Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. ¥ yey TAL WB garnet “EBA : MAR 29 965 | TIMBER TREN DS GUASENT SEUIAL wEGoaDS, IN THE UNITED STATES + ee FOREST SERVICE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST RESOURCE REPORT NO. 17 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES a |/° FOREST SERVICE”, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FEBRUARY 19657 : ‘) (+S FOREST RESOURCE REPORT NO. ID, For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, =U S, Government enue Oe 5 9 GWashington/D. C., 20402 = Price $1.75 Preface This report is the latest in a series of periodic appraisals of the timber situation and outlook in the United States made by the Forest Service. The most recent of such studies prior to this “1962 Timber Appraisal’? was the Timber Re- source Review of 1952, published in final form in 1958 as “Timber Resources for America’s Fu- ture.” ! National reports on the Nation’s timber situa- tion are required from time to time to provide a basis for judging the general effectiveness of and needs for forestry programs. Forests in different regions show highly divergent trends in timber growth, inventories, and availability of wood products for industrial use. Continuing changes are evident in timber markets and _ utilization practices. And changing forestry policies and programs significantly affect the outlook for production of timber crops. The timber supply situation and market op- portunities for timber products are matters of far-reaching importance in the U.S. economy. Timber-based economic activities employ more than 3 million workers. In many parts of the country, timber industries constitute the primary economic base for income and employment. Values added attributable to timber harvesting, timber processing, manufacture of wood products, construction, and transportation and marketing of wood products in recent years have accounted for about $25 billion annually of the Nation’s gross national product. The information presented in this report has been gathered largely as part of the nationwide Forest Survey, authorized in section 9 of the McSweeney-MecNary Forest Research Act of May 22, 1928, as amended. This act authorized and directed the Secretary of Agriculture to cooperate with State and other agencies: . . In making and keeping current a comprehensive survey of the present and prospective requirements for timber and other forest products in the United States, and of timber supplies, including a determina- tion of the present and potential productivity of forest land therein, and of such other facts ‘U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Forest Resource Report No. 14, January 1958. as may be necessary in the determination of ways and means to balance the timber budget of the United States.... This report on the nationwide timber situation and outlook supplements the forest surveys of individual States that are conducted periodically by the Forest Service in cooperation with various State agencies and private cooperators. Besic Statistics presented in Appendix 1, and much of the text material on timber supplies, represents in effect an updated summary of the information on timber supplies presented periodically in such State survey reports. The first section of this report appraises recent trends in consumption of timber products in various markets, and develops projections of possible future demands for timber products. These demand projections extend to the year 2000, a long period from the standpoint of timber markets but a relatively short period for appraising most forestry programs. The element of uncer- tainty in such projections is obviously large. But forestry is of necessity a long-range undertaking and much of today’s action in forestry must neces- sarily be for a distant future. The second section presents an analysis of the Nation’s timber supply situation as of January 1, 1963. Some comparisons between 1953 and 1963 also have been included to show recent changes in forest areas, timber volumes, growth, mortality, and cut. The third section appraises prospective trends in timber supplies for the period 1963-2000 by major sections of the United States, and compares these supplies with the projected timber demands. These comparisons of timber supplies and demands provide an indication of the adequacy of the Nation’s timber resources, and by implication, the adequacy of existing forestry programs. No recommendations with regard to forestry policies and programs are included in this report. The information in timber supplies and demands presented here is intended to point up favorable and unfavorable aspects of the timber situation and outlook, and thus provide a technical basis for development of sound forestry programs by public forestry agencies, the forest industries, and other conservation groups. Ill IV PREFACE This study also has been confined to an appraisal of timber supplies and demands, as were previous reviews of the Nation’s timber situation. The use of forest lands for recreation, wildlife, watershed management, and grazing of Jivestock is fully recognized as also of major importance, but these related uses and values of forests have not been covered in this study. Future demands for such nontimber use of forests, as well as conversion of existing forest land for residence, highways, and other nontimber uses, will surely become more important in future years as a result of growing pressures on all natural resources. More effective multiple use of forest lands will thus be increasingly necessary to meet demands for timber as well as other forest goods and services. It is not feasible to list all of the many people who have contributed to this report. The general planning and conduct of this project was under the direction of H. R. Josephson, Director of Forest Economics and Marketing Research in the Forest Service. Basic statistics on forest resources and timber cut were compiled by the Forest Survey units at regional Forest Experiment Stations, with substantial cooperation from State Foresters, the forest industries, Regional Offices: of the Forest Service, and other local groups. Principal contributors to the analysis of demand for timber products included Dwight Hair, Wallace Christensen, Clark Row, David Herrick, and JoeF. ~ Christopher. Projections of future timber sup- plies were developed principally by Robert W. Larson, with substantial contributions from Joe P. | McClure, Mark Goforth, Albert R.Stage and Don- ald Gedney. Sam Guttenberg, H. 8. Sternitzke and Ben Spada assisted in the analysis of data and final drafting | Reviewers of preliminary drafts, | both in the Forest Service and in other public and © private agencies, made important contributions in — both the analysis of data and development of the | of the report. final report. The contributions of all participants in this project are gratefully acknowledged. S. Blair Hutchison, Carl Newport, | Contents LESTE) BEV SEAS cope uh lp RIT Sane ei a SE a ee Ea, Se ea iherOutlookwimubricie ss. 2 ease oe on blo cede bbeeten suc ewaed ihe Outlook for’ Timber’ Demands....2...2.-2.22224.62 sce ce eeesee basiceAssUmMpLiONG) = 208 26 222 088i ot ee ee 2 Trends in Demand for Industrial Raw Materials________________ Demand for Lumber and Panel Products in Construction_-____-___- vesiqentialeC onstruchiOn. oo. 2. 2 ee ee ot ee New Nonresidential Construction________________________- Upkeep and Improvements___________-_-_----_--_-___-_--- Mariano tGlebubness a: sis r 2. eee ol We oe Railroad Construction and Maintenance_-_________________- Mine Construction and Maintenance_____________________- Demand for Lumber and Panel Products in Manufactures__-______ Demand for Lumber and Panel Products in Shipping. __________- Miscellaneous and Residual Uses of Lumber and Panel Products -_ - Summary of Demand Projections for Lumber____________-_____- Summary of Demand Projections for Plywood and Veneer__-_-_____ Wemanaeror ulpwWOOUdr te tees soe) soe er se oho os ou Demand for Miscellaneous Timber Products_____________-_-___- Summary of Demand Projections in Terms of Roundwood_____-__- Summary of Demand Projections in Terms of Timber Cut_______- Forest Land and’ Timber Resources_........----..---------2---c.-. MOnestelonG Se. tee en ei etn oe os Se we dumber Growing Capability ......---=-2-.---ces-2se eee eubese Monestodby;pestes - hbo. es os een bebe Bk eee ee SLockingsOf Porest Wandse. 9... oe 62 e228 se eed cee eee kk DtaNdasize Olassecte ot ees Mi. Ate Ne BOR el Us imibersOuality to Nee ee Pe ee re Be intberaGTnowil 2 eee $6 eh ce et Se Wiortaliivvers =: seewe eee 1 a Be ert ee a eed INOKeStHOWNErsiip laos to ko oe Se eo Se ee eee edocs Availability of World Timber Resources____________------_----- the Outlook for: Timber Supplies__......-...-.....---..-.----22_--- projection=rrocedures 220 ee ek ee GubumoeAssumptiongs 2 22.2.2. 2 a a ee Land Use and Management Assumptions.__________-__-_-_-___- Timber Supply Outlook in Pacific Coast__......_-_------------- Timber Supply Outlook in the Rocky Mountains_______-_______- Timber Supply Outlook in the South____...._....22..-+----=-2 dimber Supply @utlook’ in the North 22 2-8-2222 22202-22225 National Supply-Demand Relationships___________________-__-- Jeg\ OY OCI TO Sloat era ar DL Sr a ee | Me be eae COLES ee er nne a PS Te aslcwouaristicce eee a ee eee, ewe ie ate IDElinitiOns steer es Le Ais Wen gn ROCCUUTCS er ee NENT eu oy SAE) we. PE es rr ee List of Text Tables Table Table 1 2 3 Population and households in the United States, 1920-2000______---- Economic growth in the United States, 1920-2000. dec scetat eos. te ee Gross national product and consump- tion of industrial raw materials, 1920-20002 eee eee Construction expenditures and con- sumption of construction materials, 1920-2000. 2. Bat oe reese Residential vacaney rates by type of vacancy, 1940-62. = 2.2. 22222 see Average annual number of dwelling units provided, by decades, 1920- 2000Ue ees os eee eee Dwelling units provided, by type of WIE, 1920-2000 se ene oe Se Lumber and panel products consumed per dwelling unit by type of unit, 1952-2000. 2c ese ete eee eee Lumber and panel products consumed in residential construction, by type of dwelling unit, 1952—2000________ Expenditures for new nonresidential construction, by construction classes, 1 O20 2000s cae ee ee Lumber and plywood and veneer con- sumed in nonresidential construc- Hon, 1 9pc-2000) =. ease oe as Expenditures for repairs, alterations, and additions of residential struc- tures, 1920-2000). 222. 2k uae ae Expenditures for repair of nonresi- dential structures, 1920-2000_ _____ Lumber consumed in upkeep and im- provements, 1962-2000___________ Plywood and veneer consumed in up- keep and improvements, 1952-2000- Farm output and construction expendi- tures, 1920-2000 Lumber and plywood and veneer con- sumed in farm structures, 1952- DOO se, eee doe een eee eee Railway mileage and crossties con- sumed, 1920-2000... 2.5225... 2-2202 Crossties consumed by railroads, 1920- AL) |, 6 Meee eee ean ee erate Lumber and plywood and veneer con- sumed in construction and repair of railroad ears, 1928-2000_______ Pir: Wood consumed in mining, by type of mine, 1905-2000 Lumber consumed in manufactured VI Page 24 25 26 yA 28 29 30 51 32 33 34 44 Indexes of value of shipments of manu- factured products, by product group, 1948-20002 eee ees Lumber use per dollar of manufac- turers’ sales, by product group, 1948- 20002... 2G eee Lumber consumed in manufactured products, by product group, 1928- 2000s 222 220 Gee 2 ee Plywood and veneer consumed in manufactured products, by product group, 1948-2000 225 2228s eee Plywood and veneer use per dollar of sales of manufactured products, by product group, 1948-2000________- Lumber consumed in shipping, 1940- Plywood and veneer consumed in ship- ping; 1948=2000.2 33 ee ee ee Summary of lumber consumption, by end use and per capita use, 1952- 2000: soe Geet ons Soe at oe Lumber consumption, net imports, and domestic production, by softwoods and hardwoods, 1920-2000_______- Summary of plywood and veneer con- sumption, by end use, species group, and per capita use, 1962-2000__ _ __ Consumption, net imports, and domes- tic production of plywood and veneer in terms of log requirements, 1935- 20002 cas oat * Bee ee Paper and board consumption, by grade, 1920-20002. 2. 2a ee Per capita consumption of paper and board, by grade, 1920-2000_______- Apparent consumption of building board, 1947-62... °).. .=. eee Consumption, net imports, and domes- tic production of paper and board, 1920-20002... 84 ae ee Fibrous materials consumed in the manufacture of paper and board, 1919-2000. 2 22022 23 Apparent consumption of wood pulp by type;.1920-2000:_. = eS aes Consumption, net imports, and domes- tie production of wood pulp, 1920- QO000% 45 es 2 «eats ee ee Pulpwood consumption, production, and net imports, 1920—2000_______- Summary of consumption, net imports, and domestic production of timber products in the United States, 1952- 2000. see Plant residues, by section, use, and type of residues, 1962252 5 === 2a Page 36 36 © 37 38 38 39 40 41 42 44 46 48 48 53 53 54 56 57 59 61 63 Table 45 Summary of domestic production, net imports, and consumption of round- wood, by product and source, 1952-— Domestic timber production, by prod- uct, section, and species group, 1962_ Domestic timber production by prod- uct and souree, 1962_.2.-....-... Timber cut from growing stock and sawtimber, by product and species group; 1952-2000... 2..2-.-2--_-- Timber cut in the United States, by Species sGO22 = oct glee Timber cut from growing stock and sawtimber, by product and species OTOUD! W002 er. ae ee Timber cut from growing stock and sawtimber, by section and species PLOUP NOOR H en sees eevee eS Land area of the United States, by type of land and section, January 1, 1963_ Changes in commercial forest land, by region, 19538 and 1963. .-..-_-..-- Commercial forest land in the United States, by productivity class and by section, January 1, 1963________ Commercial forest land in the United States, by forest type groups, Janu- ary 1, 1963 Percent of commercial forest land 70 percent or better stocked with all trees, growing stock trees, and desirablentrecs = 222 to ek Percent of commercial forest land in selected States, by area-condition class; sanuary 121963)" 2-8 Commercial forest land, by stand-size class and section, January 1, 1963__ Commercial forest land, by sawtimber volume classes and section, Janu- Mave pl Gores Speke Ne Volume of timber on commercial forest land, by class of material, January 1, HOGS macetere tee ck i Ayo Volume of growing stock and saw- timber on commercial forest land, by section and by softwoods and hard- woods, January 1, 19638___________ Proportion of growing stock and saw- timber, by sections, January 1, 1963. Change in growing stock and saw- timber inventories on commercial forest land, by section and by soft- woods and hardwoods, January 1, L953etoJanuary. 1) 1968. _._....- Volume of growing stock and saw- timber on commercial forest land, by species, January 1, 1963________ Volume of growing stock, by species and diameter classes, January 1, JEG) OS) a Se an te a es Net annual growth of growing stock and sawtimber, by softwoods and hardwoods and by section, 1962____ Page 64 67 69 70 12 73 74 76 78 80 81 384 CONTENTS Table 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 UG 78 ig 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 Relationships between net annual growth and timber cut, by species, HOGA eee new ue ee eee. Mortality of growing stock and saw- timber, by section and by softwoods and hardwoods, 1962_____________ Commercial forest land in the United States, by type of ownership and section, January 1, 1963__________- Ownership of growing stock and saw- timber on commercial forest land, by type and section, January 1, Ownership of growing stock and saw- timber, by softwoods and hardwoods, January 1, 1963.2. oe et Proportions of commercial forest area, inventories, growth, and cut in the United States, by ownership_-_____- Production of forest products in Can- ada and exports to the United States, specified years, 1930-62__________- Sawtimber cut in the United States, by sections, 1952-2000_____-._---- Growing stock cut in the United States, by sections, 1952-—2000___________- Expenditures for forest fire protection, area protected, and area burned, TOS ORG ics che ie tee te ae Timber cut, net growth, and inven- tories of sawtimber and growing stock in the Pacific coast, by owner- BNE 902 — 2000 ae er ee Distribution of timber cut on the Pacific coast, by diameter classes and by ownerships, 1962 and 2000-- Distribution of inventory volumes on the Pacific coast, by diameter classes, 1963 and 20002 22 ee eo Timber cut, allowable cut, net growth and inventory in the Rocky Moun- tains,. 1952-2000... Distribution of timber cut in the Rocky Mountains, by diameter classes, and by ownerships, 1962 and 2000_____- Timber growth, allocated cut, and inventory of saw timber and growing stock in the South, 1952-2000_____ Distribution of timber cut in the South, by diameter classes, and by soft- woods and hardwoods, 1962 and Distribution of hardwood timber inven- tories in the South, by diameter classes, 1962-2000_____._____._-_-- Timber growth, allocated cut, and inventory of sawtimber and growing stock in the North, 1952-2000_ ___- Distribution of timber cut in the North, by diameter classes and by softwoods and hardwoods, 1962 and 2000p sas noe tee ee ee Timber cut, growth, supply, and inven- tories in the United States, 1952- Page 114 116 2. EE ee a 2 TIMBER TRENDS IN Maintaining such a sizable proportion of the total raw materials used will require continuing improvements in productivity in the forest indus- tries and effective marketing of wood products. Much technological progress has been made in recent years in the forest industries, as well as in industries producing competitive products. But current expenditures for research and develop- ment, for example, are very much less in the forest industries than in competing industries. To keep pace with producers of competitive materials, and achieve potential markets for timber products improvements in technology will be needed to develop new or improved wood-based products, increase efficiency in use of wood in construction and in other markets, lower costs at all stages of timber production and utilization, and market wood products more effectively. 4. Imports of timber products are likely to increase somewhat, but most of the timber required to supply future U.S. markets is expected to come from domestic forests. Imports of lumber, newsprint, and other forest products represented about 13 percent of the total roundwood consumed in supplying U.S. markets for timber products in 1962. Imports made up about 11 percent of the total lumber, 19 percent of the pulp and paper products, and about half the hardwood veneer and plywood used. Some further increases in net imports of lumber and pulpwood products are expected, mainly from Canada which has extensive undeveloped softwood timber resources. Additional imports of hard- wood veneer and plywood from tropical forests also are considered likely. In view of the prospec- tive availability of timber resources in the United States, however, and other factors such as relative costs of wood supplies from different sources, it has been concluded that most timber products consumed in the United States will continue to come, as in the past, from domestic forests. 5. Timber supply-demand relationships in the United States have generally improved over the past decade. Growth of both softwood and hardwood timber has been steadily rising in recent years as a result of increasingly effective forestry programs. Fire protection in particular has paved the way for extensive natural restocking of lands and a wave of young timber now reaching sufficient size to be counted in timber inventories. Planting, thinning, and other cultural work has contributed in a smaller way to a continuing buildup in stocking of forest lands and a rise in timber growth. In contrast to these favorable trends in timber volume, however, the quality of available timber supplies has continued to diminish. THE UNITED STATES Cutting of industrial timber products in U.S. forests has also increased in recent years but more slowly than growth. The total cut, including fuelwood, has declined slightly. As the result of these divergent trends, growth of sawtimber in the East in 1962 exceeded the cut by a substantial margin—by 90 percent in the case of softwoods and 60 percent for hard- woods. In the West where most of the timber is still in old- growth stands, timber supplies available for harvest continued to exceed the actual cut. 6. Prospective timber growth and inventories in the U.S.—with recent levels of forest management— appear sufficient to meet projected demands for the next two or three decades, but not in later years of this century. Projections of future ‘‘supplies’’ of timber include the total volume of growth in the East plus the allowable cut on public lands in the West and the prospective cut on private lands in the West. These total “supplies” of growing stock rise from about 17 billion cubic feet in 1962 to a peak of roughly 19 billion cubic feet around 1980. In terms of sawtimber, projected ‘‘supplies’’ rise from about 67 billion board feet in 1962 to roughly 74 billion board feet in 1980. Beginning in the 1980’s_ projected timber “supplies” decline under the assumption of recent levels of forest management, in contrast to a continuing rise in the projected cut. By 1990 projected supplies of sawtimber approximately equal the projected cut. By 2000 projected supplies fall short of the projected cut by about — 16 percent, or roughly 13 billion board feet. 7. Declining quality of timber resources represents a major problem for wood-using industries. The availability of different tree species, sizes, and grades also is of large importance In appraising the Nation’s timber situation. Only part of the total volume of timber growth and inventories can be considered economically suitable raw material for the wood-using industries. In most regions the major part of the timber cut still comes from preferred species of larger diam- eters, whereas most timber growth is on smaller trees and less desirable species. Much of the remaining higher quality timber in the East, moreover, occurs in widely scattered trees and much timber in the West is still economically inaccessible. In eastern hardwood stands less than 10 percent of the total inventory volume is made up of trees more than 15 inches in diameter of species such as select white oaks, yellow birch, hard maple, ash, walnut, and yellow-poplar, for which there are well-established markets. Moreover, even in these larger trees the volume of upper grade ii ‘ | THE OUTLOOK IN BRIEF 3 material is limited. In recent years about half the hardwood plywood and veneer used in the United States has been imported, partly at least because of the diminishing availability of suitable timber in U.S. forests. Further declines in tree size and quality are to be expected if timber cut and growth follow the projections of this study and management con- tinues at recent levels. Thus the proportion of the total cut of hardwoods coming from trees larger than 15 inches in diameter is projected to drop from 52 percent in 1962 to 82 percent by 2000. In western stands similar marked declines in the proportion of the cut from larger and more valuable trees are in prospect. 8. The timber supply outlook is relatively favorable for the pulp and paper industry, but not as encouraging for the lumber and plywood in- dustries. For industries dependent primarily upon wood fiber, including particularly the pulp and paper industry, the outlook for timber supplies appears relatively favorable—even though further ad- justments to smaller timber and greater use of hardwoods appear necessary. In recent years this industry has achieved an impressive increase in use of hardwoods, from 14 percent of the total pulpwood used in 1950 to 20 percent in 1962. Use of chips from sawmill and plywood plant residues has increased even more sharply, rising from 6 percent of the total pulpwood used in 1950 to 21 percent in 1962. Further adaptations to available timber supplies appear to be tech- nically feasible in this industry. For the lumber and plywood industries, on the other hand, the timber supply situation in most regions is much less favorable. Trends in timber size and quality point to rising costs of production and increased marketing problems, unless marked improvements in technology are achieved. For these industries especially, the adequacy of raw material supplies does not depend on the total inventory of fiber, but rather on the operable supply of wood of desirable quality and sufficient size and volume to permit low-cost processing and production of salable products. 9. Projected timber demands to the year 2000 could be met with more intensive forest management and utilization. The Nation’s commercial forest lands have the capability of producing substantially more than the growth projected assuming recent levels of forest management. Thus if all the present area of commercial forest land in each region were managed as well as the better managed properties, the resulting “realizable growth’”’ would in time reach an estimated 27.5 billion cubic feet, includ- ing 100 billion board feet of sawtimber. In contrast, projected growth with recent levels of management reaches a peak of about 65 billion board feet of sawtimber. Projected demands aroun the year 2000 total about 81 billion board eet. A number of technical forestry measures could be strengthened to increase future supplies of timber in line with projected demands. (a) Timber stand improvement today appears to represent the major technical opportunity for improving the timber supply situation over the next few decades. Most forest lands now support an increasingly heavy cover of vegetation. In many areas this includes a nucleus of desirable trees that could be developed by thinning, re- moval of cull trees, or other cultural work. In recent years stand improvement work in the United States has covered about 1.7 million acres annually —a sizable area but a small fraction of all young-growth forests. (b) Planting or seeding of productive sites also offers opportunities for increasing future yields of timber, particularly in the period after 2000. Moreover, in some western forests shorten- ing of the regeneration period after logging by prompt planting of desirable species would make possible an immediate increase in the allowable cut. In recent years tree planting has covered about 1.3 million acres annually. But more than 100 million acres of commercial forest land is at present either “‘nonstocked”’ or ‘‘poorly stocked’’ with trees of acceptable quality or species. (c) Increased protection from fire, insects, disease, and other destructive agents offers addi- tional possibilities for expanding wood supplies. Mortality losses have been greatly reduced in recent decades through intensified control efforts. But mortality in 1962 still totaled nearly 20 billion board feet, or the equivalent of 35 percent of the net growth of timber. Such losses to destructive agents could be reduced by intensify- ing fire and pest control, and by increased thin- nings and other management measures to forestall mortality. (d) Closer utilization of timber in the woods and in manufacturing plants also would stretch available timber supplies. Salvage of dead timber might be raised above recent levels of around 1 billion board feet annually through expansion of prelogging operations in old-growth stands and other salvage efforts. Greater use of logging residues and material now unused at sawmills and other manufacturing plants also could augment supplies of round timber. Con- tinuing increases in efficiency in the forest indus- tries similarly would permit a larger output of products from a given supply of raw material. (e) Accelerated road construction programs, particularly in the Pacific coast and Rocky Moun- 4 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES tains, will be required before full advantage can be taken of opportunities for intensified timber utilization and management. Much of the forest land in these sections is still inaccessible for thinning and other cultural activities, and sub- stantial volumes of timber will become available for harvesting only with completion of a major road system. (f) Research and development efforts also will be of major importance—to provide the knowledge needed for more efficient management of forest resources and improved technology in the wood- using industries. 10. Forest industries depend on farm and mis- cellaneous ownerships for half of their raw material requirements. Production of timber on lands owned by farmers and miscellaneous private owners is of key im- portance in the United States, particularly in the East. These ownerships include the major part of the commercial forest land in the United States—about 60 percent of the total. They con- tain about 40 percent of the current inventory of growing stock. In recent years they have fur- nished nearly half the total cut of pulpwood, saw logs, and other timber products used by the forest industries. National forests and other public ownerships also must contribute a substantial part of an expanded cut in future decades, partly because of the uncertainty of achieving increased growth of timber on farm and miscellaneous private holdings. In addition, public forests contain well over half of the Nation’s remaining supply of sawtimber, including much of the higher quality softwoods. These public forests have furnished about 25 percent of the total timber harvest in recent years. Industrial holdings, which compose 128 percent of the commercial forest area, likewise are of major importance as a source of future timber supplies. Much timberland of high site quality is concen- trated in these ownerships, and investment capital and forest management skills are generally avail- able. Industry lands contain about 15 percent of the total growing stock volume. They have been furnishing about 26 percent of the total timber cut. Together with public forests, these properties can be expected to furnish much of the larger and higher quality timber available in the future. 11. The long-range outlook and uncertainties of projections must be considered in formulating forestry programs. This appraisal of the Nation’s timber situation indicates that supplies of timber over the next two or three decades could support a substantial expansion of markets for timber products, although trends in timber quality represent an increasingly serious problem. Furthermore, projected demands to the year 2000 at least could be met if forestry programs were _ intensified more or less in line with recent trends, if present areas of forest land remain available, and if industrial technology is further developed to permit use of the kinds of timber prospectively available. The United States might also import somewhat larger volumes of timber products than assumed in this study, although economic prospects for increased imports appear much less promising than the physical availability of foreign timber supplies. There are many uncertainties, however, in projecting timber demands and supplies over a period of several decades. Thus by the year 2000, and particularly in subsequent years, substantial areas of forest land could be lost to other uses. Such possible reductions in forest area together with increasing pressures on remaining forest lands for recreation, wildlife, and other uses in addition to timber could materially reduce available sup- plies of timber below projected levels. It is also possible that population and economic activity, and resulting demands for timber, may be higher or lower than projected in this appraisal. Increasing world demands for timber products, for example, could result in export demands on U.S. forest resources beyond those assumed in this study. Continuation of a high rate of population growth also could lead to domestic demands for raw materials in the next century much in excess of the projections of this study. Setting specific timber growth goals to achieve some ideal balance of supply and demand at future target dates thus involves many factors that must necessarily be appraised on a judgment basis. This is due in part to the many uncer- tainties involved in appraising distant markets, and in part to a lack of information on costs and responses of alternative timber growing programs. It seems evident, however, that some intensifica- tion of timber production efforts will be necessary if supplies of usable timber in the year 2000 are to reach the levels of projected demand. Much progress has been made in improving the timber supply situation throughout the United States. And considerable progress has been made in expanding markets for industrial wood products. Much still remains to be done—on the one hand to achieve potential markets for wood in an in- creasingly competitive economy, and on the other to supply the amounts and qualities of timber that forest industries can profitably use*in supplying | i tomorrow’s markets for wood products. | 2 ne Outlook for Timber Demands This section presents estimates of quantities of timber products that might be used in the United States in future years under specified assumptions relating to growth in population and economic activity and availability of raw materials. These estimates—called projected demands in this study—are compared with prospective timber supplies in the following sections. The projected demands indicate levels of con- sumption that might be expected in the future if all the stated and implicit assumptions influencing demand and supply were realized. If future con- ditions differ appreciably from these assumptions, actual use of wood products would of course be expected to differ from the projected demands. In developing these projections it has been necessary to depend in part on historical statistics. These contain within them implicit trends and relationships in such factors as prices, consumer tastes, and technological developments in indus- _ tries producing both wood products and com- peting materials. Use of such data assumes in _ some degree continuation of trends similar to those _ that have prevailed in the past. Insofar as possible, however, an attempt has _ been made to take into account new factors and changing relationships, and to adopt those assump- tions and judgments as to future trends which at this time appear most reasonable. These assump- tions and the methods employed in projecting _ different uses of wood products are indicated in some detail in following parts of this section. The projections developed in this study extend _ to the year 2000. Such a long-range evaluation f->> = ee of prospective markets for wood products is considered necessary in view of the long cycle involved in growing timber crops, and the resulting necessity of judging today’s forestry programs in the light of timber demands that may exist in a distant future. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS A primary influence on future demand for timber and other products will undoubtedly be the growth in general economic activity in the United States. Several measures of prospective growth, including population, households, gross national product, disposable personal income, and construction activity, have been used in the following analysis. Population Projected to 325 Million in 2000 Between 1920 and 1962 the population of the United States increased approximately 75 percent, rising from 107 million people to about 187 million (table 1 and fig. 1). For the purpose of this study it has been assumed that population will rise to about 825 million persons by 2000. This would represent a compound annual growth rate of 1.5 percent annually, compared with an average rate of 1.4 percent from 1910 to 1930, about 0.9 percent from 1930 to 1945, and 1.7 percent from 1945 to 1960. 5 6 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES POPULATION & ECONOMIC GROWTH | 4000 i J 2000 seat he N caerte =? oor” ree 1000 eet errs D os Gross National Product (billions of 1961 dollars) —._ eee esen \ oF -o" eee aDisppsuble Personal Income ee billions of 1961 dollars) : 2 == tr Population (millions) —m | _Leaeensen 77” oases" i osaae | sas™ == se Ri 4 ms Mt 100 : Sa ( eee sees" 60 = ae ~Households (millions) 40 a a ——" _— ce = 20 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Figure 1 TABLE 1.—Population and households in the United States, 1920-2000 Sources: POPULATION: 1920-40, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of Population Households the United States, 1960. 1950-62, “Estimates of the Popu- letion of the United States, January 1, 1950, to March 1, Year 1964.” Population Estimates, 1964 (Current Popul tion | Annual Persons Reports, Series P-25, No. 283). Projections are derived Total | rate of Number | per house- from estimates published by the U.S. Department of increase 1 hold Commerce, Bureau of the Census in ‘‘Projections of the 7 Population of the United States by Age and Sex: 1964 to 1985 with Extensions to 2010.’’ Population Estimates Million Percent Million Number July 1964, (Current Population Reports, Series P-—25, 192022222 106.5 1.4 24.4 4.36 No. 286). E9302. 2 oe 123.2 ilies: 29.9 4.12 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS: 1920-40, Bureau of 1940______ 132:1 0.7 34.9 3.79 the Census, Census of Housing, 1950, vol. I, Part 1, 1953. 1950._-__ 2 152.3 1.4 43.0 3.54 1950 and 1960, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Components of 1960______ | 180.7 Le 53.0 3.41 Inventory Change.” United States Census of Housing, 196225521 I Ko) oa (al Reread cou Sa 54.7 83.41 1960, vol. IV, Part 1-A, 1962, and from unpublished data furnished by the Bureau of the Census. 1962, ‘‘House- holds and Families, by Type: 1962.’’ Population Charac- PROJECTIONS teristics, 1962 (Current Population Reports, Series P—20, No. 119). Projections, 1970 and 1980, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, derived from projections VOMOE 2 208.0 1.4 62.5 3.33 published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau 1980! 254 241.0 | 155 713.5 3.28 of the Census, ‘‘Interim Revised Projections of the Num- 1990224) 280.0 alesis) 86.2 3.25 ber of Households and Families: 1965 to 1980.” Popula- 20005 =| 325.0 | 1.5 101.0 3.99 tion Characteristics, 1963 (Current Population Reports, | Series P—20, No. 123). 1990 and 2000, derived from popu- paren lation estimates and assumed trend in number of persons | Rates are averages for decade ending in specified year. per household. THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 1 This population projection approximates the median of a series of projections published by the U.S. Bureau of the Census in 1964.! Largely as a result of recent declines in fertility rates (fig. 2), the median of the new series of Census projections is roughly 10 percent lower than that of the preceding series prepared for the Senate Select Committee on Water Resources in 1960.’ A population of 325 million in 2000 is about 7 percent less than a “‘judgment”’ estimate of 351 million used by the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission in 1962* and is. slightly 1U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, “Projections of the Population of the United States by Age and Sex: 1964 to 1985 with Extensions to 2010.” Population Estimates, July 1964, (Current Population Reports, Series P—25, No. 286). 2 Senate Select Committee on National Water Resources, “Population Projections and Economic Assumptions.” Water Resources Activities in the United States, 1960, (86th Cong. 2d sess., Committee Print No. 5). 3 ‘Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission Staff, National Planning Association, and U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Projections to the Years 1976 and 2000: Economic Growth, Population, Labor Force, and Leisure, and Transportation, 1962, (ORRRC Study Report No. 23). 2000. The Johns Hopkins Press, 1962. lower than a ‘“‘medium”’ projection of 331 million persons adopted in a report issued in 1962 by Resources for the Future, Inc.’ It is, however, materially above the figure of 275 million adopted by the Forest Service in 1952 in the Timber Resource Review.® Numbers of households in the United States have been projected to increase from 54.7 million in 1962 to approximately 101 million in 2000 (table 1). This would involve a slight decline in average numbers of persons per household from 3.41 in 1962 to 3.22 in 2000. Gross National Product May Rise 3.5 Times by 2000 The projection of gross national product adopted in this study increases from $546 billion in 1962 to $1,920 biliion in 2000 (at 1961 prices) (table 4 Resources for the Future, Inc., Resources in America’s Future, Patterns of Requirements and Availabilities, 1960- 1017 pp. Forest Service, 5 U.S. Department of Agriculture, FERTILITY RATES 4000 3500 ‘- o = oO = (=) fap) ©. 3000 _ om a ” —— ‘s 2500 2000 1925 1940 1955 “During childbearing period of life. Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Timber Resources for America’s Future, 1958. 713 pp. (Forest Resource Report No. 14). a Wwe Series A < ane me ~~ 3 ee es ee oe os ct 4 ~—— A Series B 4 = A WaT a a a a os De ‘ 325 MM x ee EMIS C age Pn ma ama a ac sas as Ca ,,2eries D 1970 1985 2000 * Population Projection Figure 2 8 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES 2 and fig. 1).° This would represent an average annual rate of increase of about 3.4 percent com- pared with 3.9 percent between 1940 and 1960, and about 3.2 percent in the period 1920-60. This projection of gross national product was based on trends in employed labor force, average hours worked, and man-hour productivity as shown in table 2. It assumes an average unem- ployment rate of about 4 percent and an economy characterized by peace, but with a continued high level of military preparedness. An average increase in output per man-hour of about 2.4 percent annually is assumed in both the private and public sectors of the economy. This rate is slightly above that achieved by the total private economy in the 1909-60 period, and somewhat less than the average rate of 2.7 percent between 1950 and 1960. 6 This estimate of GNP for the year 2000 is 13 percent below the figure of $2,200 adopted by Resources for the Future, Ine. (see footnote 4). Projected Disposable Personal Income Also Rises 3.5 Times A component of gross national product that is considered particularly relevant in projecting demand for certain timber products such as furniture and various grades of paper and board is disposable personal income, i.e., the monetary income of private persons after payment of personal taxes. During the past several decades, disposable personal income has fluctuated narrowly around 70 percent of gross national product. Assuming this relationship continues, disposable personal income is projected from $379 billion in 1962 to $1,340 billion in 2000 (table 2 and fig. 1). In terms of per capita disposable personal income, the projection rises from $2,030 in 1962 to $4,120 in 2000. TABLE 2.—EHconomic growth in the United States, 1920-2000 Gross national product Disposable personal income Employed | Average Product Year labor work per force week man-hour Annual Per Per Total rate of capita Total capita increase ! 1961 Billions of 1961 Billions of 1961 Millions Hours dollars 1961 dollars Percent dollars 1961 dollars dollars SPA | ais se eee 2 Oe MOR ed MAND ree Oh MPa ea ate ADS Obs tetice coe ee [+ SAB I aT See eee 2 | re ee LO30e mes SS 45.7 49.1 1.638 190.3 2.9 1,545 140.6 1,141 OA 0 ee ere ee 48.1 45.1 2.10 236.8 2:2 1,793 170.2 1,288 95 Ore poe meee 61.4 41.0 2.80 366.5 4.5 2,406 256.7 1,685 19 60a 2 ee ee 69.2 39.0 3.66 511.1 3.4 2,828 355.7 1,968 L962 ares xe fea | ees a a | pe eS 5467 Oil eee 2,924 379.0 2.030 PROJECTIONS POT et ers Oe ee 82.5 37.0 4.48 710.0 3.4 3,410 500.0 2,400 NO S0s ees es Dy 94.9 34.8 5.74 990.0 3.4 4,110 690.0 2,860 1990LE erases 109.7 32.6 7.40 1,380.0 3.4 4,930 960.0 3,430 2000 ses Raa 126.4 30.5 9.56 1,920.0 3.4 5,910 1,340.0 4,120 1 Rates are averages for decade ending in specified year. Sources: EMPLOYED LABOR FORCE: 1930-62, Office of the President, Economic Report of the President, January 1964. AVERAGE WORK WEEK: 1930-60, computed from employed labor force and man-hour data. PRODUCT PER MAN-HOUR: 1930-50, derived from data published by U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Trends in Output per Man-hour in the Private Economy, 1909-1958, 1959. 1960, Office of the President, Economic Report of the President, January 1962. GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT: 1920, derived from data published by the Joint Committee on the Economic Report, Potential Economic Growth of the United States During the Next Decade, 1954. 1930-62, Office of the President, Economic Report of the President, January 1962 and 1964. DISPOSABLE PERSONAL INCOME: 1930-62, Office of the President, Economic Report of the President, January 1962 and 1964. PROJECTIONS: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, derived in part from data published by the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission Staff, National Planning Association, and U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Projections to the Years 1976 and 2000: Economic Growth, Population, Labor Force and Leisure, and Transportation, 1962 (ORRRC Study Report No. 23). THE OUTLOOK Approximately Stable Relative Prices of Timber Products Assumed In projecting demands for timber it has been assumed that future price trends for timber products between 1962 and 2000 will not differ significantly from price trends for competing materials, and that future “price induced”’ sub- stitution between competing materials and timber products consequently will be limited. Implicit in this price assumption are the further assump- tions (a) that adequate stumpage supplies will be available throughout the projection period to supply the projected demands for timber products, and (b) that technological progress in the forest industries will keep pace with that in industries producing competing materials. Factors other than prices of competing materials also will undoubtedly continue to have a signifi- cant impact on the mix of raw materials consumed in the U.S. economy. Relative costs of installa- tion and maintenance of alternative materials in housing or nonresidential construction, for exam- ple, have an influence on materials use. Factors such as changes in consumer preferences, changes in construction required by increasing urbaniza- tion, or the development of new products and new technology likewise may be expected to affect both the absolute level and the relative use of timber products and competing materials. In following sections dealing with specific uses of timber products an attempt has been made to allow for such nonprice factors, as well as materials prices, in projecting demands for lumber and other wood products. Relative prices of lumber, i.e., actual prices in relation to average prices of all commodities, were fairly stable during the period from 1920 to World War II (fig. 3). During the boom years of the 1940’s and the early 1950’s demand-supply rela- tionships for lumber and standing timber led to an accelerated rise in lumber prices, all time peaks in stumpage prices, and high levels of operating profits in the industry. By 1962, however, lumber prices had receded to a level about 15 percent below the postwar peak. In projecting demands it has been assumed that relative prices of lumber during the projection period would be within the range of prices prevailing during the 1950's. It is of course possible that relative lumber prices will in fact show further increases in the future, especially near the end of the projection period when projected timber supplies will be of smaller size and poorer quality than currently available. Substantial and continued improve- ments in productivity in the lumber industry will be necessary to achieve stability of relative prices. 744-350 O—65—2 100) price index (1957-59 FOR TIMBER DEMANDS PRICES OF TIMBER PRODUCTS (Relative To Prices Of All Commodities) 150 LViciny ns Wt j a o¥ oi Softwood Plywood! ‘ 100 ¥ ™—— Lumber 50 0 150 100 50 0 150 i Stumpage i am 68 an oO iy q 100 i & Southern Pine —m u i 50 % bol =Fi ie est Douglas-Fir ¢ 0 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 Figure 3 10 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES INDUSTRY EXPENDITURES FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 1962 Industrial Chemicals Primary Metals and Fabricated Metal Products Stone, Clay, and Glass Products Lumber, Wood Products, Furniture, and Paper and Allied Products 0 200 *Federal and State including educational, Source: Natural Science Foundation 400 600 800 millions of dollars Figure 4 Such technical progress will be difficult to achieve, however, in view of the limited research and development activities in the fragmented lumber and related wood products industries in com- parison with those of major competitors (fig. 4). Should relative lumber prices increase sig- nificantly beyond the levels assumed, it is to be expected that demand for lumber will be lower than projected—with corresponding increases in demands for other products, including wood-based materials such as plywood and pulpwood products as Well as nonwood materials. In the case of softwood plywood, relative prices have dropped substantially since the late 1940’s (fig. 8) along with the rapid expansion of the plywood industry, steady improvements in the technology of production, and the changing mix of plywood grades. It has been assumed in this analysis that future relative prices will approxi- mate the average of the period 1955-62. Long-term trends in relative prices of paper products have been fairly stable (fig. 3). Prices of paperboard showed a fairly stromg upward trend for a number of years but have leveled off since about 1951. In view of the long history of successful improvements in technology in the pulp, paper and board industries, it seems reasonable to expect that recent relative price levels for the products of these industries will be maintained during the projection period. . TRENDS IN DEMAND FOR INDUSTRIAL RAW MATERIALS In addition to population and general economic activity, trends in use of all industrial raw mate- rials are likely to be of significance in projecting demands for important classes of raw materials such as timber products. Also, comparisons of prospective trends in demand for timber products with prospective trends in use of all raw materials provide some basis for judging the reasonableness of the projections of timber demand. Industrial raw materials are defined to include: (a) agricultural nonfoods and wildlife products, such as cotton and other fibers, vegetable oils, hides, rubber, and furs; (b) minerals such as iron and other metallic ore, clay, sand, limestone, and sulfur, but not gold; and (c) all timber products except fuelwood. These materials are referred to as “physical structure materials” in Bureau of the Census publications.’ 7 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Raw Materials in the United States Economy: 1900-61, 1963, (Working Paper No. 6). THE OUTLOOK Use of Industrial Raw Materials Per Dollar of GNP Down 45 Percent Since 1920 Over the past several decades consumption of industrial raw materials has increased substantially but more slowly than GNP and its major com- ponents. Between 1920 and 1961, for example, consumption of industrial raw materials increased about 1.8 times—considerably less than the rise in gross national product (table 3 and fig. 5). As a result of these different rates of growth, use of industrial raw materials per thousand dollars of GNP declined from an average of about $46 in the early 1920’s to about $26 in 1961 (1954 dollars), a reduction of nearly 45 percent. Per capita use of industrial raw materials reached a maximum in the early 1950’s and has since de- clined. The drop in use of industrial raw materials per dollar of gross national product is attributed to such factors as refinements in manufacturing that add more value to given amounts of raw materials, relative increases in use of the cheaper raw mate- rials, more complete utilization of raw materials, recycling of scrap and used materials, and relative increases in the services component of GNP. In recent years the drop in materials use per dollar of gross national product has been somewhat overstated because of the exclusion of small quantitites of petroleum, gas, and coal used as industrial raw materials in the manufacture of plastics, rubber, nylon, and other related synthetic products. However, adjustment for such materials does not change the trends significantly. Further Decline in Use of Industrial Raw Materials Per Dollar of GNP Expected, But Projected Use More Than Doubles by 2000 Some further decrease in the ratio of raw mate- rial consumption to gross national product appears likely, although at a slower rate than in the past. On the basis of a statistical and graphical analysis of past trends it was estimated that ratios of raw materials consumed per thousand dollars of gross national product might decline an additional 45 percent by 2000 (table 3 and fig. 5). This assumed future trend in the ratio of materials use to gross national product, together with the projections of gross national product | adopted in this study, indicates that total use of . industrial raw materials will more than double by 2000. FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 11 CONSUMPTION OF INDUSTRIAL RAW MATERIALS 30 TOTAL CONSUMPTION 2 “ s o 2 20 _* x All Industrial Raw Materials = -*" o at = oe 2 10 Agricultural Nonfoods a5 | Minerals Except Gold \ . : Ped an, ak, looses PC ae Timber Products © CONSUMPTION PER THOUSAND DOLLARS OF GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT 1954 dollars o3 8 oe Except Gold Timber Products” PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION wot 1954 dollars |. ag ———Agricultural Nonfoods 30. — Po gers eae 2. = Minerals Except Gold ON WO ccs Products 0 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Figure 5 12 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 3.—Gross national product and consumption of industrial raw materials, 1920-2000 Consumption of industrial raw materials Year Gross national product Total Per thousand Per capita dollars of GNP Billions of 1961 | Billions of 1954 | Billions of 1954 dollars dollars dollars 1954, dollars 1954 dollars 1920. Bose Sse eee ss 143 .0 123.5 6. 53.40 62.00 [OS 0i ewe Se hae tee ae 190.3 164.5 6.6 40.10 53.60 1QAQS 222 2 Sea ee oe 236.8 205.8 8.5 41.30 64.30 [95 0Ee sat s= cee ce eee ee 366.5 818.1 LL 36.20 75.50 1:96 (nse as re eee 511.1 439.9 11.9 27.10 65.90 1961. eae eee ees 518.7 447.7 aby 26.10 63.70 PROJECTIONS OTOL ois eee ee ee 710.0 610.0 13.8 22 .60 66 .30 PO S058 aaa se eae 990.0 860.0 16.4 19.10 68.00 199 0 eae Dee ee 1,380.0 1,190.0 19.5 16.40 69.60 2 00H Re tees ees oe 1,926.0 1,650.0 23.8 14.40 73 .20 Note: Industrial raw materials are identical to “physical structure materials’’ as used by the Bureau of the Census. Sources: GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT: 1920, de- rived from data published by the Joint Committee on the Economic Report, Potential Economic Growth of the United States During the Next Decade, 1954. 1930-61, Office of the President, Economic Report of the President, January 1962 and 1964. CONSUMPTION OF INDUSTRIAL RAW MATE- RIALS: 1920-61, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Raw Materials in the United States Economy: 1900-1961, 1963, (Working Paper No. 6). PROJECTIONS: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. TABLE 4.—Construction expenditures and consumption of construction materials, 1920-2000 Consumption of construction materials Year Construction expenditures ! Per thousand Total dollars of Per thousand Per capita construction | dollars of GNP expenditures Billions of Billions of Billions of 1961 dollars 1954 dollars 1954 dollars 1954 dollars 1954 dollars 1954 dollars LO Z0R soos see as 19.1 Tit 8 178.30 22°50 26.30 193053222 eee es 34.3 28.3 Pat 95.40 16.40 21.90 LOAO Bese See ee 34.5 28.5 3.0 105.30 14.60 22.70 a UGS 15 0 a aie re tan er 55.5 45.8 4.3 93.90 13.50 28.20 OG OS seueet oe, sepeeee cea 61.7 5.0 81.00 11.40 27.70 196 L SS eee ae 76.5 63.1 4.9 10 10.90 26.70 PROJECTIONS a 4) eee a ee eee 98.0 Si 2 Girt! 75.10 10.00 29.30 LO SQ Sei seen ee P2520 103.2 hea 68.80 8.30 29.50 19 OO Wi 2 oe eer ee 156.0 128.3 8.3 64.70 7.00 29.60 ZOO OR ats ee ee 197.0 162.7 9.8 60.20 6.00 30.20 1 Excludes farms and railroads. Sources: CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES: 1920- 50, derived from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census publication Historical Statistics of the United States, 1960. 