Historic, archived document
Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.
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Ge nite ates " . i) Semen of Timber Resource of Missouri's
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North Central Forest Experiment pool Osim
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Resource Bulletin NC-117
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North Central Forest Experiment Station Forest Service—U.S. Department of Agriculture 1992 Folwell Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 Manuscript approved for publication January 10, 1991 1991
This report includes the most commonly used Forest Inventory and Analysis statistics. However, additional forest resource data can be provided to inter- ested users. Persons requesting additional information that can be provided from the raw inventory data are expected to pay the retrieval costs. These costs range from less than $100 for a relatively simple request to $2,000 for a complex retrieval involving the services of a Forest Inventory and Analysis computer programmer. Requests will be filled so as to minimize the impact on the Forest Inventory and Analysis Work Unit.
Requests for unpublished information may be directed to:
Project Leader
Forest Inventory and Analysis
North Central Forest Experiment Station 1992 Folwell Avenue
St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
Phone: (612) 649-5140
Area served: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin
Requests for unpublished information from the Missouri inventory may also be directed to:
State Forester
Missouri Department of Conservation Forestry Division
P.O. Box 180
Jefferson City, Missouri 65102 Phone: (314) 751-4115
FOREWORD
Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) is a continuing endeavor as mandated by the Renewable Forest and Rangeland Resources Planning Act of 1974. Prior inventories were mandated by the McSweeney-McNary Forest Research Act of 1928. The objective of FIA is to periodically inventory the Nation’s forest land to determine its extent, condition, and volume of timber, growth, and removals. Up-to-date resource information is essential to frame forest policies and programs. USDA Forest Service regional experiment stations are responsible for conducting these inventories and publishing summary re- ports for individual States. The North Central Forest Experiment Station is responsible for forest resource evaluation in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
Fieldwork for the Missouri statewide forest inventory was begun in January 1987 and completed in June 1989. Reports on the three previous invento- ries of Missouri’s timber resource are dated 1947, 1959, and 1972.
More accurate survey information was obtained during the 1989 survey than otherwise would have been feasible because of intensified field sampling. Such sampling was made possible by additional funding provided by the Mis- souri Department of Conservation. The Department also surveyed primary wood-using plants in the State. Data from this survey were used to help es- timate the quantity of timber products harvested in the State. Missouri De- partment of Conservation personnel have also assisted in training field personnel, analyzing information obtained from the survey, and preparing this report.
Aerial photos used in the Missouri Forest Inventory were furnished by the USDA Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources Geology and Land Survey.
CONTENTS
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TABLES
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Timber Resource of Missouri's Prairie
Arnold J. Ostrom
HIGHLIGHTS
NOTE: Data from new forest inventories are often compared with data from earlier inventories to de- termine trends in forest resources. However, for the comparisons to be valid, the procedures used in the two inventories must be similar. As a result of our ongoing efforts to improve the efficiency and reliability of the inventory, several changes in procedures and definitions have occurred since 1972. Because some of these changes will make it inappropriate to directly compare the 1989 data with those published for 1972, data from the 1972 inventory will be reprocessed using the 1989 procedures and will be published in part in the State statistical report. Please refer to the Appen- dix section labeled “Comparing Missouri's fourth inventory with the third inventory” for more details.
General
The Prairie Unit consists of 53 counties in the northern and western part of Missouri. Most of this area, except for deep river drainages, has been cleared and used for agriculture for many years. The forests of this area are scattered and in small acreages as farm woodlots and wind- breaks.
Area
The forest land base in the Prairie Unit covers 13 percent of the land area or 2.5 million acres. The heaviest concentration of forest land is in coun- ties along the Mississippi River. Here Lincoln County (28 percent forested) and Pike County (27 percent forested) have the largest concentrations in the Unit (fig. 1).
Arnold J. Ostrom is a Supervisory Forester with the North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN.
Since the third Missouri forest inventory in 1972, forest area in the Prairie Unit has increased by 530 thousand acres or more than 26 percent in the 17 years between inventories. The following tabulation shows these changes by forest land classes:
Survey year Change Land class 1972 1989 since 1972 Sa (Thousand acres) - - - - - Timberland 1,940.4 2,500.3 +559.9 Woodland 15.9 15:3 - 0.6 Reserved timberland 46.5 16.9 - 29.6 Total forest 2,002.8 2532.5) 3452927 Nonforest land 17,545.4 17,008.8 -536.6 Total land area 19,548.2 19,541.3 - 6.9
Forest land can be subdivided into timberland (formerly called commercial forest land), reserved timberland, and woodland (formerly called un- productive forest land).
Timberland, land capable of and available for growing industrial timber products, is the largest forest land class in Missouri's Prairie, accounting for 2.5 million acres, or almost 99 percent of the forest land area. The other forest land categories include 15 thousand acres of woodland (unpro- ductive forest land) and 17 thousand acres of reserved timberland.
Forest type is a classification of forest land based on tree species forming a plurality of live tree stocking. In the Prairie Unit, the most frequently occurring forest type is the black-scarlet oak type. The 687 thousand acres in this type represents 27 percent of the timberland acres. The next largest forest type is white oak, with 585 thousand acres. Another important forest type is the maple type, sometimes referred to as the mixed upland hardwood type, with 528 thousand acres (fig. 2).
Caldwell SS
Percent forest
Less than 10
(eas) 10 to 15
16 to 20
LA
21 to 25 Ry 26 to 30
Figure 1.—Percent forest land by county.
One-half of the Unit’s timberland area (51 per- Volume cent or 1,274 thousand acres) is in sawtimber-
size stands. The remaining area of timberland is Total growing-stock volume (net volume of mer-
divided between poletimber stands (SO percent) chantable trees 5 inches d.b.h. and larger) is and sapling and seedling stands (19 percent). 1,593 million cubic feet, or 637 cubic feet per Almost 50 percent of the timberland area in the ers
Prairie is held by farm owners, and another 34 More than 99 percent of this volume is in hard- percent is held by private individuals. Public wood tree species. The oak species account for agencies own only 6 percent of the timberland almost 50 percent of the growing-stock volume (fig. 3). (776 million cubic feet). Hickories are the second
most plentiful species in the Prairie, with 14 percent of the volume (fig. 4).
Thousand acres 8
G
Black-White Maple. Elm- Post- " Oak- other scarlet oak beech ash- blackjack gum- oak softmaple oak cypress
Forest type
Figure 2.—Area of timberland by forest type.
Included in the growing-stock volume are 4,869 million board feet of sawtimber volume (saw-log portion of merchantable sawtimber-size trees).
As with growing stock, the oak species leads all other species groups, with 53 percent of the sawtimber volume. Cottonwood is the second most prominent species with 472 million board feet of sawtimber material.
, Private Vy corporations
Individuals ; 34% YZ
Figure 3.—Area of timberland by owner class.
Softwoods Less than 1%
Figure 4.—Volume of growing stock by major species group.
Forty-two percent (2,032 million board feet) of hardwood sawtimber volume is in trees 11 to 15 inches d.b.h., and 28 percent (1,387 million board feet) is in trees 15.0 to 19.0 inches d.b.h.
(fig. 5).
Billion board feet
.0- 15.0- 19.0- 29.0+ 9 18.9 28.9
Dbh Class (inches)
Figure 5.—Hardwood sawtimber volume by diameter class.
Growing-stock inventory is composed of sawtim- ber- and poletimber-size trees. Thirty-five per- cent of the growing-stock inventory is in poletim- ber (565 million cubic feet). Sawtimber trees account for 1,028 million cubic feet, equivalent to 4,869 million board feet.
The cubic-foot inventory volume in all live trees on commercial forest land totals 2,679 million cubic feet—1,593 million (59 percent) in growing- stock trees. Many trees in the Prairie Unit are short, have poor form, and fall into a nongrowing stock category called rough trees or short-log trees. The portion of total inventory volume in this category is 36 percent. This proportion of total inventory in rough and short-log trees is much higher than in surrounding States—for example, Illinois has only 7 percent. In addition, 126 million cubic feet in the Prairie is in another nongrowing-stock category called rotten trees.
Growth
Net annual growth of growing stock in the Prairie was 39.0 million cubic feet, or 15.6 cubic feet per acre per year. The growth in the oak species group (the largest group, with 50 percent of the growing-stock volume) is 16.9 million cubic feet. The growth rate (the volume of growing-stock net annual growth divided by the volume of growing- stock inventory) is 2.45 percent.
Removals
Average annual growing-stock removals on commercial forest land totaled 10.9 million cubic feet. Oak removals totaled over half of that—6.2 million cubic feet. Average annual removals of growing stock are 28 percent of net annual growth in the Unit.
Sawtimber annual removals totaled 39.6 million board feet, with sawtimber removals only 27 percent of growth. Growth and removals are often compared to determine whether a stand is being fully utilized (fig. 6)
Mortality
Annual mortality of growing-stock amounted to 15.0 million cubic feet, 0.94 percent of growing- stock inventory volume.
Annual mortality of sawtimber amounted to 42.4 million cubic feet, 0.87 percent of sawtimber inventory volume.
- 20
Bi Growth
EF] Removals Mortality
Million cubic feet
Hickory Maple Other hardwoods
White oak Red oa
Species group
Figure 6.—Annual growth, removals, and mortal- ity of growing stock on timberland by major species group.
APPENDIX
ACCURACY OF THE SURVEY
Forest Inventory and Analysis information is based on a sampling procedure designed to
- provide reliable statistics at the State and Survey Unit levels. Consequently, the reported figures are estimates only. A measure of reliability of these figures is given by sampling errors. These sampling errors mean that the chances are two out of three that if a 100-percent inventory had been taken, using the same methods, the results would have been within the limits indicated.
For example, the estimated growing-stock volume in the Unit in 1989, 1,593.0 million cubic feet, has a sampling error of +2.57 percent (+40.9 million cubic feet). The growing-stock volume from a 100-percent inventory would be expected to fall between 1,552.1 and 1,633.9 million cubic feet (1,593.0 + 40.9), there being a one in three chance that this is not the case.
The following tabulation shows the sampling errors for the 1989 Prairie Forest Inventory:
Item Unit totals Sampling error Growing stock (Million cubic feet) (Percent) Volume (1989) 1,593.0 2.6 Growth (1988) 39.0 3.6 Average annual removals (1972-1988) 10.9 19.4 Sawtimber (Million board feet) Volume (1989) 4,868.8 3.4 Growth (1988) 146.9 5.0 Average annual removals (1972-1988) 39.6 20.9 Timberland (Thousand acres) Area (1989) 2,500.3 1.4
As survey data are broken down into sections smaller than Survey Unit totals, the sampling error increases. For example, the sampling error for timberland area in a particular county is higher than that for total timberland area in the Unit. This tabulation shows the sampling errors for Unit totals. For data smaller than Unit totals. use the following formula to compute error estimates:
(SE) , / (Unit total area or volume)
sa males Fats Neel Ota a eke (Volume or area smaller than Unit total) tees ee SUG UE a ys sain
SE = Unit total error for area or volume
For example, to compute the error on the area of timberland in the black-scarlet oak type in the Unit, proceed as follows:
The total area of black-scarlet oak type in the Unit from table 3 = 687,100 acres
The total area of all timberland in the Unit from table 3 = 2,500,300
The Unit total error for timberland area from the above tabulation = 1.37 percent
Using the above formula: SURVEY PROCEDURES
(1.37) 2,500,300
\/ 687,100
+2.61 percent
Error
SURVEY PROCEDURES These were the major steps in the new survey design:
The 1989 Missouri survey used a growth model- enhanced, two-phase sample design. Using this 1. Aerial photography (Phase 1) sampling scheme and associated estimators is
simil
ar to sampling with partial replacement In this phase two sets of random points were
(SPR), in that a set of randomly located plots is located on current aerial photography: a set of available for remeasurement and a random set of new photo plots and a set of relocated old photo new plots is established and measured. Asignifi- plots (ground plot locations from the previous
cant feature of the new Missouri design is strati- inventory). Photos were 1:20,000 and 1:40,000 fication for disturbance on the old sample and scale black and white panchromatic prints
use of a growth model to improve regression provided by the ASCS and the Missouri Depart- estimates made on old undisturbed forest plots ment of Natural Resources Geology and Land (fig. 7). The growth model used in the Missouri Survey. The year of photography for each county
survey design was the Central States Stand and in the Unit is shown on the next page:
Tree
Evaluation and Modeling System (STEMS).?
