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TOWN
GARDENING
‘THE HOME GARDEN’ BOOKS
IN THE TOWN GARDEN.
CORNER
A
TOWN GARDENING
BY
MARY HAMPDEN
Author of ‘Rose Gardening,’ ‘Bulb Gardening,’ etc,
NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS
1922
TO
EB. MsD:
‘Can all your tapestries, or your pictures, show
More beauties, thanin herbs and flowers do grow ?’
ABRAHAM COWLEY.
ee CONTENTS
ei: CHAP, PAGE
= INTRODUCTION . ‘ : . . aT
PART I
WORK IN MAY, JUNE, AND JULY
I - CHOOSING THE RIGHT PLANTS, SHRUBS, ETC. 19
II ARTIFICIAL BEDS AND BorDERS, BOXEs,
Lips ETC. ; ; : ; : 27
Ill PREPARING GARDEN SoIL AND COMPOSTS. 32
IV PLANTING AND POTTING . : s ; 38
Ve. OPEDS, CULTINGS, ETC... 42
VI DAILY ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE Work 49
PART II
WORK IN AUGUST, SEPTEMBER, AND OCTOBER
VII KEEPING UP THE FLOWER DISpLay . ; 59
VIII How to Group Pot Prants . f fe OS
IX PREPARING FOR AUTUMN BEAUTY . <2 290
X Winpdow GARDENS AND CONSERVATORIES. 75
XI Lirt in Town GARDENS . a ; 83
XII Dairy ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE Work . 87
AG PART III
a WORK IN NOVEMBER, DECEMBER, AND JANUARY
XIII Buts-porrtine, Etc. ; Baer 24195
_ XIV BEDDING-oUT FOR SPRING : ’ ey kOe
XV RoskEs, TREES, SHRUBS, ETC, . 108
XVI THE HARDIEST PERENNIALS AND BIENNIALS 113
XVII Fine WINTER EFFECTs . 118
_ XVIII Dairy Routine anp SRASONABLE Work 123
RN 9
Io
CHAP.
WORK IN
XIX
XX
XXI
XXIT
XXIII
XXIV
CONTENTS
PART IV
FEBRUARY, MARCH, AND APRIL
HOME-RAISED PLANTS
BuyInG TREES, CLIMBERS, ETC,
VIOLETS AND OTHER BUTTONHOLE FLOWERS
Rock GARDENING AND ALPINE PLANTS
A NUMBER OF NOVEL SUGGESTIONS
DAILY
ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE WORK
PAGE
129
134
139
142
146
I51
:
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
‘A CORNER IN THE TOWN GARDEN (colour) _. Frontispiece
‘A WELL-PLANTED BANK . . . Facing page 32
» HYDRANGEAS : : ; by 48
“NARCISSI IN THE MWe Box ; ; « pp Od
‘A TASTEFUL DISPLAY . ; . é yi See
‘LILIES AND YEW TREE : ; , gs 52 ROS
‘A BeEp oF RosEs - : ; ‘ * Nhe 1
“CLEMATIS . ; : : a les
‘AUBRETIAS ON THE Waist é : , 53 » 144
DRAWINGS IN THE TEXT
PAGE
An Artificial Bed on Asphalt 27
Simple Ground Preparation . : 33
Safe Plant Watering, by Partial iatatersinat ‘ 43
How to Plant Dahlias . 52
Windox-Box for not Hiding a Fav View 53
A Tile-fronted Window-Box . 63
A Simple Ribbon Bed for Spring . gI
A Border of Warm Colour Rea
Bed Spaced out Permanently by Mowey aasiteaie Pa
A Hint how to arrange Steps, Boulders and Rockery 126
Wooden Supports for Climbers : i) 035
A Rockeried Mound 144
Old Rose-Tree Trained to Esualier 153
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_ CHOOSING THE RIGHT PLANTS
23
The very hot, because sunny, enclosed garden, in
London or other towns, may be made gorgeous
annually with double and single zonal geraniums,
ivy-leaved and
scented-leaved geraniums
too,
zinnias, African, French, Scotch and English mari-
golds, begonias, marguerites, asters, stocks, agera-
tums, petunias, etc. etc.
flowers love heat and arid soil.
perennials for this garden would include the
following ;—
STARWoRTS (Perennial
Asters, of which Michael-
mas daisies are buta few).
Blue, violet, crimson, rose,
white, flesh, purple, helio-
wope, lavender. Tall and
medium.
YARROWS (Achilleas
ptmarmica, mongolica
and filipendula, Parker’s
variety). White. The
last a brilliant yellow.
Tail. E
Gotp Dust _ (Alyssum
saxatile). Yellow. Dwarf.
CHAMOMILE (Anthemis
_ tinctoria Kelwayi). Yel-
~ low. Medium.
Rock CRreEss_ (Arabis).
Double, single and varie-
_ gated. White. Medium.
THrirr (Armerias mari-
tima and latifolia). Rose,
white ov lilac. Dwarf.
PurPLE Rock CRESS
_ (Aubrietias). Crimson,
vose, blue, purple or lilac.
- Dwarf.
OxEYE (Bupthalum salici-
folium). Gold. Medium.
Snapdragons and wall-
The right kinds of
Rock PURSLANE
(Calandrinia umbellata).
Magenta. Dwarf.
BELL FLoweErs (Campanulas
latifolia and persiczfolia).
Blue, white. Tall.
KNAPWEED (Centaurea
montana). Purplish blue.
The rose and white varieties
usually succeed. Medium.
THE Rosy KNAPWEED
(Centaurea dealbata).
Deep rose with beautifully
cut-out foliage of silvery
effect. Medium.
VALERIAN (Centranthus
roseus,Centranthus albus).
Red vose, white. Fairly
tall.
Ox-EYE Daisy (Chrysanthe-
mum maximum). White.
Tall.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS (Early-
flowering border varieties).
All colours but blue. Tall,
medium and dwarf.
PERENNIALLARKSPURS
(Delphiniums). Deep blue,
azure, indigo, or blends
with pink and mauve. Tall.
24
FLEABANE (Erigeron
speciosus). Lavender
with gold centre. Tall.
ORANGE Datsy (Erigeron
aurantiacus). Orange.
Medium.
Avens (Geums). Scarlet,
double or single. Also
ovange oy yellow. Talland
medium.
HELEN FLOWER(Heleniums).
All sorts suitable. Gold,
orange, crimson-and-yellow.
Tall.
SUNFLOWERS (Helianthus
multiflorus). Gold. Double
or single. Tall.
Day Livres (Hemerocallis).
Yellow, orange, lemon.
Tall.
HOLLYHOCKS (Althzeas).
Double and single.
Biennials,- but seldom fail
to vepeat themselves by
seeding. Tall.
RED-HOT PoKERS (Knip-
hofias or ‘Tritomas).
Ovange-red. Often in
bloom as late as November.
Tall.
ToaD FLax (Linaria
dalmatica). Lemon -and-
orange. Tall.
Cat Mint (Nepeta Mussini).
Pale lavender. Constant
bloomey. Medium.
EVENING PRIMROSES-~::
(GEnotheras Lamarckiana
and Youngii). Yellow.
Tall. Biennials of this
family sow themselves
annually.
TOWN GARDENING
PONIES. All sorts are suit-
able.
ORIENTAL Poppy (Papaver
orientale). Scarlet or
crimson. A gorgeous
flower that should be more
often seen in towns.
Tall,
ICELAND Poppies (Papaver
nudicaule). Orange, lemon,
white. Medium.
JERUSALEM
(Phlomis
Yellow. Tall.
ALPINE PHLOXES (Dian-
thuses subulata and stel-
SAGE
fruticosa).
laria). Rose, white, lilac.
Dwarf.
CINQUEFOILS (Potentillas).
Strawberry leaved. Blends
of ovange, lemon, scarlet,
crimson, in double
florists’ varieties. Medium.
POLYANTHUSES (Primula
elatior). All colours. Some
spreading light annual,
such as sweet alyssum,
should be sown close around
polyanthus voots in April
to protect them from sum-
mer heat. Dwarf.
BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus
acris flore pleno). Gold.
Double. Tall.
ConE FLowers (Rudbec-
kias). Ovange or yellow,
with brown. Tall.
Mossy SAXIFRAGE (Saxi-
fraga hypnoides). White.
Dwarf.
STONECROPS (Sedums). Gold,
white or purple. Dwarf.
¢, ‘ yw
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CHOOSING THE RIGHT PLANTS /~— 25
JAPANESE STONECROP virginica). Royal blue,
(Sedum spectabile). Rosy violet, white. Medium.
pink, Medium. SPEEDWELLS (Veronicas
RAGWORT (Senecios austriaca, incana, longi-
Clivorum and _ pulcher). folia Spicata). Blues.
Gold. Rosy carmine. Medium ov dwarf.
Tall. BEDDING PaNsIzEs (Violas).
SPIDERSWORT (Tradescantia
Most bulbous plants will succeed if the soil is
enriched by old manure; a special display each
summer may be made with gladioli, Turban ranun-
culuses, Spanish irises, and lilies. Montbretias can
be succeeded by the blood-red Kaffir flag, Schi-
zostylis coccinea, in October and even November,
whose bulbs should be left in the ground, but
covered by cinders during winter.
Carnations and pinks of all sorts should be a
feature of the very sunny town garden. A few Tea
and Hybrid Tea roses should be tried.
The choice of plants for glasshouses must depend
upon whether there is sunshine or shade; in the
latter case ferns and foliage plants should be the
permanent inhabitants, with some calceolarias,
fuchsias, tobacco plants and primulas in summer.
A sun-scorched greenhouse will suit cacti, begonias,
clivias, amaryllis, pelargoniums, cannas, heliotrope,
crassulas and camellias, but only if there is some
heating given during winter to keep out all frost.
If a very hot house is left to become cold in winter
it should be used for annuals only that can be
raised in it early, or bought, and for chrysanthemums
for early winter adornment, these being stood outside
during summer,
A greenhouse that is neither very hot nor very
cold naturally, one in the open garden, for instance,
is exceedingly interesting if used for the more
26 TOWN GARDENING
delicate outdoor plants, of which many are called
alpines ; such as Salvias japonica, azurea grandi-
flora, and Greigii, cistuses, androsaces, many
sedums, saxifrages, and houseleeks, lithospermums,
francoas, etc.
The easiest greenhouse to manage is the one that
can be kept to a heat varying between 50 and 60
degrees, by the sunshine and summer temperature,
and, when those fail, by a small stove. Geraniums,
fuchsias, carnations, primulas, cinerarias, genistas,
Spireeas, deutzias, hydrangeas, azaleas, liliums,
plumbago, even a few roses, can then be cultivated,
with palms, maidenhair and asparagus ferns.
But no garden or glasshouse owner need despair,
even in a town. The great thing is to choose
intelligently what to grow, then learn a few plain
rules of culture and apply them with unremitting
care.
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CHAPTER II
ARTIFICIAL BEDS AND BORDERS,
BOXES, TUBS, BARRELS, ETC.
The Art of ‘Crocking.’ Obtaining Compost. Paint Colours.
Rockeries, Basket Beds. Arches and Pillars.
GREAT deal of floral display can be created
by the use of ornamental boxes, urns, tubs or
hanging baskets alone. Artificial beds and borders
are of course more effective still, because they hold
more plants.
AN ARTIFICIAL BED ON ASPHALT.
An artificial bed can be made anywhere, and on
? | stone, brick, asphalt, or the leads of a roof, as
simply as upon bad turf that is to be hidden or
- superfluous gravel. There must be first a layer of
large stones with corner edges touching, that rain-
water may be able to flow away : if stones are laid
27
- ; \ |
28 TOWN GARDENING
with their sides touching they do not leave enough
room for the water to flow through. Over these
stones gardeners usually place torn-up old turves, —
top downwards, for these act like the charcoal in a
filter. Next comes coarse earth, containing smaller
bits of old turves and some little stones, and then
the bed is made up of fine compost, but not dust-fine.
In order to hold the earth up, in the form of a round,
square or oblong bed, there must be a low bank of.
properly laid fresh turves, or a row of big slanted
stones or strips of wood, solid or trellised ;_ or bricks
may be employed.
A border is made similarly, only one side will
be against a wall, and it should slope gently down
from the wall, that wet may not lie at the back.
Any kind of box will make an ornamental
receptacle for plants. Roses, tall perennials and
shrubs need a three-foot or a two-foot depth of
soil to growin. Ramblers and other climbing roses,
for instance, can be kept healthy in the very deep
box or barrel for years ; a standard, or a vigorous
Hybrid Perpetual or Hybrid Tea bush rose could
not do long without a two-foot depth; a small
delicate Tea rose, or a dwarf polyantha, would be
satisfied with a foot and a half or a foot. Roses
often flourish in pots that have not as much depth,
but then they can be repotted whenever the grower
thinks best, and trees in boxes or artificial beds and
borders are not usually disturbed.
Grocers sell big wooden boxes. To make one of
these ready for plants there have to be holes, the size
of a halfpenny, burnt out of the bottom by a
red-hot poker, at four-inch intervals. In small
boxes the holes for drainage should be smaller.
Sometimes the wood is slit down here and there,
. , 2
Mate te dB.
ARTIFICIAL BEDS AND BORDERS — 29
but the hole system is safer. If the hot poker is
used to char all the wood of the bottom and the
lower parts of the sides, it will not be so likely to
rot.
‘Crocking,’ as it is called, is one of the first
tasks a young gardener has to learn, and it is quite
an art, for if the pieces of broken potsherds are laid
clumsily over the drainage holes the water will be
checked, while if the holes are not partly covered
the soil will be washed through, and that will
choke them. A concave piece of potsherd is usually
laid, scooped-out side downwards, over each hole
in a box or tub, and over the one hole in a flower-pot.
Then two or three more bits, half the size of the one,
are slanted against it; above these the skilled
crocker casts a quarter or half a handful of smaller
pieces, letting them fall lightly, and then the coarse
bits of compost go in, followed by the next-coarse
earth or potting mould, and finally the surface
soil.
The mould should always be used just damp
enough to crumble between the fingers, not stick
to them. Florists and nurserymen sell potting soil,
or potting loam as it is often called, for about
half a crown a bushel for the best. The amateur
gardener had better tell the shopman exactly what
he wants potting soil for; then the right sort will
be supplied. Some has manure mixed in, some can
contain peat, when peat is desirable, and the
quantity of other ingredients, leaf mould, fine or
coarse silver sand, or road grit, also vary.
When old oil barrels are used for plants they have
to be purified. This is done by turning one upside
down over a lighted newspaper or wisp of straw,
the flames from which will lick up all the oiliness
30 TOWN GARDENING
and just char the inside wood. MHalved barrels
make nice-looking tubs.
It is always wise to stand receptacles on bits of
brick or blocks of wood—three or more to each—so
as to raise them above the ground. Pots may be
stood on a slate each, to keep worms from getting
in through the drainage hole; but large pots do
better poised between two wooden laths laid on the
ground. Window-boxes should be very slightly
slanted by bits of wood placed underneath.
It is seldom that one sees a really artistic green
paint used for colouring tubs and boxes. A crude_
bluish-myrtle always clashes with the leaf shades ;
it is just leaves that the artist-carpenter should
study as a colour chart ; if he matches the greens of
ivies, plane trees, or aspidistras, for example, he
cannot err. Brown is a suitable colour for painting
plant receptacles, only too many all brown alike
give a spotty effect to a scene. Stone grey can be
used with advantage in the vicinity of bright red
bricks and tiles, though by a grey, dun, or cream
town house it has a depressingly cold appearance.
White enamelled tubs are pretty, and well suited to
some trim modern house-fronts.
A basket-bed, such as our ancestors frequently
made, is merely an artificial bed, oval for preference,
made very deep, with the sides held up by slanted
stakes or staves, or wooden trellis, or wire netting.
And the finishing touch is a simulated handle,
arched from side to side, of wire or wood, or stout
wires tightly wound round by straw.
Real baskets, hamper shape, make charming
plant receptacles, and are durable if coated with
varnish-paint. They are excellent ornaments. for
balconies, or verandahs by the steps, and small
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ARTIFICIAL BEDS AND BORDERS § 31
handled baskets may be slung up. Wire baskets
are also useful. They should be lined with old
inverted turves.
