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EN u du | nun HORN AANV AIEN DON Vay pee a NG HU Ih a Lan à N LI 1 H (UK A AIA i) i) DOC In (NE MAA IN} LUI \ 4 4 #7 | yh) vedanta) RCI à NN RETOUR UE i | i KH IN i i A 154 MACAO IRA A AM N a RL he ort IN DI LIA us air jo, ve tee AN Rus Suiits et AA je: LÉ n TOL AO aS x n SO an sais Ne adts x DI 4 RES UNI Yin ‘ Mate wy 44 ves Jer} RE AU N N vr. c NA the RISE wir Fu N“ ‘ 1 ‘ Ê NE 4 i 4 DOC OIL Seht LR pei "Galas Nu N Li ue SITE » id es in sory LA PA IRR I: ELSE UNE (Ob a : x ne Er al teln tad i 4 4 Ù Wy? A IN, È A uh vis NN 139 bi bt Ph LI N vr N A (ut PU ua ts UNS vu Pa) DA v ‘) N Lt MA La LUE } ) AIRE A à vi) SAI IRRE N Lu N 0 m el? 1 de! RE ' ‘ : Mi yee! Hi Ag IN em sr) | EARL REISMAN) HRN NICO HI ENE NRE te mr TRS i i EN nn Su MW) VY ily gs N nda tace n° anh wan 9 K 4 i A N ‘ ANNE "sy È yy x Hi; 4 wa À è y N A 7 a vun 4 MAL : vr Badde rg IR IN ai n N f 1 Aa en Yet nes dA } DIL BAUR a RENE i A ‘ Va o vi } ale kare VAN A ; i) : i n'y volw ; Ho heli tell halte un yy { i DENE Bar “ RE EN AN Lx CMN, v REN) Li Ni Fs ine wi d durata ach 54) 17 ve LI ci Khan } b } ey ste À i AS? 4 fa tiid OR RN SUA y lan lon! RUN NE UE $ Cris x RIM te Nady! yer N alata ta EN nnie as N NEEN Rik KR u ER gar er. ho Atal en HS AVE RATS \ 3 207 1 ROL HE 95 k Py \ IT 5 ain | by } deer RI 3 | ; AM Ade ; h | ey 4 ver I ur ine ae ds N Ate ; , Wr | if) Fra Al v RANAN AA È H bahh kf : 4:16 he Midas ent EO N N F 1 , een eG 4 N ÜBER ie Le i ; ” PP Bree. das ves FR nm Ne ab de bet artes Zen eg ) nf, } i y é ij: Pit be 17. ì í j } ; Can oh RI ee rl i dedi Di Pile, or tay. ’ 14 VII A > «14 + nor 1 } ani ji ; i FRAN PURI N : , ANTON 1.30 LA HET LA i haa Ny vy N ie: 34 Hi j } RW | ; + AMEN j } ( sura ag, } DIDONE Aa 4 | N n OEREN ray AA gid ar eet "998 00] fe Ul 5 "13079 i EMS RA RUE Re eI HI EN OT HARVARD UNIVERSITY © Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology DEEL 122 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING INHOUD VAN DEEL 122 ACHTERBERG, C. van. — A revision of the species of Amicrocentrinae, a new sub- family (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with a description of the final larval instar of Amicrocentrum curvinervis by J.R.T.Short ........................ ACHTERBERG, C. VAN. — A revision of the new subfamily Xyphozelinae (Hymeno- pterasBraconidae) era ae tte n ein ACHTERBERG, C. VAN. — A revision of the subfamily Zelinae auct. (Hymenoptera, BA CONICA) teenie neh A N nr abs a KLOFT, E. S., zie Kloft, W. J., etc. i KLOFT, W. J., R. E. WOODRUFF & E. S. KLOFT. — Formica integra (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) IV. Exchange of food and trichome secretions between worker ants and the inquiline beetle, Cremastocheilus castaneus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) . . LITH, J. P. VAN. — The New World genus Pluto (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Psenini) . . SAVTSHENKO, E. N. — Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae (Translated and revis- ed by B. Theowald en G. Theischinger) ..............:........... WILKINSON, C. — A taxonomic study of the micro-lepidopteran genera Microcalyptris Braun and Fomoria Beirne occurring in the United States of A merica (Lepidopte- ramNepticulidae))e)ne wr. eZ Nari Rn RR E I WOODRUFF, R. E., zie Kloft, W. J., etc. 1979 59 DEEL 39 ENTOMOLOGISCHE BERICHTEN UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING INHOUD ACHTERBERG, C. VAN, Note on the homonymy of Macrocentrus brevicaudis Abdin- bekova (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Macrocentrinae) ................. ALDERS, K., Een kweek van Arctornis l-nigrum (Müller) (Lep., Lymantriidae) ..... ASSELBERGS, J. E. F., Depressaria emeritella Stainton, nieuw voor de fauna van Ne- derland (ep? Oecophoridae) ere ee Ce ER eae en BINK, F. A., Methods for mounting Aleyrodidae specimens BLOM, W. L., Descriptions of new butterflies from Iran ——, New butterflies from Iran (Lep., Rhopalocera) BOLLAND, H. R. Zie J. GUTIERREZ BOSMAN, B. T., Hinderlijke of schadelijke mijten en insekten in en om gebouwen in VE A ERA ae AIAR NE BOTOSANEANU, L., Sur une nouvelle espèce d’Uenoa de l’Himalaya, et sur la remar- quable manière dont les femelles protègent leur pont (Trichoptera: Uenoidae) BRUGGE, BEN, Coleoptera verzameld van iepenschors BUND C.F. VAN DE. Zie G. VAN ROSSEM BURGE?, H.C. Zie G. VAN ROSSEM COBBEN, R. H., A new Adarrus species from Austria (Cicadellidae, Homoptera Auche- norrhyncha); i; loi Sn AE ROLO CI EVENHUIS, H°H.,Vliegenuitmestvannertsen(Diptera) Re FRANKEN !UYZEN, A. VAN, Waarnemingen aan Ectoedemia argentipedella (Zeller), eenimineermotopiberki(lEep:SNepticulidae) re FRANKENHUYZEN, A. VAN, en J. M. FRERIKS, Tischeria ekebladella (Bjerkander, 1795) (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) 1979 141 173 124 129 FRANKENHUYZEN, A. VAN, en TONNY WIJNEN, Een nieuwe vangmethode voor Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen) (Lep., Sesiidae) .............. FRERIKS, M. Zie A. VAN FRANKENHUYZEN GIELIS, G., Capperia hellenica Adamczewski nieuw voor Spanje (Lep., Pterophoridae) GOFFAU, L.J. W. DE. Zie G. VAN ROSSEM GOOT, V. S. VAN DER, Enkele zweefvliegsoorten van Nederland (Dipt., Syrphidae) . . GOUTBEEK, A., Een teratologische meikever (Melolontha melolontha (Linnaeus) . . . GUTIERREZ, J., W. HELLE et H. R. BOLLAND, Etude d'une souche de Tetranychus pierci (Acariens: Tetranychidae), d’Indonésie: redescription, caryotype et repro- GUCHO TBE SLOT, SOR Seer ERE ee en HARTEN, A. VAN, Sitobion hillerislambersi, a remarkable new aphid from Angola (Ho- mopterawAphididae) wer ef AAA ee veren Gee ce oh à ca OU ju ran HELLE, W. Zie J. GUTIERREZ HEPPNER, JOHN B., Brachodidae, A new Family Name for Atychiidae (Lepidoptera: Sestoidea) Er NEE N cee ele ee JEEKEL, C. A. W., Duizend- en miljoenpoten uit Noordoost-Nederland. Aanvullende EWEN OTIS) MA I MN, EEN ONRI ere MD een e LU, Mo KANAAR, P., Naamlijst van de in Nederland en het omliggende gebied voorkomende listenidae (Coleoptera) er aes VEN EEE. ern Gey ANT ——, Praktische wenken voor de studie van de Histeridae (Coleoptera) .......... ——, Notities over Nederlandse Histeridae (Coleoptera) .................. KRIKKEN, J., Suralcis Machatschke, a remarkable genus of African ruteline chafers . . LANGOHR, G. R., Nieuwe en minder gewone Lepidoptera voor de Nederlandse fauna LEMPKE, B. J., A new form of Hymenia recurvalis (Fabricius) from ‚ne Canary Islands BepmByralidae) a, Zaren. tod et Pee Aw soca ee ue Pl CU Le MILK MING SMO OM, situa NE. heten MORENTE RATA TO OA LOLA RA — —, Pyrausta cingulata (Linnaeus) en enkele opmerkingen over haar verwant Pyrausta rectefascialis Toll (Lep., Pyralidae) ............................ — —, Interessante vormen van Lepidoptera uit Nederland .................. —_ —, Tinea turicensis Müller-Rutz, nieuw voor de Nederlandse fauna ........... LITH, J. P. VAN, Notes on palaearctic Psenini IX-XIII(Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) NIESER, N., A new Hesperocorixa and notes on Parasigara from Portugal ........ NIEUKERKEN, E. J. VAN, De verspreiding van Hydrovatus cuspidatus (Kunze) in Ne- derlandi(Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)! on Mate de en een ee et — —, Faunistische notities over enkele soorten van het genus Hydroporus Clairville in Nederland (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) ...................,.,...... NIJVELDT, W., The synonymy of Rabdophaga clavifex (Kieffers) (Diptera, Cecidomyii- CET) in I IRE te TE Ne OOSTERHOUT, F. J. VAN, Vondsten van rupsen van Anticlea badiata (Denis & Schif- fermüller) en Anticlea derivata (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lep., Geometridae) OOSTSTROOM, S. J. VAN, Voor Nederland nieuwe en minder algemene bladwespen (Hym., Symphyta) (Mededelingen overSymphytano.9) ............... PRESA, J. J., Mioscirtus wagneri maghrebi Fernandes in the Iberian Peninsula ..... RAMAKERS, P. M. J., Verdere gegevens over Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper) (Lep., INOGtUIdale) parecer the ena II TER De tS ROSSEM, G. VAN, C. F. VAN DE BUND, H. C. BURGER en L. J. W. DE GOFFAU, Bijzondere aantastingen door insekten in 1978 ..................... SINGH, ASKET, A new species of Azarea Warov, 1926 from North West India (Ortho- ptera, Acrididae, Gomphocerinae) ............................ TIMMER, JAN, Naamlijst van de in Nederland voorkomende soorten dazen (Dipter Mabanid ae) le aaa er A eN EAD ne, Ge al aia de ue En dere. a VECHT, J. VAN DER, Notes on Vespidae fromNepal .................... VELTMAN, A., Zweefvliegen van het Amsterdamse Bos (Dipt., Syrphidae) ....... 113 145 121 103 161 150 179 189 148 136 WILLEMSE, FER, Additional notes on the Sexavae of the Melanesian Subregion (Or- thoptera, Tettigonidae, Mecopodinae) . ......................... ——, A new species and new distributional data of Oropodisma Uvarov, 1942 from Gree- ce(Orthoptera, Acrididae) Ri Was es RE ——, Stenobrothus (Stenobrotodes) spec. nov. from Greece (Orthoptera, Acrididae) . . WIJNEN, TONNY. Zie A. VAN FRANKENHUYZEN KORTE MEDEDELINGEN BOUWER, ROBERT, Elateridae : 214240 Sige ee ana oe tgs cle anys el Ce COBBEN, R. H., Macropterie bij oppervlaktewantsen .................... EUPEDO; F', Te.koop;gevraagd ori GOOT, V. S.VAN DER, Eristalis pertinax (Scopoli) en E. tenax (Linnaeus) (Dipt., Syr- phidae) 5 ee A NEN RN ——, Brachypalpus laphriformis (Fallen) (Dipt., Syrphidae) en de Amerikaanse vogel- kers(of,.bospest:’) (Prunus:serotina Ehrhart) o ee ——, Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus) en Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer) (Dipt., Syrphidae) elk jaar als trekker vanuitihetzuiden? 016. be See ——, Eieren leggend 9 van Machimus atricapillus (Fallen) (Diptera, Asilidae) ..... ——, Chrysochroma bipunctatum (Scopoli) (Dipt., Stratiomyiidae) weer in Nederland Waärgenomen 1. u... se IO ae SO OR aE RS ae ——, Een goede vangplaats:Apeldoorn, omgeving Echoput en Aardhuis (Dipt., Syrphi- dae, Conopidae, Asilidae en Coenomyüdae) "HE ne. —, Over de talrijkheid van de Sphaerophoria-soorten van de ,,menthastri-groep” (Dipt Syrphidae) u... ac ae I RC EEE -—=, Spaerophoria.abbreviata Zetterstedt "2/22 a ee ee JANSE,K.P.).;Aangeboden:‘.. … 5. An Aus tkn MIRO I et ee ie LEMPKE, B. J., Eupithecia-rupsen op Lamsoor (Statice vulgare Mill.) .......... ——, Komt Aterpia corticana (Denis & Schiffermüller) wel in Nederland voor? (Lep., Tortricidae): Er de ed ENI RARI RO REA ——, De voedselplant van Pammene luedersiana (Sorhagen) (Lep., Tortricidae). . . .. ——, Hoe staat het met Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus) in Nederland? (Lep., Lymantriidae) OUDE, J. E.DE, Nederlandse vertalingen van J. H. Fabre’s publicaties .......... VELTMAN, A., Metasyrphus lundbecki (Soot Ryen) (Dipt., Syrphidae) . ......... WOLSCHRIJN, J. B., Nemapogon cloacella (Haworth) (Lep., Tineidae) ......... LITERATUUR BLOMMERS, L. H. M., Proceedings of the 8th international congress of the Inter- national Union for the study of Social Insects ...................... BOER, ?.J. DEN, Thiele, H. U., 1977. Carabid beetles in their environment ....... DIAKONOFF, A., A. K. Kuznetsov, A. A. Stokolnikov, I. L. Sukhareva & M. I. Falko- vitch, 1978: Vepidoptera,partsl® . a 20 2 os serie ee EE IN ——,; Gozmany, L1978 Lecithoceridae : CRON oe eas Ce eee cue ——, Roe: -r, R. Ulrich & Peter V. Küppers, 1979. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Insecten- faunaSumatras re eee AAE EEn: DUFFELS, J. P., Kinzelbach, Ragnar K., 1978. Strepsiptera . ................ me ImmisiOutlines.of entomology s+... RR RR II 167 120 163 14 26 34 50 76 153 172 178 95 50 82 94 102 174 55 188 ’ ELLIS, W.N., Schreiber, H., 1978. Centres of Sphingidae (Lepidoptera in the neotropi- ELI STOTT 62 RE NER NE EN ——, Role, The, of arthropods in forest ecosystems ...................... ——, Insects and other Arthropods of medical importance ................. ——, Larsen, Sven Gisle, 1978. Baltic amber — a palaeobiological study ......... ——, Proceedings of the second international symposium on Trichoptera......... ——, Merian, Maria Sibylla, 1976. Schmetterlinge, Käfer und andere Insekten; Lenin- gradenStudienDuche ya Mae e ie — ssBiosystematicsin.agrieulturen. one sl ee ——, Matthews, R. W. & J. R. Matthews, 1978. Insect behavior .............. ——, Evolution of insect migration and diapause, 1978 .................... ——, Endocrinologie (J. Lever & J. de Wilde, eds) .................,..... ——, Baker, R. R., 1978. The evolution ecology of animal migration............ MICA LOMA IMENtOMOlOPIE 0 © D 0.0 SHOUKRY, A. & HAFEZ, M. Studies on the biology of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ce- HALILISICADUOIA EN EN PIE REI CCC RO SIVAPALAN, P. & GNANAPRAGASAM, N. C. Effects of varying proportions of dieta- ry ingredients in meridic diets on the development of the tea tortrix, Homona cof- Neanianınithellaboratonye ne... ee aie CCE + ae 161 142 267 175 346 SZENTESI, A., GREANY, P. D. & CHAMBERS, D. L. Oviposition behavior of labora- tory-reared and wild Caribbean Fruit Flies (Anastrepha suspensa; Diptera: Tephriti- dae): I. Selected chemicaliinfluencesy E THIBOUT, E. Stimulation of reproductive activity of females of Acropeliopsis assectella (Lepidoptera: Hyponomeutidae) by the presence of eupyrene spermatozoa in the spermatheca.-...0.. a2. ra NRE ER WHITE, P. F. Pot tests with methoprene and permethrin against the Mushroom Phorid (Megaselia halterata) and the Mushroom Sciarid (Lycoriella auripila) ........ WOOL, D. & BERGERSON, O. Sperm precedence in repeated mating of adults of Tri- bolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) ................... re YOSHIDA, S. & HIDAKA, T. Determination of the position of courtship display of the young unmated male Anisopteromalus calandriae (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) . . YOSHIHARA, T., SOGAWA, K., PATHAK, M. D., JULIANO, B. O. & SAKAMURA, S. Soluble silicic acid as a sucking inhibitory substance in rice against the Brown Plant Hopper (Delphacidae, Homoptera) “45. COMP. ZOOL, LIBRARY OCT 1 7 1980 HARVARD UNIVERSITY 227 279 332 157 116 314 | WA Le cd Er LI È = [2 = ra F rr 27 m ee à 7 ne ke ~ 1 Fi / | og { - i ne } ; La 4 i 3 Di ar = A Nae ae Le + Bere i | a > ae x \ | BEA f i 7 A a ; nt NEN NE NT HN farce ay en De 3, È La dA Bay 7 IK Syn NR i bt ay il on Ve ma n | : A P O'S A Er m. = À ‚cr : 2 mi. A a È L ete | | ì "i u ma on | i Br; wi Da i PO A DI | DR rl) MAL Sok 9 ' 5 wow SALON: | È ua vu i Lio Zn x : Leal, : ON i Mt ik u u ee = Ri hi i Di ‘ | we: uni | A M u te a n u SAL dt a i 5 =. et | 5 I x | u fa ni u tal Li Sta Bilis MR Fs Ae he E ara 5 | di i o Ù ' Ù i iD nur ‘ 1 | u | + A "i ut a 7 ER | N» pe ' m 1 i À a j "o | î L ' 3 Ù 4 Ù 1 Ù i I Su) si È : il i i n A u : i } | n \ : i N | Ù " u 1 | Ù Ay di ti x x n x ‘tm = U | Kl | 4 7 Fi VI un j . > en ot OR | : | B Il | t Ù i i OR il hu | | | PSN OS 1 x is : Ù i : NU LET Y . DI Î ur | wa | : | x : ti ul tl i ap pia An E ve ur | Laue _ j 5 = £ 4 x a ee a hi aid ee à! 4 ic Ji 2 > & À oh Le 8 3 2 5 gl fet è y tyes zite sip rw ia! epee si 223 È aks 4 4 ) : i i Vi È 2 È € = G A abn ds he a ae MANS paca ane +] A de ue f = , | a | = Tea VANS ME N on RA en NO wend DEEL 122 1979 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 122, 1979 NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING BESTUUR (BOARD) Voorzitter (Chairman) ............... R. H. Cobben Vice-Voorzitter (Vice-President) ......... A. K. Minks Secretanisi(Secret2V) sana: peace pen amas ee R. de Jong Address u A RIA RESO Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Raamsteeg 2, Leiden 2311 PL Penningmeester(Treasurer)............ H. Wiering Address RE Bi AR dik aie: ease Ae. Doorntjes 29, Bergen 1861 VH Bibliothecaris (Librarian) ............. W.N.Ellis Plantage Middenlaan 64, Amsterdam 1018 DH Leden (Members) .................. H. van Oorschot, L. H. M. Blommers TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE Redactie (Editorial Board) ............ P. J. van Helsdingen, R. de Jong, J. Krikken, M.A. Lieftinck, C. van Achterberg Addresse are OI VIE SOI Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Raamsteeg 2, Leiden 2311 PL The journal serves the publication of papers on Insecta, Myriapoda and Arachnoidea. Subscription rate: D.Fl. 190,— per year. Afleveringen 1—S verschenen 31.v.1979 Afleveringen 6 en 7 verschenen 4.xii.1979 ISSN 0040-7496 INHOUD VAN DEEL 122 Achterberg, C. van. — A revision of the species of Amicrocentrinae, a new subfamily (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with a description of the final larval instar of Amicrocentrum curvinervisbyJ.R.T.Short ....................... Achterberg, C. van. — A revision of the new subfamily Xyphozelinae (Hymenoptera, Braconmidae) Wie cars OEE EL RI RR RE Achterberg, C. van. — A revision of the subfamily Zelinae auct. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) Kloft, E. S., zie Kloft, W. J., etc. Kloft, W. J., R. E. Woodruff & E. S. Kloft. — Formica integra (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) IV. Exchange of food and trichome secretions between worker ants and the inquiline beetle, Cremastocheilus castaneus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) ............ Lith, J. P. van. — The New World genus Pluto (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Psenini)........ Savtshenko, E. N. — Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae (Translated and revised by B. MheowaldieniG-lheischingen as sss NM oe ne oe ee Wilkinson, C. — A taxonomic study of the micro-lepidopteran genera Microcalyptris Braun and Fomoria Beirne occurring in the United States of America (Lepidoptera, Neen NAE) SE a cary mA ae cera ce hie Not: Sony nt aul, se Woodruff, R. E., zie Kloft, W. J., etc. 127 59 MUS. COMP, ZOOL. LIERARY MAR 1 1 30 HARVARD EE ‘dla Mede MUS, COMP. ZOOL: 9 LIBRARY = DEEL 122 ‘ AFLEVERINGEN 1 EN 2 JUN 19 1975 7 = sl à HARVARD UNIVERSITY ii TIJDSCHRIFT | VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING INHOUD C. VAN ACHTERBERG. — A revision of the species of Amicrocentrinae, a new subfamily (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with a description of the final larval ’ instar of Amicrocentrum curvinervis by J. R. T. Short, p. 1—28, text-figs. 1—68. €. VAN ACHTERBERG. — A revision of the new subfamily Xyphozelinae _ (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), p. 29—46, text-figs. 1—45. 4 oe j | ji dE =f da ‘ane 3 de N ik an x Le ee ae à | a en > € en EP RA A > à EN / #? 4 os: pe Te il gi È ee x rift li ie en # = Au X dad. È ua AN wen zi “» È RTL | | Pr CRE # re Pi e | a be: E it" ig er HE DE i elt, oe he ba: ER DE Kr ri Ve 2 a en; Bi = ra; Ë LT n + re va sla presa ; ip AE en) + q tire Fe ni D È Di Fi a +! fe Fasen AD BE N ve PRAGUE OF De En Re Li > D tp Py Pee CAB ar DI DATA ENT in, #} Den) > t 2 > id dali re og a: 4 We A: A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF AMICROCENTRINAE, A NEW SUBFAMILY (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE), WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE FINAL LARVAL INSTAR OF AMICROCENTRUM CURVINERVIS BY J. R. T. SHORT by C. VAN ACHTERBERG Rijksmuseum var Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden With 68 text-figures ABSTRACT A new subfamily is erected for the Afrotropical genus Amicrocentrum Schulz, 1911, hitherto included in the Macrocentrinae. A key to the subgenera and species is given for the first time and the species are redescribed. One new species, Amicrocentrum exilis, and one new subgenus, Platyxanion, are described. The final larval instar of Amicrocentrum curvinervis (Cameron) is described. INTRODUCTION When revising the subfamily Macrocentrinae (the genus Macrocentrus s.s. excluded) I had to deal with the aberrant genus Amicrocentrum Schulz, 1911. The species are very conspicuous, large, mostly yellow or light brown in colour and have many apomorphous (derived) character-states. Revision was difficult since there was little material in most collections. Detailed study showed that Amicrocentrum could not be retained in the Macrocentrinae because of the lack of synapomorphous character-states. The characters of Amicrocentrum differ from those of other subfamilies of Braconidae; a new subfamily is therefore erected for the genus. The distribution of Amicrocentrum appears to be restricted to the Afrotropical Region. An aberrant species which occurs in Malagasy is placed in a new subgenus. The small amount of relevant literature is listed in Shenefelt (1969: 141). TERMINOLOGY General terminology is given by Van Achterberg (1976a: 160—166). The name of the postero-basal lobe of the hind wing needs explanation. Hamilton (1971: 429) and Brothers (1975: 520) have pointed out that the use of the name anal or vannal lobe of most authors is incorrect. This lobe is bordered anteriorly by a non- functional fold (the plical furrow or fold, a “paleopterous fluting” according to Hamilton (1971: 432)) and should therefore be called a plical lobe (Brothers, 1975: I D) TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 520). The main difference between an anal (vannal) fold and a plical fold is in its position. The plical fold is situated in the submediellan cell (M + Cu in fig. 32 of Brothers) and goes through the nervellus. The anal (vannal) fold is situated well below the nervellus and the submediellan cell and functions in the wing-folding process. PHYLOGENY The genus Amicrocentrum shows the following remarkable apomorphous character-states: 1. The very large plical lobe is perpendicularly setose (fig. 8). The perpendicular setosity of the lobe is unique in Braconidae, and in Hymenoptera as far as I know, and is without doubt an apomorphous character-state. The well developed plical lobe of Symphyta is a plesiomorphous character-state. 2. A medial basal hole is present in the first metasomal tergite. This depression should not be confused with the much shallower depression which is situated more basally where the adductor is attached (fig. 17). This hole is a unique development in Hymenoptera and an apomorphous character-state within the order. 3. Deep depressions are present in the first and second tergites of the metasoma of the males and these are more or less covered by fatty secretions between the pubescence (fig. 15). I am not aware of such structures in other Hymenoptera, apart from the males of Aleiodes excavatus (Telenga) (Braconidae, Rogadinae) (Van Achterberg, 1975: 16, fig. 1) and the males of the striatula-group of Parischnogaster Schulthess (Vespidae, Stenogastrinae) (Van der Vecht, pers. comm.). The functions of these depressions and secretions are uncertain, but the structures are an independently acquired apomorphous character-state in Hymenoptera. 4. The maxillary and labial palpi are strongly reduced and both virtually one- segmented (fig. 23). Reduction of the palpi is quite a common tendency in the Braconidae (Van Achterberg, 1976b: 35), but the condition reached in Amicrocentrum is extreme and a strongly apomorphous character-state. In contrast, the palpi of Macrocentrinae are well developed and consist of 5 or 6 and 4 segments, respectively. 5. The prepectal, hypostomal and occipital carinae are absent. The presence of these carinae is generally accepted as a plesiomorphous character-state. These carinae are present in many groups of Hymenoptera which are not closely related and have many other plesiomorphous character-states in common. In the Macrocentrinae the occipital carina is absent but the prepectal and an carinae are always present. 6. The dorsal carinae of the first tergite are absent (fig. 29). As shown by several groups of Braconidae with other plesiomorphous character-states, the presence of at least short basal dorsal carinae must be considered a plesiomorphous character- state within the Braconidae. 7. The pedicellus is cup-shaped (figs. 28, 33). I have not seen this peculiar shape in other Ichneumonoidea. It seems to have been derived from the common cylindrical shape. VAN ACHTERBERG: Amicrocentrinae 3 8. The second tergite of the metasoma is less setose than the posterior half of the third tergite. Reduction in setosity is a common feature, but the pattern in Amicrocentrum is remarkable and apomorphous. 9. The fore tibial spur is bare, stout, curved, rather wide and flattened (figs. 57—59). In Hymenoptera a slender, more or less cylindrical, rather narrow spur with a narrow flange at the inner side is the common plesiomorphous character- state. 10. The hind tibia and tarsus are long, the length of the hind tibia being 1.9— 2.4 times the hind femur (figs. 34, 56). This is a peculiar feature which is exceptional in Hymenoptera. In Braconidae the hind tibia is generally 10—35% longer than the femur. It is striking that almost no synapomorphous character-states exist between the Macrocentrinae and the genus Amicrocentrum. The most important apomorphous character-states of the Macrocentrinae contain that the trochantelli are apically toothed, the claws simple or with a lobe, the occipital carina absent and the n. rec. far antefurcal. The shared character of reduction of the occipital carina is insufficient for retaining Amicrocentrum in the Macrocentrinae. Plesiomorphous character-states of Amicrocentrum are: 1. The n. rec. is postfurcal. In Hymenoptera there is a general trend towards reduction of the apical veins with the veins becoming situated more basally. In this perspective a postfurcal n. rec. is a plesiomorphous character-state. 2. The first transverse anal vein is present. This vein is weakly developed, but its presence indicates a more complex and plesiomorphous state of venation. 3. A laterope is present. In the Ichneumonoidea this character is common in groups which show several other plesiomorphous character-states. It is most likely an early development and should be considered a plesiomorphous character-state within the Ichneumonoidea. 4. The claws are bifurcate (fig. 13). As pointed out by Brothers (1975: 521) simple bifurcate claws may be considered a plesiomorphous character-state in Hymenoptera. 5. The costa and subcosta are more or less separated from each other (fig. 8). In parasitic Hymenoptera there is usually no space between these veins or, at most, a small space apically. Because there is a well-developed cell between these veins in Symphyta, the presence of a narrow cell in the Amicrocentrinae is a plesiomorphous character-state within the Braconidae. 6. The mesoscutum is without a lateral carina. A well developed lateral carina ofthe mesoscutum seems to be a later development in the Braconidae. 7. The plical lobe is very large, as in the Symphyta. The following are the more doubtful character-states of Amicrocentrum: 1. The ovipositor is long. An ovipositor as long as the forewing or somewhat shorter is often associated with other plesiomorphous character-states in the Braconidae. But the very long ovipositor of Amicrocentrum and some Macrocentrinae may be a secondary (apomorphous) development. The ovipositor of A. seyrigi is intermediate in length. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 ‘Un43U990491UY JO Sa19ads ay} Ul $9ye}S-19}0eIBYS snoydıowode jo aduasqe 10 2ou2s214 ‘| QLL peonpoa e1lodıe)degau paua33e13 snadA]9 pesseaduoo ewosej oul 23121 I[[200 ojenurs eT TeTpow asojes 4119] 2313133 YI7 qzuasge IT]jne3zou (0) 2138215-193921Eu9 snoydiowode satoeds O ©O © © © © euuedian7i f O O 8 © © © O 82] 1x0 O; On Zu Qi 0; 7 sLaxauraand On O0 ee A070D2U0D ® 8 OO: OON Om® 1Ôzafos aqetduos e1T>odıesegou x3AuoD snadAT9 pessoidap BUOSE Jou T1eus ı9yJeı I[[290 2U31213S Jsoufe eTToTpau esojes A]asuap 3313193 ut quasar1d TIneJou (0) 23P35S-19339B1BUOI snoydiowotsatd soatoeds VAN ACHTERBERG: Amicrocentrinae 5 2. The metasoma is inserted above the hind coxae. This is probably a plesiomorphous character-state, apart from the extreme conditions in the Cenocoeliinae and Evanioidea. It occurs in several subfamilies of the Braconidae which are not closely related (e.g., Helconinae, Macrocentrinae, Orgilinae, Agathidinae) as well as in the Ichneumonidae (subfamily Labeninae (= Labiinae sensu Townes)). | 3. The radiellan cell of the hind wing is somewhat widened apically. This is probably a plesiomorphous character-state, if shown in a moderate manner as in the Amicrocentrinae. The Amicrocentrinae are an isolated and specialized group. As shown above, it has little in common with the Macrocentrinae. It may be related to the Helconinae sl. The genus Brulleia Szepligeti, in particular, shares some characters with the Amicrocentrinae, such as the large plical lobe, the dilated radiellan cell, the short second abscissa of the subcostella and the long nervellus. The tribe Trachypetini of the Sigalphinae also shows some resemblance to the Amicrocentrinae, but the nervellus is broken apically, the shape of the first metasomal tergite is quite different, the occipital and prepectal carinae are present and the absence of well- defined synapomorphous character-states indicate that the relationship is superficial. The Amicrocentrinae may be treated provisionally as an early offshoot of the Helconinae s.l. This concurs with the evidence of larval characters (figs. 2—5). Table | gives the occurrence of the plesiomorphous and apomorphous states of some characters within the genus Amicrocentrum. These indicate the pattern of evolution within the genus. One of the two species which occur in Malagasy, A. seyrigi, is isolated in showing a peculiar combination of apomorphous and plesiomorphous character-states. A new subgenus is therefore erected for this species. Of the remaining four species, A. flavipenne is also restricted to Malagasy. This species is closely related to exilis and has probably developed from an invasion of an exilis-like ancestor. Three species occur only in continental Africa. Of these, concolor has the most plesiomorphous character-states and curvinervis, which is relatively common, has an intermediate position. A. exilis is rather specialized and shares some apomorphous character-states with flavipenne, such as the flattened clypeus and the slender first tergite (figs. 49, 68). These characters are absent in other species and indicate the close relationship shown in fig. 1. BIOLOGY At least two species of Amicrocentrum are larval parasites of large, boring caterpillars of Lepidoptera. Amicrocentrum exilis spec. nov. has been reared from Eulophonotus myrmeleon Felder (Cossidae, Cossinae). A. curvinervis (Cameron) has been reared from the maize stalk borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Noctuidae) and may therefore be of economic importance. The selection of boring hosts is a further plesiomorphous character-state, since braconids are considered to be derived from ectoparasites of boring coleopterous larvae. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 ‘1 9192) ur ejep ay} WO] pajonpap se WNA U2I04D1UI JO Saldads au} JO suonejal DY} Funoidop WeIZ0IpUdg ‘| ‘314 93e3s-ıaJ9e1ey3 snoydaouorsard 9Je3s-ıaJJeıeyD snoydaowode Il + aqenuts ATZU01IS eT TeTpow+ umaqua qUIFOLILUY queseid TTneJou- "uadans pessoiduoo eWoseJaU+ O pau3a33213 sned4To+ Xa AUOI D snadA79- peonpez à aa Tduos eT Tedreoejouy+ D eT Tedaeoejou- ouuodrangf 817220 sraxauraand 107] 00U0d QU pessozdep euUoseJ9Uu- peaino AT yee eT [etpeu— quesqe I[ne]ou+ uoruoxh407d ‘uasqns 161añes VAN ACHTERBERG: Amicrocentrinae 7 LARVAL CHARACTERS OF AMICROCENTRUM CURVINERVIS (figs. 2—5) (By J. R. T. Short, Department of Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia). !) The methods used in making slide preparations from final larval instar exuviae are described in Short (1978: 4). Terminology, and its basis in comparative morphology, is given in Short (1952). Material studied: | male final instar larva of Amicrocentrum curvinervis (Cameron), ‘“Makarere, x.1969, Uganda, Dennis Owen”, “Ex larva B. fusca” (TC). Description. — Of the head sclerites (fig. 2), epistoma (e) with dorsal part unsclerotized; pleurostoma (ps) very broad; anterior pleurostomal process (ap) hook-like; posterior pleurostomal process (pp) in the form of a narrow rod; hypostoma (hs) with median part only sclerotized and not extending laterally (posteriorly) beyond lateral end of stipital sclerite (ss); hypostomal spur (hsp) represented by broad and faintly sclerotized band between hypostoma and stipital sclerite; each stipital sclerite (ss) a slender rod, with median end fitting into socket in antero-lateral end of labial sclerite (lbs); each cardo (cd) represented by lightly sclerotized oval plate; labial sclerite (lbs) with lateral parts slender and sclerotized and ventral part broad and lightly sclerotized; maxillary (mp) and labial palps (Ip) disc-shaped and each with one large sensillum and two very small sensilla; salivary orifice (s) prominent; silk press (sp) broad and lightly sclerotized and with two small sensilla on dorsal part; setae and sensilla present on maxillae, labium and clypeo-labrum; prelabial and labral sclerites absent; mandible (m) with triangular base and long, curved, slender blade with length about twice that of base and with prominent teeth on median half of blade. Antenna (fig. 3) disc-shaped with circumference lightly sclerotized and with two sensilla on membrane. Spiracle (fig. 4) relatively very large, with closing apparatus (ca) adjoining atrium (ar) and closing apparatus with prominent sclerotized bands on wall. Skin (fig. 5) with small setae and numerous small spines. The cocoon of Amicrocentrum curvinervis is 20 x 4.5 mm, pale stramineous, moderately thin and somewhat translucent but not porous, and with very little loose silk on the surface. Emergence was by transversely cutting off one end. Systematic position of Amicrocentrum. — Amicrocentrum shows characters resembling those of the Macrocentrinae. I know the larval characters only of Macrocentrus of the Macrocentrinae. Amicrocentrum, like Macrocentrus has the lateral parts of the labial sclerite slender and sclerotized and the ventral part broad and lightly sclerotized. In both genera the salivary orifice is prominent and the silk press broad and lightly sclerotized. The stipital sclerite is also similar. However, Macrocentrus differs from Amicrocentrum in that the lateral part of each hypostoma is well sclerotized and the hypostomal spur is represented by a projection on the hypostoma (Short, 1952: fig. 29). The mandibles of these genera differ in that, although both are slender in form and have the blade toothed, in Amicrocentrum !) This work was supported by the Australian Research Grants Committee. 8 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 Figs. 2—5. Final larval instar of Amicrocentrum curvinervis (Cameron). 2, anterior view of head with sclerites flattened, ap = anterior pleurostomal process, cd = cardo, e = epistoma, hs = hypostoma, hsp = hypostomal spur, lbs = labial sclerite, Ip = labial palp, m = mandible, mp = maxillary palp, pp = posterior pleurostomal process, ps = pleurostoma, s = salivary orifice, s = silk press, ss = stipital sclerite; 3, antenna; 4, spiracle, ar = atrium, ca = closing apparatus; 5, skin. (Drawing by J. R. T. Short). the blade is much more slender than the base and teeth are present only on the median half of the blade. The disc-shaped antennae differ also in that the circumference is lightly sclerotized in Amicrocentrum but not in Macrocentrus. The spiracle is relatively very large in Amicrocentrum and distinctive in form. In Macrocentrus, the closing apparatus of the spiracle is only as wide as the atrium and does not adjoin the atrium. The skin also differs in these genera in that, although there are numerous small spines present on the skin in both, setae are present in Amicrocentrum but not in Macrocentrus. Amicrocentrum, although keying out generally near the Macrocentrinae (see Capek, 1970, 1973) must be considered to stand apart from this subfamily on the differences listed above. It is therefore recommended that, on larval characters, Amicrocentrum should be placed in a separate subfamily of the Braconidae. VAN ACHTERBERG: Amicrocentrinae 9 Amicrocentrum is, as far as known, a solitary endoparasite of lepidopterous larvae. The larval characters indicate that the genus is one of the less specialized of the endoparasitic Braconidae and show a combination of generalized and specialized characters. The hypostoma and hypostomal spur are reduced but the antenna, although disc-shaped, shows a sclerotized circumference. The cardo is present, the mandible is toothed and setae are present on the skin, all of these being primitive characters. It appears that Amicrocentrum, like the Macrocentrinae, is an endoparasite showing only some specialized characters. Amicrocentrinae subfam. nov. Diagnosis. — Length of body 9.0—27.3, length of fore wing 7.4—20.9 mm; antennal segments of © 46—59, of ¢ 44—S3; apex of scapus truncate or nearly so; pedicellus cup-shaped, narrowed basad (fig. 33); maxillary and labial palpi reduced, very short, only visible from ventrad and both virtually one-segmented, but their bases somewhat wider and slightly differentiated (fig. 23); face unevenly convex; anterior tentorial pits large and deep (fig. 16); apical margin of clypeus not differentiated, thick, and weakly concave or almost straight medially (fig. 22); labrum not or narrowly visible; occipital and hypostomal carinae and occipital flange absent; mandible large, with two sharp and stout teeth, the second tooth much shorter than the first tooth (fig. 32); eye bare; pronope absent; propleural lamella more or less developed (fig. 30); pronotum with postero-dorsal corner somewhat protruding as does anterior part of mesopleuron; tegulae not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron (fig. 30); prepectal carina completely absent (fig. 18); precoxal suture not or shallowly impressed (fig. 42); mesoscutum without a lateral carina in front of tegulae; metapleural flange or lamella absent; dorsal surface of propodeum not differentiated from its posterior surface (fig. 42); propodeum without areola and tubercle; antepropodeal suture narrow and deep; propodeal spiracle large; scutellar suture rather deep, wide and rather short (fig. 66); scutellum without lateral carina; metanotum with large convex tubercle posteriorly (fig. 27); metanotum with long pubescence latero-dorsally (this probably connects the plical lobe of the hind wing with the metanotum); first discoidal cell distinctly petiolate and rather wide anteriorly (fig. 25); cuqu 2 present; r 3 more or less curved towards metacarp (figs. 8, 25); n. rec. postfurcal; B 1 strongly widened apicad; cu 1 more or less weakly sinuate (figs. 8, 37); CU 1 smaller than CU 2; d 2 more or less roundly connected to s la (figs. 8, 25); nervulus long and straight; nervellus long, departing submedially from the mediella; B 1 closed apically, s Ib present; fringe of wings short; parastigma large; a narrow intercostal cell is more or less developed (figs. 8, 37); distal part of mediellan cell bare; aqu | present as a faintly-brownish, pigmented stripe (fig. 37); aqu 2 and aqu’ absent; SM mainly bare except for some setae near the nervulus; CU | and base of aqu | mainly bare; metacarp ends near apex of the radial cell; plical lobe very large and with rather long and perpendicular arranged setae (fig. 25); radiellan cell widened apicad; basella and second abscissa of subcostella short (fig. 46); 10 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 metacarpella rather short and more or less straight (fig. 25); discoidella absent; hind tibia and tarsus comparatively long, length of hind tibia 1.9—2.4 times hind femur; length of femur and tibia of hind leg 5.6—7.7 and 12.0—20.3 times their width, respectively; hind tibial spurs short, straight, and setose; hind basitarsus without ventral row of setae; all tarsal claws bifurcate, setose and without subbasal lobe (fig. 65); fore tibial spur bare, curved, rather wide and flattened (figs. 57—59); hind tibia without apical spines; trochantelli simple, without teeth; metasoma inserted medially between dorsal surface of propodeum and insertion of the hind coxae (figs. 42, 54); length of first metasomal tergite 3.0—6.3 times its apical width; first tergite with a medio-basal hole (figs. 29, 41); large, deep, more or less pubescent depressions in males in the first and second tergites (fig. 15); dorsal carinae of first tergite absent (fig. 17); laterope deep, large, elliptical (fig. 42); dorsope absent; first tergite convex, but medially somewhat flattened; second tergite less setose than posterior third of third tergite; third and following tergites densely setose; second tergite without a sharp lateral crease; second and following epipleura with thyridia (fig. 6); length of ovipositor sheaths 1.10—2.01 times length of fore wing and slender; ovipositor straight or nearly so, with an indistinctly developed notch subapically, this notch being absent in Amicrocentrum seyrigi; hypopygium large (fig. 18). Distribution. — Contains only one genus, Amicrocentrum Schulz, with five species. Two species are restricted to Malagasy and three species only occur in continental Africa. Key to subgenera and species of the genus Amicrocentrum 1. Second abscissa of mediella slightly curved (fig. 8); notauli absent (fig. 11); ocelli comparatively small, OOL distinctly longer than diameter of ocellus (fig. 14); 3rd and 4th abscissae of cubitus with only yellowish pigment and not sclerotized (fig. 8); 3rd (at least apically, fig. 15) and following tergites felty setose (fig. 17) (Blatyxanionsubgen.nov.) . „2... v2 seyrigi Granger — Second abscissa of mediella strongly sinuate (fig. 25); notauli narrowly developed (figs. 27, 40); ocelli large, OOL subequal to diameter of ocellus (fig. 20) or shorter (fig. 38); 3rd and 4th abscissae of cubitus at least weakly sclerotized (fig. 25); 3rd and following tergites only densely setose (fig. 41) (subgenus AmierocentrumSchulzy TORRE RR 2 2. Clypeus distinctly convex and densely punctate (figs. 22, 32); pterostigma more stout (figs. 25, 37); postero-dorsal corner of pronotum more or less densely punctate;sometimes rather finely (figs 85730) eN 3 — Clypeus flattened and punctulate (figs. 47, 62); pterostigma slender (figs. 46, 55); postero-dorsal corner of pronotum almost smooth, punctulate (figs. 42, SE RER NE ER DIL DIN IRE a RR RE Cr 4 3. Fourth metasomal tergite mainly dark brown; sides of 2nd tergite diverging apicad; length of 2nd tergite 1.4—1.8 times its maximum width (fig. 29); metasoma of © less compressed apicad; length of ovipositor sheaths 1.24— 1.50 times fore Wing Hr RAR RN ER RE concolor (Szépligeti) VAN ACHTERBERG: Amicrocentrinae 11 — Fourth metasomal tergite yellowish; sides of 2nd tergite parallel; length of 2nd tergite 2.0—2.8 times its width (fig. 41), exceptionally 1.8 times; metasoma of 9 strongly compressed apicad; length of ovipositor sheaths 1.60—2.01 times fore mime usually 1.82.9 times: sions ann. curvinervis (Cameron) 4. Metacarpella well developed basally and connected with the subcostella (fig. 46); pterostigma somewhat more slender (fig. 46); medio-basal hole of Ist tergite rather sharp posteriorly (fig. 49); length of malar space of 9 0.3—0.5 times basal width of mandible (fig. 47) ............... exilis spec. nov. — Metacarpella mainly reduced, not connected with the subcostella (fig. 55); pterostigma somewhat less slender (fig. 55); medio-basal hole of Ist tergite rounded-truncate posteriorly (fig. 64); length of malar space of 9 ca. 0.6 times basaliwidth of mandible (fig.62)'. .....».......... flavipenne Granger Amicrocentrum Schulz Platyxanion subgen. nov. (figs. 6—17) Etymology: from “‘platys” (Greek for “broad, wide, flat’’) and “xanion” (Greek for ‘‘comb’’) because of the rather flat and wide fore tibial spur and comb, which serves as a cleaning-device (figs. 57—59). Gender: neuter. Type-species: Amicrocentrum seyrigi Granger, 1949. Diagnosis. — Ocelli rather small, OOL distinctly longer than diameter of ocellus (fig. 14); mandible not twisted apically; notauli absent (fig. 11); second abscissa of mediella slightly curved (fig. 8); third and fourth abscissae of radius with only yellowish pigment and not sclerotized; nervulus postfurcal or interstitial (fig. 8); radiella straight basally; nervellus distinctly reclivous (fig. 8); glymma reduced; third (at least apically) and following tergites felty setose (figs. 15, 17). Distribution. — Malagasy: one species. Note. Apomorphous character-states of Platyxanion are: 1— notauli absent; 2— third (at least partly) and following tergites felty setose; 3— reduction of sclerotization of the radius. The plesiomorphous character-states are: I— second abscissa of mediella slightly curved; 2— ocelli comparatively small; 3— nervulus postfurcal or interstitial. Amicrocentrum (Platyxanion) seyrigi Granger (figs. 6—17) Granger, 1949, Mem. Inst. scient. Madagascar 2A: 374—375, fig. 380. Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 141. Lectotype, 9, length of body 26.1, of fore wing 20.9 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 49, length of 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.0 and 2.5 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.4 and 1.8 times their width, respectively, and apical segment with short spine (fig. 9); dorsal length of eye 1.1. times temple; temple 12 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 rugose, rounded behind, slightly wider than width of head at eyes (fig. 14); POL: & ocellus: OOL= 5:7: 13; frons medially concave and rugose, laterally convex and rugose as vertex; face finely punctate-rugose, depressions from antennal sockets to anterior tentorial pits present (fig. 16); clypeus rather convex, finely and densely punctate; epistomal suture indistinctly developed medially; length of malar space 0.7 times basal width of mandible; malar suture well-developed. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum mainly finely punctate, with some short carinae medially (fig. 6); epicnemial area densely rugose-punctate; precoxal suture densely rugose-punctate, as its surroundings (fig. 6); pleural suture deep and rather narrowly crenulate; episternal scrobe narrowly elliptical; metapleuron coarsely reticulate-punctate, but more rugose ventrally; scutellar suture with ca. 16 short carinae; scutellum convex, finely and densely punctate; side of scutellum carinate; surface of propodeum densely punctate; propodeal spiracle elliptical. Wings. — Metacarpella complete; r 1:r2:r3 = 13:39: 115;d1:d2 =4: 73; cuguili: 2 cuqu 2 — 2439.29 Legs. — Hind coxa densely and coarsely punctate dorsally, rather smooth ventrally; length of hind tibia ca. 2.1 times hind femur (fig. 10); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.0, 12.0 and 11.4 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.34 and 0.28 times basitarsus, slightly curved (fig. 10). Metasoma. — Length of first tergite 3.5 times its apical width, its surface somewhat microsculptured medially, but mainly smooth (fig. 17); length of ovipositor sheath 1.10 times fore wing; hypopygium somewhat roundly emargined apically. Colour. — Light brown; tibiae and tarsi more yellowish brown; wing membrane yellowish. Lectotype in MNHN: “Madagascar, Ranomafana” ‘Muséum Paris, X.38. A. Seyrig”, “49”, “Type”. Lectotype herewith selected and labelled accordingly. Paralectotypes: (MNHN) 10 & of which 6 examined, all from Malagasy, Bekily and all collected in January or February. Antennal segments 44 (2), 45 (1) or 46 (1); length of fore wing 16.0—18.5, of body 19—24 mm; Ist and 2nd tergites with the typical depressions (fig. 15). Additional specimens examined, all from MNHN and collected in Malagasy: 1 9, Vohémar, heavily damaged, nervulus interstitial; 1 9, Fort Dauphin, cuqu 2 absent in right wing but in the left wing nearly complete; 1 3, Analandravaka, 25.111.1936, antennal segments 44, malar suture almost absent, length of fore wing 19.5, of body 26 mm. Note. This is a very distinctive species, which is isolated from other species of Amicrocentrum. The species is interesting in its combination of plesiomorphous character-states, such as the slightly curved second abscissa of the mediella, and apomorphous character-states, such as the absence of notauli. VAN ACHTERBERG: Amicrocentrinae 13 Amicrocentrum Schulz, subgenus (figs. 18—68) Schulz, 1911, Zool, Annin 4: 88. Szépligeti, 1904, Genera Insect. 22: 145 (Megacentrus; nec Heer, 1852). Cameron, 1912, Annls Soc. ent. Belg. 56: 370 (Eiolo). Type-species: Megacentrus concolor Szépligeti. Diagnosis. — Ocelli large, OOL subequal to diameter of ocellus (fig. 20) or shorter (fig. 38); mandible weakly twisted apically; notauli narrowly developed (fig. 27); second abscissa of mediella strongly sinuate (fig. 25); 3rd and 4th abscissae of radius at least weakly sclerotized; nervulus narrowly antefurcal (fig. 37); basally radiella weakly curved anterad (fig. 37); nervellus straight or weakly reclivous (figs. 25, 37); glymma rather deep anteriorly; 3rd and following tergites only densely setose, pilose (fig. 49). Distribution. — Afrotropical: four species, one restricted to Malagasy and three to continental Africa. Note. Apomorphous character-states of Amicrocentrum s.s. are: 1— second abscissa of mediella strongly sinuate; 2— nervulus narrowly antefurcal; 3— ocelli large. Plesiomorphous character-states are: 1— notauli present; 2— 3rd and following tergites only densely setose; 3— radius sclerotized. Amicrocentrum (Amicrocentrum) concolor (Szépligeti) (figs. 18 —29, 57—59) Szépligeti, 1904, Genera Insect. 22: 146, pl. 3, fig. 19 (in Megacentrus). Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4 (1): 141. Holotype, 9, length of body 18.1, of fore wing 16.0 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 48, length of 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.6 and 3.1 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.8 and 1.6 times their width, respectively, and apical segment without an apical spine (fig. 26); dorsal length of eye 2.4 times temple; temple mainly smooth, somewhat punctate ventrally and subparallel behind eyes (fig. 20); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 14 : 8: 7; frons concave and coarsely rugose; vertex punctate; face medially smooth, laterally coarsely reticulate-punctate, with deep grooves from anterior tentorial pits to both sides of the antennal sockets (fig. 22); clypeus rather convex, punctate; epistomal suture obliterated medially; length of malar space 0.2 times basal width of mandible; malar suture narrow, indistinctly developed. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; ventral half of side of pronotum smooth, posteriorly partly coarsely rugose, remaining area remotely punctate and with a deep short crenulate suture (fig. 18); epicnemial area rugose- punctate; mesopleuron dorsally finely and densely punctate but mainly smooth near the pleural suture and ventrally more coarsely punctate; precoxal suture coarsely reticulate-punctate; pleural suture narrowly and densely crenulate, rather deep; episternal scrobe absent; metapleuron rather coarsely punctate and 14 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 ventrally rugose; scutellar suture with ca. 20 short carinae; scutellum convex, punctulate, but medially mainly smooth; side of scutellum punctate-rugose; surface of propodeum densely punctate-rugose, posteriorly more coarsely sculptured and with a rather long medial carina; propodeal spiracle subelliptical. Wings. — Metacarpella complete; r1:r2:r3 = 10:38:91;d1:d2=-2:51; cugu 1: r2 -cuqu2 — 16-38. 21. Legs. — Hind coxa densely punctate dorsally; hind tibia missing, but its.length ca. 1.9—2.0 times hind femur in other specimens; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of middle leg 6.3, 9.6, and 14.0 times their width, respectively, these measurements of the hind leg in the 9 from Urundi are 5.7, 13.0 and 8.6 times, respectively; length of middle tibial spurs both 0.2 times their basitarsus, straight. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.3 times its apical width, its surface punctate-rugose, but apically smooth (fig. 29); length of 2nd tergite 1.4 times its maximum width; length of ovipositor sheath 1.24 times fore wing; hypopygium somewhat concave medio-apically. Colour. — Light brown (but other specimens usually more yellowish); apices of mandibles and stemmaticum, blackish; pterostigma brownish yellow; wing membrane brownish; 4th segment somewhat darker brown. Holotype in TMA: “Africa or., Kilima-Ndjaro” “Kilimandscharo” (old hand written label), “Holotype Megacentrus concolor Szepl., 1904, det. Papp ’67’’, “Hym. Typ. No. 781, Mus. Budapest’. Additional specimens examined: 18 ©, 5 G and | specimen without metasoma. From Benin (Djougou Kouandé), Burundi (Usumbula), East Africa (Jombene Range, I could not trace this locality), Zaire (Kivu: Kavimoira (Uvira), at light; Kasenyi), Kenya (Tsavo N.P. (E.): Lion Hill near Voi (500—600 m, deciduous orthophyll savanna, at light); Una (Nziu); Naivasha; Kenani (Mtito Andei) Samburu Game Reserve (Public Camp Site 1, at light); Galana R. (2 ml E. of Tsavo N.P.); Nakuru), Uganda (Karamoja); Ethiopia (Hawash, ca. 3500 ft.); Namibia (Hohnung); S. Africa (Shilouvana (N. Transvaal)) (MNHN, TC, USNM, MAC, BM, LH, RMNH, NMK). Variation: Length of fore wing 7.8—17.0 mm, length of 2nd tergite 1.4—1.8 times its width, antennal segments 46—52, length of ovipositor sheath 1.28—1.50 times fore wing, length of Ist tergite 2.4—3.5 times its apical width, 4th tergite mainly dark brown, contrasting with other, yellowish tergites. Collected in April (10), December (3) and July (2). Amicrocentrum (Amicrocentrum) curvinervis (Cameron) (figs. 30—41) Cameron, 1912, Annls Soc. ent. Belg. 56: 372 (in Eiolo). Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4 (1): 141. Holotype, 9, length of body 18.5, of fore wing 12.3 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 25, but apical part absent, length of 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.6 and 3.2 times their width, respectively; dorsal length of eye 2.9 times temple; temple punctate, except near VAN ACHTERBERG: Amicrocentrinae 15 eyes, rounded behind and sides almost subparallel (fig. 38); POL : & ocellus : OOL = 11: 11:6; frons medially concave, with some rugae; vertex finely and densely punctate; face coarsely and densely punctate, depressions at the inner side of the antennal sockets only (fig. 32); clypeus convex, densely punctate; epistomal suture complete; length of malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible; malar suture narrowly developed. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; medio-anterior side of pronotum with a deep crenulate furrow, medially and apically rugose-punctate, dorso-apically densely and rather coarsely punctate, ventral half of pronotum smooth but punctulate anteriorly (fig. 30); epicnemial area punctate; precoxal suture coarsely and densely punctate, rest of mesopleuron more remotely punctate; pleural suture narrowly and indistinctly crenulate; episternal scrobe absent; metapleuron densely punctate; scutellar suture with 20, mainly rather short, carinae; scutellum rather convex, punctate laterally, almost smooth medially; side of scutellum punctate-rugose; surface of propodeum coarsely and densely punctate; propodeal spiracle subelliptical. Wings. — Metacarpella complete;r1l:r2:r3=7:32:71;d1:d2=-2:85; enqul:r2:cuqu2 = 12:32: 16. Legs. — Hind coxa punctate dorsally; length of hind tibia ca. 2.2—2.3 times hind femur (fig. 34); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.0, 18.2 and 19.0 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.2 times hind basitarsus, straight. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 4.0 times its apical width, its surface densely and finely punctate, but apical and basal fifths mainly smooth; length of 2nd tergite 2.3 times its maximum width (fig. 41), sides of the tergite parallel; length of ovipositor sheath 1.77 times fore wing; hypopygium truncate apically. Colour. — Brownish yellow; stemmaticum and tips of mandibles, dark brown; wing membrane brownish. Holotype in MAC: “Type”, Musée du Congo Belge, Kasai: Eiolo, 16—1—06, Waelbroeck”, “R.Det., E., 189”, “Eiolo curvinervis Cam., Type” (in Cameron’s handwriting), “Amicrocentrum concolor (Szpl.) (= Eiolo curvinervis Cam.), H. De Saeger, det. 1942”. Additional specimens examined: 31 9 and 2 &. From Zaire (1 © without precise locality, “Megacentrus concolor Szepl., det. Enderlein, 1918”; Magalo (Ubangi); Lisala Ter.; Libenge; Jaradje (Ituri, Kasima); Tuku (Haut Uelé); Moto (id.); Yebo Moto (id.); Paulis (id.); Watsa (id.); Congo da Lemba; Bambesa; Bombona (Ubangi); Gemena (id.); Bakere (id.); Kunzolo); Benin (?city); Uganda (Bwamba; Zika Forest (= near Entebbe, “ex larva B. fusca’) (MAC, PAN, TC, LH, NMK, RMNH). The variation is considerable: length of fore wing 10.0—18.0 mm, length of ovipositor sheath 1.60—2.01 times fore wing, antennal segments 51—59, length of Ist tergite 3.1—4.4 times its apical width (exceptionally in males 2.8 times), length of 2nd tergite 2.0—2.5 times its maximum width (in males up to 2.8 times), sides of 2nd tergite parallel, 4th tergite yellowish, not contrasting with other tergites. This species, like exilis, seems to be more restricted to the tropical forest, while concolor may be restricted to more savanna-like habitats. 16 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 Amicrocentrum (Amicrocentrum) exilis spec. nov. (figs. 42—53) Holotype, 9, length of body 20.9, of fore wing 19.4 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 53, 3rd segment equal to 4th segment, 3rd and 4th segments both 4.0 times their width, both penultimate segments 2.5 and 3.0 times their width, respectively, apical segment sharp apically, but spine not well developed (fig. 51); dorsal length of eye 2.3 times temple; temple almost smooth, indistinctly punctulate and rounded behind (fig. 50); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 8: 13 : 7; medially frons concave, smooth except for a few short carinae; vertex indistinctly punctulate; face below antennal sockets punctate-rugose, rest of face remotely punctate, unevenly convex dorsally, flattened ventrally; clypeus flattened, remotely punctulate; epistomal suture obliterated dorsally; length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible; malar suture indistinctly developed. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum almost smooth, except for some crenulae medio-posteriorly and some punctulation near the margins (fig. 42); epicnemial area finely striate-rugose anteriorly, remotely punctate dorsally as surroundings of precoxal suture; precoxal suture densely and finely rugose-punctate; pleural suture narrow, rather shallow and indistinctly crenulate; episternal scrobe absent, except for an indistinct longitudinal impression; metapleuron remotely punctate; scutellar suture with 9 short carinae; scutellum convex, remotely punctulate; side of scutellum punctulate and with some carinae; surface of propodeum densely and rather finely reticulate-rugose, medially longitudinally depressed; propodeal spiracle elliptical. Wings. — Metacarpella complete; r 1:r2:r3 = 12:46: 137;d1:d2=-3: 100; cuqu Fr 2 :cuqu2 = 17 246: 23. Legs. — Hind coxa finely and remotely punctate; length of hind tibia ca. 2.4 times hind femur (fig. 44); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 7.8, 18.2 and 15.8 times their width, respectively; length of hind tibial spurs 0.25 and 0.20 times hind basitarsus, slightly curved apically, but almost straight. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 4.4 times its apical width, its surface smooth, except for some microsculpture laterally, only medially sparsely setose, and medio-basal hole rather sharp apically (fig. 49); length of 2nd tergite 3.0 times its maximum width; length of ovipositor sheath ca. 1.47 times fore wing; hypopygium truncate apically. Colour. — Brownish yellow; stemmaticum, tips of mandibles, flagellum (but apically more yellowish), wing venation (but its basal half yellowish), dark brown; pterostigma and ovipositor sheath brown; wing membrane rather hyaline. Holotype in TC: “Zika Forest (= near Entebbe), Uganda, viii.23,’63, G. Lancaster”. Paratypes: (9 © and 4 3): 1 ©, topotypic, ix—x.1963 (RMNH); 2 9 and 3 &, Zaire, Eala, xi.1935, J. Ghesquiere (MAC, RMNH); 1 9, Zaire, Kunungu, 1938 (Nkele, coll. Schouteden ) (MAC); 1 9, Zaire, Riv. Busira, vi.1936, J. Ghesquiere (MAC); 1 9, Sankuru: Katako-Kombe, 14.viii.1952, M. Fontaine (MAC); 1 9, Zaire, N. Lac Kivu: Reankwi, 19.1x.1947, J. v. Leroy (RMNH); | ©, Oyoko-Cacas Stn, Oyoka-Ghana, 24.ii-1959, parasite: Eulophonotus myrmeleon VAN ACHTERBERG: Amicrocentrinae 17 (BM); 1 ©, Uganda, 7 mls from Entebbe, Zika Forest, iii—vi.1961, P. S. Corbet (BM); 1 &, Tanzania, Ukerewe I., Father Conrad (NMK). Variation: Antennal segments 55 (3); length of fore wing 14.0—21.0.mm; length of ovipositor sheath 1.31—1.37 times fore wing; length of Ist tergite 4.4—5.1 times its apical width, but in one male 3.2 times; length of 2nd tergite to 3.2 times its maximum width; length of malar space 0.3—0.5 times basal width of mandible. Amicrocentrum (Amicrocentrum) flavipenne Granger (figs. 54—56, 60—68) Granger, 1949, Mem. Inst. scient. Madagascar 2A: 373—374. Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4 (1): 141. Lectotype, 9, length of body 27.3, of fore wing 20.9 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 51, length of 3rd segment 1.4 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.4 and 4.2 times their width, respectively, both penultimate segments 2.4 and 2.8 times their width, respectively, apical segment without spine (fig. 67); dorsal length of eye 1.8 times temple; temple punctate, rounded behind (fig. 64); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 5: 8 : 6; frons concave, almost smooth; vertex remotely punctate; face rather flat, finely punctate, but below antennal sockets aciculate-punctulate; clypeus flattened, shiny, punctulate; epistomal suture absent dorsally; length of malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible; malar suture absent. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; side of pronotum mainly sparsely punctulate, shiny, almost smooth, but with some carinae medio- anteriorly (fig. 54); epicnemial area almost smooth, but somewhat rugose anteriorly; precoxal suture mainly finely punctate as its surroundings, but near middle somewhat rugose (fig. 54); pleural suture narrowly crenulate; episternal scrobe almost absent; metapleuron finely and remotely punctate; scutellar suture with 9 short carinae; scutellum rather convex, remotely and finely punctate; side of scutellum punctate-rugose; surface of propodeum densely rugose-punctate, without a medial carina; propodeal spiracle circular, protruding. Wings. — Metacarpella of hind wing scarcely developed, reduced and disconnected from the 2nd abscissa of the subcostella (fig. 55);rl:r2:r3= 7:33 mod lad 2 =-2:69;cuqu l:r2:cuqu2= 10: 33: 11. Legs. — Hind coxa almost smooth; length of hind tibia ca. 2.4 times hind femur (fig. 56); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 7.7, 20.3 and 17.5 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia both 0.2 times their basitarsus, subequal, straight. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 6.3 times its apical width, its surface smooth but basally somewhat finely coriaceous, its medio-basal hole round apically (fig. 68); length of 2nd tergite ca. 2.9 times its maximum width; length of ovipositor sheath ca. 1.34 times fore wing; hypopygium truncate apically. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; tips of mandibles and stemmaticum blackish; flagellum dark brown; wing membrane somewhat yellowish. Lectotype in MNHN: ‘Madagascar, Rogez, Forêt cote est”, “Museum Paris, 18 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 iii.37, A. Seyrig”, “53”, “Type”. Herewith selected as lectotype. Paralectotype: 1 3 (MNHN), topotypic, ii.37. Length of fore wing 20.4, of body 26.0 mm; length of Ist tergite 3.7 times its apical width. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am much indebted to the following persons for the loan of types and/or gifts of unidentified specimens. The abbreviations used for the collections are given in brackets. Dr. J. Decelle, Musée Royal de l’ Afrique Central, Tervuren (MAC); Mr. T. Huddleston, British Museum (Natural History), London (BM); Mr. K. Kabuthia, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi (NMK); Dr. S. Kelner-Pillault & Mr. B. Sigwalt, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); Dr. E. Kierych, Instytut Zoologii, Warsaw (PAN); Dr. P. Marsh, USDA c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington (USNM); Dr. J. Papp, Zoological Department of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (TMA); Dr. H. K. Townes, American Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor (TC); Drs. K. W. R. Zwart, Laboratorium voor Entomologie, Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen (LH); (RMNH) = Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden. I wish to express my thanks to Dr. J. R. T. Short (Australian National University, Canberra) for his description of the larva, his useful suggestions and the correction of the English text. LITERATURE Achterberg, C. van, 1975. Een merkwaardige vondst in Voorne’s duinen (Hym., Braconidae). — Ent. Ber., Amst. 35: 15—16, figs. 1—5. —., 1976a. A revision of the tribus Blacini (Hym., Braconidae, Helconinae). — Tijdschr. Ent. 118 (7): 159—322, figs. 1—476, 2 tables. , 1976b. A preliminary key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hym.). — Tijdschr. Ent. 119 (3): 33—78, figs. 1—123, I table. Brothers, D. J., 1975. Phylogeny and classification of the aculeate Hymenoptera, with special reference to Mutillidae. — Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 50 (11): 483648, figs. 1—101, tables 1—7. Cameron, P., 1912. On the Hymenoptera from Belgian Congo in the Congo Museum, Tervueren. — Annls Soc. ent. Belg. 56: 357—401. Capek, M., 1970. A new classification of the Braconidae (Hym.) based on the cephalic structures of the final instar larva and biological evidence. — Can. Ent. 102 (7): 846—875, figs. 1—58. —, 1973. Key to the final instar larvae of the Braconidae (Hym.). — Acta Inst. forest. Zvol. 259—268, | fig. Granger, C., 1949. Braconides de Madagascar. — Mem. Inst. scient. Madagascar, Ser. A: 1—428, figs. 1—426. Hamilton, K. G. A., 1971. The insect wing, part 1. Origin and development of wings from notal lobes. — J. Kansas ent. Soc. 44 (4): 421—433, figs. 1—18. Schulz, W. A., 1911. Zwei hundert alte Hymenopteren. — Zool. Annin 4: 1—220. Shenefelt, R. D., 1969. Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nov. ed.). Part 4. Braconidae 1: 1—176. — Junk, *s-Gravenhage. Short, J. R. T., 1952. The morphology of the head of the larval Hymenoptera with special reference to the head of the Ichneumonoidea, including a classification of the final instar larvae of the Bra- conidae. — Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 103: 27—84, figs. 1—34. ——., 1978. The final larval instars of the Ichneumonidae. — Mem. Am. ent. Inst. 25: 1—514, figs. 1—802. :, Szépligeti, G. V., 1904. Hymenoptera, Fam. Braconidae. — Genera Insect. 22: 1—253, figs. 1—32. 19 VAN ACHTERBERG: Amicrocentrinae :SSUIM 6 9UIJ-[BIS x Q'S ‘6 -9UI[-A[IS :7] —O| 89 euuaque ‘7] ‘399dse [esıop ‘wnzouosau ‘I | ‘39] pury ‘OI ‘euuaque Jo xade ‘6 8 :1011sodrAo ‘/ “joodse je1oze[ ‘snyrgey ‘9 ‘ad(10199] ‘103ueIO 1814405 unAuo90.01UPY *7|—9 ‘STK 20 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 Figs. 13—17. Amicrocentrum seyrigi Granger, lectotype (but 15 of paralectotype). 13, outer middle claw; 14, head, dorsal aspect; 15, Ist-3rd tergites, dorsal aspect; 16, head, frontal aspect; 17, Ist-3rd tergites, dorsal aspect. 13: 5.0 x scale-line; 14—17: scale-line 2A VAN ACHTERBERG: Amicrocentrinae ‘QUI[-9[eos :17 tJoNisodiAO € 6l ‘ auij-oreos x 9'7 :£7 {QuI-ojeos X £'] :7Z ‘07 61 ‘81 ‘ded Jo [re19p ‘eq ‘jo0dse jezuouy ‘peay ‘77 89] a]ppiw € ‘ IT 6 ‘yoadse [esıop ‘peau ‘07 ‘yoodse [esse] ‘snugey ‘g] ‘odAjojoy ‘(n2811d9ZS) 40709u09 wnAuosoamwy "ET— 8 ‘S814 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 22 ‘euusjue J auij-ojeos x 0°7 :87 ‘oUIJ-ofeIS X £'| :67 ‘LZ :aUl]-ayeos x Q'S :97 ‘aUIj-2/09S :ST ‘pq joodse [esiop 'saJ1819) pug pue Is] ‘67 :snjjas1pad jo jrezop ‘g7 !199dse |esiop "wnJouosaw ‘/7 o xade ‘97 :s8uim ‘sq ‘euuaque ‘pq ‘adAjojou ‘(n9811d9ZS) 40709u09 WNAJUaIOAIIU PY ‘67—t7 ‘SBI 23 VAN ACHTERBERG: Amicrocentrinae AUIJ-A[BIS X O'7.:EE ‘TE -DUI-3JEDS x 0°S ‘IE “AUI[-A[BIS :9E—PE ‘OE ‘IOUSOAIAO ‘ge !euusjue ‘CE 89 pury ‘pe “euuague Jo oseq JO [IeYop ‘€€ ‘joodse [e]uo1] ‘peau ‘ze ‘mejo PUTY Jajno UO Yydıs [ny YUM snsIe) -0[9) pury ‘je ‘309dse jesoye] ‘snyqey ‘QE “edAjojoy ‘(UOISWIEI) StadauIA sno WNAUI041UY “9E—OE ‘S314 F = < 9€ = a x da TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 24 SUI[-2189S X-0°7 :1t Op SE ‘QUIj-ajeos :6£ ‘LE Voadse jes1op ‘sajıdıa] PUZ pue JS] ‘|p ‘joodse jesiop ‘unjouossui ‘Op 33] a[ppiwu ‘6€ :199dse [esıop ‘peau ‘ge ‘s8uim ‘/£ ‘odAjojou (UOIAWED) SIAAUMANI WMAUI0ANUY "IPLE “SSI 25 VAN ACHTERBERG: Amicrocentrinae au1]-2]e9S :9p—Zh “SBUIM ‘Op ‘uu UE ‘Cy ‘39] pury ‘pp :oyısodıao ‘ep ‘joodse [eisye] ‘snyigey ‘Zp ‘ed4jojou “Aou “oads syjixa WRAJUSIOHIUY "Ip — Th ‘STIA 26 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 Figs. 47—53. Amicrocentrum exilis spec. nov., holotype. 47, head, frontal aspect; 48, apex of hind tarsus, outer aspect; 49, Ist—3rd tergites, dorsal aspect; 50, head, dorsal aspect; 51, apex of antenna; 52, apex of hind tibia, outer aspect; 53, mesonotum, dorsal aspect. 47, 50: 2.0 x scale-line; 48, 51, 52: 5.0 x sca- le-line; 49, 53: scale-line DAT VAN ACHTERBERG: Amicrocentrinae auf “21898 x 0°7 :6S_LS + 9Ul]-9]B9S :09 ‘95—pS ‘309dse Jarno ‘66 ‘39adse 1auur ‘gg ‘joodse [1978] ‘LS “IopuYy om ‘efuay ‘è Jo Inds jerqn 9103 ‘(11931]d9z6) 40709409 wnauado4oimy 6$—LS ‘10nSOdIAO ‘09 :32] puiy ‘95 ‘sduim ‘6g “joodse [elaye] ‘snyrgey “ps '>dA10799] ‘198ue10 auuadıanyf wnajuavosgUp ‘09 "IS—pS “S314 28 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1, 1979 Figs. 61—68. Amicrocentrum flavipenne Granger, lectotype. 61, apex of middle tarsus; 62, antenna; 63, head, frontal aspect; 64, head, dorsal aspect; 65, inner middle claw; 66, mesonotum, dorsal aspect; 67, apex of antenna; 68, Ist and 2nd tergites, dorsal aspect. 61: 2.0 x scale-line; 62, 64, 66, 68: scale-line; 63: 1.7 x scale-line; 65: 5.0 x scale-line; 67: 4.0 x scale-line A REVISION OF THE NEW SUBFAMILY XIPHOZELINAE (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) by C. VAN ACHTERBERG Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden With 45 text-figures ABSTRACT A new subfamily is erected for the genera Xiphozele Cameron, 1906, and Distilirella gen. nov. Distilirella curvinervosa gen. et spec. nov., from New Guinea, and the species of Xiphozele are described and fully illustrated. INTRODUCTION In the course of a revision of the Macrocentrinae s.l. I have tried to delimit the subfamily Macrocentrinae with the aid of synapomorphous character-states. One of the genera, which proved to be untenable in the Macrocentrinae because of the lack of synapomorphous character-states is Xiphozele Cameron, and a genus with even less apomorphous character-states has now been discovered in New Guinea. The distribution of the Xiphozelinae is restricted to the South East Palaearctic and Oriental regions and New Guinea. There are few specimens of Xiphozelinae in any collection, though they are large, conspicuous insects. Despite this an attempt is made to revise the group. For the scarce literature, see Shenefelt (1969: 174—175) and for the general terminology, see Van Achterberg (1976a: 160—166). PHYLOGENY The new subfamily formed by the genera Xiphozele Cameron and Distilirella ‘gen. nov. possesses the following remarkable apomorphous character-states: 1. A deep and round laterope situated far from the base of the first metasomal tergite (figs. 18, 28). This is a unique character-state, which, as far as I am aware, does not occur in other subfamilies of the Braconidae; there is at most a rather shallow, elliptical laterope far removed from the base of the tergite, e.g., in the genus Zele Curtis (nec auct.). The presence of a laterope is itself a plesiomorphous character-state. 2. The strongly inclivous nervellus of the hind wing, which is exceptional in the Braconidae and probably an apomorphous character-state. Only in the genus Brulleia Szépligeti does the same condition appear. 29 30 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 2, 1979 3. The short ovipositor, about equal to the apical height of the metasoma (fig. 1). An ovipositor about as long as the fore wing or somewhat shorter is often associated in the Braconidae with other plesiomorphous character-states. Therefore the short ovipositor of the Xiphozelinae is considered to be an apomorphous state. 4. The first recurrent vein is far antefurcal (fig. 9); it is a general tendency in the. Braconidae that apical veins retreat towards the base of the wing. Thus an antefurcal recurrent vein is an apomorphous character-state, while Brulleia with its postfurcal first recurrent vein shows the plesiomorphous condition. 5. The presence of an “ophionoid facies” (Gauld & Huddleston, 1976), most pronounced in the yellowish body colour, and the large ocelli and eyes, which are an adaptation to the noctural activity of the parasites. This is probably induced by the nocturnal activity ofthe caterpillars (Noctuidae!) wherein the egg is deposited. _ 6. The absence of the dorsal carinae and the medio-basal depression of the first metasomal tergite (fig. 8). As shown by several groups of Braconidae with many other plesiomorphous character-states (e.g., Doryctinae, Helconinae), the presence of at least short basal dorsal carinae and of a medio-basal depression has to be considered to represent a plesiomorphous character-state. | 7. The spiracle is situated far from the base of the first tergite. This is a general tendency in the Braconidae (Van Achterberg, 1976b: 36); instead of subbasal spiracles (the plesiomorphous condition) the spiracles are situated more or less submedially because of the petiolation of the first tergite. The slender posterior half of the first tergite (fig. 19) in the Xiphozelinae is also unusual. 8. The reduction of the occipital carina. This carina is present in many not closely related groups of Hymenoptera which show many other plesiomorphous character-states. 9. The presence of the lateral carina of the mesoscutum. A well-developed lateral carina seems to be a late development in the history ofthe Braconidae. 10. The claws possess a more or less developed ventral lamella (figs. 16, 35). As pointed out by Brothers (1975: 521) simple bifurcate claws (without a lamella) have to be considered a plesiomorphous character-state inthe Hymenoptera. 11. The long palpi; length of maxillary palp 1.8—2.3 times height of head. The plesiomorphous condition of the maxillary palp in the Braconidae is a length about equal to the height of the head. The plesiomorphous character-states of the Xiphozelinae are: 1. The presence of the first transverse anal, the transverse anellan and the transverse radiellan veins. These veins are weakly developed, but they indicate a more complex (and plesiomorphous state of) venation. The same applies to the presence of the second transverse cubital vein and the long radial vein of the fore wing. 2. The presence of a laterope. In the Ichneumonoidea it is most likely an early development and should therefore be considered a plesiomorphous character- state within the Braconidae. It is common in not closely related groups, which show several other plesiomorphous character-states. 3. The large plical (anal) lobe of the hind wing. A well-developed plical lobe VAN ACHTERBERG: Xiphozelinae 31 such as present in the Symphyta is a plesiomorphous character-state. 4. The metasomal tergites are equally setose. The reduction of the setosity is a common (apomorphous) condition, but it has not taken place in the Xiphozelinae. 5. The fore tibial spur is rather slender, more or less cylindrical and bears a narrow flange on the inner side. This is the common plesiomorphous character- state in the Hymenoptera-Apocrita. 6. The presence of the prepectal and hypostomal carinae. The presence of these carinae is generally accepted to be a plesiomorphous character-state. The carinae are present in many not closely related groups of Hymenoptera which have many other plesiomorphous character-states in common. 7. The maxillary and labial palpi consist of 6 and 4 segments, respectively, and are well-developed. There is a general tendency for reduction of the palpi (Van Achterberg, 1976b: 35), but in the Xiphozelinae the plesiomorphous character- state still occurs. 8. The first discoidal cell is shortly petiolate. A petiolate first discoidal cell is generally considered to be a plesiomorphous character-state in the Hymenoptera. More doubtful character-states are: 1. The metasoma is inserted above the hind coxae. Probably this character-state is plesiomorphous, if it is not inserted extremely high as in the Cenocoeliinae and the Evanioidea. A medially inserted metasoma occurs in several subfamilies of Braconidae which are not closely related (e.g., Helconinae, Macrocentrinae, Orgilinae, Amicrocentrinae, Agathidinae, and Xiphozelinae) as well as in the Ichneumonidae (subfamily Labeninae (= Labiinae sensu Townes)). 2. The radiellan cell of the hind wing is more or less widened apicad (figs. 25, 37). Probably (if in a rather moderate manner) this is a plesiomorphous condition. Less easy to answer is the question of the relationships of the Xiphozelinae. Their inclusion in the Macrocentrinae as done by most previous authors is untenable because of the synapomorphous character-states. The Macrocentrinae have the following synapomorphous character-states: 1—trochantelli apically toothed; 2—plical lobe rather narrow; 3—occipital carina completely absent; 4—claws simple or with a lamella; 5—first recurrent vein far antefurcal. Most of these character-states are absent or at least are not completely present in the Xiphozelinae. The unique apomorphous character-state of the Macrocentrinae, viz., the apically toothed trochantelli, is absent in the Xiphozelinae. The other characters show more or less a tendency to follow the developments in the Xiphozelinae, but the Xiphozelinae have in the round and deep laterope, which is situated far posteriorly, and the strongly inclivous nervellus their own apomorphous character-states not shared by the Macrocentrinae. Of the other apomorphous character-states of the Xiphozelinae the short ovipositor, the ‘ ophionoid facies, the reduction of the dorsal carinae and medio-basal depression of the first tergite, and more posteriorly situated spiracle of the first tergite are independently evolved in the Macrocentrinae, because the plesiomorphous condition is common in the Macrocentrinae. The development of the lateral carinae of the mesoscutum, the reduction of the occipital carina and the far antefurcal first recurrent vein may indicate the same origin, but this conclusion is 32 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 2, 1979 uncertain because they are general tendencies in the Braconidae. The plesiomorphous character-states not present in the Macrocentrinae are the presence of the transverse anellan and radiellan veins and the large plical lobe of the hind wing. A candidate for the sister-group of the Xiphozelinae is formed by the Helconinae s.l., because of the genus Brulleia Szépligeti. Brulleia has also a large plical lobe, an apically dilated radiellan cell, a short second abscissa of the subcostella and an inclivous nervellus. But only the latter is a probable apomorphous character-state, while Brulleia has the first discoidal cell widely sessile, maxillary and labial palpi 5 and 3 segmented, respectively, and the transverse radiellan and anellan veins absent. Besides these apomorphous character-states, it has the second transverse anal vein present, the first recurrent vein postfurcal and a complete occipital carina, which are plesiomorphous character-states not present in the Xiphozelinae. In summary: the position of the Xiphozelinae is uncertain, they are not closely related to the Macrocentrinae s.s. as suggested by other authors. There may be a relationship with the Helconinae s.l., to which they are more closely related than are the Amicrocentrinae. BIOLOGY Only in the case of Xiphozele compressiventris Cameron is something known about the biology. I have examined two females from South India (Karwar, Karnataka, 14.viii.1907, F. R. Bell (BM)), which were reared from the “pupa” (probably cocoon) of Ophiusa simillima Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Watanabe (1969: 327) reported a female bred from a lepidopterous larva feeding on leaves of Quercus spec. at Sapporo. The host species seems to belong to the Noctuidae. The parasite-larva left its host on September 7, 1966, and spun a cocoon within which it passed the winter. The adult emerged from the cocoon on March 23, 1967. The dates of capture of the 6 specimens from Japan are between 25.111 and 28.viii. The cocoon is 12—13 mm long, spindle-shaped, thick, dark brown, and somewhat woolly. Because Noctuid larvae are usually active nocturnally, it is likely that this induces the nocturnal activity of the adult parasites. XIPHOZELINAE subfam. nov. Diagnosis. — Length of body 12.5—20.0, of fore wing 10.5—16.6 mm; antennal segments of 9 53—56, of g 51—S4; pedicellus short, transverse and cylindrical (figs. 1, 28); maxillary and labial palpi long, slender, 6- and 4-segmented, respectively; apical segment of antenna with a long spine apically (fig. 2); ocelli large (figs. 12, 24); anterior tentorial pits large, deep (fig. 10); epistomal suture complete; occipital carina absent dorsally; eye bare; apical margin of clypeus thin and differentiated from clypeus (figs. 22, 40); labrum visible frontally; occipital flange narrowly developed; hypostomal carina present (fig. 7); mandible strongly twisted, both its teeth sharp apically and second tooth much shorter than first VAN ACHTERBERG: Xiphozelinae 33 tooth (figs. 7, 40); pronope and antescutal depression absent; pronotum convex dorsally and with an upwardly directed lamella anteriorly; propleural lamellae developed (fig. 1); dorso-apical corner of pronotum rounded and more or less protruding posteriad (figs. 18, 28); tegulae almost reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron (fig. 1); mesopleuron slightly protruding anteriorly (fig. 18); lateral carina of mesoscutum present in front of tegulae; lateral and middle lobes of mesoscutum equally convex; prepectal carina strongly developed (figs. 1, 28); precoxal suture rather impressed (fig. 18); metapleural flange or lamella large, and sharp apically (figs. 18, 28); dorsal surface of propodeum not differentiated from its posterior surface (fig. 28); propodeum without areola and tubercles; propodeal spiracle large, more or less elliptical (figs. 18, 28); antepropodeal depression rather wide and deep (fig. 39); notauli present; mesoscutal lobes rather convex; scutellar suture wide, long, deep and with one longitudinal carina (figs. 26, 43); scutellum sculptured posteriorly (figs. 6, 26, 43); metanotum rather flat postero-medially (figs. 18, 26); first discoidal cell shortly petiolate and sharp anteriorly (fig. 9); cuqu 2 present; r 3 more or less curved towards metacarp (figs. 25, 37); nervulus interstitial or nearly so (figs. 9, 37); n. rec. far antefurcal; sides of B 1 parallel or nearly so (figs. 9, 37); CU 1 larger than CU 2; nervellus very long, inclivous and posteriorly curved basad (fig. 25); B 1 closed apically, s 1b present; fringes of wings short; parastigma large (fig. 37); intercostal cell absent; aqu | and aqu’ present as weakly pigmented stripes (fig. 25); aqu 2 absent; metacarp ends near apex of radial cell (fig. 9); plical lobe very large and normally setose (fig. 37); radiellan cell widened apicad after the completely developed rqu’ (figs. 25, 37); base of radiella as sclerotized as basella; basella and second abscissa of subcostella short (fig. 9); discoidella absent, but exceptionally a remnant is present (fig. 38); legs slender, length of hind tibia ca. 1.3 times its femur; length of femur and tibia of hind leg 9.0—10.1 and 11.8—15.0 times their width, respectively; hind tibial spurs long, straight, setose and sharp apically; inner hind tibial spur 0.6—0.7 times its basitarsus; hind basitarsus without a ventral row of setae; tarsal claws of 9 witha ventral lamella (figs. 15, 34); shape of inner hind claw equal to its outer claw; fore tibial spur rather slender, more or less cylindrical and with a narrow flange or lamella (figs. 20, 21); trochantelli without teeth, simple apically; apex of hind tibia bristly (fig. 31) or with slender pegs (fig. 11); metasoma inserted medially between dorsal surface of propodeum and the dorsal level of base of hind coxae (figs. 1, 18); length of first metasomal tergite 5.5—6.4 times its apical width; sides of first tergite (sub-)parallel; first tergite flat or convex medio-basally; dorsal carinae of first tergite absent (fig. 39); laterope deep, round and large, at basal third of first tergite, just in front of spiracle and far removed from the base of the tergite (figs. 18, 19); dorsope absent; metasoma evenly setose; second tergite smooth as following tergites, with a weakly developed lateral crease (fig. 28); metasoma strongly compressed apicad (fig. 19); ovipositor straight and with a shallow subapical notch (figs. 1, 28); length of ovipositor sheath 0.05—0.07 times fore wing; hypopygium large and truncate apically (fig. 28). Distribution. — South East Palaearctic and Oriental regions and New Guinea. 34 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 2, 1979 Key to genera of the Xiphozelinae l. Prepectal carina reaches anterior margin of mesopleuron (fig. 1); occipital carina far removed from hypostomal carina ventrally (fig. 7); basella of hind wing straight (fig. 5); nervulus abruptly bent distad and with a sclerome (figs. 17, 27); scutellum without a lateral carina (fig. 26); tarsal claws of © with only one narrow.submediallamella (fig) 27.0 un, Xiphozele Cameron — Prepectal carina remains far removed from the anterior margin of mesopleuron (fig. 28); occipital carina reaching hypostomal carina ventrally (fig. 32); basella strongly curved (fig. 45); nervulus straight (fig. 33), without a sclerome; scutellum with a lateral carina (fig. 43); tarsal claws of 9 with two lamellae, the 2nd lamella subapically attached to the submedial lamella (fig. SO ioe scat er saline Re a ee ae Distilirella gen. nov. Xiphozele Cameron (figs. 1—27) Cameron, 1906, Entomologist 39: 204. Enderlein, (1918) 1920, Arch. Naturgesch. 84A (11): 219 (Cerotopia). Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 174—175. Watanabe, 1969, Proc. ent, Soc. Wash. 71(3): 325—327, figs. 8—9. Sharma, 1975, Oriental Ins. 9(2): 173—175, figs. 1—5. Type-species: Xiphozele compressiventris Cameron Diagnosis. — Apex of scapus rather roundly emarginated (fig. 18); occipital ca- rina far removed from hypostomal carina (fig. 7); eyes not (fig. 22) or scarcely visi- bly emarginated at inner side (fig. 10); teeth of mandible robust (fig. 10); apical margin of clypeus more (fig. 22) or less (fig. 10) emarginated; prepectal carina reaches anterior margin of mesopleuron (figs. 1, 18); episternal scrobe absent or nearly so (fig. 18); scutellum without a lateral carina (fig. 26), widely sculptured posteriorly (figs. 6, 26); cu 1 straight or nearly so (fig. 9); nervulus abruptly bent distad, much narrower than surrounding veins, interstitial with basal vein and with a sclerome (figs. 17, 27); SM more (fig. 17) or less (fig. 27) bare apically; basella straight; metacarpella weakly curved or rather straight (figs. 5, 25), exceptionally strongly curved (fig. 9 in Watanabe, 1969); tarsal claws of 9 setose and with a sub- medial lamella (figs. 15, 16); tarsal claws of G with a large, somewhat inward directed and apically sharp lamella (figs. 13, 14); laterope deep (fig. 8) or very deep (fig. 19), more or less removed from each other; ovipositor sheath stout (fig. 1), but unknown of burmensis. Distribution. — Australian (New Guinea), Oriental and South East Palaearctic: two species. Note. — Apomorphous character-states of Xiphozele are: 1—nervulus abruptly bent distad; 2— SM more or less bare; 3—sclerome present in fore wing; 4—claws with a ventral lamella; 5—occipital carina absent ventrally; 6—ovipositor sheath stout; 7—prepectal carina present antero-dorsaily, reaching anterior edge of me- sopleuron. Plesiomorphous character-states are: 1—basella straight; 2—metacar- pella weakly curved or almost straight; 3—scutellum without a lateral carina. VAN ACHTERBERG: Kiphozelinae 35 Key to species of Kiphozele Cameron l. Mesoscutal lobes brownish yellow; wing membrane hyaline; vertex punctulate or smooth (fig. 12); clypeal margin weakly concave medially (fig. 10); submedial cell mainly bare (fig. 17), exceptionally with ca. 30 EE err REA RETE PT compressiventris Cameron — Mesoscutal lobes mainly dark brown; wing membrane more or less brownish; vertex punctate (fig. 24); clypeal margin rather deeply concave medially (fig. 22); submedial cell mainly sparsely setose (fig. 27), usually with at least ca. 30 EEE UNE aa Ee oo EEM fee burmensis Sharma Xiphozele compressiventris Cameron (figs. 1—17) Cameron, 1906, Entomologist 39: 205. Enderlein, (1918) 1920, Arch. Naturgesch. 89 A(11): 220, fig. 11 (Cerotopia corneimacula). Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 174—175. Watanabe, 1969, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 71(3): 325—327, figs. 8, 9. Sharma, 1975, Oriental Ins. 9(2): 173, 175. Redescribed after a 9 from Sri Lanka, compared with holotype. Length of body 15.0, of fore wing 11.5 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 53, length of 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.0 and 3.2 times their width, respectively, penultimate segments 2.3 and 3.0 times their width, respectively, and apical segment with a long spine (fig. 2); length of maxillary palp 2.2 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 3.6 times temple; temple roundly receding (fig. 12); POL: 5 ocellus: OOL = 10: 9: 3; frons almost flat and smooth; vertex mainly smooth; occipital carina absent, except for a lateral remnant at middle level of eyes (fig. 7, in all other specimens examined there is at least a vague remnant present); face convex, punctulate, shiny, but coriaceous near the medial convexity; clypeus strongly convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus weakly concave (fig. 10); length of malar space 0.6.times basal width of mandible; malar suture weakly developed (fig. 10). Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum smooth, but medially and posteriorly somewhat crenulate and weakly striate below the deep antero-dorsal depression (fig. 1); epicnemial area mainly weakly punctate; precoxal suture coarsely reticulate-punctate and its surroundings weakly punctate; pleural suture densely and narrowly crenulate, rather shallow and narrow (fig. 1); metapleuron coarsely reticulate; notauli distinctly impressed, but smooth (fig. 6); mesoscutal lobes indistinctly punctulate-coriaceous; side of scutellum remotely crenulate; metanotum with one medial carina and a pair of parallel carinae sublaterally (fig. 6); surface of propodeum rather finely and closely reticulate, but anteriorly and posteriorly narrowly smooth, without a medial carina, except for a weakly developed short part anteriorly. Wings. — rl:r2:r3 = 16: 20: 52; cuqu | : r2: cuqu 2 = 17: 20: 12, r3 curved anteriad; metacarpella curved (fig. 5, in some other specimens rather strongly); 36 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 2, 1979 SM with ca. 10 setae (in other specimens exceptionally as many as ca. 30 setae). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 9.0, 11.8 and 10.6 times their width, respectively; length of hind tibial spurs 0.7 and 0.6 times their basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 6.0 times its apical width, its surface mainly smooth (fig. 8), but weakly transversely aciculate medially and weakly punctate posteriorly; base of Ist tergite tube-shaped and with a pair of short ventral carinae (fig. 1); whole Ist tergite convex, but basally weakly, and its spiracles not protruding; length of ovipositor sheath 0.05 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish yellow; tips of mandibles, direct surroundings of ocelli, wing veins mainly, more or less dark brown; apical half of metasoma somewhat infuscated; base of Ist tergite, tibiae and tarsi rather whitish yellow; wing membrane hyaline. Holotype (only type-specimen) in BM; type-locality: Sikkim; no. 3.c.683. According to Mr. T. Huddleston (in litt.), who was kind enough to examine the type, this specimen has the submedial cell bare except for about 20 setae and the mesoscutum is entirely without any dark brown coloration. The specimen figured and redescribed is from Kandy: “E. Comber, Feb.’10, Kandy (Sri Lanka)”, “1910/ 255”, “Cerotopia corneimaculata End., G. Nixon, det 1948” (BM). Additionally, 10 © and 2 Z have been examined from New Guinea (Humboldt Bay District, Bewani Mts.), Indonesia (Sumatra, Sukaranda, type of Cerotopia corneimacula Enderlein), Sarawak (Kuching, at night, in house), Sri Lanka (Kandy, 2000 ft.), India (Karwar, Karnataka, S. India, ex Ophiusa simillima Guenée), China (Kouy Tcheou, Se Tchouen), Taiwan (Sunmoon Lake) and Japan (Wakayama; Hayatuki, Toyama, Honsyu) (BM, EI, TC, USNM, MNHN, PAN, RMNH). Variation: antennal segments of 9 56 (1 specimen), of & 51 or 53 (2 specimens), length of ovipositor sheath 0.05 times fore wing; length of fore wing 10.5—16.6, of body 14.2—20.0 mm; length of Ist tergite 5.8—6.0 times its apical width; length of metasoma 2.5—2.6 times length of metasoma. Xiphozele burmensis Sharma (figs. 18 —27) Sharma, 1975, Oriental Ins. 9(2): 173—175, figs. 1—5. Holotype, 9 (according to the original description, but apical part of metasoma and all claws lost), length of body (without apical half of metasoma): 12.0, of fore wing 13.6 mm. | Head. — Remnant of antenna consists of 8 segments (antennal segments of paratype 50, of & from China 55), length of 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.1 and 3.3 times their width, respectively, penultimate segments absent but in G from China 2.0 and 1.6 times their width and apical segment with a long spine; length of maxillary palp 1.8 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.8 times temple; temple rounded behind (fig. 24); POL: @ ocellus : OOL = 28: 13: 15; frons mainly flat, smooth; occipital carina absent, but dorso-laterally a weakly developed and short remnant is present (as in both other specimens examined); vertex punctate (fig. 24); face convex, punctate, with a VAN ACHTERBERG: Xiphozelinae 37 short medio-dorsal ridge (fig. 22); clypeus strongly convex, densely punctate; length of malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible; malar suture absent. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.2 times its height; side of pronotum smooth dorsally, rugulose with some crenulae ventrally, and medially depressed, with some crenulae (fig. 18); epicnemial area punctate and somewhat rugose; precoxal suture coarsely rugose-reticulate; pleural suture indistinctly crenulate, narrow, ventrally smooth except for some crenulae (fig. 18); metapleuron reticulate-carinate; notauli only in posterior half distinctly impressed and crenulate, anteriorly only rugulose (fig. 26); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; side of scutellum somewhat indistinctly rugose; metanotum with 3 carinae medially and a pair of submedial carinae (fig. 26); surface of propodeum coarsely transversely reticulate-rugose, with a short carina anteriorly, situated in a weak depression. Wings, —r l:r 2:r 3 = 29:49:139; cuqu 1:r 2: cuqu 2 = 38:49:26; r 3 weakly curved towards metacarp; metacarpella rather straight, weakly curved (fig. 25); SM with ca. 80 setae. Legs. — Hind coxa weakly and remotely punctate; all tarsal claws absent; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 10.1, 12.8 and 11.0 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times their basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 5.5 times its apical width, its surface mainly smooth in front of spiracle, behind spiracle rugose and with a medial crest-shaped carina (fig. 19); whole Ist tergite distinctly convex; spiracles weakly protruding; shape and length of ovipositor sheath unknown. Colour. — Brownish yellow; tips of mandibles, apices of medial antennal segments (of paratype), stemmaticum and its surroundings, wing veins and mesoscutal lobes mainly, more or less dark brown; hind tarsus whitish yellow; wing membrane somewhat brownish, more pronounced near sclerome (fig. 27). Holotype in NR: “N. E. Burma, Kambaiti, 2000 m, 19/5, 1934, Malaise’’, “Riksmuseum Stockholm”, “Holotype Xiphozele burmensis V. Sharma, 1974”. One paratype: topotypic, NR, metasoma absent, length of fore wing 14.4 mm, SM with ca. 30 setae, vertex coarsely punctate, colour as holotype, POL: @ ocellus : OOL = 12: 10:5, claws with a ventral lamella, somewhat more developed than in 9 of compressiventris (fig. 16). Additionally examined 2 g from China: “Suifu, SZ., China, VI. 1—21, 1928, alt. 1000—1500, D. C. Graham Coll.” (USNM); tarsal lamella enlarged in respect to the lamella of 9, about equally shaped as lamella of & of compressiventris (fig. 13); length of metasoma 2.7 times length of mesosoma; length of fore wing 13.8, of body 17.6 mm; metasoma infuscated apically, further equally coloured as holotype; SM densely setose. Second male is from Shanghai (1898, J. de Joannis, MNHN) with wings only weakly infuscate, SM with 24 setae, clypeus less concave than in type, length of fore wing 12.1 mm and of body 16.1 mm. Note. — X. burmensis is closely related to compressiventris and is rather variable. The characters given by Sharma (1975: 175) are not suitable for separation of the two species. Firstly because she confuses Cameron’s meaning of the term “metanotum” (= propodeum) with the modern meaning of this term. Secondly the length of the metasoma in respect to the mesosoma is variable; the male of 38 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 2, 1979 burmensis from China has a comparatively longer metasoma (2.7 times mesosoma) even than several specimens of compressiventris (2.5—2.6 times). Finally the differences in length of the body of parasites are usually unsuitable for species separation, as proven again by the small series examined for this revision. Distilirella gen. nov. (figs. 28—45) Etymology: from “distantia” (Latin for “‘remoteness”) and “lirella” (Latin for a “small ridge’’), because the prepectal carina is remote from the anterior edge of the mesopleuron. Gender: feminine. Type-species: Distilirella curvinervosa spec. nov. Diagnosis. — Apex of scapus slightly inclivous (fig. 28); occipital carina reaching hypostomal carina ventrally, far above mandibular base (fig. 32); eyes not emarginated, at most with a scarcely visible bend on the inner sides (fig. 40); teeth of mandible rather slender (fig. 40); apical margin of clypeus straight medially; prepectal carina remains far removed from anterior margin of mesopleuron (fig. 28); episternal scrobe deep and rather round (fig. 28); scutellum with a curved lateral carina, which is absent posteriorly (fig. 43); scutellum narrowly sculptured: posteriorly (fig. 43); cu 1 weakly sinuate (fig. 37); nervulus straight, only slightly narrower than surrounding veins, slightly postfurcal and without a sclerome (fig. 33); SM setose, but in basal half less densely setose than in apical half; basella and metacarpella strongly curved (fig. 45); tarsal claws of © indistinctly yellowish, pectinate and with a submedial lamella at which another subapical lobe is situated (figs. 34, 35); tarsal claws of ¢ bifurcate, without lamella (figs. 41, 42); laterope very deep, almost touching each other (fig. 39); ovipositor sheath rather slender, its sides subparallel (fig. 28). Distribution. — Australian (New Guinea): one species. Note. Apomorphous character-states of Distilirella are: 1—basella and metacarpella strongly curved; 2—tarsal claws of 9 with double lamellae; 3—scutellum with a lateral carina. Additional plesio-morphous character-states are: 1—nervulus straight and equally developed; 2—SM setose; 3—sclerome of fore wing absent; 4—claws of ¢ bifurcate; 5—ventral half of occipital carina present; 6—ovipositor sheath slender; 7—prepectal carina remains far removed from anterior margin of mesopleuron. Distilirella curvinervosa spec. nov. (figs. 28—45) Holotype, 9, length of body 12.5, of fore wing 11.7 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 47 (but apical segments absent), length of 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment; length of 3rd and 4th segments 5.1 and 4.0 times their width, respectively, and both penultimate segments absent (in allotype they are 2.3 and 3.0 times their width and apical segment with a long spine (fig. 36)); length of maxillary palp 2.3 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 3.4 times temple; temple roundly receding and punctulate (fig. 44); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 9:8:8; frons weakly concave and smooth; ventral half of occipital carina completely present, reaching middle level of eye (fig. 32); face punctulate, weakly VAN ACHTERBERG: Xiphozelinae 39 convex and with a small tubercle dorso-medially (fig. 40); clypeus convex, punctulate; length of malar space 0.7 times basal width of mandible; malar suture almost absent (fig. 40). Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum deeply depressed medio-anteriorly and remotely crenulate (fig. 28), its remaining part mainly smooth; epicnemial area smooth, except for some crenulae; precoxal suture with some spaced punctures, its surroundings indistinctly punctulate; pleural suture narrowly crenulate, rather shallow and narrow; metapleuron rugose-reticulate, but dorsally mainly smooth; notauli rather shallow, completely and narrowly crenulate (fig. 43); mesoscutal lobes weakly punctulate; side of scutellum smooth; metanotum with 2 parallel carinae submedially (fig. 43); surface of propodeum mainly smooth between the carinae, with a long medial carina anteriorly (fig. 39) and posteriorly with several more or less transverse carinae, bordered by a carina latero-posteriorly. Mines rr 23 = 17:20:60; d'1:d2:= 1:35; cuqu 1:1 2: cuqu'2 = 13 : 20: 12; r 3 strongly curved anteriad; radiella weakly curved basally (fig. 37). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 9.9, 15.0 and 15.6 times their width, respectively; length of hind tibial spurs 0.6 and 0.5 times their basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 6.4 times its apical width, its surface smooth, flat in front of spiracles and convex behind spiracles; spiracles of Ist tergite slightly protruding; length of ovipositor sheath 0.07 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish yellow; stemmaticum, ovipositor sheath and most wing veins dark brown; flagellum and outer aspect of scapus infuscated; hind tarsus whitish yellow. Holotype in TC: “Wau, N. Guinea, October, 1969, P. Shanahan’’. Paratype: 1 ¢ (allotype, RMNH): “Museum Leiden, Nieuw Guinea Exp. K.N.A.G. 1939, Araboebivak, 6.X1.1939”. Antennal segments of allotype 54; frons with some microsculpture laterally; nervellus with a short ramellus (d’), resulting in a posteriorly broken nervellus (fig. 38), in left wing less developed than in right wing; length of fore wing 11.8 mm, length of Ist tergite 6.1 times its apical width. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere thanks to the following persons for the loan of types and/or gifts of unidentified specimens. The abbreviations used for the collections are given in parentheses. Dr. V. K. Gupta, Dept. of Zoology, Delhi; Dr. K. J. Hedqvist, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm (NR); Mr. T. Huddleston, British Museum (Natural History), London (BM); Dr. E. Kierych, Instytut Zoologii, Warsaw (PAN); Dr. P. M. Marsh, USDA, U.S. National Museum, Washington (USNM); Drs. M. Suwa & C. Watanabe, Entomological Institute, Sapporo (EI); Dr. H. K. Townes, American Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor (TC); Mr. B. Sigwalt & Dr. S. Kelner-Pillault, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); (RMNH) = Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden. 40 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 2, 1979 LITERATURE Achterberg, C. van, 1976a. A revision of the tribus Blacini (Hym., Braconidae, Helconinae). — Tijdschr. Ent. 118 (7): 159—322, figs. 1—476. ——, 1976b. A preliminary key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hym.). — Tijdschr. Ent. 119 (3): 33—78, figs. 1—123. Brothers, D. J., 1975. Phylogeny and classification of the aculeate Hymenoptera, with special reference to Mutillidae. — Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 50 (11): 483—648, figs. 1—101. Cameron, P., 1906. On some Braconidae from the Himalaya. — Entomologist 39: 204—206. Enderlein, G., (1918) 1920. Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaischer Braconiden. — Arch. Naturgesch. 84 (A, 11): 51—224, Figs. 111. Gauld, I. D. & T. Huddleston, 1976. The nocturnal Ichneumonoidea of the British Isles, including a key to the genera. — Entomologist’s Gaz. 27: 35—49, figs. 1—20. Sharma, V., 1975. A new species of Xiphozele (Hym., Braconidae, Macrocentrinae). — Oriental Ins. 9 (2): 173—175, figs. 1—S. i Shenefelt, R. D., 1969. Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nov. ed.) Part 4. Braconidae 1:1—176. — Junk, ’s-Gravenhage. Watanabe, C., 1969. Notes on the genera Zele Curtis and Xiphozele Cameron, with special reference to the species in Japan (Hym., Braconidae). — Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 71 (3): 318—328, figs. 1—9 41 VAN ACHTERBERG: Xiphozelinae “QUIJ-2[BIS X 0'T :8—S ‘AUI[-2/89S x 0°S :7 :aulj-ajess :p ‘€ ‘| ‘399dse [eS10P ‘sajı313) [EWIOSEJOUW PIET3S] ‘g ‘1oodse 1o1191s0d-o197e] ‘ajdwia} ‘/ ‘joodse [esiop ‘wnjouosow ‘9 ‘ejpodiese]ow pue ejjaseq Jo [erop ‘s ‘82 puiy ‘€ ‘euuaque Jo sJuawädas jesıde ‘7 ‘joodse [e197e] ‘snyiqeu ‘| ‘Apuey ‘eyue7 US ‘È ‘uoIsweD suaaissa4duos ajazoydiy CR ee ‘ pf :euus)ue ‘ 8 1 'sd14 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 2, 1979 42 ‘ ; = i “oul -2]89S x Q'S :9I—EI ‘II !ourf-spe9s X O'T:LI ‘TI ‘OL :>urj-2fe9s :6 SNINAJOU JO [IBJ9P ‘LI +d JO mejo pury 127n0 ‘OI : JO MEJo pury Jauur ‘S| © © Jo melo puly ‘pl : £ Jo mea 3105 ‘£| ‘30adse [es10p ‘peau ‘ZI ‘yoadse Jano ‘eiqi puiy jo xode ‘|| ‘joodse |e]uo1j ‘peau ‘Ol :s3uim ‘6 ‘2487 uoowung ‘uemie] ‘© Jo p| pue gi INQ ‘ApuRy ‘eyue] US ‘è "UOJ9WE) sajuaasssasdiuos ajazoydlX *L|—6 ‘S314 43 VAN ACHTERBERG: Xiphozelinae ‘auij-afeos X O'S :17 ‘07 ‘AUII-2IE0S x OT :97 ‘ZZ ‘61 ‘aulj-a|eos :£7 ‘81 ‘399dse [es1op ‘peau ‘pz 89] pury ‘eq ‘399dse [e]uo1j ‘peau ‘77 ‘199dse 1auur “pi ‘17 ‘39adse Ja]no ‘ands [BIQIH 310} ‘07 ‘199d$e jesıop sua was jewosejsw pıg-Is] ‘61 ‘399dse [else] ‘ snjiqeu ‘ 81 ‘adAjojoy "BWIBUS SIsuawanq ajazoydly ‘p7—8| ‘S314 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 2, 1979 44 ‘auIj-ofBIS X 0°7 :LT ‘QZ ‘aul|-a[eos :S7 ‘INS JO [EVP ‘L7 ‘199dse [es10p ‘wnjouosow ‘97 ‘s3uim ‘57 ‘adAjojou ‘ewlIEYS sısuawung ajazoydiK “LT—ST ‘S814 45 VAN ACHTERBERG: Xiphozelinae Jajno * ‘Of ‘ ‘auIj-ofBIS X 0°7 :EE ‘TE UN-2JEOS X O'S :9E—HE ‘IE ‘AUII-2IB9S :OE—8T P Jo euusjue Jo xade ‘9£ ‘ME|o puiy SE ‘Mej9 210) JQUUI ‘ pe ‘snjnaJau Jo jeep €£ ‘1oodse 10119)S0d-019)2] ‘ ajdwiay ‘ze ‘399dse Jarno ‘eIqn puly Jo xade ‘1€ 82 puly ‘guuajue ‘67 19adse jesaye] ‘snyiqey ‘g7 ‘adA0]je Jo 9£ Ing ‘ad4jojou “AOU ‘gads 39 ‘U93 psoasauIasnd DjJadUSIG ‘9E—87 'S8lA TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 2, 1979 46 . ‘9UIJ-o[BIS x O'S :Tt ‘It ‘ou -1[-3[89S x OT :Sp— Ep ‘Op—8E ‘ouIj-ofeos :L¢ "ejjsdıesejow pue ejjaseg jo [tezop ‘Cy ‘joodse [esıop ‘peoy ‘pp ‘joodse [esıop ‘wnjou -OSOW ‘Fp MB[9 210) JOUUI ‘zp !Me[9 ojpptw JoUUT ‘jp ‘joodse |ejuo1] ‘peau ‘Op ‘joodse [esıop ‘9318197 Jewosejau Js] pue wnapodoid ‘6E ‘snjjoAJ9U Jo [erop ‘gE ‘sduim ‘Le ‘adAj0]je Jo 7p pue |p ‘ge ing ‘adAjojoy “Aou ‘dads 19 ‘U98 DSOAsaUIAINI DIJAANUSIG "SP—LE ‘S314 ul è 5 % = En u = 7 x OR ui n A x À Fn ver Ver EA Bi 1e veneti ti, “sn NI î 4 : sa . au i LL us Va = Me / 5682 KS: | DEEL 122 AFLEVERING 3 MUS. COMP. zom, LIBRARY vel 19 1670 HARVARD UNIVERSITY TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING INHOUD _ W.J. KLOFT, R. E. WooDRUFF & E. S. KLOFT. — Formica integra (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) IV. Exchange of food and trichome secretions between worker ants and the inquiline beetle, Cremastocheilus castaneus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), p. 47—57, text-figs. 1—20. RI Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 122, afl. 3 Gepubliceerd 31-V-1979 FORMICA INTEGRA (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) IV. EXCHANGE OF FOOD AND TRICHOME SECRETIONS BETWEEN WORKER ANTS AND THE INQUILINE BEETLE, CREMASTOCHEILUS CASTANEUS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) by W.J. KLOFT', R. E. WOODRUFF? and E. S. KLOFT! With 20 figures ABSTRACT Experimental evidence, using radioactive tracers, confirms the role of Cremastocheilus castaneus as a predator in the ant nests, as well as proves the existence of trichomes on the beetle which supply substances transmitted by ants through the social organization of the nest. A specific new ventral trichome area was discovered on the beetle, using this technique. The trichome areas are illustrated with scanning electron microscope photographs. To conduct studies on biology, morphology, and foraging behavior of an ant, Formica integra Nylander, we transferred two nests of this forest ant from its natural habitat in Georgia (for description of locality, see Kloft et al., 1973) to the Forest Insect Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida in 1972. This ant, of the subfamily Formicinae, is the southernmost representative of the Formica rufa group in eastern United States. The studies about the possibilities of an introduction of this ant into Florida forests could be continued; two more papers are cited (Wilkinson et al., 1978, 1979, in press). During our laboratory experiments, three specimens of a scarab beetle, Cremastocheilus castaneus Knoch, flew from the nests established in open arenas in a fully climatized laboratory (14 hrs light, 25 + 2° C, 50—80% rel. air humidity). Possibly the change in environmental conditions between the natural colony and the laboratory induced emigration of the beetles. The genus Cremastocheilus Knoch has long been in need of revision. The most recent general paper is that of Potts (1945), which provides a key to North American species. Because of the numerous short scattered setae on the pronotum and the geographic distribution, our specimens would key to C. castaneus brevisetosus Casey. Potts (1945: 74) stated: “Casey describes ! Institute of Applied Zoology, University of Bonn, Germany. ? Bureau of Entomology, Division of Plant Industry, Florida Dept. of Agriculture, Gainesville, FL 32602 (Contribution No. 350). 47 48 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 3, 1979 brevisetosus from a specimen he records from Iowa. However, the only specimens before me which agree are from Alabama, and I am led to suspect an erroneous label on the Casey specimen. In the Alabama specimens the setae of the pronotum are exceedingly broad and short and as the specimens are quite fresh, the character is presumably a good one. This appears to me to be the most distinctive race of any I have seen, and if this name is applicable to the southern specimens it apparently represents a valid subspecies. The value of the other two names as weak races of castaneae seems questionable to me. A long series from the Rocky Mountains is not easily separable, although in the main, they most closely agree with Casey’s pocularis.” Figs. 1-2. Outline drawings of Cremastocheilus castaneus brevisetosus: 1) dorsal view; 2) lateral view: a) anterior pronotal trichome area; b) location of prosternal apophysis with trichomes; c) posterior pronotal trichome area; d) propygidial spiracle. (Scale line equals 2.5 mm). The genus Cremastocheilus, which comprises more than 40 species, isendemic to North America. All known species live as adults in the nests of ants of 11 genera; C. castaneus has been recorded in association with Formica and Polyergus (Cazier & Statham, 1962). Wheeler (1910, 1928) reported it from F. integra nests. The first KLOFT, WOODRUFF & KLOFT: Cremastocheilus castaneus 49 monographic revision was given by Horn (1879); Casey (1915) described many novelties and revised the North American Cremastocheilini together with other groups of Cetoniinae. The species-level review by Potts (1945) has already been mentioned. Howden (1971) and Krikken (1976), proposing new genera, presented keystothe Western Hemisphere genera of Cremastocheilini. Cazier & Statham (1962) pointed out that the true relationship between species of the genus Cremastocheilus and their host ants is not yet known. In observations of a western species (C. stathamae Cazier) in nests of the honey-ant, Myrmecocystus mexicanus Wesmael, Cazier & Mortenson (1965) found these beetles were obligate predators of the ant larvae. At the time this was the first recorded case of primarily predatory behavior within the family Scarabaeidae. W. M. Wheeler (1910) described the trichomes on the anterior and posterior prothoracic angles of the beetles and presented a figure of a Formica integra worker gnawing on one of the trichomes (see also this figure reproduced in Wilson (1971, fig. 20—4)). Alpert & Ritcher (1975) stated that C. armatus Walker adults were predaceous on both ant larvae and pupae, and that “Beetles were not disrupted from feeding even when covered with attacking ants.”’ Some of the observations of Cazier & Mortenson (1965) appeared very contradictory to them. As Wilson reported (1971: 390) the ants treated the beetles sometimes as synechtrans and sometimes as symphiles. Most of the time, however, they had the status of synoeketes; 1.e., they were ignored and allowed to wander through the nest without interference. Tracer studies on exchange of food and trichome secretions between ants and beetles As shown by Goesswald & Kloft (1958, 1960, 1963) radioisotopes are a useful tool to elucidate interrelations within societies of social insects. Hoelldobler (1967, 1970) used 5P to demonstrate the physiology of guest-host relations (myr- mecophily) in ants. We used radioactive food (20% sucrose solution + Na,H”PO,, specific activity 0.5 mCi/ml) to trace social food exchange in worker groups of Formica integra. All experiments were conducted in 1972, with dates shown. EXPERIMENT I 7.vi: Worker ants were fed with **P honey and after 18 hrs checked under an end-window G. M. tube. The detector was connected with a Berthold-Frieseke Scaler-Timer System BF 22/25. Before checking, the insects were carefully decontaminated with a “chaser” solution plus detergent (Kloft, 1977). The ants had an average radioactivity of 20,000 CPM. 20.vi: At 12:00 noon one beetle (A) was put together with 10 radioactive-fed ants of F. integra; no food was added. At 3:45 PM the beetle was activity besieged by the ants which palpated it intensively with their antennae. Ants were sitting on and underneath the beetle’s head, gnawing on the trichomes. Since we supposed food transfer from the ants to the beetle, we checked the beetle at 3:50 PM for radioactivity. The geometry was like that used for the measurements of the ants. 50 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 3, 1979 Result: After 3 hrs 50 min the beetle showed 3033 CPM. We checked at 5:30 PM and the activity was 3124 CPM or about the same. All ants were in good condition. 21.vi: At 9: 00 AM the beetle was in good condition, but all ants were dead, the gaster squeezed out. In some cases we found parts of the dead ants, presumably dismembered by the beetle. EXPERIMENT II 22.vi: One beetle (B) was put with 10 radioactive-fed ants. The beetle displayed a death feint (Totstell-Verhalten), but was palpated by the ants. The palpation itself did not lead to contamination, as shown by subsequent checkings. 23.vi: After 22 hrs the beetle showed a total activity of 1600 CPM, and all 10 ants were in good condition. Presumably the beetle must have participated in the social distribution of radioactive-labelled food. Four hours later, after a total time of 26 hrs, the beetle had about the same rate of counts. However, 2 ants were found dead, and one of these appeared to be lacerated by the beetle. In both experiments the ants were not only attracted to the trichomes on the anterior and posterior prothoracic angle of the beetles, but also soliciting, by antennal movements, certain parts of the sternum. These observations led to the detection, for the first time, of ventral hair tufts (trichomes) on the prosternal apophysis, described in the following part. As best we could observe, the beetle lowered the anterior portion of the mentum, which completely covers the mouth parts. The palpi could be seen moving in and out. We believe that by such movements the regurgitation by the ant is released. The food transfer could not be observed directly, but was evident by the increase of the beetle’s radioactivity long before any ants were killed or squeezed out. EXPERIMENT III 22.vi: Beetle (A) was carefully decontaminated and subsequently checked for radioactivity. At 11: 45 AM it had 20.810 CPM. Certain inherent problems are encountered in radio-isotope work. High counts are found when the radioactivity is broadly distributed. When the radioactivity is localized, lower counts result, even if the absolute radioactivity is the same. Equal distribution of the °P, Table |. Transfer of radioactivity from a radioactive labelled Cremastocheilus castaneus to worker ants of F. integra via the trichome secretions within 3 hrs. COUNTS COUNTING DURATION CPM LI SORTE (MIN) MIN BACKGROUND 61 5 1252 + 3.49 BACKGROUND 43 5 8.6 + 2.93 ANT A 155 5 31 + 5.56 ANT B 121 5 AD + 4.92 KLOFT, WOODRUFF & KLOFT: Cremastocheilus castaneus 51 throughout the hemolymph, is probably responsible for this high count, although body absorption could have affected the counts (Kloft, 1962). This complete distribution within the body was a precondition for the following experiment: the radioactive-labelled beetle (A) was put together with 10 nonradioactive worker ants. The object was to determine if there were transfer of radioactivity, via trichome secretions, from the beetle to the ants. 22.vi: The ants had been around the trichomes gnawing on the hair tufts. At 2: 45 PM, after a total elapsed time of 3 hrs, the ants were checked for radioactivity (table 1). The ants definitely gathered radioactivity from the beetle, undoubtedly derived from trichome secretions. The next question was whether these radio- active-labelled secretions could be spread to other ants by social food distribution. To determine this, the ant (A) was enclosed for 20 hrs in a small container (surface 1.5 cm?) with 2 ants of the same colony. During this time no food was added. The results are shown in table 2. The donor ant, which was in direct contact with the radioactive beetle, dispersed radioactive material by social food distribution. The reason that the sum of counts of the donor ant (plus acceptor ants) is higher than the original rate of the donor ant is a result of the technical problem discussed earlier (Kloft, 1962). Table 2. Transfer of radioactivity, gathered from a radioactive Cremastocheilus castaneus (table 1) to further ants via regurgitation within 3 hrs. COUNTS COUNTING DURATION CPM + SORT: (MIN) MIN BACKGROUND 56 5 11622 + 3.34 BACKGROUND 48 5 9.6 + 3.09 DONOR ANT = ANT A FROM TABLE I 97 5 19.4 + 4.40 1. ACCEPTOR ANT 81 5 1662 + 4.02 2. ACCEPTOR ANT 61 5 1252 + 3.49 Detection of further trichome areas on the venter of Cremastocheilus Ever since Cremastocheilus has been known to inhabit ant nests, there has been speculation about the glandular nature of several morphological structures. This has usually centered around the large tufts of coarse setae (trichomes) located on the anterior (figs. la, 2a) and posterior (figs. Ic, 2c) angles of the pronotum (Hoelldobler, 1971). Other areas that have been previously suggested include the enlarged and projecting propygidial spiracles (figs. 1d, 2d), although there is no evidence for it. It was therefore quite surprising when the structure located between the anterior coxae (fig. 2b) was noted as attractive to the ants during this study. This 52 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 3, 1979 Figs. 3—8. Prosternal apophysis of C. castaneus brevisetosus (anterior legs removed): 3) postero-ventral view (45 x); 4) enlargement of fig. 3 (95 x); 5) enlarged tip of apophysis (925 x ); 6) sensors on margin behind apophysis, enlargement of area at arrow in fig. 3 (750 x); 7) lateral view of apophysis (100 x ); 8) ventral or head on view of apophysis (100 x). structure (figs. 3—8) has been termed a prosternal apophysis by Krikken (1976). It projects forward toward the notch in the posterior margin of the mentum (fig. 19) and would appear to fit there if the head or mentum were extended down or back. The apophysis is fringed with very long sensors (figs. 3—5, 7—8) which appear to be the trichomes sought by the ants. During removal of the legs in preparation for the scanning electron microscope studies, an additional group of sensors was located beneath the anterior coxae (figs. 3 arrow, 6). Although previously undetected and well-hidden, the compli- KLOFT, WOODRUFF & KLOFT: Cremastocheilus castaneus 53 S Figs. 9—12. Anterior pronotal trichome area (fig. la) of C. castaneus brevisetosus: 9) dorsal view of right side (120 x), area at arrow enlarged in fig. 11; 10) ditto, angle more dorsal (150x); 11) enlargement of trichomes at arrow in fig.9(525x); 12) ditto (1000 x). cated nature of the sensors (fig. 6) suggests that they serve an important function. Unfortunately the exact behavior of the ant solicitations and the beetle’s feeding are nearly impossible to observe carefully. Alpert & Ritcher (1975: 289) stated that “when feeding, a beetle lowered its mentum and pierced an ant larva with its sharp maxillae. The mandibles are greatly reduced and aid in the transport of fluid”. The prominent propygidial spiracles (figs. Id, 2d) are a possible source of secretions because of their elevated nature and the shape and size of the opening (figs. 17, 18, 20). It is possible that attractant chemicals are produced, although chemicals with a totally different function could be involved. Repellents would certainly be advantageous to a commensal if the host ants became inhospitable and agressive. Alpert & Ritcher (1975: 288) found that “If the beetle was violently disturbed or turned over by the ants, a droplet of viscous fluid was released from 54 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 3, 1979 the anal opening. This fluid had an offensive odor and was effective in repelling the ants”. They did not mention any observations on the nature of the propygidial spiracles. The pronotal trichomes are so prominent, and unique to the tribe Crema- stocheilini, that their role cannot be overemphasized. The sensors, or individual trichomes, appear to be gnawed upon by the ants (figs. 15—16). Only then is it noticeable that they are hollow (fig. 16). The several shapes of trichomes nearly fill the depressions surrounding them (figs. la, Ic, 2a, 2c, 10, 14). The anterior ones (fig. la) are accessible to the ants from above; the posterior ones (fig. Ic) primarily accessible from the side; and those on the prosternal apophysis are accessibly only ventrally. i Figs. 13—16. Posterior pronotal trichome area (fig. Ic) of C. castaneus brevisetosus: 13) ventral view of left side (55x); 14) ditto (105x); 15) gnawed trichomes (535 x); 16) ditto, individual hollow seta of the trichome (1050 x). DISCUSSION According to our results, Cremastocheilus castaneus seems to play a double role within the Formica integra community. It is first a predator which kills ants, squeezes out juices, and feeds on the contents of the gasters of workers. It also cuts the ants into pieces, possibly feeding on these parts. Since we experimented only with adult workers we couldn’t observe feeding on ant larvae, as described in KLOFT, WOODRUFF & KLOFT: Cremastocheilus castaneus 55 detail by Cazier & Mortenson (1965) and Alpert & Ritcher (1975). But in spite of being well protected in the sensitive mouth area by the anterior portion of the mentum, which completely covers the mouthparts (fig. 19), the beetles should not simply be regarded as synechtrans. They are, according to Wilson (1971), symphiles (so-called “true” guests). We determined that they are not only groomed but also participated in the social food exchange within the ant colony. The additional trichome areas on the prosternal apophysis help in releasing the food sharing behavior through the ants. We obtained evidence of the transfer of radioactive material from the beetle to the ants, presumably via trichome secretions. As we expected, an ant which was in contact with a radioactive beetle also distributed the radioactivity, through social food distribution, to other ants which were never in contact with the radioactive- labelled beetles. Thus the “peace-making’”’ allomones (Pasteels, 1977) of the beetle might be distributed to wider parts of the nest population. Possibly during the reproductive activities of the beetles, the production of the attractive and “peacemaking” secretions stop (or may be masked by sex pheromones which are a deterrent for the ants). This would explain the observations of Cazier & Statham (1962) that the beetles are pulled out of the nest and dumped in the refuse zone. In Figs. 17—20. Cremastocheilus castaneus brevisetosus: 17) propygidial spiracle, lateral view (210x); 18) ditto, head on view (340 x ); 19) head, latero-ventral view (26 x ); 20) enlargement of propygidial spi- racular opening of fig. 18 (850 x ). 56 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 3, 1979 the transitional stage, other workers of the same colony might attempt to pull the beetle back in the direction of the nest. This dumping and pulling back lasts a certain time, but finally the beetles fly away. Hoelldobler (1971) showed that myrmecophiles communicate in the same chemical language as their hosts. He defined trichomes as “... tufts of hairs that serve to increase the ability of well- integrated ant guests to communicate chemically. They are located on the ventral surface of highly modified anterior and posterior pronotal projections of Cremastocheilus adults”. Mating and breeding areas are not yet known, but mating outside the colonies would be advantageous for gene flow. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the following persons for their valuable assistance: Thelma Carlysle (for the excellent SEM photos); Dr. J. Krikken (for reading the manuscript); Dr. R. C. Wilkinson (for colony maintenance and other favours); and the Dept. of Entomology, University of Florida (for travel funds and facilities for the senior: author). BIBLIOGRAPHY Alpert, G. D., & P. O. Ritcher, 1975. Notes on the lifecycle and myrmecophilous adaptations of Cre- mastocheilus armatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). — Psyche 82 (3—4): 283—291; 5 figs. Casey, T. L., 1915. A review of the American species of Rutelinae, Dynastinae, and Cetoniinae. — Mem. Coleoptera 6: 1—394. Cazier, M. A., & M. Statham, 1962. The behaviour and habits of the myrmecophilous scarab, Cremas- tocheilus stathamae Cazier, with notes on other species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). — J. New York Ent. Soc. 70: 125—149. Cazier, M. A., & M. A. Mortenson, 1965. Bionomical observations on myrmecophilous beetles of the genus Cremastocheilus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). — J. Kansas Ent. Soc. 38: 19—44. Goesswald, K., & W. Kloft, 1958. Radioaktive Isotope zur Erforschung des Staatenlebens der Insekten. — Umschau 58: 743—745. Goesswald, K., & W. Kloft, 1960. Neue Untersuchungen ueber die sozialen Wechselbeziehungen im Ameisenvolk, durchgefuehrt mit Radioisotopen. — Zool. Beitr. N. F., 5: 519—559. Goesswald, K., & W. Kloft, 1963. Tracer experiments on food exchange in ants and termites. In: Radia- tion and radioisotopes applied to insects of agricultural importance, p. 25—42. — Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. Hoelldobler, B., 1967. Zur Physiologie der Gast-Wirt-Beziehungen (Myrmecophilie) bei Ameisen. I. Das Gastverhaltnis der Atemeles- und Lomechusa-Arten (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) zu Formi- ca (Hym., Formicidae). — Z. Vergl. Physiol. 56: 1—21. Hoelldobler, B., 1970. Die Physiologie der Gast-Wirt-Beziehungen (Myrmecophilie) bei Ameisen. II. Das Gastverhältnis des imaginalen Atemeles publicollis Bris. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) zu Formica und Myrmica (Hym., Formicidae). — Z. vergl. Physiol. 66: 215—250. Hoelldobler, B., 1971. Communication between ants and their guests. — Scientific Amer., Mar., 1971: 86—91. Horn, G. H., 1879. A monographic revision of the species of Cremastochilus of the United States. — Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 18 (104): 382— 397; pl. 4. Howden, H.F., 1971. Key to the New World Cremastocheilini, with notes and description of a new ge- nus. — Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 73 (2): 224-230, Kloft, W., 1962. Technical problems of radioisotope measurement in insect metabolism. In: Symposi- um (Bombay, 1960) “Radioisotopes and radiation in entomology”, p. 163—172. — Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. KLOFT, WOODRUFF & KLOFT: Cremastocheilus castaneus 57 Kloft, W. J., R. C. Wilkinson, W. H. Whitcomb, and E. S. Kloft, 1973. Formica integra 1. Habitat, nest construction, polygyny and biometry. — Florida Ent. 56 (2): 67—76. Kloft, W. J., 1977. Part V. Applied part. In: Laboratory manual on use of radioisotopes in entomology, 2nd ed., p. 141—220. — Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.. Krikken, J., 1976. New genera of New World Cremastocheilini, with revisional notes (Coleoptera: Ce- toniidae). — Zool. Meded. 49 (25): 307—315; 16 figs. Pasteels, J. M., 1977. Evolutionary aspects in chemical ecology and chemical communication. — Proc. Int. Congr. Ent. 15: 281—293. Potts, R. W. L., 1945. A key to the species of Cremastocheilini of North America and Mexico (Coleop- tera, Scarabaeidae). — Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 40 (3): 72—78. Wheeler, W. M., 1908. Studies on myrmecophiles. I. Cremastocheilus. — J. New York Ent. Soc. 16: 68—79. Wheeler, W. M., 1910. Ants: their structure, development and behaviour. Columbia Univ. Press, New York: xxv + 663 p. Wheeler, W. M., 1928. The social insects: their origin and evolution: xviii + 378 p. — Kegan Paul Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd., London. Wilkinson, R. C., A. P. Bhatkar, W. J. Kloft, W. H. Whitcomb, and E. S. Kloft, 1978. Formica integra II. Feeding, trophallaxis, and interspecific confrontation behavior. — Florida Ent. 61 (3): 179— 187. Wilkinson, R. C., A. P. Bhatkar, W. H. Whitcomb and W. J. Kloft, 1979. Formica integra III. Trial in- troduction into Florida. — Florida Ent. (In press). Wilson, E. O., 1971. The insect societies: 1—548. — Belknap Press, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. Sn MUS. COMP, ZOOL. LIBRARY AFLEVERING 4 1979 HARVARD UNIVERSITY TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING INHOUD calyptris Benin and Fomoria Beirne occurring in ite United States ni America Re dopter, Nepticulidae), p. 59—90, fig. 1—26. Gepubliceerd 31-V-1979 A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE MICRO-LEPIDOPTERAN GENERA MICROCALYPTRIS BRAUN AND FOMORIA BEIRNE OCCURRING IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (LEPIDOPTERA, NEPTICULIDAE) by CHRISTOPHER WILKINSON Department of Animal Systematics and Zoogeography, Free University, Amsterdam With 26 text-figures ABSTRACT The nearctic species of two genera of leaf-mining microlepidoptera are here revised as a prelude toa revision of the North American Nepticulidae. The concept of Microcalyptris Braun is widened from what was known as a monotypic genus to one having eight species. Fomoria Beirne can no longer be regarded as solely Palaearctic for here the true relationship of two species is shown in their transfer from ‘‘Nepticula’’ von Heyden. Generic and species diagnoses, key, descriptions, and details of genitalia are given where necessary. INTRODUCTION In this revision eight species of Microcalyptris are discussed, of which two have been transferred from “‘Nepticula’”’ von Heyden and five are new species, three of which are named and described here. Until last year Microcalyptris was known as a monotypic genus from a single specimen. The genus Fomoria contains two species in North America and these, too, are transferred from “Nepticula” von Heyden and presented as new combinations here. ABBREVIATIONS L.A.Co.M. Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, California, USA. USNM United States National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C., USA. ANS Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA. MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachussets, USA. CNC Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada. FUA Free University of Amsterdam, Netherlands. The methods and abbreviations used are similar to those given in Wilkinson & 59 60 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 Scoble (1979: 2), except that the letters ANS are used to mean the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA. Scale lines on figs. are 0.1 mm unless stated otherwise. Microcalyptris Braun, 1925 Microcalyptris Braun, 1925b: 224. Type species by monotypy: Microcalyptris scirpi Braun, 1925b: 225. The genus shows one of the more simple patterns of venation found in the family Nepticulidae. Other features characteristic of the genus are the peculiar lateral arms associated with the vinculum and probably part of the gnathos; the very slender valves; and the juxta, which is extremely complex in some cases. The female genitalia often show complex sclerotisations of the ductus with the signa, usually, as linear rows of plates or single spiculate cells. Taxonomic History The genus was described from a single specimen collected by Braun in Utah (loc. cit.). Since that description there are no other published records of the genus until now, even though some new species are described here from Braun’s ma- terial. Braun’s description of the venation of this genus is somewhat incomplete owing to the fact that she was reluctant to damage the single specimen available to her. However, Dr. D. Davis of the USNM and I have examined the specimen which confirms Braun’s description in part but also shows that a vestige of the Cubitus is, in fact, present on the forewing. This is also confirmed by our work on other species. Braun was also unable to provide a description of the hindwing venation; this information is also provided in this revision. Generic description External features: 4 ©. Head: palps extending well beyond labrum, pale grey or white; antennae extending half the length of the forewing, fuscous; tuft on front of head usually ochreous, sometimes white or brown, vertex concolorous in most cases; eye-caps and collar ochreous, sometimes white or brown. Thorax pale white or buff and sometimes irrorate with brown. Abdomen usually concolorous with thorax, shining silver beneath. Venation as in fig. 11. Forewings: media coalescing with Radius at base and anastomosing as far as the middle of the wing; Cubitus vestigial; R, coincident with R,; Anal vein not reaching the margin. Hindwings: Media single branched. Forewings: narrow and lanceolate, ground colour of dorsal surface grey or buff often with each scale brownish at the tip; fringe greyish, variously irrorate with wing scales apically; markings variable, usually with a single fascia or two patches. Hindwings: narrow and lanceolate, half width of forewings; usually grey and iridescent, sometimes with brightly coloured specialised scales on both surfaces concolorous, with similar patches on ventral surface of forewings. Legs: grey or brown, sometimes with scattered paler areas; proximal pair of spurs on hind-tibiae below the middle. WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 61 Figs. 1—10. External features. Fig. 1. Microcalyptris scirpi, male. Fig. 2. M. thoracealbella, male. Fig. 3. M. postalatratus, male. Fig. 4. M. punctulata, female. Fig. 5. M. distaleus, male. Fig. 6. M. bipinnatellus, female. Fig. 7. M. bicornutus, male. Fig. 8. M. tenuijuxtus, male. Fig. 9. Fomoria pteliaeella, male. Fig. 10. F. hypericella, male. 62 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 Male genitalia: vinculum always ring-shaped; tegumen fused with vinculum dorsally and produced into narrow, tapering pseuduncus sometimes weakly bilobed or bluntly rounded. Pseuduncus membraneous and uncus sclerotized in the form of a bridge usually with medial process spatulate, sometimes narrowly pointed or papillate. Gnathos with complex anterior and posterior projections and unique sclerotised lateral arms of vinculum in all species except possibly distaleus sp.n. Saccus usually markedly bilobed. Valves slender, usually bluntly rounded. Transtillae forming an inverted U-shape; transverse bars continuous. Juxta often complex and heavily sclerotised. Aedeagus usually long and slender with large spine-like cornuti and anellus. Female genitalia: Posterior apophyses at least as long as the ductus, sometimes terminally sagittate. Colliculum usually funicular and weakly sclerotised. Ductus spiculate, usually with complex sclerotisations in the form of fin-like plates. Bursa copulatrix: large and irregularly pectinate; signum double, usually comprising linear rows of spinose cells or plates and, in a single case, ovate patches of reticulate cells. Ry i R043 A Cu Fig. 11 Microcalyptris sp. Wing venation. Generic differential diagnoses Characters which differentiate North American genera of the family Nep- ticulidae are given. Microcalyptris Braun, 1925. Venation: reduced; Media of forewing coalescing with Radius from base and anastomosing to a point beyond the middle of the wing; R, coincident with Rs; Cubitus vestigial; Media of hindwing single, unbranched. Ground colour of dorsal surface of forewing usually pale and variously irrorate. Proximal pair of spurs on hind tibia below middle. Male genitalia, with membranous pseuduncus and WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 63 strongly sclerotised bridge-like uncus; sclerotised gnathos with complex anterior and posterior projections; lateral arms of vinculum usually with associated sclerotisations. Female genitalia with complex sclerotisations of the ductus; posterior apophyses very long, longer than the ductus; signa usually comprising linear row of spinose cells or plates. Larvae mining leaves. Stigmella Schrank, 1802. Venation: Media of forewing coalescing with Radius at base and anastomosing to a point beyond the middle of the wing; R, coincident with R,; Cubitus arising separately, approaching middle of the wing; Media of hindwing single. Forewings usually uniform and dark in colour, with one or two complete fasciae or patches; fringe with diffuse margin. Proximal pair of spurs on hind-tibiae above the middle. Male genitalia usually with U-shaped vinculum; tegumen strap-like, articulating with vinculum dorsally; uncus bilobed; juxta, if present, membranous; aedeagus usually flask-shaped, vesica usually with many denticulate cornuti orientated in a ridge and rarely with platelike cornuti at the anellus. Female genitalia with simple ductus and accessory sac; bursa copulatrix usually without signum, but if present often single and weakly sclerotised. Larvae mining leaves of trees and shrubs and sometimes herbs. Ectoedemia Busck, 1907. Venation: Media of forewing coalescing with Cubitus at base, passing obliquely to Radius at or beyond R,,, and anastomosing to a point beyond middle of wing; R, and R, separate; Cubitus usually approaching margin; media of hindwing single. Proximal pair of spurs on hind-tibiae sometimes in the middle. Male genitalia with gnathos W- or V-shaped, may vary according to method of mounting; vinculum ring-shaped and without associated lateral bars; tegumen extended into tapering or lobed pseuduncus; uncus absent or weakly mem- branous; valves inwardly curved distally sometimes with digitate setae; juxta absent; aedeagus regular in shape with elaborate cornuti and usually anellar spines. Female genitalia with or without complex sclerotisation of the ductus and spiculate accessory lobe; apophyses shorter than ductus; signa comprising patches of reticulate cells. Larvae may mine in, or form galls on leaves, petioles, bark or cortex. Fomoria Beirne, 1945. Venation: Media coalescing with Cubitus from base, both passing obliquely to Radius at R,,, and anastomosing to beyond middle of wing; Cubitus becoming obsolete; R, and R, separate; Media of hindwing single, unbranched. Male genitalia with membranous pseuduncus and uncus as a spatulate sclerotisation; Y- or V-shaped gnathos; saccus weakly bilobed; valves sometimes with dorsal spine; aedeagus regular in shape and usually with complex anellar spines and cornuti. Female genitalia, colliculum with sclerotised funicular antrum or complex plates; simple ductus; signa comprising rather linear patches of reticulate cells. Larvae often recorded pupating within the leaf-mine. 64 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 Obrussa Braun, 1915. Venation: Media of forewing coalescing with Cubitus at base, both passing obliquely to Radius at R,,, and anastomosing to beyond middle of wing; Media and Cubitus separate terminally; R, and R, separate; Media of hindwing single. Ventral surface of forewing and dorsal surface of hindwing in males with patch of brightly coloured specialised scales. Proximal pair of tibial spurs below middle of hind-tibia. Male genitalia with ring-shaped vinculum; tegumen extended into tapering pseuduncus; convex saccus; valves blunted distally and each with large dorsal arm projecting transversely to reach opposite side of capsule; vesica with transverse plate expanded laterally. Female genitalia with plate-like sclerotisation at the colliculum; signa comprising ovate reticulate patches. Larvae only known to mine fruits of Acer spp. Glaucolepis Braun, 1917. Venation: Media of forewing coalescing with Cubitus at base, both passing obliquely to Radius at R,,, and anastomosing to beyond middle of wing; Media and Cubitus separate terminally; R, and R, separate; Media of hindwing bifurcate. Hindwing of male with patch of brightly coloured specialised scales. Proximal pair of spurs on hind-tibiae in the middle. Male genitalia with tegumen extended into tapering pseuduncus; gnathos with large transverse arms and medial dorso-lateral arms fusing terminally; valves markedly bifurcate distally; aedeagus with lateral cornuti extending full length of vesica and digitate distally. Female genitalia with simple ductus; signa comprising linear patches of rows of pectinations. Larvae mining leaves. Oligoneura Davis, 1978.!) Venation: greatly reduced; only two branches of Radius present; Media unbranched and arising from stem of R,,,; Cubitus absent; hindwing extremely slender and Media unbranched. Forewing dark fuscous with a single, narrow, pale golden yellow fascia at distal third. Proximal pair of spurs on hind tibiae near apex. Male genitalia with uncus vestigial; gnathos well developed, complex, consisting of two, largely separate, transverse sclerites of a highly irregular, but symmetrical outline; vinculum broad, quadrate; aedeagus moderately short and stout, with a relatively complex apex and no cornuti. Female unknown. Presumably a leaf mining genus. The type-species mines Coccoloba uvifera (L.). Artaversala Davis, 1978. Venation: greatly reduced; Radius unbranched, terminating well short of apex; Media unbranched, extending almost to apex; Cubitus shortened, indistinctly present; hindwing extremely slender and Media unbranched. Forewings with a pale yellow to whitish apex and a single, broad, median fascia. Proximal pair of spurs on hind-tibiae near apex. Male genitalia with tegumen reduced to an ') The name Oligoneura is preoccupied by a Dipteran genus and must therefore be changed. In dis- cussion with Dr. Davis it was decided to publish a replacement name in a subsequent volume of the Florida Entomologist. WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 65 extremely slender dorsal ring; uncus absent; vinculum well-developed and V- shaped; valves deeply divided and aedeagus relatively simple, without cornuti. Female genitalia with slender and elongate ductus; bursa copulatrix membranous; signa absent. Larvae mining leaves. Checklist to the species of Microcalyptris Microcalyptris Braun, 1925b. scirpi Braun, 1925. Type species by monotypy. thoracealbella (Chambers, 1873), = badiocapitella (Chambers, 1876). specimen 11. punctulata (Braun, 1910). specimen 12. bipinnatellus sp.n. postalatratus sp.n. distaleus sp.n. bicornutus Davis, 1978. tenuijuxtus Davis, 1978. Microcalyptris. Key to species. Males and females 1. Forewing with background predominantly dark; may have pale fascia or Patches dtt DELETE SMEG BIRD LOS SUR EMI DER BREED dI 2 — Forewing with background predominantly light, may have dark fascia or OASI ee le ar AB ee > ER orewingidark without fascia or patches ..........%......2..+.- 3 Eorewing dark with pale fascia or patches ........2..2...2.....2.. 4 3. Male genitalia with H-shaped juxta, deeply bifurcate saccus and flattened Pseudumeus si)... «> INA ah ES bicornutus (p. 81) — Male genitalia without H-shaped juxta, saccus only weakly bifurcate, pseuduncus convex terminallyasinfig. 19 ......... postalatratus (p. 77) 4. Forewing usually with | complete pale fascia and | broken in centre leaving 2 light patches. Pseuduncus of male bifurcate and uncus not extending beyond it, juxta mace-shaped with cornuti; 4th abdominal sternite with two patches of long setae; as in fig. 13c. Female genitalia with one long pair and one short pair of apophyses; signa less than 3 cells wide as in fig. 14 ............. ze 08 Be done RP ENS 2 RE MeL ca an Ne es thoracealbella (p. 67) — Forewing usually with 2 large pale fasciae and terminal spot. Pseuduncus of male convex and uncus extending beyond it, juxta not strongly developed; 4th abdominal sternite without patches of long setae; as in fig. 17. Female genitalia with two pairs of very long apophyses; signa more than 3 cells wide; as in fig. N an Sii bipinnatellus (p. 75) 5. Forewing pale with one broad dark brown terminal fascia. Male genitalia probably as in fig. 12, but see description ............... scirpi (p. 66) — Forewing pale without dark fasciae but may be Horace n 6 66 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 6. Male genitalia with well developed T-shaped (inverted) juxta; gnathos without central posterior process. Female genitalia without signa tenuijuxtus (p. 82) — Male genitalia without well developed juxta; gnathos with central posterior process. Female genitalia with signa®. =.) errang fl 7. Male genitalia with pointed valves; bifurcate pseuduncus; aedeagus without very large anellar spines; as in fig. 20. Female genitalia with simple row of cells in signa and unmodified ductus bursae as in fig. 21 ....... distaleus (p. 78) — Male genitalia with rounded valves; simple convex pseuduncus; aedeagus with very large annellar spines; as in fig. 16. See specimen 12. Female genitalia with complex signa and ductus bursae as in fig. 15 ......... punctulata (p.71) Microcalyptris scirpi Braun (iss, 12) Microcatyptris scirpi Braun, 1925b: 225 (Type species). Microcalyptris scirpi Braun; McDunnough, 1939: 107 (no. 9790). Description. External features: ¢ (fig. 1). Head: palps and antennae brownish buff; tuft on front of head and vertex light brown; eye-caps and collar brown. Thorax and abdomen shiny brown, probably light on living specimens. Forewings: ground colour of dorsal surface buff with gold reflections; terminally dark brown fascia extends onto fringe; fringe mainly buff, some dark brown at ends of fascia; ventral surface also buff but edged in dark brown all round and fringe greyish buff and in part dark brown. Hindwings: both surfaces and fringe greyish. Legs greyish buff with metallic reflections. == = = ---___-- ~ DS (a) cb) , (c) (===) Fig. 12. Microcalyptris scirpi. Reconstructed male genitalia. a, genital capsule; b, aedeagus: c, valve. WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 67 Female not known. Wing expanse '): Holotype 5mm. _ Genitalia: & (fig. 12). Unfortunately this species is known only from a single specimen and the abdomen has been damaged. Thus the genitalia are badly broken and infused with some substance which does not dissolve in the usual solvents. The figure and description are therefore reconstructions. Pseuduncus: prolonged backwards, single and uncus in form of inverted Y. Gnathos: probably Y-shaped. A pair of slender lateral support rods present, extending from base of uncus to base of valves. Vinculum: lateral arms narrow, almost equal to length of valves. Saccus broad, deeply bifurcate. Valves not reaching beyond pseuduncus, tapered terminally. Transtillae: lateral arms narrow. Juxta appears to be a simple weakly sclerotised lobe but may have two posteriorly directed spines. Aedeagus probably as illustrated although specimen is in three pieces. There is, on the slide, a broken “horn” which is possibly one of a pair belonging to the aedeagus (dotted). However, this is not certain and they could be part of the juxta. Female not known. Host plant: Scirpus paludosus. Mine: A lower surface ophionome. Diagnosis. The buff colour of the forewings together with the single brown terminal fascia should be sufficient to diagnose this species from others known at present — see check list page 65. The posterior Y-shaped sclerotisation of the gnathos is also characteristic as may be other parts when the structure is known for certain. Discussion. Braun (1925b) described this genus and species from a single specimen. The specimen is still the only one representing scirpi although it should not be too difficult to acquire fresh material. We have no knowledge of the female and since the one male specimen has damaged genitalia we also need to be better informed regarding the structure of the male. Distribution. USA: Utah.. Material examined. & Holotype: USA: “B1142; Bear R. Bay, Utah, 1.22.vi.24. Type collection of Annette F. Braun; Microcalyptris scirpi Braun Type”; slide no: USNM 16785; in ANS. Biology. Mine. Uniformly narrow tract, 8 cm, blackish. Not visible from upper surface. Cocoon. Brownish ochreous, ovoid, very convex above, lacking projecting rim, presumably found in other Nepticulidae. Microcalyptris thoracealbella (Chambers) (figs. 2, 13, 14) Nepticula thoracealbella Chambers, 1873: 127. ') The wing measurements represent the alar expanse in millimeters. The moths were measured from the middle of the mesothorax to the wing-tip and this figure was doubled to give the full alar expanse. 68 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 Nepticula thoracealbella Chambers; Chambers, in Hayden, 1878: 158. Nepticula thoracealbella Chambers; Dyar, 1903: 547. Nepticula thoracealbella Chambers; Braun, 1917: 189. Nepticula thoracealbella Chambers; Braun in Forbes, 1923: 93. Nepticula thoracealbella Chambers; McDunnough, 1939: 107 (no. 9763). Microcalyptris thoracealbella (Chambers); Davis, 1978: 214. Nepticula badiocapitella Chambers, 1876: 160 (syn. by Braun, 1917b: 189). Nepticula badiocapitella Chambers; Chambers in Hayden, 1878: 157. Nepticula badiocapitella Chambers; Dyar, 1903: 545. Description. External features: & (fig. 2). Head: palps creamy white; antennae pale greyish brown; tuft on front of head dark ochreous, vertex darker; eye-caps shining white; collar dark ochreous. Thorax whitish, weakly lustrous. Abdomen pale yellowish brown with metallic grey reflections on both surfaces. Forewings: ground colour of dorsal surface pale brown with bronze reflections, each scale AI MH r———t[j Fig. 13. Microcalyptris thoracealbella. Male genitalia. a, genital capsule; b, aedeagus: c, hair brushes on abdomen segment 4. greyish at the base producing an irrorate effect which becomes more prominent distally; fringe variously irrorate with wing scales apically, whitish and iridescent silver; single medial fascia, off white, broadening on dorsal margin, followed by two marginal patches of the same colour, postmedial in position. Hindwings: ground colour and fringe pale greyish white, shining silver. Legs pale yellow- brown with scattered metallic grey reflections. A pair of hair brushes dorsally on segment IV, lateral in position as in fig. 13c. WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 69 Female. As ¢ except for a pair of convex external pockets ventrally on the third abdominal segment, medial in position. Hair brushes absent. Wing expanse: ¢: 4.6—5.2 mm (4 specimens); 9: 4.6—4.8 mm (2 specimens). Holotype: 4.8 mm. Genitalia: & (fig. 13). Pseuduncus extended, weakly bilobed posteriorly; uncus a bridge-like sclerotisation with a single medial process. Gnathos: as in fig. 13a; transverse ventral plate with a broad medial process; dorso-lateral arms broad and blunted terminally. Vinculum: lateral arms narrow with associated weakly scle- rotised bars; ventral plate very narrow. Saccus broader than the ventral plate, markedly bilobed with each lobe twice as long as broad at the base. Valves not reaching beyond the pseuduncus, straight and blunted terminally. Transtillae: lateral arms short and narrow; ventral arms long and straight; transverse bars lint 77 (b) 002mm Fig. 14. Microcalyptris thoracealbella. Female genitalia. a, genitalia; b, detail of signum enlarged; c, de- tail of ductus bursa enlarged. 70 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 fused to form a continuous narrow strap. Juxta a flask-shaped spinose plate as in fig. 13a. Aedeagus: regular, equal to length of the capsule, with a medial orifice at the point of entry of the ductus ejaculatorius; vesica well defined, with cornuti as small denticles distally and with a cup-shaped plate of minute papillae; anellus comprising a pair of very large canine tooth-like spines. Female (fig. 14). Colliculum funicular and weakly sclerotised. Ductus ne short, expanding medially and bearing three fin-like plates as in fig. 14a. Accessory duct arising from area of dilation, spiral proximally. Bursa copulatrix: covered proximally with scallop-shaped chains of pectinations as in fig. 14c; signum double, comprising two equal length bands of spinose cells with a spinose margin as in figs. 14a and b. Anterior apophyses short and broad. Posterior apophyses narrow, approximately four times length of anteriores. Anal plate large and constricted medially as in fig. 14a. Host plant: Not known. Mine: Not known. Diagnosis. Resembles bipinnatellus sp.n. in the pattern of wing markings, but the darker ground colour, smaller distal patches and the absence of the apical patch in thoracealbella separates the two. The male genitalia also resemble those of bipinnatellus sp.n. but are separated by the papillate pseuduncus, the single lobe of the juxta, and the shorter aedeagus relative to the capsule, in thoracealbella. The female genitalia most closely resemble those of punctulata: the scallop-shaped pectinations on the ductus and the form of the cells of the signa in thoracealbella distinguish the two. Discussion. Originally described by Chambers (1873) froma ee specimen captured in Kentucky. Chambers later (1876) described a similar species also from a single Kentucky specimen, under the name badiocapitella. Braun (1917) regarded these two as synonymous, stating that the descriptions were virtually identical and that the range of variation found in thoracealbella is sufficient to include ba- diocapitella. The material examined in this study, which is believed to represent badiocapitella, has been checked with the type of thoracealbella, and found to be similar. However there is no trace of the type of badiocapitella and this prevents a complete comparison. Chambers’ description of badiocapitella could also be applied to bipinnatellus sp.n. especially in the form of the forewing markings, but in the interests of nomenclatorial stability badiocapitella is left in synonymy with thoracealbella. There is a single 9 from Arkansas, labelled specimen 10, which differs only in that the tuft on the vertex and the forewing ground colour are dark chocolate brown. Distribution. USA: Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, New York. Material examined. & Holotype: USA: “Kentucky Chambers; thoracealbella; Type 14952; labelled as N. thoracealbella, MCZ”; CNC slide no. 3513; in MCZ. Other specimens: In USNM: Pennsylvania, Arendtsville; 19, 2.vii.1921, 24, 3 ex., 6.vii.1921 (Frost). Pennsylvania, Harrisburg; 14, 24.vi.1912. Virginia, Mountain Lake; 13, 23.vii.1940 (Milne and Milne). In ANS: Ohio, Cincinnati; 1g, 17.vii.1903, 19, 1945, 19, 20.v.1945 (Braun). In L. A. Co. Museum: New York WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 71 Sea Cliff; 1g 20.v.? Specimen 10: In USNM: Arkansas, Devil's Den St. Pk., Washington County; 1g, 19, 23.vi.1966 (Hodges); slide no. USNM 17298; wing expanse 5.2 mm. Biology. Immature stages unknown. Voltinism. Bivoltine with adults on the wing in May and in late June and July. Specimen 11 There is a single male with externals like thoracealbella except that the tufts on the head are darker, the thorax and forewings are pale brown and the distal markings of the forewing are triangular streaks rather than patches. The genitalia are badly damaged but can be seen to differ from thoracealbella in the following: the juxta is valve-like in form with a weakly curved apical hook; the spines of the anellus are shorter than in thoracealbella and the cornuti comprise a transverse papillate plate which is expanded laterally as in Obrussa spp. This specimen is labelled as reared from Scirpus olneyi. Specimen 11: In USNM: Maryland, Blackwater Refuge; from Scirpus olneyi; 13, 11.viii. 1943; slide no. USNM 16273; wing expanse 4.0 mm. Microcalyptris punctulata (Braun) comb. n. (figs. 4, 15) Nepticula punctulata Braun, 1910: 174. Nepticula punctulata Braun; Braun, 1917: 192. Nepticula punctulata Braun; McDunnough, 1939: 107 (no. 9769). Description. External features: ¢ 9 (fig. 4). Head: palps whitish buff; antennae pale brown; tufts on front of head very pale buff, vertex usually brownish; eye- caps buff; collar buff. Thorax pale greyish buff, sometimes irrorate with brown. Abdomen brown, shining metallic grey beneath. Forewings: ground colour of dorsal surface greyish buff with scattered silver reflections, variously irrorate with scales brownish at the tip; fringe grey, shining silver. Hindwings: ground colour and fringe pale greyish buff. Legs grey-buff with scattered paler areas, shining, metallic grey behind. Wing expanse: g: 5.0 mm (1 specimen); 9: 4.8—6.0 mm (2 specimens). Lectotype: 4.8 mm. Genitalia: g': not known (the abdomen is missing from the 1g specimen but see specimen 12). © (fig. 15): Colliculum membranous. Ductus bursae long, covered with small denticles proximally and more elongate spicules distally, and with a medial expansion bearing three fin-like sclerotisations as in fig. 15a. Accessory duct arising from area of dilation, spiral distally. Bursa copulatrix: covered proximally with irregular chains of pectinations; signum double, comprising two equal linear bands of spinose plates as in figs. 15a and b. Anterior apophyses broad basally, with associated papillae as in figure. Posterior apophyses as long as ductus and straight. 12 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 Fig. 15. Microcalyptris punctulata. Female genitalia. a, genitalia; b, enlarged detail of signum. Host plant: Ceanothus cuneatus and Rhamnus californica. Mine: an upper surface ophionome. Diagnosis. Resembles distaleus sp.n. in externals but differs in the generally darker ground colour in punctulata; the absence of fasciae or patches on the forewing separates punctulata from thoracealbella and bipinnatellus sp.n. The female genitalia most closely resemble those of thoracealbella; the spicules of the ductus and the spinose plates of the signa in punctulata separate the two. Discussion. A better evaluation of the affinities may be made when male genitalia are known. The female genitalia relate closely to thoracealbella, compare figs. 14 and 15. This species was originally described from two specimens bred WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 73 from Ceanothus cuneatus in California. They were labelled as cotypes by Braun. Both have been examined and are in extremely poor condition. They are unsuitable for reference to the externals, however, the specimen designated as lectotype is the one from which a genitalia slide has been prepared. Distribution. USA: California. Material examined. I designate as lectotype, a 9 syntype; USA: “B.422; Dutch Flat, Placer Co., Cal. i. 22.11.1909; Type Collection of Annette F. Braun; Nepticula punctulata Braun Cotype”’; on Ceanothus cuneatus; slide No. USNM 16212; in ANS. Paralectotype: In ANS: same data as lectotype, | ex. Other specimens: In ANS: California, Loma Linda; 19, 3.vi.1912, 19, 8.iv., 1 ex., 18.vi.1912, 1g, 25.vi.1912, (Pilate). Mines examined: In ANS: California, Dutch Flat, Placer Co.; 2 mines on Ceanothus cuneatus; 6.1.1909, B.422 (Braun). Biology. Egg. Laid on the lower surface of the leaf. Host. Braun (1917) reports that the species also mines leaves of Rhamnus californica from Yosemite, although this material has not been traced. Mine. A short linear mine not visible from the upper surface in the earlier stages later becomes quite distinct and usually follows the margin of the leaf. The frass is deposited as a central black line. Larva. Emerges on the upper surface of the leaf. Cocoon. Reddish brown in colour. Voltinism. Trivoltine with adults on the wing in February, April and June. Braun (loc.cit.) records that the mines on Rhamnus were collected in July. Specimen 12 (fig. 16) There is a single male which may be conspecific with punctulata: Description. External features: ¢. As punctulata except that: tufts on front of head and vertex creamy white; forewings dorsally lustrous white, each scale darker at the tip producing a slight irrorate effect; forewings ventrally covered with creamy white scales almost to the tip; hindwing dorsal and ventral surfaces covered with creamy white scales extending almost to the tip. Genitalia: ¢ (fig. 16). Pseuduncus long, with a single blunted lobe and uncus with bridge-like sclerotisation and a broad, spatulate medial process. Gnathos: transverse ventral plate with a long thin medial process; dorso-lateral arms broad and blunted with short posteriorly-directed processes. Vinculum: lateral arms with associated weakly sclerotised bars tapering distally; ventral plate reduced. Saccus broad, markedly bilobed, each lobe as long as broad at the base. Valves not reaching the pseuduncus, broad and constricted medially, rounded terminally. Transtillae: lateral arms short and broad; ventral arms long and tapering; trans- verse bars indeterminate. Juxta with a broad boat-shaped base as in fig. 16a, distal portion indeterminate. Aedeagus: equal to length of capsule, broadening distally and with a medial orifice; vesica well defined with cornuti in form of several long denticles distally and a cup-shaped plate of minute papillae; anellus comprising a pair of very long tooth-like spines. 74 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 (=e Fig. 16. Microcalyptris specimen 12. Male genitalia. a, genital capsule; b, aedeagus. (b) ee ° Fig. 17. Microcalyptris bipinnatellus. Male genitalia. a, genital capsule; b, aedeagus. WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 75 Diagnosis. Resembles thoracealbella in the overall form of the male genitalia but may be separated by the longer single lobe of the pseuduncus, the sharp medial process of the gnathos and the more weakly bilobed saccus, in specimen 12. The externals are generally more white than the females of punctulata and the absence of scattered brown scales on the forewings separates it from the males of distaleus sp.n. Discussion. The similarity of this specimen to punctulata suggests that it may represent the male of that species. The genitalia are close to those of thoracealbella, a fact which correlates well with the relationship between the female genitalia of punctulata and thoracealbella. Material examined. Specimen 12: USA: Arizona, Flagstaff; 13, 17.vii.1939 (Braun); wing expanse: 5.2 mm; slide no. 149—PJN; in ANS. Microcalyptris bipinnatellus sp.n. (figs. 6, 17, 18) Description. External features: 4. Head: palps greyish; antennae dark grey- brown; tuft on front of head ochreous, vertex paler; eye-caps off-white, weakly lustrous; collar sandy buff. Thorax sandy buff, irrorate with very pale brown. Abdomen brown-grey with metallic reflections above, shining silver beneath. Forewings: ground colour of dorsal surface very pale brown, each scale darker at the tip, scattered blue reflections; fringe greyish white, becoming creamy white at the apex; two creamy white fasciae, antemedial variable in width but usually broadening on the dorsal margin, postmedial oblique and broken by a line of brown scales centrally, followed by a creamy white apical patch, variable in extent. Hindwings: ground colour and fringe greyish, shining silver. Legs dark brown with paler areas, shining metallic grey behind. Female (fig. 6). As ¢ except for a pair of convex, external pockets ventrally on the third abdominal segment. Wing expanse: &: 4.6—5.6 mm (2 specimens); 9: 5.0—6.4 mm (6 specimens). Holotype: 6.8 mm. Genitalia: & (fig. 17). Pseuduncus single lobed; uncus with bridge-like sclerotisation and a large medial process. Gnathos: as in fig. 17a; transverse ventral plate with large medial process; dorso-lateral arms narrow and tapering. Vinculum: lateral arms with associated weakly sclerotised bars, ventral plate reduced, with a convex medial expansion. Saccus broad, markedly bilobed with each lobe longer than broad at base. Valves not reaching the pseuduncus, narrow and tapering distally. Transtillae: lateral arms short and broad; ventral arms long and straight; transverse bars indeterminate. Juxta trifurcate with central lobe spinose. Aedeagus: longer than the capsule, broadening distally, basally quadrate with large medial orifice at the point of entry of the ductus ejaculatorius; vesica well defined with cornuti as small denticles distally and with a cup-shaped plate of minute papillae; anellus comprising a pair of very large hook-like spines. Female (fig. 18). Colliculum with weakly sclerotised funicular antrum and a pair of fin-like plates. Ductus bursae long and weakly sclerotised, with a pair of fin-like 76 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 plates distally. Accessory duct arising distally. Bursa copulatrix: with weakly sclerotised chains of pectinations proximally; signum double, comprising two ovate cellular patches of equal size, as in figs. 18a and b. Anterior apophyses long and narrow. Posterior apophyses broad and sometimes club-shaped distally, reaching well beyond the anteriores. Anal plate ovate as in fig. 18a. Host plant: Not known. Mine: Not known. Diagnosis. Similar to thoracealbella in externals but the paler ground colour, the larger distal patches and the presence of the apical patch on the forewings of bipinnatellus separate the two. The male genitalia also resemble those of thoracealbella but they may be differentiated by the single lobe of the pseuduncus, the tapering valves and the longer aedeagus relative to the capsule, in bipinnatellus. The female genitalia are differentiated from other members of the genus, listed on RATE (a) Fig. 18. Microcalyptris bipinnatellus. Female genitalia. a, genitalia; b, enlarged detail of signum. WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 0] page 65, by the complex ornamentation of the ductus and the ovate signa in bipinnatellus. Discussion. Perhaps most closely related to thoracealbella judging from externals and male genitalia. This new species is represented by a well mounted and prepared type series collected by Hodges comparatively recently. Distribution. USA: Florida. Material examined. & Holotype: “Florida Lake Placid Archbold Bio. Sta. 1—8 June 1964 R. W. Hodges”; slide no: USNM 17282; in ANS. Paratypes: In USNM: Florida, Lake Placid, Archbold Bio. Sta.; 19, 1—7.v.1964, 39, 8—15.v.1964 (Hodges). Florida, Fisheating Cr. Palmdale; 19, 7—10.v.1964 (Hodges). Florida, Parker Is., Highlands Co.; 14 26—29.v.1964 (Hodges). Florida, Roy. Palm State Park; 1g, 39, 1.1930 (Jones, F. M.); slide nos: USNM 17240, 17241, 17253, 17281, 17302, 17303, 17427, 17428, 17247. Biology. Immature stages unknown. Voltinism. Univoltine, with adults on the wing throughout May and in early June. Etymology. Pinna (Latin): fin. Microcalyptris postalatratus sp.n. (figs. 3, 19) Description. External features: ¢ (fig. 3). Head: palps greyish; antennae pale brown; tufts on front of head and vertex dark brown; eye-caps creamy white, lustrous; collar dark brown. Thorax and abdomen buff with scattered brown scales, abdomen shining metallic grey beneath. Forewings: ground colour of (a) Fig. 19. Microcalyptris postalatratus. Male genitalia. a, genital capsule; b, aedeagus. 78 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 1979 dorsal surface buff, with each scale dark brown at the tip; fringe greyish with several purplish black scales at the base of the dorsal margin, otherwise shining metallic grey; ventral surface with an oval patch of purplish black scales extending to two thirds. Hindwings: dorsal and ventral surfaces covered with purplish black scales extending almost to the apex; fringe greyish, shining metallic grey. Legs pale greyish brown with metallic grey reflections behind. Female. Not known. Wing expanse: 4: 3.4 mm (paratype); holotype: 5.4 mm. Genitalia: & (fig. 19). Pseuduncus with a single rounded lobe and uncus bridge- like with a spatulate central process. Gnathos: transverse ventral plate with a large medial process, tapering distally; dorso-lateral arms blunted with short posteri- : orly-directed processes. Vinculum: lateral arms with associated weakly sclerotised bars broad at the base; ventral plate reduced. Saccus narrow, bilobed with each lobe as long as broad at base. Valves not reaching the pseuduncus, narrow and tapering distally. Transtillae: broadly W-shaped as in fig. 19a, lateral arms long and narrow, ventral arms short; transverse bars fused to form a continuous arcuate © strap. Juxta membranous. Aedeagus: broad and regular, equal to length of capsule; vesica well defined with cornutus in form of many large denticles distally and a cup-shaped plate of minute papillae; anellus comprising a pair and twor single tooth-like spines. Female not known. Host plant: Not known. Mine: Not known. Diagnosis. The striking contrast between the forewing ground colour and the purplish black scales of the hindwing separate this from all the other members of the genus discussed here. The genitalia resemble those of other members of the genus but may be differentiated by the short, rounded lobe of the pseuduncus, the short lobes of the saccus and the rather broad, squat appearance of the aedeagus. Discussion. Externally this species appears not closely related to any other in the genus as it is presently understood but the male genitalia correspond well. Further collection and the rearing of females especially, may make its affinities within the genus more clear. Described from two specimens collected by Braun in Arizona, but she failed to name them and identify them as belonging to her genus Microcalyptris. Distribution. USA: Arizona. Material examined. 3° Holotype: USA: ‘Chiricahua Mts., nr. Portal, Arizona. 4.vii.1939, A. F. Braun”; slide no: 150— PJN; in ANS. Paratype: In ANS: Arizona, Superior; 1g, 11.vii.1939 (Braun); slide no: 151—PJN. Biology. Immature stages unknown. Etymology. Atratus (Latin): dressed in black. Microcalyptris distaleus sp.n. (figs.5, 209211) Description. External features: 4 9 (fig. 5). Head: palps whitish; antennae pale brown, tuft on front of head whitish ochre, vertex whitish; eye-caps white; collar WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 79 nn Fig. 20. Microcalyptris distaleus. Male genitalia. a, genital capsule; b, aedeagus; c, detail on vesica en- larged. creamy white. Thorax and abdomen creamy white, abdomen with metallic reflections beneath. Forewings: ground colour of dorsal surface white, sparsely irrorate with scales brown at the tip, shining silver; fringe whitish, shining silver. Hindwings: ground colour and fringe pale greyish white with scattered darker areas. Wing expanse: ¢: 5.2 mm (1 specimen); 9: 4.2 mm (1 specimen). Holotype: 6.2 mm. Genitalia: ¢ (fig. 20). Pseuduncus with broad single lobe, uncus bridge-like bifurcate and papillate extending beyond pseuduncus. Gnathos: as in fig. 20a, transverse ventral plate with large medial process; dorso-lateral arms long and narrow. Vinculum: apparently lacking associated sclerotised bars; ventral plate broad with medial excavation. Saccus as broad as ventral plate, very weakly bilobed. Valves: reaching just beyond the pseuduncus, tapering markedly and pointed terminally. Transtillae: with short, stout lateral arms; transverse bars indeterminate. Aedeagus: markedly shorter than the capsule, regular in width; vesica with cornuti as many small denticles orientated in a ridge laterally and with a large medial spine as in fig. 20b and also with a cup-shaped plate of minute papillae. Female (fig. 21). Colliculum membranous. Ductus bursae long, expanding distally. Accessory duct arising distally with a single patch of spines at the vesti- . bule, spiral distally. Bursa copulatrix: large and covered proximally with short chains of weakly sclerotised pectinations; signum double, comprising two equal bands of spinose cells with whorls of pectinations as in fig. 21a and b. Anterior 80 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 apophyses short and broad. Posterior apophyses long and straight, markedly longer than the anteriores. Host plant: Not known. Mine: Not known. Diagnosis. Rather paler than the other members of the genus, listed on page 65, except for Specimen 12; the scattered brown scales of the forewing in distaleus separate the two. The male genitalia are easily differentiated by the markedly tapering valves, the papillate sclerotisation of the pseuduncus and the orientation of the cornuti. The female genitalia resemble those of thoracealbella and punctulata in the form of the signa, but the absence of any sclerotisation on the ductus and the spiculate accessory duct, in distaleus, are diagnostic. (a) Fig. 21. Microcalyptris distaleus. Female genitalia. a, genitalia; b, detail of signum enlarged. Discussion. This species is rather atypical of the genus, because the male lacks the characteristic lateral bars associated with the vinculum and gnathos, the WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 81 complex form of the anellus and differs in the overall nature of the aedeagus. The female is also atypical in the absence of an antrum and the associated sclerotis- ation of the ductus which is found in the other known members of the genus. Especially the wing venation and general aspects of both male and female genitalia do, however, indicate that it is congeneric with thoracealbella. Distribution. USA: Arizona; California. Material examined. & Holotype: USA: “Flagstaff, Arizona, 18.vii.1939, A. F. Braun”; slide no: 153—PJN; in ANS. Paratypes: In ANS: Arizona, Flagstaff; 19, 18.vii.1939 (Braun). California, Loma Linda; 1g, 14.vi.1912 (Pilate); slide nos: 152—PJN, 154—PJN. Biology. Immature stages unknown. Etymology. Talea (Latin): slender staff or rod; dis (Latin): without. The two new species following are recently published by my colleague Dr. D. R. Davis in a paper entitled “New Leaf-mining Moths of the Family Nepticulidae from Florida.” Thus there is no need to treat them in full, but a diagnosis and other important details are given for the sake of completeness. Microcalyptris bicornutus Davis (fig. 7) Microcalyptris bicornutus Davis, 1978: 212. Diagnosis. 4 ©. (fig. 7). Fully described by Davis (loc. cit.). Head yellowish. Palps and forewings uniformly greyish brown, paler basally. Scales often tipped with fuscous. Hindwings uniform lighter grey. In females the sternites of the abdomen has a pair of indistinct fenestrae situated near anterior margin, on either side of the mid-ventral line. Male genitalia (see Davis, loc.cit., figs. 18—20) with blunt, apically flattened pseuduncus. Uncus a bridge-like sclerotisation associated with pseuduncus and gnathos, similar to that of postalatratus. Gnathos also similar. Vinculum with a pair of characteristic slender apophyses projecting anteriorly. Valves simple, rounded terminally. Juxta is large, complex and therefore diagnostic; comprising a broad plate, deeply bifurcate anteriorly and posteriorly, producing rounded apodemes directed forwards and pointed apodemes backwards. Aedeagus arcuate, without cornuti, but having typical large canine tooth-like spine on anellus. Female genitalia (Davis, loc.cit., fig. 32) have the usual very long posterior apophyses. Bursa copulatrix membranous with a pair of asymmetrical signa; each Signum mostly comprising a single row of 20—31 scalariform ‘cell’ elements with thickened margin. Discussion. The species is described from a large series of 48 types. They were collected as adults so the host plant, mine and biology of the immature stages are unknown. M. bicornutus is apparently univoltine with a flight period between September and late November. The long support rods extending from the gnathos in the male and the very long posterior apophyses in the female are of particular interest in Microcalyptris spe- cies. 82 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 Distribution. USA: Only known from Florida Keys. Material examined. ¢ Holotype: USA: “Key Largo, Monroe Co., Florida; 19.xi.1964. Mrs. Spencer Kemp”. & genitalia USNM 16938 Holotype USNM 72105 in USNM. Paratypes. In USNM: 403, 79, data as holotype, 8.x.— 20.x1.1964, 29.1x.1972. Microcalyptris tenuijuxtus Davis (fig. 8) Microcalyptris tenuijuxtus Davis, 1978: 216. Diagnosis. ¢ 9 (fig. 8). Described by Davis (loc.cit.); the following characters separate this species from the others described here. Almost entire moth pale yellowish white, forewing with some brown irrorations in basal two thirds and increasing distally including fringe almost forming two brown fasciae in some specimens (e.g., Holotype). Hindwing white to pale yellowish. Abdominal fene- strae absent. Male genitalia (see Davis, loc.cit., figs. 21—23). Pseuduncus characteristic with a median lobe, a pair of spine-like lobes and a pair of rounded lobes arising from it; median lobe (probably uncus) with four small apical setae and the pair of rounded lobes, each with one seta. Gnathos horn-like and bearing the lateral support rods. Vinculum with anterior apophyses moderately well developed. Valves slender and rounded apically. Juxta in shape of inverted T with arms rounded and stem bifur- cate at tip. Aedeagus characteristic with about three apical spines and rounded lobes apically. Female genitalia (Davis, loc.cit., fig. 33). Posterior apophyses again very long. Bursa copulatrix without signa. Accessory duct present with spiral distally as in bicornutus. Discussion. This species is described from 22 specimens, but only one is female. It is somewhat unusual in that the female has no signa on the bursa, and the male has the curious development on the pseuduncus. The host plant, mine and immature stages are unknown. The species is probably univoltine although the range of collecting dates (early October to late November) may simply reflect the periodicity of the collector. Distribution. USA: Florida Keys. Material examined. & Holotype: USA: “Key Largo, Monroe Co., Florida, 17.x1.1964. Mrs. Spencer Kemp.” ¢ genitalia USNM 1680, Holotype USNM 72106 in USNM. Paratypes. In USNM: 20 4, 1 © same data as holotype, 8.x.— 28.x1.1964. Fomoria Beirne, 1945 Fomoria Beirne, 1945: 208. Type species by original designation: Fomoria weaveri (Stainton). Taxonomic history The genus was originally described by Beirne (1945) as a European genus with WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 83 two species weaveri and septembrella (Stainton) transferred to it from ‘‘Nepticula”’ von Heyden, 1843 — a junior synonym of Stigmella Schrank, 1802 (see Wilkinson, 1978: 13). The original generic description was based on the structure of the male genitalia. Comment was made on the colour of the head and wings and also on larval habits. However, venation and female structures were not discussed although venation, at least, is characteristic. The two species which are here transferred to Fomoria are the first North American species to be recognized as belonging to this genus. Generic description External features: 4 Q. Head: palps extending well beyond labrum, pale in colour; antennae approximately half the length of the forewing, pale or brown annulate with paler areas; tuft on front of head brown or ochreous, vertex concolorous; eye-caps white, sometimes with fuscous scales distally; collar as vertex. Thorax dark brown to, black and iridescent. Abdomen brown and iridescent gold or silver. Venation: as in fig. 22. Forewings: Media coalescing with Cubitus at base and both passing obliquely to Radius at R,,,; Cubitus becoming obsolete; R, and R, separate. Hindwings: Media single-branched. Forewings: elongate and ovate in shape, ground colour of dorsal surface brown, sometimes Sc Ry SC +R] A Cu Fig. 22. Fomoria sp. Wing venation. with scales darker at the tips; fringe brown or grey and marked apically with a band of wing scales; markings either absent or in the form of silver fasciae or patches. Hindwings: narrow and lanceolate, brown. Legs: brown or ochreous, sometimes annulate with paler areas; proximal pair of spurs on hind-tibiae below the middle. 84 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 Male genitalia: vinculum always ring-shaped; tegumen fused with vinculum dorsally, extending into long, bluntly pointed pseuduncus. Uncus sclerotised with spatulate medial projection. Gnathos with medial arms fused to form posterior central boss or tapering process, rarely with anterior medial projection, lateral arms usually broad and straight. Saccus weakly bilobed. Valves tapering markedly and in Nearctic species with large dorsal spine. Transtillae broadly W-shaped; transverse bars continuous. Juxta present in Palaearctic species as complex, heavily sclerotised plate; absent in Nearctic species. Aedeagus: regular or weakly flask-shaped, usually equal to length of capsule; vesica usually adorned with small denticles and with a complex plate of minute papillae; several pairs of heavily sclerotised, sometimes elaborate, cornuti and anellar spines. Female genitalia: apophyses approximately equal to length of ductus. Colliculum with sclerotised funicular antrum or complex plates. Ductus denticu- late and with spiral accessory duct and sac. Bursa copulatrix: large and variously pectinate; signum double, comprising weakly sclerotised, linear, reticulate patches. | Mining habit: leaf mines; larvae often recorded as pupating within the mines. Generic differential diagnosis. See page 63. Fomoria pteliaeella (Chambers) comb.n. (figs. 9, 23, 24) Nepticula pteliaeella Chambers, 1881: 137; 1882: 276. Nepticula pteliaeella Chambers; Dyar, 1903: 546. Nepticula pteliaeella Chambers; Braun, 1917: 168. Nepticula pteliaeella Chambers; Braun, in Forbes, 1923: 86. Nepticula pteliaeella Chambers; McDunnough, 1939: 107 (no. 9721). Description. External features: ¢. Head: palps greyish; antennae dark grey; tufts on front of head and vertex brown; eye-caps shining white; collar very dark brown. Thorax very dark brown to black, strongly iridescent silver. Abdomen dark brown with scattered gold reflections above, shining metallic grey beneath. Forewings: ground colour of dorsal surface dark brown with bronze reflections, fringe greyish brown, shining silver at apex, with an apical band of dark brown wing-scales; basal patch on dorsal margin, silver, followed by a single antemedial fascia, shining silver and widening .on dorsal margin, two marginal streaks, postmedial, almost touching in the middle, both shine silver but have dusted appearance when viewed from certain angles. Hindwings: ground colour and fringe greyish brown, shining metallic grey. Legs dark brown with metallic grey reflections, yellowish behind (fig. 9). Female. As 8 except for a pair of convex external pockets ventrally on the third abdominal segment, medial in position. Wing expanse: &: 4.0—5.0 mm (8 specimens); 9: 3.8—5.4 mm (11 specimens). Genitalia: &. (fig. 23). Pseuduncus with a single tapering lobe and associated sclerotisation with a medial spatulate process as in fig. 23a. Gnathos: an inverted V as in fig. 23a; transverse ventral plate with a large, pointed medial process; dorso- lateral arms broad and straight. Vinculum: triangular as in fig. 23a; lateral arms WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 85 TA N F1 il “il il \ 0 J 1 G Fig. 23. Fomoria pteliaeella. Male genitalia. a, genital capsule; b, aedeagus; c, valve. very broad; ventral plate broad. Saccus narrower than the ventral plate, weakly bilobed. Valves not reaching pseuduncus, tapering markedly and with dorsal spine arising medially not reaching beyond the cuiller as in fig. 23c. Transtillae: W- shaped as in fig. 23a; lateral arms short and narrow; ventral arms long, reaching beyond the ventral plate; transverse bars fused. Aedeagus: broad and regular, shorter than length of capsule; vesica with between five and ten very large cornuti and with a plate of minute papillae as in fig. 23b; anellus comprising a pair of broad lateral spines. Female (fig. 24). Colliculum with a weakly sclerotised funicular pocket as in fig. 24a. Ductus bursae short and narrow with accessory duct arising medially, becoming spiral distally. Bursa copulatrix: large and covered with short, heavily sclerotised chains of pectinations proximally and heavily sclerotised denticles distally, both of which are on striations of the bursa; signum double comprising a pair of long cellular patches, unequal in length as in figs. 24a and b. Anterior apophyses very long and slightly arcuate distally. Posterior apophyses straight and narrow, not reaching the anteriores. Host plant: Prelea trifoliata (Hop-tree). Mine: An upper surface ophionome. Diagnosis. Differs externally from hypericella in the strongly iridescent nature of the thorax of pteliaeella and in the absence of wing markings in hypericella. Both male and female genitalia resemble those of hypericella but may be separated by the pointed median process of the gnathos, the relatively shorter aedeagus and the larger and more numerous cornuti at the phallotreme in pteliaeella; the females differ in that the funicular antrum lacks the heavy sclerotisation and the lance- shaped plate found in hypericella. Discussion. Obviously related to hypericella in the overall form of both male and 86 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 female genitalia and particularly in the large dorsal spine of the valves. First described by Chambers (1881) from larva and mine and then later (1882) from the adult he had reared. Distribution. USA: Ohio. (a) Fig. 24. Fomoria pteliaeella. Female genitalia. a, genitalia; b, detail of signum enlarged. Material examined. In ANS: Ohio, Cincinnati; on Ptelea trifoliata; | Gg, Ovi 1917, 2-8 3) 9,7 ex., vi. 1917 1.0%, 1911917 B: 736) (Braun) MO hice Clermont County; on Ptelea trifoliata; 1 3, 5.vi.1916, 1 &, 2.v.1921, 1 g, 2.v.1921, boy 2lwl92l2 Alex, 232,192, 2,22 D BE evel OZ IEN 26.v.1921, B.736 (Braun). In USNM: Ohio, Clermont County; on Ptelea trifoliata; 2 ®, 25, 26.v.1921, B.736 (Braun). In Zoölogisch Museum, Amsterdam. Ohio, WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 87 Cincinnati, 3 &, 11.vi.1917, B.736 (Braun). Mines examined: in ANS: Ohio, 1 mine on Ptelea trifoliata; date not certain, B.736 (Braun). Biology. Egg. Laid on the lower surface of the leaf and, in the single case examined, next to a vein. Mine. An upper surface, much contorted linear mine with rather undulating margins in the later portion. The frass is evenly scattered across the breadth of the mine in the earlier portion, but is a continuous central line distally. Larva. Emerges on the upper surface of the leaf prior to pupation. Pupa. Cocoon dark brown (Braun) or yellowish green (Chambers). Voltinism. Braun (1917) reports that larvae may be collected in July, August and September, and that the species is bivoltine. The material examined here represents a single generation, the adults being on the wing in late May and June. This agrees with Chambers’ findings. Fomoria hypericella (Braun) comb.n. (figs. 10, 25, 26) Nepticula hypericella Braun, 1925a: 17. Nepticula hypericella Braun; McDunnough, 1939: 107 (No: 9768). Description. External features: ¢ ©. Head: palps grey; antennae greyish brown, faintly annulate with paler areas; tuft on front of head orange-ochreous, vertex darker; eye-caps shining white, sometimes shading to fuscous distally; collar pale (b) _—__________aou Fig. 25. Fomoria hypericella. Male genitalia. a, genital capsule; b, aedeagus; c, detail on vesica en- larged. 88 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 ochreous. Thorax and abdomen dark brown, thorax with greyish lustre, abdomen shining metallic grey beneath. Forewings: ground colour of dorsal surface greyish brown, each scale darker at the tip, various reflections but predominantly grey and | bronze; fringe greyish shining metallic grey, with an apical band of dark brown wing-scales. Hindwings: ground colour and fringe brownish, shining metallic grey. Legs greyish brown, paler and shining metallic grey behind, tarsi faintly annulate with buff (fig. 10). Wing expanse: &: 4.0—4.8 mm (8 specimens); 9: 3.8—5.0 mm (9 specimens). Holotype: 5.0 mm. Genitalia: &. (fig. 25). Pseuduncus with a single, tapering lobe and uncus sclerotised with a medial spatulate process as in fig. 25a. Gnathos: an inverted V with transverse ventral plate forming a broad and flat central boss; dorso-lateral arms short. Vinculum: lateral arms broad; ventral plate narrow, with a medial convex expansion. Saccus very narrow, bilobed. Valves just reaching the pseu- duncus, tapering markedly into a broad point, with dorsal spine arising medially just reaching cuiller as in fig. 25a. Transtillae: broadly W-shaped as in fig. 25a; ° lateral arms short and narrow; ventral arms blunted, not reaching the ventral plate. Aedeagus: flask-shaped, approximately equal to length of capsule; vesica with cornuti as many small spiculate plates and with a comma-shaped plate of minute papillae; anellus comprising two pairs of very large tooth-like spines and single spines. Female (fig. 26). Colliculum with a weakly sclerotised funicular antrum and a lance-shaped chitinous plate. Ductus bursae short and as broad as the bursa copulatrix. Accessory duct arising from the area of sclerotisation, spiral distally. Bursa copulatrix: long and narrow with short heavily sclerotised chains of pectinations proximally and heavily sclerotised denticles distally, both of which are on striations of the bursa; signum double, comprising an equal pair of long, cellular patches as in figs. 26a and b. Anterior apophyses long and narrow. Posterior apophyses straight and narrow, approximately equal to length of the anteriores. Host plant: Hypericum prolificum (St. John’s Wort). Mine: An upper surface ophionome. Diagnosis. The uniform colour of the forewings and the absence of any markings separate this species from pteliaeella. The quadrate median process of the gnathos, the larger aedeagus and the more complex anellar projections in hypericella distinguish the male genitalia from those of pteliaeella, while the more heavily sclerotised antrum of hypericella separates the females. Discussion. Originally described from holotype and 18 paratypes all reared by Braun. Distribution. USA: Ohio. Material examined. 9 Holotype: USA: “B. 1103; Eastwood O., i. 13.viii.1923, Annette F. Braun; Type; Nepticula hypericella Braun Type”; on Hypericum prolificum; slide no. 110—PJN; in ANS. Paratypes: in ANS: data as Holotype: 1 &, 1 9, 6.viii.1923, 2 &,2 9, 8.viii.1923, bg) 10.viii.1923, 579, 1.vu01923, 03 wen el 2 viii 923.01 GEV IOS MINOR WILKINSON: Microcalyptris and Fomoria 89 20.viii.1923, B.1103 (Braun); slide nos: 111—PJN, 112—PJN, 113—PJN, 114—PJN, 115—PJN. Mines examined: In ANS: Ohio, Eastwood; 2 mines on Hypericum prolificum; 20.vii.1923, B.1103 (Braun). Biology. Egg. Laid on the lower surface of the leaf, adjacent to the midrib. Mine. A very long, slender tract on the upper surface. The frass is deposited centrally as a continuous line in the early portion but later more generally scattered. Larva. Emerges on the lower surface of the leaf. Braun reports that occasion- Fig. 26. Fomoria hypericella. Female genitalia. 90 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 4, 1979 ally pupation occurs within the mine, with the anterior edge of the cocoon placed at the slit in the leaf surface. Pupa. Cocoon pale brown in colour. Voltinism. Univoltine in Ohio, the adults being on the wing in August. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks are due to Mr. Philip Newton who whilst my research assistant in England helped considerably with dissections and drafting some species descrip- tions. I am very grateful to Dr. Georgina Bryan (FUA) who assisted with final checking and proof reading and to Dr. D. R. Davis (USNM) for his hospitality, helpful discussions and for arranging the loan of specimens. I acknowledge Mr. G. W.H. van den Berg and Mr. S. Paniry for their help with the illustrations. REFERENCES Beirne, B. P., 1945. The Male Genitalia of the British Stigmellidae (Nepticulidae) (Lep.). — Proc. R. Ir. Acad., (B) 50 (9): 191—218, 81 figs. Braun, A. F., 1910. New species of Tineina from California. — Ent. News. 21 (4): 171—179. 1915. New genera and species of Tineina. — Can. Ent. 47 (6): 188— 197, 6 figs. ——., 1917. Nepticulidae of North America. — Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 43 (762): 155—209, 4 pls. —., 1923. Superfamily Nepticuloidea. Family 5. Nepticulidae. — In: Forbes, W. T. W. (ed.), Lepi- doptera of New York and Neighbouring States. pp. 79—98, 10 figs. ——, 1925a. Some undescribed Microlepidoptera and notes on life histories. — Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 51: 13—17. —., 1925b. Microlepidoptera of Northern Utah. — Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 51 (3): 183— 226. Busck, A., 1907. New American Tineina. — Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 16: 46—54, 143—150. Chambers, V. T., 1873. Micro-Lepidoptera. — Can. Ent. 5 (7): 124—128. ——, 1876. Tineina. — Can. Ent. 8 (8): 158— 160. ———., 1878. Index to the described Tineina of the United States and Canada. — In: Hayden, F. V. (ed.), Bull. U. S. geol. geogr. Surv. Territ. 4: 125— 167. —, 1881. Further notes on some Tineid larvae. — Psyche 3: 135— 137, 147— 149. , 1882. Nepticula pteliaeella n. spec. — Psyche 3: 276. Davis, D. R., 1978. New Leaf-mining Moths of the family Nepticulidae from Florida. — Florida Ento- mologist 61 (4): 209— 224, 36 figs., | map. Dyar, H. G., 1903. List of North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects. — Bull. U.S. natn. Mus. 52: xix + 723 pp. Washington. Heyden, C. von, 1843. Amtliche Bericht der Versammlung der Naturforscher zu Mainz: 208 pp. McDunnough, J., 1939. Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America, part II. Microlepidoptera. — Mem. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2 (1): 1—171. Schrank, F. von P., 1802. Fauna boica. 2 (2) 412 pp. — Nürnberg. Wilkinson, C., 1978. On the Stigmella-Nepticula controversy (Lepidoptera). — Tijdschr. Entom. 121 (2): 13—22, pls. 1—2. Wilkinson, C.& M. J. Scoble, 1979. The Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) of Canada. — Mem. Canad. Ent. 107: 1—118, 61 figs., 10 pls. 4 È | LIBRARY _ DEEL 122 AFLEVERING 5 a 1979 i JUN 4 9 1979 À ‘ HARVARD 3 UNIVERSITY | TIJDSCHRIFT | VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING INHOUD _ E. N. SAVTSHENKO. — Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae, p. 91126, fig. Ar . È I—5. Translated and revised by B. Theowald and G. Theischinger. > ae ijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 122, afl. 5 Gepubliceerd 31-V-1979 PHYLOGENIE UND SYSTEMATIK DER TIPULIDAE von E. N. SAVTSHENKO [Fauna Ukraini 14 (1), pp. 63—88 (1966)] Deutsche Bearbeitung von B. THEOWALD Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie (Zoölogisch Museum), Plantage Middenlaan 64, Amsterdam und G. THEISCHINGER Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum, Museumstraße 14, Linz, Österreich Mit fünf Abbildungen VORWORT In den letzten fünfzig Jahren ist von mehreren Spezialisten an der Taxonomie der Tipuloidea gearbeitet worden, wodurch sich die Zahl der bekannten Arten vervielfachte. In diesem Zeitraum erschienen auch die ersten Arbeiten über Anatomie, Vergleichende Morphologie, Physiologie, Cytologie und Biologie der Tipuloidea, und Larven, Puppen und Fossilien einer Reihe von Arten wurden bekannt. Unser Freund Eugen Nikolajewitsh Savtshenko hat als erster die Ergebnisse aller dieser Diziplinen zur Nachprüfung der Stammesgeschichte der Tipuloidea benützt, und damit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Phylogenie der Dipteren, von denen die Tipuloidea die älteste Gruppe darstellen, vorgelegt. Diese Arbeit erschien ursprünglich in ukrainischer Sprache. Das Institut für taxonomische Zoologie der Universität von Amsterdam hat es Frau E. Hanicenko ermöglicht, sie wörtlich ins Holländische zu übersetzen. Basierend auf dieser Übersetzung haben wir mit freundlicher Mithilfe des Autors eine deutsche Bearbeitung fertiggestellt für diejenigen, die die ukrainische Sprache niet beherrschen. Auf Vorschlag des Autors sind gegenüber der ursprünglichen Ausgabe einige kleine hauptsächlich nomenklatorische Änderungen eingearbeitet worden, wodurch die Arbeit wieder up to date ist. Die Figuren wurden von Herrn J. Zaagman (Institut für taxonomische Zoologie, Amsterdam) neu- gezeichnet und für diese Ausgabe fortlaufend numeriert. PHYLOGENIE UND SYSTEMATIK DER TIPULIDAE Die Tipulidae gehören zusammen mit den anderen Tipuloidea (Trichoceridae, Cylindrotomidae, Limoniidae, Tanyderidae und Ptychopteridae) zu der natür- lichen Entstehungsgruppe der niederen Nematocera, die als monophyletisch gilt. Es ist deshalb zweckmäßig diese Familien nicht gesondert, sondern in ihrem Zusammenhang zu betrachten. 