1 Shifley, S.F. 1987. A generalized system of models forecasting Central States tree growth. Res. Pap. NC-
279.
St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station.
10 p.
Undisturbed plots - remeasure plot and update with STEMS (compare STEMS plot with remeasured plot to derive regression estimator to apply to undisturbed non-remeasured plots)
New inventory plots (selected from new photo grid)
Remeasurable plots
Disturbed plots - Integrated STEMS remeasure plot inventory design
Old inventory plots Undisturbed plots -
(transferred from old photo update with STEMS (apply
grid) regression estimator derived from undisturbed remeasured plots)
Non-remeasurable plots
Disturbed plots - establish new plot at old location
Figure 7.—Overview of the Missouri sample design.
County Date County Adair 1980 Gentry Andrew 1981 Greene Atchison 1981 Grundy Audrain 1979 Harrison Barton 1980 Henry Bates 1980 Holt Buchanan 1981 Jackson Caldwell 1979 Jasper Carroll 1980 Johnson Cass 1980 Knox Chariton 1979 Lafayette Clark 1979 Lawrence Clay 1979 Lewis Clinton 1976 Lincoln Cooper 1981 Linn Dade 1977 Livingston Daviess 1981 Macon DeKalb 1979 Marion
The locations of the plots used in the 1972 inventory were transferred to these new photo- graphs. The photographs were then assembled into township mosaics, and a systematic grid of 121 1-acre photo plots (each plot representing approximately 190.4 acres) was overlaid on each township mosaic. Each of these plots (both the new systematic grid points and the old sample plots) was examined by aerial photogrammetrists and classified stereoscopically based on land use. If trees were present, forest type and stand size- density class were recorded. Then all the old sample locations and a sample of the new photo plots were sent to the field for the field crew to verify the photo classification and to take further measurements. In all, 103,184 photo plots (99,114 new and 4,070 old) were examined stereoscopically as shown in the following tabula- tion:
Photo land class Photo plots Timberland 14,291 Reserved timberland 74 Questionable 323 Nonforest with trees 3,624 Nonforest without trees 84,085 Water 687
All classes 103,184
Date County Date 1981 Mercer 1979 1982 Monroe 1979 1979 Nodaway 1981 1979 Pettis 1980 1980 Pike 1979 1981 Platte 1979 1979 Putnam 1980 1980 Ralls 1980 1980 Randolph 1979 1979 Ray 1979 1979 Saline 1980 1979 Schuyler 1980 1979 Scotland 1980 1982 Shelby 1979 1980 Sullivan 1980 1979 Vernon 1980 1979 Worth 1979 1980
2. Plot measurements (Phase 2)
On plots classified as timberland, wooded pas- ture, or windbreak (at least 120 feet wide), a ground plot was established, remeasured, or modelled. A ground plot consists of a 10-point cluster covering approximately 1 acre. At each point, trees 5.0 inches or more in d.b.h. were sampled on a 37.5 Basal Area Factor (BAF) variable-radius plot, and trees less than 5.0 inches d.b.h. were sampled on a 1/300-acre fixed-radius plot.
From the new photo plots, a random sample of ground plots was established, and measures of land use, volume, mortality, and cutting were recorded. These locations were monumented for future remeasurement. The procedures for the old inventory photo plots (old plot locations) were somewhat different. Old plots were classed as remeasurable (monumented) or nonremeasurable (not monumented and thus difficult to relocate in the field). Within both of these groups, old plots can additionally be identified as undisturbed or disturbed. Ground plots corresponding to re- measurable old inventory photo plots that were classified as undisturbed forest land were re- measured to obtain current land use, volume, growth, and removals information.
All undisturbed remeasurable forest plots were projected to the current time using STEMS, which yields projected estimates of current volume and growth. The comparison of the projected and observed values for these plots provided local calibration data to adjust the projected values of the undisturbed nonremeas- urable plots. The adjustment procedure is described by Smith? in a separate publication. All disturbed remeasurable plots were remeas- ured on the ground to assess changes since the last inventory. Disturbance refers to any change on a plot that can be detected on aerial photos and that the STEMS growth processor cannot predict, such as catastrophic mortality, cutting, seedling stands, and land use change.
Nonremeasurable forest plots were not monu- mented during the 1972 inventory, but play a crucial role in the new survey design. These points were carefully examined, comparing past and current aerial photography to determine which plots were undisturbed and had condi- tions that could be simulated by STEMS. For those plots that could be updated, past and
Old plots
Ground land use class remeasured Timberland 213 Reserved timberland 0 Woodland 1 Reserved woodland 0 Nonforest with trees 66 Nonforest without trees 1,536 Water 12
Total 1,828
2 Smith, W. Brad. 1983. Adjusting the STEMS regional growth models to improve local predictions. Res. Note NC-297. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station.
5p.
current photography was examined to determine that only normal growth and mortality had occurred. STEMS was then used to “grow” the old plot and tree data to produce an estimate of current data. Thus, these plots were treated as ground plots, even though they were never visited. The plot record for each updated plot was sent to the field for verification of current ownership information. For plots classified as disturbed, a new ground plot was established as close to the old location as possible. This allows information about land use trends to be recorded even though it may not be possible to locate the old plot exactly.
The estimation procedure for computing statis- tics from this sampling design was more compli- cated than the simple two-phase estimation procedure used in the past. In fact, this proce- dure yielded two independent samples, one coming from the new photo points and the other from the old photo points that are remeasured or updated. The distribution of ground plots for the new inventory design can be summarized as follows:
Old plots Old plots New Total updated replaced plots plots 131 148 451 943 0 1 20 21 0 0 6 F 0 0 0 0 20 49 136 271 1,827 53 3,017 6,433 10 3 50 75 1,988 254 3,680 7,750
3. Area estimates
Area estimates were made using two-phase estimation methods. In this type of estimation, a preliminary estimate of area by land use is made - from the aerial photographs (phase 1) and cor- rected by the plot measurements (phase 2). A complete description of this estimation method is presented by Loetsch and Haller (1964)°.
4. Volume estimates
Estimates of volume per acre were made from the trees measured or modelled on the 10-point plots. Estimates of volume per acre were multi- plied by the area estimates to obtain estimates of total volume. Net cubic foot volumes are based on equations developed by Hahn and Hansen (In prep.)* for use in the Central States.
The Forest Service reports all board foot volume in International 1/4-inch rule. In Missouri, the Doyle log rule is commonly used. Doyle log rule conversion factors were derived from full tree measurements taken throughout the Central States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri) and an equation developed by Wiant and Castenaeda (1977)°. The factors (multipliers) used here to convert board foot International volumes to the Doyle rule are shown in the following tabulation:
3 Loetsch, F.; Haller, K.E. 1964. Forest inventory, volume I, statistics of forest inventory and information Jfrom aerial photographs. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft Munch Basle Vienna. 436 p.
* Hahn, Jerold T.; Hansen, Mark H. (In prep.). Tree
volume equations for the Central States. Res. Pap. NC- .
St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station.
5 Wiant, Harry V., Jr.; Castenaeda, Froylan. 1977. Mesavage and Girard’s volume tables formulated. BLM4. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Denver Service Center: 1-4.
D.b.h. Doyle rule conversion factor (inches) Softwoods Hardwoods 9.0-10.9 0.3455 —_ 11.0-12.9 0.4780 0.4172 13.0-14.9 0.5992 0.5118 15.0-16.9 0.6908 0.5882 17.0-18.9 0.7685 0.6569 19.0-20.9 0.8573 0.7180 21.0-22.9 0.8645 0.7829 23.0-24.9 0.9276 0.8324 25.0-26.9 0.9493 0.8736 27.0-28.9 0.9710 0.9473 29.0+ 1.1065 1.1349
5. Growth and mortality estimates
On remeasured plots, estimates of growth and mortality per acre come from the remeasured diameters of trees and from observation of trees that died between inventories. Growth is re- ported for 1988, the last year before the inven- tory, and is based on an assumption of constant basal area growth over the remeasurement period. Mortality is reported for 1988 also, and is based on an assumption of constant volume mortality over the remeasurement period. On new plots, where trees were not remeasured, estimates of growth and mortality were obtained by using STEMS to project the growth and mortality of trees for 1 year. Growth and mortal- ity estimates for old undisturbed plots that were updated were derived in the same manner as remeasured plots. The STEMS growth model was adjusted by Survey Unit to meet local conditions. As with volume, total growth and mortality estimates were obtained by multiplying the per acre estimates by area estimates.
6. Average annual removals estimates
Average annual growing-stock and sawtimber removals (1972 to 1988) were estimated only from the remeasured plots; new plots were not used to estimate removals. These estimates were obtained from trees measured in the last survey and cut or otherwise removed from the timber- land base. Because remeasurement plots make up about one-half of the total ground plots, average annual removals estimates have greater sampling errors than volume and growth esti- mates.
COMPARING MISSOURI’S FOURTH INVENTORY WITH THE THIRD INVENTORY
The following paragraphs highlight some of the procedural changes since the last inventory and are provided to assist the reader in analyzing data from this report:
New volume equations were developed for the Central States, and these equations were used to compute the 1989 volumes and also to recom- pute the 1972 volume for growth calculations. Although the adjustment differs by Survey Unit the recomputed 1972 growing-stock and board foot volumes will generally be greater than those shown in the 1972 report.
Mortality figures published in the 1972 inventory report were based on field estimates from a limited number of remeasurement plots. Infor- mation gathered on a larger number of remeas- urement plots during the current inventory was used to adjust the 1972 mortality figures. This adjustment will also affect the estimate of net growth for the 1972 inventory.
Past surveys used only growing-stock trees to determine stand-size class. Current survey procedures require that stand-size class be determined on the basis of all live trees. There- fore, direct comparisons of current inventory data to old inventory data by stand-size class may be misleading.
10
The basic building block for estimating forest area and timber volume has been changed from the Survey Unit to the county. In the past, the statistics were developed at the Unit level and prorated back to the county on the basis of photo-interpretation points. Direct development of county-level data helps users interested in more precise local data, but can make the out- come of comparisons with past estimates uncer- tain.
LOG GRADE
In Missouri the butt log of every sawtimber sample tree was graded for quality on approxi- mately one-third of the sample plots. The volume yield by log grade for species in this sample was used to distribute the volume of trees in the ungraded sample into log-grade classes by spe- cies group.
Logs were graded on the basis of external charac- teristics as indicators of quality. Hardwood species were graded according to "A guide to hardwood log grading" (1973)®. The best 12-foot section of the lowest 16-foot hardwood log, or the best 12-foot upper section if the butt log did not meet minimum log-grade standards, was graded as follows:
6 Rast, Everette D.; Sonderman, David L.; Gammon, Glenn L. 1973. A guide to hardwood log grading. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-1. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experi- ment Station. 31 p.