1960 and 1961 derived from the UES Department of Commerce, Business and Defense ee Administration’s monthly report, Construction eview, CONSUMPTION OF CONSTRUCTION MATE- RIALS: 1920-61, Bureau of the Census, Raw Materials in the United States Economy: 1900-1961, 1963, (Working Paper No. 6). PROJECTIONS: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 13 Projected Construction Expenditures Nearly Triple by 2000 Trends in use of construction materials also are of significance in projecting demands for timber products since a large part of the consumption of lumber and plywood, for example, is used in various types of construction. Construction materials are defined to include (a) construction minerals such as sand and gravel, (b) ores of iron and ferro-alloy metals, and (c) construction timber, i.e., saw logs, veneer logs, and minor industrial wood products. Over the past four decades expenditures for construction (excluding farms and _ railroads) have quadrupled, although with considerable cyclical fluctuation (table 4 and fig. 6). CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES TOTAL es ae IS) os So 0 oO ae NONRESIDENTIAL © 200 v4) = iS iS 150 ¢ We Kh 100 | Upkeep & Improvements SCs of A6 \2? oe oe 50 ptm Or Es e oo" ‘New Nonresidential 0 ee 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Figure 6 CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES & GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (billions of 1961 dollars) 400 TOTAL 2¢e 300 Assumed ee Relationship ee Ah 200 YaGtDX 777 yest 7 e me ads ret a 7 eg WOE SD, CATO ve) vos Pon LEA ¢ , rat 2 O glen! = he y=ath | = 100 ye y=atb log x 5 Ro = eg, Lu & c °o 2 C250 fe 2 NONRESIDENTIAL S 200 as Assumed | Relationship ue 150 me \ L : Ke of y=atbx oe ¢ 100 \? gate see 4 be Be i ¢ eer cde (PN 50 Ne y-a 0g x one 0 500 é io : 1500 2000 Figure 7 Construction expenditures during the period 1947-61 were closely related to GNP (fig. 7). A projection, derived from this past relationship, as modified by long-term trends in construction expenditures as a percent of GNP and judgment as to the changing outlook, showed a rise from $76.5 billion (at 1961 prices) in 1961 to $197 billion in 2000 (table 4). The projected value of $142.6 billion of new construction in 2000 (ex- cluding upkeep and improvements) is substan- tially below recent projections of $219 billion by the U.S. Department of Commerce® and $281 billion by Resources for the Future, Inc.° 8 U.S. Department of Commerce, Business and Defense Services Administration, Construction Review, vol. 7, No. 9, September 1961. 9 Resources for the Future, Inc., Resources in America’s Future, Patterns of Requirements and Availabilities, 1960- 2000, p. 615. The Johns Hopkins Press, 1962. 14 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES For nonresidential construction, total expendi- tures were projected to increase from $45.5 billion in 1961 to $129.6 billion in 2000, including $101.8 billion for new construction and $27.8 billion for repairs and maintenance. Total expenditures for residential construction were projected from $31.0 billion in 1961 to $67.4 billion in 2000. Total construction expenditures during the past 40 years have varied between 6 and 22 percent of GNP, with a slight downward trend. In the last decade expenditures have averaged about 15 percent of GNP, with nonresidential construction averaging about 8 percent of GNP, and residential construction including repairs, alterations, and additions 7 percent. The projections adopted in this study indicate a further decline in construction expenditures as a percent of gross national product. Most of this drop reflects the expectation that residential con- struction will tend to increase in line with popula- tion and thus rise much more slowly than GNP. An expected continuation of the upward trend in the “‘services’” component of GNP is also expected to lower the proportion of GNP devoted to non- residential construction. Projected Use of Construction Materials Doubles by 2000 Between 1920 and 1961 consumption of con- struction materials increased about 75 percent (table 4). Most of this growth was due to a rise in the use of construction minerals, although con- sumption of iron and ferro-alloy metals also rose until the early 1950’s. Construction timber prod- ucts did not show a well-defined trend. While total consumption has increased substan- tially since the early 1920’s, the use of construction materials per thousand dollars of construction expenditures has declined about 40 percent (table 4). This trend has been largely caused by such factors as technological advances in construction, improved materials, and an increase in the propor- tion of expenditures for such things as architec- tural and engineering services. On the basis of a statistical and graphical analysis of past trends in use, it is estimated that consumption of all construction materials per thousand dollars of construction expenditures may decline an additional 23 percent by 2000 and use per thousand dollars of gross national product by about 45 percent (table 4). Total use of construction materials, however, is projected to a level about double consumption in 1961. Per capita use of construction materials remains about the same as in the 1950’s. DEMAND FOR LUMBER AND PANEL PRODUCTS IN CONSTRUCTION About three-quarters of the lumber and plywood consumed annually in the United States, plus . substantial volumes of other wood products such as building board, are used in various kinds of construction. RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION Residential construction is the largest market for lumber, plywood, and other panel products. Projections of demand have been derived in the TABLE 5.—Inventory of dwelling units, 1920-2000 (Thousand units] Total Number of households Year | inventory Vacant of dwelling dwelling units Total |Nonfarm) Farm units 1920) 24 ,552 24,352 | 17,601 | 6,751 200 1930___ 32,495 29,905 | 23,300 | 6,605 2,590 1940___ 37 ,325 84,855 | 27,748 | 7,107 2,470 1950e== 46,137 42,969 | 87,228 | 5,741 3,168 1960___ 58 ,468 52,955 | 49,407 | 3,548 5,518 PROJECTIONS 1970___ 69 , 400 G25 O Oe | ee ee ee | eee ees 6,900 1980___ 81,700 BIA 0 Olt Peace eee |e en 8,200 1990___ 95,800 862. 00ii| sea eae ee ert 9,600 20002)" LL: 200M Ee LOLOOON pees | eee 11,200 Sources: INVENTORY OF DWELLING UNITS: 1920 and 1930, derived by addition of estimated vacancies to reported number of households. 1940, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Housing 1940, Part I, U.S. Summary. 1950 and 1960, Bureau of the Census, “Components of Inventory Change.’ United States Census of Housing, 1960, vol. IV, Part 1—A, 1962. NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS: 1920-40, Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing, 1950, vol. I, Part 1, 1953. 1950 and 1960, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Components of Inventory Change.” United States Census of Housing, 1960, vol. IV, Part 1—A, 1962, and from unpublished data furnished by the Bureau of the Census. VACANT DWELLING UNITS: 1920 and _ 19380, Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States, 1960. Vacancy data for nonfarm were based on difference between reported number of nonfarm dwelling units standing and number of occupied nonfarm dwelling units. Farm vacancy for 1920 estimated at 1 percent of occupied farm dwelling units; for 1930, estimated at 3 percent of occupied farm dwelling units. 1940, Bureau of the Census, Housing 1940, Part I, U.S. Summary. 1950 and 1960, Bureau of the Census, ‘““Components of Inven- tory Change.’ United States Census of Housing, 1960, vol. IV, Part 1—-A, 1962. PROJECTIONS: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. % a = De eh ; lia is Dh Eby ope (Bem ais s Residential construction is the largest market for lumber and panel products. following analysis from (1) estimates of future requirements for new dwellings to provide for prospective increases in households, (2) prospective replacements of dwellings, (8) trends in the size and characteristics of new dwellings, and (4) trends in use of wood products in each type of dwelling. Housing Inventories Nearly Double by 2000 The number of households in the United States more than doubled in the period 1920-60, rising from 24.4 million to about 53 million units (table 5). The projections of households show a further rise to approximately 101 million units in 2000. Vacancies represent a significant part of the total housing inventory and constitute a substantial part of the demand for housing. Available data for recent years indicate vacancy ratios varying between 6.3 percent of the total housing inventory in 1940 and 10.2 percent in 1962 (table 6). It was assumed in this analysis that vacant dwelling units would continue to represent about 10 percent of the Nation’s housing inventory. The total hous- ing inventory, including vacancies, is thus pro- jected to rise to about 112 million units in 2000 (table 5). New Household Formation the Primary Source of Demand for Housing In the decade 1950-60 about 73 percent of the housing units provided was attributable to an A TR. © eS. “i Sa Ny N : ‘b, > ba ‘ mane F-508316 TABLE 6.—Residential vacancy rates by type of vacancy, 1940-62 {Percent of all dwelling units] Type of vacancy 1940 | 1950 | 19601} 1962: Not for sale or rent ?_______ 0.4 1 er 2.8 2.9 Seasonal... so oe coe eS 18 2.5 PAL 3.0 Dilapidated_______________ \ 4 { lepeal Ped. 0.8 For sale or rent____________ ’ 1.6 3.5 3.5 Total vacancies______ 6.3 6.9 | 10.1 10.2 1 Vacancy rates during the fourth quarter of the year. 2 Includes units held off market for such reasons as: Rented or sold but awaiting occupancy, reserved for the owner’s use as a second home, temporarily not on market for personal reasons of the owner, and not offered for rent or sale because of location in places of little demand for housing. Sources: 1940, Housing and Home Finance Agency, The Housing Situation, The Factual Background, June 1949. 1950-62, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Housing Reports, 1963. (Series H—-111, No. 31). increase in households and the remainder to replacement of housing units (table 7). In the 1930’s and 1940’s the proportions of dwelling units provided for new households was even greater. This dependence of the residential construction industry on new household formation is expected to diminish somewhat in the 1960’s, but in the 1990’s still amounts to an estimated 60 percent of the total projected housing demand. The replacement of dwelling units also consti- tutes a major source of demand for materials. ‘ ~s oe “= ” Ye 100 ef ——— = s o Ts Ys Lo} -S 050 Plywood 0 Total Use ae 12.5 Do ck @ 100 Ss a= > ence! S 75 Lumber ~e=-"" 2” > = = Te == = co 50 ==, = = ro) ox = a Plywood = 2 2 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 *Plywood measured in square feet, %"' basis. Figure 12 1962, falling from an estimated 5.4 billion board feet to 5.0 billion board feet (table 12 and fig. 12). In contrast, plywood consumption increased rapidly—rising from an estimated 135 million squats feet in 1951 '° to 2.8 billion square feet in Surveys of wood used in sample construction projects across the Nation indicated a wide range in amounts of lumber and plywood used per dollar of construction expenditures. For all classes combined, wood use in 1962 averaged 0.15 board foot of lumber per dollar of expenditure, or about 30 percent less than the estimated average factor in 1952 (table 12). Use of plywood averaged about 0.08 square foot per dollar. 1° Stanford Research Institute. America’s Demand for eee 1929-1975. Tacoma, Weyerhaeuser Timber Co., 24. TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES Contractors interviewed in surveys of non- residential construction indicated that use of lumber per dollar of expenditure is likely to decline further. Increasing use of metal scaffolds, sub- stitution of rented metal forms for wood in con- crete formwork, use of plastic-coated plywood with a longer service life, the trend toward larger buildings associated with growing urbanization, and changes in construction techniques which result in increased use of steel floor joists and pre- cast and prestressed concrete floor members and panels all adversely affect use of lumber and plywood. Structural wood items, on the other hand, appear to have a growth potential in nonresidential con- struction, particularly for arches, beams, rafters, and trusses, and in certain classes of buildings such as schools, churches, and warehouses. Wood roof trusses with metal connectors have been used increasingly in light construction. Recent trends in arehitectural styles for such buildings as light manufacturing industrial plants and schools also indicate some increase in single-story structures, where possibilities for lumber use are greater than in multiple-story buildings and other heavy construction. After weighing apparent trends in various classes of nonresidential construction, it was assumed that use of lumber per dollar of expendi- ture may drop from 0.15 board foot in 1962 to 0.09 board foot by 2000 (table 12 and fig. 12). TABLE 12.—Lumber and _ plywood and veneer consumed in nonresidential construction, 1952- 2000 Lumber Plywood and veneer Year Use per Use per Volume | dollar! of | Volume | dollar! of used expendi- used expendi- ture ture Million Square square feet, feet, Million Board 34-inch 34-inch board feet feet basis basis I bP An eos 5,400 O20 eee ee eee UGG Zao 5,000 .15 2,800 0.08 PROJECTIONS LOTMOS AS a= 6,000 0.14 4,700 0.11 1980s ees 6,900 ui? 5,600 .10 1:9 90/2 Se 8,000 .10 6,800 .09 2000S a= 9,200 .09 8,500 08 1 1961 dollars. yf This would represent a reduction of about 40 percent, compared with a projected reduction of 25 percent in consumption of all construction materials per dollar of construction expenditure. Future use of plywood per dollar of construction expenditure is projected to increase slightly during the 1960’s, partly on the assumption that plywood has not fully completed its displacement of lumber in this field of construction. Thereafter, a drop in plywood use per dollar of expenditure is anticipated. Substantial Increases Projected in Total Use of Lumber and Plywood Projections of total lumber use, derived from the projected construction expenditures and assumed changes in wood use factors, rise from 5 billion board feet in 1962 to 6 billion board feet in 1970, and to 9.2 billion board feet in 2000. Projections for plywood show a rise from 2.8 billion square feet in 1962 to 4.7 billion square feet in 1970, and to 8.5 billion square feet in 2000. An estimated 1.0 billion square feet (44-inch basis) of building board was used in 1962 in non- | residential construction. This included an esti- mated 800 million square feet of insulation board (4-inch basis), about 700 million square feet of hardboard (%-inch basis), and some 26 million _ square feet of particleboard (%-inch basis). Esti- mates of prospective demands for these products— amounting to roughly three times the level of con- ~ sumption in 1962—are included in a later section on Demand for Pulpwood. UPKEEP AND IMPROVEMENTS In addition to new residential and new nonresi- dential construction covered in the preceding sec- tions, the upkeep and improvement of residential and nonresidential structures (other than farms and railroads) also accounts for substantial use of wood products. _ Expenditures for Residential Upkeep and Improvements Show Major Increases Expenditures for upkeep and improvements of residential structures amounted to about $11.2 billion in 1962 (table 13). This included outlays for such purposes as painting, repair or replace- ment of siding and roofing, alterations and remod- eling, and additions such as garages, patios, drive- ways, and fences. 744-350 O—65——3 F-508318 Over 5 billion board feet of lumber was for upkeep and improvements in 1962—mostly on residential buildings. TABLE 13.—Expenditures for repairs, alterations, and additions of residential structures, 1920- 2000 [1961 dollars] Alterations Period or year Total Repairs and additions Million Million Million dollars dollars dollars 1920-29 1______ 3,275 2,565 710 1930-89 1______ 3,872 35,100 762 1940-49 1______ 5,879 4 284 1,595 1950-59 1______ 10,604 6 , 862 3,742 £96032) Seo 13,159 7,642 5,518 1961 =e Seek 13 , 805 8,219 5,586 H96Ze 2 oe ook 11,166 6,693 4,473 PROJECTIONS 1970.22 ee 16,000 10,000 6,000 T9802 2 sae 19,100 11,600 7,500 1990s 28 22,400 13 ,400 9,000 PAU) ee ee 26,600 15,600 11,000 1 Data shown are annual averages for the decade. Note: Data for the years 1920-59 exclude farm house- holds, 1960-62 and projections include all households. Sources: 1920-56, U.S. Department of Labor and U.S. Department of Commerce, statistical supplement to vol. 3 of Construction Review, Construction Volume and Costs, 1915-1956, 1958. 1957-59, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Business and Defense Services Administration, Construction Review. 1960-61, U.S. Department of Com- merce, Bureau of the Census, Construction Reports, Resi- dential Alterations and Repairs (series C50-6), July 1962. 1962, Bureau of the Census, Construction Reports, Resi- dential Alterations and Repairs (series C50—8), November 1963. Projections, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. == ee 26 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES Expenditures for residential upkeep and im- provements have shown trends similar to growth in GNP and number of households. On the basis of a statistical analysis of the relationship between expenditures and gross national product in the 1947-62 period and a graphic analysis of trends in expenditures per household, total expenditures for residential upkeep and improvements were pro- jected from $11.2 billion in 1962 to $26.6 billion in 2000. Nonresidential Expenditures for Repairs Also Increasing Rapidly Expenditures for nonresidential repairs, includ- ing minor improvements but excluding major alterations or additions which are included in new construction, averaged about $12.2 billion in the period 1960-62 (table 14). Expenditures as a percent of gross national product have shown a slight downward trend—from an average of 2.9 percent in the 1920’s to about 2.3 percent in 1962 (table 14). In view of the projected decline in new non- residential construction as a component of GNP, and continuing improvements in the quality of materials used in construction and in construction technology, some further decrease in the ratio of expenditures for repairs to 1.4 percent of GNP by 2000 has been assumed. This, along with a statistical analysis of the relation between expend- itures and GNP in the period 1947-62, indicates that expenditures for nonresidential repairs may total about $27.8 billion annually by 2000. About 5.4 Billion Board Feet of Lumber Used for Upkeep and Improvements in 1962 The volume of lumber used for upkeep and im- provements of both residential and nonresidential structures amounted to an estimated 5.4 billion board feet in 1962 (table 15). The major part of the lumber consumed—about 4.4 billion board feet—was used on residential properties. The re- maining billion board feet was used for nonresi- dential repairs and minor improvements. _ Of the lumber used in residential upkeep and improvements, more than four-fifths went for framing, sheathing, and siding, according to recent field surveys in a number of sample cities. About 9 percent was used for doors, windows, cabinets, and other millwork. Flooring lumber made up about 6 percent of the total, and paneling and con- crete forms each accounted for about 1 percent. TABLE 14.—Expenditures for repair of nonresiden- tial structures } 1920-2000 [1961 dollars] ; Expenditures, Gross Expenditures Period or year for national in relation | Yepairs product to GNP Million Billion dollars dollars Percent 1920-29 2______ 5,002 ial 2.9 1930-89 ?______ 6,407 183 3.5 1940-49 2______ 7,147 326 22 1950-59 2___ | nl ieralal 438 2.4 T9602 ese 12,098 511 2.4 1:9 Gil see. eee 12,036 519 2.3 P9628 ss 12 ,558 546 2.3 PROJECTIONS LO70Ne es eee 15,300 710 Ze LOSOURS Jee 18,700 990 1.9 1990 Sse 23,200 1,380 aka 2000b 26 Seeks 27,800 1,920 1.4 1 Excludes farms and railroads. 2 Data shown are annual averages for the decade. Sources: EXPENDITURES FOR REPAIRS: 1920- 56, U.S. Department of Labor and U.S. Department of Commeree, statistical supplement to vol. 3 of Construction Review, Construction Volume and Cost, 1915-1956, 1958. 1957-62, U.S. Department of Commerce, Business and Defense Services Administration, Construction Review. Projections, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. TABLE 15.—Lumber consumed in upkeep and improvements,! 1962-2000 Residential re- pairs, alterations, | Nonresidential and additions repairs Total’.|-= ee Year volume used Use per Use per Volume | dollar of | Volume | dollar of used | expend-| used iture ? iture 2 Million | Million Million board board Board board Board feet feet feet feet feet 19622... 5,400 4,400 0.394 1,000 0.080 PROJECTIONS 197 OS. se 5,900 4,800 0.300 1,100 0.070 TO SOE See 6,500 5,300 .280 1,200 060 LOSORe se 7,100 5,800 . 260 1,300 055 2000_..--| 7,800 6 ,400 240 | 1,400 050 1 Excludes farms and railroads. 2 1961 dollars. yp Pee ee THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS Of the lumber used in nonresidential repairs more than three-fourths was for framing, sheath- ing, and siding. Millwork items made up about 9 percent of this total, concrete forms and other facilitating uses about 4 percent, and paneling and flooring about 1 percent. Projected Lumber Consumption Shows Substantial Rise by 2000 Lumber consumption for upkeep and improve- ments in 1962 was estimated at about 0.394 board foot per dollar of expenditure for residential properties and 0.080 board foot for nonresidential (table 15 and fig. 18). Declines in lumber use LUMBER AND PLYWOOD CONSUMED FOR UPKEEP AND IMPROVEMENTS Per Dollar of Construction Cost (1961 Dollars) 25 om & 20 ~~ oe —— ——) S is Lumber Se =) Lom Se Plywood 2 ess S 05 =) 0 Total Use Aa _— ® ® peru = : a=” 5 Cec was > 6 a Lumber “a saa = S 4 Plywood E Plywood nen 6 2 on 0 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 *Lumber measured in board ft., plywood in sqe ft. %" basis. Figure 13 27 per dollar of expenditure are expected—to an estimated 0.240 board foot for residential and 0.050 board foot for nonresidential properties by 2000— in response to continuing changes in use of mate- rials and types of construction and the general decrease in the use of all materials per dollar of construction expenditure. This projected drop in wood-use factors is more than offset, however, by projected increases in total expenditures. As a consequence, estimates of total lumber use rise from 5.4 billion board feet in 1962 to 7.8 billion board feet in 2000 (fig. 13). This includes an estimated 6.4 billion board feet for residential upkeep and improvements and 1.4 billion board feet for nonresidential repairs. 1.5 Billion Square Feet of Plywood Used in 1962—Projections Show Rise to 3.8 Billion Square Feet in 2000 The volume of plywood used for upkeep and improvements of residential and nonresidential structures totaled approximately 1.5 billion square feet (#,-inch basis) in 1962 (table 16 and fig. 13). An estimated two-thirds of the total plywood used went into residential repairs, alterations, and additions—mainly for sheathing, siding, partitions, TABLE 16.—Plywood and veneer consumed in wp- keep and improvements,’ 1952-2000 [34-inch basis] Residential repairs, altera- Nonresidential tions, and repairs Total additions Year volume used Use per Use per Volume | dollar 2 | Volume | dollar ? used jof expen-| used jof expen- diture diture Million | Million Million square | square | Square | square | Square feet feet feet feet feet 1952___ 600 356 0.036 244 0.024 1962_____ 1,500 1,030 .092 470 .038 PROJECTIONS 19702. =| 25600 1,800 OQ: dal 800 0.05 1980____- 3,000 2,100 paca 900 05 N99 OSes 3,400 2,400 .10 1,000 04 2000_____ 3,800 2,700 mal) 1,100 .04 1 Excludes farms and railroads. 2 1961 dollars. 28 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES and paneling. Smaller amounts were used for cabinets, flooring, and forms. Plywood used in nonresidential repairs went mostly into sheathing, partitions, paneling, doors, and cabinets. _ In projecting future use of plywood in both residential upkeep and improvements and non- residential repairs, it was assumed that use per dollar of expenditure would increase slightly as a result of some further displacement of lumber, then decline although at a slower rate than all construction materials. These projected use fac- tors, when multiplied by the estimated construc- tion expenditures shown in tables 13 and 14, indicate a potential demand of about 3.8 billion square feet of plywood in 2000. About 625 Million Square Feet of Building Boards Used in 1962 About 625 million square feet (14-inch basis) of building boards was used for upkeep and improve- ments of residential and nonresidential structures in 1962, according to recent studies in a number of sample cities. This included about 400 million square feet (44-inch basis) of insulation board, 360 million square feet (-inch basis) of hardboard, and 90 million square feet (34-inch basis) of particle- board. Roughly 85 percent of the total was used for residential buildings, and about 15 percent for nonresidential structures. Between 1952 and 1962, the volume of building board used for upkeep and improvements approxi- mately doubled. Further substantial increases in potential future demand for these products are projected, as indicated in a later section on Demand for Pulpwood. FARM STRUCTURES Lumber, plywood, posts, poles, and other timber products are used to build and maintain farm structures such as barns, poultry houses, fencing, and feedracks. Although still an impor- tant market, striking changes in farming methods and farm construction, and a decrease in the number of farms from 6.5 million in 1929 to 3.7 million in 1959, have caused major changes in farm use of lumber and other wood products. Farm Gross National Product and Construction Expected To Increase Moderately Farm output as measured by “gross farm product,” i.e., that part of the Nation’s gross national product contributed by farms, amounted to an estimated $21.6 billion in 1962 (table 17). Projections show a rise in gross farm product to about $31.5 billion by 2000. Lumber, poles, posts, and other timber products are used in farm structures. = : rw J g i | ial » \ == a | en Ae anaes v } i _—e 2 a 5 eo A F-500477 al Ot pee Fn ee THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS Farm construction expenditures for structures other than dwellings totaled about $1.4 billion in 1962—somewhat below the average of the 1950’s but substantially above earlier periods (table 17). About two-thirds of these expenditures were for new construction and one-third for repairs. TABLE 17.—Farm output and construction expendi- tures, 1920-2000 {1961 dollars] Construction expendi- | Construc- tures ! tion ex- Period or Gross penditures year farm as a per- product New cent of Total | struc- |Repairs)s GFP tures Million | Million| Million| Million dollars | dollars | dollars | dollars | Percent 1920-29 2___| 14, 800 920 480 440 6. 2 1930-39 2___| 15,600 620 210 410 4.0 1940-49 2 17,800 | 1,060 620 440 6.0 1950-59 2 19,200 | 1,540 | 1,040 500 8.0 119.6 Oe eae 20,900 | 1,310 890 420 6.3 IIe ae Be 21,400 | 1,470 980 490 6.9 O62 ee 21,600 | 1,420 950 470 6.6 PROJECTIONS 9 Ose 23,500 | 1,580 | 1,060 470 6.5 980M See 25,800 | 1,680 | 1,160 520 6.5 1990E 2 seee 28,500 | 1,850 | 1,280 570 6.5 200 0Hsetae< 31,500 | 2,050 | 1,420 630 6.5 1 Includes farm service buildings and structures, excludes dwellings. * Data shown are annual averages for the decade. Sources: GROSS FARM PRODUCT: 1920-28, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States, 1960. 1929-62, Office of the ent Economic Report of the President, January 1962 and 1963. CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES FOR NEW STRUCTURES: 1920-56, U.S. Department of Labor and U.S. Department of Commerce, statistical supplement to vol. 3 of Construction Review, Construction Volume and Costs, 1915-1956, 1958. 1957-62, derived from U.S. De- partment of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, ‘‘Value of New Construction Put in Place—”. Construction Reports, July 1961. (C30-25, supplement) and U.S. Department of Commerce, Business and Defense Services Administra- tion, Construction Review. CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES FOR RE- PAIRS: 1920-56, statistical supplement to vol. 3 of Con- struction Review, Construction Volume and Costs, 1915- 1956, 1958. 1957-62, U.S. Department of Commerce, Business and Defense Services Administration, Construc- tion Review. PROJECTIONS: U.S. Department of Agriculture, _ Forest Service. 29 Farm construction expenditures as a percent of gross farm product have ranged from a low of 2 percent in 1933 to as much as 10 percent in 1951, with an average of about 6 percent over the period 1920-62. Projections of farm construc- tion expenditures in future years have been based upon an assumed rate of 6.5 percent of gross farm product (including 4.5 percent for new structures and 2 percent for repairs)—about the same average rate as in the period 1956-62. Using this rate and the projected gross farm product, total construction expenditures were projected to rise from $1.4 billion in 1962 to about $2.1 billion in 2000 (table 17). An Estimated 2 Billion Board Feet of Lumber Used on Farms in 1962 The total volume of lumber used for farm struc- tures, excluding farm housing, was estimated at about 2 billion board feet in 1962 (table 18). A marked downward trend in lumber use on farms has been attributed in large part to a decrease in number of farm buildings constructed. Ac- cording to the Census of Agriculture, the number of farm service buildings constructed annually has declined from 877,000 in 1949 to an average of 209,000 for the years 1958 to 1960. This drop was offset in part by an increase in average floor area from 520 to 1,220 square feet per building. 20 Estimates of wood use for farm service buildings in 1958-60 were derived from data in the 1960 Sample Survey of Agriculture showing number of new farm buildings constructed by types and regions (U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Agriculture: 1959, vol. V. Special Reports, Part 5, 1960, Sample Survey of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., 1962) together with wood-use factors showing amounts of lumber, plywood, and other building materials used in each major type of farm building in each section of the country. These factors were deter- mined by field surveys in a number of farming areas plus judgment estimates of farm building specialists. Changes in farm construction expenditures between 1958 and 1962 were used to update estimates of wood use to 1962. Lumber use in miscellaneous farm structures such as fencing was estimated from local studies of wood use on farms. (See for example, Beazley, Ronald I., and Lund- gren, Allen L., Farm Lumber Consumption and Use, East- Central Minnesota, 1954. St. Paul, University of Minne- ssota, Agricultural Experiment Station, March 1961, 58 pp., illus. (Scientific Journal Series, Paper No. 4584); also unpublished data from a pilot survey of rural con- sumption of timber products in Missouri, 1958, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D.C.) These indicated that lumber used in miscellaneous farm structures equaled about 15 percent of all lumber used in new construction, and about 40 percent of lumber used in farm repairs. 30 TIMBER TRENDS IN TABLE 18.—Lumber and plywood and veneer con- sumed in farm structures,’ 1952-2000 Lumber Plywood and veneer Year Volume Use per Volume Use per used dollar 2 of used dollar 2 of expenditure expenditure Million square feet Million 34-inch | Square feet board feet | Board feet basis |34-inch_ basis NOB QS 2 2 4,500 DAN. | Sek = pa op an a 1962_____ 2,000 1A 210 0.15 PROJECTIONS 1970+ 2.5 1,900 1.25 300 0.20 1980____- 1,900 1.15 400 .24 1990225 -— 1,900 1.05 500 aA 2000_____ 1,900 .90 600 .29 1 Includes farm service buildings and structures; ex- cludes dwellings. 2 1961 dollars. Changes in the type of farm structures built, as illustrated by the trend from conventional to pole type barns with metal roof and metal siding at- tached to poles set in the ground, have also caused some decrease in the use of lumber. The substi- tution of plywood and nonwood building materials has been another contributing factor. Projections Show Not Much Change in Demand for Lumber—Increase for Plywood In view of trends in farm construction and oper- ation, projected use of lumber per dollar of farm construction expenditures in 2000 was reduced about 40 percent from present levels (table 18). Plywood, on the other hand, appeared likely to find increasing use in farm structures and factors for plywood used per dollar of construction were consequently increased. Based on these assumed wood-use factors and projections of farm construction expenditures, projected demand for lumber on farms drops slightly by 1970 to a level of about 1.9 billion board feet a year. The projection for plywood shows a threefold increase to 600 million square feet annually by 2000. In addition to lumber and plywood an estimated 55 million square feet of hardboard (%-inch basis) and about 5 million square feet of insulation board (4-Inch basis) was used on farms in 1962. Pro- jected demands for these products are included in the section on Demand for Pulpwood. THE UNITED STATES Substantial numbers of wood poles and posts are also used in construction and fencing on farms. Allowances for these items are included in the section on Demand for Miscellaneous Timber Products. RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Use of wood products by railroads has been changing rapidly as a result of a reduction in rail- way mileage, new railway operating methods, and use of nonwood materials. However, fairly large volumes of lumber plus significant quantities of plywood are still used by railroads for ties, railway cars, bridges, and a variety of other structures. Projected Use of Crossties Estimated at 28 Million Annually Crossties represent the most important wood product consumed by railroads. The total num- ber of crossties used annually has dropped from an average of about 96.4 million in the 1920’s to an average of 29.5 million in the 1950’s and an unusually low level of 16.1 million in the 1960-62 period (table 19 and fig. 14). THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 31 TRENDS IN RAILWAYS TRACK MILEAGE FREIGHT CARRIED TIES USED a thousand miles billion ton miles L 0 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1920 ©1930 1940 1950 1960 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 Figure 14 TABLE 19.—Railway mileage and crossties consumed, 1920-2000 Crossties consumed Mileage of track operated Total Period cross- Total In replacement In new track or year ties per mile of F Laid on track Volume Number | Apparent Track laid Total crossties Number | per tie | Number | per mile ave Number | on cross- ife ties Thousand | Thousand | Number | Thousand | Board feet | Thousand | Number Years Thousand Miles 1920-29 1___ 400.4 SUA Ae Oe ee 96,400 34 905000" 2 oe. eilek eee 6.400 |. 2s Se 1930-39 1__ 399.9 371.9 2,986 52,506 36 50 , 552 136 22 1,954 655 1940-49 1___ 378.3 351.8 3,000 48 ,353 38 45,111 128 23 3 , 242 1,080 1950-59 ! 369.8 343 .9 3,015 29 , 523 39 | 26,431 TT 39 3,092 1,025 1960_______ 360.6 335.3 3,017 17 ,633 39 15,424 AGM Ee ome 2,209 730 HOGI ee ee 357.9 332.9 3,017 14,450 39 12 ,968 Sh | Eee wae 1,482 490 9 G2 2h ere 354.5 329.6 3,018 16 ,261 39 14,484 AAPA) a S23 yer ate 1 TTT 590 PROJECTIONS IVs esa 340.0 316.0 3,080 | 28,030 40 25,300 80 38 2,730 900 198 0B ees 335.0 312.0 8,045 28 , 340 40 25,600 82 37 2,740 900 119.9 0 ese 330.0 307.0 3,060 28 ,250 40 25 ,500 83 37 2,750 900 2000_______ 330.0 307 .0 3,060 28 250 40 25,500 83 37 2,750 900 1 Data shown are annual averages for the decade. Sources: MILEAGE OF TRACK OPERATED, NUMBER OF CROSSTIES USED IN REPLACE- MENT: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, Bureau of Transport Economies and Statistics, 1920-53, Statistics of Railways in the United States, 1954-62, Transport Sta- tistics in the United States. MILEAGE OF TRACK LAID ON CROSSTIES, CROSSTIES PER MILE, NUMBER OF CROSSTIES USED IN NEW TRACK: USS. Interstate Commerce Commission statistics (op. cit.) for class I railroads, adjusted for all railroads. _ AVERAGE VOLUME PER TIE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, in cooperation with American Wood-Preservers’ Association, Wood Preservation Statistics. PROJECTIONS: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 32 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES The longrun downward trend in use of ties largely reflects a decline in railway mileage, in- ereased average life of ties resulting from the use of wood preservatives, use of devices such as tie plates and end irons to reduce mechanical wear and splitting of ties, use of welded track, and a shift to diesel locomotives. The abnormally low level of consumption in 1960-62 apparently resulted mainly from deferment of track maintenance. Some further decrease in railway track mileage to an estimated 330,000 miles in 2000 is anticipated (table 19). At the same time a moderate rise in the number of ties replaced annually per mile of track appears likely. Thus total crossties used in replacements total about 25.5 million annually in the projection period. Assuming continued construction of new track at the level of recent decades of about 900 miles a year, total demand for ties would approximate 28 million annually over the next few decades. In terms of board feet, total use of ties averaged roughly 1.1 billion board feet a year during the 1950’s (table 20). Projected demand is estimated at 1.2 billion board feet annually. Use of hewn ties has been decreasing rapidly in recent decades and it is assumed that practically all ties used in the future will be sawn ties. TABLE 20.—Crossties consumed by railroads, 1920- 2000 [Million board feet] Sawn ties Year Hewn Cross- Switch ties Total ties and bridge ties 1920-29 1_____ 1,639 1,319 320 1,962 1930-39 1_____ 1,215 1,020 195 870 1940-49 1___ 1,284 1,121 163 717 1950-59 1___ 1,101 990 lee 161 1960 22 721 653 68 34 E15) 609 541 68 23 W962 pe 680 615 65 19 PROJECTIONS TOT Oise om i 1,200 | 1,120 SOK ae = TOS Ook oe 1,210 1,130 80 A Sau Te E9902 ee es 1,210 1,180 SO aetna 2000_________ 1,210 1,130 SO pS Se oe ' Data shown are annual averages for the decade. One-Fourth Billion Feet of Lumber Used for Car Construction and Repair Lumber used for construction and repair of freight cars in 1962 amounted to an estimated 256 million board feet (table 21). This was markedly below the level of wood use in the 1950’s, largely as a result of the limited construction of ears in 1962 and a low level of expenditures for repairs. TABLE 21.—Lumber and plywood and veneer con- sumed in construction and repair of railroad cars, 1928-2000 Year Lumber Plywood and veneer Million Million square board feet feet, *%-inch basis 19282. Ses ee see 12:009) 22 82 aes LOSS Meo eet 332. |2s2 20 2e ee 194 (erie ene ee 545 8 NOAR 21 Saba. 2 eee Oe 536 14 1950-54 46 222 ee AQG.||L ats Secu See 195559. cee oe SEL e| eee Os ISCO Sse se SP se 254 53 UOGIie See eee 212 56 JY yas Ce eee 256 53 PROJECTIONS TOM Qi eee ete a ene cca 250 100 19S Oz eee ee 250 100 1990 cel oe Sees 250 100 2000 235 ee 250 100 1 Data shown are annual averages for the indicated period. Sources: 1928-48, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Lumber Used in Manufacture, 1928, 1933, 1940; Wood Used in Manufacture, 1948. 1950-59, based on unpublished reports of Class I railroads to the Associa- tion of American Railroads showing volume of lumber purchases for cars, locomotives, and floating equipment, plus Forest Service estimates of lumber used by car builders. 1960-62, Forest Services estimates, based on dollar value of Class I railroad lumber purchases, use of lumber and plywood by ear builders in 1960, and number of freight cars built. Projections, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. In order to carry anticipated increases in railway freight, it is estimated that increased numbers of new freight cars will be needed. This prospect, along with increased size of railway cars and loading practices that require heavier car decking, appears likely to cause some increase in use of lumber in car construction. Several other con- siderations also favor use of wood, including the problem of moisture condensation with metal, THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 33 greater insulating qualities of wood, and greater ease of repairing cars built with wood interiors. On the other hand, substitution of steel is con- tinuing in all classes of cars, and in the case of refrigerator cars, plywood is also being used to some extent in leu of lumber. In the past, considerably more lumber has been used in the repair of freight cars than in the con- struction of new cars. Use of lumber for car repair has been declining, however, as a result of the changing types of cars in service; some further decline in lumber use for car repairs has been assumed. Considering these trends, it has been estimated that use of lumber in car construction and repairs may approximate 250 million board feet of lumber annually in the decades ahead, plus modest amounts of plywood (table 21). Use of lumber for new construction and for maintenance of buildings, bridges, and other structures on projects undertaken by railway personnel amounted to about 80 million board feet annually in the 1950’s. It was estimated that consumption of lumber for miscellaneous railway structures would continue to approximate this recent average. Projected Use of Lumber by Railroads Estimated at 1.5 Billion Board Feet Annually Total demand for lumber for all railway uses, including crossties, switch and bridge ties, car construction and repair, and miscellaneous struc- tures, are estimated to average about 1.5 billion board feet annually over the period 1962-2000 (tables 20 and 21). Projected demands for ply- wood average about 100 million square feet annually. MINE CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Lumber, sawn mine ties, and round and split mine timbers have long been used in substantial quantities in the mining of coal and other minerals such as iron and copper. Changing mining prac- tices in recent years, however, have resulted in sharp declines in the use of these wood products. _ In 1962 the total volume of wood products used in mining operations included an estimated 330 million board feet of lumber, and 48 million cubic feet of round, split, and hewn products (table 22). These volumes were substantially below com- parable estimates for 1950 and prior years. TABLE 22.—Wood consumed in mining, by type of mine, 1905-2000 Lumber Round, split, and hewn products Year In coal| In In coal In Total | mines | other | Total | mines | other mines mines Mil- | Mil- | Mil- | Mil- | Mil- Mil- lion lion lion lion lion lion board | board | board | cubic | cubic cubic feet feet feet feet feet feet 1905_____ 436 242 194 166 135 31 1923_____ 507 296 211 174 152 yqA 19852228 467 347 120 113 102 11 1950_____ 836 597 239 108 90 18 196222 -_ 330 182 148 48 41 7 PROJECTIONS 1970_____ 300 170 130 40 35 5 1980_____ 330 200 130 45 40 5 1990_____ 360 220 140 60 50 10 2000_____ 400 240 160 60 50 10 One of the major causes of this decline in use of wood has been the drop in production of coal and other minerals from underground mines, where practically all wood products used in mining are consumed. Other factors include changes in min- ing techniques, such as the use of conveyor belt systems and rubber-tired vehicles, which have reduced the use of mine ties; metal roof bolts and steel arches, which have substituted on a large scale for wooden mine props; and greater use of preservatives, which has extended the service life of wood products. The effects of these changes are illustrated by factors of wood use per ton of coal output de- veloped in several national surveys of wood use in mining conducted periodically by the Forest Service, as follows: Lumber Roundwood Year: (board feet) (cubic feet) 90522. =e ee Se 0.62 0.34 1G 23 Rts Sake Wie erates he ee: 45 .23 dS Ys topes ean et ne ements .83 24 OS Ob re SR oes 1.07 .16 ELS) SPAS eee alee Re ee a 41 .09 Small Increases Expected in Future Use of Wood in Mining Recent appraisals of future requirements for coal and other sources of energy materials indicate 34 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES the likelihood of a reversal of the recent downward trend in coal output from underground mines.” Coal production from such mines has therefore been estimated to nearly double by 2000. Similar increases in output of other minerals also have been assumed. Projections of future demand for lumber in mining, based on these expectations of increased output of coal and other ores from underground mines and the assumption of some further declines in use of wood per ton of output, rise from 330 million board feet in 1962 to an estimated 400 million board feet by 2000 (table 22). A small increase in future use of roundwood to an esti- mated 60 million cubic feet also is projected. DEMAND FOR LUMBER AND PANEL PRODUCTS IN MANUFACTURES In 1962 about 11 percent of the lumber and plywood and veneer used in the United States was consumed in the production of a wide variety of consumer and industrial “manufactured prod- ucts,’ such as furniture, sports equipment, tool and broom handles, truck bodies, and machinery. 21 U.S. Department of the Interior, Energy Policy Staff, Supplies, Costs and Uses of the Fossil Fuels, February 1963. Resources for the Future, Inec., Resources in America’s Future, Patterns of Requirements and Availabilities, 1960- 2000. The Johns Hopkins Press, 1962. 1017 pp. Scol- lon, T. Reed, “Trends in Utilization of Energy Resources in the U.S.,’’ Sixth World Power Conference, Melbourne, Australia. October 1962. Even larger quantities of wood products were used in the manufacture of flooring, millwork, laminated beams, mobile homes, railroad cars, containers, pallets, and other similar goods produced in manufacturing industries. However, trends in demands for wood in these uses are considered in other sections of this report dealing with construction, railroads, and shipping. 4.2 Billion Board Feet of Lumber Used for Manufactured Products in 1962 Lumber used in the manufactured products included in this section totaled an estimated 4.2 billion board feet in 1962. This was about 7 percent above the levels of use in 1948 and 1960. Detailed data on lumber use by product in 1948 and 1960 are shown in table 23. In both years furniture was by far the most important product, requiring 53 percent of the total lumber used in 1948 and 59 percent in 1960. The re- mainder was widely distributed among other types of goods. Manufacturers’ Sales Correlated With Economic Indicators Projected demands for lumber and other mate- rials used in manufactured products have been derived from trends in sales of these products and trends in use of materials per dollar of sales. In projecting sales for the various industries that More than 2 billion board feet of lumber used annually for furniture manufacture. 4 | uaa M-109815 sia) LA. ey " THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 35 manufacture wood products, correlations were developed to determine relationships between value of shipments of each industry and such independent variables as gross national product, disposable personal income, and industrial pro- duction. These analyses were made for each of the 23 product classes listed in table 23. As an example of these correlations, figure 15 shows that per capita expenditures for household furniture were closely associated with per capita disposable income from 1929 to 1962. Between TABLE 23.—Lumber consumed in manufactured products by product growp, 1948 and 1960 {Million board feet] Product group 1948 1960 Furniture, household________________ 1,965 2,088 Furniture, commercial and _institu- RKO) 0 CON See me SU a a 105 173 Consumer goods, income-sensitive: Sports equipment_________________ 55 87 Pianos and other musical instru- MONS. oe tee eee Bee ee 53 51 Boat building and repair__________ 93 50 Toys and games: 22220292522... 222 54 56 Trunks and luggage______________ 28 17 MoOtalis sea shee oe ae 283 261 Consumer goods, income-insensitive: Hand and garden tools____________ 68 88 Brooms and brushes_____________- 59 89 Woodvpencils=2 es S22 2 ee 66 72 Caskets and other morticians’ goods_ 155 93 Venetian blinds and window shades_ 37 32 Shoe findings and lasts____________ 57 39 Wood matches___________________ 35 1 A Otalecseae star ee 477 414 Commercial equipment: Refrigerators and air conditioners__ 38 94 Fixtures and partitions____________ 172 99 Signs and displays________________ 45 25 WM Otal eta eeea E oe 255 218 Industrial machinery and equipment: Patterns and: jigss.---_-_____-=__- 105 71 Truck bodies and trailers__________ 147 54 General machinery_______________ 27 49 Agricultural implements___________ 68 25 Electrical equipment______________ 66 70 Textile machine supplies__________ 22 26 MOtaleeapgee ew UE 435 295 Miscellaneous products______________ 392 403 | PllgproductSs=see0 8 ee ee 3,912 83,852 Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, _ Wood Used in Manufacture, 1948 and 1960. EXPENDITURES FOR HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE AND DISPOSABLE PERSONAL INCOME (1961 dollars) $50 3 s 2 $40 : st e S $30 3 a. x 1947 6h B $20 i) Goan to jo, st e So v4 8, ~ $l0 + S 19337 0 $1000 $2000 $3000 $4000 Per Capita Disposable Personal Income Figure 15 1929 and 1961, a change of 1 percent in per capita disposable income was accompanied, on the aver- age, by a change of 1.35 percent in per capita sales of furniture. Some decline in this ratio has been evident and a further decline of 20 percent over the projection period was assumed. From 1948 to 1962 the value of shipments of household furniture (in 1961 dollars) rose 82 percent, or an average of 4.4 percent per year. Estimates of prospective expenditures, based on projections of per capita consumption shown in figure 15 and the population assumptions adopted in this study, indicate a further rise from an index of 100 in 1962 to 290 by 2000 (table 24). This would represent an average increase in sales of 2.8 percent annually. Manufactured Products Show Differing Trends in Sales Similar analyses for other products or product groups show differing relationships with the se- lected economic variables. For most products the projections indicate that the ratio of expenditures to income has been declining. For some items, such as agricultural implements, declining per capita sales have not been positively correlated with any general economic indicator. Further reductions in per capita expenditures for such products were assumed. The indexes of prospective sales from such analyses are summarized in table 24 for the various product groups. These show a range in indexes 36 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 24.—I ndexes of value of shipments of manufactured products, by product group, 1948-2000 [1962 —100] Projections Product group 1948 1960 19620 jis 58 ea ee Sa eee 1970 1980 1990 2000 Furniture: Household... 22-2 2225-2 esses 55 88 100 130 175 220 290 Commercial and institutional __-__- 51 91 100 125 175 250 340 Consumer goods: Income-sensitive_____-_--------- 43 91 100 150 210 285 380 Income-insensitive_______-------- 110 95 100 105 110 130 140 Commercial equipment________---- 55 91 100 130 190 255 340 Industrial machinery and equipment_ 68 100 100 130 180 255 335 | Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Past data derived from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census reports, Annual Survey of Manufactures and related material. of sales for the year 2000 from a low of 140 (1962 —100) for the income-insensitive consumer goods to an index of 380 for sales of income-sensitive consumer goods. Lumber Use Per Dollar of Sales Dropping for Most Manufactured Products Lumber use per dollar of sales has declined in recent years for practically all wood-using products (table 25). As with manufactured products in general, greater emphasis on style and quality and rising labor costs have tended to increase sales without expanding raw material require- In addition, lumber has been extensively re- placed by other wood products such as particle- board and plywood, and by nonwood materials such as plastics and metals. Further decreases in lumber use per dollar of sales have been assumed. By 2000 these decreases vary from 46 percent for income-insensitive consumer goods to 70 percent for industrial machinery and equipment. Projections Show 26 Percent Rise in Lumber Use by 2000 For all products combined, projections of lum- ber use rise from 4.2 billion board feet in 1962 to ments. 5.3 billion board feet by 2000—an increase of [Board feet] | TABLE 25.—Lumber use per dollar '! of manufacturers’ sales by product group, 1948-2000 Projections | Product group 1948 1960 1962 | 1970 1980 1990 2000 i | Furniture: Hiousehold2 2 = 2 ae aes eee 0.977 0.650 0.615 0.500 0.390 0.320 0.270 Commercial and institutional_____ .318 .266 .255 .220 .190 .160 .130 | Consumer goods: Income-sensitive________________ 279 .123 ata 080 .060 .050 . 040 Income-insensitive__-____________ .276 274 .260 6225 .180 .155 .140 Commercial equipment____________ .184 095 088 .070 .060 .050 040 | Industrial machinery and equipment. 011 005 005 004 003 .002 .0015 11961 dollars. Oe THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 37 TABLE 26.—Lumber consumed in manufactured products, by product group, 1928-2000 [Million board feet] Projections Product group 1928 1933 1940 1948 1960 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 Furniture: Households. 5-2. 4seecn5 28 1,269 718 | 1,823 | 1,965 | 2,088 | 2,255 | 2,360 | 2,450 | 2,620 2,890 Commercial and institutional____]}_______]-------_|------ 105 173 182 210 240 280 320 Consumer goods: Income-sensitive___._----------- 304 76 214 283 261 257 280 310 330 350 Income-insensitive_____________- 368 279 521 477 414 412 360 320 320 320 Commercial equipment__________ __ 331 92 125 255 218 221 240 290 330 360 Industrial machinery and equip- Ment eee wats Se ee ee 1,169 274 323 435 295 293 300 310 290 290 Miscellaneous products_______-___- 303 118 297 392 403 620 670 700 740 750 All products.__....-.-_-_..-- 3,744 | 1,557 | 2,803 | 3,912 | 3,852 | 4,240 | 4,420 | 4,620 | 4,910 5,280 | about 26 percent (table 26 and fig. 16). The pro- partitions and fixtures and for signs and advertis- jections for the various product groups, however, show widely varying increases as indicated below. Household furniture.—In 1962 some 2.3 billion board feet of lumber, or 53 percent of the total volume used for all manufacturers, went into household furniture. The projection shows a rise to 2.9 billion board feet by 2000, an increase of 28 percent over 1962. Commercial and institutional furniture —Lum- ber consumption in the manufacture of items such as office chairs, desks, tables, and file cabinets; wood desks and other school furniture; and church furniture amounted to about 182 million board feet in 1962. In spite of a prospective drop in lumber use per dollar, the large increases projected in the total sales result in a prospective rise in consumption to 320 million board feet in 2000. Income-sensitive consumer goods.—Included in this group are items such as sports equipment, pianos and other musical instruments, boats, toys, and luggage, for which demand has risen sharply with increased income. Projected trends in lumber use vary widely among these products, but the total rises from 257 million board feet in 1962 to 350 million board feet in 2000. Income-insensitive consumer goods.—Because sales are not increasing in proportion to income, and other materials are replacing wood in such items as brooms and brushes, caskets, shoe find- ings, lasts, and matches, lumber use for income- Insensitive goods was projected to fall from 412 million board feet in 1962 to 320 million in 2000. Commercial equipment.—Lumber use in water- cooling towers and other commercial refrigerating and air-conditioning equipment has increased substantially since 1948. Use of lumber for ing displays, on the other hand, has been dropping, partly because of the substitution of metal and greater use of plywood, hardboard, and particle- board. Projections for the group as a whole show a rise from 221 million board feet in 1962 to 360 million in 2000. Industrial machinery and equipment.