The Thelephoraceae of North
America. VIII

Coniophora

EDWABD ANGUS BURT

Reprinted from Annals of the Missouri Botanical
Garden 4:237-269. September, 1917

THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. Villi

CONIOPHORA

EDWARD ANGUS BURT

Mycologist and Librarian to the Missouri Botanical Oardeii

Associate Piofessor in the Henry Shaw School of Botany of

Washington, University

CONIOPHORA

Coniophora De Candolle, Fl. Fr. 6 : 34. 1815 ; Persoon, Myc.
Eur. 1 : 153. 1822; Karsten, Rev. Myc. S^ : 23. 1881; Finska
Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 37 : 159. 1882; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6:647. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25:128.
1889; Schroeter, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien 3 : 430. 1888; Engl. &
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. I.l** : 120. 1898. — Coniopliora as a
subgenus of Corticium Fries, Hym. Eur. 657. 1874; Cooke,
Grevillea 8 : 88. 1880. — Coniophorella Karsten, Finl. Basidsv.
438. 1889; Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1:110. 1903.

Fructifications resupinate, effused, fleshy, subcoriaceous
or membranaceous; hymenium somewhat undulate-tuber-
cular, granular, or even, usually pulverulent with the spores ;
cystidia present in some species ; basidia simple ; spores even,
ochraceous, sometimes nearly colorless.

Coniopliora is closely connected on one side with Corticium
and Peniophora by such pale-spored species as Coniophora
polyporoidea, on another side with the colored-spored sec-
P tion of Merulius, and on still another with Gramdinia by sev-
?^ eral species with granular or minute papillae in the
hymenium, although the spores of Coniopliora are colored,
while those of Grandinia are white.

Fully developed, mature fructifications of Merulius have

the hymenial surface more or less reticulate with obtuse folds,

rP imperfectly porose, or obsoletely toothed, while the departure

from the even hymenial surface in Coniophora is at the most

JIl only undulate-tubercular or granular. Since some species

Note. — Explanation in regard to the citation of specimens studied is given
in Part VI, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 208, footnote. The technical color terms used
in this work are those of Ridgway, Color Standards and Nomenclature. Wash-
ington, D. C, 1912.

^ Issued September 20, 1917.

Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., Vol. 4, 1917 (237)

[Vol. 4
238 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

of Merulius have the hjTaenium even in some small, im-
mature fructifications and with a broad, marginal, even
region in larger ones, it is necessary to see fully mature and
well-developed fructifications to be certain that a collection
of one of these connecting species is a ConiopJiora rather
than a Merulius. The absence of a definite statement by
De Candolle on this point led Fries to question the generic
position of Coniophora memhranacea DC.

The dark color of spores in the mass in spore collections
is a decisive character for distinguishing some species of
Coniophora from Corticiwn and Peniophora. In working
with dried herbarium specimens which lack spore collections,
if the natural color pigment of sections is destroyed and
bleached by KHO solution, some sections should be treated
with lactic acid to determine whether the spores are hyaline
or pigmented like the hyphae. In my experience lactic acid
does not change a common, ochraceous, fungous pigment
which is dissolved and bleached by KHO solution.

All our species of Coniophora are saprophytic on wood and
cause dry rot of the wood. The most of these species are rare
or have been collected infrequently, and record is lacking of
the extent of rot which they cause. Coniophora cerehella,
more commonly called C. puteana, is common and widely dis-
tributed throughout the northern United States and Canada.
It is very destructive to structural timber of coniferous
species if poorly seasoned or if used in moist places where
there is a poor circulation of air or if used in contact with
the ground without previous treatment with a wood preser-
vative. In the United States this species seems to be as im-
portant an agent of timber decay as the Merulius lacrymans
group of species is in Europe. While Coniophora cerehella
attacks chiefly coniferous timber of buildings, bridges, docks,
etc., in forests it is often found on logs of deciduous species.
C. arida is another species of this genus so common as to be
of economic importance. This species has been collected but
rarely on other than a coniferous substratum; it ranges
rather farther south than the general range of C. cerehella
but has not been received from farther south than Louisiana.

1917]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII 239

The collections which have been available seem to indicate
that Coniophora is more abundant in temperate than in trop-
ical regions.

Our few species which have cystidia are not segregated
as Coniophorella, because such segregation would place two
common species, C. sujfocata and C. olivascens, in the posi-
tion of troublesome intermediates with some of their speci-
mens seeming to belong in Coniophora in the restricted sense
and others in Coniophorella. The per cent of connecting
species is obviously too large for cleavage into natural genera.

Key to the Species

Neither incrusted nor hair-like cystidia present in the hymenium, with
the exception of C. suffocata which sometimes has short cystidia barely
distinguishable from the basidia, and of G. olivascens, some sections of
which may lack cystidia 1

Cystidia present 8

1, Fructification fleshy when growing, often 1 mm. thick, separable from
substratum; hyphae densely interwoven, 4-7 fi in diameter, not in-
crusted i.e. cerebella

1. Fructification drying tawny olive to snuff-brown, 200-250 fi thick, not
fleshy, separable from the substratum; spores fusiform, tapering at
both ends, 18-21 X 5-6 fi 2. C. fusispora

1. Fructification not fleshy, dry; spores less than 15 m long 2

2. Spores 8X3-4 y.; fructification described originally as sulphur-
cinereous and papillate 7. C. sistotremoides

2. Hymenium not papillate 3

3. Fructification not stratose; spores between 10 and 13 fi long 4

3. Fructification not stratose; spores less than 10 m long 6

3. Fructification stratose, snuff-brown throughout, velvety, ^1 mm. thick

11. C. dryin<i

4. Fructification neither stratose nor with incrusted hyphae 5

4, Fructification not stratose but with incrusted hyphae, avellaneous to

tawny olive and Saecardo's umber 12. C. suffocata

5. Fructification adnate, 100-500 /x thick, drying from warm buff to tawny
olive or darker, with paler margin; hyphae loosely interwoven, 2-3 n
in diameter, without inflations 3. C arida

5. Closely resembling C. arida but with hyphal portions occasionally swollen

to 4-7 n in diameter 4-0. Kalmiae

6. Spores ellipsoidal, 7-8X3-4 fi; hyphae with inflations 9-12 fi in

diameter, and with pyriform, vesicular hyphal ends 5. C. inflata

6. Spores broadly ovoid 7

6. Spores subglobose, 4-5X4 fi; fructification pinkish tan; hyphae not
incrusted, not nodose-septate. (C. olivascens has nodose-septate
hyphae ) 10. C. Harperi

7. Fructification membranaceous, separable, pinkish buff, the margin white,

cottony, and usually with prominent radiating mycelial strands

6. C. polyporoidea

7. Fructification spongy, hypochnoid, between pinkish buff and ciimamon-

buff throughout and at the margin; hyphae 6-7 fi in diameter. . . .8. C. vaga

[Vol.. 4
240 ANNALS OP THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

7. Fructification light pinkish cinnamon, adnate; hyphae 2-2^ fi in diameter,

hyaline ; spores 7-8 X 0 fi 9. C. O'vellanea

8. Cystidia large, more than 5 fj. in diameter 9

8. Cystidia small, only 3-5 fi in diameter 11

1). Spores more than 7 fi long; fructification dark-colored, sepia, and bufTy

citrine to olive-brown 10

9. Spores 3X2 /it; fructification primuline-yellow 16. C. flwva

10. Fructification very dark, drying Saccardo's umber to olive-bro\\'n
throughout; hyphae rigid; cystidia protruding up to 120 fi....
13. G. um brina

10. Fructification paler, bulTy citrine and Saccardo's olive to bro^vnish
olive; hj'phae paler and thinner-walled, often coUap.sed; cystidia
protruding up to 100 fi I'f. C. olivacea

10. Fructification drying sepia; hyphae nearly black, rigid; cystidia

protruding up to 60 fi; spores 9-10X4J-6 m 15. G. atrocinerea

11. Spores 6-7X2J-3 fi; fructification very thin, adnate, drying raw sienna,

suggestive of the conidial stroma of an Hypoxylon 11. G. laeticolor

11. Spores 4-4JX2^-3 /x., pale and concolorous with the hyphae; fructifica-
tion cream-color to Naples yellow throughout; hyphae loosely inter-
woven, rigid, abundantly nodose-septate 18. G. hyssoidea

11. Spores about 5X3J fi, dark-colored; fructification olive-lake to olive-
citrine; hyphae lax, hyaline 19. G. oliva^cens

1. Coniophora cerebella Pers. Myc. Eur. 1 : 155. 1822 ;
Schroeter, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien 3 : 430. 1888 ; Bresadola, Ann.
Myc. 1 : 110. 1903.

Thelephora cerebella Pers. Syn. Fung. 580. 1801; Alb. &
Schw. Consp. Fung. 282. 1805. — Thelephora puteana Schu-
macher, PI. Saell. 2 : 397. 1803 ; Fries, Syst. Myc. 1 : 448. 1821 ;
Elenchus Fung. 1 : 194. 1828; Pers. Myc. Eur. 1 : 144. 1822.—
Corticium (subg. Coniophora) puteanum (Schum.) Fries,
Hym. Eur. 657. 1874; Cooke, Grevillea 8:88. 1880.— Cowio-
phora puteana (Schum.) Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag
Natur och Folk 37:159. 1882; Finl. Basidsv. 435. 1889;
Patouillard, Tab. Anal. Fung. 113. /. 253, 1884; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6 : 647. 1888 ; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25 : 129.
1889.

Illustrations: FI. Dan. pi. 2035; Patouillard, Tab. Anal.
Fung. /. 253, 579; Moller, Hausschwamm-forsch. 1 : pi. 3. f. 7;
pi. 4. f. 8, 9, 11; pi. 5. /. 15; Hennings in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. I. 1**:/. 67 F, G.

Fructification broadly effused, suborbicular, fleshy, separ-
able from the substratum, drying Isabella-color and tawny
olive to Brussels brown, the margin whitish and mucedinous ;
hymenium even, undulate or gyrose, with low and broad.

1917]

13URT — TIIELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII 241

dome-shaped tubercules ; in structure 300-1000 n thick, com-
posed of densely interwoven, hyaline, even-walled hyphae 4-7
n in diameter; no cystidia; basidia with 4 sterigmata; spores
giving their color to the hymenium, even, 10-14x6-7 /x.

Fructifications usually about 4-6 cm. in
diameter or elongated up to 15 cm. long,
5 cm. broad, sometimes larger, ^-1 mm.
thick.

On logs and wood of both coniferous
and frondose species, but more common
on coniferous kinds. Quebec to District
of Columbia and westward to British
Columbia and California. Apparently
rare in tropical America. July to c. ^febeiia.

February. Section of fructifica-

Well-developed specimens of C. cere- ^^\q^ ^^'' ^^^"^^^
hella are fleshy and thick and frequently
have the hymenial surface protrude in broad, dome-shaped
tubercules; young and thin fructifications are likely to be
confused with C. arida, which has the same color but in sec-
tion has its hyphae much less compactly interwoven and not
as coarse as in C. cerehella.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 14; Ell. & Ev., N.

Am. Fungi, 1588 (in copy of Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, but not

in copies of Farlow Herb, and of U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.) ;

Karsten, Fungi Fenn., 135; Krieger, Fungi Sax., 1201.
Sweden: Femsjo, E. Fries (in Herb. Fries, determined by

Fries).
Finland : P. A. Karsten, in Karsten, Fungi Fenn., 135.
Austria- Hungary : definite locality not given, Strasser, comm.

by J. Bresadola.
Germany : Saxony, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax., 1201.
Italy : Pavia, F. Cavara, in Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 14.
Canada : definite locality not given, J. Macoun, 11, 23, 44, 58,

79; Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 13.
Quebec: Hull, J. Macoun, 377; Montreal, R. von Schrenk (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44053).

[Vol. 4
242 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 36, 700; Harraby, Lake Ros-

seau, E. T. & S. A, Harper, 591, 594.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two collections; Little

Notch, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: Belmont Spring, W. G. Farloiv, 4; Weston,

C. Bullard, comm. by W. G. Farlow; Cambridge (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 43890).
New York: Albany, H. D. House (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

14831) ; Floodwood, C. H. Peck; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson,

2603, and Cornell Univ. Herb., 14190, and L. A. Zinn, 88

(the last in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9062).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am.

Fungi, 1588 in some copies.
Pennsylvania: Spruce Creek, J. H. Fault, 324 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44928) ; State College, L. 0. Overholts, 2660

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 13160).
District of Columbia: Washington, C. L. Shear, 1268.
Ohio : Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan, Lloyd Herb., 2603.
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman, 33, 46 (the latter in

Mo. Bot. Gard Herb., 6823) ; Escanaba, C. J. Humphrey,

1449 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4825) ; New Richmond, R. W.

Kellet, comm. by A. H. W. Povah, 8 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 13263).
Hlinois : River Forest, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 829.
Iowa: Webster Co., 0. M. Oleson, 447 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44054).
Missouri: St. Louis, B. M. Duggar (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5687).
Montana: Missoula, J. R. Weir, 399 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

9535) ; Bonner, J. R. Weir, 407 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

21604).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 67, 139 (the latter in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 8344).
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 2 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5756) ; locality not given, J. Macoun, 855, comm. by

J. Dearness (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 12410).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 667, 880; Olympia,

C. J. Humphrey, 6294.

1M7]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII 243

California: Berkeley, H. A. Lee, two collections, comm. by
W. A. Setchell, 1017, 1018 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44243,
44244) ; San Francisco, W. A. Setchell, 1034 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44242).

Mexico: Guernavaca, W. A. S Edna L. Murrill, 534, N. Y.
Bot. Gard., Fungi of Mexico (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54511).

2. C. fusispora (Cooke & Ell.) Cooke in Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6 : 650. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25 : 133. 1889.

Corticium fusisporum Cooke & Ell. Grevillea 8 : 11. 1879. —
Corticium fusisporum (subg. Coniophora) Cooke, Grevillea
8 : 89. 1880.

Type: type and cotype in Kew Herb, and in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, respectively.

Fructification effused, thin, soft, readily separable, drying
from tawny olive to snuff-brown, the margin mucedinous,
pallid; hymenium even, pulverulent; structure in section
200-250 /i thick with (1) a layer next to the
substratum of loosely and longitudinally ar-
ranged hyphae, hyaline, thin-walled, collaps-
ing, 4—5 fjL in diameter, sometimes granule-
incrusted, sometimes forming rope-like
mycelial strands 20-25 /x in diameter, and
with (2) a compact hymenial layer; no
cystidia ; spores giving the color to the fructi-
fication, fusiform, tapering at both ends, Fig. 2
curved at the base, 18-21x5-6 m- ^- f^^i^po""*-

r\ • 1 • in 1 • Spores, incrusted

On pine wood m wood pile and on pine hypha. x 665.
logs. Newfield, New Jersey. September.

This species is so similar to C. cerebella in color and prob-
ably in diameter of fructification that when Ellis collected it
again, seven years after his type collection, he confused these
later specimens with C. puteana and distributed some speci-
mens under the latter name in some copies of his exsiccati.
C. fusispora is distinct from C. cerebella by being thinner,
dry rather than fleshy, having longer and more pointed spores,
and by being two-layered and with the layer next to the sub-
stratum composed of very loosely arranged hyphae having

IN'oi.. 4
244 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

some granular incrustation rather than of a uniformly com-
pact, fleshy, non-incrusted hyphal structure from substratum
to basidia as in C. cerebella.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 1588 (in the copies of
U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb, and of Farlow Herb., but not in
copy of Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, 3092 to Cooke, type (in*
Kew Herb.) ; same locality and collector. Ell. & Ev., N. Am.
Fungi, 1588 (in copies of U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb, and of
Farlow Herb.).

3. C. arida (Fr.) Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur
och Folk 37:161. 1882; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:648. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25 : 132. 1889.

Thelephora arida Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1 : 197. 1828. —
Corticium aridum (subg. Coniophora) Fries, Hym. Eur. 659.
1874 ; Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 89. 1880. — Coniophora Cookei
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25 : 136. 1889 ; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
9 : 242. 1891.
Illustrations: Fries, Icones Hym. pi. 199. f. 1.
Type : in Herb. Fries, authentic specimen in Kew Herb.
Fructification effused, membranaceous, adnate, drying from
warm buff to tawny olive or rarely darker, the margin paler

and sometimes whitish; hymenium even,
pulverulent; structure in section 100-500 /x
thick, composed of loosely interwoven, thin-
walled, often collapsing, usually hyaline
hyphae 2-3 n in diameter, not incrusted; no
cystidia; basidia with 4 sterigmata, protrud-
ing; spores tawny olive in a spore collection,
even, 10-12x6-7 /x.
c 'arida Fructificatioiis 4-20 cm. long, 1-8 cm.

Section of fructifi- broad, ^0-^2 Him. thick.
spores^ X 665"^ ^^ ' Commou ou prostratc limbs and logs and

on under side of boards and timbers of co-
niferous species, rarely on frondose species, Canada to
Louisiana and westward to Idaho.

1917]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII 245

Coniophora arida, although frequently confused with C.
cerehella, is very distinct from it by brighter color and adnate
habit, and dry and thin, rather than fleshy and thick, struc-
ture; in sections the hyphae of C. arida are only 2-A /x in
diameter, finer, thinner-walled and often collapsed, and more
loosely interwoven than those of C. cerehella. C. arida and
G. cerehella are both important timber destroyers.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Cooke, Fungi Brit., ed. 2, 11, under the name

Thelephora puteana; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1306, under

the name Coniophora Ellisii; Komell, Fungi Exs. Scand.,

37a and b.
Sweden: Femsjo, E. Fries, type (in Herb. Fries) ; L. Roniell,

207; Stockholm, L. Romell, 205, and two collections in

Romell, Fungi Exs. Scand., 37a and b.
England: Hampstead, in Cooke, Fungi Brit., ed. 2, 11.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 19; Port Credit, J. H. Faull,

Univ. Toronto Herb., 308 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44891) ;

Toronto, G. H. Graham, Univ. Toronto Herb., 683 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44942) ; Wilcox Lake, J. E. Faull, Univ.

Toronto Herb., 647 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44927).
Vermont: Little Notch, near Bristol, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts : Magnolia, W. G. Farlow.
Rhode Island : East Providence, W. G. Farlow.
New York: Albany, H. D. House, 1384, N. Y. State Mus.

Herb., T2, and two unnumbered collections (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54579, 14832, and 54383 respectively) ; Karner,

H. D. House, N. Y. State Mus. Herb., 14.189, 14.203, 14.204,

and an unnumbered collection (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44723, 44724, 44726, 54381 respectively); Ithaca, G. F.

Atkinson, 29, 9238 (in Cornell Univ. Herb.).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, 3425, cotype of Coniophora

Cookei (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.) and the specimen in

Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1306.
Pennsylvania: Carbondale, E. A. Burt.
North Carolina : Biltmore, E. Bartholomew, 5659 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44269).
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, cz.

[Vol. 4
246 ANNALS OP THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Illinois: Riverside, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 851.

Missouri: St. Louis, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54696).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 83, 548 (the latter in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 17806) ; Avery, J. R. Weir, 393 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 11982).

4. C. Kalmiae (Peck) Burt, n. comb.

Corticium Kalmiae Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 46 : 109.
1893; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11 : 125. 1895.

Type : in Coll. N. Y. State.
Fructification effused, thin, tender,
adnate, drying straw-yellow to tawny
olive, the subiculum and margin com-
posed of slender, whitish filaments;
hymenium glabrous, continuous ;
structure in section 150-300 y. thick,
composed of loosely interwoven, hya-
Fig. 4 line, non-incrusted hyphae mostly

c. Kalmiae. 2-3 /i in diameter but with occasion-

^Ei.''p'.'"'x et." '"°"™ ally a portion of a hypha swollen and

4—7 II in diameter ; no cystidia ; spores
tawny olive in a spore collection, even, 9-12x6-7 n.

Fructification 3-4 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad.

On prostrate limbs and logs of frondose species, a single
collection on hemlock spruce. Vermont and New York. Sep-
tember and October. Rare.

The type of this species is bright straw-yellow; the other
collections which I have referred here have similar structure
but are rather darker, approaching C arida, from which, per-
haps, C. Kalmiae is not specifically distinct. The occasional
swollen portions of hyphae afford the best character for sep-
aration from C. arida.

Specimens examined:
Vermont : Little Notch, near Bristol, E. A. Burt.
New York: Shokan, C. H. Peck, type (in Coll. N. Y. State) ;

Ithaca, C. H. Kaufman, Cornell Univ. Herb., 14191; C.

Thorn, Cornell Univ. Herb., 14192 — both of the Ithaca speci-
mens comm. by G. F. Atkinson.

1917]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII

247

5. C. inflata Burt, n. sp.
Type : in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructification effused, dry, membranaceous, separable, dry-
ing avellaneous, the margin mucedinous, concolorous in some
places, deep olive-buff in
others; hymenium even, pul-
verulent; in structure 300 /x
thick, with hyphae next to the
substratum very loosely ar-
ranged, colored, forming some
rope-like strands up to 15 n in
diameter; hyphae 3-6 /x in
diameter, here and there glo-
bosely inflated up to 9-12 /x in
diameter, and sometimes with
pyriform or subglobose, ve-
sicular branches or hyphal
ends up to 12x9 /i ; no cystidia ;
spores colored, even, 7-8 X
3-4 /x.

Fructifications 5-10 cm. long, 3-5 cm. broad.

On a pine box in contact with the soil in a garden. Parral,
Mexico. August.

This species is characterized by fructification becoming sep-
arable from substratum, by dry and loosely interwoven struc-
ture, by inflated or vesicular hyphal organs, and by smaller
spores than any of the preceding species. The dry rot caused
in the pine wood is of the brown, brittle type. The vesicular
organs do not appear to be chlamydospores.

Specimens examined:
Mexico: Parral, Chihuahua, E. 0. Matthews, 22, type (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 4511).

6. C. polyporoidea (Berk. & Curtis) Burt, n. comb.
Corticium polyporoideum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 177.

1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 618. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27 : 130. 1890. — Corticium alboflavescens Ell. & Ev.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1894 : 324. 1894; Sacc. Syll. Fung.

Fig. 5

C. inflata.

Spores ; hyphae with inflated portions,
p, and vesicular ends, v. X 665.

[Vol.. 4
248 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

11:124. 1895. — Coniophora alboflavescens (Ell. & Ev.) v.
Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116 : 791.
1907. — Coniophora Petersii v. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien Sitzungsber. 117 : 1086. 1908, but not Corticium Petersii
Berk. & Curtis.
Type : type and cotype in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructification effused, membranaceous,
separable, drying pinkish buff, the margin
white, cottony, often with radiating my-
celial strands; hymenium even, pulveru-
lent; in structure 400-1000 n thick, com-
posed (1) of a supporting layer of very
loosely interwoven, hyaline hyphae 2^/^-3
/i in diameter, incrusted with scattered
granules, and (2) of a compact hy-
menium; no cystidia; spores slightly col-
ored under the microscope, even or
slightly rough, 6-8X4V2-6 n.

Fructifications 1-15 cm. long, 1-5 cm.
broad.

^^s- 6 Qji prostrate fallen limbs and wood of

SportXXT'^x'ees. various frondose and, more rarely, co-
niferous species, and on bark at bases of
trees. New Hampshire to Florida and westward to Michigan
and Arkansas. June to March.

This fine species has the color and surface texture of buck-
skin leather and a distinctly white margin. The spores differ
from those of other species of the genus in having so little
color and in absorbing eosin stain so intensely that their orig-
inal color is masked by the dye and the species likely to be
mistaken for a Corticium. The roughish spores show rela-
tionship to Hypochnus.
Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 1716, under the name
Corticium Petersii, and 3005, under the name Corticium
alboflavescens ; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 608, under the name
Corticiuyn Petersii, and 403, under the name Corticium albo-
flavescens; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 125, under the name Cor-

1917]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII 249

ticium ochroleuciim, and 723, under the name Corticium
Petersii.

New Hampshire : Choconia, W. G. Farlotv, 19.

Vermont: M.idd\ehur j, E. A. Burt.

New York : Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1213; Copake, C. H. Peck,
N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T8 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54580) ; East Galway, E. A. Burt, two collections ; Fort Ann,
S. H. Burnham, 46 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54424) ; Ganse-
voort, C. H. Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T29 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54786) ; Karner, H. D. House (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54382).

North Carolina : Asheville, H. C. Beardslee, 02125; Blowing
Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4196, 4319, 4329 (the last in Cornell
Univ. Herb.).

South Carolina : Seaboard, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 723.

Georgia: Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour, comm. by W. G. Far-
low, FF.

Florida: W. W. Calkins (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.), and in
Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 1716; Gainesville, Ravenel, in
Ravenel, Fungi Am., 125.

Alabama: Peters, type and cotype (in Kew Herb, and in Cur-
tis Herb., 4559).

West Virginia : Nuttallburg, L. W. Nuttall, type distributions
of Corticium alboflavescens, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi,
3005, and Fungi Col., 403.

Michigan : Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman, 35.

Ohio: Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 4525.

Kentucky: Harlan, C. H. Kaufman, 67 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 16419) ; Mammoth Cave, C. G. Lloyd, 2561.

Arkansas: Fordyce, C. J. Humphrey, 5828; Arkansas Na-
tional Forest, W. H. Long, 19861 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
8959); Womble, W. H. Long, 19791 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 6388).

7. C. sistotremoides (Schw.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
25 : 133. 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9 : 241. 1891.

Thelephora sistotremoides Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges.
Leipzig Schrift. 1:109. 1822; Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S.

[Vol. 4
250 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

4: 168. 1832; Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1 : 198. 1S28. — Odontia
sistotremoides (Schw.) Fries, Epicr. 529. 1838.

Type: a fragment in Herb. Schweinitz and portions in
Herb. Fries and in Kew Herb, probably.

Effused, papery, papillate, sulpliur-cinereous,
^ Q the margin byssoid and white ; papillae minute,
O (p pilose.

Fig. 7 Broadly effused here and there on wood. Pa-

c. sistotre- pillae abnormal, minute, occurring in the hy-

Spores X 665 J^^iiium in scattered distant clusters, with the

form in all respects of the teeth of Sistotrema and

clothed with hairs as in T. hotryoides.

— Translation of original description.

The portion of the type in Herb. Schweinitz is very small
and not well preserved. I found its spores Saccardo's mel-
leus, even, 8 X 3-4 n, and hyphae of the same color, but did
not detect scattered, clustered granules in the hymenial sur-
face. The portion preserved may, however, have been from
the even region between the clustered granules. Fries re-
ceived a specimen of C. sistotremoides from Schweinitz and
in 'Epicrisis' transferred this species to Odontia, placing it
next to Odontia fimbriata and describing the granules as wart-
like, minute, dentiform, with apex concolorous and fimbriate.

I have been on the lookout for a Coniophora which com-
bines in one specimen both the granular surface described by
Schweinitz and Fries and the spore characters of the authen-
tic specimen but have not yet found it. Coniophora olivascens
has a granular surface to its fructification, but its spores are
smaller than those of C. sistotremoides, more subglobose in
form, and its hyphae are hyaline. Schweinitz 's statement that
the papillae are clothed with hairs as in his Hypochnus hotry-
oides is important in showing that he refers to a surface com-
posed of matted hyphae as seen with a lens in the case of
Hypochnus hotryoides and not necessarily to the presence of
hair-like cystidia protruding from the granules in sections,
although Fries must have had the latter type of structure in
mind to lead him to place this species in Odontia between
0. Barha Jovis and 0. fimhriata.

1917]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII

251

The northern specimens cited below have the approximate
spore characters of C. sistotremoides but an even hymenium,
hence they are all referred with doubt to this species for the
present. Possibly the granular condition of this species may
be confined to the vicinity of North Carolina.

Specimens examined:
Vermont: Grand View Mt., E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: Magnolia, W. G. Farlow; Manchester, W. G.

Farlow, 3.
New York : Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1130.
North Carolina: Schweinitz, type (in Herb. Schweinitz).

8. C. vaga Burt, n. sp.
Type : in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Fructification effused, spongy, hypochnoid,

tomentose, drying between pinkish buff and
cinnamon-buff, the margin thinning out and
concolorous; in structure 300 n thick, com-
posed of loosely interwoven, short-celled,
suberect hyphae 6-7 /* in diameter, not in-
crusted, not nodose-septate, slightly colored
and giving their color to the fructification;
no cystidia; spores slightly colored, con-
colorous with the hyphae, even, apiculate,
71/2-9x41/2-6 /z.

Fructifications 8 cm. or more long, 3 cm. broad.

On bark of old log of Ulmus americana. Hudson Falls, New
York. September.

In its general appearance C. vaga somewhat resembles Co?'-
ticium vagum but the former is more compact and darker
colored, and its spores are colored, shorter, broader, and
almost mucronate-pointed.

Specimens examined:
New York: Hudson Falls, S. H. Burnham, 20, type (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 54498).

9. C. avellanea Burt, n. sp.
Type : in Burt Herb.

Fig. 8

C. vaga.

Basidium with

sterigniata, spores,

hypha. X 665.

0 0

O O 0

Fig. 9

C. avellanea.

Spores X 665.

[\'oi.. 4
252 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructification effused, dry, adnate, drying light pinkish cin-
namon (exactly avellaneous of Saccardo's 'Chromotaxia'), the
margin concolorous, determinate; hymenium even, pulveru-
lent ; in structure 120-200 n thick, with the hyphae 2-21/2 n in

diameter, hyaline, not incrusted, not nodose-
septate, running longitudinally and crowded
together along the substratum, densely inter-
woven in the subhymenium ; no cystidia;
spores olive-buff in spore collection, only
slightly colored under the microscope, even,
7-8x6 IX.

Fructification 3-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad.
On decorticated coniferous wood. New York and Ohio.
April and August.

C. avellanea differs from all the preceding species by its
avellaneous color, closely adnate habit, thin and dense struc-
ture, fine hyphae, and nearly subglobose, slightly colored
spores. C. Harperi is of nearly the same color, but has a
loosely interwoven subiculum next to the substratum, coarser
hyphae, and smaller spores.

Specimens examined:
New York: Altamont, E. A. Burt; East Galway, E. A. Burt,
type.

Ohio : Madisonville, C. G. Lloyd, 0191.

10. C. Harperi Burt, n. sp.

Type : in Burt Herb.

Fructification effused, dry, membranaceous,
drying pinkish tan, brittle, not strongly at-
tached to the substratum, the subiculum and
■t;^ margin whitish, floccose; hymenium even.
Fig. 10 pulverulent; in structure 150-200 n thick,

G. Harperi. composcd of looscly intcrwovcn, suberect.
Spores, hyphae. hyaline hyphae not incrusted, not nodose-
septate, 3V2-5 11 in diameter; no cystidia;
spores slightly colored, even, sometimes slightly subangular,
subglobose, 4-5x4 ix.

Fructification 3-7 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad.

1917]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII

253

On white oak bark. Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. July.

This collection was at first referred to C olivascens, but it
differs from it in having no olivaceous component in its color,
and its spores are subglobose and slightly subangular and its
hyphae not nodose-septate. The fructifications are suggestive
of Corticium arachnoideum in forming a delicate hymenial
pellicle which is supported on a very thin and loose subicu-
lum, but the hymenium and the spores are colored.

Specimens examined:
Wisconsin: Lake Geneva, E. T. S S. A. Harper, 958, type.

11. C. dryina (Berk. & Curtis) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 25 : 135. 1889.

Corticium dryinum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 179. 1873 ;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 634. 1888.

Type : type and cotype in Kew Herb, and
Curtis Herb, respectively.

Fructification effused, thick, dry, adnate,
velvety, drying snuff-brown both externally
and within; hymenium even, velvety; in
structure 500-1000 n thick with (1) next
to the substratum a thin layer composed
of closely interwoven, thick-walled, rigid
hyphae 4-4i/^ y. in diameter, nodose-septate,
not incrusted, concolorous with the fructi-
fication, and with (2) a broad stratose hy-
menial layer made up of about 4 or 5 sets
of hymenia and supporting subhymenial
layers whose hyphae are erect, branching,
concolorous, 4-41/2 At in diameter; no cys-
tidia ; basidia colored like the fructification, with 4 sterigmata ;
spores concolorous with the fructification, even, curved,
pointed at the place of attachment, 8-9x3Vi>-4 /*.

Fructification probably large, in the specimens known being
about 4 cm. long, 3 cm. broad, and not having the original
margin.

On rough surface of decaying oak wood. Alabama. No-
vember.

Fig. 11
C. dryina.
Section of fructifica-
tion showing stratose
structure X45;
spores X 665.

[Vol.. 4

254

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

It is surprising that only tho original collection of C. dryina
has been made, for the two portions which are the type and
cotype were apparently from a large conspicuous fructifica-
tion. C. dryina has as distinguishing characters its thickness,
snuff-brown color throughout, velvety surface, absence of cys-
tidia, and stratose structure.

Specimens examined:
Alabama: Peters, 709, type and cotype (in Kew Herb, and

Curtis Herb., 5204, respectively).

12. C. suffocata (Peck) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
25:138. 1889.

Corticium' suffocatum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 30 : 48.

1879; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 621. 1888.
Type : in Coll. N. Y. State.
Fructification effused, indeterminate,
membranaceous, not fleshy, somewhat
separable when thick, drying from avel-
laneous to tawny olive and Saccardo's
umber, the under side and margin
usually whitish and mucedinous; hy-
menium even; in structure 60-500 n
thick, composed of loosely interwoven,
usually hyaline, sometimes brownish,
more or less incrusted hyphae 3%-6 /*
in diameter under the incrustation, not
nodose-septate; no cystidia or with
cystidia barely distinguishable from immature basidia ; spores
snuff-brown in a spore collection, even, 10-12x6-7 /x.
Fructification 2-9 cm. long, 1-5 cm. broad.
Common on under side of coniferous boards and limbs lying
on the ground, rare on frondose species. Canada to Louisi-
ana and westward to Vancouver Island and Washington. May
to January.

This species bears some resemblance to C. cerehella and
C. arida, approaching the former in its separable tendency
when thick and the latter in general habit, coloration, dry
structure, and loose arrangement of its hyphae. It is distin-

Fig. 12

C, suffocata.

Incrusted hyphae, spores.
X 665.

1917]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII 255

guished from both species by having incrusted hyphae which
are coarser than those of C. arida. The European C. Betulae
Karst., of which I have an authentic specimen, does not form
a compact hymenial membrane, is very thin, not at all sep-
arable from substratum, has the margin similar to the central
portion of the fructification, hyphae frequently nodose-sep-
tate, and cystidia always present, 6 n in diameter, emerging
20-30 n above the basidia — differing in all the above respects
from our C. suffocata. C. suhcinnamomea Karst. differs by
having in its hymenium noteworthy branching paraphyses
and small, flexuous cystidia. C. suffocata is probably very de-
structive as a timber rot. The cystidia when occasionally dis-
tinguishable are about 6 /i in diameter and emerge up to 20
or even 40 /x above the basidia.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati : Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 328, under the name Hymeno-

chaete Ellisii; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 219, under the name

Coniophora puteana.
Canada : Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 7, 48, 55.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 416; Toronto, G. H. Graham,

Univ. Toronto Herb., 681 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44939).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts : Belmont Spring, C. Bullard, comm. by W. G.

Farlow, 3, and an unnumbered specimen; Hammond's Pond,

Brookline, G. R. Lyman, 176.
New York: Alcove, G. L. Shear, 1303; East Galway, E. A.

Burt; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 997; Karner, H. D. House,

N. Y. State Mus. Herb., 14.165 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44714) ; Sandlake, C. H. Peck, type (in Coll. N. Y. State).
New Jersey : Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 328,

and in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 219, and on white oak, Feb. 3,

1877 (in Farlow Herb.).
Pennsylvania: State College, C. R. Orton, comm. by L. 0.

Overholts, 2897 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5719).
District of Columbia: Rock Creek, C. L. Shear, 1350.
Florida: W. W. Calkins (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb., under the

name Corticium epichlorum).
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, eg.

[Vol. 4

256

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Indiana: Millers, E. T. S S. A. Harper, 648.

Illinois : Glenellyn, E.T. d S. A. Harper, 956.

Missouri : Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54782).
Montana: Evaro, J. R. Weir, 432 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

1807).
Idaho : Priest River, J. R. Weir, 8.
British Columbia: Vancouver Island, J. Macoun, comm. by

J. Dearness, V 134 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 23093).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 868, 895, 956; Kalama,

C. J. Humphrey, 6226; Oljonpia, C. J. Humphrey, 6335.

13. C. umbrina Alb. & Schw. ex Fries in Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6 : 652. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25 : 131. 1889.

Thelephora umhrina var. ^. Alb. &
Schw. Consp. Fung. 281. 1^0^.— Thele-
phora umhrina (Alb. & Schw.) Fries,
Elenchus Fung. 1 : 199. 1828; Epicr. 543.
1838. — Corticium (subg. Coniophora)
umbrinum (Alb. & Schw.) Fries, Hym.
Eur. 658. 1874. — Coniophorella umbrina
(Alb. & Schw.) Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1 :
111. 1903.

Type : location of type unknown to me.

Fructification effused, soft, not readily
separable, villose beneath, drying Sac-
cardo's umber to olive-brown, the mar-
gin usually of the same color, narrow,
radiating; hymenium even, sometimes
granular, tomentose, setulose; in struc-
ture 180-400 n thick, with the hyphae
colored, 3-6 n or rarely more in diam-
eter, rather rigid, not nodose-septate,
loosely interwoven; cystidia concolor-
ous, septate, obtuse, 100-200x9-12 /z,
Fig, 13 emerging up to 120 /i, even or granule-

c. umbrina. Incrustcd ; sporcs concolorous under the

Young basidium upper microscopc, cvcu, 9-12x5-6 /i, flattened

portion o f cystidium, .^ ' ' "^^

spores, hyphae. X 665. OU OllC Side.

1917]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII 257

Fructifications up to 3-8 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad.

Under rotting pine boards and limbs on the ground. New
York, Maryland, and Washington. October to December.
Probably rare.

This species is characterized by its dark color — usually
olive-brown — dark-colored hyphae, and very large, septate,
colored, incrusted cystidia. Our American specimens agree
well with that from Europe received from Bresadola, whose
view of this species I follow.

Specimens examined:
Russian Poland : Eichler, comm. by G. Bresadola.
New York : Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1326.
Maryland : Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 997.
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 869, 870.

14. C. olivacea (Fr.) Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Na-
tur och Folk 37 : 162. 1882; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 649. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25 : 129. 1889 ; Bresadola, I. R.
Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3 : 116. 1897.

Hypochnus olivaceus Fries, Obs. Myc. 2 : 282. 1818 (in
part). — Thelephora olivacea Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1:197. 1828
(in part). — Corticium (subg. Hypochnus) olivaceum Fries,
Hym. Eur. 660. 1874 (in part). — Corticium (subg.Coniophora)
olivaceum (Fr.) Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 89. 1880. — Coniophorella
olivacea (Fr.) Karsten, Finl. Basidsv. 438. 1889; Bresadola,
Ann. Myc. 1 : 110. 1903. — Corticium leucothrix Berk. & Curtis,
Grevillea 2 : 4. 1873. — Corticium (subg. Coniophora) leuco-
thrix (Berk. & Curtis) Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 89. 1880.— Cowi-
ophora leucothrix (Berk. & Curtis) Cooke in Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6 : 648. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25 : 133. 1889.—
Corticium hrunneolum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 2 : 4. 1873.
— Corticium (subg. Coniophora) hrunneolum (Berk. & Cur-
tis) Cooke, Grevillea 8:88. 1880. — Coniophora hrunneola
(Berk. & Curtis) Cooke in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:648. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25 : 134. 1889. — Hymenochaete
Ellisii Berk. & Cooke, Grevillea 4 : 162. 1876. — Corticium
(subg. Coniophora) Ellisii (Berk. & Cooke) Cooke, Grevillea
8 : 89. 1880. — Coniophora Ellisii (Berk. & Cooke) Cooke in

[V^oi.. i

258

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 648. 1888 ; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
25 : 129. 1889. — Coniophora fulvo-olivacea Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 25 : 134. 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9 : 241. 1891.

Type: in Herb. Fries; the specimen in Kew Herb, from
Fries and named by him Thelephora olivacea is Coniophora
Betulae.

Fructification effused, adnate, somewhat felt-like, and sep-
arable from the substratum with a scalpel,
drying buffy citrine and Saccardo's olive
to brownish olive, the margin thinning out
and sometimes whitish; hymenium even,
\ tomentose, setulose ; in structure 200-700 ju
thick, composed of more or less colored
hyphae 3-6 /i in diameter, not nodose-
septate, not usually incrusted, which are
loosely interwoven next to the substratum
and form a very dense hymenial layer;
cystidia septate, granule-incrusted, taper-
ing upward, concolorous with the hyphae
at the base, paler above, 8-12 ii in diameter,
protruding 50-100 /x ; spores colored, even,
7-12x4^/^-51/2 M) often flattened on one
side.

Fructification 4-10 cm. long, 2-5 cm.
broad.

On coniferous wood and bark, rarely on
frondose species. Canada to Louisiana
and westward to Idaho.

C olivacea is paler externally and in-
ternally than C. umhrina, has fewer
cystidia, and hyphae with usually thinner
walls and often collapsed. I have been able to detect no mor-
phological characters which sharply separate these species.
I was not able to study in Herb. Fries the original collection
from Femsjo of Coniophora olivacea, for the specimen was
loaned to Bresadola when I was at Upsala. I have presented
C. olivacea as understood by Bresadola in the specimen com-
municated to me by him and cited below. The specimen of

Fig. 14

C. olivacea.

Spores, protruded por-
tion o f cystidium,
hyphae. X 665.

1917]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII 259

Thelephora olivacea from Fries in Kew Herb., determined by
Fries, has small, non-septate cystidia and incrusted hyphae,
and is quite different from C. olivacea as understood by Bresa-
dola. The specimen in Kew Herb, is not distinct from Coni-
ophora Betulae Karst.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 3211; Krieger, Fungi

Sax., 2011; Rabenhorst- Winter, Fungi Eur., 2721.
Finland: Karsten, in Rabenhorst-Winter, Fungi Eur., 2721

(in Kew Herb., the type of Coniophora fulvo- olivacea).
Sweden: L. Roniell, 209; Stockholm, L. Romell, 208.
Germany: Schandau, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax.,

2011.
Austria-Hungary: G. Bresadola.

Canada : J. Macoun, 252; St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 67.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 382.
New Hampshire : Chocorua, W. G. Farlow.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
New York: Floodwood, C. H. Peck; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson,

2516; A. J. Pieters, Cornell Univ. Herb., 5261; G. F. Atkin-
son, Cornell Univ. Herb., 14352; Karner, H. D. House (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54395).
New Jersey : Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi,

3211.
Pennsylvania: Trexlertown, W. Herbst.
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 969.
South Carolina : Society Hill, M. A. Curtis, 4775, the cotype

of Corticium leucothrix (in Curtis Herb.).
Georgia: Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour S W. L. Moss, comm.

by W. G. Farlow, a (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44596).
Alabama: Bessie Junction, C. J. Humphrey, 5355.
Louisiana : Dr. Hale, the cotype of Corticium hrunneolum (in

Curtis Herb., 3664) ; Abita Springs, A. B. Langlois, 2695,

2696.
Ohio : Linwood, C. G. Lloyd, 02834.
Missouri: Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54770) ; St. Louis, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54781).

[Vol. 4

260

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

0

O

^

Montana : Banner, J. R. Weir, 405 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

10582).
Idaho : Kaniksu National Forest, Priest River, J. R. Weir, 68.

15. C. atrocinerea Karsten in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ. 1806.
1881 ; Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Meddel. 6 : 12. 1881 ;
Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 37 : 162. 1882 ; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6 : 650. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25 : 132.
1889.

Coniophorella atrocinerea Karsten, Finl. Basidsv. 438. 1889.
Type : type distribution in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 1806.

Fructification effused, byssoid-membra-
naceous, adnate, drying sepia, the margin
somewhat mucedinous and paler, some-
times whitish; hymenium even; in struc-
ture 250-500 /x thick, composed of loosely
interwoven, nearly black, rigid, even
hyphae 3y2-5 n in diameter, not nodose-
septate, not incrusted; cystidia incrusted,
septate, 9-15 n in diameter, emerging up
to 60 /i ; spores colored, even, 9-10x4^/2-6 n.
Fructifications 1-2 cm. long, 1 cm. broad,
becoming confluent in crevices of the bark
so as to form patches up to 8 cm. long.

In crevices of bark of pine logs. Louisi-
ana. January.

The Louisiana collection agrees closely
with the type distribution from Finland in
all respects except in having slightly broader spores, which
are 6 ^ in diameter in the American specimen and usually
about 41/2 n in the type, although published by Karsten as
5-6 n. This species is very distinct by its firm, rigid, and
nearly black hyphae. It is strange that two specimens of
so similar and marked structure occur at such mdely distant
localities without intermediate stations.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 1806.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, type distribution, in de
Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 1806.

Fig. 15

C. atrocinerea.

Protruded part of

cystidium, spores,

hypha. X 665.

1917]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII

261

Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 2639 in part.

16. C. flava Burt, n. sp.

Type : in Burt Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructification effused, soft, membranaceous, separable from
the substratum, drying primuline-yellow throughout, with the
margin a little paler ; hymenium even, cracked, somewhat pul-
verulent; in structure 400 ju thick (1) with the
hyphae loosely interwoven next to the sub-
stratum, 3-4V2 Ai in diameter, occasionally
nodose-septate, frequently more or less in-
crusted, and (2) with the hyphae more densely
arranged in the subhymenium, more regularly
incrusted, and containing many heavily in-
crusted, cylindric cystidia 8-9 n in diameter,
which do not protrude beyond the surface of the
hymenium; hymenial cystidia usually not in-
crusted, 5-7 n in diameter, emerging up to 30 /x,
occasionally with a few incrusting granules near
the base ; spores concolorous with the hyphae and
the fructification, borne 4 to a basidium, even,
flattened or slightly curved on one side, 4x2 /x.

The portion of a fructification which I have
seen is 11/2 X 1 cm.

Substratum not noted. Jamaica. January.

Although I have seen but a small portion of a fructification,
which does not afford data as to margin or substratum, this
portion shows a species which should be readily recognized
by its bright yellow color throughout, peeling away from the
substratum in a compact sheet, small spores flattened on one
side, and by heavily incrusted, wholly buried cystidia.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Troy and Tyre, Cockpit Country, 2000 ft. altitude,
W. A. Murrill S W. Harris, N. Y. Bot. Gard., Fungi of
Jamaica, 1089.

17. C. laeticolor Karsten, Finl. Basidsv. 436. 1889 ; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25 : 137. 1889.

Fig. 16
C. flava.
P r o t r u d -
ed part of
cystidium, c;
i n c r u st -
ed cystidium
from interior
of fructifica-
t i o n , d;
spores, s.
X 665.

l\OL. i

262

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Xerocarpus laeticolor Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag
Natur och Folk 37 : 137. 1882 ; Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fen-
nica Meddel. 9 : 52. 1883. — Corticium laeticolor (Karst.) Saoc.
Syll. Fung. 6 : 636. 1888. — Coniophora crocea Karsten, Rev.
Myc. 9 : 10. 1887 (this synonym published by Karsten) ; Soo.
pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Meddel. 14 : 83. 1888 ; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6 : 651. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25 : 137.
1889.
Type : authentic specimen of C. crocea in Burt Herb.

Fructification effused, adnate, indetermi-
j nate, drying raw sienna, the margin of the

' same color, thinning out; hymenium even,

compact, somewhat pulverulent; in structure
60-120 IX thick, mth the hyphae giving their
bright color to the fructification, not in-
crusted, occasionally nodose-septate, 3-4 n in
diameter, ascending more or less densely
from the substratum to the hymenial surface ;
cystidia cylindric, not incrusted, simple, or
few-septate, 4-41/2 n in diameter, emerging
20-60 /i ; spores concolorous with the hyphae,
even, flattened on one side or slightly curved,

6-7x21/2-3 M.

Fructifications 4 cm. long, 2-21/2 cm. broad.
On badly decayed, coniferous wood. Elk-
mont, Tennessee. September. Probably
rare.

This species suggests by its bright color
and thin, adnate habit the conidial stroma of
some species of Hypoxylon, and it may have been overlooked
heretofore on account of this resemblance. It is well marked
by its bright color, thin and compact habit of growth, small,
slender spores, and cystidia.

Specimens examined:
Finland : Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, under the name Coniophora

crocea.
Tennessee : Elkmont, C. H. Kaufman, 70 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 16397).

Fig. 17

C. laeticolo

Section

hyphae, cystidium,
basidia, spores
X 665.

showing

1917]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII

263

18. C. byssoidea (Pers.) Fries, Hym. Eur. 659. 1874 (in
subg. Coniophora) ; Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur
och Folk 37 : 160. 1882; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 652. 1888.

Thelephora hyssoides Persoon, Syn. Fung. 577. 1801; Fries,
Syst. Myc. 1 : 452. 1821. — Corticium (subg. Coniophora) hys-
soidemn (Pers.) Fries, Hym. Eur. 659. 1874. — Coniophorella
byssoidea (Pers.) Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1:111. 1903; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 17 : 183. 1905. — Peniophora byssoidea (Pers.) v.
Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 117 : 1084.
1908. — Diplonema sordescens Karsten, Finl. Basidsv. 430.
1889. — Peniophora sordescens (Karst.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9 :
240. 1891.

Fructification effused, dry, at first flaxy
and hypochnoid, at length compact at the
disk, drying cream-color to Naples yellow,
the margin flaxy ; hymenium even, tomen-
tose; in structure 150-350 n thick, com-
posed of very loosely interwoven, rigid,
nodose-septate hyphae 3-4 ii in diameter,
which give the color to the fructification;
cystidia slender, tapering, sharp-pointed,
non-incrusted hairs, frequently nodose-
septate, concolorous with the hyphae,
3-4^/^ /i in diameter, emerging up to 20-60
/*; spores concolorous ^vith the hyphae
but sometimes nearly hyaline under the
microscope ,even, 4-4yoX2y2-3 /x, perhaps
larger in spore collections.

Fructifications ranging from 1 to 6 cm.
in diameter, or perhaps larger.

On wood and objects on the ground and
running over the humus in pine woods. Canada to Louisiana
and westward to British Columbia and Oregon, also in
Jamaica; apparently very common in the northwest. June
to December.

If one does not overlook the pale color of the small spores,
this species is easily recognized, for in Coniophora it is note-
worthy among all species of the genus by its bright color —

Fig. 18

C. bys3oidea.

Hypha bearing cysti-

dium and b as i d i a ;

spores. X 665.

[Vol. 4
264 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

cream-color to Naples yellow throughout — hypochnoid struc-
ture, rather stiff, loosely arranged, nodose-septate hyphae,
and slender septate cystidia frequently nodose-septate.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati : Cooke, Fungi Brit., ed. 2, 607, under the name Cor-

ticium sulphur eum; Krieger, Fungi Sax., 363.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, authentic specimen of

Diplonema sordescens.
Sweden: L. Romell, 78, 79; Stockholm, L. Romell, 110,

111, 236.
Germany : Saxony, Konigstein, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi

Sax., 363.
Austria-Hungary: G. Bresadola.
England: in Cooke, Fungi Brit., ed. 2, 607, under the name

Corticium sulphureum.
Canada: locality not given, J. Macoun, 10 in part, 15, 22;

Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 39, 59, 61.
Ontario : Ottawa, J. Macoun, 142, 143.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two collections.
Connecticut: New Haven, G. P. Clinton.
New York: Fall Creek, G. F. Atkinson, 7994; Freeville, G. F.

Atkinson, 2589.
Florida: locality not given, W. W. Calkins; Jacksonville,

R. A. Harper, 1, 2, 3, 11 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54527-

54530 respectively).
Louisiana: De Ridder, C. J. Humphrey, 2527 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 12532) ; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, di, j.
Michigan: Michigamme, C. J. Humphrey, 1455 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 22972).
Montana: Birch Creek, Beaverhead National Forest, C. J.

Humphrey, 2553 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9524).
Idaho: Coeur d'Alene, J. R. Weir, 623 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 13853) ; Priest River, J. R. Weir, 132, 343 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 15761, 21363).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mountains, near Salmo, J. R.

Weir, 518, 537, 623, 448, 475, 483, 492, 505, 504 in part, 486

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 19420, 1737, 13853, 8836, 20977,

21979, 21982, 2096, 14169, 20226 respectively); Sidney,

1917]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII

265

J. Macoim, 26 in part, 27 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5681,

8934) ; Vancouver Island, J. Macoun, comin. by J. Dearness,

V 186 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20183).
Oregon : Joseph, C. L. Shear, 1037.
Jamaica: Cinchona, W. A. S Edna L. Murrill, N. Y. Bot.

Gard., Fungi of Jamaica, 459.

19. C. olivascens (Berk. & Curtis) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 25 : 138. 1889.

Corticium olivascens Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 179. 1873 ;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 619. 1888. — Corticium prasinum Berk. &
Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 179. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 619. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 153. 1890. — Coniophora
prasina (Berk. & Curtis) v. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien Sitzungsber. 116 : 781. 1907. — Corticium chlorinum
Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 179. 1873 ;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 636. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 154. 1890.—
Coniophora suhochracea Peck, N. Y.
State Mus. Kept. 50 : 114. 1897 ; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 14 : 225. 1899.

Type ; type and cotype in Kew Herb,
and Curtis Herb, respectively.

Fructification effused, dry, adnate,
drying olive-lake to olive-citrine, the
subiculum and margin whitish, floccose ;
hymenium even or minutely granular,
more or less cracked; in structure 200-
400 fi thick, with the granules rising up
to 200 n more, composed of hyaline, thin-
walled, often collapsed, nodose-septate
hyphae 3-5 ii in diameter, loosely inter-
woven, sometimes with rope-like hyphal
strands near the substratum; granules
dome-shaped, bearing hair-like cystidia scattered or in small
clusters, not incrusted, often nodose-septate, 4—5 y. in diameter,
emerging up to 60 /n; spores Isabella-color in a spore collec-
tion, even, 4-6x3-4 /x, mostly 5x3l^ /x.

Fig. 19

C. olivascens.

Protruded part of cys-
tidiuin, spores, and
hypba, X 605 ; section
showing cystidia on a
granule X 45.

[Vol. 4
266 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications l^/^3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad.
On coniferous bark and wood on the ground and on pal-
metto. Ontario to Louisiana, and in Cuba and the Bahama
Islands. July to April.

C. olivascens is distinguished by its olivaceous color vary-
ing by intermediate shades to almost bottle-green, by its small
spores, and by having hair-like cystidia protrude from its
granules, frequently in clusters, as in the genus Odontia. The
granular hymenial surface appears to be more frequent in
northern collections than in those from the south, and the
hyphae are more abundantly nodose-septate in northern speci-
mens. Occasionally a collection will fail to show cystidia in
a set of sections, especially if the fructification is rather
young, but examination of other sets of sections from the old-
est and most granular portions of the fructification will even-
tually demonstrate cystidia. Grandinia virescens. Pk. is col-
ored exactly like C. olivascens and has the same general habit,
but the spores of G. virescens are darker and minutely aculeate
when the fructification is fully mature.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati : Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5 : 29.
Canada : Ottawa, J. Macoun, 25.
Ontario: Port Credit, J. H. Faull, 321 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44945).
Massachusetts: Boston, Murray, cotype (in Curtis Herb.,

6392).
New York: Albany, H. D. House (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
15946) ; East Gal way, E. A. Burt; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson,
22977; C. J. Humphrey, Cornell Univ. Herb., 22562 ; Kar-
ner, H. D. House, 14.190, 14.169, and two unnumbered col-
lections (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44718, 44720, 54363,
54364) ; Menands, C. H. Peck, type of Coniophora subochra-
cea (in Coll. N. Y. State) ; "Westport, C. H. Peck (in N. Y.
State Mus. Herb, and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, comm. by W. G. Farlow

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44641).
Pennsylvania: AVliitehaven, G. F. Atkinson, 8653.
Alabama : Peters, type distribution of Corticium prasinum in

1917]

BURT THELEPIIORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII 267

Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5 : 29, and cotype (in Curtis Herb.,
6080).

Louisiana: Abita Springs, A. B. Langlois, 2639 in part; St.
Martinville, A. B. Langlois, u.

Michigan: Ann Arbor, G. H. Kauffman, 21.

Bahama Islands : Nassau, A, E. Wight, conun. by W. G. Far-
low.

Cuba: San Diego de los Banos, Eatie £ Murrill, 334, N. Y.
Bot. Gard., Fungi of Cuba.

EXCLUDED SPECIES

0. capnoides Ell. & Ev. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. Proc. 1894 :
324. 1894; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11 : 129. 1895.

Type : type distribution in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2808.

This fungus bears its spores singly on conidiophores, as
stated in the original description, and is not a basidiomycete.

C. sordulenta Cooke & Massee in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 650.
1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25 : 132. 1889.

Type : type in Kew Herb.

This species is not distinct from Thelephora pallescens
Schw., whose relationship to Hypochnus thelepJioroides (Ell.
& Ev.) Burt was pointed out in my comment on the latter in
Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3 : 236. 1916. I have recently prepared
a new set of sections from the authentic specimen of Theleph-
ora pallescens Schw. in Curtis Herb. This specimen is in
fine condition and shows the spores fully as rough-walled or
aculeate in aqueous mounts as those of Hypochnus thelepho-
roides, which, therefore, becomes a synonym of T. pallescens
and should be displaced in my account of our species of
Hypochnus by the name Hypochnus pallescens (Schw.) Burt,
with synonymy and distribution as follows:

26. Hypochnus pallescens (Schw.) Burt, n. comb.

Thelephora pallescens Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans.
N. S. 4 : 167. 1832. — Stereum pallescens Schweinitz in Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6 : 586. 1888. — Corticium pallescens (Schw.) Mas-
see, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 129. 1890. — Thelephora insinu-
ans Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4 : 167. 1832. —

[VOL. 4

268 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Stereum insinuans Schweinitz in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 586,

1888. — Coniophora insinuans (Schw.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.

Jour. 25 : 138. 1889. — Corticium (subg. Coniophora) sordulen-

tum Cooke & Massee, Grevillea 16 : 69. 1888. — Coniophora sor-

dulenta Cooke & Massee in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 650. 1888 ;

Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25 : 132. 1889. — Corticium

thelephoroides Ell. & Ev. Jour. Myc. 1 : 88. 1885 ; Sacc. Syll.

Fung. 6 : 630. 1S88.— Hypo chnus thelephoroides (Ell. & Ev.)

Burt, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3 : 235. 1916.
Specimens examined :

Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2020, under the name
Corticium dryinum; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 706, under the
name Corticium vagum; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 719, under the
name Peniophora flavido-alba (in copy of U. S. Dept. Agr.
Herb.).

Canada : Cedar Hill, Van Island, J. Macoun, 62.

New Hampshire : Chocorua, W. G. Farlow.

Massachusetts : Sharon, A. P. D, Piguet, comm. by W. G. Far-
low (in Farlow Herb, and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54787).

New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col.,
706.

Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz, types of Thelephora
pallescens and Thelephora insinuans (in Herb. Schw. and
in Curtis Herb.).

Georgia : Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Eavenel, Fungi Am., 719
(in copy of IT. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.).

Florida: W. W. Calkins, U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.; Jackson-
ville, W. W. Calkins, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2020;
New Smyrna, C. G. Lloyd, 2138.

Louisiana: Lake Charles, C. J. Humphrey, 2538 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 12959) ; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, az, c,
u, y, 2633, 2673, and a specimen comm. by C. G. Lloyd, 3017.

Texas : Houston, H. W. Ravenel, 239, U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.

Illinois : Cerro Gordo, L. 0. Overholts, 3284 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 10640).

Missouri : comm. by J. B. Ellis, 5055, type of Corticium sor-
dulentum (in Kew Herb.).

1917]

BURT THBLEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VIII 269

Washington : Carpenter, 90, type of Corticium thelephoroides
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Kew Herb., Farlow Herb., and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

British Columbia: Kootenai Mountains, near Salmo, J. R.
Weir, 497 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21978) ; Vancouver,
J. Macoun, V 178, comm. by J. Dearness (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 8938).

Mexico: Colima, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, N. Y. Bot. Gard.,
Fungi of Mexico, 591 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

Jamaica: Morce's Gap, W. A. S E. L. Murrill, N. Y. Bot.
Gard., Fungi of Jamaica, 658.

Cuba: Alto Cedro, L. M. Underwood S F. S. Earle, N. Y. Bot.
Gard., Plants of Cuba, 1530 ; San Diego de los Banos, Pinar
del Rio Province, F, S. Earle (& W. A. Murrill, 572, N. Y.
Bot. Gard.

Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 5794 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54691).

Trinidad : Arepo Lavanna, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Far-
low, 20.

(To be continued.)

The Thelephoraceae of North
America. IX

Aleurodiscus

EDW'-ABD ANGUS BUBT

Reprinted from Annals of the Missouri Botanical
Gabden 5:177-203. September, 1918

THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. IX^

Aleurodiscus

edward angus burt

Mycologist and Librarian to the Missouri Botanical Garden

Professor in the Henry Shaw School of Botany of

Washington University

ALEURODISCUS

Aleurodiscus Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur. Exs., 1824 (without
diagnosis). 1874; Hedwigia 13 : 184 (without diagnosis). 1874;
Schroeter, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien 3 : 429. 1888; Engl. & Prantl,
Nat. Pflanzenfam. (1.1**) : 120. 1898; Patouillard, Essai
Taxon. Hym. 52. 1900; v. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien Sitzungsber. 116 : 793. pi. 1-4. 1907 ; Bourd. & Galz. Soc.
Myc. Fr. Bui. 28 : 349. 1913.

Fructifications resupinate, sometimes with margin free all
.around and somewhat saucer-shaped, rarely dimidiate and
attached by the base, drying coriaceous; hymenium pulver-
ulent; paraphyses noteworthy, modified into forms such as
moniliform, or racemose by presence of short lateral branches
— these paraphyses are sometimes called dendrophyses ;
granular or crystalline matter often in great quantity between
the basidia, paraphyses, and hyphae of the fructification;
basidia simple, usually large and with four large sterigmata;
spores simple, usually large, with colorless cell wall.

The type species is Aleurodiscus amorphus (Pers.) Rabenli.
originally published as Peziza amorpha by Persoon, then
transferred to Thelephora by Fries when known to be a basid-

' Issued September 20, 1918.
Ann. Mo. BOT. Gard., Vol. 5, 1918 (177)

[Vol. 5
178 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

iomycete, and finally referred by Fries with doubt to Cor-
ticium and regarded by Quelet as a Cyphella.

Into Aleurodiscus have been assembled species of related
structure which were originally published in Corticium and
Stereum on the basis of form of fructification, but which are
noteworthy by basidia and spores often enormous in dimen-
sions for the genera to which these species were originally
referred, and which sometimes have paraphyses of remark-
able form, and the fructification greatly thickened in some
species by so large an amount of incrusted or granular mat-
ter as to render it very difficult to make out the detailed struc-
ture of basidia and paraphyses in good sectional prepara-
tions. The granular and crystalline matter may be dissolved
from the sections by warming them on the slide in a few drops
of dilute hydrochloric acid, but with the disadvantage of leav-
ing the paraphyses and other organs with rather vague out-
lines, as though somewhat collapsed or disorganized.

Some species now referred to Aleurodiscus are intermediate
between this genus and other genera by the absence of any
notable development of some one or other of the foregoing
characters, and it is too largely a matter of personal opinion
as to just which species should be transferred. On the whole,
Aleurodiscus is probably useful, although bound to be a source
of confusion by introducing into a scheme of classification
based upon form and general structure of fructification a con-
flicting scheme of classification based upon rather trivial, and
often poorly shown, features of microscopic detail, with dis-
regard of diversity in form and general structure of fructi-
fication involved. Innovations of this kind should certainly
be exceptional.

Of the 25 species of Aleurodiscus which have been recog-
nized up to the present time, 14 occur in North America, 8
in Europe, 5 in Asia and Australia, 2 in Africa, and 2 in
South America. A. acerinus is the only one of these which
is of world-wide distribution; A. amorpJius is the only other
species common to both Europe and North America, and in
North America it is restricted to northern United States
and Canada. Only 3 species, A. acerinus, A. candidus,

1918]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. IX 179

and A. nivosus, have wide range in the United States. Our
other species are local : 7 comprise the total for New England,
7 are subtropical or tropical, and 5 are present in the Rocky
Mountain states or westward.

Key to the Species

Fructifications discoid, cup-shaped, pezizaeform, as in A. amorphus 1

Fructifications normally effuso-reflexed, sometimes with margin free all
around, as in A. Oakesii, sometimes barely showing color of under side,
as in A. candidus, which is often strictly resupinate 2

Fructifications resupinate, effused, the margin never reflexed 3

1. Spores minutely echinulate; paraphyses moniliform; free margin of fruc-
tification light-colored on under side; on balsam fir and spruce

1. A. amorphus

1. Spores even; paraphyses of bottle-brush form; free margin of under side
of fructification deep mouse-gray; on hemlock in New England and
New York 2. A. Farlowii

1. Spores even; some paraphyses of bottle-brush form, others with monili-
form tips; margin of under side of fructification light-colored; on

Ostrya and other frondose species S. A. Oakesii

2. Spores even; some paraphyses of bottle-brush form, others with mo-
niliform tips 3. A. Oakesii

2. Spores minutely echinulate, apiculate; many paraphyses of bottle-
brush form, none moniliform; sometimes resupinate; Jamaica to

Grenada 4- A. apiculatus

2. Spores even; paraphyses with somewhat corymbosely branched, fili-
form tips, made out with great difficulty because of the large
amount of incrusting and crystalline matter present; fructification
chalk-white, orbicular; sometimes resupinate 5. A. candidus

li. Fructifications drying between antimony-yellow and yellow-ocher at the
surface, white within, staining herbarivim sheets and envelopes yellow
6. A. strumosus

3. Fructifications not egg-yellow 4

4. Paraphyses heavily loaded with incrusting matter, so that their

branching is not easily made out, not of bottle-brush form 5

4. Paraphyses with short lateral prongs, i. e., of bottle-brush form, and

not organs for carrying heavy incrustation 6

5. Paraphyses filiform, spirally twisted or flexuous; spores even, 11-18 X
9^13 fi; globose organs staining brown with iodine, 6-15 /x in diameter,
scattered throughout the fructification; in Cuba and Jamaica. .7. A. seriatus

5. Paraphyses with corymbosely branched tips; spores even, 15-20X12-16 (i;
gloeocystidia clavate, 18-30X9 fi; fructifications white; on bark of liv-
ing cedar trees 8. A. nivosus

5. Paraphyses with racemosely branched tips; spores even, 10-12X6-7 ii;

gloeocystidia not present 9. A. acerinns

6. Spores even ^

6. Spores minutely echinulate 8

7. Bottle-brush portions of paraphyses 10-15X3-4* /x over lateral prongs;
spores 13-15X9-11 m; on Rubus and Vitis in Massachusetts, Maryland,
and Mexico 10. A. botryosus

7. Bottle-brush portions 15X6 m over lateral prongs; spores globose, 9 m i"
diameter; fructifications cream-buff, 000-800 fi thick, zonate with
crystalline matter; on Quercus in New Mexico 11. A. ciemeus

[Vol. 5
180 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

8. Bottle-brush structure disorganized by KHO solution; spores 12-15 X
9-12 fi; fructifications white, 60-90 /i thick; on frondose wood in
Cuba 12. A. tenuis

8. Paraphyses flexuous, 6 /* in diameter, some of them with a cluster
of prongs at the tips; spores subglobose, 15-20 fi in diameter; on
Tsuga and Pseudotsuga in Idaho and westward 13. A. penicillatus

8. Bottle-brush organs about 23X12 fi, cockroach-shaped; spores sub-
globose, 6-12 fx. in diameter; on Abies, Thuja, and Larix in Idaho
and British Columbia IJf. A. Weirii

1. A. amorphus (Pers.) Eabenhorst, Fungi Eur. Exs.,
1824. 1874; Hedwigia 13 : 184. 1874; Cooke, Grevillea 3 : 136.
1875; Schroeter, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien 3 : 429. 1888; v. Holm.
& Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116 : 799. pi. 1.
f. 2. 1907; Bourd. & Galz. Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28 : 350. 1913.

Peziza amorpha Persoon, Syn. Fung. 657. 1801 ; Myc. Eur.
1 : 269. 1822. — Thelephora amorpha (Pers.) Fries, Elenchus
Fung. 1 : 183. 1828. — Corticium amorphum (Pers.) Fries,
Epicr. 559. 1838; Hym. Eur. 648. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 :
606. 1888. — Cyphella amorpha (Pers.) Quelet, Ench. Fung.
215. 1886. — Nodularia balsamicola Peck, N. Y. State Mus.
Kept. 24 : 96. pi 4. /. 23-26. 1872.

Illustrations: De Bary, Comp. Morph. and Phys. Fungi,
/. 30; Hennings in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (1.1**) :
/. 67, C-D; V. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungs-
ber. 1165: pi 1. /. 2; Patouillard, Tab. Anal. Fung. /. 584;
Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Kept. 24 : pi 4. f. 23-26.

Fructifications disk-shaped, scattered or sometimes con-
fluent, somewhat fleshy, drying coriaceous, attached by a
point, the margin free, elevated, incurved ; hymenium convex,
pulverulent, buff -pink at first, becoming deep olive-buff in the
herbarium, the margin paler; in structure 500-1000 n thick,
composed of densely interwoven, hyaline hyphae 3 /x in diam-
eter, granule-incrusted and with the granules crystalline and
sometimes up to 12 /x in diameter but not so numerous as to
conceal the structure of the fructification; paraphyses hya-
line, filiform, flexuous, often moniliform, 4^^ jx in diameter;
basidia clavate, large, 120x18 m, with four large sterigmata;
spores subglobose with hyaline wall, minutely echinulate,
20-27x16-21 /x.

Fructifications 1-3 and 4 mm. in diameter, ^1 mm. thick
where not attached, 2 mm. thick where attached.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. IX

181

im/

On balsam fir, spruce, and Thuja plicata. Newfoundland to
New York and westward to Oregon. Infrequent.

The aspect of A. amorphus is that of a small Peziza, which
may account for the infrequency of this species in the col-
lections which have been sent to me for determination. The
large, minutely spinulose spores and moniliform paraphyses
are distinguishing
microscopic c h a r -
acters. The echinu-
late marking of the
spores is very faint
in the collections
from Idaho west-
ward.

Specimens exam-
ined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev.,

N. Am. Fungi,

2733; Krieger,

Fungi Sax., 619,

1908 ; Oudemans,

Fungi Neerlandici Exs., 285; Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs.,

130; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 1508 (in Burt copy but not

in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, copy), under the name Dasyscypha

calycina.
Sweden: Omberg, G. Schotte, in Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs.,

130.
Germany : Saxony, Konigstein, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi

Sax., 619; Schandau, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax.,

1908.
Switzerland: Neuchatel, P. Morthier, in de Thiimen, Myc.

Univ., 1508.
Holland: in Oudemans, Fungi Neerlandici Exs., 285.
France: Fautrey (in Lloyd Herb., 4353).
Newfoundland: Frenchman's Cove, A. C. WagJiorne, 319 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).
Prince Edward's Island: Rustico Bay, J. Macoun, 342.
Ontario : Lake Nipigon, J. Macoun.

Fig. 1. A. amorphus. Section of fructification
showing tubercular base of attachment, a, X2;
moniliform paraphyses, m ; flexuous paraphyses,
f; and spore, s. X870.

[Vol. 5
182 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

New Hampshire: Camp, Ellis R., U. & C, from Underwood
Coll. (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
4773) ; Chocorua, W. G. Farlow; Shelburne, W. G. Farlow
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4772).

New York : Adirondack Mts., S. L. Clarke (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.) ; Lake Placid, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill, 209, 1127
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.); East Galway, E. A. Burt;
Indian Lake, C. H. Peck, type of Nodularia balsamicola (in
Coll. N. Y. State and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.) ; Willsboro,
Essex Co., C. 0. Smith.

Michigan: Vermilion, A. E. W. Povah, 198 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 13634).

Wisconsin: Madison, Miss A. 0. Stucki, 55, Univ. of Wis-
consin Herb.

Idaho : Pend d'Oreil, J. B. Leibig, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi,
2733; Priest River, J. R. Weir, 311, 358 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 7065 and 10229 respectively).

British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 29, 31 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 6773 and 6774 respectively).

Washington: Chehalis, C. J. Humphrey, 5276; Olympic Mts.,
T. C. Frye, 18 (in Farlow Herb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44301).

Oregon: Mt. Hood, T. C. Frye, 15 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55444) ; Forest Grove, A. R.
Sweetser.

2. A. Farlowii Burt, n. sp.

Type : in Farlow Herb, and Burt Herb.

Fructifications disk-shaped, scattered or sometimes con-
fluent, coriaceous, attached by a point or tubercle, the margin
free, incurved, under side deep mouse-gray; hymenium con-
vex, pulverulent, avellaneous at first, becoming drab in the
herbarium; in structure, with the hyphae arising from the
substratum, hyaline, even, thick-walled, densely interwoven,
3 /i in diameter, not incrusted, then radiating outward in all
directions to form the hymenium, made up of basidia and
paraphyses, with the latter extending about 30 jx beyond the
basidia; paraphyses of the racemose kind, resembling hya-

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. IX

183

line bottle brushes, 6-7 n in diameter over branches, with cen-
tral axis bearing along its whole length short lateral branches
of equal length, densely crowded together; basidia clavate,
36-54x9-12 /x; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side,
13-18x9-12 /i.

Fructifications 1-1| mm. in diameter, unless elongated by
confluence of two or three, about ^ nun. thick.

On dead twigs of hemlock, per-
haps on balsam fir also. New
Hampshire and New York. Rare.

A. Farlowii has the general as-
pect of A. amorphus but may be
separated from this species when
examined superficially, by its
smaller fructifications, which are
nearly black on the unattached part
of the under side, while those of the
larger species are light-colored ; the
small basidia, small spores, bottle-
brush paraphyses, and absence of
incrusting matter afford additional
decisive characters. A. Oakesii has
bottle-brush paraphyses which are of greater diameter than
those of A. Farlowii and with fewer branches and its fructi-
fications are much larger and of a different form.

Specimens examined:
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow; King's Ravine,
W. G. Fa,rlow, type.

New York: Vaughns, Hudson Falls, S. H. Burnham, 21,
and an unnumbered collection (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
44014 and 44121 respectively).

3. A. Oakesii (Berk. & Curtis) Cooke, Grevillea 3 : 172.
1875; V. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber.
116 : 802. pi. 3. f. 1. 1907.

Corticium Oakesii Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 166. 1873 ;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 606. 1888; Pierce, Torr. Bot. Club Bui
17 : 301. pi 110. f. Or-i. 1890.

Fig. 2
A. Farlowii.
Two spores and bottle-bnish
paraphysis. X870.

[Vol. 5

184

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Illustrations: Patouillard, Rev. Myc. 12. pi. 107 his. f. 5a,
d; Pierce, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 17 : pi. 110. f. a^i; v. Hohn. &
Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116 : pi. 3. f. 1.

Type : type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3 : 32.