Forest Service standard grades for hardwood factory saw logs
Grading factors Log grade 1 Butts Butts & Position in tree only uppers Scaling diameter, inches 13-15' 16-19 20+ Length without trim, feet 10+ Min. length, feet 7 5 3 Required clear cuttings? of each of three Max. number 2 2 2 best faces* Min. proportion of log length required in 5/6 5/6, 55/6 clear cutting Maximum For logs with sweep & crook less than one- allowance fourth of end in 15 percent sound defects For logs with more than one- fourth of end in 10 percent
n fect
Maximum scaling deduction 40 percent®
Specifications
Log grade 2 Butts & uppers 114? 12+ 10+ 8-9 10-11 12+
2/3 3/4 = 2/3 2/3
30 percent
20 percent
50 percent®
‘Ash and basswood butts can be 12 inches if they otherwise meet requirements for small #1’s. 2 Ten-inch logs of all species can be #2 if they otherwise meet requirements for small #1’s. 3 A clear cutting is a portion of a face, extending the width of the face, that is free of defects.
“A face is one-fourth of the surface of the log as divided lengthwise. 5 Otherwise #1 logs with 41- to 60-percent deductions can be #2. ® Otherwise #2 logs with 51- to 60-percent deductions can be #3.
Butts & uppers
8+
8+
No limit
1/2
50 percent
35 percent
50 percent
Log grade 3
Lat
Forest Service standard specifications for hardwood construction logs (tie and timber logs)'
Position in tree Min. diameter, small end Min. length without trim
Clear cuttings Sweep allowance
Sound surface defects:
Single knots
Whorled knots
Holes
Unsound surface defects :
End defects: Sound
Unsound
Butts and uppers 8 inches + 8 feet
No requirements One-fourth of the diameter at the small end for each 8 feet of length.
Any number, if no one knot has an average diameter above the callus in excess of one-third of the log diameter at point of occurrence.
Any number, if the sum of knot diameters above the callus does not exceed one-third of the log diameter at point of occurrence.
Any number provided none has a diameter over one-third of the log diameter at point of occurrence, and none extends more than 3 inches into included timber?.
Same requirements.as for sound defects if they extend into included timber. No limit if they do not.
No requirements.
None allowed; log must be sound internaily, but will admit one shake not to exceed one-fourth the scaling diameter and will admit one longitudinal split not extending more than 5 inches into included timber.
‘These specifications are minimum for the class. If, from a group of logs, factory logs are selected first, thus leaving only nonfactory logs from which to select construction logs, then the quality range of the construction logs so selected is limited, and the class may be considered a grade. If selection for construction logs is given first priority, it may be necessary to
subdivide the class into grades.
Included timber is always square, and dimension is judged from small end.
12
Log grades for southern pine logs
Grade 1: logs with three or four clear faces' and 16 inches minimum d.i.b.
Grade 2: logs with one or two clear faces and 12 inches minimum d.i.b.
Grade 3: logs with no clear faces and 6 inch minimum d.i.b.
After the tentative log grade is established from above, the log will be degraded one grade for each of the fol- lowing, except that no log can be degraded below grade 3. Net scale after deduction for defect must be at least 50 percent of the gross contents of the log.
1. Sweep. Degrade any tentative 1 or 2 log one grade if sweep amounts to 3 or more inches and equals or exceeds one-third of the diameter inside bark at small end.
2. Heart rot. Degrade any tentative 1 or 2 log one grade if conk, massed hyphae, or other evidence of advanced heart rot is found anywhere in it.
'A face is one-fourth of the circumference in width extend- ing full length of the log. Clear faces are those free of: knots measuring more than 1 inch in diameter, overgrown knots of any size, and holes more than one inch in diameter. Faces may be rotated to obtain the maximum number of clear ones.
Log grades for eastern redcedar (Missouri special use)
Position in tree Butts and uppers
D.B.H. 6 inches + Min. diameter(ob), smallend 5 inches + Length without trim 7 feet
Clear cuttings No requirements
Sweep allowance Reasonably straight
Sound surface defects permitted:
Single knot Any number less than one-half of the log diameter at point of occurrence.
Whorled knots Any number provided
the sum of the diame ter of knots 2 inches or larger in a 1-foot section does not ex- ceed the diameter at that point.
Any number, provided defect is not greater than one-half of the volume at any one point of occurrence.
Unsound defects permitted:
METRIC EQUIVALENTS OF UNITS USED IN THIS REPORT
1 acre = 4,046.86 square meters or 0.405 hec- tare.
1,000 acres = 405 hectares.
1 cubic foot = 0.0283 cubic meter.
1 foot = 30.48 centimeters or 0.3048 meter.
1 inch = 25.4 millimeters, 2.54 centimeters, or 0.0254 meter.
1 pound = 0.454 kilograms.
1 ton = 0.907 metric tons.
13
TREE SPECIES GROUPS IN MISSOURI’
SOFTWOODS Shortleafspiner. coe ccc cceeeccctteeee ee Pinus echinata Virginia pPIMe rn ..scc2<cesceccescsscosscseceses Pinus virginiana Bald@ypreSSicccscesr sesecesec cesses Taxodium distichum Easter redced any <.-c1.<c25.ceee-- Juniperus virginiana Other softwoods SCOLCHNPIME oceseceisctccecscesessccocoesece Pinus sylvestris HARDWOODS Select white oak® WIE Oar erie w core cocrenszasceceseuseeenes Quercus alba Swamp white Oak:..s.cc-ssceccescctcee Quercus bicolor BUE Oalie..22t.<cccestesncccccesoee- Quercus macrocarpa Swamp chestnut oak ............ Quercus michauxii Chinkapinioal:2:.2225-2-0- Quercus muehlenbergii Other white oak® OVeErCUp Oa eee. iciesescsesteaeeceres Quercus lyrata @hestmutOalers sc.ccs-csecccscsscscosesece Quercus prinus EOStHOaieecoceoecrrtieecccocctccoccencores Quercus stellata Select red oak® Cherny bark Oakes ncceccesceceescscece Quercus falcata var. pagodifolia | Northersnedi@ale7.c.--cecececrcercesosee Quercus rubra ' Shumlardioakeesc..csscccscsccccoces Quercus shumardii
var. shumardii Other red oak®
Scarlet Oale es ois...) coven cesseoesees Quercus coccinea Northern pin oak ............... Quercus ellipsoidalis Southemmred) alkene 2c. seccsscsee Quercus falcata Shingle Oaleeecc-sss.tcccosesesstnceee Quercus imbricaria BlackiOakcrntcccssccessccacscosscesseetens Quercus velutina BlachkjackiOalk 5 .<..ss.cs-secceeses Quercus marilandica PAT OANK fresbscstesctecccsceeces Cxeretenees Quercus palustris Willow Oale 2224 scccstsccscseaseosseccseetes Quercus phellos Select hickory® PECAN sic rtcvceccssetcesceovuccouet boscctoess Carya illinoensis Shellbaric hickory :.-..c-sesececaseseeces Carya lacinosa Shagbark hickory; .2.7....2---c--ceeseeseeens Carya ovata Mockernut hickory ...............6.. Carya tomentosa
7 The common and scientific names are based on: Little, Elbert L. 1979. Check list of native and natural- ized trees of the United States. Agric. Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 375 p.
8 This species or species group is considered a hard
hardwood, with an average specific gravity greater than or equal to 0.50.
14
Other hickory® Bitternut: hickony)..---.c-scessee-02 Carya cordiformis Pignut: hickory cc.2ssts-<s-esteeeeseeeeronne Carya glabra Black: NicKOry 1f scce-ceeccsssccodsosecssteres Carya texana River birch? .22.. csszcscccesceeccee teen meee Betula nigra Hard maple® Sugar maples... .ccc-sscccensesteccces Acer saccharum Soft maple? Red maple). jc.ccsstecdecessidaseseceseceee aes Acer rubrum Silvermaple%-cscescsceseceee eeceeen ee Acer saccharinum Ash§® Blue, ashy sic nseecseseess Fraxinus quadrangulata White ashivec.2.2c-cccccereccessoeres Fraxinus americana Greeniashieerses cee Fraxinus pennsylvanica Cottonwood? tit rcceteec nee Populus deltoides BaSSwOod? visrihiscictebesscesconcceeeauteeen Tilia americana Beech?) Lees eee Fagus grandifolia Black walnut®s. 2.0020. eee Juglans nigra Black cherty?..:sccc-cssessocssseeeoeeece Prunus serotina Buttenmut? oi7oecs. ccc ecceceeeeees ,-...Juglans cinerea Elm Winged’ elim® s.r cc0scccctessasects cocsscccanes Ulmus alata Americanielm? resessccctoeecrcseeens Ulmus americana Slippeny, elim? c.....teccccs-ceeesessccueeetoeees Ulmus rubra ROCK: ebrmn8 yo icccs.eeesecescac cantons seo Ulmus thomasii Hackberry? ii: :c:sssssire. ccctetee eect Celtis occidentalis SYCAMOre?!../.isteecccessseseceeceees Platanus occidentalis Yellow-poplar? f.2cc.cccceseees Liriodendron tulipifera Black: willow? t:c..c.c-.ccccsscenseetocee nore Salix nigra Sweet purmeyes.nccecccsceeccrese Liquidambar styraciflua Tupelo? Black tupelov..-20 ese .ceccceccastencese Nyssa sylvatica var. sylvatica Swamp tupelosscc.c-ccccstcescesce scones Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora Persimmon’ csccsecseesseseeeseaee Diospyros virginiana Sassafras® - icc cscvcccsscsseecesserneetes Sassafras albidum Other hardwoods Ohio buckeyerccccs: ccescccresoseeeestes Aesculus glabra Boxelder? i.cs.ckceccce ccs eaasstocvercsvepsscnce Acer negundo Kentucky coffeetree® ......... Gymnocladus dioicus Blackjlocust?:.ccccrsccesacccvese Robinia pseudoacacia White mulberry eit scccc.cercsccccaavssserccuvers Morus alba Red miu Derry? ceccncuccocescccccuesevavencsuucs Morus rubra Honeylocustecccesccscecescs sesssee Gleditsia triacanthos Norther Catalpa® -s..c-+s<ecswecenses Catalpa speciosa
® This species or species group is considered a soft hardwood, with an average specific gravity of 0.50 or less.
Noncommercial species
@sage-orange teres. .cccc-ceccoeeecees Maclura pomifera Eastern hophornbeam............ Ostrya virginiana VAD DIEM, Seon ceanetecetecssccctossceen steeseeetcceass Malus spp. American hornbeam.......... Carpinus caroliniana Wile iplmress ocs5.soeceedesceescvoscesse coeessses Prunus spp. Eastern red buG)s...<.c.c.cc0<ssceeeee Cercis canadensis BAW DAW icons cenceccwsccloesstonecdibseteecnes Asimina triloba WAAW UO scree terceescosecocecestcncetee Crataegus spp. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Average annual removals from growing stock.—The average net growing-stock volume in growing-stock trees removed annually for forest products (including roundwood products and logging residues) and for other uses (See Other removals). Average annual removals of growing stock are reported for a period of several years (1972 to 1988 in this report) and are based on infor- mation obtained from remeasurement plots (see Survey Procedures in Appendix).
Average annual removals from sawtimber.— The average net board foot sawtimber volume of live sawtimber trees removed annually for forest products (including roundwood prod- ucts and other uses [see Other removals)). Average annual removals of sawtimber are reported for a period of several years (1972 to 1988 in this report) and are based on infor- mation obtained from remeasurement plots (see Survey Procedures in Appendix).
Basal area.—The area in square feet of the cross section at breast height of a single tree. When the basal area of all trees in a stand is summed, the result is usually expressed as square feet of basal area per acre.
Commercial species.—Tree species presently or prospectively suitable for industrial wood products. (Note: Excludes species of typi- cally small size, poor form, or inferior quality such as hophornbeam, osage-orange, and redbud.)
Commercial forest land.—(See Timberland).
Cord.—One standard cord is 128 cubic feet of stacked wood, including bark and air space. Cubic feet can be converted to standard cords by dividing by 79.
County and municipal land.—Land owned by counties and local public agencies or munici- palities, or land leased to these governmental units for 50 years or more.
