Historic, archived document
Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.
~ A99.9 F764Ub
————
ae Timberland and
eh Woodland Resources
hoot ala Outside National
Foresis in Northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Dwane D. Van Hooser
SAN JAUN RIO ARRIBA is;
McKINLEY LOS ALAMOS =<
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SANDOVAL
” BERNALILLO oe TORRANCE
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PREFACE
The primary objective of Forest Survey—a continuing, nationwide undertaking of the Forest Service, U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture—is to provide an assessment of the renewable resources for the forest lands of the Nation. Fundamental to the accomplishment of the objective are the periodic State-by-State resource inventories. Originally, Forest Survey was authorized by the McSweeney-McNary Act of 1928. The current authorization is through the Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978.
The Intermountain Research Station with headquarters in Ogden, UT, conducts the forest resource inventories for the Rocky Mountain States of Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, western South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, western Texas, and Oklahoma’s Pan- handle. These inventories provide information on the ex- tent and condition of the forests—its volume of wood and stand dynamics as expressed by growth, removals, and mortality for State, privately owned, and most other forest lands not in the National Forest System. These data, when combined with similar information on National Forest lands, provide a basis for forming forest policies and pro- grams and for the orderly development and use of the resources.
THE AUTHOR
DWANE D. VAN HOOSER is project leader of the Forest Survey Research Work Unit at the Intermountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ogden, UT. He holds a B.S. degree in forestry and an M.S. degree in forestry and business management from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. He began his Forest Service career in 1964 with the Southern Forest Ex- periment Station, New Orleans. Before coming to Ogden, he held a staff position at the Forest Service national headquarters in Washington, DC.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Intermountain Research Station gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the New Mexico Natural Resource Department, Forestry Division, and the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. We extend a special note of gratitude to Mr. Ray Gallegos, former New Mexico State Forester, and his staff; Mr. Jack Dossett, New Mexico State Office of the BLM; and the private land owners who provided information and access to field sample locations.
RESEARCH SUMMARY
The forest land base outside the National Forests in northwestern New Mexico totals more than 4 million acres. Three-quarters of these forests are owned by private in- dividuals or companies. Acres supporting stands of timber species total 917,000, while the woodland resources typified by stands of pinyon-juniper account for more than 3 million acres. These areas contain wood volumes of 936 million cubic feet and 1.5 billion cubic feet, respectively. This report presents additional information on the land base, timberland and woodland area, and associated in- ventory volume, growth, and mortality.
CONTENTS Page HALCOGUCHON \.0c..5 «i ear dpa ale eee alee mee rete i PHAGES Ss sks 6Granene apcie ohareearntt yaaa, 2 PGBs oo. 308 4 Saige hs scope ate aaa ee 2 TRIM BAG! « .: 54-4 Gua deste oeutch es eee eee eee 3 WOOGIEAG is) bared o0 5c 7teiccetanthr atc ee ne 6 How the Inventory Was Conducted................ 9 PYAHONG 5.3.0, 4.08 sy aa paca eee 9 PIBIG wicricel neo ad amar tnoue ess oo eee 10 COMPUALON swe xiiins a asta oe ee ee 10 Data: Renlability®. co». 4.6.0 acters ened oe eee 10 TS EMIBOIGOV? inc3sc4.00 aa pie 5, eee cate ee ee 11 FIGTOLEN COS es gaat ARS oe eccents age ore mise eae 14
Forest Survey Tables 1. Total land and water area by ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987 .......... 15 2. Area of forest land outside National Forests with percent standard error in northwestern New Mexico, 1987........................ 16 3. Net volume, net annual growth, and annual mortality of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland outside National Forests with per- cent standard error in northwestern New ION GIS tesa aes ire eee ee 16 4. Total land area outside National Forests by major land class and ownership class in north- western New Mexico, 1987................. v/ Timberland Tables 5. Area of timberland outside National Forests by forest type, stand-size class, and productivity class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987...... 18 6. Area of other publicly owned timberland by forest type, stand-size class, and productivity class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987...... 20 7. Area of privately owned timberland by forest type, stand-size class, and productivity class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987............. 22
September 1987
Intermountain Research Station 324 25th Street Ogden, UT 84401
10.
ae
We
13.
14.
15.
16.
V7.
18.
19.
20.
Zi
22.
23.
Page
. Area of timberland outside National Forests by
stand volume and ownership class in north- western New Mexico, 1987................. 24
. Area of timberland outside National Forests by
forest type and area condition class in north- western New Mexico, 1987................. 25 Number of growing-stock trees on timberland outside National Forests by species and
diameter class in northwestern New Mexico,
SB faster, eters, ene teers Renan: yale ete is A dyes ait 25 Number of cull and salvable dead trees on timberland outside National Forests by owner-
ship class, and softwoods and hardwoods in northwestern New Mexico, 1987............. 26 Net volume of growing stock on timberland out- side National Forests by ownership class,
forest type, and stand-size class in north-
western New Mexico, 1987................. 27 Net volume of sawtimber (International %-inch rule) on timberland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and stand-size
class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987...... 28 Net volume of sawtimber (Scribner rule) on timberland outside National Forests by owner-
ship class, forest type, and stand-size class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987............. 29 Net volume of growing stock on timberland out- side National Forests by species and owner-
ship class in northwestern New Mexico,
NOS eee tenets wie ce, af aac ecm, chars atone < 30 Net volume of sawtimber (International %-inch rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern
New Mexico, 1987........................ 30 Net volume of sawtimber (Scribner rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New
Mexico; 1987 % ones cs cece c seen ee eee eoe acl 31 Net volume of growing stock on timberland out- side National Forests by species and diameter class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987...... 32 Net volume of sawtimber (International %4-inch rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and diameter class in northwestern
New Mexico; 1987 2 2252..e.5065 50200. - es 32 Net volume of sawtimber (Scribner rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and diameter class in northwestern New
MEXICO 1987 Sees ees sate ee hed eee evs 33 Net volume of timber on timberland outside National Forests by class of timber, and soft- woods and hardwoods in northwestern New MCXICO SIGS ieee oe ce ae eos 34 Net volume of growing stock on timberland out- side National Forests by forest type and
species in northwestern New Mexico, 1987.... 35 Net volume of sawtimber (International %-inch rule) on timberland outside National Forests by forest type and species in northwestern New MeXxiCO} SB 7. oe os Se ches se esc eases 35
24.
25.
26.
2f.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Page
Net volume of sawtimber (Scribner rule) on timberland outside National Forests by forest
type and species in northwestern New Mexico, OS Zee Ne eae a ete loess tote ee Meg ts 36 Net annual growth of growing stock on timber- land outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico,
1 AS 13 Area Re crt sa SR One ee D 37 Net annual growth of sawtimber (International Y%-inch rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987............. 37, Net annual growth of sawtimber (Scribner rule)
on timberland outside National Forests by
species and ownership class in northwestern
New Mexico, 1987..................0..... 38 Net annual growth of growing stock on timber- land outside National Forests by species and diameter class in northwestern New Mexico,
1S Bea tees te he ected Sees anata as tina dae ua, stots 39 Net annual growth of sawtimber (International ¥%-inch rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and diameter class in north- western New Mexico, 1987................. 40 Net annual growth of sawtimber (Scribner rule)
on timberland outside National Forests by
species and diameter class in northwestern
New Mexico, 1987 = 2 sree a Doron 2 41 Annual mortality of growing stock on timber-
land outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico,
| S12 ode ne ee a oe 42 Annual mortality of sawtimber (International %- inch rule) on timberland outside National
Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1986............. 42 Annual mortality of sawtimber (Scribner rule)
on timberland outside National Forests by
species and ownership class in northwestern
New Mexico, 1986. ..5-.2..5.4 scene nteus 43 Annual mortality of growing stock on timber-
land outside National Forests by species and diameter class in northwestern New Mexico,
ho ho lo Yee areeeencn eae rR Ne ee are ree 44 Annual mortality of sawtimber (International
Y%-inch rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and diameter class in north- western New Mexico, 1986................. 45 Annual mortality of sawtimber (Scribner rule)
on timberland outside National Forests by
species and diameter class in northwestern
New Mexico, 1986........................ 46 Annual mortality of growing stock on timber-
land outside National Forests by species and cause of death in northwestern New Mexico,
ISS Oie ea oe eee ee eats: 47 Annual mortality of sawtimber (International
¥%-inch rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and cause of death in northwestern New Mexico, 1986............. 48
39.
Page
Annual mortality of sawtimber (Scribner rule)
on timberland outside National Forests by
species and cause of death in northwestern
New Mexico, 1986......................0. 48
Woodland Tables
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45.
46.
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49.
50.