Fructifications disk-shaped, pezizaeform, scattered or con-
fluent, somewhat fleshy, drying coriaceous, attached by the

^^

Fig. 3. A. Oakesii. Immature basidium, b; flexuous
paraphyses, f; moniliform paraphyses, m, some with
whorl-like clusters of lateral, bottle-brush prongs; spores,
s. X870.

center, the margin free, elevated, incurved, whitish and tomen-
tose on the under side ; hymenium concave, pulverulent, dry-
ing avellaneous ; in structure about 600 /x thick, composed of
hyaline hyphae 3-3^ n in diameter, rather thick-walled, some-
times granule-incrusted, longitudinally arranged and inter-
woven next to the substratum, curving outward to bear the
hjTnenium, consisting of basidia and filiform paraphyses with

1918]

BURT TIIELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. IX 185

tips of two kinds ; most tips are racemose with about 12 lat-
eral branches 3 /x long standing out from an axis 6 /x in diam-
eter, other tips consist of 2 or 3 monilif orm bodies — either
kind of paraphysis may bear a cluster of lateral branches at
some region more or less distant from the end; basidia 80-
100X12 /x; spores hyaline, even, 18-21x12-13 /x.

Fructifications 1-2 mm. in diameter, becoming confluent
into masses 2x1 cm.

On bark of dead Ostrya virginica, Quercus alba, Q. macro-
carpa, Salix, hickory, etc. Canada to Alabama, westward to
Missouri.

A. Oakesii resembles A. amorphus so closely in aspect that
it was regarded by Fries in his ' Hymenomycetes Europaei'
as a synonym of the latter species, from which Cooke demon-
strated that it was clearly distinct by the paraphyses. It may
be separated at sight by the hymenium of A. Oakesii not be-
ing convex, by the fructifications becoming very large by con-
fluence, and by its occurrence on bark of frondose species.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati : Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 935a and b ; Ell. & Ev., Fungi
Col., 310 ; Kellerman, Ohio Fungi, 125 ; Rabenhorst, Fungi
Eur., 3232; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3 : 32, type distribution;
Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 116.
Canada: Ontario, Carleton Place, J. Macoun, 422; London,

J. Dearness, 2647 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 19516).
New England: Oakes (in Curtis Herb., 3102).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
Rhode Island: Olney (in Curtis Herb., 1827).
New York : Alcove, C. L. Shear, in Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 116 ;
Altamont, E. A. Burt; definite locality not given, Sartwell
(in Curtis Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4830) ; Buf-
falo, G. W. Clinton (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.).
New Jersey: Laning (in Curtis Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44128, 44129).
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, E. A. Rau, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,
935a; Spruce Creek, J. H. Faull, Univ. of Toronto Herb.,
366 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44915) ; State College, C. R.
Orion, 3 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44080) ; Trexlertown, W.

[Vol. 5
186 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Herhst, 85; West Chester, Everhart, Haines, Jefferis d

Gray, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 935b.
West Virginia: Nuttallburg, L. W. Nuttall, in Ell. & Ev.,

Fungi Col., 310.
Alabama: Peters, in Eavenel, Fungi Car. 3 : 32, and (in

Curtis Herb., 3868).
Ohio: Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan (in Lloyd Herb.) ; Columbus,

F. J. Tyler, in Kellerman, Ohio Fungi, 125; Oberlin, F. D.

Kelsey (in Lloyd Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4831).
Michigan: Ann Arbor, A. J. Pieters (in U. S. Dept. Agr.

Herb.).
Indiana: Crawfordsville, D. Reddick, 11.
Illinois : Eiver Forest, Miss A. 0. Stucki, 11, Univ. of Wiscon-
sin Herb.
Wisconsin: Madison, four collections, as follows: collector

not given (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4832) ; M. C. Jensen,

comm. by C. J. Humphrey (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42942) ;

W. Trelease, 67 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4799) ; Miss A, 0.

Stucki, 54, Univ. of Wisconsin Herb.
Iowa : Decorah, E. W. D. Holway (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.) ;

Webster County, 0. M. Oleson, 1.
Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Bug gar, 401; Perryville, C. H.

Bemetrio, in Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 3232.

4. A. apiculatus Burt, n. sp.

Type : in Burt Herb,

Fructifications resupinate, effused, sometimes narrowly re-
flexed, coriaceous, pulverulent, drying pinkish buff, the re-
flexed margin tomentose, white, inrolled; in structure 600-
800 /i thick, with the hyphae hyaline, even, thick-walled, 3|-4 /x
in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate, loosely inter-
woven in the outer surface of the reflexed part, densely inter-
woven and longitudinally arranged in the middle region of
that part and near the substratum, then curving outward and
ascending to form the subhymenium and hymenium; all
organs in subhymenium clothed with lateral prongs ; para-
physes hyaline, some with outer end racemosely branched,
6-7 /i in diameter over branches, with the branches clothing
the sides of the paraphyses for about 40-45 /i, and others with

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. IX

187

outer end even and lateral prongs present at lower level of
hymenium; basidia clavate, up to 100x12-15 fi, with 4 prom-
inent sterigmata about 15 /x long; spores hyaline, unequi-
lateral, apiculate, minutely echinulate, 20-25x12-15 /x.

Fig. 4. A. apiculatus. Flexuous paraphyses, f; paraphysea
with aculeate prongs, a; basidium, b; and spores, s. X870.

Fructifications 2^10 cm. long, 6-15 mm. broad, with re-
flexed margin 1-1^ mm. broad.

On bark of pole of frondose wood on ground at 5,000 ft.
altitude, and on dead limbs. Jamaica, Porto Eico, and Gre-
nada. November.

Until microscopic examination of the sections was made,
the collections were regarded as consisting of large specimens
of A. Oakesii, which this species resembles in aspect but from
which it differs in spore characters and in the absence of mo-

[Vol. 5

188

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

niliform paraphyses. The collections from Porto Rico and

Grenada are probably rather immature, for many of their

spores are even.

Specimens examined:

Jamaica: Cinchona, F. S. Earle, 401, N. Y. Bot. Gard., Plants
of Jamaica, type.

Porto Rico: Vieques Island, Campo Cieto to Ensenada
Hondo, J. A. Shafer, 3048 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55453).

Grenada: Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Far-
low, 6.

5. A. candidus (Schw.) Burt, n. comb.
Thelephora Candida Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig
Schrif t. 1 : 110. 1822 ; Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1 : 189. 1828.—
Thelephora candidissima Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans.
N. S. 4 : 167. 1832. — Stereum candidum (Schw.) Fries, Epicr.
552. 1838; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 585. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 27 : 200. 1890.

Type: in Herb. Schweinitz, Herb. Fries, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications scattered, re-
supinate, adnate, at first convex
and orbicular, soon expanded,
flattened, following the inequal-
ities of the bark, white, pruinose,
the margin thick, entire, blacken-
ing underneath ; in structure 800
/x thick, somewhat stratose, com-
posed of densely arranged, sub-
erect, interwoven, heavily in-
crusted, hyaline hyphae 2-3 n in
diameter under the incrustation,
of which much of the matter is
large, angular, crystalline grains ;
hymenium composed of clavate basidia 45-60x10-15 fi, and
of thin-walled, hyaline, flexuous, incrusted, hyphal paraphyses
with tips bushy, somewhat corymbosely branched, branches
2-3 fi in diameter under their incrustation, not moniliform
and noteworthy, as are the hyphae, by the large amount of

Fig. 5
A. candidus.
Granule-bearing paraphyses, g,
after removal of the granular mat-
ter by HCl; spores of type, s.
X870.

191S]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. IX 189

crystalline matter attached to them — often by only a corner
or small end of the crystal ; spores hyaline, even, subglobose,
15-17x11-14 /i.

Fructifications usually 3-6 mm. in diameter, sometimes
1-2 cm.

On bark of trunks of living oaks, rarely on ash and maple.
New York to Florida, westward to Missouri, in California,
Mexico, and Jamaica. August to January.

This species resembles A. disciformis of Europe very
closely in aspect but differs from it in being chalk-white, in
having the margin blackening on the under side, in being
thicker, somewhat zonate within, containing much more crys-
talline matter, and in having thinner-walled, slenderer, more
hyphal-like, and more heavily incrusted paraphyses which are
not at all moniliform at the tips. The spores may prove
minutely rough-walled ; winter collections of this species are
desirable.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 1206; Ell. & Ev., N. Am.

Fungi, 3208, under the name Stereum acerinum; Ell. & Ev.,

Fungi Col., 605; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 120; Ravenel, Fungi

Car. 1 : 32.
New York : Buffalo, G. W. Clinton.
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, E. A. Rau, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,

1206.
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1104.
West Virginia: Nuttallburg, L. W. Nuttall, two collections,

in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 3208, and in Ell. & Ev., Fungi

Col., 605.
North Carolina: Salem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Fries and in

Curtis Herb.) ; Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4193, 4320;

Chapel Hill, //. R. Totten, comm. by W. C. Coker, Univ. of

N. Car. Herb., 1377a (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9057).
South Carolina: Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi

Am., 120; locality not stated, H. W. Ravenel, Fungi Car.

1:32.
Florida: Sands Key, R. A. Harper, 8 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54526).

[Vol. 5

190

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 121 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 21223).
Ohio: Lancaster, W. A. Kellerman, 284.
Missouri: Creve Coeur, L. 0. OverhoUs, 669 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 4801) ; St. Louis, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44044).
California: Muir Woods, W. A. Murrill, 1155, N. Y. Bot.

Gard. (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55453).
Mexico : Oaxaca, E. W. D. Holway.
Jamaica: Cinchona, W. A. d Edna L. Murrill, 565, N. Y. Bot.

Gard., Fungi of Jamaica.

6. A. strumosus (Fries) Burt, n. comb.
Stereum strumosum Fries (Nov. Symb. Myc. 95), R. Soc.
Sci. Upsal. Actis III. 1 : 111. 1851 ; Berk. & Curtis, Linn, Soc.
Bot. Jour. 10:333. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:586. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 203. 1S90.— Stereum (f)
vitellinum Leveille in Triana & Planchon, Prod. Fl. Novo-
Granat. Crypt. 157. 1863-1867. — Stereum Mancianum Sacc. &

Cub. in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 :
583, 1888. — Aleurodiscus Man-
cianus (Sacc. & Cub.) Patouil-
lard, Soc. Myc. Fr, Bui. 16:
180, 1901,

Type: specimen from Fries
in Kew Herb.

Fructifications resupinate,
adnate, orbicular, scattered,
sometimes confluent and ef-
fused, drying between anti-
mony-yellow and yellow-ocher
at the surface and white within,
the margin rather thick, some-
times free, entire ; in structure
300-500 n thick, rarely stra-
tose, composed of granule-incrusted, thin-walled, hyaline
hyphae, some of which are suberect, 2 /x in diameter under
incrustation, barely visible except by their load of incrusting
grains, interwoven, and apparently branches from the

Fig. G

A. strumosus.

Granule-bearing paraphyses, g, after
removal of the granular matter by
HCl; immature basidium, h; proteid
bodies, pr. X870.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA, IX 191

coarser hyphae; globose organs of proteid reaction, 6-15 n
in diameter, with shriveled or wrinkled surface, are scattered
throughout the fructification; hymenium composed of gran-
ule-incrusted hyphal systems and of presumable basidia
buried among the incrusted hyphae ; such basidia-like bodies
clavate, 60-100x15-20 //, yellow in KHO preparations, simple,
none seen bearing sterigmata ; detached spores hyaline, even,
18-27x12-21 IX.

Fructifications 2-5 mm. in diameter, becoming up to 3 cm.
long by confluence.

On bark of frondose trees. South Carolina to Louisiana,
West Indies, and Mexico to Colombia.

This species may be recognized by its pulverulent, egg-
yellow, orbicular fructifications which are white within and
contain so much granular matter as to render other details of
internal structure obscure and difficult of determination. This
granular matter holds together so as to show that it is in-
crusting matter upon very tenuous, nonstaining hyphal fila-
ments. While I do not doubt that the large, yellow, clavate
organs near the hymenial surface but buried in the granular
matter are immature basidia, still I have npt demonstrated
their sterigmata in the preparations of any of the collections
which have been examined up to the present. The globose
organs show distinctly in stained preparations which have been
heated in dilute HCl to free them of the crystalline matter.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati : Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3 : 28, under the herbarium

name Corticium citrinum Berk. & Rav. but not of Fries.
South Carolina : in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3 : 28 ; Black Oak,

H. W. Ravenel, 1397, under the name Corticium citrinum

(in Curtis Herb.).
Florida: Daytona, R. Thaxter, 52, 62 (in Farlow Herb, and

in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43942 and 43944) ; Ocala, R.

Thaxter, 58 (in Farlow Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

43943).
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 1953.
Jamaica: Morce's Gap, W. A. S Edna L. Murrill, 714, N. Y.

Bot. Gard., Fungi of Jamaica.

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ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Cuba : C. Wright (in Curtis Herb.) ; Alto Cedro, Earle & Mur-
rill, 495; Herradura, Earle d Murrill, 156.

Porto Rico: Bayamon, J. A. Stevenson, 6758 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55058).

Trinidad: Verdant Vale, R. Thaxter, conun. by W. G. Far-
low, 23.

Mexico: probably portion of type (from E. Fries in Kew
Herb.) ; Orizaba, W. A. S Edna L. Murrill, 776 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54608).

Nicaragua: C. Wright, U. S. Northern Pacific Expl. Exp.,
under the name Corticium sulphureum (in Curtis Herb.).

7. A. seriatus (Berk. & Curtis) Burt, n. comb.

Stereum seriatum Berk. &
Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10 :
332. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:
581. 1888.

Type : in Kew Herb, and Curtis
Herb.

Fructifications scattered, re-
supinate, adnate, orbicular or
oblong, sometimes confluent, con-
vex, w^hite, pruinose, becoming
between pinkish buff and deep
olive-butf when old, the margin
adnate, neither free nor elevated ;
in structure 600 ix thick, some-
what stratose, composed of sub-
erect hyphae heavily incrusted
with fine granules and bearing
such granules laterally in adher-
ing masses ; hymenium composed
of basidia and granule-incrusted
hyphal filaments, or paraphyses, which are filiform, thin-
walled, flexuous or spirally twisted, 2 /n in diameter under
the incrustation; basidia 40-50x12 /z, with 4 sterigmata, each
about 9X3 ix; spores hyaline, even, 11-18x9^-13 m; globose
organs of proteid reaction, 6-15 n in diameter, with shriveled

Fig. 7
A. seriatus.

Flexuous and spirally twisted
paraphyses, g, after removal of the
granular matter by HCl; basidium,
b; spores, s; proteid bodies, pr.
X870.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. IX 193

or wrinkled surface, are scattered throughout the fructifi-
cation.

Fructifications of type 2-6x2-4 mm. — 15 fructifications on
an area 4|X2 cm.

On bark of frondose trees. Jamaica and Cuba. October to
January.

In the original description A. seriatus was regarded as al-
lied to A. candidus, but it is much closer to A. nivosus, differ-
ing with the latter from A. candidus by convex surface of
fructification, by margin not at all free nor reflexed, and
by incrusting matter of hyphae not occurring in large crystal-
line grains. All the collections which I have referred to A.
seriatus have been scanty and bearing few spores ; this species
seems distinct from A. nivosus by the absence of clavate or
cylindric gloeocystidia and by having the paraphyses spirally
twisted and usually distinct from their tips to about the base
of the basidia, and by having characteristic globose organs
scattered throughout the sections, such as occur in Corticium
pallidum Bres. and have been regarded and figured by v.
Hohnel & Litschauer as gloeocystidia.^

Specimens examined :
Jamaica: Cinchona, W. A.d Edna L. Murrill, 565, N. Y. Bot.
Gard., Fungi of Jamaica; near Hope Gardens, W. A. Mur-
rill, 20, N. Y. Bot. Gard., Fungi of Jamaica; Troy and
Tyre, W. A. Murrill & TF. Harris, 1106, N. Y. Bot. Gard.,
Fungi of Jamaica.
Cuba: C. Wright, 283, type (in Curtis Herb.) ; Ceballos, G. J.
Humphrey, 2847 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20202).

8. A. nivosus (Berk. & Curtis) v. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad.
Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116 : 808. pi. 4. /. 2. 1907.

Stereum acerinwtn var. nivosum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea
1 : 165. 1873 (lacks description but refers to specimen in
Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2 : 37) ; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 588. 1888.

Type : type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2 : 37, under
the name Stereum acerinum.

Fructifications small, resupinate, adnate, circular or oblong,
convex at first, becoming plane, white, the margin thick, de-

^K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116 : 838. test f. 20. 1907.

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ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

terminate, adnate ; in structure 200-250 n thick, not stratose,
composed of erect, interwoven, thin-walled, hyaline hyphae
about 2 /x in diameter, bearing a large amount of incrusting
granular matter; hymenium consisting of basidia, gloeo-
cystidia, paraphyses, and many incrusted hyphae; gloeo-

cystidia clavate, hya-
line, even, 18-30x9 m;
paraphyses about 2-3 n
in diameter under the
incrustation, cylindric,
flexuous, more or less
irregular in form, some-
what corymbosely
branched a t surface
of hymenium and
with branches loaded
with crystalline matter ;
basidia clavate, 40-60 X
12-16 n, only rarely
found, with 4 divergent
sterigmata ; spores hya-
line, even, 15-20x12-
16 IX.

Fructifications 3-30

mm. long, about 2-6

mm. broad.

On bark of living trees, common on Juniperus virginiana,

occurs also on Juniperus occidentalis and Chamaecyparis.

Vermont to Texas, westward to Oregon, and in Jamaica.

Throughout the year.

A. nivosus is intermediate between A. candidus and A.
acerinus, differing from the former by thinner and more
elongated fructifications which are not at all stratose within,
by incrusting matter not in the fonn of large, angular, crystal-
line grains, by margin with no tendency to be free nor black-
ening on under side, and by the common occurrence of the
fructification on bark of living red cedar. It differs from A.
acerinus by presence of gloeocystidia, which show best near

Fig. 8. A. nivosus. Granule-bearing para-
physes, g, after removal of the granular matter
by HCl; gloeocystidia, gl; basidium, 6; spores,
s. X870.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OP NORTH AMERICA. IX 195

the substratum, by the corymbosely branched paraphyses, and
by the larger spores. Von HohnePs figures and description of
A. nivosus are incorrect in regard to spores and paraphyses.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2880; Ellis, N. Am.

Fungi, 326; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1207; Eabenhorst, Fungi

Eur., 3647a and b; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 119; Ravenel,

Fungi Car. 2 : 37, type distribution ; Shear, N. Y. Fungi,

52; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 711.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: Cambridge, E. A. Burt; Medford, W. Tre-

lease, 80 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5059) ; Waltham, E. A.

Burt; Waverly, W. A. Setchell.
Connecticut: Norwich, W. A. Setchell.
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, in Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 52;

Orient, R. Latham, 189 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44228).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, 1518, comm. by W. G.

Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.), in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,

326, and in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1207.
Virginia : Woodstock, C. L. Shear, 1194.
South Carolina : H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2 :

37 ; Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 119, and

in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 711; Clemson College, P. H.

Rolfs, 1618.
Florida: Gainesville, N. L. T. Nelson, 95 (in Lloyd Herb.).
Alabama : Spring Hill, C. Mohr, comm. by H. von Schrenk (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43020).
Texas : Austin, W. H. Long, 534.
Ohio: Oxford, L. 0. Overholts, 662 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55445).
Kentucky: Mammoth Cave, C. G. Lloyd, 2560.
Missouri: Perryville, C. H. Demetrio, in Rabenhorst, Fungi

Eur., 3647b.
Arkansas : Batesville, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew,

Fungi Col., 2880.
Kansas: Manhattan, W. A. Kellerman, in Rabenhorst, Fungi

Eur., 3647a, and (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.).

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ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Syst. Myc. 1

453.

^ill»,

Oregon: White Pine, J. R. Weir, 398 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

16266).
Jamaica: Cinchona, F. 8. Earle, 417, N. Y. Bot. Gard., Plants

of Jamaica.

9. A. acerinus (Pers.) v. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien Sitzungsber. 116 : 804. pi 2. /. 6. 1907 ; Bourd. & Galz.
Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28 : 352. 1913.

Corticium acerinum Persoon, Obs. Myc. 1 : 37. 1796;
Romell, Bot. Not. 1895 : 71. ISd^.—ThelepJwra acerina Per-
soon, Syn. Fung. 581. 1801; Myc. Eur. 1 : 152. 1822; Fries,

1821; Hym. Eur. 648. lS74:.—Stereum
acerinum (Pers.) Fries, Epicr.
554. 1838; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 :
587. 1888.

Fructifications scattered, re-
supinate, crustaceous, adnate,
thin, even, white, the margin
abrupt; in structure 45-80 n
thick, consisting of densely ar-
ranged, hyaline, thin-walled,
suberect hyphae about 2-3 /it in
diameter, heavily incrusted,
rising between the basidia to
the surface and terminating in a racemose manner with short,
slender branches, loaded with crystalline matter; basidia
clavate, 30-45X6 /x; spores hyaline, even, 10-12x6-7 y..

Fructifications about 3 mm. in diameter, rarely elongated
up to 10 mm. long, 3 mm. broad.

On bark of trunks of living maple, oak, etc. Vermont to
Texas, westward to Missouri, and in Cuba and Mexico.
Throughout the year.

This species may be recognized by its occurrence in scat-
tered, small, white, circular or oblong fructifications on the
bark of trunks of living white oak, maple, elm, ash, etc. The
smaller spores, racemose paraphyses, and absence of gloeo-
cystidia are structural characters separating the species from
A. seriatus and A. nivosus. Our American collections are

Fig. 9
A. acerinus.
Vertical section of fructification
showing scattered immature basidia
and absence of gloeocystidia, X92;
granule-bearing paraphyses aft«r re-
moval of the granular matter by
HCl. X870.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OP NORTH AMERICA. IX 197

frequently merely a thin mycelium containing a great deal of
incrusting matter and not showing basidia and spores.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 65; Fl. Exs. Austro-

Hungarica, 3152, under the name Corticium calceum;

Eomell, Fungi Scand. Exs., 125, 127.
Sweden : Stockholm, L. Romell, in Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs.,

125, 127.
Austria-Hungary: Peggau, Wettstein, in Fl. Exs. Austro-

Hungarica, 3152; Trento, G. Bresadola.
England : M. J. Berkeley, in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 65.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow; Jaffrey, W. G.

Farlow.
Vermont: Grand View Mt., E. A. Burt; Middlebury, E. A.

Burt.
New York: G. F. Atkinson, 7987; Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1302,

1305; Buffalo, G. W. Clinton, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr.

Herb.; East Galway, E. A. Burt; Ithaca, L. A. Zimm, 90

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9061), G. F. Atkinson, 22964;

Orient, R. Latham, 59 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44234) ;

Vaughns, 8. H. Burnham, 11 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44106).
Pennsylvania: State College, L. 0. Overholts & A. S. Rhoads,

comm. by L. 0. Overholts, 3143 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5720).
Maryland: Plummers Island, C. L. Shear, 1183; Takoma

Park, C. L. Shear, 1070.
North Carolina: Chapel Hill, H. R. Totten, conmi. by W. C.

Coker, Univ. of N. Car. Herb., 2020 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

8871).
South Carolina : Clemson College, P. H. Rolfs, 1824.
Florida: Cocoanut Grove, R. Thaxter, 89 (in Farlow Herb.,

and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43913); Palm Beach, R.

Thaxter, 9 (in Farlow Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

43925).
Alabama : Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 64 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 15119).
Mississippi: Hattiesburg, C. J. Humphrey, 5442.

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ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Louisiana : Baton Rouge, Edgerton S Humphrey , comm. by

C. J. Humphrey, 5600.
Texas: Houston, H. W. Ravenel, 269, comm. by U. S. Dept.

Agr. Herb.
Missouri: Creve Coeur Lake, L. 0. OverhoUs, 3168 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 5707).
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. S Edna L. Murrill, 331 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54502) ; Orizaba,

W. A. d Edna L. Murrill, 776 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54613).

10. A. botryosus Burt, n. sp.

Type : in Burt Herb.
Fructifications resu-
pinate, effused, adnate,
scattered, becoming con-
fluent, at first white
and very thin, finally
thicker, cracking in dry-
ing and sometimes pale
olive-buff, the margin
thinning out, pruinose;
in structure 150-200 fi
thick, composed of
erect, crowded hyphae,
gloeocystidia, basidia,
and short, erect, bottle-
brush branches similar
to the paraphyses;
hyphae hyaline, even,
thin-walled, with ir-
regular outlines, 2 /u in
diameter; gloeocystidia usually near the substratum, cylin-
dric, flexuous, 80x6-7 /i, or sometimes clavate, 45x12-16
/x; basidia clavate, about 40X12 /x, with 4 divergent sterig-
mata 15 n long, 3-4 ju in diameter at base; spores hyaline,
even, 13-15x9-11 ai; paraphyses with tips racemose and the
short lateral prongs minutely globose at the end; racemose
portions 10-15x3-4^ n over branches; similar racemose

Fig. 10. A. botryosus. Racemose para-
physes, br; gloeocystidia, gl; basidium, b; and
Bpores, s. X870.

1918]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. IX 199

branches are more or less abundant through the whole of the
fructification.

Fructifications at first 2-3x1-1^ mm., becoming confluent
over areas 3-8 cm. X 5-10 mm.

On dead stems of Ruhus and Vitis. Massachusetts, Mary-
land, and Mexico. November to April. Rare.

This species closely resembles in aspect and general details
of structure an authentic specimen of A. cerussatus in my
herbarium, but differs from the latter species chiefly in hav-
ing bottle-brush organs not confined to the hymenial surface
but distributed through the whole thickness of the fructifica-
tion; other less important differences are slightly larger
spores and basidia and much larger sterigmata, and less
widely effused fructifications. A. hotryosus resembles A.
nivosus somewhat in aspect but differs from it by having
bottle-brush paraphyses. Thelephora albidocarnea Schw.,
originally collected on Vitis and to which I have referred in
ray herbarium two scanty collections on Vitis, has aspect very
similar to A. hotryosus, but sectional preparations of T. albi-
docarnea do not show gloeocystidia and apparently have much
smaller basidia and spores. T. albidocarnea should receive
consideration when collections resembling A. botryosus are
made on Vitis.

Specimens examined:
Massachusetts; Sharon, A. P. D. Piguet, two collections (in

Farlow Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54774, 55277).
Maryland : Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1025, type, 1127, and

1357.
Mexico : Jalapa, W. A.S Edna L. Murrill, 320 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54497).

11. A. cremeus Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, effused, adnate, convex at first,
then confluent and plane, drying cracked and cream-buff, the
margin thick and entire; in structure 600-800 n thick, con-
taining much crystalline matter arranged in layers, with
hyphae suberect, interwoven ; hymenium composed of clavate
basidia, bottle-brush paraphyses 6-7 /x in diameter, and of

[VOL.6

200

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

clavate, even-walled paraphyses 6 n in diameter with the tip
more or less constricted to form a single moniliform body;
gloeocystidia few, inconspicuous, clavate or cylindric, jQex-

uous, 30-45x5-6 n; no basidia with sterig-
mata observed; probable spores imbedded
in hymenial surface, spherical, even, hya-
line, 9 /i in diameter.

Fructifications at first 2-5 mm. long,
about 1-2| mm. broad, becoming confluent
into masses 5 cm. long, 1-1^ cm. broad.

On decorticated dead wood of Quercus
Gambelii. New Mexico. September.

A. cr emeus belongs in the group with
A. botryosKrS, A. cerussatus, and A. pen-
icillatus but is much thicker than these
and differs in its other characters as enum-
erated. A. croceus Pat., of Ecuador, dif-
fers by reflexed margin, larger and ovoid
spores, and absence of paraphyses with
moniliform tips.
Specimens examined:
New Mexico: Cienega Canyon, W. H. Long, 21528, type (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55128).

12. A. tenuis Burt,
n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and in Lloyd
Herb.

Fructifications resupi-
nate, effused, very thin,
white, pruinose, the mar-
gin entire; in structure
60-90 /i thick, composed
of two kinds of densely

arranged, erect organs ^^

which start from the sub- a. tenuis.

stratum and extend to SUr- Paraphyses before treatment with KHO,

/. o -, . /-I \ 6^; immature basidia, 6: and spores, s.

face or hymenium — (1) x870.

Fig. 11
A. cremeus.

Bottle - brush para-
physis, 6r; other
paraphyses, m; gloeo-
cystidium, gl. X870.

1918]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. IX 201

bushy, branched, cylindric, bottle-brush paraphyses about
4| /JL in diameter over prongs, uniformly clothed for their
length with such lateral outgrowths which are disorganized
and dissolved by KHO solution but not affected by dilute
hydrochloric acid nor lactic acid, and (2) deeply staining,
cylindric organs usually 4^5 n in diameter, sometimes clavate
and then up to 9 /x in diameter; spores hyaline, even, 12-15 X
9-12 li.

Fructifications 1-1^ cm. broad, 7 cm. long, and broken at
both ends.

On small dead twigs of frondose wood. Cuba. March.

This species may be recognized at the time of collection by
its snow-white color, very thin fructification which resembles
a thin Corticium, and occurrence along one side of small dead
twigs of frondose species; the small, even spores and bushy
paraphyses whose bottle-brush outer surface is disorganized
by treatment of preparation with KHO solution afford good
distinctive microscopical characters. Mature basidia, when
found, may show that this species belongs in Sehacina rather
than in Aleurodiscus — a view which seems the more probable
because of the peculiar effect of KHO solution upon the
paraphyses.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. G. Lloyd, 421, 422, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55178, 55179 respectively).

13. A. penicillatus Burt, n. sp.

Type : in Burt Herb.

Fructification resupinate, effused, adnate, cracking in dry-
ing, pale ochraceous-buff at first, becoming between light buff
and pinkish buff in the herbarium, the margin determinate;
in structure about 200 /j thick, composed of loosely interwoven,
suberect, hyaline hyphae 3 /i in diameter, occasionally nodose-
septate, not incrusted ; hymenium composed of large, clavate
basidia about 75x18 n, with large sterigmata, and of flexuous
paraphyses about 6 /x in diameter, of several forms, of which
the most noteworthy have about the obtuse apex a cluster of
about 12 acicular branches, each about 4 n long; spores hya-

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202

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

line, minutely echinulate, subglobose, 15-18 n, or rarely 20 /x,
in diameter.

Fructifications at first about 2-3 mm. in diameter, then
laterally confluent into patches up to 10 cm. long and 2 cm.
broad.

On stem and twigs of dead standing seedling oi Pseudotsuga

taxifolia and on limbs
of Tsuga heterophylla
on the ground. Idaho,
Washington, and Ore-
gon. September and
October. Rare.

This species is so thin
and widely effused that
it is likely to be re-
garded as a Corticium
until examined with a
microscope. If sought
for especially it could
probably be recognized
when collected by its
buff color and occur-
rence upon western
Tsuga and Pseudotsuga, The minutely echinulate, globose
spores, brush-shaped paraphyses occurring between ordi-
nary flexuous paraphyses, and the thin fructification wholly
destitute of crystalline and granular matter are a good
combination of characters separating A. penicillatus from
other resupinate species.

Specimens examined :
Idaho : Priest River, J. R. Weir, 109, 129 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 10811 and 12721).
Washington : Hoquiam, C. J. Humphrey, 6384; Sequim, J. M.
Gramt, comm. by Mrs. F. W. Patterson (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 8936).
Oregon : Eugene, C. J. Humphrey, 6084, type.

Fig. 13
A. penicillatus.
Brush paraphyses, hr; other paraphyses, p;
basidium 6. X870.

191S]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA, IX 203

14. A. Weirii Burt, n. sp.
Type : in Burt Herb.

Fructification resupinate, broadly effused, adnate, glabrous,
becoming cracked into small polygonal masses, drying car-
tridge-buff, the margin thinning out; in structure 200-900 ^

thick, composed of thin-walled, irregu-
lar, hyaline hyphae 2 /x in diameter,
which bear laterally here and there
short, erect branches with ovoid body
15x4-4| /x, from which radiate 6-12
prongs, each 4rA^ n long, and constitute
the paraphyses at surface of the
^^^ ?*.. hymenium; basidia with sterigmata not

Cockroach-shaped para- f ouud ; sporcs hyaline, minutely echinu-
physes, c; somewhat simi- jate, subglobose, 6x5-6 jLt in one speci-

lar hyphal branches Irom 7 <-> .

interior of section, hr; im- men, 10-12 XS-IO^ ju in another.

ma^ure^basidium, 6; spore, FrUCtificatioU 1-3 Cm. loUg, 1-2 Cm.

broad on bark; 8-10 cm. long, 2-3 cm.
broad on decorticated wood — broken off at one end and along-
one side in the latter specimens.

On rotting wood of Abies grandis and Thuja plicata and on
bark of Larix occidentalis. Idaho and British Columbia.
August and September.

A. Weirii has the aspect of a widely effused Corticium, but
it is distinguished from any Corticium of similar aspect by
the minutely echinulate spores; the cockroach-shaped para-
physes distinguish this species from other species of Aleuro-
discus.

Specimens examined:
Idaho : Priest River, J. R. Weir, 70, type, and 389 (the latter

in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 12249).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, J. R. Weir,
459, 490 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8768 and 21980 re-
spectively).

(To be continued.)

The Thelephoraceae of North
America. X

Hymenochaete

EDWABD ANGUS BtTBT

Reprinted from Annaxs of the Missoxnii Botanical
Garden 5 : 301-372. November, 1918

THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X^

Hymenochaete
edward angus burt

Mycologist and Librarian to the Missouri Botanical Garden

Professor in the Henry Shaw School of Botany of

Washington University

HYMENOCHAETE

Hymenochaete Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5 : 150.
1846; Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:333. 1868;
Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 145. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 588. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 95. 1890 ; Engl. & Prantl,
Nat. Pflanzenfam. (1:1**): 121. 1898.

Fructifications coriaceous to hard, of varied form from
stipitate to resupinate; hymenium even or rarely granular,
containing slender, somewhat conical, colored setae between
the basidia; basidia simple; spores hyaline, even.

There is no type species, for this genus is a fine example of
basing the generic conception upon a group of thelepho-
raceous species, some stipitate, some dimidiate, some reflexed,
and some resupinate, which agree in having setae in the
hymenium.

In addition to the distinctive morphological character of
elongated, conical setae in the hymenium, there is also a chem-
ical substance in the tissue of all the species of Hymenochaete
which I have studied, that causes an immediate darkening of
sections when dilute potassium hydrate is brought in contact
with them. This darkening is so great as to make the sec-
tions too opaque for study if more than a mere trace of this
usually useful reagent is employed to swell the sections. One
has to use instead lactic acid to have the sections remain clear
enough to show their fine structural details. The greatly
elongated, colored cystidia and conducting organs which are
present in the deeper tissue and curve into, or even protrude
above, the hymenial surface in some species of Stereum, as,
for example, S. umhrinum, S. abietinum, S. glaucescens, etc.,

^ Issued December 23, 1918.
Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., VOL. 5, 1918 (301)

rs^oL. 5

302 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

have been confused by some authors with setae and have led
to the publication of several such species under Hymenochaete.
Istvanffii has shown that there is a fundamental difference
between such organs and the conical, pointed setae which are
characteristic of Hymenochaete. In any doubtful case which
the student may meet it would be well to aid conclusion by the
color reaction with solution of potassium hydrate already
mentioned. In my experience the dimensions of setae are not
sufficiently constant to hardly more than grade these organs
as large, medium, and small.

According to our present knowledge, Hymenochaete attains
its greatest development both in form and in number of
species in the western continent where it culminates in a small
group of indigenous stipitate species. Temperature condi-
tions are important in the geographical distribution of the
species of this genus ; this is shown by the long east and west
range across North America of common species, in compari-
son with the much shorter north and south range. Further-
more, Hymenochaete is a genus of tropical species rather than
of the cooler portion of the north temperate zone, for in con-
trast with the 29 species occurring from the Gulf States to
Brazil only 13 species are known north of the latitude of Vir-
ginia, and from Europe perhaps 9 species, of which 6 are well
known.

Original descriptions of the species of Hymenochaete have
required considerable modification with regard to characters
referring to form, because they were based upon too limited
an amount of material. In the case of species of Thelepho-
raceae growing on prostrate logs, the inclination of the sub-
stratum at the point of attachment and the position of the
substratum as to whether over or under the fructification are
important in determining the habit and form of the fructifica-
tion. For example, a species present in quantity on a log
slightly raised above the ground will often show fine resu-
pinate specimens on the under side of the log ; about an eighth
of a circumference up the side of the log the upper margin
is reflexed, becoming longer reflexed and with a shorter resu-

^ Physiologische Anatomic der Pilze. Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. 29 : 410. 1896.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 303

pinate base as the fungus occurs higher on the side of the log ;
beyond one-fourth of a circumference upward from the bottom
of the log, umbonate-sessile, dimidiate, and flabelliform speci-
mens are frequently collected. I have a fine campanulate
specimen of Stereum fasciatum which I found on the top of
a log surrounded by this species. For these reasons the form
of fungi growing on prostrate logs is not as reliable a char-
acter as it is in case of species growing on the ground or in
the case of a flowering plant, and a student having in hand
only a resupinate or only a flabelliform fructification from
some herbarium must not be too confident that the respective
species are always resupinate or always flabelliform.

The degree of differentiation in structure of the fructifica-
tion of Hymenochaete has not been used in systematic work
heretofore, so far as I am aware. Such structure affords,
however, constant, positive, fundamental characters of easy
determination. In the simplest condition of the fructification
in this genus, only a setigerous layer is present, in the next
degree higher of development, a hyphal layer connects the
setigerous layer with the substratum or may be extended from
the substratum as the upper surface of the pileus ; in a still
more highly developed condition, the hyphal layer is differ-
entiated into an intermediate layer and a denser and dark
zone, and usually into a second hyphal layer adnate to the sub-
stratum or forming the surface of the pileus.

Key to the Species

Fructifications in preparations of sections show at least both a setiger-
ous layer and a hyphal layer destitute of setae 1

Fructifications lack a hyphal layer, i. e., have the setigerous layer seated

directly on the substratum 16

Fructifications dimidiate or flabellate, of unknown structure .... 37. H. pallida
1, Not stratose, i. e., consisting of but one setigerous layer of more or less

thickness and of a hyphal layer 2

1. Stratose, composed of two or more strata, of which each consists of a

setigerous layer and a hyphal layer 0

2. Hyphal layer simple and homogeneous throughout, i. e., not with
a portion differentiated as an internal or bordering, conspicuously

denser and darker zone 3

2. Hyphal layer not simple but differentiated into an intermediate
layer and at least a bordering, denser and darker zone on the
side towards the substratum or upper surface of the reflexed

part 9

3. Fructification stipitate, erect; stem with two or more short branches

at or near its apex and each bearing an expanded pileus. .1. H. damaecomis

[Vol. 5
304 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

3. Old, dark, zonate specimens of above *Stage H. formosa

3. Fructification stipitate, erect; stem bearing a single reniform pileus. . . .

2. H. reniformis

3. Not stipitate, but resupinate, or with pileus reflexed or sessile 4

4. Always resupinate so far as known yet. Guard against locating
here the first-stratum stage of the stratose species and resupinate

stages of reflexed species of the H. aspera group 5

4. Reflexed or dimidiate; resupinate specimens of H. Cacao and B.
aspera have been found and perhaps may yet be found for the

other species in this group 7

5. Fructification clay-color to antique brown, 100-140 fi thick, with hyphae
loosely interwoven, suberec-t, 3-4 fj. in diameter; setae 30-75X6-8 n,
scattered in the outer half of fructification; on Corylus, Ostrya, and

Vaccinium 18. H. arida

5. Hyphal layer very thin usually and may be overlooked unless substratum
is included in the sections; setigerous layer up to 500 (i or more thick,
zonate; causes a pocketed rot of wood; in Cuba, Venezuela, and

Brazil 19. H. unicolor

5. Hyphal layer 1-2 mm. thick, very compact; setae few, 70-90X9 fi, start-
ing from the dark subhymenium; parasitic on living limbs of Alnus,

Benzoin, etc., where they rub together 20. H. agglutinans

6. Not cracked, antique brown to Brussels-brown, finally 2-6 strata
thick, with the setigerous layers 30-45 ix thick and equalled or

exceeded by the alternating hyphal layers 21. H. cinnamomea

6. Not cracked, antique brown to Brussels-brown, finally up to 15
strata thick; strata with layers thinner than in the preceding
species; paraphyses colored, with branched tips; in Panama

22. H. digitata

6. Cracking in drying, Argus-brown, very compact, finally several
strata thick, with setigerous layers 45-200 fj, thick, and exceeding

the hyphal layers 23. H. spreta

7. Setigerous layer 90 n thick, with setae crowded together in all its parts;

in Cuba, Jamaica, and Venezuela 3. H. Cacao

7. Setigerous layer not more than 60 /x thick 8

8. Pileus rough on the upper side with strigose, matted fibers; hyme-
nium granular like that of Thelephora terrestris; margin with
bright-colored mycelial strands; in Cuba, Jamaica, and Venezuela

^. H. aspera

8, Pileus bay, sericeous, becoming somewhat zonate, radially plicate;
margin lobed, often proliferous, yellow ocher; setae very large,

90-120X12-15 n; in Jamaica and Guiana 5. H. Berkeleyana

8. Pileus Argus-brown above and beneath, concentrically sulcate and
somewhat zonate and shining above, very thin and papery; setae
65-90 X9-10J /J.; in South Carolina and the West Indies to Chile

6. H. Sallei

8. Pileus Brussels-brown to cinnamon-brown, radiately fibrillose with
adnate fibrils, concentrically ridged; hymenium snuff -brown;
setae 60-90x7^-10 m; from Ontario to New Jersey. . . .7. H. borealis

9. Setigerous layer not more than 50 fi thick 10

9. Setigerous layer more than 50 n thick 13

10. Always resupinate so far as known. Compare also H. Curtisii and

H. rigidulu, which are sometimes resupinate 11

10. Usually reflexed or dimidiate, sometimes resupinate 12

11. Hymenium Isabella-color to tawny olive, cracked, margin somewhat
sulphur-yellow; the adnate, bordering, dark zone next to substratum

absent in some places; from Alabama to Mexico 2It. H. epichlora

11. Hymenium between wood-brown and Saccardo's umber; intermediate
layer, connecting dark zone, and hyphal layer adnate to substratum are

present ; in Cuba 25. H. dura

12. Becoming narrowly reflexed, Benzo-brown, rather rigid; hymenium
Benzo-jjrown ; setae crowded together in all parts of the setigerous
layer; in Cuba and Venezuela 8. H. rigidula

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 305

12. Resupinate or reflexed, drying pliant, antique brown; hymenium
velvety, antique brown ; setae few and usually far apart,
60-70X6-8 fi; Massachusetts to Texas and westward to Oregon

9. H. Curtisii

12. Dimidiate and imbricated, or effuso-reflexed, concentrically sulcate,
Argus-brown, pliant; hymenium buckthorn-brown; setae few and

far apart, 30 X 5-6 /i ; Porto Rico to Venezuela and Guiana

10. H. luteo-badia

13. Always resupinate so far as known yet. Compare H. tabacina and H.

rubiginosa which are frequently resupinate 14

13. Usually reflexed or dimidiate, sometimes resupinate 15

14. 200-700 fi thick, tawny olive to Brussels-brown, separable from the
substratum ; a narrow, dark zone divides the hyphal layer into an
intermediate layer and a broad layer attached to the substratum;

Arkansas to Mexico and in Cuba 26. H. leonina

14. 120-260 fi thick, fulvous ; lower dark zone is adnate to substratum ;

cystidia present; in Louisiana and Jamaica 27. H. fulva

14. 120-240 /i thick, between Verona-brown and cinnamon-drab, slightly

glaucous, adnate; lower dark zone bordering the intermediate

layer is adnate to substratum ; paraphyses colored, with pinnatifid

tips; Georgia to Mexico, and in Cuba and Jamaica. .28. H. pinnatifida

15. Usually reflexed, sometimes resupinate, thin, sericeous, and antique

brown at first, finally glabrous and deep brownish drab, the margin and

intermediate layer orange-yellow; hymenium snuff-brown to sepia,

deeply cracked in resupinate portions into radiating systems, about

one system for each centimeter of area; common throughout Canada

and United States 11. H. tabacina

15. Fructifications imbricated, conchiform, umbonate-sessile, or reflexed,
sericeous, lineate-radiate, becoming variegated with concentric brown
zones; closely related to H. tabacina but not cracking into radiating

systems; found on vertical surfaces; Canada to Carolina

12. E. badio-ferrugmea

15. Reflexed, sometimes resupinate, coriaceous-rigid, thick, concentrically
sulcate, Brussels-brown, becoming fuscous-black, the margin ochraceous-
tawny; hymenium colliculose, bister, with conspicuous setae; Canada
to Mexico and westward to the Pacific, and in Porto Rico.iS. H. rubiginosa
15. Broadly reflexed, coriaceous-rigid, shallowly concentrically sulcate,
zonate, Prout's brown; hymenium even, Sudan-brown; setigerous layer
zonate, 300-400 /x thick, having scattered setae 35-40 X 4 J-5 fi; in

Jamaica IJf. B. reflexa

15. Imbricated, flabelliform, dimidiate, umbonate-sessile, or reflexed, thin,
pliant when dry, concentrically sulcate, becoming snuff-brown to Rood's
brown; hymenium even, antique brown; setigerous layer 80-100 fi thick,

having setae 35-45X4^-6 p.; in Cuba and Porto Rico 15. H. cubensis

16. Fructifications somewhat hoof-shaped, sessile, with a black, hard
crust on the upper side; hymenium w^hitish, 3 mm. thick, zonate

within ; in Mexico 16. H. ungulata

16. Fructification with upper edge sometimes barely reflexed, and
black; hymenium drab, 400-1000 fi thick; growing on bark of
living trunks of oak, elm, etc.; New Jersey to Florida and in

the West Indies 17. H. corticolor

16. Always resupinate so far as kno^vn 17

17. Setae crowded, 27-45 X4i-5 /*; hymenium cinnamon-brown to Prout's

brown; in Cuba and Jamaica 29. H. multisetae

17. Colorless, incrusted cystidia and colored setae present, the setae about
30X4J /It, only rarely emergent; hymenium vinaceous-buff ; in Cuba..

SO. H. anomala

17. Having setae larger than 27-45 X4A-5 /i and not having cystidia 18

18. Cinnamon-brown to bister and Rood's brown, cracked into small
4-6-sided areas, 150-500 fi thick; setae 60-70X8-12 fi. starting in
all parts of the fructification; Canada to Texas, westward to
Kentucky, and in Jamaica 31. H. corrugata

[Vol. 5
306 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

18. Tawny olive, not cracked, up to 90 /t thick; setae 60-90X9-12 n,
all starting from the dark zone next to the substratum; Ver-
mont to Pennsylvania and Illinois 32. H. episphaeria

18. Dresden-brown, differs in structure from H. episphaeria by having
spores 7-9 X3i fi and by containing crystalline masses 12-15 n
in diameter; in Louisiana and Cuba 33. H. cervina

18. Between bister and Vandyke-brown, slightly velvety when young,
becoming glabrous, cracked, 200-300 /x thick, dark and opaque;
setae 50-90X8-10 fi, starting in all parts of the fructification;
in Jamaica S-i- S. opaca

18. Raw umber to mummy-brown, somewhat cracked, 30-75 /* thick;
setae 36-45X5-7 n; on Thuja and Tsuga; Vermont to Florida
and in British Columbia 35. H. tenuis

18. Bister to warm sepia, somewhat colliculose, not cracked; 150-200 /i
thick; setae abundant, 60-75X8-9 fi, starting in all parts of the
fructification; with general aspect of resupinate E. rubiginosa but
thin and adnate; in Vermont, Maryland, Ohio, and Kentucky
36. H. fuliginosa

Arrangement of the Species

I. Stipitate species 1- 2

II. Dimidiate, umbonate-sessile and reflexed species, many of which occur
resupinate.

a. Hyphal layer not differentiated into an intermediate layer proper

and a bordering, denser, dark zone on its upper side 3-7

b. Hyphal layer differentiated into an intermediate layer and at

least a bordering, denser, dark zone on its upper side.

* Setigerous layer not more than 50 fi thick 8-10

** Setigerous layer more than 50 fi thick 11-15

c. No hyphal layer 16-17

III. Resupinate species, none of which occur reflexed.

a. Hyphal layer not differentiated into an intermediate layer proper

and a bordering, denser, dark zone on the side towards the sub-
stratum.

* Not stratose 18-20

** Stratose 21-23

b. Hyphal layer differentiated into an intermediate layer and at

least a bordering, denser, dark zone on the side towards the

substratum.

Setigerous layer not more than 50 m thick 24-25

Setigerous layer more than 50 /x thick 26-28

c. No hyphal layer — setigerous layer seated directly on the sub-
stratum. No. 17 is nearly always resupinate.

* Setae small, 27-45X4^-5 fi 29

Both setae and colorless, incrusted cystidia present 30

Setae larger than 27-45X4^-5 /i and not having cystidia. . 31-36

IV. Dimidiate, somewhat flabellate species whose structure is not known. . . 37

1. Hymenochaete damaecornis Link ex Leveille, Ann. Sci.
Nat. Bot. III. 5 : 151. 1846; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 589. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 96. 1890. Plate 16, fig. 1.

Stereum damicorne Link, Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin
Mag. 3 : 40. 1809; Fries, Epicr. 546. 1838; R. Soc. Sci. Upsal.
Actis III. 1 : 109. 1851 ; Lloyd, Letter 46 : 6. 1913.— Thelephora
damaecornis Link ex Fries, Linnaea 5 : 524. 1830. — Eymeno-

«»

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OP NORTH AMERICA. X 307

chaete formosa Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5 : 151. 1846.
— An Thelephora speciosa Fries, Linnaea 5 : 525. 1830?

Fructifications with several to many pilei borne on very
short branches of a common central stem at or near its apex ;
stem cylindric, velutinous with setae, hazel to Brussels-brown;
pilei coriaceous, thin, expanded, drying strongly inrolled, even
or sometimes rugose, silky and antique brown when young,
finally glabrous except for setae which are scattered over the
upper surface and more abundant towards the stem, bister,
and sometimes concentrically zonate with narrow dark zones
near the margin; hymenium a little darker than the upper
surface, Front's brown to Mars brown, abundantly and con-
spicuously setulose; in structure 200-500 ^ thick, composed
of a setigerous layer up to 150 ii thick and of a hyphal
layer constituting the remainder and not bordered on either
side by a dense, dark zone; setae 90-150x9-15 /x, emerging
up to 60 n, tapering upward from the base, starting from all
parts of the setigerous layer; spores hyaline, even, 5-5^ X

Fructifications 3-15 cm. high, l|-3 cm. broad; individual
pilei 1-1^ cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad; stem 2-14 cm. long, 2-3
mm. in diameter in dried specimens not cited under H. formosa
on a following page.

On roots of trees and among leaves in thick woods. West
Indies and Mexico to Brazil. October to March.

H. damaecornis exhibits wide variation in the dimensions
of its fructifications and in the number of pilei which are
borne on the central stem; the short branches of the latter
are somewhat flattened in radial planes with respect to the
central stem if so many pilei are present that some are borne
along the sides of the stem below the terminal cluster. Where
only four pilei are present in a symmetrical terminal cluster,
there is bifurcation of the main stem into two flattened
branches, and of these again into the more broadly flattened
bases of the individual pilei. There is often a curious twist-
ing of the end of the branch and base of the pileus through
an angle of 90 degrees to bring the plane of the pileus dorsi-
ventral, if we may compare it with a leaf. In this connection,

[Vol. 5
308 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

the lateral pilei of H. Schomburgkii in Hennings' figure in
Engler & Prantl's 'Nat. Pflanzenf am. ' are perhaps conven-
tional. In the collection made in Jamaica by Murrill and
Harris, 1057, as cited below, there is one old fructification
with pileus dark-colored and obscurely zonate which could be
referred to H. formosa; this fructification is in a cluster of
younger, azonate fructifications. The specimen upon which
Fries based his Thelephora speciosa was evidently a fructi-
fication of H. damaecornis with upper surface of the pilei
bearing more setae than the normal, for he gives its dis-
tinctive character as ''undique velutino" and on the preced-
ing page has described the stem of H. damaecornis as "velu-
tinus, ' ' which we know to be by setae. The specimen collected
by Peck in Providence, New York, which is cited in Sacc.
'Syll. Fung.' as the northern station of Hymenochaete
speciosa, has no setae and should not have been referred to
this species. I have omitted reference to Plumier, Filic. Am.
pi. 168. figs. H, K, as illustrations of H. damaecornis, for it is
incredible that the draftsman who executed pis. 1-167 of that
work could have had before him a specimen of H. damaecornis
when he made figs. H and K of pi. 168.

Specimens examined, additional to those cited under H.
formosa:
Cuba: C. Wright, 272 (Curtis Herb.); Sierra Nipe, Oriente,

J. A. Shafer, 3326 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55553).
Jamaica: Mabiss Kiver, L. M. Underwood, 1399, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ; Troy and Tyre, W. A. Murrill S

W. Harris, 1057 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55552, and in Burt Herb.).
Honduras: M. E. Peck (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

* Stage H. formosa Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5 : 151.
1846; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 589. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27 : 96. 1890.— Compare Bresadola, Hedwigia 35 : 289.
1896. Plate 16, fig. 2.

An Hymenochaete Schomburgkii Hennings in Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 9:227. 1891; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf am. (I.
1**) :121. /. 68 F. 1898?

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 309

Illustrations : Broteria 5 : pi. 2. f. 3.

Fructifications with several to many pilei borne on very
short branches of a common central stem at or near its apex ;
stem cylindric, velutinous with setae, hazel to Brussels-brown;
pilei coriaceous, thin, expanded, drying strongly inrolled, even
or sometimes rugose, silky and antique brown when young,
finally glabrous except for setae which are scattered over the
upper surface and more abundant towards the stem, bister,
concentrically zonate, with narrow, dark zones near the
margin; hymenium a little darker than the upper surface,
Prout 's brown to Mars brown, abundantly and conspicuously
setulose; in structure 250-400 /x thick, composed of a setig-
erous layer up to 150 /x thick and of a hyphal layer
constituting the remainder, and not bordered on either side
by a denser dark zone; setae 90-150x9-15 ii, emerging up to
40 /i, tapering upward from the base, starting from all parts
of the setigerous layer; spores not found.

Fructifications 5-8 cm. high, 2-3 cm. broad; individual
pilei up to 2 cm. broad and 2 cm. long in specimens seen ; stem
3-5 cm. long, 2-4 mm. in diameter in dried specimens.

On the ground and buried wood. Guadaloupe and Honduras
to Brazil. October.

I have seen only two collections which seem referable to
H. formosa and the one of these from Honduras contains a
young, bright-colored fructification which affords the details
concerning the young stage given in the body of the above
description and does away with the distinction as to zonation
of pileus upon which Leveille founded H. formosa, the orig-
inal description of which appears to have been based upon
an old form of H. damaecornis at a period in mycological work
when mere form differences were over-emphasized. I give H.
formosa with full description in the hope that more ample
collections may be accumulated which are not confined to a
single stage of development.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati : Rick, Fungi Austro-Am., 10.
British Honduras: M. E. Peck (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55551).

[Vol. 5
310 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Brazil: Sao Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, J. Rick, in Rick,
Fungi Austro-Am., 10.

2. H. reniformis (Fries) Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III.

5 : 151. 1846; Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 145. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6:588. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:96. pi.
5. f. 1. 1890; Romell, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Bihang till
Handl. Afd. III. 26i«: 42. 1901.

Stereum reniforme Fries, Epicr. 546. 1838; R. Soc. Sci.
Upsal. Actis III. 1 : 109. 1851; Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
III. 2 : 210. 1844; Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 10 : 382.
pi. 11. f. 11. 1842.

"S. reniforme, coriaceum, cinnamomeum, pileo dimidiato
reniformi integerrimo zonato, stipite e basi torulosa decum-
bente adscendente, hymenio laevi velutino. In American
calidiori. Eumorphum, subvelutinum. Pileus uncialis."

— Original description of Fries.

In typical specimens of this species a single renif orm pileus
is borne at the apex of the stem. Berkeley, loc. cit., referred
to this species a specimen whose pileus is slightly bilobed,
which he figured, and he noted that the whole fructification was
sprinkled with short, bright, brown setae. Romell describes
the spores as hyaline, obliquely ellipsoidal, 5-6x4 /x.

H. reniformis has been collected several times in Brazil but
not yet in the West Indies or Central America, so far as I
know.

3. H. Cacao Berkeley, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10 : 333. 1868
Linn. Soc. Trans. II. 1 : 403. pi. 46. f. 1-3. 1879; Sacc. Syll
Fung. 6:592. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:100
1890.

Stereum Cacao Berkeley, Hooker's London Jour. Bot. 6
169. 1854.
Illustrations : Linn. Soc. Trans. II. 1 : pi. 46. f. 1-3; Engl.

6 Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (L 1**) : 122. text f. 68 D, E.
Type: in Kew Herb, and a portion in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Fructifications sessile, flabelliform, connate, deeply lobed

and plicate, upper surface velvety, concentrically sulcate,
Brussels-brown; hymenium between fuscous and blackish

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X

311

Fig. 1

H. Cacao.

Section X 68. From type.

brown (3) ; in structure 600 ix thick, composed of a setigerous

layer 90 /x broad and of a hyphal layer 500 /i broad, having

densely arranged, colored hyphae 4^

H in diameter, running longitudinally,

curving on the one side into the

hymenium and on the other into the

surface of the pileus ; setae ventricose

at base, 18x4^5 n, densely crowded

together in all parts of the broad

setigerous layer; spores hyaline,

even, 4x3 /z.

Fructifications 3^ cm. broad, 3 cm. long.

On dead wood. Jamaica, Cuba, and Venezuela. July. Rare.

By the kindness of Sir David Prain, I have been able to
study a portion of the type of H. Cacao collected in the Khasia
Mountains, India ; it has the hymenium olive-drab now but is
of the same form and structure as American specimens. The
American specimens are a rich tobacco-brown with darker
hymenium. This species is noteworthy by having the setae
densely crowded together through a zone 90 /x broad. The
collection by Earle, 406, cited below, seems referable to H.
Cacao on account of the color of the hymenium and structure
in section but it is wholly resupinate.

Specimens examined:
India: Khasia Mts., Dr. Hooker, portion of type comm. by

Sir David Prain (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55559).
Jamaica: Cinchona, F. S. Earle, 406, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and W. J. Robinson (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55481).
Cuba: C. Wright, 526 (in Curtis Herb.).
Venezuela: Fendler (in Curtis Herb.).

4. H. aspera Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10 : 334.
1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 592. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27 : 100. 1890.

An Hydnum resupinatum Swartz, Prodr. 149. 1788; Fl.
Ind. Occ. 3:1921. 1806?— An Thelephora setosa Swartz in
Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 10 : 381. pi. 11. f. 10. 1842?
Not Hymenochaete setosa Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 165.

[VOL. 5

312 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

1873 ; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 538. 1888. — Hydnochaete setosa
(Swartz) Lloyd, Myc. Notes 41:559. text f. 766. 1916.

Illustrations : Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 10 : pi. 11.
f. 10; Lloyd, Myc. Notes 41 : 559. text f. 766.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb., and of Thelephora
setosa in Brit. Mus. Herb.

Fructifications broadly reflexed and with a narrow, resu-
pinate base, or dimidiate, sessile, imbricated, laterally con-
fluent, very thin, drying pliable, with upper surface rough

with coarse, strigose, matted
fibers, very shallowly concen-
trically sulcate ; hymenium gran-

^^^^^^^^^^ ular, snuff-brown; in structure
'Y^ 150-400 fx thick, with a narrow

^^s- 2 setigerous layer consisting of

Seciiou xfs^'^Tpi 16, f. 3. ^he hymenium, and with the

hyphal layer composed of longi-
tudinally arranged, colored hyphae 2 /x in diameter which
curve outward and become interwoven to form the upper sur-
face of the pileus — no dense, dark zones present; setae scat-
tered, 60-75x6 /i, tapering from the base, emerging up to 30
Hy some starting from the subhymenium but mostly from the
hymenium; spores hyaline, even, 3x2 /i as seen on basidia.

Pilei of fructifications 1-2^ cm. long, 1-5 cm. broad, some-
times resupinate on areas up to 5x3 cm.

On dead frondose wood on the ground in forests. Cuba,
Jamaica, and Venezuela. October to March.

H. aspera may be recognized by its thin, pliant pileus, which
is rough on the upper surface with strigose matted fibers, by
granular hymenium which is as granular as in Thelephora
terrestris, and by the short, brighter-colored mycelial strands
which form the resupinate margin.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 211, type (in Curtis Herb.); Alto Cedro,

F. S. Earle, 340, Earle S Murrill, 488, and Underivood &

Earle, 1513, all from N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Ciego de

Avila, Puerto Principe, Earle <& Murrill, 605, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X

313

Fig. 3

H. Berkeleyana.

Section X 44. See pi. 16, f. 5.

5. H. Berkeleyana (Montagne) Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 147.
1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 596. 1888.

Stereum Berkeleyanum Montagne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV.
1 : 140. 1854; Syll. Crypt. 178. 1856.

Type ; authentic specimen in Kew Herb. — probably portion
of type.

Fructifications effuso-reflexed, cespitose-imbricated, often
dimidiate, radiately rugose, sericeous, with the hairs radially
decumbent, bay, becoming somewhat zonate with interrupted
blackish zones, radially plicate,
the margin lobed, sometimes
proliferous, yellow ocher; hy-
menium not rimose, antique
brown; in structure 500-600 n
thick, with the hyphal layer not
bordered on either side by a
dark, dense zone, and com-
posed of closely and longitu-
dinally arranged, colored, very
thick-walled hyphae 3^-4 n in diameter and up to 5 /x on the
upper surface of the pileus; setae scattered, not crowded,
90-120x12-15 fji, emerging 60-75 /x, tapering from the base
upward to a slender point; spores hyaline, even, 6x3| m-

Fructifications with reflexed part 1 cm. broad, 1 cm. long,
laterally confluent into clusters up to 3 cm. broad.

On bark and rotten wood. Jamaica and Guiana. December
and January. Rare.

The general aspect of H. Berkeleyana is suggestive of that
of H. hadio-ferruginea but the former has its pilei more
crowded together than the latter and radially plicate. The
absence of any dark zones bordering the intermediate layer
of H. Berkeleyana sharply separates this species from the
H. tabacina group when sections are examined, and places the
species in the group with H. attemuita and H. Sallei, from
both of which it is distinct by its plicate, more crowded pilei,
covering of the pilei, and larger setae. I had not received
the collections from Jamaica, cited below, when I studied the
authentic specimen from Montagne at Kew, but these later

[Vol. 5
314 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

collections agree so well with the original description and my
preparation of H. Berkeleyana that I regard them as cer-
tainly the same species.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Chester Vale, W. A. S Edna L. Murrill, 371, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Cinchona, W. A. S Edna L.

Murrill, 445, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Guiana: Cayenne, from Montagne (in Kew Herb.).

6. H. Sallei Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10 : 333.
1868; Cooke, Grevillea 8:146. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:
593. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 101. 1890.

Stereum elegantissimum Speggazini, Soc. Cientif. Argen-
tina Anal. 16 : 38. 1883. — Hymenochaete elegantissima
(Speg.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:594. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 27 : 99. 1890. — Stereum tenuissimum Fries, R. Soc.
Sci. Upsal. Actis IIL 1:111. 1851, but not of Berkeley,
Hooker's London Jour. Bot. 6 : 510. 1847. — Hymenochaete
tenuissima Berkeley, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10 : 333. 1868, but
not Stereum tenuissimum Berkeley, Hooker's London Jour.
Bot. 6 : 510. 1847.
Illustrations : Broteria 5 : pi. 2. f. 4. 1906.
Type : in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.
Fructifications very thin, papery, flexible when dry, umbo-
nate-sessile and laterally confluent, or reflexed and imbricated,

at first fibrous on the upper sur-
face, antique brown, soon silky-
fibrous, with the fibers radially ar-
ranged, Argus-brown to auburn,
concentrically sulcate, and at
H. Sallei. length somewhat zonate and shin-

Seetion X 68. From type. ing, the margin lobcd ; hymenium
^ ^ ■ ' * ■ Argus-brown ; in structure 200-

400 IX thick, with the hyphal layer simple, not bordered
by a dark zone, composed of somewhat loosely inter-
woven and longitudinally arranged, thick-walled, colored
hyphae 3|-4^ ix in diameter; setae 65-90 X9-10| /n, emerging
up to 60 /i, starting from the subhymenium which is not ap-

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA, X 315

preciably darker than adjacent tissue; spores hyaline, even,
3-4xli-2i/i.

Fructifications l|-3 cm. in diameter and laterally confluent,
or with reflexed part 1-2^ cm. long, up to 4 cm.., and more,
broad by lateral confluence.

On dead twigs, prostrate limbs, and at base of trees of
frondose species. South Carolina, West Indies, Mexico, and
South America to Paraguay and Chile. September to May.
Common.

Fully developed specimens of H. Sallei may be recognized
by their thin, papery pileus which may be folded without
breaking, which is a rich Argus-brown both on the upper side
and hymenium, and concentrically sulcate, somewhat zonate,
and shining on the upper side also. Collections of young
specimens of this species when first found were referred by
early authors to E. tenuissima, a Ceylon species, of which
good material is now available for comparison in the collec-
tion from Ceylon distributed in Sydow, Fungi Exotici Exs.,
318, and in Elmer, Philippine Island Plants, 9850, both of
which I have compared with a portion of the type communi-
cated by Sir David Prain through the kindness of Miss Wake-
field. The true H. tenuissima has its upper surface clothed
with coarse pubescence, as stated in the original description,
and the fibers of this pubescence do not finally become decum-
bent, radiately arranged, and the surface shining; the
hymenium of H. tenuissima is somewhat radiately rugose and
between Isabella-color and Dresden-brown — not antique
brown.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Balansa, PL du Paraguay, 3916, under the name

Hymenochaete elegantissima; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 718,

under the name Hymenochaete hadio-ferruginea; Rick,

Fungi Austro-Am., 31, under the name Hymenochaete

tenuissima; Smith, Central Am. Fungi, 149, under the name

Hymenochaete tabacina.
South Carolina : Seaboard, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi

Am., 718.
Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 2071.

[Vol. 5
316 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Cuba: C. Wright, 278, type (in Kew Herb, and in Curtis
Herb.), and 531, under the name H. tenuissima (in Kew
Herb.), and 275, under the name H. tenuissima (in Curtis
Herb.) ; Alto Cedro, F. S. Earle, 339, and Earle S Murrill,
514, Underwood <& Earle, 1512, 1569, 5182, all comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ; Artemisa, 0. Ames & R. G. Leavitt,
comm. by W. G. Farlow ; El Yunque, Mt. Baracoa, Under-
wood & Earle, 765, 1235, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ;
La Gloria, Camagiiey, J. A. Shafer, 741 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55509) ; Omaja, C. J.
Humphrey, 2750 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8639) ; Sierra
Nipe, J. A. Shafer, 3375 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55510) ; Tacajo, Nipe Bay, F. 8.
Earle, B.

Porto Kico: Espinosa, J. A. Stevenson, 6373 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55081).

Jamaica : Castleton Gardens, F. 8. Earle, 246, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb. ; Cinchona, W. A, & Edna L. Murrill, 445,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ; Mandeville, A. E. Wight,
comm. by W. G. Farlow; Mansfield, near Bath, Wm. R.
Maxon, comm. by W. G. Farlow, and L. M. Underwood,
2780, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ; Moore Town, W. A.
<& Edna L. Murrill, 162, 1113, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.; Troy and Tyre, L. M. Underwood, 2970, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and W. A. Murrill & W, Harris, 858,
924, 1010, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

St. Kitts: Molyneaux Estate, iV. L. Britton d J. F. Cowell,
338, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Grenada: Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Far-
low, 1.

Mexico: Cordoba, Salle (in Kew Herb.) ; Xuchiles, Cordoba,
W. A. d Edna L. Murrill, 1215 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54606) ; Jalapa, W. A. d Edna
L. Murrill, 190 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54447), and C. L. Smith, in Smith, Central
Am. Fungi, 149; Orizaba, W. A. S Edna L. Murrill, 751,
794 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54630, 54642).

191S]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OP NORTH AMERICA. X

317

Fig. 5

H. borealis.

Section X 68. From type.

See vl' 16, f. 6.

Brazil : Rio Grande do Sul, J. Rick, in Rick, Fungi Austro-

Am., 31.
Paraguay : in Balansa, PI. du Paraguay, 3916 (in Kew Herb.).
Chile: Central Chile, R. P. Nataniel Costes (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44782).

7. H. borealis Burt, n. sp.

Type : in Burt Herb.

Fructifications thin, pliant, imbricated, reflexed, attenuated
towards the base, or umbonate-sessile and attached along one
side, radiately fibrillose, concentrically ridged, Brussels-
brown to cinnamon-brown; hymenium
even, not cracked, snuff-brown; in
structure 240-340 ju thick, with the
setigerous layer 60 ii thick, and with
the hyphal layer not bordered on
either side by a dense, dark zone, and
having its hyphae rather loosely in-
terwoven and longitudinally arranged,
colored, 2^ /x in diameter; setae scat-
tered, 60-90x71-10 ii, emerging up to 60 /x, starting from all
parts of the setigerous layer ; spores hyaline, even, 4-6x2-3 n.

Fructifications 8-12 mm. in diameter, reflexed portion up
to 4 mm. long.

On decorticated frondose wood. Ontario to New Jersey.
October to April. Rare.

E. borealis is distinguished by having a simpler structure
in section than any other of the pileate species which occur
in the north. The absence of dark, dense zones bordering on
an intermediate layer separates it at once from E. badio-
ferruginea. E. attenuata of the East Indies is a closely re-
lated species but the latter has its pileus strigose-hirsute.

Specimens examined:
Ontario: London, J. Dearness, 1017 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55513).
Vermont : Abby Pond, Ripton, E. ^A. Burt, type.
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55503).

[Vol. 5

318

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

8. H. rigidula Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10 :
334. 1868; Cooke, Grevillea 8: 146. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6 : 593. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 99. 1890.

An H. fulvella Berk. & Curtis in Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 148.
1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 598. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27 : 104. 1890? — An H. pulcherrima Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 27 : 104. pi. 5. f. 4. 1890; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9 : 229.
1891 ? — An H. scruposa Massee in Cooke, Grevillea 20 : 11.
1891; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11 : 123. 1895?
Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.
Fructifications resupinate, effused, becoming narrowly re-
flexed, lobed, coriaceous, rather rigid, with the upper surface
of the reflexed part velvety, snuff-brown at first, later Benzo-

brown ; hymenium Benzo - brown,
ochraceous-tawny near the margin;
in structure 300-500 n thick, with the
setigerous layer 30-45 /x broad and
with the intermediate layer compris-
ing most of the thickness of the fruc-
tification and bordered on each side
by a narrow, dense, dark zone, of
which that on the setigerous side is
the less distinct; hyphae of inter-
mediate layer 3—4 /x in diameter,
colored, somewhat interwoven and
longitudinally arranged; setae con-
ical, 30-45x6-8 n, larger ones sometimes found, emerging up
to 30 n, very numerous, starting from all portions of the
setigerous layer; spores probably hyaline, even, 4xl|-2 /x.

Fructifications with reflexed portion ^-1 cm. long, resup-
inate over areas 4x1-1^ cm.

On dead wood and bark of frondose species. Cuba and
Venezuela. March. Eare.

On account of the dark zones bordering its intermediate
layer, R. rigidula belongs in the small group, of which H.
tabacina and H. ruhiginosa are more common examples; it
is distinguishable from all these species by the great number
and crowded arrangement of its setae in the setigerous layer.

H. rigidula.
Section X 68. From type.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 319

a feature which it shares with H. Cacao. H. rigidula differs
from H. Cacao by having its intermediate layer bordered by
a prominent dark zone on its outer side, by being effuso-
reflexed, and with less black in the color of its hymenium. In
dried condition it is more rigid than H. tahacina and the
other species of its group with the exception of H. ruhiginosa,
from all forms of which it may be distinguished at sight by
less conspicuous setae when viewed with a hand lens and by
the much thinner, setigerous layer when sections are ex-
amined. So few spores of H. rigidula have been seen in the
preparations that the spore dimensions given are very doubt-
ful. My belief in the specific identity of H. fulvella is based
upon the similarity of sectional preparations; since noting
this similarity of structure, I have not had an opportunity
to confirm my opinion by placing the original specimens side
by side and comparing them with regard to general aspect. I
did not find H. pulcherrima when I was at Kew, and in reply
to my letter to Miss Wakefield concerning the original Fendler
number for this type. Sir David Prain has written, ' * With re-
gard to H. pulcherrima Mass., the specimen indicated by
Massee as No. 3721a was removed by him from a gathering
of H. fulvella B., the label of which, in Berkeley's handwrit-
ing, is 'Stereum fulvellum B. & C. 173, Venezuela.' Massee
named it on the sheet 'H. scruposa,' but evidently he changed
the name before publishing it." — It seems probable that in
the year following the publication of H. pulcherrima, Cooke
saw the specimen upon which it was based, still labelled with
only the herbarium name H. scruposa Massee and published
the latter. I have studied the specimen in Curtis Herbarium
\sihel\ed''Stereum fulvellum B. & C, Fendler, 173. Venezuela"
and found it to have the characteristic structure of H. rigidula
and H. fulvella and to agree well with the published descrip-
tions of H. fulvella, H. pulcherrima, and H. scruposa.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 529, type (in Kew Herb, and in Curtis
Herb.) ; Herradura, Earle & Murrill, 170, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb. ; San Diego de los Banos, Earle S Mur-
rill, 219, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

[Vol. 5
320 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Grenada : Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow.
Venezuela: Fendler, 175, type of Hymenochaete fulvella (in

Kew Herb.), and 173 (in Curtis Herb., under the name

Stereum fulvellum).

9. H. Curtisii (Berk.) Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist.
Jour. 10 : 197. 1888.

Stereum Curtisii Berkeley, Grevillea 1 : 164. 1873 ; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6 : 581. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 :
195. 1890.

Type : type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3 : 26.
Fructifications at first orbicular, then effused, confluent, be-
coming reflexed, coriaceous, thin, separable, drying pliant, the
upper surface at first silky, fibrillose, somewhat concentrically

ridged, antique brown, becoming
^rfwmf^^;*^^^^ glabrous and hair-brown when old;

hymenium not cracking, velvety,
antique brown; in structure 140-
240 /I thick, with intermediate layer
Fig. 7 bordered by a narrow, dense, dark

o .. ^' Pn^'^^^r*' . zone towards the upper surface of

Section X 68. From type. ^, ., ,, ^\ . . ,,

See pi. 11, f. 9. the pileus or the substratum, the

hyphae densely and longitudinally
arranged, colored, thin- walled, 2^ /x in diameter; setae few
and far apart usually, 60-70x6-8 n, emerging up to 45 ju,
tapering upward to a sharp point ; spores hyaline, allantoid,
6-7Xli-2/x.

Fructifications confluent along under side of limbs for 2-20
cm. or more, l|-2^ cm. broad ; reflexed lobes 5 mm. long, 10-15
mm. broad.

On rotting limbs of Quercus and other frondose species.
Massachusetts to Texas and westward to Oregon — in low alti-
tudes. April to December. Common.