Cropland.—Land under cultivation within the past 24 months; including cropland har- vested, crop failures, cultivated summer fallow, idle cropland used only for pasture, orchards, and land in soil improvement crops, but excluding land cultivated in devel- oping improved pasture.
Cull.—Portions of a tree that are unusable for industrial wood products because of rot, missing or dead material, or other defect.
Diameter class.—A classification of trees based on diameter outside bark, measured at breast height (d.b.h.). Two-inch diameter classes are commonly used in Forest Inventory and Analysis, with the even inch the approximate midpoint for a class. For example, the 6-inch class includes trees 5.0 through 6.9 inches d.b.h.
Diameter at breast height (d.b.h.).—The out- side bark diameter at 4.5 feet (1.37 m) above the forest floor on the uphill side of the tree. For determining breast height, the forest floor includes the duff layer that may be present, but does not include unincorporated woody debris that may rise above the ground line.
Farm.—Any place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were produced and sold during the year.
Farmer-owned land.—Land owned by farm op- erators whether part of the farmstead or not. (Note: Excludes land leased by farm opera- tors from nonfarm owners, such as railroad companies and States.)
15
Forest land.—Land at least 16.7 percent stocked
by forest trees of any size, or formerly having had such tree cover, and not currently devel- oped for nonforest use. (Note: Stocking is measured by comparing specified standards with basal area and/or number of trees, age or size, and spacing.) The minimum area for classification of forest land is 1 acre. Road- side, streamside, and shelterbelt strips of timber must have a crown width of at least 120 feet to qualify as forest land. Unim- proved roads and trails, streams, or other bodies of water or clearings in forest areas shall be classed as forest if less than 120 feet wide. (See Tree, Land, Timberland, Reserved forest land, Other forest land, Stocking, and Water.)
Forest industry land.—Land owned by compa-
nies or individuals that operate a primary wood-using plant.
Forest type.—A classification of forest land
based on the species forming a plurality of live tree stocking. Major forest types in the State are:
Shortleaf pine.—Forests in which shortleaf pine comprises a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include oak, hickory, and gum.)
Eastern redcedar.—Forests in which east- ern redcedar comprises a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include oak and hickory.)
Eastern redcedar-hardwood.—Forests in which hardwoods (usually upland oaks), comprise a plurality of the stocking but where eastern redcedar comprises 25 to 50 percent of the stocking. (Common associates include gum, hickory, and yellow-poplar.)
Shortleaf pine-oak.—Forests in which hardwoods (usually white, scarlet, chestnut, northern red, or black oaks), singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking but where shortleaf pine comprises 25 to 50 percent of the stocking.
Post-blackjack oak.—Forests in which post or blackjack oaks, singly or in combina- tion, comprise a plurality of the stocking, and less than 25 percent of the stocking is in pines or eastern redcedar.
Black-scarlet oak.—Forests in which black oak or scarlet oaks, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking, and less than 25 percent of the stocking is in pines or eastern redcedar. (Common associates in- clude yellow-poplar, elm, maple, and black walnut.)
White oak.—Forests in which white oak species, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking, and less than 25 percent of the stocking is in pines or eastern redcedar.
Oak-gum-cypress.—Bottomland forests in which bottomland oaks such as pin, swamp white, and shingle oaks along with tupelo, blackgum, sweetgum, or cypress, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include
‘cottonwood, willow, ash, elm, hackberry, and
maple.)
Elm-ash-soft maple.—Forests in which lowland elm, ash, soft maple, and cotton- wood, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking. (Common associ- ates include boxelder, willow, sycamore, and beech.)
Cottonwood.—Forests in which cotton- wood comprises at least 50 percent of the stocking. (Associates include willow, elm, soft maple, and ash.)
Maple-beech.—Forests in which hard maple or beech, singly or in combination, comprises a plurality of the stocking. (Com- mon associates include soft maple, elm, and basswood.)
Growing-stock tree.—A live tree of commercial
species that meets specified standards of size, quality, and merchantability. (Note: Ex- cludes rough, rotten, and dead trees.)
Growing-stock volume.—Net volume in cubic
feet of growing-stock trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and over, from 1 foot above the ground toa minimum 4.0-inch top diameter outside bark of the central stem or to the point where the central stem breaks into limbs.
Hard hardwoods.—Hardwood species with an
average specific gravity greater than 0.50 such as oaks, hard maple, hickories, and ash.
Hardwoods.—Dicotyledonous trees, usually broad-leaved and deciduous. (See Soft hard- woods and Hard hardwoods.)
Idle farmland.—Includes former cropland, or- chards, improved pastures, and farm sites not tended within the past 2 years and presently less than 16.7 percent stocked with trees.
Improved pasture.—Land currently improved for grazing by cultivating, seeding, irrigating, or clearing of trees or brush and less than 16.7 percent stocked with live trees.
Industrial wood.—All roundwood products, except fuelwood.
Land.—A. Bureau of the Census. Dry land and land temporarily or partly covered by water such as marshes, swamps, and river flood plains (omitting tidal flats below mean high tide); streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals less than one-eighth of a statute mile wide; and lakes, reservoirs, and ponds less than 40 acres in area.
B. Forest Inventory and Analysis. The same as the Bureau of the Census, except minimum width of streams, etc., is 120 feet and minimum size of lakes, etc., is 1 acre.
Log grade.—A log classification based on exter- nal characteristics as indicators of quality or value. (See Appendix for specific grading factors used.)
Marsh.—Nonforest land that characteristically supports low, generally herbaceous or shrubby vegetation and that is intermittently covered with water.
Merchantable.—Refers to a pulpwood or saw-log section that meets pulpwood or saw-log specifications, respectively.
Miscellaneous Federal land.—Federal land other than National Forest and land admini- stered by the Bureau of Land Management or Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Miscellaneous private land.—Privately owned land other than forest-industry and farmer- owned land.
Mortality.—The volume of sound wood in grow- ing-stock and sawtimber trees that die annu- ally.
National Forest land.—Federai land that has been legally designated as National Forest or purchase units, and other land administered by the USDA Forest Service.
Net annual growth of growing stock.—The an- nual change in volume of sound wood in live sawtimber and poletimber trees and the total volume of trees entering these classes through ingrowth, less volume losses result- ing from natural causes.
Net annual growth of sawtimber.—The annual change in the volume of live sawtimber trees and the total volume of trees reaching sawtimber size, less volume losses resulting from natural causes.
Net volume.—Gross volume less deductions for rot, sweep, or other defect affecting use for timber products.
Noncommercial species.—Tree species of typically small size, poor form, or inferior quality that normally do not develop into trees suitable for industrial wood products.
Nonforest land.—Land that has never supported forests, and land formerly forested where use for timber management is precluded by development for other uses. (Note: Includes areas used for crops, improved pasture, residential areas, city parks, improved roads of any width and adjoining clearings, power- line clearings of any width, and 1- to 40-acre areas of water classified by the Bureau of the Census as land. If intermingled in forest areas, unimproved roads and nonforest strips must be more than 120 feet wide and more than 1 acre in area to qualify as nonforest land.)
a. Nonforest land without trees.—Non- forest land with no live trees present.
b. Nonforest land with trees.—Nonforest land with one or more trees per acre at least 5 inches d.b.h.
17
Nonstocked land.—Forest land less than 16.7 percent stocked with all live trees.
Other forest land.—Forest land not capable of producing 20 cubic feet per acre per year of industrial wood crops under natural condi- tions and not associated with urban or rural development. These sites often contain tree species that are not currently utilized for industrial wood production or trees of poor form, small size, or inferior quality that are unfit for industrial products. Unproductivity may be the result of adverse site conditions such as sterile soil, dry climate, poor drain- age, high elevation, and rockiness. This land is not withdrawn from timber utilization.
Pasture.—Land presently used for grazing or under cultivation to develop grazing.
Pastured timberland.—Timberland for which the primary use is wood production, but is presently used for grazing.
Physiographic class.—A measure of soil and water conditions that affect tree growth ona site. The physiographic classes are:
Xeric sites.—Very dry soils where exces- sive drainage seriously limits both growth and species occurrence. Example: cedar barrens.
Xeromesic sites.—Moderately dry soils where excessive drainage limits growth and species occurrence to some extent. Example: dry oak ridge.
Mesic sites.—Deep, well-drained soils. Growth and species occurrence are limited only by climate.
Hydromesic sites.—Moderately wet soils where insufficient drainage or infrequent flooding limits growth and species occurrence to some extent. Example: better drained bottomland hardwood sites.
Hydric sites.—Very wet sites where excess water seriously limits both growth and spe- cies occurrence. Example: frequently flooded river bottoms and cypress swamps.
Poletimber stand.—(See Stand-size class.)
18
Poletimber tree.—A growing-stock tree of com- mercial species at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. but smaller than sawtimber size.
Reserved forest land.—Forest land withdrawn from timber utilization through statute, ad- ministrative regulation, designation, or exclusive use for Christmas tree production, as indicated by annual shearing.
Rotten tree.—A tree that does not meet regional merchantability standards because of exces- sive unsound cull. May include noncommer- cial tree species.
Rough tree.—A tree that does not meet regional merchantability standards because of exces- sive sound cull. May include noncommercial tree species.
Salvable dead tree. —A standing or down dead tree considered merchantable by regional standards.
Sapling.—A live tree 1.0 to 5.0 inches d.b.h. Sapling-seedling stand.—(See Stand-size class.)
Saw log.—A log meeting minimum standards of diameter, length, and defect, including logs at least 8 feet long, sound and straight and with a minimum diameter outside bark (d.o.b.) for softwoods of 7.0 inches (9.0 inches for hard- woods) or other combinations of size and defect specified by regional standards.
Saw-log portion.—That part of the bole of sawtimber trees between the stump and the saw-log top.
Saw-log top.—The point on the bole of sawtimber trees above which a saw log cannot be pro- duced. The minimum saw-log top is 7.0 inches d.o.b. for softwoods and 9.0 inches d.o.b. for hardwoods.
Sawtimber stand.—(See Stand-size class.)
Sawtimber tree.—A growing-stock tree of com- mercial species containing at least a 12-foot saw log or two noncontiguous saw logs 8 feet or longer, and meeting regional specifications for freedom from defect. Softwoods must be at least 9.0 inches d.b.h. Hardwoods must be at least 11.0 inches d.b.h.
Sawtimber volume.—Net volume of the saw-log portion of live sawtimber in board feet, Inter- national 1/4-inch rule (unless specified otherwise) from stump to a minimum 7.0 inches top d.o.b. for softwoods and a mini- mum 9.0 inches top d.o.b. for hardwoods.
Seedling.—A live tree less than 1.0 inch d.b.h. that is expected to survive. Only softwood ’ seedlings more than 6 inches tall and hard- wood seedlings more than 1 foot tall are counted.
Short-log (rough tree).—Sawtimber-size trees of commercial species that contain at least one merchantable 8- to 11-foot saw log but not a 12-foot saw log.
Site class.—A classification of forest lands in terms of inherent capacity to grow crops of industrial wood. The class identifies the po- tential growth in merchantable cubic feet / acre/year at culmination of mean annual increment of fully stocked natural stands.
Site index.—An expression of forest site quality based on the height of a free-growing domi- nant or codominant tree of a representative species in the forest type at age 50.
Soft hardwoods.—Hardwood species with an av- erage specific gravity less than 0.50 such as gum, yellow-poplar, cottonwood, red maple, basswood, and willow.
Softwoods.—Coniferous trees, usually evergreen, having needles or scale-like leaves.
Stand.—A group of trees on a minimum of 1 acre of forest land that is stocked by forest trees of any size.
Stand-age class.—Age of the main stand. Main stand refers to trees of the dominant forest type and stand-size class.
Stand-size class.—A classification of stocked (see Stocking) forest land based on the size class of live trees on the area; that is, sawtim- ber, poletimber, or seedlings and saplings.