To make a rockery mound anywhere is as easy as
making a raised bed; the same procedure should
be followed, but after the soil is piled high the stones
_ —which ought to include some large craggy pieces—
have to be arranged on it, partly embedded, so as
to form convenient pockets and nooks, varied by
jutting-out slabs. There is no reason why the ends
of a balcony should not have pretty rockeries.
The arches and pillars set up to accommodate
climbers should correspond with the style of the
house. A huge mansion must not be approached
under a series of narrow, low arches. A mere slice
of a terrace house looks overpowered if a heavy
rustic wood arch spans the entrance way.
Wooden arches and pillars should be painted with
tar as far up as they are to go into the ground, as
this will preserve them.
Pillars in a row from gate to porch, on one side
of the path or on both, allow many pretty climbers
to be cultivated.
An important enough square-topped arch makes
the foundation for a ‘living porch.’ A low trellis
fencing is often put up to keep dogs from trespassing :
it will be much more effectual if a few upright sticks
are nailed to it here and there, and a strip of rot-
proof netting stretched above it, not too taut.
Old fish netting, put up at the top of wall or fence,
is one of the best expedients for keeping away cats.
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GHAPTER Ii
PREPARING GARDEN SOIL AND
COMPOSTS
About Lime, Sand, Soot, Leaf-mould, Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, etc.
How to detect Poverty of Soil. The necessary Tools. About
patent Fumigants, Insecticides, Fertilizers, etc.
T is futile to plant in undug garden ground. No
matter what the soil is supposed to be like, it
must be forked over at least. The depth to which this
has to be done depends partly on what is to be grown,
yet a two-foot depth may be regarded as necessary
for all but quite dwarf subjects, or the more usual
bedding-out ‘ stuff,’ geraniums, asters, calceolarias,
lobelia, etc., which will put up with only nine or
ten inches of ‘ worked’ soil beneath them. Trees
and larger kinds of evergreen or flowering shrubs
want a three-foot depth of cultivated soil for their
roots to penetrate. If these roots, after living in
prepared soil for a time, strike down upon ground
that is rock-hard or full of clinkers, bricks, etc.,
they are either turned aside in search of better luck,
in which case the trees do no good for a year or two,
or they dry up themselves, and the trees ‘un-
expectedly ’ die.
The amateur had better use a strong five-pronged
32
NVd GYLNVId"TTHM V
AQwyy pede C4
PREPARING GARDEN SOIL 33
fork to dig with, employing a spade to shovel out
soil when that is necessary. A four-inch-deep layer
of old manure put in two feet below the ground
‘surface, and another layer put in one foot below the
ground surface, prepare flower-garden soil satis-
factorily
'_ SURFACE OF BORDER OR BED
AUG SOU IER TEL Cie re OL oe eee ee ee
41N MANure LAyeR
SECOND ift OF SoiL
SECONDMANureE Layeq
LOWER SOIL To ForK WetL
AND PULVERISE ool essence
SIMPLE GROUND PREPARATION.
When only bedding plants and ordinary medium
tall perennials are to be cultivated, it is often
sufficient to put one layer of manure at the depth of
a foot, forking for a few inches below where this is
to lie, then incorporating a little of the old manure,
broken small, with a few handfuls of builder’s lime
(not unslaked lime), with all the rest of the ground
above.
Lime can be bought from florists, nurserymen
and builders. Unslaked lime is used to lay over
' insect-infested soil for a few weeks before forking it
in, but the sites so treated should not be planted
for several months.
Slaked, or builder’s lime—lime, that is to say,
that has lost its chief burning effect through being
stored—can be forked in, about a pint to a three-foot
by three-foot space, at any time, and planting may
- follow in a few days.
Lime of all kinds will damage leaves and stems
if carelessly cast upon them.
Lime is precious, to the town gardener especially,
Cc
34 TOWN GARDENING
because itis‘a soil purifier, as well as a deterrent to,
and, if often used, a destroyer of snails, slugs,
wireworm, etc. Its other use is to release the
chemical properties of manures, so rendering them
fit for plants to feed upon.
Fresh manure, from stables, cowsheds, or roads,
is only fit for nourishing ground that will not be
planted for three months or so; it is too crude to
dig in just before planting. Of course, one can
put it in a foot deep, and sow seeds on the surface
soil, because then it will be partly decayed before
the roots reach down.
Old manure, obtainable from nurseries, is dark,
more or less fibrous and light, or capable of
becoming light when dry. The disintegration of its
constituents has brought it to a merely warming,
instead of a heating, state. Extremely sandy,
chalky, gravelly gardens are improved by old
cow manure or mixed farmyard manure; but old
stable manure, from which all the long straw has
been removed, is best for gardens of heavy or damp
soil, and, indeed, for the great majority of town
gardens.
If the ground cakes hard very soon after rains
it needs some sharp sand or grit to render it more
porous. Crushed brick-rubble, with an equal part of
coarse sand, either silver sand or roadside sand,
is often used to make up soil for the top portions
of beds and borders.
When the gardener wishes to mix composts for
himself for pot and box filling, he should obtain
for his potting attic or shed, good loam, leaf-mould,
very old fairly dry manure, coarse silver sand,
fine silver sand, crushed brick-rubble or mortar,
and roadside or river-bed sand; also some florist’s
PREPARING GARDEN SOIL 35
charcoal, some old turves and old cocoa-nut fibre
refuse. Old soot is a more useful ingredient for
soils in the country than in towns, where lime
should generally take its place, also for laying round
plants to keep slugs away. The natural earth will,
of course, have been sooted for years by countless
chimneys, and even town-bought potting composts,
or plain loam or leaf-mould, are usually very sooty.
Peat is only necessary for a few subjects.
The “ordinary compost,’’ as it is called, for
growing pot plants in, consists of two parts of loam,
one part of leaf-mould, and half a part of sand.
Another admirable compost is made of one part
loam, half parts each of old chopped manure, and
leaf-mould and sand. To the first of these an eighth
part of crushed brick-rubble can be added, on
occasion, or slaked lime be added instead, in the
proportion of a tablespoonful to a quart.
Fine silver sand is needed in the sifted compost
when seed boxes are filled and seedlings potted.
Gardeners can collect their own leaf-mould, but
it must rot for about a year, or longer, in a place
where the weather can act upon it but insects
cannot make the stack their home. Oak and
- beech leaves are best; most leaves can be used,
except those of evergreens.
Old cocoa-nut fibre refuse is very useful for
mixing with the pieces of old turves that go in first
over crocks, or can be used with an equal quantity
of coarse loam, instead of those pieces of turf.
Fresh cocoa-nut fibre refuse makes a nice mulch
over beds, borders and the tops of boxes, urns, etc.,
_ greatly improving their appearance, and helping
to conserve moisture in the soil, and to protect
roots from sun-heat or drying winds.
36 ~ TOWN GARDENING
There are various kinds of chemically-treated hop
manures that are excellent for using when natural
manures are not obtainable, or when the hop’s
non-odorous cleanliness is preferred,
Alas, there are town gardens so terribly poor as ©
to surface soil—say for the first foot of surface—
that this ought to be all taken away and a fresh
layer of loam put on! Or this poor upper soil can
be buried two or more feet deep, and the soil that
has lain below be brought up to form the new
surface. If the manure layers are added, as already
advised, this treatment will be very efficacious.
When all the things that are alive in the garden
are of a sickly colour as to foliage, and throw puny |
blossoms, or none at all, it is certain that they are |
dying very slowly of starvation in exhausted
eround.
Famous results can be achieved with but a few
tools. The fork and spade should be kept company
by a fine rake, not too heavy or long in the rake
itself, a Dutch hoe with a five- or six-inch blade, a
sharp steel trowel, a small handfork, a pair of
sécateurs for pruning, a sharp budding or pruning
knife, and a two-inch blade steel spud. This last
tool does a hundred small jobs, while the Dutch
hoe could do but ten! It will enable the gardener
to prick over beds and borders often, thus keeping
weeds down, soil pulverized, and insects very much
disheartened. It will cut the daisies, dandelions, ete.,
out of the turf, or trim grass edges at a pinch. It
is serviceable for chopping lifted perennial roots
into pieces for replanting, for giving slugs a quick
and merciful death, for drawing little drills for —
seeds, even for drawing the soil back when seeds are
sown.
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~ soil Vemiguats, and are sold with instructions for
their use. There are dozens of useful liquid insecti-
cides: for washes, syringings, etc.; also weedicides
— and weed-killers, mildew-washes, insect-powders,
3
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ei fe
- fertilizers, etc. etc., to which the zealous gardener
oS
an turn for aid. The chapters given in this book _
about Daily Routine work contain hints for fighting —
most foes; alsosuggest how chemical manures may
be applied.
ie PSs ;
CHAPTER IV
PLANTING AND POTTING
Plants by Rail or Post. About Cheap Plants and Seeds. To
keep Potted Plants from Flagging. Shading and Shielding
Plants. Sticking and Tying Plants. A Beautiful Geranium
Display. Another Attractive Filling for an Urn.
HE month of May is usually the time when
the town dweller most wants to garden. He
is right, if he must buy plants, but March is the
month for starting seed sowings if plants are not to
be bought, and it should never be forgotten that the
planting season for roses, and most trees and shrubs,
is from October to April.
May having arrived, an order is probably sent by
post to some advertising florist, with the result
that it has to ‘get into the queue’ with orders
that have been arriving for months past. So the
goods are not delivered till the weather is too hot
for planting to be safe. The garden-owner who has
been delayed had far better go to a florist’s shop
or a nurseryman’s grounds and select what he
requires. Delightful day or half-day trips can be
made to famous nurseries within twenty miles of
London ; and most big provincial towns have noted
growers in their neighbourhood.
When trees, roses or shrubs are received by rail
38
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PLANTING AND POTTING 39
or post, their roots should be examined, for if these
are dry they should be ‘puddled’ (or dipped in
manured mud) before being planted. Or, if plant-
ing has to be delayed a few weeks, let a trough
about a foot deep be dug in the garden, water
poured in, the trees laid in slanted, the soil raked
over and made only slightly firm. The green por-
tions of the travellers should be frequently syringed,
and a semi-shady position is best for the trench.
If there is no garden, some soil in boxes can take
the placeofatrench. The true gardener is nothing
if not ingenious.
To order the cheapest goods is to court failure.
If one selects poor plants one does at least sin with
one’s eyes open, but cheap plants or trees sent for
are sure to look astoundingly cheap when they
arrive. As for cheap seeds, there is just this to
be said—there may be a few good ones among
the rubbish. Cheap bulbs are bound to be either
aged bulbs, bulbs dried up through keeping, or
bulbs too juvenile to bloom. A few fine specimens
in an otherwise rather bare garden are more satis-
factory than a garden crammed with miserable
plants. Needless to say, the very best quality in
plants, etc., should be used for boxes, pots, urns and
wherever the space is extremely precious.
We have already noted how pots, etc., are crocked
and filled with compost for the reception of plants.
Now a word about actual planting. It should be
the worker’s aim to make things so firm that they
will remain upright when buffeted by wind and
rain, yet not so squeezed into the soil that the roots
are stifled and cannot penetrate further. A geranium
will bear ramming in firmly; a carnation never
thrives so treated. The surface half-inch should
~~
40 TOWN GARDENING
generally be quite loose, above the firmer soil. Be 4
There is an art in giving the pot a rap or two on the
potting bench, bottom downwards, to settle the
soil and make the surface lie evenly. To leave a
saucer-like hollow round the stem is wrong, except
for a few plants that must never dry up, such as
oleanders. To pile a hillock against the stem is
wrong, for that means that water will always run
off and descend only by the rim of the pot or box.
Roots should be very tenderly tucked round by
fine sandy soil, after they have been spread out as
evenly as possible. Ifa rose-tree or plant has its
roots all on one side, however, they must not be
spread in all directions, but a stick will have to be
placed to support the stem opposite to the roots,
behind the stem. Stakes and sticks, with ties,
should be given while potting is done to. all plants
that are to have them and are large enough.
Plants frequently flag, may even lose most of
their leaves, after being potted ; the ideal treatment
of newly-potted or repotted plants is placing them
in air-tight frames for twenty-four hours. Deep
boxes, glass covered, will serve for frames, or oiled
linen will serve for glass. Sprinkle the foliage well,
water the soil through the fine rose of a can, then
leave them alone for a day and a night, after which
give a little air, more by degrees.
In hot May, June, or July, weather plants require
shading from sun-heat for twenty-four to thirty-six
hours after potting. If they are near a window, or
the conservatory glass, a piece of thick muslin
should be tacked up between, or else laid right over
them. Sheets of newspaper, or the cheap crinkled
paper in cream or pale green, are useful to slip in
for screens behind plants in a greenhouse. During —
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PLANTING AND POTTING 41
spells of cold winds a little screening should shelter
repotted plants.
Tender handling is always essential: a geranium
even, or ordinary hardy fuchsia, will shed leaves
that are bruised, cracked or muddied.
Sticks ought not to be too prominent nor too
thick, and painting them the same green that is
shown by the leaves of the plant is a most artistic
device. Green wool is a fine material for tying, as it
does not cut stems; green ‘raffia’ is stronger for
large plants.
One quick way to adorn a house front is to prepare
window boxes, and two large boxes, tubs, split
barrels (or ornamental stone or rustic vases) to
stand by the door steps, then order mixed dark red,
scarlet, salmon and white geraniums to fill them.
The plants may be rather crowded in, as this induces
them to bloom instead of making lavish foliage.
small plants of only about half a dozen leaves can
stand six inches apart, bigger ones at nine-inch
distances. The show of the mixed varieties will be
more interesting than one of all red. Another idea
would be to order carmine, deep rose, pale pink,
blush and white flowering geraniums.
A charming scheme for an urn or tub is to plant
all the soil with tufts of blue lobelia, three inches
apart, and sink a pot rose in the middle. A dwarf
polyantha rose will be best, either pink or white.
Mrs, Cutbush and Ma Paquerette, Mignonette and
Anne Marie de Montravel are capital varieties.
CHAPTER V
SEEDS, CUTTINGS, ETC.
How to Sow and Cover. Outdoor Seed Beds. Sweet Peas.
Hardy Annuals. Dahlias and Chrysanthemums. Tuberous
Begonias. Small Greenhouse Plants from Seed. Clematis —
Jackmanii. Other Climbers to Plant.
EEDS are sown in boxes, pans or pots. There
are reasons for choosing one sort of receptacle
for some kinds of flower seeds, another kind for
others. It is a question of good judgment. Begonia
seed, which is very fine, will illustrate this: if sown
over the surface soil (it is not covered in, or, if at
all, only by a little fine silver sand) there is a great
depth of soil below, whereas in a seed-pan or shallow
box there is only a two, or three,inch depth. The
greater the quantity of compost the more difficult
it is to keep it just moist enough and never too
moist. If the compost in the pot became water-
logged it would turn sour, or else mildewy, and the
begonia seedlings, either the sprouts just starting
or the visible green seedlings, would rot off. Yet
no seed will germinate without sufficient moisture,
so it is prudent to cover all pans, boxes, or pots of
sown seed with a sheet, or many little overlapping
pieces, of glass. These should be turned daily and
wiped, and no water should be administered until
the surface soil looks really dry.
42
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SEEDS, CUTTINGS, ETC. 43
Then strong sunshine on the glass would probably
scorch up the seedlings, so gardeners lay some white
paper or a little dry moss upon the glass. The danger
with moss is that it may not be absolutely insect-
free. However, baking it in a hot oven for a few
minutes will make it harmless.
There is no hard and fast rule as to the depth to
which seeds are to be covered in with sifted compost,
but the general idea is that it may be to the same
depth as their own greatest size. Take a little
wallflower seed in the fingers, note that it is longer
than it is broad; sow it, and then lightly scatter
as much fine compost as would be necessary to
quite cover it stood on end.
Time that is spent in sowing, one by one, seeds
that are not too minute to be picked up, is never
time wasted. Overcrowded seed means not only
that much seed is wasted, because the seedlings are
crushed to death, but, even after a lot of thinning
out has been done, the remaining seedlings will be
much weaker than if they had grown in sufficient
space from the first.
The soil seeds are sown in should be perfectly
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SAFE PLANT WATERING, BY PARTIAL IMMERSION,
44 TOWN GARDENING
level, so that water will not lie in tiny pools, firm
- without being hard, and sufficiently moist for the
seeds to adhere but not float.