—Use of lumber in industrial and agricultural products, such as patterns and jigs, truck bodies and trailers, machines, electrical equipment, and agricultural implements, declined from about 485 million board feet in 1948 to 290 million in 1962. Largely because of the rather substantial increase pro- jected in sales, lumber use has been projected to remain at about the 1962 level. LUMBER CONSUMED IN MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS FURNITURE CONSUMER GOODS Household = “7 - - - - =-- e -- Income-Sensitive Income-Insensitive billion board feet COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT Figure 16 38 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 27.—Plywood and veneer consumed in manufactured products, by product group, 1948-2000 [Million square feet, 3/8-inch basis] Projections Product group 1948 1960 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 Furniture: Household 2 os Be Fa PES 478 690 790 990 1,270 1,590 2,040 Commercial and institutional _____ 51 87 95 110 150 220 300 Consumer goods: Income-sensitive_______________- 60 205 260 400 570 760 970 Income-insensitive______________- 8 43 55 60 70 80 90 Commerical equipment____________ 237 220 240 260 290 330 340 Industrial machinery and equipment_ 59 75 85 100 130 160 200 Miscellaneous products___________- 130 282 350 400 490 570 690 All -products22. 2 = oe. 2/2 1,023 1,602 1,875 2,320 2,970 3,710 4,630 Miscellaneous products —More than 600 million 5 PLYWOOD AND VENEER CONSUMED IN MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS board feet of lumber was used in 1962 for spools and dowels, novelties, souvenirs, picture and if FURNITURE CONSUMER GOODS mirror frames, ladders and scaffolding equipment, 20 es precut fencing, and other miscellaneous items. is EE Household 2-7 Ft 10 — = a = Projected demand for such miscellaneous products increases to about 750 million board feet in 2000. i <7 Commercial icone Soa (eee + Set nd Public Ea & g pM eee Se oot Consumption of Plywood and Other - 3 COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT Panel Products Increasing Rapidly Pe Consumption of plywood and veneer in the ia manufactured products covered in this section : increased about 838 percent between 1948 and are ee eo EO Se eee 1962, rising from slightly over a billion square i940 140 eo zoo e4a wo 190 zo00 | feet (%-inch basis) to nearly 1.9 billion square ee ne feet (table 27 and fig. 17). Figure 17 TABLE 28.—Plywood and veneer use per dollar ! of sales of manufactured products, by product group, 1948-2000 [Square feet, *4-inch basis] Projections Product group 1948 1960 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 Furniture: Households 222-3550. 22 Sek 0.238 0.215 0.215 0.210 0.200 0.195 0.190 Commercial and institutional_____ .141 .134 .135 .125 125 2125 .125 Consumer goods: } Income-sensitive_______________- 060 097 .110 115 115 115 .110 # Income-insensitive______________ .005 .028 .035 035 040 .040 040 95 Commercial equipment____________ VA 096 .095 .070 .060 .050 .040 Industrial machinery and equipment- .002 001 .001 001 .001 001 001 1 1961 dollars. THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 39 This rise was caused principally by the growth of sales, because use of plywood and veneer per dollar of shipments dropped slightly in most manufacturing industries (table 28). In the man- ufacture of household furniture, for example, plywood and veneer consumption fell from about 0.238 square foot (%-inch basis) per dollar of sales (1961 dollars) in 1948 to 0.215 square foot in 1962. In part, this reflected a rapid increase in use of particleboard and plastic laminates. Projections for most product groups assume some further decline in the use of plywood and veneer per dollar of sales. Nevertheless, the expected growth in total sales is large enough to offset this, and projected demands for plywood and veneer rise to 4.6 billion square feet by 2000. Consumption of hardboard, particleboard, and insulating board in manufacturing in 1962 totaled an estimated 575 million square feet (44-inch basis). Use of these products has been increasing steadily and further expansion appears to be in prospect. Projected demands for wood for these products are included in a later section on Demand for Pulpwood. In 1960 manufacturing industries also consumed 290 million board feet of bolts that were made directly into turnery products and other manufac- tures. Future consumption is expected to remain at about this level. These volumes are included in a later section on Demand for Miscellaneous Timber Products. DEMAND FOR LUMBER AND PANEL PRODUCTS IN SHIPPING The manufacture of boxes and crates, pallets, wirebound veneer boxes, hampers, and baskets, | WO. rami Pew F-502054 LUMBER CONSUMED IN SHIPPING BOXES AND CRATES =_-" -- -- - -_—=- ~ ri billion board feet PALLETS DUNNAGE -- = = - == = “7 - Figure 18 along with the dunnage and blocking and bracing required for the transportation, handling, and storage of industrial, agricultural, and military products represents a major market for lumber and panel products. In 1962 lumber used in these shipping uses totaled about 4.3 billion board feet (table 29 and fig. 18). This included 1.8 billion board feet used in containers; 1.7 billion board feet in pallets; and 0.8 billion board feet in dunnage, blocking, and bracing. Use of Lumber Containers Dropping Rapidly Lumber used in containers has dropped sub- stantially in recent years, largely as a result of a TABLE 29.—Lumber consumed in shipping, 1940- 2000 [Million board feet] Year Total Boxes and} Pallets | Dunnage! crates VGAQ 22 3) eee 2 te. 7 Ws 5a | Me ea CL T9AB EROS sh aia eee oy Pr Xa | mm reaee ae ep =aeegee Sy T9482 2c 6 ,450 5,500 200 750 1952____- 6,120 4,290 830 1,000 1960.22 4,280 1,920 1,560 800 1962. 3% 4,340 1,790 1,710 840 PROJECTIONS 19702222 4,300 1,200 2,200 900 1980. 2 4,700 1,000 2,700 1,000 1990222 5,100 900 3,200 1,000 2000____- 5,400 800 3,500 1,100 1 Includes blocking and bracing. 40 TIMBER TRENDS IN major displacement of nailed, lock-corner, and wirebound boxes by corrugated and other fiber boxes, metal and fiber drums, and multiwall paper bags. Recent trends in use of various types of containers are indicated by the changes in manu- facturers’ sales between 1952 and 1962, as shown in the tabulation below. Percent change in sales Nailed and lock-corner boxes__________________ —57 Wirebound boxes: =< 225 32 ae ees —5 Veneer containersa2.. 4. cc See ee ee —15 Corrugated and solid fiber boxes_______________ +92 Fiber cans, tubes, and drums__________________ +104 Shipping sacks and multiwall bags_____________ +36 Metal barrels, drums, and pails_______________ +37 The loss of markets for wooden boxes was at- tributable to several factors, including high cost of materials per unit of capacity, relatively heavier weight of wooden containers, and greater difficulty in automating packaging and shipping operations. In addition, the increasing transportation of merchandise by truck and greater use of pallets have permitted use of containers that offer less protection to merchandise than wood containers. Wooden boxes and related containers have, how- ever, continued to be used where products require special protection, as in the shipment of instru- ments, glass, and ceramics. In view of continuing improvements in use and performance of corrugated and other containers, including development of wet strength fiber products, and plastic materials for shipments requiring special protection, some further substitu- tion for nailed and lock-corner boxes is expected to occur. For all types of containers lumber use in 2000 was projected at 0.8 billion board feet— about 55 percent below the level of 1962 (table 29). Use of Wood for Pallets Growing Steadily Between 1952 and 1962, lumber consumption in pallets rose from 0.8 billion board feet to 1.7 billion board feet, mainly as a result of new methods of materials handling, the development of new types of pallets, and expanded construction of facilities geared to use of pallets. Although in the future several factors such as improved design may tend to reduce consumption of lumber for pallets, the increase in number of pallets built is expected to more than compensate. Lumber use for pallets built has therefore been projected from 1.7 billion board feet in 1962 to 8.5 billion board feet in 2000 (table 29). THE UNITED STATES Lumber Use for Dunnage Has Not Changed Appreciably in Last Decade But Some Increase Likely About 840 million board feet of lumber was used as dunnage, blocking, and bracing in the loading of railway cars, ships, and trucks in 1962. Reductions in such uses have been relatively minor during the past decade in spite of trends toward palletized shipping by truck and increased bulk shipments. The demand for lumber for dunnage, blocking, and bracing has been projected to rise to about 1.1 billion board feet in 2000 (table 29). Plywood Use in Shipping Expected to Double by 2000—Not Much Change in Veneer Approximately 520 million square feet of ply- wood (%-inch basis) was used for the manufacture of boxes, crates, pallets, and dunnage in 1962— an increase of nearly 27 percent over 1952 (table 30). During the same decade, consumption of veneer for baskets, hampers, wirebound boxes and crates, and other containers dropped from about a billion square feet to 700 million square feet (%-inch basis). On the basis of these recent trends and pro- spective increases in industrial and farm output, use of plywood in shipping has been projected to rise to about 1.1 billion square feet by 2000. Use of veneer has been assumed to remain at about the 1962 level. TABLE 30.—Plywood and veneer consumed in ship- ping, 1948-2000 [Million square feet, 34-inch basis] Year Total Plywood Veneer L9AS 32 eee 1,672 312 1,360 195 22ce seen 1,440 410 1,030 1960 Sete es 1,140 480 660 196 25s eee 1,220 520 700 PROJECTIONS IO TO eeee ame 1,400 700 700 1980 =esae ee 1,600 900 700 1990 Se a 1,700 1,000 700 2000S ake 1,800 1,100 700 — THE OUTLOOK MISCELLANEOUS AND RESIDUAL USES OF LUMBER AND PANEL PRODUCTS The specific end uses covered in previous sec- tions accounted for nearly all of the apparent consumption of lumber and panel products in 1962. The remaining volumes—amounting to about a billion board feet of lumber and 0.2 billion square feet of plywood—were presumably used for a wide variety of miscellaneous purposes, including ‘‘do- it-yourself’’ projects such as construction of furniture, bulletin boards, and boats; the building of miscellaneous structures such as picnic tables, signs, and foot bridges; made-on-the-job adver- tising and display structures; wood products used for teaching woodworking in schools; and scenery and staging for theatrical productions. Part of these residual volumes may properly belong in the statistics for construction, manu- facturing, and shipping presented earlier. Some underestimate of wood use in these various cate- gories may have occurred since the estimates were necessarily based on surveys and special studies that involve both sampling errors and unknown reporting biases. These residual volumes are relatively small, however, and no attempt was made to allocate them to specific end uses. In the projections of wood use shown in the following section, an allow- ance has been made for these miscellaneous and residual items. FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 4] SUMMARY OF DEMAND PROJECTIONS FOR LUMBER Consumption of lumber in all uses in 1962 amounted to an estimated 37.3 billion board feet (table 31). This was slightly below average con- sumption over the period 1948-62 (fig. 19).” New residential construction has been the most important market for lumber, accounting for about 87 percent of total consumption in 1962 (table 31). Other construction accounted for another 37 percent of the total, and manufacturing and shipping each about 12 percent. Projected Demands Rise to 53.5 Billion Board Feet by 2000 Projections of lumber demands show a gradual rise from 37.3 billion board feet in 1962 to 39.7 billion feet in 1970 and 53.5 billion feet in 2000 (table 31 and fig. 19). This upward trend assumes 22 Data in this figure are based on Census estimates of lumber production and net imports. Forest Service esti- mates of lumber production in 1952 based on special surveys of log and lumber production indicated an output approximately 2 billion board feet higher than reported by the Census in that year. Forest Service estimates of saw log production in 1962 developed from both Census and local sources were approximately 1 billion board feet higher than the Census estimate of lumber production. TABLE 31.—Summary of lumber consumption, by end use and per capita use, 1952-2000 Projections End use 1952 1962 | 1970 1980 1990 2000 | Million Million Million Million Million Million | Construction: board feet board feet board feet board feet board feet board feet | Residentialf:se.a2 a eee 13,010 13,96 14,400 15,900 17,900 20,600 I Nonresidential________________ 5,400 5,000 6,000 6,900 8,000 9,200 Upkeep and improvements______ 5,700 5,400 5,900 6,500 7,100 7,800 | arming sect Po 4,500 2,000 1,900 1,900 1,900 1,900 i Railroadsest2 tr 2,000 940 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 ) Mamin peter eee e 780 330 300 300 400 400 ) ) PO Gal eeeierepe Nos tee es 31,390 27,630 30,000 33 ,000 36,800 41,400 Manufactured products___________ 3,950 4,240 4,400 4,600 4,900 5,300 Shipping and materials handling___ 6,120 4 340 4 300 4,700 5,100 5,400 Miscellaneous and residual________|____________ 1,090 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,400 Motaleusese ts. 8 55a at 41,460 37 ,300 39,700 43 ,400 48 ,000 53 , 500 Board feet Board feet Board feet Board feet Board feet Board feet Total use per capita______ __ 263 200 191 180 171 165 | 744-350 O—65 4 49 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES LUMBER CONSUMPTION 60 o* = secs aene ad ee aor) ant —_ ae Te Soeeet = SePosde] 2 a os = Domestic Softwoods Domestic Hardwoods oe ee een Niet Imports 0 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Figure 19 TABLE 32.—Lumber consumption, net imports, and domestic production, by softwoods and hardwoods, 1920-2000 [Billion board feet] All species Softwoods Hardwoods Year Consump- Net } Domestic | Consump- Net ! Domestic | Consump- Net ! Domestic tion imports /|production tion imports |/production tion imports |production | | 920.22 = on5 = 34.7 (0.8) 35.0 27.4 (0.2) 27.6 7.3 (0.1) 7.4 193022025.2. 28.1 (1.2) 29.3 22.4 (.8) 23.2 ayer | (.4) 6.1 1940.) 2... 31.0 (.2) 31.2 25.5 (1) 25.6 5.5 (Geb) 5.6 19502 oo ee a 40.9 2.9 38.0 33.3 Bait 30.6 1.6 wa 7.4 1b oy ae eg ee 41.5 1.8 39.7 33.2 De 31.5 8.1 all 8.0 10) | eee ee 36.0 3.1 32.9 29.6 229 26.7 6.4 ol 6.2 1962 2 22S 2 37.3 4.1 33.2 30.8 4.0 26.8 6.5 2 6.4 | PROJECTIONS | | i 1970____ 8. 39.7 Dell 34.6 32.2 4.9 27.3 7.5 0.2 7.3 | 1980________ 43.4 5.8 37.6 35.2 5.5 29M 8.2 3 Lee) 1990: _ __ 48.0 6.5 41.5 38.9 6.1 32.8 9.1 4 8.7 | 200022. 22521. 53.5 7.0 46.5 43.3 6.5 36.8 OR 53) 927 ' Figures in parentheses are net exports. is a Forest Service estimate based on special surveys of log and lumber production that indicated an output approximately 2.2 billion board feet higher than reported _ by the Census in that year. Projections: U.S. Depart- | Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the ment of Agriculture, Forest Service. Census, except 1952 figure for domestic production which Note: Individual columns may not add to totals because | of rounding. THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 43 in effect that substitution of other materials for lumber in housing, shipping, and other uses will proceed at a slower pace in the future than in the past, and that such displacement of lumber will be more than offset by growth factors associated with the projected major expansion of the Nation’s economy. Domestic Production Nearly 90 Percent of Consumption in 1962 The domestic lumber industry supplied 89 per- cent of the lumber consumed in 1962 and net imports 11 percent. Net imports of 4.1 billion board feet represented a peak in a trend that has been rising fairly rapidly since World War II (table 32 and fig. 19). Total imports in 1962 included 4.6 billion board feet of softwoods and 0.3 billion board feet of hardwoods, both obtained chiefly from Canada. Lumber exports in 1962 included 0.6 billion board feet of softwoods and 0.1 billion board feet of hardwoods. Net imports have been projected to rise to 7 billion board feet by 2000—roughly the same proportion of total consumption as in 1962. Pro- duction of domestic lumber is projected from about 33 billion board feet in 1962 to 46.5 billion board feet by 2000. Softwoods Compose 83 Percent of Total Lumber Consumption Softwoods accounted for 83 percent of the lum- ber used in 1962—about the same proportion that has prevailed over the past 40 years (table 32). Trends in lumber markets, as described in earlier sections, indicate little prospective change in this proportion. For some years after World War II, used lumber was of considerable importance in urban areas of the East and in farming areas, both for upkeep and improvements and for new construction. Such reuse of materials from demolished buildings has declined sharply, however, largely as a result of mechanized demolition. Projections of lumber demand developed in this section are therefore considered as applying to new lumber. Projected Per Capita Consumption Drops 18 Percent by 2000 Per capita consumption of lumber has dropped materially in the past few decades from about 325 board feet in 1920 to 263 board feet in 1952 and 200 board feet in 1962 (table 31 and fig. 20). The PER CAPITA LUMBER CONSUMPTION 400 300 200 board feet SS 100 Softwood Aes 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Figure 20 44 TIMBER TRENDS IN projection of lumber demand adopted in this study shows a continued decline to 191 board feet per capita in 1970 and 165 board feet in 2000. SUMMARY OF DEMAND PROJECTIONS FOR PLYWOOD AND VENEER Consumption of plywood and veneer for the various end uses described earlier totaled 12 billion square feet (%-inch basis) in 1962 (table 33). Residential construction was the most im- portant single use, followed by nonresidential construction, manufactured products, and upkeep and improvements. Softwood plywood consumption, together with small amounts of softwood veneer, totaled about 9.3 billion square feet in 1962—77 percent of the total of all species used. The major market for this plywood was residential construction. THE UNITED STATES Consumption of hardwood plywood and veneer amounted to 2.8 billion square feet in 1962— 23 percent of the total. Hardwood plywood has been used primarily for paneling and containers. Most of the hardwood veneer has been used in furniture and containers. Projected Demand for Plywood and Veneer Increases 2.6 Times by 2000 Projected demands for plywood and veneer rise from 12 billion square feet in 1962 to 31.5 billion square feet in 2000 (table 33 and fig. 21). Use of softwood plywood and veneer is projected at 23.5 billion square feet—about 75 percent of total consumption—and hardwood plywood and veneer at 8 billion square feet. Per capita use of plywood and veneer has been rising steadily from 33 square feet in 1952 to 64 square feet in 1962. This is projected to 97 square feet in 2000 (fig. 22). The volume of logs used in production of the veneer and plywood consumed in the United States TABLE 33.—Summary of plywood and veneer consumption, by end use, species group, and per capita use, 1962-2000 3¢-inch basis] Projections Item 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 BY END USE ; Million Million Million Million Million Construction: square feet square feet square feet square feet square feet Residential. Sees eee Se 4,170 5,300 3 7,900 9,50 INonresidential:. 2.2322 2,800 4,700 5,600 6,800 8,500 Upkeep and improvements________- 1,500 2,600 3,000 3,400 3,800 Farming and railroads_____________ 260 400 500 600 700 Total wae haae eee eee 8,730 13 ,000 15,700 18,700 22,500 Manufactured products_____________ 1,870 2,300 3,000 3,700 4,600 Shipping and materials handling_____- 1,220 1,400 1,600 1,700 1,800 Miscellaneous and residual___________ 200 1,200 1,700 2,400 2,600 OCA Sas ta ea ee 12 ,020 17 ,900 22 ,000 26,500 31,500 BY SPECIES GROUP Softwoods_________________________ 9 250 14,400 17,000 20,000 23,500 Hardwoods2- = 22222 242522522 2,770 3,500 5,000 6,500 8,000 Total se seek eee 12 ,020 17,900 22,000 26 ,500 31,500 PER CAPITA Square feet Square feet Square feet Square feet Square feet pLOtal US@ 222262 2 he peer eee 64 86 91 95 if THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 45 PLYWOOD & VENEER CONSUMPTION 30 y ote oe? oe? of eo”? — e Ape o* wi on” : a) F of se” Total Consumption -** --* aS e of = 20 o* =o? S % of ee ¢ of eo” ee 90 e oF ™SS oo of 2 ¢ o* —_—. of ot” ¢ o* 3 i ae Total Softwoods — ¢? oe ¢ ¢ 2 ¢ 3S ¢ So Ke | Ss 0 o wn ce aos 2 Total Hardwoods—a_ aeee"" 5 aaaeen anaes lee ae | ee ——F genre ee “=~ Domestic Hardwoods 0 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Figure 21 PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF PLYWOOD & VENEER | 100 } ees oe ae ¢ ? oI f Pode Ps on oan oe ee ) wn alee oe ae S g o | # Total consumption {oe Ss 4 = 4 | fe f = 50 ss | ps x = Softwood i=} > “a 25 Hardwood —. . ( Bil eesse i] ee eee 0 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 i} Figure 22 46 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES in 1962 amounted to 6.8 billion board feet (table 34). Projected demands for veneer and plywood in 2000 would require about 18.3 billion beard feet of logs—some 2.7 times the level of con- sumption in 1962. Softwood logs are expected to account for most of the increase, with use rising from 4.9 billion board feet in 1962 to 12.4 billion board feet in 2000. The volume of hardwood logs required to meet projected demands for hardwood veneer and plywood rises from 1.8 billion board feet in 1962 to 5.9 billion board feet in 2000. Imports Provided 46 Percent of Hardwood Veneer and Plywood in 1962 Imports of hardwood plywood and veneer (table 34) have become of substantial importance, in- creasing from the equivalent of 13 percent of hardwood veneer log requirements in 1952 to 46 percent in 1962. Hardwood plywood from Japan and other foreign countries has accounted for most of these imports, with smaller amounts from Canada. Imports of hardwood logs have been of some importance in the past but have declined to the point where log exports in 1962 exceeded imports by a small margin. In the domestic hardwood plywood and veneer industry the chief species utilized are gum, yellow birch, oak, hard maple, yellow-poplar, cherry, and walnut. Supplies of veener logs of these choice species have been declining—explaining in part the recent major rise in use of imported veneer and plywood. Continued heavy dependence on foreign sources of veneer logs has therefore been assumed. Domestic softwood logs are the raw material for practically all of the softwood plywood and veneer consumed in the United States. Douglas-fir is the major species used in the manufacture of softwood plywood, making up 88 percent of the total softwood veneer logs used in 1962. An increasing variety of other softwoods are being utilized, however, including western hemlock, western pines, larch, true firs, redwood, cedar, and southern pines. Although changes in plywood tariffs might affect the outlook, it has been as- sumed that softwood plywood markets in the United States will continue to be supplied almost entirely by the domestic industry. TABLE 34.—Consumption, net imports, and domestic production of plywood and veneer in terms of log requirements, 1935-2000 - [Million board feet, International 4-inch log scale '] All species Softwoods Hardwoods Year Con- Net Pro- Con- Net Pro- Con- Net Pro- sumption | imports? | duction | sumption | imports? | duction | sumption | imports? | duction 1935s. 22 986 (11) 997 386 3 (22) 408 600 11 589 NOADS Sete 2,084 (27) 200 95 6n ase en a 956 1,128 (27) 1,155 TOA BA Boje 1,650 (21) 1,671 618 (37) 655 1,032 16 1,016 P952e2 es oe 3,082 148 2,934 1,851 (7) 1,858 1,231 155 1,076 195 bu ae 4,561 513 4,048 2,913 (4) 297, 1,648 517 1,131 1960.2 2 = 5,784 640 5,144 4,142 6 4,136 1,642 634 1,008 LOGIE Se see 2 6 ,254 670 5,584 4,611 8 4,603 1,643 662 981 1 | sy Ae 6,776 860 5,916 4,938 6 4,932 1,838 854 984 PROJECTIONS TOPOS S se ass 10,300 1,300 9, 000 126008 eee eee 7,600 2,700 1,300 1,400 TOSQ Se a8 cou 12,500 1,900 10 ,600 85900; | Baers 8,900 3,600 1,900 1,700 1990. 22.255... 15,300 2,600 12,700 LO. 5008 | tae ees 10,500 4,800 2,600 2,200 2000________ 18 ,300 3,400 14,900 1234008 eos ee 12,400 5,900 3,400 2,500 ' Converted from local log rule basis by factor of approximately 1.20 for softwoods and 1.25 for hardwoods. _ ? Includes net imports of plywood and veneer; net imports of hardwoods also include logs. Figures in parentheses are net exports. 3 Includes mixed plywoods not specified by species. Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. F-476957 Pulpwood production is important in most sections of the country. DEMAND FOR PULPWOOD About 25 percent of the domestic roundwood cut in 1962, plus substantial amounts of plant byproducts, was used in the production of wood pulp. In estimating future demands for pulpwood, projections were first developed for the major grades of paper and board. These estimates were then converted into required amounts of wood pulp, to which were added estimates for wood pulp used in the manufacture of nonpaper products. The final step was to convert these total wood pulp requirements into volumes of pulpwood. Consumption of Paper and Board Increasing Rapidly Total consumption of all grades of paper and board in 1962 amounted to 42.4 million tons (table 35). This was 2% times the level of 1940, and more than five times the tonnage used in 1920. Container board was the most important indi- vidual grade, accounting for 22 percent of the total 1962 consumption. This was followed by news- print (18 percent), bending board (12 percent), coarse and industrial paper (12 percent), and other grades (36 percent). Projections of demand derived from a statistical analysis of recent trends in consumption of the major grades of paper and board rise from 42.4 million tons in 1962 to 52.7 million tons in 1970 (table 35 and fig. 23). This is somewhat below projections recently made by the Department of Commerce,” which show a total projected demand ranging between 55.6 and 61.8 million tons by 1970, and a “‘medium”’ projection of 54.9 million tons published in a recent study by Resources for the Future, Inc. *4 Projected demand in 2000 is estimated at 115.5 million tons—about 2.7 times consumption in 1962. Per capita demand is projected to rise from 456 pounds in 1962 to 711 pounds in 2000 (table 36 and fig. 23). 23 Report of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Pulp, Paper and Board Supply-Demand, 1963, (88th Cong., 1st sess., House Report No. 693). y 24Resources For The Future, Inc. Resources in Americas Future, Patterns of Requirements and Availabilities, 1960- 2000. The Johns Hopkins Press, 1962. 1017 pp. TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES he. QO TABLE 35.—Paper and board consumption by grade, 1920-2000 [Million tons] Paper Board Total oa Year paper Coarse | Sani- Con- and || Total |News-|Ground-| Book | Fine and tary | struc- || Total) Con- |Bend-|Build-| Other — board || paper} print | wood | paper!) paper|indus-| and tion || board | tainer| ing ing |board © paper trial | tissue | paper board | board | board paper | paper —— ———_|——_—__ 1920______ 7.8 5.5 Dee, 0.2 0.9 0.4 12 0.2 0.4 DS | a aa pes oe |e en | Pe LOSQES= Soe 12.3 8.4 3.5 «2 1.4 a 1.8 A ass 3.9 1.9 1.0 0.1 0.9 1940 nan e ee 16.8 || 10.6 3.7 .6 1.6 Sh 2.6 Sith ail 6.2 3.3 1.4 an 1.3 | POOLS Soe 29.1 || 16.8 5.9 Bie 2.6 142 Bel 1.4 TAZ 33 5.8 Steal SZ 2.4 | L9G60S22 52 39.2 || 22.0 7.3 9 3.8 1.8 4.7 2.2 Agee Sl eae 8.2 4.6 1.9 2.5 ae 1962 Ses 42.3 || 23.2 7.5 9 4.0 2.0 5.0 2.4 1.4 || 19.1 9.5 4.8 Dre! 2.8 PROJECTIONS | } LOK Ose se 28 52.7 || 28.3 9.0 1.0 5.0 2.4 6.0 ome 1.6 || 24.4 | 12.0 6.7 Dali 3l aa 198022222 69.3 || 36.4 | 11.2 122 6.6 3.3 Gate 4.7 LTE 8296s 9.0 3ai 3.6 Bh 19900 ee 2 90.0 |} 46.3 | 138.9 1.3 8.8 | 4.3 9.8 6.4 also) bares sa fl hny-y-4ed bal fot en 5.2 4.2 BE 200022225. HAG SS 585) WL sb), des 55 12.4 8.6 LOO 10s 292 eles 6.8 4.9 ; a i Lae 1 Includes coated printing and converting paper. Commerce, Pulp, Paper and Board Supply-Demand, , Note: Figures in columns may not add to totals because of rounding. Sources: 1920-40, American Paper and Pulp Associa- tion, The Statistics of Paper, 1960, reporting statistics August 21, 1963 (88th Cong., Ist sess., Union Calendar No. 292, House Report 693). 1950-62, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, Pulp, Paper and Board, Annual, and Business and Defense Services Administration, Pulp, Paper and i N 3 t N t published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, and Board, Quarterly. Projections, U.S. Department of Report of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign i Agriculture, Forest Service. TABLE 36.—Per capita consumption of paper and board, by grade, 1920-2000 [Pounds] Paper Board Total Year paper Coarse | San- Con- : and _ || Total |News-|/Ground-| Book | Fine |andin-}| itary | struc- || Total | Con- | Bend-|Build-| Other board || paper |} print | wood J|paper!| paper | dustrial) and tion || board/|tainer| ing ing | board paper paper | tissue | paper board | board | board paper 1OZ0L ses 2% 146 103 41 3 aby 8 23 4 ff 43 Vice 2 SS aes |= ae eee 1980______ 201 137 57 4 22 12 29 6 7 64 30 17 2 15 1940__.... 255 162 57 9 25 11 39 11 10 93 50 21 2 20 ik! 51) eens 382 221 77 9 34 15 49 18 19 161 76 41 16 28 1960______ 434 243 81 10 42 19 52 24 15 191 91 51 21 28 TOG 222 2 ess. 453 249 80 10 43 22 53 26 15 204 101 51 22 30 PROJECTIONS LOO 507 272 87 10 48 23 58 31 15 235 115 64 26 30 LOS0 7s 575 302 93 10 55 27 64 39 14 273 137 75 31 30 1990s os 643 331 99 9 63 31 70 46 13 312 158 87 37 30 2000-2222. TAL 360 105 9 70 35 76 53 12 351 180 99 42 30 1 Includes coated printing and converting paper. Paper and Board Supply-Demand, August 21, 1963. (88th Cong., 1st sess., Union Calendar No. 292, House Report 693.) 1950-62, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, Pulp, Paper and Board, Annual, and Business and Defense Services Administration, Pulp, Paper and Board, Quarterly. Projections, Service. Note: Figures in columns may not add to totals because of rounding. Sources: 1920-40, American Paper and Pulp Association, The Statistics of Paper, 1960, reporting statistics published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, and Report of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Pulp, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 49 PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION TOTAL CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION OF @ | PAFER AND BOARD MT pater Ano ‘soako ; ‘| MAJOR GRADES OF === Se | PAPER AND BOARD CONSUMPTION (MILLION TONS) 4 | 3 a | | RELATIONSHIPS 8 } 15 -—-— T + | a | NEWSPRINT > 105 | 200° i S ee & | 8 vee 3 3 oo 2 al I 8 2 800 s 80 & 6 | ey FS g = j 9 | = 985 | | S | BR | R 31 BS Re) hy | < al iS = | a © $ z | - J 3s : 3 3 i || | 8 e+ | 3 8 | ie | x Q ix} = | ar | 5 = & 100 S L S eo 5S | N 60} $ = 40 S ~~ Ss MN 2 = = = < 20 = = s j a = | g § 10 N g ae g s Ee 3 < | 3 ee g $ = | OG | rae | 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 4500 1920 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000 1920 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000 ! PER CAPITA DISPOSABLE PERSONAL INCOME YEAR YEAR | (DOLLARS) 70 T leer] 200-— 4 20 | Tar sles, a ieecunhcaral T | BOOK PAPER . |_| BOOK PAPER a BOOK PAPER ~ e ] ry H £2) =-4 | § 100 =O - | $ 60 = + g |2e— = S 6 = = | § ° & sof = ae _ Soo - is} cad 0 a 40 Se L = 3 = S Ss = T i = 2 Ss 20 4. 4 4 Sea } | = 40 + —+ Ss a | S oP g S 5S of § 10 = } © 30 oe — af : = NS . | rs 6 > RK ° R ry 3 +: 3 s 3 20 lee O- FINE PAPER = io FINE PAPER ae FINE PAPER : iy kd oS 5) BSSS==== | _ 25 75 ~ 90 = = 4 = : : ; | te eo & ° S 20 | rata Se at £ 20 Ry = Tame 1 ; ¢ : S ry 2 10 iS \ S 15- see t § 20,8 x err $0.6 z Rend iS S10, pe s $0 & eee g 0.2 1p 1g | ° ie Sees aie oe 1 0.1 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 4500 1920 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000 1920 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000 PER CAPITA DISPOSABLE PERSONAL INCOME YEAR YEAR ( DOLLARS} a T 2000 ce Paste ie, lea = COARSE AND INDUSTRIAL z ~ COARSE AND_ INDUSTRIAL ~ | ; 8 7o}+ PAPER——++ g g a 5S i S S | & 60 g 5 ff S = 3 | £ 50 N = | 5 s | g 40 a FS 3 R | 8 8 & a & = iS la: 3 20 RS | & & ry = tle < of Ol 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 PER CAPITA GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT ( DOLLARS ) 1920 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000 | YEAR 55 ; SANITARY AND TISSUE ‘SANITARY AND TISSUE 50;+—— PAPER 90 e CONSUMPTION (MILLION TONS) n PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION (POUNDS) PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION (POUNDS) \ Out © 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 1920 30 40 50 60 70 80 9 2000 1920 30 40 50 6 70 80 90 2000 PER CAPITA DISPOSABLE PERSONAL INCOME YEAR YEAR | (DOLLARS ) os 200 + —T T T T 20 Te T T T T 5 T ma PA CONSTRUCTION PAPER,, Sing CONSTRUCTION PAPER > 10 CONSTRUCTION PER > 8 . 8 80 {— : : 8 : eee Ss S 1.8} 8 2 fe. = = | east, - | oe = 2 (RO ea Ss S 5 | é 2 3 16} om} E 20 22 f S : ---} | Se ae i | FS 10 = S = N i S 14 SCC ar eal 8 8 Eo. = a9 6 5 0. | = | __¢ | x > S 1.3 7 7 z 4 20.4 | = = 8 Ss 12 - - i a . e 2 0.2 } Li oe +- Py | Se Beeler el eee \ oul 0 1000 2000 3000 3500 1920 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000 1920 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000 RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION YEAR YEAR ( THOUSAND UNITS ) | Figure 23 THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 51 RELATIONSHIPS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION TOTAL CONSUMPTION 165 ‘ 400 oe 40 ah T CONTAINER BOARD 566 CONTAINER oe CONTAINER | BOARD 165 145 ie 125 105 CONSUMPTION {MILLION TONS ) PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION (POUNDS) PER CAP/TA CONSUMPTION (POUNDS) os 06 04 02 5 0 Ol 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 4500 1920 30 40 50. 60 70 80 90 2000 1920 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000 | PER CAPITA DISPOSABLE PERSONAL INCOME YEAR YEAR i (DOLLARS) 100 T T t 400 Te (nie | 40 T T T T ig BENDING BOARD BENDING BOARD [ BENDING BOARD 30 +4 200 + 20 4 4 + > -- % a Ps - 8 80 g 100 2 f 3 SS 80 Ss Ss nh | a 70 g 60 g | ee x iS | > 40 far § 60} S S & S = = 50 eo = 2 3 | 5 S S = 40 = 10 | S OH 8 = ® 30 Re 5 = 8 = | = L Se 8 } S 20 G | & CS ty 2 ev 10 v | (o} u ! 4 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 4500 1920 wd 40 50 60 70 80. 30 2000 1920 -30 40 50 60. 70 80 30 2000 I PER CAPITA DISPOSABLE PERSONAL INCOME YEAR YEAR i| (DOLLARS) | 400 | ILDING BOARD BUILDING BOARD BUILDING 200 + pe i g 100 | , gs 80 60 40. 20 CONSUMPTION (MILLION TONS) CONSUMPTION ( MILLION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION ( POUNDS) | fo} 300 600 900 1200 {500 1800 2100 1920 30 40 50 60 70 80 30 2000 ‘1920.30. 40°50 60 70 60 930 2000 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT YEAR YEAR (BILLION DOLLARS) seacees & ° ie) 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 \| GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT 1] (BILLION DOLLARS) OTHER BOARD ot + +> CONSUMPTION (MILLION TONS ) CONSUMPTION (MILLION TONS) PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION ( POUNDS) 19203040 «50 60 70 80 90 2000 YEAR | Figure 23 bo 5 Projected Demands for Most Grades of Paper and Board Substantially Above Present Levels Projections of demand for individual grades of paper and board indicate rather wide variations in rates of growth. Newsprint.—About 90 percent of the newsprint consumed in the United States is used in printing newspapers. Most of the remainder goes into comic books, handbills, shopping news, and similar items. Between 1950 and 1962, consump- tion of newsprint increased from 5.9 million tons to 7.4 million tons, while per capita consumption rose from 77 pounds to 80 pounds. Projections of per capita demand show a further rise to 105 pounds by 2000. This projected increase in per capita use, together with the assumed popula- tion of 325 million persons, indicates a total demand for newsprint in 2000 of approximately 17.1 million tons. Groundwood paper.—Most groundwood paper is used in printing catalogs, directories, periodi- cals, and books, or consumed in the manufacture of products such as sales books, office forms, and adding machine paper. Consumption of this grade has slowly increased from 0.7 million tons in 1950 to 0.9 million tons in 1962. Projections indicate a further slow increase to about 1.5 million tons in 2000. Book paper.—Book paper, including coated printing and converting paper, is composed of a large group of papers used in printing books, magazines, brochures, pamphlets, and similar items or in the manufacture of products such as envelopes and tablets. Total consumption in- creased from 2.6 million tons in 1950 to 4.0 million tons in 1962, and per capita consumption from 34 pounds to 43 pounds. Projected per capita demand in 2000 is 70 pounds and total demand 11.4 million tons. Fine paper.—Fine paper includes a variety of writing papers, manifold and onionskin papers, cover and text papers, and various kinds of index and printed cards. In the 1950-62 period, total consumption rose from about 1.2 million tons to nearly 2 million tons, and per capita consumption from 15 to 22 pounds. Per capita demand is projected to 35 pounds in 2000 and total demand to 5.7 million tons. Coarse and industrial paper.—Coarse paper is used for shipping sacks, bags, wrapping paper, glassine and vegetable parchment papers, creping papers, and envelope stock. Industrial paper is used for products such as cable paper, tabulating cards, tags, blotting paper, filter paper, abrasive paper, and special absorbent paper. Between TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES 1950 and 1962 total consumption of these papers increased from 8.7 to 5.1 million tons. Per capita consumption in the same period rose from 49 pounds to 54 pounds. Projections indicate a further rise in per capita demand to 76 pounds, and in total demand to 12.4 million tons in 2000. Sanitary and tissue paper.—This group includes tissues, towels, napkins, and related papers. Total consumption in 1962 amounted to 2.4 mil- lion tons, a million tons above the 1.4 million tons used in 1950. In the same period, per capita consumption rose from 18 pounds to 26 pounds. Per capita demand in 2000 has been projected to 53 pounds and total demand to 8.6 million tons. Construction paper.—Construction paper is largely composed of roofing felts, with smaller amounts of related building papers. Consump- tion in 1962 amounted to 1.4 million tons, about the same as in 1950. Per capita consumption in this period showed a decline from 19 pounds to 15 pounds. Projections show a continued decline in per capita demand to 12 pounds by 2000, but an increase in total demand to about 1.9 million tons. Container board.—Container board, the most important grade of paper and board in terms of tonnage, is used for solid-fiber and corrugated shipping containers. Consumption in_ 1962 amounted to 9.5 million tons—nearly double the 5.8 million tons consumed in 1950. Per capita consumption in the same period rose from 76 pounds to 102 pounds. Projections indicate a further rise in per capita use to 180 pounds by 2000, and in total demand to 29.2 million tons. Although these are large increases, the projected annual rate of growth in consumption drops from a trend level average of 4.5 percent in 1947-62 to 2.8 percent in the 1990’s. Bending board.—Bending board includes both folding boxboard used in the manufacture of fold- ing cartons and special food board used in the manufacture of containers for such items as frozen foods and hot and cold drinks. Between 1950 and 1962, the use of bending board rose from 3.1 million tons to 5.0 million tons, while per capita consumption increased from 41 pounds to 53 pounds. Per capita demand has been pro- jected to 99 pounds in 2000, and total demand to 16.1 million tons. Building board.—Previous sections have indi- eated the growing importance of building board, i.e., insulation board, hardboard, and _particle- board. As shown in the following tabulation, the primary end use for building board in 1962 was residential construction, followed by nonresiden- tial construction. f THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 53 Billion square feet, 1 End use: inch basis Residential construction________________ Let, Nonresidential construction_____________ 1.0 Upkeep and improvements______________ 6 Alleconstruction= 3... 2=-- 225552 3.3 Manufactured products______ ms a AL ore Sols Ke 6 Miscellaneous and residual______________ 2 ANIIRUSOSEy nema ee ses = ee neo Set ee en 41 There have been divergent trends in con- sumption of the three major types of building board in recent years (table 37). Insulation board, used largely for residential sheathing, has not shown much change, averaging 2.7 billion square feet per year from 1952 to 1962. In contrast, consumption of hardboard in furniture, fixtures, millwork and cabinets, doors, paneling, siding, advertising displays, lockers, and various other products roughly tripled in the same period. Use of particleboard as core stock in wood veneer and plastic-overlay furniture and such items as panels, fixtures, doors, sheathing, and under- layment also showed a rapid increase from about 105 million square feet in 1955 to over 600 million square feet in 1962. Since 1947 there has been a fairly close relation- ship between per capita consumption of building boards and per capita gross national product. On the basis of this relationship and the analysis of demands for building board for individual end uses presented in earlier sections, it has been estimated that demands for building board by 2000 will be about 3.2 times the level of 1962. Measured in tons, projected demands for insula- tion and hardboard rise from 2.1 million tons in 1962 to 6.8 million tons in 2000. Projected per capita use rises from 23 pounds to 42 pounds. TABLE 37.—Apparent consumption of building board, 1947-62 [Million square feet, 44-inch basis] Year Total Insulation Hard- Particle- board board board IQ AN Pesce ee DPM EL 2,091 186 jee eee 19502 2,512 2 284 PAPA sii eae Se OER NO 5 Dieses. 2,507 2 ,262 D4 nie. Dass O55 se 3,456 2,958 393 105 1960_____ 3,787 2,843 542 402 9 Gilat 3,936 2 , 882 575 479 G62 228 = 4,085 2. 720 760 605 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Other board.—The term “other board” includes setup boxboard used in such products as shoe boxes; tube, can and drum stock; liners for gypsum plasterboard; cardboard; wet machine board; and other miscellaneous grades. Consumption of this group of products rose from 2.1 million tons in 1950 to 2.5 million tons in 1955—a level that was maintained without substantial change through 1962. Per capita consumption also increased in the 1950-55 period from 28 to 30 pounds but sub- sequently declined to 28 pounds in 1962. Pro- jected demands show a slight rise in per capita use to 30 pounds and a total demand of 4.9 million tons by 2000. Nearly Nine-Tenths of U.S. Paper and Board Consumption Supplied by Domestic Industry In 1962 nearly 90 percent of the paper and board consumed in the United States, or 37.6 million tons, was supplied by domestic mills (table 38). Total imports, consisting chiefly of newsprint, totaled about 5.8 million tons and exports about 1 million tons. Both imports and exports have increased steadily since 1950, while net imports have shown little change. TABLE 38.—Consumption, net wmports, and do- mestic production of paper and board, 1920-2000 [Million tons] Year Consump- Net im- Domestic tion ports production 192 OSS See ae 7.8 0.6 7.2 193022 2252342 1253 2.1 10.2 1940 ee geee- 16.8 Zo 14.5 L950 se 29a 4.7 24.4 LOGOS se es 39.2 4.8 34.4 L962 soso ss: 42.4 4.8 37.6 PROJECTIONS ak: )/ {| nee eee 52.7 522 47.5 19802 an See 69.3 5.6 63.7 8S )) | pees 90.0 bi) 84.1 2000-282 a 5e2 115.5 ese, 108.3 Sources: 1920-50, American Paper and Pulp Associa- tion, The Statistics of Paper, 1960, reporting statistics published by the U.S. Department of Commerce. 1960-— 62, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, Pulp, Paper and Board, Annual, and Business and Defense Services Administra- tion, Pulp, Paper and Board, Quarterly. Projections, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 54 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES Large increases in potential demands for paper and board are in prospect in various regions of the world, according to a recent study of the FAO.?> Because of limited supplies of pulping materials in many countries and the relatively advanced technology of pulp and paper production in Canada and the United States, it seems likely that both the United States and Canada will be able to export increasing tonnages of paper and board products as well as wood pulp. Some further increases in U.S. imports from Canada, particularly newsprint, are also considered likely. The net effect of these anticipated trends would be to increase both net imports and domestic production (table 38). New Wood Pulp is the Principal Fibrous Material Used in the Manufacture of Paper and Board Some 28.6 million tons of wood pulp was con- sumed by U.S. paper and board mills in 1962— about 74 percent of all fibrous materials used by the U.S. paper and board industry (table 39). Consumption of waste paper amounted to 9.1 million tons, and other fibers such as rags, straw, and bagasse 1.0 million tons. 2% Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Demand for Paper to 1975. Rome, 1960. Wood pulp has been displacing other fibrous materials in the manufacture of paper and board. Between 1950 and 1962, for example, the use of wood pulp per ton of paper and board produced in the United States increased from an average of 0.68 ton to 0.76 ton (table 39 and fig. 24). In the same period, use of waste paper per ton of paper and board produced declined from 0.33 ton to 0.24 ton. Other fibrous materials such as straw, bagasse, and rags dropped from 0.06 ton to about 0.03 ton. On the basis of recent trends in use of fibrous materials in the manufacture of each of the 11 major grades of paper and board, it was estimated ‘that average use of wood pulp per ton of paper and board produced would rise to about 0.83 ton by 2000 (table 39 and fig. 24). Use of waste paper per ton was assumed to drop to about 0.17 ton, and other fibrous materials to about 0.02 ton. Demand for Wood Pulp May Total 91 Million Tons by 2000 Estimates of prospective wood pulp require- ments for domestic manufacture of paper and board (plus small quantities of pressed and molded pulp goods) based upon the projections of domestic TABLE 39.—F vbrous materials consumed in the manufacture of paper and board, 1919-2000 Consumption of fibrous materials Consumption of fibrous materials per ton of . paper and board produced Year ‘i Total Wood Waste Other Total Wood Waste Other pulp paper pulp paper Million Million Million Million tons tons tons tons Tons Tons Tons Tons ONO ee ae one ee ei 6.6 4.0 1.9 0.7 ee. 0.67 0.31 0.13 O29). 225 oe 11.6 6.3 3.8 1.4 1.04 .57 .35 13 MOBO oS = eee Bh Be 11.0 6.4 3.6 1.0 1.05 .62 34 09 OAS oases a 15.5 9.8 7. Way 6 LO 1.07 .68 .32 07 OAD a. ee. a Cals 19.0 10.8 6.8 1.3 1.09 62 .39 08 ilk 15] ee tee oe a ere 25.9 16.5 8.0 1.4 1.06 68 33 06 al! 5 eee Sena meena 31.8 21:5 9.0 13 1.06 fel 30 05 1960 Sen ee 35.7 25.7 9.0 1.0 1.04 75 26 03 NOG oe eee ae 36.6 26.7 9.0 9 1.03 75 25 03 1962 et sae ea oan 38.6 28.6 9.1 1.0 1.03 76 .24 03 PROJECTIONS DOT elas ae eee one 48.9 37.0 10.9 1.0 1.03 0.78 0.23 0.02 US S0CC Oi ee Seek 65.0 51.0 LOT 1.3 1.02 .80 .20 02 TOOQE Sao ere ee 84.9 68.1 15.1 eT 1.02 . 82 18 02 20002 22 Stee IN 109.4 88.8 18.4 2.2 1.02 .88 17 02 Nore: Figures in columns may not add to total because of rounding. Sources: 1919-62 United States Pulp Producers Associ- ation, Inc., Wood Pulp Statistics (annual) reporting statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Pro- jections, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 55 FIBROUS MATERIALS CONSUMED IN MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND BOARD 1.25 125 All Fibrous Material i Vem, ; = 100 = 100 ] S c FE -2 = 4 4 00 U -= i : a S eset, = All Fibrous Material 4 ¢ eP.075 ~— = 7 —* a £ yf fo] y a Q. VA 5 = 4 e =e 1050 > 50 Ae 3 S 4 i rs Waste Paper S Ly & = uf Wood Pulp a — ¢ = & ares: ‘Sle - Waste Paper ~, S “= = oo oe, gs = eZ Other be--7- 0 8 ee ee oes ese ee es QQ — ee ee 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Figure 24 production of paper and board and assumed trends in use of fibrous materials, rise from 28.6 million tons in 1962 to 37.0 million tons in 1970 *° and to 88.8 million tons in 2000 (table 39). Projected demands for waste paper total 18.4 million tons in 2000, and other fibrous materials 2.2 million tons. In addition to pulps used for paper and board, approximately 1.1 million tons of dissolving pulps were consumed in the United States in 1962, mainly for such products as rayon, cellophane, nitrocellulose, films, and plastics. Projections based on relationships between consumption of dissolving pulp and gross national product in the period 1947-61 indicate a potential rise in demand to about 2 million tons by 2000 (table 40). Projected demands for all grades of wood pulp thus amount to about 90.8 million tons by 2000— slightly more than three times consumption in 1962 (table 41). *» Estimates of the U.S. Department of Commerce for 1970 range from 39.4 to 44.1 million tons. Largest Increase in Demand Expected for Sulfate and Semichemical Pulps Consumption trends for the five major types of wood pulp used in the manufacture of paper and board, including sulfite, sulfate, groundwood, semi- chemical, and defibrated or exploded pulps, have shown striking differences (table 40 and fig. 25). Between 1950 and 1962, for example, use of sulfate pulp in U.S. mills rose from 8.4 million to 17.3 million tons and semichemical pulps from 0.7 mil- lion to 2.5 million tons. Groundwood and de- fibrated or exploded pulps showed modest in- creases, while consumption of sulfite and soda pulps declined slightly. Further substantial increases in use of sulfate and semichemical pulps have been assumed, with lesser increases for other grades of pulp (table 40 and fig. 25). These estimates were derived from the projected demands for individual grades of paper and board and estimates of the mix of wood 56 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 40.—A pparent consumption of wood pulp by type, 1920-2000 [Million tons] 2 : Defibrated, Year Total Dissolving, Sulfite Sulfate Soda Ground- Semi- exploded, wood chemical and screenings 1920 see cee eee Are | Soos Sorat es Pee 2.1 0.4 0.5 SIR 5a sere agen | = er 193 Of 2 Se we ee ler |e ees 2.6 14 | 5 ES Oi | 28 er ee | lee oes GAO Se apes Fae Shs ae 9.7 0.3 Brill 3.9 | 5 1.8 0.2 0.3 195020. Aa See see eee eo Viel sel 3.2 8.4 6 2.5 aT algal 19 G0. eee sty oo ee 26.6 1.0 ae 15.2 5 3.6 2.0 13 VO GS Aneesh rence 29.5 ite 3.0 ali feae A Bait 2.5 1.4 PROJECTIONS 1:9) ate fee ae eee 38.2 1.2 Bel 23.5 5 4.4 3.6 1.9 [OS OR e sen oe Se 52.4 1.4 3.4 33.3 5 biel 5A2 2.9 19902 22. See US 69.7 ISH, 3.7 45.4 5 isa 7.4 3.9 2000223 So eee ee 90.8 2.0 4.4 59.8 5 8.8 10.1 De2 Note: Data prior to 1940 may not add to totals because of the inclusion in the totals of wood pulps not shown sepa- rately by type. In other years, figures in columns may not add to totais because of rounding. Sources: 1920-40, United States Pulp Producers Asso- ciation, Inc., Wood Pulp Statistics, 1963, reporting statis- tics published by the U.S. Department of Commerce. 1950-62, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, Pulp, Paper and Board, Annual, and Business and Defense Services Ad- ministration, Pulp, Paper and Board, Quarterly. Projec- tions, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. CONSUMPTION OF WOOD PULP BY TYPE FITE PULP i CONSUMPTION (MILLION TONS) oO = a - = ——— — 1920 30 40 50 60 70 860 90 20001920 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 20001920 30 40 $0 60 70 80 $0 20001920 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000 YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR = + = SEMICHEMICAL PULP Luh GROUN pwooo PULP 1s DEFIBRATED OR —- EXPLODED PUL CONSUMPTION (MILLION TONS) ce] ——————E - 1920 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 20001920 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 20001920 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000192030 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000 YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR Figure 25 THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS pulps required for each grade. Since most grades of paper and board can be manufactured from a variety of pulp mixtures and other fibrous mate- rials, projections of potential use of the various types of pulp necessarily have a much larger measure of uncertainty than projections for all grades of pulp combined. Net Imports Make Up 5 Percent of Wood Pulp Consumed in the U.S. Imports of wood pulp in 1962 amounted to 2.8 million tons and exports 1.2 million tons (table 41). A rise in pulp exports is considered likely in view of prospective increases in world demands for pulp, paper, and board; limited supplies of high-quality fiber resources in the heavy pulp and paper con- suming areas of the world such as Western Europe and Japan; and the growing competitive ability of U.S. industry to supply certain grades of pulp. However, in view of the large increases in pro- jected demands for wood pulp in the United States, it has been assumed that imports will rise to an even greater extent, with a consequent increase in net imports from 1.6 million tons in 1962 to about 5.1 million tons by 2000. TABLE 41.—Consumption, net imports, and domestic production of wood pulp, 1920-2000 [Million tons] Year Consump- Net Domestic tion imports production N92 sete Ses 4.7 0.9 3.8 1193 OWES Bee ae 6.4 1.8 4.6 IQ () SRE oes 9.7 a 9.0 HO 5 BS eee Lo: 2.3 14.8 9G OES 26.6 1.2 25.3 962220 eS 29.5 1216 27.9 PROJECTIONS IOs ae ae 38.2 159 36.3 OS Orsay s 52.4 2.3 50.1 WSO Ones 69.8 3.6 66.2 ZOO0HEA He eee 90.8 5.1 85.7 _ Sources: 1920-40, United States Pulp Producers Asso- ciation, Inc., Wood Pulp Statistics, 1963, reporting statis- tics published by the U.S. Department of Commerce. 1950-62, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, Pulp, Paper and _ Board, Annual, and Business and Defense Services Ad- ministration, Pulp, Paper and Board, Quarterly. Projec- tions, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 744-350 O—65 sy) 57 Projected Demand for Pulpwood Nearly Triples by 2000 The total pulpwood required to produce the pulp, paper, and board products consumed in the United States in 1962 amounted to 52.8 million cords (table 42 and fig. 26). This included 42.8 million cords of domestic pulpwood, 1.3 million cords of pulpwood from Canada, and the equiva- lent of 8.8 million cords of wood in the form of net imports of paper, board, and wood pulp. The projections of demand for pulp, paper, and board indicate a prospective requirement for some 141.5 million cords of pulpwood by 2000.?’ It is further estimated that about 125.5 million cords, or 89 percent of these requirements, may be supplied from domestic forests, with about 16 million cords coming from net imports of pulp- wood, wood pulp, paper, and board. The volume of net imports of pulpwood, includ- ing the pulpwood equivalent of pulp, paper, and board imported from Canada and other countries, has been fairly stable since the late 1940’s. In terms of relative importance, however, net im- ports have dropped from about a third of the total U.S. pulpwood requirementsin 1940 to about a fifth of the total in 1962. A continued decline in the proportion of foreign pulpwood used in supplying U.S. markets for pulp, paper, and board has been projected to about a tenth of the total demand in 2000. Twenty Percent of Pulpwood From Plant Byproducts in 1962 Production of pulp chips from plant byproducts at sawmills, veneer mills, and other wood-using plants has increased rapidly in recent years and in 1962 amounted to about 9 million cords, some 20 percent of all pulpwood consumed at U.S. mills in that year. Unused coarse residues at primary 27In converting projected demands for wood pulp to volumes of pulpwood required, it was assumed that the average ratio of pulpwood used per ton of sulfite and sulfate pulps would decline about 10 percent from the averages of recent years of about 2 cords per ton for sulfite pulp and 1.8 cords per ton for sulfate pulp. Such declines are anticipated in response to increasing use of the higher yield hardwoods and technological improve- ments in pulping processes. For other grades of pulp, it was assumed that current ratios of pulpwood use, Le., about 2.2 cords per ton for dissolving pulp, 1.1 cords per ton for semichemical pulp, and about 1 cord per ton for groundwood and defibrated or exploded pulps, would not change significantly. TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES PULPWOOD CONSUMPTION 175 150 Net Imports Plant Byproducts Hardwood Roundwood i Softwood Roundwood Projections w” => 100 °o u Cc & 75 50 25 ll 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Figure 26 manufacturing plants in 1962 amounted to an estimated 4.5 million cords of softwoods and 2.3 million cords of hardwoods. Unused sawdust and other fine residues were equivalent to an additional 7.3 million cords of softwoods and 2.9 million cords of hardwoods. _ Although not all of these residues can be con- sidered as economically available for pulping, some increase in use of available residues is considered likely, partly because of continuing integration and larger producing units in the wood-using industries. Also, a larger production of residues is anticipated with the projected Increases in output of lumber, veneer, and ply- wood, and reduced use of slabs, sawdust, and other materials for fuel. A rise in the use of plant byproducts by the pulp industry to 20 million cords in 2000 has therefore been assumed. _ Projected demands for domestic round pulpwood in 2000 thus amount to 105.5 million cords, or slightly more than three times the consumption in 1962. Hardwoods Projected From 26 Percent of Total Round Pulpwood to 40 Percent by 2000 Softwoods composed about 74 percent of the round pulpwood produced in the United States in 1962, and most of the plant byproducts used for pulp. The percentage of hardwoods has been steadily growing, however, rising from 11 percent of the total round pulpwood produced in 1940 to 26 percent in 1962. Improvements in pulping processes, the avail- ability of large volumes of hardwoods at relatively low cost per ton of fiber, and the improvement of many grades of paper with addition of hardwood pulps have al! favored use of an increasing variety of hardwood species. Further expansion in use of hardwoods has been assumed, rising to an estimated 40 percent of the total round pulpwood output in 2000. THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 59 TABLE 42.—Pulpwood consumption, production, and net imports, 1920-2000 [Million cords] Consumption of pulpwood in U.S. mills Net imports Total of pulp, Year apparent Domestic production paper, and consumption Net board Total pulpwood (pulpwood Total Softwood | Hardwood Plant imports equivalent) roundwood | roundwood | byproducts NOZ0 2S 8.2 6.1 4.9 4.2 0.5 0.2 02 Dead 1930) = 1G 4 2 Dial 4.5 af 6 15 6.0 HIQAQ ae 2 2 18.0 13.7 124 10.8 13 co 1.4 4.3 O50 2 A Sot 23.6 20.7 16.5 2.9 18 1.4 10.0 NOS Zea 35.4 26.5 25.0 19.8 3.6 1.6 Dye: 8.9 960222 48.7 40.5 40.0 24.5 8.1 7.4 a2 8.2 H9GT = 2 50.3 42.2 40.3 24.0 8.1 8.2 aba 8.1 1962.22 88 52.9 44.1 42.8 24.9 8.9 9.0 1 3 8.8 PROJECTIONS OOM Ss = 67.5 58.0 56.5 28.5 13.5 14.5 eb 9.5 1980______ 88.5 78.5 TO 39.0 21.0 17.0 ula 10.0 19902 2-28 111.0 99.5 98.0 49.0 30.0 19.0 L.5 11.5 2000222. 22 141.5 127.0 125.5 63.5 42.0 20.0 15 14.5 Note: Figures in columns may not add to totals because of changes in inventories and rounding. Sources: Domestic pulpwood consumption 1920-62, total production 1950-62, plant byproducts production 1920-40, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Pulp, Paper and Board, Annual. Total production 1920-40 and breakdown by softwoods and hardwoods 1920-62, estimates of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, DEMAND FOR MISCELLANEOUS TIMBER PRODUCTS A variety of miscellaneous industrial timber products made up about 4 percent of the total volume of roundwood produced in the United States in 1962. Fuelwood accounted for an addi- tional 11 percent of the total. Use of Most Miscellaneous Industrial Timber Products Declining _ Over the years, the volume of miscellaneous timber products consumed in the United States has declined substantially. Not much change is expected in the future although as indicated below individual products are likely to show divergent trends. Forest Service, derived from data published by the U.S. Department of Commerce. Plant byproducts 1950-62, estimates of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, derived from data published by the American Pulpwood Association, Forest Service, and the U.S. Department of Commerce. Imports, Bureau of the Cen- ee re a States Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, nnual. Cooperage Logs and Bolts.—In earlier years of the century the volume of wood used in the manufacture of barrels, kegs, pails, and tubs made of wood staves amounted to approximately 1.8 billion board feet annually. New technology, changes in consumer purchasing habits, and new packaging techniques steadily reduced demands for cooperage. By 1962 wood use had dropped to about 283 million board feet, equivalent to 42 million cubic feet of roundwood. In 1962 log consumption in the manufacture of tight cooperage was estimated at 208 million board feet, a level somewhat below the average of recent years. The manufacture of bourbon bar- rels was the mainstay of the industry, accounting for approximately half the volume of wood used for tight cooperage. Food barrels represented nearly a third of the total volume, and chemical and other miscellaneous barrels each accounted for another 10 percent. The manufacture of slack cooperage has con- tinued to decline in recent years with wood use dropping from 272 million board feet in 1953 to about 75 million board feet in 1962. Over 80 percent of the volume of wood consumed for 60 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES slack cooperage was utilized in barrels for food, hardware, and nails. Future trends in consumption of timber for tight cooperage will depend in considerable part upon Federal regulations relating to use of bourbon barrels and to some extent on further changes in technology and shipping practices. With a con- tinuation of present regulations, it seems likely that demand for tight cooperage will show some increase. In the slack cooperage industry, on the other hand, further declines appear likely as a result of continuing competition from paperboard and other types of containers. For the cooperage industry as a whole it is estimated that future demands for cooperage logs and bolts may con- tinue to approximate the level of 1962. Poles.—Use of wood poles for utility and other construction has been relatively stable in recent years. In the period 1953-62, for example, the volume of poles given preservative treatment averaged about 76 million cubic feet annually. Total pole consumption in 1962, including both treated and a relatively small volume of untreated poles, was estimated at approximately 7 million pieces, or 92 million cubic feet. Numbers of poles in use by utility companies have steadily increased over the years with the rapid growth in transmission lines. Use of poles in farm con- struction has also been rising. In view of the anticipated expansion of the Nation’s economy and construction activities and growing needs for pole replacements, some further increase in con- sumption of wooden poles over the next few decades to an average of roughly 100 million cubic feet per year has been assumed. Piling.—Treated wood piling used in the con- struction of docks, bridges, and buildings averaged about 15 million cubie feet a year in the period 1953-62. An estimated 10 million cubic feet of untreated piling also was used annually in this period. ‘Total consumption thus averaged about 25 million cubic feet a year. In view of projected increases in nonresidential construction, an aver- age annual use of about 30 million cubic feet of wood piling over the next several decades has been assumed. Fence Posts.—Use of wooden fence posts for farm fencing and other purposes such as highway barricades and yard enclosures declined from an estimated 900 million posts in 1920 to approxi- mately 170 million posts (109 million cubic feet) in 1962. This was a result of several factors including substitution of steel and other materials, greater use of wood preservatives, and changes in farm practices and farm sizes that involve less use of fencing. On the basis of expected trends in farming and highway construction it is estimated that future use of wooden posts may continue near recent levels. Mine Timbers.—Use of round, split, and hewn | mine timbers declined from an estimated 174 mil- lion cubic feet in 1923 to 108 million cubie feet in 1950 and to 48 million cubic feet in 1962. A modest | i increase in use of roundwood in mining to approxi- mately 60 million cubic feet by 2000 has been assumed. Other Industrial Wood.—About 157 million eubie © feet of roundwood, plus an estimated 40 million cubic feet of plant byproducts, was used in 1962 — for a wide variety of products such as charcoal and | wood distillation products, shingles, excelsior, hewn ties, turnery products, and miscellaneous | farm timbers. Past trends in use of these different products have been mixed, and some further drop in demand to an estimated 140 million cubic feet of roundwood per year has been assumed. Total Miscellaneous Industrial Wood.—Total | “i consumption of the industrial roundwood products — described above amounted to 465 million cubic feet in 1962—roughly one-third less than consump- tion in 1952. In addition to these roundwood | products, an estimated 40 million cubic feet of © plant byproducts was used in 1962, primarily for charcoal. Several million tons of pine stumps also have been used each year in the production | of naval stores, and until recently, dead chestnut wood was used for tannin extract and pulp and paper; estimates for these items have not been included. Although use of most miscellaneous timber — products has been declining, it appears that in many cases trends in consumption may have leveled off, and for some products such as poles and piling future demands seem likely to increase. It has therefore been estimated that demands for | \ all miscellaneous industrial timber products com- — bined will continue at an annual rate of about 460 million cubic feet of roundwood. Demand for Fuelwood Substantial But Declining The total volume of fuelwood consumed in 1962 was estimated at 27 million cords, or 2,025 million cubic feet. This included approximately 517 million cubic feet of roundwood from growing stock, 606 million cubie feet of roundwood from other sources such as dead and cull trees, and the equivalent of 900 million cubic feet of plant byproducts such as slabs and edgings. Fuelwood cut from roundwood was used almost entirely for domestic heating and cooking. Plant byproducts — i were used both for domestic purposes and for steam power in wood processing plants. THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 61 Consumption of fuelwood has dropped sharply during recent decades as oil, gas, coal, and elec- tricity have been increasingly substituted both for home cooking and heating and for industrial uses, and it is anticipated that use of fuelwood will continue to decline. An estimated 12 million cords has been assumed for 2000, of which about 60 percent might be obtained in the form of roundwood and 40 percent as plant byproducts. SUMMARY OF DEMAND PROJECTIONS IN TERMS OF ROUNDWOOD Total consumption of the major timber products used in the United States in 1952 and 1962, and projected demands for the period 1970-2000, are summarized in table 48 in terms of the stand- ard units of measure used for each major product. Also included in this table are estimates of net imports, domestic production of major products, and roundwood used in manufacture of the domes- tic products. The projections indicate that by 2000 demand for both pulpwood and veneer logs may rise 2.7 times and the demand for lumber increase about 43 percent over the levels of use in 1962. Demand for minor industrial products, on the other hand, is projected at the same level as in 1962, while the projection for fuelwood consumption shows a continuing decline. Because of many uncertainties in projecting demands over an extended period, the projected totals for all products combined are more likely to be achieved than the projected demand for any single product such as lumber. Interproduct competition has become increasingly important over the years as evidenced by the displacement of sheathing lumber by panel products, the in- roads of fiber containers in a field formerly domi- nated by shipping lumber, and the growing use of rayon and other synthetic fibers. It is thus possi- ble that while the demand for lumber may be lower than that projected, this would be offset by stronger demands than those projected for plywood, pulpwood, and other timber products. TABLE 43.—Summary of consumption, net vmports, and domestic production of timber products in the Umited States, 1952-2000 Product 1952 Lumber: Consumption___________- million board feet !__ 41,460 INettim ports ans ha te oe do____ 14. 152 Domestic production_________________ do... - 39, 708 Domestic roundwood ?_______________ don _ 39,480 Veneer logs: Consumption__________- million board feet 1__ 3,082 INetimports:33 ©2829 es Se ou do____ 148 Domestic production_________________ do___- 2,934 Domestic roundwood_______________- do... 2,934 _ Pulpwood: | Consumption #_____________ million std. eds__ 35.4 INetiim portssees see Hees ee ee doS..2e 11.0 Domestic production________________ do____ 25-1 Domestic roundwood________________ dose.2 23:25) Miscellaneous industrial wood: 24 Consumption___________- million cubic feet __ 758 INetiimportsibe eee et te do___- (5) Domestic production________________ dos2=- 758 Domestic roundwood_______________- do... 699 Fuelwood: Consumption §___-____ = __ __-million std. eds__ 58.6 INietiim ports ae: She Sd eke Oss (5) Domestic production_________________ do____ 58.6 Domestic roundwood________________ do___- ZT. Projections 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 37 ,300 39,700 43 ,400 48 ,000 53 ,500 4,130 5,100 5,800 6,500 7,000 33,170 34,600 37 ,600 41 ,500 46 ,500 34,105 35 , 600 38 ,600 42,500 47,500 6,776 10,300 12,500 15,300 18,300 860 1,300 1,900 2,600 3,400 5,916 9,000 10,600 12,700 14,900 5,916 9,000 10,600 12,700 14,900 52.9 67.5 88.5 111.0 141.5 10.1 11.0 11.5 13.0 16.0 42.8 56.5 77.0 98.0 125.5 33.8 42.0 60.0 79.0 105.5 505 500 500 500 500 GN she eet ae IS Se pes Se OA ea a Ye fee a oe 505 500 500 500 500 465 460 460 460 460 26.9 22.0 18.0 15.0 £220 (Et ere te SS | ee ee a | yee ae lee eee 26.9 22) .0 18.0 15.0 12.0 15.0 13:22 10.8 9.0 Tos 1 International %4-inch rule. 2 The difference between domestic production of lumber and domestic roundwood production (saw logs) in 1962 and later years largely reflects the practice of converting to pulp chips a portion of the lower grade material in saw logs. The 1952 estimate was based on a special Forest Service survey of log and lumber production. 3 Including equivalent log volumes of imported veneer and plywood. 4 Including equivalent log volumes of imported pulp and paper and board, plus plant byproducts. 5 Less than 0.1 unit. 6 Including equivalent log volumes of plant byproducts. 62 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES Some Implicit Allowances Made for New Products No specific allowances have been made in the projections for possible new uses of wood such as the manufacture of wood-based chemicals or other products that are as yet unknown. ‘The projection techniques used, however, do involve some implicit allowances for new products and new uses. Pro- jections for pulp and paper, for example, are based essentially on past consumption trends which reflect a long history of innovations of new prod- ucts and uses, such as fiber containers, tissues, industrial papers, photographic films, rayon, and a wide variety of other items. Conversely, it is also possible that advancing technology in the manufacture of products from fossil fuels or other nonwood materials may con- tinue as in the past to displace some wood-based products that are now important in the U.S. economy. Timber Products Supplied Largely From Domestic Sources Forests of the United States supplied about 89 percent of the saw logs consumed in 1962, 87 NET IMPORTS & DOMESTIC PRODUCTION OF TIMBER PRODUCTS HEE Domestic Production #3 Net Imports Saw Logs Pulpwood 2000 Hardwood Plywood & Veneer E 1962 00 ie a as ee 6 a, ee billion cubic feet Figure 27 percent of the veneer logs, 81 percent of the pulp and paper, and practically all of the miscellaneous industrial wood and fuelwood consumed (table 43); Net imports of lumber and veneer products have increased since 1952, whereas net imports of pulpwood products have declined slightly. Recent increases in lumber imports reflect some gain in advantages held by Canadian lumber producers. On the other hand, former Canadian advantages in the production of pulp and paper appear to have been offset by developing technology in the U.S. pulp and paper industry. Some further increases in imports of lumber have been assumed, as indicated previously (fig. 27). Increases in both imports and exports of pulpwood products also are considered likely, with an increase in the volume of net imports. The relative importance of such net imports of pulp- wood is projected to decline, however, from 19 percent of the total U.S. demand in 1962 to 11 percent in 2000. Considerable amounts of hard- wood plywood and veneer are imported from tropical countries and substantial further in- creases in such hardwood imports also have been assumed. Most Products From Roundwood, But Use of Plant Byproducts Increasing Practically all of the domestic production of saw logs and veneer logs has been from roundwood— logs and bolts. In the case of pulpwood, however, roundwood accounted for only 78 percent of the total domestic production in 1962, with 22 percent from plant byproducts. Of the fuelwood used in 1962, about 56 percent came from roundwood and 44 percent from plant byproducts. The total volume of slabs, edgings, and other plant byproducts used for pulpwood, fuel, or other products in 1962 amounted to 1.5 billion cubic feet (table 44). An additional 1.3 billion cubic feet of plant residues, or the equivalent of nearly 17 million cords, was left unused at primary pro- cessing plants in 1962. This included about 0.5 billion cubic feet of coarse residues suitable for chipping, and 0.8 billion cubic feet of fine residues, largely sawdust. About three-quarters of the coarse residues were softwoods, located mainly in the West and South. Expanding use of the coarse residues produced at sawmills and other manufacturing plants Is expected as wood requirements rise in the pulp and paper industry. In addition, the successful experience of some pulp producers in using saw- dust indicates the likelihood of a substantial ex- pansion in use of fine residues. Some plant THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER DEMANDS 63 TABLE 44.—Plant residues, by section, use, and type of residues, 1962 [Million cubic feet] All species Softwoods Hardwoods Section and use Total | Coarse!| Fine 2 Total Coarse Fine Total Coarse Fine North: Used for pulp____-_---__------ aS ig | etepoeen teed oer oe Oe Sig eee eee ee re ee DO ea ine pee ote os Used for fuel and miscellaneous productssss a ea eens AGG eens (Sees ee 1 eee ae =| ee 16) 1 See ee eS ae Winuscdine see een eee ee 132 61 upe 39 20 19 93 41 52 - South: Wsed for pulp-22- occu eS 2897) |eaeees =| ee sen oen lS QAQM poet 5.52 2 ee Alia, | Sea i) See eee Used for fuel and miscellaneous products! {s—2 2 ok seeeee LO! | ee ees Sener a a es | ae a Oi 2 Seta lke A Wri Se Cae ee er ELS 510 148 362 284 53 231 226 95 131 | Rocky Mountain: Wséedfor-pulpu one ee Gon ee Se eee ce 53 et fe tee ae eer | ee Se || Used for fuel and miscellaneous Products*-2 2-326 eel 13 (ee ae | (eae. enter | ec ag (i ee eae ee Wnt sediee es ee ae 195 91 104 194 90 104 1 1 Pacific Coast: Wsedtior pulp2os22-—2= 22.25 - 38 Oilee ene =| oye eee £13 || nearer | ORR | I | ca Used for fuel and miscellaneous DIOGUCtS Se= poe en ee Nol) Baie ee ee) [As Bese Fa (enero ol Versi ence Le See RD] (RG || a Wnusedmen, meh cee 435 230 205 426 227 199 9 3 6 Total U.S.: Wsed forpulp-—Ss22-5-2 32-25. = AUR a he a (A A Aer CoN e eee Lee eee Dil, Whe yseee eee cea Used for fuel and miscellaneous products@s sesso 9- oe es (AST bos | Sete tee al |p aes) ea 042 Ween eo cleeoe ene 22s |p ee eee ees a Winused ssa aes ya tet ee 1,272 530 742 943 390 553 329 140 189 1 Unused material suitable for chipping, such as slabs, edgings, and veneer cores. 2 Unused sawdust, shavings, etc., not suitable for chipping. _byproducts now used as fuel—equivalent to roughly 12 million cords in 1962—also are likely ‘| to be diverted to the pulp industry as use of fuel- -wood declines. With these considerations in | mind, use of plant residues for pulpwood was projected to increase from 9 million cords in 1962 to 20 million cords in 2000. Total Roundwood Consumption 11.8 Billion Cubic Feet in 1962 _ Estimates of roundwood consumption for dif- ferent timber products shown in table 43 in _ standard units are summarized in table 45 in terms of cubic feet of roundwood used for each product. ,_ Total consumption of roundwood in the United States has been fairly stable during the past two decades. Use of industrial roundwood, however, _ has shown an upward trend, with a rise of about 4 percent between 1952 and 1962 (fig. 28). » In 1962 the volume of all roundwood used in producing wood products for U.S. markets totaled 11.8 billion cubic feet. This included 10.7 - billion cubic feet of industrial roundwood and 1.1 -_ billion cubic feet of fuelwood. Saw logs represented by far the most important product—accounting for 50 percent of the total volume of roundwood consumed in 1962. Pulp- wood made up another 28 percent of the total, veneer logs 8 percent, miscellaneous industrial products 4 percent, and fuelwood 10 percent. Projected Total Demand for Roundwood Nearly Doubles by 2000 The estimate of roundwood volumes required to meet projected demands for lumber and other timber products rises from 11.8 billion cubic feet in 1962 to 21.3 billion cubic feet in 2000 (table 45). For industrial wood, projected demands rise from 10.7 billion cubie feet to 20.8 billion cubic feet. These projections of roundwood requirements have been calculated in cubic feet on the basis that available supplies of timber in the future would be similar in size to the timber cut in 1962 and that utilization factors—e.g., board feet of lumber produced per thousand cubic of saw logs, and square feet of plywood per thousand cubic feet of veneer logs—would not change appreciably. 64 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 45.—Summary of domestic production, net imports, and consumption of roundwood, by product and source, 1952-2000 [Million cubic feet] Projections Product 1952 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 DOMESTIC ROUNDWOOD PRODUCTION Saw logs: Softwoods4:2 222at Jes a ee 4,921 4,224 4,400 4,770 5,250 5,870 Hardwoodsss 2022 ee 1,225 1,047 1,100 1,190 1,210 1,470 Totalios= Stee eee 6,146 EpOAl 5,500 5,960 6,560 7,340 Veneer logs: Softwoods.25322-- ees e2e- 5852 249 708 1,090 1,280 1,510 1,780 Hardwoods -2=2.22sscceesase. = 178 149 210 260 330 380 Totals sso eae Sees ae ee 422 857 1,300 1,540 1,840 2,160 Pulpwood: Softwoods.....s. 28. J el Se bee eee et 4 Other softwoods....__...22..2.-.2-.-----.=- 2 Total softwoods_____________________ 2222 83 Hardwoods____________________________- eee 17 All Species. see en a ee ee cease ee : 100 Canada’s timber resources are widely distributed among the provinces. British Columbia, however, has about 52 percent of the total timber volume, about 60 percent of the total softwood volume, and more than 65 percent of the sawtimber. This concentration of the larger sawtimber sizes is re- flected in the large and increasing volume of lum- ber shipments from this area to United States markets. In 1962, for example, lumber shipments from British Columbia to the United States reached 3.0 billion board feet, or two-thirds of the 4.6 billion feet of lumber imports from all of Canada. The central and Atlantic group of provinces, including particularly Ontario and Quebec, con- tain a third of the merchantable timber, and a major part of the developed forest industries in Canada. The Prairie provinces and Northern 108 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES Territories contain about 14 percent of the merchantable timber; as a result of the relative remoteness of this region from North American markets, its forest resources are still largely undeveloped. Timber Cut in Canada About 3.4 Billion Cubic Feet Production of timber products has been steadily rising in Canada to an estimated 3.4 billion cubic feet of roundwood in 1962 (table 73). This was equivalent to about 30 percent of the roundwood produced in the United States. Exports to the United States in 1962 included nearly half the lumber produced in Canada, 60 percent of the paper and board, and 2 percent of the plywood. In terms of roundwood used in making timber products, more than half the total production in Canada in recent years has gone into products exported to the United States. Allowable Annual Cut in Canada Could Be Tripled Potential future production by Canadian forest industries is substantially greater than recent levels of output, according to findings of the Forestry Study Group of the Royal Commission TABLE 73.—Production of forest products in Canada and exports! to the United States, specified years, 1930-62 All products 2 Lumber Pulpwood Wood pulp Year Produc- Exports Produc- Exports Produc- Exports Produc- Exports tion to U.S. tion to U.S. tion to U.S. tion to U.S. Billion Billion Billion Billion Million Million Million Million | ‘cu. ft. cu. ft. bd. ft. bd. ft. cords cords tons tons 1930s 2c fuer ceenstese 2.5 0.7 4.0 ited 6.0 he 3.6 Ont WOAQIS 2h, Fo. eo Se ee 2.7 a 4.6 eh 8.7 1.4 5.3 8 IO 50 2a Beco aha oY 3.0 eS 6.6 3.1 13.4 1.4 8.5 abate DO Apt, eset es 3.2 1.4 6.8 223 14.8 2.1 9.0 1.6 1954__________________ 3.1 1S TB 2.8 14.7 1.6 edi det bth 15 | > eae Se OS SD 1.6 tak 352 17.5 1.9 10.7 2.0 15 Sh ae ieee 2.9 1.5 22 3.2 12.8 i23 10.1 1,8 1960. 322-22 Sie cecece 3.5 sly 8.0 Ber 16.6 abeye 11.5 2.0 L9G 28 as pec ek eee ese 3.4 1.9 8.8 4.6 15.0 2 lyagal 2.4 Paper and board Veneer 3 Plywood 4 Mise. products > Year Produc- Exports Produc- Exports Produc- Exports Produc- Exports tion to U.S. tion to U.S. tion to U.S. tion to U.S. Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million tons tons sq. ft. sq. ft sq. ft sq. ft. cu. ft. cu. ft TOS On Seed ae Cees 2.9 Fe Wiel | eee ON) Ee At) NG ewe S| oy Ree hl OC 857. |= ee UDA Os ie Maree aes eal 4.3 20) | Sa e e 58 gee ere ere eS 67 (40 | Ses BOO is ld ou See et ee 6.8 4.9 401 348 486 50 465 31 E902. ote eee eee aoe 7.2 5.0 446 402 596 57 454 25 1008 0 de peeees 7.6 5.0 510 524 890 71 375 25 10502 22ers soe e 8.5 5.3 1,568 621 1,305 81 354 21 1998. oe a eee 8.1 5.0 L181 456 1,532 42 332 17 PICO" 226 ace ee tet et ae 8.9 5.3 1,092 508 1,639 43 312 20 12, Rea le ERE Coad 8.9 5.3 1,053 682 2,052 BY. ee 23 ' Differences in product classification and reporting procedures may cause Canadian export figures to differ from Canadian imports as reported in the U:S. > In terms of roundwood used in making lumber, pulp, paper, ete. * Includes only veneer made for sale as veneer. *1/4-inch basis in 1960 and 1962; reported exports prior to 1960 are total of all thicknesses. > Including logs, poles, piling, fuelwood, ete., and equivalent volume of shingles and shakes. 6 Preliminary. Source: Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Industry and Merchandising Division. a FOREST LAND AND TIMBER RESOURCES 109 on Canada’s Economic Prospects.*? This com- prehensive study of Canadian timber require- ments, resources, and prospects indicates that Canada possesses sufficient timber resources to support an allowable annual cut by 1980 of some 9.5 billion cubic feet—nearly three times the volume of timber products cut in 1962. This estimate of the prospective allowable cut in Canada appears quite low in relation to com- parable figures for the United States, but pre- sumably reflects the fact that Canadian forests on the average are of appreciably lower inherent productivity. The Canadian study also empha- sized that this estimate of the volume of timber physically available for cutting requires economic qualification, for it is not certain how much of an increased cut could be made available at a cost that would permit it to be sold in competition either with nonwood materials or with the forest products of the United States and other countries. The situation relating to further expansion of timber industries in British Columbia also is indicated in an analysis of timber prospects in that Province recently prepared by the British Columbia Forest Service.** According to this study, in British Columbia the lumber industry has expanded into practically all portions of the Province which contain a preponderance of timber suitable primarily for lumber. In these developed areas the timber resource base has been almost completely allocated and permissible cuts almost fully committed. Since some decline in lumber production is considered likely in the coastal areas of the Province where forest industry has long been developed, it was concluded that little or no net increase in lumber production in developed portions of the Province is likely in the near future. In the more remote parts of British Columbia, on the other hand, there is still an unused allowable cut estimated at approximately 1.1 billion cubic feet annually—an amount sufficient to support an increase in pulp and paper output, for example, of possibly 7 million tons annually. Timber supply and cost conditions in these remaining undeveloped portions of British Columbia are such that primary exploitation will have to be undertaken by the pulp and paper industry, and use of the compara- tively minor portion of the timber suitable for lumber will be possible mainly as a byproduct of future integrated operations. 32 Royal Commission on Canada’s Economic Prospects. The Outlook for the Canadian Forest Industries, 1957. 3 Pogue, H. M. British Columbia Forest Service. Progress to September 1962 and future prospects of the British Columbia sustained yield forest program. State- ment prepared for the U.S. Tariff Commission. How much actual increase in cut can be achieved economically in various parts of Canada in future years will of course depend upon many factors, including the total size of the U.S. and world market for timber products, future price levels for timber and competing products, trends in wages and other costs, exchange rates, improve- ments in forest management, the success of the forest industries in developing new technologies that will reduce the costs of logging, transpor- tation, and manufacturing of timber products, and the resource development policies followed in the United States and Canada. It is concluded that even with some expansion of domestic consumption of timber products in Canada, and further increases in exports to other parts of the world, somewhat larger shipments of Canadian softwood timber products to the United States are possible, as indicated in the section on The Outlook for Timber Demands. Other Regions of the World Likely To Supply Hardwood Imports It also appears likely that other regions of the world, particularly Asia, South America, and Africa, will supply rather substantial imports, especially hardwood veneer and plywood. A\l- though information on the world’s forest resources is seanty, there is undoubtedly a huge potential flow of wood products from tropical forests. The area of hardwood forests in South America, Africa, and Asia, for example, totals an estimated 5.2 billion aecres.** Most of the tropical forests are characterized by a wide variety of hardwood species, few of which are of commercial value at present. Also, much of the timber in these forests is currently considered to be economically inaccessible. Never- theless, in view of such factors as the volume of timber in these tropical forests and growing pres- sures in many countries to develop industries based on available resources, it appears reasonable to expect increases in the flow of imported hard- wood products. 34 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. World Forest Inventory, 1958. The ) Qutlook = or Timber =~ Supplies This section appraises prospective trends in timber growth and inventories between 1962 and the year 2000 in relation to projected timber demands. These estimates of future timber supplies have been made in the light of forest conditions described in the section on Forest Land and Timber Resources, and on the assumption that levels of timber management in the future will be roughly similar to those of recent years. Some indications of possible improvements in timber supplies resulting from intensified forest manage- ment have also been included. Projections Intended as Guides to Programs These supply projections when compared with projected demands provide a measure of the adequacy of the Nation’s timber resources, and an indication of the changes in forestry programs necessary to supply sufficient raw material for the forest industries. These projections are not predictions, and it is unlikely that they will be fully realized. Nevertheless, by showing pro- spective supply-demand relationships, and long- term implications of current trends in forest conditions and programs, they provide a guide for desirable changes in forestry activities. 110 ‘ Py Me (a i \ We wigs ae Mey. 4 ont Ca 4 BY ahd, iy, eee he a i : vy) AY ie Y) rk is WE id FeO NET ; aha Wi\\ SW t : ; 4 ih Mi i} X Wei § 4 / i Vie: i, | aes : iy pelts 14 worl. ~————— A OAS * Fenty gers —— =, ; PS tees Li ye —<——$ < Oo sr ES eR, ese ae ‘ pes 2 ve Y= Le Mth APs eS 5 A number of projections made in the past have indicated that a continuation of the trends then existing would result in a shortage of timber in the United States. Partly as a result of these antici- pations, action has been taken to avoid such undesirable consequences, both by adjustments to make more complete use of available timber supplies. and particularly by greatly expanded efforts to grow additional timber. To the extent that projections disclose the need for corrective action, and such action is taken, the principal aim in making them is achieved. Projections Subject to Many Uncertainties Any long-term projection of timber supplies or timber demands is subject to many uncertainties. Longrun effects of the varied factors influencing timber growth under the many different conditions that exist in the Nation’s forests are as yet im- perfectly understood. Changes in management intensity and their effects can only be approxi- mated. Unforeseen circumstances could result in future forest conditions and management programs significantly different from those indicated by current trends. ae EE THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER SUPPLIES The reliability of projections consequently decreases the farther they are extended into the future, and each projection must be considered as falling within a steadily widening band of un- certainty. For this reason frequent and regular checking of the actual course of events is necessary to allow ample time for realinement of action programs. The target date for the projections in this section is the year 2000—a seemingly distant date but a relatively short-term target in the business of growing timber. Most of the trees that will be suitable for harvesting in the year 2000 are now in the ground, or must be established in the very near future. No attempt has been made to estimate prospec- tive supplies and demands beyond the year 2000 even though a major part of the benefits from current forestry efforts in planting, stand im- provement, and other measures will be realized after that date. It is also likely that rapidly rising populations and raw material requirements will increasingly magnify the pressure of people on all natural resources. Consequently, an analy- Liat sis extending only to 2000 will undoubtedly understate the raw material problems of the next century. PROJECTION PROCEDURES The projections of timber growth and inven- tories presented in this section have been derived for the four major sections of the country— the North, South, Rocky Mountain, and Pacific coast—through use of a “stand projection’’ procedure that is described in detail in appendix 3. In brief, the first step in this procedure required the compilation of current stand and stock tables as of January 1, 1963, for each forest region, by updating the latest timber survey information available. These tables showed numbers and volumes of trees by 2-inch diameter classes, by softwoods and hardwoods in the East, and by ownership classes in the West. Annual changes in numbers of trees by diameter classes were then computed for the period 1963— 2000, using a total volume of cut as indicated in the following section on Cutting Assumptions, and radial growth rates, mortality rates, and TABLE 74,—Sawtimber cut in the United States, by sections, 1952-2000 [Billion board feet] Allocated cut Section 1952 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 Pacifie coast: National forest________________ 2.8 7.5 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.9 Other owners_________________-_ 17.3 15.6 16.3 Lo, 15.4 15.4 NO Gah eee ee 2 ns fe 20.1 23.1 24.6 24.2 24.1 24.3 Rocky Mountains: INationalforest==—. Se 1.0 22.9 2.8 3.6 4.1 4.2 Otherkownerseteer = ee 1.4 1.6 ney 1.9 2.0 2.1: Ayre hes 5S Se ba oer a eee 2.4 3.8 4.5 5.5 6.1 6.3 South: SOftwoodsseaee setou 2 oe a. 7 8.4 10.5 14.3 19.5 26.1 iandiwoods2-ta22* 2 ok 7.9 7.0 6.9 7.6 8.6 10.1 FRO ta lays ates te eS) eS 19.6 15.4 17.4 21.9 28.1 36.2 North: . Softwoods2ee a kee 2.4 1.9 1.8 2.0 Deb 3.2 HMardwoodsoee ois ole 4.3 4.2 5.3 6.8 8.7 11.0 PO Gall eee Rr 5 oy ey 6.7 6.1 (nell 8.8 2: 14.2 United States Sottwoods=teie= 242 36.5 36.7 41.0 45.6 51.8 59.5 iMardwoods22=a)2--. 2-2 222.- 12.3 Ll 7 12.6 14.8 aig eee 21.5 HINO Gall teeta et! be eh a 48.8 48.4 53.6 60.4 69.5 81.0 iB. TIMBER TRENDS IN cutting rates by diameter classes as estimated from available survey measurements. Cutting rates by diameter classes were derived in some eases from permanent plots on which tallies showed the proportion of tree sizes cut between inventories. In other cases cutting rates were obtained from stump counts taken at the time of inventories, or from utilization studies on sample logging operations. In addition to these vari- ables the projection procedure requires estimates of numbers of trees growing into the 2-inch diameter class each year. This projection procedure also provided for annual or periodic modification of these input variables in response to prospective changes in stand conditions resulting from the expected development of stands or from changes in manage- ment or cutting assumptions. Thus modifications in net growth rates to reflect changes in prospec- tive basal area, mortality, and ingrowth, for example, were made throughout the projection period. CUTTING ASSUMPTIONS The total volume of sawtimber cut each year of the projection period was established for each THE UNITED STATES section and region by a judgment allocation of the projected “‘timber cut’ for the United States described in the section on The Outlook for Timber Demands. These allocated cuts, shown in tables 74 and 75, were based upon such factors as past trends in output of timber products and other considerations, as follows: (1) In the Pacific coast section, it was assumed that the presently estimated allowable cut on national forests and other public lands, and the estimated prospective cut on private lands based on past trends in cutting and anticipated changes in growth and inventories, would be fully utilized over the projection period. (2) In the Rocky Mountain section, it was assumed that cutting on the national forests would rise to about 90 percent of the prospective allowable cut by 1980 and to 100 percent by the year 1990. For other public and private lands an estimate was made of the prospective cut based on trends in cutting and available inventories. (3) In the East, the projected cuts of softwoods and hardwoods for all ownerships combined were calculated as residuals by deducting the allocated cuts for western sections from the total national TABLE 75.—Growing stock cut in the United States, by sections, 1952-2000 [Billion cubic feet] Allocated cut Section 1952 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 Pacifie coast: National forest-___.......--.-- 0.5 lee? 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 Other*owners = se 2.8 2.4 Dei. 2.8 2.9 3.2 Totals ye ee Ao eee 3438 3.6 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.7 Rocky Mountains: National forest________________ 5D | 3 5 7 8 8 Other owners__________________ a2 3 BS 4 4 4 TiGtalt. <1 olsen eee 4 6 8 ital 1.2 1.2 South: SOltwoods >. Base. ee ose ee Ssh. | 25 2a | 3.6 5a 7.4 Hardwoods. 2). 2252 Ao ae 2.0 LA 1.9 | 232 2.8 } Sei PROGRES sre oes ene eee 5.1 4.2 4.6 5.8 7.9 1130 North: Soltwoods= 3-8». Wu. 3 Se | a 6 a5) 6 9 Ib ay. Miardwoods( 2222. ..02 55-802). 13 Lee 1.5 2.0 2.6 3.4 Total wen. een 2.0 Te: 2.0 Zn 3E5 4.6 United States | SOltwO0ds 22k ry ee Ta5 Te? 8.0 9.4 11.4 14.4 Hardwoods. 8... 9.22 9-2 es 3.3 2.9 38.5 4.3 Bed, (ew Totale. 224ie> Sere eS 10.8 10.1 15 See 16.9 21.6 | | | ' THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER SUPPLIES projected cut. These residual cuts were allocated between the North and South on the basis of prospective timber supplies in these sections. LAND USE AND MANAGEMENT ASSUMPTIONS In projecting timber growth and inventories it is apparent that assumptions as to areas available and levels of protection and other management activities will have major impacts on the timber supply outlook. Gains and Losses of Forest Land Assumed To Balance by 2000 During the past few decades the area of com- mercial forest land has increased slightly, as pointed out in the section on Forest Land and Timber Resources. Additional net increases in forest land areas in the near future also are indi- cated in a recent U.S. Department of Agriculture study of projected land-use requirements.” This study concluded that approximately 50 million acres of cropland may be retired from agricultural production by 1980. Possibly several million acres of this land might be planted to trees or revert naturally to forest, with the remainder devoted to other uses. In contrast to such gains in forest area, con- tinuing diversions of forest to other uses such as residential areas, industrial sites, highways, air- ports, reservoirs, and transmission lines will be necessary to service the Nation’s rapidly growing population. Thus, possible gains in forest area in the next two decades appear likely to be offset by losses of forest in the latter part of this century. It was therefore assumed for the purpose of devel- oping growth projections that the Nation will have approximately the same amount of com- mercial forest area in 2000 as in 1962. Continued Effectiveness of Fire Control Assumed In long-range projections, the regeneration rate, 1.e., the number of trees from both natural and planted sources growing into the 2-inch diameter class each year, is an important growth factor. Much of the recent improvement in timber growth has been due to high regeneration rates since the 3 U.S. Department of Agriculture. Land and Water Resources. Washington, D.C. May 1962. 113 AREA BURNED AND FIRE CONTROL EXPENDITURES 20 Area million acres S| 160 Expenditures 120 (1 957-59 Dollars) 80 million dollars 40 0 1950 1955 1960 1965 Figure 49 1930’s resulting from both increased fire protection and tree planting. Outstanding progress has been made in recent years in extending fire protection and reducing the area burned annually (table 76 and fig. 49). Areas burned in 1960-62, for example, averaged about 3.9 million acres a year, or 0.51 percent of the total forest area. This reduction in area burned greatly increased the regeneration rates and the number of seedlings that survive to grow into the 2-inch diameter class each year. This increase in sapling ingrowth due to high natural regeneration rates has ac- counted for a large part of the improvement in timber growth since the 1950’s. In projecting timber supplies, it was assumed that protection efforts would continue at approximately recent levels. 114 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 76.—Expenditures for forest fire protection, area protected, and area burned, 1950-62 | Expenditures | Forest area — |Forest area Year for fire | protected ! burned ! protection | Millions of | 1957-59 | Million Million dollars | acres acres 1950___ 7A | 558 1d.5 1951_- 70 561 10.8 1952____| 78 566 14.2 1953____ 78 571 10.0 1954 85 585 8.8 1955____| 80 589 8.1 1956____| 90 | 592 6.6 1957____| 93 593 S54 1958____| 99 | 594 3.3 1959 107 741 4.2 1960____| 124 745 4.5 1961____| 143 755 3.0 1962___ 153 | 754 4.1 1 Includes both commercial and noncommercial forest lands. Recent Levels of Management Also Assumed Tree planting activities expanded rapidly during the 1950’s to a peak of 2.1 million acres in 1959, followed by a decline to 1.4 million acres in 1962 (fig. 50). In the period 1957-61 about 26 percent of the total planting was attributable to the temporary influence of the Soil Bank tree planting program. In projecting growth it was assumed that planting and natural regeneration rates would continue at approximately the level of 1962. Stand improvement work, including such measures as thinnings and cull tree removal, covered an estimated 1.7 million acres in 1962. AREA PLANTED BY SECTION 2.5 an 2.0 Ss Total S15 South Ss 1.0 Pacific = Nec Coast 5 Rocky 0 ————_— Mts. 1950 1955 1960 1965 Figure 50 Continuation of this level of stand treatment programs was assumed in developing the growth projections described below. TIMBER SUPPLY OUTLOOK IN PACIFIC COAST The Pacific Coast States of Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, and Hawaii have 70 million acres of commercial forest land. Although this represents only 14 percent of all commercial forests in the United States, the Pacific coast has 55 percent of the Nation’s total sawtimber volume, and 66 percent of the softwood saw- timber inventory (fig. 51). Some areas of com- mercial forest in this section are of low growth capability, but almost 56 percent of the total area is capable of producing more than 85 cubic feet of timber per acre per year. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF FOREST RESOURCES IN THE PACIFIC COAST STATES Area Sawtimber Volume Growing Stock Volume Sawtimber Cut Sawtimber Growth (In Percent of U.S. Total) Figure 51 F-483 766 Old-growth stands provide the major part of the timber cut on the Pacific coast. This section also has been supplying about 59 percent of all the softwood lumber produced in the United States, virtually all of the softwood plywood, and one-fifth of the woodpulp. About 62 percent of the total softwood sawtimber cut in 1962 was from the Pacific coast. Because of the large volume and relatively high quality of the remaining timber inventory, this section will continue to supply a large share of the Nation’s wood products for decades to come. Total Projected Cut on Pacific Coast Increases Slightly _In 1962 about 23 billion board feet of saw- timber was cut in the Pacific Coast States (table 77). Under the cutting assumptions described earlier in this section the projected cut would rise slightly to about 24 billion board feet by the year 2000 (fig.52). This isa much smaller increase than has been projected for any other section of the country. The reason is that the Pacific coast Is already carrying a major share of the total cut in the Nation—a situation both possible and desirable because of the huge inventory of sawtimber still available in this part of the country. Increases in Cut Anticipated on Public Lands On the national forests of the Pacific coast the projected cut increases about 19 percent in the period 1962-2000—from an actual cut of 7.5 billion board feet to 8.9 billion board feet, Inter- national \-inch rule. Part of this increase is due to the expectation that by 1980 the actual cut will rise to the presently estimated allowable cut of 8.5 billion board feet for all areas including coastal Alaska. Part is due to an expected increase in use of thinnings or other material not now included in the regulated cut. Some of the increase arises from differences between the Seribner rule used locally in establishing the allowable cut and the International %-inch rule used in this report. The projected cut on lands other than national forests decreases about 1 percent between 1962 and 2000—from 15.6 billion board feet to 15.4 billion. However, these overall figures hide di- verse trends in the projected cut for the several owner groups and in subsections of the Pacific Coast States. In Oregon and Washington, for example, lands managed by other public agencies such as the 116 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 77.—Timber cut, net growth, and inventories of sawtimber and growing stock in the Pacific coast, by ownership, 1952-2000 SAWTIMBER IN BILLION BOARD FEET Projections Ownership 1952 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 National forest: Cutt te see eeu eee Sac 2.8 =D 8.3 8.5 S57 8.9 Net orowths.< 2225222452250 5- Biny .5 3.9 4.3 5.0 5.6 TMNVEN tonya oso oe ae a he 814.3 797.9 761.0 717.0 678.0 643 .0 Other lands: Cite tae ee ee ee eee 17.3 15.6 16.3 iG er( 15.4 15.4 Neterowth 22225 <:2 7.4 10.0 10.9 11.9 12.4 12.6 - TE rentOrys ee creer Che Soares 692.9 598.7 554.0 508.0 473.0 444.0 otal: Cubase sass eo eee re Se es 20.1 23.1 24.6 24.2 24.1 24.3 INetiprowths 292-2 - sw e 10.6 13.5 14.8 16.2 17.4 18.2 Inventory eee east nee esas 1,507.2 1,396.6 1,315.0 LeZ2Zon0 ison) 1,087.0 GROWING STOCK IN BILLION CUBIC FEET National forest: CUBS ae eet ei pee 0.5 Be 14 ed! 1.4 1665 Nettgrowth. 22-2 = 222s Soe ay 8 9 1.0 ikeal bey IMVentOnys- 2225 SSS 143.9 143.4 140.0 136.0 134.0 131.0 Other lands: Cte ee eine eS te 2.8 A pas 2.8 2.9 32: INetigtowth= 2st 5: So 1.9 33 Zao. 2h 2.8 279 Inventoryc= =. 5244225) 9= a2 E252 15:2 1A BRO 112.0 111.0 109.0 Total: Clitse2 2 See es See eee 3.3 6 ya | 4.2 4.3 4.7 Net. growth. 222222 s252 28228 2.6 call 3.4 3.7 3.9 4.1 Inventory. 2. 2-322 269.1 258.6 253.0 248.0 245.0 240.0 Bureau of Land Management, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the States of Washington and Oregon make up 17 percent of the commercial forest area. The cut from these lands is pro- jected to increase from 2.5 to 3.3 billion board feet between 1962 and 2000 because of expected improvements in growth rates, more complete utilization of all species, and early achievement of full allowable cuts. These lands are managed under policies similar to those applied to national forests, and allowable cuts are designed to assume orderly conversion of the predominantly old- growth sawtimber inventory. Allowable cut estimates for both national forests and other public lands also have been calculated in such a way as to allow for the grow- ing importance of competing uses of forest lands. Allowances have thus been made for impacts of landscape management on timber output on those areas being specially handled to maintain scenic values, and for key recreation areas, roads, and other uses that will occupy portions of the com- mercial forest land. Many such modifications in use of timberlands have already taken place and other changes in forest use are still under con- sideration in the Pacific coast area. i Declining Cut Expected on Private Lands On private forests, which have been providing a major although decreasing portion of the total Pacific coast cut, future cutting is expected to decline by an estimated 12 percent by 2000. In California, the projected cut drops by 86 percent and in Oregon by 9 percent by the year 2000. In Washington, on the other hand, the private cut is estimated to increase by 34 percent by 2000 because of the large area of young saw- timber stands reaching merchantable size. Those trends in cutting must inevitably be | reflected in many shifts in industrial plant loca- © tions. In many areas there is now an excess of © installed capacity of sawmills and plywood plants. Recent expansion of timber sales on public lands has partially offset the depletion of private — timber and stabilized many local situations, but — in other areas this has not compensated for the decline of private timber supplies. Drastic re- ductions of log supplies in western Washington © over the past two or three decades led to a shift THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER SUPPLIES ag SAWTIMBER GROWTH, CUT, AND INVENTORY IN THE PACIFIC COAST | NATIONAL FOREST OTHER TOTAL | 30 Cut een a eeeeeee 20 a Sls aa sono s [S22 soe eee pees Cut Coa eae a. Net Growth 10 — | a ee ee hi Net Growth 3 VA A | a: Net Growth oc oS 0 | °o f -2 1600 (= ; = Se Inventory s een | 1200 te | ws wee | Inventory | 800 SS OS i] ee a Inventory =e, 400 So, 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Figure 52 of mill capacity to western Oregon, but cutting has now reduced the inventory on western Oregon private lands to the extent that existing industrial capacity cannot be maintained there. Within the near future a sizable expansion of industrial capacity in western Washington again appears possible because of a continuing buildup of young stands on private lands cut over in the past century. Size of Available Timber Expected To Decline In the conversion from old-growth to young growth operations, the size of timber cut on the Pacific coast will necessarily decline. In 1962 nearly two-thirds of the total cut was produced from trees 25 inches in diameter and larger— compared with a projected 27 percent in 2000 (table 78). TABLE 78.—Distribution of tumber cut on the Pacific coast, by diameter classes and by ownerships, 1962 and 2000 All National Other Diameter at | ownerships forests lands breast height 5 (inches) 1962 | 2000 | 1962 | 2000 | 1962 | 2000 Per- | Per- | Per- | Per- | Per- | Per- cent cent cent cent cent cent 5.0-11.0 ___- 13 3 5 17 11.0-15.0____ 5 15 4 6 6 19 15.0-19.0___-_ 6 16 5 9 6 20 19.0-29.0___- 20 29 23 28 19 29 29.0+_______ 64 27 65 52 63 15 Total_o<.| 100 100 100 100 100 100 118 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES The anticipated drop in the proportion of such larger timber in the cut from non-national forest lands, from 63 percent in 1962 to 15 percent in 2000, is particularly important, since two-thirds of the total log harvest in this section is expected to be still coming from these lands in 2000. These prospective declines in average size of timber harvested will require continuing adjustments by the timber industries. About 35 Percent Increase in Sawtimber Growth Projected by 2000 Forest management efforts in the Pacific Coast States in recent years have consisted mainly of harvesting methods designed to assure regenera- tion, intensive fire protection, measures to reduce losses from insects and diseases, and the planting and reseeding of about 200,000 acres annually. Projections of net growth were made on the assumption that these recent levels of management would continue. With this management assumption, and the allocated cut indicated previously, sawtimber growth is projected to climb steadily during the rest of the century from 13.5 billion board feet in 1962 to 18.2 billion board feet in 2000—a rise of nearly 5 billion board feet (table 77 and fig. 52). This rapid upswing of net growth reflects in the main the past liquidation of old stands having little net growth and their replacement by young, vigorous stands that have reached or will reach sawtimber size before the year 2000. Cutting of private timber has been going on longer and has been heavier than the cut on public lands. Hence the buildup of sawtimber growth is mainly con- centrated on nonnational forest lands, reaching 12.6 billion board feet by 2000, compared with 5.6 billion board feet on national forests. These projections for the Pacific coast section indicate that by 2000 the sawtimber cut will still exceed sawtimber growth by about 6 billion board feet annually. However, as conversion from an old-growth to a young growth economy will be still continuing throughout this period, it is not necessary that growth equal the cut in this century. With present cutting policies it will be nearly a century before the old-growth timber is completely liquidated on the public holdings. Projected Sawtimber Inventories Decline More than 20 Percent by 2000 Under the cutting and management assumptions adopted, sawtimber inventories in the Pacific coast section are projected to decline from 1,397 billion board feet in 1962 to 1,087 billion board feet in 2000. In the forests of western Washington and Oregon, which contain half the sawtimber on the Pacifie coast, growing stock could be reduced by an estimated one-third under current levels of management, and by considerably more with intensified management, and still sustain a rela- tively high level of cut. This outcome would of course be contingent upon harvesting practices that result in a desirable distribution of tree sizes while the reduction in volume is taking place. As in the case of timber cut, sizable changes in the size distribution of timber inventories are in prospect. Volumes in trees over 29 inches in diameter, for example, drop from 43 percent of the total 1962 inventory on national forests to 27 percent of the projected inventory in the year 2000 (table 79). On other lands the projected volume in these larger diameters drops from 36 percent in 1962 to 7 percent by 2000. It is evident, therefore, that by 2000 the conversion of old-growth forests will have progressed considerably further on private holdings than on the national forests. TABLE 79.