E. Curtisii may be recognized by its rich antique brown
color, thin, pliant, reflexed portions, velvety hymenium which
is not at all cracked, and by the notable scarcity of setae which
cannot be found in the hymenium with a pocket lens and are
sometimes lacking in thin sections in microscopic prepara-

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 321

tions. The geographical range of H. Curtisii overlaps on
the north the southern range of H. tahacina, and it is itself
displaced in the West Indies, Mexico, and further south by
H. Sallei.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2381, 2882, 4290, 4635;

Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 16 ; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 103 ; Eaben-

horst- Winter, Fungi Eur., 3525, under the name Stereum

tabacinum, with note ; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 222, 446 ; Fungi

Car. 3 : 26; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 113.
Massachusetts : Cambridge, L. M. Underwood, 1080 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55542) ;

East Sudbury, A. B. Seymour, T 18 (in Seymour Herb.,

and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 18349).
Connecticut ; Central Valley, J. L. Sheldon, 5, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.
New York: Grand View, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 43024) ; New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park,

Class in Mycology (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55533) ; Staten Island, S. C. Edwards, in

Lloyd Herb., 06902; White Plains, W. H. Ballou (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55032).
New Jersey: from Laning Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5182) ; Forked River, W. E. Ballou, 2; Lakefield, E. A.

Daniels, comm. by H. Webster ; Newfield, J. B. Ellis, comm.

by Lloyd Herb., also (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55534), and

in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 16, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 103,

and in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 113.
Pennsylvania: from Michener Herb., two specimens (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55528, 55529) ; Bethlehem, Schweinitz (in

Herb. Schweinitz, under the name Thelephora leprosa of

Syn. N. Am. Fungi, No. 636) ; Ohio Pyle, W. A. Murrill,

1067 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).
Maryland: Hyattsville, F. L. Scrihner, 83, comm. by U. S.

Dept. Agr. Herb. ; Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1074.
District of Columbia : W. A. Murrill, 1464 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55535) ; Takoma Park,

P. L. Richer, 819.

[Vol. 5
322 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Virginia: TF. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.) ; Arling-
ton, W. H. Long, 12690 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44164) ;
Mt. Vernon, P. L. Richer, 1122; Woodstock, C. L. Shear,
1190.

North Carolina: H. W. Ravenel (in Curtis Herb., 1646).

South Carolina : H. W. Ravenel, type distribution, in Ravenel,
Fungi Car. 3 : 26 ; Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi
Am., 446 ; Clemson College, P. H. Rolfs, 1822, 1823, and E.
D. House, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2381.

Georgia : Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 222.

Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 2116 (in Lloyd Herb.); West Palm
Beach, R. Thaxter, 83 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43900).

Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle, 123, and an unnumbered spec-
imen (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55537, 55538) ; New Albany,
A. B. Seymour, 2930 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

Mississippi: Jackson, E. Bartholomew, 5791 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44123), and in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4635;
Ocean Springs, F. S. Earle, 182 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5176), and an unnumbered specimen, comm. by U. S. Dept.
Agr. Herb.

Louisiana: Acadia Parish, A. B. Langlois; Alden Bridge, W.
T release (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5169) ; St. Martinville,
A. B. Langlois, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2423.

Texas : Gonzales, C. L. Shear, 1230; Houston, H. W. Ravenel,
36, 38, 134, 160, conam. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.

Ohio : Oberlin, F. D. Kelsey, 821 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd, 3126; Mammoth Cave,
C. G. Lloyd, 1189.

Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kauffman, 76 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44997).

Wisconsin: Blue Mounds, Miss A. 0. Stucki, 29, Vniv. of
Wisconsin Herb. ; Madison, W. T release, 77, 79 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 5169, 5170, and in Seymour Herb.), and Miss
A. 0. Stucki, 63, Univ. of Wisconsin Herb.

Minnesota: Princeton, C. J. Humphrey, 990 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 10274).

Missouri: Bismarck, L. 0. Overholts (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55539) ; Columbia, B. M. Dug gar, 88; Perryville, C.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 323

H. Demetrio, in Rabenhorst- Winter, Fungi Eur., 3525 ; Jef-
ferson Barracks, St. Louis, E. A. Burt, and L. 0. OverhoUs
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43774 and 44049 respectively).

Arkansas: Batesville, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew,
Fungi Col., 2882; Cass, W. H. Long, 19804 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9141).

Oklahoma: Spiro, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi
Col., 4290.

Nebraska: ' Long Pine, F. B. Walker, 9 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 13932).

Oregon: Portland, J. R. Weir, 544 (in Lloyd Herb., 0311, and
in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 19624).

10. H. luteo-badia (Fries) v. Hohn. «& Litsch. K. Akad.
Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116 : 754. 1907.

Thelephora luteo-badia Fries, Linnaea 5 : 526. 1830. — Stere-
um luteo-hadium Fries, Epicr. 547. 1838 ; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 :
571. 1888; Lloyd, Letter 46 : 6. 191^.— Thelephora Kunzei
Hooker, Bot. Misc. 2 : 163. pi. 85. 1831. — Eymenochaete Kun-
zei (Hooker) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 100. 1890; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 11 : 122. 1895. — Stereum laetum Berkeley, Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 2 : 279. 1853. — Eymenochaete laeta
Berkeley in Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 146. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6:59L 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:99. 1890.—
Stereum pulchrum (Schweinitz) Cooke in Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6 : 561. 1888.

Illustrations: Hooker, Bot. Misc.
2 : pi. 85.

Type : type distribution in
Weigelt Exs., under the name The-
lephora hadia Hook.? — a specimen Fig. 8
in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5205. H- luteo-badia.

Fructifications dimidiate and im- ^""^'''^^J^h^^"7l ^^^"'
bricated or effuso-reflexed, lobed,

very thin, coriaceous, pliant when dry, velvety when young,
becoming somewhat glabrous and minutely fibrillose when
older, concentrically sulcate, and sometimes zonate or
radiately rugose, drying Argus-brown; hymenium even, dry-

[Vol. 5
324 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

ing buckthorn-brown ; in structure 200-300 n thick, with a
broad, compact intermediate layer of longitudinally arranged,
colored hyphae 2-2| fj. in diameter, which is connected with
the velvety covering of the upper surface of the pileus by a
narrow, dark zone; setae very few, tapering from the base,
30X5-6 ju, emerging 10-20 /x above the hymenium; spores
hyaline, even, 4-4^x2^ /u.

Fructifications 1^-2| cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad; resupinate
portion of reflexed specimens may be up to 3 x 2 cm. in speci-
mens seen so far.

On rotting trunks of frondose species. Porto Rico to Vene-
zuela and Guiana. May. Probably common.

H. luteo-hadia is a beautiful tropical species which is well
characterized by its name, for the contrast in color between
the buckthorn-brown or tawny olive hymenium and the Argus-
brown (chestnut color) upper surface of the pileus is a con-
stant and distinguishing character; setae are as few and far
apart in the hymenium as they are in H. Curtisii; the absence
of a dark subhymenial zone bordering the hyphal layer is an
additional character which separates H. luteo-hadia from
many other species of Hymenochaete.

Specimens examined:
Porto Rico : Ponce, F. S. Earle, 114, 159, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.
Trinidad : Sangre Grande, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Far-
low, 29.

Venezuela: Fendler 174 (in Curtis Herb.) ; Margarita, A. F.

Blakeslee, two collections, comm. by W. G. Farlow.
British Guiana : Sir R. Schomhurgh, comm. by G. Bresadola ;

also specimen under name Thelephora laeta, ex. Hooker

Herb, (in Herb. Berkeley in Kew Herb.).

Dutch Guiana: Surinam, Weigelt, distributed under the name
Thelephora badia Hook. ?, the type distribution of both The-
lephora luteo-hadia and Thelephora Kunzei (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 5250) ; specimen from Herb. Schweinitz under
the herbarium name Thelephora pulchra, type of both Ster-
eum laetum and Stereum pulchrum (in Curtis Herb.).

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X

325

11. H. tabacina Sowerby ex Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III.

5 : 152. 1846; Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 145. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung.

6 : 590. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 112. 1890.
Eelvella nicotiana Bolton, Hist. Funguses, 174. pi. 174. 1789.

— Auricularia tahacina Sowerby, British Fungi, pi. 25. 1797. —
Thelephora tahacina (Sow.) Fries, Syst. Myc. 1:437. 1821;
Elenchus Fung. 1 : 173. 1828. — Stereum tahacinum (Sow.)
Fries, Epicr. 550. 1838; Hym. Eur. 641. 1874:.— Thelephora
avellana Fries, Syst. Myc. 1 : 442. 1821 (in part) ; Elenchus
Fung. 1 : 188. 1828 (in part). — Stereum avellanum Fries,
Epicr. 551. 1838 (in part); Hym. Eur. 642. 1874 (in part).
— Hymenochaete avellana (Fr.) Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 146. 1880;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 592. 1888 ; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27 : 103. 1890. — Thelephora hnbricatula Schweinitz, Am. Phil.
Soc. Trans. N. S. 4 : 166. 1832. — Hymenochaete imbricatula
(Schw.) Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5 : 152. 1846; Cooke,
Grevillea 8 : 146. 1880; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 103.
1890.— fi". imhricata Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 593. 1888.

Illustrations: Bolton, Hist. Funguses, pi. 174; Sowerby,
British Fungi, pi. 25 — type illustration.

Fructifications coriaceous, effuso-reflexed, often imbricated,
sometimes wholly resupinate, thin, sericeous, antique brown,
at length becoming gla-
brous and deep brownish
drab, the margin and inter-
mediate layer orange-yel-
low ; hymenium snuff-
brown to sepia, often
deeply cracked where re-
supinate, with a series of
radial anastomosing cracks
for each centimeter of
area; in structure 340-600
/i thick, with the setigerous
layer 100 n thick, and with the intermediate layer bor-
dered on each side by a narrow, dark, dense zone; hyphae
2i-3 /i in diameter, orange-yellow, longitudinally arranged
in the intermediate layer; setae 60-90x6-12 /li, emerging up

Fig. 9

H. tabacina.

Section, a, X 68; system of radiating
cracks in hymenium, r, X 4i. See pi. 11,
f. 16.

[Vol. 5
326 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

to 50 Ai, originating from all parts of the setigerous layer al-
though chiefly from the dark, subhymenial zone; spores hya-
line, even, curved, 5-6x12-2 i^, as seen in preparation of
sections.

Reflexed portion 3-7 mm. long, 10-15 mm. broad, often lat-
erally confluent; resupinate portions up to 3x30 cm. and
more.

On dead limbs, usually of frondose species. Canada to
Mexico, Maine to the Pacific coast, Alaska to California.
Common in the north, rare further south. Throughout the
year.

H. tahacina is the commonest species of its genus in the
northern United States and may be recognized by its reflexed
fructifications tobacco-colored with bright golden yellow
margin and intermediate layer, and by having the hymenium
deeply cracked in resupinate portions into radiating systems,
one system for about each centimeter of area. The specimen
under the name Stereum avellanum from Fries in Kew Herb,
is the old glabrous, somewhat reddish stage of H. tahacina;
this specimen has led to the transfer of Stereum avellanum
to Hymenochaete by British authors and Saccardo. An older
specimen of Thelephora avellana in Herb. Fries collected by
E. Fries at Femsjo is not distinct from Stereum glaucescens
but is unfortunately on coniferous wood, while T. avellana
was published as occurring on Corylus, a frequent substratum
in Europe for H. tahacina. The type of Thelephora im-
hricatula in Herb. Schweinitz is a mixture of Hymenochaete
tahacina, mounted on the right of the card, and of H. cor-
rugata, mounted at the left. Both these species are present
in the sample of T. imbricatula in Curtis Herb, but their order
has been reversed in mounting. The portion of the original
description pertaining to characters of reflexed portions of
the fructifications is obviously based upon the H. tahacina
portion of the type. Since Leveille's transfer of T. imhrica-
tula to Hymenochaete was probably based upon an authentic
specimen from Schweinitz in Museum of Paris Herb., in 1846,
this specimen will probably show whether any of H. corrugata

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 327

was mixed in the type of H. imhricatula as distributed by

Schweinitz.

Specimens examined:

Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 3134; Berkeley, Brit
Fungi, 248; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 13; Ell. & Ev., Fungi
Col., 102; Krieger, Fungi Sax., 270; Libert, PI. Crypt
Arduennae, 121; Oudemans, Fungi Neerlandici Exs., 240
Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 314; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 211, 211b

Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ.,
211.

Sweden: L. Romell, 37, 38; Stockholm, L. Romell, 342.

Germany: Saxony, in Krieger, Fungi Sax., 270.

Austria-Hungary: Trient Alps, J. Bresadola.

Holland: in Oudemans, Fungi Neerlandici Exs., 240.

England: in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 248.

France: F. Fautrey (in Lloyd Herb., 3316).

Belgium: in Libert, PI. Crypt. Arduennae, 121.

Newfoundland: A. C. Waghorne (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5179, 5180) ; Chappel, A. C. Waghorne, 12 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5178).

Quebec: Gaspe, J. Macoun, 244; Montreal, R. J. Blair, comm.

by L. 0. Overholts, 3814 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54993).
Ontario: Bond Lake, J. H. Fault, Univ. of Toronto Herb., 351

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44881) ; London, J. Dearness;

Ottawa, J. Macoun, 22, 229; Port Credit, J. H. Faull, Univ.

of Toronto Herb., 350, 351 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44876,

44866) ; Toronto, Thos. Langton, Univ. of Toronto Herb.,

502 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44843) ; Wilcox Lake, G. H.

Graham, Univ. of Toronto Herb., 686 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44940).

Maine: Orono, P. L. Richer (in Seymour Herb.) ; Piscataquis
County, W. A. Murrill, 1943, 2007, 2075, 2110, 2175 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55522-6) ;
Penobscot County, W. A. Murrill, 1802 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55527) ; Pittston Farm,
E. R. Hodson, comm. by P. L. Eicker, 202 ; Portage, L. W.
Riddle, 5.

[Vol. 5
328 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, two collections;
Gilmanton, J. Blake, comm. by P. L. Ricker ; Mt. Wonalan-
cet, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42846) ; North
Woodstock, comm. by Univ. of Wisconsin Herb., 11; Shel-
burne, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4782), and
H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5172).

Vermont: Abby Pond, Ripton, E. A. Burt; Little Notch,
E. A. Burt; Lost Pleiad Pond, E. A. Burt; North Ferris-
burg, E. A. Burt; Ripton, E. A. Burt.

Massachusetts : Cambridge, G. R. Lyman; Fresh Pond, G. R.
Lyman; Magnolia, W. G. Farlow; Sharon, A. P. D. Piguet,
comm. by W. G. Farlow, 1 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55006).

Connecticut: Central Village, J. L. Sheldon, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.; Norwich, W. A. Setchell.

New York: Torrey, part of type of Thelephora imbricatula
Schw. (on right of card in Herb. Schweinitz and on left of
card in Curtis Herb.) ; Adirondacks, G. F. Atkinson, b;
Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1101, 1308, and in Shear, N. Y. Fungi,
314; Altamont, -EJ. ^. ^i*r^; BrooktoB., H. Fitspatrick, 1054
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54773) ; East Galway, E. A. Burt,
two collections; Fort Ann, S. H. Burnham, 18 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54422) ; Freeville, G. F. Atkinson, 2584; River-
side Park, New York City, H. J. Whittemore, 18 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55511) ;
Vaughns, S. H. Burnham, 10 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
44001).

New Jersey: Forked River, W. H. Ballou, 3; Newfield, J. B.
Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 13, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col.,
102, and in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 211b.

Pennsylvania: State College, A. S. Rhoads S C. R. Orton, 12
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44092) ; Trexlertown, W. Herhst,
comm. by Lloyd Herb., 3593; Wright's Gap, A. S. Rhoads,
comm. by L. 0. Overholts, 3409 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
7152).

Delaware: Wilmington, A. Commons, 1427 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.).
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4031, 4331.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 329

Michigan: Ann Arbor, L. N. Johnson, 1654 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.) ; Glen Lake, C. G. Lloyd, 02554, 02555; Isle
Eoyal, Allen S Stunts, 41, 43, both comm. by Univ. of Wis-
consin Herb.; Vermillion, A. H. W. Povah, 141, 138, 311,
193, 147, 358, 351, 188, 213, 149, 192, 197, 70, 328 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 15588, 17200, 16526, 20697, 21065, 21552,
22080, 20470, 20615, 20650, 20674, 22122, 22322, and 22350
respectively).

Wisconsin: Madison, F. B. Walker, 8 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 11963).

Minnesota: Lake Itaska, comm. by E. L. Jensen, 7 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 10372).

Missouri: Cox's Switch, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 42864).

Colorado: Tolland, 8000-10000 ft. altitude, F. J. Seaver S
E. Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 42761).

Montana: comm. by E. L. Jensen, 6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
10362) ; Evaro, J. R. Weir, 430, 417, 418 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 3469, 14771, 14769) ; Missoula, J. R. Weir, 433, 429
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 3917, 13019).

Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 94, 89, 100, 101 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 8153, 12554, 15945, 15835), and 18.

Alaska: Sitka, W. T release, 583a (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5168).

British Columbia: Hastings, J. Macoun, 63; Kootenai Mts.,
near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 514 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
1740) ; Sidney, J. Macoun, 38, 68, 76 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 6688, 55366, 55367).

Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 686, 691, 718, 743, 746,
873; Bainbridge Island, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew,
Fungi Col., 3134; Kalama, C. J. Humphrey, 6163, 6201;
Seattle, W. A. Murrill, 123, and an unnumbered specimen
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55530, 55531).

Oregon: Blue Mts., C. L. Shear, 789, 796; Corvallis, G. E.
Owens, 2082, 2138 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44248, 44698) ;
Philomath, G. B. Posey, comm. by C. E. Owens, 2058 (in

[Vol. 5
330 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43879) ; Wallowa Lake, C. L. Shear,
790, 792, 794.

California: R. A. Harper, 129 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55532) ; Ferndale, 8. C. Ed-
wards (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55533) ; Mt. Tamalpais, Marion Co., W. A. Setchell
d C. C. Dohie, 1026 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44240) ; Muir
Woods, R. A. Harper (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55534) ; Palo Alto, W. A. Murrill S
L. S. Abrams, 1290 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.) ; San Mateo
Mts., E. B. Copeland, comm. by C. F. Baker, 1800, and (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5173).

Mexico: Jalapa, 5000 ft. altitude, W. A. d Edna L. Murrill,
118, 119 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 10925, 10747).

12. H. badio-ferruginea (Mont.) Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. III. 5 : 152. 1846; Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 146. 1880; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6 : 591. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 :
101. 1890.

Stereum hadio-ferrugineum Montague, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
II. 20 : 367. 1843 ; Syll. Crypt. 178. 1856.

Type: in Museum of Paris Herb.,
Jji according to Leveille, loc. cit.; au-

thentic specimen of later collection
^^^^^■^^^^^^^ from Montague to Berkeley, in Kew
^^^lf^> Herb.

„ , ,.'^; . Fructifications imbricated, con-

H. badio-ferruginea. '

Section X 68. From authen- chiform, umbouate-sessilc or re-
^prfrT\ flexed, thin, drying pliant, with the

upper surface sericeous, lineate-
radiate, Sayal-brown when young, becoming variegated
with concentric, glabrous, bay or chestnut-brown zones;
hymenium snuff-brown, sometimes minutely cracked; in
structure 200-300 n thick, with a dark, dense, subhymenial
zone and with the hyphal layer composed of a broad inter-
mediate layer of longitudinally arranged, golden-yellow
hyphae 3^ /n in diameter, connected with the loosely arranged

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 331

hyphae of the upper surface of the pileus by a narrow, dark,
dense zone; setae cylindric below, acute, 50-75X^10 Ht
emerging up to 50 n, starting from various parts of the dark
subhymenial zone, abundant but not crowded ; spores hyaline,
even, somewhat curved, 4-6x1-2 n, as seen in preparations
of sections.

Fructifications with pilei 4^7 mm. long, 4-10 mm. broad,
sometimes laterally confluent; resupinate portions, when
present, |-2x2|-7i cm.

On erect rotting stumps of frondose species — rarely on
prostrate logs. Canada to Carolina. June to January. Oc-
casional.

This species is so closely related to H. tabacina that I have
been doubtful whether it is not a form of the latter some-
what modified in form of fructifications through growing on
a vertical surface. H. badio-ferruginea may be separated
from H. tabacina by growing upon a vertical surface and by
the small imbricated, conchif orm pilei which are thinner than
those of H. tabacina, and by the hymenium either not at all
cracked or with narrow cracks which do not form systems
radiating from several centers in the resupinate portion —
each system of cracks from its own center. The type of H.
badio-ferruginea was collected in New York by Menand. All
European specimens of H. tabacina which I have seen are
distinct also from H. badio-ferruginea in the characters enum-
erated above.

Specimens examined:
Canada: Bushwood, J. Macoun, 115.
New Brunswick: Tobique River, G. N. Hay.
Maine: Piscataquis County, W. A. Murrill, 1941, 2232, 2246,

2248 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55515-55518) ; Penobscot County, W. A. Murrill,

1807 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55506).
New Hampshire: P. Wilson (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and

in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55519) ; Camp, Ellis R., U. & C,

from Underwood Coll., 8 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55502) ; White Mts., U. & C, 19,

[VOL.5

332

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

32, from Underwood Coll. (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and

in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55520, 55521).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
New York: Adirondacks, G. F. Atkinson, a; East Galway,

E. A. Burt, two collections ; Floodwood, E. A. Burt.
New Jersey: Lakewood, E. A. Daniels, comm. by H. Webster.
Carolina: specimen determined by Montagne (in Kew Herb.).

13. H. rubiginosa Dickson ex Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
III. 5 ; 151. 1846; Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 145. 1880; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6:589. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:97.
1890; Brown, Mycologia 7 : 1. pi. 149-151. 1915.

Helvella rubiginosa Dickson, Fasc. PI. Crypt. Brit. 1 : 20.
1785 ; Sowerby, Brit. Fungi, pi. 26. 1796. — Thelephora rubig-
inosa Schrader, Spic. Fl. Germ. 185. 1794; Persoon, Syn.
Fung. 567. 1801; Myc. Eur. 1 : 120. 1822; Fries, Syst. Myc. 1 :
436. 1821. — Stereum rubiginosum Fries, Epicr. 550. 1838 ; Hym.
Eur. 641. 1874. — Auricularia ferruginea Bulliard, Herb, de
la France 2 : 281. pi. 378. 1787 ; Sowerby, Brit. Fungi, pi. 26.
1796. — Stereum ferrugineum Bulliard ex Fries, Epicr. 550.
1838; Hym. Eur. 640. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:565. 1888.
— Hymenochaete ferruginea (Bulliard) Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 27 : 103. 1890; Bresadola, I. E. Accad. Agiati Atti
III. 3 : 109. 1897.

Illustrations: Bulliard, Herb, de la France, pi. 378; Fl.

Danica, pi. 1619. f. 2; Sowerby,
Brit. Fungi, pi. 26; Eabenhorst,
Krypt.-Fl. 1:320. /. 1; Brown,
Mycologia 7 : pi. 149-151.

Fructifications coriaceous-rigid,
effused, reflexed, or sometimes
wholly resupinate, separable,
somewhat fasciate above, concen-
trically sulcate, velvety, Brussels-
brown, finally glabrous, fuscous-
black, the margin ochraceous-tawny ; hymenium conspicu-
ously setulose under a lens, somewhat colliculose, bis-
ter ; in structure 500-700 /x thick, with the broad, dense, dark,
setigerous layer 160 n thick and with the intermediate layer

Fig. 11

H. rubiginosa.

Section X 68. See pi. 17, f. U

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 333

composed of longitudinally arranged, colored hyphae 2^ n in
diameter and bordered above by a narrow, dense, dark zone ;
setae very numerous, slightly curved, tapering upward to a
very sharp point, 50-60x5-6 n, emerging up to 45 /x, starting
from all parts of the setigerous layer; spores hyaline, even,
4-6x2-3 /x.

Fructifications with reflexed portion 1-2| cm. long, 1-3 cm.
broad and sometimes larger by lateral confluence ; resupinate
portion 7-8x1-3 cm.

On decaying logs and stumps of oak and other frondose
species. Canada to Mexico, westward to Oregon and Cali-
fornia, and in Porto Eico. July to February, persisting to
June. Common.

H. ruhiginosa may be recognized by its rigid pileus, velvety,
concentrically sulcate, and Brussels-brown (rubiginous) in
color, by the colliculose, bister hymenium whose dark red com-
ponent color and setae show to advantage in reflected light,
and by the brighter ochraceous margin. Even resupinate
specimens may be recognized at sight by being separable from
the substratum, and by the form and color of the hymenium
and the contrasting bright margin. The structure in section
is equally constant and distinctive. This species produces a
pocketed heart rot in oak wood.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 3133; Berkeley, Brit.

Fungi, 247; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 327; Kunze, Fungi Sel.,

203; Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc, 212.
England: in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 247; Kenilworth, W. A.

Murrill (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55542).
Sweden: Upsala, E. Fries, det. by Fries as Stereum ferru-

gineum, comm. by L. Romell, 27; Femsjo, L. Romell, 35;

Halland, L. Romell, 36; Lapland, L. Romell, 396, 397.
Germany: J. Kunze, in Kunze, Fungi Sel., 203 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44098) ; from Persoon, under the name The-

lephora ruhiginosa (in Kew Herb.); Dresden, in Raben-

horst, Herb. Myc, 212.

[Vol. 5
334 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Austria-Hungary: Loose, V. Greschick, comm. by Bresadola,
under the name Hymenochaete ferruginea.

Canada: J. Macoun, 92; Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J.
Macoun, 63; London, Ontario, J. Dearness, 981 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.).

Maine: Orono (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

Vermont: Lake Dunmore, E. A. Burt, two collections; Middle-
bury, E. A. Burt, two collections.

Massachusetts: Webster, R. G. Leavitt.

Connecticut: V. S. White (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.) ; Central
Village, J. L. Sheldon, 25, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ;
Redding, F. S. Earle, 455, and Underwood & Earle, 498
(both in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55540, 55541).

New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 241; East Galway, E. A.
Burt, five collections; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 22942,
22942a, and Van Hook, comm. by G. F. Atkinson, A, and
E. P. Brown (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44099) ; Kamer,
H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54355) ; New Berlin, W. H. Long, 19070 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44163) ; New York Botanic Garden,
Class in Mycology (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55543).

New Jersey: Fort Lee, W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55545) ; Hackensack
Swamp, W. H. Ballou, 1.

Pennsylvania: Bear Meadows, A. S. Rhoads, 10 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44087) ; Kittanning, D. R. Sumstine; Ohio
Pyle, W. A. Murrill, 1087 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55546) ; Sayre, TF, C. Barbour,
1386 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55547) ; Spruce Creek, J, H. Fault, Univ. of Toronto
Herb., 348 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44880) ; Trexlertown,
C. G. Lloyd, 0019, 0256; West Chester, Haines, Everhart
& Jefferis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 327.

Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1274.

Virginia: Blacksburg, Miss V. W. Murrill, 19 (in N. Y. Bot.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 335

Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55548) ; Wood-
stock, C. L. Shear, 1192.

North Carolina: comm. by W. H. Long, 12930, 19123 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 44162, 44165) ; Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkin-
son, 4030, 4188, 4309, 4310, 4312, 4321; Pink Bed Valley,
Transylvania Co., W. A. Murrill & E. D. House, 422 (in
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 4858.

Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 149 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44905).

Louisiana: Bogalusa, C. J. Humphrey, 5499 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 13613) ; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois.

Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 3910; Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan, comm. by
Lloyd Herb., 2636, and C. G. Lloyd, 4527; Linwood, C. G.
Lloyd (in Lloyd Herb., 07374, and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55554) ; Miami Valley, A. P. Morgan (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 5177).

West Virginia: Eglon, C. G. Lloyd, 02714; Morgantown,
J. L. Sheldon, 3537, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kaufman, 75 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 21462).

Indiana: Crawfordsville, D. Reddick, 1, 16; Lafayette, C. R.
Orton, 6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44083).

Illinois: Eiver Forest, E. T. S S. A. Harper, 630.

Wisconsin: Blue Mounds, Univ. of Wisconsin Herb., 24; Mad-
ison (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4996).

Missouri: Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
10405), and P. Spaulding (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44097) ;
Upper Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
44048).

Arkansas: Cass, W. H. Long, 19806 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
8966).

Nebraska: Saltillo, C. L. Shear, 1093.

Kansas: Emporia, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi
Col., 3133.

Arizona: Santa Catalina Mts., G. G. Hedgcock & W. H. Long,
comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2507 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
42934).

[Vol. B

336

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Oregon: Corvallis, C. E. Owens, 2137, 2148 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44696, 9187).

California: Palo Alto, W. A. Murrill & L. 8. Abrmns, 1161 (in
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

Mexico: Guernavaca, W. A. d Edna L. Murrill, 406 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54533).

Porto Eico: El Duque, J. A. Stevenson & J. R. Johnston, 1487
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6597) ; Rio Piedras, J. A. Steven-
son & R. C. Rose, comm. by J. A. Stevenson, 6514 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55088).

14. H. reflexa Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Fructifications effused, broadly reflexed, thin, rigid, fibril-
lose, Prout's brown, finally glabrous, shallowly concentrically

sulcate and zonate, with obscure
blackish zones in the furrows;
hymenium even, not cracked,
Sudan-brown; in structure 500-
600 jx thick, composed of a zonate
setigerous layer 300-400 /x thick
and of an intermediate layer bor-
dered on the upper side by a dense,
but not dark, zone which connects
with the more loosely arranged
hyphae of the upper surface of the
pileus ; setigerous layer very com-
pact, composed of crowded, erect
hyphae, between which are scat-
tered, slender setae, slightly curved, sharp-pointed, 35-40 X
4|-5 jLi, emerging up to 30 /z, present in all parts of the layer ;
hyphae of intermediate layer densely, longitudinally ar-
ranged, colored, 2| fx in diameter ; no spores found.

Fructification with reflexed portion 2 cm. long, about 8 cm.

broad; resupinate strip 3 mm. across at base of reflexed

portion is all of resupinate portion which was collected.

Under side of decaying wood. Jamaica. January. Rare.

H. reflexa bears some resemblance to H. rubiginosa in its

rigid and dark-colored pileus; a similar resemblance to H.

m^>s\^

Fig, 12

H. reflexa.

Section X 68. From type.
See pi. 17, f. 13.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X

337

ruhiginosa was stated by Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1 : 174, in the
comment of the original description of Thelephora leprosa
collected in Brazil. If the specimen of Thelephora leprosa
upon which Leveille based his transfer of this species of
Bymenochaete is still in the Museum of Paris Herbarium and
is from the original collection, comparison with this specimen
may show that H. reflexa should be regarded as a synonym
of T. leprosa. The structure in section of H. reflexa is very
like that of H. unicolor, but the hymenium is of different color
and all the collections of H. unicolor have the margin closely
adnate.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Troy and Tyre, W. A. MurrUl & W. Harris, 989,

type, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

15. H. cubensis Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications imbricated, fla-
belliform, dimidiate, umbonate-
sessile and attached along one
side, or effused and reflexed, thin,
coriaceous, pliant when dry,
minutely tomentose, concentri-
cally sulcate, antique brown when
young, becoming snuff-brown to
Rood's brown; hymenium even,
antique brown ; in structure 300-
400 /x thick, with a setigerous
layer 80-100 /x broad and a nar-
row intermediate layer which
is connected by a narrow, dark, dense zone with the loosely
arranged hyphae of the upper surface of the pileus; setae
not abundant, 35-45 X4|-6 n, emerging up to 30/x, slender,
somewhat falcate, sharp-pointed, occurring in all parts of the
setigerous layer which contains many colored, amorphous
grains also ; hyphae of intermediate layer 2^-3 /u in diameter,
colored; spores hyaline, even, 4-4^x2 n.

Fructifications 1 cm. from umbo to margin, or when dimid-
iate 1-2 cm. broad, 1-2 cm. long, and sometimes larger by

H. cubensis.

Section X 68. From type.
See pi. 17, f. 8.

[VOL. 5

338 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

lateral confluence; resupinate portions about 2 cm. in diam-
eter present in one collection.

On rotting frondose wood and logs in dense forests, caus-
ing a pocketed rot. Cuba and Porto Rico. February and
March. Frequent.

H. cuhensis is related to H. reflexa in structure, but its fruc-
tifications are smaller and thinner than those of the latter,
and are nearly always umbonate-sessile or dimidiate — only
very rarely reflexed — and do not become glabrous and dark-
colored, with resemblance to H. ruhiginosa. Such ample col-
lections of H. cuhensis have been made that it seems as though
this species should have been described heretofore, but I have
failed to find anything in earlier work to which these speci-
mens may be referred.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: Alto Cedro, L. M. Underwood & F. 8. Earle, 1491, type,

and 1565, and Earle S Murrill, 456, all comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.; La Gloria, Camagiiey, J. A. Shafer, 739 (in

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55549) ;

Managua, Havana Province, Earle S Murrill, 21, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Monte Cerrote, near Adjuntas, N. L. Britton S

S. Brown, 5479 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55550).

16. H. ungulata Burt, n. sp. Plate 17, fig. 17.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Pileus very hard, tuberculate-ungulate, sessile, decurrent,
triangular in section, with the upper surface black, crust-like,
glabrous, the margin obtuse; hymenium oblique, pruinose,
between white and pearl-gray; in structure 3 mm. thick, no
intermediate layer found, composed of a setigerous layer
1 mm. or more thick, of layered structure, and of the stony
pseudoparenchymatous crust; setae 75x9 /z, tapering from
the base, very abundant, starting from all parts of the setiger-
ous layer; no spores found.

Pileus 3 mm. long, 5-12 mm. wide, 2-3 mm. thick.

On bark of dead standing trunk or stump in virgin forest,
5000 ft. altitude. Mexico. December.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 339

H. ungulata is unique in our species of this genus by its
small, hoof-shaped fructifications with ashy white hymenium
and crust-like, dull black upper surface. The fructifications
are so hard that they turn the edge of the razor immediately
in sectioning and have not afforded good preparations for
showing the structure above the setigerous layer. H. ungulata
probably belongs in the group with H. corticolor.

Specimens examined:
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill, 176, type (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44970).

17. H. corticolor Berk. & Ravenel, Grevillea 1 : 165. 1873;
Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 147. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 595. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 111. 1890.

Type : type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3 : 30.

Fructifications hard, woody,
either wholly resupinate, adnate,
and following the inequalities of
the substratum, or with the
upper edge thickened, barely re-
flexed, black, glabrous ; hymc
drab, even; in structure
1000 II thick, lacking an interme-
diate layer, with the setigen
layer constituting the whole
thickness of the fructification
and composed of densely ar-
ranged, suberect, interwoven,
pale hyphae, much crystalline
matter, and scattered setae; Fig. u

setae 60-75x9 n, emerging up to ' h. corticolor.

45 II, sharp-pointed, distributed ^'''^'L^pf i^.^H '^^'*

in all parts of the fructification;

spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side, 4^X3^ ^u-

Resupinate over areas 1-3x1 2-5 cm., with reflexed margin
1-1^ mm. broad.

On bark, often in its crevices, of living trunks of oak, elm,
Magnolia, and other f rondose species. New Jersey to Florida,
and in Cuba, Jamaica, and Grenada. Autumn to February.

[Vol. 5
340 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

The absence of an intermediate layer is likely to place the
usual collections of resupinate H. corticolor in the group of
species with H. corrugata, H. cervina, H. Pellicula, H. tenuis,
etc., from all of which H. corticolor is distinguishable at sight
by its great thickness, drab hymenium, black upper surface of
reflexed edge, and occurrence on the bark of living tree trunks.
This species attains its best development in South Carolina
and Florida. The black upper surface of the reflexed edge
is a good character for separation from H. unicolor.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 408; Eavenel, Fungi Car. 3 :

30; Fungi Am., 121.
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,

408.
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1003, 1096.
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, Curtis Herb., 1553 (in Kew

Herb.), and in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3 : 30, type distribution.
Florida: Cocoanut Grove, R. Thaxter, 79 (in Farlow Herb.,

and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43984) ; Daytona, R. Thaxter,

13 (in Farlow Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43933) ;

Gainesville, N. L. T. Nelson (in Lloyd Herb., and in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55455), and H. W. Ravenel, in Eavenel,

Fungi Am., 121.
Cuba: San Diego de los Banos, Earle <& Murrill, 198, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Jamaica: Cinchona, W. A. S Edna L. Murrill, 419, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Grenada: Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow,

13.

18. H. arida Karsten in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9 : 228. 1891 ;
Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1 : 93. 1903.

Hymenochaetella arida Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag
Natur och Folk 48 : 428. 1889.—^. laxa Karsten, Finska Vet.-
Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48 : 429. 1889. — Eymenochaete
laxa Karsten in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9 : 228. 1891. — Corticium
simulans Berk. & Rav. in Cooke, Grevillea 6 : 132. 1878 (with-
out description but with reference to Ravenel, Fungi Am,,
10) ; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5 : 25 (without description) ; de

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA, X 341

Thiimeii, Myc. Univ., 512 (without description). — Probably
not Corticium simulans Berk. & Broome, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
14 : 72. 1873. — Hymenochaete simulans (Berk. & Rav.) Peck,
N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 49 : 34. 1897 (without description) ;
V. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116 :
775. 1907.

Type : authentic specimen from Karsten in Burt Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, effused, scattered, orbicular at
first, then laterally confluent, thin, dry, adnate, not cracked,
drying clay-color to antique brown, the margin thinning out;
in structure 100-140 /x thick, composed of
loosely interwoven, suberect hyphae 3-4 mi„m\i,^,^mvlw

n in diameter, colored like the fructifica- W^^^jhf\^\::T\
tion, stiff, not nodose-septate, forming a ^^y'A^yt.'^vw.'v^/i'i
homogeneous layer, without a dense zone Fig. is

from substratum to hymenium, and bear- h. arida.

ing scattered setae in the upper portion '^t^entfc'spelmen.'"
of the layer; setae 30-75x6-8 /i, emerg-
ing up to 35 /i, not numerous, tapering upward; spores in
spore collection from Swedish specimen white, even, allantoid,
6-7x2 /x as seen in side view, 2|-3 /x broad in front view, and
6-7 X3|^ H, flattened on one side in American specimens.

Fructifications at first 2-3x2 mm., later laterally confluent
over areas 9x1-1^ cm.

On bark of dead branches of Corylus, Ostrya virginica, and
Vaccinium arboreum. Finland, Sweden, Vermont to South
Carolina, and in Michigan. October to April.

The fructifications of H. arida are at first small, scattered,
and suborbicular and later become confluent and elongated so
as to resemble closely in aspect and color Coniophora arida.
The spores of American collections are about twice the
breadth of those of European specimens cited, but the agree-
ment between the European and American specimens is so
close in general aspect and in the very simple structure of
the fructification in section that I believe the American and
European specimens are of the same species. The distinguish-
ing characters of H. arida are its resemblance in aspect to
ConiopJiora arida, structure consisting of a single, homo-

[Vol. 5
342 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

geneous layer of loosely interwoven, suberect hyphae, with
setae distributed in outer half of the layer, rather large
spores, and the occurrence in the United States upon bark
of Ostrya and Vaccinium arhoreum. Von Hohnel and Lit-
schauer in their notes on types in Karsten's herbarium^ re-
ferred Hymenocliaete arida and H. laxa to H. unicolor and
H. cinnamomea respectively — species with which they have
nothing in common except color.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5:25; Fungi Am., 10; de

Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 512. — in each under the name Corti-

cium simulans B. & Rav.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, authentic specimen and an-
other specimen communicated by Bresadola ; Runsala, P. A.

Karsten, authentic specimen of Hymenochaetella laxa.
Sweden: Upsala, C. G. Lloyd, 08425 (in Lloyd Herb., and in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55472).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
New York: Fort Ann, 8. H. Burnham, 41 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54456).
South Carolina: Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi

Car. 5 : 25, Fungi Am., 10, and in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ.,

512.
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kauffman, 32.

19. H. unicolor Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10 :
335. 1868; Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 148. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6:597. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:108. 1890;
Lloyd, Myc. Notes 41 : 572. text f. 780, 781. 1916.

H. fuliginosa Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10 : 335.
1868; not H. fuliginosa (Pers.) Lev.

Type: in Kew Herb.

Fructification resupinate, long and broadly effused, adnate,
dense, cracked, brittle, scaling off from the wood, drying
antique brown; in structure 500-700 ix thick, composed of a
very thick, somewhat zonate, setigerous layer and of a thin
hyphal layer which is often not sharply distinguishable from
the setigerous layer ; hyphae 2^-3 /* in diameter ; setae scat-

^K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115 : 1577, 1578. 1906.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X

343

(K

5 o

o

I-

Fig. 16
H. unicolor.
Section, a, X 44;
seta, 6, and spores,
s, X 850.

tered in all parts of the setigerous layer, sometimes slightly
falcate, 50-60x5-6 /x, emerging up to 40 ju, tapering from the
base to a slender and sharp apex; basidia
with 4 sterigmata; spores in spore collec-
tion white, even, 5-5|x3|-4 /x; causing
pocketed rot in decorticated hard wood.
Covering decorticated poles 20 feet long.
On dead frondose wood. Cuba, Ven-
ezuela, and Brazil. December to April.

B.. unicolor has the coloration and gen-
eral aspect of B.. cinnamomea and H. spreta
but is usually rimose in contrast with the
former and with a more velvety hymenium
than the latter and is of a very dense struc-
ture with its hyphae arranged parallel with
the rather uniformly distributed setae,
while H. cinnamomea and H. spreta are
stratose, with alternating layers of loosely
interwoven hyphae separating the two or more hymenial
layers. The dry rot produced in the wood by H. uni-
color is a pocketed rot, as shown by the fine collection
by Lloyd and well shown in his fig. 781, cited above, while the
rot produced by H. spreta is a soft, fibrous sap rot which at-
tacks the sap-wood uniformly from the outer surface. The
specimen referred by Berkeley and Curtis to H. fuliginosa,
collected in Cuba, C. Wright, 188, differs so slightly from the
type of H. unicolor that it will probably be included in H. uni-
color when better known by other collections.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 541, type (in Kew Herb.) and an unnum-
bered collection of 1857, under the name of H. cinnamomea
(in Curtis Herb.), and 188, under the name Hymenochaete
fuliginosa (in Kew Herb.) ; C. G. Lloyd, 142, 171 (in Lloyd
Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55458, 55473) ; Ceballos,
C. J. Humphrey, 2585, 2590, 2696, 2829, 2964 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 16043, 16052, 1778, 14838, 1766).
Jamaica: Troy and Tyre, W. A. Murrill <& W. Harris, 991,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

[Vol. 5
344 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Venezuela: Margarita, A. F. Blakeslee, comm. by W . G.

Farlow.
Brazil: Blumenau, A. Moller, comm. by J. Bresadola, under

the name Hymenochaete fuliginosa, as listed in Hedwigia

35 : 289. 1896.

20. H. agglutinans Ellis, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 5 : 46. 1874;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 602. 1888 ; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27 : 106. 1890; Graves, Mycologia 6 : 279. pi. 145. 1914.

Hymenochaete amhiens Berk. & Curtis in Cooke, Grevillea
8:147. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:596. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 106. 1890.

Type: probably in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, effused, adnate, orbicular, at
first of loose texture and cream-buff, then thick, very com-
pact, concentrically sulcate, and antique brown, with the
margin thick, determinate, and cream-buff, finally becoming
black during the winter, infecting living limbs where they rub
together and finally uniting them firmly; in structure 1-2
mm. thick, composed of a single homogeneous hyphal layer
of densely interwoven, thick-walled hyphae concolorous with
the fructification and bearing at the outer surface of this layer
an opaque subhymenium upon which the setae stand; setae
70-90x9 n, protruding 60 n, few, scattered, starting from the
subhymenium; basidia and spores not found.

Fructifications 3-7 cm. in diameter, 1-2 mm. thick.

Infecting living branches of Alnus, Benzoin, Acer, etc.,
where they rub together. August to April. New Hampshire
to Florida, westward to Idaho, and in Cuba. Frequent.

This species is easily recognized by its remarkable habit
of joining together branches which have rubbed together and
formed areas for infection. From these areas the fructifica-
tion spreads so as to often encircle one or both limbs, at the
same time killing the portions of the limbs beyond the fructi-
fication, as described by Graves in his article cited above.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 939; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col.,

807; de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 309.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 345

New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow.

Vermont: Lost Pleiad Pond, Ripton, E. A. Burt; Middle-
bury, E. A. Burt.

Massachusetts: Cherry Brook, Weston, A. B. Seymour, T 4
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43888) ; Magnolia, W. G. Farlow;
Sharon, A. P. D. Piguet, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55475) ; Waltham, A. B. Seymour, T 5 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43889).

Connecticut: Storrs, A. E. Moss, comm. by P. W. Graff, 39
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44791).

New York: Albany, C. G. Lloyd, 07112 (in Lloyd Herb.) ; Al-
cove, C. L. Shear, 999; Brooklyn, F. H. Ames (in Lloyd
Herb., 438) ; Chappaqua, Mrs. C. E. Ryder & Mrs. W. A.
Murrill (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.) ; Ithaca, G. F. Atkin-
son, 2022; Scarsdale, Mrs. Livingston d Miss Crane, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

New Jersey: C. F. Austin, 57 (in Curtis Herb, as an unde-
termined Corticium and in Kew Herb, as the type of
Hymenochaete amhiens Berk. & Curtis) ; Newfield, J. B.
Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 939, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col.,
807, and in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 309.

Pennsylvania: Trexlertown, W. Herhst, 1.

North Carolina: Biltmore Estate, W. A. Murrill (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55477).

Florida: Sorrento, R. Thaxter, 74 (in Farlow Herb., and in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43896).

Ohio: UmNOO({,C. G. Lloyd, 1879.

Wisconsin: Madeline Island, near Bayfield, V. B. Walker, 4
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6631).

Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 345 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
6853).

Cuba: Alto Cedro, Santiago, F. S. Earle, 346, from Herb, de
Cuba Estacion Central Agronomica.

21. H. cinnamomea (Pers.) Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati
Atti III. 3 : 110. 1897.

Thelephora cinnamomea Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1 : 141. 1822 ;
Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1 : 201. 1828. — Corticium cinnamomeum

[Vol. 5

346

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

cinnamoraea.

(Pers.) Fries, Epicr. 561. 1838; Hym. Eur. 650. 1874.—
Hymenochaetella rudis Karsten, Hedwigia 35 : 173. 1896. —
Hymenochaete rudis Karsten in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14 : 218.
1899.
Type : specimen determined by Fries in Herb. Fries.
Fructification resupinate, widely effused, adnate, velvety,
not cracked, drying antique brown to Brussels-brown, the

margin tomentose-fibrillose ; in structure
becoming 500-1000 n thick, stratose, rang-
ing up to 6 strata, each composed of a
setigerous layer 30-45 n broad and of a
hyphal layer of equal or greater breadth,
with hyphae colored like the fructifica-
tion, loosely interwoven, 3 /i in diameter;
setae 60-90x5-6 n, protruding up to 60 /n,
tapering upward from the base, originat-
ing in all parts of the setigerous layers;
spores hyaline, even, 4^-6x2-2^ n as seen
in sectional preparations, stated by Bres-
adola to be 6-9 X2| /n as obtained from
spore collections.
Fructifications 3-7 Xli-2i cm.

On bark and decaying wood of both frondose and coniferous
species but usually on the former. New York to California
and British Columbia. June to April. Rare.

H. cinnamomea closely resembles in color and general as-
pect Hypochnus ferrugineus but is thicker and with a more
compact hymenium. I base my idea of H. cinnamomea on the
specimen from Norway determined by Fries and the fine speci-
mens of identical structure collected in Lapland by Romell,
in Finland by Karsten, and in Ardennes by Libert. The
specimen from Hungary, received from Bresadola, has the
same aspect, velvety, not cracked, and a thin surface setiger-
ous layer but varies toward H. spreta by having its deeper
setigerous layers more than 45 /x broad and exceeding the
adjoining hyphal layers. This specimen from Bresadola
formerly led me to regard H. spreta as a synonym of H. cin-
namomea and to refer to H. cinnamomea for my correspond-

Fig. 17

H

Section X 44. From
specimen in Herb.
Fries.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 347

ents many specimens which will be found cited under H.
spreta. H. cinnamomea appears clearly distinct from H.
spreta by its velvety surface, not contracting greatly in thick
specimens nor cracking to the substratum so as to form small,
isolated, rectangular masses, by setigerous layers 30-45 n
broad and usually narrower than the adjoining hyphal layers,
and spores up to 4|-9 n long. Several of the American speci-
mens cited below are first-stratum stages.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Libert, PL Crypt. Arduennae, 122.
Norway: Christiania, M. N. Blytt (in Herb. Fries, det. by E.

Fries).
Sweden: L. Romell, 85, first-stratum stage; Lapland, L.

Romell, 398, 399.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, authentic specimen of Hy-

menochaetella rudis.
Hungary: Kmet, det. and comm. by J. Bresadola.
Belgium: in Libert, PI. Crypt. Arduennae, 122.
New York: Staten Island, W. H. Ballon (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55544).
Ohio : Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 4507.
Hlinois: Riverside, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 657.
Nebraska: Woodlawn, C. L. Shear, 1026, first-stratum stage.
Kansas: Rooks Co., E. Bartholomew, first-stratum stage.
California: Santa Barbara, 0. M. Oleson, 17, first-stratum

stage.
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 37, 99, 111 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 6687, 55364, 55365). Nos. 37 and 111 are in the

first-stratum stage.

22. H. digitata Burt, n. sp.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructification resupinate, long and broadly effused, adnate,
drying between Brussels-brown and antique brown, with hy-
menium somewhat granular, the margin determinate, very
thin ; in structure stratose, 800 ix thick, composed of about 15
narrow, loosely interwoven, hyphal layers alternating with the
same number of very dense, dark and opaque setigerous layers

[Vol. 5

348

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fig. 18
H. digitata.
Section, a, X 44 ; paraphyses, p, X500

From type.

of about equal breadth and equal to the loosely interwoven
layers; hyphae about 2 ju in diameter, concolorous with the
fructification; setae 50-60x6 /x, emerging up to 50 /*, tapering

from base to a sharp
point, colored like
the fructification;
paraphyses colored
like other organs,
filiform, divided at
the apex into about
three short, finger-
like branches or
prongs; basidia and
spores not found.
Fructification 13x5 cm., broken off along three sides —
probably large.

On bark of rotten logs in forests. Panama. March.

E. digitata belongs in the group of species with stratose
fructifications, of which H. spreta is the best known. H. digi-
tata should be easily recognized by its bright ferruginous
brown color, fructification composed of very many and very
narrow strata, and paraphyses with digitately, or sometimes
pinnately, branched tips. Setae occur not only in the hymenial
surface but also rather sparingly in the other setigerous layers
throughout the fructification.

Specimens examined:
Panama: El Boquete, Chiriqui, W. R. Maxon, 5559, type,
Smithsonian Survey of Panama Canal Zone (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55469).

23. H. spreta Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Kept. 30 : 47. 1879;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 595. 1888.

Hymenochaete laevigata Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 :
107. 1890.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, long and widely effused, adnate,
rimose, drying Argus-brown to snuff-brown, the margin thin-
ning out, velvety when young; in structure 300-500 n thick.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X

349

Fig. 19

H. spreta.

Section X44, From type.

stratose, composed of 1-3, or rarely up to 5, pairs of setig-
erous and hyphal layers, with the setigerous layers very dense,
about 45-200 /x thick, exceeding the alternating hyphal layers
which are composed of loosely inter-
woven, thick-walled, colored, even
hyphae 3 /x in diameter; setae numer-
ous, slender, subfalcate, 60-75x6 ju,
originating at all levels in each setig-
erous layer, protruding up to 50 /x;
spores hyaline, even, 4|x2| n.

Fructifications 4-25x2-10 cm.

Usually on decaying wood of fron-
dose species, rarely on coniferous
wood. Canada to Alabama and west-
ward to Washington, California, and
British Columbia. April to January. Common.

The stratose structure of well-developed fructifications of
H. spreta locates this species in a small group of three species,
of which the others are H. digitata and H. cinnamomea, from
both of which thick fructifications of H. spreta may be sep-
arated readily by being deeply cracked and having setigerous
layers from 45-150 /x, or rarely more, in thickness, very com-
pact, and exceeding in thickness the adjoining, loosely inter-
woven hyphal layers. Fructifications of H. spreta in its first-
stratum stage, consisting of but one hyphal layer and one
setigerous layer, are frequently not cracked but have the
setigerous layer 45 /x or more thick and thicker than the hyphal
layer.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 1936, 3304 — the latter

under the name Hymenochaete unicolor; Ell. & Ev., Fungi

Col., 806, under the name H. unicolor.
Canada : Comox, Van Island, J. Macoun, 18.
Prince Edward's Island: J. Macoun, 344.
Ontario: London, J. Dearness; Ottawa, J. Macoun, 6.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, two collections, one

of which (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55258).
Vermont: Middlebury, C. G. Lloyd, 10671 (in Lloyd Herb.,

[Vol. 5
350 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55483), and E. A. Burt, four
collections.
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1310; East Galway, E. A.
Burt; Hudson Falls, S. H. Burnham, 45 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 54458) ; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 8656; Karner, H. D.
House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., 14.159, and in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44710) ; New York, W. H. Ballou (in Lloyd
Herb., 12121, and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55457).

New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb,
and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Schweinitz,
under the name Thelephora laevigata and the type of
Hymenochaete laevigata Massee).

District of Columbia: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1346.

Georgia: Ribbon Brook, Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour, comm.
by W. G. Farlow, EE (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44603).

Florida: Cocoanut Grove, R. Thaxter, 55 (in Farlow Herb.,
and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43491) ; Nixon-Lewis Ham-
mock, Dade Co., J. K. Small & C. A. Hosier, 5396 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55485).

Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55486).

West Virginia: Eglon, C. G. Lloyd, 1450, 1565 (in Lloyd
Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55484 and 55488) ; Nut-
tallburg, L. W. Nuttall, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 3304,
and in Fungi Col., 806.

Ohio: Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan, comm. by C. G. Lloyd, 2610,

and C. G. Lloyd, 3578.
Indiana: Crawfordsville, D. Reddick, 15; Millers, E. T. d S.

A. Harper, 934.
Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd, 07159, 10836 (in Lloyd

Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55468 and 55487).
Montana: Evaro, J. R. Weir, 422 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

14766).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 2.
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 849; Sedro-Woolley,

C. J. Humphrey, 7487 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10968) ;

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 351

Stanwood, C. J. Humphrey, 6395, 7395 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 42935 and 11042).
California: Palo Alto, W. A. Murrill S L. S. Ahrams, 1240

(inN. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).
British Columbia: J. Macoun, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi,

1936; Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 494 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 21796) ; Sidney, J. Macoun, 79, and cm

unnumbered collection (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9967,

6687).

24. H. epichlora (Berk. & Curtis) Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 147.
1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 596. 1888.

Corticium epichlorum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 178.
1873; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 119. 1890.— Hymeno-
chaete asperata Ell. & Ev. Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 27 : 50. 1890;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16 : 188. 1902.

Type: type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5 : 24.

Fructification resupinate, broadly effused, thin, adnate,
cracked, drying Isabella-color to tawny olive, with a thin olive-
ocher subiculum forming a slight
margin; in structure 75-120 m thick, 0M§'^$MMI
with the hyphal layer composed of ^^^^^^§i
loosely arranged, ascending, thin-
walled hyphae 2^ n in diameter, ^ elchiora
colored like the fructification, in section x 68. From type,
some places forming a narrow,

dense zone next to the substratum; setae scattered, 36-45 X
4|-5 n, protruding up to 30 n, starting from different levels
of the hymenium and subhymenium, tapering upward to a
slender point; spores in spore collection white, even, 3^^X
2-2| n, flattened on one side.

Fructifications 5-10x1-3 cm. and broken off at both ends
— probably large.

On bark of dead Symplocos, Vitis, and other frondose
woods. Alabama to Louisiana and in Mexico. August to
November,

H. epichlora has some resemblance in aspect to H. corru-
gata on account of its cracked hymenial surface but it is dis-

[Vol. 5
352 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

tinguished from the latter species by the somewhat sulphur-
yellow margin and subiculum which forms a broad hyphal
layer destitute of setae between the subhymenium and the sub-
stratum ; the spores of H. epichlora are shorter than those of
H. corrugata and the setae are fewer and smaller.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5 : 24, type distribution.
Alabama: Peters, 6118 (in Kew Herb.), and in Ravenel,

Fungi Car. 5 : 24.

Louisiana: Abita Springs, A. B. Langlois, 2647 to Ellis, type
of Hymenochaete asperata (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55491) ; Baton Rouge, Edgerton &
Humphrey, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 5727; St. Martin-
ville, A. B. Langlois, at, am.

Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. S Edna L. Murrill, 338, 344, 345
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54480, 54460, and 54461).

25. H. dura Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10 : 334.
1868 ; Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 147. 1880 ; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 596.

1888 ; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 :

'%fy^&wM' Type : in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

^^^^^^^r Fructifications resupinate, orbicular,

^^^3^^^^^ rigid when dry, spongy when moistened,
-S^^^S^:^^%^ drying between wood-brown and Sac-
"^ ^:^^^ cardo 's umber, the margin thick, obtuse,
paler than the hymenium; in structure
1^0 600-700 /i thick, with the intermediate
(ii^.J- layer bordered on each side by a narrow,
dense, dark zone, that on the under side

•pj— 21

„ , connecting the intermediate layer with

H. dura. i i i i r> i

Section X68. From type. ^ dcuso hyphal layer 100 M broad,

situated on the substratum; hyphae of
intermediate layer baryta-yellow, 2 /n in diameter, longitu-
dinally arranged, somewhat loosely interwoven; setae 30-36
X5-6 /i, scattered between the hair-like paraphyses which
they exceed but slightly, terminating in slender, curved, very

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 353

sharp-pointed tips, confined to the hymenium ; spores hyaline,
even, 5x3 /x.

Fructifications 1-3 cm. in diameter.

On dead, erect trees. Cuba. February. Rare.

In the original description, H. dura was said to be allied
to H. unicolor, but if so, it is in aspect only, for when seen in
section it is wholly different in structure from the latter, hav-
ing a narrow setigerous layer and a broad, intermediate layer
which is connected by a conspicuous dark zone with a well-
developed hyphal layer next to the substratum. This struc-
ture in section places H. dura in the group with H. tahacina,
from which, and from the other species of this group, it is
distinct by its hairy hymenium and small, scattered setae.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 241, type (in Kew Herb, and in Curtis

Herb.).

26. H. leonina Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10 :
334. 1868; Cooke, Grevillea 8:148. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6 : 597. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 107. 1890.

Type : in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications resupinate,
widely effused, thick, coriaceous,
separable from substratum when
moist, not cracked, drying tawny
olive to Brussels-brown, the
margin tomentose; in structure ^ ifonina

200-700 n thick, composed of (1) Section X 44. From type.

a compact setigerous layer 50-75

H thick, with the setae starting at different levels within it,
and of (2) a broad, supporting hyphal layer 100-600 /x
thick, composed of loosely interwoven, rather longitudinally
arranged hyphae 3 /x in diameter, stiff, colored like the
fructification; in fully developed, thick fructifications the
hyphal layer is divided parallel with the substratum by a nar-
row, dark zone; setae 60-80x7-9 /x, emerging up to 50 /x,
conical, tapering from the base to the apex; spores hyaline,
even, 5-6x3-3^ /x.

[Vol. 6
354 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Probably large; small fructifications laterally confluent for
10 cm., 1-2 cm. broad; large fructifications 7 cm. in diameter
and broken off on three sides.

On frondose limbs. Arkansas to Mexico, and in Cuba.
August to March.

H. leonina has been resupinate in all collections which seem
referable here by structure. The species is well marked by its
usual tawny olive color, coriaceous structure which enables it
to be dissected away from the substratum when moist, by the
distribution of the setae in the hymenium and the dark, dense
subhymenium, and by the broad, bright-colored hyphal layer
which is finally divided in the middle by a narrow, dark zone.

Specimens examined:
Arkansas : Fordyce, C. J. Humphrey, 5837.
Louisiana: Baton Rouge, C. J. Humphrey, 5691 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 20707) ; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 2091, ai.
Mexico: Vera Cruz, Sanborn, C. R. Orcutt, 2920 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 37362).
Cuba: C. Wright, 532, type (in Kew Herb, and in Curtis

Herb.) ; C. G. Lloyd, 143 (in Lloyd Herb., and in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55474) ; Alto Cedro, Earle d Murrill, 505,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ; Baracoa, Underwood &

Earle, 780, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ; Pinar del Rio

Province, Earle & Murrill, 197, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb.

27. H. fulva Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, effused, thin, adnate, not crack-
ing in drying, between Saccardo 's umber and cinnamon-brown,
the margin entire, determinate ; in structure 120-260 /x thick,
with the intermediate layer bordered on each side by a
dark, dense zone — that on the under side directly adnate to
the substratum and that on the other being subhymenial in
position, 40-105 /x thick, bearing at first few setae but thick-
ening with age and at length having many setae starting in
all its parts; hyphae of intermediate layer colored, loosely
interwoven, 2^-3 /x in diameter; setae 75-90x7|-9 /x, emerg-

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 355

ing up to 60 jLt, not crowded, starting in the dark subhy-
menial zone and rising through the hymenium, tapering up-
ward from the base; cystidia 12-30x6-18 n, largest when

Fig. 23
H. fulva.
Section on left, X 68, from type; section a, X 68, seta, b, and
cystidia, c, X 375, from Langlois, aj.

seated on the dark, subhymenial zone; spores borne 4 to a
basidium, hyaline, even, 4^-5x2|-3 /i.

Fructifications 1x1-1^ cm., becoming laterally confluent for
7 cm. or more.

On rotting fallen limbs of frondose species. In Louisiana
and Jamaica — at 4500-5200 ft. altitude in the latter. De-
cember.

H. fulva may be recognized among resupinate species by its
fulvous color, not cracking, presence of an intermediate layer
bordered on each side by a dark zone, with that on the under
side seated directly on the substratum, and by the cystidia.

Specimens examined:
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, aj, and a specimen

comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2422 in part.
Jamaica: Cinchona, W. A. d Edna L. Murrill, 645, type,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ; Blue Hole, W. A. Murrill,

182^, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

28. H. pinnatifida Burt, n. sp.

Type : in Lloyd Herb, and Burt Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, effused, adnate, scattered, some-
times confluent, somewhat orbicular, drying between Verona-
brown and cinnamon-drab, slightly glaucous, the margin an-
tique brown, narrow, rather thick, somewhat velvety ; in struc-
ture 120-240 /x thick, composed of a setigerous layer 40-80 n
broad and of a loosely interwoven intermediate layer which is

[Vol. 5
356 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

bordered on each side by a narrow, dense, dark zone ; hyphae
3-3^ jj, in diameter, colored, thick-walled; setae 40-70x6-7 n,
emerging up to 30 /x, tapering from the base, abundant but not

crowded ; colored para-
MMM ^"^^ physes 1-2 n in diameter,
'MWf?'^^^^ (M 1 \\ ^^^^^ pinnatifid tips, are con-
j^s-^^g^Si^^^^ ^ spicuous in the hymenium;

Fig. 24 spores hyaline, even, flat-

H. pinnatifida. tcncd on onc side, 4-5x11 M,

Section, a, x^f ^^ P/^'-^pbges, p, X 640. ^^^^^ ^ ^^ ^ basidium as scen

in preparations of sections.

Fructifications about 1-3 cm. in diameter.

On bark of fallen frondose limbs. Georgia to Louisiana, in
Mexico, Cuba, and Jamaica. August to April. Apparently
common.

H. pinnatifida has some resemblance to resupinate H. rto-
biginosa, but the setae of the former are less conspicuous with
the aid of a lens; the presence of colored paraphyses with
pinnatifid tips distinguishes H. pinnatifida from all other non-
stratose species.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 1713, under the name
Hymenochaete insularis; Eavenel, Fungi Am., 122, under the
name Hymenochaete ruhiginosa.

Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, 5675 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44260).

Florida: G. C. Fisher (in Lloyd Herb., 08238) ; W. W. Cal-
kins, 82, 93 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55489, 55490), and in Ell. «& Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 1713;
Gainesville, H. W. Ravenel, in Eavenel, Fungi Am., 122;
Jacksonville, W. W. Calkins (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.) ; New Smyrna, C. G. Lloyd, 2139,
type, and 2140.

Alabama: Auburn, F. 8. Fade, 114 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55492).

Mississippi: Jackson, E. Bartholomew, 5798 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44268).

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 357

Louisiana: Abita Springs, A. B. Langlois, 2647 to Burt; Boga-
lusa, C. J. Humphrey, 5491; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois,
1621, ch, cd, D, and a specimen from Lloyd Herb., 2422 in
part; definite locality not stated, A. B. Langlois, 136 (in U.
S. Dept. Agr. Herb., in Farlow Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44047).

Mexico: Botteri, 31 (in Curtis Herb., under the name Hymen-

ochaete rubiginosa).

Cuba: Managua, Earle d Murrill, 6, 31, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.

Jamaica: Mandeville, A. E. Wight, comm. by W. G. Farlow.

29. H. multisetae Burt, n. sp.

Type : in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Humphrey Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, effused, adnate, thin, cinnamon-
brown to Prout 's brown, finally somewhat cracked, the margin
determinate; in structure 35-100 /n thick,
lacking an intermediate layer, with the
setigerous layer dense and opaque; setae pig. 25

very abundant and crowded, small, 27- h. multisetae.

45x4^-5 fi, emerging up to 30 /z, starting ^^*^«° >< ^^- ^'^^"^
from all parts of the setigerous layer,
tapering upward; spores hyaline, even, 3-4x1-2 /x, but few
found.

Fructifications 2-10x1-2 cm., sometimes encircling small
limbs.

On fallen hardwood limbs in wet wooded region. Cuba and
Jamaica. December and January.

H. multisetae belongs in the same group of species as H.
opaca, which it resembles in aspect. It may be distinguished
from the latter by its thinner fructifications and smaller setae.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: Ceballos, C. J. Humphrey, 2808, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 1786).
Jamaica: Chester Vale, W. A. S Edna L. Murrill, 325, 346,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ; Moneague, W. A. Murrill,

1186, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Troy and Tyre,

[Vol. 6

358

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fig. 26

H. anomala.

Section, a, X 120; seta, 6, and cystidia,
c, X 375. From type.

W. A. Murrill S W. Harris, 926, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Grard.
Herb.

30. H. anomala Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Fructification resupinate, adnate, thin, vinaceous-buff,
cracked, the margin determinate ; in structure 75-125 /u thick,

lacking a hyphal layer,
composed o f scattered
setae, cystidia, suberect,
colorless, incrusted hyphae,
and crystalline matter ;
setae 20-50x4^ At, emerg-
ing up to 20 n but usually
not emerging, flexuous, ta-
pering upward, starting
from all parts of the setigerous layer; cystidia colorless, in-
crusted, 16-20x6 /x, not emergent; spores hyaline, even,
4x2i li.

Fructification 2^ cm. X5 mm., broken off at one end.
On prostrate decorticated limbs in dry thickets. Cuba.
March. Eare.

H. anomala is noteworthy by its pale color, small fructifica-
tion, setae only rarely protruding, and incrusted hyphae and
cystidia. It differs from H. cervina in paler color outside and
within, and in having cystidia.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: Managua, Earle & Murrill, 36, type, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.

31. H. corrugata (Fr.) Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III.

5 : 152. 1846; Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 147. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung.

6 : 595. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 110. 1890.
Thelephora corrugata Fries, Obs. Myc. 1 : 154. 1815 ; Elen-

chus Fung. 1 : 224. 1828; Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1 : 134. 1822.—
Corticium corrugatum Fries, Epicr. 565. 1838; Hym. Eur. 656.
1874. — Hymenochaete insularis Berkeley, Grevillea 1 : 165.
1873; Cooke, Grevillea 8 : 148. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 598.
1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 107. 1890.

1918]

BUKT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 359

Type: authentic specimen from Fries reported in Kew
Herb, by Massee, loc. cit.

Fructifications resupinate, widely effused, closely adnate,
cracked into small 4-6-sided areas, sometimes grumous, drying
from cinnamon-brown to bister and

Eood's brown and sometimes weath- W^^^^i^^^^ ^
ered to mouse-gray, the margin thin-
ning out and sometimes paler; in
structure 150-500 n thick, composed
of densely interwoven hyphae 3 /x in
diameter, colored like the fructifica- jj cori-ugata.

tion, and of very numerous setae 60- Section of young fructifica-

70x8-12 ;», emerging up to 50 m, Sio:; T^xls.""" '"""'"
somewhat cylindric below, taper-
ing above, distributed throughout the fructification; spores
white in collection on slide, even, allantoid, 4|-7Xl2-2 ii.

Very variable in size, ranging from 2|Xl cm. to 20x7 cm.,
sometimes much larger.

Very common on dead fallen limbs and trunks of frondose
species, such as beech, maple, birch, and alder, rarely on conif-
erous wood. Canada to Texas and westward to Ohio and
Kentucky, and in Jamaica. July to April.

The distinguishing characters of H. corrugata are its closely
adnate fructification, which cracks into small, polygonal areas
about 1-3 to a mm. and sometimes scales off, distribution of
the rather stout setae throughout the whole very dense fruc-
tification from substratum to hymenium, and white, allantoid
spores about 4^-7x1^-2 /i. American collections of H. corru-
gata have a broader range in color than the European collec-
tions cited below. H. insularis Berk, is based upon a specimen
Rood's brown in color, with whitish margin, orbicular form,
and thickness of 160 ju. I have tried to regard H. insularis as
a distinct species but it intergrades too completely in all its
characters with typical H. corrugata. H. episphaeria (Schw.)
is very near H. corrugata but is less cracked, extremely thin,
and has most of its setae starting conspicuously on a dark de-
limiting zone next to the substratum.

[Vol. 5
360 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4425, 4931; Berkeley,
Brit. Fungi, 249, 298; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 14; Ell. & Ev.,
Fungi Col., 8; Krieger, Fungi Sax., 717, 1422, the latter
under the name Hymenochaete cinnamomea; Krypt. Exs.
Vind., 714 ; Eavenel, Fungi Am., 123, under the name Hy-
menochaete crocata, 124 ; Fungi Car. 5 : 26 ; Shear, N. Y.
Fungi, 53; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 9.
England: Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 249, 298.
France: (in Lloyd Herb., 3346).
Germany: Saxony, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax., 717,

1422.
Austria-Hungary: Eosenau, P. Strasser, Krypt. Exs. Vind.,

714.
Canada: J. Macoun, 17, 19, 25; Lower St. Lawrence Valley,

J. Macoun, 63.
Ontario: Casselman, J. Macoun, 362, 365; London, J. Dear-
ness, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4425, and (in Lloyd Herb.,
12001) ; Temagami, C. G. Lloyd, 07564 (in Lloyd Herb.).
Quebec: Hull, J. Macoun, 242.

Maine: Costigan, W. A. Murrill, 1761 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55459) ; Orono, F. L.
Harvey, comm. by P. L. Ricker, 1, 2.
New Hampshire: P. Wilson (in N. Y., Bot. Gard. Herb., and

in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55471) ; Chocorua, W. G. Farlow.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two collections; Smug-
glers' Notch, E. A. Burt; Ripton, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: Magnolia, W. G. Farlow, two collections; Sha-
ron, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6960), A. P. D.
Piguet, two collections, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 44046, 55228) ; Wellesley, L. W. Riddle, 15.
New York: Adirondack Mts., C. H. Peek, T 27 (in N. Y. State
Mus. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54650) ; Albany,
C. G. Lloyd, 07179 (in Lloyd Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55482) ; Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1003, and in Shear,
N. Y. Fungi, 53; Catskill Mts., C. H. Peck, T 11 (in N. Y.
State Mus. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54578) ;
East Galway, E. A. Burt; Freeville, G. F. Atkinson, 3279;

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 361

Fort Ann, S. H. Burnham, 39 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54423) ; Hudson Falls, S. H. Burnham, 30 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54482) ; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 2815; Karner,
H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55196) ; Lake Placid, W. A. S Edna L.
Murrill, 152 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55001) ; North Greenbush, H. D. House, two
collections (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 54385/6) ; Orient, R. Latham, 154 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44229).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 14,
in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 8, and in de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 9.
Pennsylvania: Charter Oak, L. 0. Overholts, 3773 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 54991) ; Trexlertown, W. Herbst, 79.
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1161.
North Carolina: M. A, Curtis, 4456, type of H. insularis (in

Kew Herb, and in Curtis Herb. ) .
South Carolina: Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Eavenel, Fungi

Am., 123, 124.
Florida: New Smyrna, C. G. Lloyd, 2120.
Alabama: Peters, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5 : 26; Montgomery,
R. P. Burke, 53, 63 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16746, 18222).
Mississippi: Jackson, E. Bartholomew, 5780 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 9188), and in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4931.
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, cc, and an unnum-
bered collection.
Texas: Houston, H. W. Ravenel, 261.

West Virginia: Eglon, C. G. Lloyd, 1411 (in Lloyd Herb., and
in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55470) ; Paw Paw, C. L. Shear,
1178.
Michigan: Isle Royal, Allen & Shuntz, 16, comm. by Univ. of

Wisconsin Herb.
Ohio: Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2593;

College Hill, Aiken, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2328.
Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd, N; Harlan, C. H. Kauf-
man, 74 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21533).
Jamaica: Morce's Gap, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill, 732, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

[VOL. 0

362 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

32. H. episphaeria (Schw.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27:111. 1890; Cooke, Grevillea 20:11. 1891; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 11 : 123. 1895.

Thelephora episphaeria Schweinitz in Fries, Elenchus Fung.
1 : 225, 1828 ; Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4 : 169. 1832.

Type: in Herb. Schweinitz, Kew Herb., and Curtis Herb.

Fructification resupinate, effused, closely adnate, conform-
ing to the irregularities of the substratum, drying buckthorn-
brown to tawny olive ; in structure up to 90 n thick, with hyphae

rigid, interwoven, 2-2| n in diameter, giv-
ing their color to the fructification; setae
Fig. 28 60-90x9-12 n, emerging up to 15 /i, cylin-

H. episphaeria. dric, obtuse, starting directly from the
Section X 68. From dark, opaquc, delimiting zone next to the
^^" substratum, as differentiated in perma-

nent preparations which were treated with KHO solution and
stained with eosin; no spores found in type, but hyaline, even,
allantoid, 4-5x1-1-2 m in collections referred here.

Fructifications 1-2 cm. broad, 2-5 cm. long.

Under side of dead frondose limbs — type on Alnus and Dia-
trype stigma. Vermont to Pennsylvania and Illinois.

H. episphaeria resembles H. arida and H. cinnamomea in
aspect, but is thinner, lacks a hyphal layer, and has its setae
starting from the substratum, or very near it, and extending
up through the hymenium.

Specimens examined:
Vermont: Middlebury, G. G. Lloyd, 07221 (in Lloyd Herb.,

and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55558).
Massachusetts: Weston, A. B. Seymour , T 19 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 18358).
New York: Albany, G. G. Lloyd, 07120 (in Lloyd Herb., and in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55481 ) .
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz, type (in Herb. Schwei-

nitz, in Kew Herb., and in Curtis Herb.) ; Trexlertown, W,

Herbst, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 3612.
Ohio: Cincinnati, A. P. <& L. V. Morgan, under the name H.

insularis, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.
Illinois: River Forest, E. T.<& S. A. Harper, 742.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X

363

Fig. 29

H. eervina.

Section, a, X 68; seta, 6, cystidia,
0, and spores, s, X 640. From type.