It is always best to water seed receptacles from
the bottom, not the top. This is done by
the pot, box or pan up to the very rim in tepi
water for a minute or two. When the moisture is
seen to be appearing at the surface, making the
compost dark, the watering has been successfully
performed. Needless to say, seed receptacles must
all be properly drained, but it is enough to use
inverted crocks over holes or cracks, then fill up
with ordinary compost, giving a surface half-inch,
or inch, of very fine sifted compost. In the case of
using pots, however, for any delicate subjects, there —
ought to be small stones or broken-up crocks for
an inch above the inverted crocks, or else some
coarse lumpy compost.
The more delicate the nature of the plant that is
to be raised, the more desirable is silver sand in the
compost. Equal portions of loam, leaf-mould and
silver sand is a good seed compost. Manure is not
needed, and would be harmful in some instances.
The compost for striking cuttings in may be the
same. Before inserting a cutting, however, scatter
enough silver sand on to hide the soil, then make
the hole with a pencil, penholder, or round stick of |
suitable size; this will thrust sand down with it.
Insert the cutting, press the soil tightly round it
with the finger-tips, add more compost so that the
levelis maintained ; sprinkle the foliage, then enclose
the pot, pan, or box ina frame, or glass-covered box
or cover it by a bell-glass. Cuttings should have
their lowest leaves cleanly removed.
Cuttings of fuchsias and geraniums will root quite
SEEDS, CUTTINGS, ETC. 45
easily in May, June and July under glass, shaded
from sun-heat.
Seeds of begonia semperflorens varieties, primula
obconica, primula malacoides, the Fairy primrose, or
the little trailing fuchsia procumbens, sown in glass-
covered pans inside a sunny window-will produce
plants for early winter bloom in a warmed green-
house.
Seed sowing in town gardens is usually work
thrown away, so if there is no greenhouse a small
frame is almost a necessity. The next best plan is
to choose the best possible site, quite in the open
(or in front of a south, south-west or south-east
facing wall, fence or hedge, some two or three feet
from it), and make a raised bed to sow seeds in.
It should- be treated with a soil fumigant, or else
deluged several times with a weak solution of
carbolic liquid, be many times forked over during
the following week, and will then be ready for use.
A seed-bed must be quite surrounded by strip
paths of sharp cinders, not soft ashes, as then slugs
and snails will not cross to it.
A seed-bed may be made in a deep box if there is
no garden.
Sometimes a town garden is fairly healthy and
not infested by insects. If runner-beans are known
to flourish in it there is no reason why sweet-peas
should not, if safeguarded from birds by having
several lines of black cotton stretched to little
upright sticks about four inches above where the
seedlings will appear. Sow at three or four-inch
distances, after soaking the seed for at least twelve
hours. Carbolic powder, sparingly cast along the
rows, will be a sensible precaution.
In this fairly good garden seeds of many hardy
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46 TOWN GARDENING
annuals, not the largest-growing, may be sown,
although May and June are very late months.
Candytufts, Virginian stock, gilia tricolor, scarlet
flax, small varieties of mignonette, sweet alyssum,
night-scented stock, the rose of heaven (Agrostemma
ceeli-rosea), orange erysimum Peroffskianum and
Viscaria cardinalis are suitable.
Double and single tuberous begonias are easy to
cultivate if bought as bulbs of flowering size. They
have to be laid on damp sand, inside a warm
window, or in a frame or greenhouse, until they
sprout. Actual sun-heat should be kept off them.
As soon as the sprouts are a quarter of an inch long
the tubers can be put one into each three-inch wide
pot of sandy compost. When the pots are root-
filled and the weather genial the begonias can be
planted in beds, window-boxes, etc., or be given
pots of five-inch diameter.
Musk may be sown in pots now, stood inside
windows; the seedlings must be thinned out to one
inch apart.
The town gardener can hope to succeed also with
oxalis rosea, one of our prettiest pot plants, having
shamrock-like leaves and gay rose blossom. It is
similar to musk in its requirements, for it may be
cut down, when it has flowered itself out, and if
given a top-dressing of manure-and-loam compost
and kept watered, will soon bloom again. Also it
may, like musk, be occasionally divided, and portions
of its clump put an inch or two apart into other
pots, window-boxes, tubs, etc. Both plants, and
dwarf lobelias, are pretty in hanging baskets.
During May ciematises from pots may be planted.
It is necessary to dig a deep wide place, fork the
bottom, lay in old manure, and partly fill in with
-. 'yvinet =
SEEDS, CUTTINGS, ETC. 47
good soil first. A clematis put in above that will
be almost sure to thrive. A little old chopped
manure may be mixed with all the upper soil.
Clematis Jackmanii will clothe a town house front
gloriously, perhaps help to form a porch, or run up
to be trained horizontally along a balcony’s railing.
There is a deep purple variety, in addition to the
familiar violet-purple, also a white (alba) and a
crimson (rubra). They are best suited by a west
aspect, in my experience, but south-west is excellent,
and north-west often succeeds. Full exposure on a
south wall is generally too scorching.
In late May and June young plants of dahlias,
and early-flowering chrysanthemums, should be
bought and added to the garden borders, in sunshine’
or else potted up, or potted-on rather, as they are
sure to be in pots already. They can be stood out.
Carbolic powder should be scattered all round them.
A beautiful climber to obtain, in a pot, ready for
turning out against wall, fence or trellis, is the
Climbing Knotweed (Polygonum Baldschuanicum), a
perennial that dies down each winter and puts forth
vigorous growth of reddish stems and red-shaded
leaves each spring. The florescence is whitish, in
panicles, having a mist-like effect in June and July,
but the next stage is one of myriads of creamy
seed-vessels that are as decorative as flowers. A
south or south-west aspect is desirable.
Then by buying three or four plants of the
purple bellflower (Cobea scandens) and putting
them in rich soil in front of Virginian creepers, the
town dweller can gain an uncommon and lovely
flower show all summer and autumn, provided there
is no stint with water. Cobeas will climb in a
greenhouse even faster than out of doors, and may be
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cultivated on sunny balconies or in glass por
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CHAPIER VI
DAILY ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE
WORK
GENERAL TASKS FOR MAY, JUNE AND
ULY
ATHS and lawns require rolling after rainy
weather, and should be frequently swept with
a birch broom, as this removes ant-hills and worm-
casts.
Lawn sand can be applied to portions of lawns to
destroy weeds, as it works most efficaciously in hot
weather. Still a great deal may be done by up-
rooting dandelions, etc., and transplanting grass ~
“weeds ’ from borders or paths into the holes, after
clipping the blades short.
A slight sprinkling of any good fertilizer will do
old lawns good, after rain has washed it in. Lawns
that are used for games, or much trodden, need
watering in seasons of drought if in the open.
Tree-shdaded lawns are usually damp enough in
summer and too damp at other times.
Lawns should be cut twice a week, if possible,
but it is usually sufficient to clip the edges once a
week, and use the sharp crescent-bladed turf-
edge-cutter once a month.
49 D
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50 TOWN GARDENING
If a lawn is badly worm-infested a solution should
be made of one pound of slaked lime in four
gallons of water, and left to stand three days. Then
the clear liquid must be poured off, free from the
sediment, and applied to the turf through a fine-rosed
watering-can. If this is done some damp early —
morning, after a thorough rolling the previous
evening, the worms will come up to the surface and
may be swept off in quantity.
Rose-trees becoming infested with green-fly
should be syringed after sundown with a solution
of four ounces of soft-soap and one dessertspoonful
of paraffin in two gallons of water. Next morning,
early, they should be syringed with plain water.
These operations, repeated three times, with a day’s
interval between, will cure the pest in almost all
eases.
Box edgings can be clipped into shape; also all
clipped evergreens.
The greenhouse plants should be watered with
discrimination every evening, and syringed two or
three times a week at least.
Plants must be shaded from fierce sunshine
through glass roofs, either by whitening the latter,
or nailing muslin or tiffany across it,if there is no
natural canopy of climbers. Leaves of all pot
plants under cover, except ‘ woolly’ leaves, such
as those of begonias, geraniums and _ primulas,
should be sponged once a week if large enough.
Spraying is always safe.
Any of the fairly robust pot plants, such as
geraniums, pelargoniums, heliotrope and hydrangeas,
that are infested by insects can be dipped quickly
in a solution of four ounces of soft-soap in six gallons
of water. This must be done in the evening, as
ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE WORK 51
sunshine must not fall on them till they are dry.
They must be dipped in plain water the following
evening.
A glasshouse that is badly infested can best be
made clean and healthy by fumigating it every
other evening for six days. There are little vapour
cones sold by florists, that only need to be set
alight and left to smoulder out, after all doors and
windows have been closed. They should be stood
on the stone or brick flooring and used scrupulously
according to the special instructions supplied.
Keep dead flowers picked off sweet-peas before
seeds can form.
If carnations in the border die off mysteriously
sink some partly hollowed-out halves of potatoes,
smeared with fat, just below the soil, after sticking
a small stick through each to show its whereabouts
and enable the trap to be quickly lifted for examina-
tion and reburied.
Lay lettuce and cabbage leaves, fat-smeared,
downwards on borders to trap slugs.
Place damp hay in’ some small pots that have
been smeared with grease, and invert them on
stakes among the dahlias, hollyhocks, roses, etc.
Water indoor ferns, aspidistras, aralias, etc.,
more as the weather becomes warmer.
SPECIAL WORK FOR MAY
Plant out young dahlias, or divided sprouting old
tubers, late in the month, in very well manured
soul, in sunshine, or in rich compost, three plants to
a split barrel, or one plant to a ten-inch pot. Examine
the tubers carefully before dividing them, to be
sure that each piece severed has an ‘ eye.’ However
sg TOWN GARDENING
great. the pains taken, no divided portion not. Be:
possessed of an ‘eye’ can sprout, and the ‘eyes’
are situated round the collar of the tubers. Se
Propagate pinks, of the garden hardy sort, b
pulling off little shoots with rootlets already forming ‘
from the base and old stems, and plant them in>
oe
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, rehsy et
lines in semi-shade or at intervals of an inch round
the edges of pans or large pots, in cold greenhouses, —
frames, or stood out of doors. Use sandy compara
and keep their foliage sprinkled.
Fill window-boxes, urns, tubs, baskets, etc., te
tata ro ; Quy -' cobs. Met t Bt heater wee herd taal Aint
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ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE WORK 53
adorning real city houses and gardens, with dwarf
miniature-leaved varieties of ivies, Creeping Jenny,
London pride, Rose of Sharon, scented-leaved
geraniums (which can be often dipped in water),
hartstongue ferns, lobelia erinus, musk, and small
specimens of berberises, cotoneasters, euonymuses,
boxes, Japanese honeysuckle, arbor vite, veronica
glauca-ceerulea, hypericum patulum, symphoricarpus
radicans (the snowberry tree).
Add to actual or artificial borders or beds, at the
end of May, calceolarias, geraniums, carnations
(from pots), dwarf French marigolds, lobelia erinus,
Winpow-Box ror not HIDING A FAIR ViEw.
A Pink ivy-leaved geranium, C Carmine ivy-leaved geranium.
B Fuchsia procumbens, D Pink begonia semperflorens,
snapdragons, sweet-williams, willow-leaved beet
and ordinary crimson . beet, early-flowering chry-
santhemums, kochia tricophylla (the summer
cypress that takes on autumn tints), the common
house leek (Sempervivum tectorum), yellow stone-
crop (Sedum acre), orange stonecrop (Sedum
kamschaticum variegatum), Japanese stonecrop
(Sedum spectabile), often two feet tall with heads
of. rosy flower in late autumn, miniature sweet
alyssums, Pigmy dwarf nasturtiums, and variegated
arabis and periwinkle for the sake of their leaves.
Charming combinations of the above can be
54 TOWN GARDENING
made, and the subjects advised for window-boxes,
etc., can be used in beds, and those recommended for
beds may be tried in boxes, urns, barrels, etc.
Many, too, will be useful for pot culture.
Musk, dwarf lobelias and miniature’ sweet
alyssum will spring up from seed in pots in hot
windows even of the Strand, and Cupid sweet-peas
have been known to grow from seed (three seeds ina
seven-inch pot—seven-inch diameter, of course) in
Bethnal Green !
In suburban places there is no danger in using
all the usual bedding plants. A consideration of
what grows in town parks will teach town dwellers
that smuts are not to be too much dreaded. Roof-
top gardens are the best for plants in crowded
districts, owing to there being no walls to draw them
up into a thin, lanky condition and to exclude air
and sun from them. But in the suburbs, verbenas,
stocks, asters, marguerites, petunias, begonias,
geraniums, Swan river daisies and dwarf snapdragons
are but a few of the favourites that will flourish.
SPECIAL WORK FOR JUNE
Watch for grubs in the rose buds, and young
leaf shoots, and pinch them out, cutting back
damaged portions of the branches.
Stand most of the room plants out, in semi-shade,
when gentle rain is falling.
Fill the worst-situated receptacles or garden
ground now, as no frosts need be feared.
Remember that a fine show of Tom Thumb
dahlias, from plants bought now, can be had among
the stones of a sunny rockery, even if it be but an
>. Bak
ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE WORK 55
area slope. These ten-to-twelve-inch dahlias are
very bright in effect.
A shady area slope will look cheerful if planted
all over with variegated periwinkle, with sunk pot
shrubs at intervals, suitable sorts being golden
privet and euonymus, and berberis aquifolium.
These shrubs should be removed in November and
kept growing in cold greenhouses, frames, or rooms,
Shady areas in the suburbs, where houses are
not very high and have air-spaces between them,
are fit for most of the bedding plants and perennials
advised for shady gardens.
Sow some pots of mignonette, thin out to five
seedlings in each six-inch pot, keep them outside
until September’s end, then enjoy the flowers
indoors. The seedlings should have their tips
pinched off when they are six inches high to
encourage bushy growth.
Sow three seeds of the trailing fuchsia (Fuchsia
procumbens) in a four-inch pot, under or behind
glass. Pot on when roots show at the base. Sink
the pot in moss in a hanging wire basket in a sunny
window. Beautiful trails of leaf and blossom will
result.
Keep dead roses cut off trees,
Continue to bed out, or plant dahlias or chry-
santhemums.
Cut down spring-bloomed perennials.
Sow dwarf sweet alyssum over bare spaces on
sunny rockeries, or to carpet among tall plants in
ornamental garden vases, window-boxes, beds, etc,
Sow wallflowers for next year in a very shallow
drill across open ground. Lay down some sweet-pea
faggots over the filled-in drill to keep birds off.
Water the garden if there is a spell of drought.
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56 TOWN GARDENING
One thorough soaking is right in a week, two are
better, but ‘a little watering’ done wholesale
every evening is disastrous. A portion of a garden
can be deluged at a time, another portion the next
evening or early morning. :
SPECIAL WORK FOR JULY
Tie green-grey wool round the sheaths of opening
carnations that might otherwise burst.
Gather rose petals for potpourri.
Syringe rose-trees that have done their first
flowering ; cut their branches back that have borne
blooms.
Give some old decayed manure as a mulch to the
roses, all but those that have not been planted a
year.
Give weak liquid manure to dahlias that are grow-
ing well; also to roses, hollyhocks, delphiniums,
pansies, verbenas, stocks, asters, heliotrope, fuchsias
and sweet-peas. Geraniums do not flower well if
overfed, but most other bedding plants do better
for extra nourishment.
Peg down verbenas and ivy-leaved geraniums.
Lift bulbs of ranunculuses, anemones, tulips,
hyacinths, etc., lay them on newspaper in dry
sunny sheds or rooms to dry for a week or so, then
wipe each and store in perfectly dry sawdust or
chaff, or chopped-up baked heather or moss, or old
dry broken-up cocoa-nut fibre refuse.
Give sticks and ties to all plants that need them.
Nail loose trails of climbers to the walls.