—Distribution of inventory volumes on the Pacific coast, by diameter classes, 1963 and 2000 All National Other Tree ownerships forests ownerships diameter . (inches) 1962 | 2000 | 1962 | 2000 | 1962 | 2000 Per- | Per- | Per- | Per- | Per- | Per- cent cent cent cent cent cent 5.051120. 12 21 10 18 14 26 11.0-15.0___- le 20 10 16 14 24 15.0-19.0__-- 1 7 10 14 12 20 19.0-29.0___- 26 24 27 25 24 23 29:0sR oes. Se 40 18 43 27 36 7 Total____| 100 100 100 100 100 100 | With present levels of management, average — net growth rates for sawtimber on the Pacific coast, particularly in the national forests, are — expected to remain relatively low over the pro- — jection period because of the large area remaining ~ in old-growth and continued heavy mortality losses, as shown by the following tabulation of growth as a percent of inventory: National Other Year: forests properties 19 6 20s ok ee 0.44 1. 67 2000 Shee eee asec eee 87 2. 83 THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER SUPPLIES 119 Timber Supplies Could Be Substantially Increased In addition to having the highest average site capacity and the greatest timber volume in the United States, the Pacific coast offers outstanding possibilities for increasing usable wood supplies above projected levels. Action along five lines, described below, could be taken to inerease wood supplies. (1) Closer utilization.—In spite of outstanding progress in utilizing timber in logging operations, nearly 400 million cubic feet of logging residues, including 1.5 billion board feet of material in- cluded in the sawtimber inventory, have been left behind annually on logged-over areas on the Pacific coast. An additional 230 million cubic feet of unused coarse residues also are available annually at sawmills and other manufacturing plants in this section. These woods and mill residues are primarily suitable for the pulp and paper industry. Greater salvage of dead timber also could aug- ment available timber supplies. In 1962 about 393 million cubic feet of the timber harvest in this section came from dead and cull trees, or about 11 percent of the total roundwood pro- duction. Although this figure is large, it repre- sents only part of the potential salvage. There is a backlog of about 10 billion cubic feet of salvable dead and cull timber in the Pacific coast section. Part of the annual mortality loss, which totals about 1.8 billion cubic feet per year, adds regularly to this backlog. Salvage opportunities are particularly promising in western Oregon and Washington, where the average annual mortality in old-growth stands is more than 350 board feet per acre, mainly in big Douglas-fir and hemlock trees. At present about a fourth of the salvable dead timber in old-growth stands is within a quarter-mile of existing roads. Further increases in usable timber supplies might be achieved by changes in utilization standards and practices. For example, if utiliza- tion were to improve to a point where trees down to 9 inches were utilized, and if the width of the saw kerf were reduced in manufacturing lumber, the yield of timber products could be increased rouguly 11 percent. (2) Cultural treatments.—Relatively little work has been done in thinning and otherwise improving Pacific coast stands, although this is a highly Important means of raising timber yields in both the immediate future and in the long run. In western Washington and Oregon alone, there are _ 5 million acres supporting young stands in which commercial thinning would make possible an in- _ crease in the log harvest. This area could produce an estimated 1% billion board feet annually of usable wood from thinnings, without reducing the final harvest from these stands. There are also opportunities to increase the quantity and quality of yields beyond the year 2000 by cultural work in younger stands. (3) Accelerated regeneration.—Almost 16 million acres in the Pacific coast—or 22 percent of the commercial forest area—is either nonstocked or poorly stocked. Planting of the better sites on these areas would make possible a higher level of future yields. Shortening the regeneration period after logging also would permit some immediate increase in the annual allowable cut. (4) Improved protection.—Fires still kill about 0.7 billion board feet annually on the Pacific coast, despite increased intensity of fire control in recent years. In ponderosa pine stands, both insects and dwarfmistletoe also cause serious losses. Increased protection efforts to control fires, dwarfmistletoe, and other pests could add significantly to future timber yields. (5) Road construction.—Intensive timber man- agement requires an adequately developed road system, but many old-growth stands on the Pacific coast are not yet accessible. Even areas that were logged several decades ago are often inaccessible for thinning or other cultural work because logging roads were not maintained or because railroads were used in logging and then abandoned. In national forests in California only half of the basic road system has been completed. In Washington and Oregon access roads are inadequate on about one-third of the national forest land. Realization of projected cuts on the Pacific coast will require road construction in the national forests at a sufficiently rapid rate to permit a substantial increase in the timber harvest from high-risk areas, salvable dead trees, and com- mercial thinnings. Through such accelerated management and development measures annual timber growth in the Pacific coast section might eventually be very. substantially increased, as indicated by the following growth estimates: Growing stock Sawtimber (billion cu. ft.) (billion bd. ft.) 1962) oe acne ees Bee Sil 13.5 Projected 2000__________ 4.1 18.2 Longrun realizable_______ 5.0 23.0 Much Depends on How the Public Timber Is Managed In the past most of the timber cut in the Pacific coast has come from private lands, and this situa- tion is expected to continue between now and 120 TIMBER TRENDS IN 2000. However, the cut on public lands in the long run may equal or exceed the cut from private lands in supplying industrial wood. About 70 percent of the sawtimber volume in the Pacific coast is on national forests and other public lands, and 60 percent of the commercial forest area is publicly owned, as shown by the following tabula- tion: Percent of Percent of sawtimber commercial volume forest area Ownership: National forest__________ 57.1 46.4 Other Federal________ Ba State-and Jocale= ue -2-s 13.3 13.6 Forest industry ________-_ LT of 17.6 Farm and miscellaneous__ 11.9 22.4 Total. 28: -22 552 tke - 100.0 100.0 TIMBER SUPPLY OUTLOOK IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS The 66 million acres of commercial forest in the Rocky Mountain section make up 18 percent of the commercial forest area in the United States (fig. 53). They contain 17 percent of the Na- tion’s inventory of sawtimber—roughly equal to the volume in the South. During the past decade this section has contributed about 5 percent of the total cut in the United States. Parts of the Rocky Mountain forest area have long supported substantial forest industries, and in some areas there is now more industrial plant capacity than can be kept supplied with logs with current levels of timber management. This is the situation in the Inland Empire of northern Idaho and western Montana and much of the pine area of the southern Rockies. However, the main range of the Rocky Mountains is still a frontier area insofar as industrial capacity is con- eerned. As a result, of all the sections in the United States, the timber resource is least de- veloped in the Rocky Mountain States. Thus in Washington and Oregon the annual sawtimber cut is 1.8 percent of the inventory; in the Rocky Mountains it is 0.9 percent. Considerable Increase in Cut Anticipated in the Rockies The assumed allocation of timber cut in the Rockies rises from an actual cut of 3.8 billion board feet in 1962 to 6.3 billion board feet in 2000—an increase of 66 percent (table 80 and fig. 54). As indicated in the section on cutting as- sumptions, this includes the prospective cut on THE UNITED STATES RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF FOREST RESOURCES IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN STATES Area Sawtimber Volume Growing Stock Volume Sawtimber Cut Sawtimber Growth (In Percent of U.S. Total) Figure 53 private lands; on national forests it includes a © buildup of the timber harvest to the estimated allowable cut by 1990. In the period 1952-62, the sawtimber cut in the Rocky Mountains rose 58 percent, or 1.4 billion board feet. This was in contrast to a decline in cut in the South and North, and an increase of 15 per- cent or 3 billion board feet on the Pacific coast. — The projected increase in cut in the Rocky ~ Mountains is large, but it still represents a rela- tively modest rate of use of the timber inventory. In 1962 the cut of 2.2 billion board feet on the national forests was only 0.7 percent of the saw- timber inventory. This is projected to 1.2 per- —: cent of the inventory by 1980 and to 1.5 percent — | by 2000. tT Numerous Areas in Rockies Currently Inoperable Many parts of the Rocky Mountains are still unsuited for commercial logging at present price il oc F-479277 Much of the forest in the Rocky Mountains is still undeveloped. and cost levels because of lack of roads, rough mentofmoreclosely integrated industries producing topography, and low volumes of timber per acre. plywood and woodpulp as well as lumber. Much of the land classed as commercial is of relatively low timber growing capacity. The feasibility of logging in this section will certainly breve: a ne road system in the national forests Projected Cut Exceeds is extended. ut a major expansion of road con- struction will be required to make the entire Growth Through 2000 forest area accessible. With present levels of appropriations, no more than 70 percent of the planned national forest road system would be Growth of sawtimber in the Rocky Mountain completed by the year 2000. section was only slightly less than the cut in 1962. The current allowable cut on national forests If the cut rises as projected, however, by the year in this section is also limited by the need to pro- 2000 the timber harvest would be about 1%; billion tect recreation and watershed values. Outstand- board feet higher than the growth. This would ing scenery, wildlife, and other outdoor attractions be an acceptable situation until such time as the require modification of timber growing plans in — sawtimber inventory is reduced to levels required many localities. In addition, many steep, un- for sustained yield. Between 1962 and 2000 the | stable slopes that would “unravel” if logged, or | sawtimber inventory would drop about 10 | are difficult to regenerate after logging, cannot be percent under the conditions projected. considered operable under present technology. The cut allocated to the Rocky Mountains There are, on the other hand, a number of — during the remainder of this century is predicated factors favoring an expansion of cutting in the on the large reserve of merchantable timber in Rockies. Population growth in the West is im- this section, much of which is overmature and proving markets for Rocky Mountain timber. subject to heavy mortality losses. Except for | Installation of more efficient sawmills in some protection, current management efforts will not | eases could improve the competitive strength of significantly increase the amount of timber that the lumber industry. And trends in manufac- could be made available for cutting during the turing technology and marketing favor establish- _ rest of this century. 744-350 O—65—_9 122 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 80.—Timber cut, allowable cut, net growth, and inventory in the Rocky Mountains, 1952-2000 SAWTIMBER IN BILLION BOARD FEET Projections Ownership 1952 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 National forest: Wate see aN ie aes 1.0 21312 2.8 3.6 Ail 4.2 Allowablevecuts:-= <2 2s 2s 3.6 3.6 BiH | 3.9 4.1 4.2 Grows 2 )- =, ae epee eee en gres 253 Zao 2.6 2.9 Bail 3.3 InventoLyc..{ 2208 32s -csee See 283.3 304.5 301.0 297.0 289.0 279.0 Other lands: . Cutts. 26 aie Bie wee a heey} 1.6 bats 1.9 2.0 PAs Al Growtht seas c2ue eee See 1.0 t lgega 1.3 1.4 T3e) 1.5 Inventory 2 ean ee eee 131.7 113.9 115.0 110.0 105.0 100.0 Total: Cutt 2 Sen eee 2.4 3.8 4.25 byt 6.1 6.3 Growthtss 324s 8 oe ee 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.6 4.8 Inventory ese oe ane eee 415.0 418.4 416.0 407.0 394.6 379.0 GROWING STOCK IN BILLION CUBIC FEET National forest: Cutis. sis eet Berne eh oat 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 Allowable cut________________- nih aT ate .8 8 £9 Grow the 5. 2 ies coe ee one 6 7 6 aff att .8 [nvientoryns- a> s~ SoS 65.0 T2230 72.0 73.0 (B50) 72.0 Other lands: Cute aee PE Si 2 See SR eee ays “3 3 4 4 4 Growtheo 6 2 ee ees 2 22, “3 3 3 .3 INVentory! 2 aon te Oe er 29.9 26.7 28.0 27.0 27.0 26.0 Total: Cites ont Be coe oe ee ee ua: 6 8 feat 12 Ale: Growth. 20 222..2665--c50 0255. 8 9 9 130 50 ileal InVentORY = ..22 25282232 94.9 98.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.0 Size of Trees Cut Expected To Decline About 62 percent of the total timber cut in the Rockies in 1962 came from trees above 19.0 inches in diameter (table 81). This is projected to drop to about 42 percent of the total cut on national forests by 2000, and to 31 percent on private lands. As in other sections, continued adjust- ments of the forest industries to smaller sizes of timber, as well as to a changing mix of species, will be required. Intensified Management Necessary To Sustain Cut With present levels of management in the Rockies, the projected timber cut probably could not be continued beyond the time when excess sawtimber inventories have been liquidated. The efforts going into stand regeneration, thinning, and control of insects and diseases are not creating an adequate succession of young, vigorous, prop- erly stocked stands necessary for a sustained high level of output over the next century. TABLE 81.—Distribution of timber cut in the Rocky Mountains, by diameter classes, and by owner- ships, 1962 and 2000 All owner- National Other lands Diameter at ships forest breast height (inches) 1962 | 2000 Per- | Per- cent cent 5.0-9.0___.- 4 9.0-15.0____ 18 15.0-19.0___- 16 1:9: 0s ee 62 Total____| 100 THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER SUPPLIES 123 SAWTIMBER GROWTH, CUT, AND INVENTORY IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN STATES F NATIONAL FOREST OTHER LANDS TOTAL 8 6 7 Wines ass plot Cut hee saneeeeee i oS, 1 een etc ense ett cleans : Ta ~Net Growth aoe go eee Sf ut oO 2 = sasneeses 2 Cut Net Growth ee ae = Net Growth 3 0 pai 1500 22 2 400 ee Inventory 300 ee cn er Inventory 200 100 ee ee Inventory 0 ; Z 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20001950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Figure 54 Sawtimber growth and allowable cut might ultimately be raised to at least three times the 1962 level, even after making allowances for possible reductions of timber yields for watershed protec- tion, recreation, and inoperability of some areas. This will take time—a century and more—and considerably more management effort than has been applied so far. Particular emphasis will be needed along several lines if yields are to be increased substantially. These include the follow- ing: (1) Greater efforts in assuring prompt regenera- tion of cutover areas with the right species. Also, stand reestablishment on the more productive sites that are now nonstocked or poorly stocked could add to future yields. Basic to such progress In regeneration, as well as other management activities, is an intensification of research to solve critical regeneration’ problems, particularly in spruce, lodgepole pine, and Douglas-fir types. (2) An expansion of thinning and other cul- tural work in young stands where overstocking is a serious problem and the forest will respond to treatment. Failure to maintain proper stand densities and spacing will lengthen rotations and result in many overcrowded stands that produce little or no usable wood. (3) Extensive road construction to permit more intensive timber management and closer utiliza- tion of available timber resources. Since many proposed harvesting operations on national forests in this section cannot bear the costs of developing permanent roads, public funds will be necessary to complete a transportation system that will permit multiple-use management of the forest resources. In many areas development of im- proved and low-cost methods of logging also will be necessary to prevent undue damage to soils and watershed values. (4) Increased protection of timber from fire, insects, and disease and greater salvage of timber lost to destructive agents. Rocky Mountain Forests Predominantly in Public Ownership The Rocky Mountain States have 43 percent of all the federally owned or managed commercial forest land in the United States. About two- thirds of the 66 million acres of commercial forest in the Rocky Mountains is in national forests, and three-fourths is publicly owned. Utilization of timber on these public lands has been slight; as a result more than 80 percent of the remaining timber inventory in this section is in public ownership. The long-range development of timber resources in the Rocky Mountains is thus pri- marily a problem of public forestry. THE TIMBER SUPPLY OUTLOOK IN THE SOUTH The South has produced more timber products than any other section of the United States in the past century. It is currently the Nation’s chier supplier of pulpwood, poles, and piling. Forests of the West now supply a larger share of the total sawtimber cut, but in the long run when the western old-growth reserves have been cut the Nation must once again rely heavily upon the South. The Southern States have 39 percent of the Nation’s commercial forest land and nearly half the timber growth (fig. 55). Construction of many pulpmills in the South during the past few decades is but a preview of the industrial expansion possible in this section if the forests are effectively managed. The 201 million acres of commercial forests have several factors in their favor, chief of which are the rapid growth rates permitting relatively short rota- tions, accessibility for logging, and nearness to principal markets. On the other hand, the South has a major problem in realizing its growth potential in that a high proportion of the com- mercial forest area belongs to small owners, most of whom have shown little interest in intensi- fying timber management. Allocated Cut of Softwoods in 2000 Almost 3 Times the 1962 Cut More than 15 billion board feet of sawtimber was cut in the South in 1962, including 8.4 billion feet of softwoods and 7.0 billion feet of hard- TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF FOREST RESOURCES IN THE SOUTH Area Sawtimber Volume Sawtimber Cut Sawtimber Growth (In Percent of US. Total) Figure 55 woods (table 82 and fig. 56). With the cutting assumptions adopted, the softwood cut would triple by 2000 to about 26 billion board feet. This projected increase in softwood cut is in marked contrast to a decline of 28 percent in the softwood sawtimber cut between 1952 and 1962. In this period thousands of small southern saw- mills ceased operations in the face of expanding competition from western and Canadian lumber producers. At least part of this reduction in lumber cut must be attributed in turn to the inability of many sawmills to obtain timber of adequate size and quality. Other reasons for the decline in softwood cut included a sharp drop in consumption of fuelwood. Projected Softwood Growth Rises Until 1980, Then Declines With recent levels of forest management, and a rise in cut as projected, net growth of softwood F-414208 Young-growth stands in the South provide a base for industrial expansion. sawtimber in the South would increase from 16.9 billion board feet in 1962 to an estimated 22 billion board feet in 1980 (table 82 and fig. 56). Thereafter projected growth declines to a balance with cut in 1990, and to about 7.5 billion board feet less than the projected timber cut by 2000. Projected growth of all growing stock shows a similar trend. These growth projections are based on indica- tions that a continuation of recent levels of pro- tection, natural regeneration, planting, and tim- ber stand improvement would not be adequate to maintain the present area of softwood types. An estimated 2.9 million acres in the South have been restocking naturally to softwoods each year, and during the 1958-62 period an average of 1.7 million acres were planted or seeded with pine. Nearly 1.4 million acres underwent stand improve- ment. Nevertheless, the area of softwood types dropped almost a million acres between 1952 and 1962. With recent levels of management, it is estimated that the acreage of softwood types would continue to decrease—from 81 million acres in 1962 to 77 million acres by 2000. There are also signs that the greatly improved fire protection of recent years is building up “rough” or ground cover that may slow down natural regeneration. If this continues, an in- crease in prescribed burning and planting or direct seeding would be necessary to maintain natural regeneration rates. The increasing stocking of southern pine stands, resulting from more intensive fire protection and other forestry activities, is indicated by a 12 percent rise in average basal area per acre between 1952 and 1962. Further increases in basal area per acre (in square feet) are anticipated, as follows: All Growing live stock Year: trees trees DEAS 5 Vee ee ey ee 48 45 OG Boa m cliee hate tn apse oh 60 57 MOO eetre i che ne ee ae 75 fel NOS Oe eee SO ey Aa el av 92 87 199 Oise ees See aie. ee 104 99 PAV OC easel eo te Ny hers ap ely De ee 98 93 The projected downturn in growth of softwood sawtimber after 1980 would be due in part to the prospective shrinkage in area of softwood types, but mainly would reflect the effects of such in- creases in density of stands. Under intensified management, only about 84 square feet of basal area per acre on 74 million acres of softwood types would be required to produce the 26 billion board feet of cut allocated to southern softwoods in the year 2000. How- ever, this would require repeated thinnings to concentrate basal area on fewer stems and _ to maintain desirable spacing and age-class distribu- tion of growing stock, plus other measures to insure regeneration and limited mortality losses. 126 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 82.—Timber growth, allocated cut, and inventory of sawtimber and growing stock in the South, 1952-2000 SAWTIMBER IN BILLION BOARD FEET Projections Species group 1952 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 Softwoods: Cuts... she Ss ore ae eee LEYS 8.4 10.5 14.3 19.5 26.1 Growth w..2 sae ee eee 14.1 16.9 18.8 21.9 19.7 18.6 inventory. — 8 oaths tee enue ee 187.9 224.7 293.0 376.1 408.8 852.2 Hardwoods: Cuter sat oe eee eee TQ 7.0 6.9 7.6 8.6 OES Growth... ee eee 8.8 8.4 8.5 8.1 {baal 6.8 Inventory. 22 a0 2 Se teas See 186.2 187.3 200.3 214.3 209.3 183.5 Total: Cute area oe a eee ee ee ee 19.6 15.4 17.4 21.9 28.1 36.2 Growthe = ts S53 Se eee 22:9 25.3 27.3 30.0 26.8 25.4 INVentOnY= = = fee ee 374.1 412.0 493.3 590.4 618.1 535. 7) GROWING STOCK IN BILLION CUBIC FEET Softwoods ae rs RO a RR Saree OE 3.1 22d DAE | 3.6 Beal! 7.4 Grow he a ee 3.5 4.4 4.8 BD 5.0 4.8 Inventory 2s sos- se ae ee 52.6 62.7 80.4 99.6 109.2 92.8 Hardwoods: Ube Sd Pee eats BS oe es 2.0 a ea 139, 222 2.8 3.7 Growth... 22-2 22.522. ee Sk Bia | Bue Bin 2.9 2.8 FnVentOry<. --222vSee> 22 eee oe 67.2 71.4 17.4 87.2 90.2 86.3 Total: Cutess2 ea ee 5.1 4.2 4.6 5.8 7.9 geo al GTO Wl 2285 to a on 6.6 715 8.0 8.6 7.8 7.6 PN VentOnY .. eke y oe eee 119.8 134.1 157.8 186.8 199.4 179.1 Projected Softwood Inventories Increase Considerably Because of the excess of growth over cut ex- pected during the next two decades, the softwood sawtimber inventory in the South is estimated to rise about 82 percent between 1962 and 1990 (table 82 and fig. 56). Thereafter, with present se of management, projected inventories de- cline. By 2000 inventories would still be much higher than in 1962, but would fall short of the inventory volume required to sustain the projected cut in tree sizes comparable to those now being harvested. Thus the projected cut of softwood trees above 15 inches in diameter, for example, declines from 30 percent of the total cut in 1962 to 24 percent by the year 2000 (table 83). Allocated Cut of Hardwoods Exceeds Projected Growth by 1980 _ The projected cut of hardwood sawtimber increases from 7.0 billion board feet in 1962 to 10.1 billion board feet in 2000—a rise of 44 per- cent (table 82 and fig. 56). Growth of hardwood sawtimber in 1962, amounting to 8.4 billion board feet was slightly below the estimated 1952 growth, primarily as a result of high mortality arising from drought and the increasing density of many hardwood stands. TABLE 83.—Distribution of timber cut in the South, by diameter classes, and by softwoods and hard- woods, 1962 and 2000 Diameter at Total Softwoods Hardwoods breast height (inches) 1962 | 2000 | 1962 | 2000 | 1962 | 2000 Per- | Per- cent cent 5.0=9:0 = 15 23 9.0-11.0____ 15 21 11.0-15.0____ 31 30 15.0-19.0____ 22 7 19): Oe eee 17 9 Total_| 100 100 THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER SUPPLIES 127 SAWTIMBER GROWTH, CUT, AND INVENTORY IN THE SOUTH SOFTWOODS HARDWOODS TOTAL Net Growth =| ¢ M et Grow Sah 2 * ee Net Growth + a 2 i2== = oo Vie Be aaa. ¢ .°" oss ae area Cul oe ee a cae Net Growth o Teer? ea AA eooo" 3 2 SS rege eteee =Seememe rs Cut oh 0 °o sn -700 Cc S eee, oS Kee "s. 525 ! Kos *. Inventory oe Dlpeeniory eee se a 350 oe — of ot Inventory é 0 z 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20001950 1960 ee = 1970 1980 1990 20001950 1960 1970 = 1980 1990 2000 Figure 56 Projected growth of hardwood sawtimber, with the allocated cut and recent levels of management, rises slightly and then declines to an estimated 6.8 billion board feet by 2000. In spite of a projected increase in the area of hardwood types from 120 million acres in 1963 to 124 million acres by 2000, this trend is anticipated because con- tinuing increases in density of hardwood stands are expected to result in some reductions of per- acre growth. Numbers of hardwood trees below sawtimber size have increased considerably in recent years. As a result, basal area of southern hardwood stands has been steadily building up—by 12 percent between 1952 and 1962, for example. Further increases are anticipated as shown by the following estimates of basal area in square feet per acre: Growing Year All trees stock trees OD 25 ee, SR a ee 71 46 19692205 eee ee See 79 53 OT Ot ys Se 87 58 TOS OOo 2 ete peer ee ys 98 66 19 QQC Se ele aes ac 103 69 2000222 eee ce ae ee 105 70 Hardwood Tree Size and Quality of Major Importance Quality of logs for lumber and plywood is strongly related to log diameter, particularly in the case of hardwoods. Projections of hardwood inventories show a marked decrease in relative volumes of trees above 15 inches in diameter— from 15 percent of the total inventory in 1962 to 10 percent in 2000 (table 84). Proportions of 128 these larger trees in the projected cut also show an accompanying decline from 55 percent of the total cut in 1962 to 34 percent by 2000 (table 838). The hardwood supply situation also is greatly influenced by the quality of hardwood stands. In 1962 about 33 percent of the basal area of south- ern hardwood timber 1.0 inch and larger was in cull trees. Many other trees qualifying as “srowing stock” also contain considerable cull volume or are of poor form. With a continuation of present levels of management, cull trees and low-quality growing stock may be expected to continue to preempt a large share of the total growing space in southern forests. Growth Could Be Raised to the Level of Allocated Cut Growth of both softwoods and hardwoods more than keeps pace with the allocated cut in the South until about 1990, but thereafter falls below the rising projection of cut. By 2000 a projected deficiency of growth amounts to nearly 7.5 billion board feet for softwoods and about 3.3 billion board feet for hardwoods. Growth could be increased to this level of projected cut, but only with a considerable intensification of timber management activities. TABLE 84.—Distribution of hardwood timber inven- tories in the South, by diameter classes, 1962-2000 [Percent of basal area per acre] Projections Required | to maintain Tree diameter | 1962 | | present (inches) | diameter 1980 2000 distribu- tion of cut 1:08:92 22 Sa 56 57 63 34 9.014.922. 5 | 29 | 30 27 38 15.04 _________- | 65 18 10 28 Totalozs-| 100.| 100 | 100 100 Particular emphasis would be needed along several lines. (1) Periodic thinning of most softwood stands and many hardwood stands to control density and spacing, species composition, and age class distribution. Failure to maintain proper stand densities and spacing will result in further increases in basal area per acre and reductions in growth. (2) Conversion of hardwood stands to pine in some areas would have to be increased over present efforts so as to offset expected declines in areas of softwood types. TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES (83) Extensive stand improvement on at least 150 million acres would also be needed, especially in hardwood and oak-pine types, to reduce the excessive stocking of culls and undersirable trees and to obtain a better distribution of desirable species and tree sizes. Such efforts, moreover, would be required on hundreds of thousands of small properties which compose a major part of the commercial lands in the South. (4) Intensified regeneration efforts to assure prompt stocking of recently cut areas with the proper species. Also, increased effort will be needed to reestablish stands on the more produc- tive sites that are now inadequately stocked with trees of acceptable form and species, non- stocked, or poorly stocked. THE TIMBER SUPPLY OUTLOOK IN THE NORTH The North has about 172 million acres of commercial forest land—a third of the national total (fig. 57). This section has about 22 percent RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF FOREST RESOURCES IN THE NORTH Area Sawtimber Volume Growing Stock Volume Sawtimber Cut Sawtimber Growth (In Percent of US. Total) Figure 57 F-422477 The North is primarily a hardwood-producing area. of the Nation’s growing stock, and 12 percent of the total sawtimber. In recent years the North has provided about 11 percent of the cut of saw logs and veneer logs, and 18 percent of the Nation’s pulpwood. This is primarily a hardwood producing area, although softwoods also are important locally. Extreme diversity of hardwood species, wide variation in site capability, and large numbers of small forest properties characterize most of this section. The Allocated Cut in the North More Than Doubles by 2000 The allocated cut of softwood sawtimber in this section rises from 1.9 billion board feet in 1962 to 3.2 billion board feet by 2000 (table 85 and fig. 58). This contrasts with a 21 percent drop in cut between 1952 and 1962 that reflects such factors as inadequate supplies of large sawtimber and increasing competition from the West. For hardwood sawtimber, the allocated cut almost triples between 1962 and 2000, from 4.2 billion board feet to 11.0 billion board feet. This is again in contrast to a decline between 1952 and 1962 that also can be attributed in part to reduced supplies of higher quality timber. The increase in allocated cut in the North is much greater than for the South, mainly because the current cut in the North is so much lower than prospective supplies. Growth and Inventories Projected To Rise and Then Decline Growth of softwood sawtimber in the North in 1962 was about 50 percent more than the cut (table 84 and fig. 57). If forestry continues at recent levels, and the cut rises as allocated, softwood forests in the North would be growing more sawtimber than the amount cut for the next several decades. By 2000, however, the allocated cut would slightly exceed the projected growth. A similar outlook is projected for hardwood sawtimber. Growth of hardwoods exceeded the cut in 1962 by 5.5 billion board feet, but this excess of growth over cut would disappear around 1990 under the management and cutting assump- tions adopted. Inventories of softwood sawtimber in the North rose 8 percent between 1952 and 1962, while hardwood sawtimber volumes rose 20 percent. 130 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 85.—Timber growth, allocated cut, and inventory of sawtimber and growing stock in the North, 1952-2000 SAWTIMBER IN BILLION BOARD FEET Projections Species group 1952 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 Softwoods: Cutae oer ele eae 2.4 alee) 1.8 2.0 225 3.2 Grow the ee 52 2 ee ee 2.5 2.8 321 3.3 3.3 Beak Inventory. oe ee 61.6 66.6 75.0 89.0 100.0 103.0 Hardwoods: CUtsst esas ee ee eee 4.3 4:2 5.3 6.8 Sati 11.0 Growthesse 5202 sere eee 8.1 EE 10.5 10.7 10.2 9.7 INVentOry es eo ete eee 203.0 243 .2 286.6 333.1 359.6 358.9 Total: Outre S38 see Se ba a sek. 6.7 6.1 Mol 8.8 Na kay4 14.2 Grow thes. 7 une eee 10.6 12.5 13.6 14.0 13.5 12.8 Inventory 45 ss) ees oe es 264.6 309.8 361.6 422.1 459.6 461.9 GROWING STOCK IN BILLION CUBIC FEET Softwoods: (V) eer oe en Se eet, SIR a Ee On 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 (2, Growth}. 25.) S22 ose ese 10 1.0 12 1e2 2 ial Inventorye, os. 2S 2 = eee ae a 26.6 31.3 36.0 43.0 50.0 54.3 Hardwoods: Cupse oer ee eee 1.3 nee Lab 2.0 2.6 3.4 Grow thes soo eee 3.3 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.3 3.3 Inventory ....--2.- 22225-0322. 85.4 105.2 a Asie | 147.9 163.5 166.9 Total: Cute. 22252-2252 -oSsccs ete | 2.0 Lt 2.0 2.6 3.5 4.6 Growth.<222c22 2505-224 3 SSS 4.3 4.8 Dial! 4.9 4.5 4.4 INVeNtOry 26.5.5. 22022 25eehoS5- L220 136.5 key Gea 190.9 213.5 222 This buildup was primarily a result of greatly im- proved fire protection in recent decades and rela- tively low levels of cutting. A continued buildup in stand volumes seems likely, even with a rapid rise in the allocated timber cut. Thus under the conditions assumed, the total sawtimber stand by rece would be almost 50 percent greater than in 1962. As in the South, the proportion of larger size timber available for cutting decreases significantly under the cutting and management assumptions adopted (table 86). The feasibility of substan- tially raising the total cut in spite of such reduc- tions in size of available timber will depend chiefly on the ability of forest industries to adjust to smaller timber. This should not be a serious problem for pulpmills, but could be critical for the lumber and veneer industries, which depend primarily on large logs of walnut, yellow birch, hard maple, and other high-value species. Demands for Nontimber Uses Could Reduce Projected Timber Supplies The forest area available for timber production could change materially in the North before the year 2000. Expanding cities, withdrawals of land for highway rights-of-way and reservoirs, and development of forest areas for recreation all are making inroads into the forest area available for production of timber crops. Many northern States, for example, have em- barked on sizable programs of public land acquisi- TABLE 86.—Distribution of timber cut in the North, by diameter classes and by softwoods and hard- woods, 1962 and 2000 Diameter at | Total | Softwoods Hardwoods breast height | (inches) | 1962 | 2000 | 1962 | 2000 | 1962 | 2000 Per- | Per- | Per- | Per- | Per- | Per- cent cent cent cent cent cent 5.0-9.0_____ 20 17 24 29 ili 1 9.0-11.0____ 12 22 13 26 12 20 11.0=15.0.—_ 22 34 23 31 ae, 35 15.0-19.0_ ___ 23 17 21 ed 23 19 90s Se 23 10 19 3 26 13 Total____| 100 100 100 100 100 100 THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER SUPPLIES Lil SAWTIMBER GROWTH, CUT, AND INVENTORY IN THE NORTH SOFTWOODS HARDWOODS TOTAL 20 ; 3 Net Growth eal ¢@ : Net Growth oe Z : oo 10 enone tintasasn sso! ool oe TT oe oot Ae 07 Cut Prid =n, 6 o* 5 Net Growth ae oo NS [Soe 2 ae 0 1 = ey Cui 3S 0 2 600 (= 2 aoe ee Inventory—s. eee oo" Inventory~a eee es es og 300 150 Fe NS eee ae 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 Poe . ¢ @ of oO 1990 2000 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Figure 58 tion for recreational use, and while such acquisi- _ All Growing tion does not always preclude logging, some ia ee mre emer restrictions on timber harvesting on these lands 19702 2 85 15 are likely. Much of the land acquired or developed POSQ ec eke ee eee 95 84 for recreation, moreover, includes areas such as Fane Boe de oet ee eeeee ne ae river and lake borders which have relatively high productivity for timber growing. Thus available growth and inventories in the North could be significantly less than the volumes projected. Stand Improvement of Particular Importance in the North As indicated in the section on Forest Land and Timber Resources, most forest lands in the North are now fairly well covered with tree growth, although much of it consists of relatively poor growing stock trees or culls. Also, stand density is steadily building up in the northern stands and sizable further increases are projected, as shown by the following tabulation of basal area per acre (in square feet): Average stand densities of the magnitude pro- jected would involve serious overstocking in many stands and a general decline in growth rates. Thinning of stands and cull tree removal would therefore have to be materially stepped up to maintain conditions favorable to improvement in growth and quality. In many well-stocked stands on productive sites such timber stand im- provement work promises to yield early returns, particularly where pulpwood markets can be further expanded. In other cases where markets for small and defective hardwoods are lacking, such timber stand improvement work will require investments for long periods before returns can be expected. 13? Loz Increased tree planting on productive sites could add to future timber supplies in some areas. Improved protection against insects and diseases would also increase volumes of usable wood in the future, and in the case of pests such as the white pine weevil improve timber quality as well. Timber supplies in the North must be obtained largely from the 73 percent of the forest area that is In private ownership, mostly in relatively small holdings. National forests and other public holdings make up only 19 percent of the commer- cial forest in this section, and holdings of forest TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES industries 8 percent. NATIONAL SUPPLY-DEMAND RELATIONSHI PS The projections of timber demands, growth, and inventories developed in this study show changing relationships over the next few decades. Continuing problems of timber quality also are in prospect as a result of a gradual shift of a large part of the cut from old-growth stands and larger trees to younger growth. Timber Supplies Exceed Projected Demands for Two or Three Decades But Not in 2000 The cut of softwood sawtimber in 1962, amount- ing to 36.7 billion board feet, was about equal to the growth, but was much less than the estimated “supply” of 48.5 billion board feet. This “supply”’ was made up of net growth in the East plus the prospective cut of timber in the West (table 87 and fig. 59). With recent levels of management, projections of “‘supply’’ appear sufficient to meet projected demands until about 1990. By 2000, however, TABLE 87.—Timber cut, growth, supply, and inventories in the United States, 1952-2000 SAWTIMBER IN BILLION BOARD FEET Projections Species group 1952 1962 | 1970 1980 1990 2000 Softwoods: Cubes Ss 2eee eee ee 86.5 36.7 41.0 45.6 51.8 59.5 Growth... se.2.-scc2 202-02 30.0 35.9 39.7 44.8 44.0 43.7 Supply 1. oe oo >. Se ee oe ee 48.5 51.5 54.8 52.8 51°9 Inventory: .{ £2.55. 2-22 ese ee 2,132.4 2,058.0 2,053.0 2,053.8 2,012.8 1,882.4 Hardwoods: Ota Aes oe ess Oe 12.3 ile Berg 12.6 14.8 nly ar 21.5 GrOWth i222 22 ne ee 17.4 19.0 19.9 19.7 18.3 17.5 Inventory. .a35 2S" i SES 428.5 478.8 532.9 590.7 609.9 581.2 All species: Gute. 2-b6 see 6 ee sees 48.8 48.4 53.6 60.4 69.5 81.0 Growth ee: = 23 Sescc sok. Se 47.4 54.9 59.6 64.5 62.3 61.2 Supply 1.222 we sce e ee lec ee ee 67.0 70.9 74.0 70.5 68.8 Inventory__-._.____-_______._. 2,560.9 2,536.8 2,585.9 2,644.5 2,622.7 2,463.6 GROWING STOCK IN BILLION CUBIC FEET Softwoods: CG Bart kas he elie 7.5 Y hres 8.0 9.4 | 11.4 14.4 GTOWth" conyers See alt 9.0 Ow 112 10.8 10.8 UD Dy, te ee Le | a ee 10.2 11.0 ga a) 11.6 11.8 Inventory 22. S22 = Ne 428.4 434.1 452.3 473.7 487.5 468.7 Hardwoods: S CUte26. 22s ee ee Bhs 2.9 SD) 4.3 5.5 TZ, Growth 2 ew ee een keene 6.6 7.3 iso 30 6.4 6.4 Inventory =e s8ecc 208 Seo ee 167.4 193.8 219.6 252.0 270.4 269.6 All species: Cue ses Se ee eee 10.8 LOS He 13.7 16.9 21.6 Growth 28 Mee + 3 Oh are | 14.3 | 16.3 17.4 18.2 hey? 17.2 Supply: ee he es [Rect Ren oy OES, 172 18.2 18.8 17.8 _18.0 Inventory o-oo ee 595.8 627.9 671.9 CAS 757.9 738.3 ! Supply is defined as the sum of growth in the East, allowable cut on public lands in the West, and prospective cut on private lands in the West. ~ oOo & o> THE OUTLOOK FOR TIMBER SUPPLIES 133 SAWTIMBER GROWTH, SUPPLY, CUT & INVENTORY IN THE U.S. SOFTWOODS HARDWOODS TOTAL Supply Cut . 15 \ ro = ern FN a a es, S | Cut 2 sass ie Upp i ~~ ode eit me y seee= === fy eat aM ae Pe : —<—- Net Growth annn Bee eee pu - — Net Growth Net Growth 3 nee fumes gu usnnnenveetennstEeet ECCT = ™ Cut S 0 ae 73000 (= 72 c= es 8 Inventory 2000 Sosa er ennerssees Inventory Inventory 1000 sssee en 0 eS 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20001950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20001950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Figure 59 the projected ‘supply’ would fall short of the projected cut by an estimated 2.6 billion cubic feet of softwood growing stock and 7.6 billion board feet of softwood sawtimber. The cut of hardwoods in 1962, amounting to 11.7 billion board feet, was far less than hardwood growth of 19 billion board feet. Over the next few decades the projected excess of growth over cut steadily diminishes, however, to a balance of growth and cut around 1990, and an increasing annual deficit thereafter. By 2000 this projected deficit amounts to about 4.0 billion board feet. Trends in Timber Size and Quality of Major Concern The forest industries undoubtedly will not be able to process and market all of the species, sizes, and qualities of trees that make up timber growth and inventories. Consequently, future supplies of merchantable sizes and species of timber may be substantially smaller than indicated by esti- mates of total volumes in the Nation’s forests. Over the next few decades, the proportion of larger diameter trees in the timber harvest is expected to drop with assumed levels of cutting and management. Thus in eastern softwoods the cut from trees above 15 inches in diameter is projected to fall from 33 percent of the total cut in 1962 to 22 percent by 2000 (fig. 60). For hardwoods, the projected cut from trees above 15 inches drops from 52 percent in 1962 to 33 percent by 2000. In the West a relatively small change in size composition is expected in national forests by 2000, but on other lands a drastic decline in the proportion of the cut from trees above 29 inches in diameter is expected—from 57 percent in 1962 to 14 percent by 2000 (fig. 61). u 134 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRIBUTION OF TIMBER CUT IN THE EAST BY SIZE CLASS Softwoods 60 = jessetece 166 157 45 4, 074 1, 868 1, 814 392 7, 632 9, 035 Mississippi 17, 976 1, 267 1, 108 4 12 143 55 397 2, 888 1, 578 1, 157 153 5, 834 7, 535 Tennessee__________________ 13, 643 834 HON, pen SSS i eseeeen. 243 344 21 946 323 344 279 5, 745 5, 753 53, 361 2, 900 2, 329 ‘a 12 552 556 463 7, 908 3, 769 3, 315 824 19, 211 22, 323 21, 530 2, 641 2, 373 (ea eer 265 194 ll 4, 028 1, 5387 2, 416 75 5, 613 9, 043 16, 512 704 575 OU (| eee 118 176 5 3, 223 1, 774 1, 267 182 2, 808 9, 596 5, 299 423 219 3 167 34 60) (22222224 O84) 22 2222 OB4 ice 1, 353 2,479 11, 991 719 618s). ee 1 100 32 2 3, 128 1, 663 1, 461 4 2, 435 5, 675 MOtali 2225 tes-eeze2_ 2 55, 332 4, 487 3, 785 17 168 517 462 18 | 11,363 4, 974 6, 128 261 12, 209 26, 793 Total, South____--_____________ 201, 069 14, 062 10, 476 27 251 3, 308 2, 164 656 | 37,422] 21,614 12, 551 3, 257 78, 897| 67, 868 Pacific Northwest: Alaska__..--_.----------- ee 5, 761 5, 585 5, 304 252 25 4 146) | 25-222 |o2-2 2223 |-os2ss2-|b-2osse0s|22csseoe eee 20 Oregon 26, 613 15, 379 12, 545 2,477 354 3 769 154 5, 009 1,116 3, 602 291 3, 329 1,973 Washington 19, 510 8, 159 6, 160 187 1, 686 126 2, 001 199 4,401 1, 351 2, 935 115 2, 567 2, 183 otal. 2=-<2's-vecsenecee 51, 884 29, 123 24, 009 2,916 2, 065 133 2, 916 353 9, 410 2, 467 6, 537 406 5, 896 4,186 Pacific Southwest: California. ___________-_____ 17, 391 9, 153 8, 656 326 131 40 186 8 2,945 144 1, 494 1, 307 1, 586 3, 513 Hawaii_____________--_____- 1, 089 Giescstes22| fo a22258 | tae 9 C= a (eeprom ee eee eee ee 366 227 otal. 2 ..t5-5==-+ Maine. : 22: s2Sl22 222i es Massachusetts - -_------ New Hampshire Rhode Island... =: --2=2s-=- Mermont.. 22222222 -22-2s255 Middle Atlantic: Delaware-.2.s<:22css225-525 Maryland_--_-_- New Jersey --- INOW) VOrmi coc caceeotcae ay Pennsylvania West Virginia Lake States: Michigan. 2.1 s2222sese252)| .= 2. 2-2 | = eee ee 21, 742 0; 436) || -2=cocl S25 1,999 12,306 | 4,835 5,106 | 2, 271 17, 976 63947" |2-sesc22e5 2, 163 11,029 | 2,850 4,237 | 3,431 13, 643 1, 863 86: |s2ce2 225 11, 780 936 9, 743 675 53, 361 18, 246 86 4, 162 133998: |2.22 se 35,115 | 8, 621 19,086 | 6,377 829 202% |-==e sees 21, 530 [0° 5) Ue eee eee 14,579 | 2,148 7,878 | 4,077 476 16, 512 63153) |-sse220- 22 1,919 10,359 | 1,978 1,767 | 5,967 647 5, 299 LOG2 ee Soa eee 4, 237 517 3, 380 270 70 11, 991 0; 802 \| 2 Foes coe 485 6,139 | 2,217 2,016 | 1,826 80 55, 332 20;018>|s222-2-==- 2, 404 35, 314 | 6,860 15, 041 | 12,140 15.2737: | See | eee 201, 069 80, 609 440 25, 977 54,177 15 | 120,460 | 24, 675 57, 067 | 36,110 2, 102 006} | =pasaea= 372, 858 | 114, 730 11,120 25, 977 57,995 | 19,638 | 258,128 | 26, 941 115, 963 | 37,788 20, 403 | 33,318 23, 715 1 Ponderosa pine type. APPENDIX 147 TABLE 7.—Area of commercial forest landin the West, by forest type and ownership, section, region, and State, January 1, 1963 (Thousand acres) Softwood types Total all types =. Section, region, and State Total Douglas-fir All owner- Public Private | All owner- Public Private | All owner- Public Private ships ships ships Pacific Northwest: PLAS Ka se eee oe eee Rae ce Coes ee 5, 761 5, 731 30 5, 537 5, 508 71 eee eee [ee ee eee |e Oregon 26, 613 16, 302 10, 311 24, 138 15, 690 8, 448 10, 820 6, 495 4, 325 Washington 19, 510 10, 359 9, 151 18, 172 10, 114 8, 058 8, 683 4, 215 4, 468 TOGA] seo eS aoe Ee ec ete ee 51, 884 32, 392 19, 492 47, 847 31, 312 16, 535 19, 503 10, 710 8, 793 Pacific Southwest: Californias oss 22 a ES ee 17, 391 9, 347 8, 044 17, 371 9, 333 8, 038 4, 402 2, 315 2, 087 Ta Wali sesame nen aoe ea ee es ee 1, 089 496 Ei 3] | oes seeeceec eid [te ee Cet ee pe) Nr a ERY Oe || Se SAN | RR eS OCA e weetees foe ees Bee Sere eee 18, 480 9, 843 8, 637 17, 371 9, 333 8, 038 4, 402 2, 315 2, 087 Northern Rocky Mountain: 1c Fl oo ese ee eee ee eee 15, 823 12, 749 3, 074 15, 275 12, 354 2,921 4, 798 4, 230 568 Montana 2 17, 300 12, 439 4, 861 16, 901 12, 170 4, 731 4, 555 3, 181 1, 374 South Dakota (west) 1, 311 1, 029 282 1,311 1, 029 28272 2. anata ek eens oa seaecan eee WWV2y.Oln in ose nent SE ee Le eee 4, 853 3, 994 859 4, 508 3, 748 760 701 635 66 Hl BXo} 7:9 ns Se eS ee 39, 287 30, 211 9, 076 37, 995 29, 301 8, 694 10, 054 8, 046 2, 008 3, 870 3, 735 135 3, 807 3, 674 133 165 164 1 12, 275 9, 142 3, 133 9, 398 7, 094 2, 304 1, 451 1, 056 395 109 32 77 88 26 G2! ere Saas sie sen So ieee Et Sete 6, 083 4,114 1, 969 5, 677 3, 905 1, 772 1, 131 684 447 UW Cah eee as oe Oia eae os ee ea 3, 999 3, 336 663 Payaly’ 2,419 298 646 507 139 HO Lal eeeenre n= eee a. ee ts ee 26, 336 20, 359 5, 977 21, 687 17, 118 4, 569 3, 393 2,411 982 POLO WWeSG=-. a. 6 eek. be fol ersten cs) oe 135, 987 92, 805 43, 182 124, 900 87, 064 37, 836 37, 352 23, 482 13, 870 Softwood types Section, region, and State Hemlock-Sitka spruce Redwood Ponderosa pine All owner- Public Private | All owner- Publie Private | All owner- Public Private ships ships ships Pacific Northwest: AV ASK G2 sone sits See ee SS et ce 5, 537 5, 508 20) Sux waeecee ee ~-4---------|------------|------------]------------]------------ Onregont 2-9-8 See 1, 366 636 730 10 3 7 7,307 5, 023 2, 554 Washington 2, 899 1, 334 W5560)j| 22 22223225). 2eves sen | nese ee fae ae 3, 470 2, 159 1,311 Ro talssetwess Soc a. Se ls 9, 802 7,478 2, 324 10 3 7 11, 047 7, 182 3, 865 Pacific Southwest: Californias 2225 ee os > tae te ee er 6 1 5 1, 586 130 1, 456 6, 069 3, 517 2, 552 SEE WAL eee ee ee ee eee ete oe eee oo lee ee earn ocean esaees |i cas ewceue eiiilccaunawecwaclesdcccoseuusllsckeucdccse loi acateecces ILO Gall eae ey Maen a ee 6 1 5 1, 586 130 1, 456 6, 069 3,517 2, 552 Northern Rocky Mountain: Canosa ee ee eee Lk 2, 624 1, 800 824 Nontangeeee ttt) a= 3, 656 2, 051 1, 605 South Dakota (west) 1, 288 1, 008 280 WE OIIngae eee eres Seen | 2 992 449 543 8, 560 5, 308 8, 252 3, 509 3, 388 121 2, 347 1, 180 1, 167 55 16 39 3, 978 2, 904 1,074 432 4 32 ARG Sec 2, 739 2, 183 556 151 126 25 38 17 PA bed |e pete ears ene UE ge Sy 100 TOOK Sa22e 522 13 9 4 7. 437 6, 876 561 3, 791 3, 717 74 1, 454 1, 389 65 157 127 30 2, 035 1, 643 392 5, 825 4, 490 1, 335 4, 635 3, 687 948 568 438 11810) pees irae onl He eee es §22 365 257 36, 986 | 32,505 4,481 | 26,712 | 28, 847 2, 865 4, 406 4, 034 372 371 338 33 5, 497 4, 286 1, 211 357, 327 |340, 088 | 17, 2239 |215, 376 |210, 268 5,108 | 43,777 | 40,618 3,159 | 48,995 | 46, 060 2,935 | 49,179 | 438, 142 6, 037 627, 882 |434, 082 |193, 800 |234, 284 |218, 839 | 15,445 | 62,506 | 46,621 | 15,885 | 93,606 | 71,407 | 22,199 |237, 486 | 97, 215 | 140, 271 APPENDIX 155 TABLE 11.—Net volume of sawtimber on commercial forest land in the United States, by ownership, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, January 1, 1963 I \ | | \ | | | f | } } (Million board feet, International 44-inch log rule) | All ownerships National forest Other public } Section, region, and State All species | Softwoods Hard- All species | Softwoods Hard- All species | Softwoods Hard- woods woods woods New England: Connecticut 2, 277 190 DA08T l cceaspeee ee ace cecleeee oc eecases 194 17 177 IWidingees sess oS 31, 282 20, 657 10, 625 139 52 87 290 191 99 Massachusetts 2, 553 851 d102" (eewcauczenssledscauctoacdl naseecoec ue 236 83 153 New Hampshire_-- 9, O1L 5, 859 3, 152 1, 792 640 1, 152 228 165 63 Rhode Island 192 27 160 4|po ses Seels 2A sees eee es | nko ee 25 1 24 WMermon testis te ees ss Shas Bek 9, 113 2, 784 6, 329 940 287 653 248 76 172 PO UC ted ote eat meee ee eS 54, 428 30, 368 24, 060 2, 871 979 1, 892 1, 221 533 688 Middle Atlantic: WMelawares eres. - =o cases ce one ect oece 1, 255 546 15 7 8 Maryland__ 8, 792 1, 669 659 125 534 New Jersey_ 3, 543 604 133 22 lil New York-_--.----- 31, 983 7,009 2, 558 560 1, 998 Pennsylvania---_--- 27, 732 2, 351 5, 194 440 4,754 West Virginia 30, 399 1, 565 1, 136 108 1, 028 Mo tales arn Ane oe Sore Pes oes 103, 704 13, 744 9, 695 1, 262 8, 433 Lake States: Vii Chig aries ane as ae see een ee Sr 26, 496 7, 400 19, 096 2,793 1,174 1, 619 3, 465 1, 442 2, 023 Minnesota_-_------- 15, 519 6, 560 8, 959 1, 841 1, 234 607 6, 100 3, 266 2, 834 North Dakota Gai) \sclesuee ae ce 196: |-.----...--- 196 South Dakota (east) 757 * 52 321 52 269 AWW AASCOD SITE m= Se tate Sa 5 let ee : 16, 296 4, 201 3, 476 1, 505 1,971 59, 705 18, 213 41, 492 5, 769 2, 732 3, 037 13, 558 6, 265 7, 293 8, 576 28 8, 548 365 6 359 WOd: |sassccscscee 153 12, 565 62 12, 503 192 9 183 472 15 457 6, 194 6 6, 188 6 eeeentecese. 5 (5 Ie eee re 81 4, 280 10 AEQIOW sencee neces | Aeuzeseecces| “saueeucuses Oo lscecsescusce 3 29, 261 2, 485 26, 776 1, 628 552 1,076 607 152 455 12, 612 879 11, 733 1, 341 486 855 201 16 185 1, 672 423 1, 249 79 20 59 54 14 40 16, 777 409 16, 368 231 8 223 751 21 730 91, 937 4, 302 87, 635 3, 841 1, 081 2, 760 2, 322 218 2,104 moval WNOnthes.-seusonaoe oe ee Slo 309, 774 66, 627 243, 147 16, 475 5, 334 11, 141 26, 796 8, 278 18, 518 South Atlantic: i 55, 443 28, 006 27, 437 3, 135 1, 036 2, 099 1, 268 826 442 24, 991 13, 990 11,001 2,099 1, 731 368 708 464 244 37, 120 12, 701 24, 419 2, 552 747 1, 805 1,101 615 486 oO talisaseaew caso tee oe ie ee 117, 554 54, 697 62, 857 7, 786 3,514 4, 272 3,077 1, 905 1,172 East Gulf: Wloridas ao. ae ees ee re 22, 034 15, 253 6, 781 1, 685 1, 501 184 1,113 971 142 (Georsias ses nte srtetn eee tele s e 47, 856 29, 408 18, 448 2, 807 1, 220 1, 587 2, 799 2, 288 511 LOtaliae ene Seno ie ce enka a 69, 890 44, 661 25, 229 4,492 2, 721 1771 3, 912 3, 259 653 Centra! Gulf: Aa bam Asean s anes PES 46, 602 28, 307 18, 295 2, S68 1, 553 515 878 512 366 Mississippi 26, 364 17, U1 9, 253 4, 805 4, 302 503 952 650 302 pRennessee!22cs se asa a Sooo esse 20, 653 4, 328 16, 325 1, 906 1, 006 900 1, 214 310 904 COUQ earn ee see ee ok SS ec 93, 619 49, 746 43, 873 8,779 6, 861 1,918 3, 044 1, 472 1, 572 West Gulf: 42, 348 26, 363 15, 985 6, 607 4, 850 1, 757 1, 530 234 1, 296 52, 280 25, 140 27, 140 2, 392 2, 037 355 939 402 537 4, 754 2, 483 2, 271 663 544 119 95 9 86 31, 625 21, 667 9, 958 5, 453 4,775 678 361 241 120 131, 007 75, 653 55, 354 15, 115 12, 206 2, 909 2, 925 886 2, 039 Motals| Souths. 22s 222 22. =~ = be 412, 070 224, 757 187, 313 36, 172 25, 302 10, 870 12, 958 7, 522 5, 436 Pacific Northwest: i 182, 555 180, 930 1, 625 170, 928 169, 816 1,112 10, 661 10, 168 493 536, 309 515, 879 20, 430 298, 859 294, 915 3, 944 96, 701 92, 626 4,075 373, 065 358, 661 14, 404 166, 040 165, 667 373 65, 753 62, 806 2, 947 Oalee sce eee os 1, 091, 929 1, 055, 470 36, 459 635, 827 630, 398 5,429 173, 115 165, 600 7, 515 Pacific Southwest: Californiaecataur aes oy ee 303, 912 302, 298 1,614 162, 103 161, 200 903 11, 631 11, 563 68 La Wallen ase e Dee ee 220) |e tee ee TDD: | Mae ote eee ones Ard be eR B27 ietekescceuce 327 MY BY AY No oes I ea 304, 634 302, 298 2, 336 162, 103 161, 200 903 11, 958 11, 563 395 156 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 11.—Net volume of sawtimber on commercial forest land in the United Stales, by ownership, softwoods and ACRERTODS, section, region, and State, January 1, 1963—Continued (Million board feet, International 14-inch log rule) All ownerships National forest Other public Section, region. and State All species | Softwoods Hard- All species | Softwoods Hard- All species | Softwoods Hard- woods woods woods Northern Rocky Mountain: 126, 801 126, 484 317 94, 985 94, 822 163 11, 074 11, 021 53 112, 637 111, 799 838 75, 479 74, 883 596 9, 454 9, 423 31 3, 430 3, 423 7 2, 687 28687 | 22-22 ha ee 178 177 1 28, 324 27, 939 885 23, 871 23, 762 109 1, 850 1, 747 103 271, 192 269, 645 1, 547 197, 022 196, 154 868 22, 556 22, 368 188 28, 287 28, 098 189 19, 954 19, 877 77 7, 479 7, 378 101 64, 258 60, 477 3, 781 52, 793 50, 135 2, 658 2, 611 2, 359 252 572 565 7 87 84 3 2 2;| See 31, 742 29, 872 1, 870 16, 415 16, 205 210 6. 586 6, 367 219 22, 341 20, 213 2,128 18, 260 16, 552 1, 708 2, 121 1, 989 132 147, 200 139, 225 7,975 107, 509 102, 853 4, 656 18, 799 18, 095 704 shotal,) WeStciatteteewe dee eo ee ee SS 1, 814, 955 1, 766, 638 48, 317 1, 102, 461 1, 090, 605 11, 856 226, 428 217, 625 8, 802 Total, all Tegioms...--.