33. H. eervina Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10 :
334. 1868; Cooke, Grevillea 8: 147. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6 : 596. 1888 ; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 114. 1890.

Type : in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructification resupinate, effused, adnate, very thin, usually
cracked, drying Dresden-brown, the margin thinning out; in
structure 80-200 n thick, com-
posed of densely interwoven,
suberect hyphae, of crystal-
line masses, and of setae;
hyphae 2^-3 /x in diameter,
giving their color to the fruc-
tification ; crystalline masses
12-15 /x in diameter; setae
distributed in all parts of the
section and some starting
from the substratum, 60-90 X
10-12 /i, emerging up to 40 n,
tapering from the base to a
sharp apex; spores hyaline, even, 7-9x3^ y..

Fructifications 5 cm. or more long, about 1-2 cm. broad.

On dead limbs and decorticated wood. Illinois, Louisiana,
and Cuba.

By reason of its thin fructification, few hyphae, and abun-
dant setae starting from substratum, H. eervina is near H.
episphaeria in structure and general aspect, but may be dis-
tinguished from this species by larger spores and by the
presence of cystidia which finally become crystalline masses.
Berkeley's comment that specimens of H. eervina resemble
Hymenoehaete Curtisii is misleading and probably due to his
having referred to H. eervina a collection of Stereum um-
brinum, the Curtis Herb., 2308.

Specimens examined:
Louisiana: A. B. Langlois, 267, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr.

Herb.
Cuba: C. Wright, 213, type (in Kew Herb, and in Curtis

[Vol. 5

364

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fig. 30

H. opaca.

Section X 68. From type.

Herb.) ; Alto Cedro, Underwood <& Earle, 1527, comm. by N.
Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

34. H. opaca Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Fructifications resupinate, effused, adnate, when young
slightly velvety, very thin, and between bister and Vandyke-
brown, finally becoming glabrous, somewhat thicker, Vandyke-
brown and cracked, the margin
thinning out; in structure 200-300
\i thick, lacking an intermediate
layer, with the setigerous layer very
dense and opaque and composed of
suberect, interwoven, dark hyphae,
and of setae; setae 50-90x8-10 n,
emerging up to 60 /x, starting from
all parts of the setigerous layer;
spores hyaline, even, 3|-5xli-2 ii.
Fructifications 3-5x1-2 cm.

On bark of dead frondose limbs. Wet, wooded region,
2000-4000 ft. altitude. Jamaica. December and January.

H. opaca belongs in the group with H. corrugata and H.
tenuis, from both of which it differs by its velvety surface
when young, different color, darker hyphae, and denser and
more opaque structure in sectional preparations.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Chester Vale, W. A. d Edna L. Murrill, 297, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Cinchona, W. A. <& Edna L.
Murrill, 538, type, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ; Troy
and Tyre, W. A. Murrill d W. Harris, 923, 937, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

35. H. tenuis Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Eept. 40 : 57. 1887;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 599. 1888 ; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27 : 109. 1890.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, effused, becoming confluent, very
thin, adnate, somewhat cracked, velvety, drying from raw
umber to mummy-brown, the margin thinning out, indeter-

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 365

minate ; in structure 30-75 n thick, composed of a setigerous
layer of densely interwoven hyphae 1| n in diameter and of
very numerous setae uniformly distributed from substratum

to hymenium, 36-45x5-7 /z, protruding up
to 30 IX, tapering upward, and terminating
in slender, somewhat curved, very sharp
Fig. 31 tips ; spores in spore collection white, even,

H. tenuis. flattened on one side, 4|-5^x2-2i ix.

Section X 68. From -^ , .^ , . 111^^1 ji " m

type. I' ructincations ^-liXi cm., finally con-

fluent over areas up to 7x2-2| cm.

On bark and decorticated wood of fallen limbs of Thuja,
Tsuga, and Sabal. Vermont to Florida and in British
Columbia. August to June. Rare.

H. tenuis belongs in the group of species with H. corrugata
and H. episphaeria, from which it differs by occurrence on co-
niferous substratum, raw umber color, and smaller setae
and the spores. The cracking of the fructification tends
toward rectangular areas, as in H. spreta, rather than to 5-
or 6-sided polygons, characteristic of H. corrugata.

Specimens examined:
Vermont: Ripton, E. A. Burt.
New York: Altamont, E. A. Burt; Adirondack Mts., C. H.

Peck, type (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.).
Pennsylvania: Belief onte, L. 0. Overholts, 3730 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55095).
Florida: Green Cove Springs, Dr. Martin (in Ellis Coll. of

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55004).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 499

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 3916).

36. H. fuliginosa (Pers.) Bresadola,i Ann. Myc. 1 : 93.
1903.

Thelephora fuliginosa Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1 : 145. 1822. —
Stereum fuliginosum (Pers.) Fries, Epicr. 554. 1838; Hym.

^ Bresadola states, loc. cit., that H. fuliginosa as understood by him is not H.
fuliginosa (Pers.) L6v., althougli both give the same synonymy with the name.
L€veill6's combination has priority if both authors refer to the same species and
it precludes Bresadola's later use of this name for a different species: hence, if,
as Bresadola states, U. fuliginosa sensu L€veill6 is distinct from H. fuliginosa
sensu Bresadola, then Hyinenochaete fusca Karsten is the name which should
stand instead of the combination by Bresadola.

[Vol. 5
366 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Eur. 645. 1874. — Hymenochaetella fusca Karsten, Hedwigia
35 : 174. 1896. — Hymenochaete fusca Karsten in Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 14 : 218. 1900.

Fructifications resupinate, broadly effused, adnate, thin, not
cracked, somewhat colliculose, bister to warm sepia, con-
spicuously setulose under a lens, the margin determinate ; in

structure with setigerous layer 150-
200 II thick, sessile upon the sub-
stratum; setae abundant, 60-75x8-9
II, emerging up to 45 ix, starting from
Fig. 32 all parts of the setigerous layer;

H. fuiiginosa. spores of spore collection white, even,

Section X 68. From Bres- J. \/ 9
adola. See pi. IT, f. 10. ^'^^ f^'

Covering areas up to 15x5 cm.

On decorticated, rotting wood of frondose species. Ver-
mont, Maryland, Ohio, Kentucky, and in Cuba. June to
October. Local.

H. fuiiginosa has the aspect of a resupinate H. ruhiginosa,
but is not separable and lacks the conspicuous ochraceous-
tawny margin of the latter; when sections are viewed with
the microscope they show a setigerous layer like that of H.
ruhiginosa but differing by having this setigerous layer
seated directly upon the substratum instead of upon an in-
termediate layer. The structure in section places H. fuiig-
inosa in the group of species with H. corrugata; it is distin-
guished from the latter by not cracking, by colliculose surface,
and by color. American specimens agree well with that re-
ceived from Bresadola, whom I have followed as to name for
the present.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: authentic specimen from Karsten of Hymenochaete

fusca, comm. by J. Bresadola.
Austria-Hungary: Hungary, Kmet, det. and comm. by J.

Bresadola.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, three collections, and C. G.

Lloyd, 10693 (in Lloyd Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55555).
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1157.

1918]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. X 367

Ohio: Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2642;

locality not stated, C. G. Lloyd, 3579.
Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd, 1414 (in Lloyd Herb., and

in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55556).
Cuba: C. G. Lloyd, 435 (in Lloyd Herb., and in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55156).

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN

37. Hymenochaete pallida Cooke & Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27 : 97. 1890; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9 : 227. 1891.

Type : in Kew Herb.

' ' Cartilagineo-coriacea ; pileo renif ormi v. subflabellato, ap-
planato, spongioso-velutino, pallido, concentrice sulcato-
zonato, margine sublobato, acuto; hymenio lineato-rugoso,
velutino, umbrino, subrutilante ; setis prominulis, subclavatis,
40-50x5 n\ sporae ellipsoideae, 6x3-4 /x. (Type in Herb.
Kew.)

* ' Mexico.

''Pilei thin, 1-2 in. across, densely velvety, the pile arranged
in a porous, sponge-like manner, pallid, when old almost
white." — Original description.

I did not find the type of H. pallida in Kew Herbarium and
can make no addition to the above description.

EXCLUDED SPECIES

Hymenochaete abnormis Peck, H. fimbriata Ell. & Ev.,
and H. rugispora Ell. & Ev. have colored paraphyses rather
than cystidia and will receive consideration in Stereum.

Hymenochaete crassa (Lev.) Berk, is Stereum umbrinum
or very near it.

Hymenochaete frustulosa Berk. & Curtis is Septobasidiuni
frustulosum.

Hymenochaete multispinulosa Peck is Stereum umbrmum,

Hymenochaete musicola Berk. & Curtis is an Asterostroma.

Hymenochaete paupercula Berk. & Curtis is a Peniophora.

[Vol. 5, 1918]
368 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Hymenochaete purpurea Cooke & Morgan is Stereum um-
brinum.

Hymenochaete setosa Berk. «& Curtis is a Hyphomycete.

Hymenochaete siparia Berk. & Curtis is a Septobasidium in
poor condition.

Hymenochaete tomentosa Berk. & Curtis is a Hyphomycete.

(To be continued.)

[Vol. 5, 1918]
370 ANNALS OP THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate

PLATE 16

The figures of this plate have been reproduced natural size from
dried herbarium specimens.

Fig. 1. Eymenochaete damaecomis. Figure on right, from speci-
men collected in Jamaica by L. M. Underwood, 1399; two on left,
from collection in Cuba by J. A. Shafer, 3326.

Fig. 2. H. formosa stage. From collection in British Honduras
by M. E. Peck.

Fig. 3. H. aspera. Upper figure, upper surface of reflexed por-
tion of specimen collected in Cuba by F. S. Earle, 340 ; lower figure,
hymenium of resupinate specimen collected in Cuba by Underwood
and Earle, 1513.

Fig. 4. H. badio-ferruginea. Collected at East Galway, New
York, by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 5. H. Berkeleycma. Upper figure, a rosette-like cluster
viewed from above, collected in Jamaica by W. A. and E. L. Murrill,
371; lower figure, hymenium of a single pileus.

Fig. 6. H. horealis. Upper figure, a cluster of imbricated fruc-
tifications from the type collected at Abby Pond, Ripton, Vermont,
by E. A. Burt; lower figure, hymenium of a single pileus.

Fig. 7. H. corticolor. Reflexed specimens collected at Gaines-
ville, Florida, by N, L. T. Nelson.

Ann. Mo. Bot. Card., Vol. 5, 1918

Plate 16

lUR'

'nii:i.i:i'ii()RA( i:ai-: op noriii .\.mi;kk .\

1. IIV.MKNOCIIAETE D.VM.MCCORNIS. 2. 11. l''()I<M()S.\ ST.XC.K.— .<. II. .\S1'KR.\.— 4. II. H.VIIIO-
KKKRUGINEA.— 5. II. H1<;RIvKLKV.\.\.\. -(>. II. H( )R1<;.\I.IS.— 7. H. CORTICOLOR.

rVOL. 5. 1918]
372 ANNALS OP THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate

PLATE 17

The figures of this plate have been reproduced natural size from
dried herbarium specimens.

Fig. 8. Hymenochaete cubensis. Figure on left, upper side of
pileus, and figure on right, hymenium of two small pilei, from collec-
tion in Cuba by Underwood and Earle, 1565.

Fig. 9. H. Curtisii. Reflexed specimens on bark collected near
St. Louis, Missouri, by L. O. Overholts; the lower figure shows
upper surface of the narrowly reflexed part.

Fig. 10. H. fuliginosa. Collected at Middlebury, Vermont, by
E. A. Burt.

Fig. 11. H. luteo-badia. Upper figure, upper surface, and lower
figure, hymenium of specimen from type distribution in Weigelt
Exs., 1827, collected in Dutch Guiana.

Fig. 12. H. pinnatifida. From collection at New Smyrna, Flor-
ida, by C. G. Lloyd, 2140.

Fig. 13. H. reflexa. Upper figure, upper surface, and lower
figure, hymenium of type collected in Jamaica by W. A. Murrill and
W. Harris, 989.

Fig. 14. H. ruhiginosa. Collected at Lake Dunmore, Vermont,
by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 15. E, Sallei. Upper figure, upper surface, and lower figure,
hymenium of specimen collected in Florida by C. G. Lloyd, 2071.

Fig. 16. H. tabacma. Collected at North Ferrisburg, Vermont,
by E. A. Burt. The cross lines of half-tone reproduction render
somewhat indistinct the systems of cracks of the hymenium which
were hoped to be shown.

Fig. 17. H. ungulata. From the type, collected at Jalapa,
Mexico, by W. A. and E. L. Murrill, 176.

Ann. Mo. Bot. G.'\rd.. Vol. 5, 1918

Plate 17

BURT— THEI.KPHORACEAE OF NOKIll .\MI:RICA

«. 1IV.MP:N0CHAETE CUBENSIS.— 9. II. ( IKTISII. 10. II. I' njCINOSA.— 1 1 , II. LUTEO-BADIA.-
12. II. IM\\.\riilI) A. H. II. KICKLEXA. — 14. II. Rl'BIGINOSA.— 15. II. SALLEI.—
If.. II. r.\U.\(!\A. — 17. II. rXGULATA.

The Thelephoraceae of North
America. XI

Tulasnella, Veluticeps, Mycobonia,
Epitheie, and Lachnocladium

EDWARD ANGTTS BURT

Reprinted from Annals op the Missouri Botanical
Garden 6: 253-280. November, 1919

THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XP

TuLASNELLA, Veluticeps, Mycobonia, Epithele, and

Lachnocladium

EDWARD ANGUS BURT

Mycologist and Ldbrarian to the Missouri Botanical Garden

Professor in the Henry Shaw School of Botany of

Washington University

TULASNELLA

Tulasnella Schroeter, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien 3: 397. 1888;
Juel, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Bihang till Handl. Afd. III.
2312: 21. 1897; Arkiv for Bot. 14I: 8. 1915; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
14: 234. 1899. — Prototremella Patouillard, Jour, de Bot. 2:
267. 1888. — Pachysterigma Johan-Olsen in Brefeld, Untersuch.
Myk. 8: 5. 1889; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (i : 1**) :
117. 1898.

Fungi with the aspect of Corticium and with simple ovoid to
globose basidia but having very large sterigmata, each of which
bears a spore.

The organs which have the position of sterigmata — and are so
called in the original definition of Tulasnella which I have fol-
lowed— are different from all other sterigmata which I have seen
by their spore-like form and greatly constricted connection with
the body of the basidium as compared with the diameter of the
rest of the sterigma. These organs resemble usual sterigmata
in being permanently attached to their basidia. Juel, loc. cit.,
gives cytological reasons for regarding these organs as basidio-
spores rather than as sterigmata, but basidiospores not sep-

1 Issued March 2, 1920.
Ann. Mo. Bot. Card., Vol. 6, 1919 (253)

[Vol. 6
254 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

arable at maturity from the basidia which produce them are
not known elsewhere in Basidiomijcetes, so far as I am aware.
Juel's material for cytological study proved to be the hymenium
of a Poria infested by two species of Tulasnella. For the
present, it seems less confusing in a taxonomic paper to refer to
the spore-shaped organs permanently attached to the basidia
in species of Tulasnella as sterigmata.

The specimens of Tulasnella which I have seen in vegetative
condition were slightly colored in such colors as livid pink,
dull lavender, and ecru-drab of Ridgway; specimens of all
species fade to pale olive-gray in the herbarium. The spores
were colored in the mass like the fructifications from which
they were obtained in the cases where I secured spore falls on
glass from specimens of my collection, but are hyaline under
high magnification with the microscope. The fructifications
are not adnate, as this term is applied to Peniophora cinerea,
but merely very thin and tender, for when they are moistened
small portions sufficiently large for crushing under a cover glass
may be lifted clean from the substratum with the point of a
scalpel. Such portions spread out well under the cover glass
upon application of pressure and are very satisfactory for
observation of the spores and sterigmata.

The species of Tulasnella are so similar in aspect that one has
to rely upon microscopic details — chiefly of the spores and
sterigmata — for recognition of the species. Nineteen species
of Tulasnella are listed for Europe, but upon such slight dif-
ferences in dimensions of the spores that it seems probable
that the number will be materially reduced when a revision
can be made upon the basis of first-hand knowledge of these
species.

Tulasnella has been collected in North America in northern
United States and Canada only; these gatherings are arranged
in three species.

Key to the Species

Spores subglobose, 85-6X8^ fi 1. T. Eichleriana

Spores subglobose, 5-9X4^-6 m S. T. violea

Spores more elongated, 10-15X8-5 n S. T . fusco-violacea

1919]

EURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 255

I. Tulasnella Eichleriana Bresadola, Ann. Myc. i: 113.
1903; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 209. 1905; Bourdot & Galzin, See.
Myc. Fr. Bui. 25: 32. 1909; Juel, Arkiv for Bot. 14^: 8. 1915.

Fructification effused, thin, pale lilac, finally fading to olive-
buff; in structure 20-60 ^l thick, composed of interwoven, hya-
line hyphae 3 /x in diameter; sterigmata 7-10X31-41 n; spores
hyaline, even, 3^-6X3-4 (jl.

Fructifications 3-6 X 1-1 f cm.

On rotting wood and bark of frondose species, rarely on conif-
erous substrata. Canada, New Hampshire, New York, Idaho,
and Washington. July to November.

Fig. 1. T. Eichleriana. Young basidium, a,
beginning formation of sterigmata; older basid-
ium, b, having full-grown sterigmata; collapsed
basidium, c, with spore attached to one sterigma;
sterigma, d, bearing a spore; spores, s; hypha, h.
X 870.

T. Eichleriana is noteworthy by having the smallest spores
and sterigmata which are known in the genus. In these details
American collections agree so closely with those of European
specimens of T. Eichleriana that one can hardly doubt their
being this species although authentic specimens have not been-
at hand for verification.
Specimens examined:
Canada: /. Macoun, 21.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 13.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 1, 4, 6**, and two

unnumbered specimens (the last three specimens in Mo.

Bot. Card. Herb., 55270, 55276, and 55597), and Nos. A

and C (in Farlow Herb.).

[Vol. 6
256 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Massachusetts: Sharon, A. P. D. Piguet, B, E (in Farlow Herb.).

New York: Ithaca, comm. by G. F. Atkinson, 2817.

Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 391 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

15657).
Washington: Chehalis C. J. Humphrey, 628^.

2. T. violea (Quelet) Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui.
25:31. 1909.

Hypochnus violeus Quelet, Ass. Fr. Av. Sci. 1882: 401. 1883.
— Prototremella Tulasnei Patouillard, Jour, de Bot. 2: 270.
text f. 1-3. 1888; Essai Taxon. Hym. 27. text /. 19. 1900;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 236. 1891. — Tulasnella Tulasnei (Patouil-
lard) Juel, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Bihang till Handl. Afd. III.
2312: 21. 1897; Arkiv for Bot. 14I: 8. 1915; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
14: 234. 1899; Bresadola, Ann. Myc. i: 114. 1903.— T.
incarnata Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 25: 31. 1909. —
An Corticium incarnatum var. pinicolum Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. V. 15: 227. pi. 10. f. 3-6. 1872?— Not Pachysterigmata
incarnata Johan-Olsen in Brefeld, Untersuch. Myk. 8: 7.
pi. 1. f. 1-2. 1889. — Not Corticium roseolum Karsten, Soc.
pro Fauna et Fl. Fenn. Meddel. 16: 2. 1888.

Illustrations: Patouillard, loc. cit.

Type: specimens determined by Quelet in Bourdot Herb,
and a fragment in Burt Herb.

Fructification effused, thin, livid pink to dull lavender, fading
in the herbarium to olive-buff; in structure 30-70 m thick, com-
posed of interwoven hyaline hyphae 3 ^ in diameter; sterigmata
7-10X5-6 n, with the main portion nearly spherical; spores
subglobose, even, 5-9X4|-6 /x.

Fructifications 1^-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad.

On wood and fallen branches of frondose species, rarely on
pine. New England, New York, and Washington. March
to November.

This species is distinguished from T. Eichleriana by larger
spores and sterigmata. The spores are usually about 6 X 5 m,
with a sUght point of attachment at the base; the body portion
of the sterigma has about the same dimensions as the spores.
The fructifications are too thin and tender to permit of large

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI

257

portions being separated from the substratum, but they are not
adnate, for upon moistening the fructification small portions
large enough for preparation under a cover glass may be lifted
from the substratum with the point of a scalpel.

It seems probable that Corticium incarnatum var. pinicolum
Tul. must have been either the present species or T. Eichleriana,
on account of the subglobose spores which the Tulasnes figured,
although unfortunately without stating spore dimensions or
scale of magnification of their figures.

Von Hohnel & Litschauer have published^ that Corticium
roseolum Karst. is the same species as Tulasnella Tulasnei.
I have studied an authentic specimen of C. roseolum communi-
cated to me by Karsten; this species is not distinguishable in

Fig. 2. T. violea. Young basidium, y; young basidium, a,
forming sterigmata; basidium, h, with nearly full-grown sterig-
mata; old, collapsed basidium, c, from whose sterigmata the
spores have fallen; spores, s. X 870. From specimen deter-
mined by Quelet.

coloration and aspect from several sendings of T. Tulasnei
i = T. violea), also on Betula, received from Romell and cited
below, but it is entirely different in microscopic characters.
This specimen of C. roseolum agrees well with the description
published by Karsten; its spores are hyaline, even, 4-6X3-3| /i,
borne 4 to a basidium on very slender sterigmata of the usual
Corticium kind; the basidia are simple, cylindric or clavate,
9-10X4-41 fj.; the hyphae are sometimes nodose-septate, and
some are incrusted in the region of the substratum. Karsten's
publication of Corticium roseolum antedates that by Massee and
renders unnecessary Corticium subroseum Sacc. & Syd. in
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14: 223. 1899.

1 K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Sitzungsber. 115: 1557. 1906.

258

[Vol. 6

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 125, I4I, I42, 143, 149, 150, 18 4.
Austria-Hungary: Sonntagberg, Strasser, comm. by Bresadola

under the name T. incarnata.
France: Aveyron, A. Galzin, comm. by H. Bourdot, 15423;

Allier, H. Bourdot, 1798, determined bj^ Quelet, and 3765

under the name T. incarnata.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow.
Vermont: Little Notch, Bristol, E. A. Burt; Middlebury, E. A.

Burt; Chapman's Mill, Middlebury, E. A, Burt.
Massachusetts: Magnolia, W. G. Farlow (in Farlow Herb.);

Sharon, A. P. D. Piguet, comm. by W. G. Farlow, N (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55002); Sherborn, H. P. Morse,

comm. by W. G. Farlow; Waltham, W. G. Farlow (in

Farlow Herb.).
New York: East Gal way, E. A. Burt.
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 906.

p^3. T. fusco-violacea Bresadola, Fungi Tridentini 2: 98. pi.
210. f. 1. 1900; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 203. 1902; Bourdot
&|Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 25: 31. 1909; Juel, Arkiv for
Bot. 14I: 8. 1915.

Illustrations: Bresadola, Fungi Tridentini 2: jpl. 210. J. 1.
Type: authentic specimen in Burt Herb.
Fructification effused, thin, ecru-drab, fading to pale smoke-
gray and pale olive-gray in the
herbarium; in structure 40-60
11 thick, composed of hyaline,in-
terwoven hyphae 4-5 m in diam-
eter; sterigmata 12-15X4^-6 n]
spores hyaline under the micro-
scope, even, 10-15X3-5 y..

Fructifications 3-5 cm. in di-
ameter.

On bark of Abies and some-
times of frondose species. New
Hampshire to Pennsylvania.
August to December. Rare.

Fig. 3. T. fusco-violacea. Basidium, c,
with fully developed sterigmata; spores,
8; hypha, h. X 870. From authentic
specimen from Bresadola. One spore
shows a curious projection.

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 259

T. fusco-violacea is distinguished from the other species
hitherto found in North America by having slender and elon-
gated, rather than subglobose, spores. Bresadola described the
color of the fructification as fusco-violaceous when in vegetative
condition, drying lilacinus; I have seen dried specimens only,
and that from Bresadola is now pale smoke-gray.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: Femsjo, L. Romell, 4^8.
Tyrol: Cavalente, G. Bresadola.
New Hampshire: Crawford Notch, L. 0. Overholts, 4883 (in

Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 56076).
Pennsylvania: Trexlertown, W. Herbst, 53.

VELUTICEPS

Veluticeps Cooke emend. Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. lo:
78. pi. 3.f. 1. 1894; Cooke, GrevilleaS: 148. 1880 (in part).—
Veluticeps as a section of Hymenochaete Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 27:116. 1890; not of Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 600. 1888.

Hymenium velvety with fascicles of colored, flexuous hyphae.

The type species is Veluticeps Berkeleyi Cooke, which was
published originally as Hymenochaete veluticeps Berk. & Curtis.

The fructifications are pileate in the species best known;
either dimidiate in our single Cuban species or sessile and
attached by the vertex in the species occurring on the opposite
side of the world in New South Wales. In both species the
fascicles of colored hyphae are 800 n or more long, about 40-60 n
in diameter, and traverse the whole or a large part of the fructi-
fication perpendicular to the surface of the hymenium, beyond
which they protrude up to 40-100 n. The colored hyphae com-
posing the fascicles are about 4^ n in diameter, cylindric, some-
times granule-incrusted — especially in the deeper portions of
the fructification — and are closely crowded together, perhaps
20 or more to a fascicle; they have the character of the colored
cystidia, which are scattered between the basidia in the hyme-
nium of Stereum abietinum, S. glaucescens, and S. abnormis,
rather than of the conical, pointed setae characteristic of species
of Hymenochaete. The genera Mycobonia and Epithele are
closely related to Veluticeps by fascicles of hyphae protruding

260

tVoL. 6

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

from the hymenium, but have the fascicles composed of hyaUne
hyphae.

Will

m

Veluticeps Berkeley! Cooke, Grevillea 8: 149. 1880; Pat-
ouillard, Myc. Soc. Fr. Bui. lo: 77. pi 3. f. 1. 1894.

Hymenochaete veluticeps Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10 : 333. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 600. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 116. 1890.

Illustrations: Myc. Soc. Fr. Bui. 10: pi. 3. f. 1.
Type: in Kew Herb, and in Curtis Herb.
Fructification dimidiate, coriaceous, hard and brittle, on the
upper side brown, sulcate-zonate, velutinous, becoming glabrous;
hymenium pallid cinnamon, plane, thickly studded with pro-
truding fascicles of very dark
hyphae; in structure 1-2 mm.
thick, composed throughout of
colored hyphae arranged in three
layers, a broad intermediate layer
of longitudinally arranged hyphae
which turn upward on the upper
side to form the velutinous surface
layer and turn downward on the
opposite side and terminate in
the hymenium ; bister -c olored
hyphal fascicles 40-60 m in diam-
eter, 800 M or more long, extend
through the under layer of tawny olive subhymenial hyphae and
protrude up to 40-60 m beyond the basidia; spores not found.

On logs in woods, often on the under side. May, July.
Cuba.

V . Berkeleyi may be recognized by its aspect of a Hydnum
which upon close examination shows its teeth-like projections on
the hymenial side to be really hyphal fascicles not covered by the
hymenium. The spores were found to be ovoid and hyaline by
Patouillard. Six collections of this species by C. Wright are
reported by Berkeley & Curtis in Fungi Cubenses, from which it
would seem that the species is common, but I have been able to
see no more recent collections from any source. It is possible

Fig. 4. V. Berkeleyi. Section of
fructification at left, showing hyphal
fascicles, X 19; at right, a single
fascicle, X 90.

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 261

that my correspondents have roughly classified their collections
of this species as a Hydnum and withheld specimens of it.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 26 U (in Curtis Herb.).

In working over the species of Aleurodiscus which have been
described, I found that the Aleurodiscus tahacinus Cooke should
be transferred to Veluticeps. Although the species is extra
limital and not likely to be found in North America, I now
make this transfer and add the following notes on structure:

Veluticeps tabacina (Cooke) Burt, n. comb.

Aleurodiscus tahacinus Cooke, GrevillesL 14: 11. 1885; Handb.
Australian Fungi, 193. 1892. — Corticium tabacinum (Cooke)
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 607. 1888.

Fructifications pileate, hemispherical or cup-shaped, sessile,
apparently attached by the vertex, drying nearly black; in
structure 800 n thick, with a nearly black, crust-like zone on the
upper side, from which a broad layer of hyaline hyphae extends
to the hymenium and is traversed by brown hyphal fascicles;
hymenium drying Verona brown, not covering the protruding
fascicles; fascicles about 6 to a mm., 50-60 m in diameter, up to
900 /x long, protruding up to 100 /x beyond the hymenium, com-
posed of flexuous, colored hyphae 3 m in diameter; basidia simple,
100X9-10 n, bearing the spores on 4 slender sterigmata; spores
hyaline, even, flattened on one side, 16X6 n.

Fructifications 2-3 mm. in diameter, 1-H mm. thick.

On wood. New South Wales.

V. tabacina is distinct from V. Berkeleyi by attachment of its
pileus by the center, and by its hyaline substance and sub-
hymenial tissue; when a fertile specimen of V. Berkeleyi is
available, a difference in spores may perhaps be found.

Specimens examined:
Australia: New South Wales, comm. by G. Massee (in N. Y.
Bot. Card. Herb.).

MYCOBONIA

Mycohonia Patouillard, Myc. Soc. Fr. Bui. 10: 76. 1894
(with diagnosis under Bonia Patouillard, Myc. Soc. Fr. Bui. 8:

[Vol. 6
262 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

48. 1892, but not Bonia Balansa). — Grandinioides Banker,
Torr. Bot. Club Mem. 12: 179. 1906.

Thelephoraceous fungi having the hymenium bristling with
short cylindric fascicles of hyaline hyphae which arise from the
subhymenial tissue.

The type species is Mycohonia flava.

Patouillard intended at first that this genus should include
both resupinate and pileate species, but he soon transferred the
known resupinate species to Heterochaete on account of the
longitudinally septate basidia. A few years later he introduced
Epiihele in connection with resupinate species, having hyphal
fascicles like those of Mycohonia fiava.

Key to the Species

Fructification sessUe / . M. flava

Fructification stipitate 2. M. hrunneolevca

I. Mycohonia flava (Swartz) Patouillard, Myc. Soc. Fr.
Bui. lo: 76. vl 3. /. 2. 1894; lUd. i6: 180. 1900.

Hydnum flavum Swartz ex Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
I. lo: 380. vl. 10. f. 8. 1842; Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. lo: 324.
1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 456. IS^^.—Peziza flava Swartz,
Prodr. 150. 1788; Fl. Ind. Oc. 3: 1939. 1806.— 5oma flava
(Berk.) Patouillard in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfianzenfam. (i.
1**): 123. text f. 68G-H. 1S9S.— Grandinioides flavum
(Swartz) Banker, Torr. Bot. Club Mem. 12: 179. 1906.

Illustrations: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. i. 10: pi. 10. f. 8; Myc.
Soc. Fr. Bui. 10: pi. S.f. 2; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfianzenfam.
(i. 1**): textf.68G-H.

Type: in British Mus. Herb, according to Berkeley, loc. cit.

Fructification coriaceous, convex, somewhat orbicular to reni-
form, sessile, attached by a point on one side, even, glabrous,
drying ochraceous buff to cinnamon; hymenium ochraceous
buff, with numerous short hyphal fascicles suggesting the
teeth of a Hydnum; fascicles cylindric, 5-6 to a mm., 60-120 X
40-60 M, composed of hyaline or subhyaline hyphae; basidia
simple, clavate, 30X6-7^ n; spores hyaline, even, 10-16X6 n,
not seen attached to the basidia.

Fructifications 1-3 cm. long, l|-3 cm. broad.

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI

263

On fallen branches and old logs. Florida, Louisiana, Jamaica,
West Indies, and Venezuela. August to November.

When examined by the naked eye or with a magnifying glass,
M.flava is not distinguishable from a Hydnum, but when sections
are examined with the compound microscope, the hymenium is
found to be a plane surface pierced here and there by the pro-
truding fascicles of hyphae. The spore dimensions are those
of spores which were on the surface of the hymenium. A
specimen in the collection from Florida has a stem 1 mm. long,
but the spores are 13X6| m and other characters such that I
refer the collection to M. flava.

Fig. 5. M. flava. Section of fructification, a, showing hyphal
fascicles, /, X 90; spores, s, X 870.

Specimens examined:

Florida: Cocoanut Grove, R. Thaxter (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
43985).

Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois.

Cuba: C Wright (in Curtis Herb.) ; Guantonamo (in Weir Herb.,
10849) ; Pinar del Rio San Diego de los Banos, N. L. Britton,
F. S. Earle & C. S. Gager, 6823 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56075); Puerto
Principe, F. S. Earle, 312.

2. M. brunneoleuca (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard, Myc. Soc.
Fr. Bui. i6: 181. 1900; Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles Fr. 233. 1903.

Hydnum hrunneoleucum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Trans. 22:
129. 1857; Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 325. 1868; Sacc. SylL

[Vol. 6
264 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fung. 6: 457. 1888. — Grandinioides flavum (Swartz) Banker,
Torr. Bot. Club Mem. 12: 179. 1906 (in part).

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Pileus helmet-shaped to flabelliform, vaulted, thin, yellowish
brown, slightly streaked behind, glabrous; stem very short,
brownish; hymenium whitish, sprinkled with many scattered
strong bristles.

Pileus 3^-4 cm. long, nearly as broad.

On dead wood. Martinique and Venezuela.

Patouillard has noted in the place cited that the pileus may
attain a diameter of 15 cm., and that the stem is short, thick,
and black at the base. Banker includes M. brunneoleuca in
M. flava as a poorly developed form.

I have examined no specimens of M. brunneoleuca. The
description of the species is that given by Berkeley & Curtis.

EPITHELE

Epithele (as a section of Hypochnus) Patouillard, Myc. Soc.
Fr. Bui. 15: 202. 1S99.— Epithele Patouillard, Essai Taxon.
Hym. 59. 1900; Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles Fr. 226. 1903; v.
Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1595.
1906; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 264. 1911.

Resupinate thelephoraceous fungi lacking an intermediate
layer and having the hymenium bristling with short cylindric
fascicles of hyaline hyphae which arise from the subhymenial
tissue.

The type species is Epithele Dussii.

The four species of Epithele, known at present, are very thin
and delicate in structure and constitute a natural group which
is not connected with Mycobonia by thick resupinate species
with either an intermediate layer or with a doubtful inter-
mediate layer — doubtful merely because the hyphae are inter-
woven rather than arranged longitudinally in the region of the
intermediate layer. Epithele Typhae (Pers.) Pat. is a frequent
species in Europe on dead leaf bases of Typha; if present in the
United States, it may have been regarded as one of the Hyd-
naceae on account of the hyphal fascicles in the hymenium.

19191

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 265

Key to the Species

Fructification elliptical, white; spores 6-7X2^-3 m; on tree fern I.E. Dussii

Fructification interruptedly effused, sulphur-yellow; spores 9-12X7-9 m! on

palmetto 2. E. sulphurea

I. Epithele Dussii Patouillard, Essai Taxon. Hym. 59. 1900;
Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles Fr. 226. 1903.

Hypochnus Dussii Patouillard, Myc. Soc. Fr. Bill. 15: 202.
1899; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 197. 1902.— Pejiiophora Dussii
(Patouillard) v. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungs-
ber. 116: 749. textf. 2. 1907.

Fructification resupinate, very thin, strongl}' adhering, form-
ing a coating well defined, white or whitish, 3-15X3-4 mm.;
fascicles very numerous, erect, white, 20-25 y. in diameter, pro-
truding up to 100 M, composed of hyphae; basidia 2- or 4-spored,
13X6 n; spores hyaline, even, attenuated towards the apex,
6-7X2^-3 m; layer between hymenium and substratum about
20 M thick.

On dead trunks of tree ferns. Guadeloupe and Venezuela.

The type, which I have not seen, was collected on the dead
trunk of Alsophila aspera. The collection from Venezuela,
cited below, although lacking spores, has the characteristic
hyphal fascicles of Epithele Dussii and agrees well with Patouil-
lard's description except in being broadly effused. This speci-
men is 10 cm. long, 1| cm. wide, and broken off with the sub-
stratum along one side and at both ends; hence the fructifications
probably become long and widely effused.

Specimens examined:
Venezuela: Mt. El Val, A. F. Blakeslee, J 2, comm. by W. G.

Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 13614).

2. E. sulphurea Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Farlow Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, interruptedly effused, drying pale
sulphur-yellow to marguerite-yellow ; in structure 300 m thick,
composed of loosely interwoven, thick-walled, hyaline hyphae
2-3 M in diameter; fascicles about 9 to a mm., 15-30 n in diameter,
protruding up to 100 n, composed of hyaline hyphae; basidia

[ToL. 6
266 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

simple, 8-10 m in diameter, 4-spored; spores hyaline,
9-12X7-9 M.

even,

a-5^S^JEl£iii<3'(^'\^i

M

MJ-

Fig. 6. E. sulphurea. Section of fructification,
a, showing hyphal fascicles, /, X 19; basidium, b,
and spores, s, X 650.

On palmetto. Florida. Autumn.

E. sulphurea is noteworthy by its greenish yellow color and
spores much larger than those of other species of this genus.
Collections of this species are likely to be included in Hydnum
or Odontia, unless examination of sectional preparations is made
with the microscope to show that teeth covered bj^ the hymenium
are not present.

Specimens examined:
Florida: Palm Beach, R. Thaxter, 52, type (in Farlow Herb, and

in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43940).

LACHNOCLADIUM

Lachnocladium Leveille in d'Orbigny, Diet. Hist. Nat. 8:487.
1846; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. lo: 192. 1888;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 738. 1888; Patouillard, Jour, de Bot. 3:
23. pi 1. 1889; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (i: 1**):
137. 1898.— Enodadws LeveilM, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5:
158. 1846, but not of Lindley.

Fructifications coriaceous or somewhat coriaceous, branched,
tomentose; branches compressed or terete; coralloid fungi
growing on wood or on the ground.

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 267

This genus was founded upon a group of seven species, of
which none was designated as the type species.

The distinctive characters of Lachnocladium are coriaceous
consistency and more or less hairy covering of fructifications;
by these characters the genus is distinguished from Clavaria.
At the time of publication of Lachnocladium under the name
Eriocladus, as first proposed, Leveille restricted the Persoonian
genus Merisma to glabrous, coriaceous, branched species of the
Clavariaceae. He had Clavaria include fleshy species only,
Merisma, the glabrous coriaceous species, and Lachnocladium,
tomentose species so tomentose that the branches were tomen-
tose. Mycologists have not accepted Merisma as understood
by Leveille ; they have transferred to Pterula most of the species
which Leveille had in Merisma, and have by their usage modified
the idea of Lachnocladium by publishing as members of this
genus many species which do not have their branches tomentose
but differ from branched species of Clavaria by being coriaceous.

Lachnocladium comprises a series of species parallel with
Clavaria; some of the species have hyaline spores, others have
more or less ochraceous spores, some, even spores, and some,
rough-walled to aculeate spores. Species with dark-colored,
more or less rough-walled to muricate spores are better refer-
able to Thelephora.

Leveille regarded Lachnocladium as one of the Clavariaceae
and the genus is located there in Saccardo's ' Sylloge Fungorum'
and by Hennings in Engler & Prantl's 'Nat. Pflanzenfam.'
Berkeley & Curtis arranged the species of Lachnocladium be-
tween those of Thelephora and Stereum in their 'Notices of
North American Fungi '^ and 'Fungi Cubenses.'^ Patouillard
includes Lachnocladium in his series of Thelephores. In North
America there are no species connecting, or intermediate be-
tween, Lachnocladium and Thelephora. While I have had no
opportunity to study the various exotic species with dark-
colored, echinulate spores which have been published as Lach-
nocladium, it seems very probable that the transfer of such
species to Thelephora near Thelephora anthocephala would

iGrevillea 1: 161. 1873.

2 Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. lo: 330. 1868.

[Vol. 6
268 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

leave the remaining species of Lachnocladium clearly in the
Clavariaceae.

I include Lachnocladium for reference by students of the
Thelephoraceae because some authors have regarded it as a mem-
ber of the latter family.

Collectors' field notes on whether the species are coriaceous
or fleshy at the time of collecting are necessary for sharply
separating Lachnocladium and Clavaria, for it is evident that
these characters may not be well shown in the case of dried
specimens of some species.

Key to the Species

Spores hyaline 1

Spores more or less ochraceous 4

Spores dark-colored; in Guadeloupe 11. L. guadelupense

1 . Spores ovoid or cylindric 2

1 . Spores subglobose 3

2. Spores even, 3-4^X2-2^ n; radiately branched organs like those of

Asterostroma present; Cuba to Brazil 1. L. brasiliense

2. Spores even, 9X6 m! fructification somewhat cartilaginous; in Cuba. . .

2. L. cartilagineum

2. Spores even, 6-12X3-3|ai; fructification dry, 25-4 cm. high; on rotting

leaves, Vermont to Ohio 3. L. Micheneri

2. Spores even, 12-15 X5-6ai; fructification 3-4 cm. high, everywhere clothed

with whitish down; in Pennsylvania 4- L. semivestitum

2. Spores 7-10X2§-4| fx] fructifications 8 cm. high; on wood; Connec-
ticut 12 L. odoratum

3. Spores even, 3-3^X2^-3 fx; fructification 2§ cm. high; on the ground, New

Jersey and Pennsylvania 5.L. suhsimile

3. Spores even, 3|-4i m in diameter; fructification 4 cm. high; on wood, Cuba

6. L. cervinum

3. Spores even, 9^X8-9 m; on the ground, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and

New York 7 . L bicolor

4. Spores even, 7-12X45-6 m; fructification velvety, ochraceous-ferru-

ginous, 7-12 cm. high; on rotten wood. South America. . . .8. L. furcellatum
4. Spores even, 6-7 X 3-31 m; fructification drying drab, clothed with a gray

down, 8 cm. high; on wood. West Virginia 9. L. ereclum

4. Spores even, 9-10 X 4^-55 y.; stem 1 cm. in diameter; branch portion 6-7

cm. high, 5-6 cm. broad; North Carolina 10. L. Atkinsonii

I. Lachnocladium brasiliense Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
III. 5: 159. 1846 (Eriocladus) ; Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 10; 330. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 738. 1888; Patouil-
lard, Jour, de Bot. 3: 26. pi 1. f. 5. 1889. Plate 5, fig. 1.

Illustrations: Patouillard, loc. cit.

1919]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 269

Type : stated by Leveille to be in De CandoUe Herb. ; Patouil-
lard notes a specimen of original locality and collector — Bahia,
Blanchet — in Museum of Paris Herb.

Fructification very short-stipitate, most highly branched,
coriaceous, drying to tawny olive; branches solid, terete, dichot-
omous, with slender acute tips; spores hyaline, even, 3-4 |X
2-2| iJL, borne on simple basidia; underneath the hymenium
radiately branched organs like those of Asterostroma, pale-
colored, with slender, flexuous rays up to 30 X 3 m, are abundant

Fig. 7. L. brasiliense. Antler-shaped and star-
shaped organs, a; spores, s. X 870.

and form the outer part of the medullary part of the branches
and the somewhat spongy outer surface of the fructification
where the hymenium is absent.

Fructifications 3-5 cm. high, about 3 cm. in diameter.

On rotting wood. Cuba to Brazil.

L. brasiliense is distinguished by its small, hyaline spores and
by the brownish, antler-shaped and star-shaped organs, the
latter suggestive of those of Asterostroma, which are abundant
underneath the hymenium and form the sterile surface else-
where.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright (in Curtis Herb., under the name Thelephora
brasiliensis L6v.) ; C. Wright, 831, under the name Lach-
nodadium furcellatum (in Curtis Herb, and in Mo. Bot.
Card. Herb., 43838).

2. L. cartilagineum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
lo: 330. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 739. 1888; Patouillard,
Jour, de Bot. 3:26. pl.l.f.4. 1889. Plate 5, fig. 2.

Illustrations: Patouillard, loc. cit.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

[Vol. 6
270 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications somewhat cartilaginous, erect, drying honey-
yellow to olive-brown, densely and repeatedly branched above;
branches cylindric, very sharp-pointed; stem
/ [ slender, cylindric, strigose-hairy at the base;

C-j/\ spores hyaline, even, 9X6 m, slightly flattened
\^ on one side, apiculate.
Fig. 8. Fructifications 4 cm. high, 1-2^ cm. in diam-

L. cartilagineum. eter; stem l|-2 cm. long, \\-2 mm. in diameter.
Spores, X 870. q^ ^j^g ground. October. Cuba.

Patouillard has noted the spores of this species as ochraceous
and a little smaller than I find them. The spores are very
abundant in preparations from the type specimen, but the
basidia are not well enough preserved to demonstrate whether
simple or longitudinally cruciately septate.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 20 J^, type (in Curtis Herb.).

3. L. Micheneri Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i: 161. 1873;
Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 192. 1888;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 739. 1888; Hard, Mushrooms, 476. text
f. 401. 1908. Plate 5, fig. 3.

Clavaria fragrans Ell. & Ev. N. Am. Fungi, 2023. 1888.
See Cooke, Grevillea 17: 59. 1889.^An Lachnocladium odo-
ratum Atkinson, Ann. Myc. 6: 58; 1908?

Illustrations: Hard, Mushrooms, textf. 4OI.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications gregarious, coriaceous, dry, repeatedly forked
and branched and drjdng drab-gray above; stem cylindric,

light buff, tomentose below, arising singly

0/^ or in a few individuals from more or

^^ A (Jfp less effused, mycelial patches on decaying
a^ 0 4- leaves ; smaller branches filiform, flexuous,
^. ^ r ,^. , with paler tips ; irregular, tomentose patches

Fig. 9. L.Mtchenen. \ f ' ° 1 i i i

Spores, X 87; o, from type; at various places on main trunk, branches,
b, from Burt coll. or axils of branches where hymenium has

failed to develop; hymenium glabrous,
no cystidia nor hairs present; spores hyaline, even, 6-12
X3-3I Pi.

1919]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 271

Fructifications 2^-4 cm. high, 1-1| cm. broad; main stem 2-3
mm. in diameter.

On rotting leaves in groves. Canada to New Jersey and
westward to Missom-i.

This species forms an orbicular, villose or mycelial patch on
the surface of leaves— very often beech leaves — and from these
patches arise one or two stems, which are tomentose below.
In the field notes of this species I have the record, ''bitter to
taste," but the dried specimens are not bitter now.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2023, type distribution of

Clavaria fragrans; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1022.
Canada: Ontario, London, /. Dearness, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col.,

1022.
Vermont: Newfane, C. D. Howe; Sudbury, E. A. Burt.
New York: Snyders, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

and in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 56113).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi,

2023.
Pennsylvania: E. Michener, 479, type (in Curtis Herb., 3534);

Bethlehem, Schweinitz, the Clavaria crispula and C. bys-

siseda of Schweinitz, Syn. N. Am. Fungi, 1024 and 1034

respectively (in Herb. Schweinitz).
Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 3817 (in Lloyd Herb., Burt Herb., Farlow

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44653); Oxford, L. 0.

Overholts, 1487 (in Overholts Herb.).
Missouri: Wickes,^. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43813.)

4. L. semivestitum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i: 161. 1873;
Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 192. 1888; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 739. 1888. Plate 5, fig. 4.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, erect, repeatedly furcate-branched,
the branches terete, rather straight, rising rather close together,
everywhere clothed with whitish down except on the final
branchlets, drying between light brownish olive and bufify
brown; spores of the type hyaline, even, 12-15X5-6 m-

Fructifications 3-4 cm. high, about 1 cm. in diameter across
branches.

[Vol. 6
272 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On the ground. Pennsylvania.

The fructifications of L. semivestitum probably occur solitary

or gregarious on the ground. Distinguishing characters are
slender, erect habit of growth, appressed branches,
and large, hyaline, even spores. In the dried
specimen the branches are pruinose rather than
hairy. Cooke referred to L. semivestitum the
specimens distributed by Ell. & Ev., N. Am.

L semivestitum. Fungi, 2024, under the name Clavaria velutina Ell.

Spores, X 870; & Ev. without description, and Ellis & Everhart

from type. distributed in Fungi Col., 808, under the name

L. semivestitum specimens growing on rotten wood

in West Virginia, but neither of these distributions can be L.

semivestitum, for their spores are much too small.
Specimens examined:

Pennsylvania: E. Michener, 1184, type (in Curtis Herb., 4260).

5. L. subsimile Berk. Grevillea i: 161. 1873; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 739. 1888. Plate 5, fig. 5.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, slender, delicately and repeatedly
dichotomously branched, minutely tomentose except on the

branchlets, drying between light brownish
^ 0 0 olive and buffy brown; spores hyaline, even,

I loo 3-3iX2i-3M.

Fructification 2| cm. high, | cm. in diameter.
Fig. 11. On ground in woods. New Jersey and Penn-

Sport'^x'^STO- a, ^ylvania. September.

from type; b, from L. suhsimile in its dried condition has colora-
Michener specimen tion and general aspect very like L. semivestitum
m Mo. Bot. Gard. |^^^ ^j^^ branches of the former curve rather

more apart at the axils and are not as closely
appressed above. Only three spores were found in a preparation
from the specimen in Curtis Herb., which may be rather im-
mature ; these spores are very small in comparison with those of
L. semivestitum. The specimen distributed in Ell. & Ev., N.
Am. Fungi, 2024, under the name Clavaria velutina E. & E.,
without description, and the collection from Pennsylvania, both

19191

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 273

of which are cited below as L. subsimile, have their spores some-
what rough and may be specifically distinct from this species.
Nevertheless I am inclined to regard both collections as the
fully mature L. subsimile. The type of L. subsimile was pub-
lished as Curtis Herb. No. 4600, which appears to be an error for
4690, the number borne by the specimen to which other data
point as the specimen referred to by the description. Ellis notes
for his distribution, "Milk white when fresh. Spores white."

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2024, under the name

Clavaria velutina.
New Jersey: Laning, 49, probable type (in Curtis Herb., 4690);

Newfield, /. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2024.
Pennsylvania: E. Michener (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56077).

6. L. cervinum (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard, Jour, de Bot.
3:26. 1888. Plate 5, fig. 9.

Clavaria cervina Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. lo:
338. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 716. ISSS.— Clavaria pallida
Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. lo: 338. 1868; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 714. 1888. — Lachnocladium pallidum (Berk. &
Curtis) Patouillard, Jour, de Bot. 3: 26. 1888.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, branched, becoming tawny olive in
the herbarium, hairy with hyaline, thin-walled
hairs 1 ^ m in diameter which protrude 10 n beyond
the basidia and are longer on the stem; branches
repeatedly forked, slender, with very acute tips;
spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 3f-4| m-

Fructifications 4 cm. high.

On dead wood. Cuba. July.

The type of C. pallida is a little more densely branched than
that of C. cervina, but the specimens are so similar in other
respects that they can hardly be regarded as different species.
Patouillard published the spores as pale ochraceous, but I
find them hyaline as seen with the microscope.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 235, type (in Curtis Herb.); C. Wright, 256,
type of Clavaria pallida (in Curtis Herb.).

0 0

00

Fig. 12.

L. cervinum.

Spores, X 870

[Vol. 6
274 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

7. L. bicolor (Peck) Burt, n. comb. Plate 5, fig. 6.
Clavaria bicolor Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 954. 1902.

Not C. bicolor Massee, Kew Bui. 1901 : 154. 1901. — C. Peckii
Sacc. & D. Sacc. in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 196. 1905. — C. vestipes
Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 116: 35. 1907.
Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

Fructifications small, 2-2^ cm. high, gregarious;
(^ stem slender, 1-2 mm. thick, straight or flexuous,

/^ /^ solid, tomentose, pale yellow, divided above into
\y two or more short, orange-colored, compressed

branches which are themselves once or twice
L bicolor dichotomously divided; tips acute, concolorous.

Spores, X 870. Under pine trees. New Hampshire, Massachu-
setts, and New York. August and September.
The specimens which I have referred to this species are larger
in the Massachusetts collection and range from 2^ to 5 cm. high;
towards the base the stem is hirsute-tomentose and has
dried tawny olive, honey-yellow in the upper portions; the
basidia are 45X8 /z, with two sterigmata; and the spores are
hyaline, even, subglobose, 9|X8-9 fx. Verification by com-
parison with the type was overlooked.

Specimens examined:
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow (in Farlow Herb.).
Massachusetts: Coolidge Point, Magnolia, W. G. Farlow.

8. L. furcellatum (Fries) Leveille, as understood by Patouil-
lard, Jour, de Bot. 3 : 26. pi l.f.3. 1889; LeveiM, Ann. Sci.
Nat. Bot. III. 5: 159. 1846 (Eriocladus) ; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6: 738. 1888; Not of Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:
330. 1868. Plate 5, fig. 7.

Clavaria furcellata Fries, Linnaea 5: 531. 1830; Epicr. 576,
1838.

Illustrations: Plumier, Filic. Am. pi. 168. /. L. 1705; Patouil-
lard, Jour, de Bot. 3 : pL l.f. 3. 1889.

Fructifications ascending, somewhat ferruginous, with
branches solid, repeatedly dichotomous, distant, rather tough,
velvety, acuminate.

1919]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI

275

Fructifications 7-12 cm. high, paUid ferruginous to ochraceous
ferruginous. On rotting wood.

The original description, of which the above is a translation,
was based upon collections from Guiana by Roxburgh and
Brazil by Beyrich, with reference to the same species of a col-
lection from Bourbon Island by Bory, which differed from the
South American specimens by decumbent habit, etc.

At the time of publication of L. furcellaturn, Fries gave only
characters sufficient to distinguish this species from an earlier
species, L. tubulosum, occurring in the same region and having
hollow branches. In the course of time several species of

Fig. 14. L. furceUatum. Portion of hy-
menium showing basidia and a hair, a; spores,
s. X 870. From Colombia coll.

South American Lachnocladium with solid stems have been recog-
nized, but I have so far failed to find any study upon the original
specimens of Clavaria furcellata Fries — if these specimens still
exist — which gives their microscopical characters and will decide
whether L. furceUatum as understood by Patouillard or some
other Lachnocladiwn with solid branches, is the true L. furcel-
latum (Fries) L^v. The collection from Santa Marta, Colom-
bia, by C. F. Baker, which he distributed under the name L.
hrasiliense upon my determination, I now regard as agreeing
more closely with the original description of L. furceUatum than

[Vol. 6
276 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

other specimens which I have seen and it has the additional
characters pubUshed for L. furcellatum by Patouillard.

These specimens are tough and certainly coriaceous rather
than fleshy, have dried hair-brown below, with final branchlets
pinkish buff, everywhere hairy with weak, hyaline hairs 1 m in
diameter, which protrude beyond the basidia except along the
tips of the branchlets; spores becoming pale ochraceous, even,
7-12X4|-6 jLi, apiculate.

The specimens of L. furcellatum of Berk. & Curtis, Fungi
Cubenses, are of two species. That collected in Cuba by C.
Wright, 831, is L. brasiliense; the other by C. Wright, 839, has
small hyaline, even spores 3-4X3 ix but lacks the radiately
branched organs characteristic of L, brasiliense.

Specimens examined:
Colombia: Bonda, C. F. Baker, 11^, distributed under the name

Lachnocladium brasiliense.

*

9. L. erectum Burt, n. sp. Plate 5, fig. 8.

Type : in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 808, copy in Burt Herb.

Fructifications of the type arise in a cluster of three from a

common point, soon repeatedly dichotomously branched, with

branches erect, close together, coriaceous, com-

<Cy p. pressed, drying drab, clothed with a gray down

/^^^V-> whose hyphae are 50-200 ^ long; fertile tips of

the branches cylindric, flexuous, solid, |-1 cm.

Fig. 15. long, bearing the hymenium on all sides ; spores

L. erectum. very pale yellowish under the microscope, even,

Spores, X 870. 6_7x3-3iM.

Cluster of fructifications 8 cm. high, 2§ cm. in diameter in the
branched portion; individual stems 1 cm. high, about 2 mm. in
diameter; branches about 1 mm. in diameter.

On rotten frondose wood. West Virginia. September.

L. erectum may be distinguished from the other species of its
genus in the eastern United States by occurrence on a woody
substratum, by its slender, erect habit of growth and appressed
branches, by the soft, downy pubescence of weak hyaline hyphae
which stand out at right angles from the stem and branches, and
by the small, oblong, apparently slightly colored spores.

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 277

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 808, type distribution under

the name Lachnocladium semivestitum.
West Virginia: Nuttallburg, L. W. Nuttall, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi

Col., 808.

10. L. Atkinsonii Bresadola in Atkinson, Jour. Myc. 8: 119.
1902; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 198. 1905.

Type: in Cornell Univ. Herb., 4216.

Fructifications somewhat coriaceous; stem elongated, com-
pressed-canaliculate, pallid, tomentose, 5-6 cm. long, 1 cm.
thick, somewhat quadrifid at the apex; branches compressed,
sulcate, repeatedly verticillate-, or dichotomo-, divided, tomen-
tose on the sterile side, lurid ochraceous; branchlets somewhat
terete, furcate at the apex, straw-yellow; spores hyaline or some-
what straw-colored, even, amygdaliform-oblong or somewhat
cylindric, 9-10X4|-5^ n; basidia clavate.

Dimensions of the branched portion 6-7 cm. high, 5-6 cm.
broad. Blowing Rock, North Carolina. August.

A beautiful species approaching the Clavariae but included in
Lachnocladium on account of having the hymenium unilateral
and the stem evidently somewhat waxy.

The above is a translation of the original description of this
species of which I have seen no specimens.

11. L. guadelupense (L^veill^) Patouillard, Jour, de Bot.
3: 33. pi l.f.7. 1889.

Merisma guadelupense Leveill^, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5:
157. 1846. — Pterula guadalupensis (Leveille) Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6: 742. 1888.

Illustration: Patouillard, loc. cit.

Type: in Museum of Paris Herb., according to Leveill^.

Fructification with very short stem, coriaceous, branched;
branches very thin, elongated, fastigiate, compressed, dichoto-
mous, becoming fuscous; terminal branchlets very short, naked,
acute; spores brown, warted, apiculate at base, 12X6 m-

Stem hardly 1 cm. long.

Guadeloupe.

(Vol. 6
278 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

The above description is a translation of the original descrip-
tion with addition of the spore characters as given by Patouil-
lard. Perhaps the species could be transferred to Thelephora
with advantage on account of the dark spores; I have seen no
specimens. Bresadola includes this species in Pterula, in Ann.
Myc. 14: 233. 1916, and gives Pterula aurantiaca P. Henn. and
P. squarrosa P. Henn. as synonyms.

12. L. odoratum Atkinson, Ann. Myc. 6: 58. 1908; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 21 : 436. 1912.

Type: in Cornell Univ. Herb., 18618.

''Plants 8 cm. high, bases clustered and covered with white
mycelium, branches yellowish or grayish, becoming brownish
where bruised, branching several times dichotomously, ultimate
branches tapering, branched at very tip to make short acute
points, branches faintly tinged lemon-yellow, brownish red at
very tip, all of larger branches suffused with a reddish tinge,
and here and there laterally tomentose, and sterile. Spores
transparent, 7-10 X 3|-4^ m.

''C. U. Herb., No. 18618, growing on very much decayed wood,
showing long white cords of mycelium. Connecticut, E. A.
White."

The above is the original description. I have seen no authen-
tic specimens but think that they should be compared with
L. Micheneri and L. erectum.

EXCLUDED SPECIES

Pterula setosa Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Kept. 27: 105.
1875, was transferred to Lachnocladium by Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:
740. 1888. Patouillard in Jour, de Bot. 3: 35. 1888, ex-
cluded this species from Lachnocladium, because its hairiness is
due to the elongated sterigmata of the basidia.

(To be continued.)

[Vol. 6, 1919]
280 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate

PLATE 5

The figures of this plate have been reproduced natural size from dried
herbarium specimens.

Fig. 1. Lachnocladium brasiliense. Collected in Cuba by C. Wright, in Curtis
Herb.

Fig. 2. L. cartilagineuni. From the type in Curtis Herb., collected in Cuba by
C. Wright, 204.

Fig. 3. L. Micheneri. Collected at Newfane, Vermont, by C. D. Howe.

Fig. 4. L.semivestitum. From the type in Curtis Herb., collected in Pennsylvania
by E. Michener, 1184.

Fig. 5. L. subsimile. From the type in Curtis Herb., collected in New Jersey by
Laning, 49.

Fig. 6. L. bicolor. Collected at MagnoUa, Massachusetts, by W. G. Farlow.

Fig. 7. L.furcellatum. Collected at Bonda, Colombia, by C. F. Baker, 14.

Fig. 8. L. eredum. From the type in Burt Herb., collected at Nuttallburg, West
Virginia, by L. W. Nuttall.

Fig. 9. L. cervinum. From the type of Clavaria pallida in Curtis Herb., collected
in Cuba by C. Wright, 256.

Ann. Mo. Bot. G.\rd., Vol. 6, 1919

Plate 5

BITRT— THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA

1. l..\Cn\<)C'T..\DirM HH.VSILIENSE.— 2. L. CARTII-AGINEU.M.— 3. L. MICHF.XERI.
■1. L. s;E.MI\K«TITrM. 5. I,. SUBSIMILE.— 6. L. RICOLOH— 7. L. FURCELLATUM.

S. I.. EHECTUM.— 9. L. CERVINUM.

^.H-3^-:*^-:^-^-/.^-^ ■'■>h:;.'; - :•; -•*■

'^-^^^:^f.

The Thelephoraceae of North

America. XII

Stereum

EDWABD ANGTJ8 BDBT

Reprinted from Annals op thb Missouri Botakical
Garden, 7:81-248. Apra-September, 1920

^'-'■<'-^:W^^M:¥^':^^'m^

n

Annals

of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Vol. 7 APRIL-SEPTEMBER, 1920 No. 2-3

THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII^

Stereum

EDWARD ANGUS BURT

Mycologist and Librarian to the Missouri Botanical Garden
Professor in the Henry Shaw School of Botany of
Washington University

STEREUM

Stereum Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. i:110. 1794
Obs. Myc. i:35. 1797, and 2:90. 1799; Fries, Obs. Myc
I : 274. 1815, Gen. Hym. 14. 1836, Epicr. 545. 1838
Hym. Eur. 638. 1874; Berkeley, Brit. Fung. 270. 1860
Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. lo: 193. 1888
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:551. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour
27:158. 1890; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (i : 1**)
123. 1898. — B. Sterea of Thelephora, Schweinitz, Naturforsch.
Ges. Leipzig Schrift. 1 : 105. 1S22.—''*** Stereum of Thele-
phora, Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1 : 116. 1822. — Includes Podoscypha
Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles Fr. 230. 1904.—
Includes Lloydella Bresadola in Lloyd, Myc. Writ, i . Myc.
Notes 6:51. 1901; Sacc. Syll. Fung. i6:1116. 1902.—
Includes BresadoUna Brinkmann, Ann. Myc. 7: 289. 1909.

Fructifications coriaceous to hard, stipitate, dimidiate or
effuso-reflexed; hymenium inferior, not containing setae; inter-
mediate layer of longitudinally arranged hyphae normally
present; basidia simple; spores white, even — rough in but few
instances.

The species mentioned or described as belonging in Stereum

' Issued Dec. 8, 1920.
Ann. Mo. Bot. Card., Vol. 7, 1920 (81)

IVoL. 7
82 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

upon its publication are Stereum hirsutum, S. striatum, S.
purpureum, S. nitidum, and S. rugosum, no one of which was
designated as the type species.

The species of Stereum are here arranged in the usual sections
of central-stemmed, lateral-stemmed, merismatoid, and dimid-
iate and effuso-reflexed species; these sections are convenient
for locating species approximately, but one should bear in mind
that some species are ambiguous with regard to sectional charac-
ters; all the species are probably so variable that individuals
may be selected from most gatherings which will prove very
misleading for study. For example, Stereum fasciatum is
properly included in the section of effuso-reflexed species, yet
fructifications of this species do occur now and then with elonga-
tion of the umbo so great as to lead one to regard such a fructifi-
cation as lateral-stemmed.

While Stereum is a large genus in the number of its North
American species, its difficulty is not proportional to the number
of species, for the species of each of its several sections differ
among themselves microscopicallj in the absence or presence
of definite recognizable organs or combinations of organs, such
as conducting organs containing latex (milk), vesicular organs,
gloeocystidia, cystidia of various kinds, and noteworthy para-
physes. In the determination of any species, one's effort is
soon concentrated upon a small group of four or five species
of common structure, some of which may be eliminated by
geographic range, spore dimensions, etc. The structural fea-
tures have been very important in working out the extensive
multiplication of species which had arisen in this genus through
disregard of the work of earlier mycologists.

As heretofore noted in the case of Hymenochaete, the east and
west range of the species of Stereum is marked in comparison
with north and south range ; of our 77 species, only 7 range over
both north temperate and tropical areas; the other 70 may be
arranged in two groups, of which the 29 species comprising the
northern group are in the region from Canada to the Gulf states;
the other 41 species range from the Gulf states southward. The
Gulf states are a region in which northern and southern species
overlap in range. The excess of tropical and subtropical species
over northern species is due to the small number of northern

1020]

BUET — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 83

stipitate and merismatoid species, of which we have only 5 as
against 23 in the warmer southern region. The stipitate and
merismatoid species grow sometimes on dead wood and some-
times on the ground ; all 49 dimidiate and effuso-reflexed species
grow on dead wood, causing its decay, and are distributed 24
in the northern and 18 in the southern area, while 7 others are
the species already mentioned as ranging over both north
temperate and tropical areas.

Key to the Species

§1. Central-stemmed species. — Pileus more or less infundibuliform, some-
times deeply split on one side, usually stipitate; stem typically central
or eccentric but lateral-stemmed forms are also present in many of the

species 1

§11. Lateral-stemmed species. — Pileus dimidiate, flabelliform, or wedge-shaped
— never infundibuliform — attenuated at the base into a more or less

distinct stem 9

§111. Merismatoid species. — Pileoli several, somewhat infundibuliform, wedge-
shaped, or strap-shaped, borne on or along a common stem 12

§rV. Sessile species, wholly lacking stem or stem-like base. — Pileus dimidiate-
sessile, umbonate-sessile, or reflexed, all growing on wood — many
typically reflexed species may sometimes occur wholly resupinate 13

§1. CENTRAI^STEMMED SPECIES

1. Fructifications solitary or gregarious 2

1. Fructifications cespitose 8

2. Species with pileus always more or less infundibuliform, lacking dimi-
diate or other lateral-stemmed forms 3

2. Species having lateral-stemmed forms occurring more or less frequently

in collections 5

3. Neither cystidia nor gloeocystidia present ; stem not radicated 4

3. Gloeocystidia present; growing on the ground, 1^-3 cm. high, 3 mm.-2 cm. in

diameter; in South Carolina to Brazil 3. S. Ravenelii

3. Gloeocystidia present; growing on wood; in West Indies to Dutch

Guiana 4- S. surinamense

3. Hair-like cystidia present; pileus white, 2-4 cm. high; in New York to Missouri,

and in Alabama, Washington and California 10. S. diaphanum

3. Hair-hke cystidia present; pileus slightly darker than S, diaphjanum, 3-5

mm. high; in New York U.S. exiguum

3. Hymenial organs unknown; growing on the ground, with stem continued

by a long radicated portion which penetrates deeply; in French Guiana

5. S. macrorrhiza

4. Growing on wood, 2-15 cm. high and in diameter; upper surface with

raised, radial ridges; in Gulf states to Bolivia 1. S. caperatum

4. Growing on wood, 6-11 cm. high and in diameter; upper surface not

ridged; pileus and stemVelvety; in South America. . .2. S. hydrophorum
5. Neither cystidia nor gloeocystidia present; pileus cartridge-buff to pinard-

yellow when fresh; in New Hampshire to North Carolina and Tennessee,

and in Japan 6. S. Burtianum

B. Hyr^.enial organs unknown; pileus "straw-colored," li mm. in diameter;

stem 4 mm. high; growing on wet ground among moss in Cuba

7. S. nvulorum

5. Cystidia present 6

6. Glo€OC3^tidia present ; no cystidia 7

6. Pileus white, of soft, bibulous texture, 3-5 mm. broad, 5-7 mm. long;

on bark and mosses in Cuba 8. S. quisquiliare

)

[Vol. 7
84 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

6. Pileus drying bright yellow, finally fading in the herbarium, of bibulous

texture; in West Indies to Paraguay 9. S. aurantiacum

6. Pileus drying tawny olive to Saccardo's umber, not of bibulous texture
but coriaceous-hard instead; lateral-stemmed forms are the more
common; 5 mm.-25 cm. high, 2-10 mm. broad; in New York to

Cuba, and in Wisconsin 12. S. tenerrimum

7. Somewhat cespitose, obscurely zonate, not bearing a cluster of coarse
processes near base of the pileus, I5-4 cm. high, 8 mm.-3 cm. in
diameter; in Ohio and North Carolina to Mexico and West Indies

IS. S. pergamenum

7. With a crest of coarse hairs or processes towards base of the pileus; pileus

6-10 mm. across; on dead Vitis in South Carolina I4. S. cristatum

8. Hair-like cystidia more or less numerous but no gloeocystidia; pileus
cartridge-buff, strigose-squamose; on the ground, Vermont to

North Carolina, and in Europe 15. S. pallidum

8. Gloeocystidia barely distinguishable, but no cystidia; pUeus pUcate on
both surfaces, with the upper diamine-brown and the hj'menium
white; on the ground, Porto Rico to British Guiana. . .16. S. elegans
8. Gloeocystidia present but no cystidia; pUeus drying pale cinnamon;

on dead wood, Jamaica to Trinidad 17. S. decolorans

§11. LATERAL-STEMMED SPECIES

9. Fructifications not cespitose 10

9. Fructifications cespitose; pileate segments pectinate along their margins;

on decaying wood, Carolina to Bolivia 24. S. Hartmanni

9. Fructifications rarely cespitose, usually gregarious; margin of pileus thick
and entire; spores 6x5m, becoming subangular; in Jamaica to Dutch

Guiana 18. S. radicans

10. Growing on ground; pileus white when fresh, drying smoke-gray,

not zonate; spores 4—65 X 3-5m; in West Indies 19. S. pusiolum

10. Growing on dead wood ; pileus of soft bibulous texture, drying pinkish

buff, 3-6 mm. wide, 5-7 mm. long; in Cuba and Porto Rico

23 S. cyphelloides

10. Growing on dead wood; pUeus not of soft bibulous texture 11

11. Pileus drying Verona-brown to chestnut, minutely velvety; stem velvety;

spores 4-5X3-4;u; in the West Indies 20. S. glabrescens

11. Pileus whitish when living, livid and pellucid upon drying, 4-6 cm. high,

with stem ^-1 cm. long; in Guadeloupe 21. S . flabellatum

11, Pileus white when fresh, drying "reddish brown," 8-15 mm. long, 3-15 mm.

broad, often deeply spht into segments; in Brazil 22. S. fissum

§111. MERISMATOID SPECIES

12. Densely cespitose and concrescent throughout into a cluster 7 cm. in
diameter, with color and aspect of Tremellodendron pallidum; in
Mexico and Dutch Guiana 25. S. craspedium

12. Fructification a sessile, rosette-shaped mass of reddish brown pileate

flaps; in San Domingo 26. S. petalodes

12. Fructification stipitate, white, with many pileate divisions extending
out from a common stem; with aspect of doubled forms of Thele-
phora caryophyllea but white; in Cuba 27. S. anastomosans

12. Fructifications cespitose, somewhat creeping by tips of branches
becoming attached to the matrix by disks; pileate branches 1-1^
cm. long, 1-2 mm. broad; in Brazil 28. S. proliferum

§IV. EFFUSO-REFLEXED SPECIES

13. Hyaline, flexuous gloeocystidia conspicuous in the subhymenium and

hymenium 15

13. Pjriform, vesicular organs present in tramajSubhjTnenium, or hymenium ... 16
13. Colored conducting organs in trama, subhymenium, or hymenium; cystidia
absent; hymenium bleeds when wounded, if in vegetative condition.
*S. hirsutum and S. rameale sometimes have occasional colored conducting
organs in the hymenium 17

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 85

13. Not having gloeocystidia, vesicular organs, nor colored conducting organs . . 14
14. Hymenium lacking cystidia and paraphyses of noteworthy form or

color 18

14. Cystidia present, incrusted or without incrustation and hair-like,

hyaUne, or colored 22

14. Paraphyses noteworthy by bottle-brush form, branching, or color.
For species having cystidia in addition to noteworthy paraphyses,

see 27 28

15. Coriaceous, dense, tawny, zonate, not sulcate, thin, 5-10 mm. in diameter;

in Jamaica 29. S. caespitosum

15. Soft, spongy, snuff-brown to bister, concentrically sulcate, reflexed 1-4 cm.;

of wide range SO. S. fuscum

15. Coriaceous-fleshy, bursting out from the bark, wart-Uke, peltate, vinaceous-

brown, 2-4 mm. in diameter; no cystidia; on poplar 31. S. rufum

15. Coriaceous-cartilaginous, shield-shaped, wood-brown, 1-4 mm. in diameter;

cystidia present ; on pine 32. S. Pini

16. Coriaceous-soft, tomentose, lacking cystidia 33. S. purpureum

16. Coriaceous-soft, tomentose, often with hairs becoming agglutinate

into a rugose surface; hair-like cystidia present. .34- S. rugosiusculum
16. Corky, usually resupinate, sometimes reflexed and with the upper side

a horny crust; vesicular bodies very numerous 35. S. Murrayi

16. Stony hard throughout, the cut surface with a horn-like luster, 1-5

mm. thick; vesicular bodies few; in Mexico and Jamaica . .36. S. saxitas
17. Exuding a yellow milk, conducting organs of pale color; narrowly reflexed,
tomentose; on Liquidambar and Carpinus in North Carolina and

Alabama 37. S. styracifluum

17. Milk red, conducting organs dark, numerous; fructifications cespitose-
imbricated, viUose to hirsute, tobacco-colored; on oak, Canada to

Alabama and westward 38. S. gausapatum

17. Milk red, conducting organs few; fructifications tomentose, concentrically

sulcate, not cespitose; Florida to Brazil. 39. S. australe

17. Milk red, conducting organs dark, numerous; fructifications narrowly
reflexed; hymenium multizonate; on frondose species, Newfoundland to

North Carolina 40. S. rugosum

17. Milk red, conducting organs numerous; on pine, spruce, and hemlock,

Canada to Pennsylvania and westward to the Pacific coast. 41 ■ S. sanguinolentum
18. Fructifications sulphur-colored, fading to cartridge-buff; inter-
mediate layer not bordered by a golden, denser zone; Georgia to

Brazil, and in Germany 42- S. sulphtiratum

18. Fructifications at first some shade of buff by reason of the hairy
covering, becoming grayish with age, and at length often zonate and
shining where disappearance of the hairy covering reveals the

hardened, colored surface of the intermediate layer 19

18. Fructifications white or whitish to cartridge-buff 20

18. Fructifications snuff-brown or black above 21

19. Effuso-reflexed, cream-buff at first, strigose-hirsute ; hymenium warm buff,
sometimes pale smoke-gray; intermediate layer bordered by a narrow
golden zone; colored conducting organs rarely present in the hymenium;
Newfoundland to South Carolina and westward to the Pacific coast.