Pot some bulbs of freesias in ordinary potting
compost, putting them one inch deep and two
inches apart, in any sized pots, those of four and a
, oO So Gre
tas in’, ‘
/ TT. rs
Px a ror :
ROUTINE AND “SBASC NABLE WORK §
half or five h eteter see: best. Stand the
ye one airy rooms, greenhouse or frames,
d avoid giving much water: the soil must not
get quite dry, but too much moisture will mean
fe . More will be required as the plants grow.
st sring them into sunshine when growth is a few
inches high,
Fe ae 2s
ae ¥
Pe bs
Rae
Part II
WORK IN AUGUST, SEPTEMBER,
AND OCTOBER
CHAPTER VII
KEEPING UP THE FLOWER DISPLAY
Reserve Plants. Frames in Yards and on Porch-tops. How to
add to Beds and Boxes. The Art of removing Plants. Early-
flowering Chrysanthemums, Kochias, Beets, etc. Refilling
Window-boxes. Meadow-saffrons, etc.
O matter what plants the town-house occupier
specializes in for the summer show, he
should have a few too many, and keep those growing
on, somehow and somewhere, so as to replace any
of the flowering or foliage specimens that fail.
There are bound to be misfortunes and accidents.
It is easy to imagine the doleful appearance of a
bed of dwarf blue asters in which two plants turned
out to be violet, or of a stone vase by the hall
door in which three of the ring of red _ begonias,
surrounding a white marguerite, had perished. In
window-boxes any awkward gap will spoil the whole
display.
59
60 TOWN GARDENING
If there is only a backyard, supposing it receives
some sunshine, a fair-sized garden-frame will prove
of immense value. A flat roof-top will be an even
better site for one; the sun-heat will not be too
fierce if some old Japanese reed mats are kept to
lay over the glass or over the open frame, or to
fasten to thin erect bamboo canes as a screen.
The bamboo canes answer delightfully if their
lower lengths can slip into sockets of iron affixed
to the wood of the frame, and the screens serve,
in chilly times, as shelter from winds.
There is often a large roof above the porch, in
a town house, either entered upon through a stair-
case window or by a balcony. This should be
made the foundation of a really fine plant-show,
of course, but it can be turned into real use as
well, if a long narrow frame for growing things
in is placed at the edge nearest the road. It will
be hidden by the parapet, and the plant display
may rise just behind it, leaving the gardener space
at the two sides to visit it in comfort. Many
ironmongers and florists stock small deep frames
that could be used end to end.
In these frames, shaded and sheltered by the
parapet, the surplus begonias, stocks, asters, ver-
benas, geraniums, etc. etc., can be grown on in
readiness to fill gaps. They may also be used ©
for taking cuttings in, say of calceolarias, gera-
niums, fuchsias, pansies, violas and carnations; for
receiving seed-pans and boxes of pricked-out
seedlings.
When making any addition to beds, tubs or
boxes, it is necessary to get the soil into fit con-.
dition, neither too dry nor too wet, which a watering
overnight usually secures, and also to prepare
KEEPING UP THE FLOWER DISPLAY 61
similarly the soil round the plants that are to be
lifted or turned out of pots. Then they will
‘come away, dug out by the trowel or released
from pots, with what is known as ‘ball of soil
intact,’ and the roots will not only have no rough
usage, but need not know they are moved from
one place to another. This being so, neither
foliage nor blooms will flag.
I have moved a dwarf hybrid perpetual rose-
bush in July, when it was in full flower, and re-
planted it in another part of a garden, by this
method; without there being the slightest check |
to its growth or injury to its health; but this
necessitates the utmost care, of course, and deep
and wide digging by a spade. I do not recom-
mend the attempt to be made by any amateur,
but merely describe it here as an illustration of how
simply any small plants can be removed safely.
Even when no plants have failed in beds or
receptacles, some may have proved stunted, or have
yellowed foliage, or have insisted on growing too
lanky, instead of bushy, so make a bad effect.
Even when none of these troubles have occurred
the beds or receptacles may look rather bare, and
then a store of blue or white lobelia, of dwarf
chrysanthemum-flowered asters, dwarf French mari-
golds, the iceplant (Mesembryanthemum crystalli-
num), pigmy godetias, stocks, violas, etc., will
justify its existence. |
Crimson beet is a serviceable tall plant to keep
in reserve, and summer cypresses (Kochi _trico-
phylla), each in a small pot, may be either used
to add to insufficient plant displays or be potted
on once or twice to make pretty plants to use
on the dining-table or in the drawing-room,
Spat TOWN GARDENING
A favourite expedient of my own is to dig up
a portion of a front-garden edging of mossy saxi-
frage (Saxifraga hypnoides) in the middle of summer,
and set its dainty green tufts as a close carpet to
beds, or tubs, where the flowering plants stand |
rather too widely apart. By October’s end the
saxifrage tufts will be happy little plants to use
for winter bedding, or for making edgings and
additions to rock-gardens ; variegated arabis, purple
rock cress (Aubrietia) may be similarly treated.
Annual plants, such as larkspurs, stocks, asters,
clarkias, that bloom early in the summer, frequently
go yellow now and begin to die. Well, the town-
dweller need only repair to the nearest florist,
purchase some early-flowering chrysanthemums,
just budding in pots, and turn these out, balls
of soil intact, as described. They will give him
ample reward a little later. Or, as the year begins
to think of waning, it will be better to sink the
pot chrysanthemums, with a view to housing any
that have not done flowering when frost threatens. -
Naturally, geraniums in pots, and countless other
of the plants florists offer, can be used in these
ways, only the town-gardener seldom knows where
to keep large quantities of delicate plants during
winter. The chrysanthemums can be cut down in
November, and packed closely in a box of a little -
soil, have some more soil thrown over them, then
be stored in an attic by a window that is often
open. With a minimum of watering they will
survive till spring, then can be divided and re-
planted or repotted, or, if placed in warmth, will
send forth shoots that can be detached as already
rooted ‘cuttings.’ Old newspapers will suffice to
keep frost from them in the attic, whereas succulent-
KEEPING UP THE FLOWER DISPLAY 63
stemmed geraniums might generate moisture, turn
mildewy, or succumb through the cold. Fuchsias
are easier to keep than are geraniums or marguerites.
If the window-boxes have to be wholly refilled
now, early chrysanthemums are quite the best
plants, and the grey-leaved, yellow-and-scarlet
blossomed, succulent Echeveria secunda glauca, sold
ARASaaN|
VARIN
A TILE-FRONTED WINDOW-Box.
A Green euonymus. D Pale blue tiles.
B Gold chrysanthemums. E Deep blue tiles.
C Echeveria secunda glauca, F Cream tiles,
by all florists, will be a pretty, inexpensive edging,
that wili be neat and effective as soon as installed.
Echeverias may be placed closely together in large
pots, or singly in small ones, to be housed during
winter.
There is a charming method for refurnishing
semi-shady window-boxes, urns, etc. Buy some
miniature variegated euonymuses that can do duty
until next June, then plant among them bulbs of
meadow-saffrons (Colchicums), three inches apart,
two inches deep. These are flowers shaped like
giant crocuses ; the common kind is a lovely peach-
mauve, and there are crimson, purple and white
varieties that cost much more. Their marvellous
merit is that they will bloom about six to nine
weeks after the bulbs are planted, and then the
foliage will appear and make a nice carpet.
64 TOWN GARDENING
A few ordinary crocuses and snowdrops put in
among this carpet in November will make a
pleasing note later in front of the variegated shrubs.
But let the purchaser of all the bulbs make sure
that he obtains those of flowering size. It is often
worth while to fill a garden border with thousands
of young bulbs, to grow on for the future, but the
town-house front demands the mature and very
best.
Photo Vasey
NARCISSI IN THE WINDOW BOX
.
a
hae
e
aM
Bau, ¢
CHAPTER VIII
HOW TO GROUP POT PLANTS
_ Hardy Plants for Groups. Foliage Subjects. How to Grow Them.
res
How to make Groups—and Where.
HERE are probably a hundred amateur
gardeners able to grow pot plants to two
or three individuals able to group them satisfac-
torily. Sometimes failure is bound to be, because
of an insufficiency of mosses, ferns, foliage and
cluster plants with which to hide the pots of their
_taller comrades.
Now a winter-heated greenhouse seldom forms
part of the town establishment, so hosts of suit-
able dainty plants must be avoided and hardy
ones cultivated. It is a refreshing fact that these
will be inexpensive. Some of them may be ob-
tained by lifting and potting portions of plants
that happen to be in the borders; if this is done
in the hot months of the year they must be kept
cool and shaded for several days afterwards ; others
can be bought, in small pots, ready for use ; others
may only be obtainable in masses, in boxes, then
should be potted.
The following are reliable, dwarf, calculated to
show off the colours of the flowers beneath which
65 E
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EE eee oa be aT ap
66
TOWN GARDENING
they are to make a foliage-and-floral carpet without
so much as an inch of pottery remaining visible.
ARABIS. Plain and
variegated.
Gotp Dust (Alyssum saxa-
tile).
STONECROPS. Gold,* white,
orange, purple and red.
Mossy SAXIFRAGES. White
and rosy flowering.
SAXIFRAGA FORTUNEI.
White.
LonDdON PRIDE (Saxifraga
umbrosa).
SAXIFRAGA CRUSTRATA.
Silvered rosette foliage.
OxaLis RosEa. Pink.
OXALIS VALVIDIANA.
Yellow.
CREEPING JENNY (Lysi-
machia nummularia),
Green or gold leaved with
yellow flowers.
LoBELIA Erinus. IJ” ail
colours.
LITHOSPERMUM ~ PROSTRA-
TUM. A dwarf evergreen
of spreading habit that has
blue blossom.
KENILWORTH Ivy
(Linaria cymbalaria).
Pale lilac.
PERENNIAL CANDYTUFT
(1 be ris sempervirens).
White.
HYPERICUM EMPETRIFOLIUM,
Yellow.
HYPERICUM POLYPHYLLUM.
Yellow.
Atum Roots (Heucheras).
All have clusters of atirac-
tive leaves, from which rise
tall light stems of ved, rose
or white blossom.
HAWKWEED (Hieracium
aurantiacum). Ovange.
GERANIUM CINEREUM. One
of the true geraniums, or
cranes’ bills, whereas the
greenhouse ‘ gerantums’ are
veally pelargoniums. Pale
pink.
GERANIUM ENpREssu. Deep
vose.
GERANIUM PROSTRATUM.
Magenta.
SPLEENWORT ~~ (Asplenium
trichomanes). Fern.
Hotty FErn (Aspidium lon-
chitis).
PARSLEY FERN (Allosorus
crispus).
PoLYPODIUM VULGARE
CAMBRICUM. fern.
Tue BriITTLE BLADDER
FERN. (Cystopteris
fragilis). Wal succeed, if
given a compost of peat,
silvery sand, loam, and
coco-nut fibre refuse rubbed
into powder.
PLANTAIN Litres (Funkias
lancifolia and lancifolia
albamarginata). Lilac. A
foot tall, with spreading
leaves.
SNOW-IN-SUMMER
(Cerastium). Silver
foliage.
BELLFLOWERS (Campanulas
portenschlagiana, iso-
phylla alba, garganica,
HOW TO GROUP POT PLANTS
fragilis, carpatica), Vio-
let, white, blue.
SANDWORT (Arenaria
olearica). White.
GOLDEN SANDWORT
(Arenaria verna cspi-
tosa aurea). Gold foli-
age.
Wooprurr (Asperula odo-
rata). White.
Turirts (Armerias cepha-
lotes, laucheana and plan-
taginea. Rose, crimson
or white.
TRAILING SNAPDRAGON
(Antirrhinum glutonisum).
Cream.
Kipnéy Vetcu (Anthyllis
montana). Jose.
Cat’s Ear (Antennaria can-
dida). Silver leaves. Pink
bloom.
Buc_e (Ajuga reptans atro-
purpurea). Purple-bronze
leaves.
HEN-AND-CHICKEN HousE
67
Leek (Sempervivum globi-
ferum). Yellow.
Common Houszr LEEK
(Sempervivum tectorum),
Pale ved.
Lames’ Woo.
lanata). Silver
leaves.
Mock MAIDENHAIR
(Thalictrum minus
adiantifolium),.
Foam Ftrower (Tiarella
cordifolia). Fern-like
leaves, flowers like a minia-
tuve creamy meadow-sweet.
BRONZE-LEAVED FOAM
Frower (Tiarella pur-
purea). lowers rose.
TriroLtium REepeNs PENTA-
(Stachys
woolly
PHYLLUM. Bronze and
green leaves. lowers
white.
SPEEDWELL (Veronica gen-
tianoides variegata).
Creamy - marked foliage.
Blue flowers.
There are countless other hardy plants and ferns
that can be well grown in cold greenhouses, frames,
or room windows where air is freely admitted ;
the gardener who learns to delight in the variegated
tufts of the Speedwell named, for example, should
inquire after other dwarf members of the family ;
the lover of one stonecrop, house leek, or saxifrage,
will find dozens more waiting for his patronage.
Among larger foliage subjects of extreme value
in making groups of fairly hardy pot plants are
taller plantain lilies, hardy geraniums, saxifrages
and outdoor maidenhairs (Thalictrums) ; and their
blossoms add, of course, to their value. Aralias,
68 TOWN GARDENING
eucalyptus citriodora, lemon verbena, French laven-
der, like palms and aspidistras, only require.to be
kept safe from all frost.
Then there are annuals. of great foliage value
that should have been sown or purchased earlier,
of which the Golden Feather (Pyrethrum aureum) ~
is a popular example.
A group of plants against a wall, or other back-
ground, should have the greatest height behind,
either as a clump in the middle back row, or to
form the whole back row except for the edge, which
may be a single, double, or triple edging of dwarf
and semi-dwarf growers.
A group in an open space may have the highest
plants in the middle, or in clusters all over the space,
or as single specimen plants rising at even distances,
A pyramid can be built up easily, so that all
the foliage represents a sloped mass, of sugar-loaf
shape, and the blossoms either repeat this shape
themselves, or rise gracefully out of it according
to their different natures.
One fine pyramid group on a balcony or porch-
top, for summer, would consist of chimney bell-
flowers (Campanula pyramidalis), blue aralias, and
summer cypresses in front of the aralias, white
tobacco plants (Nicotiana affinis), crimson beet and
mock maidenhair (Thalictrum minus adiantifolium),
deep blue ostrich feather asters or blue larkspurs,
and white carnations, golden feather, purple-leaved
bugle, variegated arabis, and, lastly, an edging of
indigo blue lobelia.
A simpler group can be built up with single ~
dahlias, Pompon dahlias, Tom Thumb cactus dahlias,
then ferns with zinnias here and there, then a belt .
of the bronze-leaved foam flower, then one of oxalis SS
HOW TO GROUP POT PLANTS 69
rosea, and a final edge of closely-set pans of gold,
white, orange, red and purple stonecrops.
Let the town-gardener note that many of the tiny
plants can be cultivated in the pans sold for sowing
seed in, and this is a help in carpeting among
other plants.
_ Groups of chrysanthemums, in scarlet-crimson,
yellow and cream, with pots of scarlet-and-orange
montbretias, among beets, ferns, etc., edged by
mossy saxifrages and echeveria secunda glauca,
will be charming,
Pot Michaelmas daisies and other perennial asters
are of great value on account of their late blooming.
It will, perhaps, be a revelation to the town-dweller
that so many exquisite floral displays can be suc-
ceeded with, even within a city area; but, in
truth, by growing hardy plants chiefly, just pre-
served from frost, by washing foliage and frequent
use of the syringe, by occasional waterings with
a weak solution of fertilizer in rain-water or the
weakest of liquid manure, by removing all spent
blooms at once and never allowing dead leaves to -
rot on the plants, above all by giving enough water
regularly but never too much, great triumphs may
be recorded.
And plant groups look beautiful in so many spots
—on balconies, between verandah pillars, against
arch sides or pergola poles, in wall recesses of bay
windows, at the sides of the porch or steps, on the
summits of mounds or rockeries, against fences or
trellises, by chimneys, on the leads over built-out
kitchens, in conservatories, before summer-houses,
etc. etc. |
CHAPTER IX
PREPARING FOR AUTUMN BEAUTY
Succession of Effects. Pot PlantsonSteps. Retarded Geraniums,
Cork-covered Parapet Boxes. Choice of Chrysanthemums,
Hardy Plants in Pots for late Blooming. Meadow-saffrons.
Pot Dahlias.