9] 92 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 DIE PHYLOGENIE DER TIPULOIDEA Die Tipuloidea gehören, wie alle anderen Dipteren, zu den Mecopteroidea oder der Panorpoiden-Gruppe der Insekten. Ihren Ursprung haben sie in den meso- zoischen Panorpiden (Tillyard, 1918; Handlirsch, 1939). Die Tipuloidea und die heutigen oder schon ausgestorbenen Panorpiden haben viele morphologische Merkmale gemeinsam, was auf nahe Verwandtschaft hin- weist (Bodenheimer, 1924). Die Tipuloidea haben folgende ursprüngliche Merkmale, wenn auch in etwas abgeänderter Form, von den Panorpiden übernommen und behalten: a. in beiden Geschlechtern dichoptische Augen und vielgliedrige Fühler mit etwa gleichgeformten Fühlergliedern; b. ein ziemlich kompliziertes Flügelgeäder, besonders in den Hauptstämmen der Adern: Radius vierästig, eine m-cu-Querader, deutliche Reste eines zweiten Cubitus in Form einer Falte entlang cu, und zwei Analadern, außerdem das atavistische Vorkommen einiger anormaler Queradern — besonders in den radialen und medialen Zellen der Flügelspitze, wo solche auch bei den Ur- formen sehr lange gefunden wurden (Rohdendorf, 1960); c. das sporadische, wahrscheinlich atavistische Vorkommen von Makrotrichien in den Flügelzellen bei Arten von Artengruppen, deren andere Arten alle unbehaarte Flügel haben (z.B. Nephrotoma quadristriata (Schummel) bei den Tipulidae); eine Querzeichnung der Flügel, die charakteristisch ist für einige Tipulidae (Tipula trifasciata Loew und andere), Limoniidae und Ptychopteridae; d. eine V-förmige Quernaht am Mesonotum, die mit Ausnahme der Tipulidae nur bei wenigen anderen Gruppen von Nematoceren vorhanden ist (z.B. bei den Mycetophilidae), und bei Spezialisation der Dipteren verschwindet; e. eines der zwei Meronen, die für die Panorpiden charakteristisch sind, ist bei vielen Limoniidae schon weitgehend reduziert und bei höher spezialisierten Dipteren verschwunden (Edwards, 1938). Die phylogenetische Verwandtschaft der Tipuloidea mit den Panorpiden wird auch bestätigt durch das Vorhandensein von deutlich entwickelten Ozellen bei archaischen Gruppen (Trichoceridae) und von wenigstens rudimentären Ozellen (Slipka, 1950a, 1950b) bei höher spezialisierten Gruppen (Tipulidae); auch durch die homologe Innervierung und Befestigung der Flügel am Thorax bei beiden Gruppen (Zacwilichowski, 1933, 1934) sowie durch homologe Auswüchse an den Tergiten des Abdomens der Larven (Theowald, 1957). Auch die Ernährungsweise der Imagines der Tipulidae ist jener der Panorpiden ähnlich. Sie ernähren sich vom Nektar der Blumen, von Honigtau und von normalem Tau (Stitz, 1926). Auf Grund von vergleichend-morphologischen und palaeontologischen Ge- gebenheiten (Martynowa, 1959; Rohdendorf, 1960, 1961, 1962 und 1964) sieht die Entwicklung der mesozoischen Panorpiden bis zu den primitiven Formen der Dipteren und von diesen bis zu den Tipulidae folgendermaßen aus. Schon im Perm — vor wenigstens 225 Million Jahren — haben sich aus den palaeozoischen Panorpiden, gehörend zu den Permochoristidae, die Para- trichoptera entwickelt. Sie waren später in der Evolution des ganzen Panorpiden- SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae 93 Abb. |: Geäder der Vorderflügel einiger Ahnen der Tipulidae (nach Rohdendorf): a Panorpide aus dem Perm (Platychoristidae); b, c Panorpide aus dem Perm (Permochoristidae); d Panorpide aus dem Perm (Permotipulidae, Gattung Permotipula); e, f Archaische Zweiflügler aus dem Trias (Archidiptera) der Familie Dictyodipteridae; g Diplarchitipula Rohdendorf (Architipulidae); h Architipula Handlirsch (Ar- chitipulidae). Komplexes der Insekten von großer Bedeutung. Diese Gruppe, gekennzeichnet durch eine große ökologische Plastizität, entwickelte sich schnell und breitete sich über immer mehr Biotope aus (Martynova, 1959). In dieser Gruppe begann die Reduktion der Hinterflügel, die schließlich zur Zweiflügeligkeit führte (Dipterismus). Die Vorderflügel der Paratrichoptera unterscheiden sich von denen der anderen palaeozoischen Panorpiden durch eine Anzahl von progressiven Merkmalen wie Kostalisation der Hauptstämme des Flügelgeäders, wodurch sich die Flügelmembran verschmälerte und die cubitalen Adern dicht aneinander zu liegen kamen, Differenzierung der Basis des Radius und Reduktion der Anzahl der Analadern bis auf eine oder zwei (Abb. 1:b, c). Im Gegensatz zu den archaischen Panorpiden aus dem Perm hatten die Paratrichoptera viel weniger 94 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 oder gar keine Queradern in den radialen und medialen Zellen der Flügelspitze. Gewöhnlich wurden aber wohl die m-cu Querader und die kleine Querader von den Vorfahren vererbt. Manche Paratrichoptera-Arten waren, was die Flügeladerung anbelangt, den rezenten Tipulidae ziemlich ähnlich, ganz besonders die Panorpide Permotipula patricia Tillyard aus Ablagerungen des Ober-Perm in Australien (Abb. 4: d). Erst als festgestellt wurde, daß dieses Insekt zwei Flügelpaare hat (Tillyard, 1937), wurde es nicht mehr den echten Tipulidae (Tillyard, 1929), sondern den Panorpiden zugeordnet. Wie auch die heutigen Panorpiden hatten die mesozoischen Arten der Para- trichoptera wahrscheinlich Larven mit vollständig entwickeltem Kopfskelett (eucephal), mit drei Paar gegliederten Thorakalbeinen und mit wenigstens einigen Paaren von Stigmenöffnungen am Hinterleib (peripneustisch). Es gibt genügend Evidenz anzunehmen, daß diese Insekten hygrophil waren und daß sie am Boden in der Nähe von Gewässern unter ziemlich feuchten Umständen umherkrochen (Martynova, 1959). Sie ernährten sich saprophag von verschiedenen schon in Verwesung übergegangenen organischen Bestandteilen und von abgestorbenen Moosblättchen, wenn möglich aber auch von frischem Moos, wie die Larven der heute in Australien vorkommenden Panorpiden-Art Chorista australis Klug (Essig, 1942) und die Larven vieler rezenter Tipuloidea einschließlich Tipulidae. Es ist nicht auszuschließen, daß schon bei den Paratrichoptera im Lar- venstadium die Tendenz zu einer amphibischen Lebensweise bestand. Die Larven krochen nicht mehr am Bodem umher, sondern in einer mehr oder weniger verschlammten dünnen Substanz, was ihre Bewegungen erschwerte und langsamer machte (Rohdendorf, 1964). Im Verlauf der weiteren Evolution der ancestralen Formen der Tipuloidea könnte diese Tendenz — die sich in bestimmten morphologischen Anpassungen manifestierte — die Ursache gewesen sein, daß die Larven der Tipuloidea denen der Bibionidae ähnlich wurden; bei den Bibionidae sind der Kopf noch eucephal und die Stigmenöffnungen noch peripneustisch, gegliederte Thorakalbeine fehlen aber, weil sie beim Leben in einer halbflüssigen Substanz funktionell nicht brauchbar sind. Nach Martynova (1959) haben sich wahrscheinlich aus den Paratrichoptera — nach Verlust der Hinterflügel in der Trias — die ersten primitiven Archidiptera entwickelt, die dem Flügelgeäder nach den Tipuloidea ähnlicher waren als den Paratrichoptera. Kennzeichnend für die Flügel der primitiven Diptera sind der hohe Grad der Versteifung des Flügelvorderrandes, die Differenzierung der Dicke der Hauptstämme der Längsadern, die weitere Reduktion und schließlich die Änderung von cu, in eine cu, entlang laufende Falte (Abb. I: e, f). Von den nur fossil bekannten Archidiptera ist, betreffend die Phylogenie der Tipuloidea, die Familie der Dictyodipteridae aus der Trias von Issyk-Kul in Kazakstan wohl am interessantesten. Rohdendorf (1960, 1964) meint, daß in der Trias in dieser Familie die Grundlage gelegt wird für die echten Zweiflügler (Eodiptera) mit an der Basis verschmälerten und länglichen Flügeln; in den ersten Evolutionsstadien war, was die Flügeladerung anlangt, die Tendenz zur Reduktion der Queradern am Ende des medialen Flügelfeldes kennzeichnend. SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae 95 Die ersten mesozoischen Eodiptera hatten wie die Archidiptera wahrscheinlich noch Larven des Bibioniden-Typs, die in sehr feuchtem, an organischen Stoffen reichem Schlammboden und möglicherweise auch in seichtem Wasser lebten. Rohdendorf (1962, 1964) sieht die überaus primitiven Eodiptera als Ahnformen einerseits der Tipuloidea — diese entwickelten sich weiter, lieferten aber keine auf höherem Evolutionsniveau stehenden Nachkommen — und anderseits der Bibio- nidae, von denen alle höher entwickelten Familien der rezenten Diptera abstammen. Das Entstehen der Tipuloidea aus den primären Eodiptera fand in der Trias statt. Ihre primitivste Familie sind die Architipulidae, von denen Rohdendorf (1964) alle rezenten Tipuloidea ableitet. Die Architipulidae hatten wie alle heu- tigen Tipuloidea die charakteristische Verschiebung von r,,, zu r, in Richtung Flügelspitze und r,, der am Ende nicht mit dem Flügelrand sondern mit r, verbunden war (Hennig, 1954). Überdies zeichneten sich die Architipulidae durch einen ziemlich langen Radius aus und die primitiveren Formen durch überzählige Queradern im medialen Spitzenfeld der Flügel und manchmal auch durch Verzweigung der Adern m, und cu (Abb. |: g, h). Was die Aderung der Flügel betrifft, unterschieden sie sich nur wenig von den rezenten Tipulidae; deshalb war Handlirsch (1908), der diese Familie beschrieben hat, nicht ganz sicher, ob diese Gruppe wohl den Status einer Familie verdiente oder nicht. Weil er nicht wußte, welcher Gruppe der heutigen Tipulidae er sie am besten zuordnen sollte, hat er sie als Familie aufgeführt (Handlirsch, 1925, 1939). Schon in der Ober-Trias waren die Architipulidae von wenigstens drei Familien mit einigen Arten vertreten (Rohdendorf, 1964) und im Unter-Jura — besonders im Lias von Deutschland — mit zehn Familien und ziemlich vielen Arten (Hand- lirsch, 1908, 1939), jedoch mit Ausnahme einiger Arten, die von Bode (1953) beschrieben wurden, weil es zweifelhaft ist, ob diese Arten überhaupt zu dieser Gruppe beziehungsweise zu den Tipulidae gehören. Der bedeutenden systematischen Differenzierung der Architipulidae, die sie noch vor dem Lias in der Ober-Trias erreicht haben, muß zweifellos ein lang- fristiger Entwicklungsprozeß der Urformen dieser Familie vorausgegangen sein. Es ist deshalb sehr wahrscheinlich, daß sich die Architipulidae schon viel früher als eine gute Familie gebildet haben, als sie fossil belegt sind, wahrscheinlich schon irgendwann in der Mittel-Trias. Darauf weist die hohe Spezialisation des Flügelgeäders der Architipulidae hin (z.B. das Verschmelzen von m, und m, bei einigen Formen); ihrem Flügelgeäder nach stehen manche Architipulidae sogar höher als manche rezenten Tipulidae (Hennig, 1954). Beim Entstehen der direkten Ahnen der rezenten Tipuloidea aus den Urformen der Eodiptera, das mit den Anpassungen ihrer Larven an eine amphibische Lebensweise Hand in Hand ging (Giljarow, 1949), muß die Morphologie der Larven, besonders ihrer Atmungsorgane, wesentlich verändert worden sein. Aus den ursprünglichen peripneustischen Formen sind wahrscheinlich amphi- pneustische entstanden, die am Vorder- und Hinterende des Leibes ein Paar Stigmenöffnungen hatten, und von diesen wieder metapneustische Formen mit Stigmenöffnungen nur am Hinterende des Abdomens, was für alle rezenten 96 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 Tipuloidea mit Ausnahme von einigen Limoniidae (Antocha) kennzeichnend ist. Bei diesen ging die Anpassung an das Wasserleben noch weiter, indem apneus- tische Larven mit völlig isoliertem Tracheensystem ohne Stigmenöffnungen entstanden. Daß die Larven der Stammformen der Tipuloidea amphipneustisch waren, zeigt sich aus vergleichend anatomischen Untersuchungen (Slipka, 1952). Wie man weiß, steht bei den Insekten mit jedem Paar funktioneller Stigmenöffnungen einer Queranastomose in Verbindung, die in der Körperhöhle die zwei Hauptstämme des Trachealsystems miteinander verbindet. Gleichzeitig mit der Reduktion der Stigmenöffnungen verschwinden auch die Queranastomosen. Bei den meta- pneustischen Larven der Tipuloidea bleibt nur die Queranastomose im analen Abdominalsegment erhalten, wo sich auch noch funktionelle Stigmenöffnungen befinden. Bei den Larven von Tipula maxima Poda, die zu den primitiveren Formen der Tipulidae gehört, wurde aber noch ein zweite Queranastomose festgestellt; diese Anastomose befindet sich im vordersten Teil des Leibes, gleich hinter der Basis des Kopfes, d.h. gerade an der Stelle, an der sich bei den primitiven Formen — soferne sie amphipneustisch waren — das vorderste Paar der Stigmenöffnungen befunden haben sollte. Als Nachkommen der peri- und amphipneustischen Landformen sollen die metapneustischen Larven aller primitiven Tipuloidea als sekundäre Wasser- organismen angesehen werden. Es gibt keinen Zweifel an ihrem sekundärem Wasserleben, weil sie ein gut entwickeltes Trachealsystem haben, das an das Atmen von atmosphärischer Luft angepaßt ist (Gilgarow, 1949). Die Tatsache, daß die Tipuloidea als sekundäre Wasserorganismen als ein gesondertes Taxon von höherem Rang gerade in der Trias entstanden sind, ist ganz verständlich. Die Trias war eine der meist geokraten Perioden der Erdgeschichte; in dieser Zeit fand die Regression des Meeres statt und in Zusammenhang damit eine weitgehende Aridisation des Klimas am Festland, das in dieser Zeit den größten Teil der Erdkugel bedeckte (Sinitzyn, 1962). Durch den starken Rückgang einerseits der Luftfeuchtigkeit anderseits des Grundwasserspiegels müssen für das Leben der ancestralen Formen der Tipuloidea, die in allen ihren Entwicklungsstadien sehr hygrophil sind, äußerst ungünstige Umstände entstanden sein. Gegen diese widrigen Umstände muß es für die Vorfahren der Tipuloidea schon in der Unter-Trias Alternativen gegeben haben: entweder sich an aride Umstände anpassen, zeitweise in kleinen Überlebenszonen verbleiben, die noch feucht genug sind, oder aussterben. Die Evolution der Ahnen der Tipuloidea aus der Trias lief wahrscheinlich in Richtung einer Änderung und Anpassung des Organismus an die veränderten Umstände, wobei sie kleine Überlebenszonen, in denen die ökologische Situation am wenigsten verändert war, benützten. Die ursprüngliche Richtung einer solchen Anpassung war bei den Para- trichoptera aus der Trias sicher die Tendenz zur Entwicklung der Zweiflügeligkeit, was zum Entstehen der zweiflügeligen Insekten führte. Nach Rohdendorf (1964) hat die Zweiflügeligkeit die Möglichkeiten zum Fliegen bedeutend vergrößert und dadurch die Überlebenschancen der spezialisierten Paratrichoptera und der SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae 97 archaischen Zweiflügeligen vergrößert; die Zweiflügeligkeit hat die Emigration von trockeneren zu feuchteren Biotopen und das Suchen nach den feuchtesten Zonen — günstig für Eiablage und Entwicklung der praeimaginalen Stadien dieser hygrophilen Organismen — auf den großen Flächen erleichtert. Eine andere Erscheinung dieses Anpassungsprozesses, die sich wahrscheinlich gleichzeitig vollzog, war die Tatsache, daß die Larven der Ahnen der Tipuloidea die Bodenschichten wechselten, ein Prozess, der auch heute in unserer rezenten Fauna bei Schwankung von Feuchtigkeit zu bemerken ist (Gilgarow, 1951). Die Larven der ersten Zweiflügeligen und vielleicht auch ihrer direkten panorpiden Ahnen sind vom Leben auf der Bodenoberfläche zum Leben innerhalb feuchter Moorböden übergegangen und das ist so geblieben bis zur Trennung der ur- sprüngliche Eodiptera in die Untergruppen der Tipuloidea und der Bibionidea und bei den Bibionidea bis in unsere Zeiten. Im ersten Stadium der Evolution der Tipuloidea hatten die Larven dieser Untergruppen sich wahrscheinlich als besserer Form zum Benützen guter Über- lebenszonen erst dem Leben und der Entwicklung in mit Wasser gesättigten Moorböden angepaßt und erst später eine Lebensweise direkt an den Ufern von seichtem Wasser angenommen; in Zusammenhang damit bildete sich die Untergruppe der Tipuloidea mit den für sie charakteristischen Larven, die die sekundäre Eigenschaft entwickelten, im Wasser zu leben, aber den Sauerstoff aus der Luft zu atmen. Es ist interessant, daß der Übergang vom Leben auf dem Lande zum Leben im Wasser zusammen mit dem Entstehen von bestimmten hygromorphen Anpas- sungen als Art des Überlebens bei ungünstigen ariden Umständen auch bei manchen Wirbeltieren festgestellt wurde. Die Labyrinthodonten aus der Trias wurden bei Mangel an Feuchtigkeit gezwungen das Land zu verlassen und ins Wasser zurückzukehren, es erfolgte die Umänderung ihrer Gliedmaßen in Flossen (Sinitzyn, 1962). Die Bildung der Tipuloidea in der Trias kann als ein interessantes Beispiel dafür dienen, wie — bei wesentlicher und dauerhaften Umänderung der Umwelt über große Flächen der Erde, wobei der Widerspruch zwischen den Anforderungen der Tiere an ihre Umwelt und den dort gegebenen Möglichkeiten verschärft wird — eine tiefgreifende Verzerrung und Umbildung der genetischen Basis verursacht wurde, und in der Folge davon im Evolutionsprozess der Tierwelt das Entstehen von Taxen höheren Ranges und von qualitativen Umänderungen in der Fauna des Festlandes stattfand. Die PHYLOGENIE DER TIPULIDAE Es gibt keinen Zweifel, daß die Tipulidae wie alle anderen rezenten Tipuloidea von den mesozoischen Architipulidae abstammen (Rohdendorf, 1964). Es bleibt aber eine offene Frage, ob es eine direkte phylogenetische Relation gibt zwischen den Tipulidae und Architipulidae, oder ob sich aus letztgenannter Gruppe erst eine neue uns noch unbekannte Gruppe entwickelt hat und später aus dieser die der Tipulidae. Die primitivsten Familien der heutigen Tipuloidea sind die Familien Tany- 98 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 deridae, Trichoceridae und Ptychopteridae, Edwards (1926) meint, die Trichoceridae haben ziemlich viele Übereinstimmungen mit eventuellen ancestralen Formen der Tipulidae. Diese drei Familien sind aber morphologisch sehr isoliert von den Tipulidae und nach Rohdendorf (1964) schon viel früher aus den Architipulidae entstanden als die Tipulidae (Abb. 2). Deshalb ist die Meinung, daß sie vielleicht die direkten Ahnen der Tipulidae sind, unbegründet. Die Limoniidae und die Cylindrotomidae sind näher miteinder verwandt; beide werden manchmal zu derselben Gruppe, den Polyneura gerechnet. Von diesen beiden Familien sind nach Lameere (1906) die Limoniidae die primitivere. Nach dem Flügelgeäder stehen sie jedenfalls den ältesten Zweiflügeligen näher als die Tipulidae. Fast alle Limoniidae haben z.B. die Ader sc,, die bei den Cylin- drotomidae eine Tendenz zur Reduktion sehen läßt und bei den Tipulidae meistens gar nicht vorhanden ist. Bei einigen primitiven Gruppen der Limoniidae hat r, die Form einer langgestreckten Ader, und die primären Verzweigungen von Abb. 2: Schema der phylogenetischen Beziehungen zwischen den Familien der Tipuloidea und ihren direkte Ahnen. Geochronologische Perioden: T - Trias; J - Jura; K - Kreide; P - Palaeogen; N - Neo- gen. Familien: Td - Tipulodictyidae; A - Architipulidae; Tr - Trichoceridae; C - Cylindrotomidae; L - Limoniidae; T - Tipulidae; Ta - Tanyderidae; P - Ptychopteridae. (Nach Rohdendorf). SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae 99 rs in r,,, und von dieser in r, und r, und auch die Verzweigung von r,,; in r, und r,, die für die Flügel der Tanyderidae kennzeichnend, aber bei allen rezenten Tipuloidea und insbesondere bei den Tipulidae nicht vorhanden ist, sind erhalten geblieben. Manche Limoniidae (z.B. die Pediciinae) haben als Larven noch eine normal entwickelte Kopfkapsel, die bei den Tipulidae immer primäre Reduktionsmerkmale zeigt. Wahrscheinlich auf Grund dieser Tatsachen sieht Alexander (1920) die Tipu- lidae und auch die Cylindrotomidae als Seitenast an, der sich nicht direkt von den archaischen Tipuloidea abspaltet, sondern irgendwo an der Basis des genealogischen Stammes der Limoniidae. Hennig (1954) stellt die Hypothese auf, daß die Tipulidae mit bestimmten Gruppen der Limoniidae verwandt sind, eine Verwandschaft, die wahrscheinlich viel näher ist, als man heute allgemein annimmt. Die Verwandtschaft zwischen Tipulidae und Limoniidae zeigt sich aus zahl- reichen vergleichend morphologischen Tatsachen. Es ist z.B. allgemein bekannt, daß die primitiven Dolichopezinae nach ihrem Bau den Limoniiden ähnlich sind. Nach Byers (1961) haben die Eilarven des primitiven Genus Oropeza fast denselben Bau des analen Segmentes wie die Larven der Limoniiden-Gattungen Limnophila und Pseudolimnophila. Bei den Larven der Tipulidae aus den tropischen Gattungen Brachypremna und Megistocera sind die Scheiden der Maxillarpalpen nicht hakenformig gekrummt wie bei fast allen Arten der anderen Gattungen dieser Familie, sondern gerade wie bei den Limoniidae. Diese und zahlreiche andere Tatsachen zeugen aber nicht so sehr fur die Abstammung der Tipulidae von den Limoniidae, als vielmehr fur gemeinsame Ahnen. Die wesentlichen Unterschiede zwischen Tipulidae und Limoniidae sind sicher nicht kleiner und auch nicht größer als ihre gemeinsamen Merkmale, wobei gerade die Unterscheidungsmerkmale für die Phylogenie wichtiger sind als die Übereinstimmungen. Die Entwicklung dieser beiden Familien ist ganz verschieden. Die Tipulidae sind durch Anpassung nur Hygro-, Helo-, Geo- und Xylobionten geworden, während die Limoniidae, für die ein breiter ökologischer Bereich typisch ist, fast alle Möglichkeiten benützen, die die Umwelt ihnen bietet. Außer den obengenannten ökologischen Typen, die sie mit den Tipulidae gemeinsam haben, sind bei den Limoniidae auch die höchsten Formen ökologischer Spezialisation bekannt, wie Entwicklung in den höheren Formen der Pilze (Lindner, 1958a), ın Blättern von lebenden Pflanzen (Swezy, 1915), im Boden mit Salzgehalt bis 16%o (Slipka, 1959) und sogar im offenen Meer (Tokunaga, 1940). Als Resultat dieser breiten adaptiven Radiation ist wahrscheinlich einerseits die größere morphologische Verschiedenheit, anderseits die größere Artenzahl der Limoniidae in unserer heutigen Fauna, verglichen mit der Artenzahl der Tipulidae, zu deuten. Im Gegensatz zu den Eiern der Tipulidae, die — von einigen Ausnahmen ab- gesehen — lackschwarz sind, mit strukturlosem Chorion und manchmal mit fadenförmigen Anhang, was bei keiner der anderen Familien der Tipuloidea vorkommt, sind die Eier bei den Limoniidae (Lindner, 1958) und auch bei den 100 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 Cylindrotomidae (Peus, 1952) fast immer hell gefarbt, halbdurchsichtig und haben oft ein netzförmiges Chorion, ererbt von den Panorpiden (Stitz, 1926). Das anale Segment der Tipulidenlarven hat fast immer sechs fleischige Rand- lappen um das Stigmenfeld, bei den Limoniidae sind es nicht mehr als funf. Phylogenetisch ist dies besonders wichtig, weil es darauf hinweist, daß im Larvenstadium, was die Struktur des Analsegmentes betrifft, die Tipulidae näher I I 1 PRU Puree Ee e . Abb. 3: Aedeagus von der Seite: a, b Limoniidae; c, d Cylindrotomidae (nach Peus); e Tipula paludosa Meigen. SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae 101 dem Bibioniden-Typ stehen als den Limoniidae. Die Larven der Bibionidae haben im Analsegment ebenfalls sechs fleischige Fortsätze, die pleuralen nicht mitgerechnet (Theowald, 1957), und die Reduktion von sechs auf funf ist zweifellos sekundär, was die direkte Abstammung der Tipulidae von den Limoniidae wenig wahrscheinlich macht. Nach Edwards (1938) sind die mannlichen Imagines der Tipulidae, was den Bau der inneren Geschlechtsorgane betrifft, sowohl von den Limoniidae als auch von den Cylindrotomidae verschieden; meistens wird dieser Tatsache nur wenig Auf- merksamkeit geschenkt, obwohl der Bau des Hypopygs von großer Wichtigkeit ist zur Feststellung von Verwandtschaften innerhalb die Familie Tipulidae. Bei den Tipulidae, Prionocera Loew ausgenommen, hat die Samenblase keine feste Verbindung mit dem Adminiculum und der fadenförmig gebogene Penis ist besonders lang und wächst von der Samenblase nach vorne (Abb. 3: e). Die Limoniidae und Cylindrotomidae aber haben eine feste Verbindung zwischen Samenblase und Adminiculum und einen verhältnismäßig kurzen Penis, der von der Samenblase nach hinten ragt (Abb. 3: a-d). Die Verbindung zwischen Samenblase und Adminiculum wird durch Parameren, die an den Apodema der Samenblase befestigt sind, bewerkstelligt, und nicht durch eine direkte Verbindung der Äste des Adminiculums an den Seiten der Samenblase wie in der Gattung Prionocera (Tjeder, 1948). Nach interessanten Beobachtungen von White (1949) gibt es einen großen Un- terschied zwischen Tipulidae und Limoniidae, was die Cytologie betrifft. Obwohl es keinen Zweifel gibt über den monophyletischen Ursprung der Tipuloidea, nehmen unter ihnen cytologisch die Limoniidae eine ganz eigene Stellung ein. Sie haben mehr gemeinsam mit den Culicidae und Psychodidae, während die anderen Tipuloidea — nach White — näher den neuropteroiden Ahnen der Zweiflügeligen stehen. Es gibt deshalb nur wenige Tatsachen, auf Grund derer wir die Tipulidae als einen jüngeren und höher: spezialisierten Ast der Limoniidae ansehen können; wohl aber müssen wir mit Hennig (1950) erkennen, daß die Tipulidae und die Limoniidae wahrscheinlich zwei Schwestergruppen sind, die einander an der Basis begegnen, d.h. an der Stelle, an der die Verzweigung ihres ancestralen gemein- schaftlichen genealogischen Stamms stattfand. Im phylogenetischen Schema der Tipulidae (Abb. 2) läßt Rohdendorf (1964) die Tipulidae unabhängig von den Limoniidae und den Cylindrotomidae von den Architipulidae entstehen, obwohl die Ursprünge dieser drei Familien sich nah zusammen auf dem gemeinsamen Stamm befinden. Die meisten Architipulidae aus der Ober-Trias und dem Jura haben sc am Ende nicht mit r, verbunden, sondern via sc, mit dem Flügelvorderrand; sc, war bei ihnen vermutlich gar nicht vorhanden, was für die Limoniidae charakteristisch ist, und zwar im Gegensatz zu den Tipulidae, die sc, immer haben aber nur selten überdies sc,. Deshalb sind als Ahnen der Tipulidae nur einzelne Arten der Gattung Architipula Handlirsch möglich (z.B. A. clara Handlirsch aus dem Lias), die eine zweiästige sc hatten. Aber auch diese Arten underscheiden sich von den heutigen Tipulidae durch ein ziemlich spezialisiertes Flügelgeäder. Bei ihnen war z.B. die 102 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 Zelle M, schon gestielt, während von den rezenten Tipulidae die Gattungen Nephrotoma und Nigrotipula die primitivere ungestielte M,, begrenzt durch m, und m, bewahrt haben. Wahrscheinlich gibt es aber unter die Architipulidae auch noch andere nicht aufgefundene Formen, aus denen sich die Tipulidae entwickelt haben können. Es gibt leider kein palaeontologisches Material, auf Grund dessen das geo- logische Alter der Tipulidae festgestellt werden kann. Die ältesten fossilen Arten dieser Familie wurden in Europa entdeckt, im Übergang von Eozän und Oligozän (Alexander, 1931; Theobald, 1937), aber schon in größerer Anzahl und ziemlich heterogen, was ihre Merkmale und systematische Stellung betrifft. In dieser Zeit war die Familie schon differenziert in Subfamilien und Gattungen, unter denen auch heutige vorhanden sind (z.B. Tipula von den palaearktischen und Megistocera und Brachypremna von den tropischen Gattungen). Aus dem ziemlich langsamen Evolutionstempo der systematischen Gruppen von höherem Rang und auch aus der Tatsache, daß sogar die Mehrzahl der heutigen Insektengattungen aus dem Palaeozän herstammen (Handlirsch, 1913, 1939) kann geschlossen werden, daß die Tipulidae aus dem Palaeozän das Resultat einer ziemlich langen historischen Entwicklung dieser Familie sind, die nicht nur den Anfang des Tertiär umfaßte, sondern auch einen beträchtlichen Teil des Mesozoikum. Auf mesozoisches Alter der Tipulidae weisen auch zoogeographische Tatsachen hin, insbesondere die fast universelle Verbreitung der Familie über die Welt und die Anwesenheit mancher ihrer Gattungen (z.B. Dolichopeza) in Australien, das zu Anfang des Känozoikums die Verbindung mit den anderen Kontinenten verlor. Das Nichtauffinden von Tipulidae in palaeontologischem Material aus Jura und Kreide stellt ihr mesozoisches Alter nicht in Frage, weil die fossile Dipteren-Fauna aus dem späten Mesozoikum noch kaum studiert worden ist. Nach dem phylogenetischen System von Rohdendorf haben sich die Tipulidae nicht später als im Mittel-Jura (Dogger), vielleicht schon im Unter-Jura (Ober- Lias), entwickelt. Letzteres ist am wahrscheinlichsten. Wenn das stimmt, dann sind die Tipulidae schon wenigsten 160— 170 Millionen Jahre alt. Das Mittel-Jura mit humidem, ziemlich feuchtem undifferenziertem Klima und homogener Flora (Sinitzyn, 1962) war sehr geeignet für die Entwicklung und Verbreitung der archaischen Tipuliden über die Welt. Die archaischen Tipulidae, dendrophile und ziemlich hygrophile Insekten, haben damals wahrscheinlich die feuchten subtropischen und tropischen Wälder bevölkert; als Larven lebten sie wie ihre Ahnen der Familie Architipulidae an den Ufern von seichtem Wasser oder in amphibischen Umständen. Die sekundär bodenbewohnenden Arten, die in unserer heutigen Fauna den Großteil des Artenbestandes ausmachen (in Ukraine z.B. 74%), waren damals wahrscheinlich noch gar nicht vorhanden. Unter Berück- sichtigung der palaeontologischen Funde aus dem Jura von Kara-Tau, in welcher Fauna die Nematocera 87% aller entdeckten zweiflügeligen Insekten sind, und unter denen die Tipuloidea eine der individuenreichsten Gruppen waren (Rohdendorf, 1947), kann man annehmen, daß die Tipulidae im Jura eine bedeutende Entwicklung erreicht haben. Der Prozess des sekundären Übergangs der Tipulidae von hydro- und amphi- SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae 103 bionter zu geobionter Lebensweise hat wahrscheinlich nicht vor Ende des Ober- Jura angefangen, als die humide Phase in der Erdgeschichte sich wieder in eine aride änderte; dieser Prozess dauerte während der ganzen Unter-Kreide, als auf der Erde eine aride Geokratie herrschte, die aber nicht so extrem war wie in der Mittel-Trias. Es ist nicht unwahrscheinlich, daß gerade in der Kreide sich die wichtigsten der heutigen Formen der Tipulidae mit ihren sekundär amphibionten und geobionten Larven entwickelten. Die Änderung des ökologischen Milieus der Larven und im Zusammenhang damit ihre morphologischen Anpassungen — verursacht durch Ausbreitung des Festlandes und eine übereinstimmende Ausbreitung des Land- klimas — fand nach Giljarow (1949) als Gefolge des Austrocknens der kleinen Wasserflächen und der seichten Stellen an den Ufern größerer Seen statt, wo sich vorher die archaischen Tipulidae entwickelten. Beim Übergang der Larven der Tipulidae, die bis heute das metapneustische Atmungssystem beibehalten haben, zum Bodenleben fand einerseits eine Reduktion des Haarsaums am Rande des Stigmenfeldes und damit parallel eine Reduktion der Analkiemen statt, anderseits eine Entwicklung zur Anpassung an das Bewegen in mehr oder weniger festem Substrat durch Bildung zum Teil sklerotisierter, größenmäßig differenzierter Randlappen um das Stigmenfeld. Es soll bemerkt werden, daß der Übergang der Tipulidae zum Leben im Boden im Larvenstadium über eine amphibische Umwelt nicht der einzige Weg war, sondern nur einer von vielen in der Evolution zur terrestrischen Lebensweise im Mesozoikum. Einen anderen Weg, der wahrscheinlich auch bedeutungsvoll für die archaischen Tipulidae war, kann man sich so vorstellen: erst im gesättigten Moos im Wasser, dann zum Teil in etwas trockenerem Moos und zum Teil im Wasser, dann im Moos auf dem Lande, und schließlich im Boden. Die große Bedeutung der Moose einerseits in der Evolution der Landflora und anderseits in der Ver- breitung vieler Wassertiere ist bekannt. Ein interessantes Beispiel dieser Evolutionsfolge geben die heutigen Arten der Untergattung Savtshenkia, in der alle Übergangsformen zu finden sind. Die Larven von Tipula rufina Meigen (Theowald, 1957) z.B. können direkt im Wasser leben, die Larven von T. simulans Savtshenko und 7. cheethami Edwards leben in mit Wasser gesättigtem, untergetauchtem Moos, aber sie sind auch imstande, sich in sehr feuchten Landmoosen zu entwickeln. Die meisten Savtshenkia-Arten werden in mehr oder weniger feuchten Landmoosen gefunden, aber einige von ihnen, wie alpium Bergroth und benesignata Mannheims & Theowald können sich auch in ziemlich trockenem Moos entwickeln (Theowald, 1957; Savtshenko, 1963). Schließlich bevorzugen manche der hôchstspezialisierten Arten wie odontostyla Savtshenko trockene Moose und leben auch unter Moos im Boden. Auch darin ist eine Tendenz zu sehen zum Übergang zu einer geobionten Lebensweise (Savtshenko, 1964a). Gleichzeitig mit dem Entstehen der terrestrischen Larven haben sich als zweite Möglichkeit zur Lösung der Gegensätze zwischen Hygrophilie der Familie und Aridisation der Umwelt in der Unter-Kreide die xylobionten Familiengruppen entwickelt, die in faulendem Holz leben. Auf den ersten Blick scheint es nahe- liegend, daß die xylobionten Arten sich aus den terrestrischen entwickelt haben, 104 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 weil es keinen prinzipiellen Unterschied gibt zwischen den letzteren und den xylobionten, was ihre trophischen Bindungen betrifft (Brauns, 1953). Das Vorhandensein eines rudimentaren Haarsaums um das Stigmenfeld bei den Larven der ziemlich archaischen xylobionten Ctenophora-Arten aber weist darauf hin, daß ihre Ahnen nicht im Boden gelebt haben, sondern amphibisch waren oder sogar im Wasser lebten. Es ist möglich, daß die Geokratie der Unteren Kreide infolge des schnellen Austrocknens von kleinen Wasserflächen — in denen sich die Larven der archaischen Tipulidae entwickelten — diese zum Teil zwang, sich nicht nur an neue Lebensumstände im Boden anzupassen, sondern auch nach anderen lokalen Überlebenszonen zu suchen, wie Mikro-Wasserbehältern, die in den Höhlen von Bäumen in tropischen und subtropischen Wäldern entstanden (Rohnert, 1950). Es ist bekannt, daß sich in solchen Behältern eine interessante Fauna entwickelt, zu der auch Tipulidae gehören. Anfangs suchten die archaischen hydrobionten Tipulidae Versteck gegen Hitze und Feuchtigkeitsmangel, versteckten sich in Baumhöhlen und fingen dort mit dem Ablegen der Eier in Wasserbehälter an, in denen sich dann die normale postembryonale Entwicklung vollzog. Mit Zunahme der Aridisation der Umgebung trockneten die Behälter in den trockenen Perioden wahrscheinlich schnell aus, wodurch die Larven der Tipulidae trocken lagen, bevor sie sich verpuppten. Die Jüngeren von ihnen starben, die Entwicklung der Älteren jedoch ging weiter, weil die Reste der Pflanzen, die in den Baumhöhlen waren, noch einige Zeit feucht blieben. So wurden die hydrobionten Formen allmählich saproxylobiont, wobei sich dieser Prozess in ökologischer Hinsicht kaum vom Evolutionsprozess der terrestrischen Formen dieser Familie unterschied. Die Bildung mancher geo- und saproxylobionter Gruppen dieser Familie in der Kreide-Zeit ist gesichert durch systematische und zoogeographische Evidenz, insbesondere durch das Vorkommen der gleichen Formen einerseits in jenen systematischen Gruppen von Tipulidae, deren Verbreitung auf mesozoisches Alter deutet (Dolichopeza und einige orientalische Ctenophorinae), anderseits bei den Tipulidae von Südostasien, wo sich die Fauna im Mesozoikum kaum änderte. Die Blütezeit der Tipulidae war in der ersten Hälfte des Tertiär, als in der Landfauna die Nematocera allmählich von den Brachycera ersetzt wurden. Im Ober-Eozän wie auch im Oligozän von Europa gab es ziemlich viele Arten, die hauptsächlich zu rezenten Gattungen gehörten (Alexander, 1931; Theobald, 1937). Außer den ausgestorbenen Gruppen der Gattung Tipula (Electrotipula und andere) waren im Paläogen wahrscheinlich auch schon Untergattungen da, die heute zur Fauna von Südostasiens zählen (Savtshenko, 1961). Im Paläogen hat die Familie der Tipulidae ihre primär hygrophilen Merkmale beibehalten. Am Ende des Paläogens, im Ober-Oligozän von Zentraleuropa zum Beispiel, waren die Biotope, in denen die meisten Tipuliden lebten, die Gegenden mit feuchten moorartigen Wäldern oder Sträuchern (Statz, 1943— 1944). Wichtige Änderungen, was die weitere ökologische Spezialisation anlangt, gab es im Neogen, insbesondere am Ende des Miozäns und im Pliozän, als in den gemäßigten Breiten von Eurasien Abkühlung und insbesondere Aridisation des Klimas (Ekman, 1935; Wulf, 1944) Hauptfaktoren der Evolution waren. Seit der SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae 105 zweiten Hälfte des Neogen entwickelten sich die Anpassungen der Tipulidae, wie die aller Tipuloidea (Peus, 1952), beim Übergang von feuchten zu trockenen Lebensumständen und anschließend daran ihre ökologische Spezialisation der- gestalt, daß sie allmählich unabhängig von der Feuchtigkeit ihrer Umwelt wurden. Resultat davon war einerseits eine erhebliche Verarmung der Familie — ihr Anteil an der heutigen Fauna z.B. ist nur etwa 3.9% (etwa 3200 Arten) der Gesamtanzahl der heute bekannte Diptera (81.000 Arten) — anderseits entstand in der Familie eine Reihe spezialisierter Gruppen von meso- und xerophilem Typus auf Kosten der hygrophilen, helobionten und geobionten Gruppen. Wie zoogeograpische Tatsachen zeigen, haben sich fast alle mehr oder weniger trockenheitsliebenden systematischen Gruppen der Tipulidae, zu denen zum Beispiel die Untergattungen Pterelachisus, Oreomyza, Vestiplex, Lunatipula und Odonatisca der Gattung Tipula gehören, gerade während des Neogen zu eigenen Taxa entwickelt, und manche von ihnen, wie Lunatipula, erreichten ihren größte Blütezeit erst am Ende des Tertiär oder vielleicht noch später, als nicht nur alle rezenten Untergattungen, sondern auch schon eine Reihe von rezenten Arten der Tipulidae vorkamen (Savtshenko, 1961, 1964). Es ist interessant, daß während des Tertiär und des Quartär, die zusammen mehr als 150 Millionen Jahren währten, die Tipulidae sich verhältnismäßig wenig differenzierten und morphologisch veränderten, ausgenommen eine Anzahl unbe- deutender Merkmale, die in Imago oder Larve als Anpassungen an das Leben in mehr oder weniger ariden Umständen entstanden. Dies deutet auf großen Konservativismus, auf langsames Tempo und auf Einseitigkeit der Evolution der Tipulidae hin, wahrscheinlich allgemeine Merkmale für die Mehrzahl von archaischen und geologisch älteren Gruppen von Organismen. Es gibt aber auch Grund zur Vermutung, daß die Tipulidae, wie alle Tipuloidea (Rohdendorf, 1947) eine Restgruppe der Diptera sind, die sich mit Ausnahme von stark spezialisierten Gattungen und Untergattungen heute in einem Zustand von Regression und allmählichem Aussterben befinden. Darauf weist auch das Vorkommen einer verhältnismäßig großen Anzahl von systematisch stark isolierten kleine Gattungen mit sehr beschränktem Verbreitungsgebiet innerhald der Familie Tipulidae — in gemäßigten wie in tropischen Zonen unserer Erdkugel — hin. Es verdient Beachtung, daß die höchstspezialisierten xerophilen Untergattungen, die sich am besten an die heutigen Lebensumstände angepaßt haben, heute die systematisch meist differenzierten und artenreichsten Gruppen sind (Vestiplex, Lunatipula). Das Beispiel der Tipulidae deutet darauf hin daß die Regel von Roz über progressive Reduktion der Veranderlichkeit, nach der das Evolutionspotential der Organismen mit dem Niveau ihrer Spezialisation nicht wächst, sondern absinkt, nicht in allen Fällen stimmt. INFRAFAMILIÄRE PHYLOGENETISCHE BEZIEHUNGEN Die Verhältnisse innerhalb der Familie Tipulidae sind noch nicht klar. Edwards (1926) — betreffend die Phylogenie der Nematocera — glaubt, daß die hydro- bionten Nematocera sich aus den geo- und xylobionten entwickelt haben. Diese Ansicht wird von ihm gestützt auf die Tatsache, daß die verhältnismäßig wenigen 106 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 Gruppen von hydrobionten Formen unter den Nematocera meistens Merkmale hoher Spezialisation zeigen, während die weniger spezialisierten Formen sich in humusreichem Boden oder in faulendem Holz entwickeln. Diese betreffend die Nematocera von Edwards unterstützte Annahme kann nicht als Ausgangspunkt dienen zur Analyse der phylogenetischen Verhältnisse der Tipulidae, weil sie mit vergleichend morphologischer Evidenz und auch mit der Entwicklungsgeschichte der Familie im Widerspruch steht. Die Tatsache, daß alle Tipulidae ohne Ausnahme, ungeachtet ihrer Ökologischen Spezialisation, im Larvenstadium metapneustisch sind und außerdem die bei ihnen herrschende Tendenz in der Evolution von humiden zu ariden Lebensumständen deuten darauf hin, daß zu den weniger-spezialisierten und deshalb zu den Urformen in der Fa- milie nicht die geo- und xylobionten sondern die hydro- und helobionten gehören. Dies schließt nicht aus, daß manche heutige hydro- und helobionte Gruppen dieser Familie nicht nur wenigspezialisierte sondern auch hochspezialisierte Merkmale haben, und daß im Gegensatz dazu die geo- und xylobionten Formen auch wenigspezialisierte Merkmale zeigen können. Das kommt, weil die Evolution bei den verschiedenen Gruppen in dieser Familie sich erstens ungleichmäßig und in ungleichem Tempo vollzog und zweitens nicht geradlinig sondern nach dem Typ der dichotomen Verzweigung der Taxa. Auf Grund eines Vergleichs der Gruppen der Tipulidae untereinander und auch auf Grund von Vergleichen mit ihren panorpiden- und bibioniden-ähnlichen Ah- nen können nachfolgende plesiomorphen und apomorphen Merkmale aufgestellt werden. Die Terminologie plesiomorph und apomorph wird benutzt nach den Auffassungen von Hennig (1950). Merkmale Plesiomorph Apomorph Ei Länglich Kurz, manchmal kugel- oder lin- senförmig Netzartiges Chorion Strukturloses Chorion Kein Eifilament Eifilament vorhanden Larve Dorsal mit dunklen Streifen oder Dorsal einfarbig. Flecken. Fingerförmige, undifferenzierte Länglich konische, differen- und beiderseits nur schwach zierte und mehr oder weniger sklerotisierte dorsale und late- sklerotisierte (manchmal zu rale Randlappen um das Stig- Stacheln modifizierte) dorsale menfeld. und laterale Randlappen um das Stigmenfeld. Ein Haarsaum am Rande des Kein Haarsaum am Rande des Stigmenfeldes. Stigmenfeldes. Analkiemen vorhanden. Keine Analkiemen. SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae 107 (Plesiomorph) Deutliche Ausstülpungen um die Analöffnung. Zweites und drittes Makrochaet links und rechts am Hinterrand der abdominalen Tergite nah zusammen. Ziemlich viele kleine Dörnchen an den Hinterrändern der letzten abdominalen Sternite. Ozellen rudimentär. Geißel der Antennen mit zylin- derförmigen Gliedern oder gesägt. Flügelfläche mit Mikrotrichien. Ader sc, und/oder überzählige Querader anwesend. Flügel quergestreift oder ge- fleckt. Zelle M, ungestielt. Lange dünne fadenförmige Beine. Beim Männchen sind 9. Tergit und 9. Sternit deutlich getrennt. Deutlich differenzierter Basi- stylus. Id einfach gebaut. 8. Sternit beim Männchen undifferenziert. Langgestreckter sklerotisierter Ovipositor mit deutlich ent- wickelten Hypovalven. 9. Tergit beim Weibchen normal entwickelt. (Merkmale) Puppe Imago (Apomorph) Kaum oder keine Ausstülpungen um die Analöffnung. Zweites und drittes Makrochaet links und rechts am Hinterrand der abdominalen Tergite weit auseinander. Eine konstante Zahl von größeren Dornen an den Hinter- rändern der abdominalen Sternite. Ozellen fehlen. GeiBelglieder an der Basis verdickt oder kammförmig ver- zweigt. Flügelfläche nackt. Keine Ader sc, und keine überzählige Querader. Flügel einfarbig. Zelle M, gestielt oder die Adern m, und m, verschmolzen. Beine kürzer und dicker. Beim Männchen sind 9. Tergit und 9. Sternit ohne Naht ringförmig miteinander ver- schmolzen. Basistylus undeutlich oder re- duziert. Id kompliziert gebaut. 8. Sternit beim Männchen kom- pliziert gebaut mit Anhängen oder Ausstülpungen. Verkürzter fleischiger Ovipositor mit reduzierten Hypovalven. Weibchen 9. Tergit beim reduziert. 108 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 (Plesiomorph) (Apomorph) Biologie Hydro- und hygrophile Arten. Meso- und xerophile Arten. Die Eier werden einzeln oder in Viele Eier werden zusammen in Klumpen abgelegt. tieferen Bodenschichten abge- setzt. Die Larven entwickeln sich im Die Larven entwickeln sich in Wasser oder in mit Wasser trockenerem Boden oder in gesättigtem Boden (Moorgebie- faulendem Holz. te, feuchtes Moos). Die Larven ernähren sich von Die Larven ernähren sich von faulenden organischen Stoffen lebenden höheren Pflanzen. oder von Moos. Der Entwicklungszyklus ist bi- Der Entwickiungszyklus ist mo- voltin oder polyvoltin. novoltin. Entwicklung ohne Diapause. Entwicklung mit Diapause. Bemerkung: In Anbetracht der Tatsache, daß bei den Larven der Bibionidae die dorsalen und lateralen Randlappen um das Stigmenfeld auch länglich-konisch sind, glaubt Theowald (1957), daß diese Form bei den Tipulidae die primitivste darstellt. Ich bin damit nicht einverstanden, weil die Form dieser Randlappen bei den primären Bodenlarven der Bibionidae und den sekundären Bodenlarven der Tipulidae nicht homolog sondern analog entstanden ist. Sie sind konvergent entstanden als Anpassung an gleichartige Lebensumstände in einem dichten Substrat. Die meisten plesiomorphen Merkmale haben die Dolichopezinae, zu denen in unserer Fauna die Gattung Dolichopeza gehört. In dieser Tribus findet bei den Arten der Gattung Megistocera Wiedemann (tropisch) die ganze praeimaginale Entwicklung im Wasser statt (Rogers, 1949). Die hygromorphen Larven von Me- gistocera haben das Stigmenfeld am primitivsten gebaut, was sie vielleicht noch von den archaischen Tipulidae aus dem Mesozoikum geerbt haben. Stigmenfeld und Randlappen sind mit langen Haaren gesäumt. Die Flügel sind mit Mikrotrichien bedeckt, wodurch sie gegen das naßwerden geschützt sind. Die starke Beziehung zum Wassermilieu bei Megistocera wird auch aus der Tatsache sichtbar, daß die Weibchen zum Absetzen der Eier und auch zur Ruhe auf der Wasseroberfläche sitzen können, wobei sie sich mit den außerordentlich langen Beinen stützen. Als meist plesiomorphe Tribus der Familie haben die Dolichopezinae sehr viele Merkmale mit den Limoniidae gemeinsam, was sich bei manchen von ihnen im Bau des analen Segmentes der Eilarven, in den geraden statt hakenförmig ge- krümmten Scheiden der Maxillarpalpen, im ziemlich einfachen Bau des Hypopygs der Männchen und bei vielen Gattungen auch im Vorhandensein einer normal entwickelten sc, zeigt. SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae 109 Do Ti Ct Abb. 4: Hypothetisches Schema der phylogenetischen Verhaltnisse zwischen den Unterfamilien und Gattungen der Tipulidae: Die Namen der Perioden sind wie in Abb. 3 abgekurzt. Unterfamilien: Do - Dolichopezinae; Ti - Tipulinae; Ct - Ctenophorinae. Gattungen: D - Dolichopeza; P - Prionocera; Ni - Nigrotipula; T - Tipula; Ne - Nephrotoma; Di - Dictenidia; C - Ctenophora; Ta - Tanyptera. Die zu unserer Fauna zahlende Gattung Dolichopeza gehort nicht zu den pri- mitiven, sondern zu den mehr apomorphen Gruppen der Dolichopezinae; sie zweigte irgendwann um Mitte Kreide ab und spezialisierte sich mehr in Richtung Anpassen an aridere Umstande. Die larvale Entwicklung findet nicht mehr im Wasser, sondern in feuchten Landmoosen statt. Die Larven haben längliche, fast konische Randlappen und einen kurzen Haarsaum um das Stigmenfeld und verhältnismäßig kurze Analkiemen und zeigen den apomorphen Typ der Chaetotaxie; die Puppen haben kurze, am Ende gebogene Mesothorakal-Hörner, wie sie bei den meisten Tipulidae vorkommen, und die Imago hat eine offene Diskoidalzelle durch teilweise reduzierte m,. In vielen Fällen unterscheidet sich Dolichopeza sogar durch eine größere Apomorphie von manchen anderen Gattungen der Tipulidae in unserem Faunengebiet, was die Möglichkeit einer direkten phylogenetischen Verbindung mit ihnen ausschließt (Abb. 4). Ziemlich nah verwandt mit den primitiven Dolichopezinae ist die Gattung Prio- nocera der Tipulidae. Die Larven leben an den Wurzeln von Wasserpflanzen (Theowald, 1957) oder im Wasser (Nielsen, 1954). Der Bau ihres analen Segmentes ist ebenso plesiomorph wie in der Gattung Megistocera. Die Puppen haben an den 110 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 Hinterrändern der abdominalen Segmente viele kleine Dörnchen, die charakteristisch sind für die plesiomorphen Formen der Tipulidae, und die Imago hat rudimentäre Ozellen und ein ganz einfach gebautes Hypopyg (Tjeder, 1948). Damit erinnert sie an die Dolichopezinae und auch an die Limoniidae. Die Imagines haben aber auch apomorphe Merkmale. Sie haben zum Beispiel die für die anderen Tipulinae typische Flügeladerung. Manche anderen Merkmale wie die dunkle Färbung und die Behaarung des Leibes, die Entwicklung in moorigen Biotopen des nördlichen Typs und die Verbreitung überwiegend in höheren Breiten, wo die Fauna noch ziemlich jung ist, deuten auf verhältnismäßig hohe Apomorphie der Gattung Prionocera, die wahrscheinlich nicht vor dem Ende des Neogen entstand und möglicherweise erst im Pleistocän ihre Blütezeit erreichte. Eine derartige Kombination von plesiomorphen und apomorphen Merkmalen bei Prionocera muß als Nachweis gedeutet werden, daß diese Gattung phylogenetisch mit einer sehr alten und primitiven, den Dolichopezinae nah verwandten Gruppe dieser Familie, die schon in der Kreide von ihnen abzweigte, verbunden ist; sie war schon im Palaeogen ein ganz unabhängiger Zweig und starb am Anfang des Neogen aus, als eine neue geokrate Phase in der Erdgeschichte anfing. Es blieb nur ein kleiner spezialisierter Seitenzweig übrig (Abb. 4), der sich zur Gattung Prionocera, angepaßt an das Leben im kalten nordborealen Klima, entwickelte. Von den primitiven Gruppen der Dolichopezinae zweigten wahrscheinlich schon in der Kreide die ancestralen Formen der anderen Gattungen der Tipulinae unseres Faunengebiets ab, wie die Ahnen von Nigrotipula, Tipula und Nephrotoma, die zusammen einen ziemlich natürlichen genetischen Komplex bilden. Die Gattung Nigrotipula hat bei den Larven plesiomorphe und apomorphe Merkmale. Plesiomorph ist zum Beispiel bei den Larven das Vorhandensein eines reduzierten Haarsaums am Unterrand des Stigmenfeldes; apomorph sind das Fehlen einer hydro- oder hygromorphen Anpassung und die geobionte Lebensweise. Die Imago hat noch eine ziemlich plesiomorphe Flügeladerung, für die eine ungestielte oder nur kurz gestielte Zelle M, kennzeichnend ist; das Hypopyg ist ganz einfach gebaut. All dies deutet darauf hin, daß der Ursprung dieser Gattung in der Nähe einer primitiven alten Gruppe der Tipulinae, die wahrscheinlich noch helobionte Larven hatte, zu suchen ist. Es ist interessant zu wissen, daß die Nigrotipula-Arten die gleiche Kombination einer Reihe von Merkmalen haben wie die Gattungen Tipula und Nephrotoma. Mit der ersteren haben sie die Lage von sc, im Bezug auf die Basis von rs, die Anzahl von tibialen Spornen (1-2-2) und den Bau des Prothorax der Larven gemeinsam, mit Nephrotoma die kurze Schnauze, eine ungestielte Zelle M,, den mit mikroskopischen Dörnchen versehenen Einschnitt am Hinterrand des 9. Tergits bei den Männchen und die Anzahl der Dornen an den Hinterrändern der abdominalen Tergite bei der Puppe. Es muß deshalb angenommen werden, daß die ancestralen Formen, aus denen sich die Gattung Nigrotipula entwickelt hat, vom gemeinsamen Stamm der Tipulinae vor dem Divergieren in die Gattungen Tipula und Nephrotoma abzweigten und auch, daß diese ancestralen Formen, die schon lange ausgestorben sind, keine apomorphen Merkmale hatten, wie sie später während des Anpassungsprozesses der Annahme einer geobionten SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae 111 Lebensweise gegenüber einer Anderung der palaeogenen Sumpfmoore im Torfboden in der Gattung Nigrotipula entstanden sind. Über den monophyletischen Ursprung der Gattungen Tipula und Nephrotoma, die soviele Merkmale mit den Dolichopezinae, aber auch untereinander gemein- sam haben, gibt es keinen Zweifel. Gemeinsam sind für sie sogar Merkmale wie der Typ der Körperfärbung und die Stelle der Abzweigung der Ader r,, beides spezifisch für beide Gattungen. Der lackglänzende Thorax ist nicht nur charakteristisch für die Gattung Nephrotoma, sondern auch für manche auf Grund anderer Merkmale in die Gattung Tipula gehörende Arten, zum Beispiel die in die palaearktische Untergattung Dendrotipula gehörende nordchinesische T. hoi Alexander und insbesondere für die Arten der nearktischen Untergattungen Nephrotomodes und Nobilitipula. Die Stelle des Verzweigungspunktes der Ader m,,, an der Basis der Diskoidalzelle ist nicht auf die Gattung Tipula beschränkt, sondern kommt ausnahmsweise auch bei manchen charakteristischen Arten der Gattung Nephrotoma vor (Edwards, 1928). Die Gattung Tipula zweigte wahrscheinlich in der Kreide vom Hauptstamm der Tipulinae und später, irgendwann am Ende des Palaeogens oder am Anfang des Neogens, erreichte sie ihre größte Polymorphie und Differenzierung (Abb. 4). Obwohl das Genus Nephrotoma denselben Ursprung hat wie die Gattung Tipula, zweigte es wahrscheinlich nicht am Ende des Mesozoikums oder am Anfang des Palaeogen direkt von Tipula ab, sondern von irgendeiner mehr plesiomorphen aus- gestorbenen Zwischengruppe der Tipulinae, die wahrscheinlich nahe verwandt war mit der von Alexander (1931) beschriebenen Untergattung Electrotipula, gefunden im baltischen Bernstein, deren einzige bekannte Art (E. pinetorum Alexander) im Flügelgeäder Merkmale sowohl von Tipula und als auch von Nephrotoma zeigt. Obwohl Nephrotoma einen ziemlich hohen Grad von ökologischer Spezialisation erreichte, erlangte diese geobionte Gattung nicht den Umfang und den Grad der Differenzierung der Gattung Tipula; dies kann einerseits durch das jüngere geo- logische Alter, anderseits durch den engeren ökologischen Bereich ihrer Anpassungen bedingt sein. Das fast völlige Fehlen von Fossilien, die zur Gattung Nephrotoma gehören, ist wohl ein Hinweis darauf, daß in der Vergangenheit diese Gattung nie artenreich war und wahrscheinlich nie eine derartige Blütezeit erreichte wie in unserer heutigen Fauna. Die einheimischen Gattungen Ctenophora und Tanyptera, die ein natürlicher Komplex von Arten mit gekämmten Geißelgliedern sind, sind innerhalb dieser Familie durch die höchste ökologische Spezialisation gekennzeichnet: ihre Larven sind saproxylobiont, die der Tanyptera-Arten sogar fakultativ xylobiont. Im imaginalen Stadium sind diese Gattungen überwiegend apomorph. In der Gattung Ctenophora zum Beispiel ist der Bau der id sehr kompliziert apomorph und bei den spezialisierten Arten der Gattung Tanyptera sogar das ganze Hypopyg. Gleichzeitig zeigen die Arten dieser Genera auch viele plesiomorphe Merkmale: kurze Schnauze, oft ungestielte oder kurzgestielte Zelle M, und einen ziemlich primitiv gebauten Basistylus als Imagines, außerdem als Larven und Puppen einen primitiven Typ von Chaetotaxie. Phylogenetisch hat ein plesiomorphes Merkmal 112 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 wie das Vorhandensein eines Haarsaums um das Stigmenfeld bei den Larven von Ctenophora große Bedeutung. Es deutet darauf hin, daß die Gattung Ctenophora und damit alle nah miteinander verwandten Ctenophorinae, nicht von den apomorphen geobionten, sondern von den plesiomorphen helobionten Gruppen dieser Familie abzweigten. Es ist wahrscheinlicher, daß sich die Ctenophorinae aus einer primitiven amphibischen oder sogar aus einer im Wasser lebenden ancestralen Form entwickelt haben, die im Mesozoikum von den Dolichopezinae abzweigte und sich später sowohl zu Tipulinae als auch zu Ctenophorinae entwickelte (Abb. 4). Die frühesten archaischen Ctenophorinae hatten wahrscheinlich — wie die heu- tigen Arten der Gattung Dictenidia — an der Basis und am Ende jedes Geißelgliedes Fortsätze, die sich aus den proximalen und distalen Verdickungen dieser Segmente, die kennzeichnend sind für viele Tipulidae, entwickelt haben. Es gab dabei eine Verschiebung eines Teiles der Wirtelhaare zum Ende des unteren Fortsatzes. Im weiteren Evolutionsprozess, in dem die Geißelglieder durch Spaltung eines oder beider Fortsätze komplizierter wurden, entstanden die Formen mit drei (Tanyptera) oder vier (Ctenophora) Fortsätzen an jedem Geißelglied. Am meisten plesiomorph und wahrscheinlich am ältesten unter den Cteno- phorinae unseres Faunengebietes ist aber doch wohl die Gattung Ctenophora und nicht die Gattung Dictenidia. Es gibt keinen Zweifel, daß Ctenophora irgendwo in den gemäßigten Teilen von Ostasien zu Ende des Mesozoikums oder am Anfang des Tertiär als unabhängiges Taxon abzweigte. Was die Gattung Dictenidia betrifft, sie war wahrscheinlich ein “Seitenast’’ einer anderen mehr plesiomorphen, später jedoch ausgestorbenen Gruppe der Ctenophorinae; sie zweigte von dieser Gruppe bedeutend später ab, wahrscheinlich erst Ende Palaeogen oder Anfang Neogen. Tanyptera zweigte wohl von derselben ausgestorbenen Gruppe ab, aber nicht später als in Palaeogen. Was die Spezialisation in den Entwicklungsstadien anlangt, hat Tanyptera sich aber deutlich weiter entwickelt als die anderen Gattungen. Im Larvenstadium, in dem Tanyptera habituell an die Larven von Bockkäfern erinnert, hat sie sich nicht nur an das Leben in weichem faulendem Holz angepaßt, sondern auch an das Leben in hartem Holz. Die phylogenetischen Beziehungen zwischen den Artengruppen innerhalb der Gattungen der Tipulidae sind noch nicht klar. Die Gattung Dolichopeza hat in unserem Faunengebiet (Ukraine) nur eine ziemlich spezialisierte Art. Die Männ- chen dieser Art haben ein Adminiculum ohne stabförmige Verbindungen mit der Vesica. Diese Verbindungen kommen noch wenig entwickelt vor bei der nearktischen D. americana Needham und in schon ganz gut entwickelter Form bei manchen Arten der Untergattung Oropeza, die für die Fauna von Ostasien und Nordamerika charakteristisch ist (Byers, 1961). Die meisten der ukrainischen Prionocera-Arten, die nur wenig deutlich gesägte Antennen und einen ziemlich stark behaarten Körper haben, sind wahrscheinlich ziemlich plesiomorph und damit ziemlicht alt. Die einzige ukrainische Art der Gattung Nigrotipula ist ziemlich apomorph. Sie hat eine dunkle Färbung, die bei den Tipuliden sekundär ist, und einen kom- SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae 113 plizierten und spezialisierten Bau der id. Bei den verwandten Arten aus dem Norden von Ostasien ist die Körperfärbung meistens braungelb und die id sind einfacher gebaut. Innerhalb der Gattung Tipula (Abb. 5) ist die Untergattung Platytipula wohl am meisten plesiomorph. Die Flügelzeichnung und der Bau des Hypopygs erinnern an die Dolichopezinae. Alexander (1926) meint, daß manche ostasiatischen Arten dieser Untergattung, die sich vermutlich schon in der Kreide als unabhängiges Taxon differenzierten (Savtshenko, 1961), direkt mit den Dolichopezinae ver- wandt sind. Als ziemlich apomorphe und junge Abzweigung der Untergattung Platytipula oder einer mit ihr nahverwandten ausgestorbener Untergattung muß man wohl Schummelia ansehen, die sich wohl nicht später als im Eozän entwickelt haben dürfte. Flügeladerung und Eigentümlichkeiten im Bau des Hypopygs weisen auf eine Verwandtschaft von Platytipula und Schummelia hin. Die Untergattungen Acutipula, Yamatotipula und Tipula s.str. stammen von den archaischen Zweigen der Gattung Tipula. Sie bilden zusammen einen genetischen Komplex, der nach Theowald (1957) den Rang einer Gattung verdient. Sie sind durch eine Reihe von plesiomorphen Merkmalen charakterisiert, zum Beispiel durch helobionte und fakultativ hydrobionte oder ihnen sehr ähnliche primitive geobionte Larven. Die Untergattung Acutipula ist die primitivste und älteste von ihnen, sie stammt wohl aus dem Palaeogen. Von gemeinsamen ancestralen For- men und parallel mit ihr entwickelte sich seit dem Oligozän die Untergattung Yamatotipula. Und im Miozän zweigte vermutlich von Acutipula die Untergattung P S Y A T Sal eM 8 Pt (o) 2 L Od D Abb. 5: Hypothetisches Schema der phylogenetischen Verhältnisse zwischen den Untergattungen der Gattung Tipula. Geochronologische Perioden: K - Kreide; P - Palaeozän; E - Eozan; O - Oligozan; M - Miozän; PI - Pliozän. Untergattungen: P - Platytipula; S - Schummelia; Y - Yamatotipula; A - Acutipula; T - Tipula s.str.; Sa - Savtshenkia; M - Mediotipula; B - Beringotipula; Pt - Pterelachisus; O - Oreomyza; V - Vestiplex; L - Lunatipula; Od - Odonatisca; D - Dendrotipula. 114 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 Tipula s.str. ab, die in diesem Komplex wohl am meisten apomorph ist (Savtshenko, 1961). Alle Untergattungen dieses Komplexes haben nicht nur einen ahnlichen Bau des analen Segments der Larven und eine ahnliche Chaetotaxie der Puppen, sondern auch einen ahnlichen Bau des Hypopygs der Mannchen. Die geobionte und apomorphe Untergattung Tipula ausgenommen, haben beide anderen Untergattungen ihre Blütezeit wohl am Ende des Palaeogen oder im Miozan erreicht; darauf weist die Verschiedenheit ihrer archaischen Formen in der ursprünglichen Fauna von Südostasien hin. Die Untergattungen Savtshenkia, Mediotipula und Beringotipula haben taxo- nomisch eine sehr isolierte und phylogenetisch unsichere Stellung innerhalb der Gattung Tipula. Das Vorkommen von rudimentaren Analkiemen und ein rudimentärer Haarsaum um das Stigmenfeld bei den Savtshenkia-Larven die sich in xeromorpher Richtung entwickelten, deuten auf eine Abstammung dieser Untergattung von plesiomorphen, helo- und hydrobionten Gruppen aus der Gattung Tipula. Der charakteristische Fortsatz am Ende der Hypovalven der weiblichen Puppen (in unserer Fauna auch bekannt von den weiblichen Dolichopeza-Puppen) bringt die Untergattung Savtshenkia sogar näher zu den Dolichopezinae. Es ist interessant, daß dieser Fortsatz auch bei den weiblichen Puppen von Mediotipula vorkommt, deren Arten — was den Komplex der anderen Merkmale betrifft — ziemlich stark apomorph sind. Deshalb muß Mediotipula, ungeachtet ihrer hohen Spezialisation, wahrscheinlich doch von den archaischen Gruppen der Gattung Tipula abgeleitet werden. Dasselbe gilt auch für die Untergattung Beringotipula, deren Larven nicht nur apomorphe Merkmale zeigen wie eine starke Sklerotisation der Randlappen um das Stigmenfeld, sondern auch plesiomorphe wie einen Haarsaum um das Stigmenfeld. Die meistapomorphen Zweige der Gattung Tipula sind die geologisch ziemlich jungen Untergattungen Prerelachisus, Oreomyza, Vestiplex, Lunatipula und Odo- natisca, ein Komplex von Untergattungen, der möglicherweise auch als Gattung qualifiziert werden kann (Theowald, 1957). Eine Reihe von Merkmalen deuten auf die Verwandtschaft dieser Untergattungen, die wahrscheinlich irgendwann im Oligozän oder Miozän anfingen sich in xeromorphe Richtung zu entwicklen, und am Ende des Neogens eine beträchtliche Blütezeit erreichten — Lunatipula und Odonatisca wahrscheinlich noch später —, und zwar Merkmale wie die Flügeladerung und die Flügelzeichnung, der Bau des Hinterrandes des 9. Tergites bei den Männchen, der geobionte Larventyp mit mehr oder weniger sklerotisierter Oberfläche der dorsalen und lateralen Randlappen um das Stigmenfeld, die stark entwickelten aber nicht zahlreichen Dornen auf dem Abdomen der Puppen u.s.w. (Savtshenko, 1964). Diese Untergattungen, die ziemlich apomorph sind, zeigen aber auch manche plesiomorphe Merkmale, zum Beispiel eine primitive Chaetotaxie bei den Larven, die wahrscheinlich von ancestralen Formen, die, wie anzunehmen ist, weniger spezialisierte und mehr archaische Gruppen der Gattung Tipula waren, vererbt wurden. Den ancestralen Formen am nächsten stehen wohl die Untergattungen Ptere- lachisus und Oreomyza, von denen die zweite direkt von der ersten abzweigte. Direkte Verwandtschaft zwischen beiden sieht man einerseits bei T. (Pterelachisus) SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae 115 mutila Wahlgren und anderseits bei 7. (Oreomyza) trifasciata Loew, die viele Merkmale gemeinsam haben, einerseits im Bau des Hypopygs der Männchen, anderseits in der Flügeladerung (Savtshenko, 1964). An einer Abzweigung der Untergattung Vestiplex von einer mit der Unter- gattung Pterelachisus gemeinsamen Wurzel besteht kein Zweifel. Bis in unsere Zeit findet man in der Fauna von Ostasien Übergangsformen zwischen beiden Untergattungen (zum Beispiel T. ambigua Savtshenko), die manchmal nur schwierig in einer dieser Untergattungen unterzubringen sind, weil sie nach dem Bau des Ovipositors zu Vestiplex, nach dem Bau des Hypopygs aber zu Pterelachisus gehören (Savtshenko, 1964). Die Untergattung Lunatipula nimmt eine stärker isolierte Stellung ein. Die an- cestralen Formen dieser Untergattung zweigten von der für den ganzen Komplex gemeinsamen Wurzel wahrscheinlich noch vor der Abzweigung der Untergattungen Pterelachisus und Vestiplex ab. Direkt aus Lunatipula differenzierte sich im Neogen ohne Zweifel die Untergattung Odonatisca, die am meisten xerophile und jüngste Untergattung dieses Komplexes. Die nahe phylogenetische Verwandtschaft zwischen Lunatipula und Odonatisca wird bestätigt durch gemeinsame Merkmale im Bau der Larven und Puppen. Die Larven von Odonatisca zum Beispiel haben dieselben gänzlich sklerotisierten, hakenförmigen dorsalen und lateralen Randlappen um das Stigmenfeld wie die Larven der /ivida- Gruppe der Untergattung Lunatipula, und, was den Bau der Puppen betrifft, zeigen sie nur wenige Unterschiede gegenüber den im Mittelmeergebiet vorkommenden Arten der falcata-Gruppe der Untergattung Lunatipula. Der Anhang am Hinterrand des 8. Sternits bei den Männchen von Odonatisca kann leicht von den homologen, jedoch nicht so stark entwickelten Strukturen am Hinterrand dieses Sternites bei den Arten der falcata-Gruppe abgeleitet werden. Die stark apomorphe Untergattung Dendrotipula, die sich irgendwann im Oli- gozän entwickelte, erreichte ihre Blütezeit im Miozän und entwickelte sich sehr weit in Richtung Anpassung der praeimaginalen Stadien an eine Ernährung von Verwesungsprodukten faulenden Laubholzes. Apomorphe Merkmale wie zum Beispiel die Reduktion der dorsalen und lateralen Randlappen des Stigmenfeldes der Larven und die Verkürzung der mesothorakalen Atmungsröhrchen bei den Puppen finden wir auch bei den Ctenophorinae. Es besteht aber keine direkte phylogenetische Verwandtschaft zwischen beiden, weil die Larven von Dendrotipula keinen Haarsaum um das Stigmenfeld haben und mehr apomorph sind als die Larven der Gattung Ctenophora, bei denen ein solcher Haarsaum vorhanden ist. Theowald (1957) weist auf eine Verwandtschaft der Untergattung Dendrotipula mit den Untergattungen Pterelachisus und Oreomyza hin, und zwar auf Grund des Baues des analen Segments ihrer Larven und Puppen. Eine Verwandtschaft dieser drei Untergattungen zeigt auch der plesiomorphe Typ der Chaetotaxie ihrer Larven an. Darauf begründet, gewinnt die Hypothese, daß die ancestralen Formen von Dendrotipula von einer mit den Untergattungen Pterelachisus und Oreomyza gemeinsamen Wurzel abzweigten, und zwar noch vor der Abzweigung von Lunatipula und Vestiplex (Abb. 5), an Wahrscheinlichkeit. Nephrotoma ist im imaginalen wie im larvalen Stadium nur sehr undeutlich 116 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 gegliedert, weshalb auch sichere Aussagen uber die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen innerhalb dieser Gattung schwierig zu machen sind. Man kann nur annehmen, daß unter den ukrainischen Arten dieser Gattung die Arten der scalaris-crocata- Gruppe, die sich durch dunkle Leibespigmentierung und manche von ihnen durch eine Tendenz zum Leben auf offenem Feld in ziemlich trockenen Umständen (N. rossica Riedel) auszeichnen, am meisten apomorph sind. Von Dictenidia gibt es in der ukrainischen Fauna nur eine ziemlich apomorphe, dunkel gefärbte Art, deren Hypopyg komplizierter gebaut ist als das der anderen, hell gefärbten Arten dieser Gattung aus Südostasien. Unsere Art repräsentiert unter den Dictenidia-Arten deshalb vielleicht einen jüngeren und mehr spezia- lisierten Zweig. Innerhalb der Gattung Ctenophora sind auf Grund des Baues des praeimaginalen Stadien die ukrainischen Arten der pectinicornis-guttata-Gruppe, deren Larven deutlich entwickelte Randlappen um das Stigmenfeld haben, mehr plesiomorph und die Arten der fastuosa-festiva-Gruppe mit reduzierten Randlappen mehr apomorph. Nach imaginalen Merkmalen sind beide Gruppen verbunden durch die elegans-Gruppe als Übergangsform. Es ist nicht klar erkennbar, wie die Evolution vor sich ging: von der ersten zur zweiten Gruppe oder umgekehrt. Letzteres sieht wahrscheinlicher aus, weil die fastuosa-festiva-Gruppe für die alte Fauna von Südostasien charakteristisch ist und die pectinicornis-guttata-Gruppe für die verhältnismäßig junge boreale Fauna. Ganz sicher sind die phylogenetischen Verhältnisse innerhalb der Gattung Tanyptera. Die ukrainischen Arten dieser Gattung sind der jüngste apomorphe Zweig, dessen Männchen einen sehr stark spezialisierten Bau des Hypopygs haben, das durch die nur kleine Öffnung und eine fast horizontale Lage der Styli im Genital-Raum prinzipiell von demselben Organ der anderen Tipulidae ver- schieden ist. Dieser Zweig entwickelte sich in den gemäßigten Breiten aus den plesiomorphen ostasiatischen Arten der Gattung, die ein Hypopyg des normalen Tipulidae-Typs haben, das heißt mit breiter Öffnung und mehr oder weniger vertikaler Lage der Styli. Zwischen diesen beiden Gruppen finden wir in unserer heutigen Fauna noch eine Übergangsform, die auf die Richtung der Evolution in dieser Gattung hinweist. Es ist eine kleine und ziemlich seltene Art aus dem Fernen Osten (T. parva Portschinsky), die in den Küstengebieten der Sovjet-Union (Primorskij Kraj) und in Japan vorkommt. Die Hauptblütezeit der Gattungen Crenophora und Tanyptera fand wahr- scheinlich im Neogen statt, als sich die Laubwälder, an die diese Gattungen ökologisch und trophisch gebunden waren, in den gemäßigten Breiten von Eurasien im Norden und im Westen viel weiter ausdehnten als heute. SYSTEMATIK UND KLASSIFIKATION Die moderne Systematik der Tipulidae ist noch recht ungenügend bearbeitet und ist hauptsächlich auf die Imagines und hier wiederum auf morphologische Merkmale begründet. Erst in letzter Zeit sind die ersten Versuche gemacht worden, auch die Larven und die biologischen Merkmale für ein neues System SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipulidae 117 dieser Familie zu benützen (Theowald, 1957; Savtshenko, 1961). Seit Latreille (1802), der die Familie Tipulidae für die Gattung Tipula von Linnaeus errichtete, haben während des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts die meisten Systematiker diese Familie ganz breit aufgefaßt, und neben den Tipulidae auch die Limoniidae und Cylindrotomidae eingeschlossen, manchmal sogar auch die Trichoceridae und die anderen Tipuloidea (Zetterstedt, 1842; Rondani, 1856; Schiner, 1864; Osten-Sacken, 1878, und andere). Diese breite Auffassung der Familie als Komplex von Tipulidae, Limoniidae und Cylindrotomidae, die dann nur den Rang von Unterfamilien erhalten, akzeptieren auch die heutigen englischen und amerikanischen Systematiker (Edwards, 1938; Alexander, 1942; Coe, 1950; und andere). Seit Kertesz (1902) sieht die Mehrzahl der europäischen Systematiker die Tipulidae als eine unabhängige Familie neben Limoniidae und Cylindrotomidae an, meistens jedoch ohne besonderere Begründung ihres Standpunktes (Hendel, 1928, 1936/37; Hennig, 1950; Mannheims, 1951; Theowald, 1957a; Savtshenko, 1961). Nur Peus (1952) bemerkt, daß eine derartige Einteilung und Qualifikation mehr den Forderungen eines natürlichen Systems entspricht und überdies Vorteile in Bezug auf Übersichtlichkeit hat. | Die Tipulidae verdienen aber den Rang einer Familie nicht nur auf Grund von Übersichtlichkeit, sondern auch aus mehr prinzipiellen Erwägungen. Wenn man die höheren systematischen Gruppen nicht nur als etwas sieht, das seine Ursache in dem Bedürfnis des Menschen zum systematisieren hat (Peus, 1952), sondern als reelle Kategorien, die konkret die Entwicklungsgeschichte und die heutige Struk- tur von bestimmten Gruppen von Organismen darstellen, dann wird der Familienrang der Tipulidae keinen Widerspruch entfachen dürfen. Wie schon früher bemerkt, unterscheiden sich die Tipulidae wesentlich von den am besten mit ihnen übereinstimmenden anderen Gruppen der Tipuloidea, insbesondere den Limoniidae und Cylindrotomidae, ganz zu schweigen von den Trichoceridae, durch einen ganzen Komplex von Merkmalen: die Morphologie aller ihrer Entwicklungsstadien, der Bau des männlichen Hypopygs, ihre Anforderungen an die Umwelt, ihre trophischen Bindungen und andere, durch die sie als eine systematische Einheit mit spezifischen, nur für sie kennzeichnenden Evolutions- Tendenzen charakterisiert sind. Es muß hinzugefügt werden, daß die Tipulidae sich als unabhängige Familie aus den schon längst ausgestorbenen Architipulidae entwickelt haben, und daß Limoniidae und Cylindrotomidae sich aus einer Schwestergruppe nicht der heutigen Tipulidae, sondern der Architipulidae gebildet haben. Aus all diesen Gründen bleibt der Autor dieser Arbeit dabei — wie in seinen anderen Arbeiten —, daß die Tipulidae eine unabhängige, morphologisch, biologisch und evolutionell deutlich abgegrenzte Familie sind. Es ist interessant zu bemerken, daß nach Hennig (1950) die Tipulidae als eine sehr früh differenzierte Gruppe unter den anderen Familien der Diptera den Rang einer Superfamilie verdienen. Während des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts haben mehrere Systematiker die von Linnaeus (1758) aufgestellte Gattung Tipula, die nicht nur Tipulidae sondern auch andere Tipuloidea umfaßte, in kleinere natürlichere Gattungen aufgeteilt. 118 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 Der Klassiker der Dipterologie Meigen (1800) hat als erster von Tipula die Gat- tungen Pales (Nephrotoma, 1803) und Flabellifera (Ctenophora, 1803) abgetrennt, deren erste später von Macquart (1834) als Pachyrrhina zum zweiten Mal beschrieben wurde. Durch eine Entscheidung der 1.C.Z.N. (1963) sind die Namen Pales und Flabellifera unterdrückt worden. Curtis (1825) trennte Dolichopeza, eine Gattung, die von Meigen (1830) als Leptina und von Macquart (1846) als Apeilesis beschrieben wurde, von Tipula ab. Loew (1844) beschrieb die Gattung Prionocera (Stygoropis Loew, 1863). Latreille (1804) stellte einen Teil der Arten aus Meigens Gattung Ctenophora in Tanyptera, eine Gattung, die 30 Jahre später von Brull& (1832) aufs neue als Xiphura beschrieben wurde. Für eine der Arten aus der Gattung Ctenophora errichtete Brulle (1833) die Gattung Dictenidia, die in Arbeiten späterer Autoren auch als Ceroctenia (Rondani, 1856) und Dicera (Lioy, 1863) aufgeführt wird. Von mehreren Autoren (Wiedemann, 1828; Macquart, 1838; Loew, 1869; Osten-Sacken, 1869, 1886; Westwood, 1876; Skuse, 1890) wurden auch Gattungen aus den Gebieten außerhalb der Palaearktis beschrieben. Infolge dieser schnelle Erhöhung der Anzahl von Gattungen entstand das Bedürfnis nach höheren Kategorien. Als erster hat wahrscheinlich wohl Kertesz (1902) die Tipulidae in seinem Catalogus in drei Unterfamilien aufgeteilt: Dolichopezinae, Ctenophorinae und Tipulinae. Von unserer Fauna rechnet er Dolichopeza zur ersten Unterfamilie, Dictenidia, Ctenophora und Xiphura (= Tanyptera) zur zweiten und Tipula (inkl. Nigrotipula) und Nephrotoma zur dritten. Diese Einteilung, die auf unterschiedliche Flügeladerung (Dolichopezinae und Tipulinae) und verschiedenen Bau der Antennen bei den Männchen (Tipulinae und Ctenophorinae) begründet ist, wurde von den meisten Systematikern übernommen, insbesondere von Enderlein (1936), Hendel (1936/37) und Mannheims (1951, 1954). In vielen seiner Arbeiten benützt auch Alexander diese Einteilung. Bei Ale- xander und anderen Systematikern, die die Tipulidae als Unterfamilie qualifizieren, werden dementsprechend die Unterfamilien von Kertesz als Tribus aufgeführt. Eine etwas andere Einteilung der Familie Tipulidae wurde von Pierre (1926) aufgestellt. Aus nur formellen Gründen ohne Rücksicht auf phylogenetische Aspekte, teilte er die Familie ein in zwei Hauptgruppen oder Divisionen, die sich nur im Bau der Antennen voneinander unterscheiden. Die erste Division — Tipulinae filicornae — umfaßt die größte Zahl der Gattungen dieser Familie. Sie haben die Antennen nicht kammartig gebaut. Die zweite, kleinere Division — Tipulinae ramicornae — hat, wenigstens bei den Männchen, charakteristische kammförmige Antennen. Masaki (1933) folgt Pierre und unterscheidet ebenso nur zwei Subfamilien: Plusiomyini — Gattungen mit kammförmigen Antennen — und Tipulini — alle anderen Gattungen. (Bemerkung: Plusiomyini nach der tropischen Gattung Plu- siomyia Skuse.) Es ist eindeutig klar, daß diese Einteilungen von Pierre und Masaki im Vergleich mit der Einteilung in drei Subfamilien einen Schritt zurück bedeuten, weil nur auf SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipuladae 119 den Bau der Antennen, nicht aber auf andere morphologische, biologische oder geografische Merkmale geachtet wird. Diese Einteilung ist daher sehr künstlich. Nach Masaki sind zum Beispiel die palaearktischen Ctenophorinae, von denen nur die Männchen kammförmige Antennen haben, in einer und derselben Gruppe zusammen mit einer Reihe von tropischen Arten, deren Männchen und Weibchen kammförmige Antennen haben, aber nach dem Komplex aller anderen Merkmale viel näher den Tipulinae oder Dolichopezinae stehen. Auch Lameere’s (1906) Einteilung der Tipulidae in zwei Tribus ist mehr oder weniger künstlich. Lameere unterscheidet die Dolichopezinae und die Tipulinae. Charakteristisch für die Dolichopezinae ist das Fehlen von Tibialdornen und auch das Fehlen einer Diskoidalzelle. Die Gattung Dolichopeza ausgenommen, haben aber die meisten anderen Dolichopezinae eine Diskoidalzelle wie die Tipulinae. Auf die Tatsache hinweisend, daß die Einteilung der Familie in drei Unter- familien auf — auf den ersten Blick — sekundären und taxonomisch wenig wichtigen morphologischen Unterschieden fußt, welche überdies bei den Ctenophorinae sekundäres Geschlechtsmerkmal sind, erklärt sich Alexander (1920, 1942) als Vertreter einer vollständigen Zurückweisung der Unterfamilien und will zurück zur alten Einteilung in nur Gattungen. Seiner Meinung nach ist dies zweckmäßiger, weil — mit weiter Kenntnis der exotischen Tipulidae — die Grenzen zwischen den Subfamilien immer undeutlicher werden. Dasselbe wird auch von Theowald (1957) vorgebracht, der ein neues System für die westpalaearktischen Tipuliden aufstellt, begründet auf dem Studium von imaginalen und praeimaginalen Merkmalen, wobei er in dieser Familie keine Taxa von höherem als Gattungsrang aufführt. In dieser Arbeit wird aber die allgemein akzeptierte Einteilung der Familie in drei Unterfamilien erhalten und zwar nicht nur, weil sie das System der Tipulidae mehr übersichtlich macht, was aus praktischen Erwägungen sehr wichtig ist, da sie die Bestimmung erleichtert, sondern auch, weil sie vom phylogenetischen Stand- punkt (Abb. 4) die realen Verhältnisse innerhalb der Familie erkennen läßt. Sie zeigt unabhängige Gruppen von ungleichem Umfang, ungleicher morpholo- gischer Differenzierung, ungleichem geologischem Alter und ungleichem zoo- geographischem Wert. Im Gegensatz zu der Behauptung von Alexander gibt es zwischen diesen drei Unterfamilien der Tipulidae — nach dem ganzen Komplex von imaginalen und praeimaginalen Merkmalen — genügend und deutliche morphologische Unterschiede, welche sich manifestieren in der Färbung und Zeichnung des Körpers, in der Beinlänge, und insbesondere im Bau des Hypopygs der Männchen wie auch im Bau des Hinterleibsendes der Larven. Schließlich, jede dieser Unterfamilien zeigt eine bestimmte Richtung der Evolution innerhalb dieser Familie, nämlich die Dolichopezinae hauptsächlich den Übergang einer hydrobionten zu einer bryobionten Lebensweise auf dem Land, die Tipulinae (mit nur wenigen Ausnahmen) den Übergang einer hydrobionten zur helobionten und geobionten Lebensweise, die Ctenophorinae den Übergang einer hydrobionten zur saproxylobionten Lebensweise. Rohdendorf (1964) bemerkt ganz richtig, daß Taxa von höherem Rang nicht nur vom morphologischen Standpunkt, sondern vielseitig, als eine Einheit oder eine Harmonie, gesehen werden müssen, die sich 120 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 durch bestimmte Existenzvoraussetzungen, die sich in gleichem Bau, gleichen Funktionen und gleicher ontogenetischer Entwicklung zeigen, kennzeichnet. Wenn man bei den Tipulidae — einer der meist archaischen Familien der Diptera — dieselben taxonomischen Kriterien anlegt wie bei den höher ent- wickelten Gruppen dieser Ordnung, dann kann auch das Fehlen von deutlichen Grenzen zwischen manchen Unterfamilien nicht ein Grund zu ihrer Abschaffung sein. Das Vorkommen von Übergangsformen zwischen einer Unterfamilie und der anderen in solch einer archaischen Gruppe von Diptera wie die Tipulidae — in der bis in unsere Zeit viele Elemente aus dem Palaeogen und sogar aus dem Mesozoikum vorkommen — ist ganz natürlich. In diesem Zusammenhang bemerken wir, daß ähnliche “Brücken” auch zwischen den Tipulidae und andere Familie der Tipuloidea vorkommen, zum Beispiel zwischen Dolichopezinae und Limoniidae, anderseits auch zwischen Gattungen innerhalb der Tipulidae, zum Beispiel Nephrotoma und Tipula, zwischen den orientalischen Arten von Doli- chopeza und Oropeza und auch zwischen den orientalischen Pselliophora’s und den palaearktischen Ctenophora’s. Meist werden im System der Tipulidae als erste Subfamilie die Dolichopezinae, als zweite die Ctenophorinae und als dritte die Tipulinae aufgeführt, was dem Standpunkt von Edwards (1926) entspricht, nach dem die xylobionten Arten primitiver sind als die hydro- und helobionten. Dies steht aber im Widerspruch zu den eigentlichen phylogenetischen Verhältnissen in der Familie der Tipulidae, wie oben schon erwähnt wurde. Die Tipulinae sind mit den am meisten plesiomorphen Dolichopezinae deutlich näher verwandt als mit den Ctenophorinae, die als saproxylophage Arten zu der am meisten apomorphen und spezialisiertesten Gruppe dieser Familie gehören. Deshalb müssen die Tipulinae im System der Familie an zweiter und nicht an dritter Stelle stehen, was mit den interfamiliären phylogenetischen Verhältnissen (Abb. 4) übereinstimmt. Die Behandlung der Systematik innerhalb der Unterfamilie der Dolichopezinae gehört nicht in diese Arbeit, da in der ukrainischen Fauna diese Unterfamilie nur durch eine Gattung vertreten ist. Was die Unterfamilie Tipulinae anlangt, so hat man bis heute nicht versucht, sie in Supergattungen oder Tribus einzuteilen. Es besteht aber kein Zweifel, daß die ukrainischen Tipulinae sich morphologisch und phylogenetisch leicht in zwei unabhängige Gruppen einteilen lassen, die zwei verschiedene Evolutionsrichtungen darstellen. Die erste Gruppe sind die Arten mit gesägten Antennen aus der Gattung Prionocera, die mit der Unterfamilie der Dolichopezinae nahe verwandt sind. Die zweite Gruppe sind alle anderen Ti- pulinae, die von denselben ancestralen Formen entstanden sind wie Prionocera, sich aber parallel zu ihnen entwickelten. Nach dem phylogenetischen Schema (Abb. 4) ist es zweckmäßig, beide Gruppen als unabhängige Stämme zu sehen: die Prionocerini und die Tipulini. Der erste von ihnen ist in unserer Fauna vertreten durch die Gattung Prionocera, der zweite durch Nigrotipula, Tipula und Nephrotoma. Auch die Unterfamilie Ctenophorinae kann in zwei Tribus eingeteilt werden: Ctenophorini und Tanypterini, die deutlich in morphologischer und biologischer Hinsicht verschieden sind. Die Ctenophorini sind als Imagines durch einen ziem- SAVTSHENKO: Phylogenie und Systematik der Tipuladae 121 lich einfachen Bau des Hypopygs und eine fast vertikale Stellung der Styli, durch einen kurzen Ovipositor, der immer kürzer ist als die Hälfte des Abdomens, und durch kurze Hypovalven, die bei weitem nicht das Ende der Cerci erreichen, gekennzeichnet. Die Larven der Ctenophorini haben mehr oder weniger entwickelte Randlappen um das Stigmenfeld und manchmal einen rudimentären Haarsaum am Rande des Stigmenfeldes. Die Puppen haben am Mesothorax ziemlich lange Atmungshörnchen, die von normaler Form sind. Die Entwicklung der Larven dieser Familie findet in Holz, das zu amorphem Mulm verfault ist, statt. Für die Tribus Tanypterini ist nachfolgendes charakteristisch: das Hypopyg der Männchen ist stark modifiziert, und die Stellung der Styli ist fast horizontal; die Weibchen haben einen sehr langen Ovipositor (fast solang wie die Hälfte des Abdomens, die langen Hypovalven erreichen fast das Ende der Cerci). Die Randlappen um das Stigmenfeld der Larven sind fast vollständig reduziert; die Puppe hat nur kurze, längliche, am Rande gerillte mesothorakale Atmungshörnchen. Die Arten entwickeln sich in Holz, das noch nicht ganz zu Mulm verfault ist. In der ukrainischen Fauna gehören die Gattungen Dictenidia und Ctenophora zu den Ctenophorini und Tanyptera zu den Tanypterini. Alexander (1936, 1954) und nach ihm Theowald (1957) sind der Meinung, daß alle Gattungen der Ctenophorinae, die orientalischen Gattungen Plocimas und Prionota ausgenommen, nur den Rang von Untergattungen haben sollen, weil zwischen ihnen keine wirklichen Unterschiede sind, abgesehen vom Bau der Antennen bei den Männchen, der zu den sekundären Geschlechtsmerkmalen gehört. Die Gattungen Dictenidia, Ctenophora und Tanyptera werden deshalb von ihnen als Untergattungen aufgeführt. Was die Gattung Tanyptera betrifft, soll diese auf Grund von oben aufgeführten Unterschieden nicht nur Gattungsrang bei- behalten sondern sogar als Tribus aufgeführt werden müssen. Solche wirklichen Unterschiede gibt es auch zwischen den Gattungen Dictenidia und Ctenophora. Erstens sind nicht nur die Antennen der Männchen, sondern auch die Antennen der Weibchen auf andere Weise gebaut, weshalb es sich nicht nur um ein sekundäres Geschlechtsmerkmal handeln kann. Überdies: Dictenidia Ctenophora Brustseiten immer nackt immer behaart Flügel der & & oft mit Mikro- fast immer nackt i trichien 9. Sternit und id einfach gebaut mehr oder weniger kompliziert Ovipositor der 9 © gerade etwas gebogen Stigmenfeld der Larve ohne Haarsaum mit Haarsaum Mesothorakale Atmungs- an der Vordersei- beiderseits des hornchen der Puppen te des Körpers Körpers ‚Verbreitung nur palaearktisch holarktisch-orientalisch Deshalb müssen Dictenidia und Ctenophora nicht nur als Untergattungen, sondern als morphologisch und geographisch ziemlich stark voneinander abgegrenzte Gattungen angesehen werden, was übereinstimmt mit den Prinzipien 122 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 5, 1979 der Einteilung der Tipulidae in infrafamiliare Taxa, welche Prinzipien in dieser Arbeit beibehalten werden. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit erfordert die Problematik der polymorphen Gat- tung Tipula, zu der etwa 57% der Arten der Weltfauna und 71% der ukrainischen Arten dieser Familie gehören. Schon Schummel (1833) — die Flügelzeichnung als Basis nehmend — teilte die Gattung Tipula in eine Reihe von Artengruppen auf. Von den späteren Bearbeitern hat Riedel (1913) diese Einteilung trotz ihrer Künstlichkeit übernommen. Erst Edwards (1931) hat — nachdem er die Gattung Tipula in Untergattungen gruppiert hatte — die taxonomischen Grenzen an Hand von Komplexen imaginaler Merkmale wissenschaftlich motiviert. Einige richtig motivierte Untergattungen wurden auch von Bezzi (1924) und Alexander (1924) aufgestellt. Bis in letzte Zeit aber war die Systematik der Gattung Tipula sehr dürftig, weil manche ihrer Untergattungen, wie auch zum Großteil die Gruppen von Schummel und Riedel, morphologisch, ökologisch und phylogenetisch sehr ungleiche und ungleichwertige Elemente vereinigten. Besonders die Untergattung Oreomyza s.l. war sehr heterogen und enthielt nach Alexander (1935, 1942) und Wu (1940) eigentlich eine zufällige Zusammenstellung von oft phylogenetisch weit voneinander entfernten Arten, deren systematische Stellung in der Gattung aus irgendeinem Grund unsicher war. Auf Grund von vergleichend morphologischen Untersuchungen der imaginalen und larvalen Stadien und auch in Anbetracht von Besonderheiten der Ökologie und der Fortpflanzung (Hemmingsen, 1954— 1962) hat der Autor einige neue Un- tergattungen unterschieden, in denen die /uteipennis—autumnalis-Gruppe, rufina—obsoleta—signata-Gruppe, unca-Gruppe, variipennis—irrorata-Gruppe, Juncea-Gruppe und flavolineata-Gruppe untergebracht sind, und den Umfang einiger anderer Untergattungen näher präzisiert; diese letzten Untergattungen waren schon von Edwards für die oleracea—paludosa-Gruppe, die variicornis- Gruppe und die /ateralis—pruinosa-Gruppe aufgestellt worden (Savtshenko, 1961, 1964). Neue Untergattungen für die bidens—stigmatella-Gruppe und die bistilata- Gruppe wurden in der letzten Zeit motiviert von Mannheims (Mannheims & Pechlaner, 1963) aufgestellt, der auch die Richtigkeit der Namen mancher schon früher beschriebener Untergattungen überprüfte. Alexander (1965) stellte eine Untergattung auf für einige asiatische Arten, zu denen auch die europäische saginata Bergroth paßt. Der neuen Klassifikation entsprechend ist die Gattung Tipula in der ukra- inischen Fauna vertreten durch 16 Untergattungen: Platytipula Matsumura, Schummelia Edwards, Savtshenkia Mannheims, Yamatotipula Matsumura, Acutipula Alexander, Tipula s.str., Mediotipula Pierre, Beringotipula Savtshenko, Pterelachisus Rondani, Oreomyza Pokorny, Lindnerina Mannheims, Vestiplex Bezzi, Lunatipula Edwards, Emodotipula Alexander, Odonatisca Savtshenko und Dendrotipula Savtshenko. 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À in LIBRA RY DEC 4 hae A TIJDSCHRIFT à" VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING INHOUD N. P. van LITH f. — The New World genus Pluto (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Psenini), p. 127—239, = 1-71. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 122, afl. 6 Gepubliceerd 4-XII-1979 WE seggi È 4 er can a 4 A it volk £ SR TEA THE NEW WORLD GENUS PLUTO (HYMENOPTERA, SPHECIDAE, PSENINI) by J.P. VAN LITH + Allard Piersonstraat 28c, Rotterdam With 71 text-figures ABSTRACT A review of the genus Pluto Pate with key to the species is presented. Redescriptions of the forms previously published, first descriptions of some opposite sexes and new distribution data are given. The following new taxa are described: abbreviatus, alphitopus, araguensis, arenivagus cubanus, basifuscus, biformis, castaneipes, colonensis, denticollis, depressus, duckei, emarginatus, evansi, facialis, fritzi, incarina- tus, jugularis, marthae, medius zuliensis, menkei, metanus, nitens, obscurus, occipitalis, punctatellus, pyg- maeus axillaris, rotundus, rufanalis, rugulosus, scytinus, simplicicollis, spangleri, spinicollis, stenopygidialis, stramineipes, strigellus, trilobatus, zonatus. The first review of the genus Pluto Pate (Psenia Malloch) was given by Malloch (1933) in his study on the Psenini of North America. In 1901, Viereck included the two North American species known to him, Mimesa tibialis Cresson and Psen suffusus Fox in his new genus Neofoxia (type species Psen atratus Panzer) together with two species now placed in the genus Psenulus, i.e. Psen frontalis Fox and Psen trisulcus Fox. Malloch (1933) recognized two separate genera, Diodontus Curtis, 1834 (Neofoxia Viereck, now Psenulus Kohl, 1896) and a new genus Psenia, the latter to receive those forms in which “the cubitus of the hind wing is distad of the median transverse vein” (cu-a) as in Diodontus Curtis (Psenulus Kohl) but the “occipital carina is not connected with the carina surrounding the mouth cavity” (hypostomal carina). Malloch in his diagnosis of Psenia rightly mentions the long, downward directed bristly hair on the mid and hind coxa, but some of the other generic characters enumerated by him apply to North American species only. He described or recorded sixteen taxa, including atricornis from the West Indies, but not argentifrons (Cresson) from Cuba. Pate (1937) changed the generic name into Pluto, Psenia being preoccupied by Psenia Stephens, 1829 (a synonym of Psen Latreille, 1796; type species Sphex atra Fabricius, 1793). In 1946, Pate furnished a good redescription of Pluto argentifrons (Cresson) and pointed out that the females from Cuba, which Malloch associated with the males of atricornis Malloch from Puerto Rico, in fact belong to argentifrons. A few years later Krombein (1949) described arenivagus as a new species from North America. Thus far Mexico and South America had yielded very few species. Cameron (1891) published Psen annulipes (female) from Mexico, Psen medius was described 127 128 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 6, 1979 by Smith (1856) and Psen Smithii by Fox (1898), both after males collected in Brazil, and Psenulus (Neofoxia) Townsendi by Cockerell (1911) from Peru. Bohart & Menke (1976) assigned these four species to the genus Pluto. To Brethes (1913) we owe the descriptions of two species from Argentina, namely Psen Jörgenseni (male) and the female of Gorytes pygmaeus. We should be grateful to Mr. M. A. Fritz, Buenos Aires, who recognized this latter specimen as a Psenine wasp. He and Dr. M. J. Viana of the Museum at Buenos Aires kindly enabled me to study the types of both species. Up till now little attention was paid to South American Pluto. It is therefore with great pleasure that I express my gratitude to the many entomologists who allowed me to study their Psenini. Over 1900 specimens of Pluto could be examined including many from the Neotropical Region. This study resulted in the description of 22 new species and two new subspecies from South America, 13 new species from Central America, Mexico and the southern states of the United States and one new subspecies from Cuba. Most of the known species are redescribed and first descriptions of some opposite sexes are also given. The genus Pluto now includes 59 species and three subspecies. The institutions and entomologists who entrusted me their material are mentioned below, preceded by the abbreviations used for their collections: AMNH — American Museum of Natural History, New York, N.Y., U.S.A.; J. G. Rozen, Jr. and Mrs. M. Favreau BISH — Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A.; Miss A. Manning, F. J. Radovsky BM — British Museum (Natural History), Department of Entomology, London, U.K.; L. A. Mound, C. R. Vardy BSM — Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates, Munich, Germany; E. Diller CAS — California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.; P. H. Arnaud, Jr., Mrs. Helen Court CIS — California Insect Survey Collection, University of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.; J. A. Powell CNC — Canada National Collection, Entomology Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; J. Barron, L. Masner, C. M. Yoshimoto CSC — California State Collection of Arthropods, Sacramento, California, U.S.A.; M.S. Wasbauer CU — Cornell University, Department of Entomology and Limnology, Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.A.; L. A. Pechuman, A. C. Miller FAG — Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium; J. Leclercq FSC — Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A.; E. E. Grissell HT — H. and M. Townes collection, American Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. IML — Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucumän, Argentina; J. A. Haedo, A. Willink VAN LITH: New World Pluto 129 KU — Snow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A.; C. D. Michener, G. W. Byers KVK — Collection K. V. Krombein, now donated to the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. MACN — Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires, Argentina; M. J. Viana, M. A. Fritz MCZ — Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; Ms. J.C. White, Ms. M. K. Thayer MF — M.A. Fritz collection, Buenos Aires, Argentina ML — Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, The Netherlands; J. van der Vecht, C. van Achterberg, C. van Heijningen NMW — Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria; M. Fischer NCSU — North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C., U.S.A.; D. L. Stephan OSU — Oregon State University, Entomological Museum, Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A.; G. R. Ferguson (including G. R. Ferguson collection) RS — Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden; S. Erlandsson UCD — University of California, Department of Entomology, Davis, Califor- nia, U.S.A.; R. M. Bohart UFP — Universidade Federal do Parana, Departamento de Zoologia, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; J.S. Moure USNM — National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Wash- ington, D.C., U.S.A.; K. V. Krombein, A. S. Menke UZM — Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela; via A. S. Menke ZMB — Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany; E. Konigsmann ZMC — Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark; O. Lomholdt I am grateful to Mrs. Drs. Carol van Driel-Murray, Leiderdorp, for her willingness to read and correct the English text of the introductory parts of this article. Pluto Pate, 1937 Psenia Malloch, 1933, type species Mimesa tibialis Cresson, 1872, original designation, nec Psenia Ste- phens, 1829. i Pluto Pate, 1937, new name for Psenia Malloch; Krombein, 1951; Gittins, 1969. A good generic diagnosis has been given by Bohart and Menke (1976). Bohart also refers to the distinctive downward directed long bristle on the lower hind margin of the hind coxae; this bristle is most conspicuous in the female and Bohart calls it the most diagnostic and unique feature of Pluto. The bristle on the mid coxa is shorter. The clypeal margin is indeed generally relatively simple but the female of the Mexican clavicornis (Malloch) has a peculiar snoutlike protruding clypeus and the females of at least a few South A merican species (P. joergenseni (Brèthes), 130 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 6, 1979 P. facialis sp. nov.) have either strongly protruding lateral clypeal teeth or an unusually deeply emarginate clypeal apex. The hypo-epimeral area, as well as the mesopleura and the scutum may be coarsely rugose or smooth and shining. The tyloidea, usually present on most of the antennal segments of the male, may offer good differential characters. They are mostly long and linear, sometimes more or less oval, rarely partly absent on some of the median segments or indistinct on the whole flagellum. In P. clavicornis the antennae are clavate like the antennae of a female and there are no distinct tyloidea. Although the genitalia of the male have been insufficiently studied, the drawings in this paper of the genitalia of a few species show that they are very uniform and I do not expect that they will be of much use to facilitate identification. The pygidial area of the female shows very little differentiation; its structure leads to the conclusion that all Pluto species nest in the soil. Very little is known with certainty about their biology. Most of the notes on the labels relate to the flowers visited. Evans (1959) described the larva of P. albifacies (Malloch) and in 1968 the nests as well as the prey, which consisted of nymphs (%) and adults of the small green leafhopper Opsius stactogalus Fieber. A few females of P. littoralis (Malloch) and a female of P. punctatellus sp. nov. have been collected together with their prey, which also consisted of small Jassids. In the descriptions the term “‘intercarinal space” indicates the distance between the ventral part of the occipital carina and the posterior part of the hypostomal carina. In some species this space exceeds the width of the basitarsus of the fore legs; usually, however, it is much narrower, rarely the carinae are almost touching. In one or two species the occipital carina does not reach the midventral line, or this carina, at least the lower part of it, is unusually high. The ratio between OOD (distance between posterior ocelli and the oculi) and POD (distance between posterior ocelli) has been roughly indicated. The tempora are usually finely striate, sometimes very finely so. The term “pronotal collar” has been used for the pubescent dorsal part of the pronotum behind the transverse carina. The anterior scutellar suture is usually crenulate, rarely somewhat indistinctly so; in the group of P. pygmaeus (pygmaeus (Brethes), pygmaeus axillaris subsp. nov. and facialis sp. nov.) this suture is simple. The latero-dorsal rows of very short hairs on the petiole are sometimes indistinct, laterally and ventrally the petiole has a number of long erect hairs; the hind margins of the sternites show some long backward directed bristles. For the figures of the clypeal margin the position of the axis of the microscope (x 30) was perpendicular to the surface of the clypeal disk. As the clypeus is more or less convex, the apical margin may — when seen in ventral aspect — seem to be -more emarginate than when seen in frontal aspect and the lateral corners or teeth of the projecting median part may seem to be sharper. RELATIONSHIPS An attempt has been made here to split up the genus into species-groups. Many of the species have a very uniform appearance and sometimes closely related VAN LITH: New World Pluto 131 forms are not easily distinguished. A few groups, however, show distinct special- ization. In the South American group of pygmaeus the axillae are not connected with the disk of the scutellum and they project freely backwards. In P. joergenseni the metanotum is peculiarly raised in the middle, especially in the male; the anterior margin of the labrum of the female differs from that of other species. As some species exhibit considerable sexual dimorphism and in many cases the opposite sex is unknown, the arrangement of the species as given below can be no more than a tentative one. Moreover, our knowledge of the geographic distribution of some forms is very incomplete and any decision concerning their status as a distinct species or geographic subspecies may be difficult. In the enumeration of the species belonging to each group the numbers of specimens examined for this study are also mentioned. Group of longiventris Characterized in both sexes by the coarsely rugose mesopleura, the female moreover by the lateral pronotal lobes and the male by its large oval tyloidea. longiventris (Malloch) — 19 9 and 65 Z; Arizona, California; Mexico Group of angulicornis Antennal tyloidea of males, in as far as they are known, short and mostly oval, in P. angulicornis more or less angular in lateral view. In P. suffusus, which may belong to a separate group, the tyloidea are small and oval. Clypeal margin of female straight or rounded. Propodeum of female usually finely reticulato-carinate. Mesopleura in both sexes usually reticulate alutaceous and punctate. Petiole of female usually about half as long as first tergite, in a few species nearly as long as this tergite. Intercarinal space of P. suffusus broad. Perhaps P. abbreviatus also belongs to this group; the males of this species have short, somewhat linear tyloidea. angulicornis (Malloch) — 59 and 5 Z; Texas, Iowa, Louisiana, New Mexico pallidistigma (Malloch) — 29 and8 g; Arizona, California, Texas basifuscus sp. nov. — 16 9 and 26 G'; Arizona, California, Texas, New Mexico; Mexico minutus (Malloch) — 29, d unknown; Texas spangleri sp. nov. — 42 Q and 48 Z; Arizona, Texas; Mexico; Guatemala brevipetiolatus (Rohwer) — 29, unknown; California rotundus sp: nov. — 19, unknown; Florida suffusus (Fox) — 41 9 and 82 g; Arizona, California, Florida, New Mexico, South Carolina, Texas; Mexico biformis sp. nov. — l g, 9 unknown; Mexico 132 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 6, 1979 Group of texanus Tyloidea indistinct or absent on antennal segments 8—10 of male. Clypeal margin of female weakly bisinuate. Mesopleura reticulate alutaceous, punctate. Hypo-epimeral area striate. P. littoralis seems to be the eastern relative of the Texan species. texanus (Malloch) — 29 and2 9; Texas littoralis (Malloch) — 17 9 and 23 g; Florida, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina Group of sayi Tyloidea of males, as far as known, linear. Clypeal margin of female weakly emarginate or bisinuate. Mesopleura reticulate alutaceous and punctate, rarely shining. Hypo-epimeral area finely punctate, often somewhat shining. Back of propodeum, also in the males of some species (sayi, abbreviatus, depressus) finely - reticulate. P. abbreviatus may have to be transferred to the group of angulicornis, as its tyloidea are more elongate oval than linear. sayi (Rohwer) — 87 © and 291 g; Alabama, Arizona, California, District of Columbia, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Tex- as, Virginia; Mexico; Cuba; El Salvador; Nicaragua stenopygidialis sp. nov. — 29, unknown; Arizona Jugularis sp. nov. — 19, unknown; Brazil punctatellus sp. nov. — 12 @ and 29 Z; Mexico; Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala depressus sp. nov. — 6, 2 unknown; Mexico abbreviatus sp. nov. — 39 and2 Z; Mexico Group of aerofacies Tyloidea of male linear. Clypeal margin of female slightly rounded or weakly emarginate. Back of propodeum coarsely reticulato-carinate in both sexes. Mesopleura reticulate alutaceous. aerofacies (Malloch) — 6 9 and9 g; Texas; Mexico; Belize evans! sp. nov. — 39 and l 3; Mexico emarginatus sp. nov. — 19, & unknown; Mexico Group of rufibasis Tyloidea of male linear. Clypeal margin of female somewhat rounded. Scutum and mesopleura very coarsely rugose and shining in both sexes. VAN LITH: New World Pluto 133 rufibasis (Malloch) — 21 9 and 41 &; Florida, Georgia, Louisi- ana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Caro- lina, South Carolina, Virginia Group of albifacies Tyloidea of male linear. Clypeal margin of female somewhat rounded. Mesopleura dull, moderately densely punctate. Hypo-epimeral area dull, densely finely punctate. albifacies (Malloch) — 149 and4 4; Iowa, Texas Group of tibialis Tyloidea of male linear, dark. Clypeal margin of female almost straight. Mesopleura reticulate alutaceous, moderately densely punctate, of male of arenivagus sometimes densely punctate. Hypo-epimeral area striate. tibialis (Cresson) — 18 9 and 32 Z; Alabama, Florida, District of Columbia, Louisiana, Missouri, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia arenivagus arenivagus Krombein — ll © and 6 g; Florida, Georgia, North Carolina arenivagus cubanus subsp. nov. — 1 9, unknown; Cuba Group of argentifrons Tyloidea of male linear. Clypeal margin of female weakly emarginate or bisinuate. Mesopleura dull, usually densely or very densely finely punctate, especially so in the males. argentifrons (Cresson) — 24 © and 57 g; Cuba; Jamaica; Mexico; Nicaragua atricornis (Malloch) — 4 Q and 12 Z; Puerto Rico; Dominican Republic; Virgin Islands; Leeward Islands alphitopus sp. nov. — 19 and 5 4; Mexico castaneipes sp. nov. — 2, 9 unknown; New Mexico, Texas rugulosus sp. nov. — lg, 9 unknown; Texas colonensis sp. nov. — 19, g unknown; Argentina fritzi sp. nov. — 19 and 3 g; Ecuador medius medius (F. Smith) — 5 9 and 17 Z; Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Surinam medius zuliensis subsp. nov. — 39 © and 2 Z; Venezuela; Curacao scytinus sp. nov. — 19, unknown; Venezuela stramineipes sp. nov. — 10 9 and 20 Z; Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil strigellus sp. nov. — 29,3 unknown; Argentina 134 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 6, 1979 Group of clavicornis Antennae of male clavate, no distinct tyloidea. Clypeus of female strongly protruding, snoutlike. Mesopleura very finely reticulate alutaceous, almost shining, no distinct punctures. clavicornis (Malloch) — 6 © and 141 3; Arizona; Mexico Group of townsendi Antennae of male relatively long and slender, tyloidea not always distinct. : Clypeal margin of female weakly emarginate. Mesopleura somewhat dull, indistinctly punctate. All species belonging to this group are South American. townsendi (Cockerell) — 13 9 and 25 g; Peru; Ecuador marthae sp. nov. — 8 Q and Il Z; Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru metanus sp. nov. — 39 and2 4; Colombia Group of nitens Tyloidea of male linear or absent, but most of the males are still unknown. Thorax shining, smooth or very finely sparsely punctate, mesopleura rarely very finely alutaceous. The females of P. occipitalis and P. spinicollis have sharp lateral pronotal angles. The female of P. trilobatus is distinguished from other species by the distinctly tridentate clypeal margin. The males of P. rufanalis, P. araguensis and P. incarinatus have indistinct or no tyloidea. All species are South American. nitens sp. nov. — 30 © and 30 Z; Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Paraguay; Peru; Surinam; Venezuela duckei sp. nov. — 29, unknown; Brazil obscurus sp. nov. — 1 9, unknown; Argentina zonatus sp. nov. — 2 9, unknown; Brazil simplicicollis sp. nov. — 19, g unknown; Brazil menkei sp. nov. — occipitalis Sp. nov. — spinicollis sp. nov. — 1 ©, & unknown; Venezuela | 4 trilobatus sp. nov. — 6 5 3 | ©, g unknown; Peru ©, d unknown; Brazil; Panama © and 3 g; Ecuador, Peru, Surinam rufanalis sp. nov. — 5 © and 28 4; Peru araguensis SP. NOV. — 39 d, incarinatus sp. nov. _ and 3 g; Venezuela © unknown; Venezuela Group of annulipes Large species, pronotal collar with large lateral lobes or projections. Tyloidea of male linear. Clypeal margin of female weakly emarginate or weakly quadridentate. VAN LITH: New World Pluto 135 Mesopleura smooth and shining. P. annulipes and P. smithii are very closely related and may be conspecific; P. smithii seems to have many geographic forms. annulipes (Cameron) — 21 92 and 9 Z; Mexico; Costa Rica; El Salvador smithii (Fox) — 30 © and 45 Z; Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Panama Canal Zone; Paraguay; Surinam; Venezuela denticollis sp. nov. — 1 9, unknown; Peru Group of pygmaeus Axillae posteriorly free, inner side not connected with scutellum. Anterior suture of scutellum without distinct carinae (not crenulate). Tyloidea of male linear. Mesopleura almost smooth. Clypeal margin of female weakly emarginate in P. pygmaeus and its subspecies axillaris, in P. facialis the clypeus of the female is deeply emarginate, the median part of the clypeus of the male is also raised and protruding. pygmaeus pygmaeus (Brethes) — 76 9 and 31 &; Argentina; Bolivia; Peru pygmaeus axillaris subsp. nov. — 33 © and 19 g, Bolivia; Brazil; British Guyana; Colombia; Surinam facialis sp. nov. — 19 and9 g; Colombia Group of joergenseni Metanotum raised in the middle, forming two “wings”, notably in the male. Tyloidea of male linear. Clypeus of female with large lateral teeth, those of the male too are relatively large. Labrum of female with many small teeth on anterior margin (fig. 68), labrum of male (fig. 69) with four blunt teeth only. Mesopleura reticulate alutaceous, punctate. joergenseni (Brethes) — 44 © and 46 3; Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Paraguay Key to the species of the genus Pluto 1. Females (unknown: biformis, castaneipes, depressus, incarinatus and EIS ER EN AD IMs ROM. Mave Siac On acl dba elon. al pea 2 — Males (unknown: arenivagus cubanus, brevipetiolatus, colonensis, denticollis, duckei, emarginatus, jugularis, menkei, minutus, obscurus, occipitalis, rotundus, scytinus, simplicicollis, spinicollis, stenopygidialis, strigellus and zonatus) .. 60 2. Lateral pronotal angles with long elongate-lobular projection. Clypeal margin almost straight. Mesopleura and scutum smooth, sparsely finely punctate. Petiole about as long as tergite 1. Gaster black, at most hind margin of tergite distiicthy reds Bengt lO 13mm Ue. LA LOA Ra ESS, 3 136 ER oo TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 6, 1979 Lateral pronotal angles not long elongate-lobular, at most with equilateral- triangular projection and then clypeal margin not straight, or pronotal projections small and tergites |—3 red. Smaller ............... 130 Basitarsus and second tarsal segment of hind legs whitish. At least outer side of fore tibiae black, base ivory-white on outer side, foreside reddish-brown. Base of hind tibiae largely whitish. Pronotal tubercles dark brown or black. Gaster black. Face pale golden. Mexico; Costa Rica; El Salvador ....... A wich Elica ee FS eee ne annulipes (Cameron) (p. 224) Hind basitarsus and segments 2—3 or 2—4 of hind tarsi whitish. Outer side of fore tibiae entirely reddish or with dark streak on posterior surface only, foreside often yellowish. Base of hind tibiae with many small, brownish thorns (except in Argentine form C). Pronotal tubercles reddish or reddish-yellow, rarely brown or black. Narrow hind margin of tergite 1 sometimes reddish. Face golden. Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Panama Canal Zone; Paraguay; Surinam, Venezuelan won ern smithii (Fox) (p.226): Upper part of mesopleura with some longitudinal rugae, lower part sparsely punctate. Hypo-epimeral area rugoso-punctate. Scutum shining, sparsely punctate. Lateral pronotal angles sharp in dorsal view; pronotal tubercles whitish. Petiole about half as long as tergite 1. Intercarinal space as wide as fore basitarsus. Gaster black, margins of tergites reddish transparent. Underside of flagellum pale yellowish. Hind tarsi whitish. Face silvery. Length 9—9.5 mm, Arizona, California; Mexico. Mer ee RER SE ON ren Ia longiventris (Malloch) (p. 154) Upper part of mesopleura not coarsely rugose, or mesopleura rugoso- punctate and also scutum with coarse rugae or hind tarsi dark brown. Smaller! o a al a aa NE DÌ Clypeus with long snoutlike projection, apex bidentate. Lateral pronotal angles sharp. Mesopleura very finely alutaceous, sparsely finely punctate. Petiole about as long as tergite 1. Gaster black, pronotal tubercles whitish, all tarsi yellowish. Arizona; Mexico ........ clavicornis (Malloch) (p. 206) Clypeus:inotimuchisnoutlike protuuding REE 6 Clypeal margin widely emarginate, large lateral teeth. Intercarinal space much broader than fore basitarsus. Mesopleura finely alutaceous, scutum sparsely punctate, mesopleura more densely so, interstices here a few times size of punctures. Metanotum laterally somewhat depressed. Petiole about as long as tergite 1. Hind margin of tergite | and all of tergite 2 red. Hind tarsal segments | —4 yellowish-white. Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Paraguay ..... A eRe ED EENS joergenseni (Brethes) (p. 235) Clypeal margin at most with small teeth or lobes, sometimes more or less deeply emarginate;it ir ts DR Fila. AEN ENEN 7 Axillae posteriorly not connected with scutellum. Back of propodeum coarsely reticulato-carinate; enclosure with large median area. Petiole about as long-as'tergitedl: Gasterblack fais hats sel 8 Axillae posteriorly normally connected with scutellum ........... 10 Clypeal margin thick, very deeply, almost rectangularly emarginate, exposing VAN LITH: New World Pluto 137 labrum. Back of propodeum very coarsely reticulate, carinae high, enclosure deep. Dorsal half of mesopleura finely alutaceous, sparsely finely punctate. Hind tarsi brown. Face pale golden or yellowish-silvery pubescent. Colom AREN AA ETE facialis sp. nov. (p. 234) Clypeal margin not unusually deeply emarginate. Propodeal carinae moral Ee air HO eol Nam Ba mm LRT en. LO GE, 9 Scutum on anterior part, scutellum and mesopleura slightly alutaceous. Mesopleura and scutum also sparsely finely punctate, scutellum more densely so. Back of head somewhat alutaceous. Clypeal margin slightly emarginate with distinct small lateral angles. Hind tarsal segments except apices brown. Face usually silvery, sometimes golden pubescent. Argentina; Bolivia; Bet BEI te BANEN DRAN LE pygmaeus pygmaeus (Brethes) (p. 230) Scutum and scutellum smooth and shining, sparsely finely punctate, interstices on scutellum a few times size of punctures. Mesopleura slightly or not alutaceous. Back of head smooth and shining. Clypeal margin almost straight, no distinct lateral angles. Hind tarsi brown or yellowish-brown. Face usually silvery, rarely golden. Bolivia; Brazil; British Guyana; Colombia; SIRIA EB SIRIO. pygmaeus axillaris subsp. nov. (p. 233) Face golden, rarely silvery. Tergite 2 or tergites 2—3 red. Clypeal margin with small lateral teeth and more or less distinct median tooth. Vertex with broad transverse depression between ocelli and oculi. Mesopleura finely alutaceous, rarely shining, and very finely punctate. Propodeum coarsely reticulate. Betiole as long asitergitenle titan Ua MN wal gio! Bang lei ae sek, Il Notallthesecharacters combined least. 12312 25 ato 39228. 12 Face golden (silvery in females from Argentina and Bolivia). Median clypeal tooth indistinct. Hind margin of tergite 1, all of tergite 2 and sides of tergite 3, or all of tergites 2—3 red. Labrum reddish. Apical 2/3 of hind basitarsus yellowish-white. Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Surinam ............... EEE Peri a NA Prise) Viole medius medius (Smith) (p. 200) Face deep golden. Median clypeal tooth more distinct. Tergite 1 except for two black marks, all of tergites 2—3 and sides of tergite 4 red. Labrum black. Hind tarsi almost entirely dark brown. Curacao; Venezuela ........... Re RE ho GA. HO. Lets medius zuliensis subsp. nov. (p. 202) Mesopleura including hind margin and hypo-epimeral area shining or superficially alutaceous (x 30), hind margin of mesopleura not rugulose or coriaceous, at most with some shining short rugae. Hind tarsal segments 1—4 brown or reddish-yellow, rarely whitish. Punctation of mesopleura very fine and sparse or very indistinct and mesopleura densely pubescent; if punctation more distinct then lateral pronotal angles very sharp and hind tarsal segments whitish (cf. araguensis). Intercarinal space not wider than fore basitarsus. 13 Mesopleura usually distinctly alutaceous and/or punctate or coarsely rugoso- punctate; if very finely punctate or somewhat shining, then punctation close or hind margin rugulose or coriaceous, or lateral pronotal angles not very sharp or hind tarsal segments 1—4 whitish. Intercarinal space sometimes widenthamtoresbasitarsuss Hi 990 AMEDEE. EINEN. YO. SIs 28 138 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 6, 1979 Clypeal margin more or less trilobate or tridentate, median tooth sometimes very small. Occipital carina not connected with hypostomal carina. Scutum and scutellum dull. Mesopleura smooth and shining, impunctate or indistinctly punctate. Petiole as long as tergite 1 or slightly longer. Pronotal tubercles and easter black \hind\tais brown EE A Ee. te Ban. Er; mer 271 Lateral pronotal angles obtuse. Median part of clypeal margin with distinct narrow shining depression, very slightly widely emarginate. Back of propodeum almost dull, with long parallel carinae; enclosure shining. Frons not distinctly raised before anterior ocellus. Hind tarsi brown, at least segments 2—5. Face silvery. Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Ecuador; Paraguay: Ben2Surmanm:Venezuelanr tom ont aie Shon os nitens sp.nov. (p.210) Lateral pronotal angles sharp or rectangular, not distinctly protruding. Clypeal margin with four indistinct lobes or nearly straight. Frons distinctly 140 26. 27. 28. Zon 30. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 6, 1979 raised around anterior ocellus. Back of propodeum somewhat shining, coarsely reticulato-carinate, dorso-laterally with some oblique carinae . 26 Antennal segments 9—11 shorter than broad. Clypeal margin with four indistinct lobes. Underside of flagellum orange. Hind tarsi reddish, segments 2—4 slightly darkened. Fore tibiae entirely yellowish-red. Face pale golden. Male unknown Brazil 2... ayo er simplicicollis sp. nov. (p.215) Antennal segments 9—11 distinctly longer than broad. Clypeal margin straight. Flagellum except for underside of last segment blackish-brown. Foreside of fore tibiae reddish-brown. Hind tibiae including base and all of hind tarsi dark brown. Face silvery appressed pubescent and also with long erect brownish hairs. Larger, about 9.5 mm. Male unknown. Argentina .... MCDM Er Ae IS NO ORTI NIRO obscurus sp. nov. (p.214) Lateral pronotal angles sharp, in antero-lateral view distinctly protruding. Lateral parts of occipital carina broadened, transparent, in dorsal view as high as pubescence of tempora. Median part of clypeal margin not depressed, reddish. Hind tarsal segments 1—4 yellowish, apices somewhat brown. Face silvery: Male:unknown. Perú Ut. ie va. occipitalis sp. nov. (p.217) Lateral pronotal angles rectangular. Occipital carina of normal height. Median part of clypeal margin distinctly depressed. Last tergite reddish. Hind tarsal segments 1—4 whitish. Face pale golden. Peru ................ TOI RENE a MER ras ee rufanalis sp. nov. (p.220). Mesopleura entirely distinctly and closely finely punctate, interstices smaller than punctures, sometimes interstices below somewhat larger or middle part finely striato-punctate. If mesopleura almost indistinctly punctate and striate and tergite 2 red, cf. strigellus. Petiole between half and 3/5 length of tergite 1, if longer, then cf. albifacies, No. 55. Face silvery ................ 29 Mesopleura with interstices at least on upper part largely about size of punctures or larger, or upper part of mesopleura more coarsely punctate, rugoso-punctate or rugulose, or face more or less golden or petiole longer wii ae QR Tai. AEN Se EUD EEEN 34 Pronotal tubercles black. Face pale golden. Gaster black. Hind tarsal segments I—4 yellowish-brown, segments |—3 with darker base. Mesopleura dull, densely finely punctate, upper part also finely striate. Propodeum dull, dorsal half with fine oblique carinae. Mexico .. alphitopus sp.nov. (p. 195) Pronotal tubercles whitish. Face silvery eeN 30 Gaster black, at most sides and hind margins of tergites 2—3 and of sternites 2=S TOR. a ik er Go ae aes eae ee eon ANNE SAR EEE 31 Atleasttergite'2ientirelyirediet. terre er 32 Hind tarsi whitish. Mesopleura dull, distinctly finely punctate, interstices on lower part often larger than punctures. Petiole about 2/3 length of tergite 1. Argentina; Bolivia: Brazile sole ee oe stramineipes sp.nov. (p. 204) Hind tarsi brown. Mesopleura very densely finely punctate, partly striato- punctate. Scutum distinctly but finely, not sparsely punctate. Petiole about half length tergite 1. Cuba; Jamaica; Nicaragua; Mexico ............. oats, oa an Re ep eke argentifrons (Cresson) (p. 192) 321 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. VAN LITH: New World Pluto 141 Scutum shining, central part sparsely finely punctate. Upper half of mesopleura dull, very finely almost indistinctly punctate and extremely finely longitudinally striate; lower half somewhat shining, interstices about size of punctures. Apical half of tergite 1, all of tergite 2 and most of tergite 3 red. Hind tarsi brown. Male unknown. Argentina ... strigellus sp. nov. (p. 205) Scutum more densely or strongly punctate. Punctation of mesopleura fine but SHC Strates. als tesa lege am arte nml 33 Scutum densely and regularly finely punctate. Clypeal margin slightly emarginate, somewhat depressed with trace of median tooth. Mesopleura dull, very closely and finely punctate. Hind tarsi yellowish, very slightly brownish darkened. Hind margin of tergite 1 and all of tergites 2—3 red. Male maknewn Venezuela: no catia; ar. scytinus sp. nov. (p. 203) Scutum strongly punctate, hind margin rugulose. Clypeal margin weakly emarginate, no trace of median tooth. Mesopleura dull, densely, somewhat stronger punctate. Hind tarsi brown, apices paler. Hind margin of tergite 1, all of tergite 2 and base of 3 red. Male unknown. Argentina ............. EEE Ann Hie ersten. alt colonensis sp. nov. (p. 198) Scutum and scutellum with strong, shining, irregular rugae and also strongly punctate. Mesopleura dull, upper half at least anteriorly coarsely rugoso- punctate, punctures large, lower half not rugose and interstices larger than punctures. Petiole red or black, nearly as long as tergite 1. At least tergite 2 and hind margins of following segments more or less red, sometimes tergites 1—2 entirely red. Tarsal segments 1—4 whitish-yellow. Face pale golden. Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolin VAT SINE