Area of woodland outside National Forests by forest type and ownership class in northwest-
ern New Mexico, 1987 .................... 49 Area of woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and productivity class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987...... 49 Area of woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and volume class
in northwestern New Mexico, 1987 .......... 50 Number of trees on woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, species, and
diameter class in northwestern New Mexico,
NOB Caister Rie ches 2 cates Me eee eS 51 Net volume on woodland outside National
Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987............. 52 Net volume of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, species, and diameter class in northwestern
New Mexico, 1987........................ 53 Net volume of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and productivity class in north- western New Mexico, 1987................. 54 Net volume of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and volume class in northwestern
New Mexico; 19874. 4 ec asd ee aire enna aces 54 Net dead volume of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by owner-
ship class, species, and diameter class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987............. 55 Net dead volume of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by owner-
ship class, forest type, and productivity class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987............. 56 Net dead volume of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by owner-
ship class, forest type, and volume class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987............. 56
51. Net annual growth on woodland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1986.....
52. Net annual growth of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by owner- ship class, species, and diameter class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987............
53. Net annual growth of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by owner- ship class, forest type, and productivity class i northwestern New Mexico, 1986............
54. Net annual growth of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by owner- ship class, forest type, and volume class in northwestern New Mexico, 1986............
55. Annual mortality on woodland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1986............
56. Number of pinyon Christmas trees on wood- land outside National Forests by ownership class, grade, and height class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987..................0000.
57. Number of fenceposts on woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, species, and type of post in northwestern New Mexico, OBIT sz ot acre coh cee cele lies as Na a aa
County Tables
58. Area of timberland outside National Forests in
northwestern New Mexico by county, 1987...
timberland outside National Forests in north-
western New Mexico by county, 1987 ....... 60. Net annual growth of growing stock and
sawtimber on timberland outside National
. 60 59. Net volume of growing stock and sawtimber on
Forests in northwestern New Mexico by county,
NOS Gictxseteaote ce shea ec ee ee 61. Annual mortality of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland outside National
Forests in northwestern New Mexico by county,
TOS Oop pae as cates eatk a on a ee 62. Area, net volume, net annual growth, and net annual mortality of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests in north- western New Mexico by county ............
Timberland and Woodland Resources Outside National Forests in Northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Dwane D. Van Hooser
INTRODUCTION
This report presents the principal findings of the most recent Forest Survey of the timberland and woodland resources outside the National Forests in northwestern New Mex- ico. Phase I of the survey began in 1985 with the collection and reconciliation of area infor- mation and aerial photo interpretation. The field phase began in early June 1986 and was completed in mid-November of the same year.
COLFAX
HARDING
_.| GUADALUPE
SOCORRO
Northwestern New Mexico counties.
The resource statistics in this report include estimates for those lands in private owner- ship and those public lands administered by the USDI Bureau of Land Management, other Federal agencies, the State of New Mexico, and county and municipal governments. Reserved areas, such as those lands administered by the USDI National Park Service, are not field sampled but are included in the total area summaries (table 1). Resource estimates for those lands administered by the USDA Forest Service in the National Forest System are not included in this report but will be combined with the estimates presented here and in other sample area reports to form the basis for a comprehensive statewide analysis of New Mexico’s forest resource situation.
HIGHLIGHTS
Area The total land area of northwestern New Mexico is 20.2 million acres. Some 7.3 million of it is publicly owned. Those lands outside the National Forests, about which this report is concerned, amount to 17 million acres. Of these, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) administers nearly 3 million acres, the State of New Mexico controls over 1.1 million acres, and the remaining area—nearly 13 million acres—is in private ownership.
_— NATIONAL FOREST 16%
PRIVATE — 64%
OTHER PUBLIC :
— STATE 5%
“~~ BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT 14%
= MISC. FEDERAL
COUNTY & MUNICIPAL, NATIONAL PARKS 1%
Distribution of land in northwestern New Mexico by ownership.
Of the 17 million acres of land outside the National Forests about 4.1 million are forested. Slightly more than a fifth is timberland, and 77 percent is classified as woodland.
__- WOODLAND 19% TIMBERLAND 5% NONFOREST 76%
Distribution of land outside National Forests by type of land.
Timberland
Area—Of the 917,800 acres of timberland a substantial portion is in private holdings. Only 5 percent is administered by public agencies.
Well over half the timberland acres support stands in which ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) predominates. Another 25 percent of the area is about evenly divided between the spruce-fir and Douglas-fir types. The remaining area supports stands of white fir, spruce, aspen, or cottonwood.
100
80
60
PERCENT
40
20
FOREST TYPE
Distribution of timberland outside National Forests by forest type.
Over three-fourths of the timberland is in sawtimber-size stands. An additional 17 percent supports stands of poletimber. Some 41,000 acres are classed as nonstocked.
100
80
60
PERCENT
40
20
SAWTIMBER POLETIMBER SAPLING/SEEDLING NONSTOCK
SIZE CLASS
Distribution of timberland outside National Forests by stand size class.
All of the timberland is capable of producing at least 20 cubic feet per acre per year, but only 2 percent has the inherent capability to produce more than 85 cubic feet per acre per year.
Nearly three-quarters of the timberland acres support less than 5,000 board feet per acre, while some 83,000 acres, all in private ownership, contain more than 10,000 board feet per acre.
100
80
60
PERCENT
40
20
<1500 1500-4999 5000-9999 >10,000 BD FT/ACRE BD FT/ACRE
STAND VOLUME CLASS
Distribution of timberland outside National Forests by stand volume class.
Nearly half of the timberland acres are medium to fully stocked with acceptable and desirable growing-stock trees. Over a quarter million acres are in stands classified as old- growth, and 19 percent are poorly stocked.
100
80
60
PERCENT
40
20
OLD FULLY MEDIUM-FULLY POORLY NONSTOCKED GROWTH STOCKED STOCKED STOCKED
STOCKING CONDITION
Distribution of timberland outside National Forests by stocking condition.
There are an estimated 276 million growing-stock trees. Nearly two-thirds are saplings, and only 2 percent are classed as large sawtimber. Most of the trees that are dead but con- sidered salvable for wood products are on private land. Similarly, most of the trees that were culled are on private land, and nearly two-thirds are rotten.
100
80
60
PERCENT
40
20
SAPLINGS POLETIMBER SMALL SAWTIMBER LARGE SAWTIMBER <17” D.B.H. > 17” D.B.H.
TREE SIZE CLASS
Distribution of growing—stock trees on timberland outside National Forests by tree size class.
Volume—Growing-stock volume amounts to 936 million cubic feet and includes 3.6 billion board feet of sawtimber. Rough, rotten, and salvable dead trees account for an additional 83 million cubic feet of volume.
Of the growing-stock volume, 80 percent is contained in sawtimber-size stands. Less than 1 percent of total growing stock is in sapling/seedling or nonstocked stands.
The bulk of the growing-stock and sawtimber volume is in private ownership.
Two-thirds of the growing-stock volume is in trees less than 17 inches diameter at breast height (d.b.h.). About 50 percent of the sawtimber volume is in trees less than 17 inches d.b.h.
100
80
60
PERCENT
40
20
POLETIMBER SMALL SAWTIMBER LARGE SAWTIMBER <17” D.B.H. > 17” D.B.H.
TREE SIZE CLASS
Distribution of growing—stock volume on timberland outside National Forests by tree size class.
Woodland
Ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) together account for more than half of the total growing-stock volume and 62 percent of the sawtimber volume. White fir (Abies concolor) and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannit) account for an additional 25 percent of the growing-stock volume, and aspen (Populus tremuloides) contributes 11 per- cent. Most of this volume is in private ownership.
100
80
60
PERCENT
40
20
SPECIES
Distribution of growing—stock volume on timberland outside National Forests by species.
Components of Change—On an average annual basis, gross growth of growing stock is increasing the standing inventory by about 238 million cubic feet or 2.5 percent. When mor- tality is deducted, however, the annual rate of change in the absence of harvest is 22 million cubic feet.
Mortality of growing stock is low, amounting to a tenth of 1 percent of inventory. The specific cause of death for most trees was unknown. Disease, however, was the major agent where a cause of death could be determined.
Area—More than three-quarters of the forested area is in the woodland types. Over two- thirds is privately owned. The BLM administers almost a fourth of the woodland area.
OTHER PUBLIC : BUREAU OF
ae LAND MANAGEMENT
23%
> THER PUBLIC 68% ALL O as
Distribution of woodland outside National Forests by ownership.
The woodland area is composed of three forest types, but the pinyon-juniper complex (P-J) is by far the most extensive. Although stands of pure juniper, either Rocky Mountain (Juniperus scopulorum), Utah (J. osteosperma), or oneseed (J. monosperma), exist they are rather insignificant in relation to P-J, as is the Gambel oak type.
100
80
60
PERCENT
40
20
PINYON-JUNIPER JUNIPER OAK
FOREST TYPE
Distribution of woodland outside National Forests by forest type.
Slightly more than three-fourths of the woodland acres are capable of producing crops of wood such as fuelwood and fenceposts on a more or less sustained basis. The 743,000 acres classed as low site usually occupy the more harsh sites where vigorous growth and success- ful natural regeneration are difficult if not impossible to attain.