HE clever town gardener does not expose all
his floral effects to the public gaze at the
beginning of summer ; he reserves certain additions,
so that when heat, dust and smoke has tired out
some of the flowers, taken the beauty off the house
front or the back garden, he can make up for that
by introducing beauties in other forms.
Let us suppose a house up half a dozen steps.
Pots, all of one size, scrupulously clean and with
saucers to fit, may stand on the sides of the steps,
a dozen in all, and the plants in all can be similar,
or match in twos. Thus the top ones could be
of glossy aralias, three feet high—so usually called
castor-oil plants, which is quite wrong—the next
pair could be golden chrysanthemums, the lowest
pair the summer cypress (Kochia tricophylla),
which will have begun to flush red and orange.
Or quite ordinary lavender Michaelmas daisies,
crimson beets, or fine-grown ‘ Love-lies-bleeding,’
and miniature annual dwarf sunflowers, would look
70
SSP ages’ " o A /
’ P
thee
ep,
IS oe
4 if
no
PREPARING FOR AUTUMN BEAUTY 71
novel, Ofcourse, if ivy-leaved and other geraniums
have been grown on in private with a view to this
late début, have had embryo buds picked off until
lately, they will now make a brilliant display.
Then, at the top of the steps, there might be
groups of more plants, or long-shaped boxes to lie
on the stone ledges of the parapet walls. These
boxes always look best when covered with virgin
cork, which is so easy to nail on wood. Some
persons like to paint virgin cork with silvery metallic
paints ; liquid aluminium paint is the newest thing.
Another idea is to have white-enamelled long boxes,
like window-boxes, to stand against the side walls
or railings at the top of steps, and these are, of
course, easily seen and avoided on dark nights,
Then there may be huge tubs, split barrel-shape,
or taller, filled with chrysanthemums, in pinks,
peach-mauve and gold, and edged by cat’s ear
(Stachys lanata), with a few plants of Kenilworth
ivy or trailing fuchsia (Fuchsia procumbens) to
overhang, They are sure to attract admiration.
The town-house owner who wishes to astonish his
neighbours by a late show of flowers, should order
chrysanthemums for blooming in October and No-
vember, then surround these by a row of a very
dwarf kind of chrysanthemum to flower earlier.
The florist or nurseryman will be able to provide ;
to recommend varieties here would merely confuse,
since there are hundreds suitable, and tradesmen
in different localities cultivate different favourites
for sale.
A further plan for making autumn floral is to
cultivate pot and tub Helen-flowers (Heleniums),
cone-flowers (Rudbeckias), and even red-hot pokers,
The last, known scientifically as tritomas, or
92 TOWN GARDENING
kniphofias, have to be potted singly in November or |
April, however, and should be given liquid manure
once a week all summer.
The Caffre flag (Schizostylis coccinea) is another
bulb for potting in November or March. It is a
glorious plant, with long, narrow leaves and spikes
of blood-crimson blossoms that appear in October
and November, As it is a hardy perennial the
pots should be put into cold frames during winter
and be stood out during summer.
The best way to keep pot plants out of doors is
to sink them up to the rims in a deep bed all of
cinders. This bed can be made up anywhere, on
gravel, cement, tiles, etc., against a wall. The roots
in the pots are thus kept cool, moist, yet not too
wet, for rains drain through the cinders, and slugs
and snails are kept away. It is quite a good idea
to add schizostylis bulbs to the window-boxes in
April, if care is taken not to injure the sprouting
rootlets when other plants are put among them.
A couple of dozen pots of Caffre flags ranged
along a balcony or verandah, making a line of
crimson-scarlet so late in the year, will win a town
gardener great praise.
Plants of the Japanese stonecrop (Sedum specta-
bile) are beautiful pot ornaments for the glass porch
or back steps of the house.
There is a great deal to be urged in favour of
always sinking pot plants in the window-boxes,
because a succession of effects can be so easily
arranged, and when this is carried out this tall
handsome sedum, so unlike the humbler stonecrops,
with its rose-flushed, blue-grey glaucous leaves, is
a very fine autumn filling. I have seen ornamental |
crimson flower-pot covers used, instead of window-
+ Be
%
PREPARING FOR AUTUMN BEAUTY 73
boxes, each holding an eight-inch pot containing
what may be called a clump of Japanese stone-
crop, from which rose many of the marvellous
cluster-heads of rosy bloom.
Among the seeds that are capital to sow in
March in a warm greenhouse, to produce pot
plants that will be handsome even when frosts
are due, are those of the varieties of Japanese
maize (Zea Japonicas variegata, and quadricolour).
However the seeds may be sown, the seedlings
are transferred singly to two-inch pots, then
simply given a shift into slightly bigger pots every
time those they inhabit are overfilled by roots.
The young plants are stood out during summer,
after being hardened off in frames. The leaves are
magnificently streaked and coloured. Another
name is Indian corn.
A raised bed, on a little lawn, looks well indeed
in autumn when the gardener can sink pots of Zea
among red chrysanthemums, or dwarf dahlias,
behind a thick belt of Japanese stonecrop.
If the advice in a previous chapter has been carried
out, all the rockeries, semi-shady borders and beds,
even under trees, may be alight—there is no more
suitable word—with the bright presence of meadow-
saffrons, those big crocus-shaped blossoms whose
peach, rose or white petals glisten in sunshine or
moonlight. The ordinary peach-mauve is very
cheap, so bulbs should have been generously planted.
The slopes of grass banks by the lawn should have
been dotted over with them too.
Now is the time to keep every inch of the beds
and borders especially tidy by use of the spud,
which will chop weeds up, destroying many insect
foes meanwhile, and let air into the soil. Pot
= Fen: Pe, A o
fi SY cok rg oat of , ee Doe
74 TOWN GARDENING
dahlias are suitable for growing in porches or on
porch steps, may even be kept in halls and rooms
for weeks while they bloom. Those that stand
outside to adorn the sides .of walks, seats,
summer-house thresholds, roof gardens, etc., may
very likely be able to continue their flowering long
after the planted-out dahlias are blackened, for they
will, of course, be given shelter, in the house if
there is no SOHSELYaLOTY. at Winter's first hint of
danger.
Happily for town dwellers, autumn has a splen-
dour all its own, when virginia creepers clothe our
walls in living ruby and the hues of many flames.
CHAPTER X
WINDOW GARDENS AND CONSER-
VATORIES
How to Ventilate. About Gas and Temperature. Balcony
Glasshouses for Alpines. Bulb Potting. Plants for Rooms.
Flower-tables in Sun and Shade.
WINDOW garden may be in a miniature
glasshouse, a sort of Wardian case, or merely
a collection of plants on a table, or on wire stands,
or in jardiniéres, inside the room. But it means,
to the scientific gardener, in any case, a collection
of plants grown without artificial heat.
Now a room that is constantly well ventilated
makes quite a healthy plant-house, near its glass,
but a room in which only chinks of ventilation
are allowed, and the windows are fastened tight
up every night, is not a happy home for vegetation
of any sort.
Draughts doa lot of mischief when on a level with
the plants, whereas draughts above them act but
as valuable ventilation.
Gas is, of course, very harmful to plants, yet
constant sponging and spraying will mitigate its
evil, provided the air is purified by sufficient
through ventilation, which means letting enough
75
ett es
’
76 TOWN GARDENING
wind blow through the room to entirely change
the air; during which process plants should be —
placed elsewhere or have light muslin thrown over
them.
The temperature of rooms will be found exceed-
ingly different, apart from the changes of temperature
wrought by our English climate, and the differences
are also great according to the districts and environ-
ments. A south-facing window on a Hampstead
hill is baking hot at times; one in a city square
would be little more than basking hot, the sun
flerceness reaching it tempered by haze; yet the
Hampstead room will contrive to be terribly cold,
south though it is, on a bitter night or day of winter,
whereas the room in the city square will have many
more degrees of temperature to its credit. Exposed
windows are good, ina way; and bad, in a way.
The house gardener had better buy a self-recording
thermometer. All the ordinary greenhouse plants
—geraniums, primulas, cinerarias, fuchsias, helio-
trope—need a winter temperature of 50° to
keep them going, though they will not die if
there is a drop to 45 or 40° at night occasionally.
Also, plants can be safeguarded, when there is
danger of frost, by covering them with muslin,
wrapping newspaper round the pots to stand high
around them, inverting glass shades over them,
keeping a small oil lamp burning between them
and the window, or having a small oil stove lit
on the hearth. Of course outside window-conserva-
tories, or fixed plant-cases on balconies or porch-
tops, cannot be used for delicate plants unless slightly
heated at night, and occasionally by day, from
November to April or even May. [If the owner
wishes to manage these economically and without
aw nye,
WINDOW GARDENS 9
much trouble, he should cultivate only perennials,
especially ‘ alpines.’ There are thousands of familar
favourites, from primroses to roses and chrysan-
themums, that will do well if given open-air treat-
ment when summer heat would weaken them under
glass ; there are thousands of exquisite, uncommon
alpines that would revel in the shelter, blossom
as freely in the heart of towns as in the country,
and keep up a succession of gay bloom.
The following have been grown in a little ‘ alpine ’
house in the west centre of London :—
SAXIFRAGA WALLACEIL.
White, blooming from April
to July. 6 %n. high.
SAXIFRAGA HYBRIDA
SPLENDENS. Tall vose
spikes among fine leaves.
February to June.
SAXIFRAGA STRACHEYI
Apa. White. Apriland
May. z ft.
SAXIFRAGA DECIPIENS
RUBRA GRANDIFLORA.
Bright crimson. May to
July. - 7m.
SAXIFRAGA TRIFURCATA.
White. May to July. 1 ft.
SAXIFRAGA BURSERIANA.
Silver cushions of foliage,
white flowers. February to
April. 3 mM.
SEMPERVIVUM
NOIDEUM, The
Cobweb house-leek.
Sepum Ewersil. Grey,
shining trailer, with rose
flowers all summer. 4 7n.
ARACH-
CUVIOUS
PRIMULA MALACOIDES.
Lilac. All
summer, on
into winter. 1 ft. Must
not be scorched by sun.
CALVARY CLOVER (Paro-
chetus communis.) Blue.
July to September. 61m.
BARBARY RAGWORT
(Othonnopsis cheirifolia).
February to July. Yellow,
silvery foliage. 18 in.
RED-CENTRED St. JOHN’S
WorRtT, OR ROSE OF
SHARON (Hypericum
Moserianum). Gold-and-
scavlet. Trailer. All
summer.
Sun Roses (Helianthemum -
vulgare). Varieties, yellow,
ved, white, pink, etc. All
summer. & in.
DAcTYLIs GLOMERATA ELE-
GANTISSIMA (Variegated
grass). 2 ft.
PLUMBAGO LARPENT2.
Cobalt blue. Autumn and
winter. 8 in.
JETHIONEMA GRANDIFLORA.
Rosy longheads of blossom.
May to September. 2 ft.
78 TOWN GARDENING
Pot shrubs to grow, if there is space, are—
ANDREW’S Broom (Cytisus JAPANESE QUINCE (Pyrus
Andreanus). Gold-and-red. japonica). ted, vose or
WHITE Broom (Cytisus whitey-blush.
albus). Rock Roses (Cistuses can-
CrEAM Broom (Cytisus didissimus, florentinus,
precox). Cream. formosus, purpurens, etc.).
SWEET DAPHNE (Daphne Rose, white, yellow, vred-
mezereon). Rosy ved or purple. Summer.
white. February and GHENT AZALEAs. Yellow,
March. apricot, copper, etc. Quite
TRAILING DAPHNE (Daphne hardy, but do not bloom
cneorum). ose. unless the dead flowers of
MyrtTLe (Myrtus communis), previous year have been re-
Ivory white. moved to prevent seed-pods.
Bulbs to pot for the miniature greenhouse on a
verandah or outside a window, include freesias,
Spanish irises, Roman and other hyacinths, ixias,
sparaxis, tulips, narcissi, tigridias, tritonias, oxalises
floribunda and _ brasiliensis, scilla sibirica, early-
flowering gladioli, chionodoxas, anemone fulgens,
and tuberous begonias. Bulbs should mostly be
potted about their own depth deep, but the soil
above their tips must not be pressed as hard as
the soil against their sides, but’ left loose, or as
it is called, friable, that they may be able to pierce
easily through it. (See chapters on Daily Routine,
and Seasonable Work.)
As a rule, pot plants for inside rooms are bought
regardless of their suitability. A double petunia
may look charming in a shop, but gassy air will
turn it black ; a cactus is quaint, but dies unless
there is plenty of sunshine ; primulas usually rot
off at the collar if there is not sun enough, and
are burnt to death if there istoo much. Primula
WINDOW GARDENS 79
obconicas are a fairly safe choice, and a capital
investment, because they can be divided as they
overcrowd one another, several pot specimens being
made out of the first; but handling the roots,
probably also the stems, without gloves on, will
undoubtedly give a skin rash to many persons,
I can vouch from experience that one can become
so accustomed to the influence as to suffer no
results, as it is possible to become used to mosquito
and even bee stings, yet I think it best to give the
warning. In one case known to me a lady wore
gloves when dividing her primula obconicas, but
happened to rub her eyelids with her fingers, and
had a bad rash, or sort of eczema, upon the former
in consequence.
The Fairy Primrose (Primula malacoides) is very
dainty, and, I believe, innocuous. Single fuchsias are
so graceful that it is surprising how seldom they
are chosen instead of the doubles. Show pelar-
goniums are as easy to manage as the zonal pelar-
goniums we call geraniums, if they are often washed
to keep away green-fly. Clivias and amaryllis are
suitable if there are facilities for keeping them during
winter. Yellow genistas, deutzias and spirgas can
be planted out in the garden, if,there is one, For sunk
in their pots, in cinders, mulched by cinders and
some cocoa-nut fibre in October’s end, and lifted
and repotted in March. Of course it is a con-
venient plan to hand such plants as these to a
florist to be repotted. —
Chrysanthemums in pots must be in the air until
they are fully set with buds, preferably till the buds
show colour: all but the latest kinds, which should
be brought in, in any state, at the end of October.
- Roses will bloom in town windows if they can be
80 TOWN GARDENING |
kept out of doors from May to blooming time, stood
out after their first blooming until the autumnal
crop of buds is well forward, then kept in cold frames
during winter. They really need frequent syringing,
which is a difficult matter indoors, though dipping
the branches and sponging bigger leaves and the
stems will suffice. Marguerites only last for a time ;
cinerarias, especially of the Star type (Cineraria
stellata) will thrive in city air, indeed sootiness
seems to keep off the ‘fly’ that is so ruinous to
greenhouse specimens ; they must have warm sites,
of course.
Border carnations, perpetual carnations, and
annual marguerite carnations, can all be recom-
mended. Malmaison, and other winter and earliest
spring blooming kinds, often succeed enough in
rooms to delight the possessors, and can be perfectly
grown in little balcony greenhouses if given plenty
of top air.
The flower-table in the sunny window may be a
real joy ; the best kind has a three- or four-inch-deep
zinc or tin tray on the top, but a few bits of wood
nailed round an ordinary kitchen table, to make
the top like a tray, with sides four or more inches
high, and a sheet of white mottled or green Ameri-
can cloth or linoleum put into the tray so as to
come partly up those sides, will prove quite con-
venient. |
The following are a few plants to grow in pots;
suggestions for others must be gleaned from other
pages of this book :—
ae
Photo Vasey
A TASTEFUL, DISPLAY
Bed along Front: Geranriums, Dwarr Roses and Litiums in pots
At left: Evonrums in box, Ivy GERANIUMS behind
Window Boxes: Ivy GerRANIUMS, DouBLE Nasturtiums and LOBELIA
Overhanging Windows: PURPLE CLEMATIS
3etween Windows: Lititum Henryl in pots
WINDOW GARDENS 81
VERBENAS.
Statices BONDUELLI.
Yellow, sinuata, lavender.
SCHIZANTHUSES. Annual
Butterfly flowers.
PRIMULA STELLATA. Tall.
PHACELIA CAMPANULARIA.
Gentian blueannual. 9 1n.
TOBACCO PLANTS. White
and coloured hybrids.
MIGNONETTE.
HumMEA ELEGANS. Brownish
ved. Very graceful.
Tue BLvue Guo (Eucalyptus
BripaL WreAtH (Francoa
ramosa). White. Flower
spikes. 3 ft.