s lb CUIb == n P pa == pterostigma (normally absent) pt pt pt metacarpella mc : RI RI transverse radiellan vein| rqu r r 2 3-SR radiella r SRI { SRI transverse cubitellan vein cuqu | 2-SR 2r-m === cuqu 2 r-m == 1-SR+M 6 2-SR+M cubitella cu 2-M 2-M 3-M postnervellus pn == m-cu radiellan cell R marginal cell marginal cell (1) cubitellan cell CU Ist, 2nd, 3rd submarginal|cells submarginal cell (2) discoidellan cell D Ist, 2nd discal cells discal cell (3) = B Ist, 2nd subdiscal cells subdiscal cell (4) costellan cell C costal cell costal cell (5) mediellan cell M basal cell basal cell (6) submediellan cell SM subbasal cell subbasal cell (7) (v)anellan cell or lobe A plical cell plical cell or (8) lobe Oriental regions. The genus Zele is (as shown by the character-states of the species) of Holarctic origin and its largest speciation has taken place there. The situation in Homolobus is more complicated. There are two subgenera, Phylacter Reinhard and Homolobus Foerster, which have restricted distributions. Phylacter is restricted to the Palaearctic region, with one species in the intermediate area between the Palaearctic and Oriental regions. The subgenus Homolobus is restricted to the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions, and, considering the distribution of the apomorphous character-states among the species, it has also a Palaearctic origin. The subgenus Apatia Enderlein has its centre of speciation in the Afrotropical region, where also the species with the largest number of plesiomorphous character-states occur. The only species outside the Afrotropical region with a peculiar plesiomorphous character-state (viz., the presence of vein r in the hind wing) is H. (A.) elagabalus (Nixon) from the Oriental region. Three other species of Apatia show a remarkably wide distribution. This distribution may have resulted (partly) from human activities, but this seems unlikely, because, e.g., a species (H. (A.) australiensis) may have evolved in Australia from H. (A.) ophioninus (Vachal), itself probably originating from Africa. Another curious distribution is shown by a species of the new subgenus Chartolobus; H. (C.) infumator (Lyle) occurs in the Holarctic region, but has also reached the Neotropical (viz., the Andes) and the Oriental regions. Or, if considered to originate from the Oriental regioa, it has 250 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Table 2, Number of revised species occurring in only one zoogeographical region. % % È à © si à (Sub)genus = S a È a è 9 me rQ + à D e ‘A S) 9 DI O <= S S + "A + md 3 or È . eN + iy © > S N È Baal ie nn nn Si x S mS À S 5 N = Palaearctic (Himalayan = = = 3 3 5 = 3 n area included) Nearctic - - - - - 4 3 - Neotropical 2 - - - - 4 - 2 l Afrotropical - 9 - 4 = = È = = Oriental (Himalayan = area excluded) - _ = 1 => Australian - ] 1 dispersed to the Holarctic and Neotropical regions. The origin of Chartolobus may be in the Oriental region, but this is uncertain with the information available at present. The new subgenus Oulophus is a relatively large group of species, including species with comparatively large number of plesiomorphous character- states, which occur in the South Nearctic and East Palaearctic areas. This may reflect the original Holarctic primary speciation of this group. Unfortunately, there are no fossil remains known of the Homolobinae to test the suggestions put forward in this papier. The new genus Exasticolus contains two sparsely collected Neotropical species and one widely distributed and rather common species, which has penetrated the Nearctic as far as Canada from the Neotropical region. The origin of Charmon Haliday is uncertain, but it may originate from the Palaeotropics, from where it occupied the Palaearctic and, subsequently, the Nearctic regions. Some support for this hypothesis lies in the absence of Charmon in the Neotropical region and its presence in New Guinea. The new species from New Guinea shows a plesiomorphous condition of the wing venation, if compared with both other species. Interesting is the presence of the closely related new genus Charmontia in Chile with a larger number of plesiomorphous character- statesthan Charmon. PHYLOGENY In constructing a phylogenetic classification it is necessary to find synapomorphous character-states. The terms apomorphous and plesiomorphous character-states are here used to indicate, respectively, a comparatively high or low degree of divergence from an ancestral state in respect to each other. The first object has to be the defining of monophyletic groups and their sister-groups by synapomorphous character-states. The interpretation of the relative apo- and VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 251 Table 3. Number of revised species occurring in more than one zoogeographical region. È 9 S à 9 S Q +) à 8 IS È S (Sub)genus IS aS ES NR È sii ined region È = È N pom Ê B = LS) © S N Holarctic = = = 1 2 New World | = = I = = Holarctic, Neotropical & Oriental = l 1 = = - Holarctic & Afrotropical = = = = 2 = Afrotropical, Palaearctic & Australian = | = = = = Indo-Australian = = il = Holarctic & Oriental = a = = Palaearctic, Afrotropical & Oriental = 1 = = +) The subgenera not mentioned are restricted to one zoogeographical region. plesiomorphous character-states is based on the general hypotheses of the evolution in the Hymenoptera (as compiled by Königsmann, 1976—1978) and in the Braconidae (Van Achterberg, 1976b). The synapomorphous character-states of the sister-groups Homolobinae and Orgilinae combined (group E, Van Achterberg, 1976b: 51) are: 1—vein a of fore wing absent; 2—vein m-cu of fore wing far antefurcal; 3—labial sclerite of larvae transverse; 4—epistomal arch and hypostoma of larvae absent; 5—endoparasites of larvae of Lepidoptera; 6—tendency to loose the dorsal carinae of the Ist tergites. The synapomorphous character-states of the Homolobinae (Homolobini and Charmontini combined) are: I—antescutal depression present; a character-state found almost exclusively in the Homolobinae as defined in this papier but see note below about the Agathidinae; 2—Ist tergite more or less narrowed behind the spiracles, a tendency also present in the Orgilinae (e.g., genus Microtypus); 3—|st discal cell of fore wing (sub)sessile and vein 1-SR absent or nearly so, but shortly developed in the genus Charmontia (fig. 892); 4—metapleural flange more or less lamelliform and transparent; 5—prepectal carina (almost always) reaches the anterior margin of the mesopleuron. The apomorphous character-states of the tribe Homolobini, with regard to its sister-group, the tribe Charmontini, are: 1—lateral carina of mesoscutum lamelliform; the plesiomorphous condition in the Ichneumonoidea is probably a weakly developed, non-lamelliform lateral carina; 2—apical segment of antenna with a well developed spine; 3—vein 2A of hind wing absent; 4— mandible twisted apically; 5—vein 2-R1 of fore wing absent. 252 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 The apomorphous character-states of the tribe Charmontini, with regard to its sister-tribe, are: 1—vein r-m of fore wing absent; 2—occipital carina reduced medio-dorsally; 3—claws simple, without a subapical tooth; 4—precoxal suture absent; as pointed out by Konigsmann (1977: 3) the presence of the precoxal suture has to be considered the plesiomorphous condition in the Hymenoptera; 5—middle lobe of mesoscutum more or less truncate anteriorly and with a transverse protruding horizontal part (fig. 60); this resembles the development in the Macrocentrinae, but differences in other characters (e.g., prepectal carina, trochantelli, pronope) indicate that this is very likely a convergent development; 6—marginal cell of hind wing narrowed distally; as shown, e.g., by the hind wing of the saw-fly Macroxyela ferruginea (Say), the plesiomorphous character-state is a medially widened marginal cell; the hind wing of M. ferruginea (Say) is one of the most completely venated hind wings known in the Hymenoptera; 7—absence of the lateral carina of the mesoscutum in front of the tegulae; in the Ichneumonoidea a non-lamelliform carina probably is the plesiomorphous condition; 8—apical margin of clypeus with a more or less developed row of punctures. The apomorphous character-states of the genus Charmon, with regard to its sister-group Charmontia, are: 1—third segment of labial palp reduced; 2—scutellum smooth medio-posteriorly. Because the great majority of the species of the Homolobinae have this area sculptured, it is likely that the reduction of the sculpture is an apomorphous condition in the Charmontini. The apomorphous character-states of the genus Charmontia, with regard to its sister-group, are: 1—claws (except for the apical tooth) straight ventrally; 2— Ist tergite slender (fig. 896); 3—propodeal spiracle situated submedially in propodeum. The apomorphous character-states of the genus Exasticolus, with regard to its sister-group. Homolobus, are: l—inner aspect of apex of hind tibia with a comb of bristles; 2—vein 1-SR+M of fore wing curved distad; 3—tarsi with a weakly developed row of setae ventrally; 4—the selection of Lasiocampidae as hosts, a group of Lepidoptera not attacked by the other Homolobinae according to the available data. The apomorphous character-states of the large diverse genus Homolobus, with regard to its sister-group, are not well to define with the available set of characters. There are some tendencies to apomorphous states (as depicted in fig. 19), which made it possible to divide the genus Homolobus in five subgenera. The isolated position of Exasticolus as a genus (and not as a subgenus of Homolobus) may be caused mainly by the isolation of the parental stock of Exasticolus in South America for a long period, combined with the change to another family of hosts. In sharp contrast the apomorphous character-states of the genus Zele Curtis are as follows: 1—Ist tergite petiolate; 2—spiracle of Ist tergite situated submedially; 3—mesopleuron more or less protruding antero-dorsally; 4—mandible with a pair of (more or less) protruding, thin carinae; S—Ist subdiscal cell of fore wing narrowly open postero-distally because of the reduction of vein CUIb; 6—mandible of larva without teeth, bare; 7—claws with a large submedial lobe; VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 253 8—vein m-cu of fore wing more or less antefurcal; 9—lateral carina of mesoscutum lamelliform; 10—mandible twisted apically; 11—vein a of fore wing absent; 12—metapleural flange more or less lamelliform. It is clear, after comparing both lists of apomorphous character-states of Zele Curtis (= Zemiotes Foerster) and of Homolobus Foerster, respectively, that Zele is not likely to be a sister-group of Homolobus (= Zele auct.) as proposed by Mason (1973). The first seven apomorphous character-states mentioned for Zele Curtis are not shared by Homolobus, but are well matched in at least some of the species of the genus Meteorus Haliday s.s. I do not hesitate to depart from Mason’s view and consider the genus Zele Curtis a sister-group of the genus Meteorus Haliday, both forming the tribe Meteorini Cresson of the subfamily Euphorinae. The argument put forward by Mason (1973) is based on the faulty premise that he considered “the possibility of Zemiotes being ancestral to Meteorus or vice versa”. What really has to be considered, however, is the possibility that Meteorus Haliday s.s. and Zele Curtis (Zemiotes of Mason) have a common ancestor. The group defined by synapomorphous character-states has to include all descendants of this common ancestor, to avoid defining para- and polyphyletic groups. Of the characters used by Mason to unite Zele Curtis and Homolobus Foerster probably not one is an apomorphous character-state! My view is supported by the existence of species of Meteorus which are very close to Zele in all characters used to separate both genera. Mason (1973: 214) argues that because Meteorus and Zele have different combinations of character-states they are not closely related. But, in my opinion, the character-states he uses to separate the two genera are plesiomorphous and cannot be used either to separate the genera upon phylogenetic grounds or to justify their inclusion in different subfamilies. The existence of two closely related genera with different sets of plesiomorphous character-states is easy to accept if a different path of further evolution for both genera (as is most likely) is assumed. The existence of intermediate Meteorus specimens connects both groups. As pointed out by Huddleston (in litt.) at least males of the European Meteorus abdominator (Nees) are intermediate in the degree of setosity of the metasomal tergites. In this species rather wide bands of setae occur in the males, which are almost equal in extent to the bands of setae in smaller species of Zele, e.g., Zele caligatus (Haliday). Also the marginal cell of the hind wing of Meteorus abdominator (Nees) and of a new species from India (DZD) is not distinctly narrowed distad, also showing an intermediate character-state, indicating the relationship of Zele and Meteorus. The anteriorly situated transverse carina of the propodeum (fig. 824) in Zele occurs also in Meteorus s.s., but not in the Homolobinae as defined in this paper. Because of the synapomorphous character-states of the genera Exasticolus and Homolobus on the one hand (the tribus Homolobini) and the genera Charmon and Charmontia on the other (the tribus Charmontini) I consider the two tribes to be sister-groups. The placement of the genus Charmon by previous authors varied; Tobias (e.g., 1976: 31) and Capek (1973: 264) included Charmon in the subfamily Mima- 254 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979. gathidinae (a junior synonym of Orgilinae Ashmead). This was still rejected by Capek in 1969 (p. 308), who included the genus Charmon (as Eubadizon) in his Macrocentrinae basing his conclusion on a detailed study of the larval characters. Additionally the emergence opening of the cocoon is regular in shape by removing a cap at one end of the cocoon in the genera Homolobus and Charmon, while in the Orgilinae s.s. the emergence opening is irregular (Capek, 1970: 853). Actually Capek (1970: 850) considered Macrocentrus, Homolobus (as Zele auct.) and Charmon (as Eubadizon auct. p.p.) to be closely related. As pointed out above, and earlier (Van Achterberg, 1976b: 37), I agree with Capek’s view about a close relationship between Homolobus and Charmon, but I have to disagree about a close relationship with the Macrocentrinae s.s. Most of the complex of synapomorphous character-states of the Macrocentrinae s.s. are not shared by the Homolobinae. Thus the sister-group of the Homolobinae is more likely to be formed by the Orgilinae s.s. (together forming group E of Van Achterberg, 1976b: 51, fig. 123). Both have the larval labial sclerite transverse and the epistomal arch and dorsal part of the hypostoma absent, or at least unsclerotized. The genus with most of the © plesiomorphous character-states in the Orgilinae is Microtypus Ratzeburg. The adults share the following synapomorphous character-states with the Homolobinae: 1—1st tergite somewhat constricted behind the spiracles; 2— reduction of the dorsal carinae of the Ist tergite; 3—reduction of the 3rd labial palp segment; 4—endoparasites of lepidopterous larvae; 5—prepectal carina reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron; 6—apex of antenna with a well developed spine; 7— Ist discal cell of fore wing (sub)sessile or nearly so. The inclusion of the Homolobinae as a tribe in the Helconinae (Watanabe, 1969: 319) is rejected because of differences of larval (Capek, 1970: 853) and adult morphology (Van Achterberg, 1976b: 853), together with differences in their biology. Exceptionally a shallow and narrow antescutal depression, combined with a weak constriction of the Ist tergite behind the spiracles is present in the Agathidinae, but this seems to be a parallelism, because the plesiomorphous character-states are also present in the Agathidinae. Additionally, no convincing set of synapomorphous character-states has yet been found, a necessity to validate the sister-group concept for the Agathidinae and Homolobinae, but further research may reveal such a relationship. The evolution within the tribe Homolobini is fairly complicated. The new genus Exasticolus is easy to separate by two (for the subfamily unique or autapomorphous) character-states, viz., the presence of a hind tibial comb and the curved 1-SR + M in the fore wing. It may reflect the early isolation of the group on the South American continent. Additonal apomorphous character-states are the mainly smooth precoxal suture, the small 3rd labial palp segment and the short ovipositor. Its sister-group, the genus Homolobus Foerster, consists of several subgroups (subgenera) of which the subgenus Apatia Enderlein probably originated first. Remarkable characteristics of Apatia are the simple claws and the phenocline towards loosing the sharp apex of the hind tibial spurs of the males (figs. 709— 713). 255 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 9H91898184 = d :[BIdONOON = N :[eoIdo}o1]y = y :suonerAssgge Futmo][oJ au} Aq poreorpur ase 99e]d uaye} aAey few uoneroods Aiewurid ay} yorym ut suo1daı s1yde18098007 oy | "seurgojowod ay} ur sdiysuone]aI ajgıssod jo wei3801puap ‘61 ‘314 = juasqe adouoad- quasa1d uotsseidep [eInosogue+ quesqe (IsouJe) Sura pury Jo vz+ quesoid Burm 2107 Jo w-ı- rurqoTowon 3U31213S (ISOUTE) BUIM 9107 Jo W+NS-I- quesqe quod TEIQII pury- TUIZUOWLIEYI quasa1d Zum puty JO VZ- quasqe SuIM 2103 JO U-1+ eousurword [eotdeqns YIM SME]O- N ATTRBIQUIA METO 193n0 03 Tenbaur qusteiqs SMETI+ & zo METO purty 19UUT+ 2312] 3u9UIAS died TEIQEI pıg- O 193n0 03 Tenba AT[B1qUOA | = x3AU09 SMETI- FO METO pury 19UUT peaano SUIM 2107 FO W+AS-I+ poonpez Juousas DAAUOUIPYD queseid quod TEIQII PUIU+ died terqer pıg+ Y @TAUTS SMETO+ UQUADYI panino ATHESM 10 3U31213S Sura pury JO [4+9S pue ys- $n] 0913 SDXH 3U3I1213S Burm 2107 Jo VZ+VI- panino Sura pury JO IH+9S PUE US+ p1avdy panino SUIM 9107 JO WZ+VI+ 207007 hyd snydo7no snoydiowotsetd = - “ce snoydıowode = + SngO70740y) 256 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 The following separations seem to have taken place in the Palaearctic region. Firstly the subgenera Phylacter Reinhard and Oulophus subgen. nov. Phylacter is a small group of species, related to Oulophus and is characterized by the strongly curved SC + RI of the hind wing and the more or less curved base of SR of the hind wing. The new subgenus Oulophus is a large and rather diverse group of species, the primary speciation of which seems to have taken place in the Holarctic region. Secondly evolved the group of the subgenera Homolobus Foerster and Chartolobus subgen. nov., which is characterized by a well-developed ridge on the 3rd—9th antennal segments of the female and inequal hind claws of the female. The new subgenus Chartolobus is the most peculiar subgenus of Homolobus, because of the curved vein 1A +2A of fore wing, together with a lamelliform ridge at the base of the antenna and peculiar inner hind claws of the female. The supposed relations in the Homolobinae are depicted in fig. 19. BIOLOGY All the species treated in this paper are primary endoparasites of Lepidopterous larvae; they pupate outside the host and construct a parchment-like, spindle- shaped cocoon, which is covered by some loose silk. Allen (1977: 111) reported a period of obligate ectoparasitism in Homolobus infumator (Lyle) after the host (Campaea margaritata (L.)) has spun the cocoon. The ectoparasitic phase of the final instar larvae of H. infumator lasted about 24 hours. During this phase the host is almost entirely devoured (only the head capsule remains), thereafter the parasite larva began to spin (slowly) its large white cocoon, taking 24—36 hours to complete this. After 17—20 days under outdoor conditions the adults were bred (Allen, in litt.). The absence of teeth at the mandibles of the final instar larvae of the Euphorinae may indicate the absence of an ectoparasitic phase, because the teeth on the mandibles of the larvae of the Homolobinae are presumably adapted to the short ectoparasitic way of life. Many species have an ophionoid facies (body largely yellowish, slender; eyes and ocelli large and metasoma of 9 more or less compressed apically) and are frequently captured at light. As pointed out by Gauld & Huddleston (1976: 35) larvae of many Noctuidae and of some Lasiocampidae exhibit the habit to remain concealed by day and coming out to feed at night. The nocturnal behaviour of the parasites may be an adaptation to the activity-pattern of the hosts. There is a profound difference in the host-selection between the species of the two tribes of the Homolobinae. The tribe Charmontini contains parasites of small Lepidoptera larvae with a hidden way of life, mainly in rolled and/or spun leaves, in stored products or in mines of leaves. The species of the tribe Homolobini are parasites of exposed living larvae of Lepidoptera, which may have a more nocturnal behaviour as do the adult parasites. The differences are reflected in the shape and length of the ovipositor: long and rather slender in the Charmontini, but usually short and rather stout in the Homolobini. Some species of Homolobus (e.g., H. (O.) armatus spec. nov.) have a long and slender ovipositor, which may indicate that more hidden larvae are also used as prey. Unfortunately no host records are known for VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 257 these species. I consider a long ovipositor (and the associated selection of hidden larvae as hosts) to be a plesiomorphous character-state, while the usually very short ovipositor of most Homolobini is apomorphous. The known hosts of Charmon cruentatus Haliday are sparse and comprise three species of Tortricidae (Archips rosaceana Harris, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), and Acleris variana (Fernald)), while of C. extensor (L.) many hosts are known. They belong mainly to the Tortricidae (Acleris variana (Fernald), A. fuscana (?), A. minutacinderella (?), A. oxycoccana Packard, Argyrotaenia pinatubana Kearfott, A. tabulana (?), Choristoneura murinana (Hübner), C. fumiferana (Clemens), Epinotia infuscana (?), Eucosma radicana Walsingham, and Grapholita molesta (Busck)), Gelechiidae (Evagora spec. Eucordylea atrupictella Dietz, Recurvaria apicitri- punctella (Clemens), R. canusella Chambers, R. milleri Busck, R. piceaella Kear- fott, and R. starki Freeman), Coleophoridae (Coleophora ulmifoliella (?)), Oeco- phoridae (Hoffmannophila pseudospretella Stainton), Geometridae (Operophthera bruceata Hulst), and Pyralidae (Dioryctria reniculella (Grote)). Of the new genus Charmontia no host records are known. Of the new genus Exasticolus only one host is known, viz., Gloveria ballovi Schaus, belonging to the Lasiocampidae. The hosts of the species of the subgenus Apatia of the genus Homolobus mainly belong to the Noctuidae and Geometridae. The Palaeotropical H. (A.) ophioninus (Vachal) is known to be a parasite of Noctuidae (Spodoptera exempta Walker and Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiff.)). The closely related H. (A.) truncatoides spec. nov. is only known to have its host on sugar beet (Beta). The only known host of H. (A.) elagabalus (Nixon) belongs to the Noctuidae, viz. Selepa celtis Moore. The only species of this subgenus with many host records is H. (A.) truncator (Say). The hosts belong to the Noctuidae (Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiff.), A. venerabilis Walker, Amathes smithii (Snellen), Heliothis armigera (Hübner), Plusia gamma (L.), Porosagrotis orthogonia (Morrison), P. tristicula (Morrison), Prodenia ornithogalli Guenée, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), and S. frugiperda Smith), Geometridae (Alsophia quadripunctata Esper, Erannis bajaria (Denis & Schiff.), E. sorditana Hübner, Fidonia cebraria Tr., F. fasciolaria (Rottemburg), Hypagyrtis piniata (Packard), Lycia zonaria (Denis & Schiff.), and Semiothisa bitactata Walker), Gelechiidae (Gnorimoschema operculella Zeller), and Pyralidae (Margaritia sticticalis (L.)). An aberrant host spectrum seems to be present in the Afrotropical H. (A.) huddlestoni spec. nov. All four hosts belong to the Lymantriidae (Arctornis rubricosta Hering, Euproctis fasciata Walker, E. rubricosta Fawcett, and E. sanguiguttata Hampson). The only species of the subgenus Chartolobus with known hosts is H. (C.) infumator (Lyle). They belong mainly to the Geometridae (Alcis repandata (L.), Nepytia canosaria (Walker), Bupalus pinarius (L.), Campaea margaritata (L.), Ectropis deodarae (?), Ematurga atomaria (L.), Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée), L. somniaria (Hulst), and Lycia zonaria (Denis & Schiff.); additionally it has been reared from Oecophoridae (Agonopterix alstroemeriana (Clerck)), Noctuidae (Orthosia stabilis (Denis & Schiff.)), and Pyralidae (Phycita roborella (Denis & Schiff.)). The only species of the subgenus Homolobus with host-records is H. (H.) discolor 258 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 (Wesmael). Probably it is a parasite of Geometridae (Alcis repandata (L.), Boarmia spec., Cabera pusaria (L.), Ennomos spec., Eupithecia abietaria (Goeze), Geometra alniaria L., Larentia spec., Odontopera bidentata (Clerck), and Thera variata (Denis & Schiff.)) and Noctuidae (Acronycta aceris L., Lithocampa ramosa Esper, and Polyphaenis sericata Esper). The host record of a Tortricid (Zeiraphera rufimitrana (Herrich-Schäffer)) is probably incorrect. The only species of the subgenus Phylacter with host records is H. (P.) annulicornis (Nees). It seems to be mainly a parasite of Noctuidae (Apamea unanimis (Hübner), Cosmia trapezina (L.), Enargia ypsillon (Denis & Schiff.), Eupsilia transversa (Hufnagel), Lithophane lamda (F.), Mamestra brassicae (L.), Mythimna obsoleta (Hübner), Naranga aenescens Moore, Orthosia populeti (F.), O: stabilis (Denis & Schiff.), Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiff.), and Xestia triangulum (Hufnagel)). Additionally reared from Pyralidae (Cnephalocrocis medinalis Guenée, Margaritia sticticalis (L.), Phycita roborella (Denis & Schiff.)), Geometridae (Alcis repandata (L.), and Alsophila aceraria (Denis & Schiff.)), and Tortricidae. The host records of Tortricidae (Archips rosana L., and Tortrix viridana L.) are probably incorrect, considering the size of the parasite. The only species of the subgenus Oulophus with known host data, viz., H. (O.) flagitator (Curtis), seems to be a specalized parasite of Geometridae (Alcis repandata (L.), Campaea perlata (Guenée), Caripeta divisata Walker, Entephria caesiata Lang (on Vaccinium myrtillus L.), Eupithecia annulata Hulst, E. harrisonata MacK., E. longipalpata Packard, E. olivaceae Taylor, E. placidata Packard, E. unicolor Hulst, Larentia citrata (L.), Melanolophia spec., Nyctobia limitata (Walker), and N. nigroangulata Strecker). The numerous host data of the genus Zele indicate a wide spectrum in some species (Z. albiditarsus Curtis and Z. chlorophthalmus (Spinola)), while other species (Z. niveitarsis (Cresson) and Z. caligatus (Haliday)) seem to be restricted to one family of Lepidoptera. Zele caligatus (Haliday) is known from only one genus of Geometridae, viz., Eupithecia (E. absinthiata (Clerck), E. expallidata Doubleday, E. filmata Pears., E. goossensiata Mabille, E. indigata (Hùbner), E. luteata Packard, E. palpata Packard, FE. satyrata (Hübner), and E. ?usurpata Pears.). The host record of a Nymphalid (Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg)) is probably erroneous. The known hosts of Zele niveitarsis (Cresson) belong mainly to the Pyralidae (Acrobasis betulella Hulst, A. comptoniella Hulst, A. ostryella (?), A. rubrifasciella Packard, A. sylviella (©), Meroptera pravella (Grote), Salebria contatella Grote, S. subcaesiella (Clements), and S. virgatella (Clements)). Additional records, which need verification are from Geometridae (Rheumaptera hastata (L.)) and Noctuidae (Lithopane spec.). The recorded hosts of Z. chlorophthalmus (Spinola) belong to the Pyralidae (Acrobasis consociella (Hübner), A. tumidana (Denis & Schiff.), Eurhodope suavella (Zincken), Eurrhypara coronata (Hufnagel), Margaritia sticticalis (L.), Nephopterix adelphella (Fischer von Röslerstamm), N. hostilis (Stephens), Phlyctaenodes turbidalis (Tr.), Phycita roborella (Denis & Schiff.), Poinea forficalis (L.), and Sylepta ruralis (Scopoli)), Geometridae (Angerona prunaria (L.), Crocallis elinguaria (L.), Ematurga atomaria (L.), Odontopera bidentata (Clerck), and Rheumaptera cervinalis VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 259 (Scopoli)), Noctuidae (Jaspidia pygarga Hufnagel and Metoponia koekeritziana (Hübner)), Tortricidae (Cnephasia communana (Herrich-Schäffer), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), Tortrix viridana (L.)), Lasiocampidae (Malacosoma neustria (L.)), Lymantriidae (Lymantria monacha (L.)), Arctiidae (Spilosoma urticae (Esper)), and Limacodidae (Apoda avellana (L.)). The numerous host data concerning Z. albiditarsus Curtis are grouped according to the two colour-forms, to indicate their differences and similarities. The known hosts of Z. albiditarsus Curtis f. deceptor (Wesmael) belong mainly to the Geometridae (Anticlea badiata (Denis & Schiff.), Catarhoe cuculata (Hufnagel), Chesias legatella (Denis & Schiff.), Chloroclysta truncata (Hufnagel), Colotois pennaria (L.), Crocallis elinguaria (L.), Deileptenia ribeata (Clerck), Enypia moillieti (?), Eupithecia indigata (Hübner), E. lariciata (Freyer), E. pseudotsugata MacK., Hydriomena caesiata (Denis & Schiff.), H. furcata (Thunberg), Ligdia adustata (Denis & Schiff.), Nyctobia nigroangulata Strecker, Odontopera bidentata (Clerck), Rheumaptera spec., Semiothisa continuaria (Walker), S. granitata (Guenée), S. liturata (Clerck), S. unipunctaria perplexa (McDunnough), S. sexmaculata (Packard), Spargania luctuata (Denis & Schiff.), Xanthorhoe fluctuata (L.)). Other families of hosts represented are Noctuidae (Anarta myrtilli (L.), Hoplodrina alsines (Brahm), /pomorpha retusa (L.), Lacanobia oleracea (L.), Lithacodia pygarga (Hufnagel), and Syngrapha interrogationis (L.)), Pyralidae (Margaritia sticticalis (L.) and Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)), Momphidae (Mompha contortella (?)), Tortricidae (Acleris hastiana (L.), A. variana (Fernald), Epinotia solandriana (L.)), and Saturniidae (Antheraea polyphenus Cramer). Of the hosts of the nominate form of Z. albiditarsus (Curtis) comparatively more hosts belong to the Noctuidae, but this may be because of the size of the parasite. Large specimens of Z. albiditarsus usually belong to the nominate form and Noctuidae are frequently larger than, for instance, Geometridae. The main part of the known hosts belong to the Geometridae (Abraxas grossilariata (L.), Cidaria pomonaria (Hübner), Eupithecia expallidata Doubleday, Macaria notata (L.), Operophthora brumata (L.), Rheumaptera hastata (L.), and Thera obeliscata (Hubner)), and Noctuidae (Anarta myrtilli (L.), Blepharita adusta (Esper), Dichonia aeruginea Hubner, Dryobotodes eremita (F.), Hypena proboscidalis (L.), Lacanobia oleracea (L.), L. suasa (Denis & Schiff.), Mamestria brassicae (L.), Orthosia cruda (Denis & Schiff.), O. gracilis (Denis & Schiff.), O. miniosa (Denis & Schiff.), O. stabilis (Denis & Schiff.), Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiff.), Polia nebulosa (Hufnagel), and Zale spec.). Host records which need to be confirmed belong to the Douglasiidae (Douglasia ocnerostomella (Stainton), Yponomeutidae (Argyresthia brockeella (Hübner)), Lyonetiidae (Leucoptera scitella (Zeller)), Arctiidae (Rhyparia purpurata (L.)), Gelechiidae (Aristotelia brizella (Treitschke), and Caryocolum tricolorella (Haworth)), Conchylidae (Aethes francillana (F.), and Falseuncaria ruficiliana (Haworth)), Pterophoridae (Adaina microdactyla (Hübner)), Nymphalidae (Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg)), and Tortricidae (Semasia aemula Schläg and Zeiraphera griseana (Hübner)). 260 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 KEY TO THE GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF HOMOLOBINAE AND METEORINI First tergite petiolate and spiracles situated submedially (figs. 762, 775, 801); antescutal depression absent; pronope more or less developed (fig. 874); (tribus Meteorini) x... RA 9 First tergite sessile and spiracles situated subbasally (figs. 551, 729, 747); antescutal depression present (figs. 31, 119, 168, 316); pronope completely absent:(subfamily Homolobinae) sn eeN 2 Marginal cell of hind wing widened apicad (figs. 147, 161); vein r-m of fore wing present (fig. 180); occipital carina present medio-dorsally (fig. 95); vein 2A of hind wing absent (fig. 85) or nearly so (fig. 107); lateral carina of. mesoscutum.present; (tribus Homolobini) Le 3 Marginal cell of hind wing narrowed apicad (fig. 37); vein r-m of fore wing absent (fig. 892); occipital carina reduced medio-dorsally (fig. 44); vein 2A of hind wing present (figs. 63, 892); lateral carina of mesoscutum absent; (tribus Charmontini) cc. otel e ENS), Inner aspect of hind tibia without a comb apically (fig. 256); vein I-SR+M of fore wing straight (fig. 258); tarsi without a ventral row of setae (Homolobus Foersters Mise. tea Sexes cats Seka I O 4 Inner aspect of hind tibia with a well developed comb apically (figs. 98, 882); vein 1-SR+M of fore wing curved distad (figs. 85, 94); tarsi with a weakly developed row of setae ventrally ......... Exasticolus gen. nov. (p. 271) At least fore tarsal claws with a minute subapical tooth or lamella (figs. 350, 394, 443); hind tibial spurs of g with a sharp, hyaline apex (figs. 710, 713) . 5 Tarsal claws simple or nearly so, without a tooth or lamella (figs. 123, 152, 212); hind tibial spurs of & sometimes without a sharp apex, spurs truncate and pismented apically (igs 112,712 2 207 220 Apatia Enderlein (p. 277) Submedially inner hind claw of © distinctly concave ventrally (figs. 35i, 439, 887, 888), its shape different from the outer claw (figs. 350, 443); antennal ridge of 3rd—6th antennal segments of 9 strongly developed (figs. 349, 366, 424, BTT SHO) i i gion be aes OT O E 6 Submedially inner hind claw of 9 straight or convex ventrally (figs. 502, 679, 881), its shape similar to the outer claw (figs. 498, 678) or nearly so (figs. 570, 571); antennal ridge of 3rd—6th antennal segments of 9 usually absent (figs. 8719 880) ifpresentithenweakly developed ee fl Vein 1A +2A of fore wing curved (figs. 343, 369, 380); basal third of vein SR of hind wing curved and equally sclerotized as vein Ir-m of hind wing (figs. 349, ZOT SSD ye pene a Ro cee eee Chartolobus subgen. nov. (p. 304) Vein 1A +2A of fore wing straight (figs. 396, 419, 449): basal third of vein SR of hind wing straight or weakly curved (figs. 396, 404, 425), much less sclerotized than Le-m.( 999) e ee Homolobus Foerster (p. 311) Basal third of vein SR of hind wing distinctly curved and sclerotized as vein Ir- m (figs. 495, 507), if intermediate (fig. 482), then claws bifurcate (fig. 488); vein SC + RI of hind wing (rather) strongly curved (figs. 482, 495, 507) ........ ee A Puen tin, Babes eS oc Phylacter Reinhard (p. 321) Basal third of vein SR of hind wing straight (fig. 539) or rather curved (fig. 649) VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. -261 and usually less sclerotized than Ir-m (fig. 655), if exceptionally well sclerotized (figs. 618, 641), then SR of hind wing (almost) straight (fig. 641) and claws with a small subapical tooth (fig. 643) or with a lamella (fig. 629); vein SC+RI of hind wing straight (fig. 631) or moderately curved (fig. COMME OIE. ANNE N Oulophus subgen. nov. (p. 327) 8. Length of 3rd segment of labial palp equal to length of 2nd segment (fig. 893); Ist discal cell of fore wing petiolate (fig. 892); claws (except for the apical tooth) straight ventrally (fig. 894); apical segment of antenna without spine apically (fig. 897); scutellum weakly sculptured postero-medially (fig. 899); Ist tergite slender, its length ca. 2.8 times its apical width (fig. 896) ......... NEEM ERINNERN, EI BRUDER Charmontia gen. nov. (p. 262) — Third segment of labial palp absent or short, much shorter than 2nd segment of labial palp (fig. 57); Ist discal cell of fore wing (sub)sessile (figs. 37, 63); claws convex ventrally (figs. 40, 52); apical segment of antenna with spine apically (fig. 53); scutellum smooth postero-medially (fig. 43); Ist tergite comparatively stout, its length less than twice its apical width (figs. 31, 41, THO) oie! ALLÉE RE RE een RE ERIN, Charmon Haliday (p. 263) 9. Marginal cell of hind wing widened apicad (figs. 784, 788); at least apical half of 3rd and following tergites densely setose (figs. 783, 794); vein r of hind wing present (fig. 788) or absent (fig. 758); dorsope more or less developed (figs. TOA TOLD RUE BUBEN DONE WROTE PIELER I Zele Curtis (p. 359) — Marginal cell of hind wing narrowed apicad or its sides are parallel; 3rd and following tergites with a few rows of setae, exceptionally more extensively setose; vein r of hind wing absent; dorsope variable .... Meteorus Haliday Subfamily HOMOLOBINAE, nom. nov. Syn.: Zelinae auct. p.p. | Diagnosis. — Antescutal depression present; hypoclypeal depression absent; Ist discal cell of fore wing (sub)sessile, 1-SR absent or nearly so, but in the new genus Charmontia present (fig. 892); dorsope of Ist tergite absent; Ist tergite sessile, more or less narrowed behind the spiracles, and spiracles situated in front of the middle of the tergite; apical segment of antenna with a well developed spine, but absent in the new genus Charmontia (fig. 897); occipital carina connected with the hypostomal carina above the mandibular base; vein a of fore wing absent; pronope absent; metapleural flange more or less lamelliform and transparent; prepectal carina (almost always) reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron; hypostomal and prepectal carinae present; lateral carina of scutellum absent; vein m-cu of fore wing far antefurcal to 2-SR; subbasal cell of hind wing large (figs. 26, 161); lobes of mesoscutum evenly convex; trochantelli simple, without teeth; scapus (sub)truncate apically; veins CUlb, 2-SR, and 2A of fore wing present; Ist subdiscal cell of fore wing closed distally; plical lobe of hind wing rather large; laterope of Ist tergite deep, large and subbasal; mesopleuron not distinctly protruding anteriorly; maxillary and labial palpi with, respectively, 6 and 4 segments, but 3rd labial palp segment often reduced, in the genus Charmon even 262 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 absent or nearly so (fig. 57); metasoma evenly setose; occipital carina present, at least laterally; postpectal carina absent; hypopygium truncate apically, large to medium-sized; antennal segments 37—55; ovipositor straight, or nearly so, and with a small subapical notch. Distribution. — Cosmopolitan. Contains two tribes: Charmontini and Homolo- bini. Tribus CHARMONTINI nov. Diagnosis. — Occipital carina reduced medio-dorsally; tarsal claws without a subapical tooth; anterior tentorial pits deep, medium-sized or large; precoxal suture absent; middle lobe of mesoscutum more or less truncate anteriorly and with a transverse protruding horizontal part (figs. 20, 60); vein 2A of hind wing present; marginal cell of hind wing narrowed apicad; mandibles normal, not twisted apically; vein 2-R1 of fore wing well developed (figs. 15, 892); hind tibial spurs subequal, rather short, 0.2—0.4 times length of hind basitarsus; vein r-m of fore wing absent (fig. 15); ventral margin of clypeus rather thick, not separated from clypeus, and with a more or less developed row of punctures (fig. 898); eyes bare and immarginate, medium-sized; frons and vertex smooth; face rather flat; metapleural flange present as a narrow, rather thin and rounded ventral carina (fig. 32); mesopleuron smooth or nearly so; Ist tergite concave medio-basally and convex submedially; side of scutellum rugose (fig. 43); lateral carina of mesoscutum absent; propodeum without a medial carina and areola, its posterior part not separated from its antero-dorsal part; antepropodeal depression narrow; fringe of wings short; vein 1A +2A of fore wing straight; vein 3-SR +SRI of fore wing curved basally; 2nd tergite without a sharp lateral crease. Distribution. — Cosmopolitan. Contains two genera: Charmontia gen. nov. from the Neotropical region, and Charmon Haliday from the other regions. Genus Charmontia nov. Etymology: fantasy name based on the genus name Charmon, to which it is closely related. Gender: feminine. Type-species: Charmontia inopina spec. nov. Diagnosis. — Length of body and of fore wing ca. 4 mm; apical segment of antenna without spine apically (fig. 897); length of 3rd segment of labial palp equal to length of 2nd segment (fig. 893); Ist discal cell of fore wing shortly petiolate (fig. 892); tarsal claws (except for the apical tooth) straight ventrally (fig. 894); anterior tentorial pits deep and large (fig. 898); scutellum weakly sculptured postero- medially (fig. 899); epicnemial area smooth, except for some rugae (fig. 890); episternal scrobe well-impressed and elliptical (fig. 890); pleural suture moderately crenulate and deep; length of Ist tergite ca. 2.8 times its apical width; length of hind femur ca. 7.4 times its apical width; ovipositor sheath much longer than fore wing; scutellum punctulate; propodeal spiracle round, small and situated submedially in propodeum; parastigma rather large (fig. 892); vein cu-a of hind VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 263 wing almost straight and medium-sized (fig. 892); hind coxa punctulate, but antero-dorsally rugulose and postero-dorsally striate (fig. 895). Biology. — Unknown, but the long ovipositor suggests the same hosts as of the genus Charmon. Charmontia inopina spec. nov. (figs. 889— 900) Holotype, 9, length of body 4.4, and of fore wing 4.2 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 41, length of 3rd segment equal to 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments both 7.3 times their width, both penultimate segments each 2.5 times their width; length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 1.9 times temples; temples directly narrowed apically (fig. 900); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 8: 3: 8; frons convex, but behind antennal sockets flat and medially with a shallow suture; face punctulate, only finely striate medio-dorsally (fig. 898); clypeus rather convex, protruding apically (fig. 890), punctulate, and its margin straight medially; length of malar space 1.3 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.6 times its height; pronotal sides smooth, but medially crenulate and anteriorly with some rugae (fig. 890); anterior half of notauli (except posteriorly) distinctly impressed and crenulate (fig. 899); mesoscutal lobes smooth and distinctly convex; metanotum striate medially; surface of propodeum smooth, only medially reticulate-rugose. Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR+SRI : 2-SR = 6: 44: 9; 1-SR+M straight; cu-a inclivous and longer than 1-CU1; 1-CU1 : 2-CUl = 5: 29. Hind wing: SC+RI weakly curved; 1-M : cu-a = 1.1: 1 (fig. 892). Legs. — Length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 7.4, 13.6, and 11.7 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.2 times hind basitarsus, subequal (fig. 895). Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.8 times its apical width, its surface smooth, but medially somewhat rugulose; dorsal carinae of Ist tergite weakly developed in basal fifth and spiracles protruding (fig. 896); 2nd tergite smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 1.88 times fore wing. Colour. — Blackish-brown; pterostigma, 2nd and 3rd tergites, and hind coxa, dark brown; rest of legs, palpi, tegulae, scapus basally, annellus and metasoma ventro-basally, more or less brownish-yellow; tibiae and coxae somewhat infuscated. Holotype in CNC, Ottawa, 9: “Pichinahuel, Cord. Nahuelbuta, Arauco, Chile, 10—20.1.1959, L. Pefia’’, “New genus near Charmon, Det. W.R.M. Mason 76”. Genus Charmon Haliday Haliday, 1833, Ent. Mag. 1: 262. Capek, 1969, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 71: 308 (as Eubadizon). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 228, 230. 264 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Capek, 1970, Can. Ent. 102: 850, 853, 868, 870, fig. 15. Tobias, 1971, Tr. Vsesoyuzn. ent. Obshch. 54: 231. Capek, 1972, Ent. Problémy 10: 133, 136. Capek, 1973, Acta Inst. forest. zvol.: 264. Van Achterberg, 1974b, Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 21: 110. Mason, 1974, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 76: 237, 238. Gauld & Huddleston, 1976, Entomologist’s Gaz. 27: 43, 47, fig. 18. Van Achterberg, 1976a, Tijdschr. Ent. 118: 250. Van Achterberg, 1976b, id. 119: 37, fig. 100. Tobias, 1976, Opr. Fauna SSSR 110: 136. Type-species: Charmon cruentatus Haliday. Synonyms: Provancheria Ashmead, 1900; Cyclocormus Cameron, 1911; Eubadi- zon auct. p.p. Diagnosis. — Length of body 2.9—5.2, and of fore wing 3.3—5.9 mm; apical segment of antenna with an apical spine (fig. 53); 3rd segment of labial palp absent or shortly developed, much shorter than 2nd segment of labial palp (fig. 57); Ist discal cell of fore wing (sub)sessile (figs. 37, 63); tarsal claws convex ventrally (figs. 40, 52); anterior tentorial pits deep and medium-sized (fig. 27); scutellum smooth postero-medially; epicnemial area smooth; episternal scrobe narrow and linear; pleural suture indistinctly and finely crenulate, narrow and shallow (fig. 20); length of Ist tergite 1.3—1.7 times its apical width; length of hind femur 5.3—6.8 times its width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.60—1.55 times fore wing; scutellum smooth; propodeal spiracle round, small, and situated in front of middle of propodeum; parastigma large (fig. 63); vein cu-a of hind wing long and straight; hind coxa smooth or nearly so. Biology. — Parasites of larvae of Lepidoptera with a hidden way of life. Key to the species of the genus Charmon 1. Vein cu-a of fore wing much shorter than 1-CUI (fig. 37), resulting in a rather transverse Ist subdiscal cell; basal half of vein M+CUI of fore wing scarcely sclerotized; length of ovipositor sheath ca. 0.7 times fore wing; pterostigma dark brown medially; Australian region ... brevinervis spec. nov. (p. 267) — Vein cu-a of fore wing longer than 1-CUI, exceptionally subequal (figs. 26, 49, 75); M+CUI largely sclerotized; Ist subdiscal cell less transverse (fig. 63); length of ovipositor sheath usually 0.82—1.55 times fore wing, if exceptionally shorter, then pterostigma yellowish medially; Holarctic, Afrotropical, and N. Oriental regionst. wu RI > 2. Length of ovipositor sheath 0.60—0.74 (forma brevicaudus (Hellen)) or 0.82—1.20 (nominate form) times fore wing, exceptionally longer; pterostig- ma, apex of hind tibia, and hind tarsus yellowish, if intermediate, then middle of hind tibia and tarsus similarly coloured ..... cruentatus Haliday (p. 268) — Length of ovipositor sheath 1.21—1.55 times fore wing, exceptionally shorter; pterostigma, apex of hind tibia, and/of hind tarsus infuscated, if intermediate, then middle of hind tibia lighter coloured than apices of hind tarsal sementi ee Ber SEE extensor (Linnaeus) (p. 265) VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 265 Charmon extensor (Linnaeus) (fig. 20—31) Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. nat., Ed. 10: 564 (as Ichneumon). Provancher, 1880, Naturaliste can. 12: 171 (Eubadizon gracilis). Syn. nov. Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 234, 237, 238. Capek, 1970, Can. Ent. 102: 853, fig. 15. Tobias, 1971, Tr. Vsesoyuzn. ent. Obshch. 54: 231. Capek, 1972, Ent. Problemy 10: 133, 136 (re-identification needed). Mason, 1974, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 76: 237, 238. Tobias, 1976, Opr. Fauna SSSR 110: 136 (re-identification needed). Fitton, 1978, Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 10: 377. Note. Because of the presence of two species in the Palaearctic region the existing literature (especially of Western European origin) deals, at least partly, with Charmon cruentatus Haliday. Redescribed after a © from Canada, Mobert; this © was compared with the holotype of C. gracilis (Provancher) by Dr. W. R. M. Mason (Ottawa). Head. — Antennal segments 44, its 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 5.7 and 5.0 times their width, respectiveiy, both penultimate segments 1.7 and 1.8 times their width (fig. 25); length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.3 times temples; temples directly narrowed apicad (fig. 28); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 5: 5: 7; frons flat; face almost smooth, but with some aciculation near the antennal sockets (fig. 27); clypeus rather convex, indistinctly punctulate, its margin straight medially; length of malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; pronotal side smooth, except for some indistinctly developed sculpture medially and posteriorly; notauli absent; mesoscutum smooth, except for some punctures (fig. 30); metanotum medially without well-developed carinae; surface of propodeum smooth, except for some microsculpture medio-basally (fig. 31). Wings. — Fore wing: r: SRI +3-SR : 2-SR = 11:81:21; 1-SR+M sinuate; cu-a inclivous and longer than 1-CU1; 1-CUI : 2-CUI = 1: 10. Hind wing: SC+RI weakly curved; 1-M : cu-a = 0.8: | (fig. 26). Legs. — Femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5,9, 11.4, and 11.7 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.4 times the basitarsus, subequal (fig. 29). Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 1.5 times its apical width, its surface finely longitudinally striate; dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent and its spiracles indistinctly protruding (fig. 31); 2nd tergite smooth, but baso-laterally somewhat aciculate; length of ovipositor sheath 1.46 times fore wing. Colour. — Dark reddish-brown; pedicellus, annellus, patch between eyes and ocelli, mandibles, prothorax, tegulae, metapleuron partly, metasoma ventrally and legs, yellowish, but hind tibia (except base), middle and hind tarsi, infuscated; 2nd and 3rd tergites more reddish; pterostigma rather dark brown. Redescribed after 9 from CNC: “Ex Dioryctria reniculella, Mobert, Ont.”, “Eubadizon gracile Prov., CWT, Det. W. R. M. Mason, (19)60”. 266 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Specimens additionally examined: 215 9 and 97 g. From the Nearctic region: North West Territories (Yellowknife), Newfoundland (Blackhead), Nova Scotia (St. Peters; Grand River; Halifax), New Brunswick (Kedgwick; Summit Depot; Charlo; Green River (Lab.); Golden Ridge, Carlton Co.; Tobique; Upsalquitch), Quebec (Montigny; Park Reserve, Kam. Co., 950 ft; Harrington Lake, Gatineau Park; Lac Crescence; Duchesnay; Lac Mondor; Cascapedia River, Cape Rouge; Berthierville; New Richmond), Ontario (Rush Biv., 15 mi. SE Kenora; Cedar Lake; Chaplean; Bothwell; Arden; Hawk Lake; Wawa; White Falls; Thamesville; Vivian; Rossport; nr. Lake Erie; Richmond; Simcoe; Mobert; St. Davids, Normondale; Prescott; Ottawa, Holtyre; Stittsville; Chatterton; Dryden; Porcupine; Siouxhook; Vermilion Bay; Belleville; Twin Elm; One Sided Lake; South March), Alberta (Edmonton; Coleman; Eisenhower Jet, 4700 ft, Banff; Orion; Granada, Jasper), Saskatchewan (Saskatoon; Great Sand Hills, W. of Swift Current), British Columbia (Vancouver; Cowichan Lake; Victoria; Longford; Keremeos; Terrace), New Hampshire (6 mi S. Gorham, Notch Road), New York (Ithaca; Oneonta; Canadarago Lake), Massachusetts (Springfield), Michigan (Ann Arbor), Montana (Missoula), Wyoming (Yellowstone National Park, Cathedral Mt.), Oregon (Joseph), Colorado (Maybell; Nederland), North Carolina (Highlands, 3800 ft; Clingman’s Dome), Virginia (Mountain Lake), Minnesota (Kawishiwi Field Lab.), Florida (Gainesville; Torreya St. Park), Texas (Navasota), Nevada (Lee Canyon, 38 mi. NW Las Vegas), California (Mono Co., Tom’s Place; Oioville; San Francisco; Mill Valley, Marin Co.; Stanislaw Co., 5 mi. N. Turlock Lake; Pt. Reyes, Marin Co.; Mineral, 7400 ft; Tanayon Lake), Mexico (Dgo, 9000 ft, 10 mi. W. of El Salto; Chis., 7200 ft, S. Crist. Las Casas) (CNC, CAS, UCA, AMNH, RMNH, TC). Specimens examined from the Palaearctic region: Finland (Korpo; Traskrias; Jomala), Sweden (Eksharad), USSR (Pavilnys; Ilmen, S. of Leningrad), Japan (Mt. Arakura, 1300 m; Nagano, 400 m; Shizuoka; Soranuma, Hokkaido; Mt. Gozaisho, Mie Honshu; Sarobeto, Hokkaido), Netherlands (Wijster; Drijber; Heerde; Herpen; Baarle-Nassau; Delft; Ede (Sijsselt)), West Germany (Steinbach am Worthsee; Witzenhausen; Lippoldshausen), Czechoslovakia (Kufra), Austria (Gampenjoch, Sudtirol, 1500 m; Bischofshofen; Flachgau, Zistelalm; Salm-Moos, Salzburg; Judenbergalm; Sollheim Autobahn), Italia (Bolzano, Sarntal, 1250 m; Campi, Riva s. Garda, 800 m; Castel Tesino, Trento, 1200—1500 m; Meran, 650 m) (RMNH, IZP, ZMH, ZSB, UZM, EI, HC, WHC). Specimens examined from the Afrotropical region: Zaire (Lubumbashi (= Elizabethville)) (CNC, RMNH) and from the Oriental region (or South Palaearctic): India (Kashmir, Ladakh, Batalik, 2743 m) (DZD). The holotype of Ichneumon extensor Linnaeus was examined by Mr. T. Huddleston (London), who kindly supplied his notes. This reveals that Charmon gracilis (Provancher) is actually a junior synonym of extensor. The holotype of extensor is in the Linnean Collection of the Linnean Society at London; the condition of this very dirty specimen is fairly reasonable. It bears two handwritten labels, one by Linnaeus (‘34 extensor’) and one by Smith (“extensor 935”). The pterostigma is very pale yellow but with a slightly infuscated border, the hind tibia VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 267 is infuscated apically, the hind tarsus is slightly infuscated, and the length of the ovipositor sheath is 1.22 times fore wing. The holotype of C. gracilis (Provancher) (PC) was not available for examination, but the description of the colour by Provancher indicates its synonymy with extensor. The variation of C. extensor (L.) is considerable: length of fore wing 3.5—5.3 mm; length of ovipositor sheath 1.21—1.55 times fore wing, exceptionally shorter; pterostigma and hind legs usually infuscated, but completely yellowish specimens occur (as in cruentatus). Especially the African specimens are yellowish; the occurrence of extensor and cruentatus in the Afrotropical region is in my opinion the result of a recent (Quarternary) invasion of both species from the Palaearctic region. The crossing of the Sahara was probably fairly easy during the last ice-age (De Jong, 1976). The only stable difference I could find was the yellowish colour, while colour is known to be a factor easily influenced by the temperature during the development of the larva and/or pupa. Also in the (Nearctic) Sonoran region C. extensor (L.) becomes more or !ess yellowish, probably also because of the influence of the temperature. In Europe extensor seems to be most common (compared with cruentatus) where a (sub)continental climate prevails, while cruentatus seems to be most common in a more or less Atlantic climate. Some of the specimens examined were taken at light. Known hosts of examined specimens: Acleris variana (Fernald), A. fuscana (?), A. minutacinderella (2), A. oxycoccana Packard, Argyrotaenia pinatubana (Kearfott), A. tabulana (?), Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), C. murinana (Hubner), Coleophora ulmifoliella (2), Dioryctria reniculella (Grote), Epinotia infuscana (?), E. nigricana (?), Eucordylea atrupictella Dietz, Eucosma radicana (Walsingham), Evagora spec. (on Elm, Hemlock, and Black fir), Hoffmannophila pseudospretella Stainton, Laspeyresia molesta (Busck), L. (?) arboreus (?), Operophthora bruceata Hulst, Recurvaria milleri Busck, R. starki Freeman, R. apicitripunctella (Clemens) (on Tsuga canadensis), R. canusella Chambers, and R. piceaella Kearfott. Charmon brevinervis spec. nov. (figs. 32—44) Holotype, 9, length of body and of fore wing 4.4 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 30, but apical segments missing, its 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 5.6 and 5.2 times their width, respectively (fig. 34); length of maxillary palp equal to height of head (fig. 32); dorsal length of eye 1.5 times temple; temple roundly narrowed apicad (fig. 44); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 5: 6: 10; frons weakly concave; face indistinctly punctulate and with some rugulosity near antennal sockets (fig. 42); clypeus transversely convex, its surface almost smooth, and its apical margin almost straight medially, with long setae (fig. 42); length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; pronotal side smooth, except for some crenulae medio-anteriorly and posteriorly (fig. 32); notauli 268 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 completely impressed, but shallowly and indistinctly crenulate (fig. 43); mesoscu- tum smooth; metanotum with one medial carina; surface of propodeum smooth, but medially weakly rugulose. Wings. — Fore wing: r : SR1+3-SR : 2-SR = 15: 111 : 22; 1-SR+M weakly sinuate (fig. 37); cu-a short, almost straight, much shorter than 1-CUI (fig. 35); 1- CUI : 2-CUl = 6: 15; M+CUI basally reduced (which is in other species complete, in fig. 75 of Cyclocormus luteus Cameron dotted because of damage). Hind wing: SC + RI weakly curved; 1-M : cu-a = 0.4: 1. Legs. — Femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 5.3, 10.0, and 7.4 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.3 times the basitarsus, subequal (fig. 38). Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 1.6 times its apical width, its surface rather coarsely longitudinally striate; dorsal carinae of Ist tergite developed in basal 0.4 and spiracles weakly protruding (fig. 41); 2nd tergite smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.68 times fore wing. Colour. — Yellowish-brown; middle of pterostigma, wing veins in middle third of fore wing, propodeum, metapleuron, and Ist tergite, more or less dark brown; hind tarsus rather whitish-yellow. Holotype in RMNH, Leiden, 9: “Neth. Ind.-American New Guinea Exped., Rattan Camp, 1150 m, ii.1939, L. J. Toxopeus”. For the location of this camp, see Toxopeus (1940). Note. Besides the rather diffuse character-differences such as the somewhat longer malar space, the stouter mesosoma, the rather short vein I-M of the hind wing, the rather transverse Ist subdiscal cell, and the long setae at the clypeal margin, this species is characterized by the reduction of the basal half of vein M+CUI of fore wing, the short cu-a of fore wing and the short ovipositor sheath, combined with its coloration. It is surprising to see how close this species is to both other species of Charmon. Charmon cruentatus Haliday (figs. 45—79) Haliday, 1833, Ent. Mag. 1: 262. Nees von Esenbeck, 1834, Hym. Ichn. affin. Mon. 1: 236 (Eubadizon pectoralis). Syn. nov. Cresson, 1872, Can. Ent. 4: 230 (Eubadizon pleuralis). Syn. nov. Cameron, 1911, Ann. Transv. Mus. 2: 209 (Cyclocormus luteus). Syn. nov. Hellen, 1958, Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 4: 29 (Eubadizon brevicauda). Syn. nov. Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 228, 230, 235 (Eubadizon extensor auct.). Van Achterberg, 1974b, Norsk. ent. Tidsskr. 21(1): 110. Mason, 1974, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 76(3): 237, 238. Gauld & Huddleston, 1976, Entomologist’s Gaz. 27: 43, 47, fig. 18. Van Achterberg, 1976b, Tijdschr. Ent. 119(3): fig. 100. Redescribed from the neotype of Eubadizon pectoralis Nees, 9, length of body 5.1, of fore wing 5.3 mm. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 269 Head. — Antennal segments 44, its 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.8 and 4.2 times their width, respectively, both penultimate segments 1.8 and 2.2 times their width, respectively (fig. 53); length of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head (fig. 45); dorsal length of eye 2.5 times temple; temple directly roundly narrowed apicad (fig. 50); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 6: 5: 6; frons flat; face smooth, except for some striation near the antennal sockets (fig. 54); clypeus convex, punctulate, its apical margin straight medially and crenulate; length of malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; pronotal side anteriorly crenulate-striate and posteriorly crenulate-rugose, rest smooth (fig. 45); notauli impressed and narrowly crenulate (fig. 56); mesoscutum smooth, only medially punctulate; metanotum with one medial carina; surface of propodeum smooth, but medially punctate-rugose. Wings. — Fore wing: r : SR1+3-SR : 2-SR = 9 : 53 : 13; 1-SR+M almost straight (fig. 49); cu-a long, inclivous, longer than 1-CU1; 1-CUI : 2-CUl = 2: 38. Hind wing: SC + RI slightly curved; 1-M : cu-a = 0.8: 1. Legs. — Femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 6.2, 12.0, and 10.8 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.3 times its basitarsus, subequal (fig. 51). Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 1.7 times its apical width, its surface longitudinally striate (fig. 58); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite developed in front of the weakly protruding spiracles (fig. 58); 2nd tergite smooth, but subbasally indistinctly microsculptured; length of ovipositor sheath 1.05 times fore wing. Colour. — Dark reddish-brown; palpi, pedicellus dorsally, annellus, patch between eyes and ocelli, tegulae, ptero- and parastigma, C+SC+R of fore wing, metasoma medio-ventrally and legs, yellowish; mandibles, mesopleuron, mesosternum and metapleuron, reddish; stemmaticum blackish. Neotype in KBIN, Brussels, 9: “Coll. Wesmael”, “1879”, “& Eubadizon pectoralis N. V. Es. 9, det. C. Wesmael”, “Type”. Neotype of pectoralis herewith selected, and labelled accordingly. Because Wesmael is the first revisor and the Nees types are lost, a neotype is chosen to fix this name to one of the Palaearctic species. The lectotype of Eubadizon pleuralis (Cresson) (9, ANSP) from Missouri is a genuine cruentatus, its ovipositor sheath is 1.06 times fore wing, while the legs and pterostigma are yellowish. The holotype of Eubadizon brevicauda Hellén (WHC: “Terijoki, Hellén’’) from Finland is an aberrant form of cruentatus with very short ovipositor (figs. 60—71), its sheath is 0.60 times fore wing. Additional specimens of this form have been examined from Norway (1 9, Selva, nr. entrance of Trondheimsfjord, ca. 150 m), from the Netherlands (1 9, Wijster), and from Canada. A series reared from Acleris variana (Fernald) (Vancouver, British Columbia) showed that the short Ovipositor occasionally occurs within a group of normal cruentatus specimens. The length of the ovipositor sheath of the form brevicaudus varies from 0.60—0.74 times fore wing. The cocoon of cruentatus is (as is that of extensor) a parchment-like brownish cocoon, covered by a fine filamentous tissue. The holotype of Charmon cruentatus Haliday (9, NMI) differs not from Charmon 270 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 extensor auct. nec L. The type is rather dirty, bears an old handwritten label “cruentatus”, has a rather short ovipositor (sheath ca. 0.85 times fore wing), with legs and pterostigma yellowish. The holotype of Cyclocormus luteus Cameron (9, TMP, figs. 72—79) from S. Africa is a yellowish form of cruentatus as far as can be judged from the few Afrotropical specimens available for study. The body is mainly yellowish, with the apical antennal segments, mesopleuron, propodeum, Ist tergite, metasoma apically, pterostigma, and ovipositor sheath, more or less infuscated; stemmaticum black; length of ovipositor sheath 1.05 times fore wing and antennal segments 37. Specimens examined: 260 9 and 102 3. From the Nearctic region: North West Territories (Judith Island, McKenzie River), British Columbia (Robson; Salmon River; Cultus Lake; Vancouver; Parksville); Ontario (St. Davids; Kimborn; Sioux Lookout; Orillia; Mer Bleue; Iron Bridge; Trenton); Quebec (Knowlton); North Carolina (Cherokee; Highlands, 3800 ft); Virginia (Mountain Lake; Roanoake); Utah (Longan); Illinois (Urbana); Kentucky (Mammoth Cave, Watl. Pk.); Florida (Gainesville; Torreya St. Park); California (Pozo, S.L.O. C.; Kernvale, Kern Co.; Eel River Rgr. Sta., Mendo Co., 1500 ft); Mexico (Baja California, 1 mi. E. Mission Santa Domingo) (CNC, UCA, RMNH). Specimens examined from the Palaearctic region: Finland (Helsinki; Taivassalo; Vehkalahti; Lemland, Flaka); Denmark (no localities); Ireland (id.); England (Wyck Rissington, Glos.); Netherlands (Wijster; Assel (nr. Zwolle); Heerde; Putten; Otterlo; Naardermeer; Muiderberg; Overveen; Waarder; Asperen; Den Haag; Delft; Meijendel, Kijfhoek, Bierlap; Oostvoorne, dunes; Ouddorp; Oostkapelle; Valkenswaard; Schayk; Asselt), West Germany (Aachen; Thüringen; Bramwald; Grainbach, 800 m; Wiershausen; Gröbenzeller; Kottenforst (nr. Bonn); Rondorfer Tal, Siebengebirge; Unteres Ahrtal, Rheinprov.; Geisenheim, Rheingau); Austria (Salzburg, Flachgau, Veitlbruch; St. Peter, Ahrntal, Süd-Tirol, 1300 m; Obergurgl, Tirol, 1950 m); Italy (Campi, Rivas. Garda, 1500 m); France (Agoz, Haute Pyr.); Bulgaria (Rodopi, Velinograd) (RMNH, ZMH, HC, UZM, EI, ZMB, ZIL, CVR, CNC). From the Afrotropical region: Ivory Coast (Bingerville) and S. Africa (Pretoria) (MAC, TMP). Variation: Antennal segments 37—44; length of fore wing 3.3—5.9, and of body 2.9—5.1 mm; length of Ist tergite 1.3—1.6 times fore wing; length of ovipositor sheath 0.60—1.20 times fore wing and exceptionally apex of hind tibia infuscated. Known hosts of examined specimens: Acleris variana (Fernald), Archips rosaceana Harris, and Grapholita molesta (Busck). Tribus HOMOLOBINI nov. Diagnosis. — Occipital carina completely developed medio-dorsally; 3rd labial palp segment well-developed, although often small (fig. 82); tarsal claws with or without a subapical tooth or lamella; anterior tentorial pits deep and large; precoxal suture variable (figs. 105, 204, 616); middle lobe of mesoscutum more or less rounded anteriorly and without a protruding horizontal part (figs. 92, 119); vein 2A of hind wing absent; marginal cell of hind wing widened apicad; mandibles VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 271 twisted apically; vein 2-R1 of fore wing absent (fig. 85) or short (fig. 107); scutellum narrowly sculptured medio-posteriorly (figs. 119, 359); fringe of wings short; hind tibial spurs unequal and long, inner spur reaching middle of basitarsus (fig. 99); lateral carina of mesoscutum and vein r-m of fore wing present (fig. 18). Distribution. — Cosmopolitan. Contains two genera: Exasticolus gen. nov. and Homolobus Foerster. Genus Exasticolus nov. Etymology: from “‘n§aotic’’ (Greek for“fringe”) and “x ov’ (Greek for “‘leg’’), because of the fringe- like comb apically at the inner side of the hind tibia. Gender: masculine. Type-species: Zele fuscicornis Cameron. Diagnosis. — Length of body 7.1—10.5, and of fore wing 6.6—10.1 mm; ventral margin of clypeus thin, separated from clypeus (fig. 91) and smooth; eyes bare, large, and distinctly emarginate (fig. 96); temples roundly narrowed apicad (fig. 86); metapleural flange large, lamelliform (fig. 80); precoxal suture mainly smooth (figs. 80, 105); antescutal depression medium-sized to rather large, deep (fig. 119); 3rd segment of labial palp small, length of 4th segment 6—12 times 3rd segment (figs. 82, 97, 117); ocelli large (fig. 91); epistomal suture present; pleural suture shallowly and narrowly crenulate (fig. 80); metapleuron mainly smooth (figs. 92, 105); episternal scrobe deep and small to medium-sized; notauli complete, and narrowly impressed (fig. 119); scutellar suture deep, with one longitudinal carina; scutellum smooth and convex; side of scutellum mainly smooth but posteriorly crenulate; propodeum at most with some irregular carinae, mainly smooth and its posterior part not separated from its antero-dorsal part; propodeal spiracle large, (sub)elliptical (fig. 80); antepropodeal depression medium-sized; 1-SR+M of fore wing curved distad (figs. 85, 94); Ist discal cell of fore wing subpetiolate; r of hind wing absent; SR of hind wing straight; SC+ RI of hind wing rather straight; 2- SC+R of hind wing short; 1 r-m of hind wing more (figs. 85, 94) or less (fig. 107) curved distad; cu-a of fore wing long and straight; parastigma large (fig. 85); 1A +2A and SRI of fore wing mainly straight; tarsi with a weakly-developed row of setae ventrally; inner aspect of hind tibia with a well-developed comb of bristles apically (figs. 98, 882); claws with a rather small, slender subapical tooth; length of hind femur 5.2—7.2 times its width; length of Ist tergite 2.2—3.0 times its apical width; Ist tergite concave medio-basally, convex medially and apically rather flat; 2nd tergite with a sharp crease laterally (fig. 80); metasoma of 9 compressed apically; length of ovipositor sheath 0.06—0.10 times fore wing. Biology. — The only host record (of E. nigriceps (Enderlein)) indicates a relation to the Lasiocampidae, which may suggests the function of the peculiar comb of the hind tibia. The comb may facilitate walking on the webs of the hosts during infestation. The Lasiocampidae are not known to be hosts of Homolobus, the sister-group of Exasticolus. Distribution. — New World, contains three known species. 272: TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Key to the species of the genus Exasticolus 1. Middle coxa with an antero-ventral tooth (figs. 80, 89); 2nd tergite behind its middle rugulose-aciculate (fig. 90); hind basitarsus stout, its length 6.4—6.8 times its maximum width (fig. 733); length of maxillary palp of © 1.2—1.3 times heiehtof head: way ee tuberculatus spec. nov. (p. 272) — Middle coxa without a tooth (fig. 128); 2nd tergite usually smooth, at most anterior half somewhat rugulose or pimply (figs. 104, 111); hind basitarsus slender, its length 9.1—10.4 times its width (fig. 99); length of maxillary palp of O 152. times heightof head... ern Men ONE 2 2. Length of malar space of 9 0.4—0.6 times basal width of mandible (fig. 96); face less coarsely rugose and yellowish (fig. 96); vertex with long rugae, reaching stemmaticum (fig. 95), exceptionally reduced; hind leg of 9 yellowish, exceptionally partly dark brown .. fuscicornis (Cameron) (p. 273) — Length of malar space of 9 0.2—0.3 times basal width of mandible (fig. 110); face coarsely rugose and blackish-brown (fig. 110); vertex almost smooth, at most with some short rugae which do not reach the stemmaticum (fig. 116); hind leg of © partly dark brown ......... nigriceps (Enderlein) (p. 275) Exasticolus tuberculatus spec. nov. (figs. 80—91, 731—733) Holotype, 9, length of body and of fore wing both 9.1 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 47, 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment and with an indistinctly developed ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.9 and 3.1 times their width, respectively, both penultimate segments 2.7 and 2.3 times their width, respectively (fig. 83); length of maxillary palp 1.3 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.4 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 4: 6: 4; frons smooth, rather flat; vertex dull coriaceous, and with some rugae anteriorly (fig. 86); face shiny coriaceous, weakly convex; clypeus convex, indistinctly punctate (fig. 91); malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum smooth, but medio-anteriorly crenulate, posteriorly and ventrally narrowly rugose (fig. 80); epicnemial area and mesopleuron smooth; precoxal suture weakly impressed, only anteriorly with some rugae (fig. 80); notauli narrowly crenulate (fig. 731); mesoscutal lobes remotely and indistinctly punctulate; surface of propodeum submedially with some transverse rugae and anteriorly with a weak medial carina, remainder smooth. Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 8: 12 : 51; 1-CUI : 2-CUl = 2: 26; 2-SR: 3-SR : r-m = 13: 12:8; 2A only developed as a brownish stripe; area basally of 2A mainly bare as basal third of subbasal cell. Hind wing: Ir-m curved distad (fig. 81). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate, with some striae apico-dorsally (fig. 80); middle coxa with a well developed tooth antero-ventrally (fig. 89); claws indistinctly yellowish pectinate basally, except the inner claw (figs. 87, 88); femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 5.2, 9.5, and 6.8 times their width, respectively; length of VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 273 spurs of hind tibia 0.8 and 0.6 times basitarsus, somewhat curved, almost straight. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.2 times its apical width, its surface rather coarsely rugose behind the spiracles (fig. 80); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent, except for a basal remnant, and its spiracles protruding; anterior third of 2nd tergite almost smooth, somewhat coriaceous, its posterior two-thirds distinctly obliquely rugose-aciculate; 3rd tergite only pimply; length of ovipositor sheath 0.09 time fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum and vertex around stemmaticum, blackish; mesoscutum somewhat more dark brown. Holotype in TC, Ann Arbor: “Nova Teutonia, Braz., Santa Catarina, x.4.48, Fritz Plaumann’’. Paratype: 1 9, CNC, “Nova Teutonia, 27°11’S, 52°23’W, Brazil, 300—500 m, 25.1x.1948, Fritz Plaumann”. Paratype: length of fore wing 9.3 mm, length of ovipositor sheath 0.10 times fore wing; length of maxillary palp 1.2 times length of head; length of hind basitarsus 6.4 times its width; 2nd tergite medially sculptured, but apical third mainly smooth. Exasticolus fuscicornis (Cameron) comb. nov. (figs. 92—104, 882—884) Cameron, 1887, Biologia cent.-am., Hym. 1: 509, fig. 17—4 (as Zele). Viereck, 1911, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 40: 478 (Zele rosenbergi). Syn. nov. Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 224—226. Holotype, 9, length of body 10.5, of fore wing 10.1 mm. Head. — Antenna incomplete (but in 9 other 9 specimens 42—48), remaining segments 13, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segment 3.8 and 3.1 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.7 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.4 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 4: 10: 4; frons concave, and almost smooth; vertex finely coriaceous, with some coarse rugae anteriorly, which reach the stemmaticum (fig. 95); face rather smooth and flat, near antennal sockets and laterally weakly transversely striate (fig. 96); clypeus convex, smooth, except for some punctures medially and some striae laterally; malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum smooth, except for some medial and apical rugae (fig. 92); epicnemial area smooth, except for some short rugae; mesopleuron superficially punctulate; precoxal suture absent, except for a shallow, smooth depression; notauli almost smooth anteriorly, medially superficially and finely crenulate (fig. 101); mesoscutal lobes smooth; surface of propodeum mainly smooth, except for an irregular transverse carina and some rugae between the dorsal and posterior surface (fig. 92). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 16: 11: 57; 1-CUI : 2-CUI = 3: 21; 2-SR: 3-SR : r-m = 15: 11: 7; 2A and surroundings as in tuberculatus. Hind wing: Ir-m more or less curved distad (fig. 92). Legs. — Hind coxa smooth, but dorso-apically striate (fig. 92); middle coxa without tubercle; inner hind claw equal to its outer claw (but in some specimens 274 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 slightly different), setose; femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 6.2, 9.9, and 10.0 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.0 times its apical width, its surface superficially and irregularly striate laterally (fig. 104); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite superficially developed up to middle of tergite; 2nd tergite smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.06 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; antenna (as much as is present, but scapus, (except for a longitudinal dark brown stripe at the outer side and pedicellus, yellowish), stemmaticum and vertex, blackish-brown; hind basitarsus and spurs lighter than hind tibia. Holotype in BM, London: “Type, H.T.”, “B.M. Type, Hym. 3.c.862”, “B.C.A. Hymen. I., Zele fuscicornis, Cam.”, “Paso Antonio, 400 ft, Champion”, “Zele fuscicornis Cam., Type, B.C.A., ii.4.09.”” (in Cameron’s handwriting). The type- locality is situated in Guatemala. Note. The males are very similar to the females in coloration, at most the metasoma apically and the mesonotum blackish. Sometimes the antennae of both sexes are rather yellowish brown. Total specimens examined: 88 © and 168 &. From the Nearctic region: Ontario (Rondeau Prov. Pk.), Michigan (Ann Arbor), Maryland (Takooma Pk.), South Carolina (Wattacoo; Greenville), Georgia (Forsyth), Florida (Ft. Myers). From the Neotropical region: Mexico (Ver., Minatittan; Palomares, Oaxaco; Teapa, Tabasco), Panama (Fortuna, Chiriqui, 8°44'N, 82°15’W, 1050 m, at light), Costa Rica (Monteverde), Colombia (Dept. Magdalena, Pueblo Bello, 45 km W. Valledupar, Sierra Nevadade, S. Marta, 1100 m; Anchicaya Dam, 1200 (m?), 17 km E. Buenavanture; Colegio, Bolivar; Cundinamarca, Finca Bella Vista, nr. Sasaina), Ecuador (Coca, Napo R., Napo, 250 m; La Toma, W. Loja, 1500 m; Batapamba, 700 (m?); Sto. Domingo, 680 m, Pich. Prov.; Zambra), Surinam (Sipaliwini, at light), Peru (Loreto, Pucallpa; Tingo Maria, 750 m), Bolivia (20 km W. Laranjeiras, Dept. Beni; Rio Itenez, Pampa de Meio, Dept. Beni; mouth of Rio Baures; Rio Mamore, Dept. Beni, approx. 5 km NW mouth of Rio Grande; Rio Mamore, Dept. Santa Cruz, 2 km N. mouth of Rio Chapare; Dpto Santa Cruz, Estac. Experimental General Saavedra; Dpto Santa Cruz, Buena Vista; Alto Beni, Inicua R., 1100 m), Brazil (Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, 27°11’S, 52°33’W, 300—500 m; Sampaio, Teodora; Jatai, Goias; Bahia, Encruzihada, 960 m; Manaus; Pedra Azul, M. Ger., 600 m; Caruaru, 900 m; Serra do Caraca, S. Barbara, M. Ger., 1600 m; Jacareacanga, Para; Linhares, E. Santo; Représa Rio Grande, Guanabare; Itatiaja Nat. Pk., Rio de Jan.; Surumu, Roraine; Reserva Ducke, Manaus; Vilhena, Rond.), Paraguay (Escobar; Filadelfia, Fern. Col. Chaco, at light), and Argentina (Misiones, San Pedro; Salta, Tartagal; Corrientes, Las Narias, Camino Villa Virasoro; Misiones, Dos de Mayo; 11 km W. Las Cejas, Tucuman; La Plata; Horco Molle, nr. Tucuman) (TC, CNC, RMNH, IML, BM, USNM, TMA, MSU, AMNH, CAS). Variation: Antennal segments 42—49; length of body 6.5—8.6, of fore wing 5.7—8.4 mm; length of ovipositor sheath 0.05—0.08 times fore wing; Ist tergite 2.2—2.9 times its apical width. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 275 The holotype of Zele rosenbergi Viereck (9, USNM, Washington: “Chanchamayo, E. Peru”, “Collection Rosenberg”, “Type No. 13797. U.S.N.M.”, “Zele rosenbergi Vier. Type, Q”’) is a typical fuscicornis specimen. The length of the malar space is 0.5 times basal width of mandible; claws absent; vein Ir-m of hind wing somewhat more curved than in holotype of fuscicornis. Exasticolus nigriceps (Enderlein) comb. nov. (figs. 105— 111, 116— 119) Enderlein, (1918) 1920, Arch. Naturgesch. 84A (11): 217. Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 225. Holotype, 9, length of body 7.8, of fore wing 7.3 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 46, 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segment 3.8 and 2.9 times their width, respectively, its penultimate segments 1.8 and 2.3 times their width; length of maxillary palp 1.7 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.9 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 6: 8: 4; frons concave, smooth; vertex convex, largely smooth, slightly coriaceous (fig. 116); face rather flat and mainly, rather coarsely, transversely rugose (fig. 110); clypeus convex, smooth, except for some punctures; malar space 0.3 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum smooth, except for some medial and apical rugae (fig. 105); epicnemial area smooth, but anteriorly with some short rugae; mesopleuron superficially punctulate; precoxal suture absent, except for a smooth, weak depression (fig. 105); notauli finely and densely crenulate (fig. 119); mesoscutal lobes superficially punctulate; surface of propodeum mainly smooth, only submedially with an irregular transverse carina and some rugae (fig. 105). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR: SRI = 12: 12: 58; 1-CUI : 2-CUI = 2: 25; 2-SR: 3-SR : r-m = 14: 12: 7; 2A present as a short remnant (fig. 107). Hind wing: Ir-m straight; short remnant of 2A present. Legs. — Hind coxa smooth, except for some striae dorso-apically (fig. 108); middle coxa without tubercle; hind claws absent; femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 6.2, 9.9, and 10.0 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.9 times its apical width, its surface irregularly, longitudinally striate, with a smooth tubercle apically (fig. 111); dorsal carinae almost reaching apex of Ist tergite; 2nd tergite smooth, but superficially pimply; length of ovipositor sheath 0.06 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; head (except for mandibles), 3rd-11th antennal segments and apical 0.7 of hind tibia, blackish-brown; scapus and pedicellus, partly reddish-brown; hind tarsus and palpi rather whitish-yellow. Holotype in PAN, Warsaw: “Mexico, Chiapas, L. Conradt S., 15—11—07”, “Type”, “Zele nigriceps Enderl., 9, Type, Dr. Enderlein, det. 1918”, “Mus. Zool. Polonicum, Warsawa 12/45”. 276 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Number of additional specimens examined: 9 9 and 3 Z. Variation: length of body 7.1—7.5, of fore wing 6.6—7.5 mm, length of Ist tergite 2.5—2.9 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.07—0.08 times fore wing; antennal segments 44—48; length of maxillary palp 1.5—2.1 times height of head; dorsal carinae of Ist tergite sometimes absent or nearly so; length of malar space of 9 0.2—0.3 times basal width of mandible (in males 0.3—0.4 times). Additional specimens examined from: Costa Rica (San Pedro de Montes de Oca), Ecuador (Loja; Coca & Napo Rivers; Playas de Montalro), Peru (nr. Marcapata, 30 m), Bolivia (Cochabamba, 17 km E. Villa Tunari), (British) Guyana (Upper Courantyne R., King Frederick, William IV Falls), and Brazil (Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina; Villa Vera, 12°30’S, 50°31’W; Sinop, M. Grosso, 12°31’S, 55°37’W) (USNM, BM, IML, TC, RMNH). Only one specimen (from Costa Rica) was reared, the host being Gloveria ballovi Schaus, and belonging to the Lasiocampidae (Lepidoptera). Genus Homolobus Foerster Foerster, 1862, Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl. 19: 256. Capek, 1969, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 71: 308. Watanabe, 1969, id. 71: 318—325, figs. 1—7. Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 142. Shenefelt, 1970, id. 5(2): 220— 227. Capek, 1970, Can. Ent. 102: 851, 853, 868, 869. Marsh, 1971, Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 56: 847. Tobias, 1971, Tr. Vsesoyuzn. ent. Obshch. 54: 180, 230, 231. Capek, 1972, Ent. Problémy 10: 133, 136. Capek, 1973, Acta Inst. forest. zvol.: 262. Mason, 1973, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 75: 213. Kabasinskaite & Jakimavicius, 1973, Acta ent. Lituanica 2: 80, 86. Papp, 1974, Fol. Ent. Hung. 27: 125—129, fig. 1. Jakimavicius, 1974, Tr. AN. Lit. SSR B, 2(66): 97. Capek, 1975, Biolögia 30(11): 819. Gauld & Huddleston, 1976, Entomologist’s Gaz. 27: 47. Van Achterberg, 1976b, Tijdschr. Ent. 119: 37, 39, 44, 50, figs. 103, 104. Jakimavicius, 1976, Tr. AN Lit. SSR B, 2(74): 90, 93, 95. Tobias, 1976, Opr. Fauna SSSR 110: 31, 131, 133, fig. 39: 1—10. Type-species: Phylax discolor Wesmael. Synonyms: Zele auct. nec Curtis, 1832; Phylax Wesmael, 1835, nec Dahl, 1823; Phylacter Reinhard, 1863 (nom. nov. for Phylax Wesmael); Apatia Enderlein, (1918)1920. Syn. nov. Diagnosis. — Length of body 4.4—14.6, of fore wing 4.6—15.9 mm; ventral margin of clypeus rather thin, not (fig. 132) or distinctly (fig. 360) separated from clypeus, smooth; eyes bare, large, weakly emarginate at inner sides (fig. 572) or almost immarginate (fig. 525); metapleural flange large, more (fig. 327) or less (fig. 416) lamelliform; precoxal suture variable; antescutal depression medium-sized to large, deep, with 1—3 longitudinal carinae (figs. 250, 331) or only crenulate (fig. 332), 3rd segment of labial palp medium-sized to small, length of 4th segment VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 277 1.6— 7.0 times 3rd segment (figs. 164, 265); epistomal suture complete (fig. 311); ocelli medium-sized (fig. 213) to large (figs. 127, 275); pleural suture rather narrowly and shallowly crenulate (fig. 616); metapleuron smooth (fig. 263) to coarsely sculptured (fig. 527); episternal scrobe deep, medium-sized (figs. 633, 647); notauli complete, rather narrowly (fig. 473) to widely (fig. 413) impressed and crenulate; scutellum smooth or punctulate, and convex; side of scutellum crenulate (fig. 332), rugose (fig. 454) or striate (fig. 413); propodeum mainly smooth (fig. 128), coarsely areolate (fig. 400), or extensively rugose (fig. 414); antero-dorsal part of propodeum not (fig. 120) or distinctly (fig. 513) separated from its posterior part; propodeal spiracle medium-sized to large, elliptical or rather round (figs. 527, 541, 577); antepropodeal depression rather wide to medium-sized (figs. 250, 286, 661); 1-SR+M of fore wing straight (figs. 130, 368); 1st discal cell of fore wing sessile (figs. 196, 484) or subpetiolate (figs. 469, 455); r of hind wing present (fig. 122) or absent (fig. 147); SR of hind wing variable (figs. 184, 243, 368, 435); SC + RI of hind wing straight (fig. 425) to curved (fig. 343); 2-SC+R of hind wing rather long (fig. 196), short and quadrate (figs. 266, 267) to vertical (figs. 506, 507); Ir-m of hind wing straight (fig. 122); cu-a of fore wing long, inclivous (fig. 130), straight (fig. 147) or somewhat curved basad (fig. 494); parastigma large (figs. 122, 484) to medium-sized (fig. 603); 1A+2A and SRI of fore wing straight (fig. 147) or 1A +2A (figs. 368, 369) and SRI (fig. 258) curved; tarsi without a ventral row of setae; inner aspect of apex of hind tibia without a comb of bristles; claws very variable, simple and without a subapical tooth (fig. 252), with subapical tooth (figs. 350, 351), with a ventral lamella (fig. 392), or with an enlarged lamella (figs. 393, 394); length of hind femur 4.7—8.1 times its width; length of Ist tergite 1.7—4.8 times its apical width; Ist tergite concave medio- basally and more or less convex medially (figs. 489, 615); 2nd tergite with a sharp lateral crease (fig. 401) or with a rounded fold (fig. 120); metasoma of 9 compressed apically (fig. 231); length of ovipositor sheath 0.04—0.79 times fore wing. Biology. — The numerous host records indicate that the species of Homolobus are parasites of caterpillars with more or less exposed way of life, mainly belonging to the families Noctuidae and Geometridae. Distribution. — Cosmopolitan. Contains five subgenera: Apatia Enderlein, Chartolobus subgen. nov., Homolobus Foerster, Phylacter Reinhard, and Oulophus subgen. nov. Subgenus Apatia Enderlein stat. nov. Enderlein, (1918) 1920, Arch. Naturgesch. 84A(11): 219. Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 142. Type-species: Apatia simillima Enderlein (= Bracon truncator Say). Diagnosis. — Length of body 4.4—9.0, of fore wing 4.6—8.7 mm; antennal segments 38—54; its 3rd—6th segments without a ridge at the inner side (figs. 879, 880); length of outer aspect of 4th segment of labial palp 1.6—5.5 times 3rd 278 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 segment; length of maxillary palp 1.0—1.4 times height of head; length of malar space 0.4—1.6 times basal width of mandible; temples roundly narrowed apicad (figs. 127, 163); length of hind femur 4.7—7.4 times its width; claws simple or nearly so, without subapical tooth or lamella (figs. 123, 152, 212); apices of hind tibial spurs of ¢ truncate and pigmented (figs. 112, 712) or sharp and hyaline (figs. 710, 713); inner hind claw of 9 convex or straight basally, equal to its outer claw (figs. 202, 203, 881); IA +2A of fore wing straight; basal third of SR of hind wing mainly pigmented, not sclerotized (figs. 122, 130), straight (fig. 147) or weakly curved (fig. 161); SC+RI of hind wing straight (fig. 146) or weakly curved (fig. 194); r of hind wing exceptionally present (fig. 122); length of Ist tergite 2.0—3.6 times its apical width; 2nd tergite smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.04—0.26 times fore wing; posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 128). Distribution. — With 11 out of 14 species (or 78.5%) occurring in the Afrotropical region, this is the main centre of speciation of this subgenus. Two species are extremely widely distributed: truncator occurs in the Holarctic, Neotropical and Oriental regions, while ophioninus is found in the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, and Australian regions. Key to the species of the subgenus Apatia 1. Vein r of hind wing present, at least posteriorly (fig. 122); vein SR of hind wing weakly curved (fig. 122); lateral aspect of hind tibial spurs of g sharp apically; Oriental ea Ge ecient cae shat CR ar elagabalus (Nixon) (p. 280) — Veinr of hind wing absent (fig. 130); vein SR of hind wing, and tibial spurs of & variable... ette dea See ERO 2 2. First tergite black or dark brown, strongly contrasting with the, at least partly, whitish 2nd and 3rd tergites of metasoma; propodeum mainly smooth (fig. 128); or vein SRI of fore wing straight (fig. 147) and precoxal suture mainly smooth (MR. 14a Sn ar A I NE 3 — Basal tergites of metasoma brownish-yellow, if more or less dark brown, then 2nd tergite yellowish, dark brown, or blackish and less contrasting; propodeum sculptured posteriorly (fig. 158); vein SRI of fore wing more or less curved towards RI (figs. 161, 184), if straight, then precoxal suture extensively sculptured (fig 204) EN 4 3. Malar space comparatively short (fig. 132), 0.4—0.6 times basal width of mandible; mesoscutal lobes smooth (fig. 136); veins SRI of fore wing and SR of hind wing curved (fig. 130); claws without small prominence subapically (fig. 133); apices of hind tibial spurs of @ truncate; Australian .......... ee wel RONN australiensis (Nixon) (p. 282) — Malar space comparatively long (fig. 151), 0.9—1.4 times basal width of mandible; mesoscutal lobes punctulate (fig. 157); veins SR1 of fore wing and SR of hind wing straight (figs. 146, 147); claws with a minute subapical prominence (figs. 152, 153); apices of hind tibial spurs of G sharp; Afrotropical (Malagasy, Grande'Comiore)) er ee albipalpis (Granger) (p. 283) VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 279 Length of outer aspect of 4th segment of labial palp 3.0—5.0 times the small 3rd segment (figs. 200, 222, 235), if intermediate, then vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal (fig. 206) and/or apical half of metasoma mainly dark brown or eels ksi Singer eh rss ia ee fer Nas ker pe 5 Length of outer aspect of 4th segment of labial palp 1.6—2.8 times the medium-sized 3rd segment (figs. 246, 257, 265); vein cu-a of fore wing more or less postfurcal (figs. 266, 329); metasoma mainly yellowish apically ....... 9 Tarsal claws of @ without any prominence (figs. 202, 203); vein SRI of fore wing curved towards RI (figs. 161, 196); vein SR of hind wing more or less sinuate (figs. 184, 196); Malagasy or non-Afrotropical .................. 6 Tarsal claws of 9 with a tiny rounded subapical prominence (figs. 212, 225); veins SRI of fore wing and SR of hind wing straight or nearly so (figs. 206, PBA fricamicontinent ion ar Sanat el Sa Re Va Bea 7 Length of 4th segment of labial palp ca. 4—5.5 times the 3rd segment (fig. 185); upper part of mesopleuron and mesoscutum smooth (figs. 182, 186); veins r and 3-SR of fore wing of equal width (fig. 161); vein SR of hind wing moderately sinuate (fig. 184) or almost straight; Holarctic, Neotropical, Oriental ARE OST ee elt heated truncator (Say) (p. 285) Length of 4th segment of labial palp ca. 3.0—3.5 times 3rd segment (fig. 200); upper part of mesopleuron and mesoscutum punctulate or punctate (figs. 191, 201); vein r of fore wing wider than vein 3-SR (fig. 196); vein SR of hind wing rather strongly sinuate (figs. 194, 196); Malagasy rufithorax (Granger) (p. 289) Length of malar space 1.2—1.6 times basal width of mandible (fig. 210); apical third of metasoma blackish or dark brown ...... maculatus spec. nov. (p. 291) Length of malar space 0.7—1.0 times basal width of mandible (figs. 229, 238), if intermediate, then apical third of metasoma yellowish .................. 8 Vein r of fore wing longer than 3-SR (fig. 219); subapical prominence of claws of 9 very small, scarcely visible at 80x (figs. 225, 226); head, antenna and hind leg mainly dark brown; palpi, tegulae, fore and middle coxae yellowish-white; Ne! nern mate oad NI nimble ali alternipes spec. nov. (p. 292) Vein r of fore wing shorter than 3-SR (fig. 234), exceptionally of equal length; subapical prominence of claws of 9 small, but at 80x easily visible (fig. 237); head, antenna, hind leg, palpi, tegulae, fore and middle coxae brownish- VEIlOWESHATLIEA, krieg ya en Bow. priapus (Nixon) (p. 293) Vein SR of hind wing strongly sinuate (figs. 243, 258); marginal cell of hind wing distinctly narrowed medially in respect to its basal width (fig. 254); middle lobe of mesoscutum finely and densely punctate or punctulate (figs. 250, 262); scapus more or less dark brown; vein SC+RI of hind wing Bo mparativelysshort (figs2254, 259) u. an. va... Os OR. mi. aha: 10 Vein SR of hind wing weakly sinuate (fig. 266); marginal cell of hind wing not or weakly constricted medially in respect to its basal width (fig. 290); middle lobe of mesoscutum smooth or weakly punctulate (fig. 300); scapus mainly yellowish; vein SC + RI of hind wing somewhat longer (figs. 267, 307).... 11 . Marginal cell of hind wing constricted just after middle of the cell (fig. 243); length of ovipositor sheath 0.24—0.26 times fore wing, the exserted ovipositor ID. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 longer than 1.5 times length of Ist tergite (fig. 240); propodeum and Ist tergite irregularly sculptured (figs. 240, 253); C. Africa lacteiceps spec. nov. (p. 294) Marginal cell of hind wing constricted in front of middle of the cell (fig. 258); length of ovipositor sheath ca. 0.14 times fore wing, the exserted ovipositor slightly longer than Ist tergite (fig. 280); propodeum and Ist tergite evenly, finely and densely rugulose (figs. 142,255), 8: Africa tli ER RENNER: pulchricornis (Nixon) (p. 296) . Vein 2-SC+R of hind wing transverse, longer than wide (fig. 290); length of hind femur 5.6— 7.2 times its maximum width, usually comparatively slender (fig. 291), if intermediate, then upper condyli of mandibles rather far below lower level of eyes, or first tergite more slender, longer than 2.2 times its apical width (fig. 311); lateral aspect of hind tibial spurs of 3 more or less truncate apically:(figs: 296,297)... ne an FORO ORI 12 Vein 2-SC+R of hind wing vertical or quadrate (fig. 267); length of hind femur 4.6-5.8 times its maximum width, comparatively stout (fig. 269); upper condyli of mandibles comparatively close to lower level of eyes (fig. 270); Ist tergite stout (fig. 271), its length 1.7—2.2 times its apical width; lateral aspect of hind tibial spurs of & sharp apically (figs. 272,273) huddlestoni spec. nov. (p. 297) Frontal aspect of head comparatively long, trapezoidal (figs. 311, 330); upper condyli of mandibles of 9 distinctly below lower level of eyes (figs. 311, 330); length of malar space 0.8—1.1 times basal width of mandible, if exceptionally shorter, then claws setose basally (figs. 313, 314)...................... 13 Frontal aspect of head comparatively short, transverse (fig. 301); upper condyli of mandibles of 9 close to lower level of eyes; length of malar space 0.3—0.7 times basal width of mandible; claws yellowish pectinate basally (fig. QI TA eers Ge eM A TEE Cu A AN ophioninus (Vachal) (p. 298) . Vein SC+RI of hind wing somewhat curved and shorter (figs. 306, 307); marginal cell of hind wing usually less widened apicad, its apical width 1.9—2.2 times its maximum basal width (fig. 306); length of fore wing 3.5—7.1 mm; claws only setose or indistinctly pectinate basally (figs. 313, 314); Ovipositor sheath in undistorted position rather wide apically (fig. 303): EE AL RE EEN EBEN Ar truncatoides spec. nov. (p. 300) Vein SC+RI of hind wing almost straight and somewhat longer (figs. 329, 337); marginal cell of hind wing more widened apicad, its apical width 2.4—2.6 times its maximum basal width (fig. 329); length of fore wing 7.0—9.5 mm; claws distinctly pectinate basally (figs. 339, 340); ovipositor sheath somewhat moresslender (104339) MN a eee pallidistigmus (Cameron) (p. 303) Homolobus (Apatia) elagabalus (Nixon) comb. nov. (figs. 120— 127, 284, 332, 333) Nixon, 1938, Bull. ent. Res. 29: 417, fig. If (as Zele). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 223, 224. Holotype, 9, length of body 6.3, of fore wing 6.6 mm. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 281 Head. — Antennal segments 33, but apical segments missing (44 according to original description), 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.2 and 3.0 times their width, respectively; length of 4th labial palp segment ca. 3 times 3rd segment (fig. 125); length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; inner sides of eyes weakly emarginate (fig. 126); dorsal length of eye 3.7 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 7: 8: 5; frons almost flat, smooth; vertex largely smooth, somewhat punctulate by insertions of the setae; face rather flat, finely rugose-punctate, only laterally more coriaceous (fig. 126); clypeus flattened, almost smooth, somewhat punctulate; apical margin of clypeus convex medially and not distinctly separated from clypeus; length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.2 times its height; side of pronotum almost smooth, except for some short crenulae medially and rugosity posteriorly (fig. 120); epicnemial area largely smooth, somewhat superficially rugose near subalar pit (fig. 120); precoxal suture scarcely impressed, superficially reticulate- punctate; rest of mesopleuron mainly smooth; metapleural flange wide, lamelliform, and rounded apically (fig. 120); metapleuron largely smooth, reticulate-carinate ventrally; notauli rather narrow (fig. 332); mesoscutal lobes smooth, except for some punctulation; surface of propodeum mainly smooth anteriorly, with a short irregular medial carina, medially and posteriorly transversely rugose (fig. 120). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR: SR 1 = 10: 13: 60; SRI curved anteriad; cu-a slightly inclivous and apically curved basad (fig. 122); 1-CUI : 2-CU1 = 2: 24; 2- SR : 3-SR : r-m = 11 : 13 : 7; 2A well developed (fig. 122); area basally of 2A remotely setose. Hind wing: r present, dividing the marginal cell into two subequal parts; SC + Rl] and base of SR curved. Legs. — Hind legs absent; fore and middle claws pectinate (figs. 123, 124); length of middle tibial spurs 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.7 times its apical width, its surface smooth (fig. 333); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.6 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; antenna (but apically lighter) and stemmaticum, dark brown; pterostigma more transparent yellowish. Holotype in BM, London: “Type”, “B.M. Type, Hym., 3.c.678”, “Zele elagabalus Nixon, Type, 9, 1938”, “1938/16 slide”, “3836”, “pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. BM. 1939-92”, “Parasite on Selepa celtis”, “Dehra Dun, U.P., 26.x1.1935”, “SNC Expt. No. 1294”. Paratypes: 10 3, belonging to the reared series from which the holotype was selected. The tibial spurs are sharp and hyaline apically, number of antennal segments 41—42, anterior half of vein r of hind wing absent; vertex and temples punctulate; area basally of 2A of fore wing mainly bare, and precoxal suture somewhat more rugose-striate than in holotype. Additional specimens examined (7 ©) from Thailand (Bangkok, ex caterpillar feeding on Sandoricum indicum) and Philippines (Manila) (BM, TMA, RMNH). Variation: vertex and temple punctulate or finely punctate; length of malar space 0.4—0.5 times basal width of mandible; length of fore wing 5.6— 7.5 mm; length of 282 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 ovipositor sheath 0.04—0.08 times fore wing. The 9 from Manila is slightly aberrant: hind leg somewhat darkened, pterostigma and metasoma mainly dark brown, and left hind wing with a short vein m-cu (fig. 284). Homolobus (Apatia) australiensis (Nixon) comb. nov. (figs. 128— 137) Nixon, 1938, Bull. ent. Res. 29: 419 (as Zele). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 221. Holotype, 9, length of body 6.5, of fore wing 6.7 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 37, but apical segments missing (according to original description 46), 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.6 and 3.2 times their width, respectively; length of 4th labial palp segment 2.9 times 3rd segment (fig. 131); length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; inner sides of eyes weakly emarginate (fig. 132); dorsal length of eye 2.3 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 6: 7: 6; frons rather flat, largely smooth, with some striae near anterior ocellus and punctulate laterally (fig. 134); vertex mainly smooth, except for some punctulation; face and clypeus flattened, punctulate (fig. 132); apical margin of clypeus weakly convex and not distinctly separated from clypeus; length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum smooth, but with some crenulae medially and apically (fig. 128); epicnemial area smooth, but somewhat punctulate anteriorly; precoxal suture scarcely impressed, rugose-punctate medially and indistinctly punctate anteriorly and posteriorly (fig. 128); rest of mesopleuron smooth; metapleural flange large, lamelliform and truncate apically (fig. 128); metapleuron smooth, except for some carinae ventrally; notauli medium-sized, strongly crenulate (fig. 136); mesoscutal lobes smooth; surface of propodeum smooth, except for some indistinctly developed rugosity posteriorly, without carinae (fig. 128). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 10: 17: 74; SRI curved anteriad; cu-a inclivous and apically curved basad (fig. 130); 1-CU1 : 2-CU1 = 1: 10; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = ca. 14: 17: 10; 2A well developed (fig. 130); area basally of 2A remotely setose. Hind wing: r absent; SC + Rl and SR weakly curved. Legs. — Hind coxa smooth; claws simple, long setose and with some bristly setae basally (fig. 133); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 7.4, 11.5, and 10.8 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus; outer side of hind tibia rather spiny (fig. 137). Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.0 times its apical width, its surface smooth, except for some punctulation; dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent, except for a vague remnant basally (fig. 135); length of ovipositor sheath 0.07 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; antenna (except main part of scapus and pedicellus), stemmaticum, hind leg and metasoma, blackish-brown, but 2nd tergite laterally, 3rd tergite laterally and apically, metasoma baso-ventrally, apex of hypopygium and ovipositor sheath, whitish-yellow; pterostigma, C+SC+R and RI of fore wing, brown; wing membrane weakly infuscated. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 283 Holotype in BM, London: “Type”, “B.M., Type, Hym., 3.c.680”. “Zele australiensis Nixon, holotype, © ”, “MacKay, Queensland, 1909—45”, “MacKay, 2.94”, “912”. Total number of additional specimens examined: 27 © and 19 4, all from Australia. Queensland: Bluff Range, nr. Biggenden; Mt. Crosby; Mt. Cootha; Mt. Tamborine; Brisbane. New South Wales: Woodford; Willowtree; | mi. W. Wombeyan Cayes; 2 mi. N. Boonoo Boonoo, nr. Tentifield; Mt. Brown. Western Australia: Drummonds Cove, nr. Geraldton; Jacup; 19 mi. ENE. Perth. Northern Territories: McArthur River, 14 km SW. Cape Crawford. Australian Capital Territory: Blundell’s F.C.T.; Handmarsh Falls, at light; Canberra. Southern Australia: Cape Jervis. Victoria: Nowa Nowa; Mt. Hotham. Tasmania: Mt. Barrow; Coles Bay; Togari; Port Davey; Port Arthur (TC, BM, CNC, RMNH, CSIRO). Variation: Length of ovipositor sheath 0.06—0.07 times fore wing; length of malar space 0.4—0.6 times basal width of mandible; length of fore wing 6.3—6.7 mm; length of 4th segment of labial palp 2.3—2.6 times 3rd segment; apices of hind tibial spurs of G truncate and pigmented apically; middle of propodeum finely rugose or rather coarsely sculptured; wing membrane rather hyaline to dark brown; sometimes middle legs, propodeum and metanotum, blackish; 2nd and 3rd tergites often mainly whitish-yellow, except for a narrow blackish longitudinal stripe at middle of 2nd tergite, but exceptionally absent; head colour varies from mainly brownish-yellow to dark brown or black. The (in the genus Homolobus) unusual blackish/whitish colour markings may indicate that australiensis belongs to a mimetic complex of species. The same colour pattern occurs in Homolobus also in species from Malagasy, which are not closely related to australiensis. Homolobus (Apatia) albipalpis (Granger) comb. nov. (figs. 144—157) Granger, 1949, Mém. Inst. scient. Madagascar 2A: 378, fig. 384 (as Zele). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 221. Redescribed after a 9 from Ranomafana (Malagasy), length of body 4.4, of fore wing 4.6 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 40, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.7 and 3.1 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.6 and 1.8 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 4.0 times 3rd segment (fig. 154); length of maxillary palp 4.0 times height of head; inner sides of eyes weakly emarginate (fig. 151); dorsal length of eye 2.0 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 9: 9: 12; frons rather flat, with some striae and punctulate laterally; vertex punctulate, rather flat; face weakly convex and punctate; clypeus convex, remotely punctate; apical margin of clypeus rather straight medially and not distinctly separated from clypeus (fig. 151); length of malar space 1.1 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum almost smooth dorsally and ventrally, medio-anteriorly crenulate and posteriorly 284 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 rugose (fig. 144); epicnemial area mainly smooth; precoxal suture absent, except for a shallow depression, weakly punctulate, as rest of mesopleuron; metapleural flange large, stout, rounded apically, bordered by a narrow carina; metapleuron smooth, but with some rugae ventrally; notauli deep and widely crenulate posteriorly, narrowed anteriad (fig. 157); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; anterior surface of propodeum mainly smooth, but posterior half weakly reticulate-rugose (fig. 144). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 11 : 12: 78; SRI straight; cu-a almost straight (fig. 147); 1-CUl : 2-CUl = 3: 31; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 17: 12: 11; 2A shortly developed (fig. 148); area basally of 2A mainly bare. Hind wing: r absent; SR straight; SC + R1 weakly curved (fig. 146). . Legs. — Hind coxa finely punctate and dorso-apically shortly striate; tarsal claws with a scarcely visible subapical prominence (figs. 152, 153), setose basally; length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 5.6, 9.8, and 7.2 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.7 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.3 times its apical width, somewhat narrowed apically, its surface smooth (fig. 156); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.11 times fore wing. Colour. — Yellowish-brown; stemmaticum, metasoma (except for the whitish 2nd and 3rd segments and Ist sternite), black; 2nd and 3rd tergites yellowish- white, but apical margin of 3rd tergite narrowly blackish; 1st-3rd segments of labial palp, Ist and 2nd segments of maxillary palp, dark brown; 4th segment of labial palp and 3rd-6th segments of maxillary palp, whitish-yellow. Redescribed after © from Malagasy, Ranomafana, X.1938 (MNHN, Paris). Holotype in MNHN, Paris, &: “Madagascar, Ankaratra, Alt. 1800 m”, “Museum Paris, 11.38, A. Seyrig”, “Type”, “Zele albipalpis Gr., B. Sigwalt”. Antennal segments 47; length of malar space 1.4 times basal width of mandible; length of fore wing and of body both 6.4 mm; length of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head; pronotum and propodeum somewhat more sculptured than in figured specimen; length of Ist tergite 2.7 times its apical width; apices of spurs of hind tibia sharp and hyaline; whole 3rd tergite whitish; 2nd and 3rd segments of labial palp whitish; head, all coxae, fore and middle tarsi, propleuron and pronotum ventrally, infuscated to dark brown; hind tarsus yellowish. Additional specimens examined from Malagasy and Grande Comore, 89 and | & (Malagasy: Mandraka; Manjakatampo; Ankaratra-Antsasbatana, sous forêt, 0—5 h, 1970 m; Sakavondro, 40 m, Fort Dauphin; Andranotobaka, 1400 m, Ambatolampy. Grande Comore: Convalescence, 1700 m; Nioumbadjoe, 505 m). Variation: Length of fore wing 4.1—7.2, of body 3.6—6.8 mm; length of ovipositor sheath 0.11—0.13 times fore wing; length of malar space 0.9—1.4 times basal width of mandible. Length of 4th segment of labial palp 4.0—5.0 times 3rd segment; length of Ist tergite 2.1—2.8 times its apical width; antennal segments 38—47; colour of 3rd tergite completely white to mainly black, palpi mainly white, yellowish, or wholly dark brown, except the 6th segment of maxillary palp (MNHN, RMNH, MAC). Note. In addition I have examined an aberrant series of 5 melanistic 9 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 285 specimens from Andranotobaka (Malagasy, 1400 m, Ambatolampy, MNHN, RMNH). The 2nd and 3rd tergites are mainly blackish, at most are the margins more or less whitish-yellow, the hind leg (except for the coxa and trochanter) and palpi are mainly dark brown, and length of malar space 1.0—1.2 times basal width of mandible. In the key they may run to maculatus, but maculatus differs by the colour, the finely sculptured propodeum, and the longer malar space. This species may be confused with the other almost similarly coloured species from Malagasy, viz., cingulatus and inopinus. But the females of the latter two species have an antennal ridge, the inner hind claw concave basally and the precoxal suture more extensively sculptured. The males are less easy to separate, but the posteriorly scarcely sculptured precoxal suture, the mainly white 3rd tergite and usually whitish apical segments of the palpi of albipalpis may be sufficient to separate them from cingulatus and inopinus. Homolobus (Apatia) truncator (Say) comb. nov. (figs. 112—115, 158—168, 174— 176, 178—190, 711, 879—881) Say, 1828, Contrib. Maclur. Lyc. Philad. 2: 381 (as Bracon). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 227. Wesmael, 1835, Nouv. Mém. Acad. Brux. 9: 161 (Phylax calcarator). Syn. nov. Cresson, 1872, Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 4: 178 (Phylax melleus). Syn. nov. Viereck, 1905, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 19: 279 (Zele crassicalcaratus). Syn. nov. Bengtsson, 1918, Acta Univ. Lund. (2)14(32): 42, fig. 18 (Phylacter fuscitarsis), Syn. nov. Enderlein, (1918) 1920, Arch. Naturgesch. 84A: 218, fig. '0 (Zele unicolor). Syn. nov. Enderlein, (1918) 1920, id. 84A: 219 (Apatia simillima). Syn. nov. Nixon, 1938, Bull. ent. Res. 29: 420, fig. 1d (Zele chlorophthalma (nec Spinola, 1808!). Syn. nov. Papp, 1971, Acta zool. Acad. Sc. hung. 17: 53. Tobias, 1971, Tr. Vsesoyuzn. ent. Obshch. 54: 230. Capek, 1975, Biologia 30: 819. Tobias, 1976, Opr. Fauna SSSR 110: 131, fig. 39: 2—4. Neotype, ©, length of body 6.8, of fore wing 6.3 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 50, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.2 and 2.8 times their width, respectively, penultimate segments 1.9 and 2.3 times their width (fig. 162); length of 4th segment of labial palp ca. 4 times 3rd segment (fig. 164); length of maxillary palp 1.3 times height of head; eyes weakly emarginate at the inner sides (fig. 165); dorsal length of eye 1.6 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 12: 13: 16; frons almost flat, with some superficial striae near antennal sockets (fig. 163); vertex smooth, but with some microstriae near ocelli; face rather flat, superficially rugose below the antennal sockets and punctulate ventrally; clypeus rather flat, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus scarcely separated from clypeus, slightly convex medially (fig. 165); length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible; mandible rather weakly twisted apically (fig. 165). Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum largely smooth, medially widely and posteriorly more narrowly crenulate (fig. 158); epicnemial area rugose-punctate; precoxal suture rather coarsely rugose- punctate (fig. 158); rest of mesopleuron smooth; metapleural flange rather large, 286 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 lamelliform, truncate apically and wide; metapleuron largely smooth, only rugose ventrally; notauli deep, rather widely crenulate (fig. 168); mesoscutal lobes smooth; surface of propodeum narrowly smooth anteriorly and with a short medial irregular carina, medially and posteriorly reticulate-rugose (fig. 158). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 8: 11:52; SRI somewhat curved anteriad (fig. 161); cu-a slightly inclivous and curved; 1-CUI : 2-CU 1 = 2: 21; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 10: 11:7; 2A mainly present as an only pigmented brownish stripe (fig. 161); area basally of 2A mainly bare. Hind wing: r absent; SR and SC + RI weakly curved (fig. 161). Legs. — Hind coxa smooth, except for some microsculpture (fig. 167); tarsal claws simple, setose basally, rather bristly (fig. 160); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 6.0, 9.5, and 8.5 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.7 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.2 times its apical width, its surface rather superficially and irregularly punctate-rugose (fig. 166); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite weakly developed in basal half of tergite; length of ovipositor sheath 0.07 times: fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum black; flagellum of antenna dark brown; palpi and ovipositor sheath rather whitish-yellow. Neotype in RMNH, Leiden: “U.S.A., Mich., Ann Arbor, 25—30.VIII.1976, Malaise-traps, C. van Achterberg”. Note. Males are very similar to the females, but the apices of the spurs of the hind tibia are truncate and pigmented apically (fig. 112). Known hosts of examined specimens belong to the Noctuidae (Amathes smithii (Snellen), Porosagrotis orthogonia (Morrison), and P. tristicula (Morrison)) and to the Geometridae (Hypagyrtis piniata (Packard), Lycia zonaria (Denis & Schiff.), and Semiothisa bitactata (Walker)). Total number of specimens examined: 324 © and 223 &. From the following localities in the New World: British Columbia (3 mi. E. Lytton, 800 ft), New Brunswick (Charlotte Co.), Nova Scotia (Mount Uniacke), Quebec (Kazubazua; Queen’s Park, Aylmer; Wright; Kirks Ferry, light trap; Knigsmerg), Ontario (Chaffeys Locks; Bothwell; Ottawa; Chalk River; Rondeau Park; Leamington; Stratbury; Aylmer West, Malaise-trap), Saskatchewan (Beverley; 2 mi. Scout Lake, 2600 ft; Sceptoe), Alberta (Brooks, Lethbridge; Rotlaw; Duchess), Manitoba (2 mi. W. Stockton), Rhode Island (Westerly), New York (Ithaca, 6 Mile Creek; Oneonta; Otsego L.; Troy; Poughkeepsie; Farmingdale; Elmire), New Jersey (Moorestown), Michigan (George Res., Livingston Co.; Oakland Co.; Ann Arbor, Malaise-trap; Crystal Falls, Iron Co.), Connecticut (Canterbury), Kansas (Lawrence; Elwood; Douglas Co.), Kentucky (Golden Pond, Malaise-trap), Louisiana (Rapides Parish; Shreveport; Bayon Chicot, Evangeline Co.), Montana (Big Spring State Park; Williamsville, Malaise-trap), North Carolina (Black Mts.; Murfreesboro; Faison; Raleigh; Wake Co.), South Carolina (Columbia; Greenville; McClellanville; Table Rock; Wattacoo, Pickers Co.), Indiana (Posey Co., Murphy’s Park, New Harmony), Arkansas (Hope), Maryland (Plummers Island; Prince Georges Co., Beltsville; Takoma Pk.; Patuxent Ref., Bowie; VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 287 Laurel), Virginia (Galax; Charlottesville), Missouri (Cp. Shelby, nr Hattiesburg; Mamon Co., Monroe City), Georgia (Forsyth; Waycross), Illinois (Wheaton, Dupage Co.); Nebraska (Valentine Refuge; Thomas Co., Neb. Nat. Forest, 2.5 mi. W. Halsey; 5 mi. NW. Harrison, 4400 ft), Colorado (Boulder; 6 mi. SE. Maybell, 6200 ft), Minnesota (Moorhead, Clay Co.; Big Fork), Wyoming (Douglass; Sweetwater Co., 11.5 mi. S. Eden; 6 mi. N. Sage), Tennessee (Knoxville), Oregon (Jackson Co., Mt. Ashland, 6500— 7000 ft), Idaho (Butte Co., Crater of Moon), Florida (Subtrop. Exp. Sta., Homestead; Miami; Gainesville, Miachua Co., black light; Lake Placid; De Funiah Spring; Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Stat.; Tall Timbers; Dunedin), California (Murray Kings Co., U.V. light trap; Walliston; Potrero, S.D. Co.; Julian; Cedar Pass, 6000 ft, Warner Mts., Modoc Co.; Cuyamaca; Andreas Cyn., Palm Springs; Orinda Village, Contra Costa Co., San Pablo Ridge, below Eureka Peak, 1000—1200 ft, oak-chaparral zone; 6 mi. E. Coalinga, Fresmo Co., U.V. light trap; Boyd Desert Res. Center, 4 mi. S. Palm Desert, Rw. Co.; 9 mi. W. Lone Pine, Inyo Co.; Kern Co.; San Ignacio L.; Catarina L.; Riverside Co., Agua Caliente, Ind. Res., Palm Canyon), Nevada (Austin Summit, Lander Co., at black & white light; Washoe Co., 21 mi. SE. Eagleville (Cal.); Golconda), New Mexico (Hatch, Raton, 6660 ft, Colfax Co.), Texas (San Antonio, at light; Brownwood; Kerville; Ft. Davis, Limpia Cyn., 5000 ft; Big Band N. P., Panther Junction, 3500—4000 ft), Arizona (Baboquivari Mts.; SW. Research Sta. of AMNH, Cave Creek Cyn., 5400 ft, Chiricahua Mts., Cochise Co.; Indian Wash nr Martinez Lake, Yuma Co., at light; Tuczon; Pima Co., Organ Pipe Cactus Nat. Mon., Williams Springs, flight trap; nr Roosevelt L.; Cochise Co., Pinery Cyn., Chiricahua Mts., Portal; Ajo; Huachuca Mts., Sierra Vista; 3 mi. W. Eager, 7100 ft, Pinon-Juniper zone; Ramsey Cyn., 6000 ft, 15 mi. S. Sierra Vista, Huachuca Mts.), Mexico (Vera Cruz, Fortin; Baja California, Norte, Diablito Cyn., East face Sierra San Pedro Martir, at light; id., Ensenada, at light; id., 7 mi. W. Las Arrastras de Arriola; id., Bajada, 8 mi. E. of Ojos Negros, at light; 20 mi. E. Guasave, Sin.; Santa Clara Cyn., 5 mi. W. Parrita, Chih.; 2 mi. W. Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, swept from alfalfa; Chiap., Suchiapa; Oax., 4 mi. SE. Oaxaca; 20 mi. NNW. Obregon, Son., at light; Citlaltepetl, V. Cruz, 3000 ft; 10 mi. W. Vera Cruz; Sonora, Bahia San Carlos; id., 83 mi. W. Sonoyta; Sinaloa, 25 mi. E. of Los Mochis; Linares, N.L.; Teotihuacan, Pyr. Mex.; 15 km E. Sombrerete, Zac., at light; Fortin de las Flores, 3400 ft, Malaise-trap; Boquillas del Carmen, Coah., 1850 ft; 30 mi. SW. Tehuacan, Pue, 6800 ft; Chipinque Mesa, 5400 ft, nr. Monterrey, N.L.; nr. Jame, 7500 ft, 31 mi. SE. Saltillo, Coah.; 5 mi. S. Monterrey, N.L.; Dgo, 3 mi. E. El Salto, 8500 ft; Sin., 20 mi. E. Concordia, 3000 ft; Dgo, 24 mi. W. La Cuidad, 7000 ft; Dgo, 6 mi. S. Durango, 6100 ft; Oax., El Paredon; Lake Catemaco, Ver.; Dgo, 10 mi. W. El Salto, 9000 ft; Atlacomulco, 8500 ft; Orizaba, Ver.), El Salvador (Quezaltepeque, 500 m), Panama (Cerro Punta, Chiriqui, 6500 ft), Costa Rica (Monte Verde), Guatemala (Sacapulas, 4500 ft), Cuba (Soledad, Cienfuegos; Cuabitas, Stgo. de Cuba, Ote), and Venezuela (Cagua Edo, Aragua, at light) (RMNH, CAS, UCA, TC, USNM, AMNH, CNC, PAC, PAN, MSU, ANSP). From the Palaearctic and Oriental regions: Finland (Dickursby), Sweden (Lund), Denmark (Emelsbu, Sgderjylland; Sondbg; Charlottenlund), East 288 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Germany (Thüringen; Berlin), West Germany (Rheingau, Gusenheim; Föhr; Moosburg; Wurzburg; Garmisch, Ober-Bayern, Ettuler berg, ca. 700 m; id., Murnau, 700 m), Netherlands (Amsterdam; Kasteel Neercanne, St. Pietersberg, at light), Belgium (nr. Charleroy), Czechoslovakia (Karlatejn; Pavlovake Kopce, Bolni Véstonice), Poland (Gdansk), USSR (Moscow; Karagand, S. Tsj.-Arka, pojma, Taldi-Manaka; Karagandinsk obl., 20 km W. Karkaralins; Sveuciouiliym, Lit. SSR), Switzerland (Wallis), Austria (Sud-Tirol, San Martino di Castroza, 1444 m; Sansal Gebirge, 300—500 m, Styria; Nord-Tirol, Oberinntal, Kauns nr. Prutz, 1000— 1400 m), France (Cestas, Gironde; Vallon Pont d'Arc, Ardèche; Grignon; Crimaud, Var), Jugoslavia (Hercegovina, Buna), Bulgaria (Mandrisa, Rodopi; Karamansi, Rodopi), Hungary (Crepel; Baranya-Megya, Nagyharsany), Romania: (Cibinsgeb., Transsylv. Alp.; Dannehl, id.), Spain (15 km NW. Tarifa; Albaracia), Cyprus (Yermosoyia River; Skouili, Sapho Dist., nr. Limasol), Tunesia (Nefta), Turkey (Priene, Asia Minor), S. India (Shevaroy Hills, 4500 ft, Yercaud), Philippines (Baguio, Benguet), and Taiwan (Taihorinsho) (RMNH, MNHN, TC, CNC, WHC, UZM, ITZ, HC, ZMH, ZMA, TMA, IZP, ZSB, BM). Notes. The interpretation of this enigmatic species has long remained uncertain, e.g., Muesebeck & Walkley (1951: 109) listed truncator as an “unrecognized species” in Zele auct. The original description is very short, but is sufficient for identification, despite the fact that the type is lost. The “much compressed, truncate” metasoma, combined with the “body pale honey-yellow, polished, impunctured” points to the genus Homolobus Foerster. The most commonly captured species of Homolobus in the faunal area wherein the type-locality is situated is H. melleus (Cresson, 1872), a junior synonym of H. calcarator (Wesmael, 1835). It is also the only species of this genus in the area that fits the original description, e.g., antenna fuscous, but honey-yellow at base (viz., scapus is yellowish), palpi whitish towards the tips (viz., the maxillary palp is often whitish apically), the propodeum “slightly punctured” (which is actually finely rugose, but in any case not areolated as in other species), and length of body, ca. 6 mm. Finally in the AMNH collection (New York) there is a damaged specimen with an old, handwritten label “Zele (Bracon) truncatus Say” (probably by Ashmead) which belongs to this species. For the fixation of this interpretation I have selected a neotype, which will be deposited in the RMNH-collection (Leiden). The original type-locality is “Indiana”, while the neotype is from Ann Arbor, Michigan, but both are situated in the Carolinian faunal region. The holotype of Phylax calcarator Wesmael, 1835, was collected nr. Charleroy, Belgium. According to the original description Wesmael had only one male at his disposal, but in the Wesmael collection four specimens with type-labels are present. Fortunately only one fits the original description, in possessing the back of the metasoma ”entièrement d’un testacé comme le reste du corps” (Wesmael, 1835: 161). This specimen has been labelled holotype: the length of the body is 6.3, of fore wing 5.6 mm, antennal segments 43, length of malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible; hind tibial spurs truncate apically, length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.9, 9.8, and 8.0 times their width, respectively, and length of Ist tergite 2.9 times its apical width (KBIN, Brussels: “Coll. Wesmael”, “1875”, “Phylax calcarator mihi, &, det. C. Wesmael”, “Type”). VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 289 The lectotype of Phylax melleus Cresson, 1872 (ANSP, Philadelphia: “Tex.”, “Type, No. 1763”, ““Phylax melleus Cress.’’) is damaged, viz., the metasoma is missing. The length of the fore wing is 6.5 mm, antennal segments 50, length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head, and femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 6.1, 10.5, and 9.5 times their width, respectively. There are two specimens in ANSP with the same printed locality-label, which have been labelled paralectotype. The holotype of Zele crassicalcaratus Viereck, 1905 (SEM, Lawrence: “Aug.”, “Douglas Co., Kansas, E. S. Tucker”, “Zele crassicalcaratus Vier., Type”, ‘‘617”’) is a typical male of truncator (figs. 174—176, 178—181). The metasoma, hind tibia and tarsus are absent, length of fore wing 5.3 mm, antennal segments 47, and length of hind femur 5.5 times its width. Finally Phylacter fuscitarsis Bengtsson, 1918, and Zele unicolor Enderlein, 1920, have to be added to the synonyms of truncator, because no significant differences could be detected after a thorough study of the available material. In the Thomson Collection (Lund) are 7 specimens under Phylacter chlorophthalmus (sensu Thomson, nec Spinola), which are part of the type-series of Phylacter fuscitarsis Bengtsson, because in the original description the name fuscitarsis was proposed for the species interpreted by Thomson as chlorophthalmus. Therefore one 9 (ZIL, Lund: “Ilsp, 9/7”, “1977, 30”) is herewith selected as lectotype of Phylacter fuscitarsis Bengtsson. The length of the fore wing is 5.7 mm, r : 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 10: ca. 13: 16: ca. 9, and the telotarsi are somewhat infuscated. Paralectotypes are 3 9,2 3, and one damaged specimen, of which the sex is unknown. The examined type-series of unicolor (lectotype: figs. 112—115, 182—190) consists of 23 © and 4 &. One © is herewith selected as lectotype (PAN, Warsaw: “Costa Rica, H. Schmidt S.”, “Type”, “Zele unicolor Enderl., 9, Type, Dr. Enderlein, det. 1918”, “Mus. Zool. Polonicum, Warszawa, 12/45”), which is a quite normal specimen of truncator. Length of body 6.4, of fore wing 6.1 mm, length of malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible, length of maxillary palp 1.1 times height of head, SR of hind wing weakly sinuate, length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 6.9, 10.3, and 8.8 times their width, respectively, length of Ist tergite 2.5 times its apical width, and length of ovipositor sheath 0.08 times fore wing. The examined holotype of Apatia simillima Enderlein, 1920 (chosen from the same series as unicolor) is also a truncator, but has as an additional feature the well developed notauli filled with glue (PAN, Warsaw). Variation: length of body 5.8—8.1, of fore wing 5.3—8.2 mm; length of hind femur 4.9—7.3 times its width; length of Ist tergite 2.5—3.4 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.06—0.08 times fore wing; antennal segments 44— 54; length of maxillary palp 1.1—1.3 times height of head; length of malar space 0.5—0.7 times basal width of mandible; length of 4th segment of labial palp 4.0—5.5 times 3rd segment. Homolobus (Apatia) rufithorax (Granger) comb. nov. (figs. 191—203, 319, 320) Granger, 1949, Mém. Inst. scient. Madagascar 2A: 377, 378, fig. 383 (as Zele). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 226. 290 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Lectotype, 9, length of body 9.0, of fore wing 8.7 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 50, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.8 and 3.4 times their width, respectively, both penultimate _ segments 2.0 and 2.4 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 3.5 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; eyes distinctly emarginate (fig. 198); dorsal length of eye 2.0 times temple; POL : g ocellus : OOL = 9: 13: 12; frons almost flat, with a weakly developed medial carina (fig. 199); vertex punctulate; face and clypeus rather flat, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus straight medially, not separated from the clypeus (fig. 198); length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum crenulate medially, rugose-punctate medio-ventrally, punctate dorsally, and rugose posteriorly (fig. 191); epicnemial area mainly rugose; precoxal suture widely reticulate-rugose, surrounding part of mesopleuron punctate; metapleural flange large, rounded and without carina apically; metapleuron weakly punctate dorsally, rugose ventrally; notauli narrowly crenulate anteriorly, more widely posteriorly, deep (fig. 201); mesoscutal lobes densely punctulate; surface of propodeum coarsely rugose-reticulate, without carinae (fig. 191). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 7: 14: 43; r wider than 3-SR; SRI strongly curved towards RI (fig. 196); cu-a slightly inclivous, almost straight, and shortly antefurcal; 2-M + CUI : CUI = 1: 23; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 11: 14: 7; 2A shortly developed; area basally of 2A remotely setose laterally (fig. 197). Hind wing: r absent; SR sinuate (fig. 196); SC + R1 moderately curved (fig. 194). Legs. — Hind coxa weakly punctate; tarsal claws simple, brownish yellowish — pectinate basally, except inner hind claw (figs. 202, 203); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 6.6, 10.0, and 9.0 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.7 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.6 times its apical width, its surface weakly reticulate-rugose medially, mainly smooth laterally (fig. 320); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.04 times fore wing. Colour. — Mesosoma, legs (but tibiae somewhat infuscated), Ist tergite (mainly), and 2nd tergite laterally, reddish-brown; pterostigma dark brown; Ist tergite medio-apically, 2nd tergite medially, 3rd and following segments mainly, — blackish-brown; apical margins of tergites (except of Ist tergite) whitish-yellow; dorsal half of clypeus, face, vertex anteriorly, and eye margins, yellowish-white; remaining part of head and basal half of antenna, blackish-brown; apical half of antenna brown. Lectotype in MNHN, Paris: “Bekily, Reg. Sud de I’Ile’’, “Museum Paris, X1.36, — A. Seyrig”, “50”, “Zele rufithorax Gr., B. Sigwalt’’. Lectotype herewith selected From same locality 2 © paralectotypes (MNHN). Additionally examined a 9 from Malagasy (Rogez, Forêt cote est, 1.31, A. Seyrig (MNHN)) with a type-label, , which cannot be a type-specimen because it is not mentioned in the original | description. Length of malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible; antennal | segments 49; only frons and vertex anteriorly whitish-yellow; face light reddish- brown; vein r of fore wing wider than 3-SR, length of Ist tergite 3.8 times its apical | VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 291 width, mainly smooth and wholly reddish brown; margins of 2nd and 3rd tergites yellow; mesopleuron punctulate; length of fore wing 7.6 mm; length of 4th segment of labial palp 3.0 times 3rd segment; hind tarsus mainly dark brown. Homolobus (Apatia) maculatus spec. nov. (figs. 204—215, 283) Holotype, 9, length of body 5.7, of fore wing 5.6 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 44, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.2 and 3.6 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.3 and 1.5 times their width (fig. 211); length of 4th segment of labial palp 3.5 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; eyes indistinctly emarginate (fig. 210); dorsal length of eye 2.1 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 10: 9: 16; frons almost flat, medially mainly smooth, laterally coriaceous (fig. 213); vertex rather convex, coriaceous; face weakly punctate and convex; clypeus punctulate and with some lateral striae, convex; apical margin of clypeus straight medially, not differentiated from clypeus (fig. 210); length of malar space 1.3 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum mainly smooth dorsally, crenulate medially and rugose ventrally (fig. 204); epicnemial area weakly rugose; precoxal suture rather coarsely rugose-reticulate, posteriorly more punctate; rest of mesopleuron punctulate; metapleural flange round and wide apically, bordered by a rather narrow carina (fig. 204); notauli rather widely crenulate posteriorly (fig. 214); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; surface of propodeum narrowly smooth anteriorly and with a medium-sized medial carina, rest of propodeum finely reticulate-rugulose. Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 10: 7: 45; r and 3-SR of equal width (fig. 206); SRI almost straight; cu-a antefurcal, straight; 2-M +CUI : CUI = 1: 19; 2- SR : 3-SR : r-m = 11:7: 7; short part of 2A sclerotized (fig. 206); area basally of 2A mainly bare (fig. 208). Hind wing: r absent; SR straight; SC + RI weakly curved (fig. 207). Legs. — Hind coxa punctate and dorsally rugose (fig. 204); tarsal claws pectinate basally and with a rounded, tiny subapical prominence (fig. 212); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 7.3, 10.8, and 9.2 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.6 times its apical width, its surface behind the spiracles reticulate-rugulose (fig. 215); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent except for a short basal remnant (fig. 215); length of ovipositor sheath 0.09 times fore wing. Colour. — Yellowish-brown; apical half of antenna, vertex, stemmaticum, middle of frons, pronotum partly, margin of mesoscutum, propodeum, metanotum, Ist tergite mainly, base of 2nd tergite, apical margins of 3rd and 4th tergites, Sth—8th tergites, Sth sternite, hypopygium partly, and tarsi mainly, more or less blackish or dark brown; pterostigma brown; palpi slightly infuscated; wing 292- TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 membrane weakly brownish; apical margins of 3rd and following tergites somewhat silvery. Holotype in CNC, Ottawa: “N. Slope Mt. Elgon, Uganda, 2300 m, 17—26.x.i.1971, H.Falke”. Paratypes: 8 © and 4 &: 4 ©, topotypic (CNC, RMNH); 1 &, “S. Tanganyika, Rungwe Mts., 2600 m, 5—10.xi.62 (allotype, CNC); 1 9, “Afr. Orient. Ang., Kenya”, “Museum Paris, Nanyuki, VI.32, A. Seyrig’ (MNHN); 1 ©, “Pietermaritzburg, XI—21—70, S. Africa, H & M. Townes” (TC); 1 &, “Mt. Elgon, 8000 ft, IV.9.76, Kenya, lan Bampton” (TC); 1 &, “Mpendle, Natal, XII-3-70, S. Africa, H. & M. Townes” (RMNH); 1 9 and 1 &, “Kenya, Elgon Saw Mill, Mt. Elgon, Ver’est, (Camp II), 2470 m”, “Museum de Paris, Mission de l’Omo, C. Arambourg, P.-A. Chappuis & B. Jeannel, 1932—33”” (MNHN); 1 ©, “Kenya, Kitale, Uasin Gishu, 2100 m”, “Museum de Paris, Mission de l’Omo, C. Arambourg, P.-A. Chappuis & B. Jeannel, 1932—33” (RMNH). Variation: Length of fore wing 4.6—5.6 mm; length of ovipositor sheath 0.09 times fore wing; antennal segments 43—45; length of Ist tergite 2.5—2.6 times its apical width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 3.2—3.7 times 3rd segment; length of malar space 1.2—1.6 times basal width of mandible; vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal, interstitial, or shortly postfurcal; hind coxa sometimes only punctulate; females with at least apical third of metasoma blackish. Notes. Male essentially as female, but tarsal prominence more reduced, scarcely visible at 80x ; apices of hind tibial spurs sharp and hyaline apically. For blackish specimens from Malagasy, see note under albipalpis. Homolobus (Apatia) alternipes spec. nov. (figs. 216—230) Holotype, 9, length of body and of fore wing both 5.0 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 38, 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment; length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.9 and 3.8 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.3 and 2.0 times their width (fig. 218); length of 4th segment of labial palp 4.0 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.1 times height of head; eyes scarcely emarginate (fig. 229); length of eye 2.2 times temple; POL : 5 ocellus : OOL = 5: 5: 6; vertex rather flat, rugose near eyes (fig. 227); frons rather flat, mainly smooth; face rather flat, punctate, and dorsally somewhat rugose; clypeus convex, weakly punctate; apical margin of clypeus straight medially, not differentiated from clypeus (fig. 229); length of malar space 0.7 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; side of pronotum crenulate-rugose medially and posteriorly, coarsely rugose ventrally, and dorsally narrowly punctulate (fig. 216); epicnemial area reticulate-rugose posteriorly; precoxal suture densely rugose-reticulate; mesopleuron above precoxal suture finely punctate; metapleural flange lamelliform, large, wide and rounded apically; metapleuron dorsally mainly smooth, reticulate-rugose ventrally (fig. 216); notauli VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 293 largely narrowly crenulate, apically wider and more reticulate-rugose (fig. 228); mesoscutal lobes densely punctulate; surface of propodeum coarsely reticulate- rugose, but anteriorly narrowly smooth, with a short medial carina. Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 6: 5 : 42; SRI straight; cu-a straight, postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CUl = 2: 16 ; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 10: 5: 6; 2A shortly sclerotized basally; area basally of 2A mainly bare (fig. 221). Hind wing: r absent; SR straight; SC+ R1 weakly curved (fig. 220). Legs. — Hind coxa coarsely punctate-rugose dorsally, more punctulate laterally (fig. 223); tarsal claws slender, setose, with only a scarcely visible (at 80x) subapical prominence (figs. 225, 226); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 5.8, 9.3, and 7.6 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind femur 0.6 and 0.4 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.6 times its apical width, its surface largely finely rugose, mediobasally and apically smooth (fig. 224); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.09 times fore wing. Colour. — Mesosoma brownish-red; head, antenna, pterostigma, parastigma, wing veins, metasoma, and hind leg (except for the whitish trochanter and trochantellus), more or less dark brown; palpi, fore and middle coxae, all trochanters and trochantelli, tegulae, and (to a lesser degree) fore and middle femora, yellowish-white; margin of 2nd tergite, mandibles and anellus, yellowish; fore and middle tibiae and tarsi yellowish, but somewhat infuscated. Holotype in MNHN, Paris: “Kenya, Nairobi, 1600 m”, ‘Muséum Paris, V1.32, A. Seyrig”. Paratypes: (24), 1 &, “Meru, VI.32”, “Museum Paris, Kenya, A. Seyrig” (allotype, MNHN). Length of malar space 0.8 times basal width of mandible; r : 3-SR = 10: 7; antennal segments 39; apices of spurs of hind tibia sharp and hyaline; Ist tergite mainly smooth; pronotum remotely rugose; length of 4th segment of labial palp ca. 4.5 times 3rd segment; mesopleuron above precoxal suture punctulate; apical 0.4 of precoxal suture only punctulate; length of fore wing 4.4 mm; claws without prominence. Second paratype without head, 1 &, same labels as allotype (RMNH), pronotum only slightly punctate, precoxal suture mainly rugose-reticulate, and above precoxal suture punctate. Homolobus (Apatia) priapus (Nixon) comb. nov. (figs. 138— 140, 231—239) Nixon, 1938, Bull. ent. Res. 29: 418, 419, fig. 1b (as Zele). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 225. Holotype, 9, length of body and of fore wing both 7.2 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 48, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.7 and 3.1 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.0 and 2.3 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp ca. 4 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.4 times height of head; eyes weakly emarginate (fig. 238); dorsal length of eye 2.3 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 3: 8: 5; frons rather flat, anteriorly rugose; vertex punctate- 294 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 rugose, rather flat (fig. 138); face mainly flattened, largely rugose, laterally coriaceous; clypeus rather flat, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus straight medially, narrowly differentiated from clypeus (fig. 238); length of malar space 0.8 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum largely rugose, apico-dorsally and ventrally partly smooth (fig. 231); epicnemial area reticulate-rugose; precoxal suture weakly impressed, coarsely rugose- reticulate; rest of mesopleuron densely and finely punctate; metapleural flange large, with a rather narrow lamella apically (fig. 231); metapleuron punctate, but ventrally reticulate-rugose; notauli densely crenulate (fig. 239); mesoscutal lobes densely punctulate; surface of propodeum largely reticulate-rugose, posteriorly with a transverse carina, area behind it almost smooth, medial carina absent. Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 8:9: 43; SRI straight; cu-a inclivous, but apically straight, postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CU1 = 1: 21; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 11:9: 8; 2A well developed basally (fig. 234); area basally of 2A mainly bare. Hind wing: r absent; SR straight; SC + R1 almost straight (fig. 232). Legs. — Hind coxa finely and densely punctate, but postero-dorsally more coriaceous (fig. 139); tarsal claws setose, with a (at 80 x) rather well visible, small prominence (fig. 237); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 7.0, 10.5, and ca. 10 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.7 and 0.6 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.2 times its apical width, its surface largely reticulate-rugose, basally smooth (fig. 140); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.08 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum dark brown; apices of antennal segments of apical half of antenna, labial palp and ovipositor sheath, somewhat infuscated. Holotype in BM, London: “Type”, “B.M. Type Hym. 3. c. 679”, “Zele priapus Nixon, 9, Holotype’, “Cape Province, Somerset East, 10-22.xii.1930’’, “S. Africa, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1931—37”. Paratypes: 1 9 (topotypic) and 7 g (Katberg and Ceres, both S. Africa). Additional specimens examined (33 © and 18 @) are all from South Africa (Jonkershoek, nr. Stellenbosch; Garies, Cape; Grahamstown; Magoebaskloof, nr. Tzaneen; Kirstenbosch, nr. Cape Town; Deepwalls Forest, Knysma, C. P.) (TC, HC, RMNH). Variation: length of fore wing 6.2—8.1 mm; length of 4th segment of labial palp 3.3—5.5 times 3rd segment; length of malar space 0.7—1.0 times basal width of mandible; antennal segments 44—48; whole metasoma yellowish; only claws of male with a small subapical prominence; hind tibial spurs of male sharp and hyaline apically; vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal, interstitial, or shortly postfurcal; length of vein r of fore wing equal to vein 3-SR, or shorter. Homolobus (Apatia) lacteiceps spec. nov. (figs. 240— 254) Holotype, 9, length of body 8.0, of fore wing 7.9 mm. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 295 Head. — Antennal segments 49, 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment; length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.0 and 3.2 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.1 and 2.7 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 2.4 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.3 times height of head; eyes weakly emarginate (fig. 245); dorsal length of eye 2.6 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 7: 11 : 7; frons smooth, except for some lateral striae, rather flat medially, convex laterally; vertex rather flat and smooth (fig. 242); face rather flat, largely punctulate, dorsally weakly rugulose; clypeus convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus straight medially, not differentiated from clypeus (fig. 245); length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum largely smooth, medially and posteriorly crenulate-rugose (fig. 240); epicnemial area almost smooth anteriorly, reticulate-rugulose posteriorly; precoxal suture largely reticulate-rugulose, anteriorly and posteriorly only indistinctly sculptured (fig. 240); rest of mesopleuron punctulate; metapleural flange small, with a narrow rounded carina apically (fig. 240); metapleuron medially smooth, anteriorly crenulate, and ventrally rugose; notauli narrowly crenulate (fig. 250); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; surface of propodeum reticulate-rugose, laterally with some more coarse rugae, medial and transverse carinae absent. Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 8: 11 : 41; SRI straight; cu-a strongly inclivous, slightly bent basad apically (fig. 243), postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CUl = 5: 32; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 20: 22: 11; 2A unsclerotized, only completely pigmented (fig. 243); area basally of 2A setose (fig. 247). Hind wing: r absent; SR weakly curved basally, strongly sinuate submedially; constriction of marginal cell distad from its middle (fig. 243); SC+RI distinctly curved (fig. 254); 2-SC+R subquadrate. Legs. — Hind coxa in dorso-apical half striate, rest punctulate (fig. 240); tarsal claws simple, yellowish pectinate basally (figs. 251, 252); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 6.0, 10.0, and 8.8 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.4 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.7 times its apical width, its surface anteriorly mainly smooth, posteriorly rugose, and medially finely rugulose (fig. 253); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent, except for a faint trace anteriorly; exserted ovipositor longer than 1.5 times length of Ist tergite (fig. 240); length of ovipositor sheath 0.25 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; basal third of antenna and most wing veins, dark brown; stemmaticum blackish, rest of head whitish. Holotype in TC, Ann Arbor: ‘‘Zika Forest, Uganda, VIII.19.°63, G. Lancaster”. Paratypes: (6 © and 1 g), all from Zika Forest, Uganda (1g (allotype), 23.viii. 1963 (TC); 2 9, 21.viii.1963; 2 9 (Mengo), 18.x.1963; 2 9 (Mengo, Entebbe), 13.iv.1964) (TC, RMNH). Variation: hind tibial spurs of male narrowly truncate and pigmented apically; length of ovipositor sheath 0.22—0.26 times fore wing; length of 4th segment of labial palp 2.2—2.4 times 3rd segment; antennal segments 48—52; length of fore wing 5.8—9.6 mm; length of malar space 0.5—0.6 times basal width of mandible; area basally of 2A sometimes rather bare; middle lobe of 296 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 mesoscutum punctate or punctulate; occiput sometimes with a dark bronze patch behind the stemmaticum. Homolobus (Apatia) pulchricornis (Nixon) comb. nov. (figs. 141— 143, 255— 262, 279— 282) Nixon, 1938, Bull. ent. Res. 29: 420, 421, fig. la (as Zele). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 225. Holotype, &, length of body 8.3, of fore wing 7.8 mm. Head. — Remaining antennal segments 6, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th eet, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.8 and 3.4 times their width, respectively; length of 4th segment of labial palp ca. 2.5 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.3 times height of head; eyes rather emarginate (fig. 261); dorsal length of eye 1.8 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 5: 7: 6; frons almost flat, smooth; vertex flat, indistinctly coriaceous-punctulate (fig. 143); face rather flat, weakly and finely punctulate-rugose medially; clypeus flattened, sparsely punctulate; apical margin of clypeus straight medially, not well differentiated from clypeus (fig. 261); length of malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum rugose, dorsally and medio-ventrally smooth (fig. 255); epicnemial area crenulate anteriorly, almost smooth dorsally; precoxal suture rather coarsely reticulate- rugose; rest of mesopleuron somewhat superficially punctulate; metapleural flange rather large, lamelliform, rounded apically (fig. 255); metapleuron remotely punctate, only ventrally rugose; notauli densely crenulate (fig. 262); middle lobe of mesoscutum densely and finely punctate, lateral lobes indistinctly punctulate; surface of propodeum rather finely rugose, only anteriorly smooth (except medially), carinae absent. Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 8: 12: 51; SRI curved towards RI; cu-a inclivous, postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CU1 = 4: 20; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 13: 12: 7; 2A unsclerotized, only as a pigmented stripe (fig. 258); area basally of 2A remotely and sparsely setose. Hind wing: r absent; SR distinctly curved basally and sinuate medially; marginal cell constricted in front of middle of cell (fig. 258); 2-SC+R subquadrate; SC + RI curved (fig. 259). Legs. — Hind coxa mainly finely punctate-rugose, laterally almost smooth (fig. 141); tarsal claws simple, yellowish pectinate basally (fig. 260); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 6.0, 10.3, and 8.8 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus, roundly truncate and pigmented apically (fig. 256). Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.8 times its apical width, its surface finely and densely reticulate-rugose (fig. 142); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum, mesoscutal lobes partly, and antenna (as far as present), more or less dark brown; behind stemmaticum a faint, somewhat darker patch; pterostigma light yellowish. Holotype in BM, London: “Type”, “B.M. Type Hym. 3.c.681”, “Zele VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 297 pulchricornis Nixon, 1938, Type, &”, “1938/18”, “Port St. John, Pondoland, July 10—31, 1923”, “S. Africa, R.E. Turner, Brit. Mus., 1923—398’’. One further specimen examined (9, TC, allotype, “Gillitts, nr. Durban, XII-1-70, So. Africa, H. & M. Townes”) on which the following addition is based. Antennal segments 47, length of both penultimate segments 2.1 and 2.5 times their width; length of 4th labial palp segment 1.9 times 3rd segment; length of malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible; length of fore wing 9.1 mm; length of ovipositor sheath 0.14 times fore wing, slender, light yellowish; exserted ovipositor slightly longer than Ist tergite (fig. 280); length of Ist tergite 2.7 times its apical width, its surface finely and densely rugulose; antenna yellowish, except for the eight dark brown basal segments; 2-SC + R shortly transverse (fig. 279); mesoscutum darkened anteriorly; mesoscutum densely and finely punctate; face, frons and vertex light yellowish. Homolobus (Apatia) huddlestoni spec. nov. (figs. 263—277) Holotype, 9, length of body and of fore wing both 7.5 mm. Head. — Apex of antenna missing, remaining segments 24, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.5 and 2.9 times their width, respectively; length of 4th segment of labial palp 1.8 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.1 times height of head; inner sides of eyes moderately emarginate (fig. 270); dorsal length of eye 2.6 times temple; POL: @ ocellus : OOL = 5:7: 3; frons rather flat, striate (fig. 270); vertex narrow, concave near eyes, micro- sculptured (fig. 275); face rather flat, dorsal half transversely and finely striate, ventrally punctulate; clypeus rather flat, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus straight medially, not differentiated (fig. 270); length of malar space 0.7 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum crenulate medially and apically, punctate dorsally, and mainly smooth ventrally; epicnemial area reticulate-rugulose; precoxal suture reticulate-rugulose, weakly impressed; metapleural flange large, rounded and lamelliform apically (fig. 263); metapleuron almost smooth, only ventrally with some rugae; notauli almost smooth anteriorly, crenulate-rugose posteriorly (fig. 274); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; surface of propodeum densely and finely rugulose (fig. 263), without carinae. Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 13: 17: 81; SRI weakly curved towards R1; cu-a inclivous, postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CU1 = 1: 11; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 18: 17: 10; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 266); area basally of 2A mainly remotely setose (fig. 276). Hind wing: r absent; 2-SC +R quadrate; SC+R1 almost straight (fig. 267); SR weakly sinuate (fig. 266). Legs. — Hind coxa finely punctate-reticulate dorsally (fig. 269); tarsal claws simple, and basally rather indistinctly yellowish pectinate, but inner hind claw only setose (fig. 268); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 5.3, 8.6, and 7.6 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind leg 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. 298 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.0 times its apical width, robust (fig. 271), its surface finely and densely rugulose and apically more striate; dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent, except for a weak basal remnant; length of ovipositor sheath 0.07 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum blackish; flagellum and stripe on outer side of scapus, brownish; pterostigma yellowish. Holotype in BM, London: “Tanganyika, Ilonca, 1.10.1962, I: A. D. Robertson”, “Ex pupa Euproctis sanguiguttata’’, ‘‘Zele sp., R. D. Eady det. 1964”. The note that it emerged from the pupa of the host needs to be checked. Paratypes: (89 and 7 3), 3 & (one allotype, BM): “E.A. Forest Insect Survey, J. C. M. Gardner, Tanganyika, Mbulu, ex larva Euproctis fasciata WIk., No. 1238”, “R. 662, 2.7.54" (BM, RMNH); 1 © “Ukiriguru T.T., Castor, 29.III.1958, J. A. Robertson, Y. 129”, “Zele sp. nr. chlorophthalmus Nees, R. D. Eady, det. 1959” (BM); 1 9, “Mtwapa, Kenya, Date 10.8.1971, No. 10718, B. R. Adams Coll., ex larvae of PC 6599” (BM); 1 g, “S.Rhodesia, Fort Victoria, IV.1957, Min. Agric.”, “Ex larva of Lepidopt. No. 8007”, “Larva No. 8007 = Euproctis rubricosta Fawcett” (BM); 1 ©, topotypic (BM); 1 ©, “Jinja, Uganda, 26.11.1909, C. C. Gowden No. 3” (RMNH); 1 9, “Uganda, Kampala, 5.x.1929, G. L. R. Hancock, ex Arctornis rubricosta on cvHorn (?)”, “0356”, “Zele sp. n., Holotype, 9, R. D. Eady, det. 1970” (RMNH); 1 9, “Entebbe, Mengo, V.11’64, Uganda, G. A. Lancaster” (TC); 2 g, ‘Madagascar, Bekily, Reg. Sud de I’Ile’’, “Museum Paris, IX.36, A. Seyrig” (MNHN); | 3, “Madagasc.: Fort Dauphin, A. Seyrig” (MAC); 1 ©, “Coll. Mus. Congo, Tanganika: Kamena, 1400 m (Riv. Kinga), H. Bomans, 1.1958” (MAC); 1 9, “Musée du Congo, Kibali-Ituri: Geti, 1934, Ch. Scops” (RMNH). Variation: length of fore wing 5.3—6.8 mm; antennal segments 42 or 43; length of both penultimate segments in figured apex of antenna (fig. 264) 1.6 and 1.9 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 1.7—2.0 times 3rd segment; length of malar space 0.5—0.7 times basal width of mandible; length of hind femur 4.6—5.8 times its width, robust; hind tibial spurs of male sharp and hyaline apically (figs. 272, 273); vein 2-SC + R quadrate or higher than wide; length of Ist tergite 1.7—2.2 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.04—0.08 times fore wing. Notes. The hosts of this new species seems to be restricted to the Lymantriidae (Lepidoptera), which is an aberrant choice within the genus Homolobus. It is a real pleasure to dedicate this species to Mr. T. Huddleston (London); without his spontaneous assistance this revision (and others) would be far less complete. Homolobus (Apatia) ophioninus (Vachal) comb. nov. (figs. 278, 287—301) Vachal, 1907, Revue Ent. 26: 122 (as Meteorus). Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 83. Holotype, 9, length of body 5.7, of fore wing 6.2 mm. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 299 Head. — Antennal segments 46, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.4 and 2.8 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.6 and 2.0 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 2.8 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp equal to height of head; eyes weakly emarginate (fig. 301); dorsal length of eye 2.3 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 8: 10: 9; frons flat, largely rugulose, medially mainly smooth (fig. 299); vertex convex, somewhat coriaceous; face rather flat, dorsally shortly transversely rugulose and punctate, ventrally punctulate (fig. 301); clypeus rather convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus almost straight medially, not differentiated from clypeus; length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; side of pronotum dorsally and ventrally smooth, medially and posteriorly crenulate-rugose (fig. 287); epicnemial area finely reticulate-rugose as main part of precoxal suture, posterior third of precoxal suture only punctate and rather flat; rest of mesopleuron indistinctly punctulate; metapleural flange rather small, rounded and lamelliform apically (fig. 287); metapleuron largely smooth, ventrally reticulate-rugose; posteriorly notauli closely crenulate (fig. 300), anteriorly narrow and almost smooth; surface of propodeum smooth anteriorly, rest mainly superficially transversely rugulose-coriaceous; medial carina of propodeum shortly developed anteriorly. Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 9: 18: 77; SRI rather curved towards RI (fig. 289); cu-a inclivous, postfurcal, somewhat curved basad apically; 1-CUI : 2- CUI = 2: 35; 2-SR : 3-SR: r-m = 15: 18: 11; 2A distinctly sclerotized basally (fig. 288); area basally of 2A sparsely setose (less than in figured specimen, fig. 288). Hind wing: r absent; 2-SC + R transverse (fig. 289); basally SR less sclerotized than Ir-m, weakly sinuate; SC + RI rather straight (fig. 290). Legs. — Hind coxa mainly smooth, somewhat punctulate (but in figured specimen finely reticulate-rugose dorsally, fig. 291); tarsal claws simple, only basally indistinctly yellowish pectinate (figs. 294, 295); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 6.5, 10.5, and 9.0 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.7 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.4 times its apical width, its surface mainly smooth, only posteriorly somewhat pimply-rugose (cf. fig. 298); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.07 times fore wing, rather slender. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; antenna apically, and outer side of scapus, slightly infuscated; pterostigma (rather light) brown; stemmaticum blackish; wing membrane subhyaline. Holotype in MNHN, Paris: “Don de Mme Jaubert”, “Museum Paris, 1939, Capit Quod”, ““G. Meteorus sp. ophioninus Vach., 9, Usumia”. The type originates from New Caledonia. Specimens additionally examined: 100 © and 42 Z. From the Australian region: Australia: New South Wales (Narrabri; Maitland; Willowtree; 12 mi. NW. Milton), Western Australia (Old Doongan; 10 mi. W. Mellewa; Yallingup; Millstream; S. Coolgardie; 10 mi. S. Geraldton; 10 mi. W. Eucla; 5 mi. NW. 300 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Augusta; Wongan Hills; 13 mi. NEE. Caiguna; 21 mi. NE. Fraser Range; 19 mi. NE. Mundrbilla), Southern Australia (9 mi. E. Cook; Mambray Creek; Leigh Co.; 35 mi. ESE. Morgan; 5 mi. S. Mungewarrie Sta.; 35 mi. E. Ceduna; Old Alton Downs, Simpson Desert; Goyder Lagoon, Waterhole; 10 mi. ESE. Koonalda), South Western Australia (Lake Magenta, at flowers of Eucalyptus), Australian Capital Territory (2 mi. E. Mt. Coree; Canberra), Northern Territories (Tempe Downs; 36 km SW. Borroloola). New Caledonia (Noumea). Norfolk Islands (Burnt Pine, 370 ft; Duncombe Bay, 300 ft; J. E. Road, 200 ft) (RMNH, CSIRO, CNC, BM, CAS, BPBM). From the Afrotropical and S. Palaearctic regions: Persia (Beshire (? = Beshneh, S. Iran)), Ethiopia (Addis-Abbeba; Haut-Aduache, Endessa; Karssa; Debra Zeit, 7200 ft), Kenya (S.W. Elgon, 6700 ft (specimen figured); Naivasha; Nairobi; Muguga; Mau Escarpment, Molo, 2420 m; Mt. Kenya, West side, lower zone, Ngaré Rungai, prairie river, 2000 m; Wa-Kikuyu, Wambogo, 1750 m; Elgon Saw Mill, Mt. Elgon, 2470 m; Mt. Elgon, 2100 m; Meru), Tanzania (Kilimandjaro, Kibonoto culture zone; id., Himo River, 1000 m, lower zone), Malagasy (Ftanaransoa, Plateau Central; Bekily, Reg. Sud de lIle; Tananarive; Banian, 70 m, Ankazoabo; Perinet; Andronotobaka, 1400 m, Ambatolampy; Montagne d’Ambre, Les Roussettes, 1100 m; Ankasoka, 1130 m, Route Lakete; Ankaratra, 1800 m; La Mandraka; Antsirabe), Ruanda (Nyabikenke, Nyanza Terr., 1700 m; Sabiro, 1300 m), Zaire (Lomani, Kaniama; Ituri, Blukwa; Lualaba, N’Zilo, N. Kolwezi, 1400 m; Kolwezi, Mulando; Lubumbashi), Zambia (Welsley), and Rhodesia (Marandellas) (BM, MNHN, ZSB, RMNH, MAC, TC, TMA, CNC, NR). Variation: Length of fore wing 5.8—9.0 mm; antennal segments 45—51; length of malar space 0.3—0.7 times basal width of mandible; length of hind femur 5.0—6.9 times its width; spurs of hind tibia of male truncate and pigmented apically (figs. 296, 297); length of 4th segment of labial palp 1.8—2.8 times 3rd segment; length of Ist tergite 1.9—2.5 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.05—0.08 times fore wing; colour of pterostigma varies from yellowish-brown to more or less dark brown; sometimes mesosoma with dark patches (especially at the middle of the mesoscutal lobes); 2nd tergite rather whitish laterally; sometimes mesosoma with dark patches (especially at the middle of the mesoscutal lobes); metasoma partly, apex of hind femur, and main part of hind tibia and tarsus sometimes infuscated; vein 2-SC + R of hind wing shortly transverse. Cocoon white and thin. Notes. This species is closely related to australiensis, which differs mainly by the presence of the black-and-white pattern of the metasoma. Known hosts of reared specimens are Spodoptera exempta Walker and Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiff.), both belonging to the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). Homolobus (Apatia) truncatoides spec. nov. (figs. 302—314, 324—326) Holotype, 9, length of body 5.2, of fore wing 5.0 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 42, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.2 and 2.8 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.7 and 2.0 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 301 palp 1.8 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp equal to height of head; eye weakly emarginate (fig. 311); dorsal length of eye 2.1 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 12: 10: 13; frons mainly flat and smooth, only behind antennal sockets some sculpture (fig. 312); vertex convex, smooth; face rather flat, transversely rugulose-punctulate (fig. 311); clypeus rather convex, punctate; apical margin of clypeus straight medially, not differentiated from clypeus; length of malar space 0.9 times basal width of mandible; upper condyli of mandibles distinctly below lower level of eyes (fig. 311). Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum smooth, but medially crenulate and posteriorly reticulate-rugose (fig. 302); epicnemial area and precoxal suture densely reticulate-rugose; rest of mesopleuron smooth, except for some punctures near the pleural suture; metapleural flange medium-sized, rounded and with a narrow carina apically (fig. 302); metapleuron smooth, only ventrally rugose; notauli crenulate (fig. 325); ‘mesoscutal lobes weakly punctulate; surface of propodeum densely and rather finely reticulate-rugose, except for a narrow anterior part smooth and with a short medial carina anteriorly. Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 6: 10: 47; SRI almost straight, but slightly curved (fig. 306); cu-a weakly inclivous, postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CUl = 6: 37; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 10: 10: 6; 2A sclerotized basally (fig. 306); area basally of 2A sparsely setose (fig. 304). Hind wing: r absent; SR weakly sinuate, scarcely sclerotized (fig. 306); 2-SC +R transverse; SC + RI rather short and weakly curved (fig. 307). Legs. — Hind coxa largely punctulate, dorsally mainly rugulose; tarsal claws simple, only yellowish setose, outer hind claw rather spiny setose (figs. 313, 314); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 7.1, 10.2, and 8.8 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.2 times its apical width, its surface longitudinally reticulate-rugose (fig. 326); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent, except for a weak remnant; length of ovipositor sheath 0.04 times fore wing; sheath truncate apically (fig. 303). Colour. — Brownish-yellow; antenna (except inner side of scapus, pedicellus, and anellus), all tarsi, middle of mesoscutal lobes, metanotum partly, Ist and 2nd tergite, more or less brownish infuscated; wing membrane hyaline; pterostigma light brown. Holotype in ZMB, Berlin: “Egypten, Schmiedekn. S., 1897”, “Heliopolis bei Cairo”, “28642”, ‘‘Phylacter nigricornis Walk., 2g” (in Schmiedeknecht’s handwriting), “Zool, Mus. Berlin”. Paratypes: (40 © and 30 g) from the Afrotropical region: 1 ¢, “Kenton-on-Sea, South Africa, XII.I—11.1970, Rex Jubb” (TC); 1 4, “S. Africa, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1922—97”, “Mossel Bay, Cape Province, Febr. 1922” (BM); 1 9, id., 15.iii—20.iv.1932 (RMNH); | 9, id., Febr. 1922 (BM); 1 9, ‘Madagascar, Tananarive, 6—13.x.1970”, “Coll. P. Hammond, B.M. 1970-603” (BM); 1 ©, “Nyassa See, Langenburg, VI.98, Fülleborn S.”, “Zele nigricornis Walk.” (in Szepligeti’s handwriting), “Zool. Mus. Berlin” (ZMB); 1 &, “Coll. Mus. Congo, Madagascar: Ankaratra, IV-1944, A. 302 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Seyrig” (MAC); 2 g, “Museum Paris, Afrique occidentale, Konakry, A. Chevalier, 1909”, “Décembre” (MNHN, RMNH); 1 ©, “Ilora, Nigeria, VIII’74, W. State, J. T. Medler” (TC); 2 9, “Grahamstown, South Africa, I.17—31.71 & II.15—22’71, Fred Gess” (TC, RMNH); 1 g, St. Lucia Estuary, XI.10, 70, So. Africa, H. & M. Townes” (TC); 1 9, “Kenton-on-Sea, South Africa, XII.1.11, 1970 (RMNH); 1 &, id., January 1971 (TC); 2 2, id., H.1—19, 1971 (TC); 1 &, id., XI.15—30, 1970 (RMNH); 2 9, id., XI.1—14, 1970 (TC, RMNH); 2 9, id., March 1971 (TC); 1 9, id., April 1971 (TC); 2 2, id., June 1971 (TC); 1 9, “Madagascar, Antsirabé”, ‘Muséum Paris, XI.36, A. Seyrig’’, “Zele chlorophthalmus Nees, B. Sigwalt” (RMNH); 1 ©, “Madagascar, Ankaratra, Alt. 1800 (m)”, “Museum Paris, 11.38, A. Seyrig”, “48”, “Zele chlorophthalmus Nees, B. Sigwalt” (MNHN); 1 ©, “Museum Paris, Madagascar, Région du Sud-est, Forêt Dauphin, Ch. Allaud, 1901”, “Zele nigricornis Walker” (in Szepligeti’s handwriting), ‘Zele chlorophthalmus Nees, B. Sigwalt” (MNHN); 2 9 and 1 &, “Museum Paris, Zambéze, Nova Choupanga, pres Chemba, P. Lesne, 1929”, “Zele chlorophthalmus Nees, B. Sigwalt”; 1 &, “Muséum Paris, Madagascar, Tananarive, R. Decary, 1921”, “Fevrier”, “Zele chlorophthalmus Nees, B. Sigwalt”” (MNHN); I 9, “Museum Paris, Ethiopie Merid., Haut-Aduache, Endessa, Maurice de Rothschild, 1905”, “Zele nigricornis Walk., V. Szépligeti, det. 1907” (TMA); 1 9, “Madagascar, Perinet, XI-7-1959”, “E. S. Ross Collector” (CAS)). From the South Palaearctic region: 3 g, “Aegyptus, Schmkn., 97”, “Memphis”, “Zele nigricornis Walk., det. Szépligeti (TMA, RMNH); | g, “Alexandria, Egypt”, “Zele chlorophthalmus (Nees), det. P. Marsh” (USNM); 1 g, “Spain, Almeria, El Alquinan, 3 March 1966, Leif Lyneborg” (UZM); 4 9 and 4 g, “Museum Leiden, Bär, Blôte, De Jong & Osse, Estepona, 3.X.1952, Spanje” (RMNH); 2 9 and 2 g&, id., but 30 km ZW. Malaga, 4.X.1952 (RMNH); 1 g, id., but from Jerez de la Frontera, 22.1X.1952 (RMNH); 1 3, “Islas Canarias, Tenerife, J. Wolschrijn”, “Los Cristianos, 13/26.11.1977” (RMNH); 1 g, “Almunecar, Granada Prov., Spain, 0—30 m, J. R. Vockeroth, 16.VII.1960° (CNC); 1 &, “nr. Limassol, X1.21’46, Cyprus Mavroumoustakis” (TC); 1 9 and 2 Z, “Cyprus, Yermasovia R., 25.X1.66, 4.XI.1967, and 12.V.1966, respectively, Mavroustakis” (CNC, RMNH); 1 3, Italy, “Palermo, XI.63” (TC); 2 © and 1 g from Iraq: “Loc. Hindiya, 31/10/ 1956”, “Host (on) Beta, Coll. S. Alyasiri”, “Zele cf. 9 calcarator Q”’, ““8/11/195.”, “Host (on) sugar beet, Coll. D. Ahmad”, “Zele cf. calcarator” (HC), and “Iraq, Diwanyye, 12-9-1954, light trap”, “Zele cf. calcarator &” (HC); 1 9 and 1 3, “El Riyadh; Saudi Arabia, 9.X.1959, E. Diehl” (CNC, RMNH)). And from the Oriental Region: 1 ©, ‘‘1400 ft, Coimbatore, South India, XI.1966, P. S. Nathan” (CNC); 1 9, “India, Mysore, 10 mi. NW. Kittur, 15.11.1962, E. S. Ross & D. Q. Cavagnaro” (CAS); 1 9, ‘“Malaya, Cameron Highlands, Mt. Brichang, 2— 7.1.59” (BPBM); 2 9, “India, A. P., Warangal, A. R. S. Coll.” (DZD, RMNH); | 9, “India, U.P., Dehra Dun, 600 m, 8.IV.1976, S. Biswas No. B13” (DZD). Specimens excluded from the type-series: 1 g, “Kandy, Ceylon, W. Horn”, ““Co-type”, “Macrocentrus ceylonicus Enderl., &, Type, Dr. Enderlein det. 1912”. A wrongly identified specimen, still belonging to the type-series of Metapleurodon ceylonicus (Enderlein) (PAN). Furthermore 1 9, “Jonkershoek, near Stellenbosch, X.8.70, S. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 303 Africa, H. & M. Townes” (TC), excluded from the type-series because of the colour and sculpture. Middle of frons, stemmaticum, middle of mesoscutal lobes, antenna apically, pterostigma, propodeum, meso- and metapleura dorsally, Ist tergite, base of 2nd tergite and tarsi, more or less dark brown; 2nd tergite is somewhat rugulose basaily; 1 3, “Kenton-on-Sea, South Africa, April 1971, Rex Jubb” (TC), excluded because the apices of the hind tibia are sharp and hyaline. Variation: length of fore wing 3.5—7.1 mm, antennal segments 39—44; length of 4th segment of labial palp 1.6—2.5 times 3rd segment; length of Ist tergite 1.7—2.6 times its apical width; length of malar space 0.8—1.1 times basal width of mandible; length of hind femur 5.6—6.3 times its width, exceptionally 4.9 times; hind tibial spurs of male (sub)truncate and pigmented apically (figs. 308, 310); length of ovipositor-sheath 0.08 times fore wing; claws at most indistinctly yellowish pectinate basally; apical width of marginal cell 1.9—2.2 times its maximum basal width. Homolobus (Apatia) pallidistigmus (Cameron) comb. nov. (figs. 327—331, 334—340, 709, 712) Cameron, 1911, Ann. Transv. Mus. 2: 210 (as Macrocentrus pallidistigmas). Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 166. Holotype, &, length of body 9 (according to Cameron), of fore wing 8.9 mm, metasoma and hind leg absent. Head. — Remaining antennal segments 12, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 2.9 and 2.6 times their width, respectively; length of 4th segment ca. twice 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp about equal to height of head; inner sides of eyes rather emarginate (fig. 330); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 9: 9: 7; frons mainly rugose, flat (fig. 328); vertex superficially punctulate; face densely punctulate, near eyes and near clypeus almost smooth, rather flat; clypeus almost smooth, superficially and remotely punctulate, flattened; apical margin of clypeus somewhat convex medially, not differentiated from clypeus (fig. 330); length of malar space ca. 0.8 times basal width of mandible; upper condyli of mandibles distinctly below lower level of eyes (fig. 330). Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum ventrally smooth, medially crenulate, posteriorly and dorsally closely punctate (fig. 327); epicnemial area densely punctate; precoxal suture shallow, densely punctate; rest of mesopleuron finely punctulate, almost smooth; metapleural flange large, lamelliform, rounded apically (fig. 327); notauli deep and finely crenulate (fig. 331); surface of propodeum densely punctate-rugose, but almost smooth anteriorly, without carinae medially. Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 10: 17: 73; SRI curved (fig. 329); cu-a subinterstitial, inclivous, and somewhat curved basad apically; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 17: 17: 10; 2A sclerotized basally (fig. 329); area basally of 2A remotely setose. Hind wing: r absent; 2-SC+R transverse; SR weakly sinuate, basally rather sclerotized (fig. 329); SR+RI straight (fig. 337); apical width of marginal cell 2.4 times its maximum basal width. 304 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Legs. — Middle coxa smooth; middle spurs of hind tibia 0.3 times basitarsus, subequal. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum blackish; pterostigma mainly light yellowish; according to the original description the apical half of the antenna is black. Holotype in TMP, Pretoria: “Rietf., 11.2.05, 11.” (= Rietfontein, Pretoria District, S. Africa), “Macrocentrus pallidistigmus Cam., Type” (in Cameron’s handwriting). Additional specimens examined (17 © and 14 @) from Kenya (Karen, Nairobi; nr. Nairobi, 6000 ft), Uganda (Zika Forest, Mengo; Kampala; Katona, Mujenje), Tanzania (W. Usambara Mts., 2100 m, Magamba; Mt. Meru, 1800 m; Chome, Pare Mts., 1800 m), and Zaire (Rutshuru) (TMA, MAC, RMNH, CNC, TC). Variation: Length of fore wing 7.0—9.5 mm; antennal segments 54 in one 9; length of 4th segment of labial palp 2.6—2.8 times 3rd segment; length of malar space 0.8—1.1 times basal width of mandible, exceptionally 0.6 or 0.7 times; length of Ist tergite 2.8—3.4 times its apical width (fig. 334); length of hind femur 6.9—7.0 : times its width (fig. 338); length of ovipositor sheath 0.04—0.06 times fore wing (fig. 335); tibial spurs of hind leg of males truncate and pigmented apically, rather slender (figs. 709, 712); claws simple, more or less pectinate basally (figs. 339, 340); apical width of marginal cell of hind wing 2.4—2.6 times its maximum basal width; antenna more or less yellowish-brown. Notes. Homolobus (Apatia) pallidistigmus (Cameron) belongs to a group of four species, which are sometimes difficult to separate. The two most closely allied species being ophioninus and truncatoides, while huddlestoni is related to ophioninus but rather easily recognizable, these three being usually somewhat smaller than pallidistigmus. H. ophioninus is separable by the rather transverse frontal aspect of the head, because of the highly situated upper condyli of the mandibles. While truncatoides has a more trapezoidal frontal aspect of the head as in pallidistigmus, the latter differs from truncatoides by a more widened marginal cell of the hind wing, a (usually) more developed basal third of vein SR of hind wing, and a more straight SC+RI. Because the variation is considerable, a careful examination is needed to arrive at a reliable identification. The shape of the hind tibial spurs of the males, for instance, may be useful; in pallidistigmus the spurs are rather slender apically, while in ophioninus and usually also in truncatoides they are stout apically. Because of the variation other characters have to be considered as well! Macrocentrus pallidistigmus Cameron sensu Szépligeti belongs to ““Macrocentrus” albitarsis Granger, 1949. Subgenus Chartolobus nov. Etymology: from ““charta” (Latin for “‘lamina’’) and “lobus” (Latin for “‘protuberance’’), because of the more or less developed ventral lamella of the claws. Gender: masculine. Type-species: Zele infumator Lyle. Diagnosis. — Length of body 7.1—14.6, of fore wing 7.0—15.9 mm; antennal VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 305 segments 46—52, its 3rd—6th segments of 9 with a ridge at the inner side (figs. 348, 366, 877, 878); length of 4th segment of labial palp 3.0—4.0 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.5—1.7 times height of head; apical margin of clypeus straight medially and more or less differentiated from clypeus (figs. 344, 374); length of malar space 0.4—0.8 times basal width of mandible; temples roundly (fig. 347) or directly (fig. 375) narrowed apicad; length of hind femur 6.1—7.8 times its width; claws with a subapical tooth or lamella (figs. 350, 364); inner hind claw of 9 concave and bare ventro-basally (figs. 351, 365, 888); hind telotarsus of 9 more or less bare near base of inner hind claw (fig. 888); apices of hind tibial spurs of ¢ sharp and hyaline; 1A + 2A of fore wing curved (figs. 353, 369, 380); basal third of SR of hind wing mainly sclerotized (figs. 349, 368, 379), curved (fig. 343) or almost straight (fig. 379); SC+RI of hind wing curved (figs. 349, 382); r of hind wing absent; length of Ist tergite 2.1—3.1 times its apical width; 2nd tergite smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.04—0.07 times fore wing; posterior part of propodeum more or less separated from antero-dorsal part by a transverse carina (figs. 341, 352, 358, 729), both in about the same plane. Distribution. — One of the three species has an immense distribution; it ranges from the South Neotropical region (Argentina), through the Holarctic region as far as the Oriental region (Indonesia). Both other species occur in the Australian region, and H. undulatus occurs also in the Oriental region. Key to the species of the subgenus Chartolobus 1. Vein 2A of fore wing widened basally and apically if compared with the surrounding veins (figs. 368, 369, 379, 380); Indo-Australian ........ 2 — Vein 2A of fore wing slender, not or slightly widened if compared with surrounding veins (figs. 343, 353); Neotropical, Holarctic, Oriental ...... se 0 6 AE e alia lie infumator (Lyle) (p. 305) 2. Vein SR of hind wing weakly curved basally (fig. 368); vein 2A of fore wing less widened (fig. 369); face more shiny and punctulate (fig. 360); pterostigma light brownish or yellowish brown; hind tarsus yellowish or whitish; Indo- ES RAA CU NN undulatus spec. nov. (p. 309) — Vein SR of hind wing straight basally or nearly so (figs. 379, 382); vein 2A of fore wing strongly widened (fig. 380); face rugulose-coriaceous laterally and rather dull (fig. 374); pterostigma and hind tarsus blackish; Australian MEIN SA REN A Cel ee Ne es BT nigritarsis spec. nov. (p. 310) Homolobus (Chartolobus) infumator (Lyle) comb. nov. (figs. 171—173, 341—353, 877, 878, 888) Nees von Esenbeck, 1834, Hym. Ichn. affin. Mon. 1: 202, 203 (as chlorophthalmus, nec Spinola, 1808!). Lyle, 1914, Entomologist 47: 288, 289, figs. 2, 5, 9 (as Zele). Bengtsson, 1918, Acta Univ. lund. (2)14(32): 39, 41 (Phylacter wesmaeli). Syn. nov. Watanabe, 1932, Insecta matsum. 6: 135 (Zele testaceator f. japonica). Watanabe, 1969, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 71: 319—324, fig. 7. 306 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 224. Tobias, 1971, Tr. Vsesoyuzn. ent. Obshch. 54: 230, 231. Capek, 1972, Ent. Problémy 10: 133, 136. Kabatsjinskajte & Jakimavicius, 1973, Acta ent. Lituanica 2: 86. Jakimavicius, 1974, Tr. AN Lit. SSR B2(66): 97. Capek, 1975, Biolögia 30: 819. Van Achterberg, 1976b, Tijdschr. Ent. 119: 73, figs. 103, 104. Tobias, 1976, Opr. Fauna SSSR 110: 133, fig. 39: 5, 6. Redescribed after the lectotype of H.(C.) wesmaeli (Bengtsson), &, length of fore wing and of body both 7.1 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 37, but apical segments absent, 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.0 and 3.2 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head; eyes weakly emarginate (fig. 344); dorsal length of eye 1.6 times temple; temple rounded apicad (fig. 347); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 8: 7: 6; frons almost smooth and flat; vertex smooth; face rather flat, transversely rugose-striate, but triangular area above clypeus smooth (fig. 344); clypeus rather flat, superficially punctulate, almost smooth; length of malar space 0.7 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum superficially punctulate, with some short crenulae medially (fig. 341); epicnemial area almost smooth; precoxal suture anteriorly finely rugose, its posterior half smooth (fig. 341); rest of mesopleuron indistinctly punctulate; metapleural flange — large, lamelliform, rounded apically; metapleuron punctulate; notauli finely crenulate (fig. 172); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; surface of propodeum smooth, . except for some rugae medially and irregular medial and transverse carinae, with an arc-shaped carina posteriorly, enclosing a small semicircular areola (cf. fig.352). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 7: 13: 54; SRI slightly curved (fig. 343); cu-a shortly antefurcal, straight; 2-M +CUI : CUI = 1: 22; 2-SR : 3-SR: r-m = 12. : 13:9; 2A sclerotized and slender basally (fig. 353); area basally of 2A bare except for some setae basally. Hind wing: Basal third of SR sclerotized and curved (fig. 343); SC+RI strongly curved (fig. 349); marginal cell distinctly constricted (fig. 343). Legs. — Hind coxa smooth; tarsal claws with a subapical tooth (fig. 345); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 7.0, 10.9, and 9.0 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.4 times its apical width, its surface smooth. (fig. 346); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum dark brown. Lectotype in KBIN, Brussels: “Coll. Wesmael”, “1876”, “Phylax chloroph- thalmus N.V.Es., 9, det. C. Wesmael”, “Type”. Lectotype of Phylacter wesmaeli Bengtsson, 1918, herewith selected, and labelled accordingly. There are in the | Wesmael Collection two other heavily damaged specimens with simple claws which probably belong to truncator. The type-series of Zele infumator Lyle consists of 11 9 and 13 g, of which several are reared from Alcis repandata (L.) and one 9 from Agonopterix VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 307 alstroemeriana (Clerck), is in the BM collection (London). One ¢ (glued on a card with a red dot, “type”, and “530”, with a whitish cocoon, “B.M. Type Hym., 3.c.56”, “Zele infumator Lyle”, “G. T. Lyle, New Forest, 31.5.10, Ex B. (= Boarmia) repandata’’, “G. T. Lyle Coll., B.M. 1930—579”’) is herewith selected as lectotype. The propodeum is strongly areolate (fig. 352), the Ist tergite somewhat reticulate-punctate and its length 2.2 times its apical width, and wings slightly infumated apically. The type of H. (C.) japonicus (Watanabe) is a normal specimen of infumator, with rather whitish hind tarsi, a feature not uncommon in New World populations. The holotype is a 9, housed in EI, Sapporo: “23.X.1924, Takao, Takeuchi”, “Zele testaceator Curtis f. japonicus, Type”, “Type Hym. 22 No. 22”. Additionally examined specimens: 209 © and 106 g. From the Neotropical region: Argentina (S. Pedro d. Colalao, 1200 m; Horco Molle, nr. Tucuman; Villa Nogues; Tafi del Valle), Peru (Dept. Lima, Matucana, 2389 m), Bolivia (Coroico, Yungas La Paz; Coroico, 1800 m), and El Salvador (Monte Cristo, 2300 m). From the Nearctic region: Mexico (Chis., 7200 ft, S. Crist. las Casas; Chis., 9600 ft, Zontehuitz, nr. S. Crist.; Dgo., 30 mi. W. La Cuidad, 6500 ft; id., 24 mi. W. La Cuidad, 7000 ft; Dgo., 9000 ft, 10 mi. W. El Salto), California (Skyline Blvd., San Mateo Co.; Mill Valley, Marin Co.; Orinda Village, Contra Costa Co., San Pablo Ridge, below Eureka peak, 1000—1200 ft, oak-chaparral zone; Julian; Lake Wohlford; Forest Glen, 2300 ft, Trinity Co., black light), Nevada (Lee Cyn., 40 mi. NW. Las Vegas, Clark Co., 7400—7500 ft; Baker Creek Camp, 8 mi. W. Baker, White Pine Co., 7700 ft), Arizona (5 mi. W. Portal, Cochise Co., 5400 ft; Huachuca Mts., Cochise Co., Floor of Carr Cyn, 5400 ft; id., 15 mi. S. Sierra Vista, Ramsey Cyn., 5000—6000 ft; Hidden Springs Cyn., 4875 ft, 12 mi. S. Sonoita; Canelo, Santa Cruz Co.; Portal), New Mexico (Cimarron Cyn., 7900 ft, Sangre de Cristo Mts., Colfax Co., black light; Ute Park, 7300 ft), Colorado (Saguache Co., Valley View Springs, ca. 7 mi. E. of Mineral Hot Springs on W. foot of Sangre de Cristo Range, ca. 8500 ft), Utah (Whiterock, 7300 ft), Florida (Waldo; Hawthorne), Montana (Missoula, 3000 ft), Illinois (no locality), South Carolina (Wattacoo, Pickens Co.), Minnesota (Big Fork), Washington (19 mi. NW. Newport, 2850 ft), Maine (Dryden), New Brunswick (Charls Fork, N. Branch), Quebec (L. Expanse; La Tugie; Otter Lake; Lake Mondor, Ste. Flore, at light), Ontario (Ottawa, Dow’s Swamp; Sudbury), and British Columbia (Victoria; Squamish, Diamond Head Trail, 3200 ft; Great Central L.; 28 mi. S. Radium Hot Springs, 2600 ft). From the Palaearctic region: Finland (Helsinki; Somerniemi; Lapptrask; Ruokolanti), USSR (Vilnius, Verkiat, Lit. SSR; Armenia, Tsav, Jabl. sad), Sweden (Skane), Denmark (Veldes; Hannenvo, Falster; Egebjeggd, Nordfyn; Odense), East Germany (Berlin), West Germany (Steinebach am Worthsee; Haffen; Lüneburgerheide; Gräfelfing; Reither Alm, 850 m; Rheinhöhenweg im Kottenforst (nr. Bonn); Mainz; Spessart, Lochmühle), Ireland (Drinnahilly, C. Do.; Tollymore Pk., Co. Do.; Bansla Wd., Co. St.; Old Head, Co. Wm.; Lodge Wds, Glengariff, Co. Wo.), England (Essex, Round Stone (in Curtis Collection, under chlorophthalmus); Hants., New Forest, Minstead), Netherlands (Dorst, nr. Breda; Valkenswaard; Harskamp; Amersfoort, Den Treek; Putten (Gld); 308 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 ’t Harde; Hilversum; Hoog Soeren; Vierhouten; Heerde; Nunspeet; Crailo; Den Dolder; Ede (Gld.); Loenen; Muiderberg; Naardermeer; Overveen; Melissant; Chaam; Amsterdamse Duinwaterleiding, nr. Vogelenzang; Tegelen; Molenven (? nr. Oisterwijk); Oostkapelle; Oploo; Venlo; Bergen op Zoom), France (Jura, Baudiette), Spain (Huesca, Torla, 1035 m), Italy (Garda Lake, Malcesini, 300 m; Süd-Tirol, Cortina d'Ampezzo, Pokol, 1527 m; Tirol, Leutaschstrasse nr. Mittenwald, ca. 1000—1100 m; San Marino, Marche; Riva s. Garda, 250 m), Austria (Styr., Podcetrtek; Nordkitte, 2000 m; Styria m., Sausal-Gebirge, Kitzeck, 300—500 m), Czechoslovakia (Radosima, 8 km SE. Piest’any, Povazsky Inovex; Hostyn-okoli, Mor. or.), Romania (Transsylv. Alp., Cibins. Mts., Hohe Rinne), Greece (Ellas, Kerkyra, Dassia, 5 km SE. Korakiana), Nepal (Ktmd., Pulchauki, 8000 ft), and Japan (Mie Honshu; Kyoto, Honshu; Nagano, Honshu; Sapporo; Jokohama; Hirakura, Mie Honshu). From the Oriental region: Taiwan (Sunmoon Lake), Philippines (Baguio, Benguet), India (U.P., 8000 ft, Chakrata), and Indonesia (Java, Kenden(g) Ridge, 1500 m) (RMNH, ITZ, EI, CNC, BM, MSU, AMNH, CAS, UCA, TC, UZM, HC, ZMH, ZMB, IZP, ZSB, USNM, NMV). Variation: Length of fore wing 6.8—10.0 mm; antennal segments 46—SO; flagellum of antenna often dark brown of blackish basally; cu-a of fore wing shortly antefurcal, interstitial or shortly postfurcal; 2-SC +R sometimes quadrate; cocoon whitish or yellowish; length of ovipositor sheath 0.05—0.07 times fore wing; length of malar space 0.3—0.7 times basal width of mandible. Known hosts of examined specimens: Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée), L. somniaria (Hulst), Nepytia canosaria (Walker), Alcis repandata (L.), Lycia zonaria (Denis & Schiff.), Ematurga atomaria (L.) (all belonging to the Geometridae), and Agonopterix alstroemeriana (Clerck), the latter belonging to the Oecophoridae. Note. Nees (1834) has used the name chlorophthalmus in the genus Rogas probably (at least partly) for this species and referred to the description of Bracon chlorophthalmus Spinola, 1808, in this manner devaluing his description to merely a misidentification of Spinola’s species, as pointed out under Zele chlorophthalmus in this paper (p. 372). The misinterpretation was accepted by Wesmael (1835), whose two specimens still exist. Through the action of Bengtsson (1918), who renamed chlorophthalmus sensu Wesmael as wesmaeli, they became part of the type-series of Homolobus (C.) wesmaeli (Bengtsson, 1918). In the Wesmael Collection there are one ¢ and two damaged specimens, probably females. In his description Wesmael stated that he possessed one 3 and one 9, of which the g had the metasoma darkened dorsally. This male is selected as lectotype of wesmaeli in this paper; the lectotype is a specimen of infumator, which is a senior synonym of wesmaeli. The interpretation of chlorophthalmus sensu Nees (nec Spinola & Haliday) is uncertain and his specimens are lost. I have rejected the interpretation by Nixon (1938), because Wesmael is the first revisor of Nees’ interpretation and the lectotype of wesmaeli fits well the description by Nees. The species which is named Homolobus truncator (Say) in this paper, was named Zele chlorophthalmus sensu Nees by Nixon (1938). VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 309 Homolobus (Chartolobus) undulatus spec. nov. (figs. 358—369, 729, 730) Holotype, 9, length of body 14.6, of fore wing 15.9 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 52, ridge of 4th—6th segments undulate (fig. 366), 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.5 and 2.8 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.0 and 2.4 times their width; length of maxillary palp 1.7 times height of head; eyes rather emarginate (fig. 360); dorsal length of eye 2.2 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 363); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 6: 13: 8; frons somewhat concave medially, mainly smooth; vertex flat, somewhat punctulate and coriaceous; face mainly flat, punctulate; clypeus weakly convex, punctulate (fig. 360); length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum smooth, except for some short crenulae medially and somewhat rugose posteriorly (fig. 358); epicnemial area punctulate; precoxal suture crenulate antero-dorsally, densely punctate antero-ventrally, and its posterior half finely punctulate, as rest of mesopleuron (fig. 358); metapleural flange large, lamelliform, sharp apically, and with a medial carina; metapleuron punctulate, ventrally with some carinae; notauli rather narrow and mainly smooth (fig. 359); surface of propodeum smooth, but medially carinate-rugose, with irregular lateral and transverse carinae (fig. 729). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 11 : 22: 77; SRI weakly curved (fig. 368); cu-a weakly inclivous, postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CU1 = 2: 27; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 19: 22 : 12; 2A strongly widened and sclerotized basally (figs. 368, 369); area basally of 2A mainly bare. Hind wing: Basal third of SR sclerotized and curved (fig. 368); SC+R1 strongly curved (fig. 367); marginal cell distinctly constricted. Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; tarsal claws with a rather large ventral lamella, which is sharp apically, setose (figs. 364, 365); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 7.8, 11.9, and 10.2 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.5 and 0.4 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.1 times its apical width, its surface mainly smooth, laterally and posteriorly somewhat rugulose (fig. 729); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite weakly developed in front of spiracles; length of ovipositor sheath 0.04 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum blackish; surroundings of stem- maticum somewhat infuscated. Holotype in RMNH, Leiden: “Neth. Ind.-Amer. New Guinea Exped., 2800 m, Moss Forest Camp, 18.X.1938, L. J. Toxopeus leg.’’. For location of the camp, see Toxopeus (1940). Paratypes: (10 9 and 8 4) from New Guinea (1 g, allotype, “N.E. New Guinea, Eastern Highlands, Mt. Wilhelm, VI.1965, Research Station, v. Balgooy”; 2 9, “Net. Ind.