Sawtimber stands.—Stands with half or more of live stocking in sawtimber or poletim- ber trees, and with sawtimber stocking at least equal to poletimber stocking.
Poletimber stands.—Stands with half or more live stocking in poletimber and/or sawtimber trees, and with poletimber stock- ing exceeding that of sawtimber.
Sapling-seedling stands.—Stands with more than half of the live stocking in saplings and/or seedlings.
State land.—Land owned by States or leased to them for 50 years or more.
Stocking.—The degree of occupancy of land by trees, measured by basal area and/or the number of trees in a stand by size or age and spacing, compared to the basal area and/or number of trees required to fully utilize the growth potential of the land; that is, the stocking standard.
A stocking percent of 100 indicates full utilization of the site and is equivalent to 80 square feet of basal area per acre in trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger. In a stand of trees less than 5.0 inches d.b.h., a stocking per- cent of 100 would indicate that the present number of trees is sufficient to produce 80 square feet of basal area per acre when the trees reach 5.0 inches d.b.h.
Stands are grouped into the following stocking classes:
Overstocked stands.—Stands in which stocking of live trees is 133 percent or more.
Fully stocked stands.—Stands in which stocking of trees is from 100.0 to 132.9 per- cent.
Medium stocked stands.—Stands in which stocking of trees is from 60.0 to 99.9 percent.
19
Poorly stocked stands.—Stands in which stocking of trees is from 16.7 to 59.9 percent. Nonstocked areas.—Commercial forest land on which stocking of trees is less than
16.7 percent.
Timberland.—Forest land that is producing or capable of producing in excess of 20 cubic feet per acre per year of industrial wood crops under natural conditions, that is not with- drawn from timber utilization, and that is not associated with urban or rural development. Currently inaccessible and inoperable areas are included.
Tree.—A woody plant usually having one or more perennial stems, a more or less definitely formed crown of foliage, and a height of at least 12 feet at maturity.
Tree size class.—A classification of trees based on diameter at breast height, including sawtimber trees, poletimber trees, saplings, and seedlings.
Upper stem portion.—That part of the bole of sawtimber trees above the saw-log top toa minimum top diameter of 4.0 inches outside bark or to the point where the central stem breaks into limbs.
Urban and other areas.—Areas within the legal boundaries of cities and towns; suburban areas developed for residential, industrial, or recreational purposes; school yards; cemeter- ies; or other nonforest land not included in any other specified land use class.
Urban forest land.—Forest land closely associ- ated with or in such proximity to urban nonforest land uses that is not likely to be managed for the production of industrial wood products on a continuing basis. Wood removed would be for land clearing, fuelwood, or aesthetic purposes. Such forest land may be associated with industrial, commercial, residential, or recreational nonforest uses. Residential subdivisions, industrial parks, golf course perimeters, airport buffer strips, and public urban parks that qualify as forest land are included.
20
Water.—Water Areas. Areas within a land mass persistently covered by water.
(a) Bureau of the Census.—Permanent inland water surfaces, such as lakes, reser- voirs, and ponds at least 40 acres in area; and streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals at least one-eighth of a statute mile wide.
(b) Noncensus.—Permanent inland water surfaces, such as lakes, reservoirs, and ponds from 1 to 39.9 acres in area; and streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals from 120 feet to one-eighth of a statute mile wide.
Windbreak.—A group of trees whose primary use is to protect buildings currently in use.
Wooded pasture.—Improved pasture with more -than 16.7 percent stocking in live trees but less than 25 percent stocking in growing- stock trees. Area is currently improved for grazing or there is other evidence of grazing.
Wooded strip.—An acre or more of natural con- tinuous forest land that would otherwise meet survey standards for timberland except that it is less than 120 feet wide.
TABLES
Table 1.—Area of land by county and major land- use class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 2.—Area of timberland by county and own- ership class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 3.—Area of timberland by county and forest type, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 4.—Area of timberland by county and stand-size class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 5.—Area of timberland by county and site class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 6.—Area of timberland by county and stocking class of growing-stock trees, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 7.—Area of timberland by ownership class and stocking class of growing-stock trees, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 8.—Area of timberland by forest type and ownership class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 9.—Area of timberland by forest type and stand-size class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 10.—Number of all live trees on timberland by species group and diameter class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 11.—Number of growing-stock trees on timberland by species group and diameter class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 12.—Net volume of timber on timberland by class of timber and species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 13.—Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species group and diameter class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 14.—Net volume of growing stock in the saw-log portion of sawtimber trees on timberland by species group and diameter class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 15.—Net volume of sawtimber trees on tim- berland by species group and diameter class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 16.—Net volume of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland by county and species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 17.—Net volume of live trees and growing stock on timberland by ownership class and species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 18.—Net volume of sawtimber trees on tim- berland by species group and buit log grade, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 19.—Net annual growth of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland by county and species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1988
Table 20.—Average annual timber removals of growing stock and sawtimber on tim- berland by county and species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1972-1988
Table 21.—Net annual growth (1988) and average annual removals (1972-1988) of growing stock and sawtimber on tim- berland by species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri
Table 22.—Net annual growth (1988) and average annual removals (1972-1988) of growing stock on timberland by own- ership class and species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri
Table 23.—Net annual growth (1988) and average annual removals of sawtimber (1972- 1988) on timberland by ownership class and species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri
Table 24.—Annual mortality of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland by species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1988
SUPPLEMENTAL TABLES
Table 25.—Area of nonforest land with trees by county and land use class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 26.—Net volume of short-log trees on tim- berland by species group and diameter class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989 (In thousand cubic feet)
Table 27.—Net volume of short-log trees on tim- berland by species group and diameter class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989 (In thousand board feet)
Table 28.—Net volume of growing stock on tim- berland by species group and forest type, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Table 29.—Net volume of sawtimber on timber- land by species group and forest type, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
a
Table 1.--Area of land by county and major land-use class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
(In thousand acres)