HIGH SITE
76% ae
=.
LOW SITE 24%
Distribution of woodland outside National Forests by productivity class.
Nearly half of the 703 million trees tallied on woodland were pinyon (Pinus edulis) and almost 30 percent were sapling size, that is, less than 3 inches diameter at root collar (d.r.c.).
30 25 20
15
PERCENT
10
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30+
DIAMETER CLASS
Distribution of trees on woodland outside National Forests by diameter root collar (d.r.c.) class.
Volume—Three-fifths of the woodland acres contain less than 500 cubic feet per acre, and just over 10 percent support 1,000 cubic feet or more. The average volume per acre is just over 450 cubic feet.
100
80
60
PERCENT
40
20
0-500 500-1000 > 1000 FT°/ACRE FT°/ACRE FT °/ACRE
STAND VOLUME CLASS
Distribution of woodland outside National Forests by stand volume class.
Prefield
Volume on woodland acres amounted to 1.4 billion cubic feet, most of which is in P-J or oak (Quercus gambelii). A small amount, some 3 percent, is in the timber species of Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, white fir, and cottonwood (Populus fremontii).
225 200 Zs
150
_— TOTAL VOLUME 125
100
MILLION FT°
75
50
25
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30+
DIAMETER CLASS
Distribution of cubic foot volume on woodland outside National Forests by d.r.c. class.
Because merchantability standards are nonexistent for woodland species, all of this material is potentially usable for fiber products such as fuelwood and fenceposts. An addi- tional 254 million cubic feet of dead material was also tallied, most of which is contained in live trees.
Slightly more than 10 percent of all the pinyon tallied qualified as potential Christmas trees. Of these, some 2.9 million or 7 percent are classed as premium grade, 33 percent are standard, and the rest are utility grade. The bulk of these trees are in the 6- to 10-foot class, which is the most desirable for household use.
Of the juniper and oak trees tallied, 18 percent met minimum criteria for fenceposts. Slightly more than two-thirds of the qualifying segments were classed as line posts with the remainder meeting the criteria for the more valuable corner post. More than three-quarters of the fenceposts were juniper.
Components of Change—The woodland inventory is increasing at an annual rate of 1.5 percent. In total, 21 million cubic feet of wood was added to the standing volume in 1986. Consumption of products from woodlands will reduce this increment somewhat.
Overall, net annual growth per acre for woodland amounts to about 7 cubic feet. By type, the most productive is the oak averaging just over 20 cubic feet per acre in annual increment.
HOW THE INVENTORY WAS CONDUCTED
The inventory was designed to provide reliable statistics primarily at the State and sam- ple area levels.
Initial area estimates were based on the classification of 69,032 sample points systema- tically placed on the latest aerial photographs available. The sample points were summar- ized and grouped into strata for subsequent field sampling. The photo points, adjusted to meet known land areas, were used to compute area expansion factors for the sampling strata means.
Field
Compilation
Land classification and estimates for timberland and woodland characteristics and volume were based on observations and measurements recorded at 2,657 field sample locations, of which 632 were forested.
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44
ewEzE
2 €£22244
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T= TIMBERLAND W=WOODLAND- °. = NATIONAL FOREST
Distribution of timberland and woodland field locations outside National Forests in northwestern New Mexico.
Sample trees for timberland were selected using a 5-point cluster. Trees less than 5 inches d.b.h. were measured on a 1/300-acre fixed radius plot. Trees 5 inches d.b.h. or larger were selected using a variable radius plot. A 20 basal area factor was used for ponderosa pine locations. Other timberland locations were measured using a 40 basal area factor. Sample trees for woodland were selected using a 1/10-acre or a 1/5-acre fixed radius plot for trees 3 inches d.r.c. and larger. Trees less than 3 inches d.r.c. were tallied on 1/300-acre subplots.
All photo and field data were loaded onto tape and stored for computer editing, computa- tion, and tabulation. Final estimates from these data were based on statistical summaries, a portion of which is included in this bulletin. Volume and defect were computed using equa- tions developed by Edminster and others (1980, 1981), Kemp (1958), Chojnacky (1985), Meyers (1964), and Meyers and others (1972).
DATA RELIABILITY
Individual cells within tables should be used with caution. Some are based on very small sample sizes, which may result in high sampling errors. The standard error percentages shown in tables 2 and 8 were calculated at the 67 percent confidence level.
10
TERMINOLOGY
Acceptable tree—Growing-stock tree meeting specified standards of size and quality, but not qualifying as a desirable tree.
Area condition class—A classification of timberland reflecting the degree to which the site is being utilized by growing-stock trees and other conditions affecting current and prospective timber growth (see Stocking):
Class 10—Areas fully stocked with desirable trees and not overstocked.
Class 20—Areas fully stocked with desirable trees, but overstocked with all live trees. Class 30—Areas medium to fully stocked with desirable trees and with less than 30 per- cent of the area controlled by other trees and/or inhibiting vegetation or surface condi- tions that will prevent occupancy by desirable trees.
Class 40—Areas medium to fully stocked with desirable trees and with 30 percent or more of the area controlled by other trees, or conditions that ordinarily prevent oc- cupancy by desirable trees, or both.
Class 50—Areas poorly stocked with desirable trees, but fully stocked with growing- stock trees.
Class 60—Areas poorly stocked with desirable trees, but with medium to full stocking of growing-stock trees.
Class 70—Areas nonstocked or poorly stocked with desirable trees, and poorly stocked with growing-stock trees.
Class 80—Low-risk old-growth stands.
Class 90—High-risk old-growth stands.
Nonstocked—Areas less than 10 percent stocked with growing-stock trees.
Basal area—The cross-sectional area of a tree expressed in square feet. For timber species the calculation is based on diameter at breast height (d.b.h.); for woodland species it is based on diameter at root collar (d.r.c.).
Christmas tree grade—Pinyon species are classified as Christmas trees using the following guidelines:
Premium—Excellent conical form with no gaps in branches and a straight bole. Standard—Good conical form with small gaps in branches and bole slightly malformed. Utility—Conical in form with branches missing and bole bent or malformed.
Cull—Not meeting one of the above classifications.
Cord—A pile of stacked wood equivalent to 128 cubic feet of wood and air space having standard dimensions of 4 by 4 by 8 feet.
Cull tree—Live tree that is unmerchantable now or prospectively (see Rough tree and Rotten tree).
Cull volume—Portions of a tree’s volume that are not usable for wood products because of rot, form, missing material, or other cubic-foot defect. Form and sound defects include severe sweep and crook, forks, extreme form reduction, large deformities, and dead material.
Deferred forest land—Forest lands within the National Forest System that are under study for possible inclusion in the Wilderness System.
Desirable tree—Growing-stock tree (1) having no serious defect in quality to limit present or prospective use for timber products, (2) of relatively high vigor, and (3) containing no pathogens that may result in death or serious deterioration within the next decade.
Diameter at breast height (d.b.h.)—Diameter of the stem measured at 4.5 feet above the ground.
Diameter at root collar (d.r.c.)—Diameter equivalent at the point nearest the ground line that represents the basal area of the tree stem or stems.
Diameter classes—Tree diameters, either d.b.h. or d.r.c., grouped into 2-inch classes labeled by the midpoint of the class.
Farmer/rancher-owned land—Land owned by a person who operates a farm or a ranch and who either does the work or directly supervises the work.
Forest industry land—Land owned by companies or individuals operating a primary wood- processing plant.
a
Forest land—Land at least 10 percent stocked by forest trees of any size, including land that formerly had such tree cover and that will be naturally or artificially regenerated. The minimum area for classification of forest land is 1 acre. Roadside, streamside, and shelterbelt strips of timber must have a crown width at least 120 feet wide to qualify as forest land. Unimproved roads and trails, streams, and clearings in forest areas are classified as forest if less than 120 feet wide.
Forest tree—Woody plant having a well-developed stem or stems, usually more than 12 feet in height at maturity, with a generally well-defined crown.
Forest type—A classification of forest land based upon and named for the tree species presently forming a plurality of live-tree stocking.
Gross annual growth—The average annual increase in the net volume of trees during a specified period.
Growing-stock tree—Live sawtimber tree, poletimber tree, sapling, or seedlings of timber species meeting specified standards of quality and vigor; excludes cull trees.
Growing-stock volume—Net cubic-foot volume in live poletimber-size and sawtimber-size growing-stock trees from a 1-foot stump to a minimum 4-inch top (of central stem) out- side bark or to the point where the central stem breaks into limbs.
Growth—See definition for Net annual growth. Hardwood tree—Dicotyledonous tree, usually broad-leaved and deciduous.
High-risk old-growth stand—Timber stand over 100 years old in which the majority of the trees are not expected to survive more than 10 years.