SOLOMON’S SEAL (Poly-
gonatum multiflorum).
White. 3 ft.
QUEEN OF SAXIFRAGES
(Saxifraga longifolia).
White. 2 ft.
MoTHER OF ‘THOUSANDS
(Saxifraga sarmentosa).
Coloured leaves and whitish
flowers, spotted with gold
and scarlet. Tvailing.
globulus). SPIR4A PALMATA ELEGANS.
TEATHERED COCKSCOMBS Pale rose. 2% ft.
(Celosias). Gold, scarlet, BuGie Litres (Watsonias).
etc... 2 ft. Tall spikes of white, ver-
Tass—EL FLower (Cacalia milion or tevva-cotla salmon.
coccinea). Hardy annual. Pot bulbs (called corms) in
Vermilion. 15 in. October ov November, about
SPIRHZA JAPONICA. White. one inch and a half apart,
aft. . and one inch deep. Keep
BLEEDING-HEART FLOWER in cool voom till about to
(Dicentra spectabilis). flower, when place in sunny
Pink,” 2 ft. window.
Plants on the flower-table should be arranged
so that the foliage and lesser subjects hide the pots
of the larger, asin making plant groups for balconies,
porches, etc. The zealous gardener will never tire
of experimenting to discover beautiful flowers that
he may cultivate with only a window for glasshouse.
What can a few failures matter, when the triumphs
will create such delight ?
Shady windows can have plant-tables devoted
to ferns, Solomon’s seal, the native primrose, dainty
variegated ivies, spireas, London pride, meadow-
saffrons, calceolarias, periwinkles, and many small
evergreen shrubs, with German irises, in all their
F
82 TOWN GARDENING
pale or richly-hued varieties, in eight- and ten-inch
tubs. All the plants should be stood out in sunshine
occasionally, when it is not too strong; if this
is done—say once a fortnight for three days at a
time, or once a week if the plants have to be housed ©
each night—fuchsias, calceolarias, and many more
favourites can be added. The colours of the window-
table flowers must be carefully chosen to harmonize,
or contrast well, with the window-box plants.
CHAPTER . XI
LIFE IN TOWN GARDENS
Seats, Summer-Houses, Shelters, Rain-water Butt, Screens, Tents,
Furniture, Lawns, Birds, Tortoises. Keeping out Cats.
O matter how small the town garden may be,
there should be aseat init. The owner must
decide where the best shade is, if he wishes to sit
out in the dog-days, or where the most genial
position is if he wishes to bask at other times.
Personally, I advocate placing the seat in sunshine,
and as sheltered a nook as is consistent with gaining
such breezes as are likely to be pleasant. For the
seat that is too hot can be enjoyed to the full after
sundown, whereas the seat that is always in shade
is not much use during nine months of the year,
and the ground beneath it will be generally damp.
It may be a simple bench, or an elaborate affair
of iron, or rustic woodwork, an art-manufacture
of Jacobean design, a classic-shaped long, broad stool
such as we see in wedgwood carvings, or a railed
bench of wet-resisting teak, but should be accom-
panied by a foot-rest to correspond in style.
There should be seats on balconies, to save the
trouble of lifting chairs out from the rooms. There
should be fixed benches along verandahs for the
83
84 TOWN GARDENING
same reason, and side benches in porches are always
advisable.
It is amazing how much use can be made of
a fair-sized garden shelter, against the sunniest wall
of a town ‘pleasure ground.’ Of course, all the
householder has to do is to visit the ironmonger
or horticultural builder, choose his summer-house
or summer shelter (which will be shed-shape), and
have it sent home and fixed up. But he will do
well to have it set on a foundation of some sort,
such as cemented sunk bricks, asphalt, concrete,
pavement, inlaid tiles, embedded small stones, or
mounted on a wooden platform beneath which air
passes, as many bungalows are built.
A thatched roof is not in keeping with a town
mansion, yet who can be blamed for choosing this
countrified feature ? Heather, gorse and bracken-
fern are often used instead of straw for thatching.
Summer-houses had better be painted than stained
and varnished, and creosoted wood is detested by
climbers.
Span-roofed buildings are best set in the open,
but of course it is sometimes almost necessary to
place them beneath trees. Roofs should be either
well domed or much slanted, and the floors should
slope sharply from back to front, or moderately
from middle to sides. .
Rain-water is so precious that a butt should
adjoin one wall of a summer-house, be fed by the
guttering, and have an overflow pipe in connexion
with the water-pipe from house to drains.
If nothing will grow where the seats or summer-
houses stand, except ivies and virginia creeper, let
those be perfectly cultivated and well trimmed.
But hypericiums, the Hard Fern, the Broad Buckler
LIFE IN TOWN GARDENS 85
Vern, the big periwinkle, vinca major, the purple
German iris, foxgloves and Solomon’s seal will live
under exceedingly adverse circumstances, provided
the ground is prepared for them, and kept hoed over -
at all seasons of the year. It is difficult to grow
violets and lilies-of-the-valley in real town
gardens ; however, the attempt should be made.
The free use of very old horse-manure does
wonders.
A tent is not a bad ornament in a walled-round,
arid bit of garden, but one of green canvas is in-
finitely preferable to a white one that will not stay
white. Of course, a tent can be fixed up ina sunny
paved yard. The ‘lawn’ is the worst possible
spot, because the grass will suffer and the ground
be mostly damp
Tables and chairs, in tents or shelters, will
encourage people to lead an open-air life. Facilities
for resting, working, or even sleeping should be
provided wherever the entourage is suitable, on
roof-tops, balconies, or ‘leads’ above built-out
kitchens, garages or billiard-rooms.
Screens of trellis woodwork may be set up to
render seat sites private, or non-draughty, the lower
halves should have boards or rot-proof felt nailed
against them.
It is folly to try to make a lawn in a tree-shaded
garden, or where walls or buildings shut out most
of the air, for turf will not thrive without light and
some sunshine, and slimy damp grass is abominable
to walk over.
Some years ago there was quite a craze for keeping
tortoises in back gardens. They are not intelligent
pets, and though they eat noxious creatures that
feed on vegetation, they themselves feed upon tender
TTF ial
S) ee a iN f
TF) Eat ee Pin ey oe Th Le i a: +e a
86 TOWN GARDEN ING
~ Jittle seedlings and crush down tufts of delicate. ze
plants.
Feeding the sparrows is a hobby that can be
: recommended, and water should be provided as —
well as food. In suburbs there will be blackbirds, —
thrushes, starlings, and even tits.
To deter all the cats of the vicinity from enjoying —
the garden, either large-meshed wire-netting or old
fish-netting should be ‘put up loosely three-quarters aS)
of a yard or more high round all the walls. The
poles to which the netting is fixed ought to haves
~ sharpened tops. So long as the netting is not taut, a
but shakes at the least touch, few, if any ee
will climb over it.
3
~~
es
"
CHAPTER XII
DAILY ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE
WORK
GENERAL WORK FOR AUGUST, SEPTEMBER
AND OCTOBER
ISBUD dahlias slightly to secure fine blooms.
See to the ties of dahlias, or heavy storm
rains may bend them double.
Go over rose-trees to cut away all the shoots
that:have flowered, to within a quarter-inch of
the branches from which they start. Fresh shoots
will soon appear, and when these are a few inches
long the quarter-inch bit of old stem should be pared
off by a very sharp knife. |
Remove altogether all overcrowding weakly
branches of roses, right up to the end of October ;
the trees will be much stronger to face the winter.
Cut down flower spikes of hollyhocks, delphiniums
and snapdragons directly they fade.
Mulch the beds of pinks, violets and lilies-of-the-
valley with old stable manure chopped short. Scatter
some slaked lime (builders’ lime) on the surface
soil first, and prick over, between the plants, with
a hand-fork.
87
88 TOWN GARDENING
Mow grass twice a week, roll when lawns have
partly dried after heavy storms.
Harvest seeds. Gather them on dry days, place
in saucers in a warm window, not actually in sun-
shine, for two days, then put into envelopes and
keep in dry drawers.
Apply weed-killer to paths and crevices of bricked
or paved yards.
Make up borders that are to have trees, shrubs,
roses or perennials planted in them in November.
Fork them over first, add manure if necessary,
dress with fumigants if desired (see Chapter III).
Weed garden ground, and soil in boxes, urns,
rockeries, tubs, pots, etc., before the weeds can seed.
When green moss has grown on surface soil in
pots, etc., scrape it off, and add some fresh compost,
then water with a solution of one teaspoonful of
builders’ lime to the pint.
If the presence of worms in pots, etc., is suggested,
water the plants once with a solution of half a tea-
spoonful of mustard in a pint of water. When
possible lay the pots on their sides, then the worms
will struggle out, some at the base, some at the top.
Remove all the long weakly growths on Rambler
roses, leaving the strong new shoots from the base -
room in which to develop.
As pot lilies go out of bloom stand them out
of doors in semi-shade and gradually withhold
water. The same treatment, except that some
water is needed, is correct for azaleas, heaths,
brooms, deutzias, spireeas, genistas and pot roses.
Keep pansies, violas, and other bedding plants
from seeding. If rose leaves are mildewed cut
off the most disfigured ones, dust flowers of sulphur
on all the others, also the stems, when they are
ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE WORK 89
moist ; in three days’ time wash and syringe off
the sulphur with a solution of one teaspoonful of
Sanitas fluid in a gallon of water.
An old recipe for preventing mildew from spread-
ing is to syringe the trees every evening with water
in which elder leaves, young shoots especially, have
been well bruised by a stick and left to soak twelve
hours. It is well to water mildewed rose-trees
thoroughly with plain rain- or river-water, giving
a couple of bucketfuls to each large bush, standard
or climber, and one bucketful to each small bush;
but this should not be done after the beginning of
October unless the season is hot exceptionally late.
Instead of standing out show pelargoniums, lay
them on their sides along a gravel or tiled walk in
sunshine. Lift and give a little water in a week.
Kepot them into similar-sized, or even into smaller
pots of ordinary compost, after cutting them back.
If they can be kept in a frame, so much the
better ; if not, they can remain out until the end of
October.
SPECIAL WORK FOR AUGUST
Layer carnations. This is done by bending down
well-developed side shoots and pegging them into
equal parts of compost and silver sand, after first
cutting a little slit in the stem just where it is pegged
down. ‘The portion of shoot above ground may be
from four to seven inches. This portion should be
sprinkled with water once or twice daily. Shoots
can be layered into pans or pots, if more convenient
than the garden ground ; it is sometimes necessary
to fasten a small pot to sticks, some distance up
the plant, to secure a layer from ashoot that cannot
90 _ TOWN GARDENING
be bent down sufficiently. In three weeks’ time
the layers should show signs of growing.
Divide garden tufts, or pot clumps, of primroses,
polyanthuses, arabises, etc.: all small hardy plants
that are too thick, in fact.
Give weak manure-water, and weak soot-water,
to geraniums, marguerites, fuchsias, hydrangeas,
petunias, etc, etc., that are flowering lavishly.
Give very weak soot-water once to ferns. Scatter
some fertilizer on the soil of aspidistras, palms,
aralias, and other foliage plants in pots, when that
soil is not perfectly dry, and water in lightly at
once, after which leave them till quite dry before
watering again.
Water palms and ferns freely, also aspidistras.
SPECIAL WORK FOR SEPTEMBER
Wash the wood and shoots of azaleas, oleanders,
hydrangeas, deutzias, and other plants of fairly
woody stems, with a very weak solution of Gishurst
Compound, according to instructions supplied with
it. Syringe several times during the following week.
Sponge the leaves (grass) and stems of carnations
with a solution of one saltspoonful of paraffin in
a quart of tepid water. This will prove a remedy
for insect pests. |
Trim box edgings and all evergreen shrubs except |
hollies and privets, which are best done in April.
Shorten wild shoots of the white spring flowering
clematises. 7
Remove seed-pods, if any have been allowed to
form, from azaleas and rhododendrons. Clematises
can be layered like carnations, so may Rambler roses.
This is a good month for planting or potting
paitecs sen ti 2s) 2
Se
ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE WORK 91
the Madonna lily. One bulb may be put in each
six-inch pot, or three in a ten-inch. The bulbs,
in pots, should be covered by only half an inch of
soil, though those planted in beds, borders, or deep
boxes and ornamental stone vases, should be four
inches below the soil. The right compost for lilies,
and suggestions what lilies to grow, will be found
dealt with in Chapter XIII.
_ This is the best month for cleaning conservatories,
FoRGET-ME-NoT
DWARF LEMON WALLFLOWER
DWARF RED WALLFLOWER
DE EPCOLDWALLFLOWER
PURPLE COLUMBINE
MIXED
GERMAN
[RISES
A SIMPLE RIBBON BED FOR SPRING.
greenhouses, and frames, because in the first weeks
the temperature is usually safe for standing all
their occupants outside for a few days.
Repainting woodwork annually is a great pre-
ventive of disease and insect pests, All woodwork
not to be painted should be scrubbed with soft-
soap and water, all pots that are left in should be
scraped clean. Indeed, every pot had better be
quickly dipped in a bucket of soft-soap solution,
then washed and rubbed dry just before the plants
are put back in their homes, and all dying or in-
Q2 TOWN GARDENING
jured leaves should be picked off. August is the
gardener’s favourite month for greenhouse cleaning,
but unless the plants can be stood in semi-shade
the heat sometimes proves devastating, so September
is safer.
Give chemical foods, soot-water, and weak liquid
manure, alternately, twice or thrice a week to pot
chrysanthemums for late blooming. Palms must be
watered liberally this month. Plant out seedling
wallflowers, sweet rocket, honesty, and Brompton
stocks where they are to bloom ; or the wallflowers
can be put in rows anywhere and used to fill emptied
beds in late October or November. A very slight
dusting over with guano will greatly assist a poor
grass plot.
Remove the shading or curtains from glass-
houses, and thin out any climbers that make the
places dark.
SPECIAL WORK FOR OCTOBER
Make up all dells and holes in the lawn with good
compost, wet it, scatter lawn grass seed, press it
in by a wooden box-lid or back of a trowel, strew
some roadside or path grit on, and a sprinkling of
carbolic powder. Holes made by grubbing out
weeds may be similarly treated.
Keep pot fuchsias and geraniums nearly dry at
the roots for a few weeks, standing them in full
air, but sprinkle them daily. Then fill up the pots
with compost, after pricking over the soil, cut the
shoots back well, thin out overcrowded growth, and
return to windows or glasshouses any that are
expected to give winter or spring blossom. The
others can be kept nearly dry out of doors until
55
ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE WORK 93
November begins, then be taken from their pots
and squeezed together by their roots in boxes of
not much dry soil, to be merely just kept alive,
in airy attics or sheds or cold frames, or on green-
house floors, until spring.
If ants have come into any buildings, strew
powdered alum on all the floorings, which will drive
them away.
If field mice—or garden mice—are troublesome,
bait traps with sunflower seeds: cheese is no use.
Clip spent edgings of arabises quite short, keep
them watered, if the weather does not, and they
will become thick and neat again.
Divide and replant overcrowded London pride.
Plant roses, shrubs, etc. (See Chapter XV.)
Clear out any window-boxes that are no longer
attractive, and sink pot plants in them, of such
things as chrysanthemums, dwarf late Michaelmas
daisies, Japanese and other stonecrops, dwarf minia-
ture ivies, variegated shrubs and young aralias.
Watch the weather. Early November is the right
time usually, in towns, for putting bedding plants,
etc., away, but a cold October may oblige the
gardener to antedate the safeguarding work.
= Date |
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chp TEP wo ays oe ow tn de? Fe mY ws
Part III
WORK IN NOVEMBER, DECEMBER,
AND JANUARY
CHAPTER XIII
BULB POTTING, ETC.
List of Bulbs to Plant or Pot, with Instructions for Culture.
Hyacinths in Glasses. Bulbs to Cultivate in Peat Fibre
Mixture.
REESIA potting is described in a previous
chapter. It can be continued after July and
August ; indeed, if done at fortnightly intervals
until December a succession of blossoming ornaments
will be gained.
There are so many excellent ways of using bulbs
that all cannot be mentioned, but the town gardener
may choose among the following suggestions.
Spring Snowflake (Leucojum vernum). Little
white flowers, green-tipped. Plant three inches
apart and two inches deep in rockery nooks, in
August, September or October.