Forest land Nonforest land All Timberland Other Reserved Nonforest with trees, as Land forest Timber- as apercent. forest forest land a percent of County area land land of land area land land with trees land area Adair 362.8 70.3 68.5 18.9 -- 1.8 12.1 Sto Andrew 278.7 17.4 17.4 6.2 -- -- 29.4 10.5 Atchison 346.8 16.6 16.6 4.8 - Se os Audrain 446.3 34.3 34.3 Uotl -- -- 10.1 2.3 Barton 381.7 39.2 38.7 10.1 -- 0.5 8.7 253 Bates 543.7 60.0 60.0 AO - -- PA ci 4.0 Buchanan 261.9 26.7 26.7 10.2 13.6 5.2 Caldwell 275.5 20.1 20.1 US 12.0 4.4 Carroll 445.1 40.9 40.9 9.2 -- 8.7 2.0 Cass 448.9 51.3 51.3 11.4 -- -- 29.6 6.6 Chariton 485.1 53.1 Sila 10.5 - 2.0 9.5 2.0 Clark 324.5 70.9 70.9 21.8 -- -- 8.7 Poi/ Clay 258.2 23.1 22.1 8.6 - 1.0 7.8 3.0 Clinton 270.7 12.6 11.0 4.1 1.6 8.9 3.3 Cooper 362.6 53.2 53.2 14.7 - -- 39.3 10.8 Dade 313.9 40.2 40.2 12.8 - - 19.1 6.1 Daviess 363.4 41.4 41.4 11.4 : Ex) 1.4 De Kalb 271.8 11.4 11.4 4.2 -- 10.8 4.0 Gentry 315.5 30.4 30.4 9.6 - 11.0 3.5 Greene 433.6 78.9 78.9 18.2 : -- 22.5 5.2 Grundy 279.9 UZ/aré 17.2 6.1 - 0.5 Ue 2.6 Harrison 464.1 47.9 47.9 10.3 - -- 15.8 3.4 Henry 466.6 87.3 87.3 18.7 - - 21.6 4.6 Holt 292.2 27.1 Pfs 9.3 - 5.7 2.0 Jackson 391.0 38.9 38.9 9.9 20.1 5.1 Jasper 410.4 54.9 54.9 13.4 -- 6.4 1.6 Johnson 533.5 66.8 66.0 12.4 -- 0.8 43.4 8.1 Knox 324.3 40.5 39.1 12.1 1.4 -- Hol 2.2 Lafayette 404.8 28.9 28.9 Hou -- 18.8 4.6 Lawrence 392.6 58.2 58.2 14.8 - 12.2 3.1 Lewis 325.4 63.1 63.1 19.4 -- -- 8.0 2.5 Lincoln 401.6 Wlj282 106.2 26.4 - 6.0 1.4 0.3 Linn 396.5 36.4 32.7 8.2 2.8 0.9 5.0 1.3 Livingston 343.4 37.8 37.8 11.0 -- -- 7.6 2:2 Macon 509.8 80.2 80.2 WSs 22.9 4.5 Marion 280.4 49.8 49.8 17.8 5.9 2.1 Mercer 290.7 29.6 29.6 10.2 -- 0.9 0.3 Monroe 428.7 76.4 72.2 16.8 2.4 1.8 15.4 3.6 Nodaway 560.1 35.4 35.4 6.3 - Ws al Pettis 439.2 58.6 58.6 13.3 -- 34.2 7.8 Pike 430.9 116.6 112.2 26.0 4.4 10.5 2.4 Platte 269.5 45.0 45.0 16.2 -- 13.8 5.0 Putnam 333.1 59.8 59.8 18.0 17.1 5.1 Ralls 308.2 61.7 61.7 19.9 - 3.8 Pee. Randolph 305.2 45.1 45.1 14.1 - V2.7 4.0 Ray 363.8 48.5 48.5 13.1 - - 26.0 7.0 Saline 483.1 49.4 49.4 9.9 - 32.8 6.6 Schuyler 197.5 26.2 26.2 ‘Uclas} - 15.6 7.9 Scotland 280.6 30.3 30.3 10.8 12.4 4.4 Shelby 320.5 47.8 47.8 14.8 -- 4.5 1.4 Sullivan 416.9 50.4 50.4 leet -- 11.5 2.8 Vernon 53557 93.4 89.1 16.6 4.3 16.5 Sei Worth 170.4 18.6 18.6 10.9 -- 5.4 “ye All counties 19,541.3 2,532.5 2,500.3 12.6 15.3 16.9 742.5 3.8
22
Misc. Misc. All National Misc. County & Forest private private County owners forest federal State municipal industry Farmer corporation __individual Adair 68.5 -- -- -- 2.7 -- 18.2 Oe, 44.9 Andrew 17.4 -- -- -- -- -- 14.6 -- 2.8 Atchison 16.6 -- -- 1.8 -- -- ler - 2sil Audrain 34.3 -- -- 2.5 -- -- 22.6 7.8 1.4 Barton 38.7 -- -- -- -- -- 14.0 9.7 15.0 Bates 60.0 -- -- -- 1.5 -- 32.9 8.1 175 Buchanan 26.7 -- -- 3.6 -- -- 1725 5.6 Caldwell 20.1 -- -- -- -- -- 12.9 - 7.2 Carroll 40.9 -- -- 3.6 -- - 27.8 -- 9.5 Cass 51.3 -- -- 2.1 - - 13.6 12.8 22.8 Chariton 51.1 -- -- -- -- 5.9 42.6 2.6 Clark 70.9 -- 5.3 - 4.5 -- 16.9 7.5 36.7 ‘Clay 22.1 -- -- -- 4.3 - 1123 2.2 4.3 Clinton 11.0 -- -- -- -- - 8.4 -- 2.6 Cooper 53.2 -- -- 2.5 - 14.5 2.5 SiS )57/ Dade 40.2 -- 13.1 -- - 21.5 2.1 3.5 Daviess 41.4 -- -- -- 34.5 -- 6.9 De Kalb 11.4 -- -- 1.6 -- 9.8 -- Gentry 30.4 -- -- -- -- -- 21.5 -- 8.9 Greene 78.9 -- -- 3.1 3.1 27.2 12.6 32.9 Grundy Uther -- -- -- -- - 5.8 4.6 6.8 Harrison 47.9 -- -- -- -- - 34.3 ZA TRS Henry 87.3 -- 20.2 1.1 - 19.5 2.4 44.1 Holt 27.1 -- -- -- - 13.0 -- 14.1 Jackson 38.9 -- 6.0 1.3 6.0 4.6 a3 17, Jasper 54.9 - - -- -- 38.2 7.8 8.9 Johnson 66.0 - - ads 17.8 3.4 43.1 Knox 39.1 - - -- 24.4 -- 14.7 Lafayette 28.9 - - 10.9 12.6 5.4 Lawrence 58.2 -- -- -- 27.4 sv 25.1 Lewis 63.1 -- 2.9 2.9 40.1 11.8 5.4 Lincoln 106.2 -- 2.8 -- - 36.4 7.6 59.4 Linn 32.7 -- -- -- - 15.0 2.8 14.9 Livingston 37.8 -- -- -- > - 26.8 -- 11.0 Macon 80.2 -- 0.6 1.3 - - 1325 19.3 45.5 Marion 49.8 -- -- -- -- - 43.8 - 6.0 Mercer 29.6 -- -- -- -- - 24.2 -- 5.4 Monroe 72.2 -- 15.4 -- -- -- 30.8 4.6 21.4 Nodaway 35.4 -- -- -- -- - 33.7 -- Wied Pettis 58.6 -- 3.4 -- - 41.6 7.8 5.8 Pike 112.2 -- 2.2 5.7 -- - 40.8 6.6 56.9 Platte 45.0 -- -- -- 1.8 - 28.2 3.9 Wied Putnam 59.8 -- -- 8.4 -- 28.1 Thee 16.1 Ralls 61.7 - 3.5 - 30.2 2.8 25.2 Randolph 45.1 -- -- -- 18.8 7.0 19.3 Ray 48.5 -- -- -- 1.9 25.9 -- 20.7 Saline 49.4 -- 2.2 2.2 -- 32.4 2.2 10.4 Schuyler 26.2 -- a= -- 8.0 10.0 8.2 Scotland 30.3 -- -- 2.4 - 17.2 4.5 6.2 Shelby 47.8 -- -- -- 28 33.4 - 14.4 Sullivan 50.4 -- -- 2.7 -- - 31.6 10.7 5.4 Vernon 89.1 -- -- 3.2 -- - 66.7 -- 19.2 Worth 18.6 -- -- -- -- - 11.2 7.4 --
All counties
2,500.3 . =: é :
Table 2.--Area of timberland by county and ownership class, Prairic Unit, Missouri, 1989
Ownership class
(In thousand acres)
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Table 4.--Area of timberland by county and stand-size class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
(In thousand acres)
Stand-size class
All Seedling &
County stands Sawtimber — Poletimber sapling Nonstocked Adair 68.5 23.6 23.8 21.1 -- Andrew 17.4 2.2 4.0 11.2 Atchison 16.6 9.0 3.6 4.0 - Audrain 34.3 19.1 7.4 7.8 -- Barton 38.7 14.2 18.4 6.1 Bates 60.0 24.3 137 20.0 Buchanan 26.7 eZ 7.8 1.9 Caldwell 20.1 7.2 12.9 --
Carroll 40.9 29.0 10.4 eS - Cass 51.3 29.1 eu 20.1 - Chariton 51.1 32.5 16.7 1.9 -- Clark 70.9 35.0 24.9 Veo C lay 22.1 15.9 6.2 -- Clinton 11.0 SF Se 2.6 Cooper 53.2 SON7, 21.4 ili Dade 40.2 VES 20.3 10.3 2.1 Daviess 41.4 28.4 9.3 O57 De Kalb 11.4 11.4 -- -- Gentry 30.4 14.0 SES 2.9 Greene 78.9 30.8 20.6 Bites) Grundy lee 14.8 ie We Harrison 47.9 Weil 16.8 9.4 Henry 87.3 46.7 19:0 2d6 Holt 27.1 13.9 7.9 553 Jackson 38.9 12.1 14.7 12.1 Jasper 54.9 23.4 26.8 4.7 Johnson 66.0 28.1 24.6 WSS} Knox 39.1 29.4 OW -- - Lafayette 28.9 9.3 1.9 Vat Lawrence 58.2 29.7 1525 W350) Lewis 63.1 33.6 18.3 WVs2 Lincoln 106.2 64.6 30.8 10.8 - Linn 32.7 Udhads 3.8 eZ Livingston 37.8 iil Ushes 7.4 Macon 80.2 33.6 27.9 18.7 Marion 49.8 22.8 19.8 We. Mercer 29.6 24.2 1.8 3.6 - Monroe UVPAC 36.4 28.4 7.4 - Nodaway 35.4 32.3 -- Srl -- Pettis 58.6 32.6 a6 Vee O52 Pike 112.2 61.8 26.6 23.8 -- Platte 45.0 25.0 15.4 4.6 Putnam 59.8 18.1 16.6 25eil Ralls Gil 44.1 Wik? 5.9 Randolph 45.1 Nes) 18.6 5.0 Ray 48.5 16.2 28.7 3.6 Saline 49.4 29.3 9.1 115) Schuyler 26.2 Ufo W© ne Scotland 30.3 9.1 9.4 W251 Shelby 47.8 24.0 18.6 SZ Sullivan 50.4 24.3 20.6 eS Vernon 89.1 48.6 Dune Whos} Worth 18.6 16.8 1.8 -- All counties 2,500.3 1,274.0 753.9 467.1 56}
Table 5.--Area of timberland by county and site class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
(In thousand acres)
All Site class (cubic feet of growth per acre per year)
County classes 165+ 120-164 85-119 50-84 20-49 Adair 68.5 -- -- 8.1 33.9 26.5 Andrew 17.4 -- 4.0 0.3 8.7 4.4 Atchison 16.6 -- -- 1.8 1.2. 7.6 Audrain 34.3 -- 1.4 9.4 8.8 15.0 Barton 38.7 -- -- 5:2 yf 16.1 Bates 60.0 -- -- Hels 8.6 43.7 Buchanan 26.7 -- -- 3.6 14.0 9.1 Caldwell 20.1 -- 3.6 -- 3.6 12.9 Carroll 40.9 -- -- 10.8 21.4 8.7 Cass SRS -- -- 5.4 18.0 27.9 ‘Chariton Salat 2.0 -- athe! 16.2 Paes) Clark 70.9 -- -- Syl Ouest 38.6 Clay 22.1 -- -- -- 15.9 6.2 Clinton tO -- -- -- 2.6 8.4 Cooper 53.2 -- -- 2.5 S57 15.0 Dade 40.2 -- -- 4.0 1525 20.7 Daviess 41.4 -- -- ast) 28.9 AS De Kalb 11.4 -- -- 6.6 4.8 -- Gentry 30.4 -- -- -- 20 3.4 Greene 78.9 -- -- 1.8 52.8 24.3 Grundy Wee. -- 3.4 3.4 Se 6.8 Harrison 47.9 -- -- 8.4 2525 14.0 Henry 87.3 -- -- a es 43.1 Pre Holt Qi -- -- -- 10.0 Weal Jackson 38.9 Pia) 385 4.8 19.3 8.8 Jasper 54.9 -- -- abe 44.6 9.2 Johnson 66.0 -- -- 5.4 29.0 31.9 Knox 39.4 -- -- 2.9 33.3 2.9 Lafayette 28.9 -- -- 12.6 14.4 1.9 Lawrence 58.2 -- -- -- PRES) SA: Lewis 63.1 -- 2.9 5.4 33.6 22 Lincoln 106.2 -- ; -- 5.6 44.2 56.4 Linn CAT -- One 4.9 20.9 4.6 Livingston 37.8 -- -- 4.3 18.9 14.6 Macon 80.2 2.6 2.6 19.7 45.0 ORS Marion 49.8 -- 4.3 2:5 23.1 19.9 Mercer 29.6 -- -- Ue 18.8 3.6 Monroe Wore 1.6 3.8 3.6 30.8 32.4 Nodaway 35.4 -- -- 10.4 12.3 WRT. Pettis 58.6 -- -- 3.4 14.8 40.4 Pike TA2R2. -- 6.6 4.4 50.4 50.8 Platte 45.0 -- -- 9.2 10.0 25.8 Putnam 59.8 -- 1.8 -- 24.7 33.3 Ralls 61.7 3.5 -- 6.8 3523 Nea Randolph 45.1 -- -- 35 oon BES Ray 48.5 -- ee? DEP. eal DUS Saline 49.4 215 -- 10.4 24.1 524 Schuyler 26.2 -- 7.9 11.4 6.9 Scotland 30.3 -- -- 9.5 Se F7/ Shelby 47.8 -- 2.0 52 2720 13.6 Sullivan 50.4 -- -- -- 20.8 29.6 Vernon 89.1 1.6 1.6 13.6 24.0 48.3 Worth 18.6 -- -- -- 9.0 9.6
All counties 2,500.3 16.3 45.5 279.5 Vat ZS.) 983.1
Table 6.--Area of timberland by county and stocking class of growing-stock trees}, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
(In thousand acres)
Stocking percent of growing-stock trees
All Non- Poorly Moderately Fully Over-
County classes stocked stocked stocked stocked stocked Adair 68.5 -- 25.8 29.2 VAS -- Andrew 17.4 0.3 et 4.0 -- -- Atchison 16.6 -- 10.8 5.8 -- -- Audrain 34.3 -- Uo 8.9 8.3 Barton 38.7 10.0 19.7 9.0 -- -- Bates 60.0 125 40.2 18.3 -- -- Buchanan 26.7 es} 19.8 4.6 0.5 -- Caldwell 20.1 -- 12.9 U2 -- -- Carroll 40.9 -- 26.6 14.3 -- Cass Slee -- 25.6 25g -- -- Chariton 51.1 -- 12.9 28.3 9.9 -- Clark 70.9 4.5 36.4 19.6 10.4 - Clay 22RiI -- 15.6 6.5 -- - Clinton 11.0 2.6 4.2 4.2 -- -- Cooper 53.2 Se Pfeil 23.0 aS) - Dade 40.2 al WAee2 22.5 4.4 -- Daviess 41.4 -- 13.6 WGe2 dale - De Kalb 11.4 -- 3.2 1.6 6.6 - Gentry 30.4 -- 5e2 12n3 -- 2.9 Greene 78.9 -- Baileys, 50.0 cP - Grundy Wee oe 8.0 8.0 We -- Harrison 47.9 -- 16.1 21.0 8.6 One. Henry 87.3 -- 48.7 Sal -- RS Holt 27.1 -- 19.8 eo -- -- Jackson 38.9 -- 22.0 283 4.6 -- Jasper 54.9 -- 40.2 10.0 4.7 -- Johnson 66.0 Usd 30.9 28.4 3.5 Wei Knox 39.1 -- 24.5 14.6 -- -- Lafayette 28.9 -- 12.3 16.6 -- -- Lawrence 58.2 -- 20.9 29.7 e6 - Lewis 63.1 -- 1255 41.9 5.8 2.9 Lincoln 106.2 W4ae5 32.5 41.2 18.0 Linn 32.7 3.0 Udo IZ -- Livingston 37.8 -- 16.0 20.4 1.4 Macon 80.2 S,5 19.0 55a 2.6 Marion 49.8 -- 13.4 30.4 6.0 - Mercer 29.6 -- 1.8 26.0 1.8 Monroe 72.2 1.6 33.8 Cee: 9.6 Nodaway 35.4 == 28.5 6.9 == Pettis 58.6 Sk 31.6 23.8 -- - Pike W2E2 -- 40.1 5525 16.6 Platte 45.0 2.9 30.4 Wied -- Putnam 59.8 Oeil 15.0 337, 9.0 Ralls Gillie -- 29.9 28.3 3.5 Randolph 45.1 -- Wise 33.4 -- -- Ray 48.5 -- 36.9 9.9 Wa7/ Saline 49.4 23.2 26.2 -- -- Schuyler 26.2 -- 7.6 16.2 2.4 - Scotland 30.3 2.4 19.2 8.7 -- Shelby 47.8 -- 14.8 30.4 2.6 - Sullivan 50.4 -- Paes) Zale, UK Vernon 89.1 2.7 52.8 30.9 27 Worth 18.6 7.4 3.4 7.8
All counties 2,500.3 67.6 1,129.4 1,096.1 194.3 12.9
1 This table is based on the stocking percent of growing-stock trees rather than that of all live trees. To use the definitions of stocking for this table, replace the term “all live” by "growing-stock".