Indian land—Indian land held in trust by the Federal Government. Industrial wood—All commercial roundwood products except fuelwood.
Land area—The area of dry land and land temporarily or partially covered by water such as marshes, swamps, and river flood plains, streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals less than 120 feet wide; and lakes, reservoirs, and ponds less than 1 acre in size.
Logging residue—The unused portion of growing-stock trees cut or killed by logging.
Low-risk old-growth stand—Timber stand over 100 years old in which the majority of the trees are expected to survive more than 10 years.
Miscellaneous Federal land—Land administered by Federal agencies other than the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service or U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.
Mortality—The net volume of growing-stock trees that have died from natural causes dur- ing a specified period.
National Forest land—Public land administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
National Resource land—Public land administered by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.
Net annual growth—Gross annual growth minus average annual mortality.
Net dead volume—Total net volume of dead trees plus the net volume of dead material in live trees.
Net volume in board feet—The gross board-foot volume in the sawlog portion of growing- stock trees, less deductions for cull volume.
Net volume in cubic feet—Gross cubic-foot volume in the merchantable portion of trees less deductions for cull volume. For timber species, volume is computed for the merchantable stem from a 1-foot stump to a minimum 4-inch top diameter outside bark (d.o.b.), or to the point where the central stem breaks into limbs. For woodland species, volume is com- puted outside bark (0.b.) for all woody material above d.r.c. that is larger than 1.5 inches d.o.b.
Nonforest land—Land that does not currently qualify as forest land.
Nonindustrial private—All private ownerships except forest industry.
Nonstocked area—Forest land less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
Old-growth stand—Stand of timber species over 100 years old.
Other private land—Privately owned land other than forest industry or farmer-owned.
12
Other public land—Public land administered by agencies other than the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
Other removal—The net volume of growing-stock trees removed from the inventory by cultural operations such as timber-stand improvement, by land clearing, and by changes in land use, such as a shift to wilderness.
Poletimber stand—Stand at least 10 percent stocked with growing-stock trees, in which half or more of the stocking is sawtimber or poletimber trees or both, with poletimber stock- ing exceeding that of sawtimber (see definition for Stocking).
Poletimber tree—Live tree of timber species at least 5 inches d.b.h. but smaller than saw- timber size.
Post—Juniper and oak species are evaluated for post potential using the following criteria: Line post—A 7-foot minimum length with 5 to 7 inches diameter at the butt, 2.5-inch minimum small end diameter, and reasonably straight and solid.
Corner post—An 8-foot minimum length with 7 to 9 inches diameter at the butt, 2.5-inch minimum small end diameter, and reasonably straight and solid.
Potential growth—The average net annual cubic-foot growth per acre at culmination of mean annual growth attainable in fully stocked natural stands.
Primary wood-processing plant—Plant using roundwood products such as sawlogs, pulp- wood bolts, veneer logs, and so forth.
Productivity class—A classification of forest land that reflects biological potential. For timberland the potential net annual growth at culmination of mean annual increment in fully stocked natural stands is the index used. For woodland, characteristics that affect the land’s ability to produce wood, such as soil depth and aspect, are used. Furthermore, woodland is classified as high site where sustained wood production is likely, or low site where the continuous production of wood is unlikely.
Removal—The net volume of growing-stock trees removed from the inventory by harvest- ing, cultural operations, land clearings, or changes in land use.
Reserved forest land—Forest land withdrawn from tree utilization through statute or ad- ministrative designation.
Residue: Coarse residue—Plant residue suitable for chipping, such as slabs, edgings, and ends. Fine residue—Plant residue not suitable for chipping, such as sawdust, shavings, and veneer clippings. Plant residue—Wood material from primary manufacturing plants that is not used for any product.
Rotten tree—A live poletimber or sawtimber tree with more than 67 percent of its total volume cull (cubic-foot), and with more than half of the cull volume attributable to rotten or missing material.
Rough tree—A live poletimber or sawtimber tree with more than 67 percent of its total volume cull (cubic-foot), and with less than half of the cull volume attributable to rotten or missing material.
Roundwood—Logs, bolts, or other round sections cut from trees.
Salvable dead tree—Standing or down dead tree that is currently merchantable by regional standards.
Sapling—Live tree of timber species 1 to 4.9 inches d.b.h., or woodland species 1 to 2.9 inches d.r.c.
Sapling and seedling stand—Timberland stand at least 10 percent stocked on which more than half of the stocking is saplings or seedlings or both.
Sawlog portion—That part of the bole of sawtimber trees between a 1-foot stump and the sawlog top.
Sawlog top—The point on the bole of sawtimber trees above which a sawlog cannot be pro- duced. The minimum sawlog top is 7 inches d.o.b. for softwoods and 9 inches d.o.b. for hardwoods.
Sawtimber stand—Stand at least 10 percent stocked with growing-stock trees, with half or more of total stocking in sawtimber or poletimber trees, and with sawtimber stocking at least equal to poletimber stocking.
13
Sawtimber tree—Live tree of timber species meeting regional size and defect specifications. Softwood trees must be at least 9 inches d.b.h. and hardwood trees 11 inches d.b.h.
Sawtimber volume—Net volume in board feet of the sawlog portion of live sawtimber trees.
Seedling—Established live tree of timber species less than 1 inch d.b.h. or woodland species less than 1 inch d.r.c.
Softwood tree—Monocotyledonous tree, usually evergreen, having needle or scalelike leaves.
Standard error—An expression of the degree of confidence that can be placed on an esti- mated total or average obtained by statistical sampling methods. Standard errors do not include technique errors that could occur in photo classification of areas, field measure- ments, or compilation of data.
Stand-size class—A classification of forest land based on the predominant size of trees present (see Sawtimber stand, Poletimber stand, and Sapling and seedling stand).
State, county, and municipal land—Land administered by States, counties, or local public agencies, or lands leased by these governmental units for more than 50 years.
Stocking—An expression of the extent to which growing space is effectively utilized by present or potential growing-stock trees of timber species.
Timberland—Forest land where timber species make up at least 10 percent stocking.
Timber species—Tree species traditionally used for industrial wood products. In the Rocky Mountain States, these include aspen and cottonwood hardwood species and all softwood species except pinyon and juniper.
Timber stand wmprovement—Treatments such as thinning, pruning, release cutting, girdling, weeding, or poisoning of unwanted trees aimed at improving growing conditions for the remaining trees.
Upper-stem portion—That part of the main stem or fork of sawtimber trees above the sawlog top to a minimum top diameter of 4 inches outside bark or to the point where the main stem or fork breaks into limbs.
Water—Streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals more than 120 feet wide, and lakes, reser- voirs, and ponds more than 1 acre in size at mean high water level.
Wilderness—An area of undeveloped land currently included in the Wilderness System, managed so as to preserve its natural conditions and retain its primeval character and influence.
Woodland—Forest land where timber species make up less than 10 percent stocking.
Woodland species—Tree species not usually converted into industrial wood products. Com- mon uses are fuelwood, fenceposts, and Christmas trees.
REFERENCES
Chojnacky, David C. 1985. Pinyon-juniper volume equations for the central Rocky Mountain States. Res. Pap. INT-339. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 27 p.
Edminster, Carleton B.; Mowrer, H. Todd; Hinds, Thomas E. 1981. Volume tables and .. point-sampling factors for aspen in Colorado. Res. Pap. RM-232. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experi- ment Station. 16 p.
Edminster, Carleton B.; Beeson, Robert T.; Metcalf, Gary E. 1980. Volume tables and point-sampling factors for ponderosa pine in the Front Range of Colorado. Res. Pap. RM-218. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Moun- tain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 14 p.
Kemp, Paul D. 1958. Volume tables. Unpublished report on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, UT.
Meyers, Clifford A. 1964. Volume tables and point-sampling factors for lodgepole pine in Colorado and Wyoming. Res. Pap. RM-6. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agricul- ture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 16 p.
Meyers, Clifford A.; Edminster, Carleton B. 1972. Volume tables and point-sampling fac- tors for Engelmann spruce in Colorado and Wyoming. Res. Pap. RM-95. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 23 p.
14
FOREST SURVEY TABLES
Table 1--Total land and water area by ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Ownership class Area - - Acres - - Land: Public:
National Forest 3,199,399
Other public: Bureau of Land Management 2,914,086 National Parks} 57,052 Miscellaneous Federal 82,966 State 1,093,281 County and municipal 5,671 Total other public 4,153,056 Total public 750025455
Private:
Indian 7,381,580 Other private 5,463,727 Total private 12,845,307 Total land area 20,197,762 Census water 305153 Total land and water? 20';227,9%5
INot included with miscellaneous Federal, a component of other public, for purpose of clarity. These lands are reserved and are not included in the remainder of this report.
2U.S. Bureau of the Census, land and water area of the United States, 1980.
15
Table 2--Area of forest land outside National Forests with percent standard error in northwestern
New Mexico, 1987
Item
Timberland
Woodland
Reserved forest land:! Timberland Woodland
Total forest land?