=-2- 2-222 222 2selaseesle 2, 536, 799 | 2, 058, 022 478,777 | 1,155,108 | 1,121, 241 33, 867 266, 182 233, 426 32, 756 Forest industry Farmer and miscellaneous private Section, region, and State All species Softwoods Hardwoods | All species Softwoods Hardwoods New England: Connectiout.....2.2..2.< egieve ase aie eee ee oe ee naan eee Wena eee 4 2,079 173 1, 906 Mane. == =-F ae ls le ‘ 17,710 11,719 5,991 Massachusetts----_-_-_- 72 2, 100 696 1,404 New Hampshire 5,615 4, 033 1, 582 Rhode Island-_-_-----___- 167 26 141 Vermont_......----- eS Page ee eee tS Meee aa oe Ee OER eae o eh 1, 237 378 859 6, 688 2,043 4, 645 "otal. =< o3acadaeveses seuep fos poseees 2 aoe a sede ase eee ee 15,977 10, 166 5, 811 34, 359 18, 690 15, 669 Middle Atlantic: Delaware----_- axes asa tas Vandi asscee season one bemeeeadees erences 516 225 291 724 314 410 Maryland____-.-.-_-___- 114 22 92 8,019 1, 522 6, 497 New Jersey .----=----==- % 1 6 3, 403 581 2, 822 New York. =2..-2-22-2 2, 693 590 2, 103 26, 732 5, 859 20, 873 Pennsylvania 805 68 737 20, 680 1, 753 18, 927 West Virginia 1,719 54 1, 665 24, 603 951 23, 652 Total. f2-s-22- 5, 854 960 4,894 84, 161 10, 980 73, 181 Lake States: Michigan 2.<2-.--2-:22=.- Sec aR bet celts awe een eee ee 3, 602 1, 332 2, 270 16, 636 3, 452 13, 184 Minnesota_--------- 915 531 384 6, 663 1, 529 5, 134 Worth Dakotde 22-5252 oe ke td a EN re et eel ee Soe re es Pra eee 404 ee Se eee 441 South Dakota (east) ce ae 436 ||-2.2e = eee 436 WASCOMSIM:. 2.SeeS 0 co Shs 5 nt kB elo) ee ee Sn ee ee 5 737 10, 673 2, 097 8, 576 otal]: : AG base eeee 40, 947 3, 071 9, 287 440 6, 195 373 310 39 South Dakota. (east)....- rss ou oot endo yg ees eee 8; 612i) Ee ee 340, 088 106, 073 45, 448 | 48, 244 49, 902 4, 762 4, 290 5, 542 | 13,079 15, 804 8, 062 Softwoods Hardwoods Section, region, and State Western | Incense | Lodgepole Other All Cottonwood Red Other redcedar | cedar pine softwoods | hardwoods! and aspen alder Oak western hardwoods Pacific Northwest: a 346 306 364) 22 22ase=— 4 South Dakota (west) WYOMING. = 222222. once Sh csasecn teed sue ee 50 120 191 2, 440 1 25 181 561 57 1, 335 480 4, 481 APPENDIX 161 TABLE 14.—Net volume of sawtimber on commercial forest land in the East, by species, section, region, and State, January 1, 1963 (Million board feet, International 44-inch log rule) Softwoods Hardwoods Section, region, and State = All White Longleaf | Shortleaf} Other Spruce Other All Select soft and red | Jack | andslash| and lob- | yellow | and bal- | Hemlock| Cypress soft- hard- white woods pine pine pine lolly pine| pines sam fir woods woods oaks New England: Connecticutas 2.2422 22= 255. -e= 2, 087 303 Maine--_--__-_- 10, 625 10 Massachusetts __ 1, 702 107 New Hampshire__ 3, 152 8 Rhode Island_____-- 165 35 VET Ont sen ent Sees 6, 320s So. PROUsIeh names tere ad 24, 060 463 Middle Atlantic: IDClAWATC' 2 noes oon ene 709 120 Maryland!_-.-._...--=- 7, 123 1, 034 New Jersey. ---------- 2, 939 540 New Work.) 2252... 24, 974 862 Pennsylvania______-___- 25, 381 2,401 West Virginia 28, 834 2, 584 MOtaliae co ee ae ee 89, 960 7, 541 Lake States: Michigan = see eee saben 19, 096 1, 062 Minnesota = -.2:--.-. 8, 959 885 North Dakota_______- 637 74 South Dakota (east) 705 32 WISCONSIN: 22 ee eS 12, 095 1, 201 ROG AM tener pe 41, 492 3, 254 Central Ziel MMNO iS 4 oe Fee ee See y 8, 548 1, 722 Indiane 2255.45 =. 22 eee ll 12, 503 1, 894 LO Wa etre = 2 es a Ow ne eS 6 6, 188 1,077 Wangs ees ee eae eee 10 4, 270 762 IRENTUCK Yoav ete os a oe es 76 26, 776 3, 463 INNISSOUTIES coe eke eee tae 7 11, 733 2, 785 INebraskass:- 2-2 S625 Pe 422 1, 249 102 Ohig See ee 132 16, 368 2,373 MOUs seo ra eee 2 665 87, 635 14,178 Botal, (NOG sco ates eee tees. 66, 627 18, 946 2,341 |_____-____ 3, 872 3, 214 20, 490 12, 037 112 5, 615 243, 147 25, 436 South Atlantic: North Carolina_-___......____ 28, 006 802 20, 015 3, 985 139 578 1, 400 217 27, 437 2,910 South Carolina j2o.--5 Ss 13, 990 134 9, 767 TOQG Wess ee es 7 1, 356 63 11, 001 641 Win eIMa= sete ee ae a ee 12,701 562 9, 671 L768 |eesak 22 52 401 235 69 24,419 3, 854 ROG ete poke tke 54, 697 1, 498 39, 453 6, 774 139 986 2,991 349 62, 857 7,405 East Gulf Mloridamsss cokes 82: he U53203:)|eecee ee olcco eae! 8, 6383 1, 436 SILOM Seas 2 ceJ|a2enececed| 4,595 79 6, 781 83 Georgia qs che 29, 408 243) eee xe 11, 234 14, 964 L088) |catanespcs 29 1, 846 4 18, 448 1, 287 MN Otalseeeeseen oan ne 44, 661 77 hg es 19, 867 16, 400 A598 een tent 2 6,441 83 25, 229 1,370 Central Gulf: Alabama is so stae roe oe 20, 202 Li Wf | Se pee | 410 50 18, 295 1, 731 IMASSissippl= ee a2obe aces 12, 501 S26 eee ee eet 646 44 9, 253 884 sbennesseezes = (ies ee ye. 1, 558 1340) Wee= 22 522 229 110 16, 325 2,101 Motels: sae a ower 49, 746 568 ctose2= = 9, 924 34, 261 PAM Pal ee ee 522 1, 285 204 43, 873 4,716 West Gulf: WAr kansas fae SVE 255364 Nios can celles set csaclocssescscx 949 50 15, 985 1, 822 Mouisianai cece Sh ee 19, 501 BRO) Neen tell hee 3,173: 6 27,140 1,192 Oklahoma... AFF | e pempeal Nia ecnia | OSe (poese e| (ee, 2, 271 120 Rexasitias sii. oN wE et wh QONO9SW Bet sane tos tee teh eee ee ote 395 7 9, 958 786 PROta les eta ee ee a MO Oboulleseessoee=|eceacese 3, 252 67, 441 B80) |Poeoe- a. Jal steeee soa 4,517 63 55, 354 3, 920 shotal ‘South<- 2.2.2 < 222! 224, 757 2.3091)... 222 35,550 | 157, 555 11, 734 139 1, 537 15, 234 699 | 187,313 17,411 See footnotes at end of table. 162 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 14.—WNet volume of sawtimber on commercial forest land in the East, by species, section, region, and State, January 1 A 1963—Continued (Million board feet, International 44-inch log rule) Hardwoods Section, region, and Other Tupelo Cotton- Other State Select | white | Other |Hickory| Yellow! Hard Soft | Beech | Sweet-| and Ash | wood | Bass- |Yellow-| Black | hard- red oaks red birch | maple | maple gum | black and wood | poplar |Walnut| woods oaks oaks gum aspen New England: Connecticut. ....:. 647 68 289 109 149 36 Cie eee 8 119) hoe 51 Maine: .....2::5-.-. 906) | ewe sense eee ioe eee 2,581 | 2,965 412 554 OF is Sooo =e |e 1, 243 Massachusetts - ____ 500 20 131 8 97 204 59 2 96 i aa 161 New Hampshire ___ 898: |-weccas< 1) Beene 757 597 94 33 Ct (eel [roe ay 455 Rhode Island _____- Oey Nena 35 9 2 We ecee-e|) [20 sfsei essen |e eset | > dk ie 25) |e a ee | ee | eee Vermont. _.__--___- 950" |ecesecolt ozone |escisese 1,519 | 2,035 133 88 47) | Seer SN AE 753 Total..2-2<2---.|, 2,257 88 464 126 | 5,105 | 5,837 746 677 251 1300 |S 2,663 Middle Atlantic: Delaware_____-_____ 35 3 BON one t nese ee ee ee 62 46 127 1 Ti aaa aee| (ere eee oie | See ee 2 eee ee 46 Maryland_-_----___- 910 423 956 314 29 32 364 282 817 228 53 2 7 1, 338 38 296 New Jersey-------- 483 149 759 Gio 2s ec a ee 182 34 182 75 94 1 8 234 7 125 New York-_-__------ 2, 208 112 70 330 | 3,154} 6,042 | 2,530 | 3,624 |-------_]________ 1, 230 324 | 1,204 125 13 3, 146 Pennsylvania______ 5, 234 2,444 1, 228 705 828 1, 732 | 2,191 1,884: \|/2= 2-2-2 54 875 149 863 1, 042 73 3, 678 West Virginia ._____ 3, 711 3, 239 3, 880 2, 589 342 1, 489 981 1, 984 25 607 462;|b2o fe" Ss 932 3,115 247 2, 647 Total____---_-__| 12, 581 6, 370 7,018 4, 004 4, 353 9,295 | 6,310 7, 854 1, 151 1,017 2,714 476 3, 014 5, 946 378 9, 938 Lake States: = ; Michigan _____ y 553 1, 445 1 ¥(0 Ta) Een, 41 4,170 Minnesota y (44! 25427 |) 1, 040 | 2 ee | Re 2, 478 North Dakota 74 173 100) hc ea eee 216 South Dakota (CaSt) soon a2 sooo sos NL ee Se (pene gees (ee | PRG CGE: [a em (epee Og) eres | oee nee et 84 407 8: |es==s2n |e 174 Wisconsin___-_______ 2-766. | sence. 595 102 616 1,914 584 106. |ecesesselices-scs 506 773 8355 (ete! 31 2, 066 Motals: e224 25 5044.) soe 1, 166 229} 1,986 | 6,941 | 2,450] 1,206 |--------|-------- 1,961 | 5,225 | 2,854 |____.--- 72 9, 104 Central: Iinois. ...-.-.22.-. 752 254 1, 338 462 66 97 114 1,474 Indiana_____-______ J, 111 116 1, 720 172 159 663 244 2, 158 WOWSe 22) 2322225265 TOT eso n co s8 204 Wee) |b eoe - e oes 235 2, 102 Kansas: _ 2222-2 cs.. 219 102 |seoo see 898 643/22 S 2S 362 1, 600 Kentucky-__--______ 1, 806 2,655 5, 802 145 602 2,151 315 1, 676 Missouri_-----_____ 882 | 1,390 | 3,080 170) |e 2 7 321 1, 616 Nebraska------_-_-_ 18 o ieee see 663 Pa a eee ae 13 307 (0) ah (o ae eee 1, 247 684 | 2,076 144. ewes ee 968 303 3, 691 Total_..---..-__] 6, 762 5, 204 | 14, 220 3, 386 915 3, 886 1, 907 14, 624 Total, North_--______ 26, 644 | 11,662 | 22,868 | 11,567 | 11,484 | 25,134 [14,157 | 16,049 | 2,191 | 1,942 | 8,567 | 9,764] 7,034 | 9,962 | 2,357 | 36,329 South Atlantic: aaa North Carolina_____ 1, 539 1, 871 3, 487 1, 959 55 71 | 1,136 349 3, 599 5, 075 632 22 250 2, 939 65 1, 478 South Carolina_____ 262 540 1,891 563 4 8 582 83 2, 193 2,475 357 12 eee 707 13 fll Virginia___---_____- 1,874 | 2,546 | 4,217] 2,313 21 170 978 654 | 1,635 | 1,135 280 4 227 | 3,076 185 1, 250 Total__...._--__| 3,675 | 4,957] 9,595 | 4,835 80 249 | 2,696 | 1,086 | 7,427 | 8,685 | 1,269 97 477 | 6,722 263 3, 339 East Gulf: zs Florida___----______ 28 682 | 1,480 361 |_______- 7 345 22 591 | 1,827 S72e toe | aaa 56) [aac 927 Georgia....2=22.:-=. 884 | 1,340 | 3,909) 1,441 2 12 781 126 | 2,390 | 3,039 534 21 19 | 1,515 16 1, 182 Total___-_______ 912 | 2,022 | 5,389] 1,802 2 19 | 1, 126 148 | 2,981 | 4,866 906 21 19 | 1,571 16 2, 059 Central Gulf: ; Alabama_-_-________. 769 | 1,251 | 3,625 | 1,998 |________ 30 279 391 | 2,407 | 2,2: 628 38 68 | 1,218 23 1, 551 Mississippi__ 165 764 1, 578 64 ioe 7 83 256 1, 568 1, 235 222 386 36 315 4 1, 109 Tennessee__________ 1, 297 1, 787 2, 828 2, 045 28 300 407 431 642 565 424 328 137 1, 341 223 1, 441 Total. .232e0 2 2,231 | 3,802 | 8,031 | 4,684 28 337 769 | 1,078 | 4,617 | 4,088 | 1,274 752 241 | 2,874 250 4,101 West Gulf: ia pe Arkansas___-_______ 723 | 2,389 | 3,030 | 1,579 84 113 | 2,194] 1,171 522 242 21 17 58 2, 020 Louisiana. 373 | 3,081 | 3,484 | 2,907 328 707 | 4,419 | 4,278 | 1,622 389 8 56 |-------- 4,291 Oklahoma___ 83 488 445 1 at oe ees 96 94 90 72 pe eget 4 378 OXAS_ 2252 2-3 l sesee 379 | 1,589 | 2,555 43 130 | 1,954 706 356 8 8) |b 8 686 Total_.__.-----_| 1,558] 7,547 | 9,514 | 5,600 |_-_____- 25 | 468 950 | 8,663 | 6,249 | 2,590 711 41 73 70 | 7,875 Total, South________- 8,376 | 18,328 | 32,529 | 16,921 110 630 | 5,059 3, 262 | 23,688 | 23,888 | 6,039 1, 581 778 | 11,240 599 16, 874 if | ' ' Includes 52 million board feet of ponderosa pine. 2 Includes 416 million board feet of ponderosa pine. APPENDIX 163 TABLE 15.—Net volume of sawtimber on commercial forest land in the West, by species, section, region, and State, January 1, 1963 (Million board feet, International 14-inch log rule) Softwoods Section, region, and State i a paste Se All Douglas- | Ponderosa True Western Sugar Western Sitka softwoods fir and Jef- firs hemlock pine white pine | Redwood spruce frey pine Pacific Northwest: Alask 480/980. 2 22-2tec22s\asgucceeceee 468 105; 37k | o seSeeescess|eccesGen vase uSsevauede.2 66, 593 515, 879 293, 548 73, 665 46, 082 46, 770 5, 416 4, 295 276 6, 074 358, 661 118, 446 24, 439 56, 527 T1OR92T | een a ee BOT) || Siceceseaskc 3, 225 1, 055, 470 411, 994 98, 104 108, 077 263, 062 5, 416 7, 270 276 75, 892 Pacific Southwest: California__ 302, 298 98, 973 58, 398 75, 303 397 23, 223 1, 808 30, 981 142 302, 298 98, 973 58, 398 75, 303 397 23, 223 1, 808 30, 981 142 126, 484 40, 495 111, 799 29, 193 9) 423), Ssee2 do e2s 27, 939 4, 215 269, 645 73, 903 Southern Rocky Mountain: i PAT IZ Ona soot ees eee Mew Ae Be ea Bae 28, 098 2, 130 23, 751 1, 203 Colorado__- 60, 477 6, 481 4, 261 8, 917 Nevada-___ OOD I | teas eh oee 331 177 New Mexico_ 29, 872 4, 883 18,177 2, 603 LORE ole aA ae epee ee SP i ae a ae Beene ee ole 20, 213 4, 258 2,019 3, 785 Miotalite speewer eo ees arrests 139, 225 17, 752 48, 539 16685" jee neuv esas. ial ee ene ae || enna ee (EOE Ne SEN MotalewWiestas. epee 1 149 53 44 406 7. 5 2, 604 ds | sees S= 319 13 J, 422 98 341 BoueS te 2 204 66 78 548 9. 2, 921 4 384 it 1, 658 125 386 89 1 2 237 66 90 662 1 2, 375 10 415 4 1, 457 122 333 Sie 2 Sus \at eee 195 56 106 558 1 1, 500 10 313 10 1, 289 96 296 BEN eee 1 195 45 81 489 1 841 3 178 il 921 61 255 iia eres eee 108 32 46 344 1 434 3 90 |eSecesee 671 68 191 pl eee - 1 78 27 42 220 354 L728 y 155 4 1, 123 104 444 5 (at eee ne) (aSeeers 105 32 62 293 U7 s\eteensse|seseoote 27 1 130 16 63 9 re eee 1 11 2 6 27 12, 680 eS eee 2, 073 47 9, 809 792 | 2, 623 622 af 8 | 1, 282 379 555 3, 547 3 45 1, 729 186 493 194 1 1 252 70 57 465 11 42 2, 653 329 770 310 1 20 328 95 108 692 11 29 3, 089 407 866 399 1 35 355 lll 161 754 30 29 2, 574 381 687 319 1 14 293 94 139 646 25 28 2, 286 360 589 260) \|Peeeae2 12 256 89 179 541 28 21 1, 613 244 454 TGF es. 22= = 9 168 48 107 416 42 9 1,119 157 289 103 2 14 107 48 90 309 87 19 1, 698 308 457 169 3 19 150 62 115 415 BIS eee 219 42 74 | er 1 6 4 25 59 250 222 | 16,980 | 2,414 | 4,679 | 1,929 9 135 | 1,915 621 981 4, 297 51 13 2,154 214 771 206)|\-2. see 4 341 99 2 517 11 13 2, 955 298 960, DORM ee hoe 5 474 147 4 769 99 5 3, 161 329 981 Bi 8 a eee 3 521 148 3 865 128 3 2, 857 296 844 DT ee 3 528 137 5 799 133 2 2,775 289 798 243) ens 25 2 513 136 4 790 124 1 2, 337 255 661 PAs ee 1 375 120 3 710 1G ya nee 1,814 168 522 S45 |e see ase eee 280 97 3 560 137 1 2, 895 263 | 1, 056 cY/Al We ese 1 329 129 3 743 45; ps2 2 198 14 81 SOR ee sees 17 4 |-------- 52 945 38 | 21,146 | 2,126 | 6,674 | 2,100 |--.-..- 19 | 3,378 1, 017 27 5, 805 260 131 7, 630 913 | 2,240 646 6 29 | 1,020 298 330 2,148 497 126 | 10,358 | 1,284 | 2, 943 922 3 44 | 1, 364 427 479 2, 892 581 78 | 11,613 | 1,471 | 3,141 | 1, 067 5 57 | 1,526 453 572 3, 321 694 70 | 10,396 | 1,407 | 2,679 936, 4 31 | 1, 423 393 592 2, 931 604 71 9,598 | 1,302 | 2,376 836 4 30 | 1,352 358 600 2, 740 421 44 7, 236 956 | 1, 888 635 3 20 943 262 403 2,126 307 21 5, 310 679 | 1,376 462 4 22 676 217 313 1, 561 467 108 8,351 | 1,182 | 2,641 810 8 31 854 266 441 2,118 110 33 906 165 349 7163), 22234. 5 3 60 14 43 196 Totaliac-s] 134, 086 | 62,688 | 57,513 523 29 3, 941 682 | 71,398 | 9,359 |19, 633 | 6,390 37 267 | 9,218 2, 688 3,773 | 20, 033 166 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES Table 18.—Net volume of growing stock on commercial forest land in the West, by species, diameter class, and region, January 1, 1963 (Million cubic feet) Softwoods Hardwoods Region and diameter Total all class (inches) species Ponderosa} Western Other Other Total Douglas- and white and| Western | True Red- | Spruce} soft- | Total | Oaks | hard- fir Jeffrey sugar hemlock firs wood woods woods pines pines Pacific Northwest: 9:0-7-0---s2s0asesessssscus 6, 942 5, 605 1, 514 415 28 1, 081 O30 ls 22S 331 1, 306 1, 337 138 1,199 9, 421 7, 817 2, 353 570 52 1, 445 15.2023 ire = se - =3 349 1, 796 1, 604 144 1, 460 10, 601 8, 977 2, 937 717 7 1, 737 1, 460 3 353 1, 691 1, 624 124 1, 500 10, 994 9, 485 3, 372 785 120 1, 634 1, 371 3 724 1, 476 1, 509 77 1, 432 13, 166 11, 960 3, 704 914 126 3, 702 1, 514 2 684 1, 314 1, 206 42 1, 164 12, 328 11, 265 3, 686 1, 001 150 2, 921 1, 540 2 747 1, 218 1, 063 66 997 11, 661 10, 844 3, 545 1, 101 137 2, 804 1, 497 3 691 1, 066 817 58 759 54, 621 52, 996 16, 565 6, 015 710 15, 455 6, 401 ll 3, 828 4, 011 1, 625 140 1, 485 73, 351 72, 918 31, 726 5, 373 865 17, 560 5, 636 16 6, 848 4, 894 433 25 408 203, 085 191, 867 69, 402 16, 891 2, 267 48, 339 | 21, 601 40 | 14,555 | 18,772 | 11, 218 814 10, 404 Pacific Southwest: 9,047.0 o252scnsesesasende= 1,170 1, 064 344 203 80 1 268 107 1 60 106 29 77 1, 881 1, 750 567 335 131 2 440 176 1 98 131 35 96 2, 167 2, 048 663 392 154 3 515 205 il 115 119 30 89 2, 589 2, 561 829 490 192 3 644 257 2 144 28 3 25 2, 302 2, 260 732 432 169 3 569 227 1 127 42 4 38 2, 2, 249 728 430 169 3 566 226 1 126 39 4 35 2, 353 2, 313 749 443 173 3 582 232 1 130 40 4 36 12, 449 12, 340 3, 995 2, 361 925 16 3, 105 1, 237 8 693 109 15 94 28, 319 28, 276 9, 154 5, 410 2, 119 37 7,115 2, 835 18 1, 588 43 7 36 55, 518 54, 861 17, 761 10, 496 4,112 71 | 13, 804 5, 502 34 3, 081 657 131 526 5, 374 5, 176 801 2, 708 8, 262 8, 020 1, 467 3, 689 8, 550 8, 450 1, 945 3, 261 6, 653 6, 475 1, 383 2, 332 5, 812 5, 755 1, 394 1, 832 5, 317 5, 278 1, 518 1, 414 4, 473 4, 434 1,315 1, 167 12, 694 12, 667 3, 694 3, 169 4, 603 4, 600 1, 406 773 61, 738 60, 855 14, 923 20, 345 3, 187 2, 168 194 769 4, 279 3, 206 396 1, 035 4, 887 3, 971 428 1, 080 3, 825 3, 280 392 620 3, 907 3, 458 447 515 3, 312 3, 094 422 315 3, 063 2, 921 356 163 8, 680 8, 561 1, 120 239 1, 846 1, 846 232 10 36, 986 32, 505 3, 987 4, 746 16, 673 14, 013 2, 853 1, 366 176 1, 189 2, 559 107 920 4, 843 2, 660 167 2, 493 23, 843 20, 793 4, 783 2, 251 343 1, 651 3, 581 176 1, 390 6, 618 3, 050 179 2, 871 26, 205 23, 446 5, 973 2, 503 420 2, 024 3, 909 208 2, 262 6, 147 2, 759 154 2, 605 24, 061 21, 801 5, 976 2, 667 568 1, 878 3, 600 260 2, 280 4, 572 2, 260 80 2,180 25, 187 23, 433 6, 277 2, 853 567 3,947 | 3,385 229 | 2,387 | 3,788 | 1,754 46 1, 708 28, 245 21, 886 6, 354 2,955 523 3,078 | 3,356 228 | 2,319} 3,073} 1,359 70 1, 289 21, 550 20, 512 5, 965 3, 120 568 2, 913 3, 073 235 2, 112 2, 526 1, 038 62 976 88, 444 86, 564 25, 374 14, 490 2, 495 15, 614 | 11,629 1, 248 7, 602 8, 112 1, 889 155 1, 725 108, 119 107, 640 42, 518 13, 243 3, 392 17, 608 | 13, 152 2,851 | 7,611 | 7,265 479 32 447 357, 327 340,088 | 106,073 45, 448 9, 052 49,902 | 48, 244 5, 542 | 28,883 | 46,944 | 17, 239 945 | 16, 294 APPENDIX 167 TaBLe 19.—Net volume of sawtimber on commercial forest land in the North, by species, diameter class, and region, January 1, 1963 (Million board feet, International !4-inch log rule) Region and diameter class (inches) New England: Lake States: OCU Di eee ee 11,0-13.0____ 13,0-15.0____ 15,0-17.0____ Softwoods Hardwoods Total all South- |Eastern| Spruce Select | Other Ash, species ern white and Other white | white | Hick- | Yellow | Hard |Sweet-|walnut,| Yellow-| Other Total | yellow jand red| balsam |Cypress| soft- | Total | and and ory birch | maple | gum and | poplar | hard- pines | pines fir woods red red black woods oaks | oaks cherry 1,645] 6, 344|_.______ P46 | ete J eae | eels Fret oes en |e en ete eee | - Sens oh ee 1,773 TRO oes. 8 1,679) 7,157 839 188 76 1238) 2, B60). = 50. 322 9} 3, 425 1,713 0g eee 1,174} 5,720 813 123 19 DIR) ae ee © | ee 194 39} 2,371 1, 142 ds20te2sees2 77\| 4,143 414 142 19 770} 1,044) 222222. 182 20} 1, 552 767 EY Al eee 394| 2, 864 266 65 12 641} 1, 005/_______ 82 27 766 1, 517 420 |e=e sane 466} 4,011 360 CS eer 1,455) 1.472) 2..-.2< 62 35 593 PE] eee Aa Re ee 7 165 28| s2-222 i) otee ST 20 cae 16) osc s. 25 8,792) 15, 016)....-.2- 6, 439) 24,060} 2, 720 552 126 5,105] 5, 837/______- 858 130) 8, 732 563 20|seaaueies BGd EDs se eee eee eh eS ee Se ee ate a ee ol oe et 668 : eens 886] 20,769) 4,310) 2,850 1, 078 726) 1,819 219 2, 472 1,190) 6,105 585 cot ees 921} 19,394) 4,474] 2, 738 917 747| 1,678 228 1, 928 1,178} 5, 506 586 Zi |ee ee ees 598| 16,097) 3,465) 2, 505 783 636| 1, 456 233 1, 392 1, 246) 4, 381 421 uC | ee aeons 493) 11,466} 2,490) 1,812 502 492} 1, 233 212 697 896) 3, 132 610 ESI Pe eee 642) 20,154) 4,651} 3,151 678 1, 502} 2, 840 259 699 1,271) 5,103 43 | eee All oe ee 47) 2, 080 732 332 46 250 i 24 165 262 3, 476 1,962) S5csc2sc 4, 451) 89,960} 20,122] 13, 388 4, 004 4,353) 9,295) 1,151 7, 212 5, 946) 24, 489 1,255} 1, 729)._..._.- 2p AIS 2 Soe cele. oo Sees aren eee ea ee Se ee Sao te ee 1, 352 894) 2-2-2 22 , 887] 14,394) 2, 696 415 86 487) 1,918) 2222. | 7, 789 1, 213 CLA aera es 1, 336} 10,120) 2, 153 331 91 480) 1, 585)_______ 559]_....... 4, 921 926 7h ees 802) 6,583) 1,393 173 28 S16) 2, 2862.22.22 330)__--_ 2, 997 658, i 505} 4, 411 977 131 14 218 925) 220 oe 259] ___.-.-.. 1, 887 1, 074 92|22ceeee5 1,039) 5, 643) 1, 033 110 10 400) 1,.167)2...... 170). ones 2, 744 123 (| Pact eee) 118 341 46 (ae 25 60|cesss dl éstaseet 197 09; 705). 18,213) 2-2... 6, 601 Bp) 18,100) 41,492) 8, 298) 1, 166 229 1,986} 6, 941]_______ 2, 337|_ 2 -- 20, 535 1,227) .1,:227 1, 031 7 1 188 Sees ee|-sceene lasoceea| cece deat bse see eee anes Palin eS ee 19, 003} 1,135 915 7 11 202| 17, 868} 4,587) 4, 518 2, 009 8 549 204 1, 218 694) 4, 081 17, 811 851 659 4 8 180} 16,960) 4,164! 3, 960 1, 691 6 585 191 1, 350 756| 4, 257 15, 372 470 280 12 15 163| 14,902} 3,419) 3,349 1, 329 8 469 181 1, 162 800} 4,185 11, 325 248 132 10 9 97| 11,077} 2, 583} 2, 392 764 5 389 154 782 583} 3, 425 23, 207 331 93 12 67 159] 22,876} 5,137} 4, 600 1, 278 11 957 284 1, 207 1,007} 8,395 3, 992 AQ |G oe 25 at 14] 3,952} 1,050 605 137 2 112 26 95 46) 1,879 91,937) 4,302 3, 110 (| mere 112] 2 1,003} 87, 635) 20, 940) 19, 424 7, 208 40} 3,061) 1, 040 5, 814 3, 886] 26, 222 19, 702] 19, 702 2, 225 3, 470 8, 593 Ll), <0, 413 | ye eee es wk Se ee eae ee sene = 242 |saeteed eocoes|4-pececs]2eccesecleacesss 76, 293) 16, 105 2, 095 3, 800 5, 545 11} 4,654] 60, 188) 12,432} 7,97] 3, 249 2,359) 5, 446 423 5, 015 1, 893} 21, 400 63, 805) 11, 611 1, 431 3, 515 3, 046 8} 3,611) 52,194) 11,604) 7, 152 2, 718 2,247) 4,995 419 4, 031 1,973} 17, 055 49, 350) 7, 625 729 2, 666 1, 881 15) 2,334) 41,725) 8,691) 6, 169 2,159 1,790} 4, 255 414 3, 066 2,066) 13,115 34, 253) 4, 435 311 1, 856 770 9} 1,489] 29,818! 6,316) 4, 400 1, 292 1,356} 3, 552 366 1, 820 1,506} 9, 210 59, 213) 6, 529 295 3, 213 648 67) 2,306) 52, 684) 11,181) 7,895 1, 966 3, 368} 6, 436 543 2, 147 2,313) 16, 835 7, 158 G20)525.-2-= 426 7 1 186) 6,538) 1, 856 943 183 364 450 26 142 211} 2, 363 309, 774| 66, 627 7,086) 18,946) 20, 490 112} 19, 993/243, 147| 52,080) 34,530} 11,567) 11, 484) 25,134] 2,191) 16, 221 9, 962} 79, 978 'Includes 52 million board feet of ponderosa pine. 2 Includes 416 million board feet of ponderosa pine. 168 TABLE 20.—Net volume of TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES sawtimber on commercial forest land in the South, by species, diameter class, and region, January 1, 1963 (Million board feet, International 44-inch log rule) Softwoods Hardwoods Region and Total diameter class all Eastern| Spruce Select | Other Ash, (inches) species South- | white and Other white | white | Hick- | Yellow} Hard | Sweet-|walnut,| Yellow-| Other Total ern and | balsam/|Cypress| soft- | Total} and and ory birch | maple} gum and | poplar | hard- yellow red fir woods red red black woods pines | pines oaks | oaks cherry South Atlantic: O0=0 0 e502 52c.= 13,007} 13,007} 12, 217 232 14 382 162)- - sete S| oo ee eh ees bs | Se ee | ee | | eee ee 11.0-13.0__- --| 26, 980) 12,967} 12,080 236 14 484 153} 14,013} 2,439) 3, 237 1,115 11 52) 1, 692) 411 1,506) 3, 550 13.0-15.0__- _.| 24, 503] 10, 405 9, 287 269 31 662 156} 14,098} 2,409} 2, 987 1,076 16 63] 1,7. 378 1,561) 3,870 15.0-17.0- -- --| 18,204] 7,177 6, 380 195 21 476 105} 11,027) 1,823) 2,388 845 13 45) 1,391 285 1, 225) 3,012 17.0-19.0__- _-| 12,986) 4, 686 4, 164 122 14 320 66} 8,300) 1,372} 1,799 636 9 34) 1,048 214 922} 2, 266 19.0-29.0-__- --| 19,373] 5, 892 4, 434 408 45 509 496| 13,481) 2,539) 3, 445 973 28 47| 1,424 224 1, 433} 3, 368 29.0-+-_._....------ 2, 501 563 172 36|is: 2082 158 197} 1,938 498 696 190 3 8 134 20 75 314 Total. ....2s<- 117, 554) 54,697) 48, 734 1, 498 139 2,991} 1,335) 62,857) 11,080] 14, 552 4, 835 80 249) 7,427 1, 5382 6, 722) 16, 380 East Gulf: 9:0S1) 0-22-22 s.52- 13, 120} 13,120} 11, 843 q4) ee 1, 234 29|-e2sees| bes. ssa)nc Soca| Sac. See] ee =o Ree but Sa eo | eS ee eee eee 11.0-13.0__-_- 18,025} 12,205} 10, 543 4 | eee 1, 603 15) 5, 820 535) 1, 405 366 4 739 237 427| 2,107 13.0-15.0-_- 14,138) 8, 581 7,116 | Pee 1, 373 45) 5, 557 460) 1,330 375 3 804 205 358} 2,022 15.0-17.0-_- 9,300} 4, 986 4,121 1G) 2 = Peer 847 1) 4,314 315) 1, 186 308 sessesofeassnee 502 166 232) 1, 545 17.0-19.0__- 5, 848} 2, 705 2, 253 20) 2=2 5 oe 432) see <= 3, 143 330 908 208 4 353 137 207 996 19.0-29.0__-_- 8,476] 2, 845 1, 903 1Ou 22. ==-= 824 17) 5,631 543} 2,195 458 3 529 159 316) 1,426 29.0seu2 22 s2csete:s 983 219 t- 13) (eee eal eee ee 128 764 99 387 5 54 18 31 143 Potal.22c2252 69, 890} 44,661) 37, 865 243). 2228s 6, 441 112] 25,229) 2,282] 7,411 1, 802 2 19] 2,981 922 1,571] 8, 239 Central Gulf: 9:013.0.. 222-2222 10, 705| 10,705} 10, 508 ce eee 39 TUG sche os | et ee | oe Fe | ee |e | eee 11.0-13.0_____ 22, 335) 11,601) 11, 264 B2lLoecutee 137 148) 10,734; 1,581) 2,950 1, 360 4 70}. 1,252 382 555| 2, 580 13.0-15.0_-___ 20,321) 9, 967 9, 566 123) =2 Fes 125 153} 10,354] 1,622} 2,712 T55| 2-282 56] 1,155 389 748] 2,517 15.0-17.0_____ 14,812] 7,203} 6,821 103}. <= 155 124} 7,609} 1,138) 2,102 hyd eee 45 858 242 471) 1,966 17.0-19.0 10,014) 4, 544 4,121 123 | se 244 56} 5,470 808) 1,357 502 9 64 520 230 432) 1, 548 19.0-29.0 13,969) 5,427) 4, 685 118 | eat lease 497 127| 8,542) 1,567) 2,290 -840 15 99 803 302 546| 2, 080 29:0--..-------2-22 1, 463 299 202 y | eee ee 88 2} 1,164 231 422 40 ease 3 29 20 122 297 Total.<-25.2 93,619} 49,746) 47, 167 568). 2.228- 1, 285 726| 48,873} 6,947| 11,833) 4, 684 28 337| 4,617) 1,565) 2,874] 10,988 13, 566 15, 768 15, 271 12, 423 8, 961 9, 297 367 75, 653 50, 398 52, 541 44, 224 31, 789 20, 896 23, 461 1, 448 228 Total.--2:22.2 412, 070/224, 757) 204,839) 2, 309 139) 15, 234) 2, 236/187, 313) 25,787) 50,857) 16, 921 110 630} 23,688} 6,702} 11, 240) 51,378 | | { APPENDIX 169 TABLE 21.—Net volume of sawtimber on commercial forest land in the West, by species, diameter class, and region, January 1, 1963 (Million board feet, International 14-inch log rule) 744-350 O—65 1 2 Softwoods Hardwoods Region and diameter class | Total all (inches) species Ponderosa} Western Other Other Total Douglas- and white and | Western | True | Redwood) Spruce | soft- Total | Oaks | hard- fir Jeffrey sugar hemlock firs woods woods pines pines Pacific Northwest: TOSI eer eerie te ser eee |S 2 eRe ee RE (eee cal [eee ee ee | ees eee eee Ss | ER See [ae |e ame (Cee ee ae ee | ea eee S MMO=13'02 -. soeee 51, 683 45, 442 13, 293 3, 864 441 11, 787 5, 534 ll 3, 598 6, 914 6, 241 340 5, 901 13.0-15.0___----- 59, 421 53, 672 17, 291 4, 604 593 13,986 | 7,023 10 | 3,888 | 6,277 | 5,749 230 5, 519 LHO=17'0.-=-25-2- 64, 696 59, 140 19, 060 5, 381 789 16, 001 7,781 10 4,120 5, 998 5, 556 361 5, 195 170=19:02.2---== 65, 596 60, 886 19, 971 6, 317 760 15, 825 7, 813 15 4,174 6, O11 4,710 343 4, 367 19:0-29:0) ___.-._= 336, 115 325,271 | 106, 102 39, 039 4, 321 91,325 | 37, 592 77 | 23,040 | 23,775 | 10,844 987 9, 857 29.0+ 514, 418 511, 059 236, 277 38, 899 5, 782 114, 188 | 37,334 153 | 43,644 | 34,832 3, 359 213 3, 146 Motal <= 2 esc2eceseetesceces as Pacific Southwest -_-.------------ Northern Rocky Mountain Southern Rocky Mountain Total, West pete dcborasssasueteeossee ees True firs Redwood Spruce Other western softwoods Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut 325, 778 193, 841 318: |n222222ss2 42, 886 19, 004 308, 998 134, 473 180, 869 142, 695 92, 231 171, 309 459 , 025 40, 267 26, 470 78, 471 SOAP os seo e sees esos 50, 998 42,741 206, 197 114, 724 —1, 462 SSS oe es noe oe eee 81, 929 33, 656 61, 922 17, 794 583, 656 404, 713 92, 549 171, 309 176, 272 96, 426 617, 384 293, 461 1 Includes 3 million cubie feet of ponderosa pine growth. 2 Includes 1 million cubic feet of ponderosa pine cut. TABLE 27.—Net annual growth and cut of hardwood growing stock on commercial forest land in the United States, by species, section, and region, 1962 (Thousand cubic feet) Total Select white Other white Hickory Yellow birch and red oaks and red oaks Section and region Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut New England_-_-___-__-_-_------------------ 463, 300 132, 600 52, 900 24, 575 10, 800 4, 900 2, 600 858 65, 300 34, 032 Middle Atlantic. 1, 535, 700 366, 900 320, 200 92, 992 215, 900 50, 481 54, 600 12, 514 65, 600 13, 596 Lake States_____ 854, 416 314, 537 94, 660 40, 038 13, 884 9, 137 833 1, 471 8, 538 11, 086 Centrale: 2223.26 ec eee. 3) oes eel 938, 147 322, 039 193, 681 115, 390 184, 574 54, 930 93, 572 18, 095 980) ||Ls Soeee Total, North:...-...-:.--.-.-------.-.+- 3,791, 563 | 1, 136,076 661,441 | 272,995 425,158 | 119,448 | 155, 605 32,938 | 140, 418 58, 714 982, 200 448, 239 175, 600 75, 710 229, 100 105, 504 71, 000 31, 959 1, 000 482 421, 500 193, 647 36, 700 13, 865 107, 700 46, 421 18, 400 5, 570 100 103 707, 000 622, 809 99, 000 88, 000 196, 000 180, 000 76, 000 48,000). =="-2= 3s | eee 996, 000 478, 911 103, 000 76, 000 313,000 | 208, 000 99, 000 23,000): 2325. 2s | Sees Total; South.....<:.<22-ccces-eecacco-ns 3, 106, 700 1, 743, 606 414, 300 253, 575 845, 800 539, 925 264, 400 108, 529 1, 100 585 Pacific Northwest____-___-__--_---_--_-____- 267, 951 57,177 Pacific Southwest______________ 6, 903 15, 402 Northern Rocky Mountain 5, 311 1, 528 Southern Rocky Mountain 59, 392 3, 318 Wotal,, WeSt..< asacexaccaccaucceoececees 339, 557 77, 425 Total, all regions: ..- 2. -2222224-u-22 252225 7, 237,820 | 2,957,107 | 1,075,741 | 526,570 | 1,281,181 | 671,606 | 420,005 | 141,467 | 141,518 59, 299 Hard maple Sweetgum Ash, walnut, and Yellow-poplar Other hardwoods black cherry Section and region Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut INew: Bngland) 2.) 2282. a esses co ee Seed 71, 200 S118 %g lexi cenesces |(Soeeaces: 18, 500 9, 452 311 | 241, 400 27, 335 Middle Atlantic________- . 140, 000 40, 009 17, 700 4, 388 136, 800 23, 387 18, 771 486, 300 110, 762 Lake States aa 66, 593 40800) | | os- 522 s)|| te Sa 46, 656 DUG ROM a ool ce 619, 252 209, 233 Centrale st 2222 ck it tes ee ee 30, 375 13, 121 15, 514 3, 632 77, 965 20, 504 18, 708 299, 249 77, 659 Total, NOTtH.......2..022255occcnceceaccus 308, 168 125, 157 33, 214 8, 020 279, 921 56, 025 141, 437 37, 790 |1, 646, 201 424, 989 South: Atlanti¢ves .2 eee eet ee 4, 300 1, 865 114, 200 57, 040 26, 800 12, 930 101, 900 41, 950 258, 300 120, 799 MasiiGulf. 2.272 22 e222 2 300 160 75, 500 36, 939 13, 200 5, 475 38, 400 18, 141 131, 200 66, 973 Central Gulf z3 5, 000 3, 000 83,000 | 121,000 25, 000 11, 000 39, 000 34,000 | 184,000 137, 809 WiestiG@uli.2 22 enc ee eee eee Pe oe eee 159, 000 67, 000 47, 000 10, 000 1, 000 1, 000 274, 000 93, 911 Total, South =-22 etre tees ee eae 9, 600 5, 025 431,700 | 281,979 112, 000 39,405 | 180, 300 95,091 | 847, 500 419, 492 Pacific Northwest 259, 811 57, 177 Pacific Southwest 4, 820 3, 169 Northern Rocky Mountain 5, 311 1, 528 Southern Rocky Mountain 59, 392 3, 318 Total, West:2222 4 sss. 4. eos e oe ee Fo A SAY Fe eas a a | re nmr | Ene oe gm | [Loe ee 329, 334 65, 192 Total, allsregions:~.-/22..7 22.2222 52220 317, 768 130, 182 464,914 | 289,999 391, 921 95,430 | 321,737 | 132, 881 |2, 823, 035 909, 673 APPENDIX 175 TABLE 28.—Net annual growth and cut of sawtimber on commercial forest land in the United States, by softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962 (Thousand board feet, International 44-inch log rule) Section, region, and State New England: New Jersey New York_.----- Lake States: Michigan:+=2ssee £2 2 2 Se See en eee Minnesota_-_-_-_-_- North Dakota South Dakota (east)_-_._-__-_- WVASCONSIM!= <2 a s2 oes ee eee ee beat eee Mes MotaleNionth=: hase see! meee, nee yee Bae gn eee al South Atlantic: North Carolina_____ Be en ee nee 2 nee South Carolina___ Mississippi Mennessee sa oats See basal soeue esse MOtal es OUt Desens = ae ene Ss es eeec cele on nae Pacific Northwest: Alask Pacific Southwest: California ess weer A TE IER eNO Lees, na SAS i ale a ee ee All species Softwoods Hardwoods Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut 90, 000 42, 559 8, 000 5, 825 82, 000 36, 734 1, 069, 000 889, 778 784, 000 658, 109 285, 000 231, 669 101, 000 85, 657 30, 000 33, 034 71, 000 52, 623 395, 000 191, 053 232, 000 128, 696 163, 000 62, 357 6, 000 5, 254 400 1,610 5, 600 3, 644 306, 000 133, 699 105, 000 94, 726 201, 000 38, 973 1, 967, 000 1, 348, 000 1, 159, 400 922, 000 807, 600 426, 000 52, 000 30, 856 22, 000 21, 723 30, 000 9, 133 376, 000 181, 161 65, 000 65, 203 311, 000 115, 958 139, 000 60, 191 31, 000 19, 559 108, 000 40, 632 1, 128, 000 468, 678 201, 000 137, 418 927, 000 331, 260 1, 254, 000 572, 894 74, 000 135, 321 1, 180, 000 437, 573 1, 367, 000 445, 220 70, 000 50, 776 1, 297, 000 394, 444 4, 316, 000 1, 759, 000 463, 000 430, 000 3, 853, 000 1, 329, 000 1, 036, 082 495, 335 383, 011 148, 782 653, 071 346, 553 874, 960 328, 636 361, 860 179, 384 513, 100 149, 252 27, 000 S08) Woe ces ndoaenceeaull escketicesectus 27, 000 3, 341 33, 380 5, 945 1, 380 315 32, 000 5, 630 633, 000 467, 010 163, 000 124, 438 470, 000 342, 572 2, 604, 422 1, 300, 267 909, 251 452, 919 1, 695, 171 847, 348 208, 780 173, 583 1, 260 2,273 207, 520 171, 310 481, 000 187, 724 12, 944 4,178 468, 056 183, 546 217, 000 74, 583 258 1, 606 216, 742 72,977 142, 000 33, 298 331 568 141, 669 32, 730 1, 396, 316 631, 844 162, 400 26, 684 1, 233, 916 605, 160 482, 000 335, 236 55, 000 27, 160 427, 000 308, 076 57, 850 15, 758 18, 600 1, 222 39, 250 14, 536 603, 000 266, 671 16, 607 12, 638 586, 393 254, 033 3, 587, 946 1, 718, 697 267, 400 76, 329 3, 320, 546 1, 642, 368 12, 475, 368 6, 125, 964 2, 799, 051 1, 881, 248 9, 676, 317 4, 244, 716 3, 208, 000 2, 004, 420 1, 917, 000 1, 173, 088 1, 291, 000 831, 332 1, 555, 000 1, 299, 032 1, 127, 000 750, 075 428, 000 548, 957 1, 975, 000 1, 486, 757 872, 000 655, 206 1, 103, 000 831, 551 6, 738, 000 4, 790, 209 3, 916, 000 2, 578, 369 2, 822, 000 2,211, 840 1, 342, 000 825, 786 1, 067, 000 643, 087 275, 000 182, 699 3, 571, 000 1, 998, 444 2, 706, 000 1, 286, 006 865, 000 712, 438 4, 913, 000 2, 824, 230 3, 773, 000 1, 929, 093 1, 140, 000 895, 137 3, 297, 000 1, 686, 826 2, 602, 000 992, 574 695, 000 694, 252 1, 969, 000 1, 305, 043 1, 405, 000 503, 719 564, 000 801, 324 900, 000 819, 158 246, 000 168, 28C 654, 000 650, 878 6, 166, 000 3, 811, 027 4, 253, 000 1, 664, 573 _ 1,913, 000 2, 146, 454 2, 369, 000 1, 607, 444 1, 596, 000 854, 689 773, 000 752, 755 2, 985, 000 1, 368, 083 1, 737, 000 750, 782 1, 248, 000 617, 301 241, 000 123, 985 150, 000 74, 542 91, 000 49, 443 1, 918, 000 849, 654 1, 523, 000 554, 104 395, 000 295, 550 7, 513, 000 3, 949, 166 5, 006, 000 2, 234, 117 2, 507, 000 1, 715, 049 25, 330, 000 15, 374, 632 16, 948, 000 8, 406, 152 8, 382, 000 6, 968, 480 379, 000 617, 433 379, 000 617,433. sno eek eee. eoweckasoeetens 3, 655, 000 10, 795, 392 3, 318, 538 10, 667, 399 336, 462 127, 993 5, 917, 000 5, 725, 315 5, 456, 172 5, 474, 475 460, 828 250, 840 9, 951, 000 17, 138, 140 9, 153, 710 16, 759, 307 797, 290 378, 833 3, 526, 800 5, 919, 608 3, 502, 881 5, 878, 681 23, 919 40, 927 oe re eee 3 Ie one nbicy Reape NCE [Bon eee veo ae | [Die ae eRe 3, 000 3, 526, 800 | 5, 922, 608 3, 502, 881 5, 878, 681 23, 919 43, 927 176 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 28.—Net annual growth and cut of sawtimber on commercial forest land in the United States, by softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962—Continued (Thousand board feet, International 44-inch log rule) eketieersnes ; Allspecies — Softwoods Hardwoods Section, region, and State Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Northern Rocky Mountain: Idaho : 1, 212, 000 1, 435, 213 1, 210, 000 1, 433, 898 2, 000 1, 315 892, 000 1, 276, 834 885, 000 1, 269, 023 7, 000 7,811 46, 237 52, 717 46, 148 52, 717 89))|2 522). eee 278, 951 113, 578 286, 826 113, 569 —7, 875 9 ol) | a ee 2, 429, 188 2, 878, 342 2, 427, 974 2, 869, 207 1, 214 9, 135 Southern Rocky Mountain WASIZON Ack ok eae 2 eee sae oe ee 328, 955 396, 824 324, 010 396, 430 4,945 394 514, 256 229, 892 423, 742 228, 655 90, 514 1, 237 5, 000 2, 947 5, 000 eG y) G) Beene eee ee 276 198, 454 251, 523 206, 837 245, 019 —8, 383 6, 504 94, 435 80, 145 74, 664 80, 144 19, 771 1 WOtGlia ws wc oo aa eee 1, 141, 100 961, 331 1, 034, 253 952, 919 106, 847 8, 412 MOG! WieStp 2 l= = Se eS ee Ae eee 17, 048, 088 26, 900, 421 16, 118, 818 26, 460, 114 929, 270 440, 307 Total, all régions: <= ==. 2. > 2-2 -2sc- 2.2 ese eat 54, 853, 456 48, 401, 017 35, 865, 869 36, 747, 514 18, 987, 587 11, 653, 503 TABLE 29.—Net annual growth and cut of softwood sawtimber on commercial forest land in the United States, by species, section, and region, 1962 (Thousand board feet, International 44-inch log rule) EASTERN SOFTWOODS Total Southern yellow pines | Eastern white and | Spruce and balsam Cypress Other eastern ne Sal red pines fir softwoods Section and region Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut New England____--_} 1,159, 400 922, 000 3, 600 6, 585 285, 400 321, 000. 688, 400 182, 000 140, 982 Middle Atlantic_____ 463, 000 430, 000 121, 700 146, 378 93, 900 76, 027 91, 200 156, 200 159, 706 Lake States__-__--_- 909, 251 452, OUG ules 2. 22ers ho | ee ete 264, 626 75, 190 222, 593 1 422,032 | 2255, 439 44, 616 16, 016 @entrallsscs23-s222 267, 400 76, 329 219, 614 54, 857 1,775 95.063) |s2ss==22252= Total, North___-_-- 2,799,051 | 1, 881, 248 344, 914 207,820 | 645,701 | 475, 280 1, 395 2,393 | 804, 848 572, 143. South Atlantic 3,916,000 | 2,578,369 | 3,628,900 | 2, 357, 200 60, 500 50, 012 168,400 | 122,418 53, 300 44, 606 East Gulf__----- -| 3,773,000 | 1,929,093 | 3,544,800 | 1, 860, 120 15, 900 877 208, 600 67, 302 3, 700 794 Central Gulf_____--- 4, 253,000 | 1,664,573 | 4,073,000 | 1,612,573 32, 000 13, 000 103, 000 24, 000 45, 000 15, 000 West Gulf. --.------ 5006, 000.) :2;:234;017'| 4,699,000.) 2182) 007 |. 22. 2 2}- 2282-22. | S22 ce2eceeee 304, 000 49, 000 3, 000 3, 000 Total, South------- 16, 948,000 | 8,406,152 | 15,945,700 | 8,012,010 | 108, 400 63, 889 4, 900 4,133 | 784,000 | 262,720 | 105,000 63, 400 Total, East___-.---- 19, 747, 051 | 10,287,400 | 16,290,614 | 8,219,830 | 754,101 | 539,169 | 1,007,093 | 627,745 | 785,395 | 265,113 | ! 909, 848 | ? 635, 543 WESTERN SOFTWOODS Total Douglas-fir Ponderosa and Western white and Western hemlock Jeffrey pines sugar pines Section and region — Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Pacific Northwest_____________- 9,153,710 | 16, 759, 307 3, 627, 752 9, 950, 276 661, 120 1, 679, 989 98, 807 166, 880 2, 060, 877 2, 728, 905 Pacific Southwest-------------- 3, 502, 881 5, 878, 681 954, 560 2, 417, 902 663, 947 906, 493 251, 070 415, 622 10, 916 4,115 Northern Rocky Mountain____| 2,427,974 2, 869, 207 669, 526 758, 380 432, 292 531, 887 167, 570 246, 481 43, 634 41, 088 Southern Rocky Mountain____| 1, 034, 253 952, 919 304 88, 592 598, 628 525, 089 |..-.--- --. |. -s22 2a | eek 3 ee eee Motel: MW eSbss22 2252s Shc asd 16,118,818 | 26, 460, 114 5, 252, 142 | 13, 215, 150 2, 355, 987 3, 643, 408 517, 447 828, 983 2,115, 427 2, 774, 108 True firs Redwood Spruce Other western softwoods Section and region Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Pacitic, North Wests: = 2 2n2ea=ee ene ee en eee 1, 265, 204 | 1, 252, 587 1670 eset eae 167, 107 123,816 | 1,271,173 856, 854 Pacific Southwest_--------_- 945, 221 896, 499 480, 313 1, 068, 156 2, 168 6, 467 194, 686 163, 427 Northern Rocky Mountain _- 318, 315 944.046 \| bon er ee Ree 265, 639 258, 176 530, 998 688, 249 Southern Rocky Mountain____________..___--____-_____- — 59, 282 ‘51 388) |bo a pe = ees |e See 365, 686 190, 294 128, 917 97, 606 Motals, West. 222 -- =: | 2 s22 55222 e eaeoh vee sear een eee 2, 469, 458 2, 545, 420 481, 983 1, 068, 156 800, 600 578, 753 2,125, 774 1, 806, 136 1 Includes 19 million board feet of ponderosa pine growth. 2 Includes 2 million board feet of ponderosa pine cut. APPENDIX irs TABLE 30.—Net annual growth and cut of hardwood sawtimber on commercial forest land in the United States, by species, section, and region, 1962 (Thousand board feet, International 44-inch log rule) Total Select white Other white Hickory Yellow birch ; and red oaks and red oaks Section and region \ . Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut 426, 000 103, 500 71, 208 23, 400 14, 821 4,100 1, 889 159, 000 115, 004 1, 329, 000 822, 500 362, 057 540, 800 176, 060 129, 100 33, 344 190, 300 53, 487 847, 348 284, 458 116, 253 35, 788 25, 386 10, 693 2, 988 20, 478 48, 021 1, 642, 368 737, 043 593, 177 725, 948 261, 069 284, 885 67, 099 BpOhO | oa—sces-—s2e 9, 676, 317 4, 244, 716 1, 947, 501 1, 142, 695 1, 325, 936 477, 336 428, 778 105, 320 373, 148 216, 512 2, 822, 000 2, 211, 840 504, 100 384, 799 641, 500 503, 406 215, 700 163, 530 3, 600 2,575 1, 140, 000 895, 137 100, 000 60, 717 316, 300 205, 314 52, 400 2258 t=|| coeaeeeased 733 1, 913, 000 2, 146, 454 295, 000 334, 000 513, 000 594, 000 197, 000 137, 000 1, 000 1, 000 2, 507, 000 1, 715, 049 249, 000 278, 000 766, 000 755, 000 254, 000 Wh O00 eoesne-22sn2| esl sockee Total, South______- SE EE Beane 8, 382, 000 6, 968, 480 1, 148, 100 1, 057, 516 2, 236, 800 2, 057, 720 719, 106 400, 407 4, 600 4, 308 Pacific: Northwest.........-..-. a 797, 290 310;000)||Koe ese aes al Renee eee. 24, 740 Pacific Southwest________-_-__- 23,919 33927 c| 025 coc seee ieee a Soe Sw Tah Northern Rocky Mountain____ 1, 214 Oh 36 5| ee eee || tS oe ieren eis oe Dene oe Southern Rocky Mountain____- 106, 847 Seal o| Gea ee) oe ee eee eee tee photalie Wester. one ae eae 929, 270 4405807: |2- 22s e 2 ses|lnaness2 noose 32, 503 Total,all'regions:...-:=.--=--.- 18, 987, 587 | 11, 653, 503 3, 095, 601 2, 200, 211 3, 595, 239 2, 568, 661 1, 147, 878 505, 727 377, 748 220, 820 Hard maple Sweetgum Ash, walnut, and Yellow-poplar Other hardwoods black cherry Section and region r hs , 2 Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut New England___..._--_.-__--- 173, 500 M5670 |t -ncoscetee- [beets sss 25, 000 17, 641 4, 600 2, 498 314, 500 87, 372 Middle Atlantic 373, 100 156, 595 47, 200 17,102 336, 200 72, 506 320, 800 68, 034 1, 093, 000 389, 815 Lake States_____ 111, 281 1525530 Wea ose 3 |e ee ee 90, 808 12, 850M e222 os.cstes|sscSsevese se 1, 141, 665 489, 317 Gentrals: 32-62 22 ese oe 96, 145 61, 047 51, 543 23, 134 254, 284 105, 834 200, 973 114, 902 966, 355 416, 106 Mota Noches: 22c = 222 S 754, 026 485, 742 98, 743 40, 236 706, 292 208, 831 526, 373 185, 434 | 3, 515, 520 1, 382, 610 11, 300 &, 343 337, 100 292, 439 66, 300 53, 744 329, 000 232, 619 713, 400 570, 385 600 768 158, 500 178, 081 36, 100 24, 304 106, 400 103, 398 369, 700 298, 945 @entral/Gulf.c2 2 = 5 = ee 12, 000 10, 000 214, 000 405, 000 66, 000 48, 000 119, 000 130, 000 496, 000 487, 454 VO GGT ses re oe es ee oe ee ace 391, 000 240, 000 122, 000 32, 000 4, 000 2, 000 721, 000 331, 049 otal; Soutne-n 322222 set 23, 900 19,111 1, 100, 600 1, 115, 520 290, 400 158, 048 558, 400 468, 017 2, 300, 100 1, 687, 833 ecifceNonth western ea ent ee ll eee eae. 772, 550 378, 833 RS CILLCISOUE West hee sarees oe eae ee cal oe San Lee ne se ee 16, 156 10, 322 NortherneRocky Mountain == 2|" =. > ==. % 2-52 sa 0-2 ee] -- 2225-2 ee 1, 214 9, 135 Southermunocky: Mountains | ans cosas leis 2 ako ee csi occ zacecee 106, 847 8, 412 PRO ba eV Ga ere ree eerie eee ee Se eee oe lla oes owen a eeees een eon noencesel sae ccactees eausdesueccc| agusedscece= 896, 767 406, 702 Motal;:all regions--==-=--=-=-==- 777, 926 504, 853 1, 199, 343 1.155, 756 A 996, 692 366, 879 1, 084, 773 653, 451 6, 712, 387 3, 477, 145 178 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 31.—Net annual growth and cut of growing stock on commercial forest land in the United States, by ownership, softwoods and hardwoods, section, and region, 1962 (Thousand cubic feet) All ownerships National Forest Section and region All species Softwoods Hardwoods All species Softwoods Hardwoods Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth Cut Growth} Cut New England_-____-_-___] 1, 001, 700 398, 300 538, 400 265, 700 463, 300 132, 600 48, 500 12, 616 13, 500 5,795 | 35, 000 6, 821 Middle Atlantic________ 1, 685, 600 485, 500 149, 900 118, 600 | 1, 535, 700 366, 900 75, 000 11, 786 4, 300 3,172 | 70,700 8, 614 Lake States____---__-__- 1, 152, 489 469, 352 298, 073 154, 815 854, 416 314, 537 137, 273 51, 198 51, 969 27,442 | 85, 304 23, 756 Gentrale 2-222. -22c 2252 995, 927 343, 159 57, 780 21, 120 938, 147 322, 039 60, 981 9, 387 16, 091 2, 737 | 44,890 6, 650 Total, North._...-_---_- 4, 835,716 | 1,696,311 | 1,044, 153 560, 235 | 3,791,563 | 1, 136, 076 321, 754 84, 987 85, 860 39, 146 |235, 894 | 45, 841 South Atlantic__________ 2,013, 500 | 1,196,843 | 1, 031, 300 748, 604 982, 200 448, 239 116, 300 56, 645 47, 700 29,172 | 68, 600 27, 473 Hast Gull... .-2-s 614, 329 131, 629 482, 700 = POA vee. 2 sence ee eee 20, 310 20 20,290 || Northern Rocky Mountain: 26, 000 421 25, 579 ahOet ss ee ee 13, 700 52 13, 648 Montana____-__--____- 19, 220 22 19, 198 South Dakota (west) __ 32, 000 2, 700 29, 300 Wyoming 2-22 = 70, 000 1, 000 69, 000 5, 480 280 5, 200 Ota secnese aces set see Sere 18, 500 771 17, 729 Southern Rocky Mountain: 205, 210 5, 266 199, 944 Arizona Colorado 1, 532, 839 461, 095 1,071, 744 Nevada ———————] New Mexico___ Utah 225i ee 199, 300 80, 000 119, 300 89, 200 42, 800 46, 400 Motals 222. = Losses See- 151, 600 49, 300 102, 300 Total, WeSt._2:-2- <.-22e2seuceess 440, 100 172, 100 268, 000 Total, all fefiONS > ..222- see eseema |e ence Sel ne oe 670 G70 let. Bees 7,712,000 | 7, 656, 000 56,000 | 3,436,000 | 3, 436, 000 2, 128 2, 013 115 3, 473,000 | 3, 415, 000 58, 000 689, 000 689, 000 5,117 4, 813 304 Mo tales tomer reac cates Iles op Ss 11, 278, 994 | 11, 164, 994 114,000 | 4,125,000 | 4,125,000 |_..________. 7, 915 7, 496 419 | Pacific Southwest: 1 Californias eas! ee 8 5, 002,000 | 4, 990, 000 12, 000 659, 200 659, 027 173 643 593 50 Hawaii | 1500) |e ee 2 1, 500 DO} ae ee asset Bb eteas Soe neon sees sl eee eee ss Total 5, 003, 500 4, 990, 000 13, 500 659, 235 659, 027 208 643 593 50 Northern Rocky Mountain: BHOZse eae ae eae eases FSi 1,417,052 | 1, 416, 052 1,000 19, 030 18, 750 280 592 DOD: | 225 soe ee Montana 1, 168, 278 1, 160, 278 8, 000 111, 642 WNT, 642" a 2222-22 2 367 367° |--22 2222225 38, 958 OB hOD Saloon = eee ee eel ee ser ae ee eee See 41 3 Cl ee eee 106, 712 1OG;4712> ||; sec ee Re 2 | 2 eee hl ee en ees ee PY 16 IG) eds eece= photaleaste to eee iter 2,731,000 | 2, 722, 000 9, 000 130, 672 130, 392 280 1, 016 DOUG yl. 2222. a2 ee Southern Rocky Mountain: Arizona 333, 757 333, 757 Colorado 217, 918 216, 918 Nevada 2 2, 437 2, 437 New Mexico 258, 403 251, 403 NG) tet Sa eae ne 77, 485 77, 485 PRO belle eee te 890, 000 882, 000 eG tals Wiest sme eer ay ot kek 19, 903, 494 | 19, 758, 994 144,500 | 4,914,907 | 4,914, 419 488 9, 665 9, 194 471 otal wallerepionss2*_ 2522.22 __ 2. Pee 34, 132, 537 | 27,334,886 | 6,797,651 | 5,917,126 | 4,931,562 985, 564 43, 126 33, 212 9, 914 See footnotes at end of table. 744-350 O—65 14 188 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 38.—Total output of timber products in the United States, by product, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962 \—Continued Miscellaneous industrial wood Section, region, and State Total miscellaneous Cooperage All species Softwoods Hardwoods | All species Softwoods Hardwoods Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand New England: cu. ft. cu. ft. cu. ft. bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 Connecticut: < -2< sie. 2232s sei seeeet sees 611 514 OT eae e noone oes | seer eee | ee eee Maines 223.5 oo. 2,026 Lot 295 1, 353 13353) | === Massachusetts_-___--_-- 519 437 82 457 435 22 New Hampshire________ 1, 214 771 443 2,901 2, 365 536 Rhode Island___-_.___-- 54 22 O32) (sce pete e awe |e cea eee |e IMETINOING: Cs- 2 i el esccese cot etGen ven cote eS ee ot ee 1, 268 612 656: |22222 2. 3 | ee ee eee eee oe) 6 a ee ae Pa 9 Rae Cmte GM 5, 692 4, 087 1, 605 4,711 4, 153 558 Middle Atlantic: WMelawares‘e22-2 2012. eke Se c0 3 Yad es eo ee 721 454 Maryland____--_-___-2___- 33.125 1,418 1, 707 New Jersey_.--------_-- 7, 259 3, 242 4,017 New York_. 18, 562 6, 618 11, 944 Pennsylvani: 34, 937 5, 678 29, 259 West Virginia 15, 954 3, 172 12, 782 Motels so2ste sec ose os Saco Gwed See ee Se os oe eee 80, 558 20, 582 59, 976 §;.2835| 22225522 22e-8 5, 283 Lake States: IMA CHIP AN. 222 esse ec sete s een ce te Loo eeeee 2s Se 23, 473 4, 454 Wiinnesotas. #<2< = 206 cece essed 9, 736 4,146 North Dakota______-__-_______ 2097) casseeenee=es South Dakota (east) 499 142 WASCONSIMN: = 322 Siete 2 nsec ilk cee ee ete eee ee 16, 730 2, 813 50, 697 11, 555 39, 142 MOON soe eae 7,700 6, 030 18 6, 012 27, 419 2, 897 291 2, 606 6, 244 1, 334 39 1, 295 3, 900 887 33 854 2, 250 Kentucky 15, 524 2, 235 13, 289 21,017 Missouri___ 23, 824 1, 440 22, 384 27, 341 462 58 404 150 5, 705 335 5,370 12, 459 56, 663 4, 449 52, 214 1002780:3| 2222s see e 100, 780 193, 610 40, 673 152, 937 118, 474 4, 153 114, 321 5, 244 3, 706 1, 538 12, 998 4,140 8, 858 14, 038 13, 545 493 2 -AG0 i rasa 8 cao 2, 460 13, 180 7,024 6, 156 4, 649 4,017 632 32, 462 24,275 8, 187 20, 107 8, 157 11, 950 21,916 18, 749 3.167 |cos--s-2252-2|=2 ts eee 12, 404 10, 365 2, 039 2) 820s eee eees 2, 825 34, 320 29,114 5, 206 2. 825) eas. eee 2, 825 Central Gulf: MADAMA 2-5 228 5S eS e eee een wee sae ans See eee et 26, 391 18, 414 7,977 11, 526 8, 331 3, 195 Mississippi 24, 056 10, 306 13, 750 12, 834/52 Cees 12, 834 MONNCSSCC:_ oo Se kee Pod Pn eis WE Pe ee ee 30, 456 3, 202 27, 254 25, 644 115 25, 529 80, 903 31, 922 48, 981 50, 004 8, 446 41, 558 27, 671 12, 947 14, 724 18, 578 19, 021 12, 236 6, 785 , 000 8, 479 2, 596 5, 883 82 20, 863 12, 731 8, 132 906 76, 034 40, 510 35, 524 24,5664). <2 eee 24, 566 223, 719 125, 821 97, 898 97, 502 16, 603 80, 899 1 21, 978 32, 087 54, 066 138, 443 13, 411 80 Wied ee WE Sa eee | Se 124) ts ea 124.1) 05 2 ers | es | eee 13, 567 13, 411 V56 ee ce oh a See | eee See footnotes at end of table. NoeuU Sib awe APPENDIX 189 TABLE 38.—Total output of timber products in the United States, by product, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962 \—Continued Miscellaneous industrial wood Section, region, and State Total miscellaneous Cooperage All species Softwoods Hardwoods | All species Softwoods Hardwoods Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Northern Rocky Mountain: cu. ft. cu. ft. cu. ft. bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 BDO eerie Abts. stew ee un 6 Alana he ese sees sora t a Sense! 5, 977 O,060 1 Y . AGH ste. cease sescecsdul cenveesss—28 Montana sere s. a2 2 See eee ee seine 4, 933 BO82: | Cee a AN Re a Se ee ae eke South Dakota (west)_ 1, 651 GDI 3 ee oe ee ou Soon Secale ead tetas el SPs een eae WWiMOMIIE ck cee Soe oe ne lac Dee aa aeb as peweebessecoeseey 574 Sop ius |) oe setete ne aloo ue te cen Satie aete eases LS EO Gall ae es 2 EA ts 5G 2 Se gee ts 13, 135 13, 103 Borsa eee ees Sect aa eeaee coset see eee esses Southern Rocky Mountain: Arizona 1, 306 929 377 Colorado 3, 911 2, 703 1, 208 Nevada 93 50 43 Mew Mexico 988 950 38 RUNG eee ee eg he ee ent wie nae aacansaccupas® 1, 048 646 402 BOGAN or eee ewe m oe te ee ete ee et oS, eas 7, 346 5, 278 2 OOS jer Pne ee aetna 2 eee oe MROCARRW CSU eee a ene ek eater Fe Pe ele oS aS es 88, 114 85, 796 Qi O18 estesscot~ sas aiseecees ssi 2sd|bss te. eziseces MotaleallsreglouSs=s 2 os- Soo - sees ose Re oe ees 505, 443 252, 290 253, 153 215, 976 20, 756 195, 220 Miscellaneous industrial wood (continued) Section, region, and State Piling Poles Posts All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods| All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods] All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand New England: lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces Wonnecticutsas- f= ss 25.65.22 ee ee 58 13 45 543 514 2 VEGI Gig se se ants Soe at er eed bee Nee he So saeco eed 128 1 Dene eee Massachusetts_-_-_----_-- 35 0 28 191 151 40 New Hampshire a fi lesecaeeeecss! 65 13 52 Rhode Island___ Sie cconecere 2 37 26 18 8 Wiermonte.. -2-cce- 222 oso Sosa accuse 9 i 2 859 603 256 TAIN GX 2) Li Sia a, See iat one, Mere oe ies ew 146 34 112 1,812 1, 427 385 Middle Atlantic: MM elawares 2525 sas te oe se es 675 394 281 255 104 151 Maryland.2os <=. ss lcss2822 1,071 875 196 2, 060 843 1, 217 New Jersey. 400 160 240 1, 744 1, 684 60 New York-___- 433 95 338 10, 759 4, 935 5, 824 IRennsylvania=: =~ 22-252 S22 BO2N sees eee 382 13, 256 6, 034 7, 222 Wweste Virginia) 2 is.5 22 Se ele Bip) ents tec 57 1, 366 554 812 WIR O Gaia ee Se eo Ee se 3, 018 1, 524 1, 494 11 5 6 29, 440 14, 154 15, 286 Lake States: Michi ga ns tosis Sue ne es 3, 500 3, 100 400 Minnesota___ 4, 500 1, 700 2, 800 North Dakot 200) encseccaow se 200 South Dakota (east) 350 110 240 WWVASCONSINs osc ortee pa ee 6, 000 2, 500 3, 500 BIRO LEN Sse ree ee we Sete Me Ses 520 215 305 14, 550 7,410 7, 140 Central: VOUT 00) ES eae ee ee 450 |_------ 450 Indiana__ 1, 300 300 1, 000 Towa____- 800 50 750 Kansas _____ 520 50 470 Kentuckys 2222-23 eee 3, 600 1, 600 2, 000 Missouri____ 11, 000 1, 500 9, 500 Nebraska_ 445 75 370 ONO et ea ee ans re 1, 500 200 1, 300 MOGA|Hmewers o> Wee os y= ee 19, 615 3, 775 15, 840 | Total, North 65, 417 26, 766 38, 651 | South Atlantic: > NOnthi@arolina ss a 36 + ey| |e oil 153 Es jal Eee caper 1, 590 1, 415 175 NouthhCarolina teak sees oe rc. hse ei ee eee [een eee! 1, 071 AOU 222 ee 342 23 104 Wir ein iaes soe FP ee ee 7, 310 5, 820 1, 490 68 61 i 1, 761 1, 000 761 "AGTH Ne Rr A 7, 346 5, 856 1, 490 1, 292 1, 285 7 3, 693 2, 653 1, 040 190 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 38.—Total output of timber products in the United States, by product, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962 *—Continued Miscellaneous industrial wood (continued) Section, region, and State Piling Poles Posts All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods} All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods| All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand East Gulf: lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. pieces pieces ieces ieces ieces iec MlOri@ia: 22se 525.0225. os eee shat 8, 976 8/076. || zeae 2 581 581 oe aeotses z 1, 669 sg 1, 669 ip aese ra Georgian: 222. so cs sso ob See 2e. ea 648 G48) se Ree 558 5B}, ate tenes 3, 569 3, 429 140 Total 6 --222ncsceci seks seen se seeeseee 9, 624 OhG28 to hese oe ee 1, 139 bP th ea 5, 238 5,098 | - 140 Central Gulf: AJaDONIG ....40cc onde cece ccetecenancvnsdccds 1, 201 820 7,645 2,790 4,855 Mississippi 4, 043 446 16, 443 2, 589 13, 854 PenneSsOG 2,-2.2 <2 ne en cece ea eucoucuees 580 22 10, 049 2,310 7,739 MOtal ssc tes ase cees snot eee 5, 824 1, 288 34, 137 7, 689 26, 448 West Gulf: ATKansaS. 2. 22%e e222 ess ube elteecoeecs se! 2,175 1,972 544 16, 242 8, 064 8,178 Touisiana.22222-222:<.255<2 4, 783 4, 783 400 5, 837 3, 034 2, 803 Oklahoma 42 42 51 13, 222 3, 053 10, 169 MOXOS! 23 a sane oko a as til ee ses 2, 769 2, 769 652 16, 465 5, 608 10, 857 Wotalt.- ceive ss ceScs bites acct ceases 9, 769 9, 566 203 1, 647 51, 766 19, 759 32, 007 "Total S0utWi. 2.22 fe2ccsk lb ceaeteec ss sucess 32, 563 30, 870 1, 693 5, 366 5, 359 di 94, 834 35, 199 59, 635 Pacific Northwest: AlOske. = 2 s2o5 Joan So ccth Sect ete daceties Oregon Washington Total Pacific Southwest: Calliformiax. 22.2522 22225525 eeeseeese ces 766 702 64 84 {0 ogee eee 413 413) | 22. eee Diawells - 222-226 nse ececad escape ssske been |obsmcescness|Louscse len Ss|ssencess leds esacsnseoues lade ac eeaeeleascctenccsa Cp |e ee 40 453 413 40 818 818 1, 047 1, 047 596 596 79 79 2, 540 2,540) ioe eee 173 171 2 368 368; |= ees 38 38/22. 235 230 5 16 ly) ae 830 823 7 TTOtAl, WV OSlloeecaceneasteteescccos caneeweus 3, 593 3, 529 64 883 B83) ecu sette sees 8, 498 8,395 103 Total* 222. oy. 419 404 15 9, 307 9, 275 32 952 756 196 353 353 |.-------- 8, 643 8,643 ns: 522-55 3, 673 2,475 TV 98 9 erent ee seen coe salins eee 3, 700 3, 557 143 54 12 42 32 49 49 |S cteset 593 589 4 361 6,257 6, 099 158 eee ee 859 475 384 13 1,514 PGS: |osceseoe ee ae 6, 131 4, 307 1, 824 759 742 17 20, 163 19, 862 301 Motal,- West: 221-222-252: 340, 276 37, 188 53, 885 51, 960 1, 925 14, 603 11, 979 2, 624 472,893 | 456,588 | 16,305 Total, all regions... ______] 2,353,377 | 1, 725, 030 628, 347 380, 107 202, 585 177, 522 517, 272 93, 220 [ 424,052 | 1,236, 844 | 644,233 | 592, 611 198 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 41.—Roundwood production from growing stock in the United States, by product, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962 Section, region, and State New England: Massachusetts. __- New Hampshire--_________ Rhode Island-__---_________ Vermont.......-=- . Middle Atlantic: Delaware--_------ Maryland_____---_-_____ New Jersey- ------ New York-__-_----- Pennsylvania_---_- eo gelncts Wiest Vittie 2. 2202 eccescSecausanceanede! Lake States: Michigan. --_----_____ Minnesota---_-----__- South Dakota (east) _____ ‘Wisconsin:.........-.- Kentucky Missouri_.==-2-<---2<<- otal, NOUR. 22c22sce cove dscascensecsene cs South Atlantic: North Carolina South Carolina Virginia MADAMA. 2 cccedss cee secdacnkonedeeeaacae Mississippi Tennessee: .-- -22+--2-5222i2-scesheecen ese Total, Souths. <222..- eect selec senesced Pacific Northwest: A Oregon Pacific Southwest: California__ See footnotes at end of table. Saw logs ! Veneer logs Pulpwood All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods)| All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods | All species | Softwoods | Hardwoods Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 bd. ft.? bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 cords cords cords 27, 905 2, 230 25, 675 25 12 13 233, 519 215, 454 18, 065 1, 991 1, 543 448 67, 331 27, 396 39, 935 22 16 6 122, 464 104, 404 18, 060 136 70 66 950) 2 sae eeesSe 950 14 9 71, 679 55, 514 16, 165 158 134 24 523, 848 404, 998 118, 850 73, 157 871 72, 286 2, 346 1, 780 566 19, 600 15, 830 3, 770 3443) estes reese. 