Table 7.--Area of timberland by ownership class and stocking class of growing-stock trees!, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
(In thousand acres)
Stocking percent of growing-stock trees
All Non- Poorly Moderately Fully Over- Ownership class classes stocked stocked stocked stocked stocked National forest -- -- -- -- -- -- Miscellaneous federal 77.6 -- 38.5 3514 Seif State 53.7 4.5 2163 16.0 5.9 County and municipal 25.8 -- S25 6.8 3.5 - Forest Industry S5 a3 a ere - -- Farmer 1,232.0 26.8 6115.7 501.7 80.3 Te Miscellaneous private corporation DTT. 16.9 100.5 136.6 18.7 = Miscellaneous private individual 838.5 19.4 331.9 399.6 82.2 5.4 All owners 2,500.3 67.6 1,129.4 1,096.1 194.3 12.9
1 This table is based on the stocking percent of growing-stock trees rather than that of all live trees. To use the definitions of stocking for this table, replace the term "all live" by "growing-stock".
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30
Table 9.--Area of timberland by forest type and stand-size class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
(In thousand acres)
Stand-size class
All Seedling &
Forest type stands Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling Nonstocked Shortleaf pine -- -- -- -- - Eastern redcedar 13.6 -- Sr 8.3 - E. redcedar-hardwood 20.4 327 355 ee -- Shortleaf pine-oak -- -- -- -- - Post-blackjack oak 2NOx2 45.5 U1BE2 46.5 -- Black-scarlet oak 687.1 343.0 202.1 142.0 -- White oak 584.9 B35: 184.9 64.9 -- Oak-gum-cypress 81.2 65.2 1620 -- -- Elm-ash-soft maple 348.4 228.3 80.0 40.1 -- Cottonwood 20.8 20.8 -- -- -- Maple-beech 528.4 232.4 143.9 152i -- Nonstocked 5.3 -- -- -- 553
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Table 12.--Net volume of timber on timberland by class of timber and species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
(In thousand cubic feet)
Species group
All Other Soft Hard Class of timber species Pine softwoods hardwoods hardwoods Live trees Growing-stock trees Sawtimber Saw-log portion 883,869 -- 3,094 2 R225 623,550 Upper stem portion 144,559 -- 412 2S 114,372 Total 1,028,428 me 3,506 —«-287,000 737,922 Poletimber 564,765 -- 5,102 107,656 452,007 All growing-stock trees 1,593,193 -- 8,608 394,656 1,189,929 Cull trees Short-log trees 199,845 -- 101 44,208 155.536 Rough trees Sawtimber 391,460 -- 1,341 87,195 302,924 Poletimber 368,612 one W227, 97,147 270,238 Total 760,072 -- 2,568 184,342 573,162 Rotten trees Sawtimber 107,500 -- 334 34,664 72,502 Poletimber 18,438 -- 24 4,248 14,166 Total 125,938 -- 358 38,912 86,668 All cull trees 1,085,855 -- 3.02%, 267,462 815,366 All live trees 2,679,048 -- 11,635 662,118 2,005,925 Salvable dead trees Sawtimber 8,359 -- -- 2,446 5,913 Poltetimber 4,016 -- -- 679 SIOC Total VESTS -- -- Sie) 9,250 All classes of timber 2,691,423 -- 11,635 665,243 2,014,545
34
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35
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37
Table 16.--Net volume of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland by county and species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
Growing-stock Sawtimber Species group Species grou All Other Soft Hard f All Other Soft Hard County species Pine softwoods hardwoods hardwoods species Pine softwoods hardwoods hardwoods -~----------------- Thousand cubic feet - - - - --------------- ---------------- Thousand board feet '- - --------------- Adair 41,415 -- -- 6,920 34,495 88,692 -- -- 21,060 67,632 Andrew 2,781 -- -- 1,461 1,320 9,029 -- -- 6,506 2,523 Atchison 6,825 -- -- 1,992 4,833 20,947 -- -- 3,779 17,168 Audrain 31,099 -- -- 7,359 23,740 88,787 -- -- 25,799 62,988 Barton 16,558 -- 244 2,964 13,350 48,834 -- -- 10,967 37,867 Bates 20,988 -- -- 6,413 14,575 70,757 -- -- 21,515 49,242 Buchanan 14,189 -- -- 6,150 8,039 48,408 -- -- 23,403 25,005 Caldwell 12,830 -- -- 7,150 5,680 36,159 -- -- 29,371 6,788 Carroll 21,646 -- 189 10,887 10,570 58,495 -- -- 20,241 38,254 Cass 30,073 -- -- 7,658 22,415 106,480 -- -- 28,161 78,319 Chariton 47,071 -- -- 13,546 33,525 158,011 — -- 36,021 121,990 Clark 40,200 -- 695 2,410 37,095 119,248 -- 1,513 5,888 111,847 C lay 16,407 -- -- 6,714 9,693 57,519 -- -- 24,814 32,705 Clinton 5,596 -- -- 1,614 3,982 18,869 -- -- 5,356 13,513 Cooper 42,252 -- 799 10,470 30,983 121,207 -- 2,914 35,800 82,493 Dade 19,105 -- 446 3,555 15,104 42,137 -- 663 9,830 31,644 Daviess 37,183 -- -- 13,005 24,178 121,690 -- -- 53,049 68,641 De Kalb 13,291 -- -- 3,925 9,366 38,603 -- -- 12,929 25,674 Gentry 18,056 -- 71 1,193 16,792 26,747 -- -- 3,726 23,021 Greene 43,575 -- 712 2,856 40,007 127,379 -- 948 7,914 118,517 Grundy 11,480 -- -- 3,170 8,310 34,474 -- -- 7,261 27,213 Harrison 34,759 -- -- 10,860 23,899 101,772 -- -- 38,557 63,215 Henry 40,136 -- 314 13,547 26,275 122,054 -- 910 38,076 83,068 Holt 9,501 -- -- 3,661 5,840 33,010 -- -- 14,609 18,401 Jackson 17,392 -- -- 7,724 9,668 48,664 -- -- 25,061 23,603 Jasper 25,566 -- -- 4,795 20,771 79,198 -- -- 8,177 71,021 Johnson 38,572 -- -- 6,813 31,759 110,836 -- -- 20,808 90,028 Knox 25,393 -- 568 8,852 15,973 83,202 -- 941 ea Si/ 50,124 Lafayette 11,396 -- -- 3,918 7,478 34,586 -- -- 16,964 17,622 Lawrence 41,387 -- 279 1,337 39,771 125,544 -- -- 4,953 120,591 Lewis 58,311 -- 732 4,106 53,473 171,287 -- 2,824 7,868 160,595 Lincoln 87,593 -- 320 13,818 73,455 301,548 -- 919 59,541 241,088 Linn 14,423 -- -- 4,618 9,805 41,036 -- -- 13,420 27,616 Livingston 19,561 -- 152 5,928 13,481 58,294 -- -- 19,069 39,225 Macon 66,804 -- -- 30,257 36,547 214,226 -- -- 110,220 104,006 Marion 49,403 -- -- 16,378 33,025 150,800 -- -- 68,122 82,678 Mercer 31,344 -- -- 12,233 19,111 127,068 -- -- 53,645 73,423 Monroe 44,595 -- -- AOWDS 37,580 127,662 -- -- 18,795 108,867 Nodaway 24,275 -- 211 12,842 11,222 75,838 -- -- 42,691 33,147 Pettis 34,302 -- 348 6,031 27,923 107,964 -- -- 17,120 90,844 Pike 82,136 -- 363 13,875 67,898 255,293 -- WO 49 624 204,942 Platte 22,695 -- -- 7,366 15,329 60,266 -- -- 22,528 37,738 Putnam 29,582 -- -- 2,092 27,490 87,909 -- -- 5,134 82,775 Ralls 46,303 -- 1,057 12,806 32,440 170,024 -- 5,030 43,917 121,077 Randolph 31,840 -- -- 3,393 28,447 84,897 -- -- 11,077 73,820 Ray 23,767 -- -- 13,262 10,505 56,830 -- -- 39,096 17,734 Saline 27,803 -- 285 8,552 18,966 79,968 -- -- 26,800 53,168 Schuyler 11,146 -- -- 1,366 9,780 33,648 -- -- 3,008 30,640 Scotland 14,210 -- -- 4,372 9,838 44,452 -- -- 14,952 29,500 Shelby 42,751 -- 93 9,062 33,596 141,182 -- 500 30,010 110,672 Sullivan . 39,152 -- -- 9,739 29,413 118,244 -- -- SoMa 84,509 Vernon 47,854 -- 730 12,075 35,049 153,357 -- -- Ora, 117,810 Worth 6,621 -- -- 551 6,070 26,296 -- -- -- 26,296
All counties
1,593,193 --
! International 1/4-inch rule.
38
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39
Table 18.--Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by species group and butt log grade, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
(In thousand board feet)!
All Butt log grade Species group grades 1 2 3 Tie and timber Softwoods Shortleaf pine -- -- -- Other yellow pines -- -- -- Baldcypress -- -- -- -- Eastern redcedar 17,889 -- -- 17,889 Other softwoods -- -- - -- Total 17,889 -- -- 17,889 Hardwoods Select white oak IPAZ23 DS 37,969 242,469 478,916 464,399 Other white oak 154,528 -- 6,815 26,970 120,743 Select red oak 340,285 20,026 45,797 114,921 159,541 Other red oak 866,858 8,757 47,626 191,159 619,316 Select hickory 348,877 11,154 33,931 104,396 199,396 Other hickory 110,823 -- 16,991 34,589 59,243 Basswood 49,066 -- 27,626 9,139 12,301 Beech -- -- -- -- -- Hard maple 25,653 -- -- 15,945 9,708 Soft maple 296,761 6,994 85,478 125,385 78,904 Elm 94,182 -- 11,795 33,324 49,063 Ash 125,021 -- 27,678 55,309 42,034 Sycamore 236,458 63,027 65,062 64,977 43,392 Cottonwood 472,032 14,189 83,411 254,145 120,287 Willow 24,323 4,111 7,290 TENS 5,760 Hackberry 130,401 -- 16,159 46,190 68,052 Aspen -- -- -- -- -- Birch 48,123 -- 7,035 7,867 33,221 Sweetgum -- -- -- -- -- Tupelo -- - -- -- Black cherry 13,304 -- -- 3,831 9,473 Black walnut 185,130 4,845 30,675 66,568 83,042 Butternut 2,124 -- -- 2,124 -- Yellow-poplar -- -- -- -- -- Persimmon -- -- - -- -- Sassafras 565 -- -- -- 565 Other hardwoods 103,271 -- 12,134 -- JU AUS Total 4,851,538 171,072 767,972 1,642,917 2,269,577 All species 4,869,427 171,072 767,972 1,660,806 2,269,577
1 International 1/4-inch nule.
2 Includes 1,44] thousand board feet of volume from sawtimber-sized, Grade 5 eastern redcedar trees graded for
special use. (See Log Grades for Eastern Redcedar in the Appendix.)