43. S. hirsutum

19. Effuso-reflexed at first, becoming umbonate-sessile, tomentose, sometimes
with the tomentum becoming torn into narrow concentric bands nnd
showing the bared surface chestnut in the furrows; margin not normally
lobate; fructifications 2-7 cm. in diameter; common throughout North

America 44- S. fasciatum

19. Wedge-shaped to umbonate-sessile, with a thinner covering of tomentum
than S. fasciatum, becoming more bared and zonate than the latter, thinner
and flexible, and with the margin normally cut into 2 or 3 large lobes;

New York and Wisconsin southward to Brazil 45- S. lobatum

19. Covering of silky, villous fascicles arranged radially, becoming glabrous,
shining, and radially ridged, not lobed nor folded together laterally, nor

crisped; Florida to Dutch Guiana 46- S. versicolor

19. Pilei 2-10 mm. long and broad, crowded together and folded or crisped,
strigose-hairy towards the base; marginal portion shining and zoned,

IVoL. 7
86 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

cinnamon-buff to hazel; colored conducting organs occasionally present

lil. S. rameale

20. Fructifications 1-1 5 cm. in diameter, plane, thin, papery, silvery to
pale gray and with a silky luster; common on Carpinus, Canada,

eastern United States to Mexico 48. S. sericeum

20. Fructifications 3-10 mm. in diameter, pubescent, white. -^i*. S. pubescens
20. S. ochrolencum, an imperfectly known species of Europe, formerly
reported in America, belongs here. For description of authentic
specimen, see "species imperfectly known."
20. Fructifications 2-4 mm. in diameter, conical, attached by the vertex

and pendant, villose; Cuba 50. S. conicum

21. Tobacco-colored, velvety-hirsute, becoming glabrous towards the margin
and exposing the blackish, horny crust of the intermediate layer; hyme-

nium pruinose; spores 4-5X25-3^; West Indies 51. S. vibrans

21. Villose, blackening; intermediate layer not bordered by a crust; spores

9X4yu; Mexico 52. S. crassum

21. Velutinous and black above; coloring matter of intermediate layer dis-
solved by KHO solution; hymenium ferruginous, radiately ridged; on

coniferous wood, in northern United States 63. S. radiatum

22. Cystidia hyaline, non-incrusted, hair-like 23

22. Cystidia dark, or becoming dark, cylindric, obtuse, distinguishable
from colored conducting organs by more or less granule-incrusta-
tion; on conifers only 24

22. Cystidia rough-walled or incrusted, somewhat colored either wholly
or under the incrustation, pointed, not resembling conducting

organs 25

22. Cystidia incrusted, not at all colored except in S. cinerascens at

times ; paraphyses not noteworthy 26

22. Cystidia incrusted, not colored; paraphyses noteworthy by color or

form 27

23. Cinnamon to bone-brown, hoary; hair-like cystidia very few; spores

9-10X3-4m; Washington to New Mexico 54. S. patelliforme

23. White, villose-tomentose; hymenium bright yellow; hair-like cystidia

obtuse, 20-25 X4-6m, numerous 55. S. ochraceo-flavum

24. Coriaceous-spongy, dry, usually resupinate; hymenium pruinose, mul-
tizonate; cystidia colored, cylindric, 9O-150X6-8)u; spores 9-13X

4-5m; northern United States 56. S. abietinum

24. Very thick, felty, concentrically sulcate, drying with odor of anise;
cystidia and basidiospores like those of S. abietinum; colored

imbedded spores often present ; Rocky Mountain states

57. S. rugisporum

24, Narrowly reflexed, tomentose, Prout's brown; hymenium umber;
cystidia and spores as in S. abietinum; Vermont and New York.

58. S. ambiguum

25. Vinaceous-lilac when young, becoming snuff-brown; cystidia colored, even,
rough-walled or incrusted, 100-200 X6-10m; from North Carolina and

Ohio southward 59. S. umbrinum

25. Coriaceous-papery, thin, pliant, tomentose, concentrically sulcate, snuff-
brown; hymenium velvety, snuff-brown, not multizonate; cystidia col-
ored under the incrustation, conical, 3&-75X12-25m; Florida to Brazil.

60. S. papyrinum

25. With aspect of <S. papyrinum but thinner; cystidia 45-60 X 5-1 2/^; hymen-

ial layer 200p thick; Jamaica 61. S. Earlei

25. Coriaceous, tomentose, concentrically sulcate, hair-brown; cystidia shghtly
colored, roughened above, 50-120X45/u; on conifers, northern United

States and Canada, and in Rocky Mountains 62. S. Chailletii

25. Corky, usually resupinate, 1100;u thick; hymenium drab, 600m thick, con-
taining innumerable, colored, rough cystidia 20-25 X5-7m; West Indies.

63. S. ferreum

26. Strigose-hairy, concentrically sulcate, buff, weathering gray; hymen-
ium pinkish buff to drab, bristhng with cystidia 100-150 X12-20m,
sometimes brownish at the base; spores 10-12X6m. -64. S. cinerascens
26. Coriaceous-gelatinous, small, whitish; cystidia 45-90 XI 2- 15m,'

spores 15-20X12-14^; Jamaica 65. S. magnisporum

1920] __

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII o7

26. Spongy-soft, tomentose; cystidia 36-60X9-12/x; spores 5-9X3-4^;

New York to Mexico 66. S. spumeum

26. Bursting out from the bark, forming a gray hymenium and becoming

reflexed, 1-2| mm. in diameter 67. S. erumpens

26. Corky, rigid, concentrically sulcate, bister; hymenium ruddy, be-
coming zonate; cystidia 30-50 X8-12iu; spores 4-6X3-5m; on
hemlock and other conifers, Canada to Texas and westward to
the Pacific coast 68. S. sulcatum

26. Tobacco-colored and sulcate above, with a horn-like crust under the
tomentum; hymenium whitish; cystidia 30-36 X7m; on oak,

North CaroHna and Ohio to Mexico 69. S. subpileatum

27. With aspect of S. subpileatum as given above, but hymenium contains numer-
ous and conspicuous bottle-brush paraphyses in addition to cystidia;

Pennsylvania to Colombia 70. S. sepium

27. With brown, velvety hymenium and a white margin; paraphyses fihform,

colored; spores hyahne, 6-llX3-4^ju 71. S. albobadium

27. With aspect of dark specimens of S. albobadium, but with thicker, zonate

hymenium and imbedded spores colored; Oregon to Mexico

72. S. heterosporum

27. Becoming narrowly reflexed, fuscous, 2-10 mm. in diameter; hymenium

velvety, bister; paraphyses colored, with bushy-branched tips; Canada to

Alabama and Arkansas 73. S. versiforme

28. Snuff-brown and sulcate above, tomentose; hymenium pruinose,
zoned, containing bottle-brush paraphyses; on oak, Florida and
Venezuela 7^. »S. insigne

28. Fuscous, sulcate, not tomentose but with upper surface a horn-like

crust, 2-3 mm. thick; Mexico 75. S. durum

28. Woody, resupinate, crowded as if confluent and then broken into
frustules, 2-4 mm. in diameter, above black and crust-like; hyme-
nium pinkish buff to whitish and pruinose; on oak. . ..76. S. frustulosum

28. Usually resupinate, coriaceous-soft; hymenium light yinaceous-purple
when young, becoming avellaneous, containing fihform paraphyses
with short lateral prongs; aspect of Coriiciwm evolvens; Canada to
North Carolina 77. S. roseo-carneum

• I. Stereum caperatum (Berk. & Mont.) Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 27: 161. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stere-
ums, 17. textf. 631. 1913. Plate 2, fig. 1.

Thelephora caperata Berkeley & Montagne, Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. III. 11: 241. 1849; Montagne, Syll. Crypt. 175. 1856;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:523. 1888.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cii.; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen-
fam. (i: 1**): 124. f.H-J.

Type: in Kew Herb.

Pileus coracelous, infundibuliform, drying pinkish buff, the
upper side with elevated radial ridges and usually densely tomen-
tose with coarse fibers ; in structure 600-700 m thick, composed of
densely, longitudinally arranged, thick-walled, hyaline hyphae
8 M in diameter ; stem central or sometimes absent, with attach-
ment by a tomentose disk; hymenium pale pinkish buff, some-
what radially rugose, glabrous ; hair-hke cystidia not incrusted,
3-4| n in diameter, flexuous, often constricted near the outer end,

[Vou 7
88 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

protruding up to 12 m, are sometimes present; spores hyaline,
even, 8-10X3-4^ m.

Fructifications 2-10 cm. high, 2-15 cm. in diameter; stem,
when present, 5 mm. - 2 cm. long, 2-5 mm. thick, often sessile.

On decaying wood of frondose species. Florida, Louisiana,
and West Indies to Bolivia. June to April, probably throughout
the year. Common.

S. caperatum is the largest infundibuliform Stereum of the
Gulf states and the West Indies. Its large size, upper surface
with elevated, radial ridges and usually heavy tomentum of
coarse fibers, occurrence on wood to which it is attached by a
villose or tomentose disk, constitute a group of characters by
which the S. caperatum is readily recognized. Lloyd has pub-
lished in his account of this species that it has true metuloids
(incrusted cystidia) projecting 20-30 n, but I have found none
whatever in either the type or in other collections referable to
this species.

Thelephora lamellataBerk. & Curtis, a species of Stereum related
to S. caperatum and of rather similar aspect, occurring on islands
of the Pacific, shows in the type specimen from Fiji Islands
conical incrusted cystidia 6-12 m in diameter, protruding 12-25 m,
and subglobose spores 3-3f X3/i. Since Lloyd cited S. capera'.um
as occurring in Samoa, the Philippines, and Australia, it is
possible that his observations on incrusted cystidia of S. capera-
tum were based on specimens from the Pacific region really
referable to Stereum lamellatum rather than on the true S.
caperatum from the American continent. In Hedwigia 53 : 75,
1913, Bresadola gives T. lamellata as a synonym of Cladoderris
infundihuliformis (Kl.) Fries. I have seen no American speci-
mens referable to S. lamellatum.

Specimens examined:
Florida: New Smyrna, A. S. Bertolet; Ocala, W. H. Long, 12373

(in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 55125).
Louisiana: A. B. Langlois, comm. by C. G. Lloyd, 2740; St.

Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 2896 and an unnumbered

specimen, C. J. Humphrey, 2518 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5111).
Cuba: C. Wright, 290, 509 (in Kew Herb.); Candelaria, Earle

& Wilson, 201; Guantanamo (in Weir Herb., 10858);

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 89

Havana Province, P. Wilson, 1172, comm. by F. S. Earle;

Herradura, Earle & Murrill, 180, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Manati, Johnston & Stevenson, 2006 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 3396).
San Domingo: 259 (in Kew Herb.).
Jamaica: Cinchona, L. M. Underwood, 3172 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56271) ; Cockpit

Country, E. G. Britton & D. W. Marble, 338 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.).
St. Kitts: Lambert Estate, N. L. Britton & J. F. Cowell, 672

(inN.Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).
Brazil: Bahia, Blanchet, 19 (in Kew Herb.).
Bolivia : Yungas, A.Miguel Bang, 295 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

2. S. hydrophorum Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. I. 14:
327. pi. 9. f. 2. 1844; Hooker's Jour. Bot. 8: 273. pi. 6.
1856; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 555. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 159. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums,
29. text f. 547, 548. 1913. Plate 2, fig. 2.

Hymenochaete crateriformis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43 : 172.
1904; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 166. 1905.

Illustrations: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. L 14: pi. 9. f. 2;
Hooker's Jour. Bot. 8: pi. 6; Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Kew Herb.

Pileus stipitate, coriaceous, infundibuliform, drying Front's
brown, obscurely zonate, velvety, sometimes bearing large,
branched hairs at the center and bottom of the cups, the margin
entire; stem central, cylindric, solid, velvety, colored like the
pileus, enlarged at the base and attached by disk; hymenium
even, drying snuff-brown, not setulose; in structure 600 m thick,
composed of intermixed and interwoven hyaline and slightly
colored hyphae, the latter of which give their color to the
pileus and hymenium and curve into the hymenium as cylindric,
obtuse, slightly colored paraphyses 3 ^u in diameter, not emergent
above its surface; no cystidia, gloeocystidia, nor setae; spores
hyaline, globose, even, 3 a« in diameter.

Pileus 4-10 cm. in diameter, 3-6 cm. deep; stem 3-5 cm. long,
4-5 mm. thick.

[Vol. 7
90 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On wood on the ground. Venezuela, British Guiana, and
Brazil. November.

This South American species ranges so far to the north that it
may possibly occur also in the West Indies or Central America.
The fructifications have dimensions and general aspect of those
of S. caperatum but are distinguishable by darker color of pileus,
stem and hymenium, by velvety covering of pileus and stem,
and by absence of elevated longitudinal ridges on the surface of
the pileus.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ule, Myc. Brasil., 40, type distribution of Hymeno-

chaete crateriformis.
Venezuela: Maripa, M. A. Carriker, comm. by W. G. Farlow,
III; Rio Mato, M. A. Carriker, comm. by W. G. Farlow,
IV.
Brazil: Spruce (in Curtis Herb.); Amazonas, Marmellos, E.
Ule, in Ule, Myc. Brasil, 40.

3. S. Ravenelii Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i: 162. 1873;

Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 552. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.

27: 164. pi 7. f. 2. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stere-

ums, 25. iexij. 5J^3. 1913. Plate 2, fig. 3.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.', Massee, loc. cit.

Type: type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 13.

Fructifications gregarious, coriaceous, thin, often growing

from a common mycelium; pileus infundibuliform, sometimes

split on one side, even, drying cinnamon-buff

to bay, often shining and zonate; stem slender,

equal, minutely tomentose, drying pale olive-buff

to pinkish buff; hymenium even, glabrous, colored

like the stem; pileus in section 300-500 /x thick,

composed of densely and longitudinally arranged

hyaline hyphae 3 m in diameter; flexuous gloeo-

cystidia 30-60 X4|-7m curve into the hymenium

Fig. 1. but do not protrude above its surface; no cysti-

S. Ravenelii. dia; spores hyaline, even, 3-4X2^-3 m-

Gloeocystidia X Fructifications U-5 cm. high, 3 mm.-3 cm.

From authentic in diameter; stem 5-10 mm. long, §-U mm.

specimen. thick.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 91

On the ground, rarely on wood humus. South Carolina to
Mexico, West Indies, and Brazil. July to April.

S. Ravenelii is near S. pergamenum in microscopic characters
but is constantly infundibuliform, with slender, more conspic-
uous stem, and occurs on the ground except very rarely, and
is gregarious rather than cespitose. The range of S. Ravenelii
southward to Brazil is so much greater than has been noted
heretofore that it would be well to compare with it authentic
specimens of some of the imperfectly described South American
species of central-stemmed Stereums

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 13.
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 13,

type distribution.
Alabama: Beaumont, 207 in part (the small specimens on right
of the card in Curtis Herb., 4629); Montgomery, R. P.
Burke, 26, 181 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 10305, 57059).
Louisiana: Baton Rouge, C. W. Edgerton, 1544, and C. J.
Humphrey & C. W. Edgerton, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,
2523, 2522 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 42921 and 42939
respectively); St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 1847.
Mexico: San Luis Potosi, C. G. Pringle (in Farlow Herb.).
Cuba: C. Wright, 255 (under the name Stereum elegans in Curtis
Herb.) ; Candelaria, Earle & Wilson, 205, 207; Herradura,
N. L. Britton, E. G. Britton, F. S. Earle & C. S. Gager, 6397
(in N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56303).
Trinidad: Carrengo, Carriker (in Farlow Herb., 1).
Brazil: Blumenau, A. Moller, the Stereum elegans of Hedwigia
35 : 288. 1896, comm. by G. Bresadola.

4. S. surinamense Leveill^, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 2: 209.
1844; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:556. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 161. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 26.
textf. 544- 1913. Plate 2, fig. 4.

Stereum fulvo-nitens Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. II.
9: 198. 1852; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:556. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 162. 1890.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Museum of Paris Herb, presumably.

[Vol. 7
92 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Pileus coriaceous, infundibuliform, sometimes more elongated
on one side, glabrous, shining, lineate or striate, drying tawny to
hazel, faintly zonate with numerous very narrow zones; stem
central or eccentric, cylindric, drying avellaneous to burnt
umber, fibrillose to minutely tomentose, attached at the base
by a mycelial pad; hymenium glabrous, even, avellaneous to
cinnamon; pileus in section 400 m thick, composed of a broad
layer of densely and longitudinally arranged, thick-walled,
hyaline hyphae 3 m in diameter and of a hymenial layer 45-90 /*
thick, the subhymenial portion of which may become thicker
than the palisade layer of basidia and gloeocystidia and appears
granular and composed of very fine hyphae; gloeocystidia 15-30
M long, with ventricose base 6-9 m in diameter, sometimes barely
emergent above the basidia; spores hyaline, even, 3-4X2-3 m.

Fructifications l§-4 cm. high, 1-2| cm. in diameter; stem
3-7 mm. long, about 1^ mm. in diameter.

On dead wood. West Indies, Honduras, and Dutch Guiana.
November.

Lloyd's account and figures have made possible the reference
to S. surinamense of the collections cited below, for the original
description by L^veille is fragmentary and does not even note
whether the specimens were growing on the ground or on wood.
I have not seen the types of either S. surinamense or S. fulvo-
nitens. The specimens cited below are characterized by the
attachment to the wood by a conspicuous mycelial pad, by
rich hazel and shining upper surface of the large, narrowly
zonate pileus, by the gloeocystidia, and by the minutely granular
subhymenial region in which the hyphae are much finer than in
the main hyphal layer and run at right angles to the latter.

Specimens examined:
San Domingo: Consuelo, N. Taylor, 176 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56293).
Trinidad: R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44304).
British Honduras: M. E. Peck (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56326).

5. S. macrorrhizum (L^veille) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip.
Stereums, 28. 1913.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 93

Thelephora macrorrhiza L^veill6, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III.
5: 146. 1846; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 524. 1888.

Type: in Museum of Paris Herb., according to Leveill6 and
Lloyd.

Pileus infundibuliform, coriaceous, somewhat membrana-
ceous, rufescent, striatulate, the margin erect, possibly laciniate;
hymenium sulcate, rather pallid; stem rather long, radicated.

On ground, French Guiana. Coll. Melinon.

Pileus coriaceous, nearly membranaceous, infundibuliform,
russet, with rugosity from base to margin, the latter thin, lacini-
ate; hymenium glabrous, rugose like upper surface of pileus;
stem 1-2 decimeters long, glabrous, continued by a long radi-
cated portion which extends perpendicularly into the ground.
This character and also the absence of hairy covering of the stem
afTord a great difference between this species and Stereum
surinamense.

The above is a translation of the original description. I have
not seen authentic specimens; Lloyd notes, loc. cit., that they
are, '^Stereum elegans, of an unusually regular growth. Not so
confluent as ordinary."

6. S. Burtianum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 75: 21. pi. 0.
f. 30-34. 1904; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 163. 1905; Lloyd, Myc.
Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 21. textf. 537. 1913. Plate 2, fig. 5.

Illustrations: Peck, loc. cit.; Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and in Burt Herb.

Fructifications gregarious, coriaceous, thin, infundibuhform,
sometimes split to the stem on one side, sometimes dimidiate, the
upper surface slightly uneven with radiating fibrils and fibrillose
ridges, cartridge-buff when fresh, drying Sayal-brown to hazel,
the margin lobed or incised; stem solid, minutely tomentose,
Sayal-brown in the herbarium; hymenium even or radiately
uneven, glabrous, yellow ocher to pinard-yellow when fresh,
becoming pinkish buff to Sayal-brown in the herbarium ; pileus
in section 600 m thick, composed of densely and longitudinally
arranged hyphae 2 m in diameter; no cystidia nor gloeocystidia;
spores hyahne, even, subglobose, 3-4 m in diamter, or 4X3 m.

Fructifications usually 12-20 mm. high, 5-15 mm. in diameter;
stem 3-8 mm. long, |-1^ mm. thick.

[Vol. 7
94 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On the ground in frondose woods. New Hampshire to North
Carolina and Tennessee, and in Japan. July to October.

Distinguishing characters of this species are the radially
arranged fibrils and fibrillose ridges of the upper surface of the
pileus, bright yellow hymenium of fresh specimens, small sub-
globose spores, and absence of zonation, cystidia, and gloeo-
cystidia. These characters separate the species from S. auran-
tiacum and S. Ravenelii and from specimens of S. diaphanum
which have become discolored in the herbarium. The sections
crush out and tissues spread apart when slight pressure is applied
to the cover glass — a character unusual in stipitate Stereums.
The specimen from Tennessee consists of two dimidiate pilei
2X2| cm. At Amherst, Massachusetts, Professor Anderson
saw perhaps a thousand fructifications of this growing in an
area of a square rod; to him I am indebted for the color obser-
vations on fresh specimens and for specimens in growing condi-
tion showing the colors and also the fact that the consistency
of the pileus is not fleshy enough for inclusion of this species
in Craterellus.

Specimens examined :
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, three collections

(two of which are in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55242 and 55571,

and the third in Farlow Herb.).
Vermont: Lake Dunmore, W. G. Farlow (in Farlow Herb.).
Massachusetts: Amherst, P. J. Anderson (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56364, 56365).
New York: Shokan, Ulster Co., C. H. Peck, type.
North Carolina: Asheville, H. C. Beardslee, 2.
Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kauffman, 80 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44994).
Japan: Sendai, A. Yasuda, 21 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56290).

7. S. rivulorum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 330. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 552. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 167. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip.
Stereums, 21. 1913.

Type: in Kew Herb, and probably in Curtis Herb.

I failed to take any notes of the type specimens of this species

1920]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 95

when there was opportunity and have seen no collections which
seem referable here. The translation of the original description
follows :

Minute, straw-colored; pileus cyathiform, decurrent into a
stem dilated above, the margin undulate; hymenium glabrous.

On wet ground amongst moss. Cuba, C. Wright, 533.

Pileus 1| mm. across; stem 4 mm. high, oblique but not
really lateral. Habit of a small stipitate Peziza. Spores glo-
bose, 2-2| M according to Massee.

8. S. quisquiliare (Berk. & Curtis) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4.
Stip. Stereums, 36. text f. 567. 1913. Plate 2, fig. 6.

Thelephora quisquiliaris Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 329. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 524. 1888.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Pileus very small, flabellate or rarely cyathiform, tomentose,
shining white; stem lateral, short, thickened above; pileus in
section composed of loosely arranged hyphae 3-4 fx in diameter;
cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, 6 ai in diameter, protruding up
to 40 M beyond the basidia; spores hyaline, even, 4X3-4 /x.

Pileus 3-5 mm. broad, and 5-7 mm. long including the stem-
like base.

On particles of bark among moss and on mosses. Cuba.

The fructifications of S. quisquiliare are small and of soft
bibulous texture and resemble in aspect those of S. cyphelloides
and Cyphella muscigena, but are distinguished from both these
species by the hair-like cystidia, of which I noted the presence
upon examination of the type but which no longer show well in
the permanent microscopical preparation. I had hoped that
recent collections would confirm the note as to hair-like cystidia
and enable me to be more confident that Thelephora quisquiliaris
should not be transferred to Cyphella.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 519, type (in Curtis Herb.).

. 9. S. aurantiacum (Pers.) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stere-
ums, 22. text J. 538. 1913. Plate 6, fig. 7.
Thelephora aurantiaca Persoon in Gaudichaud, Voy. Urania
Bot. 176. 1827; Fries, Epicr. 536. 1838; R. Soc. Sci. Up-

[Vol. 7
96 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

sal. Actis III. i: 108. 1851; Montagne in d'Orbigny, Voy.
Am. Merid. Bot. 2: 48. 1839; in Ramon de la Sagra, Fl.
Cub. 4: 228. pi U. f. 1. 1853; Berkeley & Curtis, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 526.
1888. — T. sericella Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 522. 1888.— T. affinis
Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 329. 1868 (not
T. affinis Pers.); Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 530. 1888. — Podoscypha
aurantiaca (Pers.) Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles
Fr. 230. 1904.— An T. spectahilis Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. III. 2: 206. 1844? — An Stereum xanthellum Cooke, Gre-
villeap: 12. 1880?

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.; Montagne, loc. cit.

Fructifications coriaceous, soft, everywhere drying Naples-
yellow, losing the bright color in the herbarium; upper surface
sericeous, lineate-striate, the margin variable,

n often somewhat fimbriate; stem thin, with yel-

lowish tomentum at the base and sometimes with
tomentose mycelial strands; hymenium even, or
nearly so, setulose with hyaline hairs under a
ov lens; cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, cylindric,
obtuse, 6-8 m in diameter, protruding up to 40 m;
t' spores hyaline, even, 5-8X3-4 //.

Fructifications 2-3 cm. high; pileus 1-2 cm.
in diameter when infundibuliform and 5 mm. -4
cm. when fiabellif orm ; stem 1 cm. long, about
1 mm. thick.

On ground and dead wood. West Indies to Par-
aguay. June to February. Apparently frequent.
Fig. 2. S. aurantiacum is unique among the stipitate

S. aurantiacum. Stereums by its bright yellow color. Lloyd states
ys 1 um, asi- ^j^^^ ^j^ specimens may lose their bright yellow
X 665. color and become brown, and the figures by Mon-

tagne indicate this also. I have seen only one
gathering in which some of the specimens have discolored brown-
ish; this gathering from Porto Rico, by Prof. Stevenson, bears
the field note: "nearly pure white when collected; became yellow
in drying; no yellow showed until partly dried." The extensive
synonymy of this species is due to its occurrence sometimes on
the ground, sometimes on wood, sometimes being wholly infundi-

1920 ]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 97

buliform and sometimes wholly flabelliform, but occasionally
a gathering shows both infundibuliform and flabelliform speci-
mens. The soft texture of the pilei — like filter-paper or like
wash leather — the large, cylindric, non-incrusted cystidia, and
large elongated spores are a good combination of characters for
the recognition of S. aurantiacum independently of the yellow
color. Lloyd gives Thelephora spectahilis and Stereum xanthel-
lum as synonyms of S. aurantiacum, and this seems quite prob-
able according to the original descriptions of these species, but
he does not state that he has studied the authentic specimens;
I have not been able to examine them.

Unless there is more than one edition of Gaudichaud's 'Voy.
Urania Bot.,' there is an error, as noted by Lloyd, in the citation
by Fries in 'Epicrisis,' followed by later authors, of a figure of
T. aurantiaca by Persoon. Dr. Farlow kindly searched for me
for such a figure in his copy but without success.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Port Antonio, F. S. Earle, 600, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.; A. E. Wight, comm. by W. G. Farlow; Troy
and Tyre, W. A. Murrill & W. Harris, 1112, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Cuba: C. Wright, 237, type of Thelephora sericella (in Curtis
Herb.); C. Wright, 198, 263, type of Thelephora affinis B. &
C. (in Curtis Herb.); Banao Mts., Leon & Clement, 6570
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56262) ; Ceballos, C. J. Humphrey, 2683 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 8267); Guantanamo, Hioram (in J. R. Weir Herb.,
10583, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56217); Omaja, C. J.
Humphrey, 3025 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8632); Nipe
Bay, F. S. Earle, No. A.
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. R. Johnston, comm. by J. A. Steven-
son, 1987 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10660) ; J. A. Stevenson,
3354, 5585 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17720 and 6908).
San Domingo: Consuelo, A^. Taylor, 178 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56304).

lo. S. diaphanum (Schw.) Cooke in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 558.
1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 162. 1890; Lloyd,
Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 19. text /. 534- 1913.

Plate 2, figs. 8 and 9.

[Vol. 7
98 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Thelephora diaphana Schweinitz in Berk. & Curtis, Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila. Jour. 2: 278. 1853.— T. Willeyi Clinton in Peck,
N. Y. State Mus. Kept. 26: 71. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 524.
1888.— An T. Sullivantii Montague, Syll. Crypt. 176. 1856?
Type : in Herb. Schweinitz, in Curtis Herb., and in Kew Herb.
Fructifications coriaceous, thin, deeply infundibuliform, some-
times deeply split, white, drying diaphanous, sericeous, fibril-
lose, striate, sometimes with slightly elevated
ridges, sometimes obscurely zoned, the margin
thin, entire or laciniately toothed; stem slender,
cylindric, more or less clothed with white matted
down which is usually present at the base and
binds the earth together in a ball ; pileus of type
in section 200 yu thick, composed of longitudinally
arranged, thin-walled hyaline hyphae 3 m in
diameter, densely crowded together; hymenium
white, setulose with hyaline hairs under a lens;
Fig. 3. cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, cylindric, obtuse,

Cvstidium "~^ '^ ^^ diameter, protrudmg 20-60 n; spores
basidia, and hyaline, even, 4-5X2|-3 /x.

spores, X 665. Fructifications 2-4 cm. high, 8 mm.-2 cm. in

diameter; stem 1-3 mm. in diameter.
On the ground in moist woods of frondose species. New
York to Missouri, and in Alabama, Washington, and California.
S. diaphanum, as collected by Schweinitz and shown in pi.
2, fig. 8, differs from S. aurantiacum in absence of bright yellow
color, in shorter spores, and in stem and ground at base of stem
being merely white-downy. In western New York, this species
attains a more luxuriant growth than the small specimens col-
lected by Schweinitz, has a larger and rather thicker pileus and
thicker stem as shown in pi. 2, fig. 9; such larger specimens
w^ere published as Thelephora Willeyi, but the intergradations
with S. diaphanum are so numerous and close that it should be
kept with the latter in my opinion.

Specimens examined:

New York: Buffalo, Clinton, type of Thelephora Willeyi (in N.

Y. State Mus. Herb.); Chappaqua, Mrs. C. E. Ryder &

Mrs. W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56289); Freeville, V. B. Walker, 15

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 99

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8407); Geddes, G. E. Morris, G;

Ithaca, C. Thorn (in Cornell Univ. Herb., 9992); Jamesville,

H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55498), and L. M. Underwood; Lowville,

C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.); Orville, G. E.

Morris, G.
Ohio: Gnaddenhutte, Schweinitz, type (in Herb. Schweinitz

and in Curtis Herb.).
Missouri: Valley Park, E. A. Burt & L. 0. Overholts (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44059).
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 25 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 13146.).
Washington: Seattle, W. A. Murrill, 128, 1^3, lU (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55745, 55729,

55726).
California: Tamalpais, H. W. Harkness (under the herbarium

name Thelephora Harknessii Peck in N. Y. State Mus.

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55925).

II. S. exiguum (Peck) Burt, n. comb. Plate 2, fig. 10.

Thelephora exigua Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54 : 953. 1902 ;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 161. 1905.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and in Burt Herb.

Pileus coriaceous-membranaceous, very thin, diaphanous,
infundibuliform, radiately fibrous-striate, becoming bister in the
herbarium, originally "pale alutaceous" according to Peck, the
margin lacerate; stem slender, solid, pruinose, and bearing a
few whitish hairs which are present also on the ground about the
base; pileus in section 100 ju thick, composed of longitudinally
arranged, hyaline hyphae 2^-3 m in diameter, closely crowded
together; cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, cylindric, obtuse,
7 M in diameter, protruding 25 ij. beyond the basidia; spores
hyaline, even, 4^X2 m, borne 4 to a basidium.

Fructifications 1-3 mm. in diameter, 3-5 mm. high; stem 2
mm. long, \-\ mm. in diameter; pileus i'^ mm. thick.

On the ground, Westport, New York. October.

aS. exiguum is miniature S. diaphanum of slightly darker
color. It is known from the original collection only. The
smallest specimens of S. diaphanum are many times larger than

[Vol. 7
100 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

the largest specimen of S. exiguum. While differences in size
are not generally a good criterion for specific distinction, I am
inclined to think that they will prove so in this instance.

Specimens examined :
New York: Westport, C. H. Peck, type (in N. Y. State Mus.
Herb, and in Burt Herb.).

12. S. tenerrimum Berk. & Ravenel, Grevillea i : 162. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 551. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 165. 1890. Plate 2, fig. 11.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Pileus coriaceous, thin, infundibuliform or flabelliform, soon
lobed and split, upper surface slightly rough, fibrillose-striate,
not zonate or only very indistinctly "pale tan" when collected,
becoming tawny olive to Saccardo's umber in the herbarium;
stem filiform, whitish, bearing some fibrils towards the base;
hymenium even, concolorous, setulose with hyaline hairs
under a lens; pileus in section 300 n thick, composed of longi-
tudinally and densely arranged hyaline hyphae 3 ^ in diameter ;
cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, 4-8 ^ in diameter, protruding
30-50 Ai; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 4-5 X 3-4 /x.

Fructifications 2-10 mm. broad, 5mm.-2^ cm. high; stem
3-7 mm. long, |-| mm. thick.

On ground among mosses. New York, Wisconsin, South
Carolina, and Cuba. July to November. Rare.

The collections which I have referred to S. tenerrimum are
from the widely separated localities stated above and only a
single gathering of several fructifications at each locality. There
are slight differences between the specimens of the several
gatherings, but not great enough to preclude their reference
to a single species, although doing so has required some general-
ization from the original description.

S. tenerrimum is related to S. undulatum of northern Europe
as known to me by the specimens distributed in Karsten, Fungi
Fennicae, 912, and by the extended account by Maire, Ann.
Myc. 7: 426-431, text /. 1, 2. 1909, but the latter species
attains much larger size, has a coarser stem, and is infundibuli-
form with central stem. None of the collections of S. tenerri-
mum are composed wholly of specimens with infundibuliform

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA, XII 101

pilei and the stem central; the original collections have some
specimens with pileus longer on one side than the other and
stem eccentric; in more recent gatherings some specimens are
even flabelliform. >S. ienerrimum appears to be a distinct
species.

Specimens examined:
New York: Croghan, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.).
South Carolina: Society Hill, H. W. Ravenel, type (in Curtis

Herb., 5029, and in Kew Herb.).
Wisconsin: Afton, R. A. Harper.
Cuba: Havana Province, Huo Leon, 1456 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56307).

13. S. pergamenum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i: 161. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 552. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 161. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 27. text f.
645. 1913. Plate 2, fig. 12.

An Stereum nitidulum Berkeley, Hooker's London Jour. Bot.
2: 638. 1843?

Type: type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3: 25.

Fructifications somewhat cespitose and grown together, stip-
itate; pileus coriaceous, infundibuliform, sometimes split and
petaloid, minutely lineate, drying hazel, obscurely
zoned, the margin thin, often toothed or laciniate;
stem cylindric, drying pinkish buff, very minutely
tomentose; hymenium drying pinkish buff, gla-
brous; pileus in section 500 m thick, composed
of densely and longitudinally arranged hyaline
hyphae 3 m in diameter; flexuous, clavate, curved
gloeocystidia, 50X6 Mj extend into the hymenium
but do not rise to its surface; cystidia none;
spores hyaline, even, slightly flattened on one
side, 4-4| X3-3| /x.

Fructifications 1^-4 cm. high, 8 mm.-3 cm. Fig. 4.

m diameter; stem 2-10 mm. long, 1-3 mm. in Gloeocystidia
diameter. X 665.

On stumps or buried wood, perhaps rarely
on the ground. Ohio and North Carolina to Mexico and in
the West Indies. September to January.

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102 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

S. pergamenum may be recognized by its occurrence in small
clusters on wood at or near the surface of the ground, by small
and nearly globose spores, and by the presence of gloeocystidia.
It is probably more frequent in the West Indies than in the
United States. When studying the specimens of this species
in Kew Herbarium I compared with them the type of Stereum
nitidulum Berk., collected by Gardner in Goyaz, Brazil, and
concluded that it is probably the same species as S. pergamenum.
In that early stage of my work I did not record the presence of
gloeocystidia in the types of either S. pergamenum or S. nitidu-
lum, and since I have no permanent preparation from the type
of the latter, further, more critical study may show that it is a
distinct species. The collection from Cuba, referred by Ber-
keley to S. nitidulum, has gloeocystidia and is referable to S.
pergamenum.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3: 25.
Ohio: Preston, T. G. Gentry (in N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Card. Herb., 56301).
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, from Bot. Dept.

of Cornell Univ., 4182.
Alabama: J. M. Peters, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3: 25, type
distribution; J. M. Peters, 601 and another specimen (in
Curtis Herb., the latter, Curtis Herb., 3814); Beaumont,
207 in part, the large zonate specimen mounted on left side
of card with specimens of S. Ravenelii (in Curtis Herb.,
4629 in part); Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Card.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 56306).
Louisiana: Ville Platte, A. B. Langlois, 2897.
Mexico: Motzorongo, near Cordoba, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill,
994 (in N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Card. Herb.,
54596).
Cuba: C. Wright, 836 (in Curtis Herb., under the name S.
nitidulum Berk.); Herradura, F. S. Earle, 545, and A^. L.
Britton, E. G. Britton, F. S. Earle & C. S. Gager, 6326 (in
N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 56305
and 56263 respectively); Sumidero, J. A. Shafer, 13905
(in N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Card. Herb.,
56264).

19201

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 103

San Domingo: Bonao, J. A. Stevenson, 7010 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55656).

14. S. cristatum Berk & Curtis, Grevillea i: 163. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:556. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 167. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 38.

1913.

Type: in Kew Herb., not found by me in Curtis Herb, al-
though sought for.

Pileus coriaceous, flabelliform or obHquely cyathiform, paUid
to Hght bay-brown, somewhat zoned, glabrous and shining
towards the margin, bearing a cluster of coarse
hairs towards the base; stem, when present,
cylindric, scarcely 2 mm. long; hymenium even,
paler than the upper surface ; in structure 200-250
n thick, composed of longitudinally arranged and
somewhat interwoven hyahne hyphae 3 m in
diameter; no cystidia; gloeocystidia pyriform,
9-12X7^ ix; spores, as found in a crushed prepara-
tion, hyaline, even, 4X2^ /x, few found — noted by
Massee as subglobose, 5-6 /x in diameter.

Pileus 6-10 mm. across.

On dead Vitis in swamps. South Carolina. ^^s- ^-

Reexamination of my preparation of the type Gloeocystidia x
of S. cristatum fails to demonstrate that the 665. From type,
pyriform organs in its hymenium are longitu-
dinally septate; furthermore some of these organs are more
elongated than stated above and irregular in form. For
these reasons I regard the bodies as pyriform gloeocystidia
rather than possibly miniature basidia of the longitudinally
septate type, the demonstrated presence of which would require
transfer of this species to Eichleriella. The occurrence of S.
cristatum on dead grape vines, the crest of coarse hairs towards
the base of the pileus, the small size of the latter, and the pyri-
form organs in the hymenium are a good group of characters
for identification of this species, although known so far only
from the original collections.

Specimens examined:
South Carolina: Santee Swamp, H. W. Ravenel, Curtis Herb.

[Vol. 7
104 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

No. 2038, type and an unnumbered specimen (both in Kew
Herb.).

15. S. pallidum (Pers.) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums,
31. textf. 536, 550. 1913. Plate 3, fig. 13, 14.

Craterella pallida Persoon, Ic. et Descr. Fung, i : 3. pi. 1.
f. S. 1798. — Thelephora pallida Persoon, Syn. Fung. 565.
1801; Myc. Eur. i: 111. 1822; Fries, Hym. Eur. 633.
1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 527. 1888. — Helvella pannosa
Sowerby, Col. Figs. Eng. Fungi, pi. 155. 1788, in part. — Thele-
phora pannosa Sowerby ex Fries, in part, and T. pannosa var.
pallida (Pers.) Fries, Syst. Myc. i : 430. 1821.— 7". Sowerheyi
Berkeley, Outlines Brit. Fungi, 266. 1860; Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist. III. 15:320. 1865; Fries, Hym. Eur. 633. 1874; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 522. 1888. — Stereum Sowerheyi (Berk.) Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 164. 1890. — Bresadolina pallida
(Pers.) Brinkmann, Ann. Myc. 7:289. 1909.

Illustrations: Persoon, Ic. et Descr. Fung. i:pl. 1. f. 3;
Sowerby, Col. Figs. Eng. Fungi, pi. 155; Lloyd, Myc. Writ.
4. Stip. Stereums, textf. 536, 550.

Fructifications cespitose, laterally confluent,
infundibuliform, coriaceous-spongy, rather thick,
becoming cartridge-buff to cream-color in the
herbarium, the upper side strigose-squamose;
stem short, villose at the base; hymenium with
slight, very obtuse, radial folds, under a lens
more or less setulose with hyaline hairs; cystidia
hair-like, not incrusted, cylindric, 6-8 n in di-
ameter, protruding 10-50 n beyond the basidia,
usually very numerous but sometimes only few
found; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one
side, 6-8X4-5 fx.

Fructifications 1-3 cm. in diameter, 2-3 cm. high.

On the ground in woods. Vermont to North

Fig. 6. Carolina. July to November. Rare.

S. pallidum. American specimens of S. pallidum agree

Cystidium, basi- ^^n ^j^]^ ^]^g European specimen received from

X^m5 ?rom' Bresadola, and, like the latter, are paler than
Bresadola. the otherwise excellent figures of Thelephora

1920)

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 105

pallida in Persoon's 'Icones et Descriptiones Fungorum' already
cited. Our specimens and that from Bresadola have the
hymenium distinctly setulose with hair-like cystidia. Some of
the specimens in Kew Herbarium under the name of Thelephora
Sowerheyi have hair-like cystidia, but these organs are few or
absent in whole sections from other specimens. The original
specimen of Helvella pannosa from Sowerby in Berkeley Her-
barium at Kew has hair-like cystidia. I concluded that these
cystidia are variable in abundance in English specimens and
that Thelephora Sowerheyi and Helvella pannosa as represented
by the specimen from Sowerby should be kept with Thelephora
pallida. Although the specific name pannosa of Sowerby was
at first adopted by Fries, this was dropped later when Berkeley
found this species, as understood by Sowerby, to be based upon
a mixture of two species which were separated as Thelephora
Sowerheyi and T. muliizonata; T. pallida has priority over T.
Sowerheyi.

S. pallidum may be distinguished from T. Willeyi forms of S.
diaphanum by its occurrence in small concrescent clusters, by
short villose or tomentose stem, and by thicker pileus with upper
surface split radially into stiff straight fibrils.

Specimens examined:
Austria: G. Bresadola.
England: from Sowerby, under the name Helvella pannosa (in

Kew Herb.); Cornwall, C. Rea, 1 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56241); Hereford, Mrs. Wynne (in Kew Herb., under the

name Thelephora Sowerheyi).
Vermont: Brattleboro, C. C. Frost (in Univ. Vermont Herb.);

Grand View Mountain, E. A. Burt.
Connecticut: Waterbury, C. C. Hanmer, 1191.
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, comm. by

Cornell Univ. Herb., 4192.

i6. S. elegans (Meyer) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums,
24. textf. 539. 1913. (Not S. elegans of earlier authors.)

Plate 3, fig. 15.

Thelephora elegans Meyer, Fl. Essequeboensis, 305. 1818;
Fries, Syst. Myc. i: 430. 1821; Epicr. 545. 1838. (But here
abridged in an important respect so that following authors
modified the description to apply to more common species).

106

(Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

An T. macrorrhiza L^veille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5: 146.
1818? See Lloyd, loc. cit., p. 28.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit. Not by the figures under this
name in other works, as Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., for
example.

Fructifications cespitose, coriaceous, confluent, infundibuli-
form and deeply split on one side, or little developed on one side
and prolonged and petaloid on the other; upper
surface of pilei glabrous, radially plicate, drying
diamine-brown, the margin paler and more or less
lobed; stems solid, buffy brown, short, tomen-
tose, branched above; hymenium radially plicate,
nearly white, pruinose, often cracked; pileus in
section 400 /x thick, composed of densely and longi-
tudinally arranged, hyaline hyphae 3 m in diam-
eter; no cystidia; gloeocystidia 4§ /x in diameter,
barely distinguishable from the basidia; spores
hyaline, even, subglobose, 3§-4| fx in diameter.

Fructifications 4-5 cm. high; pilei 1-2 cm. in
diameter; stems about 1 cm. long, 1-2 mm. in
diameter.

In a dense cluster of about 16 fructifications
springing from an area of 2 square centimeters
on the ground. Porto Rico to British Guiana. Summer.

I have not seen the type of Stereum elegans from Dutch Guiana
nor reference to its existence; a collection from Porto Rico on
which the preceding description is based has fructifications
growing on the ground closely together and concrescent where
in contact; the pilei are plicate on both surfaces and contrast
so greatly in color that it seems as though fuscous in connection
with the upper side and whitish flesh-color and pruinose for the
under side might have been used for the color difference. The
specimens of this collection are not zonate; infundibuliform
without any qualification of this character does not seem accu-
rate ; hence it may be that this Porto Rican collection is merely
near, rather than the true, Stereum elegans. However, solitary
fructifications growing on wood, as figured in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam., are certainly a very different species from >Sr.
elegans, the original description of which is as follows:

Fig. 7.

S. elegans.

Gloeocystidia

X 665.

11^

1920]

BURT — THELiiPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 107

''1. Thelephora elegans. nob.

"T. subcaespitosa infundibuliformis carnoso-coriacea plicata
utrinque glabra, superne dilute fusco-fasciata, inferne albescenti-
carnea pruinosa.

*Ad terrain argillosam.

'Viget Junio.

"Adumhr. Pulchra species. Gregarie crescens, subcarnosa,
tenuis, glabra. Pileus substipitatus, 1-2 uncialis, infundibuli-
formis, subcompressus, undulato-plicatus, margine irregulariter
crenatus, interne rufescens, et fasciis dilute fuscis eleganter vari-
egatus, nitens, externe albescenti-carneus, opacus, pruinosus."

Specimens examined:
Porto Rico: Mayaguez, B. Lopez Santiago, 17 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56265).

17. S. decolorans (Berk. & Curtis) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4.
Stip. Stereums, 36. 1913. Plate 3, fig. 234.

Thelephora decolorans Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 530. l^^^.—Podoscypha
decolorans (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt.
Antilles Fr. 231. 1904.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, gregarious or somewhat cespitose,
stipitate; pileus split on one side quite, or nearly, to the stem,
usually wedge-shaped to broadly flabelliform, sometimes radially
lineate, drying cinnamon; stem cylindric, colored like the
pileus, tomentose, attached by a mycelium common to several
fructifications; hymenium colored like the pileus and stem,
sometimes lineate; pileus in section 200-400 m thick, composed
of densely and longitudinally arranged hyaline hyphae 3-3| m
in diameter; no cystidia; gloeocystidia flexuous, 45-90X3-6 m,
between the basidia or curving into the hymenium; spores
hyaline, even, subglobose, 4-4^X3-4 m.

Fructifications 1-3 cm. long, 5-13 mm. broad; stem 2-10
mm. long, ^-1 mm. thick.

On dead wood. Jamaica to Trinidad. May to January.

S. decolorans is stated in the original description to have been
white, drying ochraceous; I have seen only dried specimens
which are pale cinnamon throughout. The occurrence of the

[Vol. 7
108 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

fan-shaped fructifications in clusters on dead wood, pale cinna-
mon color when dry, presence of gloeocystidia, and small sub-
globose spores constitute a group of characters by which dried
specimens of S. decolorans may be distinguished from other
species in our region.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: W. A. Murrill, 1181 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).
Cuba: C. Wright 2S4, 248, type (in Kew Herb, and Curtis

Herb.); Santiago de las Vegas, Van Herman, comm. by

F. S. Earle, 257.
Trinidad: Carengo, M. A. Carriker, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 1.

i8. S. radicans (Berk.) Burt, n. comb. Plate 3, fig. 16.

Thelephora radicans Berkeley, Hooker's London Jour. Bot.
3: 190. 1844; Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:
329. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 525. ISSS.—Podoscypha radi-
cans (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles
Fr. 230. 1904.

Type: in Kew Herb, probably.

"Plant 1| inch high, f of an inch broad, spathulate or subin-
fundibuliform, split on one side and slightly lobed, minutely
striate, with raised lines, tawny, coriaceous. Stem f of an inch
high, 1^ line thick, incrassated at the base, and sending off
strong branched roots. Hymenium nearly even, fuliginous;
spores apparently fuliginous."

The above is the original description of the type specimens,
collected in Surinam, Guiana, b}^ Hostmann, 489. My knowl-
edge of the species is based upon a later collection made in Cuba
by C. Wright and determined by Berkeley. This specimen
and the others cited below show well the longitudinal raised
lines on the upper surface of the pileus, which is thicker than in
related species, being 1-1 j mm. thick, and the hymenium 100-
200 n thick; some specimens have dried with the upper surface
pinkish buff and others from wood-brown to Verona-brown;
hymenium even, wood-brown to fuscous; stem 10-15 mm. long,
3-4 mm. in diameter, sometimes radicated to reach buried wood ;
no cystidia nor gloeocystidia; spores hyaline, even, becoming
minutely rough-walled and sometimes slightly angular, 6 X 5 m^

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 209, authentic (in Curtis Herb.).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 109

Jamaica: Castleton Gardens, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill, 66,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Trinidad: R. Thaxter (in Farlow Herb.).
Grenada: W. E. Broadway, September collection (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56316) ; St. George's,

W. E. Broadway (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56317).
British Honduras: M. E. Peck (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56321).

19. S. pusiolum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 330.
1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 558. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 168. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4: Stip. Stereums, 39.
1913. ' Plate 3, fig. 17.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications gregarious, stipitate, coriaceous, curling in
drying; pileus flabelliform or wedge-shaped, tapering to the
stem, more or less split when large, minutely tomentose or
hoary, white at first, drying smoke-gray, the margin thick and
entire; stem short, solid, a little larger towards the base, colored
like the pileus; hymenium even, mouse-gray, thick, contracting
and sometimes cracking in drying; pileus in section 400-800
IX thick, composed of closely and longitudinally arranged hyaline
hyphae 2\ n'm diameter; no cystidia, gloeocystidia, nor conduct-
ing hyphae; spores hyaline, even, apiculate at base, 4-5^ X 3-5 ju.

Fructifications 1-2 cm. high, 1-15 mm. broad; stem 5-8 mm.
long, §-l| mm. thick.

On clay ground. West Indies. November to March.

The white pileus, drying gray of nearly the shade of Polyporus
adustus, minutely hairy, wedge-shaped, and without zonation,
the much darker hymenium — dark as in P. adustus — the rather
large spores, and the absence of gloeocystidia afford a group of
characters highly distinctive for Stereum pusiolum, the descrip-
tion of which I have changed materially from that published
by the authors of the species. They disregarded Wright's note
that the specimens were white and were collected on banks by
roadside and published instead " ruf obrunneum" and ''on root-
lets." The recent collections, cited below, which I have com-
pared with the type, show also that the dimensions of the fructi-
fications are usually much larger than those of the type collection.

[Vol. 7
110 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 510, type (in Curtis Herb.); El Yunque,

Baracoa, L. M. Underwood & F. S. Earle, 1087, 11 41,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., 1141 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56588).
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. R. Johnston, 89 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56284).

20. S. glabrescens Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10 : 330. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 558. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 169. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip.
Stereums, 37. textf. 558. 1913. Plate 3, fig. 18:

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications scattered, sometimes two from a common
mycelial pad, stipitate; pileus flabelliform, zonate, minutely
velvety, sometimes nearly glabrous, drying Verona-brown to
chestnut, the margin paler, tapering behind into a short stem;
stem lateral, nearly equal, velvety; hymenium even, concave,
drying pinkish buff; no cystidia nor gloeocystidia; spores
hyaline, even, 4-5X3-4 m-

Pileus 5-20 mm. long, 5-20 mm. broad; stem 2-10 mm. long,
^-1| mm. thick.

On fallen twigs and mossy rotten wood. West Indies. May
to September.

S. glabrescens has small, rather scattered fructifications, with
firm, coriaceous, minutely velvety pileus and stem, small sub-
globose spores, and no cystidia, and it occurs on wood. Some
collections are nearly glabrous. A mycelial pad is usually
present at base of stem.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 520, type (in Curtis Herb.); Pinar del Rio,
J. A. Shafer, 13906 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 56298).
Porto Rico: Ponce, F. S. Earle, 163, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb.
Jamaica: Hollymount, L. M. Underwood, 3427 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56299).
Dominica: Landat, F. E. Lloyd, 380, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 111

21. S. flabellatum Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. i6: 179.
1900; Sacc. Syll. Fung. i6: 187. 1902; Lloyd, Myc. Writ.
4. Stip. Stereums, 39. 1913.

Podoscypha flabellata Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles
Fr. 231. 1904.

Pileus membranaceous, thin, expanded anteriorly, regularly
attenuated posteriorly into a lateral stipe which is compressed;
margin papyraceous, deeply incised or lobed; dorsal surface
marked by slight puberulence of projecting hairs or crests which
are slightly diverging or fan-shaped, not zonate; hymenium
inferior, glabrous, even; stem becoming pubescent, short,
enlarged at the base into a disk for attachment.

Fructification 4-6 cm. high; stem ^-1 cm. long, 1-2 mm.
thick. Fructification erect, spathulate, often confluent by the
margin with neighbors, whitish when hving, hvid and pellucid
upon drying.

On rotting wood on the ground. Guadaloupe.

The above is a translation of Patouillard's description. Lloyd
saw a specimen in the museum at Berlin and states that the
dried specimens are dark reddish bay.

22. S. fissum Berkeley, Hooker's Jour. Bot. 8: 273. 1856;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 169. 1890; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 11: 120. 1895; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums,
37. text f. 559. 1913. Plate 3, fig. 19.

S. HuberianumF. Hennings, Hedwigia 41: (15). 1902; 43:
173. 1904.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Kew Herb, and in Curtis Herb.

Pilei gregarious, occurring singly, sessile or short-stipitate,
coriaceous, flabelliform or wedge-shaped, often divided into
wedge-shaped segments, glabrous, even, not shining nor zonate,
white when fresh, now reddish brown in the herbarium, attached
by a flat mycelial pad; hymenium even;, in structure 300-400
n thick, composed of densely and longitudinally arranged hyaline
hyphae 3 m, or some 4 n, in diameter; no cystidia nor gloeo-
cystidia; the few detached spores found are hyaline, even, 6X4 /x.

Pileus 8-15 mm. long, 3-15 mm. broad.

On dead twigs, Brazil.

(Vol. 7
112 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

S. fissum may yet be found as far north as the West Indies and
Central America. The species is noteworthy by its occurrence
on dead twigs in scattered, solitary, azonate fructifications which
are often deeply split into segments, and by absence of cystidia
and gloeocystidia.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ule, Myc. Brasil., 42, under the name Stereum Huheri-
anum. *

Brazil: Panure, Spruce, 27, type (in Curtis Herb.); Amazonas,
Marmellos, and Jurna, E. Ule, in Ule, Myc. Brasil., 42.

23. S. cyphelloides Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:
331. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 558. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 172. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip.
Stereums, 35. 1913. Plate 3, fig. 20.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Pileus small, flabelliform or spatulate, drying pinkish buff,
longitudinally fibrillose, bibulous, the margin entire, narrowed
behind into a short stem-like base; in structure up to 600 11
thick, composed of thin-walled, hyaline hyphae 2^-3 n in diam-
eter, interwoven in the subhymenium; hymenium even, dry-
ing of same color as upper surface of pileus; no conducting
organs, gloeocystidia, nor cystidia; spores hyaline, even, 4-5 X

3—3^ yU.

Pileus 3-6 mm. wide, 5-7 mm. long.

On a bank among moss. West Indies. February and March.

S. cyphelloides differs from most Stereums in not having a hard
compact structure, as in S. rameale, for example; it is of soft and
bibulous texture but rather too thick for a Cyphella. The stem-
like base is flattened in the same plane with the pileus and has the
hymenium continued along its whole length, hence it is merely a
narrowed portion of the pileus.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 511, type (in Curtis Herb.).
Porto Rico: Monte Cerrote, near Adjuntas, N. L. Britton &
Stewardson Brown, 5449 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56261).

24. S. Hartmanni (Mont.) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stere-
ums, 34. text f. 553. 1913. Plate 3, fig. 21.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 116

Thelephora Hartmanni Montagne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II.
20: 366. 1843; Syll. Crypt. 176. 1856; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6r
535. 1888.— r. dissecta Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5:
146. 1846; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 531. 1888; Lloyd, loc. cit., 39.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: authentic specimen from Montagne in Kew Herb.

Pilei solitary or cespitose, sessile or barely stipitate, coriaceous,
thin, white, wedge-shaped, deeply cleft into narrow segments
which are more or less pectinate along their margins and apex
and have these teeth-like portions incurved; no cystidia; na
gloeocystidia; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 4-5X3|-4m.

Pileus 7-50 mm. long, 5-40 mm. broad.

On decaying wood and bark and dead herbaceous stems.
Carolina to Bolivia. July to September in West Indies and
February in Bolivia.

The pilei of S. Hartmanni occur in small tufts of two or three
in the specimens which have been seen; they are very dainty
and unique by the narrow pectinate margins and tips which are
more or less incurved; rarely these teeth occur on the lower
surface of segments of the pileus in a manner suggestive of teeth
of an Ir-pex but they are in most cases marginal. The maximum
dimensions of the pileus are from the Porto Rican collection;
the other specimens do not have pilei more than 2-3 cm. long.
I have not seen the type of Thelephora dissecta Lev., which was
collected in Guadeloupe; the description agrees so well with S.
Hartmanni that I have followed Lloyd's conclusion that T.
dissecta is a synonym of S. Hartmanni.

Specimens examined:
Carolina: Hartmann, authentic, from Montagne (in Kew Herb.).
Porto Rico: Luquillo Mountain, P. Wilson, SIS (in N. Y. Bot.

Card. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56302).
St. Kitt's: N. L. Britton & J. F. Cowell, 706, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.
BoHvia: R. E. Fries, 272, comm. by L. Romell, 447 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 54780).

25. S. craspedium (Fries) Burt, n. comb. Plate 3, fig. 22.

Thelephora {Merisma) craspedia Fries, R. Soc. Sci. Upsal.
Actis III. i: 108. 1851; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 533. 1888;
Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 34. 1913.

[Vol. 7
114 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Type: a fragment in Kew Herb., according to Lloyd.

Erect, cespitose, membranaceous-soft, fragile when dry,
palmately branched, complanate, ribbed, dilated above, lacer-
ate-fimbriate at the apex; hymenium definitely inferior, pallid
gilvus; spores white.

In pine woods, Pico de Orizaba, 10,000 ft. altitude, Mexico.
Collected by Liebman.

An extraordinary species, similar to Thelephora tuberosa and
Tremellodendron pallidum but with the substance thin, some-
what membranaceous, fragile when dry, and with the pileus
foliaceous-complanate, ribbed (ribs commonly simple as in
Alaria), very distinct. More than an inch high. Hymenium
occupying the whole lower surface, at length floccose-collapsing
and often foveolate, almost porose; basidia evidently 4-spored.

The above is a translation of the original description. I did
not find the type in Herb. Fries at Upsala nor see the frag-
ment which Lloyd has reported as preserved at Kew.

The specimen from Dutch Guiana, which is cited below, is so
similar in aspect to yTremellodendron pallidum that it is probably
S. craspedium. This cluster is 7 cm. in diameter and 3-4 cm.
high, and agrees well with details of the original description.
The basidia are simple, only detached spores found. These are
hyaline, even, globose, 3 m in diameter.

Specimens examined:
Dutch Guiana: Jacob Samuels (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56300).

26. S. petalodes Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 9: 198.
1852; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 557. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 27:165. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stere-
.ums, 32. textf. 65L 1913. Plate 3, fig. 23.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Kew Herb, according to Lloyd.

Pileus coriaceous, sessile, at first infundibuliform, soon split
into numerous lobes which are again more or less divided, dull
reddish brown, marked with long grooves or striae; hymenium
pale, much cracked, sometimes so much so as to be nearly
granulated.

San Domingo. Coll., Salle, 52.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 115

The above is the original description of S. petalodes, a species
of which I have seen no specimen. Lloyd's figure of the type
shows the fructification to be a rosette-shaped mass 4 cm. high
and 6 mm. in diameter, composed of many elongated pileate
flaps, each of which is flattened and up to 7 mm. broad. No
record was published by Berkeley as to whether S. petalodes
grows on ground or on wood.

27. S. anastomosans (Berk. & Curtis) Lloyd, Myc. Writ.

4. Stip. Stereums, 35. 1913.

Thelephora anastomosans Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 10: 329. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:534. 1888.

Type: in Curtis Herb, and Kew Herb.

Fructification stipitate, white, with the pileus divided into
many segments; pileate branches and branchlets more or less
laterally grown together above, somewhat flabel-
liform and fimbriate, below more or less distinct
or confluent into the common stem; hymenium (^

even, inferior; no cystidia nor gloeocystidia; Q

spores copious, hyaline, even, subglobose, 4-4|X
3^-4 M. ^'^- ^-

T-i.-r-i- ij_r»i i*T- S. anastomosans.

Fructifications about 2| cm. high. Spores x 665

On stump. Cuba. October. From type.

It was noted by the authors of the species that

5. anastomosans is allied to S. craspedium, but the divisions of
its pileus are narrower than I understand them to be in the lat-
ter. S. anastomosans is somewhat suggestive of S. Hartmanni
and S. proliferum but differs in having many pileate divisions
grow out from a common trunk so as to form a rosette-like
mass, as in doubled forms of Thelephora caryophyllea.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 280, type (in Curtis Herb.).

28. S. proliferum (Berk.) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stere-
ums, 34. text /. 55J^. 1913. Plate 4, fig. 24.

Thelephora prolifera Berkeley, Hooker's Jour. Bot. 8:272.
1856; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 542. 1888.
Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.
Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

[Vol. 7
116 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications cespitose, stipitate, coriaceous, erect, white,
now between light buff and cartridge-buff throughout; stem
cyHndric, branched above, the branches either slender, cylindric,
sterile bodies, or flattened, membranous pilei 1-2 mm. broad,
1-1^ cm. long; hymenium on the lower side, even; a few de-
tached spores hyaline, even, 3^X3 m, none found on basidia.

Fructifications about 3 cm. high; stems ^ mm. in diam.;
pileate branches 1-1 1 cm. long, 1-2 mm. broad.

On roots of trees. Brazil.

Berkeley described *S. proUferum as somewhat creeping and
having the branches with tips attached again to the matrix by
means of large, orbicular, radiated and laciniated disks. These
characters should render this species easy for the collector to
recognize, but the herbarium specimen which I studied did not
show the above feature noticeably; it had somewhat the aspect
of S. Hartmanni but without the pectinate margins of the latter.
The hymenium of the specimen studied is in poor condition and
the spore characters, as given above, are uncertain. I studied
for N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., No. 508, a fungus collected at
Church Cove, Bermuda, which has the general aspect of S.
proliferum but with spores hyaline, even, 13-16X6-7 /x, and is
probably a distinct species. Still it is well to keep S. proliferum
in mind in connection with species of the West Indies.

Specimens examined:
Brazil: Rio Negro, Spruce, 17, type (in Curtis Herb.).

29. S. caespitosum Burt, n. sp. Plate 4, fig. 25.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, thin, cespitose, effuso-reflexed,
with the resupinate portion small and bearing a cluster of broader
and longer, imbricate, pileate lobes which are somewhat fur-
furaceous or with minute tomentum on the upper side, glabrate
towards the margin, drying tawny and zonate with ochraceous,
tawny zones, the margin entire; hymenium even, whitish to
light buff; in structure 500-700 ^ thick, with the intermediate
layer bordered above by a narrow, slightly colored zone and
composed of densely longitudinally arranged, hyaline, thick-
walled hyphae 3§ ij. in diameter; hymenial layer up to 120|/x
thick, containing numerous slender, flexuous gloeocystidia

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

117

Fig. 9.

S. caespitosum.
Gloeocystidia
and spores X

665.
From type.

3|-5 iJL in diameter near the base, tapering out-
ward; no colored conducting organs nor note-
worthy paraphyses; spores hyaHne, even, 4-4|X
3-3| IJL, copious.

Resupinate portion covers area 6X5 mm., re-
flexed lobes 5-10 mm. in diameter — about 10 in
the cluster.

On broken lateral stub of dead limb of a fron-
dose species. Jamaica. January. Probably rare.

Viewed from above, S. caespitosum has the gen-
eral aspect and coloration of species of Stereum
in sections having stems, as S. pergamenum and
S. decolorans, but is excluded from these sections
by attachment to the substratum by a distinctly
resupinate portion. The species is unique in the
effuso-reflexed section in the above resemblance,
and with additional characters of clustered,
imbricated habit of growth and presence of
gloeocystidia, should be readily recognized.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Moneague to Union Hill, W. A. Murrill, 1181, type,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

30. S. fuscum Schrader ex Quelet, Fl. Myc. France, 14. 1888;
Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3 : 106. 1897.

Plate 4, fig. 26.

Thelephora fusca Schrader, Spic. Fl. Germ. 184. 1794;
Persoon, Syn. Fung. 568. 1801, and Myc. Eur. i : 122. 1822
(in both places renaming the species T. bicolor); Fries, Syst.
Myc. i:438. 1821 (following Persoon). — T. bicolor Persoon,
Syn. Fung. 568. 1801 ; Fries, Syst. Myc. i : 438. 1S21.— Stere-
um bicolor Persoon, Myc. Eur. i : 122. 1822 (under **** Stere-
um of Thelephora); Fries, Epicr. 549. 1838; Hym. Eur. 640.
1874; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 195. 1888;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:565. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 177. 1890.— aS. coffeatum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea
i: 164. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:568. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 190. 1890.

Illustrations: Fries, Icones Hym. pi. 197. f. 2; Karsten,
leones Hym. pl.2.f.9.

118

[Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications somewhat membranaceous, soft, spongy,
sometimes resupinate, usually becoming conchate-reflexed, often

imbricated, villose, becoming glabrous,
somewhat concentrically sulcate, drying
snuiT-brown to bister; hymenium even,
glabrous, white, drying cream-color to
pallid mouse-gray; in structure 1000 n
thick, composed of longitudinally and
loosely interwoven hyphae 3 ^ in diam-
eter, colored towards the upper surface,
hyaline towards the hymenium; hyme-
nium not zonate, containing flexuous
gloeocystidia 20-60X5-7 n, rarely 90 n,
long; spores hyaline, 3-4§X2-3 /x.

Reflexed pileus 1-4 cm. long, 2-5 cm.
wide; resupinate specimens 3-10X1-3 cm.
On rotting frondose limbs usually, but
sometimes on pine. Canada to Texas,
westward to Oregon, in the West Indies,
and also in Europe. April to December.
Not rare.
Reflexed specimens of S. fuscum may be recognized at sight
by the soft, pliant pileus, brown and felt-like above, with a white
hymenium. Gloeocystidia are so rare in the hymenium of a
Stereum that their presence in abundance in this species affords
a decisive specific character. Wholly resupinate specimens
have the color of the hymenium of reflexed fructifications and
have similar consistency and gloeocystidia. So many reflexed
species occur resupinate that one should be sure to gather the
more or less reflexed fructifications which can usually be secured
associated with the resupinate specimens. Since both Persoon
and Fries recognized the priority of Schrader's specific nsune fus-
cum and substituted hicolor, presumably because highly distinc-
tive and appropriate for the species, the restoration of the
original name by recent mycologists seems just.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 1207; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col.,
1019; Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 3233; Ravenel, Fungi Am.,
9; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2:33; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ.,
1704.

Fig. 10. S. fuscum.
Gloeocystidia and spores
X 665.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 119

Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ.,

1704.
Sweden: Femsjo, L. Romell, 402.
England: Selby, E. A. Burt.
France: Allier, H. Bourdot, 16141.
Hungary: Kmet, comm. by G. Bresadola.
Canada: J. Macoun, 76, 280.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 21, 59; Toronto, /. H. Fault,

Univ. Toronto Herb., 361 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44863).
Vermont: Middlebury, E.A.Burt; North Ferrisburg, E.A. Burt.
New York: Bronx Park, New York, H. D. House (in N. Y.

State Mus. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54392),

and W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56773); Staten Island, W. H. Ballou

(in Burt Herb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56774); Syracuse, D. C. Mills (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56281).
Pennsylvania: Kittanning, D. R. Sumstine; West Chester, Ever-

hart & Haines, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 1207.
District of Columbia: C. L. Shear, 1039; Takoma Park, C. L.

Shear, 954-
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2:33;

Santee Canal, H. W. Ravenel, 910 (in Curtis Herb.), and

Curtis Herb., 2923, type of Stereum coffeatum (in Kew

Herb.); Salem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Schweinitz).
Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, 5680 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44219); Tipton, C. J. Humphrey, 156.
Florida: Gainesville, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am.,

9; Lake City, P. L. Richer, 898; New Smyrna, C. G.

Lloyd, 21 18.
Alabama: Auburn, L. M. Underwood, comm. by U. S. Dept.

Agr. Herb., F. S. Earle (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5058),

and F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker; Fayette Co., P. V. Siggers,

comm. by A. H. W. Povah, 15 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

9226); Montgomery Co., R. P. Burke, 33 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 15763).
Mississippi: Chicou (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43014).
Louisiana: Abita Springs, A. B. Langlois; New Orleans, F. S,

[Vol. 7
120 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56775); St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, bz, 2095, and a
specimen comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2737.

Texas: San Antonio, W. H. Long, 21703 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55164).

Ohio: A. P. Morgan (in Lloyd Herb.) and C. G. Lloyd, in Ell.
& Ev., Fungi Col., 1019; Linwood, C. G. Lloyd, 1154, 1326)
Norwood, C. G. Lloyd, V.

Indiana: Greencastle, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56276, 56278); Hibernian
Mills, Whetzel & Reddick, comm. by D. Reddick, 3.

Wisconsin: Madeline Island, V. B. Walker, 6a (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 8359); Madison, Miss A. 0. Stucki, 26.

Missouri: Marianna, H. von Schrenk (in Burt Herb, and Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 42836); Oran, H. von Schrenk (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 42835); Perryville, C. H. Demetrio, in
Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 3233; Williamsville, B. M. Duggar,
482.

Arkansas: Cass, W. H. Long, 19923 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
• 13266); Levisque, P. Spaulding (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5057).

Idaho: Kooskia, /. R. Weir, 589 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56776).

British Columbia: Agassiz, /. R. Weir, 603 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 36748).

Oregon: Corvallis, C. E. Owens, 2037 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
43871).

Cuba: Alto Cedro, L. M. Underwood & F. S. Earle, 1571, 1581,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Baracoa, L. M. Under-
wood & F. S. Earle, 504, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Jamaica: Cinchona, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 462, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.; Hope Gardens, F. S. Earle, 500, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Mandeville, A. E. Wight,
comm. by W. G. Farlow; Troy and Tyre, W. A. Murrill
& W. Harris, 1073, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

31. S. rufum Fries, Epicr. 553. 1838; Hym. Eur. 644. 1874;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:575. 1888; Romell, Bot. Not. 1895:
71. 1895. Plate 4, fig. 27.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

121

Thelephora rufum Fries, Elenchus Fung, i : 187. 1828. —
Cryptochaete rufa (Fries) Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag
Natur och Folk 48: 408. 1889. — Tubercularia pezizoidea
Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4:301. 1832; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 4: 644. 1886. — Hypocrea Richardsonii Berkeley
& Montagne, Grevillea 4: 14. 1875; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2:528.
1883; Ellis & Everhart, N. Am. Pyrenomycetes, 86. 1892.—
Corticium pezizoideum (Schw.) von Schrenk, Torr. Bot. Club
Bui. 21: 385. pi. 218. 1894.

Illustrations: von Schrenk, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 21: pi. 218.
1894.

Type: in Herb. Fries.

Fructifications scattered or gregarious, coriaceous-fleshy,
bursting out from the bark, verruciform, plicate-tuberculose,

^^fK£f;^:

'...V^:Ci

Fig. 11. S. rufum. Fructifications, /; section of fructification, m; section of
hymenial region, n; spores, s. After von Schrenk.

peltate, vinaceous-brown to hematite-red, under side glabrous,
the margin free all around; hymenium becoming coarsely
wrinkled, vinaceous-brown, often grayish pruinose; in structure
1-2 mm. thick at the center, 600-800 ix thick in the marginal
portion, composed of ascending, loosely interwoven, incrusted,
hyaline hyphae 4-4^ ju in diameter over the incrustation; flexuous
gloeocystidia 50-90X7-10 m are scattered in or near the hymeni-
um but not protruding; spores white in spore collection, even,
curved, 6-8Xlf-2 m-

Fructifications 2-4 mm. in diameter.

On dead fallen Populus tremuloides. Newfoundland to Mass-
achusetts and westward to North Dakota and Colorado.
March to December. Common. Occurs in Scandinavia also.

[Vol. 7
122 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

S. rufum may be recognized at sight by its occurrence on

prostrate poplar limbs and logs in the form of small vinaceous

fructifications with the hymenium gyrosely wrinkled. The

fructifications become peltate when full grown, attached by the

center, and with the marginal portions free and turned outward.
Specimens examined:

Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 1817, under the name
Corticium rufo-marginatum, and 2716; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,
1329; Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs., 123; Shear, N. Y. Fungi,
88.

Norway: Christiania, M. N. Blytt, authentic specimen (in
Herb. Fries).

Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, in Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs.,
123; Upsala, L. Ro7nell, 39.

Newfoundland: B. L. Robinson & H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 42944); Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17692).

Ontario: Toronto, T. Langton, Univ. Toronto Herb., 595 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

Maine: Orono, F. L. Harvey, 6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
16620) ; Portage, L. W. Riddle, 10.

New Hampshire: Shelburne, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 14796).

Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two collections; North Fer-
risburg, E. A. Burt.

Massachusetts: Peabody, A. R. Sweetser; Waverley, H. von
Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16623).

New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, in Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 88;
East Galway, E. A. Burt; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 4775) ; Willsboro Point, C. 0. Smith, in
Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 1817.

Pennsylvania: Trexlertown, W. Herbst.

Michigan: Mackinac Island, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 707; North-
port, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22481).

Wisconsin: La Crosse, W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
14794); Madison, W. Trelease, in Elhs, N. Am. Fungi,
1329, and (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14794, 16621); Pal-
myra, Miss A. 0. Stucki, 27; Syene, W. Trelease, 3022 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14793).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

123

Nebraska: Lincoln, Miss L. B. Walker, 7 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44818).
North Dakota: Fargo, F. J. Seaver, 26, 54 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 16222, 16637).
Montana: Helena, F. W. Anderson, 202 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 21165).
Colorado: Blind Canon Placer, C. L. Shear, 1021; Golden, E.

Bartholomew & E. Bethel, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col.,

2716, and E. Bethel & L. 0. Overholts, comm. by L. O.

Overholts, 1754 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54875); Ouray,

C. L. Shear, 1187.

32. S. Pini Fries, Epicr. 553. 1838; Hym. Eur. 643. 1874;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 574. 1888. Plate 4, fig. 28.

Thelephora Pini Fries, Syst. Myc. i: 443. 1821; Elenchus
Fung. 1 : 187. 1828. — Sterellum Pini (Schleich.) Karsten, Finska
Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48: 405. 1889.

Illustrations: Smith, Brit. Basidiomycetes, textf. 98 E, F.

Fructifications gregarious, coriaceous-cartilaginous, orbic-
ular, resupinate, with the margin free and attached by the
center, shield-shaped, finally bullate, drying rigid, Benzo-brown;
hymenium wood-brown to Benzo-brown, somewhat pruinose,
becoming somewhat
tuberculose; in struc-
ture 500 M thick, thin-
ning out towards the
margin, with the in-
termediate layer bor-
dered on each side b}-
a narrow, colored zone '=—-~ZJ^^
and composed of Ion- ^§^^J
gitudinally arranged,
densely interwoven,
hyaline hyphae with
walls gelatinously

modified, the subhymenium olivaceous-colored; cystidia in-
crusted, 24X8 ju, sometimes very few to be found; fusoid or
irregular gloeocystidia, 30-40X10-15 m, are sparingly present
in or near the hymenium; spores hyaline, even, curved, 5-6
X2-2I /x.