3, 443 18 13.|S2 ees 117, 365 39, 100 78, 265 8, 205 16 8, 189 110 65 45 16, 945 1, 855 15, 090 A> 930) 522 Bee 4, 239 40 29 ll 272, 560 70, 760 201, 800 23,324) |. S22 se oe 23, 324 307 100 207 396, 985 74, 485 322, 500 5;079) 522222 - 222 5, 079 585 182 403 314, 695 20, 485 294, 210 PAE lll neers ee eres 2, 571 177 37 140 1, 138, 150 222, 515 915, 635 46, 861 16 46, 845 1, 237 431 806 289, 500 68, 000 221, 500 21, 760 162 150, 100 80, 700 9, 400 0.988: [wes eee V28%|:sae2s2s-2e- 1, 287 2b: ssesaske ss 1, 470 35 1, 435 900) | -2seSSe ese 251, 300 62, 300 189, 000 24-075) | eee 693, 657 211, 035 482, 622 56, 348 162 100, 000 495 99, 505 10; 868; | peseeee =. ee 127, 100 5, 000 122, 100 122388) [oss2e see 42, 450 2, 000 40, 450 95267 as-. Saves 16, 500 1, 000 15, 500 Figo (| RO a 454, 823 23, 242 431, 581 19455) |e 216, 600 30, 000 186, 600 4, 608 6 9, 435 435 9, 000 B80uescoense sees! 191, 700 15, 000 176, 700 10::293; | cae 1, 158, 608 77,172 | 1,081, 436 64, 466 6 64, 460 448 45 403 3, 514, 263 915, 720 2, 598, 543 240, 832 1, 055 239, 777 6, 911 3, 552 3, 359 1, 519, 404 1, 057, 908 461, 496 150, 274 9, 253 141, 021 1, 584 1, 221 363 760, 140 513, 864 246, 276 78, 764 744 78, 020 1, 796 1, 419 377 1, 050, 576 520, 264 530, 312 34, 796 605 34,191 1, 435 1, 019 416 3, 330,120 | 2,092,036 | 1, 238, 084 263, 834 10, 602 253, 232 4,815 3, 659 1, 156 326, 313 310, 359 15, 954 82, 766 3, 723 79, 043 1, 996 1, 874 122 1, 089, 047 782, 991 306, 056 116, 393 417 115, 976 4, 033 3, 600 433 1, 415, 360 1, 093, 350 322, 010 199, 159 4,140 195, 019 6, 029 5, 474 555 1, 085, 300 747, 925 337, 375 101, 346 426 100, 920 2, 578 1, 990 588 767, 659 392, 116 375, 543 61 ;,703)||| 2252 sg22 2! 61, 703 1, 642 787 855 572, 382 145, 515 426, 867 11, 021 351 10, 670 368 185 183 2,425, 341 | 1,285,556 | 1,139, 785 174, 070 777 173, 293 4, 588 2, 962 1, 626 1, 194, 502 757, 761 436, 741 YT ee ea 34, 438 1, 187 892 295 971, 875 590, 994 380, 881 SOR 4S0U| S232 ee 35, 430 1,618 1, 260 358 86, 074 71, 729 14, 345 QHO1S! | sca sae es ea 2, 918 27 9 18 600, 964 443, 387 157, 577 34, 673 366 34, 307 991 768 223 2,853,415 | 1, 863, 871 989, 544 107, 459 366 107, 093 3, 823 2, 929 894 10, 024, 236 | 6,334,813 | 3, 689, 423 744, 522 15, 885 728, 637 19, 255 15, 024 4, 231 93, 994 O3:004) 22! Sees BS ee eae nee 655 655,222 =s2ses 6, 749, 000 | 6, 700, 000 49,000 | 2,611,000 | 2,611, 000 809 694 115 3,184,000 | 3, 133, 000 51, 000 34, 000 634, 000 2, 545 2, 241 304 10, 026,994 | 9, 926, 994 100,000 | 3,245,000 | 3, 245,000 |_----_.-_-_- 4, 009 3, 590 419 4,761,949 | 4,749,949 12, 000 652, 989 652, 816 173 7 6 1 1,500) | 22 222-2 1, 500 307/25 a ees 35) Ro te S ee ed ee eee 4, 763, 449 4, 749, 949 13, 500 653, 024 652, 816 208 7 6 1 MW A Se Son SS a ie Se APPENDIX £99 TABLE 41.—Roundwood production from growing stock in the United States, by product, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962—Continued Saw logs ! Veneer logs Pulpwood Section, region, and State ee a All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods| All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods | All species | Softwoods | Hardwoods Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand Northern Rocky Mountain: bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 cords cords cords dahowiere 222 ANS See 22 Sos Ste.ceecadses 1, 375, 986 | 1, 374, 986 1, 000 19, 030 18, 750 280 41 Alt |) eee Montana 1, 123, 883 1, 116, 187 7, 696 111, 642 bE GOR. 2 ee 34 ft Sa ee we ee South Dakota (west) - 38, 568 SB ROUSE aso oa eee se a cate sees SI ok el cle 34 O48 Nootaece secu Wyoming 104, 578 W045 5788 | toc ees lis sa se a ee ot 3 SARL ees A D0) 2) mS a 2,643,015 | 2, 634, 319 8, 696 130, 672 130, 392 280 112 oy De eee . Southern Rocky Mountain: PATI ZOMasa= soos Seen oe 2 eee Ss eee so 22 322, 409 322, 409 210, 509 209, 543 2, 376 2, 376 234, 650 228, 525 73, 998 73, 998 843, 942 836, 851 MAO) We. 22e8en ao eslec San conn ede cew cence 91 89 2 Total, West_. - -- Bone = ees Secale ete da 18, 277, 400 | 18, 148, 113 129, 287 | 4,028,696 | 4, 028, 208 488 4, 219 3, 797 422 Motal; all regions:22220222 22 2225832 222452 31, 815, 899 | 25,398,646 | 6,417,253 | 5,014,050 | 4, 045, 148 968, 902 30, 385 22, 373 8, 012 Cooperage Piling Section, region, and State = All species Softwoods Hardwoods All species Soft woods Hardwoods Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand New England: bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. WOnMMeC HCG eee ee a ee. re ae at ke re hoe be Ne ee ieee ote ate 58 13 45 Main ebiarss = 2 Seo So aeeene 1, 306 1806" | esas canto oe ban socet aces [ass cone hee den ene eoeen ese Massachusetts-__----_---- 441 420 21 35 7 28 New Hampshire 2, 802 2, 282 520 vi Ul xa atceeeteess node els aim Gaerne ace = ee oan Se Sn es os en ee ee aS oe Sa ee Se Nios sca eecnee Of rte Paz sec aS 37 BVGP IRS OG meet = ae er ae So ered oe Seta a ee ae eee ee ase la eases aobeeal nw eeaseehwessena 9 7 4 Bl AYO 2) (Lk hip ror Sane et ena i ar A eR Oe ae er 4, 549 4, 008 541 146 34 112 Middle Atlantic: Delaware:.-2:-=--2= 675 394 281 Maryland oo 1, 067 872 195 New Jersey_-_-------- 400 160 240 INGw: York: £2 = 2= 2252 433 95 338 Pennsylvania_--_-__- B80! Vest eeece seu. 380 West Virginia OF |ceseeeceescce 57 A OG el ees ete eee eee ene a ee ete eee SS eee 3, 012 1, 621 1, 491 Lake States: VEIL CII Ga tie seen we ree ens Sn en os ec wh soe chascsenecasuse Minne sota_-_-_-----__- North Dakota-_---__-- South Dakota (east) - Wisconsin Kentucky-~___- Missouri__----- POs Onuheeere eames le oe oS see else dace eset ssanussse be South Atlantic: INorchu@arolinassetseses fos, 022 2 S25 accessed anseeee esses South Carolina aire ini a eeneeeese eavele e cen on ce eeeemes See footnotes at end of table. 90/098.) s22ee eS nace 1 00)| Serene nte DE RAO'| 22.5 eons 2160) 22 eee coc OTOL | nc cacecet 1es5ob lloetent so ces 140}i| =. 25 ee ee 12; 034)occ =k eee 12, 034 BSG oe 85 80,9140). wee as 80, 914 1,690 |..------_----- 1, 690 97, 876 4, 008 93, 868 5, 368 1,770 3, 598 12, 998 4, 140 8, 858 36 5 ee eee 9460" nae rene ak 2 9) 460 |_.------------]---- Parad Nees ao 4, 649 4,017 632 7, 198 5, 732 1, 466 20, 107 8, 157 11, 950 7, 234 5, 768 1, 466 200 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 41.—Roundwood production from growing stock in the United States, by product, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962—Continued Cooperage Piling Section, region, and State All species Softwoods | Hardwoods All species Softwoods | Hardwoods Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 bd. ft.2 lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. tL Se S|) ne eee ees 3| eter MOE Es 8, 976 8) 976) p22 eee QA825 ie keer se 2, 825 C487)" 648) Peo eee 2) B25: |p eee See 2, 825 9, 624 9624 ie Seka ee 11, 426 8, 245 3, 181 1, 201 132015 ae noes Mississippi- 1206: pase = ee 12, 706 4, 043 4043; | See Tennessee. 255-2 wand ote se ee ca keeee ease oe eaeees sk sesce otc see 25, 389 115 25, 274 580 580! ||S==_ =e MOtaa2 stern 2 secs teen ote eee ee Soe ee eee eee ee 49, 521 8, 360 41, 161 5, 824 5; 8249/22 = ee eee West Gulf: IAT KANSAS icc o<2t nao 8 oe cee Ss ee eS Sa eee eee AS 392s = =ce === ees 18, 392 2,175 1, 972 203 Ibottisiané-=2-..222225. 2 225<5 4°950) |. 25 eases See 4, 950 4, 783 4; 183)||= 22-52 Oklahoma BZioaee Nea 82 G20 | ed) tse ee ARG Xa Si 8 A Oe 950 2 gt a ee ee ee oe en, Seti a Oe ee BOF le Se foes 897 2, 769 2;:7691) | Pao eee Motels.2t22 20. ¢ see eae SL Le ae a ee ee 24,\321%| 2 S=2e eet 24, 321 9, 769 9, 566 203 otal; South: 222-5. -2¢ 5265 222 een a eee eee eee 96, 774 16, 517 80, 257 32, 451 30, 782 1, 669 Pacific Northwest: Allaskae225- 23. feiss. fob sos csee ns Se ssc aes e ee eee ae eee ees Oregon Washington Total Pacific Southwest: California 222 s8ee da Sees eee es ha Se ee eR |e eae | ee Real heres a me eeore 702 102.) 222-2 ee ee Hawaii Total, Westas-. ets ose aoe es eae Sot oo ae So nbs sa ee eS ak | ee ee || eee eee 3, 529 33'520 |): oe ee otal jallrepionsi: 22... Ms = Set Oe we 194, 650 20, 525 174, 125 41, 348 36, 081 5, 267 Poles Posts Mine timbers Section, region, and State All species | Softwoods Hard- All species | Softwoods Hard- All species | Softwoods Hard- woods woods woods Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand New England: pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces cu. ft. cu. ft. cu. ft. Connecticut -______ : 50 480 27 Maine 222222. 3 a 119 119 |poscsse eee Massachusetts______- . 177 141 New Hampshire Z 60 12 Rhode Island_______- 24 17 INGEMIONG. 22 oc ose oo) eae esse seue eee ee 798 563 235 PROC soon cere ee eae ee es 33 So ylpans eo escess 1, 685 1, 332 353 Middle Atlantic: Dela war222 2.28 os oe eens eee 220 104 116 Maryland__.______- i 1, 772 840 932 New Jersey_______- 1, 399 1, 353 New York-_--_____-- i 9, 198 4, 740 4, 458 Pennsylvania_____- 11, 339 5, 810 5, 529 West Virginia 1,176 554 622 Do tal eeet erase eee ne cose ettanee hak 25, 104 13, 401 11, 703 23, 954 1,046 22, 90 See footnotes at end of table. APPENDIX 201 TABLE 41.—Roundwood production from growing stock in the United States, by product, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962—-Continued Poles Posts Mine timbers Section, region, and State All species | Softwoods Hard- All species | Softwoods Hard- All species | Softwoods Hard- woods woods woods Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand Lake States: pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces cu. ft. cu. ft. cu. ft. Michiganc=22 222.45 ae Se ee 17 A? dieseeerss cass 2, 725 2, 500 225 2, 185 1, 180 1,005 Minnesota_--_----- 187 160 Woe esau cece 3, 000 1, 400 1, 600 628 572 56 North Dakota OU i aetecwosess 5 OP Ilene cs Sass 87 Oi leweseatesece 2 South Dakota (east) 15 5 10 188 83 105) Weise ces| Set eset eee Poe IWASCONSINSC. 2 2 ooo oe c 2a e see 32 82) c SPR 4, 100 2, 100 2, 000 417 250 167 TO tala eee see estes 256 241 15 10, 100 6, 083 4,017 3, 232 2, 002 1, 230 Central: Tllinois_- 1 1 B00" ce tec esos 306 119 13 106 In dlanawess Sen (shat ~ ese ce alan ewe ececestsuae|psoeekcdeccs|k-L eee. c cs 889 204 685 184 36 148 NO Wate aes s ete so 2b 8 es seca kec eo euescanseace|coe essed cese)}cacdemceess 549 33 516 28 ibn onde ace ee 28 Kansaseo2es ses = 5 5 237 37 200 Silecnccneake Se 5 Kentucky a) CS oi fewcemcceence 2, 508 1, 544 964 4,177 372 3, 905 Missouri_______-_- OO)" @~ 160 fans Sole ee. 7, 485 1,020 6, 465 299 11 288 Nebraska--_----- 7 6 213 55 POS! oo sscSecuss 4 esecccacscsel-aS5ecn ceed ONO tee ween See ie es ws a LO) * AG PSone 1, 025 138 887 541 109 432 Mo talsee == s22~ 225 see sss See. Sana l 88 76 12 13, 212 3,031 10, 181 5, 353 441 4, 912 Motal Nottie. .+s22c.252-cieecetacce cease 388 355 33 50, 101 23, 847 26, 254 32, 539 3, 489 29, 050 South Atlantic: 153 7a i 996 886 WO Wn Jaton te cclscaeh ode sees eeisbiesecos 1,071 DP O7d|\aeee cases 213 148 GO) ossce eee se lecee Secos.ce| so cet eesee 67 60 7 1,099 624 475 2, 612 208 2, 404 MOtalee Sew nat 2 asa steer DS os 22 1, 291 1, 284 7 2, 308 1, 658 650 2, 612 208 2, 404 East Gulf: lori dasoc: secet ss se os See ee a eek 564 DOA areeetawcan 775 V1. lawngee deuscdlascateassanc| couch aceneucl=caenncecuss Georgia se ae as ae ee eee ae 553 B5sAs. 22 see soe c. 2, 227 2, 140 BF Wecteccoseculls coheveene alse seeo.= ous RO Gale sae. Petras See Sek Sr ee 1,117 dE By (| eee 3, 002 2, 915 Siiseeee oat le Ss asec ee eee Central Gulf: Alabama: 622s ese ae eee eees 820 7, 080 2,451 4, 629 204 30 174 Mississippi 446 14, 355 2, 330 W025 oc acel cuss |besececeugce| ees cee eee MONT CSSCE# = ama en ean ae Soon eek ease 22 8, 796 2,079 6, 717 1, 417 165 1, 252 1, 288 30, 231 6, 860 23, 371 1, 621 195 1, 426 544 14, 357 7, 258 7, 099 146 24 122 400 5, 164 2, 731 BASS Wosrnens cu owa | ain dcceweseeleste eee se ee 51 4, 548 2, 748 1, 800 130 22 108 652 4,715 1, 946 Dit OOh Al aah sive |fuem eee || ee ene ae 1, 647 28, 784 14, 683 14, 101 276 46 230 motaliiSouth= : 222. - 25-7222 si eel 5, 343 5, 336 7 64, 325 26, 116 38, 209 4, 509 449 4, 060 Pacific Northwest: Ml askasaeoten se pene a 5S esl seeee Oregon Washington Total Pacific Southwest Wali fornia See ee 2 84 BA ile 302 B02 dese wee 246 246) | acoso 4 EL ON ae a ee he oe ots ceccacdacac\ becsuuaenacc souscuaaanc= Bic woeecead S he locucccakil les uexesaes eee see eens Ua Ko) A es ares 84 Oar Rows Se Fe 310 302 8 246 246" | 222 ates Idaho South Dakota (west) ___- WEY OININ G2 oe see scene Ue er ek Be Arizona Utah mMotalisWieStasee es =o 2 coc cateeenoeuaous Total, all regions See footnotes at end of table. 202 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TaBLE 41.—Roundwood production from growing stock in the United States, by product, region, and State, 1962—Continued Section, region, and State New England: Middle Atlantic: Delaware: <222-2 4222 agoe eee Sect cece sebel See seaeearesasette sae Maryland_______ New York Lake States: IITCIIE OED toe 2 hoa eth cs ace a oe cna week eo Se cee oat ee Minnesota Missouri otal) (NOrths 2 oe 2-262 2564 on bole on de Desde awe bee eso scene South Atlantic: North: Caroling. ..88 25 02 oS SO ho ee eee South Carolina_- WAPGINIA 2222 o oe att ee se sob et eae hee es ee West Gulf: ATK ANSAS: 2. seacee ois Pec cle stese see sn ec Set Seee cee te dece eee ake Total, South Pacific Northwest: k softwoods and hardwoods, section, Other industrial 3 Fuelwood All species Softwoods Hardwoods | All species Softwoods Hardwoods Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand cu. ft. cu. ft. cu. ft. cords cords cords 45 17 28 118 58 60 724 543 181 112 3 109 44 27 17 91 17 74 246 67 179 47 1 46 5 3 2 13 2 11 296 22 274 48 3 45 1, 360 679 681 429 84 345 83 5. Fel eee Stet cae | 9 2 7 338 210 128 123 32 91 3, 782 1, 853 1, 929 84 18 66 7, 047 2, 782 4, 265 300 66 234 2, 761 1, 090 1, 671 189 44 145 3, 975 1, 569 2, 406 180 40 140 17, 986 7, 587 10, 399 885 202 683 8, 027 467 7, 560 220 Wes oe ed 220 2, 638 338 2, 300 280 20 260 MON tsaewe ase. oes 75 Qo) saab ees szos 9 175 50 125 18i\S.c8 ee oe 18 6,179 231 5, 948 355 5 350 17, 094 1, 086 16, 008 882 25 857 B42H) set. Sores 342 25 807 12 795 63 255s eee ee es ey 255 63 211 155 42 2, 446 68 2, 378 253 8, 626 90 8, 536 234 3 231 70 5 65 26 4 22 10370| 2a-eeeee ee 1, 037 Bia |e ees 73 13, 738 175 13, 563 779 7 772 50, 178 9, 527 40, 651 2,975 318 2, 657 139 124 15 416 201 215 5 3 lel ean oe ae 31 188 106 82 1, 465 214 1, 251 308 137 171 1, 635 338 1, 297 912 444 468 3, 549 1, 547 2, 002 29 14 15 1,157 216 941 193 81 112 4, 706 1, 763 2, 943 222 95 127, 2, 537 137 2, 400 452 60 392 4, 903 512 4,391 619 54 565 11, 070 286 10, 784 273 3 270 18, 510 935 17, 575 1, 344 117 1, 227 7,911 904 7, 007 567 19 548 3, 758 136 3, 622 493 20 473 599) | ea oe ee 599 111 8 103 2,128 132 1, 996 88 1 87 14, 396 L172 13, 224 1, 259 48 1, 211 39, 247 4, 208 35, 039 3, 737 704 3, 033 Pacific Southwest: Califormiae. -o oi ean ccna ens Oe pecan ee eee eee IAW sacatectet tow ok EN aes ieee een ce eee nes See footnotes at end of table. M M Nie 1 ewe 7 Ms ile APPENDIX 203 TABLE 41.—Roundwood production from growing stock in the United States, by product, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962—Continued Section, region, and State Northern Rocky Mountain: ahi OSS 22 = oaae fod ot Soe e eee soe ben as els Setar ee eres sskseuaszcncs South Dakota (west) ------------- IW OMIM G2 = 2 hese oo han sbbkGea cu cccesectcccanancseseaccasusscie MiOtalraiCstew: -oeees Me ose Senco cc casauus tee asegyeccacsassasasemeeee potalaiPegiOuS. we = 2-42 ose sacs Seen asnusshceeacnsessuacedsaeu cee Other industrial 3 Fuelwood All species Softwoods Hardwoods | All species Softwoods Hardwoods Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand cu. ft. cu. ft. cu, ft. cords cords cords 1, 007 991 16 647 G47. | eon cceee on Sal. Soe tonk 402 402. |oetee os sce ee 552 350 335 15 2, 406 2,375 Olt [eszscuteeede sult passe ees cee ee enecce sees 278 82 196 5 | ae ae ee eras 1, 537 341 TOG oe pode eae San ee sascenaddde|swecteecks cue 54 12 BON avons teow. ScnmcaneasSaehllaasassaseee aan 176 175 1 5 O ese bee ee 8 712 328 OOP Wa ecnsleskune nl oncaseenavedcaliecates tse cle 2, 757 938 1,819 10 MOVIL cotter a 2 oe 25, 891 24, 024 1, 867 170 134 36 115, 316 37, 759 77, 557 6, 882 1,156 5, 726 1 Includes ‘‘saw logs’’ from poletimber-size trees and upper stem portions of sawtimber-size trees. 2 International 14-inch log rule. 3 Includes hewn ties, box bolts, shingle logs, excelsior bolts, turnery bolts chemical wood, and bolts for other miscellaneous products. TABLE 42.—Output of timber products from nongrowing stock sources in the United States, by type of material, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962 Section, region, and State New England: New Hampshire______- Rhode Island_-_.-_---- NY Ghana a) ele ee eae Middle Atlantic: Delaware. 2-222 2... Maryland__ New Jersey. .---_------ ING Wat OF K Stata Pennsylvania_.________ West: Virginia === _<+- Michiganies-s2-s22 = South Dakota (east) ___ hWwasconsin= =< s" Roundwood products ! See footnotes at end of table. 7144-350 O—65 15 Total roundwood Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- All Soft- | Hard- species woods woods species woods woods species woods woods species woods | woods Thou- Thou- | Thou- Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | sand Thousand | sand sand cu. ft. cu, ft. cu, ft. cu, ft. cu, ft. cu. ft. cu, ft. cu, ft. cu. ft. cu, ft. cu. ft. cu. ft. 5, 486 1, 818 3, 668 301 66 28 0p ecun Same iseeccaoeese ects ee 105 45 60 20, 790 12, 521 8, 269 7, 005 6, 845 160 5 1a [eee eae 18 7, 560 5, 555 2, 005 5, 946 1, 426 4, 520 1, 232 872 5131) i || Hee anne (eae aeme ene 90 60 30 6, 679 3, 624 3, 055 3, 482 3, 317 165 (lee 4 550 255 295 728 81 647 4M Nepean ee OO) st) ecto et = II rape = a a ae 60 20 40 5, 155 2, 391 2, 764 1,915 1,770 145 | eee Sees 2 595 485 110 44, 784 21, 861 22, 923 13, 945 12, 870 1,075 O48 Non Se 24 8, 960 6, 420 2, 540 1, 800 730 1, 070 230 195 35 1 a eres 5 530 680 [2.-2se=2 17, 479 2, 979 14, 500 1, 205 475 730 T3i4| ted 13 2, 250 1, 930 320 11, 312 1, 144 10, 168 165 25 140 rl sereter eer ne ate 7 925 845 80 43, 056 4, 283 38, 773 2, 740 865 1, 875 By ie Ee ese 37 4, 425 2, 945 1, 480 39, 472 6, 883 32, 589 3, 910 905 3, 005 (3) ee ee are 8 8, 250 5, 365 2, 885 27, 488 1, 673 25, 815 2, 985 250 2, 735 We izececcoues 4 2, 100 1, 105 995 140, 607 17, 692 122, 915 11, 235 2,715 8, 520 (ee 74 18, 480 12, 720 5, 760 39, 370 4, 414 34, 956 4, 832 806 35, 679 7, 321 28, 358 1, 832 727 Blas boss es 814 2) ees eee 1, 610 55 1, 555 rs |e ere 45, 660 3, 611 42, 049 4, 192 778 123, 133 15, 401 107, 732 10, 862 2, 311 204 TABLE 42.—Output of timber products from nongrowing stock sources in the United States, by type of material, softwoods and TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962—-Continued Section, region, and State Central: WWinois.....2. 22222-2202 Kentucky Missouri________ Total, North____________ South Atlantic: Plorida. 2..0.-2:--. Sete 7, 635 2, 900 28 24 4 1, 055 145 12 ll 1 17, 440 5, 240 55 37 18 25, 015 5, 515 103 67 36 19, 305 1,515 26 14 12 71, 850 16, 485 55, 365 398) ||). 22222-53888 398 230 159 71 Michigan 2.72 .252tees-. =o 22 ee Ae 29, 500 5, 000 24, 500 zd 10, 900 4, 300 6, 600 =2 1 Sl | See eee South Dakota (east) pal Cy | es 30 WV ISCOMSIi == G22 se OS ees eee 25, 700 4, 700 21, 000 Ota Poe Set et 66, 143 14, 000 52, 143 Central: UI O1S > er pe oh ae: ote SOFO0SN cies ss oe Indiana_-_-_-___ 22, HW | 2 osecsecee lOWa=c2222--= 12; 550); | 222225) Kansas_____- 500) 222422222555 Kentucky___- 5, 557 1,198 Missouri-____- 83; 400) |.-tocee =o Nebraska. i222<.-2 2202 See i ely =| G5 sees eer) Oni0 se 6 Sg ea ae ee 8 13;300':|-c 232205522 Ota: Steet oh Ss SPO es te 169, 280 1, 198 Total’: -Northy2-225 oo abor ke eee 455, 425 173, 685 281, 740 5, 100 1 5, 099 rat ue 361 357 80, 596 65, 709 14, 887 3, 885 51 3, 834 266 169 97 39, 860 31, 917 7, 943 2,131 6 2,125 296 196 100 49, 424 32, 318 17, 106 933 6 927 251 141 110 WMOtAleseacasncceeee tesa ee tact 169, 880 129, 944 39, 936 6, 949 63 6, 886 813 506 307 East Gulf: INIOPIda) = 22 s2eeee eo. oa se oe ee 3, 687 3, 587 100 1, 572 257 238 19 PONGIG: 223.23 ct ee. Zoot ea eee 10, 953 9, 052 1, 901 2, 305 523 457 66 Motel osescsiccecscete see ees 14, 640 12, 639 2, 001 3, 877 780 695 85 Central Gulf: Alabama . o.oo sees 6, 802 1, 865 4, 937 79 264 184 80 Mississippi-- -- = 8, 844 1, 180 7, 664 248 190 72 118 MENNCSSCC xa adore hate sae ee 9, 150 438 8, 712 42 17 25 Mota sel. ess 252... Retest at 24, 796 3, 483 21, 313 370 496 273 223 11, 193 2, 280 8, 913 138 123 82 41 9, 551 1, 778 7, 773 142 165 116 49 509 216 293 12 4 pat 3 4, 550 1, 334 3, 216 138 101 70 31 Motels 2228S es. Se eet ee 25, 803 5, 608 20, 195 430s ot eet 430 393 269 124 Totaly Southsos 22. -seseea2s eas eee 235, 119 151, 674 83, 445 11, 765 202 11, 563 2, 482 1, 743 739 Pacific Northwest: Wlask asen 2 2a su 301 eae ear eee re | Saas oe eee | ame Pere aie Hine eee aN ws abe | ee eee | Oe RRR Oregon 4 956, 000 7, 000 825, 000 825, 000 Washington 282, 000 7, 000 55, 000 55, 000 Total 1, 238, 000 14, 000 880, 000 S80K000" ese 2o-- e222 15 153 |S22= ess Pacific Southwest California Hawaii --__- Total | | See footnotes at end of table. APPENDIX section, region, and State, 1962—-Continued 209 TABLE 43.— Roundwood production from nongrowing stock sources in the United States, by product, softwoods and hardwoods, Kentucky Missouri Total, North South Atlantic: East Gulf: vlor Gey nee ee Pe See footnotes at end of table. Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Section, region, and State oes All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods| All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods} All species | Softwoods | Ifardwoods | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand Northern Rocky Mountain: bd. ft.1 bd. ft.) bd. ft. bd. ft.) bd. ft. bd. ft.. cords cords cords dalio eeeeeeeaaan es Seok acy Se kn ot 41, 066 41, 066 2 Montana sos-8 2-252 sck se cbeeu 44, 395 44, 091 South Dakota (west) 390 390 WMO fore ee ant Pee ca towase 2, 134 2, 134 Ota Steen sete bee teas oe a gelesen 87, 985 87, 681 Southern Rocky Mountain: LAS UA OY eee aes CP a ae ee 11, 348 11, 348 7,409 7, 375 61 61 23, 753 22, 878 3, 487 3, 487 "| 46, 058 45, 149 O00" | s 2. cent oee Sree te cS ee tek eu ee 2. oes ie ase e|eceaeease oes WIMROLAl WieSt 22 extant: 22 <2 os22ssciecsseececese 1, 598, 877 1, 583, 664 15, 213 886, 211 886; 201, |22-2-222-- 103 54 49 Motal,-all ‘regions. _......._._.-....-.-_..---- 2, 289, 421 | 1, 909, 023 380, 398 903, 076 886, 414 16, 662 3, 303 2, 158 1, 145 Cooperage Piling Section, region, and State All species Softwoods Hardwoods | All species Softwoods Hardwoods Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand | New England: bd. ft. bd. ft.) bd. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. fs ONMOCUICU GS 2 =u = 2) 2 A 8 ec ee eee a Binge 2vaees Nemes oS Oe Massachusetts _-_________- New Hampshire Rhode Island_____________ WWiGrinlOn Gast estas we i ee Et So ee ese ee BLK ere nei ht Se ae ee ee ee 162 145 Dice ne se ea, We eee i Middle Atlantic: fee CLAW ATC oes = 285s Peer SI me ee Zein eb vee Maryland!-.-=.2----22 New Jersey___._______ INew York). -<=_222:. Pennsylvania_________ West Virginia 19, 866 19, 866 20, 598 20, 453 210 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 43.—Roundwood production from nongrowing stock sources in the United States, by product, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962—-Continued ; ; Cooperage Piling Section, region, and State All species Softwoods Hardwoods | All species Softwoods Hardwoods Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Central Gulf: bd. ft bd. ft. bd. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. Alabama s .. 222022. 22.2 ceo ee a ee ee a ee re eee 100 86 IMASSISSIPDIe 22-2282 nse S222 Tennessee Louisiana_--_-----_-------- Oklahoma-_ Oregon Pacific Southwest: @alitormiaec2. 2222832 oe oF tees te ee a a et eee ee a | ee te ee te eae G4iliesus Se EN 64 AW Alt 2 S22 cio. oe oo oe ees ee ee ee = ee |S See WO tee South Dakota (west) WW VOM G2 Sosa ok zea aa deau aceon eee en Motali os ow siwee donecl acetone ae eae Sone an oe Sete ae le an | ee ee | ee re |e eee | oe Southern Rocky Mountain: Arizona Colorado Nevada New Mexico Utah Motels WeStss..-J2c-e222- 2°. 2502 A rnin Da tere | ee ee ee ee eee eee 64) |-e. 2 eee “64 Motal ,all T6GlONS 2.222 aS Ge ts en - So eee ee cee ee eee 21, 326 231 21, 095 182 91 91 Poles Posts Mine timbers Section, region, and State iat All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- species woods woods species woods woods species woods woods Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand New England: pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces cu. ft. cu. ft. cu. ft. Connectiutess2- 222 s2cct eee ese. 36 34 2 WVIGING) 22 5> oho S Le eI a 9 9 Massachusetts 14 10 New Hampshire 5 1 Rhode tslandi2ss2s2<-h 2222222. 2 1 WWermong =. 222-22 oes SG hd 61 40 WOUAL 3 secs eat cone eee a aaeee 127 95 32 [iscss esc oe eee Middle Atlantic: Delaware 22 22 s= 2 ose ee eee yl Pee eee 35 1 1G) ee ee Maryland__- 288 3 285 = 43 New Jersey_-_ 345 331 14 450 |2>) ae 45 ING Wey Oni ae 2 See 1, 561 195 1, 366 4 aie eee 4 Pennsylvania_ 1, 917 224 1, 693 4406) |b oe 4, 406 West Virginians 2 Le et nn = ee 190} o2e abe se 190 1, 548 127 1, 421 Total: J222csencec= secesn nea Paswees- | aeaee eee ewe ee ements owen 4, 336 753 3, 583 6, 047 128 5, 919 Lake States: Michigenc Lie: ow ssese2- clo cae 3 3) |-2oe=- ee 775 600 175 320 173 147 Minnesota. = 2-922 22222 lee 2s 1, 500 300 1, 200 93 85 8 North Dakota. =2--<-=22.:22- 2 : 113) (oe 113 ln Seen oe en 1 South Dakota (east) 162 27 1854 |2- 2-2 | Be Ee ee Wrhaisconsin... 22+ is -67e 2 ee 1, 900 400 1, 500 63 40 23 ROA esos ae sec ee ee aes 19 19) || eee eo 4, 450 1, 327 3, 123 477 298 179 See footnotes at end of table. APPENDIX 211 TABLE 43.—Roundwood production from nongrowing stock sources in the United States, by product, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962—Continued Section, region, and State Central: PSONGUCKY LR stot eceses asks Missouri__-_- BROLaleONOrthe 220s. ee he tech Sued South Atlantic: North Carolina South Carolina WaAreinig sata eie = yeh s al 22 ee ae ests Mota Souths ase ss see as eet on Bees Eesti Northwest: Oregon Pacific Southwest: Walifornig@ =a eee ee ee sec eese Eg wy aiee tt wo ie eed oe oo nae Northern Rocky Mountain: VCCI) ao Sh eee Wyoming MOLA iW eStats ee a7 wre fee oe cee shotalsalliregions: <2 te). <2 = 5. 2.2 2L----- Poles Posts Mine timbers All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- species woods woods species woods woods species woods woods Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces cu. ft. cu. ft. cu. ft. 1 ee 144 46 5 41 411 96 315 71 14 57 251 17 234 : at | rn 12 283 13 QO Ncw teks oo |eecead cate t|aesueeetute] Pe oeecueekesescoeesecse 1, 092 56 1, 036 160 10 150 [ere eee eel [ira eee 3, 515 480 3, 035 116 4 112 eae bee So bee eae 232 20 AAD Waceeeeseeesc|eoece sec scealleeeueweccses Matec acess |Useneuces see 475 62 413 209 42 167 Bice eetes Sea) estossesSceneonseetesate 6, 403 744 5, 659 614 75 539 19 10a ee 15, 316 2,919 12, 397 7, 138 501 6, 637 Seoeseeaseec|eacsasecsseceose--esseue 594 529 65: :)o222 225 sot S| pera ee ceteleaeoetsactce 90 376 995 390 D2; |eetss aces 528 O04. | ect eee lead save da Sales leseue ed 2 -eceestiseecs 1, 289 17: (ena erie et eed | eae e a 2, 183 DBD aie See lle 2h cates ele 339 259 231 829 806 303 305 3, 662 5, 076 23 > 30, 509 9, 083 Peeeasieseaclessoress ee dscuseseenxs = 111 21) 8) (seers 37 BY |reneczasse=2 ieeees ebeelacaeaceesene|=Seasnceceee Bee eseeseeee $2 | Sececctccska secs seccdcaelenceedesecsa pee esos oa Peek eeeet leamesemnseae 143 11 32 37 By Al Pee 220 7710 ae 283 283 |:--222-222 - 142 140 2 32 Oe |ocese=ssenes ff dol easeadeetee 80 1 eee cee 38 SOM homecare te eee tee ese eaesasuseestied 224 219 5 23 233 |eocae esos 16 GS ote es ee 98 98 |e co22 nae 427 420 7 233 233) |pecesese- =e 6 Gs s2252 25+ 2,497 2, 442 55 553 600:)||--s2225 2-405 48 48) 2k cee ee =e 48, 322 14,444 33, 878 8, 257 1, 058 7,199 See footnotes at end of table. 212 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES Tas Le 43.—Roundwood production from nongrowing stock sources in the United States, by product, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962—Continued Other industrial? Fuelwood Section, region, and State ae All species Softwoods Hardwoods | All species Softwoods | Hardwoods Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand New England: cu. ft. cu. ft. cu. ft. cords cords cords Connecticut - - 2 a 1 63 21 42 Maine_____--- 37 30 7 77 i) 76 Massachusetts- ---------- 2 1 1 58 6 52 New Hampshire ll 4 7 ye Re eens Oe 32 Rhode dWsland. css ole ohe hoe eo knee kh ocnchewe Bese secb seas: S| tome es ees ie ee al ee 8 1 7 WVGYIMNONG a3 ees oe eee ss seeete ss te eee eee ee eee ees 12 1 ll 32 1 31 POUAN cc oo sere eae he tee eee ea eee oe eet tees el easeasesot 64 27 27 270 30 246 Middle Atlantie: Dela Wares .. 6222 2c sto sdssess ek lee sence Seabee dee ee bee esse ue LAL 133] eat so Sees 13 Maryland _-__- 172 7 165 New Jersey --- 1204| Soe. ese 120 New York___- 427 4 423 Pennsylvania_ 267 6 261 West Virginia 255 2 253 Ota 222 32s ieee aa las ee ae aes eon ete eee anes tan see 1, 254 19 1, 235 Lake States: IMIG COU. ise ook cance a cdennanceesteadeosaccabedsdesudesaacsseaese 280 ete cee 280 Minnesota_----- 330 30 300 North Dakota 1 i i eee ee 11 South Dakota (east) 23. 1 22 Wisconsin. = 2.225225.) sense sssstesoct sok cst cheese eetecct sles 440 5 435 Oba eset ce cect ose cee ove Yeo e ecco eae teen e ee 1, 084 36 1, 048 Central: WING IS ogee Se cceseeeuseun St acee ea cveav ee en tees oeeeossake eons WSO -sa222es cae ce 130 55) Ss Sos eee 55 i 137 137 53 197 499 28 97 1, 208 Mo tal INONON os ie oe snc tee ver eset scdaaeecesdecssseudesneese 16, 075 75 16, 000 3, 824 98 3, 726 South Atlantic: North Carolina 10 9 1 684 265 419 South Carolina - _- 2 tof Be ek IN 2 300 141 159 Virginia 82 16 66 515 182 333 Motalocé.asac.ns etsdeiecene eases ogee lies coe beeen Sake 94 25 69 1,499 588 911 East Gulf: WIOTIGA: So toe 2 Secatt oes onets se eeue ese ee teen mene s asec eset 773 32 741 48 18 30 (GOOTC1 8. 1. tases ere aes ae Sand een kesectdaskeudeasese cee aeeoeuees 352 4 348 314 102 212 Mota 5: 4ceceesess2ecsas-cnteteteccestnete tess sseaeees Jaf esos 1,125 36 1, 089 362 120 242 Central Gulf: AAD AiO. 2-5 cee sc conc de cee seeteaeeadseus stan ooGneraceeeeiesese 237 25 212 227 32 195 Mississippi 81 46 35 322 19 303 Tennessee 113 26 87 145 1 144 431 97 334 694 52 642 827 82 745 300 7 293 41 12 29 260 7 253 Ly [Se eee ee 5 192 3 189 27 M1 16 STD |e sae SS 375 900 105 795 1,127 17 1,110 Motal South. <.wins Scene Sohaes Seeeewe cea ssuscaeeossae eee eee eee 2, 550 263 2, 287 3, 682 777 2, 905 Pacific Northwest: AN ASKO) 23 of 2S Sas oct ose a Boer Bs ca i oe nee ee eae ee eS oes See | Sees ae ee Oregon 5, 695 5, 695 Washington 13, 103 13, 103 Pacific Southwest :_ @Walifornia:-222- 2255S ce sou oe eee ee oe eee ae ere el a Wallsd 22 fee oe oa see a ete ee ee ee eee See footnotes at end of table. 18, 798 957 67 1, 024 APPENDIX 213 TaBLE 43. Roundwood production from nongrowing stock sources in the United States, by product, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962—-Continued Other industrial 2 Fuelwood Section, region, and State a All species Softwoods Hardwoods All species Softwoods Hardwoods : Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Northern Rocky Mountain: cu. ft. cu. ft. cu. ft. cords cords cords et eee ei ae ONE We See as Se Se 1, 419 5 event ee Montana: = 222 2025-2 ese soN 1, 742 4 Gh eee aemeene aac South Dakota (west) 45 1 hy tee tees WAVO UMN Seam terete She eee neat tena oscar oa cet eet o a aonoseaneas 91 1 Li NodcdaCeseuetve IN) eee Ca ee ee a 3, 297 11 1D 4 ees. Se Southern Rocky Mountain: Arizona 208 29 179 92 75 17 Colorado.--.------ 152 142 10 10 8 2 Nevada Ds |p toseeesseeses a 4 3 1 New Mexico 98 75 23 129 126 3 TUit eh ees pen ee ates Se a a ae oe en seach e see 75 57 18 a lise SD) oN by SV re a 534 303 231 236 213 23 BRoraleWicstee eee as ee mmene eL e a e 28, 653 23,355 | 298 595 554 dl WeeVotal, ‘all regions.___._1-..--.2--------------eeeesere--ecece sed cee 42, 278 23, 693 18,585 | 8, 101 1, 429 6, 672 1 International 14-inch log rule. 2 Includes hewn ties, box bolts, shingle logs, excelsior bolts, turnery bolts, chemical wood, and bolts for other miscellaneous products. TABLE 44.—Timber cut from sawtimber in the United States, by roundwood product and logging residues, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962 (Thousand board feet, International 14-inch log rule) Roundwood products Total timber cut Section, region, and Total Saw logs Veneer ate All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- All Soft- | Hard- All Soft- Hard- species woods woods species woods woods species woods woods species woods woods New England: Connecticut ________ 42, 559 5, 825 36, 734 34, 937 5, 734 29, 203 27, 905 2, 230 25, 675 Main ee = 2-5-2425) 889, 778 658, 109 231, 669 831, 971 647, 797 184, 174 233, 519 215, 454 18, 065 Massachusetts_____- 85, 657 33, 034 52, 623 74, 351 32, 516 41, 835 67, 331 27, 396 39, 935 New Hampshire_---| 191, 053 128, 696 62, 357 176, 253 126, 680 49, 573 122, 464 104, 404 18, 060 Rhode Island______- 5, 254 1, 610 3, 644 4, 482 1, 585 2, 897 950) Ene seeeoee 950 Wermont2222-2---+2 133, 699 94, 726 38, 973 124, 225 93, 242 30, 983 71, 679 55, 514 16, 165 Dotalee sss sss s25 1, 348, 000 922, 000 426, 000 | 1, 246, 219 907, 554 338, 665 523, 848 404,998 | 118, 850 Middle Atlantic: ‘al Delaware______-___- 30, 856 21, 723 9, 133 29, 465 20, 854 8, 611 19, 600 15, 830 3, 770 Maryland____-_____- 181, 161 65, 203 115, 958 171, 925 62, 595 109, 330 117, 365 39, 100 78, 265 New Jersey________- 60, 191 19, 559 40, 632 57, 087 18, 777 38, 310 16, 945 1, 855 15, 090 INewsvork=.-2- ==" .- 468, 678 137, 418 331, 260 444, 247 131, 921 312, 326 272, 560 70, 760 201, 800 Pennsylvania_______ 572, 894 135, 321 437, 573 542, 471 129, 908 412, 563 396, 985 74, 485 322, 500 West Virginia_______ 445, 220 50, 776 394, 444 420, 644 48, 745 371, 899 314, 695 20, 485 294, 210 Motale ss = sate Ss 1, 759, 000 430, 000 | 1,329,000 | 1, 665, 839 412, 800 | 1, 253, 039 | 1, 138, 150 222,515 | 915, 635 Lake States: Michigan’ - 2-220. = 495, 335 148, 782 346, 553 474, 473 145, 708 328, 765 255, 549 61, 955 193, 594 21, 631 21, 470 Minnesota__________ 328, 636 179, 384 149, 252 320, 400 176, 702 143, 698 123, 734 68, 490 55, 244 9, 232 9, 232 North Dakota_____- OhOE) 3) 522 -ce ones 3, 341 35-2064 [in cease ce 3, 206 1266) seect oe 8 1, 266 24 24 South Dakota (east) - 5, 945 315 5, 630 5, 733 295 5, 438 1, 445 20 1, 425 298 298 Wisconsin 2°23 2 = 467, 010 124, 438 342, 572 448, 476 122, 137 326, 339 221, 665 56, 455 165, 210 24, 825 24, 825 1, 300, 267 452, 919 847, 348 | 1, 252, 288 444, 842 807, 446 603, 659 186, 920 416, 739 56, 010 161 55, 849 178, 583 2, 273 171, 310 163, 478 2, 184 161, 294 96, 894 388 96, 506 10, 863 187, 724 4,178 183, 546 177, 815 4,122 173, 693 126, 887 3, 926 122, 961 12, 388 74, 583 1, 606 72,977 71, 033 1, 586 69, 447 40, 792 1, 570 39, 222 8, 267 33, 298 568 32, 730 31, 250 560 30, 690 15, 597 560 15, 037 5, 276 631, 844 26, 684 605, 160 547, 293 26, 068 521, 225 452, 151 20, 921 431, 230 12, 455 335, 236 27, 160 308, 076 317, 995 26, 805 291, 190 205, 260 23, 550 181, 710 4, 602 15, 758 1, 222 14, 536 14, 939 1, 209 13, 730 9, 150 243 8, 907 386 266, 671 12, 638 254, 033 244, 404 12, 477 231, 927 181, 066 11, 775 169, 291 10, 223 1, 718, 697 76, 329 | 1, 642, 368 | 1, 568, 207 75, O11 | 1,493,196 | 1, 127, 797 62, 933 |1, 064, 864 64, 466 6 64, 460 6, 125, 964 | 1,881, 248 | 4,244,716 | 5, 732,553 | 1,840, 207 | 3,892, 346 | 3, 393, 454 877, 366 |2, 516, 088 240, 494 1, 054 239, 440 is a 214 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 44.—Timber cut from sawtimber in the United States, by roundwood product and logging residues, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962—Continued (Thousand board feet, International 44-inch log rule) Total timber cut Roundwood products Section, region, and Total Saw logs Veneer State All Soit- Hard- All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- species woods woods species woods woods species woods woods species woods woods South Atlantic: North Carolina____- 2, 004, 420 | 1,173, 088 831, 332 | 1,958,492 | 1, 161, 128 797, 364 | 1, 404, 550 964,027 | 440,523 | 151,474 10, 934 140, 540 South Carolina_____ 1, 299, 032 750, 075 548, 957 | 1, 268, 959 742, 428 526, 531 703, 349 468, 265 235, 084 78, 638 77, 755 Virginia... ........-. 1, 486, 757 655, 206 831,551 | 1, 446, 100 648, 526 797, 574 980, 315 474, 100 506, 215 35, 503 717 34, 786 Total: .--.<...! 4,790, 209 | 2,578, 369 | 2,211,840 | 4,673, 551 | 2, 552,082 | 2,121,469 | 3, 088, 214 | 1, 906, 392 |1, 181, 822 265, 615 12, 534 253, 081 East Gulf: Florida___=.--=-.-.- 825, 786 643, 087 182, 699 796, 790 630, 941 165, 849 304, 856 289, 434 15, 422 84, 140 3, 798 80, 342 Georgia___---------- | 1,998, 444 | 1, 286, 006 712,438 | 1,908,448 | 1,261,718 646, 730 | 1,025, 996 730,196 | 295,800 | 118, 294 418 117, 876 Total_..--.---=2 2,824, 230 | 1,929, 093 895, 137 | 2,705,238 | 1,892, 659 812,579 | 1,330,852 | 1,019,630 | 311,222 | 202, 434 4, 216 198, 218 Central Gulf: Alabama____-.._____ 1, 686, 826 992, 574 694, 252 | 1, 555, 008 975, 615 579, 393 | 1,019, 013 695, 730 323, 283 101, 340 402 100, 938 Mississippi_________| 1, 305, 043 503, 719 801, 324 | 1,215, 653 494, 125 721, 528 720, 755 366, 312 354, 443 625407) .|-<2 2 Se 62, 107 Tennessee___-_-_____ 819, 158 168, 280 650, 878 765, 554 165, 220 600, 334 559, 027 142, 537 416, 490 11, 076 334 10, 742 Total___________| 3,811,027 | 1,664,573 | 2, 146,454 | 3,536,215 | 1,634,960 | 1,901,255 | 2,298,795 | 1,204,579 |1, 094, 216 174, 523 736 173, 787 West Gulf: - ime Arkansas_____--_-__| 1,607, 444 854, 689 752,755 | 1,475, 496 838, 496 637,000 | 1, 114,877 710, 469 404, 408 34, 663 Louisiana_--_--_____- 1, 368, 083 750, 782 617, 301 | 1,303, 841 736, 729 567, 112 911, 803 552,796 | 359, 007 35, 677 Oklahoma_________- 123, 985 74, 542 49, 443 115, 687 73, 046 42, 641 82, 585 67, 996 14, 589 2, 934 DOXAS= 2 =< 2222 sane 849, 654 554, 104 295, 550 798, 664 543, 265 255, 399 569, 509 420,990 | 148,519 34, 534 Total___-.-.-___| 3,949,166 | 2,234,117 | 1,715,049 | 3,693, 688 | 2,191,536 | 1,502,152 | 2,678,774 | 1,752,251 | 926,523 | 108, 100 292 107, 808 Total, South__.______- 15, 374, 632 | 8,406,152 | 6,968,480 |14, 608, 692 | 8,271,237 | 6,337,455 | 9,396,635 | 5,882, 852 3, 513,783 | 750,672 17, 778 732, 894 Pacific Northwest: AldsKe. 3. 205ee~cee5 617, 433 617,488) )ioocus 22 lek 467, 398 467,398 |___._.__-. 93, 994 08. O04) i! s coos ea eas Secsescleanee ee Oregon. ---~2+-<=-=: 10, 795, 392 |10, 667, 399 127,993 | 9,997,055 | 9,877, 684 119, 371 | 6,749,000 | 6, 700, 000 49,000 |2, 611,000 |2, 611, 000 Washington_________ 5, 725, 315 | 5,474,475 250,840 | 5,596,686 | 5,351, 686 245,000 | 3,184,000 | 3, 133,000 51, 000 634, 000 34, 000 Potalosses2525 17, 138, 140 |16, 759, 307 378, 833 |16, 061, 139 |15, 696, 768 364, 371 |10,026, 994 | 9,926,994 | 100,000 /3, 245,000 /3, 245,000 |_-__.--__- Pacific Southwest: California_______-__- 5,919, 608 | 5,878, 681 40,927 | 5,458, 880 | 5, 437,899 20,981 | 4,761,949 | 4, 749, 949 12,000 | 652,989 | 652,816 173 Hawaili------=------- 9), 000! inoeucesste 3, 000 Lt26w)22_ 2322522 1,726 HOUUK|| s=oce eee : 1, 500 Bh eee eae 35 otal...02.<..2<: 5, 922, 608 | 5, 878, 681 43,927 | 5,460,606 | 5,437,899 22,707 | 4, 763,449 | 4, 749, 949 13, 500 653, 024 652, 816 208 Northern Rocky Mountain: Idaho_-____-_______-- 1, 435, 213 | 1,433, 898 1,315 | 1,392,845 | 1,391, 574 1,271 | 1,334,796 | 1,333, 825 971 19, 030 18, 750 280 Montana___________| 1,276,834 | 1, 269, 023 7,811 | 1,253, 884 | 1, 246, 215 7,669 | 1,116,035 | 1, 108, 367 7, 668 111, 642 111, (642=|-=2-=== South Dakota (west). ...=-22.-. 52,717 D2 ft | evecueczes 49, 803 49:808\ |. 2... 23 38, 568 38,568" || 2222 ose 2 BS ese | eres Wyoming.________-- 113, 578 113, 569 9 106, 478 106, 469 9 104, 360 104;,360!:|=-..-- 2 2.|_-2 22522 3| ES en eee Total_______-----| 2,878,342 | 2,869, 207 9,135 | 2,803,010 | 2, 794, 061 8,949 | 2, 593,759 | 2,585, 120 8, 639 130, 672 130, 392 280 Southern Rocky Mountain: Arizona_____________ 396, 824 396, 430 394 380, 947 380, 553 394 322, 435 Colorado______- 229, 892 228, 655 1, 237 215, 435 214, 253 1, 182 210, 586 Nevada________ 2,947 2,671 276 2, 746 2,470 276 2, 376 New Mexico__ 251, 523 245, 019 6, 504 237, 345 231, 199 6, 146 234, 638 WtAR oes cae eka 80, 145 80, 144 1 74, 098 74, 097 1 74, 000 Total. ._____---- 961, 331 952, 919 8,412 910, 571 902, 572 7,999 844, 035 836, 934 7. 101 lesen eee ee |S eee | ee Total, West_......--.- 26, 900, 421 |26, 460, 114 440, 307 25, 235, 326 |24, 831, 300 404, 026 |18, 228, 237 |18, 098, 997 129, 240 |4, 028,696 /4, 028, 208 488 Total, all regions. ____|48, 401,017 |36, 747, 514 |11, 653, 503 |45, 576,571 |34, 942,794 |10, 633, 827 |31, 018, 326 24, 859, 215 |6, 159,111 |5, 019,862 |4, 047, 040 972, 822 and | APPENDIX 215 TABLE 44.—Timber cut from sawtimber in the United States, by roundwood product and logging residues, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962—-Continued (Thousand board feet, International 14-inch log rule) Roundwood products (continued) Logging residues | Section, region, and Pulpwood Miscellaneous industrial Fuelwood State = = td All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- nls | species woods woods species woods woods species woods woods species woods woods _ New England: 5, 912 3, 272 2, 640 312 96 216 808 136 672 7, 622 91 7, 531 515, 282 427, 332 87, 950 4, 105 3, 919 186 21, 889 221 21, 668 57, 807 10, 312 47, 495 5, 765 4, 535 1, 230 719 542 177 536 43 493 11, 506 518 10, 788 New Hampshire____ 32, 464 19, 439 13, 025 3, 651 2, 837 814 he (ie Ee oe 8, 236 14, 800 2,016 12, 784 Rhode Island 3, 271 1, 506 1, 765 123 17 106 138 62 76 772 25 747 Vermont_<.- 2. /..- 41, 863 37, 113 4, 750 1, 822 419 1, 403 2, 318 196 2, 122 9, 474 1, 484 7, 990 Motal=+ .=--- = 604, 557 493, 197 111, 360 10, 732 7, 830 2, 902 33, 925 658 33,267 | 101,781 14, 446 87, 335 Middle Atlantic: i. Delaware. -_-_____--- 3, 720 B20) toe 1, 868 1, 080 788 834 224 610 1, 391 869 522 Maryland_______ 20, 085 13, 530 6, 555 7, 968 4,121 3, 847 18, 302 5, 828 12, 474 9, 236 2, 608 6, 628 New Jersey 7, 630 5, 960 1, 670 15, 262 7, 444 7, 818 13, 011 3, 518 9, 493 3, 104 782 2, 322 New York._-______- 51, 020 20, 680 30, 340 52, 007 27, 766 24, 241 45, 336 12, 715 32, 621 24, 431 5, 497 18, 934 Pennsylvania_______ 96, 770 37, 635 59, 135 30, 361 14, 216 16, 145 13, 276 3, 572 9, 704 30, 423 5, 413 25, 010 West Virginia_._____ 28, 170 7, 730 20, 440 38, 370 10, 087 28, 283 36, 838 10, 443 26, 395 24, 576 2,031 22, 545 Totalsa 222s. es 207, 395 89, 255 118, 140 145, 836 64, 714 81, 122 127, 597 36, 300 91, 297 93, 161 17, 200 75, 961 Lake States: ia _ Michigan... ..:=.---- 150, 007 75, 548 74, 459 32, 023 8, 044 23, 979 15, 263 |___-_______ 15, 263 20, 862 3, 074 17, 788 Minnesota_________- 142, 772 96, 720 46, 052 24, 983 9, 918 15, 065 19, 679 1, 574 18, 105 8, 236 2, 682 5, 554 North sDakotas 2922.5. 25 ee we es SIGH te ee 316 1,600 |_-..--.-=-- 1, 600 135: |22-2225<22 135 South Dakota (C5) 8) ea eee (ee ee | me 710 195 515 3, 280 80 3, 200 212 20 192 Wisconsin__________ 142, 672 61, 419 81, 253 35, 404 4, 024 31, 380 23, 910 239 23, 671 18, 534 2, 301 16, 233 233, 687 201, 764 93, 436 22, 181 71, 255 63, 732 1, 893 61, 839 47, 979 8,077 39, 902 1, 782 23, 766 26, 253 14 26, 239 3, 920 3, 920 10, 105 89 10, 016 61 19, 692 8, 977 135 8, 842 9, 810 9, 810 9, 909 56 9, 853 ceat Si ees 7, 380 4, 794 16 4,778 9, 800 9, 800 3, 550 20 3, 530 Se Slee ee (eee ea DTA Weems bse 2,777 7, 600 7, 600 2,048 8 2,040 Kentucky----_-____- 5, 720 3, 505 2,215 43, 223 1, 642 41, 581 33, 744 33, 744 84, 551 616 83, 935 Missouri____________ 4, 679 371 4, 308 67, 188 2, 388 64, 800 36, 260 35, 770 17, 241 355 16, 886 146 De ee 456 20 436 4, 801 4, 001 819 13 806 24, 522 474 24, 048 18, 903 228 18, 675 9, 690 9, 690 22, 267 161 22, 106 Motalezn =e. sas 87, 748 6, 339 81, 409 172, 571 4, 443 168, 128 115, 625 1, 290 114, 335 150, 490 1,318 149, 172 Total, North._________ 1, 335, 151 822, 478 512, 673 422, 575 is 99, 168 323, 407 340, 879 40,141 | 300,738 | 393, 411 41, 041 352, 370 South Atlantic: North Carolina. ____ 371, 680 170, 310 201, 370 24, 834 15, 857 8,977 5, 954 5, 954 45, 928 11, 960 33, 968 South Carolina_____ 406, 501 197, 689 208, 812 78, 192 75, 591 2, 601 2, 279 2, 279 30, 073 7, 647 22, 426 Wirginig=s == 7.5 |" 3722391 142, 129 230, 262 53, 155 31, 580 21, 575 4, 736 4, 736 40, 657 6, 680 33, 977 Totalas=-es.-20 1, 150, 572 510, 128 640, 444 156, 181 123, 028 33, 153 12:960) Wooeess2- 2c: 12,969 | 116, 658 26, 287 90, 371 East Gulf: Wloridases= 52-2222 - = 314, 437 250, 750 63, 687 93, 067 86, 959 6, 108 290 i|i2-- = 2-= = 7 290 28, 996 12, 146 16, 850 Georgian} Seas 2 707, 020 481, 847 225, 173 55, 014 49, 257 5, 757 PAs by oe eee 2,124 89, 996 24, 288 65, 708 Motalecacet 2 oes 1, 021, 457 732, 597 288, 860 148, 081 136, 216 11, 865 2,414 2-2-2. -+ 2,414 | 118, 992 36, 434 82, 558 Central Gulf: i Alabama:=-82<= =~ 309, 920 195, 700 114, 220 95, 216 80, 109 15, 107 29, 519 3, 674 25,845 | 131,818 16, 959 114, 859 Mississippi_________- 245, 223 77, 183 168, 040 92, 571 44, 455 48, 116 94, 997 6,175 88, 822 89, 390 9, 594 79, 796 gl.enmessee=-=2---=-5._ 54, 083 18, 109 35, 974 98, 686 3, 925 94, 761 42, 682 315 42, 367 53, 604 3, 060 50, 544 Totals 25222222 609, 226 290, 992 318, 234 286, 473 128, 489 157, 984 167, 198 10,164 | 157,034 | 274, 812 29, 613 245, 199 West Gulf: PAT KANSaS#=- S2-_ 2 - 145, 562 87, 552 58, 010 88, 657 38, 225 50, 432 91, 737 2, 250 89,487 | 131, 948 16, 193 115, 755 193, 933 123, 680 70, 253 85, 279 57, 383 27, 896 77, 149 2, 870 74, 279 64, 242 14, 053 50, 189 4, 583 962 3, 621 8, 429 3, 098 5, 331 17, 156 990 16, 166 8, 298 1, 496 6, 802 WD eXaSSs Sao: sake ae 119, 063 75, 345 43, 718 61, 420 46, 528 14, 892 13, 846 110 13, 736 50, 990 10, 839 40, 151 Motal sasess8 2 222 463, 141 287, 539 175, 602 243, 785 145, 234 98, 551 199, 888 6, 220 | 193,668 | 255, 478 42, 581 212, 897 Total, South._.___-___ 3, 244, 396 | 1, 821, 256 | 1, 423, 140 834, 520 532, 967 301, 553 382, 469 16, 384 | 366,085 | 765,940 | 134,915 631, 025 Pacific Northwest: Alaska {222222 02. 373, 400 373"400: 2.2.22... zs 4 442.22 Je te eee 150, 035 150,036: |z-52--22-. Orepon==s ible 7 496, 000 426, 000 70, 000 99, 055 98, 684 371 42, 000 42, 000 798, 337 | 789, 715 8, 622 Washington_________ 1, 619, 000 | 1, 425, 000 194, 000 126, 686 126; 68604) 22. = 2 33, 000 33, 000 128, 629 | 122, 789 5, 840 otal: Sv2e2--- 32 2, 488, 400 | 2, 224, 400 264, 000 225, 745 225, 374 371 75, 000 75,000: |-2-2=--=-- 1, 077, 001 |1, 062, 539 14, 462 216 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 44.—Timber cut from sawtimber in the United States, by roundwood product and logging residues, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962—Continued (Thousand board feet, International 44-inch log rule) Roundwood products (continued) Logging residues section ee and Pulpwood Miscellaneous industrial Fuelwood tate All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- All Soft- Hard- species woods woods species woods woods species woods woods species woods woods Pacific Southwest: California_-_--.-.--- 2, 956 2, 738 218 31, 341 S184] [a2 2S 9, 645 1, 055 8,590 | 460,728 | 440, 782 19, 946 Wawall 2-222 2S28 | asses eee cosh jase allee cones Soe 128 sere SBE eee oe 128 63%) |e eee 63 DD 74 | ae 1, 274 Totall=-se-2- > 2, 956 2, 738 218 31, 469 31, 341 128 9, 708 1, 055 8,653 | 462,002 | 440, 782 21, 220 Northern Rocky Mountain: Vdahoses:25.222.4 20, 265 18, 742 18, 722 20 12 12° |as cess 42, 368 Montana__-_-__------ 13, 360 12, 847 12, 846 Te | 2S See ESE eS Se eee 22, 950 South Dakota (est) oe cokes 5, 508 5, 727 5, 727 2, 914 Wyoming-___-------- 1, 739 375 366 7, 100 Total. .ss22252 40, 872 37, 691 37, 661 30 16 16> | peso = 75, 332 75, 146 186 Southern Rocky Mountain: 54, 834 04,834: 2a-S2se3 3, 288 2, 894 394 390 3900 |Kesa oe fee 15, 877 15,877) |c=-= 2s 311 1 207 4, 538 4, 532 Gi | see ae |e | ee 14, 457 14, 402 55 324 72 252 46 24 201 1 il Fee 2, 395 2, 381 14 312 BID eee Se 14, 178 13, 820 358 98 97 Te hat ee See ee eee Re aS 6, 047 6,047" |b eee 55, 145 54, 938 207 10, 643 9, 976 667 748 724 24 50, 760 50, 347 413 Total, West___._----_| 2, 587,373 | 2,322, 948 264, 425 305, 548 304, 352 1, 196 85, 472 76, 795 8, 677 |1, 665, 095 |1, 628, 814 36, 281 Total, all regions_---- 7, 166, 920 | 4, 966, 682 | 2, 200, 238 | 1, 562, 643 936, 487 626, 156 808, 820 133, 320 675, 500 |2, 824, 446 |1, 804,770 | 1,019, 676 TABLE 45.—Volume of plant residues in the United States, by type of material, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962} (Thousand cubic feet) Section, region, and State New England: Connecticut Middle Atlantic: (Delaware: 2200-022 esa ae es Maryland_.._. New Jersey New York-.-____ South Dakota (east) ---___--_------------- WaSconsinics 426054. vecs to eee ee Central: Kansas_-_______-_ Kentucky Missouri______ Total Coarse 2 Fine 3 All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods Total Softwoods |Hardwoods Total Softwoods |Hardwoods 973 106 867 564 61 503 409 45 364 10, 903 10, 063 840 6, 229 5, 838 391 4, 674 4, 225 449 2, 619 1, 273 1, 346 1, 522 740 782 1, 097 3 564 5, 498 4, 846 652 3, 180 2, 819 361 2,318 2, 027 291 EE Sl aan mree 33 19} oe eos eee 19 14. | 2 2a 14 3,155 2, 583 572 1, 823 1, 502 321 1, 332 1, 081 251 23, 181 18, 871 4, 310 13, 337 10, 960 2, 377 9, 844 7,911 1, 933 694 550 144 338 269 69 356 281 75 3, 939 1, 363 2, 576 1,916 665 1, 251 2, 023 698 1, 325 601 74 527 287 35 252 314 39 275 9, 140 2,471 6, 669 4, 441 1, 205 3, 236 4, 699 1, 266 3, 433 13, 027 2, 606 10, 421 6, 351 1, 270 5, 081 6, 676 1, 336 5, 340 10,175 719 9, 456 4, 967 350 4, 617 5, 208 369 4, 839 37, 576 7, 783 29, 793 18, 300 3, 794 14, 506 19, 276 3, 989 15, 287 9, 925 3, 250 6, 675 3, 960 1, 325 2, 635 4, 040 5, 640 3, 220 2, 420 2, 250 1, 290 960 1, 460 65) |issca setae 55 34) |c- e222 hee 34 21 Lt: Ya ee eer 58 Yih ee eae ee 24 34 13, 500 3, 500 10, 000 4, 950 1, 500 3, 450 6, 550 29, 178 9, 970 19, 208 11, 218 4,115 7, 103 17, 960 5, 855 12, 105 4, 872 16 4, 856 1, 957 6 1, 951 2,915 10 2, 905 7, 040 210 6, 830 3, 560 110 3, 450 3, 480 100 3, 380 1,170 30 1,140 430 22 s252-2S Se 430 740 30 710 627 30 597 314 17 297 313 13 300 12, 747 725 12, 022 5, 609 339 5, 270 7,138 386 6, 752 8, 895 845 8, 050 4, 555 395 4, 160 4, 340 450 3, 890 268 55 213 120 25 95 148 30 118 6, 824 497 6, 327 1, 626 181 1, 445 5, 198 316 4, 882 42, 443 2, 408 40, 035 18, 171 1, 073 17, 098 24, 272 1, 335 22, 937 132, 378 39, 032 93, 346 61, 026 19, 942 41, 084 71, 352 19, 090 52, 262 | Section, region, and State - South Atlantic: INorthi@arolina sss 2-222. 224.2 e228 ILOnidaas seas 2 he sae eet es Central Gulf: PALAD SIM tee eee Soe Se eee Mississippi pRennessees---= 2-9. 22a eee oe eens i a i] | West Gulf: FARR ANSOS cos ene wes eee et ee cue tas Sauseee APPENDIX (Thousand cubic feet) 217 TABLE 45.—Volume of plant residues in the United States, by type of material, softwoods and hardwoods, section, region, and State, 1962 \—Continued Oval SOUthE Sia 2ek eee es Sk Pacific Northwest: Alask NASH Oe sao See 2 eee ees eo 2 Wyoming Utah moval: sWiestz-s22- + 25.2282 2 2s esceses hota all-repions sas ateas ee ee ee in other tables. Total Coarse 2 Fine 3 All species | Softwoods |Hardwoods Total Softwoods |Hardwoods Total Softwoods |Hardwoods 128, 096 80, 811 47, 285 38, 415 18, 575 19, 840 89, 681 62, 236 27, 445 56, 892 33, 542 23, 350 11, 975 2, 740 9, 235 44,917 30, 802 14,115 88, 322 41, 516 46, 806 27, 480 9, 653 17, 827 60, 842 31, 863 28, 979 273, 310 155, 869 117, 441 77, 870 30, 968 46, 902 195, 440 124, 901 70, 539 27,177 21, 827 5, 350 7, 307 3, 055 4, 252 19, 870 18, 772 1, 098 78, 437 46, 519 31, 918 17, 674 2, 885 14, 789 60, 763 43, 634 17, 129 105, 614 68, 346 37, 268 24, 981 5, 940 19, 041 80, 633 62, 406 18, 227 23, 282 13, 631 9, 651 8, 340 3, 802 4, 538 14, 942 9, 829 5, 113 17, 250 6, 366 10, 884 4, 875 988 3, 887 12, 375 5, 378 6, 997 25, 650 8, 801 16, 849 9, 495 4, 553 4, 942 16, 155 4, 248 11, 907 66, 182 28, 798 37, 384 22, 710 9, 343 13, 367 43, 472 19, 455 24, 017 25, 353 12, 532 12, 821 7, 001 1, 319 5, 682 18, 352 11, 213 7, 139 24, 426 9, 990 14, 436 10, 585 3, 666 6, 919 13, 841 6, 324 7, 517 2, 132 1, 492 640 744 427 317 1, 388 1, 065 323 12, 894 7, 293 5, 601 3, 993 1,193 2, 800 8, 901 6, 100 2, 801 64, 805 31, 307 33, 498 22, 323 6, 605 15, 718 42, 482 24, 702 17, 780 509, 911 284, 320 225, 591 ie 147, 884 52, 856 95, 028 362, 027 231, 464 130, 563 4, 163 |S 2 es 2, 290 26290 Niecoseses= 1, 873 Lie: |swessesces=> 196, 828 189, 436 7, 392 102, 985 100, 445 2, 540 93, 843 88, 991 4, 852 34, 056 33, 147 909 19, 006 18, 651 355 15, 050 14, 496 554 235, 047 226, 746 8, 301 124, 281 121, 386 2, 895 110, 766 105, 360 5, 406 199, 451 198, 557 894 105, 800 105, 324 476 93, 651 93, 233 418 1 1 Gal ener ater 177 OF saesacdeeaae 97 (102 Beer 80 199, 628 198, 557 1,071 105, 897 105, 324 573 93, 731 93, 233 498 73, 741 73, 716 25 36, 912 36, 900 12 36, 829 36, 816 13 57, 821 57, 803 18 24, 341 24, 335 6 33, 480 33, 468 12 2,747 2,147) |astocnccssas 1,144 Weid4auji.-- 2242 2ee 1, 603 1608! |--eeees sees 50 150 50 100 Totaliie oo 22es 2 29, 178 11, 218 17, 960 28, 569 11, 024 17, 545 145 20 125 464 174 290 Central Winois-c2 252222 4, 872 1, 957 2,915 4, 351 1,819 2, 532 267 7 260 254 131 123 Indiana_____ 7, 040 3, 560 3, 480 6, 410 3,310 3, 100 440 170 270 190 80 110 fows.2.22..2 1,170 430 740 1,120 390 730; z2eee Sse | Vee ee Lee ees 50 40 10 | Kansas--_-- 627 314 313 511 296 215 16 6 10 100 12 88 Kentucky__- 12, 747 5, 609 7,138 12, 165 5, 230 6, 935 B0iieezaeseeees 30 552 379 173 Missouri-__- 8, 895 4, 555 4, 340 8, 415 4,395 4, 020 210 10 200 270 150 126 Nebraska-_-_--- 268 1 148 265 120 445 esos sce ss See Pee eee eee, 33|-2 22-25 3 ONIO2 2. sake seeks 6, 824 1, 626 5, 198 6, 198 1, 552 4, 646 481 3 478 145 71 74 Total. 2.22 ..---' 42, 443 18,171 24, 272 39, 435 17, 112 22, 323 1, 444 196 1, 248 1, 564 863 701 Total, North.__.--_--- 132, 378 61, 026 71, 352 127, 666 59, 451 68, 215 2, 162 374 1, 788 2, 550 1, 201 1,349 South Atlantic: North Carolina ____ 128, 096 38, 415 89, 681 113, 823 28, 672 85, 151 7, 869 7, 376 493 6, 404 2, 367 4, 037 56, 892 11, 975 44,917 49, 824 7, 272 42, 552 3, 596 3, 336 260 3, 472 1, 367 2,105 88, 322 27, 480 60, 842 82, 649 24, 433 58, 216 2, 073 1, 958 115 3, 600 1, 089 2, 511 Total. 2:2:---: 273, 310 77, 870 195, 440 246, 296 60, 377 185, 919 13, 538 12, 670 868 13, 476 4, 823 8, 653 East Gulf Miloridas 225.2222 555 27,177 7,307 19, 870 19, 670 1, 986 17, 684 4,417 4,146 271 3, 090 1,175 1,915 Georgians 5o 22 78, 437 17, 674 60, 763 69, 014 10, 444 58, 570 6, 413 6, 031 382 3, 010 1,199 1,811 Total ys.e2sys = 105, 614 24, 981 80, 633 88, 684 12, 430 76, 254 10, 830 10, 177 653 6, 100 2, 374 3, 726 Central Gulf: | Alabama-__-__--- 23, 282 8, 340 14, 942 21, 488 7,991 13, 497 234 165 69 1, 560 184 1,376 | Mississippi 17, 250 4, 875 12, 375 12, 803 2, 279 10, 524 1, 748 1, 657 91 2, 699 939 1, 760 Tenmessee_____-___-- 25, 650 9, 495 16, 155 23,178 8, 579 14, 599 534 505 29 1, 9388 411 1, 527 Totalo: c.u22e2 66, 182 22, 710 43, 472 57, 469 18, 849 38, 620 2,516 2,327 189 6, 197 1, 534 4, 663 ! West Gulf: | Arkansas. .s.--.---- 25, 353 7, 001 18, 352 21, 893 5, 420 16, 473 797 771 26 2, 663 810 1, 853 Louisiana-__-_--- 24, 426 10, 585 13, 841 20, 901 8, 821 12, 080 659 583 76 2, 866 1,181 1, 685 i Oklahoma 2, 132 744 1, 388 1, 644 554 1, 090 62 58 4 426 132 294 | Mexas- soso ese 12, 894 3, 993 8, 901 9, 885 2,154 7, 731 1,371 1,321 50 1, 638 518 1,120 ! Motels ses. es 64, 805 22, 323 42,482 54, 323 16, 949 37, 374 2, 889 2, 733 156 7, 593 2, 641 4, 952 I Total, South __--____- 509, 911 147, 884 362, 027 446, 772 108, 605 338, 167 29, 773 27, 907 1, 866 33, 366 11, 372 21, 994 Pacific Northwest: | Alask 4, 163 2, 290 1, 873 4, 163 2, 290 1, 873 ! 196, 828 102, 985 93, 843 156, 901 63, 219 93, 682 | 34, 056 19, 006 15, 050 25, 661 12, 940 12, 721 ' Motales 2222-2 235,047 | 124, 281 110,766 | 186, 725 78,449 | 108, 276 | Pacific Southwest: l California__._-____-- 199, 451 105, 800 98, 651 189, 271 98, 372 90, 899 10, 180 7, 428 25162) | Satan ae | Soe ne er ere Hawailo222.cccsccs= 177 97 80 133 73 G0) occas stash eee eee 44 24 20 otals 2262222 199, 628 105, 897 93, 731 189, 404 98, 445 90, 959 10, 180 7, 428 2, 752 44 24 20 See footnote at end of table. APPENDIX 219 TABLE 46.—Volume of plant residues in the United States, by industrial source, type of material, section, region, and State, 1962—Continued (Thousand cubic feet) All industries Lumber industry Veneer and plywood industry Other primary industries ! Section, region, and econ | ; State | Total Coarse Fine Total Coarse Fine Total Coarse Fine Total Coarse Fine il = _ Northern Rocky | Mountain: 5] [Idahots-22 2825528 73, 741 36, 912 36, 829 71, 859 35, 030 36, 829 941 O41 | Ex == 2 ee 941 CY ae Montana-_.