Table 19.--Net annual growth of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland by county and species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1988
Growing-stock Sawtimber Species group Species grou ‘ All Other Soft Hard All Other Soft Hard County species Pine softwoods hardwoods hardwoods species Pine softwoods hardwoods _hardwoods sapsusccassseacsSS Thousand cubic feet - - - - --------------- ---------------- Thousand board feet |----------------- Adair 1,317 -- -- 329 988 3,875 -- -- 770 3,105 Andrew 83 -- -- 38 45 218 -- -- 169 49 Atchison 218 -- -- Wai 97 726 -- += 519 207 Audrain 658 -- -- 157 501 2,792 -- -- 815 1,977 Barton 325 -- ail oS. 221 1,068 -- -- 312 756 Bates 414 -- 14 224 176 732 -- -- 169 563 Buchanan 500 -- -- 283 Pare 1,924 -- -- 858 1,066 Caldwell 161 -- -- 5 156 246 -- -- -288 534 Carroll 764 -- 8 364 392 1,021 -- == 40 981 Cass 552 -- -- 118 434 402 -- -- -127 529 Chariton 1,468 -- -- 743 725 4,214 -- -- 1,264 2,950 Clark 899 -- 48 6 845 4,711 -- 25 -84 4,770 C lay 337 -- -- 159 178 655 -- -- 185 470 Clinton 164 -- -- 52 112 796 -- -- 233 563 Cooper 1,207 -- 19 379 809 3,982 -- 35 2,282 1,665 Dade 590 -- 16 180 394 701 -- 16 218 467 Daviess 436 -- -- -61 497 1:595 -- -- -288 1,883 De Kalb 288 -- -- 108 180 2,513 -- -- 320 2,193 Gentry 524 -- 3 38 483 2,418 -- -- alia 2,307 Greene 986 -- 96 189 701 2,699 -- 29 -189 2,859 Grundy 331 -- -- 152 179 1,032 -- -- 724 308 Harrison 1,385 -- 40 634 “Ald 5,369 -- -- 2,576 2,793 Henry 1,170 -- 11 660 499 4,789 -- 13 1,937 2,839 Holt 247 -- -- 107 140 489 -- -- 173 316 Jackson 589 -- -- 152 437 1,235 -- -- 489 746 Jasper 672 -- -- 257 415 2,995 -- -- 1,731 1,264 Johnson 1,060 -- -- 324 736 2,733 -- -- 540 2,193 Knox - 166 -- -- -66 232 696 -- -- -474 1,170 Lafayette 491 -- -- 45 446 636 -- -- 228 408 Lawrence 654 -- 11 a 636 3,490 -- 567 28 2,895 Lewis 1,481 -- 10 226 1,245 5,162 -- 29 159 4,974 Lincoln 2,313 -- 7 465 1,841 9,544 -- 9 1,607 7,928 Linn 488 -- -- 202 286 746 -- -- 445 301 Livingston 731 -- if 289 435 2,353 -- -- 809 1,544 Macon 1,448 -- -- 803 645 5,764 -- -- 4,082 1,682 Marion 599 -- -- 24 575 1107 -- -- -588 1,695 Mercer 566 -- -- 217 349 1,607 -- -- 632 975 Monroe 1,095 -- -10 192 913 2,800 -- 2 806 1,992 Nodaway 408 -- 29 168 211 2,146 -- -- 261 1,885 Pettis 640 -- 12 202 426 2275 -- 251 841 1,183 Pike 1,914 -- -8 283 1,639 6,564 -- -44 1,895 4,713 Platte 454 -- -- 255 199 1152 -- -- 624 528 Putnam 910 -- -- 209 701 2,547 -- -- 338 2,209 Ralls 926 -- 23 416 487 4,640 -- 102 1,483 3,055 Randolph 865 -- -- 212 653 2,597 -- -- 578 2,019 Ray 873 -- -- 530 343 3,525 -- -- 3,332 193 Saline 964 -- 21 414 529 2,359 -- -- 489 1,870 Schuyler 456 -- -- 179 UT 1,634 -- -- 481 1,153 Scotland 359 -- -- 61 298 1,312 -- -- 209 1,103 Shelby 963 -- 2 240 721 3,309 -- 10 807 2,492 Sullivan 754 -- -- 148 606 2,067 -- -- 397 1,670 Vernon 979 -- 20 390 569 3,486 -- -- 1,262 2,224 Worth 177 -- -- 30 147 491 -- -- -- 491 All counties 39,019 -- 390 11,952 26,677 129,939 -- 1,044 36,190 92,705
1 International 1/4-inch rule.
41
Table 20.--Average annual timber removals of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland by county and species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1972-1988
Growing-stock Sawtimber Species group ; Species group All Other Soft Hard All Other Soft Hard County species Pine softwoods hardwoods _hardwoods species Pine softwoods hardwoods _hardwoods SaosecoosaSsecsess Thousand cubic feet - - - - -- --- ---------- ---------------- Jhousand board feet |-----------------
Adair 85 -- -- -- 85 365 -- -- -- 365 Andrew -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ao Atchison -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- >= Audrain 57 -- -- -- 57 205 -- -- -- 205 Barton 95 -- -- -- 95 464 -- -- -- 464 Bates -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Buchanan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Caldwell -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- sc Carroll 188 -- -- -- 188 458 ‘-- -- -- 458 Cass -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- — Chariton 221 -- -- -- 221 1,010 -- -- -- 1,010 Clark 1,411 -- -- 1,105 306 4,356 -- -- 3,309 1,047 C lay 1,597 -- -- 1,534 63 7,120 -- -- 6,805 315 Clinton -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Cooper 134 -- -- -- 134 479 -- -- -- 479 Dade 809 -- -- -- 809 2,449 -- -- -- 2,449 Daviess -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- De Kalb -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Gentry -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Greene 121 -- -- -- 121 219 -- -- -- 219 Grundy 589 -- -- 113 476 1,553 -- -- 473 1,080 Harrison 78 -- -- -- 78 375 -- -- -- 375 Henry 241 -- -- -- 241 tats? -- -- -- 1,152 Holt -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Jackson -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Jasper 656 -- -- -- 656 2,601 -- -- -- 2,601 Johnson 486 -- -- 78 408 15517 -- -- 200 lStev7/ Knox 196 -- -- 96 100 919 -- -- 439 480 Lafayette -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Lawrence 253 -- -- -- 253 1,042 -- -- -- 1,042 Lewis 355 -- -- -- 355 1,054 -- -- -- 1,054 Lincoln 376 -- -- -- 376 1,676 -- -- -- 1,676 Linn 181 -- -- -- 181 457 -- -- -- 457 Livingston 317 -- -- -- 317 1,543 -- -- -- 1,543 Macon 387 -- -- -- 387 1,709 -- -- -- 1,709 Marion 798 -- -- 76 722 2,803 -- -- 217 2,586 Mercer -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Monroe 217 -- 72 -- 145 224 -- 224 -- -- Nodaway == =~ == == oc == -- -- == -- Pettis 169 -- -- 58 Waal 572 -- -- 271 301 Pike 324 -- -- -- 324 1,453 -- -- -- 1,453 Platte -- -- -- -- =- -- -- -- -- -- Putnam -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Ralls 708 -- -- 320 388 3,442 -- -- 1,574 1,868 Randolph -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Ray 25 -- -- -- 25 -- -- -- -- -- Saline -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Schuyler -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Scotland Wale -- -- -- 113 -- -- -- -- -- Shelby 347 -- -- 162 185 U S57 -- -- 674 683 Sullivan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Vernon 641 36 Se oe 641 2,910 =< = 32 2,910 Worth Ee 23 == =e = == = = -- -- All counties VAS -- 72 3,542 8,561 45,524 -- 224 13,962 31,338
lfnternational 1/4-inch rule.
42
Table 21.--Net annual growth (1988) and average annual removals (1972-1988) of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland by species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri
Growing stock Sawtimber Species group Growth Removals Growth Removals
Thousand cubic feet Thousand board feet |
Softwoods Shortleaf pine -- -- -- -- Other yellow pines =i -- -- -- Baldcypress -- -- -- -- Eastern redcedar 390 he: 1,044 224 Other softwoods Se ae =: -- Total 390 72 1,044 224
Hardwoods Select white oak 7,223 1,934 26,430 8,575 Other white oak 1,164 1,060 4,498 3,609 Select red oak 1,970 493 10,499 2,212 Other red oak 6,316 2,629 26,280 10,268 Select hickory 3,640 840 6,188 1,724 Other hickory 1,786 196 5,486 181 Basswood 291 -- 1,718 -- Beech -- -- -- -- Hard maple 412 -- 693 -- Soft maple 2,920 1,830 10,488 6,031 Elm 3,108 355 3,530 125i Ash 1,566 585 3,613 1,662 Sycamore 1,147 423 6,637 2,051 Cottonwood 722 762 3,338 3,842 Willow 146 -- 1,047 -- Hackberry 3,445 le 8,897 787 Aspen -- -- -- -- Birch 193 229 947 862 Sweetgum -- -- z= -- Tupelo -- -- -- -- Black cherry 163 Be 504 -- Black walnut 878 . 524 3,910 2,036 Butternut 10 -- 31 -- Yellow-poplar -- -- -- -- Persimmon 113 -- -- -- Sassafras u -- 8 -- Other hardwoods 1,409 yA 4,153 209
penton Clal pees ee 8 O20 a2 OS 1c 285,895 * A955 300 2:
All species 39,019 WAS 129,939 45,524
1 International 1/4-inch rule.
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45
Table 24.--Annual mortality of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland by species group, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1988
Species group Growing stock Sawtimber
Thousand cubic feet Thousand board feet | Softwoods
Shortleaf pine -- oi Other yellow pines -- ae
Baldcypress -- -- Eastern redcedar We/ 71 Other softwoods -- : --
Total 17 lal
Hardwoods
Select white oak 931 2,897 Other white oak 434 883 Select red oak 571 2,268 Other red oak 2,881 8,874 Select hickory 1,079 3,102 Other hickory 494 765 Basswood 52 140 Beech -- -- Hard maple 47 35 Soft maple 884 2,864 Elm 2,558 5,006 Ash 453 920 Sycamore 376 1,461 Cottonwood 1,935 8,893 Willow 276 592 Hackberry 435 813 Aspen -- -- Birch 248 500 Sweetgum -- => Tupelo -- -- Black cherry 101 77 Black walnut 560 1,120 Butternut 4 WZ Yellow-poplar -- -- Persimmon 31 -- Sassafras 5 18) Other hardwoods 664 1,059
Total 15,019 42,294
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1 International 1/4-inch rule.
Table 25.--Area of nonforest land with trees by county and land use class, Prairie Unit, Missouri, 1989
(In thousand acres)
Land-use class Improved Idle Urban All Cropland pasture Wooded _ farmland Marsh and other Wind- Wooded
County classes withtrees with trees strips with trees with trees with trees breaks pasture
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1991 - 55S-628/20098 5 iL
3<U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
Ostrom, Arnold J. 1991. Timber resource of Missouri’s Prairie. Resour. Bull. NC-117. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 51 p.
In 1989 the fourth forest inventory of Missouri’s Prairie found 2.5 million acres of forest land, an increase of more than 26 per- cent since 1972.
KEY WORDS: Area, volume, growth, removals, mortality.
Our job at the North Central Forest Experiment Station is discovering and creating new knowledge and technology in the field of natural resources and conveying this information to the people who can use it. As a new generation of forests emerges in our region, managers are confronted with two unique challenges: (1) Dealing with the great diversity in composition, quality, and ownership of the forests, and (2) Reconciling the conflicting demands of the people who use them. Helping the forest manager meet these challenges
while protecting the environment is what research at North Central is all about.
NORTH CENTRAL
FOR
EXPERIMENT STATION