Summer Snowflake (Leucojum estivum). A fine
plant, with white bell-shaped flowers in May.
95
96 TOWN GARDENING
Eighteen inches. Plant four inches deep and four
inches apart in good borders in August, September,
October or November.
Roman Hyacinths. Whité. . Pot bulbs, three in
a five-inch pot of ordinary compost, one inch deep.
Place pots in a cold frame, or on a-cold greenhouse
floor, or in boxes in a room. Cover them in with
ashes until growth can just be seen breaking through.
Then remove to window or greenhouse. No water
is required till growth appears. Plant from August
to December.
Italian Hyacinths. Blue and pink. Similar to
Roman hyacinths, but coloured. Treat identically.
The bulbs of these two classes of hyacinth should be
thrown away after the flowers are over.
Hyacinths. Double and single hyacinths of all
colours. Plant out of doors in November, three
inches deep, eight inches apart. Lift bulbs and
dry them off to store in June. Pot in November
and December one bulb, with its tip just under the
compost, in a six-inch pot, or three in a nine-inch.,
Cover as with Roman Hyacinths.
Tulip. Ordinary early, mid-early and late kinds,
double or single, all colours. Plant out of doors in
November, three or four inches deep, six or eight
inches apart. Bulbs may be lifted when they have
flowered and planted immediately in waste ground
to complete their growth, or else must be left where
they are till the foliage has all died down; then
they should be lifted, dried off and stored. Pot —
these tulips, the earliest first, from September to
December, four bulbs in a six-inch pot, tips just
covered. Cover with cinders, as with Roman
Hyacinths.
Hardy Tulips. The Darwin, Parrot, Cottage and
SHYUL MAA AGUNV SULIFI
BULB-POTTING, ETC. 97
other perennial tulips are all to be left in the ground,
and make handsome colour groups in_ borders.
Sharp cinders should be thrown over the soil above
them each November in the worst town gardens,
Spanish Irises. Plant bulbs three inches deep,
six inches apart, in sunny borders, from September
to December. Cover the soil with ashes and old
coco-nut fibre refuse. Leave in the ground; they
may thrive, and if they should fail bulbs are very
cheap to replace them. Pot Spanish irises in October
or November, five bulbs in a six-inch pot, or seven
in an eight-inch, two inches deep. Treat like
Freesias, that is to say, place the pots in frames or
on cold greenhouse floor or attic shelf, scarcely
ever giving water until growth appears. Then move
into light, but do not attempt to force them in
warm greenhouse until flower spikes are just
beginning to be discernible as thickened shoots
between the sword leaves.
Crown Imperials (Fritillaria imperialis). Plant,
from September to December, one bulb in a six- or
eight-inch pot of a compost of equal parts of loam,
peat, leaf-mould,* old manure chopped fine, and
coarse sand, covering with about two inches of
soil and laying the bulb slightly on its side to
prevent water from lodging in its heart. The pots
should be kept uncovered, in a cool place, until the
growth is quite vigorous, and scarcely any water
should be given in the early stages. Plant six inches
apart in tubs, eight inches out of doors, and four
inches deep.
Gladiolus colvillei, the Bride. Plant, from
October to December, in warm border, box-bed,,.
window-boxes, rockeries or tubs, four inches deep,
six inches apart. Mulch ground with very old
Ge
98 TOWN GARDENING
manure and coarse sand mixed. Pot, October to
March, one inch deep, five corms in a six-inch pot..
Keep uncovered in cold frame or plunged to the
rim in a cinder bed against a south wall, covering
with dry litter during frosts. Remove to window or
greenhouse when growth is several inches high.
Madonna Lily (Lilium candidum). Place, in
September or October, one bulb rather deep in a
six- or eight-inch pot, barely covering it, leaving a
couple of inches of space for adding more soil later,
when the roots show on the surface. Use a compost
of equal parts of peat, loam and sand. Place pots
in a bed of cinders, under cover if possible ; make a
mulch of six inches of coco-nut fibre refuse over
all. Remove to frames, window or greenhouse,
directly growth can be discovered.
Golden Lily of Japan (Lilium auratum). Pot,
September to March, placing one bulb in a six-inch
pot, or three in a ten- or twelve-inch tub. Use a
compost of equal parts of peat, loam, leaf-mould,
old manure and sand. Cover with one inch of
compost, placing the bulb low down in pot. Keep
pots under cover. Mulch over with two inches of
coco-nut fibre refuse until growth begins, when
remove them to cool greenhouse or room window.
Water lightly when growth starts, vigorously when
plants are fully grown. Fill up pots gradually with
compost. Give weak liquid manure occasionally to
full-grown plants. Stand out in sunshine after
flowering is done. Dry off, from October to March,
after gradually ceasing to water.
Japanese Spotted Lily (Lilium speciosum). White,
crimson or rose. Treat as Lilium auratum.
Lilium Harrisi. White. Treat as Lilium auratum,
but do not absolutely dry off after flowering.
BULB-POTTING, ETC. 99
Florists and seedsmen will supply all these lily
bulbs ready for planting, if requested, but kept
bulbs, or any not prepared specially, should have
any spoilt scales rubbed off, and be half sunk in
moistened coco-nut fibre refuse for a week before
they are potted. This will cause them to swell.
Lebanon Squill (Puschkina libanotica compacta).
Charming little uncommon flower, white, striped
with blue. Pot, October to March, half an inch
deep, an inch apart. Keep uncovered in cool place
until leaves have grown.
Daffodils. The beautiful large or small Trumpet
Daffodils can be safely planted, from September to
January, out of doors in London or other towns, in
ordinarily well-drained borders, with old manure
added nine inches below the surface, and a very
little more manure, broken fine, can be mixed with
the soil above. Plant six to ten inches apart, and
two to three inches deep, according to the size of the
bulbs.
Polyanthus Narcissi. Treat as Daffodils.
Stella Narcissi. Treat as Daffodils.
Single Poet’s Narcissus (or Pheasant’s Eye).
Treat as Daffodils.
All the above may be potted, three bulbs in a
six-inch pot, from September to January, in a
compost of equal parts of loam, leaf-mould, sand,
and a half part of thoroughly old manure, leaving
points of bulbs just uncovered. Sink in cinder bed
until growth begins. Do not water till then. Weak
liquid manure is of great value when buds are
forming.
Gold and White Jonquils can be similarly grown,
rather closer together.
The double daffodils and double white narcissi
aH8 TOWN GARDENING
should be added to borders or outdoor beds, tubs,
urns, etc., but not potted for any indoor purposes. ~
Solomon’s Seal (Polygonatum). Pot roots in
ordinary soil, in November, in six-inch pots, or
larger clumps of roots in tubs. Keep out of doors,
or in cool places, covered by coco-nut fibre refuse
until growth begins.
Turban Ranunculuses. Beautiful, brilliant, many-
hued flowers for rich beds, with sand added, or for
window-boxes, urns, tubs, etc. Plant the tubers
firmly, claw side downwards, two inches deep and
three inches apart, in October or November. Mulch
over with leaf-mould. Mulch with old manure in
March. Can be planted in February in cold gardens.
Lift the tubers in July or August, dry them in
sunshine, and store.
Caffre Flag (Schizostylis coccinea). Plant from
September to March in sunny borders or window-
boxes, two or three inches deep ; or pot three bulbs
in a six-inch pot, two inches deep, in March. Keep
in frames till June; stand pots out till October,
then take into greenhouse or window.
Siberian Squill (Scilla sibirica), Blue or white.
Plant bulbs two inches deep, two inches apart, in
October, November and December. Pot bulbs one
inch apart. Keep under cinder covering, in cool
place, till growth begins, then move to greenhouse
or sunny window.
Bluebells (Scilla nutans). Blue or white. Plant
bulbs, in sun or shade, in October and November.
Spanish Hyacinths (Scilla hispanica). White,
lilac, blue or pink ‘bluebells.’ Treat as Scilla
nutans. :
Harlequin Flower (Sparaxis). Somewhat like
ixis; many colours. Pot, in November, seven bulbs
BULB-POTTING, ETC. IOI
in six-inch pot. Cover with fine ashes or coco-nut
fibre refuse. Keep in frost-proof room till growth
appears, when lift pots out and keep in sunny
window or greenhouse. Water moderately then,
Dry bulbs off after flowering, but do not take them
from their pots. Begin to water slightly next early
spring, top-dress, and flower bulbs again in the
same pots.
‘Tiger Flower (Tigridia pavonia). Gorgeous in
colour and very beautiful. Pot in March or April,
three bulbs in a six-inch pot, one inch deep. Use a
compost of two parts loam and one part each of peat
and coarse sand. Cover with cinders in frame or
glass-covered box in attic ; do not water until growth
begin, when give light and air. Move to greenhouse
or warm window and water freely. Give liquid
manure when flowers begin to form. Dry _ off
gradually after bloom is over. Keep pots exposed to
sunshine for some weeks, then turn out bulbs and
store by hanging them up in a dry room.
Bugle Lily (Watsonia ardenei). White. Pot, in
October or November, placing three or four corms
in a six-inch pot. Keep in frame, giving just enough
water to prevent the soil becoming dust dry, till
flower spikes show, when grow on in greenhouse or
window, watering normally. Dry off in the pots,
and water once, then repot in following October.
Winter Aconite (Eranthis hyemalis). The golden
star flowers are very pretty in earliest spring.
Plant bulbs an inch deep and an inch apart, in
semi-shade. Can be grown in pots, like Scilla
sibirica.
Scarlet Wind Flower (Anemone fulgens). Plant
out of doors, in beds, boxes, etc., two inches deep,
six inches apart, from October to December.
102 TOWN GARDENING
Crocuses. Plant in October and November, three
inches deep in good, fairly light soil, two inches in
heavy soil. Lift and divide every fourth year.
Pot one inch deep, one or two inches apart. Cover
with cinder ashes; keep in cool place till growth
begins. - Bulbs that have flowered in pots are useless
for further pot-culture, but may be planted outside.
Snowdrops. Plant in October, November or
December, four inches deep, two or three inches
apart. Pot as Crocuses.
Lily-of-the-Valley. Plant the ‘ crowns ’in Novem-
ber or December, in very rich beds in semi-shade, two
inches deep, eight inches apart.
Montbretias. Plant, from October to March, three
inches deep, four inches apart, in rich soil. Mulch
over with leaf-mould the first winter. Pot in
November, placing five bulbs in each five- or six-
inch pot, three inches deep. Keep in frame or
room, covered by cinders or coco-nut fibre refuse
until growth begins. The clumps in the pots can
be turned into the garden ground to finish growth,
directly the flowers are over, and portions of them
may be potted up again.
Star of Bethlehem (Ornithagalum umbellatum),
Plant in November, three inches deep, three inches
apart. Pot, October to December, five or seven
bulbs in six-inch pot. Keep coco-nut fibre covered
till growth appears. Turn flowered bulbs into the
border.
Oxalis floribunda. Pink. Shamrock-leaved. Pot
in October, placing bulbs an inch deep and an inch
apart. Keep in greenhouse or sunny window.
Hyacinths in Glasses. Nearly fill a hyacinth
glass with water, rain-water if possible, and put two
nuggets of pure wood charcoal in it. Lay a small
BULB-POTTING, ETC. 103
round of fish-netting over, and place a bulb on this,
so as its base just touches the water. The netting
is to support the bulb upright, but can be dispensed
with if preferred. Put the glass on a cupboard
shelf in the dark, but where a chink can be left free
for air. Fill up with water as required. Admit to
light gradually when the growth is a couple of
inches high. Then remove to window or greenhouse
sunshine.
Many bulbous plants can be grown very success-
fully in bowls or vases with or without holes for
drainage, provided a specially prepared material
is used, which is sold for the purpose, and consists of
peat fibre, crushed shell, and charcoal. All large
firms of seedsmen supply this. The bulbs are
simply laid upon the material, slightly pressed
in, and it has to be kept just moist. The distances
at which bulbs should be set can be guessed by noting
the distances advised for bulbs in pots.
Suitable bulbs include daffodils, early tulips, single
jonquils, Roman hyacinths, early single Italian
hyacinths, single Poet’s narcissus, polyanthus
narcissi, scilla sibirica; also the ‘Glory of the
Snow’ (Chionodoxa Luciliz), royal blue, which
may be treated like scilla stbirica.
There are also the meadow-saffrons (Colchicums),
several autumn and winter flowering species of small
crocuses which bloom long before the equally suitable
spring crocuses, single snowdrops, and the exquisite
little azure blue and lavender iris stylosa, which will
bloom any time from November to April indoors.
Place bulbs of this two inches apart in September.
CHAPTER XIV
BEDDING OUT FOR SPRING
The Need for Hoeing. Why Plants die in Winter. Wallflowers.
A Representative Filling for a Bex Bed. Shrubs, Pinks,
Pansies, etc. Erect Ivies for Window-Boxes. Spring Plant-
ing.
HE subject of filling beds, boxes, tubs, urns,
etc., so that they look well all winter and
contain plants or bulbs that will blossom in spring,
is not a popular one, as a rule, with the town
gardener, who generally has the pessimistic idea
that everything is bound to die. Great quantities
of plants do die between October and April, but
this is often because no gardening is done mean-
while. It is absolutely essential to keep ground
hoed over, and soil in receptacles pricked over, that
there may be ventilation in the earth that is
nourishing plants. Unless the hoe or, preferably,
the spud, is used at least once a fortnight, plants
cannot be expected to live.
Of course there may be long spells of hard frost,
when the ground is too hard to penetrate, but these
are rare, and directly frost breaks the surface soil
should be loosened. There is no occasion to hoe
deeply, indeed it would be sure to injure roots and
104
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"Thy
BEDDING-OUT FOR SPRING 105
bulbs; pricking over to a depth of an inch or
two, according to what is in the ground, is best.
By the by, wallflowers must not be loosened in
the soil, or they will die off; so, if the hoeing has
been careless these plants should be trodden round
and made very firm.
The hoeing can be done lightly through any winter
mulch there may be of old manure or coco-nut fibre
refuse, for the soil will not be turned.
Florists will provide suitable dwarf evergreen
shrubs for beds; these can safely be turned out of
_ their pots in October, but many gardeners prefer
to sink them in the pots, covering every vestige
of the latter by soil.
A bed, or box, six feet square will take one shrub
in the centre, a smaller shrub at each corner, and
there will be room for a ring of dwarf wallflowers,
then one of London pride, then variegated arabis
tufts at six-inch intervals, with three early scarlet
dwarf tulips in each interval, and a final edging of
mossy saxifrage (Saxifraga hypnoides). The result
will be a very pretty ‘ evergreen’ foliage show all
winter.
By a little reflection the gardener will be able to
invent other combinations, bearing in mind the
great merits of ‘ perpetual foliage’ subjects, large
and small, from shrubs down to common pinks.
‘TI can’t grow pinks in my garden,’ I fancy I hear
from a critic. Well, there is absolutely no reason,
except neglect, starvation, or injury by animals,
why pinks should not flourish in even city gardens,
for they do not mind soot or smoky atmosphere.
The beautiful new Allwoodii pinks, perpetual
blooming, are just as suitable, though more costly.
Pansies should always be tried. If mulched round
106 TOWN GARDENING
well they will probably live and will yield large
blooms in spring ; whereas plants bought then, with
giant blossoms developing, soon deteriorate.
Forget-me-nots are very ‘chancy.’ They succeed
in some of the worst town gardens and disappear
out of many better ones. Double red and white
daisies (Bellis perennis) are fairly safe.
More use should be made of German irises, whose »
grey sword leaves are so elegant. They ought to
be represented by robust single specimens set at
nine-inch distances, say with mossy saxifrage or
variegated arabis all between ; instead of which we
mostly see them in overcrowded masses, unable to
flower properly.
Suburban beds, borders and urns may well be
edged by common thrift, for its pretty green effect,
but London pride is satisfactory anywhere. Crocus
edgings are always charming, but crocuses want
to be let alone for three or four years, not moved
about.
I have seen window-boxes, with brilliant orange
tiled fronts, in the heart of the city, looking beautiful
all winter through, being planted only with some gold-
variegated euonymus shrubs and the tiny-leaved,
deep green, erect-growing ivy (Hedera helix conglo-
merata). Hedera helix Cavendishi variegata is
another miniature kind, only cream variegated, that
should thrive.