Fig. 12. S. Pini. Fructifications, /, natural size;
cystidia, c, and gloeocystidia, g, X 665.

[Vol. 7
124 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications 1-4 mm. in diameter.

On bark of fallen limbs of Pinus resinosa. Maine and New
Hampshire. August. Rare.

The fructifications are so near the color of the bark of the
dead pine limbs upon which they grow that they are likely to be
overlooked, or, if collected, roughly classed among the Dis-
comycetes on account of their resemblance to these fungi in
aspect. The occurrence on pine bark, small, shield-shaped
fructifications Benzo-brown in color, and showing in section
both cystidia and gloeocystidia are a combination of characters
which should not fail to identify this species.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Krieger, Fungi Sax., 364; Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc,

213.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 32.
Germany: Dresden, in Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc, 213; Konigs-

tein, Saxony, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax., 364.
France: St. Priest, Allier, H. Bourdot, 15067.
Maine: J. Blake, 659 (in Curtis Herb.).
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 37.

33. S. purpureum Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. i:
110. 1794; Obs. Myc. 2: 92. 1799; Fries, Epicr. 548. 1838;
Hym. Eur. 639. 1874; Berkeley, Brit. Fung. 270. 1860; Mor-
gan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 194. 1888; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 563. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:
186. 1890. Plate 4, fig. 29.

Thelephora purpurea Versoon, Syn. Fung. 571. 1801; Myc.
Eur. i: 121. 1822; Fries, Syst. Myc. i: 440. lS21.—Stereum
vorticosum Fries, Obs. Myc. 2: 275. 1818; Epicr. 548. 1838;
Hym. Eur. 639. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 563. 1888.

Illustrations: Fl. Danicas: pi. 534- f- 4', Hussey, 111. Br. Myc.
pi. 20. J. A; Istvanffi, Jahrbuch. f. wiss. Bot. 29: pi. 6.f. 37-39;
Lanzi, Fungi di Roma, pi. 11. f. 2: Sowerby, Col. Figs. Eng.
Fungi, pi. 388. f. 1.

Type: authentic specimen from Persoon in Kew Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous-soft, drying rigid, sometimes resup-
inate, usually more or less reflexed, often imbricated, the

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 125

upper side villose-tomentose, light buff to cartridge-buff, the
margin entire; hymenium even, glabrous, light purple-drab to
dark vinaceous-drab; in structure about 500-800 ix thick ex-
cluding the tomentum, with the intermediate layer more loosely
arranged on its under side in the
subhymenial region and contain- ^. r ••rnrf vtt
ing pyriform, or subglobose, vesic- \\\ iijj/li'Wj ill I
ular organs 15-30X12-25 n; no U/^hp J ^i^'///-^

^^/^

cystidia; spores hyaline, even, •^^^-^^^^
flattened on one side, 5-7X2§-3 y..

Fructifications with resupinate ~^^^=^^==~
portion about 1-2 cm. in diam-
eter; reflexed portion 5-20 mm. ^ig- 13. 'Sf. pwpweum. Section

,1 T , . . 1 of hymenial region X 90, and vesic-

broad, and sometimes crisped ^i^r bodies X 665. From authentic

or lobed with lobes 5 mm. in specimen.
diameter.

On dead stumps and logs of Populus, Betula, and other fron-
dose species. Newfoundland to Delaware and westward to
British Columbia and Oregon, also in Uruguay and in Europe.
June to April. Common but not ranging into torrid regions.

S. purpureum is usually recognized by its buff, tomentose
pileus, purplish hymenium which does not bleed when wounded,
and occurrence on poplar. Sectional preparations show charac-
teristic vesicular organs in the subhymenial region, such as
are present in the closely related S. rugosiusculum, but no hair-
like cystidia in the hymenium, by the absence of which S. pur-
pureum is distinguished from the latter.

The authentic specimen of S. vorticosum in Herb. Fries at
Upsala is 2-3X1^ cm., narrowly reflexed, with dark purplish
hymenium, and with the usual microscopic structure and spores
of S. purpureum.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 3489; Berkeley, Brit.
Fungi, 147; Cooke, Fungi Brit., 12; Ell. & Ev., N. Am.
Fungi, 2018, 2601; Klotzsch, Fungi Germ., 50; Krieger,
Fungi Sax., 1852; Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc, 504; Romell,
Fungi Scand. Exs., 27; Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 311.
Europe: authentic specimen of Thelephora purpurea from Per-
soon (in Herb. Hooker in Kew Herb.).

[Vol. 7
126 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Sweden: E. Fries (in Kew Herb.); Femsjo, authentic specimen
of Stereum vorticosum (in Herb. Fries) ; Stockholm, L. Ro-
mell, 34, 288 J and in Romell, Fmigi Scand. Exs., 27.

England: M. J . Berkeley^ in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 147; Hamp-
stead, M. C. Cooke, in Cooke, Fungi Brit., 12.

France: Corrombles, comm. bj' Lloyd Herb., 3355; St. Priest,
Allier, H. Bourdot, 12459, 12461.

Germany: Klotzsch, in Klotzsch, Fungi Germ., 50; Dresden,
in Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc, 504; Winterberge, Wagner &
Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax., 1852.

Austria: Stapf, Fl. Exs. Austro-Hungarica, 3543 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 5125, 715171).

Italy: Trento, G. Bresadola.

Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 20, 86 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 5091, 5092).

Ontario: Harraby, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 64I; Ottawa, J.
Macoun, 17, 39; J. M. Macoun, comm. by N. Y. State
Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56085); Port
Credit, J. H. Faull, Univ. Toronto Herb., 646 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44944); Toronto, R. P. Wodehouse, J. H.
Faull, G. H. Graham, Univ. Toronto Herb., 310, 311, 677,
respectively (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44887, 44889,
44920); Wilcox Lake, /. H. Faull, Univ. Toronto Herb.,
377 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44929).

Maine: Manchester, F. L. Scribner, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr.
Herb.; Orono, F. L. Harvey, 3 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
43850) and in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2018; Portage,
L. W. Riddle, 6.

Vermont: Brattleboro, E. A. Burt; Little Notch, E. A. Burt;
Middlebury, E. A. Burt, three collections; North Ferris-
burg, E. A. Burt; Ripton, E. A. Burt, three collections;
Walden, L. S. Orton, 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44081).

Massachusetts: Cambridge (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5094).

Connecticut: C. C. Hanmer, 2326, 2061 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 43847/8).

New York: Sartwell (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5151, 5156);
Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1120, 1122, and in Shear, N. Y. Fungi,
311; East Galway, E. A. Burt; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson,
2093, 2141, C. J. Humphrey, 307, H. S. Jackson & C. Lewis,

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 127

19396; Long Lake, A. H. W. Povah (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 9227); North Elba, C. H. Kauffman, 8 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 16701); Rome, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55022, 55024/5).
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Schweinitz);

Trexlertown, W. Herhst, 16, 28, and comm. by Lloyd Herb.,

3603.
Delaware: Wilmington, A. Commons, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am.

Fungi, 2601.
Ohio: Norwood, C. G. Lloyd, 1787, and (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5093).
Indiana: Indianapolis, J. B. Demaree, comm. by G. W. Hoffer

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54790) ; Lafayette, C. R. Orion,

5 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44082).
Wisconsin: Madison, W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5043); Star Lake, Miss A. 0. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb., 59.
Minnesota: Park Rapids, comm. by E. L. Jensen, 10 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 11100).
Montana: Helena, Monarch, J. R. Weir, 587, 598 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56738, 56739).
Wyoming: Boulder, F. S. Wolpert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 7949

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56219).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 10.
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 74- (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55352); Vancouver Island, J. Macoun, 51 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 5737), and comm. by J. Demaree, V88

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22752).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 766, 767; Easton, C. J.

Humphrey, 6449; Olympia, C. J. Humphrey, 6292; Seattle,

S. M. Zeller, 108 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44140).
Oregon: Corvallis, C. E. Owens, 2076 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44038).
Uruguay: Montevideo, W. Mitten Herb., 1325 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56691).

34. S. rugosiusculum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i: 162. 1873;
Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 193. 1888; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 567. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc Bot. Jour. 27:
187. 1890. Plate 4, fig. 30.

[Vol. 7

128

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Stereum Micheneri Berk. & Curtis emend. Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 27: 183. 1890. — S. Micheneri Berk. & Curtis, Gre-
villea i: 162. 1873 (in part). See Ann. Mo. Bot. Card, i:
214. 1914. — Corticium Nyssae Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i : 166.
1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 609. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 120. 1890. — C. siparium Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea
i: 177. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:636. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 139. 1890.

Illustrations: Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. I. i: 94.
pi. 5. /. 45.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous-soft, rarely resupinate, usually more
or less broadly refiexed, upper surface tomentose, spongy, some-
times with projecting hairs
collapsed together into a
plane or wrinkled surface,
drying cartridge-buff to
cinnamon-buff, the margin
entire; hymenium even,
drying vinaceous-buff to
fawn color; in structure up
to 1-1^ mm. thick inclusive
of the tomentum, with the
intermediate layer on its
under side in the sub-
hymenial region, loosely
interwoven, and containing more or less numerous, pyriform
vesicular bodies 15-30X10-20 /x; cystidia slender, thin-walled,
tapering hairs, not incrusted, 4-5 11 in diameter, protruding up
to 25 IX beyond the basidia; spores white in spore collection,
even, flattened on one side, 4|-6X2-3 ix.

Resupinate specimens up to 6 cm. in diameter; refiexed por-
tion 1-2 cm. broad, 2-6 cm. laterally along substratum.

On logs and stumps of Salix and other frondose species.
Ontario to Alabama, in Missouri, and in British Columbia to
Mexico; occurs also in Sweden, France, Italy, England, and
Japan. August to April.

Stereum rugosiusculum is probably more frequent and more
widely distributed than shown by the specimens received, for

m

n^

Fig. 14. S. rugosiusculum. Section of hy-
menial region X 90; cystidium and basidia,
n, vesicular body, v, and spores, s, X 665.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 129

the general aspect and microscopic structure of specimens are
usually so similar to S. purpureum that it is distinguishable from
the latter only by the presence of weak flexuous hairs in the
hymenium which are not visible until sectional preparations are
examined with the compound microscope. Such hymenial hairs
were in 1839 figured by Berkeley, loc. cit., in illustrating the
hymenium of what he regarded as Thelephora purpurea but
which now appears to have been S. rugosiusculum. All speci-
mens in which these hair-like cystidia have been demonstrated
have been either resupinate or with simple, reflexed portion
not narrowly lobed or complicate. It has not been possible to
observe a specimen throughout its whole season of growth to
determine whether the hair-like cystidia are a constant character.
In forming the glabrous, rugulose surface upon which the specific
name is based, the specimens do not become denuded of their
original tomentose covering, for sectional preparations of such
specimens, mounted in liquid medium, show this hairy covering
to be of the original thickness and with the tips of the hairs no
longer adhering together into a plane surface but now floating
free. Probably the gluing together of the hairs into a glabrous
surface is a weather phenomenon.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 3489, under the name Ster-

eum purpureum; Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 60, under

the name Stereum purpureum; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 323,

under the name Stereum purpureum.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 33.
England: M. J. Berkeley, under the name Stereum vorticosum

(in Kew Herb.).
France: Fautrey, determined by Patouillard as S. purpureum,

comm. by Lloyd Herb., 4339, 4363.
Italy: F. Cavara, in Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 60.
Ontario: London, J. Dearness, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col.,

3489.
Maine: Morse, comm. by Sprague (in Curtis Herb., 5413, type

of Stereum Micheneri as emended by Massee) ; Harrison,

/. Blake, comm. by P. L. Picker; Piscataquis Co., W. A.

Murrill, 1860, 2163 (in N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Card. Herb., 56692, 56693).

[Vol. 7
130 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Vermont: Ripton, E. A. Burt.

Massachusetts: Sprague, 492, type (in Kew Herb, and Curtis

Herb., 5412) ; Cambridge, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 4774), and A. B. Seymour, T 19 (in Mo. Bot.

Card. Herb., 43886).
New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, K, 2818a; Lake Placid,

W. A. & E. L. Murrill, U5 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56694); White Plains, L. M. Under-
wood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56268).
New Jersey: J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 323.
Pennsylvania: E. Michener, 509, type of Corticium Nyssae (in

Curtis Herb., 3486); Ohiopyle, W. A. Murrill, 1043 (in

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56695);

Trexlertown, W. Herhst.
Virginia: Blacksburg, W. A. Murrill, 351 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56710).
Alabama: Peters, 858, type of Corticium siparium (in Curtis

Herb., 5239) ; Montgomery Co., R. P. Burke (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56792).
Missouri: Creve Coeur Lake, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 13031).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 595 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

36740).
British Columbia: J. Macoun, 62 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5740).
Washington: Bellingham, J. R. Weir, 604 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 36741); Seattle, W. A. Murrill, 129, 139, 147, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55743,

55732, 55728); W. A. Murrill, 136, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55735), and S. M.

Zeller, 129 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 129).
Oregon: Corvallis, W. A. Murrill, 892a, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55724); Kiger

Island, S, M. Zeller, 1788 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56653).
California: R. A. Harper, 36 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56697); Sierra Nevada Mts., Hark-

ness, 1060 (in Herb. Cooke in Kew Herb., under the name

Stereum muscigenum) .

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

131

Mexico: Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 4IO, 546, 547 (in
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54535,
54581, 54582).

Japan: Kushiro, A. Yasuda, 64 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56136).

35. S. Murrayi (Berk. & Curtis) Burt, n. comb.

Plate 4, figs. 31, 32.

Thelephora Murraii Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 329. 1868; Grevillea i: 150. 1873; spelling of specific
name changed to Murrayi in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 546. 1888. —
Stereum tuherculosum Fries, Hym. Eur. 644. 1874; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 586. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 204.
1890; Romell, Bot. Not. 1895: 70. 1895. — S. pulverulentum
Peck, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 27: 20. 1900; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16:
187. 1902.

Illustrations: Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 5. Myc. Notes 62: pi. I48.
/. 1690. 1920.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications corky, adnate, usually resupinate and broadly
effused, sometimes reflexed, the reflexed upper surface a hard,
horny crust, not shining, concentric-
ally sulcate, fuscous-black or aniline-
black, the margin entire; hymenium
drying from pale olive-bufT to avella-
neous, tubercular, deeply cracking; in
structure 300 /j. thick at first, then be-
coming stratose and thickening to 800
-2000 /JL, composed of densely inter-
woven, rather suberect hyaline hyphae
2|-4 n in diameter and of very numer-
ous, hyaline, pyriform vesicular organs
15-20X12-15 fi which are distributed
throughout the whole fructification; no
colored conducting organs nor cystidia;
spores white in spore collection, even, flattened on one side,

4^-5X21/1.

Resupinate specimens 1-10 cm. in diameter, becoming con-
fluent, reflexed part 3-10 mm. broad.

Fig. 15. S. Murrayi. Sec-
tion of hymenial region X
488, showing vesicular bodies.

[Vol. 7
132 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On rotting logs and limbs of frondose species such as Acer,
Betula, Fagus, Quercus, and Tilia. Canada to West Indies and
westward to British Columbia. April to October in the north
and October to March in the West Indies. Common. Occurs
in Scandinavia also.

The specimens upon which were based the original descrip-
tions of S. Murrayi and its synonyms were resupinate; in each
instance the species was included in Stereum or Thelephora,
although longitudinally arranged hyphae are not present and
do not constitute an intermediate layer. The distinguishing
characters of the resupinate specimens are their thickness,
pallid to pale avellaneous color, tubercular and deeply cracked
hymenium, abundance of vesicular organs throughout the whole
thickness of the fructification, and occurrence on a frondose
substratum. The horny crust forming the upper side of the
pileus is similar to that of some species of Fomes and is unique
among our Stereums, but the reflexed stage is so rare that this
character does not often afford help in recognizing the species.
The geographical distribution in three widely separated areas is
remarkable; it seems probable that the European stations in
Norway and Sweden should be regarded as merely outlying
stations of a common North American species; it is very strange
that a species presumably northern should be well established
in Cuba and Jamaica and absent from Florida and the Carolinas,
yet specimens from all three isolated regions are identical in
aspect and microscopical structure.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 704, under the nsnae Stereum

rugosum; Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2903, under the name

Corticium colUculosum; Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 51, under the

name Stereum rugosum.
Norway: M. N. Blytt, type of Stereum tuherculosum (in Herb.

Fries) .
Sweden: Island of Gotland, on Abies excelsa, L. Romell, 135.
Canada: J. Macoun, 18, 43, 60; BiUings Bridge, /. Macoun, 44;

Lower St. Lawrence Valley, /. Macoun, 69, 72.
Ontario: /. Dearness, 1022 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 22682);

Blackwater, J. McFarlane, Univ. Toronto Herb., 330 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44865); Harraby, Lake Rosseau,

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 133

E. T. & S. A. Harper, 730; London, /. Dearness, two

collections, and in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 704; Ottawa,

J. Macoun, 12, and 676 — the latter comm. by W. G. Farlow

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56757) ; Toronto, Algonquin Park

and Lome Park, J. H. Faull, Univ. Toronto Herb., 500

and 333 respectively (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44854 and

44873).
Maine: F. L. Harvey, comm. by P. L. Ricker, and F. L. Harvey,

type of Stereum pulverulentum (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.)

and cotype comm. by P. L. Ricker; Portage, L. W. Riddle,

19; Sebec Lake, W. A. Murrill, 2304 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56755).
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow; Crawford Notch,

L. 0. Overholts, 4582 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55640);

Groton, /. Blake, comm. by P. L. Ricker; Hebron, P.

Wilson (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56756) ; Shelburne, W. G. Farlow (in Farlow Herb.).
Vermont: Bristol, E. A. Burt; Grand View Mt., E. A. Burt,

two collections; Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two collections;

Ripton, E. A. Burt, two collections and also near Abby

Pond and Lost Pleiad Lake.
Massachusetts: Murray, comm. by Sprague, 546, authentic

specimen of Thelephora Murrayi (in Curtis Herb., 5809).
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1206, 1311, and in Shear, N. Y.

Fungi, 51; Altamont, E. A. Burt; Floodwood, E, A. Burt;

Fulton Center, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56274); Horicon, C. H. Peck

(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56107); Ithaca, C. J. Humphrey, 649; Lake Placid, W. A.

& E. L. Murrill, 194 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56756); North Elba, C. H. Peck, 1;

Seventh Lake, Adirondack Mts., B. M. Duggar & F. C.

Stewart; West Ann, S. H. Burnham, 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 43997).
West Virginia: Nuttallburg, L. W. Nuttall, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi

Col., 704.
Michigan: Houghton, C. H. Kauffman, comm. by N. Y. State

Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55812); Sailors'

Encampment, Miss A. 0. Stucki, 5; Vermilion, A. H.W.

Povah, 190 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17615).

134

[Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Wisconsin: Ladysmith, C. J. Humphrey, 1914 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 42916).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 362, 379 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 16533, 17115).
British Columbia: Agassiz, J. R. Weir, 351 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 8066).
Cuba: C. Wright, 269, type (in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.);

Alto Cedro, Earle & Murrill, 491, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.; Ciego de Avila, Earle & Murrill, 590, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Herradura, Earle & Murrill,

188, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 3360 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 7584).
Jamaica: Constant Spring Hotel grounds, W. A. & E. L.

Murrill, 34, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; New Haven

Gap, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 771, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.; Port Antonio, F. S. Earle, 575, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

36. S. saxitas Burt, n. sp. Plate 4, fig. 33.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Fructification thick, stratose, stony-hard throughout, resupi-
nate, effused, becoming narrowly reflexed, the reflexed portion

black above, irregular, stony;
hymenium even or tubercular,
not shining, drying cartridge-
buff to whitish; in structure 1-5
0 mm. thick, stratose, composed
0 of alternating pale and darker
•S layers but with a horn-like
translucent luster throughout
when cut; a few vesicular or-
gans 20-25x12-15 M present
alon^ the under portion of each
stratum; no cystidia; spores
hyaline, even, 4-5 X 3-4 m-
Resupinate portion 3-6 cm. in
diameter; reflexed margin 2-4 mm. broad.

On bark of apparently a frondose species. Mexico and
Jamaica. December and May.

mmm

Fig. 16. S. saxitas. Section of hy-
menial region X 90, showing vesicular
bod ies ; spores, s, X 665.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

135

S. saxitas resembles in aspect S. Murrayi, and relationship to
this species is further shown by the presence of vesicular organs;
however, it is thicker than S. Murrayi, stony-hard throughout,
contains but few vesicular cells, and has subglobose spores. Its
structure is so extremely hard that it has been possible to cut
sections for microscopic details of only the hymenium and
nearly adjacent regions even after prolonged soaking in water.

Specimens examined:
Mexico : Guernavaca, W. A.& E.L. Murrill, 419, type, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54552).
Jamaica: John Crow Peak, D. S. Johnson (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56758, and Burt Herb.).

37. S. styracifluum Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig
Schrift. i: 105. 1822 (under B. Sterea of Thelephora); Fries,
Epicr. 549. 1838; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 569. 1888.

Plate 4, figs. 34, 35.

Thelephora styracifiua Schweinitz in Fries, Elenchus Fung.
i: 177. 1828; Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 167.
1832.

Type: in Herb. Schweinitz and portions in Herb. Fries and
Curtis Herb. ^^^

Fructification coriaceous, resupinate and effused, with a nar-
row, free marginal portion, or slightly reflexed, tomentose, dry-
ing pinkish buff to cinnamon-buff;
hymenium dull, pruinose, not mul-
tizonate, drying pinkish buff, exud-
ing a yellow milk when compressed
and becoming dark-discolored, con-
tracting in drying and splitting; in
structure 700-800 n thick, with the
intermediate layer bordered on its
upper side by a pale golden zone
not denser than the rest of the
layer, composed of very densely
arranged hyphae 2^-3 n in diam-
eter, with pale-colored conducting

organs 3-3^ m in diameter which curve into the hymenium; no
cystidia; spores hyaline, even, slightly curved, 5-8X2|-3 ju-

Fig. 17. S. styracifluum. Section
of hymenial region X 488, showing
conducting organs. From type.

(Vol. 7
136 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Resupinate portion 3X2 cm.; the free margin up to 5 mm.
broad.

On under side of dead, fallen limbs of Liquidambar and mossy
dead trunk of Carpinus. North Carolina and Alabama. Jan-
uary. Rare.

S. styracifluum is intermediate between S. rameale and S.
rugosum; in the region where it occurs it is likely to be regarded
as a resupinate form of S. rameale, from which it differs in darker
and more irregular hymenial surface, greater thickness of fructi-
fication, margin sometimes with a black edge, and reflexed part
tomentose to the margin; the pale-colored conducting organs
are similar in the two species but rather more abundant in S.
styracifluum. The general aspect is so similar to that of *S.
rugosum, very common in Europe, that the yellow milk of S.
styracifluum was properly regarded by Schweinitz as an impor-
tant distinctive character of the American species; other differ-
ences are that the intermediate layer is much broader and denser
than that of S. rugosum, that the hymenium is only 20-30 m
broad, never zonate, and that the conducting organs are much
less numerous and paler than in >S. rugosum.

Specimens examined:
North Carolina: Salem, Schweinitz, type (in Schweinitz Herb.,

Fries Herb., and Curtis Herb.).
Alabama: Auburn, on Carpinus, F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker (in
Burt Herb, and Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 5061).

38. S. gausapatum Fries, Hym. Eur. 638. 1874; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 560. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 180.
1890. Plate 4, fig. 36.

Thelephora gausapata Fries, Elenchus Fung, i: 171. 1828;
Epicr. 538. 1838. — T. spadicea Fries, Elenchus Fung, i: 176.
1828 (not T. spadicea Persoon, Syn. Fung. 568. 1801. See
Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3: 106. 1897). —
Stereum spadiceum Fries, Epicr. 549. 1838; Hym. Eur. 640.
1874; Berkeley, Outlines Brit. Fung. 270. 1860; also of more
recent English authors. — *S. spadiceum var. plicatum Peck, N. Y.
State Mus. Rept. 50 : 132. 1897. — *S. cristulatum Quelet, Champ.
Juraet Vosges 3: 15. pi. l.f. 15. 1875. — S. occidentale Lloyd,
Myc. Writ. 5. Letter 69:12. 1919.

Type: specimen from Fries in Kew Herb.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 137

Fructifications coriaceous, effuso-reflexed or somewhat dimid-
iate, usually cespitose-imbricated, confluent, varying from vil-
lose to hirsute, buckthorn-brown, more
or less radially plicate ; hymenium bleed-
ing when fresh if cut or bruised, drying
snuff-brown and more or less darker dis-
colored; in structure 600-700 m thick ^~
exclusive of the hairy covering, com- Fig. 18. S. gausapatum.

if.j 1 11 -j-j-n Section of hymenial region

posed of densely and longitudinally ar- ^ gg^ ^^^^.^^ distribution

ranged hyphae, with flexuous, colored of conducting organs.

conducting organs 75-120X5 /x, very

numerous in the hymenium; no cystidia; spores hyaline, even,

5-8X2i-3|/x.

Singly or covering areas up to 10 cm. and more in diameter;
reflexed portion about 1 cm. broad, 1-2| cm. long or more, or
with small pilei or lobes 1-1| cm. in diameter.

On stumps of Quercus usually. Canada to Alabama and
westward to Washington and California. August to March.
Common.

S. gausapatum is usually recognizable at sight by its clustered
fructifications tobacco-colored above and clothed with a heavy
villose or strigose coat, by the rather dark hymenium which
bleeds when cut and becomes somewhat darker discolored in
drying, and by the occurrence on oak. Sectional preparations
show very numerous, colored conducting organs in the hyme-
nium. S. australe of the Gulf states bleeds and has colored
conducting organs, although fewer, but its fructifications do not
form dense clusters and are not radially plicate. S. sanguino-
lentum has the same geographical distribution as S. gausapatum
and bleeds when fresh and has colored conducting organs,
but has small fructifications occurring on conifers only. The
hairy covering of the pileus is greedily devoured by herbarium
insects, leaving the pilei bare of their normal covering if speci-
mens are not protected against their depredations, but, except
for insect depredation, this covering is a persistent character.

Fries described the effuso-reflexed stage of S. gausapatum
under the name T. spadicea, confusing this stage with the more
southern and specifically different Thelephora spadicea of Per-
soon, which does not occur in America. It seems preferable

[Vol. 7
138 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

to use the name S. gausapatum for our species, although unfor-
tunately the other name is in general use in England, and leave
the name S. spadiceum available for use in its original sense as
continental mycologists do. It is surprising that specimens of
S. gausapatum do not occur in Herb. Schweinitz under some
name or other.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2883, 4292; Berkeley,

Brit. Fungi, 144; Cooke, Fungi Brit., 107; Ellis, N. Am.

Fungi, 325; Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 3413, under name

Stereum hirsutum; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 218; Ravenel,

Fungi Car. 2: 32; Fungi Am., 447; Romell, Fungi Scand.

Exs., 28, 122.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, Ij-S, 1^6, 238, and in Romell,

Fungi Scand. Exs., 28, 122.
England: M. J. Berkeley, in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 144; Epping,

M. C. Cooke, in Cooke, Fungi Brit., 107.
Holland: Amsterdam, C. A. J. A. Oudemans, in Oudemans,

Fungi Neerland., 239 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb.).
France: authentic specimen of Stereum cristulatum from Quelet

(in Herb. Fries); wall of German trench, Lieut. G. W.

Martin, comm. by P. J. Anderson, 3 (in Mo. Bot. Card.

Herb., 55848); St. Sernin, Aveyron, A. Galzin, 1265, comm.

by H. Bourdot, 16234; Corrombles, F. Fautrey, from Lloyd

Herb., 3312.
Italy: Trentino, G. Bresadola.
Canada: Carleton Place, /. Macoun, 1^19.
Ontario: Lake Joseph, T. Langton, Univ. Toronto Herb., 590

(in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 44846); London, J. Dearness;

Swansea, J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 375 (in Mo.

Bot. Card. Herb., 44931); Toronto, J. H. Fault, G. H.

Graham, T. Langton, R. P. Wodehouse, Univ. Toronto

Herb., 372, 376, 676, 679, 591, 597, 368 (in Mo. Bot. Card.

Herb., 44946, 44932, 44923, 44935, 44849, 44840, 44855,

respectively) .
Vermont: Lake Dunmore, E. A. Burt, three collections; Mid-

dlebury, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: Mt. Auburn, E. A. Burt; Stoneham, C. L.

Shear, 1233; Wayland, A. B. Seymour, T36 (in Mo. Bot.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 139

Gard. Herb., 13939); Waverly, G. R. Lyman, 121; Weston,

A. B. Seymour, TIO (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 19621).
Connecticut: West Hartford, C. C. Hanmer, 2670 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 42605).
New York: Sartwell (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5046, 5102);

Cold Spring Harbor, H. J. Banker (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54434); Green Lake, P. Wilson, 52 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54745); Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 223 0. S.,

2140, 7986, 7986b, H. H., 5088, C. J. Humphrey, F. A.

Wolf, 22943; N. Greenbush, C. H. Peck, in Ellis, N. Am.

Fungi, 325; Poughkeepsie, W. R. Gerard, 271 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.); Shakers, S. H. Burnham, 16 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44010); St. Regis Falls, L. A. Zimm, 94

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21941); Williamsbridge, P.

Wilson, 2 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54746); White Plains,

L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56700).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi CoL, 218.
Pennsylvania: Kittanning, D. R. Sumstine, 5, 6, 8; Spruce

Creek, J. H. Faull, Univ. Toronto Herb., 371, 672 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44925, 44938) ; Trexlertown, C. G. Lloyd,

0054.
Delaware: Newark, H. S. Jackson.

Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1018, 1201, 1270, 1273.
Virginia: Clarendon, W. H. Long, 12617 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55103); Park Lane, W. H. Long, 12860 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55109).
North Carolina: Biltmore, C Harrison, comm. by P. L. Ricker,

E. Bartholomew, 5663 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44262);

Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4318, 4328; Chapel Hill,

W. C. Coker, 334, 3821 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56670,

56671).
South Carolina: Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am.,

447; Black Oak, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car.

2: 32.
Georgia: Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour, comm. by W. G. Far-
low, C. C. (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44604).
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56287, 56703), and C. F. Baker,

[Vol. 7
140 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

50 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56702) ; Montgomery Co., R. P. Burke, 21^, 38 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 17651, 4925).
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 165.
Michigan: Beal, 57, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb, (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55810); Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman,

37 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 18995); Glen Lake, C. G.

Lloyd, 02551.
Ohio: Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 02820; College Hill, W. Holden,

comm. by Lloyd Herb.
Indiana: Millers, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 678.
Ilhnois: River Forest, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 708; Riverside,

E.T.& S. A. Harper, 686.
West Virginia: Nuttallburg, L. W. Nuttall, in Ell. & Ev., N.

Am. Fungi, 3413.
Kentucky: S. A. Price (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5136).
Wisconsin: Madison, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 91^2, Miss A. D.

Stucki, 32, and W. Trelease, 8It. (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5101).
Iowa: Webster Co., 0. M. Oleson, 2, 3, 5.
Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 358, 392, 573; St. Louis,

C. R. Ball & H. H. Hume, and E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5023, 21989).
Arkansas : Fayetteville, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi

Col., 2883; Womble, W. H. Long, 19849 in part (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 20271).
Texas: Joaquin, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col.,

4292.
Nebraska: Lincoln, C. L. Shear, 1017; Roco, C. L. Shear, 1012.
Kansas: Bourbon Co., A. G. Garrett, 86, 129.
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, /. R. Weir, 502

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21630).
Washington: Seattle, S. M. Zeller, 109 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44142); T. C. Frye, 2007 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.);

Whidley Is., N. L. Gardner, Univ. Calif. Herb., 1033 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44151).
Oregon: Corvallis, C. E. Owens, 2085 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44247), W. A. Murrill, 903, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55720); Portland, /. R.

Weir, 396 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14094).

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 141

California: 7. M. Johnston, comm. by C. G. Lloyd, part of type

of Stereum occidentale (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56762);

Alameda Co., L. S. Smith, Univ. Calif. Herb., 403 (in Mo.

Bot. Card. Herb., 44150) ; Preston's Ravine, Palo Alto, W.

A. Murrill & L. S. Ahrams, 1190, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55711); Redwood

Park, W. H. Long, 12604 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55100);

Santa Barbara, 0. M. Oleson, 7, 15.
Arizona: C. G. Pringle, comm. by W. G. Farlow.
Mexico: San, Luis Potosi, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.

39. S. australe Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Letter 48: 10. 1913;
and ibid. Letter 60: 15. 1916. Plate 4, fig. 37.

An Thelephora mytilina Fries, Elenchus Fung, i : 175. 1828?

Type: in Lloyd Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructification coriaceous, attached by the resupinate side and
umbo, broadly reflexed, sometimes laterally confluent, densely
tomentose, becoming concentrically furrowed and very rarely
glabrous and showing the shining chestnut surface of the pileus
in one or more of the furrows, the margin entire, sometimes
becoming blackish; hymenium even, glabrous, drab-gray to avel-
laneous, becoming red-discolored where cut or bruised, and
sometimes bleeding; in structure 900 /x thick, composed of dense-
ly, longitudinally arranged hyphae, among which are a few col-
ored conducting organs 3|-4| fj. in diameter which curve into the
hymenium between the basidia; no cystidia nor gloeocystidia
present; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side, 4-4^ X 2^-3 /x,
few found.

Fructifications with resupinate portion 1-3 cm. broad, reflexed
portion 1-4 cm. broad, 1-5 cm. long and sometimes more by
lateral confluence.

On hardwood logs. Florida and Mississippi to Brazil. Au-
gust to December in the north and in July in Brazil. Appar-
ently rare.

Stereum australe combines the characters of S. fasciatum and
S. gausapatum. Its general aspect resembles that of specimens
of *S. fasciatum in a middle period of development when they are
effuso-reflexed and have the umbo developed, but the specimens
of S. australe have a broader resupinate portion than those of S.

[Vol. 7
142 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

fasciatum and are not wedge-shaped and attached merely by
the umbo in any specimens which I have seen; the bleeding or
red-discoloration of the hymenium when cut or bruised and the
presence of colored conducting organs are additional characters
which separate S. australe from *S. fasciatum. S. australe may
be distinguished from S. gausapatum by not having its reflexed
portion crisped nor consisting of small pilei which stand out near
together and in imbricate arrangement from a common resupi-
nate portion.

In case of the collection from Mississippi, it was noted that the
substratum was badly sap-rotted.

If original specimens of Thelephora mytilina, collected by Lund
in Brazil, are still in existence, I believe that they will be found
cospecific with S. australe. The geographical range of ;S. australe
and the description of T. mytilina favor this belief. Fries's de-
scription was probably based on dried specimens, and it does not
mention bleeding of the hymenium nor such a microscopical
character as colored conducting organs, for such a microscopic
detail was not noted in those days, but the blackening of the
edge of the pileus which was observed by Fries is an indication
of a bleeding hymenium and colored conducting organs.

Specimens examined:
Florida: type comm. by C. G. Lloyd (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56608); Kissimme, C. J. Humphrey, 3532 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 3370).
Mississippi: Laurel, C. /. Humphrey, 51^31^..
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 189, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54446).
Canal Zone: Gatun, M. A. H. (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56707).
Grenada: W. E. Broadway (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56625, 56626).
Venezuela: Caracas, Mr. & Mrs. J. N. Rose, 22038 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56657).
Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, /. N. Rose & P. G. Russell, 21480 (in

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56627).

40. S. rugosum Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. i: 110.
1794; Fries, Epicr. 552. 1838; Myc. Eur. 643. 1874; Berk-

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 143

eley, Brit. Fungi, 271. 1860; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 572. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 191. 1890.

Plate 4, figs. 38, 39.

Thelephora rugosa Persoon, Syn. Fung. 569. 1801; Myc.
Eur. i: 127. 1822; Albertini & Schweinitz, Consp. Fung. 274.
1805; Fries, Syst. Myc. i: 439. 1821; Elenchus Fung, i: 177.
1828.

Illustrations: Istvanffi, Jahrbuch. f. wiss. Bot. 29: pi. 4-
f. 11; pi 5.f. 19.

Fructificatipns coriaceous-corky, usually resupinate and
effused, with a narrow, free, marginal portion, or sometimes
reflexed, silky at first and pinkish buff, at
length concentrically furrowed, radially 't'v'\i<(v\'<'\''W.

pitted and weathering gray, the margin ''•••'f^^^

thick, entire; hymenium dull, pruinose, ^Sfev^\|!4

drying pinkish buff to drab-gray, when ^^i^^'^S^^I*^

fresh bleeding where wounded; in struc- |^^^^^^ •^

ture 500-1800 ^l thick, with the interme- ^^^^^^^^-^^ f
diate layer bordered on the upper side by
a dense golden zone and on the lower side ^ ^l^- ^^- ,f • ™f '"'"•

° • 1 1 Section X 19; mterme-

by a two- to many-zoned hymenial layer ^:^^^^ i^y^j.^ ^^ ^^^^^
120-1200 M thick, hyphae of intermediate golden zone, z; the scat-
layer 2i-3 IX in diameter; dark-colored tered darker Unes in

, , . n ^ hymenial zones show

conducting organs very numerous, 3-6 m distribution of conduct-
in diameter; no cystidia; spores hyaline, ing organs.
even, flattened on one side, 7-10X3-4 ix.

Resupinate on areas 2-6 cm. in diameter; free or reflexed
margin 2-12 mm. broad.

On stumps of Alnus, Corylus, Quercus, Betula, and other fron-
dose species. Newfoundland, Ontario, New York, and moun-
tains of North Carolina. July to October. Rare in North
America, common in Europe.

Although usually resupinate and likely to be regarded as a
Corticium by collectors, nevertheless sectional preparations
show the highly developed characteristic structure of a Stereum,
with intermediate layer of longitudinally arranged hyphae,
golden crust, etc. The bleeding of the hymenium and the abun-
dant colored conducting organs locate the species among the
Stereums in the group with S. gausapatum, S. australe, and S.

rvoL. 7

144 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

sanguinolentum, from each of which S. rugosum is sharply distinct
by its two- to several-zoned hymenium — a character by which
the species is also separable in dried herbarium condition from
S. styracifluum when no observations have been recorded as to
the color of the milk of specimens in fresh condition.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 145; Krieger, Fungi Sax., 1853,

1853b; Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc, 503; Romell, Fungi

Scand. Exs., 30; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 1009. — All speci-
mens distributed as S. rugosum in American exsiccati were

misdetermined.
England: M. J. Berkeley, in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 145; Epping

Forest, E. A. Burt; Kew Garden, G. Massee.
Sweden: L. Romell, 40-4^; Femsjo, E. A. Burt; Stockholm,

L. Romell, in Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs., 30; Upsala,

E. P. Fries (in Curtis Herb.).
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ.,

1007.
Germany: Dresden, in Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc, 503; Saxony,

Uttewalder Grunde, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax.,

1853, 1853b.
Hungary: Tatra Magna, Locse, V. Greschik, comm. by G.

Bresadola.
Italy: Trentino, G. Bresadola, two collections.
France: Allier, St. Priest, H. Bourdot, 15023.
Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 160 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 5096); Trinity Bay, A. C. Waghorne,

1 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5098).
Quebec: Gaspe, /. Macoun, and 254 (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56094).
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 38.
New York: Fall Creek, G. F. Atkinson, 949.
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4189.

41. S. sanguinolentum Albertini & Schweinitz, Consp. Fung
274. 1805 (under B. Sterea of Thelephora) ; Schweinitz, Natur-
forsch. Ges. Leipzig Schrift. i: 106. 1822; Fries, Epicr. 549.
1838; Hym. Eur. 640. 1874; Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 271. 1860;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 564. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 189. 1890. Plate 5, fig. 40.

1920]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

145

Thelephora sanguinolenta Alb. & Schw. in Fries, Syst. Myc.
i: 440. 1821; Elenchus Fung, i: 178. lS28.—Stereum bal-
sameum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 27: 99. 1875; ibid.
30: 75. 1879; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 584. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 196. 1890. — S. halsameum form reflexum
Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 47: 152. 1894. — S. rigens Kars-
ten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 37: 243. 1882;
ibid. 48: 396. 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 121. 1895.

Illustrations: Gillet, Hymenomycetes ; Greville, Crypt. Fl. 4:
pi. 225; Istvanffi, Jahrbiich. f. wiss. Bot. 29: pi. 4- /• 7-10;
Klotzsch in Dietrich, Fl. Reg. Borussici, pi. 381; Nees, Syst.
2nd ed. pi. 28. f. 1-3; Patouillard, Tab. Anal./. 28.

Fructifications coriaceous, thin, effused, and reflexed, with
upper surface villose to silky and the hairs appressed and some-
what radiately arranged, dry-
ing pinkish buff to pale olive-
buff, the margin thin; hy-
menium glabrous, bleeding
where wounded, contracting
in drying and cracking to the
substratum in the resupinate
portion, drying avellaneous
to wood-brown; in structure
400-600 M thick, with inter-
mediate layer bordered on

the upper side by a narrow, dense golden zone, and composed
of densely arranged hyaline hyphae 3 ^ in diameter and of
colored conducting organs 3-4 /x in diameter which curve into the
hymenium and are usually numerous there; no cystidia; spores
white in spore collection, even, shghtly curved, 6-7X2^ /x.

Resupinate portions 1-5 cm. in diameter, reflexed margins
2-10 mm. broad.

On stumps and logs of Pinvs, Abies, and Tsvga. Ontario to
Pennsylvania and westward to British Columbia and Cahfornia.
July to March. Frequent.

S. sanguinolentnm is commonly resupinate or barely reflexed,
so that it is best recognized by its occurrence on conifers and
bleeding of the hymenium where wounded, or becoming merely
red-discolored along the edges of the wound if the wound is

Fig. 20. S. sanguinolentum. Section
of hymenial region X 68, showing distribu-
tion of conducting organs; spores, s, X 488.

[Vol 7

146 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

made during dry weather. The somewhat drab color the hy-
menium assumes in drying and its deep cracks are highly char-
acteristic of dried specimens. Colored conducting organs are
abundant in the hymenium and subhymenium and should
be demonstrated if other characters leave the determination
doubtful.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Krieger, Fungi Sax., 160; Romell, Fungi Scand.

Exs., 29; de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 2010, and 2111, under

the name Stereum rigens.
Sweden: L. Romell, 1^3, 1^1^.; Lapland, L. Romell, JjOl bis; Stock-
holm, L. Romell, in Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs., 29; Upsala,

E. A. Burt.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, in de Thumen, Myc. Univ.

2010,2111.
France: AUier, H. Bourdot, 5586, 7591.
Italy: G. Bresadola; Florence, G. Arcangeli (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44565).
Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 337, 350, the

latter determined by Peck as S. halsameum (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5099, 5056).
Canada: comm. by J. B. Ellis, 5070 (in Kew Herb., under the

name Stereum triste as determined by Cooke) .
Quebec: Montreal, R. J. Blair, comm. by L. 0. Overholts,

3787, 4107 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55097, 55638).
Ontario: Bond Lake, J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 320

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44875); Casselman, /. Macoun,

359; Lake Nipegon, /. Macoun, 103; Ottawa, /. Macoun,

11; Toronto, R. P. Wodehouse, Univ. Toronto Herb., 369

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44850) ; York Mills, J. H. Fault,

Univ. Toronto Herb., 318 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44877).
Maine: Piscataquis Co., W. A. Murrill, 2029 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56705); Portage,

L. W. Riddle, 18.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 4 1 Tuckerman's

Ravine, Mt. Washington, L. 0. Overholts, 4949 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56343).
Vermont: Little Notch, Middlebury, and Ripton, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: R. J. Blair, 327, comm. by L. 0. Overholts,

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 147

4118 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55641), and D. W. Weis,
comm. by C. G. Lloyd, 129 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56708).

New York: Adirondack Mts., C. H. Peck, type of Stereum hal-
sameum (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.) ; Alcove, C. L. Shear,
1136; Cayuga Lake Basin, G. F. Atkinson, f, 3028, 8271, and
H. Hasselbring, 3408; Glasco, P. Wilson, 38 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54743); Ithaca, C. J. Humphrey, 305.

Pennsylvania: Shingleton Gap, A. S. Rhoads, 9 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44086).

North Carolina: Salem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Schweinitz).

Michigan: Gogebic Co., E. A. Bessey, 224 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56563).

Montana: Anaconda, J. R. Weir, 11973 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56727); Elkhorn, J. R. Weir, 9749 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 56224); Evaro, J. R. Weir, 413 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 14773).

Colorado: Ouray, C. L. Shear, 1186.

New Mexico: Sandia Mts., W. H. Long, 21576, 21597 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55154, 55116); Tyom Experiment Sta-
tion, W. H. Long, 21551^ (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55115).

Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 47, 347 (the latter in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 9989); Sandpoint, E. E. Hubert, comm. by
J. R. Weir, 11612 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56726).

British Columbia: Agassiz, /. R. Weir, 387 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 20887); Hastings, J. Macoun, 27; Kootenai Mts.,
near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 507 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
22700); Sidney, J. Macoun, 411 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55311).

Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 871; Falcon Valley,
W. N. Suksdorf, 723; Hoquiom, C. J. Humphrey, 6383;
Olympia, C. J. Humphrey, 6306; Renton, C. J. Humphrey,
6439.

California: Muir Woods, W. A. Murrill, 1153 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55705); Olema,
M. A. H. (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56590); Sutro Woods, R. A. Harper (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56704).

Arizona: Coronada Nat. Forest, Santa Catalina Mts., G. G.

148

[Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Hedgcock & W. H. Long, comm. by C. G. Humphrey, 2561
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9438).

1903. Not

1874, nor Corticium

42. S. sulphuratum Berkeley & Ravenel, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 331. 1868; Grevillea i: 163. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:
566. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 192. 1890.

Plate 5, fig. 41.
Stereum ochroleucum Bresadola, Ann. Myc. i : 91
Stereum ochroleucum Fries, Hym. Eur. 639,
ochroleucum Fries, Epicr. 557. 1838.
Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, stiff, effuso-reflexed, finally umbo-
nate along the line of attachment to the substratum, and lobed,

upper surface tomentose-hirsute, con-
centrically furrowed, "sulphur colored"
when fresh, becoming cartridge-buff to
gray in the herbarium, the surface not
hardened and crust-like under the hairy
covering; hymenium even, glabrous,
becoming pinkish buff to dirty tilleul-
buff in the herbarium; in structure 200-
400 fi thick under the hairy covering,
with the intermediate layer not differ-
entiated on its upper side into a dense
golden zone but hyaline throughout
and with the longitudinally arranged
hyphae 3-3| m in diameter, curving outward on the upper side to
form the hirsute covering and curving downward on the under
side to form the hymenium; no colored conducting organs,
gloeocystidia, nor cystidia; spores hyaline, even, 6-8 X 2-3 /x.

Fructifications with resupinate portion ^-2 cm. broad, 10 cm.
and more long on under side of limbs; reflexed lobes ^-1| cm.
broad, ^-2^ cm. long.

On dead limbs of Betula and other frondose species. Georgia
to Mexico, West Indies, Venezuela, and Brazil. September to
January. Not common.

In growing condition, the sulphur color attributed to speci-
mens of S. sulphuratum and the heavy, hirsute covering of the
pilei, taken in connection with geographic range wholly south

Fig. 21. S. sulphuratum.
Section of type X 68. The
outer border of intermediate
layer not a colored, crust-like
zone.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 149

of that of S. hirsutum, should render specimens of the former
species easily distinguishable. All gatherings of S. sulphuratum
which I have seen had already faded to the gray color of old,
weathered S. hirsutum and in this condition are best distin-
guished by not having underneath the hairy covering a thin
hardened crust as the upper surface of the intermediate layer,
nor a dense, somewhat golden zone on the upper border of the
intermediate layer when sectional preparations are examined
with the microscope.

S. sulphuratum occurs also in Westphalia, Germany, appar-
ently an isolated station, and has been confused there with
Stereum ochroleucum Fries, a species of thicker and softer struc-
ture having hyphae interwoven instead of densely and longitudi-
nally arranged — for which reason Fries was doubtful about its
being a true Stereum and published the species originally as a
Corticium. Collections from Sweden and France communicated
to me as cospecific with the Westphalian gatherings have the
upper surface of the intermediate layers with a crust-like golden
zone and are referable to S. hirsutum instead.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Brinkmann, Westfalische Pilze, 49, under name of

Stereum ochroleucum ; Rick, Fungi Austro-Am., 260, under

name of Stereum ochroleucum.
Germany: Westphalia, Lengerich, W. Brinkmann, comm. by

G. Bresadola, and in Brinkmann, Westfalische Pilze, 49.
Georgia: Catoosa Springs, H. W. Ravenel (in Kew Herb, and in

Curtis Herb., 1731).
Florida: C.G.Lloyd, 2131.
Alabama: Auburn, Ala. Biol. Surv., comm. by F. S. Earle;

Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

22017).
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 316, 343, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54438,

55477).
Cuba: C. Wright, 292, type (in Kew Herb.).
Jamaica: Farr (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56667); Cinchona, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 480,

646, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Morce's Gap,

W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 723, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

[Vol. 7

150

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Herb.; Monkey Hill, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 784, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb.; Sir John Peak, L. M. Under-
wood, 3182 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56668).

Venezuela: Fendler, 169 (in Curtis Herb.).

Brazil: Sao Leopoldo, Rick, in Rick, Fungi Austro-Am., 260.

43. S. hirsutum Willdenow ex Fries, Epicr. 549. 1838; Hym.

Eur. 639. 1874; Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. i: 110.

1794; Obs. Myc. 2:90. 1799; Berkeley, Outlines Brit. Fung.

270. pL 17. J. 7. 1860; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 563. 1888.

Plate 5, fig. 42.
Thelephora hirsuta Willdenow, Fl. Berol. Prod. 397. 1787;

Fries, Syst. Myc. i: 439. 1821; Persoon, Syn. Fung. 570.

1801; Myc. Eur. i: 116. 1822. — Auricularia reflexa Bulliard,

Herb, de la France i : 281. pi. 274. 1785. — Thelephora ochracea

Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig Schrift. i: 106. 1822,

but not of Fries. — T. suhzonata Fries, Elenchus Fung, i: 181.

1828; Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 167. 1832.—

Corticium suhzonatum Fries, Epicr. 557. 1838; Sacc. Syll. Fung.

6: 608. 1888. — Stereum variicolor Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Letter

53:10. 1914.

Illustrations: Berkeley, Outl. Brit. Fung. pi. 17. f. 7; Bolton,

Hist. Fung. pi. 82; Bulliard, Herb, de la France, pi. 274; Hussey,

111. Brit. Myc. i : pi. 58; Sowerby,
Col. Figs. Brit. Fung. pi. 27;
Stevenson, Brit. Fungi 2: 267.
text f. 86. See Sacc. Syll. Fung.
20: 890, for reference to other
illustrations.

Fructifications coriaceous, stiff,
effuso-reflexed, rarely wholly re-
supinate, strigose-hirsute, some-
what concentrically furrowed, not
complicate, cream-buff at first,
Fig. 22. S. hirsutum. Section X becoming grayish when old and

68; intermediate layer, i; golden, weathered, with a thin, hardened,

crust-like zone. .; hymenium contain- ^^^^_^-^^ g^^.^^.^ bearing the
ing very few conducting organs, h; . *= .

spores, s, X 488. hairy covering, the margin entire;

1920 :

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 151

hymenium even, warm buff at first, sometimes becoming pale
smoke-gray, unchanged when cut or bruised; in structure
500-700 At thick under the hairy covering, with the inter-
mediate layer bordered next to the hairy covering by a very
dense, narrow, golden zone, the rest of the intermediate layer
composed of densely and longitudinally arranged hyaline hyphae
3-4 AJ in diameter, some of which in the subhymenium are thick-
walled, up to 5-6 fjL in diameter, and very rarely have golden-
brown contents as seen between the basidia; no colored con-
ducting organs, cystidia, nor gloeocystidia; spores white in spore
collection, even, flattened on one side, 5-7| X 2-2f fx.

Refiexed portion varying from barely reflexed up to 2 cm.
broad, 1-2 cm. long; fructifications merely gregarious or con-
fluent, and imbricated.

On logs and stumps of birch, beech, and other frondose
species. Newfoundland to South Carolina and westward to
British Columbia and California, and in Mexico. July to
November in the east and to February in the Pacific states.
Common.

Stereum hirsutum is characterized by its strigose-hirsute,
buff-colored pileus, weathering more or less gray, and by its
warm buff hymenium, sometimes smoke-gray, which does not
exude a red juice when wounded; as in *S. rameale, S. versicolor,
S. fasciatum, S. lobatum, S. australe, and S. gausapatum, the
upper surface of the intermediate layer is differentiated into a
thin, golden, somewhat horny crust from which the hairy cover-
ing springs. This golden zone shows well under the microscope,
and its presence is a decisive character for separating S. hir-
sutum from the southern S. sulphur alum, a species of somewhat
similar aspect.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 146; Cavara, Fungi Longo-
bardiae, 61; Cooke, Fungi Brit., 108; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,
1204; Krieger, Fungi Sax., 118; Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc,
211; Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs., 26.
Sweden: Femsjo, L. Romell, two collections, and E. A. Burt;
Mauritzberg, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 4078 (in N. Y. Bot.
Card. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 56671); Stock-
holm, L. Romell, 30, 401, and in Romell, Fungi Scand.
Exs., 26.

(Voi,. 7
152 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

England: M. J. Berkeley, in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 146; Epping,

M. C. Cooke, in Cooke, Fungi Brit., 108; Kew Gardens,

G. Massee; Selby, E. A. Burt.
France: Fautrey, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 3326; Aveyron, A.

Galzin, 8459, comm. by H. Bourdot, 7813; St. Priest,

Allier, H. Bourdot, 19770.
Germany: Nossen, Saxony, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax.,

118.
Italy: A. Carestia, 784, 1215, comm. by G. Bresadola; Pavia,

F. Cavara, in Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 61.
Newfoundland: A. C. Waghorne, 118 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5082).
Canada: J. Macoun, 69.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 16, 466a; Port Credit, J. H. Fault,

Univ. Toronto Herb., 353 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44858) ;

Toronto, G. H. Graham, Univ. Toronto Herb., 678 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44919).
Maine: Milo, W. A. Murrill, 2024 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56682).
New Hampshire: North Conway, L. 0. Overholts, 5009 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56346).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt; Ripton, E. A. Burt; Smug-
glers Notch, E. A. Burt, two gatherings.
Massachusetts: Boston, L. C. Monahan (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 15309); Cambridge, E. A. Burt; Mt. Auburn,

E. A. Burt; Nahant, A. B. Seymour, T 31 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 12954); Waverly, A. B. Seymour, T 25, T 26

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16364, 18372); Waltham, A. B.

Seymour, T 16 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17912).
Connecticut: Broad Brook, C. C. Hanmer, 2682 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 42606); Mansfield, P. W. Graff, 13 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44817); Storrs, P. W. Graff, 29 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44804).
New York: G. F. Atkinson, 8026, and W. H. Wright, comm.

by G. F. Atkinson, 7990; Alcove, C. L. Shear, 995; Fall

Creek, W. H. Wright, 7992; Floodwood, E. A. Burt.
Pennsylvania: Spruce Creek, J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb.,

337 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44883); West Chester,

Everhart & Haines, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 1204.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA, XII 153

North Carolina: Schweinitz, types of T. ochracea and T. suh-
zonata (in Herb. Schweinitz) ; Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson,
4308.

South Carolina: Clemson College, P. H. Rolfs.

Michigan: Cadillac, H. D. House, 1225 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56673); Isle Royale,
Miss A. D. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb., 23; Vermilion, A. H.
W. Povah, 199 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 15145).

Indiana: Crawfordsville, D. Reddick, 5, 7, and another specimen,
comm. by H. H. Whetzel.

West Virginia: Paw Paw, C. L. Shear, 1173.

Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kauffman, 62 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 3972).

Wisconsin: Blue Mounds, Miss A. D. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb.,
8, 9; Madison, Miss A. D. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb., 34,
and W. Trelease, 5, 26 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56683,
56684); Palmyra, Miss A. D. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb., 33.

Minnesota: Lake Itaska, comm. by E. L. Jensen, 9 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 11088).

Missouri: B. M. Duggar, 95; Meramec, P. Spaulding (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 5025).

Arkansas: Womble, W. H. Long, 198U, 19883 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 8963, 14651).

Nebraska: Lincoln, C. L. Shear, 1023.

Montana: Evaro, /. R. Weir, 431 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
22515); Mystic Lake, C. L. Shear, 1102.

Colorado: Steamboat Springs, E. Bartholomew, 5578 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 9185, 44584); Tolland, F. J. Seaver &
E. Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56674).

New Mexico: Albuquerque, W. H. Long, 21153 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55112); Cloudcroft, F. S. Earle, 495, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and W. H. Long, 19542 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55111); Tejano Exp. Station, W.
H. Long, 21875, 21894, ^1907 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55161-55163); Tyom Exp. Station, W. H. Long, 21365,
21366, 21426 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55113, 55114,
55160); Ute Park, P. C. Standley, 14197, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44953) ; Weeds,

[Vol. 7
154 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

L. Wymans, comm. by W. H. Long, 12969 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55110).

Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 19,31, 48.

British Columbia: New Westminster, A. I. Hill (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56675); Oak Bay,
J. Macoun, 579a (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55310); Sidney,
/. Macoun, 46, 47, 49, 52, 52 bis, 53, 54, 84 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 5736, 6674, 6694, 6682, 55361, 6698, 6697,
6704 respectively).

Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 692, 693, 709, 874, 891,
893, 916, 953; Kalama, C. J. Humphrey, 61 40; Chehalis,
C. J. Humphrey, 6254 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16677);
Olympia, C. J. Humphrey, 6310; Seattle, S. M. Zeller, 119
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44139); Tacoma, W. A. Murrill,
127, 142, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55744, 55730).

Oregon: Corvallis, C. E. Owens, 2036, 2054, 2057, 2084, 2135,
2136, 2139, 2142, 2143 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43872,
43878, 43877, 44249, 44695, 44694, 44693, 44699, 44702
respectively), and >S. M. Zeller, 181 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56332); Eugene, C. J. Humphrey, 6050, 6063, 6076
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17175); Mt. Hood, G. G. Hedg-
cock, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2569 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 16418); Granite Pass, J. R. Weir, 8680, 8681 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 36752, 36753).

California: R. A. Harper, 8, 109, 141,143 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56678-56681), and Miss
E. Hyatt, comm. by C. L. Shear, 1089; Berkeley, C. J.
Humphrey, 5970, 5982, H. A. Lee, Univ. Calif. Herb., 1015,
1016, 1019, 1021, 1022 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44154-
44156, 44152, 44157 respectively), W. A. Setchell, Univ.
Calif. Herb., 1023, 1024 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44153,
44245), and G. Courvoisier, Univ. Calif. Herb., 1025 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 44149) ; Claremont, D. L. Crawford, D 12,
comm. by L. 0. Overholts, 3280 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
10479); Coast Range, C. F. Baker, 82, 101, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.; Fair Oaks, R. A. Harper (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56676); JuUan,
E. Bethel, 28272 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55439); North-

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA, XII 155

brae, L. S. Smith, Univ. Calif. Herb., 416 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44148); Muir Woods, W. A. Murrill, 1133 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55713); Pine-
hurst, E. Bethel, 26269, 2627 J^ (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55438, 55440); Preston's Ravine, W. A. Murrill & L. S.
Ahravis, 1171, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55707); San Francisco, W. A. Setchell &
C. C. Dolier, W. A. Murrill, 1111, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55702); Santa
Barbara, 0. M. Oleson, 6, 9, 16; Santa Cruz, G. J. Streater
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56677); Sutro Forest, A. S. Rhoads, 1 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56045).
Mexico: Coyoacan, Roldan, comm. by J. R. Weir, 14937, 14999
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56795, 56796).

44. S. fasciatum Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig
Schrift. i: 106. 1832 (under B. Sterea of Thelephora); Fries,
Epicr. 546. 1838 Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 560. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 180. 1890.

Plate 5, figs. 43-45.

Thelephora versicolor ^ fasciata (Schw.) Fries, Elenchus Fung.
i: 175. 1828; Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 167.
1832. — T. ostrea Blume & Nees, Acad. Leop.-Carol. Nov. Acta
13': 13. pi 2. 1826.— Stereum ostrea (Bl. & Nees) Fries,
Epicr. 547. 1838; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:571. 1888; Bresa-
dola, Hedwigia 51: 321. 1912. — Thelephora (Stereum) mollis
Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5: 147. ISAQ.—Stereum
molle Leveille in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 577. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 175. 1890. — S.
arcticum Fries, Hym. Eur. 639. 1874.

Type: in Herb. Schweinitz and in Curtis
Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, rigid, in the
north at first broadly efTuso-refiexed with
the resupinate portion narrow, soon umbo-
nate sessile — perhaps so from the first Fig. 23. S. fasciatum.

,1 , . r, 1 , 11 n 1. Section of re flexed stage,

m the tropics— often laterally confluent, natural size; spores, .i
sometimes pseudo-stipitate by prolongation x 665.

[Vol. 7
156 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

of the umbo, at first densely tomentose and drying warm bufT to
tawny olive, at length weathering to pale smoke-gray to neutral
gray and sometimes with the tomentum torn apart in narrow
zones and showing the hazel or chestnut surface of the bared
areas, the margin normally entire; in structure 400-700 ^ thick,
with the intermediate layer composed of very densely arranged,
hyaline hyphae 4 ju in diameter and bordered on the upper side
by a broad dark zone which bears the tomentum of the upper
surface; hymenium glabrous, usually warm buff to cinnamon-
buff, sometimes assuming violaceous tints; no cystidia, gloeo-
cystidia, nor conducting organs; spores from spore collections
white, even, flattened on one side, 5|-7^X2|-3 (x.

Fructifications 2-7 cm. in diameter, often laterally confluent.

On logs and stumps of Quercus and other hardwood species.
Common throughout North America from Canada southward,
in the West Indies, and in South America; occurs also in Norway,
Sweden, Formosa, and Java, although apparently rare in the
Old World. In vegetative condition from June onward in the
north, persisting throughout the year.

Specimens of S. fasciatum may be distinguished from those of
the less common S. lobatum by the thicker tomentose covering
of the former, which may continue unbroken throughout the
year or become torn apart so as to show rather few and narrow,
bared chestnut zones; the pileus of S. fasciatum is thicker than
that of S. lohatum, and the margin has a lobate tendency but
rarely. Towards the northern part of its range where I have
observed the development of fructifications throughout the
season, the fructifications are at first effuso-reflexed with the
resupinate portion up to 1 cm. broad, the reflexed portion 1|
cm. from base to margin, and with a lateral extent along the
substratum of 2-8 cm.; umbos soon form at points 1-2 cm.
apart along line of intersection of the plane of reflexed portion
with the substratum; by further growth outward of the laterally
confluent pilei these umbos become the final points of attach-
ment of the pilei with the substratum. In Washington and
California the fructifications may continue broadly reflexed
when old and are difficult to distinguish from luxuriantly grown
S. hirsutum.

The specimens from Formosa, cited below, are in the stage in

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 157

which the fructifications are still with a resupinate portion but
with the umbos distinctly outHned, and exactly agree in all
respects, even including spore dimensions, with my Vermont
collections of the same stage. The authentic specimen of
Thelephora ostrea from Java is in the final stage with attachment
by umbo only and is clothed over its whole upper surface with a
thick coat of tomentum, and matches well most of the specimens
of the type collection of Stereum fasciatum in Herb. Schweinitz.
I infer from the lack of specimens of S. fasciatum from the East
Indies and the PhiHppines in published exsiccati, that this
species is very rare there and that what frequently has been
listed as S. ostrea is really the very common S. concolor instead.
Schweinitz's original description of S. fasciatum presents at
such length the disappearance of tomentum from the upper
surface of the pileus and the broad, glabrous, shining surface
with many vari-colored zones, that it seems probable he may
have intended the description to comprehend not only S. fascia-
tum as treated by me but also S. lohatum, which he must have
seen about him in North Carolina; nevertheless, the ample
collection of specimens in Herb. Schweinitz which were preserved
as the type of S. fasciatum contains no fructifications referable
to S. lohatum.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2590, under the name S.
versicolor, 2884, under the name S. versicolor, 2985, 3985,
4291, and 4986; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 18, under the name
S. versicolor v. fasciata, 514a, and c, both under the name
S. versicolor; Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 1714, under the
name S. purpureum; Ellis & Ev., Fungi Col., 306, under the
name S. versicolor; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 220, under the
name S. versicolor, and 721; Smith, Central Am. Fungi,
145, under the name S. versicolor; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ.,
2011, mixed with S. lobatum.
Norway: Bosekon, Finmark, M. N. Blytt, type of Stereum

arcticum (in Herb. Fries).
Sweden: on Alnus, North Sweden, comm. by L. Romell, 400.
Canada: J. Macoun, 12.

Prince Edward Island: J. Macoun, 346 (in Macoun Herb.).
Quebec : J. Macoun, 77, 239, 249, 464 (all in Macoun Herb.)

[Vol. 7
158 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Ontario: Bond Lake, /. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 319
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44874); Ottawa, J. Macoun, 50;
Port Credit, /. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 352, 354
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44857, 44856); Rondeau Park,
J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 358 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44870); Toronto, J. H. Fautt, Univ. Toronto Herb.,
356 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44868), T. Langton, Univ.
Toronto Herb., 501 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44853), G. H.
Graham, Univ. Toronto Herb., 680 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44937).

Maine: Harrison, J. Blake, comm. by P. L. Ricker; Orono,
F. L. Harvey, comm. by P. L. Ricker; Portage, L. W.
Riddle, 2, 17.

Vermont: Middlebury, E. Brainerd, E. A. Burt, nine collections;
Ripton, E. A. Burt.

Massachusetts: Amherst, P. J. Anderson, 2, 4 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55846, 55845 respectively).

Connecticut: Mansfield, P. W. Graff, SO (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44803); New Haven, W. A. Setchell; Norwich, W.
A. Setchell.

New York: Sartwell, 19 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5076);
Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1327; Canandaigua, L. M. Under-
wood, 21, distributed under the name S. versicolor (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 5117); East Galway, E. A. Burt; Flood-
wood, E. A. Burt; Freeville, G. F. Atkinson, 2821 ; Glasco,
P. Wilson, 48, 43 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54752, 54754);
Grand View, H. vonSchrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42811,
43025); Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 2819, 2820, 8027, Bot.
Dept. Cornell Univ., 133 0. S., 2871, H. S. Jackson, comm.
by Bot. Dept. Cornell Univ., 14397-14399, Van Hook,
comm. by Bot. Dept. Cornell Univ., 8084, W. C. Muenscher,
147, 205, 211 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56602-56604);
Palisades, P. Wilson, 20, 18, 12 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54755, 54756, 54759) ; Yonkers, P. Wilson, 61 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54753).

New Jersey: Alpine, P. Wilson, 17, 13,7 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 54757, 54758, and 54760 respectively); Belleplain,
C. L. Shear, 1250; Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am.
Fungi, 18, 514c, and Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 306.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 159

Pennsylvania: E. Michener, 88 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5044) ;
Germantown, E. A. Burt; Huntington Co., A. S. Rhoads, 7
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44084); Lancaster City, Mrs.
A. F. Ehy (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5083); Kittanning,
D. R. Sumstine, 4, '^, ^; Philadelphia, A. S. Rhoads, 19
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44096); in coal mine, Pottsville,
C. J. Humphrey, 310; Spruce Creek, J. H. Faull, Univ.
Toronto Herb., 357, 359, 334, 670, 355, 667 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44869, 44871, 44888, 44917, 44926, and 44934
respectively); Shingleton Gap, A. S. Rhoads, 15 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 44093); State College, C. R. Orton, 1, 18
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44079, 44095), comm. by L. 0.
Overholts, 2658, 5003 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5721,
56345), A. S. Rhoads, 16 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44094);
Trexlertown, C. G. Lloyd, 0084; in coal mine, Wadesville
Colliery, C. J. Humphrey, 21583.

Maryland: Glen Sligo, C. L. Shear, 1133.

District of Columbia: Takoma Park, P. L. Richer, 820, C. L.
Shear, 956.

Virginia: Great Falls, 0. F. Cook, comm. by P. L. Ricker; Mt.
Vernon, P. L. Ricker, 1121 in part; Mountain Lake, W. A.
Murrill, 408 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56618); Norton, A. B.Seymour (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 16405).

North Carolina: Schweinitz, type (in Herb. Schweinitz and
Curtis Herb.); Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4178, 4180,
4315; Chapel Hill, W. C. Coker, 938 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56665); Leicester, B. B. Higgins, in Bartholomew,
Fungi Col., 2985.

South Carolina: Clemson College, P. H. Rolfs, 1613, 1616, 1619,
1620, 1624, 1629, 1631, 1635.

Georgia: Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 220,
721; Dixie, R. M. Harper, 1633b, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.; Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour, comm. by
W. G. Farlow, 6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55290).

Florida: C. G. Lloyd (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44068); Cocoa-
nut Grove, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
43097); Eustis, L. M. Underwood, 1368, 1801 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56616, 56617).

[Vol. 7
160 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Alabama: Adger, C. J. Humphrey; Montgomery Co., R. P.
Burke, 34 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 4273); Maplesville,
C. S. Hill, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 251.

Mississippi: Laurel, C J. Humphrey, 5431, 5435; Ocean Springs,
F. S. Earle (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5118).

Louisiana: Baton Rouge, C W. Edgerton, 848, comm. by C. J.
Humphrey; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 2902, hf.

Ohio: Cincinnati, D. L. James, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 514c,
C. G. Lloyd, 1579, 4499, 4501, 4506; Columbus, W. A.
Kellerman, in Kellerman, Ohio Fungi, 33, under the name
S. versicolor; Granville, H. L. Jones; Linwood, C. G. Lloyd,
2436, 02821, 02830; Penfield, F. D. Kelsey (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 5075); Worthington, Dr. Paddock (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 5114, 5157).

Kentucky: Bowling Green, Miss S. F. Price (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 5038, 5112, 56604); Mammoth Cave, C. G. Lloyd.

Tennessee: Algood, C. J. Humphrey, 308.

Michigan: Isle Royale, Allen & Stuntz, 22, 60; Sailor's Encamp-
ment, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 710; VermiHon, A. H. W.
Povah, 142 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 15144).

Wisconsin: Bayfield, V. B. Walker, 6b (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
9733) ; Blanchardville, Miss A. 0. Stucki, 47; Blue Mounds,
Miss A. 0. Stucki, 49; Ithaca, W. Trelease, 89 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 56606); Madison, E. T. Bartholomew, in
Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 3985, Miss A. 0. Stucki, 31, 35,
36, 50, W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56605) ; Syene,
W. Trelease, 90 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5072).

Indiana: Greencastle, L. M. Underwood, 2 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44101); Hibernian Mills, Whetzel & Reddick, comm.
by D. Reddick, 6, 8; Ladoga, P. J. Anderson, 1 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55838); Wabash ''bottom", W. Trelease
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5073).

Illinois: Brownsville, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 951; Cobden (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44102); Grand Pass Club, W.
Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5053); Jacksonville,
E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2590.

Missouri: Bismarck, L. 0. Overholts (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
43702) ; Clayton, A. M. Ferguson (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5131); Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 346a, 562, 580; Creve

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 161

Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8727) ; Lincoln
Co., C. Trenning (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4098); Mera-
mec, P. Spaulding, 1, and (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5020),
Spaulding & Johnson (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5013-5015) ;
Meramec Highlands, A^. M. Glatfelter (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 42583); Old Orchard, L. H. Pammel (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 5020, 5041); Piedmont (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 4783); Upper Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44057); Valley Park, H. von Schrenk (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 42859); White House, E. A. Burt (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43808), contains mesopod specimen;
Willow Springs, H. von Schrenk, 1, 2 (in Burt Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42886, 42851).

Arkansas: Bertig, W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5148);
Big Flat, W. H. Long, 19859 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
8268); Fayetteville, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew,
Fungi Col., 2884; Womble, W. H. Long, 19866 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 8889); Wynne, W. Trelease (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 5147, 5152).

Oklahoma: Poteau, W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5052) ; Spiro, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col.,
4291.

Texas: L. H. Pammel (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56607) ; Austin,
W. H. Long, Jr., 739; Gillespie County, G. Jermy (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 5048-5050) and W, comm. by U. S.
Dept. Agr. Herb.; Joaquin, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholo-
mew, Fungi Col., 4986; Quitman, W. H. Long, 12099 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55126) ; Waco, W. H. Long, Jr., 508.

South Dakota: Black Hills, J. R. Weir, 10012 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55793).

Nebraska: Memphis, T. A. Williams, comm. by C. L. Shear,
1059; Nebraska City, V. B. Walker, 10 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 12963).

Kansas: Bourbon County, A. G. Barrett, 112, 115, 126, 127;
Topeka, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 753.

Colorado: Golden, Bethel & Overholts, comm. by L. 0. Over-
holts, 1758 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54871).

New Mexico: Cloudcroft, F. S. Earle, 495 (inN. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 1546).

[Vol. 7
162 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Montana: Moeville, J. A. Hughes, comm. by J. R. Weir, 9750
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56225).

Idaho: Moscow, /. R. Weir, 7946 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56218); Priest River, /. R. Weir, 6,11, 49.

British Columbia: Secamons, J. Macoun, 166; Sidney, J. Macoun,
57, 70, 71 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5739, 5746, 5747).

Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 694; Friday Harbor,
V. B. Walker, 2 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8359); Lake
Waldemen, C. H. Kauffman (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
20763); Seattle, S. M. Zeller, 63, 118 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44137, 44143) ; Tacoma, E. Bartholomew, 4929 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20810).

Oregon: Corvallis, C. E. Owens, 2032, 2026, 2055, 2140, 2141
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43874-43876, 44700, 44701);
Granite Pass, /. R. Weir, 8675 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
36750); Wallowa, C. J. Humphrey, 265; Siskiyou National
Forest, J. R. Weir, 8678 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 36751).

California: R, A. Harper, 39, 108, 142 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56610-12); C. R. Orcutt,
in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 714; La Honda, Edna Hyatt,
comm. by C. L. Shear, 1088, 1091; Muir Woods, W. A.
Murrill, 1158, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55715); Redding, C. J. Humphrey, 1035;
San Francisco, A. S. Rhoads, 2 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56046); Saratoga, E. B. Copeland, 1806.

Arizona: Crown King, G. G. Hedgcock, comm. by C. J. Hum-
phrey, 2564 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10752).

Mexico: Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 996, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54609) ; Guerna-
vaca, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 415, 416, 412, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54518, 54519,
54543); Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 75, I48, 193,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
11275, 10360, 54436), C. L. Smith, in Smith, Central Am.
Fungi, 145; Oaxaca, E. W. D. Holway; Orizaba, W. A. &
E. L. Murrill, 758, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54632); Parral, E. 0. Matthews (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5722, 10459).

Guatemala: Maxon & Hay, 3250, comm. by U. S. Bur. PL Ind.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 163

Honduras: P. Wilson, 138, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Cuba: Ciego de Avila, Earle & Murrill, 568, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.; Fecha, F. S. Earle, 146, Earle & Wilson,

224; Guantanamo, /. R. Weir, 10644 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56237); Oriente, J. A. Shafer, 3392, 8468 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56613, 56614);

San Diego de los Baiios, Earle & Murrill, 331, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Bayamon, J. A. Stevenson, 6427 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 8180) ; Mayaguez, F. S. Earle, 89, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.; Rio Piedras, Johnston & Stevenson,

comm. by J. A. Stevenson, 1764, 1937, 2005 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 9824, 14220, 14270); San Jaun, Mr. & Mrs.