Softwoods Percent Acres standard error 846,159 +6.2 3,036,490 +3.0 119,969 56,204 4,058,822
Hardwoods
Percent
Acres standard
error
71,638 +33.9
116,207 +24.0 5,904 499 194,248
All types Percent Acres standard error 917,797 +5.4 3,152,697 +3.0 125,873 56,703 4,253,070
lReserved lands areas are estimated from aerial photos without field verification; therefore, standard errors are not calculated.
20n this and all following tables, totals may vary due to rounding.
Table 3--Net volume, net annual growth, and annual mortality of growing stock and sawtimber National Forests with percent standard error in northwestern New Mexico
Item
Net volume, 1987: Growing stock (M cubic feet) Sawtimber! (M board feet) Sawtimber2 (M board feet)
Net annual growth, 1986: Growing stock (M cubic feet) Sawtimber! (M board feet) Sawtimber2 (M board feet)
Annual mortality, 1986: Growing stock (M cubic feet) Sawtimber! (M board feet) Sawtimber2 (M board feet) 1International 4-inch rule.
2Scribner rule.
Sof twoods
Volume
827,498 3,390,286 2,834,586
19,208 97,143 81,046
1,277 4,367 3,505
16
on timberland outside
Hardwoods All species
Percent Percent Percent standard Volume standard Volume standard error error error +10.8 108,696 +24,7 936,194 +10.3 +10.9 254,043 +48.1 3,644,329 +10.0 +10.8 208 ,319 +48 3 3,042,905 410.9 19/5) 4,279 +33.4 23,487 +11.4 +14.9 3,896 +42.2 101,039 +14.4 +14.7 3,428 +42.2 84,474 +14.2 +42.5 -- -- 1,277 +42.5 +5423 -- -- 4,367 +54.3 +54.9 -- -- 3,505 +54.9
Table 4--Total land area outside National Forests by major land class and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Ownership class Land class
Other . public Private Total ----- ee eee Acres - -------- - Timberland: Reserved 52,0511 73,222 125,873 Nonreserved 44 ,664 873,138 917,797 Total 97,315 946,355 1,043,670 Woodland: Reserved 52,574 4,129 56,703 Nonreserved 1,000,488 2,152,209 37525097 Total 1,053,062 2,156,338 3,209,400 Total forest land: Reserved 105,225 7753501 182,576 Nonreserved 15045,,152 S05 S42 4,070,494 Total L51505377, 3,102,693 4,253,070 Nonforest land 3,002,679 9,742,614 12,745,293 Total land area 4,153,056 12,845 ,307 16,998 , 363
ilré
Timberland Tables
Table 5--Area of timberland outside National Forests by forest type, stand-size class, and productivity class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Productivity class
Forest type and Total stand-size class 85-119 50-84 20-49 0-19 acres cect eter eee eee Acres - ------------ Douglas-fir: Sawtimber -- 32,797 525271 -- 85,068 Poletimber -- 19,191 -- -- 19,191 Sapling and seedling -- -- -- -- =o Nonstocked -- -- 5,262 -- 5,262 Total -- 51,988 57,533 -- 109,521 Ponderosa pine: Sawtimber -- 39,779 422,586 -- 462,365 Poletimber -- -- 51,383 -- 51,383 Sapling and seedling -- -- 125359 -- 12,359 Nonstocked -- -- 11,252 -- 11,252 Total -- 39.5779 497 ,580 -- 537,359 Spruce-subalpine fir: Sawtimber -- 34,765 28,/87 -- 63,552 Poletimber -- 19,191 21,552 -- 40,743 Sapling and seedling -- -- -- -- -- Nonstocked -- 9,596 -- -- 9,596 Total -- 63,552 50,339 -- 113,891 White fir: Sawtimber -- 41,398 14,857 -- 56,255 Poletimber -- -- -- -- -- Sapling and seedling -- -- -- -- -- Nonstocked -- 55.795 -- -- 5.755 Total -- 47,153 14,857 -- 62,010 Spruce: Sawtimber -- 9,595 -- -- 9,595 Poletimber 9,596 4,186 -- -- 13,782 Sapling and seedling -- -- -- -- -- Nonstocked -- -- -- -- -- Total 9,596 13,781 -- -- 235377 (con. )
18
Table 5. (con.)
Forest type and stand-size class
Aspen: Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and seedling Nonstocked
Total
Cottonwood: Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and seedling Nonstocked
Total
All types: Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and seedling Nonstocked
Total
ER Z
Productivity class
50-84 20-49
------- Acres
14,066 19,191
95595 --
9,596 == nS 5191 --
177,524 518,501 56,634 92,126
-- 12,359 24,947 16,514
259,105 639,500
19
Total 0-19 acres
—— 9,595
-- 9,596 ae Relea ep
-- 705,621 == “158,356 = 12,359 = 41,461
-- 9175797
Table 6--Area of other publicly owned timberland by forest type, stand-size class, and productivity class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Forest type and Productivity class
stand-size class 85-119 50-84 20-49 0-19 acres
Douglas-fir: Sawtimber =s 5,602 -- -- 5,602 Poletimber -- =p — a2 ae Sapling and seedling -- -- -- as _ Nonstocked -- = =o — _.
Total cng OUR ee
Ponderosa pine: Sawtimber -- -- 26,505 -- 26,505 Poletimber == == == = Sapling and seedling -- -- oe =< ae Nonstocked -- = == a= =e
Total -- -- 26,505 -- 26,505
Spruce-subalpine fir: Sawtimber -- == == 2s =e Poletimber -- == — ae ee Sapling and seedling -- -- -- =2 =e Nonstocked -- =f =< a =
Total == == ss 2s =
White fir: Sawtimber -- 8,371 -- -- 8,371 Poletimber -- -- ae == Be Sapling and seedling -- -- Be 2 ae Nonstocked -- -- -- = =
Total -- 8,371 -- -- 8,371
Spruce: Sawtimber -- -- oie _ se Poletimber -- 4,186 -- -- 4,186 Sapling and seedling -- -- = = == Nonstocked -- -- a es oe
Total -- 4,186 -- -- 4,186
20
Table 6. (con.)
Forest type and stand-size class
Aspen: Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and seedling Nonstocked
Total
Cottonwood: Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and seedling Nonstocked
Total
All types: Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and seedling Nonstocked
Total
Productivity 85-119 50-84
-- 13,973 -- 4,186
-- 18,159
21
class
20-49
26,505
Total 0-19 acres
= 44,664
Table 7--Area of privately owned timberland by forest type, stand-size class, and productivity class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
—_———————————————— — — — ————————— — —— SSS
Productivity class
Forest type and Total stand-size class 85-119 50-84 20-49 0-19 acres - oot ee ee eee Acres - -------+----- Douglas-fir: Sawtimber -- 27,195 bei cuel -- 79,466 Poletimber -- 19,191 -- -- 19,191 Sapling and seedling -- -- _ se = Nonstocked -- -- 5,262 -- 5.202 Total -- 46 ,386 571,533 -- 103,919 Ponderosa pine: Sawtimber -- 39,779 396,081 -- 435 ,860 Poletimber -- -- 51,383 -- 51,383 Sapling and seedling -- -- 12,359 -- 123359 Nonstocked -- -- 11,252 -- 15252 Total -- 39,779 471,075 -- 510,854 Spruce-subalpine fir: Sawtimber -- 34,765 28,787 -- 63,552 Poletimber -- 19,191 215552 -- 40,743 Sapling and seedling -- -- -- -- -- Nonstocked -- 9,596 -- -- 9,596 Total -- 63,552 505339 -- 113,891 White fir: Sawtimber -- 33,027 14,857 -- 47 ,884 Poletimber -- -- -- =< aa Sapling and seedling -- -- -- == = Nonstocked -- 5255 -- -- 5755 Total -- 38,782 14,857 -- 53,639 Spruce: Sawtimber -- 9,595 -- -- 9,595 Poletimber 9,596 -- -- -- 9,596 Sapling and seedling -- “= = ae = Nonstocked == ae ad ie == Total 9,596 9,595 -- -- 19,191 (con. )
22
Table 7. (con.)