-Amer. New Guinea Exp., 1938, Lake Habbema, 3250—3300 m, ult. VII-ult. VIII., L. J. Toxopeus leg.”; 1 ©, “Museum Leiden, Nieuw Guinea Exp., K.N.A.G. 1939, Paniai, 19.XI.1939”, (all RMNH); 1 6, “New Guinea (NE), Morobe, Mt. Kaindi, 2350 m, X.1974”; 1 9, “New Guinea, NE., Mt. Kaindi, 2350 m, 12.xi.1964” (both BPBM)), Australia (19 (TC), “Mt. 340 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Cootha, Qld., V.I—17, Australia”), Indonesia (1 © (RMNH), “Dammerman, Idjen, 950 m, Blawan, VI.1924”; 1 3 (RMNH), “Museum Leiden, J. v. d. Vecht, G. Bentang, III.1938”; 1 9 (RMNH), “Museum Leiden, J. v. d. Vecht, G. Tjangkoedang, Djampang Wetan, X1.1938°), India (2 9 (CNC, RMNH), “Anamalai Hills, Cinchona, India, 3500’ (ft), IV.1957, P. S. Nathan”; 2 g (CNC, RMNH), “Anamalai Hills, Madras St., S. India, 3500’ (ft), V.1963, P. S. Nathan” 2 d (CNC), “Devala, Nilgiri Hills, 3200’ (ft), S. India, X.1960, P. S. Nathan”), and Taiwan (1 © (TMA), “Formosa, Sauter”, ““Chip-Chip, (1)909, II’; 1 g (TC), “Bukai, Formosa, VI—11°34’’, “L. Gressitt Collector”). Variation: Length of fore wing 10.7—15.7 mm; antennal segments 47—52; length of malar space 0.4—0.8 times basal width of mandible; length of maxillary palp 1.5—1.7 times height of head; length of Ist tergite 3.0—3.1 times its apical width, length of ovipositor sheath 0.05 times fore wing (in five specimens measured); hind tarsus sometimes rather whitish-yellow or whitish, mesoscutum partly and apex of metasoma sometimes infuscated; vein 2-SC+R sometimes quadrate. | Homolobus (Chartolobus) nigritarsis spec. nov. (figs. 370— 384) Holotype, 9, length of body 12.3, of fore wing 12.0 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 51, 3rd—7th segments with a rather straight ridge (fig. 381), 3rd segment 1.4 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.7 and 3.4 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.0 and 2.1 times their width; length of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head; eyes weakly emarginate (fig. 374); dorsal length of eye 2.6 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 375); POL : & ocellus : OOL = 11 : 10 : 8; frons concave, smooth; vertex almost flat, indistinctly coriaceous; face almost flat, mainly rugulose-coriaceous and rather dull, but medially punctulate and more shiny (fig. 374); clypeus convex, punctulate; length of malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum medially and posteriorly crenulate, and dorsally somewhat punctate (fig. 370); epicnemial area smooth, except fore some punctulation; anterior half of precoxal suture shallowly crenulate dorsally and punctate ventrally, its posterior half smooth dorsally and finely punctate ventrally; rest of mesopleuron smooth, except for some punctulation; metapleural flange large, rounded apically, lamelliform, with carinae (fig. 370); metapleuron smooth dorsally, reticulate ventrally; notauli indistinctly crenulate, only posteriorly wider crenulate (fig. 384); surface of propodeum coarsely and remotely reticulate, anteriorly and posteriorly narrowly smooth. Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 13: 21 : 60; SRI almost straight (figs. 379); cu-a almost straight, postfurcal; 1-CU1 : 2-CUl = 3: 25; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 18: 21:12; 2A very wide and sclerotized basally (figs. 379, 380); area basally of 2A bare, basally and ventrally brownish pigmented (fig. 380). Hind wing: Basal fifth of VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 311 SR sclerotized, rather straight (fig. 379); SC + RI rather curved (fig. 382); marginal cell scarcely constricted. Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; tarsal claws with a sharp subapical lamelliform tooth (fig. 378), setose, and basally indistinctly pectinate, except inner hind claw (fig. 383); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 6.1, 9.7, and 7.2 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.7 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.1 times its apical width, its surface posteriorly and laterally partly rather weakly reticulate-rugose (fig. 372); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite shortly developed basally; length of ovipositor sheath 0.06 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum, antenna (but scapus and pedicellus somewhat reddish), apical 0.6 of hind tibia, hind tarsus (but telotarsus rather reddish), pterostigma, parastigma, and most wing veins, more or less dark brown; basal half of wing membrane yellowish, its apical half infumate. Holotype in RMNH, Leiden: “Neth. Ind.-American New Guinea Exped., Araucaria Camp, 800 m, 23.111.1939, L. J. Toxopeus”. For location of the camp, see Toxopeus (1940). Paratypes: 1 9,2 8; 1g (TC), “Wau & Mt. Kaindi, 4—6500’ (ft), N. Guinea, June 17—22, 1962, Bernd Heinrich”; 1 & (TC), ‘“Wau, N. Guinea, October, 1969, P. Shanahan’; 1 © (BPBM), “New Guinea (NE), Wau, Morobe Distr., 1200 m, 11—18.x.1961”. Length of fore wing 9.1—11.1 mm, antennal segments 49 (one 3), length of Ist tergite 3.1 times its apical width, body partly rather whitish yellowish; antenna of 9 paratype baso-ventrally undulate and lamelliform, as in undulatus. Subgenus Homolobus Foerster Foerster, 1862, Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl. 19: 256. Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 221. Type-species: Phylax discolor Wesmael. Diagnosis. — Length of body 5.1—11.5, of fore wing 5.3—10.6 mm; antennal segments 42—48, its 3rd—6th segments of 9 with a longitudinal ridge at the inner side (figs. 391, 424, 451); length of 4th segment of labial palp 3.5—6.0 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.2—1.7 times height of head; apical margin of clypeus straight (fig. 388) or rather convex (fig. 411) apically, not (fig. 461) or weakly (fig. 445) differentiated from clypeus; length of malar space 0.4—1.3 times basal width of mandible; eyes weakly emarginate (figs. 388, 411); temples roundly (fig. 409) or directly (fig. 429) narrowed posteriad; length of hind femur 5.8—6.9 times its width; claws with a small subapical tooth (fig. 426), bifurcate (fig. 406), with a lamella (fig. 392), or double lamella (fig. 394); inner hind claw of 9 concave and glabrous ventro-basally (figs. 427, 439, 452, 885—887); hind telotarsus of 9 more or less bare near base of inner hind claw (figs. 885—887); apices of hind tibial spurs of Z sharp and hyaline (fig. 410); 1A +2A of fore wing straight (figs. 396, 436); basal third of SR of hind wing only pigmented, unsclerotized, straight or nearly so (figs. 402, 446, 469); SC+ RI of hind wing straight (fig. 404) or weakly curved (fig. 434); r of hind wing absent (fig. 396) or present (fig. 469); length of Ist 312 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 tergite 1.7—3.0 times its apical width; 2nd tergite smooth (fig. 400) or sculptured (fig. 414); length of ovipositor sheath 0.06—0.39 times fore wing; posterior part of propodeum not (fig. 444) or distinctly (fig. 401) separated from antero-dorsal part. Distribution. — The subgenus Homolobus is restricted to the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions. Because the shape of the inner hind claw of the 9 is unknown, the relationship of rugosus, and to a lesser degree of simplex, with the other species of the subgenus is uncertain. The Palaearctic has three species: one widely distributed Palaearctic species (discolor), and two East Palaearctic species, of which simplex is an aberrant species, not closely related to dauricus. There are four Afrotropical species, of which one (rugosus) is very aberrant, but the other three are closely interrelated. One of them is restricted to the African continent (ethiopicus), while two others are restricted to Malagasy. Key to the species of the subgenus Homolobus 1. Claws bifurcate (fig. 406); 2nd tergite rugose (fig. 414); vertex punctate (fig. 409); vein SC + RI of hind wing short, RI mainly absent, and hamuli separated from RI (bg..412)2Malagasy 72. poets a rugosus spec. nov. (p. 314) — Claws with lamella (figs. 390, 394) or with a small subapical tooth (fig. 426); 2nd tergite smooth (fig. 428); vertex punctulate (fig. 429); vein SC + RI of hind wing longer, RI present, short, and hamuli situated at RI (fig. 425) .... 2 2. Claws of 9 and fore claw of ¢ with a ventral lamella (figs. 390, 392), middle and hind claws of & with a 2nd lamella situated on the Ist lamella (figs. 393, 394); propodeum coarsely areolate, with its surface mainly smooth (fig. 400); East Palaearctic: ur. genes EEE simplex (Watanabe) (p.313) — Claws of © and Z with a subapical tooth (figs. 426, 443); propodeum not areolate, or, if areolate, then surface densely rugose posteriorly (fig. 431) 3 3. Precoxal suture, its surroundings and hind coxa coarsely sculptured (figs. 416, 431); at least base of palpi infuscated; vein r of hind wing absent (fig. 418); Afrotropieal oe. Ens im Tr CEO en ERE 4 — Precoxal suture (except anteriorly), its surroundings and hind coxa at most punctulate, usually smooth (figs. 459, 467); palpi whitish or yellowish; vein r of hind wing present (figs. 460, 469); Palaearctic .................. 6 4. Second tergite whitish; subapical tooth of tarsal claws of 9 scarcely visible at 80 x (fig. 443) or, if easily visible, then length of ovipositor sheath 0. 14—0. 17 times fore wing;)Malagasy 1.4 sleten oe SEE 5 — Second tergite dark brown and partly reddish- or yellowish-brown; subapical tooth of tarsal claws of 9 easily visible at 80 x (figs. 452, 455); length of ovipositor sheath 0.07—0.08 times for wing; African Continent ......... tert bake ey ee oer NE DE AE ethiopicus spec. nov. (p. 318) 5. Length of ovipositor sheath 0.14—0.17 times fore wing, about as long as apical height of metasoma, slender as ovipositor (fig. 416); subapical tooth of tarsal claws of © well visible at 80 x, small (figs. 426, 427) ................. N ba eine ee Ga re Sn cingulatus (Granger) (p. 315) — Length of ovipositor sheath 0.06—0.09 times fore wing, distinctly shorter than VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 313 apical height of metasoma, rather stout as ovipositor (fig. 431); subapical tooth of tarsal claws of © scarcely visible at 80 x, minute (figs. 439, 443) ....... MR eke erkeer rebel ea inopinus spec. nov. (p. 316) 6. Length of ovipositor sheath 0.09—0.12 times fore wing, short (fig. 459); propodeum without an areola, smooth, except for some rugae (fig. 459); mesopleuron smooth (fig. 459); Palaearctic ... discolor (Wesmael) (p. 319) — Length of ovipositor sheath 0.36—0.39 times fore wing, comparatively long (fig. 467); propodeum with a suboval areola, surrounded by rugosity (fig. 467); mesopleuron punctulate (fig. 467); East Palaearctic ................. Eer eh ete nader an RR A dauricus Shestakov (p. 320) Homolobus (Homolobus) simplex (Watanabe) comb. nov. (figs. 385— 400) Watanabe, 1932, Insecta matsum. 6: 135, 136, fig. (as Zele). Watanabe, 1969, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 71: 319, 324, 325, figs. 4, 5. Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 226. Holotype, 9, length of body 9.6, of fore wing 9.7 mm. Head. — Remaining antennal segments 26, apical segments missing, 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.4 and 3.5 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.1 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posterially (fig. 387); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 4: 8: 5; frons almost flat and smooth; vertex dull, flat and coriaceous (fig. 387); face rather flat, laterally rather dull, coriaceous, medially rugulose; clypeus remotely punctate, rather convex; apical margin of clypeus not differentiated, rather thick, and almost straight medially (fig. 388); length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum rugose and crenulate medially, ventrally and dorsally mainly smooth (fig. 385); epicnemial area rugose; precoxal suture largely reticulate, smooth apically; rest of mesopleuron punctulate; metapleural flange large, sharp and _ narrowly lamelliform apically (fig. 385); metapleuron largely punctulate, coarsely rugose ventrally; notauli extensively crenulate (fig. 398); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; surface of propodeum coarsely areolated, the enclosed areas smooth and with a short medial carina anteriorly (fig. 400); posterior part of propodeum not well separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 385). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 9: 15: 53; SRI almost straight (fig. 396); cu-a inclivous, shortly postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CU1 = 2: 23; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 13: 15 : 7; 2A sclerotized basally (fig. 396); area basally of 2A bare except for ca. 8 setae apically. Hind wing: r absent; SC + RI weakly curved (fig. 399). Legs. — Hind coxa punctate dorsally, punctulate laterally; hind tarsal claws absent; fore and middle claws with a rather large ventral lamella, yellowish pectinate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind Jeg 6.2, 10.0 and 8.2 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.8 and 0.6 times basitarsus. 314 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.6 times its apical width, its surface reticulate-rugose, medially weakly developed, with a smooth tubercle apically (fig. 400); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; 2nd tergite smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.06 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum and apices of antennal segments (except scapus and pedicellus), blackish. Holotype in EI, Sapporo: “Hokkaido, Uchida/Jôzankei, 15/8-1925”, “Type”, “Zele simplex Watanabe, 9, Type”, “Type Hym. No. 23”. One ¢ additionally examined: (EI) “Sapporo, Hokkaido, 17.VII.1964, H. Takada’, “Zele simplex Watanabe, &, Det. C. Watanabe, 1969”, with very peculiar middle and hind tarsal claws (figs. 393, 394), ventrally with a double lamella. Fore claw as in 9, length of fore wing 8.6 mm, length of Ist tergite 2.5 times its apical width, weakly rugulose, further as holotype. Homolobus (Homolobus) rugosus spec. nov. (figs. 401—414) Holotype. &, length of body 11.5, of fore wing 10.6 mm. Head. — Remaining antennal segments 34, apical segments absent, 3rd segment 1.4 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.2 and 3.1 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 1.5 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriad (fig. 409); POL : @ ocellus: OOL = 6: 8: 7; frons rather flat, smooth; vertex remotely punctate, rather flat (fig. 409); face rather flat, densely and coarsely punctate, with some striae dorsally; clypeus rather flat, remotely punctate; apical margin of clypeus thin, not differentiated, convex ventrally (fig. 411); length of malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible; mandible only slightly twisted apically. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum posteriorly and ventrally rugose, antero-medially with a crenulate groove, and rest of pronotum mainly punctate (fig. 401); epicnemial area mainly smooth; precoxal suture smooth; rest of mesopleuron mainly weakly punctate; metapleural flange rounded apically, large, thick, rugose and not lamelliform (fig. 401); metapleuron coarsely rugose ventrally, and punctulate medially, anteriorly widely impressed; notauli rather narrowly crenulate (fig. 413); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; dorsal surface of propodeum coarsely transversely rugose and medial carina absent; the short posterior part of propodeum well separated from dorsal part (fig. 401), mainly smooth except for some carinae, and with a narrow areola posteriorly (fig. 414). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR: SRI = 12: 11:58; SRI almost straight (fig. 402); cu-a postfurcal, almost straight; 1-CU1: 2-CU1 = 2: 26; 2-SR: 3-SR: r-m = 16:11: 9; 2A scarcely sclerotized (fig. 402); area basally of 2A mainly bare (fig. 407). Hind wing: r absent; SC+RI short, straight, somewhat widened anteriorly (fig. 404); hamuli separated from the mainly absent RI (fig. 412). Legs.— Hind coxa weakly punctate, with some striae apically, and ventrally, more coarsely punctate (fig. 410); tarsal claws bifurcate, because of a large sharp VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 315 subapical tooth, which is situated at the inner side of the claw, only fore claws somewhat pectinate (fig. 406); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.8, 9.9, and 7.0 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.4 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.9 times its apical width, its surface coarsely rugose (fig. 414); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite present in its basal fifth; 2nd tergite rugose (fig. 414). Colour. — Brownish-yellow; face, ventral third of temple, and eye margins dorsally, whitish-yellow; head dorsally, antenna basally (except annellus), apex of metasoma, most wing veins, dark brown; middle and hind tarsi (except telotarsi), white; wing membrane hyaline; pterostigma brown. Holotype in MNHN, Paris: “Madagascar Est, Marojejy, res. nat. int. XII, Anjanaharibe S., 1600 m, III.1961, P. Soga”. Note. — Because the female is unknown, the inclusion of this species in the subgenus Homolobus is only tentative. The other possibility is the subgenus Oulophus, but because it does not fit well in there and the subgenus Oulophus is unknown from the Afrotropical region, I prefer to include it in the subgenus Homolobus. H.rugosus is a peculiar species because of the remarkable combination of apomorphous character-states (e.g., the shape of SC+RI, the reduced RI, the separated hamuli, the large ocelli and antescutal depression, and smooth precoxal suture) and of plesiomorphous character-states (e.g., the bifurcate claws, the separated areolated posterior part of propodeum, the thick, non-lamelliform metapleural flange, the presence of the dorsal carinae of the Ist tergite, and the sculptured 2nd tergite). Homolobus (Homolobus) cingulatus (Granger) comb. nov. (figs. 415—430) Granger, 1949, Mém. Inst. scient. Madagascar 2A: 378, fig. 382 (as Zele). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 223. Lectotype, 9, length of body and of fore wing both 6.6 mm. Head. — Remaining antennal segments 29, apical segments absent, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.1 and 3.7 times their width, _ respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.3 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.3 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 429); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 6: 9: 8; frons rather flat, with some short crenulae; vertex punctulate, rather flat (fig. 429); face rather flat, punctate, dorsally somewhat rugose; clypeus punctulate, rather flat; apical margin of clypeus thin, not differentiated, convex ventrally (fig. 430); length of malar space 1.1 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum crenulate antero-medially, rugose ventrally and posteriorly, and punctate dorsally (fig. 416); epicnemial area rugose; precoxal suture widely punctate-rugose; rest of mesopleuron finely punctate (fig. 416); metapleural flange large, thick, rugose, narrowly lamelliform apically, rather round apically (fig. 416); metapleuron punctulate medially, rugose ventrally and posteriorly; notauli rather narrowly 316 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 crenulate (fig. 421); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; dorsal surface of propodeum almost smooth anteriorly, reticulate-rugose medially and posteriorly areolated, enclosed areas mainly smooth; posterior part of propodeum not separated (fig. 416); medial carina of propodeum absent. Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 9:15:71, SRI straight; cu-a interstitial in left wing, shortly postfurcal in right wing (fig. 418) and 1-CUI : 2-CUI = 1: 15; 2- SR : 3-SR : r-m = 16: 15: 11; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 418); area basally of 2A mainly bare, except distally (fig. 419). Hind wing: r absent; SC + RI weakly curved (fig. 425); hamuli at RI. Legs. — Hind coxa finely rugose dorsally, laterally and ventrally punctate; tarsal claws with small subapical tooth, which is somewhat more developed than in inopinus and well visible at 80x (fig. 426), pectinate basally, except inner hind claw (fig. 427); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.9, 10.5 and 8.8 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.7 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.2 times its apical width, its surface smooth basally and its posterior half rugulose (fig. 428); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; 2nd tergite smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.17 times fore wing, slender, and almost as long as apical height of metasoma (fig. 416). Colour. — Light reddish-brown; palpi (except for 6th segment of maxillary palp), tarsi, apices of tibiae and trochanters partly, hind coxa apically, more or less infuscated; pterostigma and wing veins, brown; metasoma black, except for the 2nd tergite and base of the 3rd tergite, which are white. Lectotype in MNHN, Paris: “Madagascar, Ankaratra, alt. 1800 [m]”, “1/1’40”, “Museum Paris, A. Seyrig”, “44” (= antennal segments), “Type”. Lectotype herewith selected and labelled accordingly. Paralectotypes examined: | 9 and 8 &, of which at least the 9 belongs to the new species inopinus. Additional specimens examined: (2 © and 9 Q), all from Malagasy (Andranotobaka, 1400 m, Ambatolampy; Ampitameloka, 840 m, Sud Moramanga) (MNHN, RMNH). Variations: Length of fore wing 5.3—6.7 mm; length of 4th segment of labial palp 4.3—5.0 times 3rd segment; length of ovipositor sheath 0.14—0.17 times fore wing; some males have the flagellum dark brown. Note. H. cingulatus as defined in this paper is easily recognizable if females are present, because of the comparatively long and slender ovipositor sheath, combined with the whitish 2nd tergite and rather long malar space. The male of inopinus is unknown and may be confused with the males of cingulatus, but cingulatus may be separated by the somewhat longer 4th segment of the labial palp compared with the 3rd segment (length of 4th segment of labial palp 4.35.0 times its 3rd segment in cingulatus, and 3.5—4.0 times in inopinus). Homolobus (Homolobus) inopinus spec. nov. (figs. 431—443) Holotype, 9, length of body and of fore wing both 7.1 mm. Head. — Remaining antennal segments 37, but apical segments absent, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.4 and 3.8 times VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 31197 their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.4 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 442); POL: @ ocellus: OOL = 3: 5 : 5; frons weakly concave, with some rugae; vertex rather flat, punctulate; face rather flat, weakly punctate; clypeus convex basally, weakly punctate; apical margin of clypeus not differentiated, straight medio-ventrally (fig. 437); length of malar space 1.1 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum crenulate antero-medially, punctulate dorsally, and rugose posteriorly and ventrally (fig. 431); epicnemial area mainly rugose; precoxal suture rather coarsely and widely reticulate-rugose; rest of mesopleuron densely punctulate, more punctate near pleural suture; metapleural flange rather large, rounded and lamelliform apically (fig. 431); metapleuron rugose ventrally, punctulate dorsally; notauli narrowly crenulate anteriorly, widely crenulate posteriorly (fig. 438); mesoscutal lobes finely and densely punctulate; surface of propodeum reticulate- rugose anteriorly, only medially remotely reticulate posteriorly, with a short medial carina anteriorly, its posterior part not separated (fig. 431). Wings.— Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 11 : 16: 74; SRI straight; cu-a straight, postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CU1 = 1: 17; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 18: 16: 12; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 435); area basally of 2A mainly bare (fig. 436). Hind wing: r absent; SC +R1 weakly curved (fig. 434); hamuli at RI. Legs. — Hind coxa coarsely (but basally rather weakly) punctate; tarsal claws with a minute subapical tooth, scarcely visible at 80 x (figs. 439, 443); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.7, 9.7, and 9.2 times their width, respectively; length of inner spur of hind tibia 0.7 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.9 times its apical width, its surface rather shallowly reticulate-rugose, but medially and basally smooth (fig. 441); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; 2nd tergite smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.06 times fore wing, somewhat widened apicad, distinctly shorter than apical height of metasoma (fig. 431). Colour. — Light reddish-brown; tarsi and tibiae somewhat infuscated; antenna (except scapus, pedicellus, and apex of antenna), palpi, hind trochanters, and pterostigma, more or less dark brown; Ist tergite, 3rd tergite mainly and following posterior part of metasoma, black; basal half of metasoma (except Ist tergite) yellowish-white. Holotype in MNHN, Paris: “Madagascar, Bekily, Reg. Sud. de l'Ile”, “Museum Paris, IV.38, A. Seyrig”, “Zele cingulatus Gr., B. Sigwalt’’. This specimen is also a paralectotype of cingulatus; I have selected the other 9 as lectotype of cingulatus because it agrees better with the original description (“tarière aussi longue que le metatarse postérieur”). Paratype: 1 9 (RMNH), “La Mandraka, 1250 m, Manjakandria, 30.X.56, A.R.”; length of fore wing 5.3, of body 6.1 mm; length of ovipositor sheath 0.09 times fore wing; precoxal suture extensively rugose- punctate; length of 4th segment of labial palp 4.0 times 3rd segment; length of malar space 1.2 times basal width of mandible; antennal segments 46; length of both penultimate segments of antenna 1.9 times their width; propodeum only weakly sculptured. 318 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Homolobus (Homolobus) ethiopicus spec. nov. (figs. 444—457) Holotype, 9, length of body 7.2, of fore wing 6.9 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 44, but apical segments missing, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.4 and 3.6 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.4 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 3.5 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 456); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 6: 10: 11; frons weakly concave and somewhat rugose; vertex almost flat, punctulate-coriaceous (fig. 456); face weakly convex, coriaceous, dorsally and medially rugose clypeus remotely punctate, rather convex; apical margin of clypeus thin, weakly differentiated from clypeus, and weakly convex ventrally (fig. 445); length of malar space 0.8 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum densely reticulate-rugose, medio-anteriorly crenulate and dorsally punctulate (fig. 444); epicnemial area rugose-punctate; precoxal suture coarsely punctate-. reticulate; rest of mesopleuron punctate; metapleural flange large, narrowly lamelliform and rather sharp apically (fig. 444); metapleuron punctate medially, ventrally reticulate, and dorsally more punctulate; notauli anteriorly narrowly, and posteriorly widely crenulate (fig. 454); mesoscutal lobes densely punctulate; surface of propodeum largely densely reticulate-rugose, anteriorly almost smooth, medial carina absent, and its posterior part not separated (fig. 444). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 6: 8: 39; SRI straight; cu-a almost straight, shortly postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CUl = 1: 17; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 10:8: 6, basal half of 2A sclerotized (fig. 446); area basally of 2A bare (fig. 449). Hind wing: r absent; SC + RI somewhat curved (fig. 448); hamuli at RI. Legs. — Hind coxa densely coriaceous-rugose dorsally, laterally punctate; tarsal claws with a small subapical tooth, well visible at 80 x (figs. 452, 455), setose; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.4, 9.2, and 8.7 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.7 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.0 times its apical width, its surface rugulose (fig. 457); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; 2nd tergite smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.07 times fore wing. Colour. — Reddish-brown; antenna (but annellus and apical half of antenna more light brown), mandibles, base of palpi, propleuron, pronotum ventrally, face sublaterally, stemmaticum, vertex medially, occiput (except near eyes), temples posteriorly, metasoma (but Ist tergite, except for its apex, more reddish-brown; ventral half of metasoma and sides of 2nd notum, yellowish-brown), tegula medially, pterostigma, wing veins, fore and middle coxae, trochanters, and femora, middle tibia, telotarsi, hind coxa posteriorly, hind trochanters, femur, and tibia, more or less dark brown; palpi except for their bases, yellowish. Holotype in CNC, Ottawa: “Tanganyika, W. Usambara Mts., 1600 m, Lushoto, II. 1962”. Paratypes: (2 © and 1 3g), 1 © (BM): “E. Cape Prov., Katberg, 4000 ft, 1—12.i1.1933”, “S.Africa, Ri E. Turner, Brit. Mus... 1933-1982: Ome): “Mpendle, Natal, XII-3-70, S. Afr., H. & M. Townes”; 1 & (TC, allotype), topotypic with 9 from Natal. Variation: Length of fore wing 6.2—6.9 mm; length VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 319 of malar space 0.8—1.3 times basal width of mandible; length of Ist tergite 2.4—3.0 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.07—0.08 times for wing; hind and middle claws of & virtually without subapical tooth (as in cingulatus); sometimes only coxae, propleuron (partly), pronotum ventrally and metasoma (except for Ist tergite), dark brown. Homolobus (Homolobus) discolor (Wesmael) comb. nov. (figs. 169, 170, 458—466, 885—887) Wesmael, 1835, Nouv. Mém. Acad. Brux. 9: 162 (as Phylax). Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1858, in Herklots: Bouwstoffen Fauna Nederland 2: 282 (Phylax aestivalis). Syn. nov. Watanabe, 1969, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 71: 319, 320, fig. 3. Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 223. Tobias, 1971, Tr. Vsesoyuzn. ent. Obshch. 54: 230, 231. Capek, 1975, Biologia 30(11): 819. Tobias, 1976, Opr. Fauna SSSR 110: 131, fig. 39:1. Lectotype, © , length of body 6.1, of fore wing 6.8 mm. Head. — Remaining antennal segments 38, apical segments missing, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.0 and 3.6 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.7 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.4 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 458); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 6: 6: 6; frons almost flat and smooth, with some striae laterally; vertex smooth, weakly convex; face rather flat, coriaceous laterally and superficially transversely rugose (fig. 461); clypeus rather flat, smooth, except for some punctulation; apical margin of clypeus not differentiated, thin, slightly convex ventrally (fig. 461); length of malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum smooth, except for some medial crenulae and rugae posteriorly (fig. 459); epicnemial area smooth; precoxal suture smooth, mainly absent; metapleural flange medium-sized, lamelliform, round apically (fig. 459); metapleuron almost smooth; notauli indistinctly crenulate (fig. 170); mesoscutal lobes indistinctly punctulate; surface of propodeum mainly smooth, except for some short carinae posteriorly and a short medial carina anteriorly, its posterior part not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 459). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 10: 22: 91; SRI almost straight (fig. 460); cu-a weakly inclivous, postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CU1 = 2: 21; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 23: 22 : 11; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 460); area basally of 2A bare. Hind wing: r present; 2A faintly indicated by pigmentation (fig. 460); SC+ RI rather curved (fig. 460); hamuli at R1. Legs. — Hind coxa smooth; tarsal claws with a small, sharp, subapical tooth (fig. 465), setose; length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 6.9, 10.3, and 9.0 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. 320 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 1.9 times its apical width, its surface smooth, except for some microsculpture laterally (fig. 466); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite faintly indicated in front of spiracles; 2nd tergite smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.10 times fore wing. Colour. — Dark brown; body more or less yellowish-brown ventrally; mandibles (mainly), palpi, legs (except apical 0.6 of hind tibia), and upper hind corner of side of pronotum, yellow; dorso-apical 0.6 of hind tibia brown. Lectotype in KBIN, Brussels: “Coll. Wesmael”, “1877”, ““Phylax discolor mihi, Q, det C. Wesmael”, “Type”. The type-locality is the surroundings of Brussels. Lectotype herewith selected and labelled accordingly. There are two paralectotypes, 9, with the same labels as the lectotype. There is a further 9 in the Wesmael Collection which does not belong to the type-series (“4 JI. 1852, Rouge-etoitre’’). Additional specimens examined (82 ©, males are unknown) from Finland (Helsinki; Degerö, Hels.), Sweden (Höör, Skane), Denmark (Klaekket; Mglbaek; Bukke, Skov.; Tandby; Satruphole; Sondby), England (Dorking, Surrey; Box Hill, Surrey), Ireland (Saggart, Co. Du.; Carrowgarry, Co. SI.; Trawalua, Co. Sl), Netherlands (Plasmolen, Z.L.; E. bank Wijde Aa, nr. Woubrugge; Wijster; Oisterwijk; Asperen; Naardermeer, at light; Crailo, at light; Asselt, at light; Ede; Flevopolder), West Germany (Wiesen, Spessart; Geierlambach; Reither Alm, 850 m; Mainz; Ellmau, ca. 1050 m; Tegernsee; nr. Reval), East Germany (Thüringen), Austria (Styr., Podéetrtek), Switzerland (Mülenen, 800 m), USSR (Irkutskaja obl., garden), Japan (Kamikochi; Kyoto, Honshu) (RMNH, HC, CNC, TC, ZMH, ZMB, ZSB, UZM, ITZ, EI, ZIL, USNM, WHC). Variation: Length of fore wing 7.2—8.9 mm, antennal segments 43—48; length of Ist tergite 2.1—2.2 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.09—0.12 times fore wing; anterior half of vein r of hind wing sometimes absent; cocoon whitish. The only known host of the specimens examined is Odontopera bidentata (Clerck), which belongs to the Geometridae (Lepidoptera). Note. The type of Snellen van Vollenhoven’s aestivalis is lost (Van Achterberg, 1974a: 23), but as already indicated in the original description it is morphologically close to discolor. Knowing the Dutch fauna, and considering the ability of Snellen van Vollenhoven to identify correctly despite a lack of literature, I do not hesitate to synonymize aestivalis with discolor. Homolobus (Homolobus) dauricus Shestakov (figs. 467—480) Shestakov, 1940, Ark. Zool. 32A: 18. Watanabe, 1969, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 71: 319, 320, figs. 1, 2 (p.p.). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 223. Holotype, 9, length of body 7.6, of fore wing 7.4 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 46, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.9 and 3.2 times their width, respectively, length of two penultimate segments 2.0 and 2.4 times their width; length of maxillary palp 1.4 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 321 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.0 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 474); POL : & ocellus : OOL = 3: 7: 4; frons rather flat and smooth; vertex rather flat, punctulate-coriaceous (fig. 474); face rather flat, laterally coriaceous, dorso-medially punctate-rugose and ventro-medially punc- tate; clypeus weakly convex, remotely punctate; apical margin of clypeus not well differentiated, thin, almost straight medially (fig. 479); length of malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum coarsely crenulate medially and posteriorly, and striate ventrally (fig. 467); epicnemial area crenulate; precoxal suture punctulate as rest of mesopleuron, mainly absent; metapleural flange large, lamelliform, wide, and round apically; metapleuron punctulate, but rugose-carinate; notauli coarsely and narrowly crenulate (fig. 473); mesoscutal lobes densely punctulate; surface of propodeum smooth anteriorly, medially coarsely transversely rugose and with a suboval areola and costal carinae present (cf. fig. 352), its posterior part not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 467). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 5: 11:40; SRI slightly curved (fig. 469); cu-a somewhat inclivous, but posteriorly curved basad (fig. 469), postfurcal; 1- CUI : 2-CUl = 1: 17; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 10: 11 : 6; 2A well-developed and sclerotized basally (fig. 469); area basally of 2A mainly bare. Hind wing: r present; SC +RI evenly curved (fig. 480); hamuli at Ri. Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; tarsal claws with a small subapical tooth (figs. 475, 476), indistinctly yellowish pectinate, except inner hind claw; length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 5.9, 10.8, and 8.8 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 1.7 times its apical width, its surface smooth, but posterior half weakly and irregularly rugose (fig. 478); dorsal carinae weakly developed in front of spiracles; 2nd tergite smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.39 times fore wing. Colour. — Dark reddish-brown; pterostigma dark brown; palpi, dorso-apical corner of pronotum, and tegulae whitish-yellow; fore and middle legs, light yellowish; eye margin dorsally, vertex, metapleuron mainly, and hind leg mainly, brownish-red; trochanter yellowish and apical two-thirds of hind tibia dark brown; hind tarsus and spurs, reddish; apical third of antenna light brown. Holotype in NR, Stockholm: ‘Vladivostok, Sedanka, Malaise/ 10/8.30”, “Homolobus dauricus sp. n. typ., det. Shestakov”, “402, 77”, “Riksmuseum Stockholm”. Additional specimens examined: (1 9 and 2 &, EI) from Japan (Hirakura, Mie Honshu; Hikosan, Kyushu; Sapporo, Hokkaido). Length of fore wing of © 8.4 mm, and length of ovipositor sheath 0.36 times fore wing. Subgenus Phylacter Reinhard Wesmael, 1835, Nouv. Mém. Acad. Brux. 9: 159 (as Phylax nec Dahl, 1823). Reinhard, 1863, Berl. ent. Z. 7: 248 (nom. nov. for Phylax Wesmael). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 221. 322 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Type-species: Rogas annulicornis Nees. Synonym: Phylax Wesmael, 1835 nec Dahl, 1823. Diagnosis. — Length of body 6.0—10.9, of fore wing 6.3—11.5 mm, antennal segments 46—55, its 3rd-6th segments of 92 without a longitudinal ridge; length of 4th segment of labial palp 2.6—3.1 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.5—1.6 times height of head; apical margin of clypeus rather convex, not differentiated from clypeus (figs. 487, 500, 509); length of malar space 0.5—1.0 times basal width of mandible; eyes weakly emarginate (figs. 487, 500); temples slightly roundly narrowed posteriad (figs. 321, 490, 499); length of hind femur 7.1—8.1 times its width; claws with a rather wide subapical tooth (fig. 491), or with a posteriorly sharp ventral lamella (figs. 498, 510); inner hind claw of 9 convex and setose basally (figs. 491, 502); hind telotarsus of 9 setose near base of inner hind claw; apices of hind tibial spurs of & sharp and hyaline apically (cf. fig. 317); 1A +2A of fore wing straight (figs. 485, 496); basal third of SR of hind wing more (fig. 494) or less (fig. 484) sclerotized and curved (fig. 507); r of hind wing absent; SC+RI distinctly curved (figs. 482, 495, 507); length of Ist tergite 2.6—4.8 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.12—0.25 times fore wing; posterior part of propodeum not or slightly separated from antero-dorsal part of propodeum (figs. 481, 492, 503). Distribution. — The subgenus Phylacter is only known with certainty from the Palaearctic region, if the Himalayan area is considered to be an extension of the Palaearctic region. One species has a mainly more northern distribution (annulicornis), while the other two species are restricted to the South of the Palaearctic region. I have examined a Z from Indonesia (Idjen) which may belong to a species close to annulicornis. Key to the species of the subgenus Phylacter I. Tarsal claws bifurcate, the subapical tooth large and in Q truncate apically (figs. 488, 491); length of ovipositor sheath 0.12—0.16 times fore wing (fig. 481); South East,Palacarctic en. eae bifurcatus spec. nov. (p. 322) — Tarsal claws with a subapical sharp and tooth-shaped ventral lamella (figs. 498, 510); length of ovipositor sheath 0.17—0.25 times fore wing (figs. 492, 503) 2 2. Vein 2-SC+R of hind wing transverse, longer than wide (fig. 495) or quadrate; base of hind tarsus more yellowish basally than medially, 2nd—4th segment whitish, contrasting with hind tibia; mainly North and Middle Palaearc- ti nl LIO annulicornis (Nees) (p. 324) — Vein 2-SC+R of hind wing vertical, wider than long (fig. 507); hind tarsus equally whitish-yellow, only weakly contrasting with hind tibia; South West Palaearctice oe e PE meridionalis spec. nov. (p. 326) Homolobus (Phylacter) bifurcatus spec. nov. (figs. 285, 286, 481—491) Holotype, 9, length of body 9.7, of fore wing 9.6 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 41, but apical segments missing, 3rd segment 1.3 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 323 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.1 and 3.2 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.2 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 5: 5: 6; frons en vertex almost flat and smooth; face mainly flat and slightly punctulate; clypeus convex and punctulate (fig. 487); length of malar space 0.7 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum dorsally smooth, medially and postero-ventrally crenulate-rugose (fig. 481); epicnemial area weakly rugose; precoxal suture largely crenulate-rugose, posteriorly almost smooth (fig. 481); rest of mesopleuron smooth; metapleural flange large, lamelliform, wide and rounded apically (fig. 481); metapleuron largely smooth, rugose ventrally and crenulate anteriorly; notauli closely crenulate (fig. 286); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; surface of propodeum rugose posteriorly and laterally, antero-medially mainly smooth, with a medium-sized carina; this antero-medial carina is divided posteriorly, enclosing a triangular area, its base formed by a lamelliform transverse carina apically. Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 9: 15 : 52; SRI curved (fig. 484); cu-a almost straight, postfurcal; 1-CU1: 2-CU1 = 3: 23; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 12: 15:9; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 484); area basally of 2A remotely setose (fig. 485). Hind wing: SR rather shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 482); 2-SC+R transverse (fig. 484). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; tarsal claws with a large and truncate subapical tooth (figs. 488, 491), outer claws yellowish pectinate basally, inner claws only setose basally; length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 7.1, 10.7 and 10.4 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.4 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 4.8 times its apical width, its surface mainly smooth, laterally somewhat microsculptured (fig. 489); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite present in front of spiracles; length of ovipositor sheath 0.14 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum and its surroundings, and areola, dark brown; hind tarsus evenly yellowish-white, contrasting with hind tibia; pterostigma light brown. Holotype in NR, Stockholm: “‘N.E. Burma, Kambaiti, 2000 m, 21/5.1934, Malaise”, “Riksmuseum Stockholm”. Paratypes: (4 9 and 4 ¢) from Burma (1 9 and 2 Z, topotypic: | &, 28/5, 34, 7000 ft (allotype, NR); 1 ©, 13—22.VI,1934, 7000 ft (RMNH); 1 4, 8.V.1934, 7000 ft (NR)), India (2 &, “United Prov., India, 1949, F. Bianchi” (TC); 1 9, “India, H.P., Kalalop, 2138 m, 7.VI.1971, Kamilko, DH 79” (DZD)), and Nepal (2 9, “27°58’N, 85°00’E, Nepal, 11100 ft, 7 June 1967, Can. Nepal Exp.”, “Zele Det. W. R. M. Mason” (CNC)). Variation: Length of fore wing 9.0—11.5 mm; antennal segments 49—54; length of malar space 0.7—1.0 times basal width of mandible; length of ovipositor sheath 0.12—0.16 times fore wing; length of Ist tergite 3.7—4:7 times its apical width; frequently middle of mesoscutal lobes dark brown or blackish; 2-SC+R quadrate or transverse; subapical tooth of tarsal claw of & more sharp apically than in ©. 324 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Homolobus (Phylacter) annulicornis (Nees) comb. nov. (figs. 315—318, 492—502) Nees, 1834, Hym. Ichn. affin. mon. 1: 201 (as Rogas). Haliday, (1835) 1836, Ent. Mag. 3:141, 142 (as testaceator (nec Curtis, 1832!)). Wagner, 1928, Verh. Ver. naturw. Unterh. Hamb. 20: 10. Watanabe, 1969, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 71: 319, 320, 323, fig. 6. Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 226. Papp, 1970, Israel J. ent. 5: 65 (needs confirmation). Tobias, 1971, Tr. Vsesoyuzn. ent. Obshch. 54: 230, 231. Capek, 1972, Ent. Problémy 10: 133, 136. Papp, 1973, Acta Mus. Mac. Sc. Nat. 14: 9. Kabasinskaité & Jakimavicius, 1973, Acta ent. Lituanica 2: 80, 86. Jakimavicius, 1976, Tr. AN Lit. SSR B2 (74): 90, 93. Gauld & Huddleston, 1976, Entomologist’s Gaz. 27: 43, fig. 20. Tobias, 1976, Opr. Fauna SSSR 110: 133, fig. 39: 7—10. Neotype, 9, length of body and of fore wing both 9.7 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 45, but apical segments missing, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segment 3.5 and 3.2 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.6 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 1.7 times temple; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 5: 6: 5; frons rather flat, with some microstriae laterally (fig. 499); vertex rather flat, smooth; face punctulate- rugulose, rather flat; clypeus rather flat, punctulate (fig. 500); length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum crenulate medially and posteriorly, striate ventrally and almost smooth dorsally (fig. 492); epicnemial area reticulate-rugose; precoxal suture reticulate-rugose, but almost smooth posteriorly (fig. 492); rest of mesopleuron punctulate; metapleural flange large, lamelliform, wide en rounded apically (fig. 492); metapleuron punctulate, with some crenulae ventrally; notauli almost smooth, somewhat crenulate posteriorly (fig. 316); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; surface of propodeum finely rugose, almost smooth anteriorly, medial carina absent, except for a short part anteriorly. Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 10: 14: 55; SRI weakly curved (fig. 494); cu-a weakly curved (fig. 494), postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CUI = 1:11; 2-SR:3-SR:r-m = 13: 14: 8; 2A scarcely sclerotized basally (fig. 494); area basally of 2A remotely setose (fig. 496). Hind wing: 2-SC+R transverse; basal third of SR wholly sclerotized (figs. 494, 495). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; tarsal claws with a subapical sharp, tooth- shaped lamella (figs. 498, 502), yellowish pectinate basally, except inner hind claw (fig. 502); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 8.0, 11.2, and 10.4 times its width, respectively; length of outer spur of hind tibia 0.4 times basitarsus (in a Q specimen from Denmark (Klaekket) both spurs 0.5 and 0.6 times basitarsus (fig. 317)). Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.5 times its apical width, its surface mainly smooth, but somewhat rugulose laterally (fig. 315); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.18 times fore wing. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 325 Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum blackish; hind tarsus (except its base and apex) contrasting with its tibia; subapical antennal segments indistinctly infuscated apically; pterostigma yellowish. Neotype (9!) in KBIN, Brussels: “Coll. Wesmael”, “1874”, “4 Phylax 9 annulicornis N.V. Es., det. C. Wesmael”, “Type”. Collected in Belgium, in Charleroi or near Brussels, as stated by Wesmael. Because the type of Nees is lost and Wesmael is the first revisor, I designate here this specimen as the neotype of Rogas annulicornis Nees, 1834, the type-species of Phylacter Reinhard. Additional specimens examined: (93 © and 137 &) from Sweden (Päl.; Lund; Öland, Gärdby), Denmark (Ordrüp, Lynabg; Thali; Humlebaek; Amager; Hinde; Klaekket, Haas; Vorso; Moens Fyr, nr. Borre; Moesgaard; Braband; Bukke, Skov.; Aakiaer; Silkehorn; Bogg; Rus; Satruphlg; Schelde; Sathò; Aarò; Dyrehavn; Copenhagen; Markskel, 100 m, N. Kohavegärd, Ostjylland, S. Vejle), West Germany (Steinebach am Wörthsee; Hüll nr. Wolnzack; Gambach, nr. Würzburg, at light, beech wood; Wiesen, Spessart; Mainz; Kiel; Worms, Rosg.; Weisskirchen, Mähren; Goslar; Niederadenau, Eifel; Fahnersche Höhe; Tübingen; Bodensee, Ueberlingen; Eisenberg; Goslar a. H., Grauhöfer Holz; Oelber a. W.; Barenkopf; Park Allee, Eichst.; Gräfeling, Bayern; Günzburg a. D.; München; Furstwied; Harz, Eikntal; Tegernsee), East Germany (Thüringen, Blankenburg; Brünshäupten; Berlin; Ebersdorf), Austria (Leitha Mts., Donnerskirchen; Wien; Rainberg; Steinbruch, Salzburg; Styria, Pagaska, Slatina, 228 m), Switzerland (Glion, 800 m), Czechoslovakia (nr. Prague), Poland (Gdansk), USSR (Moscow; Kaunas; Vilnius, Jaansali; Azerbaijdzhan SSR, Kalajbugurt, wood), Hungary (Budapest), Ireland (Finglas, Co. Du.; Knather, Bundoran dt., Co. Ed.; Strangford, Co. Do.; Trawalua, Co. SI.), England (Coomb Wood), Netherlands (Tegelen, De Holtmühle, Zuid-Limburg; Driebergen; Venray; Oosterbeek; Neerijnen, Waardenburg; Asperen; Venlo; Otterlo), France (La Bégude de Mazenc, Drôme), Italy (Garda L., Malcerni, 300 m), Romania (Transsylv. Alps, Cibins. Mts.), China (Manchuria, Maderschan), and Japan (Kamikochi; Kyoto, Honshu) (RMNH, ITZ, HC, CNC, TC, UZM, ZSB, ZMB, IZP, NMV, ZIL, USNM, ZI, WHC, EI, KBIN). Variation: Length of fore wing 6.3— 10.3 mm; antennal segments 48—52; length of Ist tergite 2.9—3.5 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.17—0.22 times fore wing; metasoma sometimes infuscated apically; vein 2-SC+R of hind wing transverse or quadrate; cocoon whitish, with a more or less developed white transverse medial band. Known hosts of examined specimens: Lithophane lamda (F.), Enargia ypsillon (Denis & Schiff.), Xestia triangulum (Hufn.), and Orthosia spec., all four belonging to the Noctuidae, Lepidoptera. Note. This species is often named Zele testaceator Curtis, 1832 (e.g., Nixon, 1938), but examination of the type, the original description, and the figures given by Curtis revealed its synonymy with Zele albiditarsus Curtis, 1832 (formerly placed in Zemiotes or Meteorus). That the correct name for this species is annulicornis was stated in 1918 by Bengtsson. He based his opinion solely on the original description, which is clear enough to show testaceator of Curtis is the female sex of albiditarsus, of which Curtis described only the male. In the Curtis 326 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Collection under testaceator, there are 2 9 of Zele albiditarsus Curtis (of which one is the type of testaceator, see note under albiditarsus) and 3 3. One male without a label and two males collected after the publication of testaceator; these males belong to annulicornis, and cannot be types of testaceator. Homolobus (Phylacter) meridionalis spec. nov. (figs. 321—323, 503—512) Holotype, 9, length of body 9.9, of fore wing 10.3 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 41, but apical segments missing, 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.1 and 3.1 times their width, respectively; POL : & ocellus : OOL = 4: 6: 5; length of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.0 times temple; frons rather flat, largely smooth, with some microsculpture (fig. 321); vertex rather flat, punctulate; face punctulate, somewhat rugulose near antennal sockets, rather flat (fig. 509); clypeus convex, punctulate; length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; side of pronotum smooth dorsally, rugulose-crenulate medially and striate ventrally (fig. 503); epicnemial area reticulate-punctate; precoxal suture largely reticulate-punctate, posteriorly almost smooth (fig. 503); rest of mesopleuron punctulate; metapleural flange large, rather thick, and sharp apically; metapleuron mainly smooth, ventrally rugose; notauli narrowly and indistinctly crenulate (fig. 323); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; anteriorly surface of propodeum mainly smooth, posteriorly coarsely reticulate (fig. 511), without medial carina. Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 15: 30: 118; SRI curved (fig. 506); cu-a inclivous, slightly curved posteriorly, postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CUI = 2: 25; 2-SR : 3- SR: r-m = 25 : 30: 17; 2A distinctly sclerotized basally (fig. 506); area basally of 2A sparsely setose (fig. 504). Hind wing: 2-SC+R vertical (fig. 507); basal third wholly sclerotized (fig. 506). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; tarsal claws with an apically sharp, tooth-shaped lamella (figs. 510, 512), indistinctly yellowish pectinate basally, except inner hind claw; length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 8.1, 12.6, and 10.0 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.4 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.0 times its apical width, its surface largely smooth, laterally with some carinae and striae (fig. 511); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent, only behind the spiracles with a dorso-lateral carina; length of ovipositor sheath 0.20 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum black; hind tarsus, base of hind tibia, fore and middle legs mainly, more or less whitish-yellow; hind tarsus only weakly contrasting with hind tibia. Holotype in CNC, Ottawa: “15.V.1960, Oued Tisquite, 1650 m, 2 km NO Itrano, N. Marokko, Er. Schmidt”. Paratypes: (8 © and 3 4) from Spain (1 & (UZM), “Spain, Granada, Sierra Nevada, Alb. Universitaria, 6 May 1966, 2600 m, Lyveb.- Matin-Langem.”), Cyprus (1 & (CNC), “24.4.53, Cypern, Pera Pcd., VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 327 Mavromoustakis”; 1 © (TC), “Limasol, Cyprus, 23.12.1946, Mavromoustakis’’), and France (1 © (RMNH), ‘‘44°06’N, 6° 15’E, Digne, 650— 750 m, 6-11.VI.1967, J. B. Wolschrijn”; 7 © and 14 (ITZ, RMNH), “France, Var., Grimaud, B. J. Lempke & K. Straatman”; collected between 11-19.X.1971). Variation: length of fore wing 7.8—10.0 mm; antennal segments 46—50; length of ovipositor sheath 0.20—0.22 times fore wing; length of Ist tergite 3.0—3.1 times its apical width; propodeum sometimes with an irregular medial carina. Note. This new species seems to have escaped attention because it occurs in spring (April, May), early summer (beginning of June), late autumn (October), or winter (December), while annulicornis is most frequently captured in July and August, and less frequently in May, June, and September, although I saw some exceptional captures of annulicornis from April, October and November. H. meridionalis seems to replace the closely related annulicornis in the Mediterranean Region. Subgenus Oulophus nov. Etymology: From “où” (Greek for “‘not’’) and “.opos” (Greek for “ridge”), because the antennal rid- ge of the 9 is not distinctly developed. Gender: masculine. Type-species: Homolobus armatus spec. nov. Diagnosis. — Length of body 5.8—9.9, of fore wing 5.4—11.5 mm; antennal segments 40—54, its 3rd—6th segments of 9 usually without a longitudinal ridge, if exceptionally present (fig. 720), then rather weakly developed; length of 4th segment of labial palp 2.2—7.0 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.2—1.9 times height of head; apical margin of clypeus rather convex (fig. 525) or almost straight (fig. 549) medially, not (fig. 525) or distinctly (fig. 550) differentiated from clypeus; length of malar space 0.3—1.3 times basal width of mandible; eyes weakly emarginate (figs. 525, 572, 645, 675); temples directly (fig. 677) or weakly roundly narrowed (fig. 722) posteriad; length of hind femur 5.8—7.6 times its width; claws with a large (fig. 524) or small (fig. 534) subapical tooth, or with a narrow, apically sharp, tooth-shaped lamella ventrally (figs. 522, 570); inner hind claw of 9 convex or straight and setose basally (figs. 524, 534, 560), exceptionally bare and slightly concave (fig. 571); hind telotarsus of 9 setose near base of inner hind claw; apices of hind tibial spurs of G sharp and hyaline apically; 1A +2A of fore wing straight (figs. 515, 591); basal third of SR of hind wing only pigmented, not sclerotized (fig. 516) or sclerotized (figs. 618, 635), straight (fig. 631) or weakly curved (fig. 641); r of hind wing present (figs. 590, 603) or absent (figs. 516, 635); SC+R1 more or less curved (fig. 683 versus figs. 539, 555) or almost straight (figs. 631, 725); length of Ist tergite 1.8—3.9 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.07—0.77 times fore wing; posterior part of propodeum distinctly (figs. 513, 527) or not (figs. 541, 564) separated from antero- dorsal part of propodeum. Distribution. — This largest and rather diverse subgenus of Homolobus is widespread, but is unknown from the Afrotropical and Australian regions. In total ten out of 16 species occur in the New World, including four species restricted to 328 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 the South West Nearctic (Sonoran) area, where they seem to have evolved. In the Palaearctic region (including the Himalayan area) six species occur, one of which is Holarctic in its distribution. In the Oriental region (excluding the Himalayan area) only one species is Known. Key to the species of the subgenus Oulophus 1. Malar space comparatively long (figs. 525, 532), its length 1.0—1.3 times basal width of mandible; hind coxae extensively and more or less coarsely rugose (figs. 523, 527); both penultimate segments of antenna of 9 stout (figs. 518, 531), their length 1.2—1.6 times their width; Ist tergite somewhat narrowed apicad (figs. 526, 537); antero-dorsal part of propodeum distinctly separated from its posterior pant; Palaearctic: E 2 — Malar space comparatively short (figs. 549, 554, 595), its length 0.3—0.8 times basal width of mandible; hind coxae smooth or punctulate, at most somewhat rugose dorsally (figs. 553, 596); both penultimate segments of antenna of 9 more slender, their length 1.7—2.9 times their width; antero-dorsal part of propodeum variable, but in most species not distinctly separated from its posteriorpart (Mes 553. 311) TERRE ee N 3 2. Subapical tooth of tarsal claws comparatively stout, rather blunt and subequal to the apical tooth, resulting in sub-bifurcate claws (figs. 522, 524); body mainly black; medially propodeum mainly coarsely reticulate; vein r of hind wing absent (fig. 516) or only present as a short remnant (fig. 519); pterostigma dark brown; hind basitarsus basally black or brownish, and at least apical half of basitarsus white; vertex smooth or punctulate (fig. 520) ............. EELDE GUE, SAL LÄNGE HERE da ea RE carbonator (Shestakov ) (p. 330). — Subapical tooth of tarsal claws slender, sharp, much shorter than the apical tooth (figs. 531, 536); body yellowish and/or brownish; propodeum, except for the carinae, only indistinctly sculptured (fig. 537); vein r of hind wing present, but anterior half usually indistinctly developed (fig. 539), exceptionally mainly absent; whole hind basitarsus and pterostigma yellowish; vertex coriaceous (fio: 338), SER patie, PUS REVERE bohemani (Bengtsson) (p. 332) 3. Vein r of hind wing present (figs. 543, 555), at least posteriorly present as a brownish pigamented'striper. 2410) OEE ee EE rae eee 4 — ;Veinr completely absenti(figs) 618,635), set o 9 4. Ovipositor sheath short (figs. 541, 553), 0.08—0.16 times fore wing; mesonotum more orless/)brownish-yellow vatten TEAR ENE 5 — Ovipositor sheath comparatively long (figs. 577, 588, 602), 0.25—0.52 times fore wing; mesonotumimainly black nnie eN 7 5. Pterostigma and parastigma of 9 unicolorous, yellowish; hind tarsus whitish- yellow; vein r of hind wing comparatively long and strongly reclivous (figs. 525, 569); vertex smooth (fig, 568) Re OO ee 6 — Pterostigma and parastigma of 9 bicolorous, yellowish and dark brown; hind tarsus brownish-yellow; vein r of hind wing short and comparatively straight (fig. 540); vertex coriaceous (fig. 550); South Nearctic ua rn. SE N ee VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 329 ana ia arts lem INNERE bicolor spec. nov. (p. 333) Precoxal suture with some rugae antero-dorsally (fig. 553); subapical tooth of tarsal claws comparatively slender, claws weakly concave medio-ventrally (fig. 558, 560); vein cu-a of fore wing parallel to 3-CUI (fig. 555); palpi, fore and middle legs more or less whitish-yellow; costulae of propodeum at least partly developed: (fie..553); Holarctiex 0.0 case ies flagitator (Curtis) (p. 334) Precoxal suture smooth (fig. 564); subapical tooth of claws lamelliform, rather wide (figs. 570, 571); claws straight medio-ventrally (fig. 571); vein cu-a of fore wing more inclivous than 3-CUI (fig. 567); palpi, fore and middle legs, brownish-yellow; costulae of propodeum absent (figs. 564, 661); South Neareticand Neotropical: 5» sent ir 0m acares spec. nov. (p. 336) Apical two-thirds of hind tibia dark brown or blackish (fig. 596); vertex smooth (fig. 594); propodeum more or less rugose medially (fig. 588); pterostigma unicolorous, dark brown; surroundings of the veins 1-M and 1- SU ottiore wingshyaline: Palaearctic» 419544. Hate mue eee. 8 Hind tibia completely brownish-yellow; vertex coriaceous (fig. 578); propo- deum smooth, except fore some indistinctly developed sculpture postero- medially (fig. 577); pterostigma bicolorous, basally yellowish and medially dark brown; surroundings of the veins 1-M and 1-CUI infuscated (fig. 580); Neetropicalubyitsiag tenga nie Oa occidentalis spec. nov. (p. 337) Ovipositor sheath subequal to length of metasoma (fig. 588), its length 0.51—0.52 times fore wing; length of vein 3-SR of fore wing 1.7—2.0 times vein r of fore wing; face blackish; length of malar space 0.6—0.7 times basal width of mandible; East Palaearctic ...... nipponensis spec. nov. (p. 338) Ovipositor sheath much shorter than metasoma (fig. 602), its length 0.25—0.26 times fore wing; length of vein 3-SR of fore wing 1.0—1.3 times vein r of fore wing; face reddish-brown; length of malar space 0.4—0.5 times basal width of mandibles South Palaearctici.. enr toe nepalensis spec. nov. (p. 340) Basal quarter of vein SR of hind wing equally sclerotized as vein 1-M (figs. 618, 635); area basally of vein 2A of fore wing mainly bare (figs. 619, 636); precoxal suture widely sculptured (figs. 616, 633); Oriental and South PA RESOURCE D ET LE 10 Basal quarter of vein SR of hind wing only pigmented, not sclerotized as vein 1-M (figs. 649, 692); area basally of 2A variable, but if mainly bare, then precoxal suture mainly smooth (figs. 714, 734); New World ......... 11 . Vein 2-SC+R of hind wing long, transverse (figs. 618, 631); base of vein SR of hind wing straight; tarsal claws with a ventral lamella (fig. 629); antenna, hind tibia and body yellowish; Oriental ........ crenulatus spec. nov. (p. 341) Vein 2-SC+R of hind wing short, vertical (figs. 635, 641); base of vein SR of hind wing weakly curved; tarsal claws with a subapical tooth (fig. 638); antenna mainly dark brown, but with a medial white or yellowish ring; body and apical 0.7 of hind tibia mainly brownish-black; South Palaearctic ..... SEES an at Ar eI A bce IENA CONAI or psn te annulatus spec. nov. (p. 342) . Vein SC+RI of hind wing curved (figs. 655, 669, 683); area basally of vein 2A of fore wing sparsely setose (figs. 648, 671); vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal or 330 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 interstitial with vein 1-M, exceptionally postfurcal (figs. 649, 670); precoxal suture extensively sculptured, at least dorsally (figs. 647, 680) ........ 12 Vein SC+RI of hind wing straight (figs. 716, 739); area basally of vein 2A of fore wing bare (figs. 719, 738); vein cu-a of fore wing distinctly postfurcal (fig. 716); precoxal suture usually mainly smooth (figs. 714, 734) ........ TS . Length of ovipositor sheath 0.08—0.36 times fore wing, comparatively short (figs. 667, 680) or medium-sized (fig. 694); subapical tooth of tarsal claws medium-sized (fig. 678) or rather large (fig. 699); hind tarsus more whitish yellow, more strongly contrasting with the brownish tibia .......... 13 Length of ovipositor sheath 0.68—0.79 times fore wing, long (figs. 646, 649); subapical tarsal tooth comparatively large (fig. 656); hind tarsus and its tibia almost equally coloured, not or only weakly contrasting; South Nearctich Hu RER O E a armatus spec. nov. (p. 343) . Head and antenna brownish-yellow; base of vein SR of hind wing weakly curved (fig. 682); vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal (fig. 698) or subinterstitial; propodeum rather coarsely and rather remotely rugose or almost smooth (figs. 680,694): South Nearcticr tr De. ASI RE NT SR: 14 Head and basal half of antenna (except both basal segments partly), dark brown; base of vein SR of hind wing almost straight (fig. 669); vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial with 1-M (fig. 670) or postfurcal; propodeum partly finely and densely reticulate-rugose (fig. 667); Neotropical obscurus spec. nov. (p. 344) . Length of ovipositor sheath 0.12—0.15 times fore wing, comparatively short (fig. 680); length of vein 3-SR of fore wing less than twice vein r of fore wing (fii GSD) soa ea RT se eee antefurcalis spec. nov. (p. 345) Length of ovipositor sheath 0.29—0.36 times fore wing, medium-sized (fig. 694); length of vein 3-SR of fore wing more than twice vein r of fore wing (fig. 698): EN Coad mr ORGE AREE AEN mesoxiphius spec. nov. (p. 346) . Length of fore wing of 9 ca. 1.3 times length of body (compare fig. 716 with fig. 714); inner aspect of 3rd—8th antennal segments with a rather weakly developed ridge (fig. 720); subapical tooth of claws comparatively stout (figs. 723, 734); length of ovipositor sheath ca. 0.07 times fore wing ........... POOR A MENE macropterus spec. nov. (p. 347) Length of fore wing of 9 1.0—1.1 times fore wing (compare fig. 737 with fig. 734); antenna of 9 without ridge; subapical tooth of claws comparatively slender (fig. 740); length of ovipositor sheath 0.13—0.14 times fore WINE. NME REI E LENA eee rectinervis spec. nov. (p. 348) Homolobus (Oulophus) carbonator (Shestakov) comb. nov. (figs. 513—526) Shestakov, 1940, Ark. Zool. 32A: 17 (as Zele). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 222. Holotype, 9, length of body 7.5, of fore wing 6.1 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 46, 3rd segment 1.4 times 4th segment, without antennal ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 2.9 and 2.1 times their width, VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 331 respectively, both penultimate segments 1.4 times their width (fig. 518); length of 4th segment of labial palp 4.0 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.3 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 520); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 4: 5: 6; frons mainly flat, with some striae near antennal sockets (fig. 520); vertex almost flat and smooth; face weakly convex, punctulate medially, punctate laterally and punctate-striate dorsally; clypeus rather flat, remotely punctulate; apical margin of clypeus weakly convex ventrally, not differentiated (fig. 525); length of malar space 1.3 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum smooth dorsally, coarsely crenulate medially and posteriorly, superficially rugose ventrally (fig. 513); epicnemial area punctate-rugose; precoxal suture rugose dorsally, reticulate-rugose medially and punctate ventrally; rest of mesopleuron punctulate; metapleural flange large, wide, thick, without carina, rounded apically (fig. 513); metapleuron largely reticulate-rugose, more punctate medially and almost smooth dorsally; notauli well impressed, wholly crenulate, anteriorly rather narrowly; mesoscutal lobes punctulate; surface of propodeum largely coarsely rugose-reticulate, anteriorly almost smooth, medial carina present in anterior third, its posterior part well separated from somewhat shorter antero-dorsal part, and with weak tubercles laterally (fig. 513); spiracle of propodeum rather large (fig. 513). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1=6 : 6: 40; SRI straight; cu-a straight, postfurcal; 1-CU1=1 : 14; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m=32 : 24 : 23; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 516); area basally of 2A sparsely setose (fig. 515). Hind wing: r absent, but remnant present in right wing (fig. 519); 2-SC+R transverse; SC +R1 weakly curved (fig. 519); basal third of SR weakly curved and unsclerotized (fig. 516). Legs. — Hind coxa coarsely rugose-reticulate (fig. 513); tarsal claws with a rather blunt, large subapical tooth (fig. 522, 524), yellowish and inconspicuously pectinate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.3, 10.3, and 7.6 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.7 and 0.4 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.1 times its apical width, its surface narrowed posteriad, reticulate-rugose (fig. 526); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.15 times fore wing. Colour. — Black; mandibles, palpi, antenna, antennal sockets, legs (except coxae, hind femur and tibia (except their bases), and hind tarsus), metasoma ventrally, 2nd tergite laterally (fig. 526), wing venation, and tegulae, brownish; hind tarsus (except the black basal half of basitarsus and brownish telotarsus) - white; pterostigma dark brown; wing membrane hyaline. Holotype in NR, Stockholm: “Vladivostok, Sedanka, Malaise/ 18/7, 30”, “Zele carbonator sp. n. typ., det. Shestakov”, “401, 77”, “Riksmuseum Stockholm”. Paratype: 1 ©, topotypic (ZI), not examined. Additionally examined: 2 8 (DZD), “N.E. Burma, Kambaiti, 1800 m, 17/6 & 16/6, 1934, Malaise, Riksmuseum Stockholm”. Variation: wing membrane somewhat brownish, base of hind tarsus only narrowly brownish; subapical tooth of tarsal claws smaller than in holotype, 332 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 still larger than in bohemani; vertex punctulate; vein r of hind wing completely absent; length of malar space 1.2 times basal width of mandible. Homolobus (Oulophus) bohemani (Bengtsson) comb. nov. (figs. 354—357, 527— 539, 707) Bengtsson, 1918, Acta Univ. lund. (2)14(32) : 39, 44, 45 (as Phylacter). Watanabe, 1969, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 71: 319, 323 (as geminator). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 221. Holotype, 9, length of body 7.1, of fore wing 7.5 mm. Head. — Remaining antennal segments 18, apical segments absent, 3rd segment subequal to 4th segment, without ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.0 and 2.9 times their width, respectively; length of 4th segment of labial palp 7 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.4 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 1.8 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad, coriaceous (fig. 538); POL : & ocellus : OOL= 9: 9: 14; frons flat, striate (fig. 538); vertex rather flat, coriaceous; face weakly convex, transversely and finely striate, especially laterally coriaceous (fig. 532); clypeus convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus weakly convex ventrally, thin, well differentiated; length of malar space 1.1 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum largely densely reticulate-rugose, dorsally smooth and crenulate medio-anteriorly (fig. 527); epicnemial area reticulate-rugose; precoxal suture coarsely reticulate- rugose; rest of mesopleuron largely reticulate-rugose, posteriorly almost smooth (fig. 527); metapleural flange large, rather thick lamelliform apically (fig. 527); metapleuron largely rugose-reticulate, antero-dorsally smooth; notauli finely and narrowly crenulate (fig. 535); mesoscutal lobes almost smooth; surface of propodeum coarsely areolated, the area between the carinae irregularly and rather weakly rugose, medial carina anteriorly shortly present; posterior part of propodeum well separated (figs. 527, 537). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR= 5: 11 : 39; SR straight (fig. 529); cu-a mainly straight, apically curved basad, postfurcal (fig. 529); 1-CU1 : 2-CUl=1:9; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m=13: 11: 7; 2A absent, except for a faintly pigmented trace; area basally of 2A medially bare, posteriorly somewhat setose (fig. 533). Hind wing: posterior half of r present (fig. 529); 2-SC +R transverse; SC+R1 weakly curved (fig. 539); basal third of SR straight basally and unsclerotized. Legs. — Hind coxa densely and rather finely reticulate-rugose (fig. 527); tarsal claws with small subapical tooth, slender, sharp, and much shorter than apical tooth (figs. 534, 536), setose basally; length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 6.0, 11.3, and 5.7 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.5 and 0.4 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.2 times its apical width, its surface coarsely reticulate-rugose, scarcely narrowed apicad (fig. 537); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite present in basal third; basal half of 2nd tergite somewhat pimply; length of ovipositor sheath 0.10 times fore wing. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 333 Colour. — Brownish-yellow; palpi, tegulae, pterostigma, metasoma baso- ventrally, and hind tarsus, light yellowish. Holotype in NR, Stockholm: “Sm. [=Smaland]”, “Bhn [=Boheman]”, “Phylacter Bohemani Bgtn” (handwritten in pencil), “407.77”, “Riksmuseum, Stockholm”. Additional specimens examined: (119 and 14 g) from Finland (Perikkala; Länsi-Teisko; Lemland, Flaka; id., Apelholm), Sweden (Ljungby), West Germany (Drensfeld; Niederaudorf, Obbay., 1000 m), Kurile Islands (Uruppu), Nepal (27°58’N, 85°00’E, 11100 ft), and India (Kumaon Hills, Dhakuri, 2612 m; H.P. Dhenkund (or Dainkund), 2743 m; Ahla, H.P., 2286 m; H.P., Kalatop, 2438 m) (CNC, WHC, ZMH, EI, HC, TC, DZD, RMNH). Variation: length of fore wing 6.3—7.8 mm; antennal segments 43—44; length of both penultimate segments 1.2—2.3 times their width, but in 9 more stout (fig. 531), 1.2—1.6 times their width; length of malar space 1.0—1.3 times basal width of mandible; length of Ist tergite 3.0—3.9 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.10—0.11 times fore wing: vein r of hind wing sometimes complete or only posteriorly weakly developed (fig. 357); sometimes only anterior half of precoxal suture and mesopleuron distinctly rugose; antenna frequently dark brown, except for both basal segments; sometimes hind coxa, Ist tergite, hind femur, and mesosoma mainly, rather dark brown. Homolobus (Oulophus) bicolor spec. nov. (figs. 540— 552, 706) Holotype, 9, length of body 6.0, of fore wing 7.0 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 40, 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment, without ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.4 and 3.4 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.8 and 2.1 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 3.3 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.4 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.4 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 550); POL : @ ocellus : OOL= 7: 11 : 8; frons slightly concave, mainly smooth; vertex rather flat, coriaceous; face punctulate and indistinctly aciculate, rather flat; clypeus convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus thin, straight medially, differentiated (fig. 549); length of malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum smooth, but medio-anteriorly crenulate, posteriorly weakly rugose, and ventrally somewhat punctulate (fig. 541); epicnemial area smooth; precoxal suture, as rest of mesopleuron, smooth, except for some punctulation; metapleural flange rather large, wide, rounded apically (fig. 541); metapleuron smooth, except for some short carinae ventrally; notauli anteriorly mainly smooth, only apical third crenulate (fig. 548); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; surface of propodeum smooth, except for some rugosity laterally, medial carina and areola absent; posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 541). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1=8 : 21: 88; SR! straight; cu-a inclivous, postfurcal; 1-CU1 : 2-CUl=1 : 7; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m=23 : 21 : 12; 2A well 334 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 developed and sclerotized (fig. 543); area basally of 2A bare (fig. 542). Hind wing: r present, comparatively short and rather straight (fig. 540); 2-SC+R transverse; SC+RI rather curved (fig. 543); basal third of SR weakly curved and unsclerotized (fig. 540). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; tarsal claws with a rather small subapical tooth, setose basally (figs. 545, 552); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.8, 10.7, and 7.8 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 1.8 times its apical width, its surface basally smooth, posterior half rugulose (fig. 551); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.13 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; palpi, fore and middle legs (except tarsi), ovipositor sheath, tegulae, dorso-posterior corner of pronotum, whitish-yellow; stemmaticum, and veins, dark brown; parastigma and pterostigma bicolorous: base and posterior margin of parastigma and apical 0.6 of pterostigma dark brown, rest of para- and pterostigma yellowish; wing membrane slightly brownish, especially near veins. Holotype in CNC, Ottawa: “Mex., Chis., 7200 ft, S.Crist. las Casas, 17 June 1969, Malaise trap”. Paratypes: (9 9), topotypic (CNC, RMNH). Variation: length of fore wing 6.3—7.5 mm; antennal segments 39—43; length of ovipositor sheath 0.14—0.16 times fore wing. Homolobus (Oulophus) flagitator (Curtis) comb. nov. (figs. 553—563) Haliday, 1835 (1836), Ent. Mag. 3: 142 (as chlorophthalmus (nec Spinola, 1808, and Nees, 1834)). Curtis, 1837, Guide Br. Insects: 119 (Zele flagitator nom. nov. for chlorophthalmus Haliday). Lyle, 1914, Entomologist 47: 289, 290 (Zele geminator nom. nov. for chlorophthalmus Haliday). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 224. Redescribed after a 9 from Ireland, length of body 7.3, of fore wing 8.3 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 45, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, without ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.8 and 3.2 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.8 and 2.0 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 4.0 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.7 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 1.9 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 556); POL : @ ocellus : OOL= 3: 6: 5; frons almost flat and smooth; vertex rather flat, almost smooth (fig. 556); face rather flat, densely and finely coriaceous, with a medial tubercle (fig. 554), shiny; clypeus strongly convex, remotely punctate; apical margin of clypeus weakly convex, differentiated (fig. 554); length of malar space 0.7 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum smooth, except for some crenulae medially and some micro-striation posteriorly (fig. 553); epicnemial area almost smooth; precoxal suture smooth, except for some rugae anteriorly (fig. 553); rest of mesopleuron smooth; metapleural flange large, lamelliform, wide and rounded apically; metapleuron smooth, but ventrally VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 335 rugose; notauli rather finely crenulate (fig. 562); mesoscutal lobes smooth; surface of propodeum smooth anteriorly, medially and posteriorly superficially rugose, with a rather long medial carina anteriorly, areola weakly developed and costulae present (fig. 553); posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part. Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI=7 : 12 : 55; SRI straight; cu-a strongly inclivous, postfurcal, parallel to 3-CUI (fig. 555); 1-CUI : 2-CUl=1: 10; 2-SR : 3- SR; r-m= 14 : 12: 7; 2A absent except for a minute basal remnant (fig. 555); area basally of 2A sparsely setose. Hind wing: r present, comparatively long and reclivous (fig. 555); 2-SC+R transverse; SC + RI evenly curved; basal third of SR slightly curved and unsclerotized (fig. 555), scarcely posteriorly curved distad of r. Legs. — Hind coxa weakly punctate-rugose dorsally; tarsal claws with a comparatively slender subapical tooth, medio-ventrally weakly concave (figs. 558, 560), setose basally; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 7.4, 12.8, and 10.0 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.5 and 0.4 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.8 times its apical width, its surface shallowly rugulose submedially (fig. 563); dorsal carinae present in front of spiracles; length of ovipositor sheath 0.09 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum and apical half of antenna, dark brown; palpi, fore and middle legs, hind tarsus slightly more whitish-yellow. Holotype probably lost, not present in the Haliday Collection, Dublin, nor in the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, nor in the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne. Redescribed after 9 from Stelfox Collection, USNM: “45”, “Amongst logs!, Drinahilly, Co. Do., A.W.S., 2.11.65”, “geminator 9 A.W.S.”, “A.W. Stelfox Collection 1966”. Because the description of Haliday is sufficient and confusion with another Palaearctic species is unlikely, the designation of a neotype is not necessary. Additional specimens examined: 74 9 and 51 ¢. From the Palaearctic region (including the Himalayan area): Sweden (Vmld, Ekshäred), England (Aviemore), Ireland (Hallyfort, Co. Wx.; Alerlow, Co. St.; Drinnahilly, Co. Do.; Tollymore Park, Co. Do.), West Germany (Ober-Harz, Torfhaus, ca. 800 m; Ober-Bayern, Ellmau, ca. 1050 m; Reither Alm, 850 m; Schladwohg, 1250 m), Nepal (Pulchauki, Ktmd, 8000 ft; 28°00/N, 85°00’E, 10500 ft; 27°58’N, 85°00’E, 11100 ft; 27°56’N, 85°00’E, 9900 ft), and India (H.P., Narkanda, 2700 m; Kumaon Hills, Phurkia, 3504 m; Simla Hill, H.P., Narkanda) (ZSB, USNM, HC, CNC, AC, DZD). From the Nearctic region: Alaska (Spenard; Tsaina R.; Casio Core, Attu, Aleut.), British Columbia (Hixon; Miskatla Inlet; Falkland; Port Renfreu; Galiano Isl.; Coleman Cr.; Klemtu; Cowichan L.; Lagoon Rd.; Sooka; Beechy Head; Cumshavalnld; Alliford Bay; Terrace, airport area; Wellington; Tofino; S. Pender Isl.; Johnson L.; Mt. Arrowsmith; Ootsa; Ocean Falls; Port San Juan; Green Inlet; Metchosin; Gualicum; Murtle R.; S. Gote Y.N.P.; Zeballos R.), Alberta (Smith; Pocohontas; Brule; Hinton), Ontario (Pass Lake; Beardmore; Nakina), Quebec (Sac à l’Ours; Ct. Pope; St. Vianney; Indian House L.; Sapin), New Foundland (South Branch), Colorado (Phantom Vy., RMNP, 9400 ft), New 336 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Hampshire (Pinkham Notch), North Carolina (Devil’s Court House, Blue Ridge Parkway; Clingmans Dome, 6600 ft; Mt. Pisgah, 5000—5749 ft; Pisgah Nat. Forest, Haywood Co., Chestnut Bald, 5900 ft; Highlands, Whiteside Mt., 4900 ft, and California (Marin Co., Mill Valley; Arcata, Humboldt Co., black light trap; Lily Pond Alpine Lk., Marin Co., 1500 ft) (CAS, UCA, BM, CNC, TC, RMNH). Variation: length of fore wing 5.4—9.0 mm; antennal segments 45—49; length of 4th segment of labial palp 4.0—4.5 times 3rd segment; length of malar space 0.7—0.8 times basal width of mandible; length of Ist tergite 2.5—2.9 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.08—0.10 times fore wing; 3rd segment of antenna of 9 sometimes with a weakly developed ridge at the inner side; sometimes middle of mesoscutal lobes infuscated. Cocoon rather thin and whitish. | Known hosts of examined specimens all belong to the Geometridae: Eupithecia longipalpata Packard, E. placidata Packard, E. unicolor Hulst, E. annulata Hulst, E. olivaceae Taylor, E. harrisonata MacK., Nyctobia limitata (Walker), N. nigroangulata Strecker, Oporinia pulchraria (Minot), Melanolophia spec., Campaea perlata (Guenée) on Betula papyrifera, id. on Salix sp., Caripeta divisata Walker, Entephria caesiata Lang, and Alcis repandata (L.) on Vaccinium myrtillis L. Homolobus (Oulophus) acares spec. nov. (figs. 564— 574, 661—663) Holotype, 9, length of body 9.2, of fore wing 10.2 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 45, 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment, without ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.3 and 3.4 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.3 and 2.4 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 4.0 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.7 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.6 times temple; rather directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 568); POL : & ocellus : OOL= 5: 12 : 9; frons smooth, slightly concave medially; vertex flat, smooth; face rather flat, smooth laterally, indistinctly rugulose-punctate medially (fig. 572); clypeus strongly convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus straight medially, thin, differentiated; length of malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum crenulate medio-anteriorly, rugose posteriorly, ventrally somewhat punctulate, and dorsally smooth (fig. 564); epicnemial area smooth; precoxal suture smooth, rest of mesopleuron punctulate; metapleural flange large, rather thick, wide and rounded apically; metapleuron smooth, except for some ventral carinae; notauli largely smooth, posteriorly somewhat crenulate (fig. 663); mesoscutal lobes indistinctly punctulate; surface of propodeum mainly smooth, except for some rugae (fig. 661), with a short medial carina anteriorly, without costulae and areola; posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 564). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SR1=17: 29: 110; SRI weakly curved (fig. 567); cu-a more inclivous than 3-CUI (fig. 567), somewhat curved basad apically, postfurcal; 1-CU1 : 2-CU1=1 : 9; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m=28 : 29 : 14; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 567); area basally of 2A mainly bare (fig. 566). Hind wing: r VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 337 present, comparatively long and strongly reclivous (fig. 569); 2-SC + R transverse; SC+R1 rather curved; basal third of SR rather straight, distad of r rather abruptly curved posteriad (fig. 567). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate, dorso-apically with some weak striae (fig. 662); tarsal claws with apically sharp, tooth-shaped lamella (fig. 570), somewhat yellowish pectinate basally, but inner hind claw bare and slightly concave basally (fig. 571); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.0, 9.6, and 7.8 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.7 times its apical width, its surface smooth anteriorly, posterior half rugulose (fig. 661); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.10 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum blackish; hind tarsus whitish-yellow; wing membrane somewhat infuscated; wing veins partly dark brown. Holotype in RMNH, Leiden: “Museum Leiden, N. Panama, Boquete, Alto Lino, 1300 m, 8°48’N-82°26’W, 21.1.1977, H. Wolda, at light”. Paratypes: (20 9 and 10 ¢), 2 & (CNC, RMNH), “Mex., Dgo., 9000’ (ft), El Salto, 10 mi. W., 2—6 June 1964, W. R. M. Mason”; 1 ©, id., 16 July 1964 (CNC); 1 9 (CNC), 1 July 1964; 1 © and 1 g (allotype), id., 16 July 1964 (CNC, RMNH); | &, id. 9 July 1964 (RMNH); 1 9 (CNC), “Mex., Dgo., 24 mi. W. La Ciudad, 7000’ (ft), 25 July 1964, W. R. M. Mason”; 1 & (CNC), id., 8 Aug. 1964, W. R. M. Mason; 1 9 (RMNH), id., 12 Aug. 1964; 19 id., 2 July 1964 (CNC); 1 9, “Mex., Dgo., 30 mi. W. La Cuidad, 6500’ (ft), 25 July 1964, W. R. M. Mason” (CNC); 1 9, “Mex., Dgo., 3 mi. E. El Salto, 8500’ (ft), 10 July 1964, W. R. M. Mason” (RMNH); 1 9, id., 4 July 1964 (CNC); 1 9, “Ramsey Cyn., 6000’ (ft), 15 mi. S. Sierra Vista, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., Sternitzky, 29.IX.67° (CNC); 3 &, id., 29.X.1967 (CNC); 3 9, id., 29.X.1967 (CNC); 1 9, id., 28.XI.1967 (CNC); 1 &, id., 9.IX.1967 (RMNH); 1 9, id. 30.IX.1967 (CNC); 1 9, id., VII.1968 (CNC); 1 9, “Omilteme, Guerrero, 8000 ft, Aug., H.H. Smith”, “Godman-Salvin Coll. 1904-1” (BM); 1 ©, “Jalapa, Ver., Mex., VIII/1-6/61, R. & K. Dreisbach” (MSU); 1 ©, id., IX/28-X/3/61 (MSU); 1 ©, “Rustler Park, 8500 (ft), Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., VII-20-72, at light, J. Powell” (UCA); 1 9, id., VIII-20-72 (UCA). Variation: length of fore wing 7.5—10.2 mm; antennal segments 45—48; length of ovipositor sheath 0.08—0.12 times fore wing; inner side of 3rd segment of antenna sometimes with weakly developed ridge; vein SR of hind wing sometimes as in flagitator, scarcely curved distad of r. I exclude from the type-series | ¢ from Bolivia (Coroico, 1800 m (CNC)), with white hind tarsus and the tarsal lamella less developed than in holotype. Homolobus (Oulophus) occidentalis spec. nov. (figs. 575— 586) Holotype, 9, length of body 5.8, of fore wing 7.1 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 20, but apical segments missing, 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment, without ridge, length of 3rd and 4th antennal segments 4.4 and 3.4 times their width, respectively; length of 4th segment of labial palp 3.8 times 338 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.4 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.0 times temple; directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 578); POL : @ ocellus : OOL= 6 : 9: 12; frons almost flat and smooth, but laterally somewhat rugose; vertex rather flat, coriaceous; face rather flat, coriaceous, but medio-ventral triangle smooth (fig. 585); clypeus convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus almost straight medially, thin, differentiated; length of malar space 0.8 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum smooth, but medio-anteriorly shortly crenulate and posteriorly rugose (fig. 577); epicnemial area smooth; precoxal suture absent; mesopleuron slightly punctulate; metapleural flange rather small and rounded apically (fig. 577); metapleuron slightly punctulate; notauli narrowly and indistinctly crenulate (fig. 584); mesoscutal lobes weakly punctulate; surface of propodeum smooth, except for some short rugae medio-posteriorly, without medial carina and areola, and its posterior part not separated from antero-dorsal part. Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SR1= 10: 14: 80; SRI straight; cu-a postfurcal, inclivous; 1-CUI : 2-CU1= 3: 17; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m= 19: 14: 10; 2A sclerotized basally (fig. 580); area basally of 2A bare (fig. 576). Hind wing: r present (fig. 580); 2-SC +R transverse; SC +RI curved and rather short (fig. 575); basal third of SR weakly curved, unsclerotized (fig. 580). Legs. — Hind coxa indistinctly punctulate; tarsal claws with a small subapical tooth (figs. 579, 582), at most somewhat yellowish pectinate basally; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.8, 11.4, and 9.4 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.5 and 0.4 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 1.8 times its apical width, its surface smooth, but laterally behind spiracles and posteriorly somewhat rugulose (fig. 586); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite shortly developed in front of spiracles; length of ovipositor sheath 0.43 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum, vertex and frons medially, C+SC+R (except basally), antenna (as far as present, and without annellus), pronotum anteriorly, mesonotum and ovipositor sheath, more or less blackish; face and most wing veins, infuscated; pterostigma medially dark brown; base and apex of pterostigma yellowish; wing membrane hyaline, but near the veins 1-M and 1-CUI infuscate (fig. 580). Holotype in TC, Ann Arbor: ‘“Unduavi/Corioco, Yungas La Paz, Bol., 1.2.76, 3000 m, Luis Pefia”. Homolobus (Oulophus) nipponensis spec. nov. (figs. 587—600) Watanabe, 1969, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 71(3): 319, 320, figs. 1, 2 (Zele daurica p.p.). Holotype, 9, length of body 7.1, of fore wing 7.5 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 42, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, without antennal ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.8 and 3.3 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.7 and 2.1 times their width; VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 339 length of 4th segment of labial palp ca. 5 times 3rd segment; maxillary palp incomplete; dorsal length of eye 1.9 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 594); POL : @ ocellus : OOL= 7: 9: 12; frons flat, almost smooth; vertex almost flat and smooth; face rather flat, smooth medio-ventrally, dorsally rugose-punctate and coriaceous laterally (fig. 595); clypeus weakly convex, shallowly punctate; apical margin of clypeus weakly convex, rather thick, and not differentiated (fig. 595); length of malar space 0.7 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum aciculate ventrally, crenulate medially and posteriorly, dorsally and submedially smooth (fig. 588); epicnemial area more or less reticulate-rugose; precoxal suture mainly absent, only anteriorly somewhat depressed and with some rugae; rest of mesopleuron remotely punctulate; metapleural flange large, wide and rounded apically (fig. 588); metapleuron reticulate-rugose ventrally, almost smooth dorsally; notauli narrowly crenulate (fig. 599); mesoscutal lobes densely punctulate; surface of propodeum with areola and costulae, its surroundings almost smooth, somewhat rugulose, medial carina absent, except for a short part anteriorly; posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 588). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SR1= 6: 12: 42; SRI slightly curved (fig. 590); cu-a somewhat inclivous, postfurcal; 1-CU1 : 2-CU1= 1: 15; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m= 11 : 12 : 6; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 590); area basally of 2A laterally sparsely setose, medially bare (fig. 591). Hind wing: r present, rather long (fig. 590); 2-SC +R transverse; SC + RI curved, rather short (fig. 592); basal third of SR slightly curved and unsclerotized. Legs. — Hind coxa remotely punctulate; tarsal claws with a small subapical tooth (figs. 597, 598), setose basally; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.6, 10.6, and 8.4 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.4 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.1 times its apical width, its surface rather superficially rugulose (fig. 600); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite present in basal quarter of tergite; length of ovipositor sheath 0.51 times fore wing, somewhat longer than metasoma (fig. 588). Colour. — Blackish-brown; patch at vertex near eyes, apico-lateral corner of mesoscutum, and hind leg largely, reddish-brown; apical 0.7 of hind tibia dark brown (fig. 596); palpi, fore and middle legs, tegulae, dorso-apical corner of pronotum, margin of hypopygium, yellowish; pterostigma dark brown; apex of antenna brownish; wing membrane hyaline. Holotype in EI, Sapporo: “Tsu Mie, Honshu, 9.XII.1962, M. Matsuura”, “Zele daurica (Shestakov) 9, Det. C. Watanabe, 1969”. Paratypes: (1 9 and 2g), 1g (EI, allotype), ‘“Hirakura, Mie Honshu, 18.X1.1963, M. Matsuura”, “Zele daurica (Shestakov) &, Det. C. Watanabe, 1969”, antennal segments 41, length of fore wing 7.1 mm, length of malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible, and length of Ist tergite 2.0 times its apical width; 1 © (RMNH), “Sapporo, Hokkaido, 27.VIII.1965, M. Miyaz”, “Zele daurica (Shestakov) 9, Det. C. Watanabe, 1969”, length of fore wing 7.8 mm, length of ovipositor sheath 0.52 times fore wing, length 340 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head, length of malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible, and length of 2-SR 1.7 times r of fore wing; 1 ¢ (EI), topotypic with allotype, 11.XI.1963. The males of nipponensis may be easily confused with males of dauricus, but are recognizable by the rugose epicnemial area uu more strongly developed propodeal carina of nipponensis. Homolobus (Oulophus) nepalensis spec. nov. (figs. 601—615) Holotype, 9, length of body 6.4, of fore wing 7.0mm. Head. — Antennal segments 42, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, without antennal ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.0 and 3.4 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.8 and 2.2 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 1.2 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.1 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 608); POL : & ocellus : POL= 3: 5: 5; frons almost smooth and shallowly concave; vertex rather flat, smooth; face flat, punctulate, but near antennal sockets punctate-rugose; clypeus convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus rather thin, not differentiated, and weakly convex medially (fig. 601); length of malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum medially and posteriorly crenulate, rest mainly punctulate (fig. 602); epicnemial area punctulate; precoxal suture almost absent, punctulate as rest of mesopleuron; metapleural flange rather large, lamelliform, and rounded apically (fig. 602); metapleuron shallowly punctate, and with some carinae ventrally; notauli narrowly crenulate, but anteriorly almost smooth (fig. 612); mesoscutal lobes almost smooth, somewhat punctulate; surface of propodeum smooth, except for the costulae and a rather irregular medial carina, posteriorly with an irregularly defined, elliptical areola, and posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 601). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1= 13: 13: 88; SRI almost straight (fig. 603); cu-a almost straight, narrowly postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CU1= 1: 15; 2-SR: 3-SR : r- m= 18: 13: 8; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 603); area basally of 2A mainly bare (fig. 606). Hind wing: r present; 2-SC +R transverse; SC+ RI rather curved (fig. 607); basal third of SR almost straight, unsclerotized (fig. 603). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate, with some striae dorso-apically; tarsal claws with a medium-sized lamelliform subapical tooth (figs. 613, 614), setose basally; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.6, 10.3, and 8.0 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 1.8 times its apical width, its surface indistinctly and remotely rugulose (fig. 615); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent, except for a pair of short stubs basally; length of ovipositor sheath 0.26 times fore wing, much shorter than metasoma (fig. 602). Colour. — Blackish-brown; head, surroundings of eye, temple, antenna (but basal half infuscated), hind trochanters, hind femur, basal third of hind tibia, its VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 341 spurs, and hind tarsus, more or less reddish-brown; fore and middle tibiae and tarsi, Ist and 2nd epipleura, brownish-yellow; palpi, fore and middle coxa and femora, dorso-posterior corner of pronotum, tegulae, and base of hind wing, yellowish-white; pterostigma and wing veins, dark brown; hind coxa dark reddish- brown; wing membrane hyaline. Holotype in CNC, Ottawa: “27°58’N, 85°00’E, Nepal, 11100 ft, 31 May 1967, Can. Nepal Exped.”, “Homolobus, Det. W.R.M. Mason”. Paratype: | 9, topotypic, 7 June 1967 (RMNH), length of fore wing 7.5 mm, length of ovipositor sheath 0.25 times fore wing; length of 3-SR 1.3 times r of fore wing; antennal segments 41, and length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Homolobus (Oulophus) crenulatus spec. nov. (figs. 616—632) Holotype, 9, length of body 9.9, of fore wing 9.6 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 47, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, with a rather distinctly developed ridge at the inner side (fig. 628); length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.2 and 3.8 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.3 and 2.6 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 4.6 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.6 times temple; temple directl6 narrowed posteriad (fig. 625); POL : 5 ocellus : OOL= 8 : 11 : 8; frons almost flat and smooth; vertex rather flat, coriaceous, dull; face rather flat, punctulate-coriaceous, rather dull (fig. 620); clypeus rather convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus thin, straight medially and not separated (fig. 620); length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum smooth, but medially and posteriorly remotely crenulate (fig. 606); epicnemial area crenulate anteriorly, rugose posteriorly; precoxal suture deeply impressed, anteriorly widely and coarsely crenulate, medially coarsely crenulate-rugose, and posterior third mainly smooth (fig. 606); metapleural flange large, rather slender, lamelliform, narrowly rounded apically (fig. 606); metapleuron punctulate, ventrally with some coarse carinae; notauli anteriorly narrowly and posteriorly widely crenulate (fig. 632); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; surface of propodeum coarsely areolate (fig. 626), enclosed areas mainly smooth, with a medial carina anteriorly and well-developed costulae submedially; posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 616). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR: SR1= 22: 27: 115; SRI almost straight (fig. 618); cu-a almost straight, interstitial; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 29: 27: 16; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 618); area basally of 2A bare (fig. 619). Hind wing: r absent; 2-SC +R transverse; SC +R1 rather straight and long (fig. 631); basal third of SR straight and sclerotized (fig. 618). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate, but postero-dorsally punctate; tarsal claws with a ventral lamella (figs. 624, 629), setose basally; length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 7.0, 9.9, and 8.1 times their width, respectively; length of 342 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 spurs of hind tibia 0.8 and 0.6 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.1 times its apical width, its surface indistinctly rugulose (fig. 625); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.09 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum black; hind tarsus somewhat whitish-yellow; wing membrane hyaline. Holotype in BM, London: “B.N. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Lumu Lumu, 5500 ft, 8:4:1929/ H.M. Pendlebury, coll. F.M.S. Museums”, “Ex F.M.S. Museum, B.M. 1955-354”. Homolobus (Oulophus) annulatus spec. nov. (figs. 633—645, 708) Holotype, 9, length of body 8.2, of fore wing 7.7 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 44, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, without ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.7 and 3.3 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.3 and 2.9 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 4.0 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.4 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.5 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 639); POL : & ocellus : OOL= 9: 10: 10; frons almost smooth, except for some rugae (fig. 639), flat; vertex rather flat and coriaceous; face rather flat, punctate, coriaceous laterally, rugulose medio-dorsally and latero-ventrally (fig. 645); clypeus weakly convex, remotely punctate; apical margin of clypeus thin and straight medially, not differentiated (fig. 645); length of malar space 0.3 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.2 times its height; side of pronotum crenulate medially, rugose ventrally, posteriorly and dorsally mainly smooth (fig. 633); epicnemial area reticulate-rugose; precoxal suture widely reticulate-rugose, except posteriorly (fig. 633); rest of mesopleuron punctulate; metapleural flange lamelliform, large, wide and rounded apically; metapleuron smooth, but posteriorly reticulate-rugose; notauli coarsely crenulate (fig. 642); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; dorsal surface of propodeum mainly smooth laterally, medially and posteriorly with strongly developed carinae, medial carina absent and costulae lamelliform; posterior part of propodeum with an areola, well separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 633). Wings. — Forewing: r: 3-SR : SR1= 8: 11 : 46; SRI almost straight (fig. 635); cu-a weakly inclivous, far antefurcal; 2-M +CUI : 1+2CU1= 3: 37; 2-SR : 3-SR: r-m= 10: 11:5; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 635); area basally of 2A bare (fig. 636). Hind wing: r absent; 2-SC+R short, vertical (fig. 635); SC +R1 rather straight (fig. 641); basal third of SR weakly curved and main part sclerotized (fig. 635, 641). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate, dorso-anteriorly punctate, and dorso-posteriorly rugose (fig. 633); tarsal claws with a medium-sized, sharp subapical tooth (figs. 638, 643); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.1, 9.7 and 7.8 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.7 and 0.5 times basitarsus. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 343 Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.2 times its apical width, its surface smooth anteriorly except for some rugae, and posterior half rugose (fig. 644); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite present in basal quarter of tergite; length of ovipositor sheath 0.09 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-black; 13th—19th segments of antenna, base of C+SC+R and hind tarsus (only telotarsus yellowish), white; scapus, pedicellus, and apex of antenna, fore and middle legs, Ist and 2nd tergites, hind coxa, hind femur, ovipositor sheath, tegulae, vertex laterally, palpi, and all trochanters, more or less brownish-yellow; bases of all tibiae and basal half of metasoma, yellowish-white; pterostigma and wing veins, mainly dark brown. Holotype in DZD, Delhi: “India: H.P., Ahla, 2286 m, 4.viii-16.1x.1971, M.trap, No. tr. I”. Paratype: 1 &, allotype (DZD), “India, Simla Hill, Sangla, 2743 m, 16.vi.1972, Girish, No. G14”. Length of fore wing 7.0 mm, antennal ring yellowish, basal 0.7 of Ist tergite blackish brown, length of body 7.3 mm, antennal segments 45, length of malar space 0.3 times basal width of mandible, length of Ist tergite 1.9 times its apical width, and sculpture and shape of claws as in holotype. Homolobus (Oulophus) armatus spec. nov. (figs. 646—660) Holotype, 9, length of body 8.9, of fore wing 10.3 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 48, 3rd segment 1.3 times 4th segment, without ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.0 and 3.0 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.0 and 1.7 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 2.8 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.6 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 1.8 times temple; temple rather directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 653); POL : @ ocellus : OOL= 5: 6: 5; frons smooth and rather flat; vertex rather flat, almost smooth; face mainly flat, medially weakly convex, indistinctly punctulate, near antennal sockets weakly rugulose (fig. 652); clypeus convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus thin, almost straight medially, not differentiated; length of malar space 0.7 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum largely coarsely rugose-striate, dorsally narrowly smooth (fig. 647); epicnemial area anteriorly almost smooth, posteriorly rugose; precoxal suture widely rugose- reticulate; rest of mesopleuron punctulate; metapleural flange large, rounded and rather slender apically (fig. 647); metapleuron punctulate, with some carinae ventrally; notauli narrowly crenulate anteriorly, more widely so posteriorly (fig. 660); mesoscutal lobes indistinctly punctulate; surface of propodeum smooth, except for some rugae and an irregular transverse carina, with a short medial carina, areola absent; posterior part of propodeum somewhat separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 647). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1= 8: 16: 57; SRI weakly curved (fig. 649); cu-a slightly inclivous, antefurcal; 2-M + CUI : 1+2-CUl= 1: 16; 2-SR : 3-SR : r- m= 11: 16 : 7; 2A distinctly developed and sclerotized (fig. 649); area basally of 344 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 2A sparsely setose (fig. 648). Hind wing: r absent; 2-SC+R transverse; SC+RI weakly curved (fig. 655); basal third of SR weakly pigmented, not sclerotized (fig. 649). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate, except for some striae dorso-apically; tarsal claws with a comparatively large subapical tooth (figs. 656, 657); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.4, 12.4, and 10.2 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.6 times its apical width, its surface smooth, but posterior half rugulose (fig. 658); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.77 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum yellowish; hind tarsus not or weakly ‘ contrasting with its tibia. Holotype in CNC, Ottawa: “Capulin Nat. Mon., 6 mi. SW. Folsom, N. Mex., 7300’ (ft), 13.IX.1968, D. F. Hardwick”. Paratypes: (25 9), 1 ©, “Carr Cyn., 56—6000 (ft), 15 mi. S. Sierra Vista, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., Sternitzky, 23.X.67” (CNC); 12 9, topotypic with holotype (CNC, RMNH); 5 9, “Ute Park, N. Mex., 3 mi. SW., 7300’ (ft), 14.IX.1968, D. F. Hardwick” (CNC, RMNH); 1 9, “Ramsey Cyn., 6000’ (ft), 15 mi. S. Sierra Vista, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., Sternitzky, 19.X.67” (CNC); 2 9, “Portal, Ariz., 5 mi. SW., 5400’ (ft), 3.X.1969, D. F. Hardwick” (CNC, RMNH); 1 9, “Mex., Chis., 9600 ft, Zontehuitz, nr. S. Crist., 25 June 1969, W. R. M. Mason” (CNC); 1 ©, “Onion Saddle, 7 mi. W. Portal, Ariz., 7600’ (ft), 4.X.1969, D. F. Hardwick” (CNC); 1 9, “Ozumbilla, Hidalgo, Mex., 10-30-57, R. & K. Dreisbach” (MSU); 1 9, “Arizona: Cochise Co., Southwestern Res. Sta., 5 mi. W. Portal, 30.IX.1966, 5400 ft, P. H. Arnaud, Jr.” (CAS). Furthermore I examined 3 ¢ from Ute Park, which probably belong to armatus, but are excluded from the type-series because they are not distinguishable with certainty from antefurcalis and mesoxiphius. Variation: length of fore wing 8.2—10.3 mm; length of body 7.6—8.9 mm; antennal segments 49— 50; length of 4th segment of labial palp 2.2—2.8 times 3rd segment; length of ovipositor sheath 0.68—0.79 times fore wing; length of Ist tergite 2.6—2.7 times its apical width; vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal, exceptionally interstitial. Homolobus (Oulophus) obscurus spec. nov. (figs. 667—679, 703) Holotype, 9, length of body 7.4, of fore wing 8.4 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 53, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, without ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.5 and 3.1 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.8 and 3.2 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 3.9 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.9 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 4.2 times temple; temple narrowed into a line posteriad (fig. 677); POL : @ ocellus : OOL= 7: 11 : 10; frons medially smooth, laterally rugulose, rather flat; vertex flat, coriaceous; face weakly convex, punctate, weakly transversely rugose dorsally (fig. 675); clypeus weakly convex, VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 345 punctate and somewhat coriaceous; apical margin of clypeus thin, almost straight medially, and not differentiated (fig. 675); length of malar space 0.7 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.2 times its height; side of pronotum dorsally punctulate, medially and posteriorly crenulate and ventrally mainly finely rugose (fig. 667); epicnemial more or less rugose; precoxal suture dorsally crenulate, and its anterior half widely rugose (fig. 667); rest of mesopleuron finely punctate; metapleural flange large, lamelliform, wide and rounded apically (fig. 667); metapleuron punctulate, ventrally rugose-reticulate; notauli rather coarsely crenulate (fig. 674); mesoscutal lobes remotely punctulate; surface of propodeum mainly finely and densely reticulate-rugose, only anteriorly and posteriorly partly smooth (fig. 667), with a rather long medial carina anteriorly, and areola absent, posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 667). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1= 8: 13 : 44; SRI curved (fig. 670); cu-a inclivous, interstitial; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m= 11: 13: 8; 2A basally rather long and slender, sclerotized (fig. 671); area basally of 2A evenly setose. Hind wing: r absent; 2-SC + R transverse; SC + RI evenly curved (fig. 669); basal third of SR almost straight, unsclerotized (fig. 670). Legs. — Hind coxa remotely and finely punctate, with some striae dorso- apically (fig. 703); tarsal claws with a well-developed, sharp subapical tooth (figs. 678, 679), setose; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.8, 10.5, and 8.8 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.8 and 0.6 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.4 times its apical width, its surface behind the spiracles mainly rugose (fig. 676); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.08 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; head (except for major part of mandibles), basal half of antenna (except annellus and apex of scapus) and most wing veins, dark brown; hind tarsus (but telotarsus yellowish) and ovipositor sheath, yellowish- white; palpi rather light yellowish; wing membrane slightly yellowish. Holotype in TC, Ann Arbor: “Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, June '53, Braz., Fritz Plaumann”. Paratypes: (1 © and 1 g) 1 & (allotype, TC), topotypic, IV.30.1948; 1 9 (RMNH), topotypic, June 1953. Variation: Length of fore wing 7.4—8.0 mm; antennal segments 53—54; length of Ist tergite 3.4—3.5 times its apical width; vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial or postfurcal, 1-CUI : 2-CUl= 5: 53; length of malar space 0.7 times basal width of mandible; metasoma somewhat infuscated in allotype. Homolobus (Oulophus) antefurcalis spec. nov. (figs. 664— 666, 680—690) Holotype, 9, length of body 9.6, of fore wing 10.3 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 54, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, without ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.9 and 3.2 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.0 and 2.3 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 2.3 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.6 times 346 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 height of head; dorsal length of eye 1.7 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriad (fig. 686); POL : g ocellus : OOL= 12: 12: 11; frons flat, smooth; vertex mainly flat, smooth; face rather flat, indistinctly rugulose-punctulate; clypeus convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus thin, almost straight medially, not differentiated (fig. 687); length of malar space 0.6 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum crenulate medio-anteriorly, ventrally crenulae connected with long rugae, posteriorly rugose, and dorsally smooth (fig. 680); epicnemial area mainly smooth, posteriorly indistinctly rugose; precoxal suture largely reticulate-rugose, posteriorly mainly smooth (fig. 680); metapleural flange lamelliform, large, rounded apically; metapleuron mainly smooth, ventrally with some carinae; notauli narrowly and indistinctly crenulate (fig. 666); mesoscutal lobes indistinctly punctulate; surface of propodeum largely smooth, with several vermiform, irregular and remote carinae, with a long irregular medial carina, without well- developed costulae and areola; posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 680). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1= 17: 29: 110; SRI weakly curved; cu-a inclivous, antefurcal; 2-M +CUI : 1+2-CU1= 1: 17; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m= 25: 29: 15; 2A well developed, rather long and sclerotized basally (fig. 682); area basally of 2A sparsely setose (fig. 681). Hind wing: r absent; 2-SC+R transverse; SC+RI curved (fig. 683); basal third of SR weakly curved and unsclerotized (fig. 682). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate, with some weak striae dorso-apically (fig. 664); tarsal claws with a well-developed, subapical, lamelliform tooth (figs. 685, 690), setose; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 7.4, 10.9, and 10.4 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 3.7 times its apical width, its surface smooth, except for some rugulosity laterally (fig. 665); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent, except for a short basal remnant; length of ovipositor sheath 0.15 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum blackish; most wing veins infuscated; hind tarsus whitish-yellow. Holotype in CNC, Ottawa: “Cimarron Canyon, 7900 ft, Sangre de Cristo Mts., Colfax Co., N.M., July 12, 1962, black light, E. & J. Munroe”. Paratypes: (3 ©), 1 9, “Ute park, N. Mex., 3 mi. SW. 7300’ (ft), 14.1X.1968, D. F. Hardwick” (RMNH); 1 ©, “Mex., Dgo., 8 mi. E. El Salto, 8500’ (ft), 23.VI.1964, W. R. M. Mason” (CNC); 1 9, id., 18 July 1964 (CNC). Variation: Length of fore wing 9.9—10.8 mm; antennal segments 54—56; length of vein 3-SR of fore wing 1.6—1.8 times vein r; length of Ist tergite 3.5—3.7 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.12—0.15 times fore wing; sometimes surroundings of stemmaticum infuscated. Homolobus (Oulophus) mesoxiphius spec. nov. (figs. 691—702, 704, 705) Holotype, 9, length of body 8.5, of fore wing 8.9 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 50, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, without ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.6 and 3.1 times their width, respectively, VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 347 length of both penultimate segments 1.9 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 2.6 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.4 times temple; temple rather roundly narrowed posteriad (fig. 697); POL : @ ocellus : OOL= 11: 11 : 11; frons smooth, slightly concave; vertex flat, smooth; face flat, punctulate, medially and dorsally weakly aciculate (fig. 695); clypeus convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus straight medially and well differentiated from clypeus (fig. 695); length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.2 times its height; side of pronotum dorsally smooth; medially coarsely crenulate, ventrally striate-rugose, and posteriorly rugose (fig. 694); epicnemial area almost smooth, somewhat rugose (fig. 694); precoxal suture reticulate-rugose, only posteriorly mainly smooth; rest of mesopleuron punctulate; metapleural flange large, sublamelliform, rather thick, rounded apically; metapleuron smooth, except for ventral and anterior carinae; notauli anteriorly mainly smooth, posterior third crenulate (fig. 704); mesoscutal lobes weakly punctulate; surface of propodeum rather coarsely and remotely reticulate-rugose medially and laterally, in between mainly smooth, medial carina and areola absent; posterior part of propodeum weakly separated from antero- dorsal part of propodeum (fig. 694). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SR1= 11: 32: 92; SRI almost straight (fig. 698); cu-a inclivous, antefurcal; 2-M +CUI : 1+2-CUl= 1: 14; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m= 26: 32 : 14; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 698); area basally of 2A remotely setose (fig. 693). Hind wing: r absent; 2-SC+R transverse; SC+RI curved (fig. 692); basal third of SR weakly curved, unsclerotized (fig. 698). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate, dorso-anteriorly weakly coriaceous and dorso- posteriorly with some short striae (fig. 705); tarsal claws with a well-developed, lamelliform subapical tooth (figs. 696, 699), indistinctly yellowish pectinate basally, except inner hind claw; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.7, 11.8 and 9.0 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.6 and 0.4 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.8 times its apical width, its surface mainly smooth, posterior third rugulose (fig. 702); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.34 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum blackish; hind tarsus (except telotarsus) and ovipositor sheath, whitish-yellow; wing membrane hyaline. Holotype in CNC, Ottawa: “Ramsey Cyn., 5000’ (ft), 15 mi. S. Sierra Vista, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., Sternitzky, vii.1968’’. Paratypes: 9 ©, topotypic, vii.1968 (6), viii.1968 (1), 18.ix.1967 (1), and 29.x.1967 (1) (CNC, RMNH). Variation: Length of fore wing 9.0— 10.0 mm; antennal segments 49—S2; length of ovipositor sheath 0.29—0.36 times fore wing; length of vein 3-SR of fore wing 2.2—3.7 times vein r; vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal, but sometimes not distinctly so. Homolobus (Oulophus) macropterus spec. nov. (figs. 714—728) Holotype, 9, length of body 8.9, of fore wing 11.5 mm. 348 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Head. — Antennal segments 43, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, with a rather weakly-developed ridge (fig. 720), length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.2 and 4.0 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.6 and 2.7 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 3.9 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.7 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.0. times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriad (fig. 722); POL : @ ocellus : OOL= 8: 9: 16; frons medially somewhat concave, with some striae behind antennal sockets (fig. 722); vertex rather flat and smooth; face mainly flat, medio-dorsally with a tubercle, punctulate, and dorsally somewhat rugulose (fig. 721); clypeus convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus almost straight medially, thin, and well differentiated from clypeus; length of malar space 0.8 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum crenulate medio-anteriorly, medially punctulate, and posteriorly crenulate-rugose (fig. 714); epicnemial area punctulate, posteriorly indistinctly rugulose; precoxal suture only anteriorly weakly rugulose, punctulate; rest of mesopleuron punctulate; metapleural flange long, lamelliform, very wide, rounded anteriorly (fig. 714); metapleuron reticulate-rugose ventrally, rest punctulate; notauli indistinctly crenulate anteriorly, more distinctly crenulate posteriorly (fig. 728); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; surface of propodeum smooth, except for some crenulae posteriorly and an interrupted lamelliform lateral carina (fig. 726), medial carina mainly and areola completely absent; posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 714). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SR1= 6: 14: 65; SRI straight; cu-a inclivous, postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CUl= 2: 23; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m= 17: 14: 7; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 719); area basally of 2A bare. Hind wing: r absent; 2-SC+R transverse; SC +RI rather straight and long (fig. 725); basal third of SR straight and unsclerotized (fig. 716). Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate, with some apico-dorsal striae (fig. 727); tarsal claws with a well-developed subapical sharp tooth (figs. 723, 724), yellowish pectinate basally; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 7.6, 12.4, and 10.4 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.5 and 0.4 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.9 times its apical width, its surface smooth (fig. 726); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite mainly absent; length of ovipositor sheath 0.07 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum blackish; hind tarsus yellowish- white; all tibiae, fore and middle tarsi and tegulae, rather light yellowish. Type in TC, Ann Arbor: “10 m W. Silvia, Cauca, Colombia, VII.5.(19)70, 10,000’ (ft), H. & A. Howden”. Homolobus (Oulophus) rectinervis spec. nov. (figs. 734—747) Holotype, 9, length of body 7.2, of fore wing 7.6 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 44, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, without VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 349 ridge, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.8 and 3.6 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.7 and 2.0 times their width; length of 4th segment of labial palp 2.8 times 3rd segment; length of maxillary palp 1.3 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.0 times temple; temple rather roundly narrowed posteriad (fig. 741); POL : & ocellus : OOL= 4: 4: 5; frons smooth, weakly concave medially; vertex smooth, rather flat; face flat, punctulate laterally, more punctate medially; clypeus convex, punctulate; apical margin of clypeus scarcely differentiated from clypeus, thin, and straight medially (fig. 744); length of malar space 0.8 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum medially crenulate and posteriorly rugose, rest mainly smooth (fig. 734); epicnemial area smooth, except for some punctulation; precoxal suture and rest of mesopleuron punctulate (fig. 734); metapleural flange lamelliform, large, rather rounded apically; notauli narrowly crenulate (fig. 746); mesoscutal lobes mainly smooth; surface of propodeum mainly smooth, medio-anteriorly with an irregular medial carina and medio-posteriorly rugose, without areola; posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 734). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR: SR1= 4: 8: 45; SRI weakly sinuate (fig. 737); cu- a almost straight, postfurcal; 1-CU1 : 2-CU1= 5: 33; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m= 12: 8: 7; 2A shortly sclerotized basally (fig. 738); area basally of 2A bare. Hind wing: r absent; 2-SC+R transverse; SC+R1 almost straight (fig. 739); basal third of SR almost straight and unsclerotized (fig. 737). Legs. — Hind coxa rugulose dorso-anteriorly (fig. 745); tarsal claws setose, with a small, slender subapical tooth (figs. 736, 740); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 7.3, 11.5, and 9.6 times their width, respectively; length of spurs of hind tibia 0.4 and 0.5 times basitarsus. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.4 times its apical width, its surface posteriorly remotely and weakly rugose, laterally and basally mainly smooth (fig. 747); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite distinctly developed in basal third of tergite; length of ovipositor sheath 0.14 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; stemmaticum slightly infuscated. Holotype in CNC, Ottawa: ‘‘Fundo Malcho, Cord. Parral, Chile, L. E. Pena, 11.1958”. Paratypes: (9 © and 8 g), 1 ©, “Graneros, 1100 m, Prov. O’Higgins, Chile, 4.1II.62, L. E. Pena” (RMNH); 1 g (NR), “Ria Aysen (=Aisén, South Chile)”, “P. Dusén”, “Riksmuseum Stockholm”; 1 & (TC), “Marga Marga River, III.14— 15.64, Chile, Luis E. Pefia”, allotype; 1 9, “Bosque de los Conservadores Graneros, 1100 m, O'Higgins, Chile, 1—4.111.62, Pefia” (CNC); | g, “Pichinahuel, Cord., Nahuelbuta, Arauco, Chile, 20—28.1.1959, L. Pena” (CNC); 2 g, “El Coigo, Curico, Chile, 1/7.11.1961” (CNC); I &, id., 1.1961 (CNC); 1 9, “Chile, Cubillo, C. Curico, Curico, 24/26.1.1961, L. E. Pefia” (CNC); 1 9, “Pichinahuel, Cord. Nahuelbuta, Arauco, Chile, 10/20.1.1959, L. Pefia” (RMNH); 1 ©, “Tregualemu, Maule-Nuble, Chile, 7.XII.1953, L. Pefia” (CNC); 1 g, Penalolén, Santiago, Chile, X.1953, L. E. Pena” (RMNH); 1 9, “Enco, Chile, Valdivia, 2.111.1955, L. E. Pefia” (RMNH); 1 9, “Las Nieves, 15.1X.47, Chile, L. E. Pena” (CNC); 1 9, “Laguna Amarga, Magallanes, XII.12.60, Chile, T. Cehalovick” 350 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 (TC); 1 9, “Santiago Prov., Maipa, Chile, XII.28.66, Lionel Stange” (TC); 1 &, “Pto. Aqua, L. Traful, Neuquen, Argentina, January 30, 1968, L. & J. Stange”, (TC). Variation: Length of body 6.8—7.8, of fore wing 7.1—8.4 mm; antennal segments 42—44; length of malar space 0.6—0.8 times basal width of mandible; length of fore wing 1.1—1.2 times body; length of ovipositor sheath 0.13—0.14 Key to the Palaearctic species of the genus Homolobus |. Claws simple, without any protuberance (fig. 160); hind tibial spurs of & rounded and pigmented apically, without a sharp, hyaline apex (fig. ne (subgenus Apatia); avn dede ent DERE ee LA — Claws with at least a minute subapical tooth (fig. 643) or with a lamella ce 629); hind tibial spurs of Z sharp and hyaline apically ............ 4 2. Length of outer aspect of 4th segment of labial palp 1.6—2.8 times its medium- sized 3Ird segment (fig 309) Fr. ne rl ey ae Ra RA 3 — Length of outer aspect of 4th segment of labial palp 4—5 times its tiny 3rd sevment (Fig TOA) jar ee ESTEN ER AR NRE truncator (Say) (p. 285) 3. Frontal aspect of head comparatively transverse (fig. 301), upper condyli of mandibles of 9 close to lower level of eyes; length of malar space 0.3—0.7 times basal width of mandible; claws distinctly yellowish pectinate basally (fig. DIA RES SE an ophioninus (Vachal) (p. 298) — Frontal aspect of head more trapezoid, longer (fig. 311), upper condyli of mandibles of 9 distinctly below lower level of eyes; length of malar space 0.6—1.1 times basal width of mandible; claws not or weakly pectinate basally (figs 31353804) Er Ar EE truncatoides spec. nov. (p. 300) A Vein-lA +2Asstraight (figs:396,419) I a Wa aoe Nee 6 — Vein 1A +2A curved (fig. 343) (subgenus Chartolobus) ............ 5 5. Antennal ridge at inner side of 4th—6th segments straight (fig. 348); vein 2A of fore wing slender compared with its surrounding veins (figs. 343, 353) CRATERE N Ss En infumator (Lyle) (p. 305) — Antennal ridge of 4th—6th segments undulate (fig. 366); vein 2A of fore wing widened basally, if compared with surrounding veins (fig. 369) .......... oh Garhi SU SG gh MA ETE AE III undulatus spec. nov. (p. 309) 6. Vein SR of hind wing strongly curved and sclerotized basally (fig. 507); area basally of vein 2A of fore wing remotely setose (fig. 496) (subgenus Phylacter) ah DELI TEE RE EEN Ee 7 — Vein SR of hind wing straight or weakly curved and unsclerotized basally (figs. 539, 649); if, exceptionally, extensively sclerotized, then area basally of vein 2A of forewing mainly barei(fig. 630) RR 9 7. Claws bifurcate, subapical tooth large and in 9 truncate apically (figs. 488, 491); length of ovipositor sheath 0.12—0.14 times fore wing ............ de dale DIE a REEN bifurcatus spec. nov. (p. 322) — Claws with a subapically sharp and tooth-shaped ventral lamella (figs. 498, VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 351 510); length of ovipositor sheath 0.17—0.25 times fore wing ......... 8 . Vein 2-SC +R of hind wing transverse, longer than wide (fig. 495) or quadrate; hind tarsus more yellowish basally than medially, its 2nd—4th segments whitish and contrasting with hind tibia ..... annulicornis (Nees) (p. 324) Vein 2-SC+R of hind wing vertical, wider than long (fig. 507); hind tarsus equally whitish yellow, only weakly contrasting with hind tibia ......... MI ee LY I ae AR meridionalis spec. nov. (p. 326) . Inner aspect of 3rd—6th antennal segments of 9 with a longitudinal ridge (fig. 468); inner hind claw of 9 with a concavity ventro-subbasally (fig. 476), not equal to its outer claw (fig. 475) (subgenus Homolobus) ............ 10 Inner aspect of 3rd—6th antennal segments of 9 without a ridge, or exceptionally with a faintly developed ridge; inner hind claw of 9 convex or straight ventro-subbasally (fig. 534), (sub)equal to its outer claw (fig. 536) (eubeesnustOnlophus)user ow Shem a kono in Ai Fee 12 . Tarsal claws with a submedial lamella (figs. 390, 392); lamellae of middle and hind claws of 4 with a 2nd lamella situated at the Ist lamella (figs. 393, 394) sn En ee BIR NS a simplex (Watanabe) (p. 313) Tarsal claws with a subapical tooth (fig. 443); claws of & without lamellae 11 . Ovipositor sheath short (fig. 459), 0.09—0.12 times fore wing; propodeum without an areola, mainly smooth, except for some rugae (fig. 459); mesopleunonsmooth van te ..… discolor (Wesmael) (p. 319) Ovipositor sheath rather long (fig. 467), 0.36—0.39 times fore wing; propodeum with a suboval areola, its surroundings usually rugose (fig. 467); mesopleurompunctulate STI we dauricus Shestakov (p. 320) . Malar space comparatively long (figs. 525, 532), its length 1.0—1.3 times basal width of mandible; hind coxa more or less coarsely sculptured (figs. 523, 527); both penultimate segments of antenna of 9 rather stout, their length 1.2—1.6 Limes their IK (IES Sete, 331) Aa. man en ae 13 Malar space comparatively short (figs. 549, 554), its length 0.3—0.8 times basal width of mandible; hind coxa at most punctulate (fig. 553); both penultimate segments of antenna of 9 more slender (fig. 640), their length 1.7—2.9 times rele WYLIE vasten Re AP Ne RR RE E 14 . Subapical tooth of tarsal claws comparatively stout, rather blunt and subequal to its apical tooth, resulting in sub-bifurcate claws (figs. 522, 524); body mainly black; medially propodeum coarsely reticulate; vein r of hind wing absent (fig. 516) or only present as a short remnant (fig. 519); pterostigma dark brown; hind basitarsus black or brownish basally and at least apical half of basitarsus KC VERUEX SINOOtH OF punetulate (fig. 520) EEE was oe oe ora rien dt ne ee carbonator (Shestakov) (p. 330) Subapical tooth of tarsal claws slender, sharp, much shorter than the apical tooth (figs. 531, 536); body yellowish and/or brownish; propodeum, except for the carinae, only indistinctly sculptured (fig. 537); vein r of hind wing present, but anterior half usually not distinctly developed (fig. 539), exceptionally mainly absent; whole of hind basitarsus and pterostigma yellowish; vertex EORTATCOUSMER O98) A UNE SU AN Ar bohemani (Bengtsson) (p. 332) 352 un TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 . Only basal quarter of vein SR of hind wing pigmented, not equal to vein Ir-m (fig. 555); precoxal suture mainly smooth (fig. 553); antenna equally coloured, without a white or yellowish ring; vein r of hind wing present (fig. 607) .. 15 Basal quarter of vein SR of hind wing equally sclerotized as vein Ir-m of hind wing (fig. 635) precoxal suture extensively sculptured (fig. 633); antenna with a white or yellowish ring medially; vein r of hind wing absent (fig. 635) TE RIO IE MAR ER ai ene nae ea annulatus spec. nov. (p. 342) . Ovipositor sheath rather long (fig. 577), 0.25—0.52 times fore wing; mesonotum mainly black; pterostigma dark brown medially ........ 16 Ovipositor sheath short (fig. 553), 0.08—0.12 times fore wing; mesonotum mainly yellowish-brown; pterostigma yellowish flagitator (Curtis) (p. 334) . Length of ovipositor sheath subequal to length of metasoma and 0.51—0.52 times fore wing (fig. 588); length of vein 3-SR of fore wing 1.7—2.0 times vein r; face blackish; length of malar space 0.6—0.7 times basal width of mandible en NRA Bi SR ROSIE EN ENG: nipponensis spec. nov. (p. 338) Length of ovipositor sheath 0.25—0.26 times fore wing and much shorter than metasoma (fig. 602); length of vein 3-SR of fore wing 1.0—1.3 times vein r; face reddish-brown; length of malar space 0.4—0.5 times basal width of Mandiblest:t ees Pe Samen Hr a nepalensis spec. nov. (p. 340) Key to the Nearctic species of the genus Homolobus . Tarsal claws with at least a minute subapical tooth (fig. 545), which is sometimes lamelliform (fig. 350); hind tibial spurs of & sharp and hyaline APICI nst ur 2.0 mer an cee niece EEE 2 Tarsal claws simple, without any protuberance (fig. 160); hind tibial spurs of ¢ rounded and pigmented apically (fig. 112) (subgenus Apatia) ........... RO ch ite cette: Lace RAN truncator (Say) (p. 285) Vein IA +2A of fore wing straight (fig. 542) (subgenus Oulophus) ...... 3 Vein IA +2A of fore wing curved (fig. 353) (subgenus Chartolobus) ....... LEA erin Ming ENE OS DE od 2 infumator (Lyle) (p. 305) Vein r of hind wing present (figs. 543, 555), at least posteriorly, as a brownish pigmented stripe; precoxal suture mainly smooth (figs. 541, 553) . ...... 4 Vein r of hind wing completely absent (fig. 649); precoxal suture extensively sculptured, at least dorsallly(fig.64 7) RENNES 6 Pterostigma and parastigma of 9 bicolorous, yellowish and dark brown; hind tarsus brownish-yellow; vein r of hind wing short and comparatively straight (fig.540); vertex comaceousi(hie550)) aaa bicolor spec. nov. (p. 333) Pterostigma and parastigma of © unicolorous, yellowish; hind tarsus whitish- yellow; vein r of hind wing comparatively long and strongly reclivous (fig. 355); vertex. smooth (ig. ISOLE a ee 5 Precoxal suture with some rugae antero-dorsally (fig. 553); subapical tooth of claws comparatively slender and claw weakly concave ventro-medially (figs. 558, 560); vein cu-a of fore wing parallel to vein 3-CUI (fig. 555); palpi, fore and middle legs, more or less whitish-yellow; costulae of propodeum at least VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 353 partivipresent (fig SS3)f FAN IN flagitator (Curtis) (p. 334) Precoxal suture smooth antero-dorsally (fig. 564); claws with an apical sharp, tooth-shaped ventral lamella and claws straight medio-ventrally (figs. 570, 571); vein cu-a of fore wing more inclivous than vein 3-CUI (fig. 567); palpi, fore and middle legs, brownish-yellow; costulae of propodeum absent (fig. DOSE RENNENS) vena te rase sali hd, à acares spec. nov. (p. 336) Ovipositor sheath medium-sized (fig. 694) or rather short (fig. 680), 0.12—0.36 times fore wing; subapical tooth of claws medium-sized (fig. 678) or rather large (fig. 699); hind tarsus more whitish-yellow, contrasting with its brownish IDE. ore CORE RO O SI MEA A Ti Ovipositor sheath long (fig. 646), 0.68—0.79 times fore wing; subapical tooth of claws large (fig. 657); hind tarsus and its tibia almost equally coloured, not omwcaklyicontrasting., io. nerina armatus spec. nov. (p. 343) Ovipositor sheath rather short (fig. 680), 0.12—0.15 times fore wing; length of vein 3-SR of fore wing less than twice length of vein r (fig. 682) .......... ME KURT oi antefurcalis spec. nov. (p. 345) Ovipositor sheath medium-sized (fig. 694), 0.29—0.36 times fore wing; length of vein 3-SR of fore wing more than twice vein r (fig. 698) ............. LER] ER ois RS Bla, mesoxiphius spec. nov. (p. 346) Key to the Neotropical species of the genus Homolobus Tarsal claws with at least a minute subapical tooth (fig. 740), which is sometimes lamelliform (fig. 350); hind tibial spurs of Z sharp apically, with a [VALINE QOS BE ee oe EEE: 2 Tarsal claws simple, without any protuberance (fig. 160); hind tibial spurs of & rounded and pigmented apically (fig. 112) (subgenus Apatia) ........... ATA Be au reede truncator (Say) (p. 285) Vein IA +2A of fore wing straight (fig. 738) (subgenus Oulophus) ...... 3 Vein 1A +2A of fore wing curved (fig. 353) (subgenus Chartolobus) ....... vee dei NEE infumator (Lyle) (p. 305) Vein r of hind wing present (fig. 567), at least posteriorly, as a brownish OMS MIS CES CHEN ei Mia D pee SA las igs ithe wees 3 Bees CRN staan ge ie NM 4 Neinmot hind wine. completelyabsent,(fig..670) 6 "cer Len 5 Ovipositor sheath short (fig. 564), 0.08—0.10 times fore wing; pterostigma unicolorous, yellowish; vertex smooth (fig. 568) .. acares spec. nov. (p. 336) Ovipositor sheath medium-sized (fig. 577), ca. 0.43 times fore wing; ptero- stigma bicolorous, medially dark brown, basally and apically yellowish; vertex POLOSTRAAT a fa occidentalis spec. nov. (p. 337) Vein SC+RI of hind wing curved (fig. 669); area basally of vein 2A of fore wing sparsely setose (fig. 671); precoxal suture extensively sculptured anteriorly (fig. 667); head and antenna dark brown ................. RE EE ae obscurus spec. nov. (p. 344) Vein SC+RI of hind wing straight (fig. 725); area basally of vein 2A of fore wing bare (fig. 719); precoxal suture usually mainly smooth (fig. 714) .... 6 354 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Length of fore wing of 9 ca. 1.3 times length of body (compare fig. 716 with fig. 714); inner aspect of 3rd—8th antennal segments with a rather weakly developed ridge (fig. 720); subapical tooth of claws larger, comparatively stout (fig. 723); length of ovipositor sheath ca. 0.07 times fore wing ........... Li sss RIE N. macropterus spec. nov. (p. 347) Length of fore wing of 9 1.0—1.1 times length of body (compare fig. 737 with fig. 734); inner aspect of 3rd—8th antennal segments without ridge; subapical tooth of claws comparatively small and slender (fig. 740); length of ovipositor sheath 0.13—0.14 times fore wing ........ rectinervis spec. nov. (p. 348) Key to the Afrotropical species of the genus Homolobus Hind claws of 9 with at least a minute sharp subapical tooth (figs. 426, 443) sometimes claws bifurcate (fig. 406); inner aspect of 3rd—6th antennal segments of 9 with a ridge (fig. 424); inner hind claw of 9 weakly concave ventro-subbasally (figs. 427, 439), not the same shape as outer hind claw (figs. 426, 443) (subgenus Homolobus) ...... atd aN nata er Re 2 Hind claws of 9 simple, without a sharp subapical tooth (fig. 252), at most with a blunt scarcely visible, subapical prominence (figs. 153, 237); inner aspect of 3rd—6th antennal segments of 9 without a ridge; inner hind claw of 9 convex or straight ventro-subbasally (fig. 314), of the same shape as outer claw (fig. 313) (subgenus:Apatia)c.. 208 LE ER eee ee 5 Claws bifurcate (fig. 406); 2nd tergite rugose (fig. 404); vertex punctate (fig. 409); vein SC + RI of hind wing short, Rl mainly absent, and hamuli separated fromRl (fig? 412) u A are rugosus spec. nov. (p. 314) Claws with a small subapical tooth (fig. 426); 2nd tergite smooth (fig. 428); vertex at most punctulate (fig. 429); vein SC+RI of hind wing longer, RI shortly developed, and hamuli situated:at Ris AOS 3 Second tergite whitish; subapical tooth of tarsal claws of 9 scarcely visible at 80x (fig. 443) or, if easily visible, then length of ovipositor sheath 0.14—0.17 times fore wing: an 0a Bk eaten RS Du a SA 4 Second tergite dark brown and partly reddish or yellowish-brown; subapical tooth of tarsal claws of © easily visible at 80x (figs. 452, 455); length of ovipositor sheath 0.07—0.08 times fore wing ethiopicus spec. nov. (p. 318) Length of ovipositor sheath 0.14—0.17 times fore wing, about as long as apical height of metasoma, slender as ovipositor (fig. 416); subapical tooth of tarsal claws of © small, but easily visible at 80x (figs. 426,427) M MN EE Ve le oe Nt Tn RUE NE cingulatus (Granger) (p. 315) Length of ovipositor sheath 0.06—0.09 times fore wing, distinctly shorter than apical height of metasoma, rather stout as ovipositor (fig. 431); subapical tooth of tarsal claws of 9 minute and scarcely visible at 80 x (figs. 439,443) ..... M ut a or inopinus spec. nov. (p. 316) First tergite of metasoma black, strongly contrasting with the (at least in part, laterally) whitish 2nd and 3rd tergites; vein SR1 of fore wing straight (fig. 147); VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 355 precoxal suture mainly smooth (fig. 144) ..... albipalpis (Granger) (p. 283) Three basal tergites of metasoma brownish-yellow, if more or less dark brown, then 2nd tergite yellowish, dark brown or blackish and less contrasting with Iste tergite; vein SRI of fore wing more or less curved (figs. 184, 196), if straight (figs. 206, 219), then precoxal suture extensively sculptured (figs. 204, ORE Sen haul delicata SER teh ra SRE EME Mit, 6 Length of outer aspect of 4th segment of labial palp 3.0—5.0 times the small 3rd segment (figs. 200, 222, 235), if intermediate, then vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal (fig. 206) and/or apical half of metasoma mainly dark brown or blaekish pad, Serie ACLI A AE EES NR dl Length of outer aspect of 4th segment of labial palp 1.6—2.8 times the medium-sized 3rd segment (figs. 246, 257, 265); vein cu-a of fore wing more or less postfurcal (figs. 266, 329); metasoma mainly yellowish apically .... 10 Tarsal claws of 9 with a tiny prominence subapically (figs. 212, 225); veins SRI of fore wing and SR of hind wing straight or nearly so (figs. 206, 234) . 8 Tarsal claws of @ without any prominence (figs. 202, 203); vein SRI of fore wing curved (fig. 196) vein SR of hind wing sinuate (fig. 196) ............ ENE esterni ada cla wiicaeorac rufithorax (Granger) (p. 289) Length of malar space 1.2— 1.6 times basal width of mandible (fig. 210); apical half of metasoma blackish or dark brown ... maculatus spec. nov. (p. 291) Length of malar space 0.7—1.0 times basal width of mandible (figs. 229, 238), if intermediate, then apical half of metasoma yellowish .............. 9 Vein r of fore wing longer than 3-SR (fig. 219); subapical prominence of claws of 9 very small, scarcely visible at 80x (figs. 225, 226); head, antenna and hind leg, mainly dark brown; palpi, tegulae, fore and middle coxae, yellowish WINGS) ARTE alternipes spec. nov. (p. 292) Vein r of fore wing shorter than 3-SR (fig. 234), exceptionally of equal length; subapical prominence of claws of 9 small, but at 80x easily visible (fig. 237); head, antenna, hind leg, palpi, tegulae, fore and middle coxae, brownish KEOMO AEN a RT HE AT priapus (Nixon) (p. 293) . Vein SR of hind wing strongly sinuate (figs. 243, 258); marginal cell of hind wing distinctly narrowed medially, in respect to its basal width (figs. 254); middle lobe of mesoscutum finely and densely punctate or punctulate (figs. 250, 262); scapus more or less dark brown; vein SC+RI of hind wing Comparatively shorti(figssi254; 239, m eeN, LENS, MATE PSE Ne, 11 Vein SR of hind wing weakly sinuate (fig. 266); marginal cell of hind wing not or weakly constricted medially, in respect to its basal width (fig. 290); middle lobe of mesoscutum smooth or weakly punctulate (fig. 300); scapus mainly yellowish; vein SC + RI of hind wing somewhat longer (figs. 267, 307) .. 12 . Marginal ceil of hind wing constricted just after middle of the cell (fig. 243); length of ovipositor sheath 0.24—0.26 times fore wing, the exserted ovipositor longer than 1.5 times length of Ist tergite (fig. 240); propodeum and Ist tergite irregularly sculptured (figs. 240,253) ...... lacteiceps spec. nov. (p. 294) Marginal cell of hind wing constricted in front of middle of the cell (fig. 258); length of ovipositor sheath ca. 0.14 times fore wing, the exserted ovipositor -356 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 slightly longer than Ist tergite (fig. 280); propodeum and Ist tergite evenly, finely and densely rugulose (figs. 142, 255) ... pulchricornis (Nixon) (p. 296) . Vein 2-SC+R of hind wing transverse, longer than wide (fig. 290); length of hind femur 5.6—7.2 times its maximum width, usually comparatively slender (fig. 291), if intermediate, then upper condyli of mandibles rather far below lower level of eyes or Ist tergite more slender, longer than 2.2 times its apical width (fig. 311); lateral aspect of hind tibial spurs of & more or less truncate apically (figs: 2965 297) STEN LR IP Er sade Ais are APA 13 Vein 2-SC +R of hind wing vertical or quadrate (fig. 267); length of hind femur 4.6-5.8 times its maximum width, comparatively stout (fig. 269); upper condyli of mandibles comparatively close to lower level of eyes (fig. 270); Ist tergite stout, its length 1.7—2.2 times its apical width (fig. 271); lateral aspect of hind tibial spurs of ¢ sharp apically (figs. 272, 273) huddlestoni spec. nov. (p. 297) . Frontal aspect of head comparatively long, trapezoidal (figs. 311, 330); upper condyli of mandibles of 9 distinctly below lower level of eyes (figs. 311, 330); length of malar space 0.8—1.1 times basal width of mandible, if exceptionally shorter, then claws setose basally (figs. 313, 314) ................ 14 Frontal aspect of head comparatively short, transverse (fig. 301); upper condyli of mandibles of 9 close to lower level of eyes (fig. 301); length of malar space 0.3—0.7 times basal width of mandible; claws yellowish pectinate basally (fie 294) ee m UIID ophioninus (Vachal) (p. 298) . Vein SC+RI of hind wing somewhat curved and shorter (figs. 306, 307); marginal cell of hind wing usually less widened apicad, its apical width 1.9—2.2 times its maximum basal width (fig. 306); length of fore wing 3.5—7.1 mm; claws only setose or indistinctly pectinate basally (figs. 313, 314); ovipositor sheath in undistorted position rather wide apically (fig. 303)... .. POEUN Oa EE MEN BE ACER ees EE truncatoides spec. nov. (p. 300) Vein SC+RI of hind wing almost straight and somewhat longer (figs. 329, 337); marginal cell of hind wing more widened apicad, its apical width 2.4—2.6 times its maximum basal width (fig. 329); length of fore wing 7.0—9.5 mm; claws distinctly pectinate basally (figs. 339, 340); ovipositor sheath slightly moreslenden(fig 335) been eee pallidistigmus (Cameron) (p. 303) Key to the Oriental and Australian species of the genus Homolobus (Himalayan area included) Claws simple, without any protuberance (fig. 295); hind tibial spurs of ¢ often rounded and pigmented apically (fig. 112) (subgenus Apatia) ......... 2 Claws with at least a minute subapical tooth (fig. 638) or with a lamella (fig. 624); hind tibial spurs of 3 always sharp and hyaline apically ......... 6 Vein r of hind wing absent (fig. 130); hind tibial spurs of & rounded and pigmented apically (ig 112) eee, eee ee 3 Vein r of hind wing present (fig. 122); hind tibial spurs of Z sharp and hyaline apically 20} Lo enen E elagabalus (Nixon) (p. 280) First tergite of metasoma black, strongly contrasting with the laterally whitish VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 397 2nd and 3rd tergite; anteriorly precoxal suture mainly smooth (fig. 128) .... EE PART CEOS ET RATEN australiensis (Nixon) (p. 282) Basal three tergites of metasoma equally brownish-yellow; anteriorly precoxal sutunrerextensively sculptured (figs: 2872302) 72%. nme nn. 4 Length of outer aspect of 4th segment of labial palp 4—5 times its tiny 3rd Stond OU) PRA da SS truncator (Say) (p. 285) Length of outer aspect of 4th segment of labial palp 1.6—2.8 times its medium- Srederdiseement (Mg SOD) Pee ee MI 4 5 Frontal aspect of head comparatively transverse (fig. 301); upper condyli of mandibles of 9 close to lower level of eyes; length of malar space 0.3—0.7 times basal width of mandible; claws yellowish pectinate basally (figs. 294, DOS) à 41010 EAA ENE: ophioninus (Vachal) (p. 298) Frontal aspect of head comparatively long (fig. 311); upper condyli of mandibles of 9 distinctly below lower level of eyes (fig. 311); length of malar space of © 0.6—1.1 times basal width of mandible; claws not or weakly pectinate basally (figs. 313, 314) ........ truncatoides spec. nov. (p. 300) Vein 1A+2A of fore wing curved (figs. 353, 369, 380) (subgenus Chartolo- Di MEER GAS athe MA ta BONS ALT de AU AR AOR LC Eed 7, Vein 1A +2A of fore wing straight (fig. 619) .................... 9 Vein 2A of fore wing widened, if compared with its surrounding veins (figs. DOS D RRL DA Lab AE A RTRT TA RISATA e AAT EIA 8 Vein 2A of fore wing slender, if compared with its surrounding veins (fig. 353) MP EN RE EN MIE) ERBE IR, gui infumator (Lyle) (p. 305) Basal third of vein SR of hind wing weakly curved (figs. 367, 368); pterostigma light brownish or yellowish brown; hind tarsus yellowish or whitish ....... Bee TO, WL Ed enr JTE. undulatus spec. nov. (p. 309) Basal third of vein SR of hind wing almost straight (fig. 382); pterostigma and findktarsus Dlackish#(s YY 10 Hu Ta See, nigritarsis spec. nov. (p. 310) Vein SR of hind wing strongly curved and extensively sclerotized basally (fig. 484); area basally of vein 2A of fore wing remotely setose (fig. 485); claws bifurcate, the subapical tooth large and in Q truncate apically (figs. 488, 491) GubgenusPhylacter) ron nenn dir bifurcatus spec. nov. (p. 322) Vein SR of hind wing straight or weakly curved, usually only pigmented basally, if exceptionally extensively sclerotized, then area basally of vein 2A of fore wing mainly bare (fig. 619); claws with lamella (fig. 624) or with a sharp medium-sized or small subapical tooth (fig. 534) (subgenus Oulophus) .. 10 . Frontal aspect of head comparatively long (figs. 525, 535); length of malar space 1.0—1.3 times basal width of mandible; hind coxa more or less coarsely sculptured (figs. 513, 527); length of both penultimate segments 1.2—1.6 times hote Ra SLOSS EE EN Il Frontal aspect of head comparatively transverse (fig. 620); length of malar space 0.3—0.8 times basal width of mandible; hind coxa at most punctulate and somewhat rugose dorsally (fig. 616); both penultimate segments of antenna of © 1.7—2.9 times their width (figs. 609, 621) ............ 12 . Subapical tooth of tarsal claw of 9 comparatively stout, rather blunt and 358 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 subequal to the apical tooth, resulting in sub-bifurcate claws (figs. 522, 524); body mainly black; medially propodeum mainly coarsely reticulate; vein r of hind wing absent or at most an indistinctly developed remnant present (figs. 516, 519); pterostigma dark brown; basally hind basitarsus more or less blackish or dark brown and at least its apical half white; vertex smooth or punctulater(higo20) ns Sepals oes EE carbonator (Shestakov) (p. 330) — Subapical tooth of tarsal claws of Q slender, sharp, much shorter than the apical tooth (figs. 534, 536, 707); body brownish and/or yellowish; propodeum (except for the carinae) indistinctly sculptured (fig. 537); vein r of hind wing present, but anterior half usually indistinctly developed (fig. 529); excep- tionally largely absent; pterostigma and whole hind basitarsus yellowish; VEGECXICORACECOUS (NES) an bohemani (Bengtsson) (p. 332) 12. Vein r of hind wing present, at least as a brownish pigmented stripe (figs. 555, 607); basal quarter of vein SR of hind wing only pigmented, unsclerotized (fig. S55) ney Ala ancl ell ie a pe ees Zara SIE 18 — Veinr of hind wing completely absent; basal quarter of vein SR of hind wing equally sclerotized as vein 1-M of hind wing (fig. 618) ............. 14 13. Length of ovipositor sheath 0.08—0.12 times fore wing (fig. 553); apical two- thirds of hind tibia and metasoma yellowish .... flagitator (Curtis) (p. 334) — Length of ovipositor sheath 0.25—0.26 times fore wing (fig. 602); apical two- thirds of hind tibia and mesosoma mainly blackish .................. AT OT N BO ca de oe pen D nepalensis spec. nov. (p. 340) 14. Vein 2-SC +R of hind wing long, transverse (fig. 618); base of vein SR of hind wing straight (fig. 631); tarsal claws with a ventral lamella (fig. 624); antenna, hind tibia and body, yellowish. .......... crenulatus spec. nov. (p. 341) — Vein 2-SC+R of hind wing short, vertical (fig. 635); base of vein SR of hind wing weakly curved (fig. 641); tarsal claws with a subapical tooth (fig. 638); antenna mainly dark brown, but with a white or yellowish ring medially; body and apical 0.7 of hind tibia mainly brownish black ................. Subfamily EUPHORINAE Foerster Foerster, 1862, Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl. 19: 228, 250. Syn.: Perilitinae Foerster, 1862. Diagnosis. — Antescutal depression and hypoclypeal depression absent; Ist discal cell of fore wing (sub)petiolate, vein 1-SR present or nearly so; dorsope of Ist tergite present or (less frequently) absent; Ist tergite of metasoma petiolate, subsessile or sessile, more or less narrowed in front of spiracles, exceptionally weakly narrowed behind spiracles; apical segment of antenna variable (figs. 767, 787, 847); occipital carina connected with the hypostomal carina above the mandibular base; veins a and CUIb of fore wing absent (fig. 836), exceptionally a short part of CUIb present (fig. 792); pronope of pronotum more or less developed (fig. 874); metapleural flange variable; hypostomal and prepectal carina present; lateral carina of scutellum absent; lateral carina of mesoscutum more or less VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 359 developed; vein m-cu of fore wing usually antefurcal or interstitial with 2-SR, exceptionally postfurcal; subbasal cell of hind wing usually large; antennal segments 15—50; lobes of mesoscutum equally convex; trochantelli simple, without teeth; scapus (sub)truncate apically; vein 2A of fore wing usually absent or shortly developed; Ist subdiscal cell of fore wing more or less open ventro-distally; plical lobe of hind wing and laterope of Ist tergite variable; maxillary and labial palpi with 6 and 3—4 segments, respectively; metasoma usually sparsely setose, less frequently densely and evenly setose; occipital carina present, at least laterally; postpectal carina absent or nearly so; hypopygium truncate apically, large to medium-sized; ovipositor straight or curved ventrad, usually with a small subapical notch. Distribution. — Cosmopolitan. Contains three tribes: Meteorini Cresson, 1887; Centistini Capek, 1970; Euphorini Foerster, 1862. Tribus METEORINI Cresson Cresson, 1887, Trans. Am. ent. Soc., Suppl.: 55, 60. Syn.: Zelini Ashmead, 1900; Petiolarini Szepligeti, 1904; Zemiotini Van Achter- berg, 1976. Diagnosis. — Occipital carina complete; 3rd segment of labial palp reduced (figs. 809, 821) or (virtually) absent (figs. 759, 800); anterior tentorial pits deep, medium-sized (fig. 773) or large (fig. 781); mesopleuron more or less protruding antero-dorsally (fig. 772); medial lobe of mesoscutum more or less rounded anteriorly (figs. 755, 874); vein 2A of hind wing absent (fig. 388), or at most present as a vague stripe (figs. 750, 784); vein 2-RI of fore wing absent (fig. 758), or (exceptionally) well developed (fig. 836); Ist tergite of metasoma petiolate and its spiracles situated submedially (figs. 754, 775, 852); vein r-m of fore wing present (fig. 18); Ist tergite widened apicad (figs. 754, 852). Distribution. — Cosmopolitan. Contains two described genera: Meteorus Haliday, 1835, and Zele Curtis, 1832. Genus Zele Curtis Curtis, 1832, Br. Ent. 9: 415. Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 49. Shenefelt, 1970, id. 5(2): 220. Capek, 1970, Can. Ent. 102: 848. Fischer, 1970, Wiss. Arbeiten Bgld. 44: 254— 300, figs. 3, 6. Tobias, 1971, Tr. Vsesoyuzn. ent. Obshch. 54: 222—224. Capek, 1972, Ent. Problémy 10: 133, 134, 136, 138. Mason, 1973, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 75: 213—215. Jakimavicius, 1974, Tr. AN Lit. SSR B2(66): 97. Van Achterberg, 1976b, Tijdschr. Ent. 119: 37, 50, figs. 107, 111. Tobias, 1976, Opr. Fauna SSSR 110: 113, fig. 33: 14—16. Type-species: Zele testaceator Curtis. Synonyms: Zemiotes Foerster, 1862, Syn. nov.; Protelus Foerster, 1862, Syn. nov.; 360 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Meteorus auct. p.p. Diagnosis. — Length of body 4.1—10.3, of fore wing 3.9—10.8 mm; antennal segments 29—50; length of 3rd segment of antenna 0.9—1.2 times 4th segment; length of maxillary palp 1.0—1.5 times height of head; length of malar space 0.1—0.7 times basal width of mandible; mandible with a pair of (more or less) protruding thin lamelliform carinae (figs. 809, 858), more or less twisted apically; ventral margin of clypeus rather wide, lamelliform, straight medially and well differentiated from clypeus (figs. 765, 781); eyes bare, immarginate, more or less converging ventrad (figs. 765, 793, 830, 862), larger in ¢ than in 9; epistomal suture complete (fig. 803); propleural lamellae more or less developed (figs. 785, 796); notauli complete (figs. 790, 849); side of scutellum more or less rugose (figs. 755, 808, 811); scutellum sculptured medio-posteriorly (figs. 755, 785); episternal scrobe medium-sized, elliptical (figs. 748, 778, 785); metapleural flange more or less lamelliform (figs. 748, 796); propodeal spiracle small and round (figs. 748, 796); propodeal tubercles absent; propodeum with a more or less developed anterior transverse carina (figs. 754, 762, 775, 801); vein m-cu of fore wing more or less antefurcal (figs. 750, 758, 784); Ist discal cell of fore wing shortly petiolate anteriorly (figs. 758, 768, 836); short remnant of vein 2A of fore wing present (figs. 814, 827, 846); marginal cell of hind wing widened apicad (figs. 784, 788); vein SRI of fore wing straight; vein r of hind wing present (fig. 788) or absent (fig. 758); tarsal claws with a large submedial lobe (figs. 752, 757, 791); length of hind femur 3.8—7.6 times its width; length of Ist tergite 1.6—4.1 times its apical width, its dorsope more or less developed (figs. 762, 794); at least apical half of 3rd and following tergites densely setose (figs. 783, 794); 2nd and following tergites smooth, only in gracilis weakly coriaceous-punctulate (fig. 852); length of ovipositor sheath 0.19—0.60 times fore wing, slender (fig. 843); length of hind tibial spurs 0.3—0.4 times hind basitarsus, subequal. Distribution. — Widespread, but absent in the Afrotropical and Australian regions. The distribution is rather similar to that of the subgenus Oulophus of the genus Homolobus and may be due to the same factors, e.g., a primarily Holarctic centre of speciation, combined with a secondary centre in the Neotropical area. Biology. — Endoparasites of larvae of the Geometridae Pyralidae, Noctuidae, Lasiocampidae, Lymantriidae, Arctiidae, Limacodidae, and Saturniidae. Aberrant records from Tortricidae, Momphidae, Douglasiidae, Yponomeutidae, Lyone- tiidae, Gelechiidae, Conchylidae, Pterophoridae and Nymphalidae need to be confirmed. Note. — There is some confusion about the gender of the genus Zele Curtis. Because it is frequently used in generic combinations (Austrozele, Palinzele, Neozele, Xiphozele, all belonging to other subfamilies) certainty about its gender is required. The name Zele is a fantasy-name which takes the gender expressly attributed to it by its author. If no gender is assigned or implied, the name is to be treated as masculine unless the ending is clearly a natural classical feminine or neuter one when the gender is that appropriate to the ending (according to Article 30a(ii) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature). Curtis (1832: 415) ‘id not expressly attribute a gender to his new genus, while of the ten species VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 361 included, only two may imply a certain gender of Zele, viz., thoracicus, and longicauda . Thus Curtis himself was uncertain about the gender, furthermore also the ending is not a natural classical feminine or neuter one. Therefore the name Zele (and the derived names as well) has to be treated as a masculine noun according to Article 30a(ii) ofthe International Code. Key to the species of the genus Zele l. Precoxal suture smooth or only narrowly sculptured (figs. 748, 758, 766), if intermediate, then length of ovipositor sheath ca. 0.2 times fore wing (fig. 756); vein 1-M of hind wing 0.7—1.1 times vein cu-a (figs. 750, 758), exceptionally somewhat shorter; Ist tergite usually comparatively stout (figs. 754, 762, 775); Ueinicu-atefifiore Wing postiurcal (fig, 768) 0 CAR ee e nn CURE ) — Precoxal suture widely sculptured, at least anteriorly or medially (figs. 778, 785, 796), if intermediate, then vein 1-M of hind wing shorter than 0.7 times vein cu-a (figs. 836, 855) or vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal (fig. 798); Ist tergite comparatively slender (figs. 824, 839, 852, 864) or length of ovipositor sheathtear 0 3 times tore Wingi(fip: 833), 1 RER VE ee, ee oe kal ae 4 2. Length of ovipositor sheath 0.19—0.28 times fore wing (figs. 756, 767); hind femur slender (figs. 761, 774), its length 5.2—6.4 times its width ....... 3 — Length of ovipositor sheath 0.38—0.39 times fore wing (fig. 748); hind femur somewhat swollen (fig. 751), its length 4.4—5.l times its width; North Paldicanclicmeree. seats A siete hin. bate a annulicrus (Thomson) (p. 363) 3. Body, hind tibia and its tarsus mainly dark reddish-brown; pterostigma of 9 more or less brown; mesopleuron somewhat more sculptured (fig. 756); Palaearctic and North Nearctic ........... caligatus (Haliday) (p. 364) — Body, pterostigma, and hind leg of 9, yellowish; mesopleuron comparatively smooth (fig. 766); South Nearctic .......... levis (Muesebeck) (p. 365) 4. Scutellum protruding dorsad, with a tubercle (figs. 778, 785); laterope absent (nes 88 18S)vertex punctate (lies. 779,789) 20... 2. n 5 — Scutellum at most rather strongly convex, without tubercle (figs. 796, 825); laterope present, at least shallowly (figs. 825, 843); vertex smooth or purciulate (VEN ide ee EER RA Re ne 6 5. Tubercle of scutellum rounded apically (figs. 778, 780); dorsope of Ist tergite well developed (fig. 783); wing membrane hyaline; hind tibia brownish, only with blackish setae; South Neotropical ...... punctatus spec. nov. (p. 367) — Tubercle of scutellum sharp apically (figs. 785, 795); dorsope almost absent (fig. 794); wing membrane light brownish; apical 0.7 of hind tibia (at least in ¢) blackish; North Neotropical ........... tuberculifer spec. nov. (p. 368) 6. Length of ovipositor sheath 0.41—0.60 times fore wing, longer than 1.5 times Ist tergite of metasoma (figs. 796, 815); vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal (figs. MOERS wexceptionally interstitial wears ee. ER fis ots ser 7 — Length of ovipositor sheath 0.19—0.33 (exceptionally 0.37) times fore wing, shorter than 1.5 times length of Ist tergite (figs. 825, 834, 843, 853); vein cu-a of fore wing postfurcal (figs. 827, 855), seldom (sub)interstitial (fig. 836), and 362 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 exceptionally shortly antefurcalis Presenter 9 Hind tarsus yellowish; eyes somewhat smaller, their dorsal length in 9 1.3—2.1 (in & 1.2—1.6) times length of temple (fig. 817); West and Middle Palaearctie „na ee Rs ee chlorophthalmus (Spinola) (p. 370) Hind tarsus whitish; eyes of 9 comparatively large, their dorsal length 2.4—3.2 (in ¢ 1.8—2.3) times length of temple (fig. 892); (niveitarsis Cresson SI) ecn Le AO ORO er 8 Hind tibia and pterostigma mainly dark brown; East Palaearctic and Oriental rer ie a toes as niveitarsis f. peronatus (Shestakov) (p. 370) Hind tibia and pterostigma mainly brownish-yellow; Nearctic .......... EE niveitarsis f. niveitarsis (Cresson) (p. 369) Scutellum rather strongly convex (figs. 811, 825); surroundings of veins 1-M, 1- CUI, and r of fore wing dark brown pigmented (fig. 827); basal two-thirds of hind tibia, all trochanters and trochantelli, white; pterostigma of 9 dark brown, with base and apex whitish; malar space of 9 very short, its length 0.1 times basal width of mandible (fig. 830); South Nearctic .............. wi ith hee ln AERC te RT picinervis spec. nov. (p. 373) Scutellum weakly convex (fig. 834); surroundings of veins 1-M, 1-CUI and r of fore wing hyaline or faintly brownish; basal half of hind tibia, all trochanters and trochantelli, yellowish or dark brown; pterostigma of Q uniformly yellowish or dark brown; length of malar space of 9 0.3—0.4 times basal width of mandible, somewhat longer (figs. 842,802). casei cee eee 10 . Hind femur stout, its length 3.8—4.4 times its maximum width (fig. 840); head more transverse (fig. 838); vein 2-R1 of fore wing well-developed, somewhat longer than vein r (fig. 836); Nearctic ... crassifemur (Muesebeck) (p. 374) Hind femur slender, its length 5.1—7.6 times its maximum width (fig. 860); head less transverse (figs. 850, 863); vein 2-RI of fore wing rather short, usually shorter than veinir. (figs: 840,899) EEN 11 . Length of vein r of fore wing 1.1—1.2 times vein 3-SR (fig. 846); 2nd tergite evenly setose and finely coriaceous-punctulate (fig. 852); base of Iste tergite and ventral half of temple, yellowish white; length of ovipositor sheath ca. 0.37 times fore wing (fig. 843); South Palaearctic .... gracilis spec. nov. (p. 375) Length of vein r of fore wing 0.3-0.6 times vein 3-SR (figs. 855, 868); at least basal half of 2nd tergite bare and smooth (fig. 853); base of Ist tergite and ventral half of temple, brownish-yellow or blackish; length of ovipositor sheath 0.19—0.33 times fore wing (fig. 853); Holarctic; (albiditarsus Curtis Sel.) sen deet rte E Ge ab ee Pe er 12 . Length of vein I-M of hind wing 0.9—1.3 times cu-a, subequal (fig. 868) . Se Pade SARAI albiditarsus f. pallitarsis (Cresson) (p. 379) Length of vein 1-M of hind wing 0.3—0.8 times vein cu-a, usually much shorter than-cuza (fig. 853), a. eren A Ped Oa 13 . Middle of hind tarsus yellowish or infuscated, if intermediate, then similarly coloured as middle of hind femur; length of fore wing usually less than 8 MD. pate er ae eee albiditarsus f. deceptor (Wesmael) (p. 377) Middle of hind tarsus white or whitish-yellow, lighter coloured than middle of VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 363 hind femur; length of fore wing usually more than 8mm .............. RL PAN ACNE re SUR albiditarsus f. albiditarsus Curtis (p. 380) Zele annulicrus (Thomson) comb. nov. (figs. 748— 755) Thomson, 1895, Opusc. ent. 20: 2161 (as Meteorus). Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 52, 53. Fischer, 1970, Wiss. Arbeiten Bgld. 44: 258. Lectotype, 9, length of body 4.2, of fore wing 4.4 mm. Head. — Remaining antennal segments 11, 3rd segment 0.9 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.4 and 3.6 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.1 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 1.4 times temple; temple weakly roundly narrowed posteriad (fig. 749); POL : @ ocellus: OOL = 14: 5:6; frons weakly concave, smooth; vertex convex, punctulate; face weakly convex, indistinctly punctulate; clypeus strongly convex, punctate (fig. 753); length of malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; side of pronotum largely smooth, medially crenulate and ventro-anteriorly and posteriorly rugose (fig. 748); epicnemial area crenulate anteriorly, dorsally rugose near posterior subalar depression; precoxal suture narrowly crenulate medially (fig. 748); metapleural flange medium-sized, apically lamelliform and rounded (fig. 748); metapleuron almost smooth, ventrally rugose; notauli indistinctly crenulate, narrow (fig. 755); mesoscutal lobes slightly punctulate; scutellum convex, punctulate; surface of propodeum with a small areola medio-anteriorly and a well- developed medial carina and costulae (fig. 754), its surroundings almost smooth; posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 748). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 4: 7: 37; cu-a postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CUI = 2: 15; 2-SR : 3-SR: r-m = 10:7: 7. Hind wing: r mainly absent (fig. 750); length of 1-M 0.9 times cu-a. Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; hind femur somewhat curved (fig. 751); length of femur, tibia, and basitarsus of hind leg 4.4, 10.2 and 8.6 times their width, respectively. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 1.6 times its apical width, its surface superficially and remotely striate (fig. 754); dorsal carinae present in front of spiracles; dorsope and laterope large and deep; 2nd tergite smooth and bare; length of ovipositor sheath 0.38 times fore wing. Colour. — Dark brown; scapus, pedicellus, clypeus, labrum, mandibles mainly, palpi, pterostigma, tegulae, postero-dorsal corner of pronotum, and legs, yellowish; hind tibia basally whitish, its apical three-quarters and hind tarsus darkened. Lectotype in ZIL, Lund: ‘“Hbg”, “Meteorus annulicrus Th., Type, det. Fischer”, ‘1977, 39”. Paralectotypes: 4 specimens, of which | 9 and 2 Z were examined. | 6, “Hall”; 1 ©, “Bo.”, and I g, “Riht”’, all ZIL. Variation: Antennal segments 31; length of fore wing 4.6—4.7 mm; length of Ist tergite 1.6—1.7 times its apical 364 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 width; length of hind femur 4.4—5.1 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.38—0.39 times fore wing; pterostigma of ¢ dark brown. Zele caligatus (Haliday) comb. nov. (figs. 756—765) Haliday, 1835, Ent. Mag. 3: 25 (as Meteorus). Ruthe, 1862, Berl. ent. Z. 6: 22, 23 (Meteorus neesii). Ashmead, 1902, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 4: 247 (Dyscoletes alaskensis). Syn. nov. Fahringer, 1930, Ark. Zool. 21A: 8 (Meteorus caligatus var. sibiricus). Syn. nov. Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 51, 55, 56. Fischer, 1970, Wiss. Arbeiten Bgld. 44: 258. Tobias, 1971, Tr. Vsesoyuzn. ent. Obshch. 54: 222. Mason, 1973, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 75: 214. Lectotype, 9, length of body 5.1, of fore wing 5.3 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 35, 3rd segment equal to 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments both 3.2 times their width, length of both penultimate segments 1.3 and 1.6 times their width; length of maxillary palp 1.3 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.0 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriad (fig. 760); POL : & ocellus : OOL = 7: 4: 5; frons smooth, but with some rugosity near antennal sockets, almost flat; vertex convex, weakly punctulate; face rather flat, punctate medially and near antennal sockets, laterally punctulate (fig. 765); clypeus convex, punctate; length of malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum largely punctulate, antero-medially and apically crenulate and indistinctly rugose ventrally (fig. 756); epicnemial area mainly smooth, rugose postero-dorsally; precoxal suture narrowly and irregular crenulate, anteriorly and posteriorly almost smooth (fig. 756); metapleural flange medium-sized, narrowly lamelliform apically (fig. 756); metapleuron reticulate, only dorsally almost smooth; notauli narrowly crenulate (fig. 764); mesoscutal lobes indistinctly punctulate; scutellum rather convex, weakly punctulate; surface of propodeum mainly smooth anteriorly, except for a weakly developed transverse carina and a short part of the medial carina (fig. 762), posteriorly rugose; posterior part of propodeum not separated from its antero-dorsal part (fig. 756). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 10: 24: 114; cu-a postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2- CUI = 1:20; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 19: 12: 12. Hind wing: r absent; length of 1-M 0.9 times cu-a. Legs. — Hind coxa weakly punctulate; hind femur rather straight (fig. 761); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.3, 10.2 and 7.7 times their width, respectively. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 1.7 times its apical width, its surface indistinctly rugulose, almost smooth (fig. 762); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; laterope and dorsope large and deep (fig. 756); 2nd tergite mainly bare and smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.19 times fore wing. Colour. — Dark reddish-brown; palpi, mandibles, clypeus ventrally, antenna (except apically), tegulae, dorso-posterior corner of pronotum, legs (but hind tibia VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 365 and tarsus mainly infuscated), 2nd and 3rd tergites and their sternites, apex of hypopygium, apex of ovipositor sheath, yellowish; pterostigma brown; hind tibia basally with a whitish ring. Lectotype in NMI, Dublin: “Jullymore”, “Ireland, Haliday, 20.2.82/Box 8, A.W.S.”, “Meteorus caligatus Hal., det. Muesebeck”, “Meteorus caligatus Hal., 9, Type!, AWS. 29.7.1948”. Lectotype of Perilitus neesii Ruthe, 1862, in BM, London: 9, “Type H.T.”, “B.M. type Hym., 3.c.758”, “em. Type. Hym. Meteorus neesii Ruthe, 1862”, ‘‘P. Neesii m.”, “P. neesii Rut.”, “59.101 Germany”, “Ruthe Coll. 59.101”. Holotype of Meteorus sibiricus Fahringer, 1930, in NR, Stockholm: o, “Kamtschatka, Malaise”, “1870”, “Meteorus 9 caligatus Hal. var. sibiricus m.” (in Fahringer’s handwriting), “405, 77°, “Riksmuseum Stockholm”. Holotype of Dyscoletes alaskensis Ashmead, 1902, in USNM, Washington: &, “Popoff Island, Alaska, July 11”, “99”, “Harriman Expedition ’99, T. Kincaid, Collector”, “5, Type, No. 5703, U.S.N.M.”, “Dyscoletes alaskensis Ashm. &” (in Ashmead’s handwriting). These three holotypes were examined and proved to be rather typical specimens of caligatus. Additional specimens examined: 26 9 and 18 G. From the Palaearctic region: Finland (Sääksmäki, Kivirikko; Kenru), Denmark (no locality), USSR (Irkutskaja obl., S. Siberia), Japan (Mt. Arakura, 1300 m; Kamitakai, 800 m, both Nagano), and Italy (Campi, Riva s. Garda, 1200 m) (CNC, HC, WHC, RMNH, UZM). From the Nearctic region: Alaska (Haines), North West Territories (Norman Walls), British Columbia (Woodfibre; Gison’s Landing; Triumph Bay; Coquitlan L.; Seymour Cr.; Squamish; Canyon Cr.; Harrison L.; Hixon; Howe Sound), Alberta (E. Jaspar Gate; Clearwater), Ontario (Stittsville), Quebec (Mt. Lyall), and Newfoundland (St. Georges) (CNC, USNM, RMNM). Variation: Length of fore wing 4.6—5.9 mm; antennal segments 35—37; length of ovipositor sheath 0.19—0.28 times fore wing; length of malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible; length of hind femur 5.2—6.1 times its width; length of Ist tergite 1.7—1.8 times its apical width; length of vein 1-M of hind wing 0.6—1.0 times vein cu-a of hind wing; cocoon whitish. Known hosts of examined specimens belong all to the genus Eupithecia (Geometridae, Lepidoptera): E. luteata Packard, E. palpata Packard, E. ?usurpata Pears., E. satyrata (Hübner), E. filmata Pears., and E. indigata (Hübner). Zele levis (Muesebeck) comb. nov. (figs. 766-776) Muesebeck, 1923, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 63: 11 (as Meteorus). Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 76. Holotype, 9, length of body 4.5, of fore wing 5.0 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 29, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 5.0 and 4.2 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.7 times their width (fig. 767); length of maxillary palp 1.3 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.1 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriad (fig.770); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 14: 9: 8; frons almost flat, 366 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 smooth; vertex weakly convex, smooth; face rather flat, somewhat weakly punctulate; clypeus convex, almost smooth (fig. 773); length of malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum densely punctulate, with some crenulae medially and some striae apically (fig. 766); epicnemial area largely smooth, postero-dorsally punctate-rugulose; precoxal suture smooth, except for some short crenulae medially (fig. 766); metapleural flange rather large, lamelliform; metapleuron largely smooth, ventrally punctulate; notauli indistinctly developed dorsally, almost smooth (but in other specimens finely rugose); mesoscutal lobes faintly punctulate; scutellum rather convex and punctulate; surface of propodeum finely rugose, only anteriorly smooth, anterior transverse carina well developed, and posteriorly with a short medial carina (fig. 775); posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero- dorsal part of propodeum (fig. 766). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR:SRI = 6: 11 : 64; cu-a postfurcal; 1-CU1: 2-CUI = 3:32; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 16: 11: 10. Hind wing: r present posteriorly (fig. 768); length of 1-M 1.1 times cu-a. Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.4, 12.5, and 9.0 times their width, respectively. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.0 times its apical width, its surface striate and basally rugose (fig. 775); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite weakly developed in front of dorsope; dorsope and laterope deep and large (fig. 766, 775); 2nd tergite mainly bare and smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.19 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; palpi and base of hind tibia, whitish; eyes greenish iridescent. Holotype in CU, Ithaca: “Jemez Springs, IX.6-13, N.M., John Woodgate”, ““Meteorus levis Mues., Type, Det. Mues.”, “Holotype Cornell U., No. 616.1”. Additional specimens of levis examined: 6 Q and 1 &. From Mexico (Dgo., 3 mi. E. El Salto, 8500 ft; id., 10 mi. W. El Salto, 9000 ft; Chis., 9600 ft, Zontehuitz, nr. S. Christ.), California (Berkeley), and Wyoming (5 mi. W. New Castle, 4200 ft). Variation: Length of fore wing 5.0—5.9 mm; antennal segments 29—33; length of hind femur 6.3—6.4 times its width; length of vein 1-M of hind wing 0.8—1.1 times vein cu-a of hind wing; length of Iste tergite 1.7—2.2 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.19 times fore wing; & from Mexico has pterostigma, metasoma basally and apically, propodeum, hind tibia (except its base) and hind tarsus, more or less dark brown (CNC, USNM, RMNH). From Colombia (Caldas, 3300—3500 m (CNC)) I have examined 2 © and | & which are intermediate between /evis and caligatus. The females have the shape of the Ist tergite and face of levis, and the hind leg and metasoma yellowish brownish (but Ist tergite infuscated). Head and mesosoma are mainly dark brown, the pterostigma is rather infuscated and the precoxal suture is narrowly and rather irregularly sculptured as in caligatus. The male is completely melanistic, with also the legs more or less infuscated. Further collecting is needed to make a decision about the synonymy of /evis with caligatus. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 367 Zele punctatus spec. nov. (figs. 777— 784, 813) Holotype, 9, length of body 8.6, of fore wing 8.4 mm. Head. — Antenna absent except for scapus and pedicellus, 3rd segment of allotype 1.2 times 4th segment, and length of 3rd and 4th segment 3.9 and 3.2 times their width, respectively; maxillary palp subequal to height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.2 times temple; temple punctulate and roundly narrowed posteriad (fig. 779); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 9: 6: 1; frons smooth, concave behind antennal sockets; vertex rather flat, punctate (fig. 779); face rather flat, densely punctate (fig. 781); clypeus strongly convex, coarsely punctate; length of malar space 0.3 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum largely reticulate-rugose, dorsally punctate and antero-medially crenulate (fig. 778); epicnemial area rugose-reticulate; precoxal suture crenulate-rugose dorsally (only rather smooth posteriorly) and coarsely reticulate-punctate ventrally (fig. 778), its surroundings punctate; metapleural flange large, lamelliform and rounded apically; metapleuron coarsely reticulate; notauli crenulate (fig. 782); mesoscutal lobes densely punctate (fig. 782); scutellum with rounded tubercle, punctate (fig. 778, 780); surface of propodeum coarsely reticulate, its medial carina rather weakly developed and without an areola; posterior part of propodeum rather separated from antero-dorsal part of propodeum (fig. 778). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR: SRI = 10: 14: 89; cu-a postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2- CUI = 2: 17; 2-SR : 3-SR: r-m = 10: 7: 8. Hind wing: r faintly developed; length of 1-M 0.8 times cu-a. Legs. — Hind coxa densely and coarsely punctate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.6, 12.1 and 12.0 times their width. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.6 times its apical width, its surface smooth anteriorly, posterior half rugose (fig. 783); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; laterope absent (fig. 778); dorsope deep, medium-sized (fig. 783); 2nd tergite mainly bare and smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.40 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; hind tarsus (except the yellowish telotarsus) white; apical three-quarters of hind tibia blackish setose; ovipositor sheath dark brown; wing membrane hyaline; palpi somewhat infuscated. Holotype in IML, Tucumän: “R. A. Tucuman, Aconguya, XI. (1)946, Coll. R. Golbach”, “Inst. M. Lillo”, ‘“‘Zemiotes sp., Det. Muesebeck”. Paratypes: 3 specimens, | specimen without metasoma, topotypic with holotype (IML); 1 G (allotype, IML), “R. A. Tucuman, Dpto. Tafi, 18.X11.50, Coll. Golbach”; 1 & (RMNH), topotypic with allotype. Note. The protuberant scutellum indicates a relationship with the South Nearctic Zele picinervis spec. nov., but punctatus is more coarsely sculptured, has the wing membrane hyaline, and the ovipositor is longer. 368 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Zele tuberculifer spec. nov. (figs. 785— 795, 812) Holotype, 3, length of body 9.0, of fore wing 7.8 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 41, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.2 and 3.6 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.8 and 2.2 times their width; length of maxillary palp 1.1 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.2 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriad, punctulate (fig. 789); POL : & ocellus : OOL = 19: 11:6; frons deeply concave behind antennal sockets, mainly smooth; vertex punctate, face rather flat, densely reticulate-rugose (fig. 793); clypeus strongly convex, reticulate-rugose; length of malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; side of pronotum densely punctate, medially coarsely crenulate and ventrally reticulate-rugose (fig. 785); epicnemial area anteriorly rather smooth, posteriorly rugose; precoxal suture dorsally narrowly crenulate, medially and ventrally rather coarsely punctate (fig. 785); metapleural flange large, wide, truncate and lamelliform apically; metapleuron coarsely rugose-reticulate; notauli remotely and widely crenulate (fig. 790); mesoscutal lobes densely punctulate; scutellum with a sharp tubercle and punctate (figs. 785, 790, 795); surface of propodeum coarsely reticulate, with a medial carina; posterior part of propodeum separated from antero-dorsal part of propodeum (fig. 785). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 13: 16: 94; cu-a postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2- CUI = 1: 16; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 9: 8: 7. Hind wing: r present as a brownish stripe (fig. 788); length of 1-M 0.9 times cu-a. Legs. — Hind coxa densely and coarsely punctate (fig. 785); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.1, 11.6 and 10.0 times their width, respectively. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.8 times its apical width, its surface smooth anteriorly, but posteriorly (behind the spiracles) rugulose (fig. 794); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; laterope absent; dorsope almost absent (fig. 799); 2nd tergite mainly bare and smooth. Colour. — Reddish-brown; pterostigma, wing veins, antenna (but scapus and antenna medially more brownish), and posterior two-thirds of hind tibia, mainly dark brown or blackish; hind tarsus (except telotarsus) yellowish-white; wing membrane light brownish. Holotype in RMNH, Leiden: “Museum Leiden, North Panama, 1050 m, Fortuna, Chiriqui, 8°44’, 82°15’W, 19.X.1976, H. Wolda, at light”. Zele niveitarsis (Cresson) comb. nov. (figs. 796— 807) Cresson, 1872, Can. Ent. 4: 81 (as Perilitus). Shestakov, 1940, Ark. Zool. 32A: 16 (Meteorus peronatus), Syn. nov. Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 82, 86. Capek, 1970, Can. Ent. 102: 848. Tobias, 1971, Tr. Vsesoyuzn. ent. Obshch. 54: 222. Mason, 1973, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 75: 214. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 369 Zele niveitarsis f. niveitarsis (Cresson) (figs. 796—807) Lectotype, 9, length of body 7.5, of fore wing 6.7 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 40, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.6 and 3.4 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.0 times their width; length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 3.0 times temple; temple rather directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 802); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 8: 6: 2; frons concave, with some striae anteriorly; vertex rather flat, punctulate; face flat, finely and densely punctate (fig. 803); clypeus convex and remotely punctate; length of malar space 0.2 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum largely reticulate-rugose, with some crenulae antero-medially, and dorsally smooth (fig. 796); epicnemial area largely smooth, anteriorly crenulate; precoxal suture densely punctate, dorsally narrowly crenulate (fig. 796); metapleural flange large, rounded and narrowly lamelliform apically (fig. 796); metapleuron coarsely reticulate; notauli finely crenulate (fig. 807); mesoscutal lobes finely and densely punctulate; scutellum convex, finely punctulate; surface of propodeum with a long medial carina anteriorly, and rest of surface remotely and coarsely reticulate and areolate (fig. 801); posterior part of propodeum separated from antero-dorsal part of propodeum (fig. 796). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 4: 11:45; cu-a antefurcal; 2-M + CUI: 1+2-CUI = 1: 18; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 13: 11: 7. Hind wing: r present, weakly pigmented (fig. 798); length of 1-M 0.7 times cu-a. Legs. — Hind coxa weakly punctate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.1, 11.8, and 12.2 times their width, respectively. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.1 times its apical width, its surface transversely rugose basally, more irregularly and remotely rugose posteriorly (fig. 801); dorsal carinae present in front of laterope; laterope and dorsope deep and large (fig. 796, 801); 2nd tergite only medially setose, smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.43 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; all tibiae basally and entire tarsi, white or nearly so; telotarsi, hind tibia medially and apically, and antenna, somewhat darkened; pterostigma and tegulae, light yellowish; stemmaticum and ovipositor sheath, dark brown; tip of ovipositor sheath indistinctly yellowish; wings hyaline; eyes greenish iridescent. Lectotype in ANSP, Philadelphia: “Mass.”, “Type No. 1766”, “Perilitus niveitarsis Cr./Perilitus albitarsis Cresson’’. Paralectotypes: 1 9 and 3 &, topotypic, not examined. Additional specimens examined (15 9 and 8 g) from the Nearctic region: Ontario (Blackbury; Ft. Francis), Quebec (Quebec; Tenaga); Nova Scotia (Smith’s Cove), Massachusetts (Williamstown; Sterking), New Jersey (Moorestown), Main (Bar Harbor; Augusto; Mt. Desert), New York (Orient; Riverhead), Kansas (Riley Co.), Wisconsin (Gibson Lake, Polk Co.), and Connecticut (Stafford Springs) (USNM, CNC, RMNH). 370 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Variation: Dorsal length of eye of @ 2.4—3.2 times temple (1.8—2.3 times in &); length of ovipositor sheath 0.42—0.60 times fore wing, longer than 1.5 times Ist tergite; length of vein 1-M of hind wing 0.7—0.8 times vein cu-a; sometimes head posteriorly, stemmaticum and mesosoma anteriorly more or less dark brown and hind tibia blackish apically; hind tibia of g and antenna mainly dark brown or yellowish brown; pterostigma light brown; vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal or interstitial. The dense silken cocoon is whitish, spindle-shaped, in a darker and larger lepidopterous cocoon. Known hosts of examined specimens belong all to the Pyralidae (Lepidoptera): Salebria virgatella (Clements) on Robinia, S. contatella Grote, Acrobasis rubrifasciella Packard on Alnus; A. betulella Hulst, A. ostryella (?), A. sylviella (?), A. comptomiella Hulst, and Meroptera pravella (Grote). Zele niveitarsis f. peronatus (Shestakov) Holotype, 9, length of fore wing 5.9 mm; dorsal length of eye 2.4 times temple; vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal; 2-M +CUI : 1+2-CUl = 5: 66; vein 1-M of hind wing 0.4 times vein cu-a; antennal segments 39; length of ovipositor sheath 0.46 times fore wing and 1.7 times length of Ist tergite; pterostigma and body, dark brown; Ist tergite basally, mesopleuron dorsally, face, clypeus, and basal half of antenna, brownish; fore and middle legs, tegulae, and hind trochanters, yellowish, apical three-quarters of hind tibia dark brown, its basal quarter yellowish white; hind coxa and its femur, brown; hind tarsus mainly white, but basally dark brown. Holotype in NR, Stockholm: ‘“‘Vladivost., Sedanka/10/8, 1930, Malaise”, ‘“‘Meteorus peronatus sp. n. typ., det. Shestakov”, ‘‘Holotype of peronatus Shestakov, det. T. Huddleston, 1976”, ‘406, 77°, “Riksmuseum Stockholm”. Additional specimens examined: | Q from Sumatra (N. Sumatra, Bivouac 3, Mt. Bandahara, ca. 1810 m, 3°45’N, 95°45’E, 10—16.VII.1975, J. Krikken, no. 25 (RMNH, 1 9 (ex E. pylonitis (?)) and 1 g (ex D. abietella (?)) from Lower Topa (?) (both USNM). Variation: Length of fore wing 5.9—8.1 mm; antennal segments 39—43; length of Ist tergite 2.3—2.8 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.46—0.50 times fore wing; dorsal length of eye 2.4—3.1 times temple (1.8 times in &). Zele chlorophthalmus (Spinola) comb. nov. (figs. 814—824) Spinola, 1808, Insect. Liguriae 2: 133, 134 (as Bracon). Nees, (1811) 1812, Mag. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 5: 21 (Bracon chrysophthalmus). Syn. nov. Thunberg, 1822, Mem. Acad. sci. St. Petersbourg 8: 263 (/chneumon nudator). Syn. nov. Costa, 1884, Rc. Accad. Sci. fis. mat., Napoli 22: 171 (Meteorus splendens). Syn. nov. Thomson, 1895, Opusc. ent. 20: 2150 (Meteorus (Zemiotes) nigricollis). Syn. nov. Wagner, 1928, Ver. naturw. Unterh. Hamb. 20: 7. Cavro, 1954, Suppl. Bull. Soc. ent. N. Fr. 75: 109. Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 58, 59, 81, 82. Shenefelt, 1970, id. 5(2): 222. Fischer, 1970, Wiss. Arbeiten Bgld. 44: 258, 268— 270. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 371 Tobias, 1971, Tr. Vsesoyuzn. ent. Obshch. 54: 223. Capek, 1972, Ent. Problemy 10: 134, 136. Mason, 1973, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 75: 213—215. Tobias, 1976, Opr. Fauna SSSR 110: 113, fig. 33: 14, 15. Neotype, 9, length of body 7.4, of fore wing 6.4 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 39, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.2 and 4.0 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.0 and 2.3 times their width (fig. 819); length of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; temple weakly roundly narrowed posteriad (fig. 817); dorsal length of eye 1.3 times temple (fig. 817); POL : g ocellus : OOL = 12: 9 : 6; frons mainly smooth, weakly concave; vertex convex, slightly punctulate; face rather flat, punctulate; clypeus convex and punctate; length of malar space 0.1 times basal width of mandible, eyes almost touching mandibular condylus. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; side of pronotum punctulate, medially and ventrally reticulate-rugose (fig. 815); epicnemial area crenulate anteriorly and posteriorly punctate-rugose; precoxal suture widely reticulate-punctate, dorsally indistinctly crenulate (fig. 815); metapleural flange rather large, lamelliform apically; metapleuron largely rugose-reticulate, dorsally weakly sculptured notauli rather widely crenulate (fig. 818); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; scutellum rather convex, punctulate; surface of propodeum rather coarsely reticulate-rugose, only smooth anteriorly (fig. 824), with a medial carina; posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 815). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 7: 15: 70; cu-a antefurcal; 2-M+CUl: 1+2-CUI = 3: 52; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 24: 15 : 14. Hind wing: remnant of r present (fig. 814); length of 1-M 0.7 times cu-a. Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.2, 12.5, and 12.0 times their width, respectively. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.4 times its apical width, its surface behind dorsope rugulose-punctate (fig. 824); dorsal carinae short anteriorly, in front of dorsope; laterope large and deep (fig. 815); dorsope medium-sized, deep (fig. 824); 2nd tergite mainly bare and smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.42 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; apical half of antenna and ovipositor sheath (except the apex) dark brown; eyes greenish iridescent. Neotype of Bracon chlorophthalmus Spinola to be deposited in the collection of RMNH, Leiden: ‘Holland, Asperen, 8.IX.1972, C. J. Zwakhals”, “©, M. (Zemiotes) chrysophthalmus (Nees), det. C. v. Achterberg, 1973”. According to Mr. T. Huddleston, who kindly examined the holotype of Meteorus splendens Costa, 1884 (9, Museum of Naples), splendens agrees with my interpretation of chlorophthalmus. Length of fore wing 4.0 mm, length of ovipositor sheath 0.44 times fore wing and 1.9 times length of Ist tergite, propodeum postero- dorsally and anterior half of Ist tergite darker than rest of body (blackish according to Costa). The type bears two labels: ““Decimoputzu 4” and “Meteorus splendens” (the latter in what is probably Costa’s handwriting). The type-locality is situated at the South of Sardinia, nr. Cagliari. 372 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Mr. Huddleston also examined the holotype of /chneumon nudator Thunberg, 1822 (g, Thunberg Collection, Uppsala), which proved to have been correctly synonymized with Bracon chrysophthalmus Nees in the past. The holotype of Meteorus (Zemiotes) nigricollis Thomson, 1895 (9, ZIL, Lund: ‘“Degeberga”, “nigricollis m.”, “holotype Meteorus (Zemiotes) nigricollis T., det. T. Huddleston, 1976”, “1977, 40”) agrees well with the neotype of chlorophthalmus. The eyes are slightly less convex, length of eye 1.3 times temple, POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 16:9 : 9, frons striate anteriorly, length of fore wing 6.4 mm, length of ovipositor sheath 0.50 times fore wing, length of Ist tergite 2.2 times its apical width, mesosoma mainly dark brown, middle of frons and vertex faintly infuscated. The type of Bracon chrysophthalmus Nees, 1812, is lost; a neotype is selected from the Wesmael Collection, because Wesmael is the first revisor of this species. The neotype of chrysophthalmus (9, KBIN, Brussels: “Coll. Wesmael”, “1743”, “Perilitus 3 9 chrysophthalmus N. v. Es., det. C. Wesmael”, “type”) agrees well with the descriptions by Nees and Wesmael (1835: 24—26) and with the neotype of chlorophthalmus: length of fore wing 6.0 mm, length of ovipositor sheath 0.49 times fore wing, eyes rather flat, and length of malar space 0.3 times basal width of mandible. Additional specimens examined (89 © and 41 &) from: Finland (U. Mellunkyla; Mariehamn), Sweden (Degeberga), Denmark (Bornholm; Nordsjglland; Sj. Jungshoved; Ebsjorg; Allnye; Adserbo; Stube in Sondbg), England (Dartmoor, SD, Lustleigh; Hants., Hawkley Warren; Whetstone, Hertfordshire; South- ampton; Berks., Windsor Forest; SR, Claygate; H., Bricket Wood), Netherlands (Oostkapelle; Melissant; Oostvoorne; nr. Breda; Heerde (G.); Putten (G.); Meijendel; Castelre; Udenhout; Savelsbos; Tilburg; Assel; Crailo; Venlo; Bergen op Zoom; Gliphoeve; Tegelen; Zundert, De Krochten; Meinweg, Melick & Herkenbosch; Texel, landside dunes nr. Fonteinsnol; St. Pietersberg (ex Crataegus stem); Middelharnis; Naardermeer, Ouddorp; Wijster; Veenhuizen; Herpen; Voorburg; Berghem), West Germany (Annatal nr. Honnef, Siebengeb.; nr. Eichstadt); Czechoslovakia (B. Stiavnica), Austria (Piesting; Leitha Geb.; Donnerskirchen; Innsbruck), Poland (Gdansk), USSR (Tsav, Armenia; MSSR, Benderespsjij; Moldavia, C. Choresji, garden; Jonava, Dukstas), Bulgaria (Rodopi, Nicoloro); France (Baton; Lille Nord; Tours; Paris), and Spain (Santander, Potes; 25 km SW Salou) (RMNH, LH, CVR, BM, CNC, UZM, ITZ, ZMH, ZMB, HC, USNM, ZIL, IZP). Variation: Length of fore wing 4.0—6.8 mm; antennal segments 36—42; dorsal length of eye of 9 1.3—2.1 times temple (1.2—1.6 times in £); length of Ist tergite 2.1—2.4 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.41—0.53 times fore wing; vein cu-a of fore wing antefurcal or interstitial; body colour variable, varies from completely yellowish or brownish to mainly dark brown of blackish. Cocoon whitish. Notes. Known hosts of examined specimens belong to the Pyralidae (Lepidoptera): Acrobasis consociella (Hübner) and R. formosa (?= Salebria formosa Haworth) and to the Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera): Zygaena lonicerae (Esp.). The application of the name chlorophthalmus in the Braconidae has led to a lot of confusion and misinterpretation. The name was first used by Spinola in 1808, but VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 373 the type is lost according to information kindly provided by Prof. Dr. C. Vidano and Dr. P. Passerin d’Entreves. Luckely the original description by Spinola is comparatively clear: the petiolate metasoma, the long ovipositor (about as long as metasoma), vein m-cu of fore wing about interstitial and the size (ca. 7 mm) indicate its synonymy with Zele chrysophthalmus (Nees). Nees (1812: 21) clearly made a mistake by attributing the name chrysophthalmus to Spinola, when no such name was published by Spinola. Probably it was a miswriting of chlorophthalmus but actually he created a new binomen. In 1834 (p. 35) he exacerbated the situation by retaining his chrysophthalmus and misinterpreting chlorophthalmus for a species of Homolobus which differs by e.g., a sessile metasoma. Finally the name chlorophthalmus was misapplied by Haliday for what is now known as Homolobus flagitator (Curtis). Zele picinervis spec. nov. (figs. 811, 825—833) Holotype, 9, length of body and of fore wing both 8.9 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 42, 3rd segment 1.2 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.7 and 3.1 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.0 and 2.3 times their width (fig. 832); length of maxillary palp 1.3 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.7 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriad (fig. 831); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 9: 6: 4; frons weakly concave, mainly smooth; vertex weakly convex, punctulate; face flat, indistinctly punctulate; clypeus strongly convex (fig. 825), punctulate; length of malar space 0.1 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; side of pronotum densely rugulose ventrally and posteriorly, crenulate medially, punctulate dorsally (fig. 825); epicnemial area slightly punctulate-rugulose; precoxal suture widely rugose-punctate, only dorsally narrowly crenulate (fig. 825); metapleural flange large, lamelliform (fig. 825); metapleuron coarsely rugose-reticulate; notauli anteriorly narrowly crenulate, posteriorly widely crenulate-rugose (fig. 811); mesoscutal lobes densely punctulate; scutellum rather strongly convex (fig. 811, 825), without tubercle, mainly smooth; surface of propodeum coarsely carinate, anteriorly with an almost straight transverse carina, medially with a long longitudinal carina, enclosed areas weakly rugose; posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 825). Wings. — Fore wing: r : 3-SR : SRI = 6: 15: Sl; cu-a postfurcal, somewhat inclivous (fig. 827); 1-CUI : 2-CUI = 1 : 22; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 13: 15: 9. Hind wing: r mainly absent; Ir-m weakly curved (fig. 827); length of 1-M 0.8 times cu-a. Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.9, 11.8, and 9.0 times their width, respectively. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.6 times its apical width, its surface smooth, except for some rugulosity behind spiracles (fig. 833); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; laterope and dorsope deep and large (fig. 825, 833); 2nd tergite evenly and densely setose, bare; length of ovipositor sheath 0.24 times fore wing. 374 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Colour. — Brownish-yellow; all trochanters and trochantelli (but apex of hind trochantellus dark brown), base of fore and middle tibiae and tarsi, apex of parastigma and pterostigma, basal quarter of pterostigma, basal two-thirds of hind tibia, its spurs and tarsus, white or nearly so; pterostigma medially, veins I-M, cu- a, CUI, 1-SR+M, 2-SR and r of fore wing, and apical third of hind tibia, dark brown; palpi and wing membrane, slightly infuscated, but surroundings of veins 1- M, 1-CUI and r of fore wing dark brown pigmented (fig. 827); ovipositor sheath dark brown, but apex narrowly yellowish. Holotype in CNC, Ottawa: “Ramsey Cyn., 5000’(ft), 15 mi. S. Sierra Vista, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., Sternitzky, VIII.1968’”, ““Zemiotes n. sp., W.R.M. Mason 72”. Paratypes: (19 and 1¢); 1 g (allotype, CNC), “Mex., Dgo., 24 mi. W. La Cuidad, 7000(ft)”; 1 © (RMNH), “Sn Cristobal, Chis., Mex., 27.VII.69, D. Kritsch”. Variation: Length of fore wing 8.9—11.4 mm; length of ovipositor sheath 0.19—0.24 times fore wing: length of vein 1-M of hind wing 0.8—0.9 times cu-a; length of Ist tergite 2.5—3.2 times its apical width; length of malar space 0.1(9)or 0.2 (4) times its apical width. Zele crassifemur (Muesebeck) comb. nov. (figs. 808, 809, 834— 842) Muesebeck, 1939, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 41: 84 (as Meteorus). Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 63. Mason, 1973, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 75: 214. Holotype, ©, length of body 10.3, of fore wing 9.1 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 43, 3rd segment subequal to 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.0 and 3.1 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.7 and 1.8 times their width; length of maxillary palp 1.1 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 1.8 times temple; temple rounded posteriad, punctulate; dorsal aspect of head rather transverse (fig. 838); POL : 5 ocellus : OOL = 11 : 6 : 7; frons rather flat, rugulose medially and punctate laterally; vertex rather flat, punctulate; face medially convex, densely punctate, rather wide (fig. 842); clypeus convex, punctate; length of malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; side of pronotum crenulate medially, rugulose ventrally and posteriorly; epicnemial area more or less rugose (fig. 834); precoxal suture densely and narrowly rugose-crenulate dorsally, widely and densely punctate medially and ventrally; metapleural flange large, narrowly lamelliform apically; metapleuron almost smooth dorsally, rugose- reticulate ventrally; notauli distinctly crenulate (fig. 808); mesoscutal lobes weakly punctulate; scutellum weakly convex, punctulate; surface of propodeum completely and rather coarsely reticulate, with a long medial carina; posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part of propodeum (fig. 834). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR: SRI = 11 : 21 : 91; cu-a postfurcal in right wing (fig. 836), but subinterstitial in left wing; 1-CUI : 2-CUI of right wing = 2: 45; 2- VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 375 SR : 3-SR : r-m = 28: 21 : 21; vein 2-R1 well developed, longer than r. Hind wing: r shortly developed posteriorly (fig. 836); length of 1-M 0.4 times cu-a. Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.2, 11.5, and 7.4 times their width, respectively. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.3 times its apical width, its surface largely smooth, apical third superficially, longitudinally striate (fig. 839); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; laterope and dorsope deep and large (fig. 834, 839); 2nd tergite smooth and mainly bare; length of ovipositor sheath 0.28 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; ovipositor sheath (except apex) dark brown; apical half of antenna, hind tibia dorso-apically, somewhat infuscated; all tarsi whitish; base of hind tibia and tegulae, whitish-yellow; pterostigma yellowish. Holotype in USNM, Washington: “Wellington Kans(as)”, “E. G. Kelly Collector”, “Experiment 151539”, “Type 53036 U.S.N.M.”, “ Meteorus crassifemur Mues., Type, Det. Muesebeck”. Two paratypes were examined: | 9 from Texas and | 9 from Brookings, S. D., both in USNM. Additional specimens examined: (4 9) from Illinois (Principia College, Elsah, Jersey Co.), North Carolina (Highlands), South Dakota (Brookings, light trap), and Texas (Lost Pines Pk., Bastrop) (CNC, USNM, UZM). Variation: Antennal segments 43—44; length of fore wing 8.8—10.1 times fore wing: length of ovipositor sheath 0.25—0.29 times fore wing; length of hind femur 3.8—4.4 times its width; Ist tergite as well as length of vein 1-M of hind wing, as in holotype. Zele gracilis spec. nov. (figs. 810, 843—852) Holotype, 9, length of body 10.6, of fore wing 9.7 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 49, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 4.4 and 4.2 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 2.5 and 3.0 times their width; length of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.8 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriad (fig. 850); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 13: 11 : 4; frons mainly smooth, concave behind antennal sockets; vertex punctulate, rather flat; face rather flat, punctulate; clypeus convex, punctulate; length of malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.6 times its height; side of pronotum largely coarsely and densely reticulate-punctate, medially crenulate and dorsally punctulate (fig. 843); epicnemial area coarsely punctate; precoxal suture reticulate dorsally, densely ventrally (fig. 843); rest of mesopleuron more or less punctate; metapleural flange large, lamelliform apically (fig. 843); metapleuron coarsely and finely reticulate; notauli rather shallow and narrowly crenulate (fig. 849); mesoscutal lobes densely punctulate; scutellum rather flat, punctulate; surface of propodeum densely and coarsely rugose-reticulate, only anteriorly narrowly almost smooth, medial carina only anteriorly present; posterior part of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 843). 376 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 8: 7: 57; cu-a postfurcal; 1-CUI : 2-CUI = 1 : 22; 2-SR : 3-SR : r-m = 15: 7: 10; 2-R1 absent. Hind wing: r weakly developed; length of 1-M 0.8 times cu-a. Legs. — Hind coxa densely and finely punctate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 7.6, 14.4, and 13.4 times their width, respectively. À Metasoma. — Length of metasoma 4.1 times its apical width, its laterobasal half smooth (fig. 843) and its surface smooth in front of spiracles, convergently striate behind spiracles (fig. 852); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent; laterope and dorsope deep and large (fig. 843, 852); 2nd tergite densely setose, shiny and weakly coriaceous-punctulate (fig. 852); length of ovipositor sheath 0.37 times fore wing. Colour. — Yellowish-brown; stemmaticum, head medio-posteriorly, mesosoma, basal half of hind coxa, dark brown; apex of antenna infuscated; wing membrane light brownish; pterostigma yellowish; palpi, lower half of temples, mandibles, face, fore leg, tegulae, hind tarsus (except base and apex) and Ist tergite in front of spiracles, more or less yellowish-white; pronotum anteriorly and posteriorly, and propodeum ventrally, narrowly brownish. Holotype in CNC, Ottawa: “Nepal, Ktmd., Pulchauki, 7300'(ft), 7—16.VIII. 1967, Mal. Tr., Can. Exp.”. Zele albiditarsus Curtis (figs. 853—876) Curtis, 1832, Br. Ent. 9: 415—4, figs. Curtis, 1832, Br. Ent. 9: 415—3, fig. (Zele testaceator). Syn. nov. Nees, 1834, Hym. Ichn. affin. Mon. 1: 34 (Perilitus albitarsus). Haliday, 1835, Ent. Mag. 3: 24 (Meteorus albitarsis). Wesmael, 1835, Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux. 9: 22 (Perilitus dispar). Wesmael, 1835, id. 9: 26 (Perilitus deceptor). Syn. nov. Curtis, 1837, Guide Br. Insects: 118 (Meteorus calcitrator). Cresson, 1872, Can. Ent. 4: 81 (Perilitus pallitarsis). Syn. nov. Thomson, 1895, Opusc. ent. 20: 2149 (Meteorus (Zemiotes) rufulus). Syn. nov. Muesebeck, 1923, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 63: 13 (Meteorus maximus). Syn. nov. Muesebeck, 1923, id. 63: 14 (Meteorus reticulatus). Syn. nov. Wagner, 1928, Verh. Ver. naturw. Unterh. Hamb. 20: 8. Fahringer, 1930, Ark. Zool. 21A: 8 (Meteorus romani). Syn. nov. Fischer, 1957, Opusc. zool. 3: 3 (Meteorus (Zemiotes) separandus). Syn. nov. Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 51—89. Shenefelt, 1970, id. 5(2): 226. Capek, 1970, Can. Ent. 102(7): 848. Fischer, 1970, Wiss. Arbeiten Bgld. 44: 258, 275—277, fig. 6. Tobias, 1971, Tr. Vsesoyuzn. ent. Obshch. 54: 222—224. Capek, 1972, Ent. Problemy 10: 133, 138. Mason, 1973, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 75: 214. Papp, 1973, Acta Mus. Mac. Sc. nat. 14: 3. Jakimavicius, 1974, Tr. AN Lit. SSR B2(66): 97. Gauld & Huddleston, 1976, Entomologist’s Gaz. 27: 43, fig. 19. Van Achterberg, 1976b, Tijdschr. Ent. 119: figs. 107, 111. Tobias, 1976, Opr. Fauna SSSR 110: 113, figs. 33: 16. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 377 Zele albiditarsus f. deceptor (Wesmael) comb. nov. (figs. 853— 864) Lectotype, 9, length of body 7.5, of fore wing 6.8 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 34, but apical segments missing, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.6 and 3.2 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.5 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 2.2 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriad (fig. 863); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 10: 6: 2; frons smooth, weakly concave; vertex weakly convex, punctulate; face rather flat, indistinctly punctulate; clypeus strongly convex, weakly punctate (figs. 853, 862); length of malar space 0.3 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; side of pronotum punctate-reticulate ventrally and posteriorly, crenulate medially, and mainly smooth dorsally (fig. 853); epicnemial area rugose-reticulate dorsally, narrowly crenulate anteriorly; precoxal suture crenulate dorsally, coarsely punctate- reticulate ventrally (fig. 853); rest of mesopleuron punctulate; metapleural flange large, lamelliform apically; metapleuron reticulate; notauli distinctly crenulate (fig. 861); mesoscutal lobes punctulate; scutellum weakly convex and weakly punctulate; surface of propodeum remotely and coarsely reticulate, medial carina irregular, long (fig. 864); posterior surface of propodeum not separated from antero-dorsal part (fig. 853). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 5: 11: 42; cu-a straight, postfurcal; 1-CU1 :2-CUl = 2: 21; 2-SR : 3-SR: r-m = 14: 11 : 8; 2-R1 short (fig. 855). Hind wing: r mainly absent; length of 1-M 0.6 times cu-a. Legs. — Hind coxa punctulate; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 7.1, 13.8 and 12.2 times their width, respectively. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.5 times its apical width, its surface smooth in front of spiracles, longitudinally striate behind spiracles, only medially almost smooth (fig. 864); dorsal carinae of Ist tergite absent, except for a short basal remnant; laterope and dorsope large and deep (figs. 853, 864); 2nd tergite mainly bare and smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.27 times fore wing. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; antenna apically and ovipositor sheath (except its tip), somewhat darkened. Lectotype in KBIN, Brussels: “Coll. Wesmael”, “1774”, “Perilitus deceptor mihi, g 9, det. C. Wesmael”, “Type”. Lectotype here selected, and labelled accordingly. There are two 9 paralectotypes, both heavily damaged and two, rather dark Z paralectotypes. The holotype of Meteorus reticulatus Muesebeck, 1923 (9, USNM, “Mt. Wash’n”, “58”, “collection Ashmead”, ‘“Meteorus areolatus Ash., 9, type (MS- name), “Type No. 24967 U.S.N.M.”, ““Meteorus reticulatus Mues., Type”) is a typical deceptor. The holotype of Meteorus separandus Fischer, 1957 (8, ZSB, “Holotypus”, “8/ 440”, “Staatssamml. München, München, Pusing, 11.6.1884, leg. J. Kriech- baumer”, ““Meteorus separandus n. sp. det. Fischer, Holotype’’) is only a melanistic 378 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 specimen of albiditarsus, of which the males are usually darker than the females. Additional specimens examined: 180 9 and 93 Z. From the Nearctic region: Alaska (Gulkana Gla., from snowfield (!)), Yukon Territory (Dawson, 1100 ft), British Columbia (Andalis Cr.; Hazelton; St. Croix; 15 mi. Beatton R.; Green R.; Lakevale, Kettlevalley; Lac le Jeune; Duck Range; Lower Nicola; Kimberley; Mt. Thornhill, nr. Terrace, 700 ft; Green Inlet; Knouff L.; Jesmand; Field; mi. 103 Cariboe Hwy.; Bostock Cv.), Quebec (Parke Reserve, Kam. Co.; Covey Hill; Sept Iles: Lac Mondor, Ste Flore; Sinclair Mills; Mara; Spiller Chl.), Ontario (Gogama; Nakina; Glomcoe; Hearst; Port Arthur; Kapuskasang; Black Sturgeon Lake), Alberta (Miette Springs Rd.; Poeahontas; Hargwen; Slave L.; Jasper), Saskatchewan (Prince Albert), New Brunswick (Restigouche Co.), Nova Scotia (Truemanville, Cumberland Co.), Wisconsin (Illakee, Vitsap Co.; Trout L.), South Dakota (2 mi. S. Sylvan L., Black Hills), Virginia (Mt. Washington), Oregon (Milton Freewater; Saddleback Mt., Lincoln Co.), Utah (Aspen Grove Camp, Mt. Timpanogos, Utah Co., 6800 ft), Idaho (Cronwall), New Hampshire (Hanover; Durham), and California (Cisco). From the Palaearctic region: Finland (Tvarmine; Perna; Norv. b. Skiervö; Lemland; Carelia or., Soutjärva), Sweden (Lapland; Höör, Skane), Denmark (Ems; Sonderburg; Allerup; Sondbg; Dyrhavn), West Germany (Fuss Hohen Acht, Eiffel; Jungfernhardt, Siebengeb.; Vorgebirge, Kottenforst; Fuss Lohrberg im Siebengeb.; Mainz; Ennert nr. Beuel; Tiergarten N. Blankenheim, Eifel; München, Pusing; Bramwald, Nd. Sachsen; Hedemünden; Wiesen, Spessart; Tremalzo, Voralpen, 1300 m; Hochstadt, Obb.; Bergen, 600 m, Bayr. Alpen; Grainbach, Obbay., 700 m; Reither Alm, 1100 m; Heidelberg; Ziegenhagen, Hessen; Eberschütz, id.), England (Epping Forest, Essex; Spratton, Northants. ; Isle of Rhum, Kimloch; Oxon; Goring Heath; Sherwood, NM), Scotland (Aviemore; Invern., Tollochmoor; NS., Inchnadamph), Ireland (Killykeen), Netherlands (Oostkapelle; Putten (G.); Woold; Overveen; Bentveld; Lienden; Velzen; Wijster; Rijs (Fr.); Meinweg, nr. Herkenbosch; Nunspeet; Meijendel, dunes; Rockanje, Stekelhoekduin; Oostvoorne; Drijber; Haamstede; Wapenveld; Rijsbergen; Schayk; Waarder; Wageningen, Wageningse berg; Assel; Crailo; Naardermeer; Muiderberg; Otterlo; Venlo; Heerde (G.); Asperen; Loenen; Melissant), Belgium (Lk., Stavelot), France (La Bégude de Mazenc, Drome; Saumane de Vaucluse), Switzerland (Wallis, Unterbach, 1500 m), Austria (Hofgastein, Schossalm, 2000—2150 m; Semmeringgeb., Reichenau dist, Salzburg, Judenbergalm; Rainberg, Steinbruch, Salzburg; Söllheim, Autobahn nr. Salzburg; Innsbruck; Gneisermoor, Salzburg; Aschbach, 1400 m, Tirol), Czechoslovakia (Prachatitz, Bohemia); USSR (Sveneioniy, Lit. SSR; Kazachstan, Karagandinsk), Bulgaria (Rodopi, Velinograd), and Italy (Campi, Riva s. Garda, 800 m; id., 220 m) (CAS, ZMH, UZM, RMNH, ITZ, CNC, ZC, ZSB, HC, ZIL, IZP). Variation: Length of fore wing 4.5—8.3 mm; antennal segments 32—43; vein cu- a of fore wing postfurcal or seldom interstitial; length of hind femur 5.1—6.4 times its width; length of Ist tergite 2.1—2.5 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.26—0.32 times fore wing; length of vein 1-M of hind wing 0.5—0.8 times VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 379 vein cu-a; hind tarsus yellowish, brownish, or infuscated. Silken cocoon rather tough, dense and whitish or brownish. Known hosts of examined specimens belong to the Geometridae (Lepidoptera): Semiothisa sexmaculata (Packard), S. granitata (Guenée), S. unipunctaria perplexa (McDunnough), Rheumaptera hastata (L.), Enypia moilietti (2), Eupithecia pseudotsugata MacK., Nyctobia nigroangulata Strecker, and Hydriomena furcata (Thunberg); to the Noctuidae (Anarta myrtilli (L.)), Saturniidae (Antheraea polyphemus Cramer on Quercus macrocarpa), and Tortricidae (Acleris variana (Fernald)). The latter host especially needs to be confirmed. Zele albiditarsus f. pallitarsis (Cresson) comb. nov. (figs. 865—876) Holotype, &, length of body 6.6, of fore wing 5.6 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 43; length of maxillary palp 1.4 times height of head; dorsal length of eye 1.3 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriad (fig. 866); POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 9: 5: 7; length of malar space 0.7 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; sculpture of mesosoma as in forma deceptor (fig. 865). Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 4: 10: 43; 1-CUI : 2-CUI = 1 : 22; 2-SR: 3-SR : r-m = 14: 10: 9. Hind wing: short remnant of r present; length of 1-M 0.95 times cu-a. Legs. — Length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.9, 12.2, and 8.8 times their width, respectively. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.4 times its apical width, its surface smooth in front of spiracles, superficially punctate-rugose posteriorly (fig. 876); 2nd tergite mainly bare and smooth. Colour. — Brownish-yellow; pterostigma brown; hind tibia infuscated apically; palpi, two basal segments of hind tarsus, whitish, rest of hind tarsus mainly yellowish. Holotype in ANSP, Philadelphia: “N.J.”?, “Type No. 1767”, “Perilitus pallitarsis Cress.”. Essentially as deceptor, but vein 1-M longer and hind tarsus more whitish basally. Additional specimens examined: 24 9 and 21 g. From the Nearctic region: Yukon Territory (Dawson), Newfoundland (South Branch), Michigan (Ann Arbor; Lake Odessa), Ontario (Rondeau Park; St. Pelee; Florence; Aylmer West), Quebec (Hull), Alberta (14 km N. Sundre), New York (Orient, L.I.; Ithaca), Oregon (Bedford; Hinckley), Virginia (Rosslyn), Pennsylvania (Germantown; Grantville, Dauphin Co.), Maryland (Cabin John), New Jersey (Moorestown), Maine (Bar Harbor), and Mexico (Dgo., 30 mi. W. La Cuidad, 6500 ft; Sin., 4.5 mi. W. EI Palmito, 6500 ft), and from the Palaearctic region: Denmark (Sondbg.) (CNC, UZM, USNM, RMNH). One specimen was reared from Semiothisa sexmaculata (Packard) (Geometridae). Variation: Length of fore wing 4.6—6.2 mm; antennal segments 39—43; length of vein 1-M of hind wing 0.9—1.3 times vein cu-a of hind wing: length of Ist tergite 380 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 2.2—2.4 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.24—0.32 times fore wing; length of hind femur 5.9—6.6 times its width; hind tibia, pterostigma and antenna of male usually infuscated or dark brown. Zele albiditarsus f. albiditarsus Curtis comb. nov. Holotype, & (from Regent's Park, England (NMV)) not examined, but the original description, especially the remark on the coloration and the figures given by Curtis are clear enough to enable a correct identification of the species. The lectotype of Zele testaceator Curtis on examination proved to be the © of albiditarsus; the following redescription is based on this lectotype of testaceator. Length of body 8.8, of fore wing 8.9 mm. Head. — Antennal segments 46, 3rd segment 1.1 times 4th segment, length of 3rd and 4th segments 3.4 and 3.0 times their width, respectively, length of both penultimate segments 1.8 and 2.0 times their width; length of maxillary palp subequal to height of head; dorsal length of eye 1.7 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriad; POL : @ ocellus : OOL = 13: 10: 7; frons concave, somewhat rugose near antennal sockets; vertex smooth and rather convex; length of malar space 0.3 times basal width of mandible. Mesosoma. — Length of mesosoma 1.2 times its height; sculpture of mesosoma as in deceptor. Wings. — Fore wing: r: 3-SR : SRI = 10: 26: 124; cu-a interstitial; 2-SR : 3-SR: r-m = 31:26:21; 2-RI short. Hind wing: r present; 1-M much shorter than cu-a. Legs. — Length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 6.1, 11.0, and 9.3 times their width, respectively. Metasoma. — Length of Ist tergite 2.0 times its apical width, anterior half very finely rugulose, basal half almost smooth; 2nd tergite mainly bare and smooth; length of ovipositor sheath 0.25 times fore wing. Colour. — Yellowish-brown; surroundings of ocelli and ovipositor sheath (except tip), dark brown; pterostigma yellowish; hind tarsus yellowish-white. Lectotype in NMV, Melbourne: “Coomb, 25 July” (old handwritten label, refers to the type-locality Coomb Wood, England), “Type”, “3.testaceator Type, ©, = 3.albiditarsus 3, G. Nixon, det. 1948”. This specimen is selected as lectotype, because Curtis mentioned a second locality (viz., Regent’s Park), and is labelled accordingly. The lectotype of Perilitus dispar Wesmael, 1835, is here selected, and labelled accordingly; it is the only well-preserved female of the type-series of dispar: “Coll. Wesmael”, “1742”, “Perilitus dispar mihi & 9, det. C. Wesmael”, “Type”. Four additional paralectotypes examined: 1 9 and 34 with the same labels. Despite the small differences given by Wesmael (which are mainly due to the less accurate description of Nees) dispar is a junior synonym of Perilitus albitarsus Nees, 1834, while both are junior synonyms of albiditarsus. The holotype of Meteorus maximus Muesebeck, 1923 (9, USNM, “Coll”, “Am. Ent. Soc. Collection”, ‘“Zemiotes coloradensis Ashm., 9” (MS-name), “Type No. VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 381 24966 U.S.N.M.”, ““Meteorus maximus Mues., Type”) is a typical albiditarsus. The lectotype of Meteorus rufulus Thomson, 1895 (3, ZIL, “p”’, “1977, 37”) is herewith selected, and labelled accordingly. Length of fore wing 7.5 mm; hind tarsus largely whitish, basally and apically yellowish; vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial; length of Ist tergite 2.1 times its apical width, and length of hind femur 6.7 times its width. There is one paralectotype (¢, ZIL, “rufulus”, “1977, 36”), which is also not essentially different from albiditarsus. The lectotype of Meteorus romani Fahringer, 1930 (9, NR, “Kamtschatka, Malaise”, “1231”, “Type”, “Meteorus Romani n. sp. prope tabidus” (in Fahringer’s handwriting), “Holotype of Meteorus (Zemiotes) romani Fahr., det. T. Huddleston, 1976”, ‘403, 77”. “Riksmuseum Stockholm”) is here selected, and labelled accordingly. Body mainly dark brown, but eye margins mainly, antennal sockets, clypeus, mandibles, and metasoma ventro-apically, brownish; palpi and apex of ovipositor sheath, whitish-yellow; legs largely yellowish, coxae dark brown, hind femur and tibia apically brownish tinged, and hind tarsus mainly whitish; vein r of hind wing absent; length of fore wing 6.7 mm; dorsal length of eye 2.4 times temple; length of vein 1-M of hind wing 0.3 times cu-a; length of ovipositor sheath 0.21 times fore wing. A melanistic specimen of albiditarsus, comparable with the type of Meteorus separandus Fischer, but hind tarsus mainly whitish. There is one paralectotype (&, NR, topotypic): length of fore wing 5.4 mm; hind tarsus whitish- yellow; hind femur more dark brown than in female; dorsal length of eye 1.3 times temple; length of vein 1-M of hind wing 0.85 times vein cu-a. Additional specimens examined: 292 © and 216 &. From the Nearctic region: Alaska (Mile, Elliott Hwy), Yukon Territory (Dawson, 1000 ft), Manitoba (Lac du Bonnet), Ontario (Pt. Pelee; Rondeau Park; Florence), New Brunswick (St. Andrew), Newfoundland (South Branch), Michigan (Gull Lake Bio. Sta., Kalamazoo Co.), New York (Orient, L.I.; Green Co., 2500 ft; Greenport; Cranberry L.), New Jersey (Ocean View, Cape May Co.), Maine (SW. Harbor), Maryland (Patuxent Ref., Cabin John), Virginia (Mountain L.), North Carolina (Highlands; Tryon), South Carolina (Clemson), Georgia (Raban Bald; Athens), Pennsylvania (Roxborough), Oregon (Saddleback Mt., Lincoln Co.), California (Camino), and Mexico (Dgo., 9000 ft, 10 mi. W. El Salto) (CNC, MSU, RMNH, UCA, USNM). From the Palaearctic region: Finland (Taivassalo; Eckerö; Jomaba), Sweden (Sk., Dalby), Denmark (Kirksby; Adserbo; Roden-Skov, Lolland; Dyrehavn; Wittenberge; Hus, Westgylland; Kége), West Germany (Dollendorfer Hardt im Siebengeb.; Kiel; Lowenberg, Siebengeb.; Mayschoss, mittl Ahr, nr. Bonn; Hirschwaihar im Kottenforst; Katzenlochsbachtal, nr. Bonn; Lohrberg im Siebengeb.; Geisenheim; Adenau-Hohe, Acht, Eiffel; Steinbach-Talsperre, 7 km S. Euskirchen, Rhld; Röndorfer Tal; Mühltal, nr. München; Hochstatt, nr. Rosenheim: Mittenwald, Hasel-Lähne, ca. 1700—1900 m; Seierskopf, nr. Mittenwald, ca. 1000 m; Riedbergstharte, ca. 1500 m; Titisee, Schwarzwald; Spessart, nr. Lochmühle; Hedemünden; Obbayern, nr. Gauting), East Germany (Thüringen; Berlin), USSR (K. Merija, Nida; Varenosz, Merkini, Susviesa; Kazakhstan, Balkarija; Georgiansk, Absjaro-Imerinsk, 10 km Bachmaro), 382 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 England (Herts., Arkley), Netherlands (Putten (G.); Heerde (G.); Ulvenhout; Rijs (Fr.); Muiderberg; Melissant; Oostvoorne; Driebergen; Breda; Ameland, | kmS. Ballum: id., Nesserbosch, 1 km NE. Nes; Zundert, De Krochten; Amsterdamse Duinwaterleiding, nr. Vogelenzang; Loenen (G.); Meinweg, nr. Herkenbosch; Mon (Z.L.); Vijlen; St. Pietersberg; Bergen; Bergerbosch; Molenven (nr. Oisterwijk?); Vaals; Den Haag; Delft; ’s-Graveland; Baarle-Nassau; Tegelen, De Holtmühle; Noordwijkerhout, Nieuw Leeuwenhorst; Stein; Hilversum; Ame- rongen; Nagele; Woold; Eerde; Garderen; Epen; Oldenzaal; Haarlemmerhout; Bussum; Beetsterzwaag; Oegstgeest, Oud-Poelgeest; Soest; Waarder; Winters- wijk; Schayk; Vessem; Oploo; Venlo; Crailo; Nunspeet; Weesp; Asperen; Naar- dermeer; Assel; Drijber; Botshol; Bredevoort; Overveen; Ede (G.); De Steeg; Winterswijk; Wijster; Weert; Drunen; Keperbosch (Z.L.); Bergen op Zoom; Meijendel, dunes; Castelre), Belgium (Lk., Stavelot; Hautes Fagnes, Mt. Rigi, 670 m; Virton, 230 m), Austria (Leitha Geb., Donnerskirchen; Tirol, Aschbach, 1400 m; Piesting; Wien; Judenbergalm, Salzburg; id., Sam-Moos; id., Wallersee; id., Kasern; Riedegg nr. Gallneukirchen), Switzerland (Wallis), Italy (Monte Lessini, Pr. Verona, S. Rocco, 300 m), France (Pyr. or., Perpignan), Poland (Wroclaw; Gdansk), Czechoslovakia (B. Stiavnica, Slov.), China (Beh Luh Din, 30 mi N. Chengtu, Szechuan; 30 mi. N. Tatsienlu, 12000 ft, Szechuan; Mt. Omei, 6000— 7500 ft, Szechuan), Japan (Nagano, 400 m; Mt. Takao, 600 m, Tokyo; Kiyose, Tokyo; Nippara, Tokyo; Mt. Asama, Nagano), Nepal (Ktmd., Godavari, 6000 ft; nr. Ktmd., Gulubhanjyang, 7500—8500 ft, pastures; Ktmd., Pulchauki, 8000 ft; 11100 ft, 27°58’N, 85°00’E; 9900 ft, 28°00’N, 85°00’E), Birma (N.E. Birma, Kambaiti, 2000 m), and India (Kalatop, 2438 m, H. P.; Dalhousie, 2133 m, H. P.; Ahla, 2286 m, H. P.) (WHC, CNC, DZD, CVR, LH, RMNH, ITZ, ZMH, IZP, ZMB, UZM, USNM, BM, HC, ZI). Variation: Length of fore wing 4.3—11.1 mm; antennal segments 37—50; length of vein 1-M of hind wing 0.3—0.8 times vein cu-a; length of hind femur 5.9—7.1 times its width; length of Ist tergite 1.6—2.8 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.19—0.33 times fore wing; hind tarsus white or whitish-yellow, lighter coloured than middle of hind femur; vein r of hind wing more or less developed or completely absent; specimens from China have mesoscutum and mesopleuron punctate or punctulate, but vertex at most punctulate; male has apical 0.7 of hind tibia more or less infuscated; melanistic specimens of both sexes with dark brown pterostigma, infuscated legs and body or mainly blackish body occur rather frequently; vein cu-a of fore wing postfurcal or interstitial, exceptionally antefurcal; frons and Ist tergite sculptured or almost smooth; temples of male sometimes somewhat swollen; tough silken cocoon rather greyish or almost whitish. Known hostst of examined specimens belong to the Geometridae (Rheumaptera hastata (L.), Macaria notata (L.)), and Noctuidae (Hypena proboscidalis (L.), Zale spec.). Notes. There has been a great deal of confusion about the identity of testaceator, the type-species of the genus Zele. Up till now it has been confused with Homolobus (Phylacter) annulicornis (Nees). This is surprising because Curtis figured VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 383 the metasoma (fig. 415—416) with a clearly visible laterope, far removed from the base of the tergite. This may have been overlooked because Curtis did not state explicitly that the figure was made after testaceator. But he explicitly stated the presence of the vein r of the hind wing for both albiditarsus and testaceator. This vein is always absent in Homolobus annulicornis (Nees). In my opinion Curtis was misled by the rather pronounced sexual dimorphism in albiditarsus; actually he named the dark male albiditarsus and the yellowish female testaceator. Already Reinhard (in Ruthe, 1862: 2) indicated the possible synonymy of testaceator and albitarsus (Nees). Additionally Bengtsson (1918: 29—32) proved that testaceator has to be a synonym of albiditarsus, without the examination of the types. Curiously he was not followed by later authors; unfortunately Bengtsson made the wrong choice for the replacement name of Zele auct., viz., Phylacter Reinhard, 1863, instead of Homolobus Foerster, 1862. The variability in size and colour is very large in albiditarsus. This has led a large number of entomologists to naming forms structurally not or only slightly different from the nominate form. Actually on the basis of colour two main groups may be formed. The first group with more or less whitish hind tarsus includes the synonyms: testaceator, albitarsus, dispar, calcitrator, pallitarsis, rufulus, maximus, and romani (the last mentioned being the melanistic form). The second has the hind tarsus more or less brownish or yellowish and includes the synonyms deceptor, reticulatus, and separandus (the last mentioned being the melanistic form of this group). The body colour varies from completely yellowish to completely blackish; the latter colour is very common in Nepal. The males are usually more infuscated than the females. I have tried hard to split up the complex, but all efforts were unsuccessful. For instance, the shape of the mesoscutum anteriorly, the length of the fore wing, the number of antennal segments and the index of the length of vein 1-M and vein cu-a of hind wing could not be reliably applied. Also the hosts of the various forms are, at least partly, the same; the difference in size of the hosts may account for the more than 100% difference in size between small and large specimens; smaller specimens have also smaller numbers of antennal segments. However, large difference in size is a not uncommon phenomenon among the parasitic Hymenoptera if various host-species are attacked which differ considerably in size. EXCLUDED SPECIES Austrozele assamensis (Cameron) comb. nov. Cameron, 1910, Tijdschr. Ent. 53: 53 (as Zele). Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 153. This species will be treated in a proposed revision of the Macrocentrinae. Macrocentrus bengtssoni (Fahringer) comb. nov. Fahringer, 1930, Ark. Zool. 21A(8): 5 (as Phylacter). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 221. 384 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 The illustrated redescription will be published in a revision of the Macro- centrinae. Meteorus brunnipes Ruthe Ruthe, 1862, Berl. ent. Z. 6: 37. Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 55. Fischer, 1970, Wiss. Arbeiten Bgld. 44: 275. Fischer (1970: 275) has given brunnipes as a synonym of his Meteorus deceptor (Wesmael) without giving a justification of this synonymy. Fortunately Mr. T. Huddleston (London), who examined the lectotype, kindly informed me that this species is a true Meteorus and is not related to deceptor. Meteorus dubius Ruthe Ruthe, 1862, Berl. ent. Z. 6: 27, 28. Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 65. Fischer, 1970, Wiss. Arbeiten Bgld. 44: 258. Fischer (1970: 258), in his key to the Meteorus species, has given dubius as a synonym of Zele caligatus (Haliday), without any additional information. Again Mr. T. Huddleston was kind enough to inform me (after examination of the holotype) that dubius is not closely related to caligatus, and has to be referred to the genus Meteorus s.s. Macrocentrus dubius (Wesmael) comb. nov. Wesmael, 1835, Nouv. Mém. Acad. Brux. 9: 168 (as Eubadizon). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 223. Traditionally this species is considered to be related to Charmon extensor (L.), but examination of the holotype revealed its true nature. The illustrated redescription will be published in a revision of the Macrocentrinae. Austrozele filicornis (Cameron) comb. nov. Cameron, 1903, J. Straits Brch R. Asiat. Soc. 39: 128 (as Zele). Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 153. See note under Austrozele assamensis (Cameron). Eubazus longicaudus (Curtis) comb. nov. Curtis, 1832, Br. Ent. 9: 415—10 (as Zele longicauda). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. 5(2): 224. The examination of the holotype (NMV, Melbourne, which is not a lectotype as suggested by Shenefelt (1970: 224), because there is only one type-specimen in the VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 385 Curtis Collection and Curtis did not indicate that he had more than one specimen at hand) reveals that it belongs to the genus Eubazus Nees (Helconinae, Brachistini). However, there it becomes the senior homonym of Eubazus longicaudis (Ratzeburg, 1844). Therefore, I have to rename E. longicaudis (Ratzeburg, 1844). I call it E. denticulatus nom. nov., because of its small clypeal tooth. Austrozele maculiceps (Cameron) comb. nov. Cameron, 1912, Annls Soc. ent. Belg. 56: 372 (as Zele). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 224. Examination of the holotype (MAC, Tervuren) shows its relationship to the Macrocentrinae and particularly the genus Austrozele Roman. It will be dealt with in a revision of the Macrocentrinae. Hymenochaonia melanonotus (Cameron) comb. nov. Cameron, 1911, Timehri 1: 317 (as Zele). Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 225. Examination of the holotype (BM, London) reveals that it belongs to the genus Hymenochaonia Dalla Torre and it will be dealt with in a revision of the subfamily Macrocentrinae. Phylax nigricornis Walker Walker, 1871, List Hym. Egypt. Arab.: 5. Shenefelt, 1970, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 5(2): 225. Repeatedly Mr. T. Huddleston has searched, without success, for the type of nigricornis, while it should be in BM, London. Therefore the type is considered to be lost. Unfortunately the original description is too vague to be certain about its identity. The colour of the hind leg and antenna exclude it from the known Afrotropical and South Palaearctic species of Homolobus. If the note about the “thick” antenna is taken not too literally and if Austrozele longipes (Holmgren) occurs in Eritrea (where Phylax nigricornis was captured), it may well be this species which belongs to the Macrocentrinae. Until more is known about the fauna of Eritrea, the synonymy of nigricornis with longipes remains uncertain. The interpretation by Szepligeti of nigricornis is incorrect and refers to several species ofthe subgenus Apatia of the genus Homolobus. Meteorus pallidus (Nees) Nees, (1811)1812, Mag. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 5: 22 (as Bracon). Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 84. Fischer, 1970, Wiss. Arbeiten Bgld. 44: 258. 386 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Fischer (1970: 258) has added M. pallidus (Nees) to his Zemiotes section, in this paper treated as the genus Zele Curtis. But Nees stated explicitly that the Ist tergite of metasoma has the dorsope absent (‘“abdominus segmentum petiolare elongato-obconicum, punctulatum, nec sulcatum;….”), while all Palaearctic species of Zele have large and easily visible dorsope (or sulcate petiolar segment in the words of Nees). Another indication of the misinterpretation of pallidus is the sculpture of the Ist tergite; in pallidus sensu Fischer it is striate or rugose, while Nees calls it punctulate. Therefore I exclude pallidus from Zele Curtis and include it in Meteorus Haliday s.s. This leaves pallidus sensu Fischer without a name, but in my opinion it is only a rather robust form of Zele albiditarsus Curtis. Zele somaliensis Szépligeti Szépligeti, 1914, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl. 7: 223. Shenefelt, 1969, Hym. Cat. (nov. ed.) 4(1): 170. Examination of the holotype (ZMB, Berlin) reveals its relationship to a new genus near Austrozele in the Macrocentrinae. The illustrated redescription will be published in a revision of the Macrocentrinae. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To the following persons I am much indebted for the loan of types, for providing valuable information and/or for gifts of unidentified specimens (the abbreviations used for the collections are given in brackets): Mr. B. van Aartsen, 't Harde; Dr. P. Alayo D., Habana (PAC); Dr. P. H. Arnaud, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (CAS); Dr. J. G. Betrem, Deventer; Dr. G. W. Byers, Snow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence (SEM); Mrs. J. Cardale, CSIRO, Canberra City (CSIRO); Mr. P. A. Clancey, Durban Museum and Art Gallery, Durban; Dr. J. P. O'Connor, National Museum of Ireland (NMI); Dr. R. Danielsson, Zoological Institute, Lund (ZIL); Dr. J. Decelle, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren (MAC); Dr. P. Dessart, Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Brussel (KBIN); Mr. E. H. Diller, Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates, München (ZSB); Dr. T. van Dijk, Wijster; Mrs. M. Favreau, American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH), Prof. Dr. R. Fischer, Michigan State University, East Lansing (MSU); Dr. I. D. Gauld, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London; Mr. C. Gielis, Vlaardingen; Mr. M. J. Gijswijt, Ankeveen; Dr. H. N. Greenbaum, Gainesville, Florida; Prof. Dr. W. Hackman, Zological Museum of the University of Helsinki, Helsinki (ZMH); Dr. E. Haeselbarth, Institut für angewandte Zoologie, München (HC); Dr. K. J. Hedqvist, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm (NR); Dr. W. Hellén, Helsinki (WHC); Mr. T. Huddleston, British Museum (Natural History), London (BM); Mr. K. J. Huisman, Melissant; Prof. Dr. V. K. Gupta, Dept. of Zoology, Delhi (DZD); Dr. A. Jakimaviëius, Institute of Zoology and Parasitology, Akademia NAUK Lit. SSSR, Vilnius (IZP); Mlle Dr. S. Kelner- Pillault & Mr. B. Sigwalt, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 387 Dr. E. Kierych, Instytut zoologii PAN, Warszawa (PAN); Dr. E. Königsmann, Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin (ZMB); Mr. D. van der Laan, Oostvoorne; Br. V. Lefeber. Maastricht; Dr. P. M. Marsh, Systematic Entomology Lab., USDA, U.S. National Museum, Washington (USNM); Dr. W. R. M. Mason, Biosystematics Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Research Branch, Ottawa (CNC); Prof. Dr. G. Morge & Dr. J. Oehlke, Institut für Pflanzenschutzforschung Kleinmachnow, Eberswalde (IPK); Mr. T. Munk, Vejle; Dr. A. Neboiss, National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne (NMV); Mr. G. M. Nishida, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu (BPBM); Dr. D. Otte, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (ANSP); Mr. P. Oosterbroek, Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie, Amsterdam (ITZ); Dr. S. J. van Ooststroom, Oegstgeest; Dr. J. Papp, Zoological Dept. of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (TMA); Prof. Dr. L. L. Pechuman, Cornell University, Ithaca (CU); Dr. E. C. Pelham-Clinton, Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh (RSM); Dr. B. Petersen, Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Kob enhavn (UZM); Mr. G. van Rossem, Plantenziektekundige Dienst, Wageningen (CVR); Mr. J. Scoble, Transvaal Museum, Pretoria (TMP); Dr. M. Sheehan, University of Connecticut, Storrs (UC); Drs. M. Suwa & C. Watanabe, Entomological Institute, Sapporo (EI); Mr. H. Teunissen, Oss; Dr. V. I. Tobias, Zoological Institute, Akademia NAUK SSSR, Leningrad (ZI); Dr. H. K. Townes, American Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor (TC); Prof. Dr. J. van der Vecht, Putten; Prof. Dr. C. Vidano & Dr. P. Passerin d’Entréves, Museo ed Istituto di Zoologia sistematica, Torino (MIZ); Prof. Dr. A. Willink, Instituto Fundacion Miguel Lillo, Tucuman (IML); Dr. R. Wharton, Somerset, California; Dr. H. Wolda, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa; Mr. J. B. Wolschrijn, Heerde; Mr. A. P. M. van der Zon, Jakarta; Mr. C. J. Zwakhals, Arkel; Mr. K. W. R. Zwart, Landbouw Hogeschool, Wageningen (LH); (RMNH) = Ryksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden. Additionally I wish to thank Mr. T. Huddleston (London) for his invaluable help, Mr. C. van Heijningen and Mr. J. Sloos for their useful technical assistance. LITERATURE For references not included, see Shenefelt, 1965. Achterberg, C. van, 1974a. 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Affinities between West Palaearctic and Ethiopian butterfly faunas. — Tijdschr. Ent. 119: 165—215. Kabasinskaite, M. & A. B. Jakimaviëius, 1973. The pests of fruit-trees in the Lithuanian SSR and their parasites. — Acta ent. Lituanica 2: 75—90. Königsmann, E., 1976. Das phylogenetische System der Hymeoptera/Teil |: Einführung, Grundplan- merkmale, Schwestergruppe, und Fossilfunde. — Dtsch. Ent. Z. (N.F.) 23: 253—279, figs. 1—4. — , 1977. Id. Teil 2: ‘“Symphyta”. — Dtsch. Ent. Z. (N.F.) 24: 1—40, figs. 1—6. ———., 1978. Id. Teil 3: “Terebrantes” (Unterordnung Apocrita). — Dtsch. Ent. Z. (N.F.) 25: 1—55, figs. 1—7. Marsh, P. M., 1971. Keys to the Nearctic genera of the families Braconidae, Aphidiidae and Hybrizon- tidae (Hym.). — Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 64: 841—850, figs. I—11. Mason, W. R. M,, 1973. Recognition of Zemiotes (Hym., Braconidae). — Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 75(2): 213—215. ———., 1974. A generic synopsis of Brachistini (Hym., Braconidae) and recognition of the name Char- mon Haliday. — Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 76(3): 235—246, figs. 1,2. Michener, C. D., 1944. Comparative external morphology, phylogeny, and a classification of the bees (Hym.). — Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 82: 151—326, figs. 1—246. Muesebeck, C. F. W. & L. M. Walkley, 1951. Braconidae. In: C. F. W. Muesebeck, K. V. Krombein & H. K. Townes. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic Catalog. — Agriculture Monograph 2: 90—184. Washington. Nees von Esenbeck, C. G., 1812. Ichneumonides adsciti, in genera et familias divisi. — Mag. Ges. Na- turf. Fr. Berlin 5: 3—37. ——, 1834. Hymenopterorum Ichneumonibus affinium monographiae, genera Europaea et species illustrantes 1: 1—320. — Cottae, Stuttgartiae et Tubingae. Nixon, G. E. J., 1938. Notes on the taxonomy and synonymy of Zele Curtis and Macrocentrus Curtis VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 389 (Hym., Braconidae). — Bull. ent. Res. 29: 415—424. 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D., 1965. A contribution towards knowledge of the world literature regarding Braconidae (Hym., Braconidae). — Beitr. Ent. 15(3—4): 243—500. — _, 1969. Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nov. ed.). Part 4. Braconidae 1: 1—176. — Junk, 's-Gra- venhage. , 1970. Id. Part 5. Braconidae 2: 177—306. — Junk, ’s-Gravenhage. Sigwalt, B., 1977. La nomenclature alaire de Comstock-Needham dans l’étude des Braconides: distinc- tion des genres Phanerotoma et Phanerotomella (Hym., Braconidae, Cheloninae). — Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (N.S.) 13(3): 525—534, figs. 1 —6. Tobias, V. I., 1971. Review of the Braconidae (Hym.) of the USSR. — Tr. Vsesoyuzn. ent. Obshch. 54: 156—268, figs. I—112 (Russian). —, 1976. Braconids of the Caucasus (Hym., Braconidae). — Opr. Fauna SSSR 110: 1—287, figs. 1—67 (Russian). Toxopeus, L. J., 1940. Nederlandsch-Indisch Amerikaansche Expeditie naar Nederlandsch Nieuw- Guinea (3e Archbold-Expeditie naar Nieuw-Guinea 1938—1939). Lijst van verzamelstations. — Treubia 17: 271—279, 1 map. 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Bruxelles 9: 1—252. 390 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 INDEX OF NAMES USED IN THE GENERA Charmon, Exasticolus, Homolobus, Zele AND Name acares spec. nov. aestivalis Snellen van Vollen- hoven, 1858 alaskensis Ashmead, 1902 albiditarsus Curtis, 1832 albipalpis Granger, 1949 albitarsis Haliday, 1835 albitarsus Nees, 1834 alternipes spec. nov. annulatus spec. nov. annulicornis Nees, 1834 annulicrus Thomson, 1895 antefurcalis spec. nov. armatus spec. nov. assamensis Cameron, 1910 atrator Curtis, 1832 atriceps Riley in Riley & Howard, 1890 Nom. nud. australiensis Nixon, 1938 basalis Provancher, 1888 bengtssoni Fahringer, 1930 bicolor spec. nov. bifurcatus spec. nov. bohemani Bengtsson, 1918 brevicauda Hellén, 1958 brevinervis spec. nov. brunnipes Ruthe, 1862 calcarator Wesmael, 1835 calcitrator Curtis, 1837 caligatus Haliday, 1835 carbonator Shestakov, 1940 chlorophthalmus Spinola, 1808 chrysophthalmus Nees, 1812 cinctus Provancher, 1880 cingulatus Granger, 1949 crassicalcaratus Viereck, 1905 crassifemur Muesebeck, 1939 crenulatus spec. nov. cruentatus Haliday, 1833 curtis Provancher, 1886 dauricus Shestakov, 1940 deceptor Wesmael, 1835 discolor Wesmael, 1835 dispar Wesmael, 1835 dubius Wesmael, 1835 dubius Ruthe, 1862 elagabalus Nixon, 1938 THEIR SYNONYMS Original Correct Type-locality (country) Page genus genus and location Homolobus Homolobus Panama, RMNH........ ee BRO Phylax Homolobus Netherlands, lost .......... 319 Dyscoletes Zele Alaska, USNM .......... 364 Zele Zele England, NMV .......... 376 Zele Homolobus Malagasy, MNHN ....... 283 Meteorus Zele Ireland 2 NMIE fea: sree 376 Perilitus Zele Germany. 2lost va... 376 Homolobus Homolobus Kenya, MNHN .......... 292 Homolobus Homolobus India DZDs Fr ra 342 Rogas Homolobus Germany, lost (neotype: KBIN) ......... 324 Meteorus Zele Sweden ZI zes 363 Homolobus Homolobus New Mexico, CNC ....... 345 Homolobus Homolobus New Mexico, CNC ....... 343 Zele Austrozele IndiaBME ree 383 Zele Meteorus England, NMV Zele Homolobus Australia, BM ........... 282 Zele Hormius California, PC Phylacter Macrocentrus USSIRANIRA SE 383 Homolobus Homolobus Mexico) CNG ee e 333 Homolobes Homolobus Burma Nike ee. eee ae 322 Phylacter Homolobus Sweden, NR............. 332 Eubadizon Charmon Finland WH@). E eee 268 Charmon Charmon New Guinea, RMNH ..... 267 Meteorus Meteorus Germany B MER. 384 Phylax Homolobus Belgium, KBIN .......... 285 Nom. nov. for albitarsis Haliday, 1835 ..................... 376 Meteorus Zele Ireland, NMI ........... 364 Zele Homolobus WSSIRMINIR aA NU 330 Bracon Zele Italy, lost (neotype: RMNH) ....... 370 Bracon Zele Germany, lost (neotype: KBIN) ......... 370 Phylax Bracon PARE Zele Homolobus Malagasy, MNHN ....... 315 Zele Homolobus Kansas, SEM ............ 285 Meteorus Zele Kansas, USNM .......... 374 Homolobus Homolobus North Borneo, BM ....... 341 Charmon Charmon Treland NM IE EP PEER 268 Phylax Bracon Quebec, PC Homolobus Homolobus USSR: NRC aan 320 Perilitus Zele Belgium, KBIN .......... 376 Phylax Homolobus Belgium, KBIN .......... 319 Perilitus Zele Belgium, KBIN .......... 376 Eubadizon Macrocentrus Belgium, KBIN .......... 384 Meteorus Meteorus Germany BM E 384 Zele Homolobus India. BM et Sys 280 ephippium Curtis, 1832 ethiopicus spec. nov. extensor Linnaeus, 1758 filicornis Cameron, 1903 flagitator Curtis, 1837 (nom. nov. for chlorophthalmus Haliday, 1836, nec Spinola, 1808) fulvifrons Curtis, 1832 fuscicornis Cameron, 1887 fuscitarsis Bengtsson, 1918 geminator Lyle, 1914 gracilis Provancher, 1880 gracilis Provancher, 1886 gracilis spec. nov. huddlestoni spec. nov. infumator Lyle, 1914 inopina spec. nov. inopinus spec. nov. japonica Watanabe, 1932 lacteiceps spec. nov. levis Muesebeck, 1923 longicauda Curtis, 1832 luteus Cameron, 1911 macropterus spec. nov. maculatus spec. nov. maculiceps Cameron, 1912 maximus Muesebeck, 1923 melanonotus Cameron, 1911 melleus Cresson, 1872 meridionalis spec. nov. mesoxiphius spec. nov. neesii Ruthe, 1862 nepalensis spec. nov. niger Provancher, 1885 nigriceps Riley & Howard, 1890 nigriceps Enderlein, 1920 nigricollis Thomson, 1895 nigricornis Walker, 1871 nigritarsis spec. nov. nipponensis spec. nov. niveitarsis Cresson, 1872 nudator Thunberg, 1822 obscurus spec. nov. occidentalis spec. nov. ochraceator Curtis, 1832 ophioninus Vachal, 1907 pacificus Provancher, 1885 pallidistigmus Cameron, 1911 pallidus Nees, 1812 pallitarsis Cresson, 1872 palliventris Provancher, 1880 pectoralis Curtis, 1832 pectoralis Nees, 1834 peronatus Shestakov, 1940 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 391 Zele Meteorus England, NMV Homolobus Homolobus ManzaniayCNG@ eee. ase 318 Ichneumon Charmon Sweden, BM ............ 265 Zele Austrozele Borneo, BIMi ee). N. 384 Helcon Homolobus Irelands lostamn avec 334 Nom. nudum Zele Exasticolus Guatemala,BM ......... 273 Phylacter Homolobus Sweden, ZE Aaa 285 Nom. nov. for chlorophthalmus Haliday, 1836, nec Spinola, 1808 334 Eubadizon Charmon POuebec IPC sew eae 265 Phylax Bracon Quebec, PC Zele Zele Nepal.ENEr cit eh 375 Homolobus Homolobus TanzaniawBiMer ee) eer. 297 Zele Homolobus England,BM ............ 305 Charmontia Charmontia Chile ENG E CAT RE Ae 263 Homolobus Homolobus Malagasy, MNHN ....... 316 Zele Homolobus Japan, El Sa 305 Homolobus Homolobus Uganda, TORRES Aa 294 Meteorus Zele New Mexico, CU ........ 365 Zele Eubazus England, NMV .......... 384 Cyclocormus Charmon S'AfrCa MP nr 268 Homolobus Homolobus Colombia MER ET 347 Homolobus Homolobus WeandaiGN@ eee Fr 29] Zele Austrozele Zane MUNG ees cano nododo 385 Meteorus Zele Colorado, USNM ........ 376 Zele Hymenochaonia Guyana, BM ......:..... 385 Phylax Homolobus Texas TANS PAN pn 285 Homolobus Homolobus Marocco lo NEE 326 Homolobus Homolobus Arizonas@GN@ ane a 346 Meteorus Zele Germany, BM... 364 Homolobus Homolobus NepaliGNG@ aeons 340 Phylax Doryctes British Columbia, PC Nom. nudum . Zele Exasticolus Miexicon RAIN Tee 275 Meteorus Zele Sweden; ZIE eren 370 Phylax excluded) EthiopiaNlost nnn 385 Homolobus Homolobus New Guinea, RMNH ..... 310 Homolobus Homolobus Japan El tre 338 Perilitus Zele Massachusetts, ANSP .... 368 Ichneumon Zele Sweden, Uppsala ......... 370 Homolobus Homolobus Brazile IC: ea 344 Homolobus Homolobus Bolivia MCR, ene 337 Nom. nudum Meteorus Homolobus New Caledonia, MNHN .. 298 Phylax Doryctes British Columbia, PC Macrocentrus Homolobus SWA fin Cami MIPA 303 Bracon Meteorus Germany, lost ........... 385 Perilitus Zele New Jersey, ANSP ....... 376 Phylax Bracon 2, PC Nom. nudum Eubadizon Charmon Germany, lost (neotype: KBIN) ......... 268 Meteorus Zele USSRENR=-* earn 368 392 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 picinervis spec. nov. pleuralis Cresson, 1872 priapus Nixon, 1938 pulchricornis Nixon, 1938 punctatus spec. nov. rectinervis Spec. nov. reticulatus Muesebeck, 1923 romani Fahringer, 1930 rosenbergi Viereck, 1911 rufipes Provancher, 1880 rufithorax Granger, 1949 rufulus Thomson, 1895 rugosus spec. nov. separandus Fischer, 1957 sibiricus Fahringer, 1930 simillima Enderlein, 1920 simplex Watanabe, 1932 somaliensis Szepligeti splendens Costa, 1884 terminalis Ashmead, 1889 testaceator Curtis, 1832 thoracicus Curtis, 1832 truncatoides spec. nov. truncator Say, 1828 tuberculatus spec. nov. tuberculifer spec. nov. undulatus spec. nov. unicolor Enderlein, 1920 wesmaeli Bengtsson, 1918 Zele Eubadizon Zele Zele Zele Homolobus Meteorus Meteorus Zele Phylax Zele Meteorus Homolobus Meteorus Meteorus Apatia Zele Zele Meteorus Zele Zele Zele Homolobus Bracon Exasticolus Zele Homolobus Zele Phylacter Zele Charmon Homolobus Homolobus Zele Homolobus Zele Zele Exasticolus Doryctes Homolobus Zele Homolobus Zele Zele Homolobus Homolobus Macrocentrinae Zele Macrocentrus Zele Meteorus Homolobus Homolobus Exasticolus Zele Homolobus Homolobus Homolobus Arizona, CNC ........... Missouri, ANSP ......... SeAfncasBiM ayer SAT ca IBM RENE Argentine, IML.......... Chile {CNG UM ri o New Hampshire, USNM .. USSRe NRG Kerr Peru USNIMUR ie werner VARE Malagasy, MNHN ....... Sweden, ZEN za. Malagasy, MNHN ....... Germany,ZSB .......... USSR,.NR tte ien Costa Rica, PAN......... JapanygEli senteren Somalia, ZMB............ Italy, Naples: Missouri, USNM England, NMV .......... England, NMV Egypt ZM Bina Indiana, lost (neotype: RMHN) ....... Brazil ECS rer Panama, RMNH.......... New Guinea, RMNH ..... Costa Rica, PAN......... Belgium, KBIN .......... 393 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x LITE OE STX S'7 :L7 ‘ST ET ‘x OS ZT X | ‘auij-a|eos :67 ‘97 ‘17 ‘07 ‘199dse jesıop ‘S2)18197 PIE-IS] pue wnapodoud ‘je ‘39adse [es10p ‘unjouosaw ‘Of :39] PUIY ‘67 199dse [esıop ‘peau ‘gz :19adse je UOoly ‘ peoy ‘ LZ ‘s8uim ‘97 ‘euuaque Jo xade ‘sq :euuajue ‘97 ‘ ‘Mmejo pury IQUUI “EZ ‘ ‘joadse [eJuo1J ‘snadA]o Jo jeep ‘77 ‘1oysodiAo ‘17 :199dse jeraye] ‘snyıgey ‘07 ‘119901 ‘EPEUEI ‘Ò (snaeuurT) 4osuaixa UOWADY) ‘1€—07 ‘S34 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 394 XBL Pp TD X GE ‘Ob 6E: X GT JE SE: X I ‘OUIJ-O[BIS ‘gE ‘LE ‘pE—ZE odse jesiop ‘peau ‘pp :joadse [esiop ‘wnjouosaw ‘ep ‘39adse jejuou] ‘peau ‘7p joodse [essOp ‘9}1319} IS] ‘[p ‘Mejo puiy Jano ‘op ‘snad£jo Jo xade Jo [re1ap ‘6€ ‘891 pury ‘ge :s8urm ‘LE ‘Burm 3105 JO WZ + WI SUISA Jo [rezop ‘gE ‘Burm 3105 JO INIT] pur B-ND UI9A JO [IeJap ‘CE !euuajue ‘pe -1ONSOdIAO ‘ge ‘39adse jessye] ‘snyrgey ‘ze ‘odzojoy “Aou ‘dads 51442014249 UOUADYI ‘pp—ZE ‘SF 4 395 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x O'S 266 ‘ES ‘ZS X 07.8695 ‘PS ‘OS ‘BH: X I “OUN-2]B9S :1S ‘Lp ch ‘1oxsodiao Jo xade ‘66 ‘joodse [esiop ‘s91319) plg—js] pue wnapodoud ‘gs ‘idjed jo preep ‘Lg ‘399dse Jessop wnyouosaw ‘9g ‘snadA[9 Jo [revop ‘sg ‘399dse [eJUO1Y ‘peau ‘ps ‘euuaque jo xade ‘es ‘mejo pury Jauur ‘76 ‘82 pury ‘IS ‘yoadse [es1op ‘peau ‘OS ‘s8uim ‘6p ‘309dse je1ore) “uoanajdosauı jo Sp ‘adAjoou ‘(s99N) S17DA099d uomany) ‘65 — St 'S3lA ‘ wed 10119]UP JO [reyop ‘gp ‘BUUIUE ‘Ly ‘ıoyısodıao ‘Op ‘399dse [1978] 'snyrgey : x 0°S ‘69 ‘89 99: X OT IL ‘OL LI ‘59 T9: X | ‘aulf-2/80s :99 ‘€9 ‘19 ‘09 ‘39adse [esıop ‘peay ‘I, :399dse jesıop ‘2118197 18] pue wnapodold ‘oy ‘Med pury 1ouur ‘69 !1oyısodıao Jo xade ‘gg ‘joodse [esıop ‘wnjouosaw ‘/9 :35] pury ‘99 ‘19adse [elaye] ‘uoJnajdosaw Jo ed 10L1aJue Jo jrezop ‘ç9 ‘snadAjo jo uIBIeW jeorde ‘pg ‘s8uim ‘£9 ‘joodse |e UO. ‘peay ‘79 ‘euuaque ‘[9 ‘joodse jeısye] ‘snygey ‘09 ‘adAzojoy (uaa H) snproomasg UOWIDY) ‘| L—09 'S31A TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 396 397 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x C1 :6L'LLTPL: x | 'SUIJ-A[EIS :8L ‘SL “EL ‘ZL ‘Oodse jesıop ‘s9ui319) puz—3s] pue wnapodod ‘ 6L :32] pury 6 gL ‘199adse [e]uo1] ‘peay ‘14 ‘399dse [esıop ‘peay ‘9/ !sduım ‘cy tyoodse jesiop “wnjouosauı ‘py !1oyısodıao ‘gz ‘399dse [el9]e] ‘smigey ‘7. ‘edAjojou ‘(uoISWIED) snainj UOUDY) ‘6L_TL "sag : X O'S ‘88 °L8:X OT :16—68 ‘98 ‘98 ‘78 “18: X | ‘aulj-a|eos CQ ‘€8 ‘O8 ‘399dse [e3uo1jJ ‘peau ‘16 ‘joodse [esıop ‘S2)1819} PIE—IS] ‘06 ‘yoadse [e19]g|-0SIOp ‘EX09 a[ppiu JO [IBJ2P ‘68 ‘MEIO PUIY Ja]no ‘gg ‘me[9 pury Jauul ‘7g {199dse [esıop ‘peau ‘98 :SBUIM ‘Cg ‘FUIM 2105 JO WZ PUB VZ + VI SUISA Jo [IBJ9P ‘pg -euusyue ‘gg “ıdıed ‘zg ‘Burm pury JO [A + DS UIAA JO [IBJ2P ‘18 ‘joodse jesse] ‘snyigey ‘0g ‘adAjojoy “Aou ‘dads snippnsaagnı snjoa1spx7 ‘16—08 ‘SALA En li E | | TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 \ 398 399 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x OZ :L6—S6 : X | ‘aur-21808 !y6— 76 ‘ded ‘16 :192dse jezuoIy ‘peau ‘96 ‘399d -se [ESIOP ‘peau ‘66 ‘s3uim ‘pe ‘euuarue ‘6 ‘joodse [elsye] ‘snyiqey ‘ 76 ‘adAjojoy ‘(uoroweg) 51U40019SNf SNIOINSDXxT ‘LE—T6 "SEA TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 400 x OT POL “TOL: X | ‘ouI-A[BIS :001 “66: X O'S ‘EOI ‘TOI ‘86 ‘199dst Jessop ‘s911319) PIE —IS] ‘p0I ‘EUU9J -ue Jo xade ‘¢g] ‘mejo pury 197n0 ‘7Q] :19>dse [es10p “wnjouosaw ‘[Q] ‘euuaque ‘OOI :3>] pury ‘66 :19>dse [EISJE-OSIOP ‘eIqn pury Jo apis 1auur Jo xade ‘g6 "edjjesng ‘niog wol} à 1917 EO] PUB 001 ‘86 Iq ‘adAjojoy ‘(UOJaWIeD) 514402198nf SNJOINSDXY "POL —86 ‘SBIA US (AIT LOL 401 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. ‘ x 8 TELL ‘Ol ‘x Tp 601 ‘901 SX 1 ‘eurj-ofeIs :gol ‘LOI ‘SOI ‘399dse [esıop ‘9313103 IS] ‘[ | ‘399dse [equo] ‘peau ‘OI | :euusjue Jo xade ‘601 -ue ‘801 ‘STuIM ‘LOI ‘MBO ojpprw 197n0 ‘90] ‘399dse je197e] ‘snjiqeu ‘SOI ‘adAjojou ‘(ura]19puq) sda21481u snjoonsoxX ‘| || — (| so ‘euu9)] I ‘STA TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 402 ‘ XBL LIT OTT HIT x | ‘QUIj-a|eos :gII “ELL: X Tp SIL ‘ZII ‘399dse jessop “wnjouosaw ‘6] | ‘Baj pury ‘gj ‘idjed ‘7 jj ‘399dse jesıop ‘peau ‘o] | ‘adA}o] -oy “(urajdapug) sdasıadıu snjoonspxd “61 1—91 1 ‘S314 "Med pury 1a3no ‘|| ‘399dse [esıop ‘3113197 IS] ‘pI] ‘Baj pui ‘ey ‘309dse |e19] -e[ ‘sinds jerqn pury Jo jrevop ‘711 ‘(24403991 Jo E11 nq) P ‘ad(10399|esed (urajzopug) 40/001un (vuvdy) sngojowoy "SII—ZII 'S31A 403 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x OT:LZITSTI:X O'S PU ETI EX | Sauly-ayeos :771—071 ‘399dse jesıop ‘peau ‘L71 ‘Joadse jequody ‘peou ‘97 | ‘idjed ‘¢Z] ‘Melo ojpprw 1auul “p7Z] :ME9 910) xarno ‘EZ ‘s3uim ‘77] ‘euuoue ‘I7] ‘399dse jeraye] ‘snyqey ‘071 ‘9d10]0Y ‘(UOXIN) s1/09v3D]2 (puvdy) snqojowoy ‘LTIT0ZI ‘S314 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 404 X OS EEL: X OT WEITET LEL: X I ‘aUI|-9|29S :OE 1 —8T1 ‘199dSt jessop ‘pray ‘p£] ‘Meo pury Jauul ‘ee | Joodse eyo ‘pray ‘ZE | ‘idjed ‘161 ‘s8urm ‘oe | ‘euuorue ‘671 ‘399dse jesaye] ‘snyrqey ‘gz] ‘adA10]0Y ‘(UOXIN) sisuaijpaisno (vijpdy) snqojowoH ‘y£ 1871 ‘S314 405 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x 6O:1P1 GEL: X ST EPL Tri Obl BEI: X I OUI-[BIS :LET * X OT :9EI ‘SEI ‘199dse jesiop ‘pray ‘Ep] ‘399d -SB [esJOp ‘2}1819] JS] ‘Zp ‘891 puly ‘[p] “adAjojoy ‘(UOXIN) siusoolayajnd (vijpdy) snqgojowoy ‘Ep{—| P| SA ‘joodse [esıop ‘0118197 IS] ‘OP ‘321 pury ‘6£I ‘309dse jesiop ‘peau ‘g£] ‘adA10[oy ‘(UOXIN) sndviad (puvdy) snqojowoy ‘Op{—8E] ‘SF14 39] pury ‘LEL ‘399d -SB [esJop "wnJouosau ‘ge | ‘399dse jesJop ‘s1819) PIE—)S] ‘CEI “AdAJO[OY (UOXIN) sısuaıjp4ısno (DiJDdp) snqojowoy *LEI—SEI ‘SLA TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 406 È / x O'S :ESI ZS1 (691 © X OT LST ST PSI IST OSI ‘SPI ‘91 © X 1 ‘OUI-ATBIS :SSI ‘pl “Spl ‘ppl “Wedse jesıop ‘wnyouosau ‘/61 Joodse [esJop ‘sa1319) PIE—S] ‘951 139] pury ‘SI !rdjed ‘por !mejo pury Jarno ‘EST ‘Melo pury Jouur ‘76] ‘joodse jeyuouy ‘peau ‘]6] ‘joodse [esiop ‘pray ‘osi ‘euuajue Jo xade ‘gp] ‘3uim 210} JO WZ PUB VZ + VI SUISA JO [reJop ‘py ‘STUIM ‘/p] ‘FUIM PUY JO JU + DS UIA Jo [I19p ‘gp| ‘euuaque ‘sp :joodse [e19]e] ‘snyiqeu ‘pp ‘euejewouey ‘Asedejew ‘è ‘(198u819) sidjpdigjp (puody) sngojowog *LS1-p+1 "SHL 407 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x 0°7:S9I EI: X O'S 79] (091 : x 1 ‘our-areos :191 ‘651 ‘851 ‘199dse yeiuoyy ‘peoy ‘91 ‘idjed ‘pgr yoodse [esiop ‘peau “¢9] ‘Euuaque JO xade ‘791 ‘SSUIM ‘19 ] :Mej9 pury 19jno ‘ 09] :euusyue ‘6SI ‘ ‘yoadse [esse] ‘snyiqey ‘gc] ‘adAjoou (Aeg) 4orvauna (Dıypdy) sngojowoy *S91— BSI ‘S8IA TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 408 : x 0°£ ELE: X I ‘9UI-A|eos : [LL ‘691 “LOT: X OT :TLI ‘OLI ‘891 ‘991 ‘idjed ‘LI ‘399dse Jessop ‘wnyouosaw ‘7/1 ‘821 pury ‘141 ‘9d10799] ‘(uoss13ua g) 17avusam (snqojorpyD ) sngojowog "ELI—ILI ‘S314 “joadse jes10p ‘wnjgouosaw ‘O1 ‘33| pury ‘691 ‘9d410192] ‘([aewsa MA) 4070951p (sngojowoH) sngojowor ‘OLI ‘691 ‘S314 "192dse [esıop “wnjouosau ‘89] ‘Baj puiy ‘19] ‘39adse jesıop ‘say1819) piç-1S] ‘991 ‘adAjoou (Kes) 40100una1 (viipdy) sngojowog ‘89{|—99| ‘S314 CLI feti no STE an ee. Mens SSS Eee gut EED % Q NS A ELL 409 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. "X 810 GILLI © X SL ‘181 ‘GLI ‘OLI © X I ‘SUI-AIBSS ‘081 ‘SLI x O'S :8LI ‘pL | 39] ajppru ‘adAjojou ‘(uoraweD) snwänsıpıjod (pıypdy) snqojowoy ‘LL1 ‘814 199dse [es10p wnyouosau ‘[g] isFurm Og] ‘39adse [eruo ‘peau ‘641 -euusJur JO xade ‘g/ | joodse Jessop ‘peau ‘9/ | :(jueu (X99191A) snivaDojvaissp40 (vuvdy) sngojowog “181 —8L1 ‘9LI—vLI “SBA -W91) Ba] pury ‘SLI ‘399dse [e19]E] ‘snjiqeu ‘p_| ‘edAojoq € TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 410 x O'S :L81:% O'T 061 881 “981 ‘S81 ix I ‘auIj-a|eos :pg81—281I ‘yoodse jejuoiy ‘peoy ‘061 :199dse [esıop ‘peau ‘681 ‘joodse [esıop ‘3113137 IS] ‘gg] ‘Med 9104 ‘;g] ‘399dse [eSIOP “wnjouosaw ‘9g | ‘Idjed ‘sg :s8urm ‘pg ‘euuaque ‘eg | ‘zoodse [esaye] ‘snyrgey ‘7g] '>dA10399] ‘(ulajiopugq) 40/001un (ouvdy) snqojowop] ‘061—Z81 “S314 411 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x OT ‘107 —L6I ‘P61 : X O'S :EOT “ZOT “S61 ‘T61 : X [ ‘SUIJ-[EIS :961 ‘E61 “161 MEID pury Ja3no ‘Eq ‘me[o pury Jauur ‘707 ‘399dse [esıop ‘wnjouosow ‘107 ‘tdred ‘007 ‘19adse [esıop ‘peau ‘661 ‘192dse jeiuouj ‘peoy ‘861 ‘Burm 2105 JO VZ + WI UISA JO [rerop ‘L61 !STUIM ‘961 ‘Me[o 2107 JOUUT ‘661 ‘FUIM PUIY JO YS PUL [4 + IS SUISA JO [FEISP ‘pol ‘ ‘euuaque ‘£6] ‘euuaque Jo xade ‘76] ‘399dse [eıaye] ‘snyqey ‘[6] 24410393] ‘(193ueIO) x0404Y11fn4 (brandy) snqojowoH ‘£OT— 161 ‘SSL TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 412 = x O'S :TIT TIT: X OT :SIT_EIZ ‘017 ‘807 “LOZ ‘SOT: X 1 ‘SUIJ-A[LIS :607 ‘907 ‘907 ‘19adse [esıop ‘913193 18] ‘617 ‘joodse |esiop "wnJouossw ‘p|7 ‘399adse [esıop ‘peau ‘EZ ‘meo PUIU Jouur ‘zig ‘Euuaque Jo xade ‘||7 ‘joodse [e]uo1j ‘peau ‘017 :euusjur ‘607 :Buim 3105 JO W7 + WI UISA JO [IEJSP ‘807 ‘Burm PUIU JO YS Pue [Y + DS SUI9A JO [ré19p ‘LOC ‘S8uIM ‘907 :ıdjed ‘607 :199dse [eısye] ‘sniqey ‘907 ‘edAojou “Aou ‘dads snivjnonw (DIIDdp) snqojowoy ‘S1Z—t07 ‘S314 413 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘euusjue Jo xade ‘g17 x O'S ‘977 STT SIT ‘ x O'€ :0E7:% OT (677 L77 WTL TUT 077 ‘x | ‘QUT]-97BOS :£77 ‘617 “LIZ ‘917 ‘)99dse 1ouur ‘sruowSos [jeuusjue Yp pue PIE ‘OET ‘Joodse |e}uo1} ‘peau 677 ‘199dse [esıop ‘uwinjouosaw ‘g77 ‘399dse [es10p ‘peau ‘177 ‘ME PUTY Jarno ‘977 + MBO PUIU JQUUI ‘677 ‘399dse jes1op ‘3113137 JS] px ‘Boy pury ‘£77 ‘dyed ‘777 {Burm 3107 JO WZ + WI UI2A Jo [erop ‘177 ‘Burm PuIY JO YS PUL | Y + OG SUISA JO [FEISP ‘077 :sdum ‘617 ‘ ‘œuuoque ‘/ [7 ‘399dse yesayey ‘snyigey ‘917 ‘adA10]0y “Aou ‘dads sadiusayjy (pubdy) snqojowoH ‘0£ET—917 ‘ssl EIER 2 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 414 x O'S “LEZ ‘EET: X OT HET “BET “SET TET: X I “OUT]-2]B9S :9€7 ‘PET ‘1€7 “JOodse Jessop ‘wNn} -ouosau ‘6£7 ‘joadse [e]uo1j ‘peay ‘867 ‘mejo pury Jeuur ‘/ç7 !euusjue ‘gez ‘idjed ‘seg ‘s3uim ‘pez ‘euusque Jo xade ‘EEZ ‘SUIM puy JO HS Pue [Y+OS SUI9A JO |re19p ‘7EZ ‘1oodse [eıaye] ‘snyqey ‘17 ‘adAj0[oy ‘(uoxIN) sndviad (pipdy) snqojowoy "KET—IET 'S31A 415 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. TPE © X | ‘outp-ojros ‘897 ‘Erz ‘IPT * pury J9UUI ‘767 !Mejo pury 193no ‘157 X O'S :TS7 IST PPT: X OT DST ‘EST OST ‘617 "LPT SVT Opz ‘3uim pury Jo YS PUB [Y+9S SUISA Jo [Iejop ‘pq ‘399dse jesiop ‘2118197 IS] ‘EST :MPIO ‘joodse [esıop ‘wmjouosaw ‘Sz ‘399dse Jelaye] ‘© Jo sinds |erqn pury ‘617 ‘321 pury !gpz ‘um 210} JO VZ + VI UIAA Jo [erop ‘pc ‘idjed ‘pz ‘joodse jejuou ‘peau ‘647 !euusjue Jo xade ‘ppz ‘s8uim ‘pq ‘joodse [es10p ‘peau ‘7197 ‘euuajue ‘| pz ‘399dse [esaye] ‘smugey ‘opz ‘odAtore Jo 617 ınq ‘adAjojoy “Aou ‘dads sda212120] (puvdy) snqojowoy ‘pS7—ObZ ‘S314 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 416 X 0°7.:797 ‘197 ‘6S7 ‘LS7 IST: X | ‘our-orgos :g67 ‘667 ‘109dse jes1Op ‘WiN}oU i -osau ‘797 ‘joodse |E]UO1] ‘pray ‘197 ‘Melo ajppiu 1ouur ‘097 ‘FUIM pury JO [U + DS USA Jo [leap ‘657 !sduım ‘g67 !ıdjed ‘57 ‘pad -se [Joye] ‘sinds jerqty puly ‘957 ‘yoadse [elsye] 'snyigey ‘SZ ‘ad4Jo[ou ‘(UOXIN) s1440214Y2jnd (puody) sngopowog ‘T97— TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 426 een x O'S ‘SOE ‘PIE TIE: X p'I :EIE “ODE “OSE: X I ‘auIj-a|eos :19£ ‘BGE ‘mejo PUIY J9UUI “COE :me[9 pury 197n0 ‘p9g “joodse [esıop ‘peau ‘Egg !euusjue Jo xade ‘TOE ‘euuaque ‘19E ‘joodse [ejuo1y ‘peau ‘09€ ‘voed ‘nou ‘dads snyojnpun (snqojolavyy) snqojowop "SYE—KSE ‘SOL “SB [BSIOP ‘wnjouosou ‘66€ ‘joodse je1arer ‘snyigey ‘g6£ ‘adAjojou * VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 3rd—7th antennal segments, inner aspect; 367, detail Homolobus (Chartolobus) undulatus spec. nov., holotype. 366, Figs. 366—369, 427 : 367, 369: 2.0 x ; 368: scale-line, detail of vein 1A +2A and 2A. 366: 5.0 x x of veins SC+ RI and SR of hind wing; 368, wings; 369, TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 428 X O'S :LLE: X O TELEX EI ISLE “PLE TLE: X | ‘aur-ayeos “OLE ‘ILE ‘OLE ‘euuaque Jo xode ‘//£ ‘891 pury ‘9/6 ‘399dse [es1op ‘pray ‘Le ‘1oadse [EJuO1} ‘peau ‘pie ‘idjed ‘ELE ‘joodse jessop OLE ">dAjojoy “Aou ‘dads 5154011431 (Sngojolapy) ) sngojowoy ‘LLET-OLE ‘$314 ‘2118191 IS] ‘TLE !euusjue “1E :309dse [eıaye] ‘sNIIqeYy ‘ 429 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x DE:IBE:X OT :T8£ ‘OSE: X I ‘SUIJ-IJBIS :6LE | x O'S “EVE ‘BLE VOodse [esıop wnJouosaw ‘pgs !MEIO pury JOUUT ‘ESE ‘Burm pury JO YS PUR [U + IS SUIDA Jo [reJ>P ‘78€ ‘109dse Jouur ‘syuawBos [euusjue YIH-PIE ‘18E ‘Sum 210] JO WZ Pur VZ + VI SUI9A JO JIeJ>P ‘OBE ‘s8urm ‘ 6LE ‘MIO pury Jarno ‘g/£ ‘adAjojou “Aou ‘dads sısupgudıu (snqojorpy) snqojowoH ‘p8E—BLE ‘STA TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 430 x O'S :16E ‘O6E : X 0'T “68E—LBE : X I AUIJ-A[EIS :9BE “CBE ‘joodse Jouul ‘juawBas [euusjue PIE ‘1 GE ‘Mej Ja]no UO ydıs [nz “SMES AJPplW ‘06£ ‘idyed ‘68£ ‘yoodse jejuou ‘peau ‘age :190dse [esıop ‘peau ‘1 g¢ ‘euuaque ‘ggg !199dse [e1aye] ‘sniIqey ‘68e ‘adAjojou ‘(aqgeuere Mm) xayduis (snqojowop ) snqojowoH *|6€—S8E "SLA 431 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x OT :009 86€ : x I ‘AUIJ-A[BIS :96€ "SHE! X O'S :L6E ‘P6E— TOE ‘OOdse jes1op ‘3113197 35] pue wnapodoid ‘oop : US PUE VZ + VI SUIDA JO [1EIOP ‘66£ ‘1924 -SB [BSIOP ‘Wnjouosaw ‘g6E ‘MEIS PUIU Jarno */6E ‘SBUIM ‘96€ 89] PUTY ‘CHE ‘Mejo pury JOUUT ‘p6£ MEI9 [ppi JQUUI ‘EGE SMO 910} Snqojowofy) snqojowoH ‘OOP —T6E ‘STIA Jauul ‘76€ 'OPIEYYOH ‘ueder ‘P Jo L6E PUB poE—ZoE Iq ‘adAjojoy “(aqvuryeM) xa/duis ( TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 432 x 0°S :9OP : x 0°7 :LOP ‘SOP ‘POP: X | ‘our 21898 ‘£0p — LOP "BUIM 3105 JO WZ + VI USA JO [IIP ‘L0p ‘Melo 910) Jauur ‘gop “idyed ‘SOp ‘AUIM pury JO YS PUE JU + IS SUIAA JO [Ie] -op ‘Pop :euusjue ‘EOp :sBUIM ‘zp ‘voadse [e1a7e] 'snyigey ‘| Op ‘adAjojou ‘AOU ‘dads snso3n4 (sngojowog ) snqojowoy ‘LOb—10+ 'S31A 433 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x_['SUI[-A[BIS Olp X PL pip: x OT EI TIP ‘60h: X O'S ‘ZIP “80h V0odse [esıop ‘saıd.ıa] PIE—1S] pue wnapododd “jp ‘joodse jesJop ‘wngouosaw ‘€ [p ‘Burm pury JO | Y + DS UIOA pue Ijnwey JO [leap ‘zj p :399dse jejUOy ‘peau ‘| |p ‘35] pury ‘Olp !19>dse [esıop ‘peau ‘6Op ‘Me]9 pury Jouul ‘gop "adAJojoy “Aou ‘ads snsodn4 (snqojowoy ) sngojowoy ‘ blp—80r ‘STIA TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 434 x O'S LTW ‘Ch va Th: X TI 00 X 077 0689-87 ‘STP ‘ITP ‘619 LIP: x | ‘9UI-AIBIS ETD ‘819 ‘919 SIP yoadse jezuouy ‘peay ‘Oep ‘399dse Jessop ‘peau ‘67 ‘1924 -se [BSIOP ‘S9VF19) pie —IS] ‘ST MEI9 PUIY Jouut ‘/Zp :ME[9 PUIY 19INO ‘97p ‘Zum pury JO YS PUR |Y + DS SUISA JO |rerap ‘S7p :199d -Se- Jouul ‘Juowdos [JEUUSJUR PIE JO [IEP ‘pop ‘Bar pury ‘eqy : P JO mejo pury Jauur ‘777 ‘joadse jesiop ‘winjouosaw ‘|7y :BUUSJUR JO xade ‘Zp :FuIm 2105 JO WZ + VI UI2A JO [Ie19p ‘61 p :sduIM ‘gp “died “LIP ‘yoodse [esaye] ‘snyiqey ‘91 ‘euuaque ‘Cp eyoppwerduvy wol} P Jaye 77} pue eyegojoueipuy wol È Jaye Oy Ing ‘9d410199] ‘(193ue10) sn10/n8u19 (SnqojowoH ) snqojowoy ‘Ogp—S ly S314 435 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x O'S ‘Epp ‘GED: X OT ‘CPP ‘Ib Beh ‘joodse [esıop ‘peay ‘Zpp ‘joodse [esıop ‘S2118191 ple ISI ‘pp +39] PUIU ‘Opp ‘Mejo PUIU Jouur ‘padse jejuOoly -ap ‘pep ‘idied ‘ ‘peau iL Ep ‘8uim 210] JO WZ pue VZ + VI SUISA JO [IBJ2P €€p ‘euuaque * zer Hoodse jelaye] * snjiquy 6 ‘ — EP per ‘Cep ix | ‘SUIJ-A[BIS ‘Opp ‘SED ‘TED TER MEPIS 9IPPIU JOUUT ‘Epp 6£+ ‘399dse [es10p ‘wnjouosouu :g£p ‘gep ‘SBUIM ‘Sep ‘FUIM PUIY JO YS PUE |Y + IS SUSA JO [Ie] ep ‘edAjojoy “Aou ‘dads snuidour (snqojowoy ) snqojowoy ‘Eyy— Et 'Sd14 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 436 x O'S :SSp TSP ISP:X OT ‘LSP '9SP ‘PSP ES “6b Bhp ‘Shh: X 1 “SUl]-21898 :OSp ‘py ‘ppp ‘19adse [essop 'sayıdıa] pies] ‘Lsp ‘399dse jesıop ‘peau ‘95p mejo Pury ‘1ajno ‘ssp ‘joodse jes1op ‘wnjouosau ‘psp ‘died ‘esp ‘Mejo pury Jauur ‘764 ‘oadse JoUUT ‘suo wi das jeuuaque UIp-Ppuz ‘| Gp 39] pury ‘OSp ‘FUIM aoj JO VZ PUB VZ + VI suron JO [IE19P “Epp ‘FUIM pury JO YS PUE [U + IS SUISA JO [IEJ9P ‘gpp ‘EUUSIUE ‘(pp !sdumm ‘Opp ‘399dse |ejuo1] ‘peau ‘spp ‘199dse [esse] ‘snyqey ‘ppp ‘adAjojou “Aou ‘dads snaidoiyja (snqopowop) snqojowoy “LSy— vvt “S314 437 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. -10 ‘09 x Eb SOP ‘PIP ix O'E 99 5X | ‘auij-ajeos :79p ‘099 “6S: X 0°7 ‘997 ‘191 ‘85 ‘199dse [es p ‘S9)1819] puz PUP Is] ‘99 [MBO PUIU JOUUT ‘C9p ‘Meo PUIU 19]NO ‘pop ‘idjed ‘ç9p ‘euuaque ‘79] 399dse |ejuo1] ‘peau ‘| Op !SFUIM p ‘oodse jerre) ‘snjiqey ‘bsp ‘199dse jesiop ‘peoy ‘gop ‘9d/10199] (Loews MA) 4070951p (snqojowoH ) snqojowoH ‘99p—8Sph ‘STA TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 438 x OT :08P LL ‘Li ELD: X O'S ‘OLD ‘SLP “IL ‘89h: X | “OUl-2]B9S ‘Zp ‘OLY ‘694 ‘LO Zum pulY JO YS pue 1Y +9S SUIDA JO [IRAP ‘ORp ‘199dse jezuouy ‘peau ‘6/p ‘39adse [esıop ‘sar81o3 pie—3S] ‘gLp :ıdjed ‘//p ‘ME|9 PUIU 19uul ‘O/p :MBID PUIU 19}No ‘Lt ‘309dse [esıop ‘peasy ‘p/p 39adse [es10p "wnJouosaw ‘¢/p 82] pui ‘TLp ‘euuaque Jo xade ‘| /p ‘euuajue ‘Q/p isFuim ‘694 ‘19adse Jauur Zu wIT9s [jeuusjue PIE ‘gp ‘19adse je1ore) ‘snyrgey ‘/9p ‘adAjojou ‘AoyeIsayg snolanvp (snqojowoy ) Sngojowog ‘08y—L9y ‘S314 439 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x O'S ‘16h ‘88h: X 0°7 ‘06 ‘68h ‘LBD ‘SRD zer: X | SUI LAPS “p8p ‘ESP ‘1p "MEL pury JOUUT ‘[6p :199dse [esıop ‘peay ‘06p ‘1oodse [eslop ‘say1319) PUZ pue IS] ‘68p ‘mejo pury Jarno ‘g8f ‘joodse yequosy ‘peau ‘L8p ‘idjed ‘ogp ‘Burm 3105 JO WZ pue VZ + VI SUI9A JO [TBI9P ‘584 ‘SBUIM ‘pgp !euusjue ‘gp ‘Burm PUIY JO AS pue LH + DS SUIDA Jo [trop ‘z8p ‘oodse esse] ‘smiqey “1 gp ‘9d/)0]0Y ‘Aou ‘ads snipoanfig (4ajavjdyq) snqojowoy ‘| 6p—1 8h ‘S314 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 440 x 0°S :ZOS “10S ‘861: X OT ‘00S ‘661 ‘L6v—S6p : X | ‘QUI[-A[BIS -p6p—76b ‘MB[9 PUIY Jauul ‘706 !euusjue Jo xade ‘05 ‘199dse [e]uo1j ‘peau ‘005 !192dse [esıop ‘peau ‘66p ‘Mejo puiy 193n0 ‘ger ‘idjed ‘/6p :ZuIm 910} JO WZ PUB VZ + YI sulsA JO [IeJ>P ‘96y :3urm pury JO YS PUB [Y + DS SUIAA JO [IBJ9P ‘Ser :SBUIM ‘pop !euusjur ‘bp 199d -se [8191] 'snyigey ‘76 Vergeer Yılewusq wol) è Jo [OS inq ‘adAjoau ‘(s99N) SIu4os1]nuUuDd (4ajIDjAY_ ) SNQOJOWOH ‘TOS—T6t 'S31A N LOS 44] VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x O'S :TIS OIS : X OT :I1S “60S ‘LOS ‘SOS ‘POS : X | ‘aUI[-2[89S :80S ‘905 ‘EOS "Med pury Jouur ‘ZIS ‘39adse jesıop ‘3113197 18] pue wnapodoid ‘IS :mejo pury 193n0 ‘016 ‘399dse jeJuo1j ‘peau ‘605 ‘euuaiue ‘06 ‘Burm pury Jo YS PUB [U + DS JO [IIP ‘LOS :s8uIm ‘906 ‘1djed ‘sog ‘8uim 3107 Jo Wz pure VZ + VI SUIDA JO [erop ‘pos :199dse jessye] ‘snyqey ‘EOS ‘adAjojou “Aou ‘dads sıypuoıpiaam (421007Kyq) sngojowoy ‘TIS—E0S ‘SSI TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 442 x 0°S PTS “TTS ‘BIS “joodse [ejuoly ‘peau JO US PUB [U + IS SUI9A JO [IEIOP ‘615 "euusjue Jo xade ‘g1S ‘MEI9 210} JOUUT “/ IS ‘STUIM ‘OIC ‘ “LIS = X OT LS ‘STS “IZS—IS “SIS + X | ‘OUr]-2]B98 :ETG ‘91S ‘PIS ‘EIS ‘109dst jesiop ‘$91319) pig—js] ‘975 STS ‘meo pury 1auur ‘pzg :8aj pury ‘ETS Meld pury Jarno ‘7zg Sıdjed ‘175 ‘ ‘joadse [esiop ‘peoy ‘ 075 :Su1m pury ‘FUIM 3105 JO WZ PUR V7+ YI SUISA Jo [resp ‘SIS ‘euuaque ‘IS ‘joodse [eI9]E] ‘snyigey ‘EIS ‘adAjojou “(AOYeISaYs) 4010u0g4D9 (snydojng ) snqojowoy "ITS—EIS ‘S314 x 0°5.:9ES “PES LES: X OT :6ESLES "SES “EES TES “BTS +X | 'OUI[-ABIS :OES ‘675 ‘LES “Bum pury JO YS PUB |Y+IS SUISA JO [IEIOP ‘GES :199dse [esıop ‘pray ‘ggg Hood “SB [BSIOP ‘211819 JS] pue wnapodoid ‘/ es ‘mejo pury Jarno ‘ggg ‘19adse [es10p ‘WINJOUOSaW ‘CEG ‘MEO pury JOUUT ‘pes ‘BUIM 3107 JO Vz PUB VZ + VI SUISA JO [IBJap ‘EES ‘joodse [ejuou ‘peau ‘zes ‘euuaque Jo xade ‘TES !euusjur ‘ggg ‘sBUIM ‘675 ‘idjed ‘gs :199dse jes -aye] 'snyrgey ‘LTS 'ejeyNLleg ‘puejur gj wos è Jaye TES ing ‘ad4jojou ‘(uossy8us g) 102409 (snydopng ) sngojowoy “GES—LTS ‘SIA 443 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 444 x O'S !TSS “LPS “SHS = x | 'AUIJ-A[EIS “HS “EHS “IPS © X OT :15S—BHS ‘OPS ‘TPS ‘OPS ‘Melo pury 1ouur ‘766 ‘399d “SB [BSIOP ‘sayl81o} PIE-1S] ‘ISG ‘399dse [esıop ‘pray ‘oss ‘399dse fe3uoj ‘peau ‘6ps ‘joodse jesıop ‘wnjouosow ‘gps ‘euusjue Jo xade ‘Lys :ıdjed ‘gps ‘meo puiy 1o3no ‘cps ‘euuaque ‘prs :S8UIM ‘fps ‘Burm 210} JO vz pue VZ + VI suraa JO [reyop ‘7pS ‘joedse je1aye) ‘snyiqey ‘[ps ‘FUIM pury JO YS PUB [Y + IS SUIDA Jo [8193p ‘ops ‘adAjojou “Aou ‘aads 40]0919 (snydojno ) sngojowogy ‘T$$—0pS ‘SSI VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x O'S 2095 ‘BSS ‘LSS: X O'T :EIS “79S “OSS “OSS ‘PSS +x I ‘QUuIJ-a]BOS :196 ‘Sos ‘ESS ‘199dse jes1op ‘saz1319] PIE—IS] ‘€96 ‘399dse jesıop ‘winzouosow ‘796 ‘EUUAJUE ‘[9S :MEJ9 PUIU JOUUT 096 sıdjed ‘655 !Me]d pury Jono ‘ggg ‘euuaque Jo xade ‘/ 56 ‘joodse [esiop ‘peau ‘ggg ‘sBuIM ‘966 “joodse [RIUOI ‘peau ‘psc Syoadse [e1aye] ‘snyqeu ‘ESS ‘HOJIIEH Wosy à 1918 09$—8SS Ing ‘Apyeuuig ‘puejau ‘è (snang) sown s/f (snydoyng ) snqojowoH *E9S—ESS S314 EIS og 095 I TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 446 x O'S ‘PLS “ILS OLS : X OT “ELS “TLS ‘695 ‘895 ‘995 ‘x | ‘auIj-a[eos :19S ‘SOS ‘pos ‘BUUdjUR Jo xade ‘p/¢ ‘Idjed ‘e/G ‘Joodse [ejuoi] ‘peau ‘ZLS ‘MEI9 pury JoUUT ‘| /S ‘Mej Pury 193N0 ‘OLS :BUIM PUTY Jo YS PUE [U + OG SUISA JO [re19p ‘696 ‘399dse [esIop ‘peau ‘996 :sBUIM ‘L96 :BUIM 2103 JO WZ pue VZ+ VI SUI9A JO [IRAP ‘995 !euusjue ‘5gg ‘399dse [e197e] ‘sNITqeY “pgs ‘adAjojou ‘AOU ‘dads SauDID (snydojn0) snqojowoH ‘ÿLS—+9S ‘SB 447 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. -SB [ESIOP 'saJ1319] PIE x 075.785 “OLS ‘ X | ‘AUIJ-AIBIS :EBS ‘OBS ‘LLS * X 0'T :98S—HBS ‘185 ‘BLS “OLS ‘SLS “Wed IS] ‘985 ‘309dse jezuoay ‘peay ‘Cgc !199dse [esJOp ‘wnjouosaw ‘pgs 82] PUY ‘ERS ‘ ‘MBID PUIU JQUUI ‘785 ‘ ‘ıdjed ‘19g {SBUIM ORS ‘MEJ9 pury Jarno ‘646 ‘399dse jesiop ‘peau ‘g/¢ :joodse jeiaye] ‘'snyrgey ‘LLS ‘Burm 9105 JO WZ PUB VZ + VI SUI9A JO [ROP ‘9/5 ‘FUIM pury Jo YS Pue [A + DS suraa Jo Jeep ‘S/S ‘ad4jojou ‘Aou “dads syD1uap1990 (snydopng ) SNGOJOWOH ‘985—SLS ‘SF 4 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 448 leiqel '€6S -ue Jo xode x 077 :009 "665 SES “POS ‘TES “16S +X O'S ‘86S ‘LES ‘E6S ‘685 : X I ‘AUT]-2]BdS :965 ‘065 ‘BBS ‘LES ‘109dse [BSIOP ‘9318197 15] ‘009 :399dse Jessop “WNJOUOSAU ‘665 :Me[9 pury JOUUT ‘865 ‘ME]9 pury 193N0 ‘76> :35] PULY ‘965 ‘39adse [e]uo1] ‘peau ‘ses ‘1oadse [esiop ‘peau ‘p6s ‘dyed ‘FUIM puly JO YS PUL | Y+OS SUlaA JO [reIop ‘Z6S ‘Buim 210] Jo vz pue VT+ VI SUISA JO [IeJ>p ‘165 ‘s8uim ‘065 UU] ‘685 ‘1oadse fesorer 'snyigey ‘ggg ‘euuaque ‘7 86 ‘adAjojou “Aou ‘dads sisuauoddiu (snydojn0) sngojowog ‘009—L8S “S314 x O'S 719 E19 ‘609 'S09 : X | ‘aUI[-9] 3 “POS :119 909709 : X OT :S19 ‘719 ‘019 ‘809—909 ‘109 ‘199dst [es1op ‘s91d19) PIE—S] ‘919 iMEJO pury Jouur ‘p[9 ‘mejo PUIU 191n0 ‘€19 joodse jesJop ‘umouosaw ‘719 ‘891 pury ‘119 !ıdjed ‘019 ‘euuaque Jo xade ‘609 ‘192dse [esıop ‘Peau ‘809 :SUIM PUIU Jo YS pur IU + OS SULA JO [IEI>P ‘L09 :BUIM 9105 JO WZ PUR VZ + VI SUISA JO [re}9p ‘909 ‘399dse zouur ‘nds je1q1 910] ‘509 ‘euuaue ‘pO9 :SAUIM ‘€09 ‘1oadse je1are) ‘snqiqey ‘709 ‘199dse [ejuouy ‘peau ‘109 ‘ad4jojou ‘“Aou ‘dads sisuajodau (snydopng ) sngojowog] *S19—109 ‘S314 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 450 X O'S 179: X 0°7.:779 ‘079 5 ‘619° X | ‘aur-a[89s :819—9]9 ıdjed ‘779 ‘euuajue Jo xade ‘179 ‘joodse |e}uo1] ‘peau ‘079 ‘Burm 3105 JO WZ PUB VZ + VI SUI2A JO [IE] -2p ‘619 ‘s3uim ‘819 ‘euuaque ‘/ [9 ‘Joodse [19e] ‘snjiqeuy ‘919 ‘adAjojou ‘AOU ‘sads sn70/nu249 (snydojno ) sngojowoy ‘779—919 ‘S314 O x | 9UI[-ABIS :0€9 : X O'T ITE9 EI “LZ9 ST : X O'S :6T9 ‘879 ‘979 ‘ETI ‘109dse jes -Jop wnjouosaw ‘zeg : Burm pury JO YS PUR | H + IS SUI2A JO [IEJ>P ‘| ¢9 89] PUIU ‘OE9 ‘me pury Jouur ‘679 ‘Joodse JauuI Yuawdas jeuusyur pig ‘879 ‘uoIna|dosaw jo Jed 10119]UE Jo [IEJ>P ‘179 ‘399dse Jesıop ‘9118191 Is] pue wnapodoid ‘979 ‘zoadse Jessop ‘peau ‘679 :MBID pury Jarno ‘79 ‘399dse 1ouur ‘sinds jerqn 3105 ‘€79 ‘adAjojou ‘AOU ‘dads sn70/nuaso (snydojno) sngojowog ‘"TEI—ETI ‘S314 5 929 co VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 129 zo Seg Ay x 0°S :EP9 ‘0p9 '8E9 X 0'T :Sp9 ‘tro ‘Tr9 ‘199 ‘6£9 ‘OEI “PED: x | ‘OUT]-9]B9S :LE9 “CEO ‘EE ‘399dse |E1UO1] ‘pray ‘CHO ‘joadse Jessop ‘say81a) PIE—S] ‘ppg ‘Meo pury Jarno ‘eyg ‘joodse [esıop ‘unjouosawu ‘zpg ‘FUIM PUIY JO YS Pue [Y + IS SUI9A JO [rejop “| p9 !euusjue Jo xade ‘Opg ‘joodse [es10p ‘peau ‘6£9 ‘Mej9 pury JOUUT ‘g£9 !euusjue ‘/£9 ‘Burm 310} JO WZ PUB VZ + VI SuI2A JO [re}op ‘9£9 !sduım ‘seg !ıdjed ‘peg ‘joodse [e1a7e] 'snyigey ‘çç9 ‘adAjojou “Aou ‘oads snzppnuuw (snydojno ) snqojowoH ‘Sp9—££9 ‘s814 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 452 x O'S :LS9 ‘959 PS: X 0°7.:859 ‘S59 "ESITIS9 ‘899: X | ‘SUIJ-A[BIS :059 ‘619 ‘Lp9 D ‘99 ‘39adse [esıop ‘2118191 IS] ‘869 ‘MB PUY J9UUI ‘/69 ‘ME[9 PUTY Jarno ‘969 ‘Burm pury JO YS pue [ H + DS JO [IP12P ‘959 ‘euu UE Jo xade ‘pcg ‘joodse [esıop ‘peau ‘E59 ‘1oadse [equouy ‘peau ‘759 ‘idjed ‘169 !euusyue ‘059 ‘sdUIM ‘6p9 :BUIM 310] JO WZ pue VZ + VI SUI9A JO [IEJ>P ‘gp9 :399dse [|e19]e] 'snyrgey ‘/p9 :1oyısodıao ‘9p9 ‘adAjojou ‘AOU ‘dads snıpwan (snydopng ) sngojowoy ‘g59—9p9 “S314 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x 0'7 :999 'S99 ‘E99 ‘199 ‘099: x | ‘aurj-a]eos :ÿ99 ‘799 ‘659 ‘19adse [esIop ‘Wnjouosau ‘999 :Joadse [esıop ‘s911319) puz pue Is] ‘<99 3a] pury ‘ÿ99 ‘adAjojoy “AOU ‘dads sijvoanforuw (snydojno ) snqojowoH ‘999 — 99 ‘S314 ‘19adse [es10p ‘wm -ouosau ‘€99 32] pury ‘799 ‘zoadse [esiop ‘sd}1319} pug pue Js] ‘wnapodoid ‘199 ‘ad4jojoy ‘’aou ‘dads sauvan (snydojno ) snqojowop ‘£99— 199 'sd1 4 ‘JOodse jesıop ‘wunjouosaw ‘099 ‘82 pury ‘659 ‘adAjojoy ‘AOU ‘dads snJDUAD (snydojno ) sngojowoy ‘099 ‘659 ‘S3I4 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 454 u VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x 0°S :6L9 ‘8L9 TL9 : X OT :LLITELI IL9I ‘699 : X | ‘9UIJ-A[ESS (049 ‘899 ‘L99 “MEI pury JAUUI ‘6/9 ‘me[9 pury Jarno ‘g/9 joodse jesiop ‘peau ‘1/9 ‘399dse jesıop ‘2118191 IS] ‘9/9 :19>2dse jezuouy ‘peau ‘¢/9 !199dse [esıop "wnJouossw ‘pL9 :ıdjed ‘¢79 ‘euuaque Jo xade ‘7/9 ‘Burm 3105 JO YZ pue VZ + WI SUISA JO [IBJ2P ‘149 ‘s3uIM ‘OL9 ‘Burm PUIU JO YS PUB [U +IS SUISA JO [erop ‘699 !euuajue ‘899 ‘Joodse je1arel 'snyigey ‘199 ‘adAjojoy ‘AOU ‘dads snunosgo (snydojno ) sngojowoy *6L9—L99 ‘SBA TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 456 x 0'S 069 ‘689 “S89: x 0° T:L89 ‘989 ‘p89 ‘€89 ‘189 : X | AUIJ-A[EIS :889 ‘789 ‘089 ‘MEJo pury Jono ‘069 “eUUG UR Jo xade ‘689 ‘euuajue ‘889 ‘39adse |e]uo1]} ‘peau ‘/g9 ‘100d “SB [BSIOP ‘peau ‘989 :ME9 pury Jouui ‘989 !ıdjed ‘pgg ‘8urm pury Jo YS PUB WZ + VI SUI9A JO [IeJap ‘[89 ‘joodse [U19Je] ‘snziqey ‘089 ‘adAjojoy ‘ = PUB | Y + IS SUIAA JO [EJ>P ‘Egg !sduım ‘789 :BuIM 210] JO WZ ‘AOU “dads sijpounfo1uv (snydojno ) snqojowoy ‘069—089 ‘814 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x O'S :00L ‘669 ‘969 : X 0°7 :TOL ‘IOL ‘L69L "S69 "E69 ‘769: X | ‘auIj-a]eos :869 ‘p69 ‘169 ‘Joodse jesJop ‘3113137 38] ‘ZOL ‘died ‘107 !euusjue Jo xade ‘QOL :MEJ9 pury JOUUT ‘669 ‘SBUIM ‘869 :199dse [es10p ‘pray ‘/69 ‘Mea pury Jajno ‘969 !199dse [eJuo1) ‘peau ‘<69 ‘joodse [8191] 'snyıgey PUIY JO YS Pue JU + IS SUSA JO [II2P ‘769 iguu UE ‘ 169 ‘edMojoy © ‘769 ‘Burm pury JO WZ pue WZ + VI SUIAA Jo [IE]9p ‘£69 !sduım nou ‘oads sniydixosau (snydoyng ) sngojowog ‘TOL—169 ‘S34 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 x O'S ‘1IL—60L "LOL: X OT EIL TIL “POL! x I ‘aUIj-ajeos :g0L ‘90L ‘SOL “EOL ‘399dse jeısye] ‘sinds JeIqn pury ‘ey, ‘309dse [etage] ‘ands puiy Jajno jo xade Jo [IP ‘OIL ‘Jooyseq “S2OSBIA| “BILIJV'S ‘P (UOXIN) sndbiud (pivdy) sngojowog “EIL ‘OIL ‘S314 ‘39adse [erayej ‘Inds pury 1o3no Jo xade ‘syje [elskıyJ ‘ues TYAN “VSN ‘© (KeS) 4osuna (vijpdy) sngojowop ‘| | L ‘314 ‘19adse [e193E] ‘sinds jergn pury ‘71 ‘ands pury 193n0 Jo xade jo [Ie] -2P ‘602 ‘eqwede N ‘vluezuey ‘© (uorawe) snwänsıpıjjod (puvdy) sngojowo ‘TIL ‘60L ‘831-4 ‘821 pury ‘adAjojoy ““Aou ‘dads snipynu -up (snydojno ) snqopowoy ‘gQL ‘314 ‘ME|o pury 193n0 ‘SH uoewny ‘eipur ‘è ‘(UOSs}B3Uag) 1042409 (snydojng ) sngojowog ‘LOL ‘Bid “Baj pury ‘adAjojo ‘“Aou ‘dads 40/0019 (snydojno ) snqojowop ‘90L ‘314 ‘391 pury “SOL !12adse jesiop ‘wunjouosawu ‘pol ‘2d4joçou “AOU ‘aads smydixosou (snydojnQ) snqojowoH ‘SOL ‘+OL “83814 ‘891 pury ‘adAyojoy “Aou ‘99ds snanasqo (snydojno ) snqojowoy ‘COL ‘314 9 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x O'S WZL ETL OCL: X OT TTL ITL “OIL “LIL SIL: X | Naun-opeos “BIL ‘OTL “PIL Mejo pury 1970 ‘p7/ ‘Meo pury Jouur ‘eq, ‘oodse jesıop ‘peau ‘77 ‘1924 -se [eJuO1J ‘peau ‘]7/ ‘Joodse Jauul Yuawdas [euusjue PIE ‘OZL SWZ PUB VZ + VI SUIOA JO [rerop ‘614 euusjue ‘gj, !euusjue Jo xade ‘LIL ‘sduim ‘914 ‘idjed ‘sy, ‘y9odse [esse] ‘snyigey ‘pi, ‘adAjojou “Aou ‘oads sn4o1do4ovw (snydopng) snqojowoH ‘pZL—VIL ‘SA = DIL 1979 ’ 7 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 460 x O'S :TEL:X PL 67L: X | ‘OUIJ-A[BIS :£EL “OEL LUL: X OT EL STL ‘OL “STL 32] Pury ‘Egy ‘euuaque JO xade ‘7£/ :399dst [esıop ‘wnjouosauwu ‘TEL ‘adAjojoy “ou ‘ads snjpjnorog “NI SNJOINSOXT “EEL EL "Bl 32] Puly ‘OEL :399dse [esıop ‘ond1a3 18] pue wnapodoid ‘67, ‘adAjojoy ‘’aou ‘dads snipynpun (sngoJoı ~ADYD) SNQOJOWOH ‘OEL ‘6TL ‘814 “adse jes1op ‘wunjouosauu ‘g7/ :33] pury ‘771 ‘yoadse [es1op ‘2}1819) 35] pue wnspodoud jo jjey [eo -ıde ‘97, ‘Burm pury Jo YS pue [Y + DS SUISA JO [leap ‘CZL ‘edAjojou ‘’aou ‘dads snsa1dosonw (snydojng ) snqojowoy ‘87L— STL ‘SBI VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x OT LPL ‘OPL ‘ppl ‘TL “IPL GEL BEL: X O'S EPL “OL “DEL: X I ‘9UIJ-A[BDS :Sp/ ‘LEL “SEL “PEL VOodse jesıop ‘2118197 JS] ‘ipl ‘oadse Jessop ‘umouosaw ‘gp, :39] pur ‘spl ‘oodse [eruo ‘peoy ‘pp, ‘euuaque Jo xade ‘ep/ !ıdjed ‘zp, :1oodse [es10p ‘Tp ‘MEjo pury 193no ‘Op BUIM pury JO YS PUR |Y + IS SUIAA JO [IIOP “GEL ‘FUIM 3105 JO WZ PUB WZ + VI SUI9A JO [1BI2P “BEL ‘ ‘peau ‘SAUIM ‘LEL (MBI ‘9e, ‘euuaque ‘SEL ‘joodse [1918] 'snyigey ‘pEL ‘adAjojoy “Aou ‘oads s142U1924 (snydojng) snqojowoy ‘Lyl—vEL ‘SF4 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 462 x OS ITSL!X OT SSL—ESL “6PL = X | '9UI-9[EIS “ISL ‘OSL ‘Spl ‘199dse Jessop ‘wunjouosau *¢¢/ ‘9nF197 Js] pue wnapodoud ‘ps, ‘39adse jejuo1] ‘peay ‘ESL ‘MIS pury Jouul ‘76/ :32] pu ‘162 ‘s8uim ‘OS ‘3oodse [esıop ‘pray ‘6p :19>dse Jesaye] ‘smugey ‘gp, ‘9d30)99] ‘(uoswoy J) snaoijnuuw ajaZ ‘SSL—8tL ‘S314 463 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x OT :S9L “POL “TIL ‘O9L ‘6SL © X O'S LSL: X | ‘oUI-O[BIS :E9/ “19L ‘BSL “OSL ‘199dse jezuouj ‘peau ‘9, :yoodse [es10p “wnjouosaw ‘po, !euusjue ‘¢g/ ‘Joodse jesıop ‘an319) Js] pue wnapodoid ‘79, ‘Baj pury ‘194 ‘peau ‘092 ‘idred ‘65, ‘s8urm ‘gg, :MeI9 puly Jajno ‘/6/ ‘joadse [ae] ‘snyqey ‘g¢/ ‘adAyojoy “(ayıny) ısoou 2/27 * G ‘ ‘joodse jesJop S9L—ISL ‘SUA TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 464 VIEL ELLOLL 220,592 LOE x | ‘QUT]-9789S8 :pLL ‘69L '89L 99L ‘MEI9 PUIY Jouut “OLL ‘joodse [esıop ‘s9ni319) puz pue 15] ‘wnapododd ‘¢// :35] puly “pli :39adse jequoyy ‘pray ‘ELL ‘oodse jessie] ‘uoina[dosau jo Wed 1011ajU8 JO [IEIOP "TLL ‘joodse jesıop ‘wnjouosaw ‘]// ‘39adse yesiop ‘peau ‘OLL “euuIue ‘69, SBUIM ‘g9/ !euuajur Jo xade ‘/9/ :399dse [eee] ‘smigey ‘99, “ad4jojou ‘(X99q9san]y) 51427 3/9Z ‘9LL—99L ‘STIA 46‘ VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. X OTT OBL EX TI IL ‘6LL IX | DuNj-opeos :BLL ‘x 90 :LLL ‘Wadse [equo1] ‘peau ‘134 ‘399dse [eleve] ‘ wınj[a]n9s Jo [IeJ>p ‘087 ‘192dse jesıop ‘pray ‘6LL ‘1oadse jesaye] ‘smiigey ‘LL ‘821 pury ‘LLL ‘adAoj[e Jo OBZ MA ‘adAyojoy “Aou ‘dads snipiound ajaZ ‘18LTLLL ‘$314 EN TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 466 À x | ‘auij-a[eos ZL: X TI “EBL TEL "SBUIM ‘pg/ ‘1oadse jesJop ‘saJ1819) PIE—S] ‘EBL ‘199dSe [eS10p ‘WnJouosau ‘Tg ‘adAyojoy ‘aou ‘dads snypjound 2127 ‘98L—T8L ‘STA £8L N x 077 :S6L—T6L '06L 68L : *X O'S 16L ‘L8L X | ‘aulj-ajeos :gg/ ‘98/ ‘SQL ‘JOodse [21938] ‘wnjjornos JO [eI>P ‘S6L ‘399dse jes1op ‘Sa}I1319} PIE—S] ‘pol :199dse [eJuoı) ‘peau ‘C6L ‘8umm 910] JO Q[ AD UIA JO |IPJ2P ‘Z6L AME] pury JoUUT ‘164 ‘Joodse [esıop "wnJouosaw ‘O6L ‘19adse [esıop ‘pray ‘68L ‘sBuim ‘gg; ‘euuaque Jo xade ‘/g/ !euusjur ‘987 ‘joodse [else] ‘snziqey ‘Cg/ ‘adAjojou ‘’AOU ‘dads safıqnaaognı 21927 ‘S6L—SBL ‘SA 467 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. Tong TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 468 x 0°7 :€08—008 : X OS S08 ‘O8 “66L : X I ‘AUII-21B98 :B6L—96L ‘MEIO 2105 J9UUI ‘608 ‘MBI PULY Jeuur ‘p0g ‘joodse jeJUO I ‘peau ‘€09 :19>dse [es10p ‘peau ‘708 ‘1oodse [esıop ‘911319) JS] pue wnapodoid ‘10g :ıdjed ‘puuajUue JO xode ‘664 !SFUIM ‘g6L ‘euuaqUue ‘L6L ‘ ‘joodse jessie] ‘snjiqeu ‘96/ ‘ad303991 ‘ (UOSSOID) sısapp1aalu 2/27 ‘ S08—96L ‘008 Sd 469 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x Q'S E19 X | ‘Ul]-a]B9s :718 ‘O18: X OT 118 '608—L08 : X 11 :908 “MPLS PUIU IQUUI ‘adAyojoy “Aou ‘ads snjpjound ajaZ ‘€18 814 199] pury ‘adAjojoy “Aou ‘dads safijnosoqgni 2127 ‘718 ‘FIA ‘joadse [esıop "wnjouosau ‘adAjojoy ‘Aou ‘dads 5144241914 ajaZ ‘11g 314 35] pury ‘adf10[oy “Aou ‘dads syjov4s 2/2Z ‘018 314 ‘idjed ‘608 ‘1oadse [esıop ‘wnjouosaw ‘808 ‘edAyojoy “(Y9agasanyW) ANWUafiSSDAI 2127 ‘608 ‘808 ‘S814 “Wodse jesıop ‘WNJOUOSAU 'L08 ‘35] pui ‘908 °2dA}0199] ‘(UOSSaID) SISADJIAAIU 2/2Z ‘L08 ‘908 “SBI TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 470 x OS “E78 ‘618: X OT PTS ITS 818-918 © X | ‘OUIJ-O[EIS :778 ‘078 ‘S18 ‘PIS Joodse Jessop ‘218197 JS] pue winapodo.d ‘978 :mejo pury Jouul ‘¢7g :35] pu ‘7zg ‘dyed ‘178 ‘euuaque ‘078 ‘euuaque Jo xade ‘618 ‘39adse [esiop "wnjouosau ‘818 ‘joodse [esıop ‘pray ‘1g 1399dse jequou] ‘pray ‘918 :1099dse jerorel ‘snyigey ‘Ç18 !sFurm ‘p18 ‘adAjoau ‘(ejoulds) smuoyiydo4o]y 2127 ‘978—t18 ‘STK 118 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. ‘678 LISST8 ‘678 ‘ ME]9 pury J9UUI ‘g7g ‘STUIAM ‘ x O'7 :EE8 1ER 'OEB X O'S TES 878: X | ‘9UI[-9[eos LZQ ‘euuajue ‘ 978 : ‘ yoadse [81312] ‘joadse jesıop ‘3113197 Is] ‘ggg !euusjue Jo xade ‘zE ‘ g ‘399dse [esıop ‘peau ‘[¢gQ ‘19adSe |e]juo1j ‘peau ‘0£8 ‘39] puly smiqeu ‘szg ‘adAjojou ‘“Aou ‘dads smaouroid ajaZ ‘CCR —ST8 ‘SBI 7,1979 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 472 x O'7 ‘78 ‘6€8 “BEB: X O'S (018 ‘SES : X I ‘OUIJ-ABIS :[p8 ‘LES ‘ogg ‘peg joodse [e]uo1] ‘peau ‘748 ‘821 pury ‘| pg ‘mejo pury JOUUT ‘08 ‘39adse [esıop ‘911319 IS] ‘GEZ :199dse [esıop ‘peau ‘ggg ‘eu snyrgey ‘peg ‘edAjojoy ‘(X99gasanyy) Anwafissvad 2/97 ‘T8 —VE8 (STIA -uajue ‘/ç8 isBuim ‘9çg ‘euuaque jo xade ‘seg ‘joodse [else] ‘ VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x O'S :158 LWB: X OT :TS8 ‘058 ‘618 ‘Sp8* ‘ x | ‘auI[-a[eos :9pg ‘pps “Eps “JOodse jes1op 'saJ1d19) pug —JS] ‘758 MEI9 pui Jano ‘]6g :199dse [es10p ‘peau ‘068 ‘399dse |esiop ‘wnjouossw ‘6pg :BUIM 2105 JO AI Usa Jo [erop ‘gpg ‘euuaque Jo xade ‘/pg ‘sBuim ‘9pg ‘joadse [e}uo1] ‘peau ‘spy !euusjue ‘ prs :joadse [else] 'snyrgey ‘Epg ‘adAjojoy “Aou ‘dads s1j10D48 aJaZ ‘7SR—E pg ‘SDA TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 474 x 07.998198 ‘65 8:% O'S ‘858 ‘968 PS8 ‘Xx | ‘auIj-ajeos :098 ‘LSR ‘SSR ‘ECR ‘199adse |esiop ‘ay18197 Js] pue wnapodod ‘pgg ‘joodse [esıop ‘peau ‘¢gg :399dse [e]uo1} ‘peau ‘798 (399dse jesıop wnjouossw ‘]9g ‘821 pury ‘098 !ıdjed ‘668 : pury J9UUI ‘968 :SBUIM ‘668 ‘Mejo pury 19Ino ‘psg !yoadse [erste] joodse [e1]UdA-O19}e] ‘oyqipuew JO [rejop ‘g6g ‘BUU2]UE ‘/6G :MEJI (joewso M) 401dasap 2127 ‘y98—ES8 (SHIA ‘snjiquu ‘ggg ‘9dA30399[ ‘ 475 VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x OS :1L8 ‘OLB : X 0°7 ‘9L8—€L8 ‘698 ‘998 :x | ‘ouij-a[eos :Z/8 ‘898 ‘198 ‘998 ‘199dse [esıop ‘218193 Js] pue wnapodoid ‘9/8 ‘39adse jezuouy ‘pray -ouosaw “pl g :Idyed ‘g/g ‘Baj pury ‘7/8 !Mejo pury I9UUI ‘1/8 ‘ ‘euu9 ue Jo xade ‘078 ‘Burm pury Jo YS PUB IN SSBUIM ‘g9g ‘euuoaque ‘/9g ‘Joodse jes1op ‘peau ‘998 ‘309dse [e197e] ‘snyrgey ‘ ‘6/8 ‘19adse [esıop ‘wm + IS SUIAA JO [IIOP ‘698 698 ‘adj0]oy ‘(uossa19) s1s4D11jJDd 2727 ‘9L8—S98 ‘SUA 476 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 SG SS Figs. 877—880, inner aspect of 4th antennal segment. 877, 878, Homolobus (Chartolobus) infumator (Ly- le), 9, Netherlands, Nunspeet: 879, 880, Homolobus (Apatia) truncator (Say), 9, U.S.A., Michigan, Ann Arbor. 877: 1.1 x ; 878, 880: 2.5 x ; 879: scale-line, | x VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. 477 Fig. 881, Homolobus (Apatia) truncator (Say), 9, U.S.A., Michigan, Ann Arbor, inner hind claw. Figs. 882—884, Exasticolus fuscicornis (Cameron), 9, Brazil, Nova Teutonia. 882, inner aspect of apex of hind tibia; 883, 884: inner hind claw. 881: 2.1 x ; 882: scale-line, 1 x ; 883: 2.3 x ; 884: 4.6 x 478 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, AFL. 7, 1979 Figs. 885—888, inner hind claw of 9. 885—887, Homolobus (Homolobus) discolor (Wesmael), Nether- lands, Wijster. 888, Homolobus (Chartolobus) infumator (Lyle), Netherlands, Nunspeet. 885: scale-line, 1 x ; 886: 2.5 x ; 887: 5.0 x ; 888: 2.3 x 4 / + VAN ACHTERBERG: Revision Zelinae auct. x 0'Z :006—868 ‘968° X 0°S :L68 ‘P68 “E685 X | ‘PUl]-2]B9S :668 ‘T68—688 ‘199dse [esıop ‘peau ‘006 ‘399dse jesıop "unjouosauı ‘668 :192dse reruouy ‘peau ‘g6g ‘euuaque Jo xade ‘16g ‘oadse [esıop ‘3113191 IS] ‘968 139] pury ‘668 ‘MEI9 pury 197n0 ‘peg ‘died jerqel ‘€68 isFuim ‘768 ‘euuaque ‘168 ‘199dse Ferse] ‘snyrgey ‘068 :JONSOdIAO ‘688 ‘adAjojou “Aou “dads purdour DIJUOWADYD ‘006688 ‘STIA 688 ir ra se nh bret At 4 } 7 NI pa \ U Lo “ ; i h ; i ; # à \ | * i a » A er k N ee STRAGI ERBE, RR AN ATR NIM N ae pare ei y Bi | Mc Don i Rate È : Ae, Lt u A rid E 4 u a. B he i al > 4 x Ù TELA A eae o: a (ali ii een 7 ren; ’ n i Di 4 Vu MAI i 9 He, iy erie. 231 ee Sa = ee Eu nou ha cle ME PE À: UNE ee Mi ee ery NUR | 1% AN: huis M st ROOMS u LA VW ‘ (3 u i ! x | | paci n 1 À : h \ LA Li R (12 i Ì | ni Î i i 9 i i Fu : ) pi 1 { \ 1 1 i 10 1 | N ; i | 5 i , a 2 | ; I D 1 Le (7) M i Li È A j t 5 _ Lf | Î i i I) 7 à 2 à UH ; > ve | Qu F | i î | 4 N y à Der à t q I ì, a = Il 5 N fj MF ea) BN coli ap |S: PERE ee | ane | 7 eed rn | | N A, cme Bookbinding Co. Inc. 100 Cambridge St. Charlestown, MA 02129 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR DE NEDERLANDSE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VERENIGING REGISTER VAN DEEL 122 * Een sterretje duidt een naam nieuw voor de wetenschap aan * An asterisk denotes a name new to science COLEOPTERA armatus 49 castaneus 47 sqq Cremastocheilus 47 sqq stathamae 49 DIPTERA Acutipula 113, 122 alpium 103 ambigua 115 americana 112 Apeilesis 118 Architipula 101 benesignata 103 Beringotipula 114, 122 Brachypremna 99, 102 Ceroctenia 118 cheethami 103 clara 101 Ctenophora 104, 111, [112, 116, 118, 120, 121 Dolichopeza 102, 108, [109, 112, 118, 119, 120 Dendrotipula 111, 115, [122 Dicera 118 Dictenidia 112, 116, 118, [121 Electrotipula 104 Emodotipula 122 Flabellifera 118 hoi 111 Leptina 118 Limnophila 99 Lindnerina 122 Lunatipula 105, 114, 115, [122 Mediotipula 114, 122 Megistocera 99, 102, 108 Nephrotoma 92, 110, [111, 115, 118, 120, 122 Nigrotipula 110, 112, [118, 120 Nobilitipula 111 Nophretomodes 111 Odonatisca 114, 115, 122 odontostyla 103 Oreomyza 105, 114, 115, [122 Oropeza 99, 120 Pachyrrhina 118 Pales 118 parva 116 Platytipula 113, 122 Plocimas 121 Plusiomyia 118 Prionocera 101, 110, 112, [118, 120 Prionota 121 Pselliophora 120 Pseudolimnophila 99 Pterelachisus 105, 114, [115, 122 quadristriata 92 rossica 116 rufina 103 Savtshenkia 103, 114, [122 Schummelia 113, 122 simulans 103 Stygoropis 118 Tanyptera 111, 112, 116, [118, 121 Tipula 92, 103, 110, 111, [113, 114, 117, 120, 122 trifasciata 92, 115 Vestiplex 105, 114, 115, [122 Xiphura 118 Yamatotipula 113, 122 HOMOPTERA Opsius 188 stactogalus 188 HYMENOPTERA *abbreviatus 131, 132, 143, [148, 182 abdominator 253 *acares 329, 336, 353 aerofacies 132, 145, 152, [183 aestivalis 319, 320 argentifrons 127, 133, 140, [151, 192 alaskensis 364 albiditarsus 258, 259, 362, [375 albifacies 130, 133, 145, [152, 187 albipalpis 278, 283, 355 Aleiodes 2 *alphitopus 133, 140, 152, [195 *alternipes 279, 292, 355 Amicrocentrum | sqq angulicornis 131, 144, 147, [157 annulicornis 258, 322, 324, [351 annulicrus 361, 363 *annulatus 329, 342, 352, [358 annulipes 127, 135, 136, [146, 224 *antefurcalis 330, 345, 353 Apatia 246, 260, 276 sqq *araguensis 134, 139, 150, [221 arenivagus 127, 133, 144, [152, 190 *armatus 327, 330, 343, [353 assamensis 383 atra 127 atricornis 127, 133, 142, [151, 194 australiensis 249, 278, 282, [357 Austrozele 383, 384, 385 482 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, 1979 *ssp. ascillaris [(P. pygmaeus) 130, 135, [137, 149, 233 *basifuscus 131, 143, 145, [148, 160 bengtssoni 383 *bicolor 329, 333, 352 *biformis 131, 148, 169 *bifurcatus 322, 350, 357 bohemani 328, 332, 351, [358 brevicauda 268, 269 f. brevicaudus [(C. cruentatus) 264, 269 *brevinervis 264, 267 brevipetiolatus 131, 143, [144, 164 Brulleia 5, 29, 32 brunnipes 384, 385 burmensis 35, 36 calcarator 285, 288 calcitrator 376 caligatus 253, 258, 361, [364 carbonator 328, 330, 351, [358 *castaneipes 133, 151, 197 Charmon 246 sqq, 257, [261, 263 sqq Charmontia 246 sqq, 261, [262 Chartolobus 246, 257, 260, [304 sqq chlorophthalmus 258, 285, [289, 362, 370 chrysophthalmus 370 cingulatus 312, 315, 354 clavicornis 129, 134, 136, [146, 206 *colonensis 133, 141, 198 compressiventris 32, 34, [35 concolor 5, 10, 13 corneimacula 35, 36 crassicalcaratus 285, 289 crassifemur 362, 374 *crenulatus 329, 341, 358 cruentatus 257, 264, 268 Isqq *ssp. cubanus (P. areni- [vagus) 133, 144, 192 curvinervis 5, 7, 11, 14 *curvinervosa 38 Cyclocormus 268 dauricus 313, 320, 351 deceptor 376 f. deceptor (Z. albidi- [tarsus) 259, 362, 375, 377 *denticollis 135, 138, 229 *depressus 132, 153, 181 discolor 257, 276, 313, [319, 351 dispar 376, 380 *Distilirella 29, 34, 38 dubius 384 *duckei 134, 138, 212 elagabalus 249, 278, 280 [356 *emarginatus 132, 142, 185 *ethiopicus 312, 318, 354 *Eubadizon 254, 268 Eubazus 384 *evansi 132, 145, 153, 184 *Exastieolus 246 sqq, 257, [260, 271 excavatus 2 *exilis 5, 11, 16 extensor 264, 265 *facialis 130, 135, 137, 149, [234 ferruginea 252 filicornis 384 flagitator 258, 329, 334, [352, 353, 358 flavipenne 5, 11, 17 Formica 47 sqq *fritzi 133, 142, 150, 199 fuscicornis 271 sqq fuscitarsis 285, 289 geminator 334 Gorytes 128 gracilis (Charmon) 265, [266 *sracilis (Zele) 362, 375 Homolobus 246 sqq, 260, [276 sqq, 311 sqq *huddlestoni 290, 297, 356 Hymenochaonia 385 *incarinatus 134, 153, 222 infumator 249, 305, 350, [352, 353, 357 *inopina (Charmontia) [263 *inopinus (Homolobus) [313, 316, 354 integra 47 sqq f. japonica (H. testace- [ator) 305, 307 joergenseni 128, 129, 135, [136, 148, 235 *jugularis 132, 143, 178 *lacteiceps 280, 294, 355 levis 361, 365 littoralis 130, 132, 142, [147, 171 longicaudus 384 longiventris 131, 136, 146, [154 luteus 268 Macrocentrus 1, 7, 8, 383 *macropterus 330, 347, 354 *Macroxyela 252 *maculatus 279, 291, 355 maculiceps 385 marginatus 186 *marthae 134, 139, 153, 208 maximus 376, 380 melanonotus 385 melleus 285, 289 *meridionalis 322, 326, 351 medius 127, 133, 137, 150, [200 *menkei 134, 139, 216 *mesoxiphius 330, 346, 353 *metanus 134, 139, 154, [210 Meteorus 253, 261, 360, [384, 385 mexicanus 49 Microtypus 251 Mimesa 127, 129, 173 minutus 131, 145, 162 Myrmecocystus 49 *nepalensis 329, 340, 352, [358 nigriceps 271, 275 nigricollis 370 nigricornis 385 *nigritarsis 305, 310, 357 *nipponensis 329, 338, 352 *nitens 134, 139, 150, 210 niveitarsis 258, 362, 368, [370 nudator 370 *obscurus (Homolobus) [330, 344, 353 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, 1979 *obscurus (Pluto) 134, 140, [214 *occidentalis 329, 337, 353 *occipitalis 134, 140, 217 ophioninus 249, 257, 278, [280, 298, 350, 356, 357 Oulophus 246, 258, 261, [327 sqq pallidistigma (Pluto) 13i, 145, 147, 158 pallidistigmus [(Homolobus) 300, 303, 356 pallidus 385 pallitarsis 376 f. pallitarsis [(Z. albiditarsus) 362, 379 Parischnogaster 2 pauper 173 pectoralis 268, 269 f. peronatus [(Z. niveitarsis) 362, 370 peronotus 368 Phylacter 246 sqq, 258, [260, 276, 285, 321 sqq Phylax 276, 285, 321, 385 *picinervis 362, 373 *Platyxanion 11 pleuralis 268, 269 Pluto 127 sqq Polyergus 48 priapus 279, 293, 355 Protelus 359 Psenia 127 sqq pulchricornis 280, [296, 356 *punctatellus 130, 132, 142, [152, 179 *punctatus 361, 376 pygmaeus 128, 135, 137, [149, 230 *rectinervis 330, 348, 354 reticulatus 376 romani 376, 381 rosenbergi 273, 275 rotundus 131, 144, 165 *rufanalis 134, 140, 150, [220 rufibasis 133, 141, 149, [186 rufithorax 279, 289, 355 rufulus 376 *rugosus 312, 314, 354 *rugulosus 133, 151, 197 sayi 143, 153, 173 *scytinus 133, 141, 203 separandus 376 seyrigi 3, 5, 10, 11 var. sibiricus (Z. caligatus) [364 simillima 277, 285, 289 simplex 312, 313, 351 *simplicicollis 134, 140, 215 smithii 128, 135, 136, 146, [226 somaliensis 386 *spangleri 131, 146, 147, [162 *spinicollis 134, 138, 217 splendens 370 *stenopygidialis 132, 141, [176 *stramineipes 133, 140, [151, 204 *strigellus 133, 141, 205 suffusus 131, 144, 146, 166 testaceator 305, 307, 359, [376, 380 texanus 132, 142, 170 tibialis 145, 151, 188 townsendi 128, 134, 139, [153, 207 *trilobatus 134, 138, 148, [218 sp.aff. trilobatus 138, 220 *truncatoides 280, 300, [350, 356, 357 truncator 257, 277 sqq, [285, 350, 352, 353, 357 *tuberculatus 272 *tuberculifer 361, 368 undulatus 305, 309, 350, [357 unicolor 285, 289 wesmaeli 305, 306 Xiphozele 29 sqq, 34, 36 Zele 29, 246 sqa, 258, 261, [285, 359 sqq, 386 Zemiotes 246 sqq, 359 *zonatus 134, 139, 215 *ssp. zuliensis (P. medius) [133, 137, 150, 202 LEPIDOPTERA abietaria 258 Abraxas 259 483 absinthiata 258 aceraria 258, 259 aceris 258 Acleris 257, 259, 267, 270, [379 Acrobasis 258, 370 acronycta 258 Adaina 259 adelphella 258 adusta 259 adustata 259 aemula 259 aeruginea 259 Aethes 259 Agonopterix 257, 306, 308 Agrotis 257 Alcis 257, 258, 306, 308, [336 alniaria 258 alsines 259 Alsophila 257, 258 alstroemeriana 257, 307, [308 Amathes 257, 286 Anarta 259, 379 Angerona 258 annulata 258, 336 Antheraea 259, 379 Anticlea 259 Apamea 258 Argyresthia 259 Aristotelia 259 armigera 257 Artaversala 64 apicitripunctana 257, 367 Apoda 259 arboreus 267 Archips 257, 258, 270 Arctornis 257 atomaria 257, 258, 308 atrupictella 257, 267 aurinia 258 avellana 259 badiata 259 badiocapitella 65, 68, 70 bajaria 257 ballovi 257 betulella 258, 370 bicornutus 65, 81 bidentata 258, 259 *bipinnatellus 65, 75 bitactata 257, 286 Blepharita 259 Boarmia 258 484 brassicae (Mamestra) [258, 259 brizella 259 brockeella 259 bruceata 257, 267 brumata 259 Bupalus 257 Busseola 5 Cabera 258 caesiata 258, 259, 336 Campaea 256, 257, 258, [336 canosaria 257, 308 canusella 257, 267 Caripeta 258, 336 Caryocolum 259 Catarhoe 259 cebraria 257 celtis 257 cervinalis 258 Chesias 259 Chloroclysta 259 Choristoneura 257, 267 citrata 258 Cnephalocrocis 258 Cnephasia 259 Coleophora 257, 267 Colotois 259 communana 259 comptoniella 258, 370 consociella 258 contatella 258, 370 continuaria 259 contortella 259 coronata 258 Cosmia 258 crocallis 258, 259 cruda 259 cuculata 259 Deileptenia 259 deodarae 257 Dichonia 259 Dioryctria 257, 267 distaleus 65, 66, 78 divisata 258, 336 Douglasia 259 Dryobotodes 259 Ectoedemia 63 Ectropis 257 elinguaria 258, 259 Ematurga 257, 258, 300 Enargia 258, 325 Eunomos 258 Entephria 258, 336 Enypia 259, 379 Epinotia 257, 259, 267 Erannis 257 eremita 259 Eucordylea 257, 267 Eucosma 257, 267 Eulophonotus 5, 16 Euphydryas 258, 259 Eupithecia 258, 336, 365, [379 Euproctis 257 Eupsilia 258 Eurhodope 258 Eurrhypara 258 Evagora 257, 267 exempta 257 exigua 257 expallidata 258, 259 Falseuncaria 259 fasciata 257 fasciolaria 257 Fidonia 257 filmata 258, 365 fiscellaria 257, 308 flammea 258, 259 fluctuata 259 Fomoria 63, 82 forficalis 258 francillana 259 frugiperda 257 fumiferana 257, 267 furcata 259, 379 fusca 5 fuscana 257, 267 gamma 257 Glaucolepis 64 Gloveria 257 Gnorimoschema 257 goossensiata 258 gracilis 259 granitata 259, 379 Grapholitha 257, 270 griseana 259 grossulariata 259 harrisonata 258, 336 hastata 258, 259, 379, [382 hastiana 259 Hypagyrtis 286 Hypena 259, 382 hypericella 85, 87 infuscana 257, 267 Heliothis 257 Hoffmannophila 257, 267 Hoplodrina 259 hostilis 258 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, 1979 indigata 258, 259, 267 interrogationis 259 Ipomorpha 259 Jaspidia 259 Hydriomena 259, 379 Hypagyrtis 257 koekeritziana 259 Lacanobia 259 lamda 258, 325 Lambdina 257, 308 Larentia 258 lariciata 259 Laspeyresia 259, 267 legatella 259 Leucoptera 259 Ligdia 259 limitata 258, 336 Lithocampa 258 Lithophane 258, 325 liturata 259 longipalpata 258, 336 luctuata 259 luteata 258, 365 Lycia 257, 286, 308 Lymantria 259 Macaria 259, 382 Malacosoma 259 Mamestra 258, 259 margaritata 256, 257 Margaritia 257, 258, 259 medinalis 258 Melanolophia 258, 336 Meroptera 258, 370 Metoponia 259 Microcalyptris 59 sqq microdactyla 259 milleri 257, 267 miniosa 259 minutacinderella 257, 267 moillieti 259, 379 molesta 257, 267, 270 Mompha 259 monacha 259 murinana 257, 267 myrmeleon 5, 16 myrtilli 259, 379 Mythimna 258 nebulosa 259 Nephopterix 258 Nepticula 59 Nepytia 257, 308 neustria 259 nigricana 267 nigroangulata 258, 259, [336, 379 notata 259, 382 nubilalis 259 Nyctobia 258, 259, 336, [379 obeliscata 259 Obrussa 64 obsoleta 258 ocnerostomella 259 Odontopera 258, 259 oleracea 259 Oligoneura 64 olivaceae 258, 336 operculella 257 Operophthera 257, 259, [267 Ophiusa 32, 36 Oporinia 336 ornithogalli 257 orthogonia 257, 286 Orthosia 257, 258, 259, [325 Ostrinia 259 ostryella 258, 370 oxycoccana 257, 267 palpata 258, 365 Panolis 258, 259 pennaria 259 perlata 258, 336 Phlyctaenodes 258 Phycita 257, 258 piceaella 257, 267 pinatubana 257 piniarius 257 piniata 257, 286 placidata 258, 336 Plusia 257 Polia 259 Polyphaenis 258 polyphenus 259, 379 pomonaria 259 pomonella 259 populeti 258 Porosagrotis 257, 286 postalatratus 65, 77 pravella 258, 370 proboscidalis 259, 382 Prodenia 257 prunaria 258 pseudospretella 257, 267 pseudotsugata 259, 379 Ptelea 83 pteliaeella 84 pulchraria 336 punctulata 65, 66, 71 purpurata 259 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 122, 1979 pusaria 258 pygarga 259 quadripunctata 257 radicana 257, 267 ramosa 258 Recurvaria 257, 267 reniculella 257, 267 repandata 257, 258, 306, [307, 308, 336 retusa 259 Rheumaptera 258, 259, [379, 382 Rhyparia 259 ribeata 259 roborella 257, 258 rosaceana 257, 270 rosana 258 rubricosta 257 rubrifasciella 258, 370 ruficiliana 259 rufimitrana 258 ruralis 258 Salebria 258, 370 sanguiguttata 257 satyrata 258, 365 scirpi 60, 65, 66 scitella 259 segetum 257 selepa 257 Semasia 259 Semiothisa 257, 259, 286, [379 sericata 258 sexmaculata 259 simillima 32, 36 smithii 257, 286 solandriana 259 somniaria 257, 308 sorditana 257 Spargania 259 Spilosoma 259 Spodoptera 257 stabilis 257, 258, 259 starki 257, 267 sticticalis 257, 258, 259 Stigmella 63 suasa 259 *suavella 258 subcaesiella 258 Sylepta 258 sylviella 258, 370 Syngrapha 259 tabulana 257, 267 tenuijuxtus 65, 66, 82 Thera 258, 259 thoracealbella 65, 67, 75 Tortrix 258, 259 transversa 258 trapezina 258 triangulum 258, 325 tricororella 259 trifoliata 83 tristicula 257, 286 truncata 259 tumidana 258 turbidalis 258 ulmifoliella 257, 267 unanimis 258 unicolor 258, 336 unipunctaria 259, 379 urticae (Spilosoma) 259 usurpata 258, 365 variana 257, 259, 267, 270, [379 variata 258 venerabilis 257 virgatella 258, 370 viridana 258, 259 Xanthorhoe 259 Xestia 258, 325 ypsillon 258, 325 Zale 259 Zeiraphera 258, 259 zonaria 257, 286, 308 ORTHOPTERA Opsius 130 stactogalus 130 PLANTAE Alnus 370 Betula papyrifera 336 Ceanothus cuneatus 72 Hypericum prolificum 88 Quercus 32 Quercus macrocarpa 379 Rhamnus californica 72 Robinia 370 Salix 336 Scirpus olneyi 71 Scirpus paludosus 67 Sesuvium portolacastrum [202 Tsuga canadensis 267 Vaccinium myrtillus 258, [336 JS. 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