A. S. Heller, 700, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Jamaica: Cinchona, W. A.& E.L. Murrill, 450, 499, 521, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 43630); Chester Yale, W. A. & E. L. Murrill,

282, 316, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Monkey Hill,

W. A. Murrill, 817, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;

Moore Town, W. A. & E.L. Murrill, 160, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.
Brazil: Malme (in Romell Herb.).
Formosa: Urai, S. Kusano, 11.16 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56587).
Java: Junghuhn, authentic specimen of Thelephora ostrea, comm.

by G. Bresadola.
Philippine Islands: Luzon, H. M. Curran, Forestry Bureau,

9665 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56583); Mindanao, A. D. E. Elmer, 10556, Philippine Is.

PL (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 705743).

45. S. lobatum (Kunze) Fries, Epicr. 547. 1838; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 568. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 175.
1890. Plate 5, fig. 46.

Thelephora lohaia Kunze in Weigelt Exsiccati, 1827; Fries,
Linnaea 5: 527. 1830. — Stereum Sprucei Berk. & Curtis, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 331. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 567. 1888.
— An S. concolor Junghuhn, Crypt. Java, 38. 1838? See Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 561. 1888; Bresadola, Hedwigiasi: 321. 1912.

[Vol. 7
164 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Illustrations: Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (i: 1**):
124. text f. 69, A-B; Hard, Mushrooms, 455. text f. 382,
as S. versicolor.

Type: type distribution in Weigelt Exs.

Fructifications coriaceous, rigid, thin, wedge-shaped to um-
bonate, sessile, often laterally concrescent, at first tomentose
and drying tawny olive, at length with the tomentum becoming
pale smoke-gray to whitish, disappearing more or less near the
margin and in narrow zones and showing the glabrous, shining,
hazel surface of the bared areas, the margin undulate and
usually more or less lobed; in structure 300 m thick, with the
intermediate layer composed of densely arranged, thick-walled,
hyaline hyphae 4-4| m in diameter; hymenium glabrous, even,
usually drying pinkish buff; no setae, gloeocystidia, nor con-
ducting organs; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side,
4-5Xl2~2 hi, but few seen.

Pileus usually 3-7 cm. long, 2-6 cm. broad, sometimes much
larger by lateral confluence.

On dead branches, logs, and stumps of frondose species in
the cases noted. A tropical species ranging northward to New
York and Wisconsin and southward to Brazil. Occurs in the
Philippine Islands and East Indies also, if S. concolor is a synonym.

S. lobatum may be distinguished from the related S. fasciatum,
S. versicolor, and >S. radians by having a more or less lobate
pileus which is also very thin, somewhat flexible, zonate on the
upper side, with glabrous, shining hazel zones alternating with
whitish tomentose zones of soft, matted hairs. No specimens
of this species w^hich I have examined have the pileus effuso-
reflexed when young. Specimens of S. fasciatum occasionally
have a somewhat lobate margin but the pileus is thicker, more
heavily clothed with a tomentum which is more persistent than
that of >S. lobatum, and in its more northern stations where I
have been able to observe the development, the young fructifica-
tions are often efTuso-reflexed at first.

S. lobatum is primarily an American species described from
collections made in Surinam, Dutch Guiana, but it seems prob-
able that this species has a more extended geographical range
through the tropical lands of the Eastern Hemisphere also.
The recent collections in Philippine Islands, determined by

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 165

Bresadola as S. concolor (Jungh.) and distributed in Elmer,
Philippine Islands Plants, show that this species is but slightly,
if at all, different from S. lohatum. The general aspect is the
same but the Philippine specimens are the larger; none of them
have their tomentum as soft and whitish as in S. lohatum.
Some of these specimens have shown in crushed preparations
spore-like bodies 3 m in diameter; spore collections of oriental
specimens should be made.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4586, under the name S.
fasciatum; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 514b, under the name
S. versicolor v.fasciata, 514d, under the name S. versicolor v.
petaliforme ; Ravenel, Fungi Car. i:28, mixed with *S.
fasciatum; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 2011, mixed with S.
fasciatum.
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1019; Ithaca, L. A. Zinn, 82a

(in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 43074).
Pennsylvania: West Chester, J. B. Gray, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,

514b.
North Carolina: Black Oak, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi
Car. i: 28; Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4311, 4314;
Chapel Hill, W. C. Coker, 331 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb.,
56663); Transylvania County, W. A. Murrill & H. D.
House, 425 (in N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Card.
Herb., 56602).
Georgia: Flint River, R. M. Harper, 1401a, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Card. Herb, (also in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 5087); Dixie,
R. M. Harper, 1633 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 56603).
Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 4833; Crescent City, Dr. G. Martin, in
Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 514d; Eustis, G. V. Nash, 2128 (in
Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 5118), and L. M. Underwood, 1371
(in N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Card. Herb.,
56601); Lake City, P. L. Ricker, 893; New Smyrna, C. G.
Lloyd, 183; Tallahassee, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew,
Fungi Col., 4586.
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle, from Lloyd Herb., 3459; Che-
haw, E. A. Burt, two collections; Fayette Co., P. V. Sig-
gers, comm. by A. H. W. Povah, 14 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 9229).

[Vol. 7
166 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Louisiana: Natchitoches, G. F. Atkinson, 5118, 5119; St. Mar-

tinville, A. B. Langlois, he.
Ohio: Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 1677, U95, 1^502.
Wisconsin: Madison, C. /. Humphrey, 2508 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 42927).
Kentucky: Mammoth Cave, C. G. Lloyd.
Missouri: Kennett, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

42996) ; Neeleyville, F. C. Dewart (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5132, 5135).
Mexico: W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5123); Guer-

navaca, E. W. D. Holway.
Honduras: P. Wilson, 180, 671, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb.
Cuba: C. Wright, 197, 271 (in Curtis Herb.), and 521, the type

of S. Sprucei (in Kew Herb.) ; Baracoa, L. M. Underwood

& F. S. Earle, 796, 1068, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;

Ceballos, C. J. Humphrey, 2722 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

8638).
Porto Rico: Sauerce, Mr. & Mrs. A. A. Heller, 843, 882, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Luquillo Mts., P. Wilson, 203

(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56600).
Guadeloupe: in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 2001.
St. Kitts: N. L. Britton & J. F. Cowell, 502, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.
Jamaica: A. E. Wight, comm. by W. G. Farlow; Castleton

Gardens, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 113, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.; Cinchona, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 530, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Moneague, W. A. Murrill,

1140, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Troy and Tyre,

W. A. Murrill & W. Harris, 996, 1037, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.
Trinidad: Carengo, M. A. Carriker, comm. by W. G. Farlow, II.
Grenada: Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 3.
Venezuela: Margarita, A. F. Blakeslee, comm. by W. G.

Farlow.

46. S. versicolor (Swartz) Fries, Epicr. 547. 1838; Berkeley,
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. I. 10: 382. pi. 11. f. 13. 1842; Sacc.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 167

Syll. Fung. 6: 561. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:
172. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Letter 46:3. 1913.

Plate 5, fig. 47.

Helvella versicolor Swartz, Prodr. 149. 1788. — Thelephora
versicolor Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oc. 3: 1934. 1806; Fries, Syst.
Myc. i: 438. 1821. — Stereum radians Fries, R. Soc. Sci. Up-
sal. Actis III. i: 110. 1851; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 573. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 188. pl.7.f.5. 1900.

Illustrations: Berkeley, loc. cit.; Massee, loc. cit.

Type: authentic specimen in Herb, of Brit. Mus. according
to Berkeley.

Fructification coriaceous-rigid, very thin, sometimes buff-
yellow, clothed with silky, villous fascicles all lying in a radiat-
ing direction, becoming glabrous and shining and minutely
radially ridged or lineate, wood-brown to cinnamon-brown, the
margin entire, not complicate; in structure 300-400 m thick,
composed of densely, longitudinally arranged hyphae 3-3| m in
diameter; hymenium even, glabrous, cream-color to avellaneous;
no colored conducting organs, gloeocystidia, nor cystidia; spores
hyaline, even, 4-5X2-2§ m.

Fructifications 1-2| cm. broad, 1^-4 cm. long, often laterally
confluent.

On dead wood. Florida, West Indies, Mexico, Dutch Guiana.
September to February. Probably common in Jamaica.

S. versicolor is a species intermediate between S. lohatum and
S. rameale; its fructifications are smaller than those of S. lohatum,
thinner, more completely glabrous at length, with margin not
normally lobed, and usually retaining attachment by a narrow,
resupinate side of the pileus as well as by the umbo, in which
respect there is resemblance to the middle stage of development
of S.fasciatum; the radial arrangement of the hairs and villous
fascicles on the upper surface of the pileus is a highly distinctive
character, as first pointed out by Berkeley. The coloration and
hairy covering of fructifications of S. versicolor are somewhat
similar to these characters in S. rameale, but the fructifications
of the former are not lobed and folded together laterally and
crisped nor as slender as those of S. rameale, as pointed out by
Fries in his description of his S. radians. S. versicolor was
formerly confused with S. fasciatum, especially in American

(Vol. 7
168 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

literature; it is doubtful whether S. versicolor occurs in the

United States except very rarely in Florida.
Specimens examined:

Florida: Dade County, J. K. Small, 7089, 7122 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56650, 56651);
Eustis, Lake County, L. M. Underwood, 1377 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
42764).

Cuba: C. Wright, 291 (in Curtis Herb.); Ceballos, C. J. Humph-
rey, 271^0 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 15720) ; San Diego de los
Banos, Bro. Leon, If.861 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 56647).

Porto Rico: Maricao, N. L. Britton, J. F. Cowell & S. Brown,
U20 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 56574); Rio Piedras, J. R. Johnston, 129, 282
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56648, 56641) ; Sierra de Naguabo, J. A. Shafer, 3211, 3692,
3693 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56653-56655).

Jamaica: Farr (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56640); Cinchona, L. M. Underwood, 3239 (in N.
Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56595),
N. L. Britton, 295, 296 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 56642, 56643), F. S. Earle, 409, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 526, 539,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and 473 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56644) ; John Crow Peak, L. M. Underwood, 2433, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Monkey Hill, W. A. Murrill,
814, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Rose Hill, F. S.
Earle, 50, 282, 305, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;
Sir John Peak, E. G. Britton, 1212 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56641) ; Troy and Tyre,
W. A. Murrill & W. Harris, 853, 856, 1036, IO48, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Montserrat: Soufriere, J. A. Shafer, 919 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56645).

Grenada: Annandale, W. E. Broadway (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56656); Grand Etang,
R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 10.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 169

Mexico: Trap, de la Conception, Liebman, type of Stereum
radians (in Herb. Fries); Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill,
343, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55477).

47. S. rameale Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig Schrift.
1 : 106. 1822 (under B. Sterea of Thelephora). Plate 5, fig. 48.

Thelephora hirsuta Fries, Elenchus Fung, i : 178. 1828,
but not of Syst. Myc. i : 439. 1821. — T. hirsuta jS ramealis
Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 167. 1832.—
Stereum complicatum Fries, Epicr. 548. 1838; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6:579. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:178. 1890.
— S. radians of Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10:
194. 1888, but not S. radians Fries. — Telephora lobata Bertolo-
nii, Accad. Sci. Bologna Mem. I. 7: 360. pi. 19. f. e-g. 1856;
Underwood & Earle, Ala. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 80: 232. 1897.—
Stereum Bertolonii Saccardo, Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 120. 1895.

Illustrations: Berkeley & Broome, Linn. Soc. Bot. Trans.
2: pi. 14' f' 12-14- 1883; Bertolonii, loc. cit.

Type: in Herb. Schweinitz and in Herb. Fries.

Fructifications coriaceous, thin, rigid, effuso-reflexed, rarely
resupinate, with the reflexed portion consisting of small, umbo-
nate pilei, which are sometimes subdivided into
lobes, the pilei or lobes drying folded together or
crisped, fibrose-strigose, becoming glabrous on the ^^

marginal portion, shining, with innate fibers "^^

radiating from the base, cinnamon-buff to hazel,
more or less zoned; hymenium even, glabrous, ^ mmeale
light buff to cream-buff; in structure 300-450 m Spores x 650.
thick, composed of densely, longitudinally ar-
ranged, hyaline hyphae 3-3^ /x in diameter, colored conducting
organs 3-3| /x in diameter occasionally present; no cystidia
nor gloeocystidia; spores white in spore collection, even,
slightly curved, 6X2-2^ /x.

Fructifications sometimes covering areas only 5-10 mm. in
diameter, and gregarious, at other times irregularly confluent
over areas up to 3 cm. broad and 10 cm, and more long; indi-
vidual pilei 2-10 mm. broad, 3-10 mm. long.

On dead twigs and stumps of oak and other frondose species.

[Vol. 7
170 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Canada, throughout the United States, except in the Rocky
Mountain region, in Mexico and the West Indies. July to
January. Common in the United States.

S. rameale varies somewhat under the different conditions as
to cHmate and substratum in the great extent of North America
where it is our commonest species of Stereum. In the United
States and Canada one will hardly go amiss in referring to S.
rameale any Stereum with numerous small pilei densely crowded
together imbricately or laterally, strigose hairy near the region
of attachment, and with marginal side shining, somewhat zonate,
and pinkish buff to hazel in color, and with these pilei drying
folded together along the sides, or radially plicate in a laterally
confluent form. The pileus of S. rameale is thinner than that
of S. hirsutum, only partially covered with hairs, which do not
form as heavy a covering where present, and the pilei are folded
together laterally and are smaller than those of S. hirsutum. S.
sericeum has small, shining, very thin pilei between whitish and
pale drab-gray on both surfaces — wholly lacking ruddy ochra-
ceous coloration — and almost always growing on Carpinus
caroliniana.

Schweinitz communicated to Fries specimens of S. rameale
which are still preserved in the herbarium at Upsala; Fries
published the species as a synonym of S. hirsutum in Elenchus
Fung.; Schweinitz yielded to the authority of Fries but pro-
tested that S. rameale was a distinct variety, at least. Other
American specimens of this species were received by Fries, who
described and published them in 1838 as S. complicatum, over-
looking the earlier and nearly identical specimens from Schwei-
nitz and the earlier, appropriate name for the species.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2881, 4289, 4689, 4985;

Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 324; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 307;

Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2:30; Fungi Am., 117; Smith, Cent.

Am. Fungi, 96, 97 — the latter under the name S. sericeum;

de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 1404.
Canada, Ontario: Belleville, /. Macoun, 2^0; Port Credit, J. H.

Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 317 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb.,

44878); Toronto, R. P. Wodehouse, Univ. Toronto Herb.,

316 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 44879).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 171

Maine: Oldtown, P. L. Richer.

Vermont: Brattleboro, Grand View Mt., Lake Dunmore, Mid-
dlebury, and Ripton, E. A. Burt.

Massachusetts: Arlington, E. A. Burt; Amherst, P. J. Ander-
son, 6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55850); Cambridge, W.
Trelease, 81 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5062); Stony Brook,
E. A. Burt; Waltham, A. B. Seymour, 12 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 22096); Wellesley, L. W. Riddle, 12; Wor-
cester, G. E. Francis.

Connecticut: C. C. Hanmer, 2075 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
43849); Mansfield, P. W. Graff, 12 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 9854); New Canaan, P. Wilson, 63 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54739); South Windsor, C. C. Hanmer.

New York: Sartwell (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5062, 44235);
Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 15954); Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1137, 1320,
1323, 1331; Catskill Mts., C. H. Peck, in Ellis, N. Am.
Fungi, 324; East Galway, E. A. Burt, three collections;
Glasco, P. Wilson, 34, 37, J^l, 57 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54728, 54741, 54742, 54727); Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 190
0. S., 2121, 7989, 22969, 22973-22975, C. J. Humphrey, 227,
H. S. Jackson, Cornell Univ. Herb., 14375, 14376, W. A.
Murrill, Cornell Univ. Herb., 3058, Van Hook, Cornell
Univ. Herb., 7991, K. M. Wiegand, Cornell Univ. Herb.,
3258, L. A. Zimm, 83 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9064);
Palisades, P. Wilson, 16, 21 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54732, 54731); Scarsdale, Livingston & Crane, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., P. Wilson, 1, 25 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 54737, 54730); West Fort Ann, S. H. Burnham, 15
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44011); WiUiams Bridge, P.
Wilson, 3, 31 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54740, 54729);
Yonkers, P. Wilson, 1 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54727).

New Jersey: Laning (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5051, 44236,
44238) ; Alpine, P. Wilson, 15, 9, H, 5, 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 54733-54736, 54738) ; Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ellis,
Fungi Col., 307, and in de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 1404;
New Brunswick, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54353).

Pennsylvania: Bear Meadow, C. R. Orton & A. S. Rhoads, 13,

[Vol. 7
172 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

U (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44090, 44091); Bellefonte,
L. 0. Overholts, 3715 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54996);
Kittanning, D. R. Sumstine, 3, 9, 12; North Garden, E.
Michener, 437 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44237) ; Shingleton
Gap, A. S. Rhoads, 11 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44089);
Spruce Creek, J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 313 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44885).

Delaware: Newark, H. S. Jackson, B9.

Maryland: Cabin John Bridge, C. L. Shear, 1045; Cabin John
Creek, A. S. Rhoads, comm. by L. 0. Overholts (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55069); Chevy Chase, comm. by Mrs.
F. W. Patterson (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43730) ; Takoma
Park, A. S. Rhoads, comm, by L. 0. Overholts (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55049), C. L. Shear, 1160.

District of Columbia: Takoma Park, P. L. Richer, 818.

Virginia: Mt. Vernon, P. L. Richer, 1121 in part.

North Carolina: Schweinitz, type (in Herb. Schweinitz and
Herb. Fries); Chapel Hill, W. C. Coher, 3802, 2026, 1047,
362, 333 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56657-56661); Salem,
Schweinitz, the Thelephora ochroteuca of Schweinitz, Syn.
N. Am. Fungi, 644 (in Herb. Schweinitz).

South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2: 30;
Clemson College, P. H. Rolfs, 161 4, 1628; Davidson River,
H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42964); Society
Hill, H. W. Ravenel (in Curtis Herb., 1439, under the name
Stereum plicatum).

Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, 5674 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44217); Glenbrook Ravine, A. B. Seymour, from
Farlow Herb., J (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44649); Thom-
son, H. H. Bartlett, comm. by W. G. Farlow.

Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 4851, 4852; Camp Pinchot, W. H. Long,
12212 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55143); Daytona, D. L.
James, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.; Gainesville,
H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 117; New Smyrna,
C. G. Lloyd, 2112.

Alabama: Dr. Gates, probably from the type collection of
Telephora lohata Bertolonii, from Torrey Herb, (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56295);
Auburn, F. S. Earle, four specimens in Burt Herb., and two

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 173

Others (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5107, 56619— the last in
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, also); Montgomery Co., R. P.
Burke, 28 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17856).

Mississippi: Biloxi, F. S. Earle, 29; Hattiesburg, C. J. Humph-
rey, 5451; Jackson, E. Bartholomew, 5779, 5797, 5784 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44223-44225) and Bartholomew,
Fungi Col., 4689; Laurel, C. J. Humphrey, 5430; Ocean
Springs, F. S. Earle, 177 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5065).

Louisiana: A. B. Langlois, 2906; Alden Bridge, W. Trelease
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5047); Baton Rouge, C. J.
Humphrey, 5699 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14102); New
Orleans, E. Bartholomew, 5764 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5440, 44222), E. A. Burt; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois,
he (in Burt Herb.), 1101 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5063);
Shreveport, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col.,
4689.

Ohio: Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2633;
College Hill, C. G. Lloyd, 1457; Linwood, C. G. Lloyd, 02833.

Indiana: Avilla, W. H. Rankin (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9183);
Crawfordsville, D. Reddick, 12; Greencastle, L. M. Under-
wood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56277).

Illinois: Bowmansville, comm. by Univ. Wis. Herb., 4, and
E. T. & S. A. Harper, 436; River Forest, E. T. & S. A.
Harper, 709.

Kentucky: Bowling Green, S. F. Price (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5036).

Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kaufman, 58, 61, 63 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 16384, 3993, 1678) ; Nashville, E. Bartholomew,
5634 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44214).

Michigan: Chelsea, C. H. Kauffman, 23; New Richmond, C. H.
Kauffman, 44, 43 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22507, 22856).

Minnesota: E. L. Jensen, 2 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 3939).

Wisconsin: Mm^4. D. iS^i^cH, Univ. Wis. Herb.,7; Blue Mounds,
Miss A. D. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb., 6; Madison, Miss A.
D. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb., 10.

Iowa: E. W. D. Holway.

Missouri: B. M. Duggar, 568; Bismarck, L. 0. Overholts (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43701); Cox's Switch, H. von

[Vol. 7
174 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42892); Creve Coeur,
E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44757); Columbia,
L. E. Cline, comm. by B. M. Duggar, A555; Gasconade Co.,
W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5128); Meramec,
P. Spaulding (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5019); Neeleyville,
Dewart (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5127, 5130); St. Francis
River, W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5129); St.
Louis, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8724, 44757),
and H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42873);
Williamsville, B. M. Duggar & H. S. Reed, 4-7.

Arkansas: Arkadelphia, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56620); Batesville, E.
Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2881; Cass,
W. H. Long, 19835 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6384);
Womble, W. H. Long, 19671, 19649, 19865 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 6386, 6385, 8887); Wynne, TF. Trelease (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5039).

Texas: H. W. Ravenel, 4-0 (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.); Joaquin,
E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4985; Somer-
ville, H. von Schrenk, 1.

Colorado: Tolland, L. 0. Overholts, 2000 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 54872).

British Columbia: Hastings, J. Macoun; Sidney,/. Macoun, 14,
382 (in Macoun Herb.) and 56, 72 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5738, 5748).

Washington: Bellingham, J. R. Weir, 543, 547, 593 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 18629, 18712,36745); Metaline Falls,
J. R. Weir, 5245, 590 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55650,
36744); Seattle, W. A. Murrill, 137, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55736).

Oregon: Corvallis, W. A. Murrill, 892h, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55719), and C. E.
Owens, 2033, 2134, 2147 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43873,
44697, 9186).

California: R. A. Harper, 121, 128 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56621, 56622); Palo Alto,
W. A. Murrill & L. S. Abrams, 1170, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55710).

Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 57, 70, 348, comm. by

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 175

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 23108,
3732, 54475), and C. L. Smith, in Smith, Central Am. Fungi,
96, 97; Orizaba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 799, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54624) ;
Trap, de la Conception, Liehman, authentic specimen of
Stereum complicatum (in Herb. Fries).

Porto Rico: Indiera Fria, N. L. Britton, J. F. Cowell & S.
Brown, 4483 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56623).

Jamaica: Abbey Green, W. Harris, 1022; Cinchona, F. S.
Earle, 860, and W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 600, both numbers
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Hope, F. S. Earle, 119,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; New Haven Gap, W. A.
& E. L. Murrill, 770, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;
Monkey Hill, W. A. Murrill, 790, 802, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.; Rose Hill, F. S. Earle, 309, 312, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

48. S. sericeum Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig Schrift.
i: 106. 1822 (in B. Sterea of Thelephora); Morgan, Cincinnati
Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 195. 1888; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 579.
1888. Plate 5, fig. 49.

Thelephora striata Fries, Elenchus Fung, i : 178. 1828;
Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 167. 1832.— .S^er-
eum striatum Fries, Epicr. 548. 1838, but not of p. 551 nor of
Hym. Eur. 641. 1874.

Illustrations: Hard, Mushrooms, 456. text f. 383.

Type: not found by me in Herb. Schweinitz although studied
by Berkeley & Curtis, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 3 : 220. 1856.

Fructifications coriaceous, small, very thin and papery, ef-
fuso-reflexed, laterally confluent, with reflexed portion divided
into small pilei, sometimes orbicular and attached by a central
point with margin free all around, the upper side
whitish to cartridge-buff, shining, silky, with ^

minute radiate fibrils, the margin entire, thinning Cj C^
to subfimbriate, not complicate; hymenium even, ^^

wood-brown when most deeply colored, becoming
bleached ; in structure 250-300 y. thick, composed ^ l^ceum.
of densely and longitudinally arranged hyaline Spores x 665.

[Vol. 7
176 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

hyphae 3-3 1 m in diameter; no colored conducting organs,
gloeocystidia, nor cystidia present; spores hyaline, even, flat-
tened on one side, 6-7^X3-3^ fx.

Fructifications 1-1 1 cm. in diameter, confluent along limbs
10 cm. and more, the reflexed portion 5-10 mm. broad, 3-10 mm.
long.

In swampy woods on under side of dead twigs of Carpinus
caroUniana, recorded rarely on Liquidamhar and Nyssa. Can-
ada to Louisiana and westward to Missouri and in Mexico.
Throughout the year. Infrequent.

Stereum sericeum is very appropriately named, for its silvery
to pale gray pilei are noteworthy by their silky or satiny luster;
they are smaller, thinner, and more flexible than those of *S.
rameale and with innate rather than fibrose-strigose fibrils;
these pilei lack the ruddy and ochraceous hues characteristic
of S. rameale; furthermore the pilei of S. sericeum are plane,
while those of S. rameale are folded laterally or crisped. Never-
theless I have received some scanty specimens of S. rameale
from the West and South which were sparsely developed and
bleached out so as to simulate S. sericeum. In New England
and New York, S. sericeum has been invariably on Carpinus
caroUniana when the substratum has been recorded, but else-
where S. rameale has sometimes been recorded on other substrata.
The concept of S. sericeum is that held by all American my-
cologists and is in conformity with the specimens in Curtis
Herbarium determined by Berkeley and Curtis who studied the
authentic specimen.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fung., 19; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 705;

Ravenel, Fungi Car. i: 21; Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 312.
Ontario: London, J. Dearness; Ottawa, J. Macoun, 20, SO, 277;

Toronto, G. H. Graham, Univ. Toronto Herb., 675 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44918), and T. Langton, Univ. Toronto

Herb., 518, 594 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44842, 44848).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, five collections.
Massachusetts: Wayland, A. B. Seijmour, T23 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 22097).
Connecticut: Goshen, L. M. Underwood, 22Jt. (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56658).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 177

New York: Sartwell (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5045); Alcove,

C. L. Shear, 1047, 1124, 1211, 1314, 1S25, 1332, and in

Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 312; Glasco, P. Wilson, 36 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 54744); Grand View, H. von Schrenk

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42795); Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson,

178 0. S., 2827, 22968, and W. C. Muenscher, 4 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56594); McLean, W. C. Muenscher, 98 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56596); Taughannock Gorge, W. C.

Muenscher, 199 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56595).
New Jersey: Newfield, J.B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 19, Ell.

& Ev., Fungi Col., 705, and (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5103).
Pennsylvania: E. Michener, 399 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5104); State College, L. 0. Overholts, 3054 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5688).
District of Columbia: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 957.
North Carolina: Chapel Hill, W. C. Coker, 1043 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56668).
South Carolina: Black Oak, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi

Car. i: 31.
Florida: Tallahassee, comm. by W. G. Farlow.
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56661-56663); Fayette Co., P. V.

Diggers, comm. by A. H. W. Povah, 17 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 20803); Montgomery Co., R. P. Burke, 32, 137 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 15929, 10934); Tuskegee, C. W.

Carver, 369 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56664).
Mississippi: Biloxi, F. S. Earle, 27.
Louisiana: New Orleans, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56660).
Ohio: Cleveland, H. C. Beardslee; Columbus, W. A. Kellerman,

in Kellerman, Ohio Fungi, 139 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5042); Norwood, C. G. Lloyd, 2270; Oberlin, and also

Penfield, F. D. Kelsey (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56665 and

56666 respectively).
Indiana: Scottsburg, J. R. Weir, 5803 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55643).
Michigan: Agricultural College, Hicks, comm. by W. G. Farlow.
Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 553.

[Vol. 7

178 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 343 in part, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56672).

49. S. pubescens Burt, n. sp. Plate 5, fig. 50.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
Burt. Herb.

Fructification coriaceous, thin, orbicular, conchate-reflexed,
attached by one side and the center, reflexed all around but more
broadly on the upper side, white, pubescent with soft matted
hairs, not zonate nor sulcate; hymenium drying even or some-
what radiately rugose, sorghum-brown to dusky drab, shining;
in structure 600 /x thick exclusive of the tomentum, with the
occasional hymenial wrinkles standing out up to 120 /x further;
intermediate layer bordered next to the tomentum by a narrow,
dense, colored zone and composed of longitudinally arranged
and somewhat loosely interwoven hyaline, thick-walled hyphae
3| fx in diameter; no vesicular organs, conducting organs,
gloeocystidia, nor cystidia present; hymenium composed of a
single layer of simple basidia with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline,
even, oval, 6X4 /x.

Fructifications 3-10 mm. in diameter, reflexed 1-3 mm.

On dead limbs of a frondose species. Montana. April.
Probably rare.

S. pubescens has small fructifications with some resemblance
in aspect to those of Cenangium furfuraceum but white and
pubescent with soft matted hairs. Specimens from this gather-
ing were communicated by Ellis, No. 7014, to Cooke and were
regarded by Cooke as a young Stereum, related to Stereum
purpureum and, perhaps, young specimens of this species. S.
pubescens differs sharply from S. purpureum in having no pyri-
form, vesicular organs. The specimens are so mature that
many basidia bearing sterigmata are present and occasionally
spores. In the smaller specimens the hymenium is even but
in those 1 cm. in diameter some broad, obtuse, radiating wrinkles
are present, which may necessitate the transfer of this species
from Stereum when better known from future collections.

Specimens examined:
Montana: Sheridan, Mrs. L. A. Fitch, in Ellis Collection, 7014,
type (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56784).

1920]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 179

50. S. conicum Burt, n. sp. Plate 5, fig. 51.
Type: in Farlow Herb, and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Pileus coriaceous, small, rather thick, conical, sessile, attached
by the vertex, villose, with some specimens whitish to pale
olive-buff and others between wood-brown and Sayal-brown;
intermediate layer not bordered by a dark zone, nearly colorless,
containing many thick-walled and somewhat incrusted hyphal
ends 15-25X6 n but no colored conducting organs; hymenium
even, drab, without cystidia; spores hyaline, even, 4-4|X2| At.

Pileus 2-4 mm. in diameter, 2-4 mm. high, about f-| mm.
thick.

Singly on small, dead, frondose twigs. Cuba.

If carelessly glanced at, specimens of this species might be
referred to S. ochraceo-flavum, but in S. conicum each of the eight
fructifications which I have seen is truly conical, pendant, and
attached by its vertex, while the pilei of S. ochraceo-flavum, S.
ochroleucum, etc., are reflexed; the hymenium of S. conicum is
glabrous, while that of S. ochraceo-flavum contains even-walled,
non-incrusted cystidia 20-25X4-6 ij., protruding 15 /i. S. coni-
cum is noteworthy by the very numerous thick-walled and some-
what incrusted hyphal ends which are present in its intermediate
layer. On the hymenial side these bodies curve towards the
hymenium but do not reach its surface; on the opposite side
they curve to the upper surface of the pileus and protrude as
incrusted hairs forming a part of the villose covering of the
pileus, a structural feature suggestive of Cyphella. The speci-
mens of S. conicum were collected by Charles Wright during
his last trip to Cuba in about 1860 but were not sent to Berkeley
and Curtis for study.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: Fungi Cubensis Wrightiani, 842, C. Wright, type, comm.
by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43906 and in
Farlow Herb.).

51. S. vibrans Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 332.
1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:577. 1888. Plate 5, fig. 52.

An Stereum cupulatum Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles
Fr. 233. 1904?

Type: in Curtis Herb, and Kew Herb.

(Vol. 7
180 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications coriaceous, orbicular, and attached by the
center, or fan-shaped and laterally confluent, lobed, the upper
surface velvety hirsute on the region of recent growth, becoming
somewhat glabrous in the older region near place of attachment,
narrowly concentrically sulcate, somewhat zonate, snuff-brown,
becoming Saccardo's umber; hymenium even, Saccardo's umber
to drab, somewhat pruinose; in structure 600-800 yu thick, with
the intermediate layer connected with the hairy covering by a
blackish dense crust; hyphae of intermediate layer snuff-brown,
blackening by action of dilute potassium hydrate, longitudinally
arranged, thick-walled, 3|-4 p. in diameter; hymenial layer
simple; no colored conducting organs, cystidia, nor aculeate
paraphyses; spores hyaline, even, 4-5X2^-3 ix.

Pileus 2-5 cm. in diameter.

On logs. Cuba and Jamaica. October and November.
Rare.

S. vibrans is related to S. crassum but seems distinct by having
smaller spores and a thin, blackish, horn-like crust under the
hairy covering; the other histological details are very similar
how^ever. S. vibrans may be distinguished from the other
species of the West Indies by its tobacco color, pruinose hymen-
ium, and lack of cystidia, gloeocystidia, conducting organs,
and bottle-brush paraphyses. S. papyrinum is of similar colora-
tion, but is more spongy, has incrusted cystidia, and does not
have its intermediate layer bordered above by a crust.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 530, type (in Curtis Herb.).
Jamaica: Rose Hill, F. S. Earle, 299, 303, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.

52. S. crassum Fries, R. Soc. Sci. Upsal. Actis III. i: IIL
1851 (not Thelephora crassa Leveille); Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 582.
1888.

Type: in Herb. Fries.

Fructification coriaceous, resupinate, effused, sometimes re-
flexed, villose, blackening, the margin obtuse, determinate,
paler; hymenium even, dark chestnut-brown; in structure 1000
n thick, with intermediate layer not bordered by a darker denser
zone or crust, composed of longitudinally and rather loosely

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 181

arranged, dark-colored, thick-walled, stiff hyphae 3|-4| ^x in
diameter, not incrusted, which give their color to the fructifica-
tion; no colored conducting organs, gloeocystidia, nor cystidia;
spores hyaline, 9X4 /x.

According to the original collection of S. crassum in Herb.
Fries, this is a very distinct species, characterized by very dark
color throughout and by absence of colored conducting organs,
cystidia, and gloeocystidia. It is probably of local distribution,
for I have seen but one collection which is even doubtfully
referable to S. crassum. This specimen, collected at Motzo-
rongo, is wholly resupinate, with hyphae dark-colored and
ascending obliquely from the substratum instead of running
longitudinally, and the hymenium has dried pinkish buff.

Specimens examined:
Mexico: Mirador, Liebman, type (in Herb. Fries); Motzorongo,
near Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 985 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54648).

53. S. radiatum Peck, Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist. Bui. i : 62.
1873; N. Y. State Mus. Kept. 26:72. 1874; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 571. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 195.
1890. Plate 5, fig. 53.

S. radiatum var. reflexum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept.
49:45. 1896; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14: 217. 1900.— An Thele-
phora (Stereum) corrugata Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III.
5:150. 1846?

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

Fructification coriaceous, resupinate, with the margin free all
around, sometimes reflexed on the upper side, the reflexed por-
tion becoming black above, velutinous,
crisped, and somewhat lobed; hymenium ^

uneven, not polished, marked with thick •^^ C\~
ridges radiating from the center, Sudan- ^

brown, rarely black when turned upward Yig. 26. S. radiatum.
and exposed to direct sunlight and weather; Spores x 665.

in structure 1000 /x thick, composed of
densely and longitudinally arranged, colored hyphae 3^-4 /x in
diameter, whose color is dissolved by dilute potassium hydrate
solution; no cystidia; spores from spore collections white,
even, slightly curved, 9-10X3^-4 fx.

[Vol. 7
182 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications 2 cm. in diameter up to 10X3 cm.; reflexed
portion 2-8 mm. broad.

Under side of hemlock, spruce, and pine boards and logs and
charred wood. Canada to Pennsylvania and westward to
Montana; received also from Russia where growing on rotten
wood in greenhouse.

>S. radiatum is readily recognized by its bright, ferruginous
hymenium with shallow broad ridges radiating from the center
to the margin, and by the black upper side of the pileus when
reflexed. The general aspect, coloration, and color changes
with KHO solution are suggestive of some species of Hymen-
ochaete but no setae are present. I endeavored to have com-
parison made with the type of Thelephora corrugata in Museum
of Paris Herbarium but Patouillard could not find the specimen
there.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 407.
Russia: on rotting wood in a greenhouse, Janczewsky (in N. Y.

Bot. Card. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6173).
Ontario: Harraby, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 636.
Vermont: Howe (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5962); Lake Willoughby, W. G. Farlow; Mid-

dlebury, E. A. Burt, four collections.
Massachusetts: Cambridge, W. G. Farlow; Sharon, A. P. D.

Piguet, comm. by W. G. Farlow, O (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55002).
New York: Albany, C. H. Peck, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 407;

Alcove, C L. Shear, 1301; Freeville, G. F. Atkinson, Cornell

Univ. Herb., 18185; Ithaca, C. 0. Smith, H. H. Whetzel,

L. M. Wiegand, Cornell Univ. Herb., 8029, 13809, and 3254

respectively.
Pennsylvania: State College, L. 0. Overholts, 2653 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 5917); Trexlertown, W. Herbst.
Michigan: Seney, C. J. Humphrey, 1843 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 17766).
Montana: Darby, /. R. Weir, 363 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

16472).

54. S. patelliforme Burt, n. sp. Plate 5, fig. 54.

Type: In Burt Herb.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 183

Fructification coriaceous-fleshy, resupinate, the margin be-
coming free or narrowly reflexed, hoary with a few short hairs,
drying cinnamon to bone-brown, the margin entire; hymenium
even, waxy, cracking in drying, drying cinnamon to bone-
brown; in structure 500-800 m thick, composed of longitudinally
and densely arranged, hyaline hyphae 3-3| m in diameter, with
the intermediate layer not bordered on the upper side by a
denser, darker zone; hair-like cystidia hyaline, cylindric, flex-
uous, 50-60X5-6 m, emerging up to 40 m, but rarely present;
basidia simple, with 4 sterigmata, often protruded; spores
hyaline, even, 9-10X3-4 m, somewhat curved.

Fructifications 3X2 mm., up to 25X3 mm., the margin free
all around and rolled up 1-2 mm.

On fallen branches of Acer, Quercus, and other frondose species.
Washington, California, and New Mexico. August to April.
Rare.

S. patelliforme differs from our other Stereums by being of
more fleshy consistency and with a waxy hymenium. In these
characters it approaches Corticium, but it has the longitudinal
arrangement of hyphae characteristic of Stereum and the margin
becomes narrowly reflexed. These characters separate S. patelli-
forme from our other Stereums with the exception of S. pubescens,
which is snow-white on the upper side with a thick covering
of fine soft hairs, is more broadly reflexed, and has a somewhat
radiately rugose hymenium.

Specimens examined:
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 713, type, 762, 753, 884,

917.
California: Campo Mts., C. D. Orcutt, 2005, comm. by U. S.

Dept. Agr. Herb.
New Mexico: Ute Park, Colfax Co., P. C. Standley, 14735,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
44951).

55. S. ochraceo-flavum Schweinitz in Peck, N. Y. State Mus.
Kept. 22: 86. 1869; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour.
10: 195. 1888; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 576. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 184. 1890. Plate 5, fig. 55.

Thelephora ochraceo-flava Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans.
N.S. 4:167. 1832.

[Vol. 7
184 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Type: in Herb. Schweinitz and Curtis Herb.

Fructification coriaceous, thin, small, effuso-reflexed, some-
times confluent along branches, often conical and attached by

one side and the umbo and some-
times only by the umbo, the upper
side villose-tomentose, somewhat fur-
rowed, white, weathering gray; in
structure 200-300 m thick below the
hairy covering, with intermediate
layer becoming bordered on the
^. „ „ , „ upper side by a denser or colored

lig. 27. b. ochraceo-flavum. ■, ^ ^ i i

Hymenium showing three cys- zo^e when old and weathered, com-
tidia, X 488. posed of densely and longitudinally

arranged, hyaline hyphae 3-4 ix in
diameter; no colored conducting organs; hymenium even,
^'yellow," becoming cream-buff in the herbarium; cystidia not
incrusted, obtuse, 20-25X4-6 m> protruding up to 15 n', spores
not found.

Reflexed portion 3-5 mm. broad, and about as long; scattered
conical pilei 3-5 mm. in diameter.

On dead branches of frondose species. Canada to Mississippi
and westward to Missouri, and in California and Mexico.
July to May.

S. ochraceo-flavum may be recognized at sight by its small,
white, conical fructifications heavily clothed with long, soft
hairs and by its bright yellow hymenium. The non-incrusted
cystidia afTord a good distinctive microscopical character for
separation of this species from very small specimens of S. sul-
phuratum. In specimens which have persisted beyond their
normal season of active growth, the upper side of the interme-
diate layer becomes hardened and pale golden.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 17; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 6;
Ravenel, Fungi Am., 787; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2: 31;
de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 10.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 21^.2.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.

Massachusetts: D. W. Weis, comm. by C. G. Lloyd, 145 (in
Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 56687); Cambridge, E. A. Burt;
Magnolia, W. G. Farlow.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 185

Connecticut: Storrs, A. E. Moss, comm. by P. W. Graff, 38

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44792).
New York: Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55209); East Galway, E. A.

Burt; Ithaca, Cornell Univ. Herb., 219; Poughkeepsie,

W. R. Gerard, 228, 261 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.) ; Staten

Island, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56701).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 17,

Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 6, and de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 10.
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz, type (in Herb. Schweinitz

and in Curtis Herb.); State College, J. F. Adams, 8 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44085).
Maryland: Seven Locks, P. L. Richer, 1005; Takoma Park,

C. L. Shear, 1119, 1240.
Virginia: Park Lane, W. H. Long, 18463 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55101).
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4316.
South Carohna: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2: 31;

Summerville, C. L. Shear, 1228.
Georgia: Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 787;

Fullerton, P. L. Richer, 918.
Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 4859; Hanosassa (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56688); New Smyrna,

C. G. Lloyd, 2089; Tampa, A^. L. & E. G. Britton & J. A.

Shafer, 46 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56689).
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle & C. F. Baher (in Burt Herb.

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5089); Montgomery Co., R. P.

Burhe, 22 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 12291).
Mississippi: Ocean Springs, F. S. Earle, 180 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5090).
Michigan: New Richmond, C. H. Kaufman, 87 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44995).
Wisconsin: Palmyra, Miss A. 0. Stuchi, Univ. Wis. Herb., 40.
Indiana: Millers, E. T, & S. A. Harper, 938.
Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kaufman, 59 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44971).
Iowa: Decorah, E. W. D. Holway.

[Vol. 7
186 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Missouri: Allenton, Letterman, 48 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5041).

Arkansas: Cass, W. H. Long, 19833 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
17807).

California: Campo Seco, W. H. Thomas, 3 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 86690).

Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 347, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54468); Ori-
zaba, /. G. Smith, 511 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 437).

56. S. abietinum Persoon, Myc. Eur. i : 122. 1822 (under ****
Stereum of Thelephora); Fries, Obs. Myc. i: 274. 1815, and
ed. 2, 1824; Epicr. 552. 1838; Hym. Eur. 643. 1874; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 574. 1888. Plate 5, fig. 56.

Thelephora ahietina Persoon, Syn. Fung. 573. 1801; Fries,
Syst. Myc. i : 442. 1821. — Hymenochaete abietina (Fers.) Mas-
see, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 115. 1890. — Thelephora stri-
ata Schrader, Spic. Fl. Germ. 186. 1794. — Stereum striatum
Schrader ex Fries, Epicr. 551. 1838; Hym. Eur. 641. 1874;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:565. 1888. — Lloydella striata (Schrad.)
Bresadola in Lloyd, Myc. Writ. i. Myc. Notes 6:51. 1901.
— Stereum glaucescens Fries, Hym. Eur. 644. 1874; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 575. 1888. — Hy7nenochaete fimbriata Ellis & Ever-
hart. Jour. Myc. i : 149. 1885; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 599. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 113. 1890. — Hymenochaete
abnormis Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Kept. 42 : 126. pi. 1. f. 13-16.
1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 227. 1891.

Illustrations: Istvanffi, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. 2g: pi. 6. f. 16, 17;
Patouillard, Essai Tax. Hym. 72; Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept.
42: pi. l.f. 13-16.

Fructification coriaceous-spongy, dry, thick, resupinate,
effused, rarely reflexed, with upper side tomentose, obscurely
zonate, burnt umber, tuberculate or uneven; hymenium varying
from light drab to cinereous or glaucous; in structure 400-900 m
thick, of which the intermediate layer and the hymenium
together constitute 300-600 m; intermediate layer composed of
longitudinally arranged and interwoven colored hyphae 3-3|
M in diameter and bordered on its outer side by a darker, denser
zone which connects it with the tomentose covering; hymenial

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

187

Fig. 28. S. ahietinum.. Section X
68; crust-like zone, z; hymenium con-
taining colored cystidia, h; cystidium, c,
and spores, s, X 488.

layer becoming zonateand con-
taining numerous colored cys-
tidia having more or less the
appearance of colored conduct-
ing organs; cystidia colored,
cylindric, obtuse, even, rough-
walled or more or less incrusted,
90-1 50 X 6-8 IX, protruding up to
60 m; spores hyaline, even, flat-
tened on one side, 9-13X4-5 ix.

Resupinate specimens 2-8 X
2-5 cm., reflexed margin 3-8
mm. broad.

On wood and logs of Ahies
and Pinus. New Hampshire
to Washington and in Europe.
June to October. Rare.

S. ahietinum usually occurs resupinate, but its thick, separable,
felty fructifications are suggestive of a resupinate Steremn, and
this view is confirmed by the presence of the intermediate layer
when radial, vertical sections are examined. The cinereous,
pruinose surface of the hymenium due, however, to whitish,
cobwebby filaments rather than powdery grains, is highly char-
acteristic and shared only by the western S. rugisporum, as
are also the colored cylindric cystidia. S. rugisporum is sepa-
rated by its odor of anise, much thicker and more broadly
reflexed pilei, and presence in occasional collections of colored
spores imbedded in the deeper zones of the hymenium.

I have included Hymenochaete fimhriata among the synonyms
of S. ahietinum, but it may prove to belong with S. rugisporum
instead.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 1107.
Norway: Christiania, M. N. Blytt, type of Stereum glaucescens

(in Herb. Fries).
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 29; Upsala, C. G. Lloyd, 08521

(in Lloyd Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55497).
Finland: Mustiala, P. A.Karsten, in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ.,
1107.

188

IVoL. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Italy (?) : locality not stated, G. Bresadola.

New Hampshire: Crawford Notch, L. 0. Overholts & A. S.

Rhoads (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56342); North Conway,

L. 0. Overholts, 4553 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55633).
Vermont: Smugglers Notch, Mt. Mansfield, E. A. Burt.
New York: Cascadeville, Adirondack Mts., C. H. Peck, type of

Hymenochaete ahnormis (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.).
Wisconsin: Madison, M. C. Jensen, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

618.
Montana: Yellowstone Park, part of type of Hymenochaete

fimbriata from J. B. Ellis (in Kew Herb.).
Canada: Rocky Mts., Lake O'Hara, J. Macoun, 2.
Washington: Mt. Paddo, W. N. Suksdorf, 731.

57. S. rugisporum (Ell. & Ev.) Burt, n. comb.

Plate 6, fig. 58. '
Hymenochaete rugispora Ellis & Everhart, Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila. Proc. 1890: 219. 1890; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9:228. 1891.
Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructification coriaceous-spongy, dry, thick, effuso-reflexed,
finally umbonate along line of attachment to substratum, the

upper side tomentose, concentrically sulcate,
snuff-brown when young and remaining so
on the obtuse margin, elsewhere weathering
neutral gray, with an anise-like odor in the
herbarium; hymenium even, light mouse-
gray, becoming light drab ; in structure 2-3
mm. thick, with intermediate layer and hy-
menium together 800-1200 m thick and the
intermediate layer connected with the
loosely interwoven tomentose surface layer
by a dark dense zone, the hyphae of the
intermediate layer colored, 2-4 m in diame-
ter, longitudinally arranged and loosely inter-
woven, curving outward into the hymenial
layer; hymenial layer becoming up to 1000 m thick, zonate,
containing colored cystidia and sometimes colored spores 7^-9
X3-3| fx, even or rough-walled; cystidia colored, cyhndric,
obtuse, even, rough or granule-incrusted, 100-150X7-9 n, pro-

Fig. 29. S. rugis-
porum. Portion of sec-
tion X 488, showing col-
ored imbedded spores.

19201

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 189

truding up to 120 m, starting from all parts of the hymenial
layer and subhymenium; basidiospores as seen on basidia,
hyaline, even, 9-13X3-4| ^t, borne 4 to a basidium.

Reflexed portions 1-4 cm. long and wide, sometimes laterally
confluent for 6-8 cm.; resupinate parts of about the same
dimensions.

On dead Ahies, Picea, Pinus, and Larix. In Rocky Mt.
states and British Columbia to Arizona. July to September.

Reflexed specimens of S. rugisporum may be recognized by
their thick, felty, or spongy pilei, deeply concentrically sulcate,
and snuff-brown or partly gray in color, with a whitish, pruinose
hymenium, and an odor of anise; collections so far made indicate
that this species is restricted to conifers of mountainous regions.
Microscopic examination of sections shows characteristic cy-
lindric, colored cystidia, which in the subhymenium and the
deeper zones of the hymenium are not readily distinguishable
from such colored conducting organs as occur in many species
of Stereum. There is, however, no record of bleeding from
wounds of the hymenium of S. rugisporum and S. abietinum.
The type specimen of S. rugisporum contains colored spores,
usually even, but occasionally rough-walled, imbedded in the
deeper zones of the hymenium; similar spores occur in some, but
not all, of the collections cited below, but the collections are so
similar in other characters that I regard these colored imbedded
spores as an important, occasional character of the species, which
will positively identify some collections.

The type of Hymenochaete fimhriata was collected in Yellow-
stone Park, Montana, on Pinus Murray ana; the specimen is
wholly resupinate and does not show colored, imbedded spores
in the preparations which I preserved. I regarded this specimen
as not specifically distinct from S. abietinum, but the type
station of H. fimbriata makes me uncertain as to whether the
latter may not yet be demonstrated to be resupinate S. rugis-
porum instead. When so demonstrated, the specific name
fimbriatum should be used for the species because of earlier
publication.

Specimens examined:
Wyoming: Fox Park, /. R. Weir, 10009 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55788).

[Vol. 7
190 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Colorado: Silverton, E. R. Hodson, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

1551; Tolland, L. 0. Overholts, 1781, 2336 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56042, 56761); Yankee Doodle Lake, F. J.

Seaver & E. Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56729).
Idaho: Bonanza, G. G. Hedgcock, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

2168 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10377); Coolin, /. R. Weir,

11476 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56724); Leesburg, F. S.

Wolpert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 7033 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55463); Priest River, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R.

Weir, 11655 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56725).
British Columbia: J. Macoun, 94, type (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb.).
Washington: Olympic Mts., T. C. Frye, 1 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56730); Seattle, W. A.

Murrill, 130, 146 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56731, 56732) and J. M. Grant, 2066, comm.

by C. G. Lloyd (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56728).
Arizona: Agassiz, W. H. Long, 19445 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44734); Mt. Humphrey, Flagstaff, W. H. Long, 21306-

21308, 21310 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54897-54899,
54901); Interior Basin, San Francisco Peaks, W. H. Long,

21309, 21311 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54900, 54902).

58. S. ambiguum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 47: 145.
1894; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 122. 1895. Plate 5, fig. 57.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, dry, resupinate, effused, rarely nar-
rowly reflexed, with the upper side tomentose. Front's brown,
the resupinate margin often brighter colored, antique brown,
determinate; hymenium velvety, raw umber to Saccardo's
umber when mature and thick, becoming deeply cracked in
drying; in structure 600-1400 ju thick, with an intermediate
layer 400-600 /x broad, composed of longitudinally interwoven,
colored hyphae 3-4 m in diameter, and with a zonate hymenial
layer up to 800 n thick containing colored incrusted cystidia in
all the zones; sections darkened by KHO solution; cystidia
colored, cylindric, obtuse, usually incrusted, 100-150X7-12 n,
protruding up to 100 n; basidiospores white in spore collection.

1920]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

191

_4i

^2

ju; colored
yu sometimes
zones of the

Fig. 30. S. amhigxmm. Section of
hymenial region X 68; peripheral part
of cystidium, c, and spores, s, X 650.

even, 10-13 X3f
spores 12X3M
occur in deeper
hymenium.

Resupinate part 1-8 cm. long,
1-4 cm. wide, reflexed part 1-5
mm. broad in the only reflexed
specimen known.

On logs of Abies and, perhaps,
Pinus Strobus. Vermont and
New York. June to November.
Very rare.

S. ambiguum belongs in the
group of species with S. abietinum
and S. rugisporum on account

of similarity in microscopic structure including the colored
cystidia. It may be separated from both these species at sight
by the color of its hymenium which is permanently umber and
not at all cinereous nor glaucous. There is a difference in
chemical composition also, for dilute potassic hydrate solution
blackens the sections and becomes itself discolored as in the
case of species of Hymenochaete. In fact, the general aspect
of resupinate, thick, mature, deeply cracked specimens is very
like that of Hymenochaete spreta — a species which occurs only
exceptionally on a coniferous substratum. It is possible that
S. ambiguum occurs in reflexed form in the state of Washing-
ton, for the collection cited under S. rugisporum, Olympic
Mts., T. C. Frye, 1, resembles S. ambiguum but is not quite in
perfect enough condition for confident reference here.

Specimens examined:
Vermont: Middlebury, C. G. Lloyd, 10652 (in Lloyd Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 44585); Ripton, E. A. Burt; Smug-
glers Notch, Mt. Mansfield, E. A. Burt.
New York: Adirondack Mts., C. H. Peck, type (in N. Y. State
Mus. Herb.) ; Averyville, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55699).

59. S. umbrinum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i: 164. 1873;
Wakefield, Kew Bui. 1915:369. 1915. — CoTd^SiXQ Stereumumbri-

[Vol. 7
192 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

num Fries in Lehmann, Plantae Preissianae 2: 137. 1847.

Plate 6, fig. 59.
Thelephora crassa Leveille in Gaudichaud, Voyage Bonite Bot.
i: 190. pL 139. f. 1. 1846. Not Stereum crassum Fries, R.
Soc. Sci. Upsal. Actis III. i: 111. 1851. — Hymenochaete
crassa (Lev.) Berkeley in Cooke, Grevillea 8: 148. 1880; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 597. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 114. 1890. — H. umbrina Berk. & Curtis in Cooke, Gre-
villea 8: 148. 1880; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist.
Jour. 10: 198. 1888; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 598. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 113. 1890. — H. vinosa (Berk.)
Cooke, Grevillea 8:149. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:600.
1888. — H. muliispinulosa Peck, Bot. Gaz. 7: 54. 1882; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 600. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:
108. 1890. — H. scahriseta Cooke in Ravenel, Fungi Am.,
717. 1882; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 113. pi. 6.f. 7.
1890. — Lloydella scahriseta (Cooke) v. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad.
Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1580. 1906. — Hymenochaete pur-
purea Cooke & Morgan in Cooke, Grevillea 11: 106. 1883;
Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 198. 1888; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 597. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:

115. 1890. — Knieffia purpurea (Cooke & Morg.) Bresadola,
Ann. Myc. i : 100. 1903. — Peniophora intermedia Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 143. 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 238. 189L
— Hymenochaete Kalchhrenneri Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:

116. 1890; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 230. 1891.
Illustrations: Gaudichaud, Voyage Bonite Bot. pi. 139. f. 1;

Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: pi. 5.f. 7.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous-spongy, resupinate, effused, often
becoming reflexed, light vinaceous lilac to dark lavender when
young, at length brownish drab to snuff-brown, the upper surface
spongy, pitted, somewhat sulcate, the reflexed margin thick,
entire; hymenium even, somewhat velvety, sometimes cracking
in drying, light vinaceous lilac to snuff -brown; in structure
500-1000 At thick, composed of loosely interwoven, slightly
colored hyphae 3|-5 ^ in diameter, not forming an intermediate
layer; in the subhymenial region thick-walled organs 5-6 ^
in diameter, darker colored than the hyphae, originate among the

1920]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

193

Fig. 31. S. umhrinum. Section of hyme-
nial region X 488, showing z, cystidia.

hyphae and curve outward
through the hymenium
as sharp-pointed cystidia,
even, rough-walled, or in-
crusted, 100-200X6-10 Ai,
protruding up to 40 /x; spores
white in spore collection,
even, 6X3| ix.

Resupinate on areas 1-3
cm. in diameter, becoming
laterally confluent for 10-15
cm., reflexed portion 2-5
mm. broad.

On fallen limbs of oak,
hickory, and other fron-
dose species. North Caro-
lina to Texas and south-
ward from Ohio and Illinois, in Arizona, West Indies, and
Central America; occurs also in Poland, Cochin China, and
Australia. September to February, but collected occasionally
in the other months of the year.

S. umhrinum may be recognized by the purple color of young
specimens which fades or changes finally to snuff-brown, al-
though usually showing a vinaceous tinge, and by its remarkable
cystidia, which, on account of their color and lack of conspicuous
incrustation, verge towards setae. However, these organs are
paler colored and much more elongated than undoubted setae;
furthermore, sections of fructifications in which these colored
cystidia are present do not immediately darken when dilute
potassium hydrate is brought in contact with them, as inva-
riably happens to sections containing true setae. It has seemed
best to retain for this species the name Stereum umhrinum B. &
C, because the type of Stereum umhrinum Fr., Herb. Preiss.,
No. 2686, collected in Australia on Banksia Menziesii, must be
found and studied to complete the Friesian description before it
can be known whether the Preiss specimen is not really a
Hymenochaete, Eichleriella, Auricularia, or, perhaps, even identi-
cal with S. umhrinum B. & C, a common species in Australia.
The presence of a white, intermediate layer seems to preclude the

[Vol. 7
194 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

latter possibility. No. 2686 has not been found in the Preiss

series of specimens in the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium;

perhaps it is most likely to be found in the Stockholm collection.
Specimens examined:

Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 606 b, under the name Stereum
papyrinum, and 1108; Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2315;
Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2 : 36, under the name S. papyrinum;
Ravenel, Fungi Am., 118, under the name S. papyrinum,
the type distribution of Peniophora intermedia, and 445, and
717, the type distribution of Hymenochaete scahriseta;
Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 3524; de Thumen, Myc. Univ.,
1504, under the name Corticium murinum, the type distribu-
tion of Hymenochaete Kalchhrenneri.

North Carolina: Asheville, E. Bartholomew, 5653 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44215); Creedmoor, J. G. Hall, comm. by
Lloyd Herb., 10299 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55465).

South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, Curtis Herb., 1903, type (in
Kew Herb.), and in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2: 36; Aiken,
H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 445, and H. W.
Ravenel, 1716 (in Curtis Herb., 2308, under the name
Hymenochaete cervina); Clemson College, P. H. Rolfs, 1615,
1633.

Georgia: Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 117;
Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour, comm. by W. G. Farlow, GG.

Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 2134, 4857, and W. W. Calkins, in EHis,
N. Am. Fungi, 606 b; Eustis, R. Thaxter, 12 (in Farlow
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43931); Gainesville, N.
L. T. Nelson, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 427 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55624), and H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am.,
118; Green Cove Springs, G. Martin, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,
1108; New Smyrna, C. G. Lloyd, 192, 2122, 2134.

Alabama: Peters, 770 (in Curtis Herb., under the name S.
papyrinum); Auburn, P. H. Mell (in U. S. Dept. Agr.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5106); Mobile, E. Barthol-
omew, 5751 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44221); Montgom-
ery, R. P. Burke, 139, 150 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
21228, 44906) ; Talapoosa region, F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56598).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA, XII 195

Louisiana: A. B. Langlois, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 44650); St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois,
A, B, C, ag, and an unnumbered specimen, and in Ell. & Ev.,
N. Am. Fungi, 2315.

Ohio: A. P. Morgan, 11, type of Hymenochaete purpurea (in
Kew Herb.); Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 190, and A. P.
Morgan, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2626; Linwood, C. G.
Lloyd, 2261.

Indiana: Greenwood, M. C. Jensen, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,
2133 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22825).

Illinois: Christopher, C. J. Humphrey, 2133 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 42926); Genesee, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 824.

Missouri: Bismarck, L. 0. Overholts (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56716); Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 571; Pacific, L. 0.
Overholts, 3162 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5718); Perry ville,
C. H. Demetrio, in Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 3524; Pickering,
E. Bartholomew, 6^24 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55194);
St. Louis, N. M. Glatfelter, 1187, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.; Valley Park, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
44056, 44061).

Arkansas: Bigflat, W. H. Long, 19858, 19895 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 8965, 8883); Cass, W. H. Long, 19832, 19905 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8884, 8885) ; Womble, W. H. Long,
19821 in part, 19869 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14650, 9142).

Texas: Gillespie Co., C. Jermy, 444- (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5171); Gonzales, C. L. Shear, 1229.

Arizona: 34 near Camp Lowell, C. G. Pringle, type of Hymeno-
chaete multispinulosa (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and a
portion in Burt Herb.).

Cuba: C. Wright, Fungi Cubenses Wrightiani, 832, comm. by
W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43908), and C. G.
Lloyd, 165 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55153); Ciego de
Avila, Earle & Murrill, 607, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.; La Magdalena, Earle & Baker, 2470, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; San Diego de Los Bafios, Earle
& Murrill, 263, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 2389 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 9441).

Guatemala: Secanquim, W. R. Maxon & R. Hay, 3140a

196

IVoL. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Cochin China: authentic specimen of Thelephora crassa from

Leveille (in Kew Herb.).
Australia: W. N. Cheesman, comm. by E. M. Wakefield, Kew

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 44582); Victoria, /. G.

Luehmann, in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 1504, under the

name of Corticium murinum, the type distribution of Hy-

menochaete Kalchhrenneri.

6o. S. papyrinum Montagne in Ramon de la Sagra, Hist.
Cuba PL Cell. 374. 1842; ibid., folio ed., 9:228. 1845; Syll.
Crypt. 178. 1856; Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. lo:
331. 1868. Plate 6, fig. 60.

Peniophora papyrina (Mont.) Cooke, GrevilleaS: 20, pi. 124-
f. 9. 1879; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 641. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 140. 1889. — Stereum nicaraguense Berk.
& Curtis, Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. Proc. 4: 123. 1853; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 567. 1888. — >S. nicaraguae Berk. & Curtis in
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 183. 1890. — An Hymeno-
chaete pallida Cooke & Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 97.
1890? See Patouillard, Myc. Soc. Fr. Bui. 10: 78. 1894, and
Burt, Ann. Mo. Bot. Card. 5:367. 1918.

Illustrations: Cooke, Grevillea 8: pi. 124- f- 9; Australian
Fungi, pi. 11. f. 82.
Type: in Kew Herb.

Fructification coriaceous-papery, thin, pliant, resupinate and
widely effused, sometimes reflexed, rarely umbonate sessile,

the upper side tomentose, concen-
trically sulcate, drying snuff-brown,
weathering to cartridge-buff, the
margin entire; hymenium even, vel-
vety, snuff-brown to Benzo-brown;
in structure 500-600 ju thick exclu-
sive of the tomentose covering, com-
posed of longitudinally and loosely
interwoven, even-walled, pale-colored
hyphae 3-3| ju in diameter, which
Fig. 32. s. papyrinum. Sec- g^^g ^^eij. ^olor to the fructification,

tion of hjTiienium X 488, show- ,^ • , ^^ , ^ , i

ing cystidia and paraphyses. ^he intermediate layer not dense on
From authentic specimen. its upper side but grading irito the

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 197

tomentum; no conducting organs present; cystidia rather few
and scattered, heavily and coarsely incrusted on the peripheral
half, conical, 30-75X12-25 n, usually colored under the incrus-
tation, confined to the hymenium; slender, flexuous paraphyses
2| ju in diameter are abundant in the hymenium; spores hya-
line, even, 4|-8X3-4 n — but few found.

Resupinate on under side of limbs over areas up to 25X3|
cm., and reflexed along both sides 1-2^ cm.

On under side of fallen limbs of frondose species. Florida,
West Indies, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. October to May.
Probably corrimon.

S. papyrinum belongs in the group with S. umbrinum and S.
albo-badium; resupinate specimens of these species require ex-
amination of sectional preparations for accurate determina-
tion. The specimens which have been distributed by Ravenel
and by Ellis in their exsiccati as S. papyrinum are S. umbrinum.
In its reflexed stage, S. papyrinum is much more broadly reflexed
than S. umbrinum and is concentrically sulcate; its cystidia are
heavily incrusted and from 12 to 25 /x in diameter by 30 to 75 ju
long, while those of S. umbrinum are much longer in proportion
to their diameter and often can be followed from deep in the
subhymenium, taper so gradually and bear so little incrustation,
and are so uniformly colored that some mycologists have
regarded them as setae, although they do not satisfy the defini-
tion of setae. The cystidia of S. papyrinum are concolorous
with the hyphae under the incrustation. S. albo-badium has
cystidia heavily incrusted but smaller than those of S. papyrinum
and not colored.

On account of their structure, I have included in S. papyrinum
the Cuban specimens listed by Berkeley & Curtis as S. mem-
branaceum, for I find nothing to show that these specimens were
ever compared with the type of the latter in Herb. Willdenow
and collected on the Isle of Bourbon in the Indian Ocean; there
is nothing in the original description of S. membranaceum to
show that this may not be more closely related to S.fasciatum
than to S. papyrinum. 1 have referred to S. papyrinum, as um-
bonate-sessile forms, the specimen from Nicaragua distributed
in Smith, Central Am. Fungi, 94, and a collection from Cuba by
Underwood & Earle, 1584, which are cited below; these speci-

[Vol. 7
198 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

mens have cystidia of the minimum dimensions given for the

species and with less than the usual incrustation, as is the case

with cystidia of the type of S. nicaraguense ; perhaps these two

specimens are Hymenochaete pallida.
Specimens examined:

Exsiccati: Smith, Central Am. Fungi, 95 and 93 a and b, under
the name Siereum rufo-fulvum (Mont.), and 94, under the
name S. purpureum.

Florida: Adams Key, Dade Co., J. H. Small & C. A. Hosier,
6364, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Card.
Herb., 71448); Miami, W. H. Long, 18310 (in Mo. Bot.
Card. Herb., 55442); Palm Beach, R. Thaxter, 16 (in Mo.
Bot. Card. Herb., 43927).

Cuba: type, from Montague (in Kew Herb.), and C. Wright,
274, and 24-0, both under the name S. membranaceum (both
in Curtis Herb.); Alto Cedro, L. M. Underwood & F. S.
Earle, 1481, 1492, 1584, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb.;
Ceballos, C. J.Humphreij, 2726 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.);
El Yunque Mt., Baracoa, L. M. Underwood & F. S. Earle,
364 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56714), and 739, 745, and 1233, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.; Managua, Earle & Murrill, 32, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.; San Diego de los Baiios, Earle & Mur-
rill, 264, 356, 362, 367, 380, all comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.

Porto Rico: Espinosa, /. A. Stevenson, 2751 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 5554).

Jamaica: A. E. Wight, comm. by W. G. Farlow; Hope Gardens,
F. S. Earle, I4I, 165, 431, 494, all comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.; Port Maria, F. S. Earle, 467, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.; Troy and Tyre, W. A. Murrill & W.
Harris, 898, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; West-
moreland, F. S. Earle, 425 A, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.; San Juan, F. S. Earle, 62, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.

Mexico: Colima, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 637, 648, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54583,
54584) ; Jalapa, C. L. Smith, in Smith, Central Am. Fungi,
93a; Orizaba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 748, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54655).

1920]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

199

Nicaragua: C. Wright, 26 J^, type of S. nicaraguense (in Curtis

Herb.); Castillo Viejo, C. L. Smith, in Smith, Central Am.

Fungi, 95; Ometepe, C. L. Smith, in Smith, Central Am.

Fungi, 93b; San Juan del Norte, C. L. Smith, in Smith,

Central Am. Fungi, 94.
Canal Zone: Gatun, M. A. H. (in N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 56715).
Colombia: Bonda, C.F. Baker, 26.
Brazil: Santo Anna da Chapada, Matto Grosso, G. 0. Malme,

56 Jf., comm. by L. Romell.

6i. S. Earlei Burt, n. sp. Plate 6, fig. 61.

Type: in Burt Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructification coriaceous-spongy, dry, effuso-reflexed, with
the upper surface tomentose, snuff-brown, the margin entire;
hymenium mouse-gray and some-
what pruinose in the older portion,
snuff-brown and veined toward the
margin; in structure with the in-
termediate layer 150 ^ thick, com-
posed of longitudinally interwoven,
colored hyphae 3-4 ^ in diameter,
with the hymenial layer up to 200
/i thick, zoned, containing cystidia
in all its portions; cystidia colored,
heavily hyaline incrusted on the
outer half, slender-pointed, 45-60
X5-12 ^x, protruding up to 30 /x;
spores hyaline, even, 5-6X3-3^ m-

Reflexed portion up to 1 cm. broad; resupinate portion lat-
erally confluent for 8 cm., but a strip only 1 cm. wide removed
from the substratum.

In a wood pile. Hope Gardens, Jamaica. November.

Fructifications of this species have the general aspect of those
of S. papyrinum, but are thinner, more compactly inter-
woven, with slenderer cystidia, and have the hymenial layer up
to 200 M thick and composed of several zones; cystidia are
present in each of these zones, and those of the innermost zones
do not reach to the surface of the hymenium. In S. papyrinum

m:$^

Fig. 33. S. Earlei. Section of
type X 68; cystidium, c, and spores,

s, X 488.

[Vol. 7

200

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

the hymenium is a single layer of basidia, cystidia, and para-
physes. In the collector's note, the color is given as "violet
purple edged with white," but colors of dried specimens are as
given above.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Hope Gardens, F. S. Earle, 151, type, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.

62. S. ChaUletii Persoon, Myc. Eur. i : 125. 1822 (in
******>Sfere^^m of Thelephora); Fries, Epicr. 551. 1838; Hym.
Eur. 642. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 566. 1888; Bresadola,
I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3: 106. 1897. Plate 6, fig. 62.
Thelephora ChaUletii Pers. in Fries, Elenchus Fung, i: 188.
1828. — Xerocarpus ambiguus Karsten, Soc. pro Fauna et Flora
Fennica Actis 2^: 38. 1881. — Trichocarpus ambiguus Karsten,
Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48: 407. 1889.—
Hymenochaete ambigua Karsten in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 230.
1891. — Peniophora Atkinsonii Ellis & Everhart, Phila. Acad.
Nat. Sci.Proc.1894: 324. 1894; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 129. 1895.
Fructification coriaceous, nearly always resupinate, effused,
occasionally refiexed, with upper surface tomentose, more or

less concentrically sulcate when
well developed, hair-brown to
clove-brown, the margin entire;
hymenium rather uneven, not
polished, avellaneous to wood-
brown; in structure 300-600 n
thick, composed of somewhat
longitudinally and not densely
interwoven hyphae 3-4^ n in
diameter, some of which are hya-
line, thin-walled, and with deeply
staining protoplasm, and many
thick-walled, stiff, giving their
color to the fructification, and
curving into the hymenium where they terminate in cystidia;
cystidia slightly colored, roughened above, 50-120 X4-4| /x, pro-
truding up to 20 M, slender-pointed; spores white in spore col-
lection, ellipsoidal, 5-6X3-3^ m-

Fig. 34. S. ChaUletii. Section
of hymenium X 665, showing para-
physes; spores, s.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 201

Wholly resupinate specimens |-2 cm. in diameter, becoming
laterally confluent over areas up to 15X2 cm.; reflexed portions
1-5 mm. broad — up to 2 cm. broad in European specimens.

On dead Tsuga, Pseudotsuga, Abies, Picea, Larix, Thuja,
and Cupressus. Canada to New Jersey, in Wisconsin, in Idaho
to British Columbia and Washington, and in New Mexico at
altitude 7500 ft. Occurs also in Europe. Probably throughout
the year but most collections dated July to October. Infrequent.
*S. Chailletii occurs just often enough reflexed so that an
observant collector will soon locate his gatherings correctly in
Stereum. It is noteworthy by its colored cystidia of the same
type as those of S. umbrinum but of only half the diameter
of those of the latter, and by its occurrence on conifers of the
species named above, and by restriction in geographic range to
the northern United States and southern Canada and the Rocky
Mountain plateau. The avellaneous, somewhat velvety hymen-
ium is so uniform in appearance that when once learned this
species may usually be recognized thereafter at sight.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2904, under the name Hij-

menochaete simulans Ell. & Ev., n. sp., but description does

not seem to have been published; Krieger, Fungi Sax., 1202.
Norway: Christiania, M. N. Blytt, determined by E. Fries (in

Herb. Fries).
Finland: Merimason, P. A.Karsten, authentic specimen of Tri-

chocarpus ambiguus.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 24, 25, 341, all under the name

Stereum abietinum.
France: Arnac, Aveyron, A. Galzin, unnumbered spec, and 17948,

comm. by H. Bourdot, 7926, and unnumbered respectively.
Switzerland: Sachs, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax., 1202.
Italy? or perhaps Hungary?: locality not given, G. Bresadola.
Canada: Cow's Swamp, J. Macoun, 115; Dow's Swamp, J.

Macoun, 249 in part.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 57.
Vermont: Ripton, E. A. Burt, two collections.
New York: Beaver River, Adirondack Mts., G. F. Atkinson,

Bot. Dept. of Cornell Univ., 4607; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson,

14189; Syracuse, G. F. Atkinson, 677, part of type of

Peniophora Atkinsonii.

[Vol. 7

202

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi,

2904.
Wisconsin: M. C. Jensen, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2502 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5060).
Idaho: Coolin, J. R. Weir, 11133, 11527, 119^0 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56717, 56722, 56718); Kaniksu National

Forest, Priest River, J. R. Weir, 65,110 (the latter in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 13272).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 4-82,

510, 513 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 18282, 3771, 1739);

Sidney, J. Macoun, 81 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5887);

Squamish, J. Macoun, 533 {in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55186).
Washington: Bellingham, J. R. Weir, 7559 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55467, 55790); Stanwood, C. J. Humphrey, 7358

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20103).
New Mexico: Tejano Experiment Station, near Albuquerque,

W. H. Long & P. W. Seay, comm. by W. H. Long, 21313

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54884).

63. S. ferreum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:
332. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 586. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 197. 1890. Plate 6, fig. 63.

An Stereum areolatum Fries?
Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications corky, effused, usually resupinate, sometimes
becoming barely reflexed on the upper side and there drab,

nearly even; hymenium somewhat colliculose,
not shining, cinnamon-drab to drab ; in struc-
ture up to 1100 /x thick, with the intermediate
layer 500 fx thick, bordered by a darker zone
next to substratum and composed of colored,
thick-walled, somewhat ascending, inter-
woven hyphae 3-3^ fx in diameter ; hymenial
layer up to 600 ^ thick, containing in all parts
innumerable incrusted cystidia, minutely
Fig. 35. S. ferreum. rough, either colored throughout or colored
Section of hymenial under the incrustation, 20-25X5-7 m, pro-
sltr/o^^C'c^rTd trading up to 6 .; spores hyaline, even,
cystidia. globose, 4 /i in diameter, but few found.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 203

Fructifications 4-8X1-2 cm., margin reflexed 1 mm.