Productivity class
Forest type and Total stand-size class 85-119 50-84 20-49 0-19 acres --- ee ee eee ee Acres - ------------ Aspen: Sawtimber 9,596 9,595 -- -- 19,191 Poletimber -- 14,066 19,191 -- 335257 Sapling and seedling -- -- = == = Nonstocked -- -- -- -- -- Total 9,596 23,661 19,191 -- 52,448 Cottonwood: Sawtimber -- 9,595 -- -- 9,595 Poletimber -- -- -- -- -- Sapling and seedling -- -- -- -- -- Nonstocked -- 9,596 -- -- 9,596 Total -- 19,191 -- -- 19,191 All types: Sawtimber 9,596 163,551 491,996 -- 665,143 Poletimber 9,596 52,448 92,126 -- 154,170 Sapling and seedling -- -- 12,359 -- 12,359 Nonstocked -- 24,947 16,514 -- 41,461 Total 19,192 240,946 612,995 -- 873,133
23
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25
Table 11--Number of cull and salvable dead trees on timberland outside National Forests by ownership class, and softwoods and hardwoods in northwestern New Mexico,
1987 Cull trees Ownership class and species group Salvable Rough Rotten Total daad trees Total --- ee ee eee Thousand trees - - --------- Other public: Sof twoods -- 26 26 371 397 Hardwoods == -- -- 644 644 Total -- 26 26 1,015 1,041 Private: Sof twoods 706 122 828 6,435 75263 Hardwoods 355 1,831 2,186 5,163 7,349 Total 1,061 1,953 3,014 11,598 14,612 Total: Sof twoods 706 148 854 6,806 7,660 Hardwoods 355 1,831 2,186 5,807 7,993 Total 1,061 1,979 3,040 12013 155653
26
Table 12--Net volume of growing stock on timberland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and stand-size class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Stand-size class Ownership class Forest type
: : Sapling/ All Sawtimber Poletimber seedling Nonstocked oe eee ------------ Thousand cubic feet - ----------- Other public: Douglas-fir 115362 -- -- -- 11,362 Ponderosa pine 8,916 -- -- -- 8,916 Spruce-subalpine fir -- -- -- -- -- White fir 16,884 -- -- -- 16,884 Spruce -- 11,290 -- oe 11,290 Aspen -- -- -- -- -- Cottonwood -- -- -- -- -- All types 375162 11,290 -- -- 48 ,452 Private: Douglas-fir 90 ,334 21,357 -- rey) 112,448 Ponderosa pine 337,527 16,995 251 1,558 356,331 Spruce-subalpine fir 107,555 96,928 -- 2,021 206,504 White fir 112,806 -- -- 1,345 114,051. Spruce 24,828 7,248 -- -- 32,076 Aspen 41,541 20,375 -- -- 61,916 Cottonwood 4,316 -- -- -- 4,316 All types 718,907 162,903 251 5,681 887 ,742 Total: Douglas-fir 101,696 21.5357 -- They 123,810 Ponderosa pine 346,443 16,995 251 1,558 365,247 Spruce-subalpine fir 107,555 96,928 -- 2,021 206,504 White fir 129,690 -- -- 1,345 131,035 Spruce 24,828 18,538 -- -- 43,366 Aspen 41,541 20,375 -- -- 61,916 Cottonwood 4,316 -- -- -- 4,316 All types 756,069 174,193 251 5,681 936,194
27
Table 13--Net volume of sawtimber (International 34-inch rule) on timberland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and stand-size class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Ownership class
Other public:
Private:
Total:
Forest type
Douglas-fir Ponderosa pine Spruce-subalpine fir White fir
Spruce
Aspen
Cottonwood
All types
Douglas-fir Ponderosa pine Spruce-subalpine fir White fir
Spruce
Aspen
Cottonwood
All types
Douglas-fir Ponderosa pine Spruce-subalpine fir White fir
Spruce
Aspen
Cottonwood
All_types
Sawtimber
125 ,886
334,434 1,579,814 421,840 480,125 114,305 177,567 20,288
3,128,373
371,109 1,616,062 421,840 533,088 114,305 1775967 20,288
3,254,259
Stand-size class
Poletimber
Sapling/ seedling
Nonstocked
Thousand board feet, International 34-inch
28
22,146 38 ,567 230,100 21,973 24,937
3375023
22,146 38,567 230,100 49,112 24,937
364 ,862
All classes
153,025
360,237 1,628,151 657,560 486 ,286 136,278 202,504 20,288
3,491,304
396,912 1,664,399 657,560 539,249 163,417 202,504 20,288
3,644,329
Table 14--Net volume of sawtimber (Scribner rule) on timberland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and stand-size class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Stand-size class Ownership class Forest type
: . Sapling/ All Sawtimber Poletimber seed] ing Nonstocked a ee --------- Thousand board feet, Scribner rule - - - - - - - - Other public: Douglas-fir 28,013 -- -- -- 28,013 Ponderosa pine 31,218 -- -- -- 315216 Spruce-subalpine fir -- -- -- -- -- White fir 43,978 -- -- -- 43,978 Spruce -- 21,741 -- -- 21,741 Aspen -- -- -- -- -- Cottonwood -- -- -- -- -- All types 103,209 21,5741 -- ne 124,950 Private: Douglas-fir 263,753 17,381 -- 2,813 283 ,947 Ponderosa pine 1,366,754 335 765 7,742 1,408,416 Spruce-subalpine fir 335,239 181,867 -- 4,220 521,326 White fir 399 ,847 -- -- 5,240 405,087 Spruce 94,583 18,629 -- -- 113,212 Aspen 147 ,464 20,446 -- -- 167,910 Cottonwood 18,057 -- -- -- 185057 All types 2,625,697 271,478 765 20,015 2,917,955 Total: Douglas-fir 291,766 17,381 -- 2,813 311,960 Ponderosa pine 1,397,972 33/5155 765 7,742 1,439,634 Spruce-subalpine fir 335,239 181,867 -- 4,220 521,326 White fir 443,825 -- -- 5,240 449 ,065 Spruce 94,583 40,370 oe -- 134 ,953 Aspen 147,464 20,446 -- -- 167,910 Cottonwood 182057 -- -- -- 18,057
All types 2,728,906 2935219 765 20,015 3,042,905 29
Table 15--Net volume of growing stock on timberland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Ownership class
Species
mee Private Total ------ Thousand cubic feet - - --- - - Douglas-fir 15,685 130,512 146,197 Ponderosa pine 9,004 351,996 361,000 Whitebark pine -- 4,845 4,845 Limber pine -- 820 820 Subalpine fir -- 80,380 80,380 White fir 12,044 84,473 96,517 Engelmann spruce 7,009 130573) 137,740 Total softwoods 43,742 783,757 827,499 Aspen 4,710 99 ,669 104,379 Cottonwood -- 4,316 4,316 Total hardwoods 4,710 103,985 108 ,695 All_ species 48 ,452 887 ,742 936,194
Table 16--Net volume of sawtimber (International 34-inch rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Ownership class Species
Other :
public Private Total - Thousand board feet, International 34-inch rule -
Douglas-fir 51,704 534,611 586,315 Ponderosa pine 35,630 1,628,670 1,664,300 Whitebark pine -- 25,101 2552101 Limber pine -- 35322 85522 Subalpine fir -- 236,966 236,966 White fir 46,412 299,570 345,982 Engelmann spruce 19,279 509,021 528,300 Total softwoods 153,025 352375201 3,390,286 Aspen -- 233:,755 2335759 Cottonwood -- 20,288 20,288 Total hardwoods -- 254 043 254,043 All species 153.025 3,491,304 3,644,329
30
Table 17--Net volume of sawtimber (Scribner rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Ownership class
Species Other : public Private Total
- - - Thousand board feet, Scribner rule - - - Douglas-fir 39,804 417,504 457,308 Ponderosa pine 30,788 1,417,075 1,447 ,863 Whitebark pine -- 22,055 22.055 Limber pine -- 2,653 2,653 Subalpine fir -- 186,394 186,394 White fir 39,159 256,012 295,171 Engelmann spruce 15,199 407 ,943 423,142 Total softwoods 124,950 2,709 ,636 2 834 ,586 Aspen -- 190,262 190,262 Cottonwood -- 18,057 18,057 Total hardwoods -- 208,319 208 ,319 All_species 124,950 259175955 3,042,905
31
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32
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33
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34
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35
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36
Table 25--Net annual growth of growing stock on timberland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Ownership class
Species Other d public Private Total ------ Thousand cubic feet - ----- -
Douglas-fir 748 35.125 3,873 Ponderosa pine 180 8,089 8,269 Whitebark pine -- 52 52 Limber pine -- 9 9 Subalpine fir -- 1,330 15330 White fir 168 2,321 2,489 Engelmann spruce 170 3,015 3,185 Total softwoods 1,266 17,941 19,207 Aspen 90 4,037 4,127 Cottonwood -- 153 153 Total hardwoods 90 4,190 4,280 All_species 1,356 223,131 23,487
Table 26--Net annual growth of sawtimber (International 4-inch rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Ownership class
Species
Other .