-_-_-.----- 57, 821 24, 341 33, 480 52, 388 18, 908 33, 480 5, 033 6; (033; |'2222222=- 400 A00(|seos-teee South Dakota Gwrest)2- oe. 2-8 2, 747 1, 144 1, 603 2, 534 931 MAGUS Ee erect eee cee ele ee cae 213 O21 ta eee arenes Wyoming_________-- 7, 846 3, 301 4, 545 7, 829 3, 284 45453 eee eee es see all ae oe ee 17 by fl eee es t Movalicn sso s20— 142, 155 65, 698 76, 457 134, 610 58, 153 76, 457 5, 974 Bp O74 tens wees ss 1, 571 Ley Aa ee | Southern Rocky | Mountain: | i 10, 134 3, 909 6, 225 10, 031 3, 806 4 18, 594 9, 638 8, 956 17, 738 8, 782 | 252 150 102 223 121 i New Mexico-_-_-_---_- 18, 608 8, 791 9, 817 18, 555 8, 738 | tahoe ee ae 5, 546 3, 146 2, 400 5, 264 2, 864 | Totalve-c2._ Se 53,134 | 25,634] 27,500] 51,811 | 24,311 al Total, West.2---..--=- 629, 964 321, 510 308, 454 562, 550 259, 358 303, 192 59, 733 56, 981 2, 752 7, 681 5,171 2,510 ' Total, all regions... 1, 272,253 | 530,420 | 741,833 | 1,136,988 | 427,414) 709,574 | 91,668 | 85,262 | 6,406 | 43,597 | 17,744 | 25, 853 i i 1 Including cooperage, small dimension, excelsior, and other primary manufacturing plants. | TABLE 47.—Production, net imports, and apparent consumption of timber products in the United States, by major product, 1920-62 [Million cubic feet, roundwood equivalent] Industrial roundwood ! Fuel- Appar- Other | wood 2 Total ent Total Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood prod- Year domestic] con- ucts 3 produc- | sump- tion tion Domes-| Net | Appar- | Domes-| Net | Appar- | Domes-| Net | Appar- | Domes-| Net | Appar- | Appar- | Appar- tic pro- | im- | ent con-| tic pro-| im- | entcon-| tic pro-| im- |entcon-| tic pro- | im- | ent con-| ent con-| ent con- duction | ports | sump- | duction | ports®| sump- | duction | ports?| sump- | duction | ports*| sump- | sump- | sump- tion 4 tion 46 tion 4 tion 4° tion tion 12, 040 7,770 205 7, 975 5, 440 *55 5, 380 80) |S2s-se5 80 360 260 625 1, 890 4, 065 11, 000 6, 560 165 6, 730 4, 505 *80 4, 430 a ea 75 260 245 505 1, 720 4, 270 11, 655 7,605 290 7, 895 5, 480 *60 5, 420 el ee 90 340 350 690 1,695 3, 760 12, 255 8, 535 345 8, 880 6, 375 *75 6, 295 BY93|2-2-2-2 115 340 420 765 1, 705 3, 375 11, 910 8, 250 285 8, 530 6, 140 *155 5, 980 VEG (| seaseo 115 340 440 780 1, 655 3, 380 11, 935 8, 350 360 8, 710 6, 375 *120 6, 255 TS5i | ezeoe 135 345 480 825 1,495 3, 225 11, 660 8, 215 375 8, 595 6, 180 *145 6, 035 945:.|- 225225 145 400 520 925 1, 490 3, 065 11, 315 7, 780 340 8,115 5, 790 *205 5, 585 175 | (1) (*) 170 380 545 925 1, 435 3, 200 11, 185 7, 670 290 7, 960 5, 710 *275 5, 435 175 *5 175 400 570 965 1, 385 3, 225 11, 545 8, 045 330 8, 375 6, 020 *255 5, 765 200 *5 195 445 590 1, 035 1, 380 3,170 10, 495 6, 305 400 6, 705 4, 560 *175 4, 385 155 *5 150 395 580 975 1,195 3, 790 9, 335 4, 600 335 4,945 3,105 *150 2, 960 125 *5 120 400 490 895 970 4, 390 8, 685 3, 400 305 3, 705 2, 100 *120 1, 980 120 | (1°) (*) 115 350 425 780 830 4, 980 9, 390 4, 040 345 4, 385 2, 665 *145 2, 520 125 *5 120 415 495 910 835 5, 005 9, 520 4, 340 355 4, 695 2, 925 *165 2, 760 130 *5 125 430 525 955 855 4, 825 10, 225 5, 090 420 5, 715 3, 565 *135 3, 630 145 *5 140 485 560 1, 050 895 4, 510 10, 605 5, 990 560. 6, 340 4, 295 *95 3, 995 165 *5 160 555 660 1, 210 975 4, 265 10, 680 6, 360 610 6, 605 4, 505 *115 4, 015 195 *5 195 640 730 1, 375 1, 020 4, 075 10, 255 5, 570 470 5, 930 3, 860 *70 3, 680 195 | (10) (*) 195 595 540 1,135 920 4,325 11, 095 6, 370 535 6, 905 4, 470 *60 4, 410 210 | (1°) (*) 210 725 595 1, 320 965 4,190 11, 795 6, 975 400 7, 905 4, 845 *35 5, 340 235 *5 230 930 440 1,370 965 3, 890 12,105 8, 050 600 8, 510 5, 680 105 5, 630 265 *5 260 1, 075 500 1, 590 1, 030 3, 595 12, 660 8, 080 680 9, 795 5, 645 170 6, 830 305 *5 300 1, 130 515 1, 665 1, 000 2, 865 11, 530 7, 555 550 8, 745 5, 325 85 6, 020 280 *15 265 1, 030 480 1, 540 920 2, 785 11, 055 7, 450 535 8, 140 5,115 100 5, 385 270 *10 260 1, 160 445 1, 590 905 2,915 10, 520 6, 600 665 7, 545 4, 365 100 4, 745 250 *10 240 1,140 575 1,715 845 2, 975 10, 890 7, 700 785 8, 215 5, 295 90 5, 200 255 *5 250 1, 260 700 1, 875 890 2,675 11, 265 8, 085 795 8, 580 5, 500 *5 5, 260 275 35 265 1,370 805 2,115 940 2, 685 11, 705 8,360 | 1, 055 9, 040 5, 750 190 5, 645 290 (10) 295 1, 470 865 2, 250 850 2, 665 11, 330 75 915 8, 510 5, 000 140 5, 345 320 (10) 320 1,275 775 2,100 745 2, 820 See footnotes at end of table. 220 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TasLe 47.—Production, net imports, and apparent consumption of timber products in the United States, by major product, 1920-62—Continued {Million cubic feet, Appar- Total ent Total Saw logs Year domestic} con- produc- | sump- tion tion Domes-| Net | Appar- | Domes-} Net tic pro- | im- |entcon-| tic pro- | im- duction | ports’} sump- | duction | ports 5 tion 4 6 10,790 | 12,230 8, 520 | 1,355 9, 960 5, 905 455 10, 955 12, 055 8,725 | 1,190 9, 825 5, 780 235 11,100 | 12,270 9,090 | 1,170 | 10, 260 6, 145 270 10,675 | 11,920 8,755 | 1,225 | 10,000 5, 710 330 10, 510 11, 770 8,675 | 1,195 9, 935 5, 650 365 10, 890 12, 220 9,145 | 1,290 10, 475 5, 785 430 11,190 | 12, 460 9,535 | 1,375 | 10,805 5, 920 420 10, 110 11, 270 8, 545 | 1,195 9, 705 5, 100 335 9, 905 11, 200 8,425 | 1, 240 9, 720 5, 160 415 10,670 | 12,150 9,280 | 1,425 | 10,760 5, 745 515 10,.085 | 11,335 8,785 | 1,300 | 10,035 5, 080 480 9,865 | 11,285 8,650 | 1,365 | 10,070 4, 945 545 10,320 | 11, 800 9,195 | 1,480 | 10, 675 5, 270 650 roundwood equivalent] Industrial roundwood ! Fuel- Other | wood 2 Veneer logs Pulpwood prod- ucts 3 Appar- | Domes-| Net | Appar- | Domes-| Net | Appar- | Appar- | Appar- ent con-| tic pro-| im- | entcon-| tie pro-| im- | ent con-| ent con-| ent con- sump- | duction | ports?) sump- | duction | ports§| sump- | sump- | sump- tion 46 tion 4 tion 4° tion tion 6, 360 345 10 355 1, 500 890 2,475 770 2, 270 6, 020 390 10 400 1, 825 945 2,675 730 2, 230 6, 415 420 30 450 1, 825 870 2, 695 700 2, 010 6, 040 475 25 500 1, 895 870 2, 785 675 1, 920 6, 015 480 40 520 1, 890 790 2, 745 655 1, 835 6, 215 575 60 635 2,155 800 2, 995 630 1, 745 6, 335 590 65 655 2, 420 890 3, 210 605 1, 655 5, 435 560 70 630 2, 305 790 3, 060 580 1, 565 5, 575 615 80 695 2, 090 745 2, 890 560 1, 480 6, 255 720 115 835 2, 280 795 3,135 535 1, 390 5, 560 705 90 800 2, 490 730 3,165 510 1,300 5, 485 765 100 860 2, 450 720 3, 235 490 1, 215 5, 920 855 110 965 2, 605 720 3, 325 465 1, 125 1 Includes all products, except fuelwood, commonly cut from round sec- tions of trees. 2 Includes small quantities of imported fuelwood. 3 Includes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and a miscellaneous assortment of similar items. 4Columns may not add to total because of rounding. 5 Net imports of lumber converted to cubic feet roundwood. Small quan- tities of imported saw logs (roundwood form) are included in domestic production. 6 Includes changes in stocks 1935-49. 7 Net imports of veneer logs represent the equivalent net imports of veneer and plywood converted to board feet log scale, and then to cubic feet round- wood. The small volume of veneer logs imported (roundwood form) is included in domestic production. 8 Includes net pulpwood imports and the pulpwood equivalent of the net wood pulp and paper and paperboard imports. ° Includes changes in stocks beginning in 1941. 10 Less than 2.5 million cubic feet. *Net exports. Sources: Based on data published by the U.S. Departments of Commerce and Agriculture. TABLE 48.—Lumber production, imports, exports, and consumption in the United States, 1920-62 Domestic Apparent | Per capita Domestic Apparent | Per capita Year produc- Imports Exports |-consump- | consump- Year produc- Imports Exports consump- | consump- tion 1 tion tion tion tion tion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion board feet board feet board feet | board feet Board feet board feet board feet board feet | board feet | Board feet 19200 2 - e==chee 35.0 1.4 1.7 34.7 326 28.1 1.1 .4 28.7 205 tL) eee aed 41.0 1.8 2.6 40.2 347 34.1 1,2 .6 34.7 245 35.4 1.3 1.4 35. 4 246 1930: ..2222%4 29.4 1.2 2.4 28.2 229 37.0 19 .6 38.2 261 1930-2 .-25322- 20.0 .7 ley G 19.0 153 32.2 1.6 whe 33.1 222 1982¢ 83 ~ 5 Be 13.5 4 132 12.7 102 193322202225 17.2 4 13 16.3 130is|| L950 Res a 38.0 3.4 35 40.9 269 1984. [22 18.8 .3 1.3 17.8 141 37.2 2.5 1.0 38.7 250 37.5 2.5 aY/ 39.2 249 19862-22252 222 22.9 4 1:3 22.1 174 36.7 2.8 .6 38.9 243 193 G02Us Secs 27.6 7 1.3 27.0 211 36.4 3.1 ae: 38.7 237 DiS y ee ee 29.0 Bik 1.4 28. 2 219 19382. 24.8 .5 1.0 24.4 188 37.4 3.6 .8 40.1 242 19O8QR eS e re 28.8 7 11 28.4 217 38. 2 3.4 8 40.9 242 32.9 3.0 8 35.0 203 1940 ¥- 252 31.2 i 1.0 30.9 234 33.4 3.4 ag 36.1 206 1941ioe ots 36.5 1.4 aH 37.2 279 37.2 4.1 .8 40.5 228 19425 ek Ue 36.3 1.5 .5 37.4 277 19432522262 34.3 9 .3 34.8 255 32.9 3.9 9 36.0 199 194455. 2525 32.9 1.0 4 33.6 243 19GiSSS=-= See 31.9 4.3 .8 35.5 193 196205 ee ane 33. 2 4.9 8 37.3 200 1 1920-41 inclusive. the Census Survey. Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Census Bureau estimates of lumber production adjusted by the Forest Service to include the production of sawmills not covered in APPENDIX 221 TABLE 49.—Paper and board production, imports, exports, and consumption in the United States, 1920-62 { Domestic Apparent | Per capita Domestic Apparent | Per capita Year production | Imports Exports consump- | consump- Year production | Imports Exports consump- | consump- } tion 1 tion tion ! tion Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand tons tons tons tons Pounds tons tons tons tons Pounds 19202 ee 7, 185 778 219 Kee 146 17, 084 3, 036 264 19, 729 294 LOZ UES sae se = 5, 333 819 91 6, 061 112 17, 036 2, 717 255 19, 644 287 6, 875 1, 099 96 7, 878 143 17, 183 2, 574 254 19, 540 282 7, 871 1, 423 86 9, 208 165 7, 930 1, 459 91 9, 298 163 17, 371 2,751 396 19, 827 282 19, 264 3, 622 305 22, 536 320 9, 002 1, 528 92 10, 438 180 21,114 4,116 352 24, 774 345 9, 794 1, 930 117 11, 607 198 21, 897 4, 575 295 26, 070 357 10, 002 2, 065 113 11, 954 201 20, 315 4, 746 295 24, 780 332 10, 403 2, 222 136 12, 493 207 11, 140 2,485 179 13, 421 221 24, 375 4,998 297 29, 105 382 26, 047 5, 137 528 30, 527 396 10, 169 2,326 160 12, 341 200 24, 418 5, 173 499 28, 970 369 9, 382 2,105 124 11, 400 183 26, 605 5, 213 383 31, 516 392 7, 998 1, 827 85 9, 804 156 26, 876 5, 169 591 31, 505 386 9, 190 1, 828 98 10, 862 174 9, 187 2, 250 127 11, 211 177 30, 178 5, 360 736 34, 875 420 31, 441 5, 799 669 36, 341 430 LOSS 2: aes. 10, 479 2, 438 139 12,818 202 30, 666 5, 423 751 35, 252 411 NOSG Wee coca 11, 976 2, 832 137 14, 655 229 30, 823 5, 100 728 35, 215 403 193 (eos ee 12, 837 3,401 177 15, 650 243 34, 034 5, 559 793 38, 770 437 NOSB Ee ee ee 11, 381 2,336 156 13, 949 215 A939 M52 ese 13, 510 2, 683 198 15, 982 244 34, 444 5, 665 902 39, 242 434 35, 698 5, 682 1, 042 40, 387 441 1D.) =a eres 14, 484 2, 812 490 16, 769 254 37, 552 5, 806 1, 003 42, 337 453 They eee neers 17, 762 3, 056 399 20, 387 306 1 Includes changes in newsprint stocks beginning in 1929. merce. 1950-62, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Sources: 1920-49, American Paper and Pulp Association, The Statistics of eat Tpdustial Mepolie se, Peper end 200d, ue, ae Sane : 192 F . : str: Paper, 1960, reporting statistics published by the U.S. Department of Com- Bia sRerenee.e20y 10s 2 Cn NESi a UNE FANDy open ends Board, aust tenly, TABLE 50.—Wood pulp production, imports, exports, and consumption in the United States, 1920-62 } Domestic Apparent | Per capita Domestic Apparent | Per capita Year production | Imports Exports consump- | consump- Year production | Imports Exports | consump- | consump- tion tion tion tion Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand Thousand | Thousand | Thousand | Thousand tons tons tons tons Pounds tons tons tons tons Pounds 1920 Sos 42 222 3, 822 906 32 4, 696 88 10. 783 1, 237 378 11, 642 173 it)} Ae ees 2, 876 697 28 3, 544 65 9, 680 1, 306 301 10, 685 156 19222 22 Seles 3, 522 1, 259 25 4, 756 86 10, 108 1, 072 218 10, 962 158 1923 82s S225. 3, 789 1, 383 23 5, 149 92 1994 sos eS 38, 723 1, 523 32 5, 214 91 10, 167 1, 754 135 11, 786 168 10, 607 1, 805 39 12, 373 175 1925 22Le—- sS 3, 962 1, 664 38 5, 588 97 11, 946 2, 322 130 14, 138 196 1926 Satie ee 4, 395 1, 731 34 6, 092 104 12, 872 2, 176 94 14, 955 204 NO Zia 4, 313 1, 676 32 5, 957 100 12, 207 1, 763 122 13, 848 186 LO2R i ee SY 4, 511 1, 755 33 6, 232 103 1929 Sees 4, 863 1, 881 54 6, 690 110 14, 849 2, 385 96 17, 138 225 16, 524 2, 361 202 18, 683 241 ipl 930525 aes — 4, 630 1, 830 48 6, 412 104 16, 473 1, 937 212 18, 198 231 sel O31 2s See 4, 409 1, 596 53 5, 952 96 17, 537 2, 158 162 19, 533 244 19322 ses eco 3, 760 1, 482 48 5, 194 83 18, 256 2, 051 442 19, 865 244 NOS Sees toes 4, 276 1, 942 79 6, 139 98 1934225 su vb 4, 436 1, 806 143 6, 099 97 20, 740 2, 214 631 22, 323 269 ! 22, 131 2, 332 525 23, 938 283 TA ces neta sees 4, 926 1, 933 172 6, 687 105 21, 800 2, 101 622 23, 278 271 LOSGHiG= Ses 5, 695 2, 278 193 7, 779 121 21, 796 2, 105 515 23, 385 267 NOS ines ose se 6, 573 2, 395 323 8, 645 134 24, 383 2, 431 653 26, 162 294 HeplOB8 Sorel = 5, 934 1, 710 140 7, 503 116 O39 aae =a 6, 993 2, 026 140 8, 880 136 25, 316 2, 389 1, 142 26, 563 294 26, 523 2, 467 1, 178 27, 812 303 S40 Soe 8, 960 1, 225 481 9, 703 147 27, 908 2, 789 1, 186 29, 511 316 ig 5 I See ees 10, 375 1, 158 329 11, 205 168 ! Data may not add to total because of rounding. of Commerce. wena ee Depatlaeut of Cerne rCe, Bateeu a ths F cone J Census, rrent Industri eports, Pulp, Paper and Board, Annual, @ Sources: 1920-49, United States Pulp Producers Association, Inc., Wood poe cure a aan Latainctation. Pulp, Paper and Board, Pulp Statistics, 1963, reporting statistics published by the U.S. Department Quarterly. 744-350 O—65 16 =x 222 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE 51.—Pulpwood consumption, production, net imports in the United States, and the equivalent wood volumes of the net imports of paper, board, and wood pulp, 1920-621 Year Total con- sumption 12, 928 13, 898 13, 188 12, 075 [Thousand cords] Consump- tion of pulp- wood in U.S. mills 40, 485 42,191 44, 070 Total 26, 972 30, 948 35, 196 34, 422 33, 239 36, 716 40, 012 40, 272 42,772 1 Data may not add to totals because of changes in inventories, rounding, and statistical discrepancies in imports. Domestic production of pulpwood 15, 062 14, 804 16, 366 17, 793 19, 101 16, 544 19, 466 23, 728 23,477 24, 597 25, 072 28, 273 31, 696 30, 145 27, 818 30, 076 32, 622 32, 117 33, 811 Net imports of paper, Net board, and Roundwood pulpwood | wood pulp Chipped imports in terms of residues pulpwood Softwood | Hardwood equivalents 4, 157 546 170 1, 241 2, 126 3, 068 341 67 1, 082 2, 064 3, 955 494 88 1,012 3,473 3, 947 488 104 1, 334 4, 084 3, 875 523 119 1, 251 4, 426 3, 963 505 156 1, 470 4, 684 4, 679 543 181 1, 363 5, 340 4, 351 576 286 1, 5388 5, 455 4, 620 565 456 1,519 5, 768 5, 080 706 561 1, 298 6, 253 4,479 669 596 1, 452 5, 992 4, 702 522 558 941 5, 352 4,129 443 441 620 4, 854 4,726 663 480 712 5, 659 4, 947 655 236 959 5, 752 5, 561 766 293 1, 008 6, 182 6, 189 1, 008 330 1, 189 7, 250 7, 330 1, 000 565 1, 499 7, 892 6, 927 795 231 1, 241 5, 708 8, 504 913 319 1, 081 6, 571 10, 776 1,318 275 1, 374 4, 283 12, 392 1, 559 225 1, 560 4, 871 12, 993 1,714 200 1, 660 4, 984 11, 761 1, 630 189 1, 355 4,810 13, 067 1, 995 287 1,351 4, 392 12, 668 2, 136 450 1, 523 5, 883 18, 923 2, 443 600 1, 675 7,309 15, 253 2, 540 750 1, 750 8, 604 16, 618 2, 483 925 1, 982 9, 108 14, 236 2, 308 1,075 1, 411 8,519 16, 545 2,921 1, 250 1, 385 10, 032 19, 909 3, 819 1, 400 2, 497 9, 636 19, 846 3, 631 1, 568 2, 108 8, 943 20, 438 4, 159 1, 725 1, 541 9, 633 20, 541 4, 531 1, 900 1, 562 8, 620 23, 038 5, 235 2, 675 1, 704 8, 633 25, 762 5, 934 3, 500 1, 762 9, 699 24, 070 6, 075 4,277 1, 666 8, 495 22, 244 5, 574 5, 421 1, 269 8, 344 22, 869 7, 207 6, 640 1, 055 9, 204 24, 527 8, 095 7, 390 1, 158 8, 245 23, 996 8, 121 8, 155 1, 162 8, 080 24, 866 8, 945 8, 962 1, 292 8, 785 Census; U.S. Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; American Paper and Pulp Association; and American Pulpwood Association. APPENDIX II Definitions Allowable Cut. The volume of timber that may be cut during a given period under specified management plans for sustained production. Area Condition Classes. A classification of commercial forest land based upon stocking by desirable trees and other conditions affecting current and prospective timber growth. Basal Area. The area in square feet of the cross section at breast height of a single tree or of all the trees in a stand usually expressed as square feet of basal area per acre. Commercial Forest Land. Forest land which is produc- ing or is capable of producing crops of industrial wood and not withdrawn from timber utilization by statute or admin- istrative regulation. Includes areas suitable for manage- ment to grow crops of industrial wood generally capable of producing in excess of 25 cubic feet per acre of annual growth. Includes both accessible and inaccessible areas. Commercial Species. Tree species presently or pro- spectively suitable for industrial wood products; excludes pected weed species, such as black-jack oak and haw- orn. Cropland. Land under cultivation within the past 24 months, including cropland harvested, crop failures, culti- vated summer fallow, idle cropland, cropland used only for pasture, orchards and land in soil improving crops, but excluding land cultivated in developing improved pasture. _Cull Trees. Live trees of sawtimber and poletimber size that are unmerchantable for saw logs now or prospec- tively because of roughness, rot, or species (also see rotten cull trees and rough trees). Desirable Trees. Growing-stock trees having no serious defects in quality limiting present or prospective use, of relatively high vigor, and containing no pathogens that may result in death or serious deterioration before rotation age. _Diameter Classes. A classification of trees based on diameter outside bark measured at breast height (4% feet above the ground). D.b.h. is the common abbreviation for “diameter at breast height.’”’ When using 2-inch diameter classes the 6-inch class, for example, includes trees 5.0 through 6.9 inches d.b.h. inclusive. Disposable Personal Income. All monetary income received during a specified period by individual persons after payment of direct personal taxes. Dwelling Unit. One or more rooms occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters and having either separate cooking equipment or a separate entrance. Farm. A place of 10 or more acres from which the sale of agricultural products totaled $50 or more annually, or a place of less than 10 acres from which the sale of agricultural products totaled $250 or more during the previous year. _ Forest Industry Lands. Lands owned by companies or individuals operating wood-using plants. Lumber Producer. A forest owner who manufactures lumber and uses a greater cubic volume of timber from his land for this purpose than for any other primary wood product that he may produce. Pulp and Paper Producer. A forest owner who manu- factures wood pulp and who uses a greater cubic volume of timber from his land for this purpose than for any other primary wood product that he may produce. Other Wood Products Producer. A forest owner who manufactures one or more wood products other than lumber and/or pulp and who uses a greater cubic volume of timber from his land for such products than for lumber or pulp. Forest Land. Land at least 10 percent stocked by forest trees of any size, or formerly having had such tree cover and not currently developed for nonforest use. (Also see Commercial Forest Land, Noncommercial Forest Land, Productive-reserved Forest Land, and Un- productive Forest Land). Includes chaparral areas in the West and afforested areas. The minimum area for classification of forest land is 1 acre. Roadside, stream- side, and shelterbelt strips of timber must have a crown width at least 120 feet wide to qualify as forest land. Unimproved roads and trails, streams, and clearings in sores areas are classed as forest if less than 120 feet in width. Forest Trees. Woody plants having a well-developed stem and usually more than 12 feet in height, including both growing stock and cull trees. Forest Types. A classification of forest land based upon the tree species presently forming a plurality of stocking. For pole-timber size trees and larger, stocking is determined from basal area occurrence and for trees less than 5.0 inches d.b.h. from numbers of trees. Major Eastern Forest Type Groups: White-Red-Jack Pine. Forests in which eastern white, red pine, or jack pine, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking. (Common asso- ciates include hemlock, aspen, birch, and maple.) Spruce-Fir. Forests in which spruce or true firs, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include white cedar, tamarack, maple, birch, and hemlock.) Longleaf-Slash Pine. Forests in which longleaf or slash pine, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include other southern pines, oak, and gum.) Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine. Forests in which loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, or other southern yellow pines except longleaf or slash pine, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking. (Common asso- ciates include oak, hickory, and gum.) Oak-Pine. Forests in which hardwoods (usually upland oaks) comprise a plurality of the stocking but in which southern pines comprise 25-50 percent of the stocking. (Common associates include gum, hickory, and yellow-poplar.) Oak-Hickory. Forests in which upland oaks, or hickory, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking except where pines comprise 25-50 percent, in which case the stand would be classified oak-pine. (Common associates include yellow-poplar, elm, maple, and black walnut.) 223 224 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES Oak-Gum-Cypress. Bottom-land forests in which tupelo, blackgum, sweetgum, oaks, or southern cypress, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking except where pines comprise 25-50 percent, in which case the stand would be classified oak-pine. (Common associates include cottonwood, willow, ash, elm, hackberry, and maple.) Elm-Ash-Cottonwood. Forests in which elm, ash, or cottonwood, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include willow, sycamore, beech, and maple.) Maple-Beech-Birch. Forests in which maple, beech, or yellow birch, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include hemlock, elm, basswood, and white pine.) Aspen-Birch. Forests in which aspen, balsam poplar, paper birch, or gray birch, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking. (Common asso- ciates include maple and balsam fir.) Major Western Forest Type Groups: Douglas-fir. Forests in which Douglas-fir comprise a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include western hemlock, western redcedar, the true firs, red- wood, ponderosa pine, and larch.) Hemlock-Sitka Spruce. Forests in which western hemlock and/or Sitka spruce comprise a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include Douglas-fir, silver fir, and western redcedar.) Redwood. Forests in which redwood comprises a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include Douglas-fir, grand fir, and tanoak.) Ponderosa Pine. Forests in which ponderosa pine comprises a plurality of the stocking. (Common asso- ciates include Jeffrey pine, sugar pine, limber pine, Arizona pine, Apache pine, Chihuahua pine, Douglas- fir, incense cedar, and white fir.) WesternWhite Pine. Forests in which western white pine comprises a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates are western redcedar, larch, white fir, Douglas- fir, lodgepole pine, and Engelmann spruce.) Lodgepole Pine. Forests in which lodgepole pine comprises a plurality of the stocking. (Common asso- ciates are alpine fir, western white pine, Engelmann spruce, aspen, and larch.) Larch. Forests in which western larch comprises a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates are Douglas-fir, grand fir, western redcedar, and western white pine.) Fir-Spruce. Forests in which true firs (Abies spp.), Engelmann spruce, or Colorado blue spruce, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates are mountain hemlock and lodge- pole pine.) Hardwoods. Forests in which aspen, red alder, or other western hardwoods, singly or in combination, comprise a plurality of the stocking. Chaparral. Forests of heavily branched dwarfed trees or shrubs, usually evergreen, the crown canopy of which at maturity covers more than 50 percent of the ground and whose primary value is watershed protection. The more common chaparral constituents are species of Quercus, Cercocarpus, Garrya, Ceanothus, Arctostaphylos, and Adenostoma. (Types dominated by such shrubs as Artemisia, Opuntia, Purshia, Gutierrezia, or semidesert species are not commonly considered chaparral.) _ Pinyon-Juniper. Forests in which pinyon pine and/or Juniper comprise a plurality of the stocking. Gross National Product (GNP). The total value of all goods and services produced in the Nation during a specified period. _ Growing Stock Volume. Net volume in cubic feet of live sawtimber and poletimber trees from stump to a minimum 4-inch top (of central stem) outside bark or to the point where the central stem breaks into limbs. Growing-Stock Trees. Live sawtimber trees, pole- timber trees, saplings, and seedlings meeting specified standards of quality or vigor; excludes cull trees. Growth. See definitions for ‘‘Net annual growth’ and “Tngrowth.” Hardwoods. Dicotyledonous trees, usually broad- leaved and deciduous. Household. A household consists of all the persons occupying a dwelling unit. Indian Lands. Tribal lands held in fee by the Federal Government but administered for Indian tribal groups, and Indian trust allotments. Industrial Wood. All commercial roundwood products except fuelwood. Industrial Raw Materials. Includes a variety of (a) agricultural nonfoods and wildlife products, such as cotton and other fibers, vegetable oils, hides, rubber and furs, (b) minerals except gold, such as iron and other metallic ore, clay, sand limestone, and sulfur, and (c) nh products such as saw logs, veneer logs, and pulp- wood. Ingrowth. The number or net volume of trees that grew into the 6-inch diameter class or into sawtimber size classes during a specified period. Labor Force. That section of the population 14 years of age and older that is or could be expected to be: (a) productively engaged in civilian economic activity, (b) serving in the Nation’s armed forces, and (ce) out of employment but available for and willing to accept employment. Land Area. Census definition: The area of dry land and land temporarily or partially covered by water such as marshes, swamps, and river flood plains (omitting tidal flats below mean high tide); streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals less than \ of a statute mile in width; and lakes, reservoirs, and ponds less than 40 acres in area. Forest Survey definition: Same as above except minimum width of streams, ete. is 120 feet and minimum size of lakes, etc. is 1 acre. Log Grades. A classification of logs based on external characteristics as indicators of quality or value. Logging Residues. The unused portions of poletimber and sawtimber trees killed by land clearing, cultural opera- tions, or timber harvesting. Miscellaneous Federal Land. Federal land other than national forests, lands administered by Bureau of Land Management, and Indian lands. Miscellaneous Private Land. Privately owned lands other than forest industry or farmer-owned lands. Mortality. The volume of sound wood in live sawtimber and poletimber trees dying from natural causes during a specified period. National Forest Land. Federal lands which have been designated by Executive order or statute as national forests or purchase units, and other lands under the administration of the Forest Service, including experimental areas and Bankhead-Jones title III lands. Net Annual Growth. The annual change in volume of sound wood in live sawtimber and poletimber trees resulting from natural causes. Net Volume in Board Feet: The gross board-foot volume of trees less deductions for rot or other defect affecting use for lumber. Net Volume in Cubic Feet. less deductions for rot. Noncommercial Forest Land. Unproductive forest land incapable of yielding crops of industrial wood because of adverse site conditions, and productive forest land with- drawn from commercial timber use through statute or administrative regulation. Nonforest Land. Land that has never supported forests and lands formerly forested but now developed for non- forest uses such as crops, improved pasture, residential areas, city parks, improved roads, and adjoining rights-of- way, power-line clearings, and certain areas of water classi- fied by the Bureau of the Census as land. (See definition forland area.) In forest areas unimproved roads, streams, Gross volume in cubic feet APPENDIX canals, and nonforest strips must be more than 120 feet wide, and clearings in forest areas must be more than 1 acre in size, to qualify as nonforest land. Nonstocked Areas. Commercial forest land less than 10 percent stocked with growing-stock trees. Old-Growth Sawtimber Stands. Sawtimber stands in which 50 percent or more of the net board-foot volume is in old-growth sawtimber trees. Old-Growth Sawtimber Trees. or passed rotation age. Ownership. The property owned by one owner, includ- ing all parcels of land in the United States. Pasture and Rangeland. Land which is currently im- proved for grazing by cultivation, seeding, or irrigation, and natural grasslands that never supported tree growth. Plant Byproducts. Wood material from primary manu- facturing plants (such as slabs, edgings, trimmings, miscuts, sawdust shavings, veneer cores and clippings, and pulp screenings) that are used for some product. Plant Residues. Wood materials from primary manu- facturing plants that are not used for any product. Poletimber Stands. Stands at least 10 percent stocked with growing-stock trees, of which half or more of the stocking is sawtimber and/or poletimber trees with pole- timber stocking exceeding that of sawtimber. (See defi- nition of stocking.) Poletimber Trees. Live trees of commercial species at least 5.0 inches in diameter breast height but smaller than sawtimber size, and of good form and vigor. Productive-Reserved Forest Land. Productive public forest land withdrawn from timber utilization through statute or administrative regulation. Realizable Growth. The net annual growth of timber that would be attained if the better present-day forestry practice in the various regions were extended to all com- mercial forest land. Rotten Cull Trees. Live trees of commercial species that do not contain a saw log now or prospectively, pri- marily because of rot (e.g., when rot accounts for more than 50 percent of the total cull volume). Roundwood Products. Logs, bolts, or other round sec- tions cut from trees. Salvable Dead Trees. Standing or down dead trees that are considered currently or potentially merchantable by regional standards. Sampling Error. The probable maximum error of an estimated total or average that arises from taking a sample rather than making a complete inventory or meas- urement. Sampling errors do not include technique errors such as could occur in photo classification of areas, meas- urement of volume, or compilation of data. Saplings. Live trees of commercial species 1.0 inch to 5.0 inches in diameter at breast height and of good form and vigor. Sapling-Seedling Stands. Stands at least 10 percent stocked with growing stock trees of which more than half are saplings and/or seedlings. Saw Log. A log meeting minimum approved log-grade specifications, or, for species for which approved log grades are lacking; at least 8 feet long, with a minimum d.i.b. of 6 inches, and with deduction for defect no greater than two-thirds the gross volume. Saw-Log Portion. That part of the bole of sawtimber trees between the stump and the saw-log top, that is, the point on the bole above which any regionally specified grade of saw log cannot be obtained. Sawtimber Stands. Stands at least 10 percent stocked with growing-stock trees, with half or more of the total stocking in sawtimber or poletimber trees and with saw- timber stocking at least equal to poletimber stocking. Sawtimber Trees. Live trees of commerical species containing at least one saw log. Softwoods must be at least 9.0 inches in diameter breast height, except in Cali- fornia, Oregon, Washington, and coastal Alaska where the minimum diameter is 11.0 inches. Hardwoods must be at least 11.0 inches in diameter in all States. Trees that have reached 225 Sawtimber Volume. Net volume of the saw log portion of live sawtimber trees in board feet. Seedlings. Established live trees of commercial species less than 1.0 inch in diameter at breast height and of good form and vigor. Site Classes. A classification of forest land in terms of inherent capacity to grow crops of industrial wood. Softwoods. Coniferous trees, usually evergreen, having needle or scalelike leaves. Sound Cull Trees. (Rough Trees.) Live trees that do not contain a saw log now or prospectively, primarily because of roughness, poor form, or noncommercial species. Stand Improvement. Measures such as_ thinning, release cutting, girdling, weeding, poisoning of cull trees or pruning aimed at improving growing conditions. Stand-Size Classes. A classification of forest land based on the predominant size of timber present, that is, saw- timber, poletimber, or seedlings and saplings. State, County, and Municipal Land. Land owned by States, counties, and local public agencies, or lands leased by these governmental units for more than 50 years. Stocking. A measure of the degree to which forest land is occupied by trees of specified classes in relation to a specified basal area standard for trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger, or numbers of trees per acre for trees less than 5.0 inches; tree classes include (1) all live trees, (2) growing- stock trees, and (38) desirable trees. Classifications of forest land and forest types are based on stocking of all live trees. Classification of condition classes is based on stocking of desirable trees. Stocking Percentage. Current area occupancy or stocking in relation to specified stocking standards. Stocking Standard. The minimum number or basal area per acre of well spaced trees required to fully utilize a forest site. Timber Cut from Growing Siock. The volume of sound wood in live sawtimber and poletimber trees cut for forest products during a specified period, including both round- wood products and logging residues. Timber Cut from Sawtimber. The net board-foot vol- ume of live sawtimber trees cut for forest products during a specified period, including both roundwood products and logging residues. Timber Products. Includes (a) roundwood products such as saw logs, veneer logs and bolts, cooperage logs and bolts, pulpwood, fuelwood, piling, poles, posts, hewn ties, mine timbers, and other round, split, or hewn products, and (b) byproducts of primary wood manufacturing plants. Tree Size Classes. A classification of growing stock trees according to diameter at breast height outside bark, including sawtimber trees, poletimber trees, saplings, and seedlings. Unproductive Forest Land. Forest land incapable of yielding crops of industrial wood because of adverse site conditions. Includes sterile or poorly drained forest land, subalpine forests and steep rocky areas where topographic conditions are likely to prevent management for timber production. Upper Stem Portion. That part of the bole of saw- timber trees above the saw log top to a minimum top diameter of 4.0 inches outside bark, or to the point where the central stem breaks into limbs. Urban and Other Areas. Includes areas developed for residential, industrial, or related purposes and all non- sores land not included in any other specified land use class. Volume of Salvable Dead Timber. Net volume of dead trees, standing or down, that are considered merchantable by regional standards. Young-Growth Sawtimber Stands. Sawtimber stands in which 50 percent or more of the net board-foot volume is in young-growth sawtimber trees. Young-Growth Sawtimber Trees. passed rotation age. Trees that have not APPENDIX Ill Procedures Commercial Forest Area Estimates of forest land and commercial forest land areas obtained in the most recent forest survey were adopted as the best available estimates as of January 1, 1963. In practically all States figures were based on classification of a large number of points on aerial photographs, followed by field verification of a sample of the photo points. Timber Volume Estimates of timber volumes obtained in surveys com- pleted within the three years prior to 1963 were adopted without change. In other cases data for the most recent forest survey were updated to January 1, 1963, in most instances by using the growth-projection procedure de- scribed below. Volume estimates for part of California were based upon remeasurements of a sample of locations established in the initial forest survey. Where necessary to insure comparability between esti- mates for 1953 and 1963, information from surveys com- pleted subsequent to 1953 were “backdated” to January 1, 19538 to obtain revised estimates for 1958, using the growth- projection procedure described below. In the East in- ventories were updated an average of 5 years; in the West the average updating period was somewhat longer. Net Annual Growth and Mortality Estimates of annual growth in 1962 were based mainly upon remeasurements of radial growth as indicated by increment cores, using a 5- or 10-year period preceding the field survey, applied to the updated 1963 inventory. Estimates of mortality were based largely upon measure- ments of trees determined to have died on inventory plots during the 3- or 5-year period just prior to field surveys. Additional allowances were made for sporadic or cata- strophic mortality, where appropriate, when no evidence of such mortality was found on survey plots, based on fire records or other local evidence. Consistency Checks Upon completion of the updating and backdating of in- ventory and growth estimates, a check was made for each State to make sure that changes in inventory volumes between 1952 and 1962 were consistent with differences between net growth and timber cut in 1952 and 1962. Inconsistencies may arise for one or more of the following reasons: 1. Sampling errors in estimates of inventory, growth, cut and mortality. 2. Estimating and reporting errors, particularly in mortality estimates and in timber cut figures de- rived from industrial surveys. 3. Differences between the annual cut in 1952 and 1962 and the average of the 10-year period. In most instances inconsistencies could be attributed to sampling errors and annual fluctuations in timber cut. In some cases inconsistencies could not be explained or eliminated since estimates for inventories, growth and cut 226 in the past have necessarily been derived more or less independently. This problem should be greatly reduced in the future for surveys are now based on remeasurements of permanent plots. Since estimates of inventory volumes generally are most reliable, most of the inconsistencies are attributed to dis- crepancies in estimates of timber cut and net growth, notably the mortality component of net growth. In- consistencies thus point to an underestimation of timber cut and mortality, and an over-optimistic growth/cut re- lationship for 1962. This did not appreciably influence the long-term timber supply projections, however, for by the mid-seventies, the constraining influence of rapidly in- creasing stand densities became much more of a controlling factor than discrepancies between growth and cut in 1962. A consistency check for the entire United States showed a discrepancy of 17.9 billion cubic feet of growing stock, or 2.8 percent of the 1963 inventory. The discrepancy for sawtimber was about 54 billion board feet or 2.1 per- cent of the 1963 inventory. It is estimated that not more than 0.8 percent of the 2.8 percent inconsistency for grow- ing stock could reasonably be attributed to sampling errors in the inventory. Growth Projections Estimates of inventory volumes, net growth, and mor- tality of growing stock for the period 1963-2000 were based upon a stand-projection method programmed for use on the Honeywell 800 and IBM 709 computers. This procedure started with the updated 1963 inventory of number of trees by 2-inch d.b-h. classes, derived by using radial growth rates, mortality rates, cutting rates, in- growth rates, and volumes per tree based on the most recently completed forest surveys. The ‘‘potential’” increase in number of trees in each 2- inch diameter class in the absence of cutting and mortality was then calculated using those same growth factors, as described in more detail below. From these estimates, deductions were made by diameter class for number of trees cut, number of trees lost by mortality, and the growth on trees cut and lost to mortality. These com- putations in terms of total number of trees or trees per acre, were made annually for the specified period. Num- ber of trees were then converted to volume and basal area in specified years. ; All projections were made for the area of commercial forest land as estimated for January 1, 1963. Timber cut in each section and region was based upon an allocation of the total timber cut developed in the section on The Outlook for Timber Demands. Projections were made assuming no increase in the level of forest management above that prevailing in 1962. Input factors for the computer program were developed as follows: Number of trees per acre.—Total number of trees in the inventory as of January 1, 1963, by 2-inch diameter classes, and by softwoods and hardwoods, were pooled for the region for which the growth projection was made, and APPENDIX divided by the area of commercial forest land to determine numbers of trees per acre. Only trees qualifying as growing stock were included in computing stand table projections, but projections of basal area included cull trees as well as growing stock trees. Annual average radial growth.— Average annual growth rates by 2-inch diameter classes were obtained from measurements taken on forest survey plots, either on remeasured permanent plots or by measurement of growth of increment cores during the 5- or 10-year period prior to the survey measurements. In the updating to January 1, 1968, no modifications of radial growth rates were made in response to changes in density and stand structure. In the long-term projections to the year 2000, however, radial growth rates were changed in response to increasing stand densities. Data from remeasured plots indicated that both radial growth and mortality rates are directly related to basal area density per acre, with average growth rates dropping and mortality rates increasing as stand basal area rises. In the East, for example, radial growth and mortality rates were therefore modified as follows: MR2=MRI1 (a—bD-+cD?) where: MR2 (or RG)=mortality rate (or radial growth) after one year’s growth. MR1=mortality rate at the beginning of the year D=two-inch d.b.h. class P=1.000—2 (BA)—§ (BA)? where: BA=basal area density of all live trees 1.0 inches and larger in square feet b and ¢ are regression coefficients Dividing the b and c coefficients by 2 divides the constrain- ing influence equally between radial growth and mortality. As a matter of computational expediency all of the con- straining influence was assigned to mortality, which eliminated the need to divide by 2 or some other allocating proportion between radial growth and mortality. Constraining equations used in the East were as follows: Northern softwoods: P=1.0000— .0003028BA — .0000282B A? Northern hardwoods: P=1.0000—.0004541BA — .0000424B A? South—all species: P=1.0000— .0003531BA — .0000329BA? 227 Theoretically the use of pooled radial growth data without converting the weights to logarithms constitutes a potential source of bias. However, several checks indicated that from a practical standpoint the bias was negligible. Mortality rates.—For trees over 5.0 inches d.b.h., mortal- ity rates, i.e., the ratio between the number of live trees that die annually and the inventory number of trees at the beginning of the year, were developed from tallies of dead trees at the time of inventories or from reconstruc- tion of remeasured plots. Mortality rates usually were curved to remove irregularities by diameter classes. Sapling mortatity.—For trees under 5.0 inches, mortality rates were not available in many cases and existing measurements were often irregular. Growth and mortal- ity rates for 2- and 4-inch trees were therefore computed using extrapolated radial growth rates and stand-structure quotients extrapolated from trees above 5.0 inches. Since cutting of 2- and 4-inch trees is negligible it was assumed that the difference between growth and average annual change was mortality. Thus the -“‘potential’’ increase in numbers of 2- or 4-inch trees plus or minus the average annual change in number of such trees between surveys was taken as the best estimate of mortality rates for 2- and 4-inch trees. Where two or more surveys were not available to obtain the average annual change in numbers of 2- and 4-inch trees over time, average annual change was assumed to be zero. This procedure for com- puting mortality of 2- and 4-inch trees was as follows: (1) MR=M/INV MR=mortality rate M=mortality in number of trees INV=inventory in number of trees (2) M=PI—AC PI=potential increase AC=average annual change in number of trees between surveys (3) PI=ING1—ING2 ING1=number of trees growing into the 2- or 4-inch d.b.h. class (ingrowth) ING2=number of trees growing out of the 2- or 4-inch d.b.h. class (outgrowth) (4) ING=INGR*x AINV ING=ingrowth INGR=ingrowth rate AINV=accumulative stand, i.e., number of trees 1.0 inches and larger, 3.0 inches and larger, and 5.0 inches and larger (5) INGR=antilog of (Log Q& RG)—1 Q=stand-structure quotient RG=average annual radial growth _ AINV,-» CG) Os RIN. n=2, 4, 6, etc., d.b.h. classes Example: (East Gulf Softwoods) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) DBH AINV Q LOG Q RG INGR ING Pr AC M trees Inches M trees M trees M trees espe ol ee 8,522 ,248 2.213 | 1 0.34498 10.095 0.078 664,735 340 , 744 162,705 Ab EWS SRLS ke eee 4,153,734 2.052 .81218 .104 .078 323 ,991 159 , 276 56,829 Os Rae eee Sa aes 2,196,199 1.891 . 27669 Feil} .075 GAG Tb Nee oe te Baia apt Gea eee 1 Extrapolated from 4- and 6-inch classes. MR2= (340,744 — 162,705) + (8,522,248 — 4,153,734) = .0408 MR4= (159,276 — 56,829) + (4,153,734 — 2,196,199) = .0523 228 TIMBER TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES Cutting rates.—Cutting rates were used to distribute the total allocated sawtimber cut (as described in the section on The Outlook for Timber Supply) by 2-inch diameter class. Cutting rates, by 2-inch diameter classes, were determined in the West by the ratio between the number of trees cut during a year and the inventory of trees at the beginning of the year. In the East where the cut is from young-growth timber, cutting rates were set as the ratios between numbers of trees cut during a year and the net growth in numbers of trees in each 2-inch d.b.h. class. These cutting rates were determined from utilization studies, from stump counts on initial surveys, and from tallies of trees cut during the period between remeasurement of permanent plots. Cutting rates by diameter class were usually curved to remove irregularities. In the East cutting rates for 1962 were varied annually by a constant rate to approximate the following rates by 2000. D.b.h. Softwoods Hardwoods pre eee ey a Se 0.75 0.50 Sateen see ee eee ee .90 80 1 Uf) et sl ot eee 1.00 .90 1 AC See oa Seung wee ae we Ree 1.00 1.00 For example, in 1962 the cutting rate for 6-inch softwoods in the South was 34.8 percent of the net growth. The AC factor is: __-750—.348 AC 37 =+.0109 Cutting rates used to distribute the softwood in the South cut by size of timber expressed as a proportion of net growth were as follows: D.b.h. class 1962 1980 2000 CS a a ee 0.348 0.538 0.750 meena + at Peed 2,8 .484 681 .900 iQ zee 2s 2 .574 776 1.000 1 APs 1 es eae ee meena .687 835 1.000 EL Aer PAOD i Bel tal BE) . 662 822 1.000 1 1 RR Se are ep reece ee .667 825 1.000 | Fs ep = paar om .701 842 1.000 2 () Seer eas ts Aa .714 849 1.000 7 et ea ee .899 947 1.000 Computations The higher cutting rate for 12-inch trees than for 14-inch trees reflects an overlap of heavy cutting for both pulp- wood and saw logs. Sapling ingrowth. Ingrowth of saplings was defined as the number of trees that grew to be 1.0 inch or larger during the year of estimate. This was computed as shown in equation 3 under sapling mortality. In the illustration for East Gulf Softwoods, ingrowth was 664,735,000 trees per year (column 6). For planted ingrowth it was assumed that for each 1,000 seedlings distributed to landowners 600 would survive to enter the 1.0 inch and larger stands in 5 years in the South, and in 7 years elsewhere. During the period 1958-62, for example, the average annual area planted in the South was 1,262,029 acres. It was assumed that if this rate of planting continued, plantations would contribute 757 million trees to the annual ingrowth. Net volume per tree. Average volumes per tree in | board feet and cubic feet, by 2-inch diameter class, were based on data from the most recently completed forest | survey. It was assumed that volumes per tree would remain constant throughout the updating and projecting computations. Forest areas. Inventory and input factors were entered in terms of numbers of trees per acre of commercial forest land in the West and per acre of softwood and hardwood types in the East. All computations were first made on a per-acre basis for the output years, and then multiplied by the forest areas in each section to obtain estimates of total growth and inventory. It was assumed that areas would remain constant throughout the projection period except in the South where it was assumed that the shift from softwood to hardwood types would continue at the rate prevailing over the past 10 years. These projected areas in acres were as follows: Softwood Hardwood Commercial Year type type forest area 1958e. 2. S22.25 81,591 112,765 194,356 i] a 80,609 120, 460 201,069 T9T0e aes 79 , 933 121,136 201,069 19802222382 8 78,965 122,104 201,069 199 QL aes oe 77,993 123 ,076 201,069 200022222. eae 77,017 124 , 052 201 , 069 The following programed computations were used with the above input data to obtain estimates of growth and inventory in each of the output years, as follows: 1. Number of trees at the end=Number of trees at the of the year beginning of the year 2. Change in number of trees=Net growth during the year 3. Net growth = Potential increase 4. Potential increase =Ingrowth 5. Ingrowth =Ingrowth rate 6. Ingrowth rate = Antilog of 7. Stand-structure quotient | =Accumulative inventory in the next smaller stand size 8. Accumulative inventory =Sum of all trees x.0 inches and larger, for example, number of trees 1.0 inch and larger, 3.0 inches and larger, 5.0 inches and larger, ete. 9. Outgrowth =Ingrowth into the next larger stand size 10. Mortality = Number of trees at the ; beginning of the year 11. Mortality rate = Number of trees that die during the year +The change in number of trees during the year — Timber cut — Mortality — Growth on — Growth on mortality timber cut —Outgrowth < Aecumulative inventory Logarithm of the stand Average annual—1 structure quotient radial growth Accumulative inventory x Mortality rate ~-Number of trees at the beginning of the year | | | | x—eeeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeOeOeoeeeee — APPENDIX 12. Growth on mortality = Potential increase rate 13. Potential increase rate = Potential increase 14. Timber cut = Unadjusted timber cut 15. = Number of trees at beginning of the year = Number of trees cut Unadjusted timber cut Mortality Number of trees at the beginning of the year < Adjustment factor < Cutting rate --Number of trees at the 16. Cutting rate during the year 17. Adjustment factor timber cut beginning of the year = Assumed total volume of =Total volume of unad- justed timber cut 18. Total volume of unadjusted=Summation of number of x Net volume per tree trees (by d.b.h. class) = Number of trees timber cut 19. Net cubic-foot volume 20. Net board-foot volume = Net cubic-foot volume 21. Ingrowth into 2-inch d.b.h.=Planted ingrowth class 22. Planted ingrowth = Acres planted 23. Survival rate = Number of trees sur- viving at 1.0 d.b.h. 24. Natural ingrowth < Net cubic-foot volume per tree x Number of board feet per cubic foot + Natural ingrowth x Number of trees planted x Survival rate per acre Number of trees planted = Computed from equation #4, using extrapolated stand-structure quotient and radial growth (See procedures under “sapling mortality’’) 25. Timber removed improvement or rehabili- tation. Input modification: In addition to the above com- putations, annual modifications were programed for each input variable. This required computing ‘‘B’”’ and “C” modifiers. The ‘‘B” modifier reduced or increased the input factors by the same amount each year, resulting in a constant annual change. The “C” modifier reduced or increased the AC factor the same amount each year resulting in a varying rate of annual change. The use of both ‘‘B” and “C” modifiers results in a second degree polynomial of the form: (1) XN=a+bN-+¢N? where XN=input value after N annual cycles a=initial value b and ¢ are regression coefficients (2) p=ac+Fae (4) ac=aci- S79) RAC in stand=Number of acres treated * Number of trees per acre removed AC2—AC1 (6) RAC 05 IND) X2—X1 X3— X2 (7) AC2=—ya— where X1, X2, X3 are three points on a curve and N1 and N2 are number of years between points. This program provided output data, by 2-inch diameter classes, for inventory and net growth, timber cut, and mortality, in terms of numbers of trees, square feet of basal area, cubic feet, and board feet International \4- inch rule. Statistics by species and ownerships were based upon proportions shown in the most recently com- pleted forest survey. Sampling Errors: Surveys were designed to provide sampling errors no greater than 3 percent per million acres of commercial forest land, 5 percent per billion cubic feet of growing stock in the East and 10 percent per billion cubic feet in the West. However, because of cooperative assistance contributed by forest industries, State forestry divisions and other public agencies, sampling errors actually achieved were often much lower than the maxi- mum allowable as shown in the following table: 230 Sampling errors: of estimates of commercial forest area and inventory volume in the United States, by TIMBER TRENDS IN region and State Commercial forest area THE UNITED STATES Inventory volume See footnotes at end of table. Percent sampling Percent sampling Region and State error error Date of Million Billion field work acres cubic Per feet Per Total million Total billion acres cu. ft. ( New England: Connecticut. .c.22-4 Sasceen2 2.0 2.22 3.1 1.5 4.9 5.6 1953 Mameenene cose es oe 722 4 1.6 17.9 1.4 5.9 1954-1958 Massachusetts______________ 3.3 beet Sil 2.0 30 bya | 1953-1954 New Hampshire____________ 4.9 1.6 3.4 4.7 3.4 7.0 1959-1960 Rhode sland: 2.0 els 4 4.2 ye 2, 8.4 8.4 1953 Vermont: 2222 eS e aooe 357 1.4 2.8 4.4 22, 4.8 1947-1948 1 Ota) seer ea a te eee 31.5 5) 2.5 30.7 ee 6.0 Middle Atlantic: i Delaware. 2. oo eee cone 4 4.9 Sal Las 6.5 4.5 1957 Maryland 2 2ol cece ones Se 2.9 iar 2.9 Bf 2.6 4.1 1950-1952 New Jéersey2225 20-2505 28 2.1 1 er 225 1.5 4.1 6.1 1955-1956 New. York-2. ec ces esecese 12.0 1.3 4.4 TAS 4 4.6 1947-1952 Pennsylvania_______________ 15.1 8 3.2 14.9 1.6 5.3 1949-1954 West Virginia__.____________ 11.4 my 2.4 11.9 1.6 5.3 1959-1961 NotalsecestGeceegsacesee 43.9 5 83.4 46.6 8 5.6 Lake States: Michigan 3.0 eso eed 19.1 3 1.4 12.5 6 2.1 1946-1957 Minnesota.2: 2 3.225222 52ce ue Ae k 5 Denil 9.8 1.0 3.1 1960-1962 North Dakota 222. osa ene Percapitas= eS aa ee ee ee 2 . i et Ps a pailroadss ta oe gee es ae ae pelea Qualitya ses -- 2 22 eee 2-3 , 91-96 , 127-128 , 133-135 cae CORSUNICHON 2 -o- sen ac ae eee ae aes Railroad construction: aaa celaiiaiaieiatetataietetatet te Pe CPOSSUIOSS 22. =o eae ee oe See eee ae fe ne ee 42-43 lumber use... <.-. oo. ef eae eee 32-33 Hpkean oad AGC ee 41-43 plywood. and veneer use___--= 222s sea 32-33 Pp PIOVeEMents se 222 ase as eee 26-27 Regeneration rates____ 84,113,119 122-123 125,128,186 INDEX 250 Residential construction: Page Sawtimber inventory projections: Page buildingiboardiuses: 22 Val pan ee 19 ,21-22 Nornthie.