On bark of fibrous structure of an unrecorded species. Cuba
and Jamaica. Rare.

S. ferreum may be recognized by its resupinate, drab fructifi-
cations, rarely having a narrowly pileate margin, and by the
thick hymenial layer containing innumerable small colored
cystidia which at the surface of the hymenium have the colorless
incrustation roughened. So few spores were observed that it
may be they were foreign spores. S. ferreum is at least closely
related to S. areolatum, a European species occurring on Taxus,
and I have been inclined to regard it as not specifically distinct
from the latter, but we do not know^ yet that S. ferreum occurs
on Taxus or a related genus ; if not a strictly tropical species but
a synonym of S. areolatum, the lack of a northern range in
eastern United States is at variance with species common to
Europe and North America.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 199, type (in Kew Herb.).
Jamaica: Cinchona, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 4^8, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Sir John Peak, W. A. Murrill,
803, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

64. S. cinerascens (Schw.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:
179. 1890. ^ Plate 6, fig. 64.

Thelephora cinerascens Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S.
4: 167. 1832. — Hymenochaete cinerascens (Schw.) Leveille, Ann.
Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5: 152. 1846; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc.
Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 197. 1888. — Peniophora cinerescens (Schw.)
Sacc. in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 646. 1888. — P. Schweinitzii
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 145. 1889. — Corticium as-
chistum Berkeley & Curtis, Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. Proc. 4: 123.
1858. — Peniophora Berkeleyi Cooke, Grevillea 8: 20. pi. 122.
f. 4. 1879; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 642. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 144. 1889. — Stereum moricola Berkeley,
Grevillea i: 162. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 567. 1888.—
Peniophora moricola (Berk.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
25: 141. 1889. — Stereum dissitum Berkeley, Grevillea i: 164.
1873. — Peniophora dissita (Berk.) Cooke, Grevillea 8: 150.
1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 645. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc.

204

[Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

ii6: 791. 1907.
4. Letter 53: 14.

/. 4. 1879.

Bot. Jour. 25: 143. 1889. — Corticium ephehium Berk. & Curtis,
Grevillea i: 178. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 618. 1888.—
Peniophora ephehia (Berk. & Curtis) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 25: 151. 1889. — Stereum neglectum Peck, N. Y. State
Mus. Rept. 33: 22. 1880. — Peniophora neglecta Peck, N. Y.
State Mus. Rept. 40: 76. 1887.— F. occidentalis Ellis & Ever-
hart, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 24: 277. 1897; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
14: 224. 1900. — Lloydella occidentalis (Ell. & Ev.) v. Hohn.
& Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber.
— Stereum purpurascene Lloyd, Myc. Writ.
1914.

Illustrations: Cooke, Grevillea 8: pi. 12i
Type: in Herb. Schweinitz, Curtis Herb., and Kew Herb.
Fructifications coriaceous, often resupinate and effused, some-
times refiexed, with upper surface strigose-hairy, concentrically

sulcate, warm buff to pinkish bufT, weathering
gray, often laterally confluent, the margin
entire; hymenium minutely bristly with the
cystidia, even, drying pinkish buff to drab; in
structure 400-600 m thick excluding the hairy
covering, with the intermediate layer composed
of longitudinally interwoven, thick-walled hy-
phae 4-4| m in diameter; cystidia large, in-
crusted, thick-walled, often brownish at the
base, conical, 100-150 X 12-20 ijl, emerging up to
40-70 m; spores white in spore collection, even,
10-12X6 At, somewhat flattened on one side.

Resupinate portions 1-10 X 1-2^ cm.; refiexed
margin 2-8 mm. broad.

On logs and fallen limbs of Ulmus, Tilia,
Rohinia, Morus, etc. Canada to Texas, west-
ward to California, and in Mexico, Cuba, and
Brazil. Common. June to February.
Fully developed specimens of S. cinerascens may be recognized
by their narrowly refiexed, strigose-hairy pileus and hymenium
somewhat pruinose with the large, bristly, colorless cystidia. In
sectional preparations, these cystidia are usually slightly colored
at the base and more numerous and larger than in any other
North American Stereum; the spores are very large also.

Fig. 36.

S. cinerascens.

Cystidium, c, and

spores, s, X 488.

19201

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 205

Wholly resupinate specimens have merely a superficial resem-
blance to Peniophora, for they are loosely attached to the
substratum by the layer of loosely arranged, coarse hairs which
forms the strigose covering of the upper surface of a refiexed
specimen; the intermediate layer is well developed in resupinate
specimens, and the cystidia and spores are the same as in refiexed
specimens. It is surprising that a species so common and so
marked in its microscopical characters should have seemed new
so many times.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi CoL, 2337, 4648; Ell. & Ev.,
N. Am. Fungi, 2314, type distribution of Peniophora occi-
dentalis; Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 313.
Canada: J. Macoun, 1^5, 68, and another specimen comm. by
J. B. Ellis, under the name Peniophora occidentalis ; Lower
St. Lawrence valley, /. Macoun, 33, 34, 79.
Quebec : Hull, /. Macoun, Nat. Hist. Surv. of Canada, 359, and

J. Macoun, 52; Ironsides, /. Macoun, 282.
Ontario: Guelph, /. H. Faull, Univ. Toronto Herb., 669 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44916); Jefferson, G. H. Graham,
Univ. Toronto Herb., 673 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44922);
Ottawa, J. Macoun, 234; Toronto, J. H. Faull, Univ.
Toronto Herb., 651 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44947).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, six collections.
Massachusetts: W. G. Farlow, two collections.
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1312, and in Shear, N. Y. Fungi,
313; Cayuga Lake Basin, G. F. Atkinson, 3020, 8023, J;
Greenbush, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56020); Ithaca, C. J. Humphrey,
261, and a specimen comm. by G. F. Atkinson, Van Hook,
comm. by G. F. Atkinson, 7988; Knowersville, C. H. Peck
(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55755) ; Syracuse, L. M. Underwood, 5 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56709); Verona, C. H.
Peck, type of Stereum neglectum (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,
and perhaps a duphcate in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55754).
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweiniiz, type (in Herb. Schweinitz,

Curtis Herb., and Kew Herb.).
South Carolina: Curtis Herb., 5997, type of Stereum moricola
(in Kew Herb.).

[Vol. 7
206 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, 5694 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44220), and in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4648.
Florida: Cocoanut Grove, R. Thaxter, 95 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 43922); Miami, W. H. Long, 12951 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55102); Totten Key, P. H. Rolfs.
Alabama: Peters, 923, type of Corticium ephebium, 1004, 1007

(in Curtis Herb., 6050, 6088, and 6089 respectively, and in

Kew Herb.).
Texas: C. Wright, Curtis Herb., 3903, type oi Stereum dissitum

(in Kew Herb., and probably a co-type in Burt Herb., and

U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.).
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman, 25; New Richmond,

C. H. Kaufman, 64 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 19651).
Ohio: Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2590,

and A. P. & S. V. Morgan, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr.

Herb., under the nsune Hymenochaete imbricatula as deter-
mined by Morgan; Linwood, C. G. Lloyd, 3553, 02835.
Indiana: Hibernian Mills, Whetzel & Reddick, comm. by D.

Reddick, 2.
Minnesota: Cass Lake, J. R. Weir, 324 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

6968); Clearwater Lake, F. Weiss, 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56634); Wright Co., F. Weiss (in Overholts Herb.,

5367).
Iowa: Webster, 0. M. Oleson, 437 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44060); Woodbine, C. J. Humphrey & C. W. Edgerton,

comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 6535 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

14042).
Missouri: Creve Coeur, P. Spaulding (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5137); Upper Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56711).
Arkansas: Fordyce, C. J.Humphrey, 5778.
Nebraska: Lincoln, C. L. Shear, 1052; Pawnee City, C. L. Shear,

1016.
Kansas: Louisville, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi

Col., 2337; Rooks Co., E. Bartholomew (in Burt Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5011).
Montana: F. W. Anderson, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2314.
California: Bear Valley, near Olema, M. A. H. (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56591); Berkeley,

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

207

H. A. Lee, comm. by W. A. Setchell, 1020 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44304).
Mexico: Xuchiles, near Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 1181,

1213, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54590, 54591).
Nicaragua: C. Wright, 21 Ij., type of Corticium aschistum and

Peniophora Berkeleyi (in Curtis Herb.).
Cuba: C. G. Lloyd, 428 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55157); Alto

Cedro, Earle & Murrill, 515 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56291); Havana, Bro. Leon, comm.

by J. R. Weir, 10188 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56216).
Jamaica: Chester Vale, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 343, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Brazil: Matto Grosso, Santa Anna da Chapada, G. V. Malme,

572, comm. by L. Romell.

65. S. magnisporum Burt, n. sp. Plate 6, fig. 65.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous-gelatinous, thin, resupinate, becom-
ing confluent, free all around, with margin reflexed on the upper
side, probably white, drying pale pinkish
buff, hoary, the margin white, entire; hy-
menium even or with one or two broad
veins, setulose with the large cystidia,
drying pinkish buff ; in structure 300 fi
thick when dry, swelling to 1200-1500
fx thick when wet for sectioning, of gel-
atinous consistency, composed of loosely
interwoven, hyaline hyphae 2 /x in
diameter, not incrusted; hymenial layer
not zonate, composed of large simple
basidia 45-60x15 n, having 4 sterig-
mata 12 /x long, of hyaline, filiform,
fiexuous paraphyses 2-2| ^ in diameter,
not exceeding the basidia, and of coni-
cal, incrusted cystidia 45-90X12-15 m,
protruding up to 60 fx; spores hyaline,
even, 15-20X12-14/1.

Fructifications 2-6 mm. in diameter, laterally confluent for 15
mm., margin reflexed for 1-2 mm.

Fig. 37. S. magnisporum.
Cystidium, c, basidia, b, and
spores, s, X 488. From type.

[Vol. 7
208 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On dead limbs of a frondose species. Jamaica. December
to January.

S. magnisporum may be recognized by its small, whitish
fructifications, with narrowly refiexed or free margin, pale hy-
menium distinctly setulose with the large cystidia, and by the
very large spores. The large spores and basidia show relation
of S. magnisporum to Aleurodiscus, but the absence of granular
matter or of any unusual character of the paraphyses leads to
the belief that this species will usually be sought for among the
Stereums.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Chester Vale, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 328, type, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Cinchona, W. A. & E. L.
Murrill, 522, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

66. S. spumeum Burt, n. sp. Plate 6, fig. 66.

Corticium spumeum Berk. & Rav. in Curtis Herb, (in part);
Grevillea2o: 13. 1891 (in part — nomen). — C. ochroleucum, ''as
resupinate ambient condition," Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i:
166. 1873, but not Stereum ochroleucum Fries. — Not Corticium
ochroleucum var. erimosum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i: 166.
1873.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications spongy-soft, effused, resupinate, separable,
sometimes narrowly refiexed, the upper surface tomentose and
becoming cartridge-buff to pinkish buff in the herbarium, the
margin entire; in structure 400-1500 m thick, composed of
loosely interwoven, hyaline, thick-walled hyphae 3-4^ m in di-
ameter, sometimes nodose-septate, the intermediate layer not
bordered on its upper side by a crust-like or colored zone;
hymenium even, cream-buff to pinkish buff; no conducting
organs; cystidia incrusted, 36-60X9-12 m, sometimes protrud-
ing up to 40 M ; spores hyaline, even, 5-9 X 3-4 m.

Resupinate over areas 1-10 X 1-5 cm., refiexed portion 1-4
mm. broad when present.

On bark and wood of dead beech, oak, and other frondose
limbs. New York to Mexico. August to Januarj^ Rare.

S. spumeum is noteworthy by its narrowly refiexed pileus,
spongy-soft throughout, and without differentiation of its sur-

19201

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 209

face of soft, matted, interwoven hairs from the hyphae of the in-
termediate region, by its buff hymenium, and by its incrusted
cystidia. These incrusted cystidia and different aspect of the
fructifications afford sharp separation from S. ochraceo-flavum ;
S. ochroleucum and S. rugosiusculum have the general aspect of
S. spumeum but both lack incrusted cystidia, and S. rugosius-
culum has in its subhymenial region pyriform, vesicular organs.
S. spumeum is so frequently resupinate or very narrowly reflexed
that gatherings are likely to be referred to Peniophora.

Specimens examined:
New York: Hudson Falls, S. H. Burnham, 27 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54486).
Pennsylvania: E. Michener, 1864 (in Curtis Herb., under the

name Corticium giganteum).
South Carolina: Aiken, on oak limbs, H. W. Ravenel, 1772 (in

Curtis Herb., under the name Corticium ochroleucum,

"formerly C. spumeum^').
Louisiana: Baton Rouge, Edgerton & Humphrey ; St. Martin-

ville, A. B. LangloiSjE, type
Mexico: Guernavaca, W. A.& E.L. Murrill, 405, 413, 41 4, 498,

603, 520, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54520-54523, 56685, 55524); Cordoba, W. A.

& E. L. Murrill, 1214, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54592).

67. S. erumpens Burt, n. sp. Plate 6, fig. 67.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications corky, rarely resupinate, usually bursting out
from the inner bark as small pezizaeform, orbicular disks or cups
with elevated black margins and cinereous or pallid neutral gray
hymenium; these fructifications may become crowded as if
confluent, and then broken up into frus-

tules and remain attached by the under Vlll{/fillll(Jlil'/i/i'lMto^^^^^^^^
side to the substratum, or the margin on \K^''l(fi\i'}iP''m^
the upper side may grow outward so as fllPvim/V/^t'W^
to form umbonate, sessile pilei attached ^^'^^^' Wl/jffi^
by the umbo and lower side, with the ' '^ '

upper surface narrowly concentrically pjg 33. s. erumpens.

fiulcate, mummy-brown to fuscous; hy- Section of type, x 90.

[Vol. 7
210 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

menium even or somewhat tubercular, pallid neutral gray;
in structure 200-300 m thick, composed of ascending, densely
interwoven hyphae both colored and hyaline, the former 3| m in
diameter, with the tips arranged side by side in colored subhy-
menial zones, mark the 1-3 strata finally present; cystidia
incrusted, cylindric, 30-60 X 8-20 m, sometimes protruding up to
20 M beyond the hymenium, starting from all parts of the fructi-
fication; spores hyaline, even, 5-7Xl|-2§ m.

Fructifications 1-2^ mm. in diameter, refiexed 1-2 mm.
On dead limbs of alder, chestnut, willow, and other frondose
species. Rhode Island to Alabama and westward to Washing-
ton and Oregon. March to January. Occasional.

S. erumpens combines the characters of S. versiforme and
Peniophora cinerea; it is more constantly and distinctly refiexed
than S. versiforme, always has a gray hymenium, and has quite a
different mode of origin from the latter. In the type small
blackish bodies burst out from the bark, open at the tip, dis-
closing whitish hymenium, and then grow to mature condition.
Specimens at hand do not show how such a large resupinate
fructification as that collected by E. T. and S. A. Harper, No.
819, cited below, does arise, and I may be wrong in referring the
specimen to >S. erumpens. An important microscopical detail of
S. erumpens is the narrow olivaceous zone of colored hyphal tips
at the very base of the basidia of the hymenium.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 720, under the name Corticium

quercinum var. scutellatum.
Rhode Island: Lincoln, F. W. Collins.
New York: East Galway, E. A. Burt; Ithaca, C. J. Humphrey,

2568 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20784); Karner, H. D.

House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55210); New Scotland, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State

Mus. Herb., T 28, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54658).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 720.
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 959.
District of Columbia: North Takoma, C. L. Shear, 1043, type.
Georgia: Raleigh, R. M. Harper, 2037b, comm. by P. L. Ricker,.

and (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.^v

42597).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF jVORTH AMERICA. XII 211

Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle, 2301 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56292).
Indiana: Scottsburg, J. R. Weir, 5836 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55462).
Illinois: Glencoe, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 819, 937.
Arkansas: Fayetteville, R. R. Rosen, comm. by L. 0. OverholtSy

5117 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56358).
Montana: Missoula, J. R. Weir, 354 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

9435).
Washington: ^rewerton, E. Bartholomew, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4939).
Oregon: Grants Pass, J. R. Weir, 8701 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

36742).

68. S. sulcatum Burt in Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Kept. 54:
154. 1901; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 5. Notes 44: 619. text f. 878.
1917. Plate 6, fig. 68.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Burt Herb., N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Bresadola
Herb.

Fructification corky, rigid, resupinate or effuso-reflexed, with
the reflexed part becoming glabrous, bister, irregular, deeply and
concentrically sulcate; hymenium uneven or somewhat tuber-
cular, not polished, drying between light buff and pinkish buff,
assuming a reddish color where bruised; in structure 600-1500 yu
thick, with the intermediate layer
bordered by a dark dense zone on its /j|1'/llH!^(f/(A(flfi(i^ii
upper side, and composed of very iA((iil^'i''''*'A}iiiL
densely and longitudinally inter- W^ '
woven, hyaline hyphae 3-3^ m m b'|'^g|(f ?|l
diameter, the hymenial layer be- WwlfMlm^
coming zonate or stratose; no col- ,,7/111 .du.

ored conducting organs; cystidia fflMMfffil
incrusted, 30-50X8-12 n; spores i^d^lMWiM'MU
white in spore collection, even, sub-
globose, 4-6X3-5 fj..

Confluent over areas 3-15X1-8

r, ^ • o -1 rv Fig. 39. S. sulcatum. Section

cm.; reflexed margin 3-10 mm. of hymenial region X 90; cystidia,

broad. c, and spores, s, X 665.

[Vol. 7
212 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On logs and stumps of Tsuga, Abies, Picea, Taxodium, Pseu-
dotsuga, and Larix. Canada to Texas and westward to British
Columbia and Washington. May to November. Frequent.

S. sulcatum may be recognized by its brown, deeply and sharp-
ly and concentrically sulcate pileus, ruddy hymenium, incrusted
cystidia, and occurrence on conifers. Where the northern
hemlock occurs it is usually on this species. S. Chailletii is
found on conifers throughout the same northern geographical
range, but is much thinner and does not have as large nor
incrusted cystidia. In the older herbaria S. sulcatum is often
found under the name Stereum rugosum, to which specimens
w^ere erroneously referred.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 1935, under the name
Stereum rugosum; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 217, under the
name S. rugosum.
Canada: J. Macoun, 27, 32, J^3; Lower St. Lawrence Valley,

J. Macoun, 69a, 76.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 234, and in Ell. & Ev., N. Am.

Fungi, 1935.
New Hampshire : North Conway, L. 0. Overholts & H. H. York,
comm. by L. O. Overholts, 5033 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56350).
New York: Floodwood, E. A. Burt, type; Ithaca, G. F. Atkin-
son, 2023, 2617, 2636, 5072, 7889, 19398, and C. 0. Smith,
comm. by G. F. Atkinson, 8032; North Elba, C. H. Kauf-
man, 7 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21821); Pompey, L. M.
Underwood, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 217.
Louisiana: Lutcher, H. von Schrenk, 26 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 42637).
Texas: Houston, H. W. Ravenel, 113 (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.,

under the herbarium name Stereum tricolor) .
Wisconsin: Ladysmith, C. J. Humphrey, 1908 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 42917).
West Virginia: comm. by W. G. Farlow.
Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kaufman, 60 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 16403).
Montana: Gallatin National Forest, Spring Hill, G. G. Hedgcock,
comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2164 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
10399).

1920

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

213

Idaho: Kaniksu National Forest, Priest River, J. R. Weir, 4,

29, 58, 74, 82, and 102 (the last in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

16029).
Canadian Rocky Mts.: Lake Louise, J. Macoun, 3; Lake

O'Hara, J. Macoun, 7 ; Papiston Creek, J. Macoun, 8.
British Columbia: Yoho Valley, J. Macoun, 5.
Washington: Mt. Paddo, W. N. Suksdorf, 843, 844.
Oregon: Sumpter, G. G. Hedgcock, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

2570 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20460).

mfU

69. S. subpileatum Berk. & Curtis, Hooker's Jour. Bot. i:
238. 1849; Grevillea i: 163. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:585.
1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 192. 1890; Long, Jour.
Agr. Res. 5: 421. pi. 4I. 1915. Plate 6, fig. 69.

Illustrations: Jour. Agr. Res. 5: pi. 41-

Type: in Curtis Herb, and Kew Herb.

Fructifications thick, corky, drying rigid, very hard, resupi-
nate or effuso-reflexed, sometimes laterally confluent and attached
by the umbos, with upper surface concentrically sulcate, some-
what zonate, tomentose, cinnamon-brown, the margin entire;
hymenium even, light buff; in structure 800-1200 m thick, with
the intermediate layer bordered and
connected with the tomentum by a
denser and darker crust and bearing
on the opposite side a hymenial
layer which becomes multizonate;
hyphae of intermediate layer col-
ored, thick-walled, stiff, 3-3^ m in
diameter, densely and longitudi-
nally arranged; cystidia incrusted,
cylindric, 30-36 X 7 m, becoming col-
ored where buried in older zones of
the hymenium, at first sometimes
slightly aculeate; spores hyaline,
even, 4-5X3 n.

Fructifications with reflexed por-
tion 1-6 cm. broad.

T, • 1 , - , Fig. 40. S. subpileatum. Sec-

Perenmai on ogs of several .• L co u • i, * n

» vv-^" tion X 68; hymenium, n, crust-like

species of QuerCUS causing a pock- zone, z, cystidia of type, c, X 488.

siii'^

[Vol. 7
214 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

eted or honeycomb heart rot. North Carohna and Ohio to
Mexico, and in Cuba.

In general aspect S. suhpileatum is not distinguishable from
S. sepium and S. insigne; it is more commonly met with than
these latter species and with them occurs on oak logs, is also
tobacco-colored and sulcate above and has a whitish hymenium
which differs from the other species of this group by containing
cylindric, incrusted cystidia and only very rarely an occasional
paraphysis with its outer portion of bottle-brush or aculeate
form. Usually such paraphyses are not found in preparations
of the hymenium of this species. Occasionally preparations
may show young cystidia which are merely rough above or some-
what aculeate. One must not confuse S. suhpileatum with the
other species which have numerous and conspicuous bottle-
brush paraphyses.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 917; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 219;

Ravenel, Fungi Car. i: 30; Smith, Cent. Am. Fungi, 146.
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 1^.183.
South Carolina: Santee, H. W. Ravenel, type (in Curtis Herb.,

1007); Society Hill (in Curtis Herb., 1062).
Georgia: Vienna, C. J.Humphrey, 5228.
Florida: W. W. Calkins (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb., Burt Herb.,

N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 56759),

and in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 917.
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker (in Burt Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 5110); Montgomery Co., R. P.

Burke, 31 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 17137).
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois.
Ohio: A. P. Morgan (in Lloyd Herb., 2607).
Kentucky: Mammoth Cave, C. G. Lloyd, 2798.
Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 550; Marianna, H. von

Schrenk (in Burt Herb, and Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 42837) ;

Wicks, L. 0. Overholts, 3161 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5713).
Arkansas: W. H. Long, 12703, 18502 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44160, 44161).
Texas: Jasper, E. R. Hodson, 325, comm. by P. L. Ricker.
Mexico: Jalapa, C. L. Smith, in Smith, Cent. Am. Fungi, 146.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

215

Cuba: C. Wright, 515, the S. scytale of Fungi Cubenses but not
according to the type (in Curtis Herb.)-

70. S. sepium Burt, n. sp. Plate 6, fig. 70.

Type in Burt Herb.

Fructification corky, drying rigid, hard, resupinate, becoming
broadly reflexed, with the upper surface concentrically sulcate,
somewhat zonate, tomentose, sepia,
the margin paler and entire; hyme-
nium even, not, shining, between light
buff and avellaneous; in structure
600-1500 At thick— up to 3 mm. thick
in resupinate portion of Mexican
specimens — , with the intermediate
layer bordered and connected with
the tomentum by a denser and
darker zone and bearing on the op-
posite side a hymenial layer which
becomes multizonate; hyphae of
intermediate layer colored, thick-
walled, densely and horizontally ar-
ranged, 3-3| At in diameter; cystidia
incrusted, cylindric, 25-35X7 m, be-
coming colored where buried in the deeper zones of the hyme-
nium; paraphyses of bottle-brush or aculeate form, numerous and
conspicuous in the hymenial surface, cylindric, 12-25X3-5 m J
spores hyaline, even, 4X2^ m-

Probably resupinate over large areas, for fragments fractured
on three sides are 6 cm. square; reflexed margin 2-4 cm. long,
6 cm. wide.

Under side of rotten logs of frondose species. Pennsylvania
to Mexico and Colombia. Collected from July to December
but probably perennial.

The few collections of S. sepium which have been observed
have the upper surface of the pileus a httle brighter colored than
that of S. suhpileatum and the hymenium more avellaneous, but
I cannot certainly separate the former from the latter except
by the very numerous and conspicuous bottle-brush paraphyses
which are present, in addition to cystidia, in the hymenium of

Fig. 41. S. sepium. Hyme-
nium of type X 665, showing
cystidia, c, and bottle-brush
paraphyses, p.

[Vol. 7
216 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

S. sepium. The specimens of Mexican collections cited below
have larger size than those from the United States.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 1205, under the name Stereum

suhpileatum.
Pennsylvania: West Chester, Everhart & Haines, in Ellis, N.

Am. Fungi, 1205.
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson.
South Carolina: Clemson College, P. H. Rolfs, 1632.
Georgia: Vienna, C. J. Humphrey, 5229, type.
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 117, 188, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 11011,

54445), and 39 (in N. Y. Bot. Card. Herb, and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56760).
Colombia: Bonda, C. F. Baker, 21^, in Plants of Santa Marta,

Colombia, under the name Stereum illudens.

71. S. albobadium (Schw.) Fries, Epicr. 551. 1838; Mor-
gan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 195. 1888; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 579. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 194.
1890. Plate 6, fig. 71.

Thelephora albobadia Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig
Sehrift. i: 108. 1822 (in C. Corticia); Am. Phil. Soc. Trans.
N. S. 4:167. 1832; Fries, Elenchus Fung, i: 189. 1828.—
T. alho-marginata Schweinitz in Berkeley, Hooker's London
Jour. Bot. 6: 324. 1847; Lea's Cat. Plants Cincinnati, 66.
1849; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 539. ISSS.—Peniophora alho-
marginata (Schw.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 144.
1889. — Stereum hizonatum Berkeley & Curtis, Grevillea i: 163.
1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 582. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 178. 1890. — S. Coffearum Berkeley & Curtis, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 332. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 576. 1888.
— Hymenochaete paupercula Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 10: 334. 1868. — Peniophora paupercula (Berk. & Curtis)
Cooke, Grevillea 8: 150. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 645. 1888.

Type: I was unable to find the type in Herb. Schweinitz,
although it was studied by Berkeley & Curtis, Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila. Jour. 3: 221. 1856.

Fructifications coriaceous, thin, at first resupinate, orbicular,

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

217

Fig. 42. jS. albobadium. Section
X 90; cystidium, c, paraphyses, p,
and spores, s, X 665.

becoming confluent, sometimes becoming narrowly reflexed,
with the upper surface villose, varying from buffy brown to
Natal-brown, becoming somewhat zonate when reflexed about
5 mm., the margin entire and
usually whitish ; hymenium even,
somewhat velvety, bister or snuff-
brown, becoming light drab and
somewhat pruinose with age; in
structure about 500 /x thick, the
intermediate layer with a darker
zone on its upper side and com-
posed of loosely, longitudinally
arranged, slightly colored hyphae
3-3^ M in diameter; hymenium
30-45 /x thick, not zonate, having

incrusted cystidia 30-45X8-15 fx all confined to the single-
layered hymenium, protruding up to 25 m; branched, filiform
paraphyses 2 ju in diameter, becoming colored, are present also
in the hymenium, basidia simple, 4-spored; spores white in
spore collection, even, flattened on one side, 6-11 X3-4| m-

Fructifications 5-10 mm. in diameter, becoming confluent
over areas 1-2 cm. wide and 3 to many cm. long, and reflexed
2-5 mm.

On dead frondose wood and fallen limbs. New York to
Mexico and westward to Idaho and Arizona, in the West Indies,
and reported from Brazil. Throughout the year. Common.

S. alhohadium may usually be recognized by its brown, velvety
hymenium wdth a white border; with age the hymenium tends
to become more uniformly light drab or pruinose, but some
small fructifications in the vicinity are likely to show the original
color contrasts. This species has a wide geographic range and is
somewhat variable in coloration but is very constant in micro-
scopic structure; the branched, colored paraphyses are highly
distinctive.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 3688, 4784; Ellis, N. Am.
Fungi, 15; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 221, 449; Ravenel, Fungi
Car. i:29.
New York: Grand View, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

[Vol. 7
218 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Herb., 43009); Orient, R. Latham (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
16267).

New Jersey: Newfield, /. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 15.

Maryland: Plummers Island, C. L. Shear, 1276, 1277; Seven
Locks, P. L. Richer, 1007; Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1118,
1126.

District of Columbia: Washington, C.L. Shear, 1263-1266, 1402.

Virginia: Arlington Cemetery, W. H. Long, 12978 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55104).

North Carolina: Chapel Hill, W. C. Coker, 3849 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 56672).

South Carolina: Curtis Herb., 1924, type of Stereum hizonatum
(in Kew Herb.); Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. i: 29;
Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 449; Clem-
son College, P. H. Rolfs, 1637; Society Hill, under the
name T. albo-marginata (in Curtis Herb.).

Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col.,
4784; Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 221.

Florida: New Smyrna, C. G. Lloyd, 2089, 2104, 2132.

Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56764), F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5055,
56765, 56772), C. R. Hudson (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55568); McGeher (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56766), and L. M.
Underwood, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr.; Fayette Co.,
P. V. Siggers, comm. by A. H. W. Povah, 16 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 14849); Mobile, E. Bartholomew, 5752 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44257); Montgomery, R. P. Burke,
5, 29 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20914, 17071).

Mississippi: Ocean Springs, F. S. Earle, 181 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44311).

Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois.

Texas: Paris, C. L. Shear, 1234; Quitman, W. H. Long, 18448,
12081 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55105,55131); San Anto-
nio, H. von Schrenk, also W. H. Long, 21217 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 42577 and 55131 respectively).

Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 189, 594 (in Lloyd Herb.); College Hill, C.
G. Lloyd, P; Norwood, C. G. Lloyd, 2810.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 219

Missouri: Meramec, P. Spaulding (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5017); Perry ville, L. 0. Overholts& R. A. Studhalter, comm.

by L. 0. Overholts, 2723 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44293) ;

Upper Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54861, 56768).
Kansas: Rooks Co., E. Bartholomew (in Burt Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 5054); Stockton, E. Bartholomew, in

Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 3688.
Idaho: Bonner's Ferry, J. R. Weir, 592 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 36746).
Arizona: Phoenix, W. H. Long, 19030 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55106).
New Mexico: Cienega Springs, W. H. Long, 21525 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55155); Tyom Experiment Station, W. H.

Long, 21364, 21^08 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55107, 55108) ;

Tejano Experiment Station, W. H. Long, 21889, 21897,

21902 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55165-55167).
Bermuda: S. Brown, N. L. Britton, & F. J. Seaver, 1244 (i^i

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56273).
Cuba : C. Wright, • 247, type of Stereum Coffearum (in Curtis

Herb.), and 542, type of Hymenochaete paupercula (in

Curtis Herb.), and C. G. Lloyd, 423 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55159); Alto Cedro, L. M. Underwood & F. S.

Earle, 1492, 1590, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;

La Gloria, Camaguey, /. A. Shafer, 740 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56770) ; Managua,

Earle & Murrill, 11, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;

Omaja, C. J. Humphrey , 2746 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

14385); San Diego de los Banos, Earle & Murrill, 281, 302,

316, 353, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 2424, 6272 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 3607, 55090).
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 301, 309, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54432,

54483); Motzorongo, Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 992,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54597); Orizaba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 760, 761,

766, 769, 774, 779, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54627, 54631, 54628, 54629, 54610,

220

[Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

54645); Tepeite Valley, Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L.
Murrill, 4O8, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 54544); Xuchiles, Cordoba, W. A. &
E. L. Murrill, 1209, 1210, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb,
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54598, 54599).

72. S. heterosporum Burt, n, sp. Plate 6, fig. 72.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, thin, resupinate, orbicular, becom-
ing confluent, sometimes reflexed, with the upper surface villose,
bister, somewhat concentrically sulcate and zonate, the margin
entire, whitish ; hymenium even, somewhat velvety, bister, becom-
ing light drab and somewhat pruinose in the center with age; in
structure 300-500 n thick, the intermediate layer with a darker
zone on its upper side and composed of loosely and longitudinally
arranged, slightly colored hyphae 3-3| ix in diameter, many of

Fig. 43. S. heterosporum. Section X 90; hyaline cystidium, c, colored cystidium,
c', hyaline spores, s, colored spores s', X 665.

which curve into the hymenium and often become there as dark-
colored as conducting organs and sometimes incrusted; hyme-
nium 70-120 yu thick, becoming more or less zonate, with cystidia
incrusted starting from all parts of the layer, 30-35X6-7 ii,
protruding up to 15 ii, often colored under the incrustation in
the deeper layers of the hymenium; paraphyses filiform, 2 /^
in diameter, branched, numerous at the surface of the hymenium;
basidiospores hyaline, even, 8-9 X3| ij., borne 4 to a basidium;
ochraceous spores of the same form and dimensions as the
basidiospores often occur copiously imbedded throughout the
hymenium.

1920]

BL'RT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 221

Fructifications 5-10 mm. in diameter, becoming confluent
over areas 1-2 cm. wide and up to 12 cm. long, and reflexed 2-7
mm.

On wood and in crevices of the bark of dead limbs and logs of
Eucalyptus, oak, pecan, and other frondose species. Oregon to
Mexico. September to April.

Resupinate specimens of S. heterosporum are not distinguish-
able in aspect from the darkest colored specimens of S. alhoha-
dium; all specimens of the former which have been seen so far
have been bister or seal-brown, which is also the color of the
upper side of the pileus. Mature specimens of S. hetero-
sporum differ from those of *S. alhobadium in the much thicker
zonate hymenium which has cystidia in all parts of this layer
and many wholly buried below the surface; the deeper region of
the hymenium is dark-colored in the type because of the abun-
dance of dark-colored hyphal ends which are occasionally in-
crusted, and colored imbedded spores are as numerous as in
Stereum rugisporum, which has nearly the same geographic
range. I have not found colored imbedded spores in the collec-
tion distributed in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1116, which I refer to
;S. heterosporum on account of other distinctive characters of this
species.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1116, under the name Stereum

alhobadium.
Oregon: Portland, C. J. Humphrey, 6125.

California: Berkeley, C. J. Humphrey, 5981; Campo Mts.,
C. R. Orcutt, 2007, 2008, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.;
Compton, A. J. McClatchie, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1116,
and (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 56769); Claremont, D. L. Crawford, 1513,
comm. by L. 0. Overholts, 3325 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
21688) ; Santa Cruz, Dr. Anderson, comm. by W. G. Farlow.
Arizona: Coronado National Forest, G. G. Hedgcock & W. H.
Long, comm. by C. G. Humphrey, 2562, 2563 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 13070, 12811).
Mexico: Parral, Chihuahua, E. 0. Matthews, 3, and 27, type
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44282, 44420, 44106); Rosario,
E. 0. Matthews (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44110).

[Vol. r
222 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

73. S. versiforme Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i: 164. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 580. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 193. 1890. Plate 6, fig. 73.

Peniophora Ellisii Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 144.
1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 237. 1891.— An Thelephom obscura
Persoon, Myc. Eur. i: 146. 1822 (in **** Corticium)? See
Peniophora obscura (Pers.) Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti
in. 3:113. 1897.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications at first thin, effused, resupinate, adnate,
orbicular, becoming confluent, finally thickening, cracking, and

becoming narrowly reflexed and some-
what complicate and curling away from
the substratum, the upper side uneven,
plicate, somewhat fuscous or blackish;
hymenium velvety, Prout's brown to
bister, somewhat papillate; in structure
200-400 fx thick, composed of densely ar-
ranged, ascending and interwoven hyphae,
some of which are colored; hymenium
usually simple but sometimes with one or
two additional zones in some places, con-
ig. . . versijorme. ^aini^o; heavily incrusted, cylindric cysti-

Cystidium, c, and para- ^ "^ ...

physes, p, X 665. dia 45-75X12-24 ix, starting m various

parts of the hymenium and subhyme-
nium, wholly buried below the surface of the hymenium or
emerging up to 15 /z; hymenial surface velvety, with very
numerous colored paraphyses with bushy-branched tips; spores
hyaline, even, curved, 5-7X2-3 m-

Fructifications 2-10 mm. in diameter, confluent over areas up
to 7X1-2 cm.; margin reflexed about 1 mm. usually, rarely up to
2 mm.

On the bark of dead limbs of oak, chestnut, birch, and other
frondose species. Canada to Alabama and westward to Iowa
and Arkansas. July to February. Common.

S. versiforme is distinct among the Stereums by its Prout's
brown, velvety, or at least dull, hymenium, barely reflexed
margin, and colored, bushy-branched paraphyses, among which
are scattered large, incrusted cystidia. The presence of these

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 223

paraphyses, the location of the cystidia in the hymenial side of
the fructification, and the velvety surface sharply separate
wholly resupinate specimens of S. versiforme from brownish
colored forms of Peniophora cinerea.

Peniophora ohscura (Pers.) Bresadola, according to specimen
collected in Hungary, communicated to me by Bresadola and
compared by him with an authentic specimen of Persoon, is
strikingly similar to very young and wholly resupinate specimens
of Stereum versiforme. There is no European record that P.
ohscura ever has been observed reflexed or has shown any ten-
dency to become reflexed. In America, *S. versiforme is wholly
resupinate only when very young and soon thickens, becomes
more or less reflexed, and in well-developed specimens such as
that cited below, collected by Underwood at White Plains, N. Y.,
has but little in common with P. ohscura. For these reasons I
believe that the name Stereum versiforme should be applied to
American specimens until Europeans find their Peniophora
ohscura in a reflexed stage identical in its characters with S.
versiforme.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 606, under the name Stereum

papyrinum; Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 3209; Ell. & Ev.,

Fungi Col., 611; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 307.
Canada: J. Macoun, 8 in part, 70; on peach tree, /. H. Fault

(in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 55561).
Quebec: Hylmer, J. Macoun, 229.
Ontario: York Mills, /. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 322 in

part (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44933).
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55586).
Vermont: Ripton, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: Arlington Heights, E. A. Burt; Sharon, A. P.

D. Piguet, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55231); Waverly, A. B. Seymour, T 15 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 18098).

New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1139, 1304, i328; East Galway,

E. A. Burt; Grand View, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 42807); Ithaca, Van Hook, comm. by G. F. Atkin-
son, 8217; Karner, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

[Vol. 7
224 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54354, 54366); White Plains,

L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 5031).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, comm. by C. G. Lloyd, and

in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 606, Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 3209,

Fungi Col., 611, and de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 307.
Pennsylvania: Michener, type (in Curtis Herb., 4265, and in

Kew Herb.) ; Bethlehem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Schweinitz,

under the name Thelephora amphibola of Schw., Syn. N.

Am. Fungi, No. 726, but not of Fries); Carbondale, E. A.

Burt, two collections; State College, C. R. Orion & L. 0.

Overholts, comm. by L. 0. Overholts, 2661 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 11419); Trexlertown, W. Herhst, I4.
Maryland: Glen Sligo, C. L. Shear, 1050, 1095; Hyattsville,

F. L. Scribner, 90, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.;

Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1020, 1336.
Virginia: Fairfax, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.; Woodstock,

C. L. Shear, 1196.
South Carolina: Salem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Schweinitz, under

the name Thelephora bufonia of Schw., Syn. N. Am. Fungi,

No. 725, but probably not T. bufonia Pers., which is too

imperfectly known for recognition in Europe) ; Summer-

ville, C. L. Shear, 1227.
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56785, 56786), and F. S. Earle &

C. F. Baker (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56787, 56788).
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kauffman, 21 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 9808), and Abrams (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56789).
Iowa: Woodbine, C. J. Humphrey & C. W. Edgerton, comm.

by C. J. Humphrey, 6518 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20624).
Missouri: Concordia, C. H. Demetrio (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5030); Oran, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

42887); St. Louis, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

8725) ; Williamsville, B. M. Duggar, 478, 481 .
Arkansas: Bigflat, W. H. Long, 19783, 19898 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5921, 9138) ; Cass, W. H. Long, 19800, 19827 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 8636, 8886); Womble, W. H. Long^

1920].

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

225

Fig. 45. S. insigne. Sec-
tion of hjanenium of authen-
tic specimen X 665; bottle-
brush paraphyses, p.

19768, 19873, 19881 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb., 9143, 8964,
5920).

74. S. insigne Bresadola, Nuov. Gior. Bot. Ital. 23: 158..
1891; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 222. 1891. Plate 6, fig. 74.

Type: authentic specimen, probably part of the type, in Burt
Herb.

Fructification corky, drying rigid, hard, efi'uso-reflexed, the^
upper surface concentrically sulcate, somewhat zonate, tomen--
tose, snuff-brown to bister, the recent
growth at the margin paler; hymenium
even, pinkish buff to drab-gray and
pruinose; in structure 1500 m thick,
with the intermediate layer bordered
and connected with the tomentum by
a darker and denser zone and bearing
on the opposite side a multizonate
hymenium; hyphae of the intermediate
layer colored, thick-walled, densely
and longitudinally arranged, 3| ^ in
diameter; no cystidia; paraphyses of

bottle-brush or aculeate form, numerous and conspicuous in the
hymenial surface, cylindric, 25-30 X4-4| m; spores published by
Bresadola as hyaline, even, 4-6X3-3^ m — none found by me.

Reflexed 1^-4 cm., laterally confluent for 9 cm. in the Florida
specimen.

On oak logs. Florida, Venezuela, and Italy. February. Rare.

This species belongs in the group with S. suhpileatum and S.
septum and is not distinguishable in general aspect from these
species, but its hymenium contains numerous and conspicuous
bottle-brush paraphyses and no cystidia, while both of the other
species named have cystidia. The Venezuelan specimen cited
below was determined by Berkeley as Stereum illudens, from
which it appears distinct, for while the type of S. illudens, in
Kew Herbarium, collected by Drummond, 158, Swan River,
Australia, has bottle-brush paraphyses for its hymenial surface,
it has in its subhymenium elongated, cylindric, thick-walled
organs 6 ^ in diameter, up to 100 ii long, a little darker colored
than the surrounding hyphae and curving outward into the
deeper portion of the hymenium, which is not zonate.
10

[Vol. 7

226

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
Italy: Florence, Martelli, comm. by G. Bresadola.
Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 4846.
Venezuela: Fendler, 177 (in Curtis Herb.)-

75. S. durum Burt, n. sp. Plate 6, fig. 75.

Type: in Smith, Central Am. Fungi, 147, copy in Mo. Bot.
Card. Herb.

Fructification very hard, orbicular, attached by the center,
free or reflexed all around, concentrically sulcate, fuscous to

bone-brown, with a horn-like crust,
becoming somewhat shining; hyme-
nium even, not shining, between pale
drab-gray and tilleul-buff, somewhat
pruinose; in structure 2-3 mm. thick,
hazel throughout, and multizonate or
stratose, containing many scattered
crystals, hyphae 3§-4 n in diameter;
paraphyses of bottle-brush or aculeate
form, numerous and conspicuous in
the hymenial surface, cylindric, 12-15
X4-5 /x; no cystidia; no spores found.
Fructification 3 cm. in diameter,
reflexed 1 cm.

On dead wood. Mexico.
S. durum is much thicker, harder,
and more rigid than S. insigne and
not tomentose. The microscopic structure agrees exactly with
that of preparations from an authentic specimen in Kew
Herbarium of Stereum annosum, No. 99, collected at Neil-
gherries, Ceylon, and should be compared with the latter
when better known. For the present the development of a
pileus by S. durum, with characters as stated, is reason for
regarding this species as distinct from S. annosum, a resupinate
species of the other side of the world.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Smith, Central Am. Fungi, 147, under the name

Stereum ferreum.
Mexico: Jalapa, C. L. Smith, type, in Smith, Central Am. Fungi,
147.

Fig. 46. S. durum. Section
of hymenial region of type X
90; bottle-brush paraphyses, p,
X 665.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 227

76. S. frustulosum (Pers.) Fries, Epicr. 552. 1838 ; Hym. Eur.
643. 1874; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. lo: 196.
1888; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 572. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 199. 1890. Plate 6, fig. 76.

Thelephora frustulosa Fersoon, Syn. Fung. 577. 1801; Myc.
Eur. i: 134. 1822; Fries, Syst. Myc. i: 445. lS2l.— Thele-
phora perdix Hartig, Zersetzung. des Holzes, 103-108. pi. 13.
1878.

Illustrations: Cooke, Fung. Pests, pi. 20. f. 20; Hartig, loc.
cit.; Massee, Dis. Cult. Plants, 397. text J. 124; Tubeuf, Dis.
of Plants, 35. text f.ll, and 430. text f. 260, 261 .

Fructifications woody, resupinate, tuberculose, crowded as if
confluent and then broken up into frustules, sometimes grown
outward from place of attachment and narrowly reflexed or
with a free margin all around, the upper side black, crust-like,

Fig. 47. S. frustulosum. Section X 45; bottle-brush paraphyses, p, X 665.

concentrically sulcate, glabrous; hymenium convex, pinkish
buff to whitish and pruinose; in structure 800 ^ or more thick,
with hyphae densely arranged, radiating outward from the
place of attachment and bearing a multizonate hymenium in
which are great numbers of bottle-brush or aculeate paraphyses;
spores hyaline, even, 5-6X3-3^ /x.

Fructifications 2-4 mm. in diameter; margin reflexed 3 mm.
in the best developed specimen known to me.

On wood of oak logs and stumps in which it causes a pocketed
or honey-comb rot. Canada to Texas and westward to Oregon,
in Mexico and in Europe.

S. frustulosum may be recognized by its occurrence in small
convex fructifications of woody consistency, crowded together

IVoL. 7
228 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

on the under side of dry and hard oak wood or on the sides of
stumps. On the sides of stumps it may sometimes be found
reflexed. The bottle-brush paraphyses and many-zoned hy-
menium are good structural characters for confirmation of the
determination.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 1881, 4587; Ellis, N. Am.

Fungi, 106; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 7; Ravenel, Fungi Car.

2: 34; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 308.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 28; Upsala, E. P. Fries (in Curtis

Herb.).
France: Aveyron, A. Galzin, 13935, comm. by H. Bourdot,

26649.
Ontario: Carleton Place, J. Macoun, Ji-21 (in Macoun Herb.).
Vermont: Grand View Mt., E. A. Burt, three collections.
Massachusetts: Dedham, Hanna; Wellesley, L. W. Riddle, 14-
New York: Glasco, P. Wilson, 60 (in Mo. Bot. Card. Herb.,

54763); Ithaca, W. C. Muenscher, lU (in Mo. Bot. Card.

Herb., 56601); Palisades, P. Wilson, 62 (in Mo. Bot. Card.

Herb., 54761).
New Jersey: Alpine, P. Wilson, 8 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54764); Englewood, P. Wilson, 60 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54762) ; Hackensack Swamp, W. H. Ballou (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56599); Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in

Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 106, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 7, and de

Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 308.
Pennsylvania: Kittanning, D. R. Sumstine.
Maryland: Hyattsville, F. L. Scribner (in U. S. Dept. Agr.

Herb.).
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2: 34;

Clemson College, P.H. Rolfs, 1621, 1630, 1638.
Florida: Tallahassee, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi

Col., 4587.
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5079); Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 27 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 17875).
Louisiana: A. B. Langlois.
Texas: Denton, W. H. Long, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 1881;

Galveston, H. W. Ravenel, 36, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr.

Herb.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 229

Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 185 (in Lloyd Herb.) ; Loveland, D. L. James

(in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.).
West Virginia: Paw Paw, C. L. Shear, 1180.
Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd, 1685.
Wisconsin: Blue Mounds, Miss A. 0. Stucki, 30; Madison, W.

Trelease, 83 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44105).
Iowa: Webster Co., 0. M. Oleson, 450 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44062).
Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 443; Creve Coeur, P.

Spaulding (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44103), and E. A.

Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 7861); St. Louis, Miss C.

Rumbold; Valley Park, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44058, 44063).
Nebraska: Saltillo, C. L. Shear, 1051.
Kansas: Bourbon Co., A. 0. Garrett, 125.
Oregon: Portland, J. R. Weir, 597 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

36747).
Mexico: Tepeite Valley, Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L. Murrill,

411 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54545).
U. S. Northern Pacific Expl. Exp.: Ousmia, C. Wright, comm.

by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.

77. S. roseo-carneum (Schw.) Fries, R. Soc. Sci. Upsal. Actis
III. i: 112. 1851. Plate 6, fig. 77.

Thelephora roseo-carnea Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig
Schrift. i: 107. 1822 (under C. Corticia). — T. anthochroa Schwei-
nitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 168. 1S32, hut not T. anthoch-
roa of European authors. — Corticium lilacino-fuscu7?i Berkeley &
Curtis, Grevillea i: 180. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 621. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 143. 1890. — Stereum lilacino-
fuscum (Berk. & Curtis) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 5. Letter 68: 8.
1919.— >S. sendaiense Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 5. Myc. Notes 48: 680.
textf. 1015. 1917. — Corticium subrepandum Berkeley & Cooke,
Grevillea 6: 81. 1878; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 608. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 119. 1890.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Herb. Schweinitz, under the name Thelephora
anthochroa.

Fructifications coriaceous-soft, thin, usually resupinate, effused,

(Vol. 7
230 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

becoming confluent, sometimes with margin barely free, rarely
distinctly reflexed, with the upper surface tomentose, light buff
to pinkish buff, the margin entire; hymenium even, cracking in
a tessellated manner, not shining, light vinaceous purple when
3"oung, gradually changing to avellaneous when mature; in

structure 250-300 ^ thick, composed

,,, ^ , of somewhat longitudinally and

f ¥ ^l "^^'O n loosely interwoven, hyaline, thin-

jf // y \l if ^ Q walled, nodose-septate hyphae 2|-3

ji, II /I II \^\.^ ij ^ in diameter, not differentiated into

"%=& ^J'-Af V-V-^l ^-■' ^^ intermediate layer with a dark

\ f[ I ^Y \f or dense bordering zone; hymenial

'/ z, i' I jj II layer simple when young, with very

numerous and conspicuous, filiform
Fig. 48. 5. roseo-carneum. Par- paraphyses, colored above and with

aphyses of type, p; paraphyses, p', ij.u i„j4-- i, • i,j.

r 11 ^- /t^u a short-branched tips or bearmg short

oi collection at Ithaca, and spores, ^ ®

s, all X 665. lateral prongs on from 5-20 /x of the

outer portion of the paraphysis, the
paraphyses less conspicuous when basidia appear; spores white
in spore collection, even, flattened on one side, 6-9X4-5 Mj
borne 4 to a basidium on simple basidia.

At first forming little fructifications 3-5 X 2 mm., which become
confluent over areas up to 6X1^ cm.; margin becoming free or
reflexed for 1-3 mm.

On fallen limbs of frondose species. Canada to North Caro-
lina and westward to Wisconsin, and in Brazil and Japan.

Since >S. roseo-carneum is nearly always resupinate and does
not show in sectional preparations of such specimens a distinct
intermediate layer, its inclusion in the genus Stereum must
trouble beginners. Fortunately it is a species so unique in
structure that it may be determined wdth confidence. Most
collections are likely to show more or less of the fuscous-lilac
color, which is intense in young stages; the hymenium cracks
and has the aspect of Corticium evolvens in other features than
color, although of different structure; sections of S. roseo-
carneum show in the hymenial surface filiform paraphyses
branched above, as shown in the text figure. Such paraphyses
are present in only one of our Corticiums — Corticium roseum.
It is regrettable that the Schweinitz type was relabeled by Dr.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 231

Michener to conform to the name used by Schweinitz in ' Synopsis
North American Fungi' and the original label removed from the
specimen, but Schweinitz gives in the later publication the name
which he originally used.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 515 and 20, the latter under the

name Corticium incarnatum.
Ontario: London, /. Dearness, D945 k, refiexed specimen (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14251).
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, reflexed specimen;

North Conway, L. 0. Overholts, 5032, 5161— the latter

reflexed (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56348, 56349).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two collections, of which one

is reflexed; Ripton, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: reflexed specimen, comm. b}^ C. H. Peck;

Arlington Heights, reflexed specimen, E. A. Burt; Sharon,

A. P. D. Piguet, comm. by W. G. Farlow.
Connecticut: C Wright, type of Corticium lilacino-fuscum (in

Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb., 5610).
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1001, 1002, IOO4, 1072, 1321;

Altamont, reflexed specimen, E. A. Burt; Brookton, W.

C. Muenscher, 215 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56612)

Cayuga Lake basin, G. F. Atkinson, 3022; East Galway,

E. A. Burt; Ithaca, Van Hook, and H. S. Jackson, comm.

by G. F. Atkinson, 8247 and 14396 respectively; North

Elba, C. H. Kaufman, 13 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16987).
New Jersey: Newfield, /. B. Ellis, 2487, type of Corticium

subrepandum (in Kew Herb.), and in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,

20, and 515.
Pennsylvania: Spruce Creek, J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb.,

312 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44886); State College, L. 0.

Overholts, 2676 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5946), and L. 0.

Overholts & C. R. Orton, comm. by L. O. Overholts, 5041,

reflexed specimen (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56359).
District of Columbia: Rock Creek, C. L. Shear, 1352; Washing-
ton, T. Pergande (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.).
Virginia: Woodstock, C. L. Shear, 786, 788.
North Carolina: Salem, Schweinitz, type, under the name

Thelephora anthochroa (in Herb. Schweinitz).

(Vol. 7
232 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

West Virginia: Fayette Co., L. W. Nuttall, comm. by Lloyd.

Herb.
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kauffman, 13.
Indiana: Crawfordsville, D. Reddick, 9, 10.
Wisconsin: Palmyra, Miss A. 0. Stucki, 48-
Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, Hamburgerberg, G. 0. Malme, 75,

comm. by L. Romell, 330.
Japan: A. Yasuda, comm. by C. G. Lloyd (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55214), and part of type of Stereum sendaiense (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55448); Sendai, A. Yasuda, reflexed

specimen (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56247).

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN

Thelephora aculeata Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i: 149. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 523. 1888.

The type was collected on the ground in Santee Swamp, South
Carolina, in June. I had compared with the type a collection
made by Professor P. H. Rolfs, on the ground, Clemson Col-
lege, South Carolina, on June 18, and found this collection so
similar to the type in aspect, although smaller, that I referred
this specimen to Thelephora aculeata. I had not been able to
demonstrate basidia for the type nor for the Rolfs specimen;
now while working out the detailed structure of the latter speci-
men for pubUcation, I find globose, longitudinally septate
basidia 9 ^ in diameter, and hyaline, even spores up to 9X4|-5 m-
It seems probable that when there is opportunity to examine the
type again it may be found to have similar basidia and belong in
Tremellodendron.

Stereum arenicolum Berkeley in Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27:201. 1890.

"Resupinatum, effusum, crassum, rigidum, subtus tomento
ferrugineo molli vestitum; hymenio levi, glabro fusco-purpu-
rascente; sporae ellipsoideae, 7X4-5 /i (Berk, in Herb. n. 3822).

'On sand under trees, Vera Cruz.

'Rigid, thick, 2-3 inches across, attached to the sand and
probably decayed wood by a dense ferrugineous tomentum;
margin sometimes slightly upraised; substance pale cinnamon."

The above should be compared with S. crassum.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 233

Stereum cuneatum Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Letter 54: 7. 1916.

'Tileus cuneate, tapering to the base (2 cm. high), cut into
a few fimbriate segments. Surface pale, smooth. Hymenium
unilateral, pale yellow (honey yellow of Ridgway), smooth.
Cystidia none. Spores globose, 3^-4 mic, hyaline, smooth.
The plant grows densely caespitose in the earth, from a common
mycelial base. It belongs in Section 7 of my recent pamphlet
on Stipitate Stereums." Florida.

Perhaps the above is S. Burtianum or S. tenerrimum.

Stereum cupulatum Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles
Fr. 233. 1904.

Scattered or close together, orbicular, from resupinate
becoming cup-shaped, attached by a dorsal point, coriaceous,
rigid, hard; external face glabrous, not zonate, brown, the
margin entire or sinuate, acute; hymenium pruinose, even,
concave, dull cinereous, reddish towards the border; trama
compact, brown-umber; spores cylindric-ovoid, colorless, 6X3 m;
no cystidia.

Fructifications 6-8 mm. in diameter.

On bark of Prunus Dussii. — Forest of Buins-Jaunes. Duss,
212.

The above is a translation of the original description; the
species seems to be very near, if at all distinct from, Stereum
vihrans, which Patouillard did not recognize among the species
of Guadeloupe.

Stereum fragile Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 16: 179.
1900; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 187. 1902.

Fructification resupinate at first, becoming dimidiate, orbic-
ular, rigid, hard, more or less incised at first, the margin erect
and acute; upper surface plane, ochraceous russet, tomentose,
with some reddish and nearly glabrous concentric zones; trama
1 mm. thick, whitish, compact; hymenium plane, livid, becom-
ing purplish; cystidia abundant, fusoid, not colored, thin-walled,

40X10 M.

On decaying wood. Guadeloupe.

This fungus is very fragile and divides radially with great
ease. Its aspect is like that of S.fasciatum, S. lobatum, etc., but

[Vol. 7
234 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

it is easily distinguished by the violaceous tint of the hymenium.
I have not seen authentic specimens of S. fragile, but from the
foregoing translation of the original description, it seems very
probable that S. fragile may prove a synonym of ;S. alhobadium,
a species common in the West Indies but not recognized by
Patouillard among the species of Guadeloupe.

Stereum fimbriatum ElHs, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 6: 133. 1877.

According to the authentic specimen from Ellis to Cooke in
Kew Herb., this is a whitish, flaxy mass having no hymenium
and quite indeterminable.

Stereum Galeottii Berkeley, Hooker's Jour. Bot. 3: 15. 1851;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 574. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 176. 1890.

"Umbonato-sessile, parvum, convexum, rigidum; pileo cer-
vino velutino-tomentoso crebrissime badio-zonati; zonis hie illic
glabris nitentibus; hymenio cinereo-alutaceo. Galeotti, No.
6853.

''Hab. Caripi, Spruce; Vera Cruz, Galeotti; Xalapa, Mr.
Harries.

"Pileus 1^ inch broad, 1 inch long, subflabelliform, umbonato-
sessile, mostly convex above, slightly undulated, thin but rigid,
fawn-colored, clothed with velvety down; repeatedly zoned;
zones mostly very close and narrow, frequently forming bay-
brown, smooth and shining, alternating with paler fasciae.
Hymenium tan-colored with a cinereous tinge.

"Undoubtedly nearly allied to Stereum lobatum, Kze, but a
much smaller and neater species."

The type of the above should be compared with Stereum
versicolor.

Stereum griseum Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig
Schrift. 1 : 106. 1822 (under B. Sterea of Thelephora) ; Fries,
Elenchus Fung, i : 179. 1828. — Stereum porrectum Fries, Epicr.
548. 1838; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 579. 1888.

I have been unable to find any Schweinitzian specimen of this
species. It seems probable that the description was based on
the old stage of Stereum fasciatum in which the attachment is by

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 235

umbo prolonged into stem-like form. Such fructifications occur
rarely and are perplexing if not gathered in the same collection
with the usual sessile fructifications.

S. ochroleucum Fries, Hym. Eur. 639. 1874; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 562. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 184.
1890.

Corticium ochroleucum Fries, Epicr. 557. 1838. — Not Stereum
ochroleucum Bres. Ann. Myc. i: 91. 1903, nor Brinkmann,
Westfiilische Pilze, 49.

Type: authentic specimen in Kew Herb.

This species does not occur in North America and adjacent
regions although reported from time to time from United States,
Cuba, and Venezuela. Since I have not received under any
name specimens of the true Stereum ochroleucum from European
correspondents, this species is probably rare in Europe, and it
may help toward recognition of the species to call attention to
the specimen in Kew Herbarium.

The specimen is labelled:

''Corticium ochroleucum Fr.
Svex. Westm.
Maji — leg. Lbd."

This specimen agrees well with the original description; its
reflexed portion is 1| cm. broad, about 1-1 1/5 mm. thick as the
sections show in my preparation; the consistency is soft in com-
parison with S. hirsutum and the hyphae about 2| mm. in
diameter, granule-incrusted, and interwoven throughout the
thickness of the pileus rather than parallel and longitudinally
arranged side by side as in S. hirsutum and S. sulphuratum. In
other words there is not the sharply marked intermediate layer
which Fries regarded as an important distinctive character of
the genus Stereum, and this is probably the reason for his orig-
inally regarding this species as a Corticium although broadly
reflexed. There is not present a hardened crust or golden zone
to mark the upper side of the intermediate region, but instead
the hyphae become more loosely arranged toward the surface and
become the hairy covering of that side. No cystidia, gloeo-
cystidia, nor colored conducting organs are present; the spores
are hyaline, even, 4^-5 X 3 /x.

IVoL. 7
236 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

The American Stereum spumeum has aspect and structure very
similar to Stereum ochroleucum Fr. but differs by having incrusted
cystidia.

Stereum unicum Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 35.
textf. 556. 1913.

The type is in New York State Museum under the name
Thelephora speciosa unless relabeled to conform to the name
apphed by Lloyd. The type bears no basidia yet and is not
determinable as to genus; it was collected in Providence,
Saratoga County, New York, where I have been looking for a
fertile specimen when in the original locality occasionally in the
summer.

EXCLUDED SPECIES

Stereum acerinum (Pers.) Fr. is Aleurodiscus acerinus (Pers.)
V. Hohn. & Litsch.

Stereum acerinum var. nivosum Berk. & Curtis is Aleuro-
discus nivosus (B. & C.) v. Hohn. & Litsch.

Stereum calyculus Berk. & Curtis is Craterellus calyculus
(B. & C.) Burt.

Stereum candidum Schweinitz is Aleurodiscus candidus
(Schw.) Burt.

Stereum carolinense Cooke & Ravenel is Sparassis spathu-
latus (Schw.) Fr.

Stereum duriusculum, as determined by Patouillard in Duss,
Fl. Antilles Fr. 232. 1903, is probably Hypochnus pallescens
(Schw.) Burt, a species common in the West Indies.

Stereum Guadelupense Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 15:
201. pi 10. f. 1. 1899. According to von Hohnel & Lit-
schauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 753. 1907,
this is a Boletus overrun by a Sepedonium.

Stereum Haydeni Berkeley in Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27; 199. 1890.

The type, in Kew Herbarium, was collected in Ohio; it is
strictly resupinate, has its hyphae loosely interwoven from
hymenium to substratum, and has no characters which justify
its inclusion in Stereum as comprehended in my work. The

19201

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 237

hymenium is deteriorated but shows no cystidia; the species
may be sought for in Ohio as a probable Corticium.

Stereum insolitum Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 5. Myc. Notes 47: 665.
textf. 956. 1917, is a young specimen of Thelephora regularis
Schw.

Through the kindness of Professor McFarland, I have exam-
ined his portion of the original specimen. Most of the spores
attached to the basidia are as published by Lloyd; a few spores
are 6-7X5 m, rough-walled and still hyaline; occasional spores in
a preparation from near the base of the pileus are colored and
tuberculate-irregular.

Stereum. Leveillianum Berk. & Curtis is Tremellodendron
Leveillianum (B. & C. )Burt.

Stereum Micheneri Berk. & Curtis is Thelephora albido-
hrunnea Schw.

Stereum Mancianus Sacc. & Cub. is Aleurodiscus strumosus
(Fr.) Burt.

Stereum populneum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 47: 145.
1894.

This is known in resupinate form only and should not be
included in Stereum.

Stereum pruinatum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:
332. 1868.

This is known in resupinate form only and should not be
included in Stereum.

Stereum scriblitum Berk. & Cooke, Grevillea 7: 102. 1879;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 567. 1888.

The type collected by Gerard, 171 (in Kew Herb.) was studied.
This is the conidial stroma of Ustilina vulgaris.

Stereum seriatum Berk. & Curtis is Aleurodiscus seriatus
(B. & C.) Burt.

Stereum spongiosum Massee is Thelephora albido-hrunnea
Schw.

Stereum strumosum Fries is Aleurodiscus strumosus (Fr.)Burt.

Stereum subcruentatum Berk. & Curtis, Am. Acad. Arts &
Sci. Proc. 4: 123. 1858, is Aleurodiscus subcruentatus (Berk.
& Curtis) Burt, n. comb.; now included among American spe-
cies, because of collections received from California and Oregon.

[Vol. 7
238 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Stereum triste Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. lo: 332.

1868.

This is the conidial stroma of a Pyrenomycete and shows
young peritheeia under the stroma in the type in Curtis Herb.
Collection in Kew Herb., C. Wright, 252, has similar structure
but did not show peritheeia in my sections.

(To be continued.)

[Vol. 7, 19201
240 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate

PLATE 2

All figures of plates 2-6 have been reproduced natural size from photographs of
dried herbarium specimens unless otherwise noted.

Fig. 1. Stereum caperatum. Specimen collected at St. Martin ville, La., by A. B.
Langlois.

Fig. 2. S. hydrophorum. Specimen collected at Rio Mato, Venezuela, by M. A.
Carriker.

Fig. 3. S. Ravenelii. Type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 13.

Fig. 4. S. surinamense. Specimen collected at Consuelo, San Domingo, by N,
Taylor, 12.

Fig. 5. S. Burtianum. Specimens collected at Amherst, Mass., by P. J. Anderson,

Fig. 6. S. quisquiliare. From Lloyd's illustration of the type.

Fig. 7. *S. aurantiacum. Specunens collected at Port Antonio, Jamaica, by F.
S. Earle.

Figs. 8 and 9. S. diaphanum. Fig. 8 from type of S. diaphanum, and Fig. 9
from type of S. Willeyi.

Fig. 10. S. exiguum. Type.

Fig. 11. S. tenerrimum. Type.

Fig. 12. S. pergamenum. Type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3 : 25.

Ann. Mo. Box. Gard., Vol. 7, 1920

Plate 2

BURT— THELEPHORACEAE OF NOR! II AMERICA

1, STEREUM C.\PER.\TUM.— 2. S. HYDROI'HOIUTM.— 3. S. KAVENEIJI.— 4. S. SURINAMENSE.—

a. S. BURTIANUM.— 0. S. QUISQUIMARE.— 7. S. Al'RANTIACUM.— 8-9. S. DIAPHANU.M.— 10. S. EXI-

GUUM.— 11. S. TENERRIMUM.— 12. S. PERGAMENUM.

II

Vol. 7, 1920]
242 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate

PLATE 3

Figs. 13 and 14. S. pallidum. Fig. 13, specimen collected and determined by G.
Bresadola; Fig. 14, specimen collected at Blowing Rock, N. C, by G. F. Atkinson.

Fig. 15. S. elegans. Specimen collected at Mayaguez, Porto Rico, by B. L.
Santiago, 12.

Fig. 234. S. decolorans. Tj^pe.

Fig. 16. »S. radicans. Specimen collected at Grenada, by W. E. Broadway.

Fig. 17. S. 'pusiolum. Specimen collected at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, by J. R.
Johnston, 89.

Fig. 18. S. glahrescens. Specimen collected at Sumidero, Cuba, by J. A. Shafer,
13906.

Fig. 19. S. fissum. Type.

Fig. 20. *S. cyphelloides. Type.

Fig. 21. S. Hartmanni. Specimen collected at St. Kitt's, by N. L. Britton &
J. F. Cowell.

Fig. 22. S. craspedium. Specimen collected in Dutch Guiana, by J. Samuels.

Fig. 23. S. pelalodes. From C. G. Lloyd's illustration of the type.

Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., Vol. 7, 1920

Plate 3

BURT— THELKl'IIORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA

13-14. STEREUM PALLIDUM.— IT). S. EI,EGANS.— 234. S. DECOLOHAXS. — Ki. S, HADFCANS.— 17.
S. PUSIOLUM.— 18. S. GLAUUESCENS.— 19. S. EISSUM.— 20. S. CVPHELLOIDES.— 21. S. HARTMANNI.—

22. S. CRASPEDIUM.— 23. S. PETALODES

[Vol. 7, 1920]
244 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate

PLATE 4

Fig. 24. S. proliferum. Tjrpe.

Fig. 25. S. caespitosum. Type.

Fig. 26. S. fuscum. Specimen collected at Middlebury, Vt., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 27. S. rufum. Specimen collected at Middlebury, Vt., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 28. S. Pini. Specimen collected at Chocorua, N. H., by W. G. Farlow, 37.

Fig. 29. S. purpureum. Specimen collected at North Ferrisburg, Vt., by E. A.
Burt.

Fig. 30. S. rugosiusculum. Specimen collected at Creve Coeur Lake, Mo., by
E. A. Burt.

Figs. 31 and 32. S. Murrayi. Fig 31, old reflexed specimen collected at Grand
View Mt., Vt., and Fig. 32, resupinate specimen collected at Ripton, Vt., both by E.
A.Burt.

Fig. 33. S. saxitas. Type.

Figs. 34 and 35. S. styradfluum. Fig. 34, type; Fig. 35, specimen collected at
Auburn, Ala., by F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker.

Fig. 36. S. gausapatum. Specimen collected at Toronto, Canada, by T. Langton.

Fig. 37. S. australe. Type.

Figs. 38 and 39. S. rugosum. Fig. 38, specimen collected at Ithaca, N. Y. by
G. F. Atkinson; Fig. 39, reflexed specimen collected in Epping Forest, England, by
E. A. Burt.

Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., Vol. 7, 1920

Plate 4

36 4

BURT— TIIELKI'lIORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA

24. STEREUM PROLIFERUM.— 2o. S. CAESPITOSUM.— 2R. S. FUSCUM.— 27. S. RUFUM.— 28. S. PINI.—

29. S. PURin'RElM.— 30. S. RUGOSFIsriMM. — 31-32. S. iM(RH.\ YI.— 33. S. S.\XIT.\S.— 34-3.5. S. STY-

RACIFLUUM.— 36. S. GAL S.AP.XTl M.— 37. S. AUSTIJAI.E.— 38-39. S. RLGOSUM.

[Vol. 7, 1920]
246 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate

PLATE 5

Fig. 40. S. sanguinolentum. Specimen collected in Little Notch, Vt., by E. A.
Burt.

Fig. 41. S. sulphuratum. Specimen collected at Auburn, Ala., comm. by F. S.

Earle.

Fig. 42. *S. hirsutum. Specimen collected at Smugglers Notch, Vt., by E. A. Burt.

Figs. 43-45. S. fasdatum. Fig. 43, young effuso-reflexed stage, and Fig. 44, old
stage with attachment by umbos, both collected at Middlebury, Vt., by E. A. Burt;
Fig. 45, specimen collected at Formosa, Japan, by S. Kusano, IL 16.

Fig. 46. S. lobatum. Specimen collected at Lake City, Fla., by P. L. Ricker, 893.

Fig. 47. S. versicolor. From Berkeley's illustration of the type.

Fig. 48. S. rameale. Specimen collected at ArUngton, Mass., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 49. S. sericeum. Specimen collected at Middlebury, Vt., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 50. S. pubescens. Type.

Fig. 51. S. conicum. Type.

Fig. 52. S. vibrans. Specimen collected at Rose Hill, Jamaica, by F. S. Earle, 303.

Fig. 53. S. radiatum. Specimen collected at Harraby, Ontario, by E. T. &. S. A.
Harper, 636.

Fig. 54. S. patelliforme. Type.

Fig. 55. S. ochraceo-flavum. Specimen collected at]^ Albany, N. Y., by H. D.
House.

Fig. 56. S. aUetinum. Specimen collected at Smugglers Notch, Vt., by E. A.

Burt.
Fig. 57. S. ambiguum. Specimen collected at Ripton, Vt., by E. A. Burt.

Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., Vol. 7, 1920

Plate 5

BURT— TllELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA

40. STEREUM SANGUINOLENTUM.— 41. S. SULPHURATUM. — 12. S. HIRSUTLM. — 13-4-,. S. FASCIA-

TUM.— 46. S. I.OBATUM.— 47. S. VERSICOLOR.— 4S. H. R.AME.VLE.— 49. S. 8ERICEUM.— 50. S. PIBE-

SCENS.— 51. S. CONICCM.— 52. S. VIBRAN.S.— 5:*. S. HAl)I.\TrM.— 54. S. P.ATKLI.IFORME.— 55. S.

OCIIRACEO-FLAVU.M.— 5C. S. ABIETINLM.— 57. S. AMHICU LM.

[Vol. 7, 1920]
248 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate

PLATE 6

Fig. 58. S. rugisporum. Specimen collected at Flagstaff, Ariz., by W. H. Long,
21307.

Fig. 59. S. umbrinum. Specimen reflexed on both sides, collected at Valley Park,
Mo., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 60. S. papyrinum. Specimen on imder side of a small limb and reflexed on
both sides, collected at Alto Cedro, Cuba, by Underwood & Earle, 1481.

Fig. 61. S. Earlei. Type.

Fig. 62. S. Chailletii. Reflexed specimen collected at Albuquerque, N. M., by
W. H. Long & P. W. Seay, 21313.

Fig. 63. S. ferreum. Reflexed specimen collected at Cinchona, Jamaica, by W. ^
A. & E. L. Murrill, 458.

Fig. 64. S. cinerascens. Specimens collected at Middlebury, Vt., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 65. S. magnisporum. Type.

Fig. 66. S. spumeum. Specimen collected at Cordoba, Mexico, by W. A. & E. L.
Murrill, 1214.

Fig. 67. S. erumpens. Type.

Fig. 68. S. sulcatum. Type.

Fig. 69. S. subpileatum. Specimen collected at St. Martinville, La., by A. B.
Langlois.

Fig. 70. S. sepium. Type.

Fig. 71. S. albobadium. Specimen collected at Seven Locks, Md., by P. L. Ricker,
1007.

Fig. 72. S. heterosporum. Type.

Fig. 73. S. versiforme. Specimen collected at White Plains, N. Y. by L. M.
Underwood.

Fig. 74. S. insigne. Specimen collected in Florida by C. G. Lloyd, 4846.

Fig. 75. S. durum. Type.

Fig. 76. S. frustulosum. Specimens collected at Creve Coeur, Mo., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 77. S. roseo-carneum. Specimen collected at Arhngton Heights, Mass., by
E. A. Burt.

Ann. Mo. Bot. G.\rd., ^'oL. 7, 1920

Plate 0

BURT— TlIELEriiOUACEAE (JF NOK'lII .VMlilMCA

58. STEREUM RUGISPORUM.— 59. S. I'MBRINUM.— 60. S. P.\PVUI\rM.— 01. S. K.VHI.i;].— 02. S.
CHAILLETII.— <33. S. FERREUM.— (>4. 8. CINERASOENS.— 65. S. MAGNISPOUUM.— 60. S. SPUMEUM.—
67. S. ERUMPENS.— 68. S. SULCATUM.— 09. S. SUBPILEATUM.— 70. S. SEPIUM.— 71. S. ALBOBADIUM.
—72. S. HETEROSPORUM.— 73. S. VICRSIFORME.— 74. S. INSIGNE.— 75 S. DURUM.— 76. S. FRUSTU-

l.osiM.— 77. S. ROSEO-CARNEUM.

-y- h':

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