public Private Total - Thousand board feet, International 34-inch rule -
Douglas-fir 1,079 10,935 12,014 Ponderosa pine 1,266 40,609 41,875 Whitebark pine -- 304 304 Limber pine -- 54 54 Subalpine fir -- 35051 3,651 White fir 2aeel 25,920 28,141 Engelmann spruce 507 10,597 11,104 Total softwoods 5,073 92,070 97,143 Aspen -- 35231 S23: Cottonwood -- 665 665 Total hardwoods -- 3,896 3,896 All_species 5,073 95 ,966 101,039
37
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38
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39
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41
Table 31--Annual mortality of growing stock on timberland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Ownership class
Species
Other F
public Private Total --- eee Thousand cubic feet - - - - - -
Douglas-fir -- 513 513 Ponderosa pine -- 70 70 Whitebark pine -- =< os Limber pine -- Sr = Subalpine fir -- 694 694 White fir -- == = Engelmann spruce -- = = Total softwoods -- dea 1,277 Aspen = == = Cottonwood =< we as Total hardwoods -- =e Sid All species -- L277 15277
Table 32--Annual mortality of sawtimber (International 43-inch rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1986
Ownership class
Species Other : public Private Total - Thousand board feet, International 34-inch rule - Douglas-fir -- 2,895 2,895 Ponderosa pine -- 269 269
Whitebark pine -- -- -- Limber pine -- -- --
Subalpine fir -- 15203 1,203 White fir ae =e = Engelman spruce -- =e a
Total softwoods -- 4,367 4,367 Aspen -- = ae Cottonwood -- ae a
Total hardwoods == =e ==
All_species -- 4,367 4,367
42
Table 33--Annual mortality of sawtimber (Scribner rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1986
Ownership class
Species Other ; public Private Total - - - - Thousand board feet, Scribner rule - - - - Douglas-fir -- 2,403 2,403 Ponderosa pine -- 204 204
Whitebark pine -- == 22 Limber pine -- == ss Subalpine fir -- 898 898 White fir == = se Engelman spruce -- = ae
Total softwoods -- 3,505 32505 Aspen = == ae Cottonwood ae SS ze
Total hardwoods ee ee a ee
All_ species -- 3,505 33905
43
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47
Table 38--Annual mortality of sawtimber (International 4-inch rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and cause of death in northwestern New Mexico, 1986
Cause of death
Species Insects Disease Fire Animal Weather Suppression Logging Unknown Total eee ee ee eee Thousand board feet, International 34-inch rule - - ------- - Douglas-fir -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2,895 2,895 Ponderosa pine -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 269 269
Whitebark pine -- -- -- -- = == = Sp ae Limber pine -- -- -- -- = == == a -- Subalpine fir -- -- -- -- -- =s = 1,203 1,203 White fir -- -- -- -- -- -- _ = = Engelmann spruce a ae I a a EL ee SE rai
Total softwoods -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4,367 4,367 Aspen -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Cottonwood -- => ats == -- -- -- -- --
eels Pe Cr ee ee
All species 4,367 4,367
Table 39--Annual mortality of sawtimber (Scribner rule) on timberland outside National Forests by species and cause of death in northwestern New Mexico, 1986
Cause of death
Species Insects Disease Fire Animal Weather Suppression Logging Unknown Total ---- ee ee ee ee ee Thousand board feet, Scribner rule - - - ---------- Douglas-fir -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2,403 2,403 Ponderosa pine -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 204 204
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Motalseptwoods ee ae Fc a ee ee ee Aspen -- -- -- -- -- -- -- = == Cottonwood a a en ees
MCCA DRONES: ce a
All species 3,505 BR D05
48
Woodland Tables
Table 40--Area of woodland outside National Forests by forest type and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Ownership class Forest type Other
public Private Total -- core ee eee Acres - --------- Pinyon-juniper 912,168 1,899,778 2,811,946 Juniper 77,363 147,180 224 543 Total woodland softwoods 989 ,531 2,046,958 3,036,489 Oak 10,957 105,251 116,208 Total woodland hardwoods 10,957 105,251 116,208 All _types 1,000 ,488 2,152,209 3,152,697
Table 41--Area of woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and productivity class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Productivity class
Ownership Forest type class 5 High Low All classes ------ ee Acres -------- Other public: Pinyon-juniper 641,448 270,720 912,168 Juniper 70,592 6,771 77,363 Oak 105957 -- 10,957 Total 722,997 277,491 1,000 ,488 Private: Pinyon-juniper 1,494,602 405,176 1,899,778 Juniper 87,111 60,070 147,181 Oak 105,250 -- 105,250 Total 1,686 ,963 465,246 2,152,209 Total: Pinyon-juniper 2,136,050 675,896 2,811,946 Juniper 157,703 66,841 224,544 Oak 116,207 -- 116,207 Total 2,409,960 742,737 3,152,697
49
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53
Table 46--Net volume of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and productivity class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Productivity class
Ownership Forest type class High Lo All g “d classes - - - - Thousand cubic feet - - - - - Other public: Pinyon-juniper 288 , 333 90,681 379,014 Juniper 26,939 1,709 28,648 Oak 1,468 -- 1,468 Total 316,740 92,390 409,130 Private: Pinyon-juniper 761,665 160,288 921,953 Juniper 14,019 17,398 31,417 Oak 62,895 -- 62,895 Total 838,579 177 ,686 1,016,265 Total: Pinyon-juniper 1,049,998 250,969 1,300,967 Juniper 40,958 19,107 60,065 Oak 64,363 -- 64,363 Total 1,155,319 270,076 1,425,395
Table 47--Net volume of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and volume class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
__—_— SSE
Volume class
Ownership eiaes Forest type 0 - 500 500-1,000 1,000+ All cu ft/acre cu ft/acre cu ft/acre classes ------ ee Thousand cubic feet - - - - - - - - Other public: Pinyon-juniper 153:,957 150,966 74,091 379,014 Juniper 9,459 11,289 7,900 28,648 Oak 1,468 -- -- 1,468 Total 164,884 162,255 81,991 409,130 Private: Pinyon-juniper 2173855 384,152 259,946 9215953 Juniper 24,087 75330 -- 31,417 Oak 9,570 12,644 40,681 62,895 Total 311,512 404,126 300,627 1,016,265 Total: Pinyon-juniper 431,812 535,118 334,037 1,300,967 Juniper 33,546 18,619 7,900 60,065 Oak 11,038 12,644 40,681 64,363 Total 476,396 566,381 382,618 1,425,395
54
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55
Table 49--Net dead volume of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and productivity class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Productivity class
Ownership Forest type class ; Al] nag Low classes - - - - Thousand cubic feet - - - - - Other public: Pinyon-juniper 56,411 18,509 74,920 Juniper 4,941 399 5,340 Oak 35 -- 35 Total 61,387 18,908 80,295 Private: Pinyon-juniper 126,840 40,627 167,467 Juniper 1,031 1,891 2,922 Oak 3521 -- 330271 Total 131,392 42,518 173,910 Total: Pinyon-juniper 183,251 59,136 242 ,387 Juniper 5,972 2,290 8,262 Oak 3.5556 -- 3,556 Total 192,779 61,426 254,205
Table 50--Net dead volume of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and volume class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Volume class
Ownership place Forest type 0 - 500 500-1,000 1,000+ All cu ft/acre cu ft/acre cu ft/acre classes -- ee ee ee Thousand cubic feet - ------ - Other public: Pinyon-juniper 30,549 24,417 19,954 74,920 Juniper 2,296 1,963 1,081 5,340 Oak 35 -- -- 35 Total 32,880 26, 380 21035 80,295 Private: Pinyon-juniper 48,818 72,494 46,154 167,466 Juniper 1294 1,632 -- 2,923 Oak 126 828 25507 S521 Total 505.235 74,954 48,721 173,910 Total: Pinyon-juniper 79,367 96,911 66,108 242 , 386 Juniper 3,587 3,595 1,081 8,263 Oak 161 828 2,567 3.5556 Total 83,115 101,334 69,756 254,205
56
Table 51--Net annual growth on woodland outside National Forests by species and ownership class in northwestern New Mexico, 1986
Ownership class
Species
Other :
public Private Total - - - - Thousand cubic feet - - - -
Douglas-fir -- 43 43 Ponderosa pine 181 508 689 White fir -- 56 56 Cottonwood -- 114 114 Pinyon/ juniper 5,264 13,196 18,460 Woodland hardwoods 143 2,209 2e55e All_ species 5,588 16,126 7g eg fd
Table 52--Net annual growth of woodland species on woodland outs-ests by ownership class, species, and diameter class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
ee... (6 (0006 00 0
Two-inch dia@llar class Ownership class and species
a ———$——
3.0- 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- D.0- 21.0- 23.0- 25.0- 27.0- 29.0+ ll 4.9 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 D.9 22.9 24.9 26.9 28.9 classes ee FR I i IS ic ANE molt mee Sea ate aoe ea Sa aia ihe & 2 3° S 235 S20 Se ee Other public: Pinyon 463 454 566 432 273 134 137 -- 8 =— 6 _ 2,568 Juniper 107 274 278 296 405 325 373 143 120 70 32 12 2,696 Oak 98 18 17 9 ‘iat ae ae ee ee ee 143 Total 668 746 861 737. 679 459 410 143 128 70 38 12 5,407 a SS SS Total 2,892 2,723 2,283 1,792 1,606 1,260 $48 194 223 125 155 110 15,405 Total: Pinyon 1,785 2,056 2,157 1,589 1,344 846 SEG 13 19 -- 35 -- 10,990 Juniper 371 731 769 896 940 873 242 324 332 195 158 122 7,470 ols a Oy Sa a a ee SE —_lotal 3,560 3,469 3,144 2,529 2,285 1,719 1,558 337 351195193122 20,812
57
Table 53--Net annual growth of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and productivity class in northwestern New Mexico, 1986
Ownership
class
Other public:
Private:
Total:
Productivity class
Forest type : All
High BoM classes - - - - Thousand cubic feet - - - - - Pinyon-juniper 3,774 1,129 4,903 Juniper 391 25 416 Oak 88 -- 88 Total 4,253 1,154 5,407 Pinyon-juniper uaa ial 15652 12,823 Juniper 146 178 324 Oak 24258 -- 2,258 Total 135575 1,830 15,405 Pinyon-juniper 14,945 2,781 17,726 Juniper 537 203 740 Oak 2,346 -- 2,346 Total 17 ,828 2,984 20,812
Table 54--Net annual growth of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, forest type, and volume class in northwestern New Mexico, 1986
Ownership class
Other public:
Private:
Total:
Forest type
Pinyon-juniper Juniper Oak
Total Pinyon-juniper Juniper Oak
Total Pinyon-juniper Juniper
Oak
Total
Volume class
0 - 500 500-1,000 1,000+ All cu ft/acre cu ft/acre cu ft/acre classes
2,013 De O'S 974 4,902 103 224 89 416 89 -- -- 89 25209 25139 1,063 5,407 4,732 5,550 2,941 e583. 290 34 -- 324 751 440 1,067 2,258 Dig Lis 6,024 3,608 15,405 6,745 7,465 Spee PAS 393 258 89 740 840 440 1,067 2,347 7,978 8,163 4,671 20,812
58
Table 55--Annual mortality on woodland outside National
Forests by species and ownership class in
northwestern New Mexico, 1986
Ownership class
Species
Other :
public Private Total - - - - Thousand cubic feet - - - - -
Douglas-fir -- -- -- Ponderosa pine -- -- -- White fir == == Se Cottonwood == —_ == Pinyon/ juniper 201 83 284 Woodland hardwoods 7 -- 7 All_ species 208 83 291
Table 56--Number of pinyon Christmas trees on woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, grade, and height class in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Ownership
class
Other pub
Private:
Total:
Christmas-tree
grade O5s= 5° lic: Premium 30 Standard 1,823 Utility 1,461 Total S554 Premium 952 Standard 2,738 Utility 4,869 Total 8,559 Premium 982 Standard 4,561 Utility 6,330
Total 11,873
Height class
6' - 10'
362 2,877 4,324
7,563 1,452 4,031 8,957
14,440 1,814 6,908
13,281
22,003
Thousand trees
All
T= 5s classes 64 456 354 5,054 393 6,178 811 11,688 26 2,430 1,050 7,819 2,543 16,369 3,619 26,618 90 2,886 1,404 12,873 2,936 22,547 4,430 38 , 306
Table 57--Number of fenceposts on woodland outside National Forests by ownership class, species, and type of post in northwestern New Mexico, 1987
Type of post Ownership : alace Species
Line Corner Total
- - - - Thousand fenceposts - - - -
Other public: Pinyon == = Juniper 10,707 6,274 16,981
Oak 438 68 506
Total 11,145 6,342 17,487
Private: Pinyon -- -- -- Juniper 20,220 11,570 31,790
Oak 10,321 2,460 12.771
Total 30,531 14,030 44,561
Total: Pinyon -- -- -- Juniper 30,927 17,844 48,771
Oak 10,749 23528 13,277
Total 41,676 20,372 62 ,048
County Tables
Table 58--Area of timberland outside National Forests in northwestern New Mexico by county, 1987
County Area - - Acres - - Bernalillo 15,430 Cibola 98,250 Los Alamos 1,923 McKinley 103,367 Rio Arriba 310,534 Sandoval 96,557 San Juan 125 ,807 Santa Fe 36,024 Taos 118,563 Valencia 11,342
Total 91757297
Table 59--Net volume of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland outside National Forests in northwestern New Mexico by county, 1987
County Growing stock Sawtimber Thousand board feet Thousand Thousand International board feet - - cubic feet - - - - 34-inch rule - - - - Scribner rule - - Bernalillo 19,005 67,468 55,726 Cibola 89,290 331,855 275,040 Los Alamos 2,993 93331 7,648 McKinley 64,343 278,311 238,172 Rio Arriba 333,974 1,301,745 1,088,102 Sandoval 116,166 415,721 344,878 San Juan 122,911 570,956 489,916 Santa Fe 30,476 110,144 89,206 Taos 144,555 5A -83 418,029 Valencia 12,481 44,015 36,188 Total 936,194 3,644,329 3,042,905
Table 60--Net annual growth of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland outside National Forests in northwestern New Mexico by county, 1986
County Growing stock Sawtimber Thousand board feet Thousand Thousand International board feet - - cubic feet - - - - 34-inch rule - - - - Scribner rule - - Bernalillo 480 2,238 1,870 Cibola 2,403 10,308 8,602 Los Alamos 15 368 303 McKinley 1533 5a 59 4,452 Rio Arriba 8,132 35,802 29,999 Sandoval 2,895 15,059 12,483 San Juan 2,fel 11,862 10,061 Santa Fe 813 3,896 35057 Taos 4,101 15,099 12,506 Valencia 328 1,248 1,041 Total 23,487 101,039 84,474
61
Table 61--Annual mortality of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland outside National Forests in northwestern New Mexico by county, 1986
County Growing stock Sawtimber Thousand board feet Thousand Thousand International board feet - - cubic feet - - - - 4-inch rule - - - - Scribner rule - - Bernalillo 25 86 69 Cibola 214 758 598 Los Alamos 3 9 8 McKinley 46 156 126 Rio Arriba 508 1,726 1,390 Sandoval 175 594 478 San Juan 10 35 28 Santa Fe 41 138 1d Taos 243 824 664 Valencia 12 41 33 Total Ve277 4,367 3,505
Table 62--Area, net volume, net annual growth, and net annual mortality of woodland species on woodland outside National Forests in northwestern New Mexico by county
Net
Net annual Annual
County Area volume growth mortality (1987) (1987) (1986) (1986)
- - Acres -- ------------ Thousand cubic feet -----------
Bernalillo 79,619 35,110 afl (1) Cibola 613111 286,165 4,469 188 Los Alamos 1,811 832 15 (1) McKinley 722,195 353,221 4,839 39 Rio Arriba 584,817 294,448 4,255 45 Sandoval 307 ,633 120,050 1,535 6 San Juan 476,283 208,911 2,813 1 Santa Fe 205,798 52,857 869 1 Taos 125,996 61,465 1052s 1 Valencia 35,434 12,336 194 10 Total 3,152,697 1,425 ,395 20,812 291
lLess than .5 thousand cubic feet.
62
Van Hooser, Dwane D. 1987. Timberland and woodland resources outside National Forests in northwestern New Mexico, 1987. Resour. Bull. INT-46. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 62 p.
Presents land area, timberland and woodland area, associated volume, and com- ponents of change for the forest lands outside the National Forests in northwestern New Mexico.
KEYWORDS: forest survey, inventory volume, pinyon-juniper
INTERMOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION
The Intermountain Research Station provides scientific knowledge and technology to improve management, protection, and use of the forests and rangelands of the Intermountain West. Research is de- signed to meet.the needs of National Forest managers, Federal and State agencies, industry, academic institutions, public and private or- ganizations, and individuals. Results of research are made available through publications, symposia, workshops, training sessions, and personal contacts.
The Intermountain Research Station territory includes Montana, idaho, Utah, Nevada, and western Wyoming. Eighty-five percent of the lands in the Station area, about 231 million acres, are classified as forest or rangeland. They include grasslands, deserts, shrublands, alpine areas, and forests. They provide fiber for forest industries, minerals and fossil fuels for energy and industrial development, water for domestic and industrial consumption, forage for livestock and wildlife, and recreation opportunities for millions of visitors.
Several Station units conduct research in additional western States, or have missions that are national or international in scope.
Station laboratories are located in:
Boise, Idaho
Bozeman, Montana (in cooperation with Montana State University) Logan, Utah (in cooperation with Utah State University)
Missoula, Montana (in cooperation with the University of Montana) Moscow, Idaho (in cooperation with the University of Idaho) Ogden, Utah
Provo, Utah (in cooperation with Brigham Young University)
Reno, Nevada (in cooperation with the University of Nevada)
USDA policy prohibits discrimination because of race, color, na- tional origin, sex, age, religion, or handicapping condition. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any USDA-related activity should immediately contact the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250.
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