Directly March comes in beds can be made fair
for spring, of course, by the introduction of wall-
flowers, forget-me-nots, lungworts, violas, double
daisies, polyanthuses, plain and coloured primroses,
pansies, and many other attractive things that are
described in other chapters.
It is a good plan to plant forget-me-nots, especially
BEDDING-OUT FOR SPRING 107
myosotis dissitiflora, close against crocuses that are
going out of flower soon; then masses of pale blue
florescence will hide the decaying crocus foliage that
must be allowed to die naturally, not cut off.
Double and single pzonies should be planted
permanently as a help in the spring beds, because
their red shoots of foliage are as beautiful as
blossoms directly they commence growing. Some
lime should be strewn round them each March- to
keep slugs away.
CHAPTER XV
ROSES, TREES, SHRUBS, ETC.
How to Plant Deciduous Trees. Evergreen Trees. Clematises —
Again. Roses for Town Gardens. Why Roses fail. The
Hardiest Roses. Rose varieties for the Suburbs. Shrubs
for Suburban Gardens.
E have already considered how to plant |
trees, with roots spread out on all sides
when possible, with fine soil pressed among the roots,
adequately staked and trodden firm. These rules
apply to roses, shrubs, and large plants, as well as
to limes, oaks, beeches, etc.
It is not much use to try to get flowering trees,
such as lilacs, laburnums, and hawthorns, to grow in
the core of a city, but of course they will flourish
so in such cathedral and inland health-resort towns
as Worcester, Bath, etc. etc., and in the suburbs of
London and Midland towns they will be almost
certain to thrive.
Generally speaking, deciduous trees are planted
from October to April, and evergreens in September
or April.
The plane-tree is the safest to use to make a screen
before overlooking windows, though Lombardy
poplars, chestnuts and limes are often satisfactory.
108
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ROSES, TREES, SHRUBS, ETC. 109g
The best plan is to consult a local nurseryman
when tall trees are required, that advice may be had
as to the species likely to do well in the particular
neighbourhood. |
For ornament, in a garden plot, a Monkey
Puzzler, Tulip Tree, Catalpa, or Robinia will
assuredly please.
The ‘ tree of heaven’ (Ailanthus glandulosa) has
lovely foliage, Japanese maples show vivid hues in
their wonderful leaves, the Uhlan magnolia bursts
into splendid flower before winter is really past,
the white pyramidal almond is scarcely known, the
loveliness of the fern-leaved beech requires to be
seen to be believed, and crategus altaica is a
hawthorn with big white blooms, that are followed
by fruits as big as rose-heps.
But, I repeat, nurserymen should be asked to
advise. I have seen ail the above trees doing
excellently within a couple of miles of Baker Street
Station, and delighted in discovering magnificent
house draperies of white clematis montana in
earliest summer, purple clematis Jackmanii in
late summer, and the cultivated ‘ traveller’s joy’
(Clematis vitalba), giving its masses of fluffy seed-
vessels in late autumn as lavishly as if in a Devon-
shire lane.
Roses can be grown in open gardens, away from
drip of trees, even where walls are high, for pruning
partly discounts the ‘ drawing-up ’ influence of those
walls. No doubt roses could be successful in dozens
of town gardens where they have been tried and
called failures, if their-stems and leaves were washed
once a week, except in the very extreme of wintry
weather. It is the soot and chemical deposit that
kills or turns trees sick.
r1r0 TOWN GARDENING
Another usual death-blow to a rose is to leave it
for weeks together in unhoed ground. This truth
has been told so often that I despair of impressing
it upon the careless gardener ; but if the man who
really loves his garden, and the woman who particu-
larly loves roses, will only read, believe, and practise
the art of hoeing faithfully, I am happy to know
that beautiful baskets of fine rose-blooms and a
comforting outdoor display will result.
The right rose-trees must be obtained. While
hosts of varieties will thrive in suburbs, even in
fairly airy places between the suburbs and the core
of great cities, as may be seen in parks, only the
hardiest will look healthy and bear well in shut-in .
plots.
The following are a good representative dozen :—
CAROLINE TeEstouT. Pink.
Hybrid Tea.
J.B.Crark. Velvety scarlet-
cvimson. Hybrid Tea.
Mrs. JoHN Laine. Pink.
Hybrid Perpetual.
GLOIRE DE Dijon. Yeilow-
buff. Tea.
HucuH DIckKSoON. Vivid
crimson. Hybrid Perpe-
tual.
Frau Kart DRUSCHKI.
White. Hybrid Perpetual
(Now foolishly renamed as
Snow Queen or White Em-
~ MADAME RAVARY.
press, according to local
vendor’s fancy).
MADAME ABEL CHATENAY.
Salmon pink. Hybrid Tea.
Ovange-
yellow. Hybrid Tea.
La Tosca. Salmon flesh.
Hybrid Tea.
ULRICH BRUNNER.
Hybrid Perpetual.
BARONESS ROTHSCHILD.
Blush-rose. Hybrid Per-
petual.
JoHN Hopper. Deep rose.
Hybrid Perpetual.
Cherry.
There are also suitable roses in other classes,
Such 2s
Rosa Rucosa ‘ RUBRA.’
Magenta -vose, single,
followed by large fruits.
Forms great bushes.
RosA RuGcosA ALBA.
Single. White.
JESSIE. Cherry-crimson.
Miniature polyantha,
5 ae
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ae
ROSES, TREES,
MA PAQUERETTE. White.
Miniature polyantha.
Mrs. Cutsusu. Deep pink.
Miniature polyantha.
CoMMON PINK CHINA, or
MontTHLY ROSE.
CoMMON CABBAGE’ ROSE.
Pink. .
SHRUBS, ETC. III
MAIDEN’s BLUSH.
CRIMSON DAMASK.
PIMPINELLIFOLIA. Blush
white. Single, with very
thorny stems. Can be
kept cut as a low hedge ;
known also as the Burnet,
ov Single Scots Rose.
For climbing roses, Chapter XX should be
consulted.
Other rose varieties likely to succeed in the
suburbs include :—
SOUVENIR DE PIERRE
Nottinc. Apricot - gold.
Tea.
INDEPENDENCE Day.
Flame-and-apricot. Hybrid
Tea.
KinG GEorGE V. Blackish
cavrmine. Hybrid Tea.
HENRIETTA. Ovange-
crimson, fading to salmon.
Hybrid Tea.
CHRISTINE. Golden
yellow. Hybrid Tea.
CAPTAIN HAaywarp. Scarlet-
crimson. Hybrid Perpetual.
Needs rich ground.
DUKE OF EDINBURGH. Like
scarlet velvet, but must be
very little pruned, only
tipped, and thinned out as
to branches. Hybrid Per-
petual.
HER Majesty. Enormous
vose pink. Hybrid Per-
petual.
His Majesty. Large, dark
crimson. Very fragrant.
Hybrid Tea.
Amy kRogssart. Hybrid
sweet briav; large deep
vyose flowers.
Shrubs for suburban gardens are plentiful, but
this is a list of some of the best :—
BERBERIS STENOPHYLLA.
Gold.
BERBERIS DARWINII.
Orange.
BUDDLEIA VEITCHIANA.
Deep heliotrope-purple.
SIBERIAN Pera _ (Caragana
arborescens). Yellow.
£
ay
BLADDER SENNA (Colutea
arborescens). Yellow
flowers, and fine ved-brown
seed-vessels,
GOLDEN Privet (Ligustrum
aureum).
CoTONEASTER FRANCHETTA.
Ovange berries.
< aA een ye er ee Sl 4 eS
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112 TOWN GARDENING _ er.
COTONEASTER ACUTUM. JAPANESE CHERRY (Prunus
Autumn tinted.
ATRIPLEX Hatimus. Purple.
BaccHus TREE (Azara
Baccharis patagonica).
Evergreen.
DAPHNE MEZEREON. Jose.
DevuTziA GrRaciLis. White.
EUONYMUS BUXIFOLIUS.
Evergreen. Dwarf.
EvonymMus JAPONICUS
RADICANS. Evergreen.
Quick growing.
EvonymMus JAPONICUS
ARGENTEA VARIEGATA.
Variegated silver.
EvonymMus JAPONICUS
AUREA VARIEGATA.
Variegated gold.
Mock ORANGE, Called
SyrInGA _(Philadelphus
coronarius). White.
MockK ORANGE, Called
SyrincA = (Philadelphus
lemoinei avalanche).
japonica). White, also vose.
HarDY RHODODENDRONS.
All colours. Must not
encounter lime in the soil.
And will not bloom unless
the previous year’s flowers
weve picked off as soon as
faded.
AMERICAN CURRANT (Ribes
sanguineum). Mose.
SpirzA AITCHISONI. White.
VERONICA BUXIFOLIA.
White.
VERONICA
(Autumn Glory).
purple.
Yucca. Aloe-like giant.
WEIGELA AMABILIS. In
sunny gardens these beauti-
ful vose ved ov white flower-
ing shrubs should succeed ;
also another species,
WEIGELA SPLENDENS.~
Maroon leaves, yellow
flowers. :
HYBRIDA
Blue-
SHSON AO aaa Vv
OJOY,
: :
:
.
CHAPTER XVI
THE HARDIEST PERENNIALS AND
BIENNIALS
Making Special Displays. German Irises. Phloxes, Michelmas
Daisies. Biennials. Hardy Plants in Pots. Oriental and
Iceland Poppies. Lupins and Hybrid Pyrethrums.
E have already thought out which hardy
perennials are likely to thrive, either in
city gardens or the happier ones on city outskirts,
but attention has to be called to the manner in
which we can use some to obtain quite remarkable
effects.
AROON ; BLUSH “SPURPLE TALL * 1MSON PAEO 3 CRIMSON TALLIC AR MIN E
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rary: 2 Lox. $ NK een asc ; “DAISY...
i onent Pe “oeananlee = PHEOX Fi a
A BORDER OF WARM COLOUR.
As a rule, if a garden-owner has discovered that a
particular perennial (herbaceous plant) will flower
well year after year with him, he tries to find others
that will be as complaisant, and there he makes a
133 H
II4 TOWN GARDENING
mistake. If he specialized in that plant, instead of
experimenting with others, he would create a really
remarkabie garden.
Take the German iris for an example. It is so
often found doing excellently, giving its rich violet-
purple flag flowers without much encouragement,
until at last it is choked by its luxuriance, stifled
by its own offspring, so can only make leaves and
smaller, weaker ones each year. Now there are
dozens of florists’ varieties of the German iris that
the average town-dweller has never even seen, just
as easy to cultivate, just as complaisant. The
colours range from black-indigo, through wondrous
blues, to pale lavender and white ; from deep crimson,
terra-cottabrown, to bronze-gold, clear yellow and
cream; there are mauves flushed with red, and
whites that blush with rose or peach. Let him send
to some great firm for a collection of different sorts,
plant them in deeply dug and well-manured borders,
in sun or semi-shade (reserving the quite shady
borders for the ordinary violet and the red-purple),
nine inches to a foot apart, and then keep the surface
ground hoed over, give water when necessary from
April to September, and the reward will be speedy.
As soon as the irises have formed a thicket they
should be lifted, chopped into portions and replanted,
either elsewhere or in the same border after it has
been re-manured. Of course liquid manure and
soot-water help the plants when their buds are
forming, and a November mulch keeps them com-
fortable during winter, but this should be of manure
with loam.
The hardy summer and autumn blooming phingcs
are glorious plants for town gardens, and if a long
border or a big bed is given up to them their display
;
:
PERENNIALS AND BIENNIALS © 118
will be considered marvellous, whereas a phlox or
two in a mixed border will not excite much atten-
tion. They must have rich soil and be hoed round
constantly, but really they are most robust. They
prefer semi-shade.
A town garden all hollyhocks, daffodils, and pinks
would be attractive from spring till autumn. If
there were spaces where some pot chrysanthemums
could be turned out each August the floral display
would continue until November, possibly later.
Michaelmas daisies are astoundingly various.
There are some almost like tall white heather, some
nearly six feet high, with deep rose flowers, some
that have big single starry blooms, others that have
minute blossom set all along drooping or erect
stems. The smaller growing sorts are not as robust
as the giants, but there are few, if any, that would
not embellish the ordinary town garden, if given
some sunshine, enough food and drink, and hoe-
ventilated soil.
The entire families of the various herbaceous
species that will live should be represented, to
produce notable results. Mixed borders are all
very well, but specializing commands far more
praise. Plants that should be chosen for this really
representative kind of cultivation include del-
phiniums, golden rods, campanulas, lilies, carnations,
sunflowers, and peonies. |
In a lesser degree full shows might be made of
Japanese anemones, the Shasta or Ox-eye daisies
(Chrysanthemum maximum), day-lilies, pansies,
potentillas and alum-roots (Heucheras).
Then there are families of plants that include
distant kinsfolk, as when the common primrose is
accompanied by polyanthuses, coloured and yellow
6 TOWN GARDENING
cowslips and auriculas, or dianthuses are represented
by spring’s alpine pinks, Japanese pinks in summer,
by carnations and sweet-williams and the common
and the florist’s pinks.
Many biennials that seed themselves are splendid
for making borders gay, and it is a good plan to
mulch these borders with finely-chopped old manure
and soil each early November, so that the seedlings are
protected. There are foxgloves, hollyhocks, sweet-
williams, honesty, sweet rocket, and ee
bells. These seldom die out of gardens.
Hardy plants are often most successful in pots.
If there is no garden, only stone courts, areas, or
roof-tops, the town-dweller can buy medium tall
perennials in October or November, pot them up,
sink the pots in a deep bed of cinders out in the air,
mulch over the tops of all with really old manure,
and he will see growth sprouting forth in earliest
spring, just as though his plants were in beds or
borders.
After-culture is simple: lime scattered often
among the pots will keep enemies away ; repotting
can be done when the pots are too full of roots;
watering must be systematically carried out, also
syringings, some weak liquid manures (and soot-
water once or twice) should be given when buds are
formed, not before ; some staking and tying will be
required. Blossoming plants can be used to adorn
rooms for a few days at a time, then be stood out
again in the air.
Alum-roots (Heucheras), Michaelmas daisies of —
medium growth, peonies, doronicums, snapdragons,
sweet-williams, peach-leaved campanulas, Canter-
bury bells, the foam flower (Tiarella cordifolia),
spiderworts (Tradescantias), veronicas, pansies,
PERENNIALS AND BIENNIALS = 117
phloxes, and fleabanes (Erigerons) can be recom-
, mended.
There are certain plants that will flourish grandly
for a year or so—perhaps only one season—then die
out of some town gardens. I have known. this
i happen with the grand Oriental poppies and the
% Iceland poppies.
Lupins and hybrid pyrethrums I have not advised
for gardens, because insects seldom let them live.
But for protected pot culture they are delightful.
ra So too are columbines.
CHAPTER XVII
FINE WINTER EFFECTS
Paved Gardens. Dutch or Formal Gardens. Dwarf Shrubs.
Winter Flowering Plants, Bulbs, etc. ‘Everlasting’ Flower
and Seed Sprays. How to Dry Them.
HEN the town gardener has become
sufficiently experienced to be able to look
back on a creditable summer, spring, and autumn
display, he will naturally worry if his home appears
dull during winter. Happily there are several
things he can do—or choose between doing—to
make the drear months decorative.
Let me begin by saying that money is well spent
in paving a little front garden. Gravel or grass
have their own charm, yet pavement, of the simple
grey flagstone sort, or sunk dull red bricks, is
always clean, or, at least, can be kept so with the
minimum of trouble, and shows off every atom
of flower, incidentally of leaf, as nothing else can
do. Tiled paths with patterns in the tiles and crude
colours are detestable. Many a town mansion
would be marvellously improved by having the
tiled walk, from gate to steps, exchanged for one of
old flagstones.
Then sunk beds can be had in a paved garden,
118
FINE WINTER EFFECTS 11g
and plants thrive excellently just below the ground
level, escaping many frosts. There may be a sunk
pool, if desired, and a raised plateau, up steps, for
a sundial if there is sun exposure, or for a handsome
stone urn otherwise. Of course, a fountain is
permissible! There might be a stone balustrade
along the verandah, with stone ‘ baskets’ on it at
intervals.
A few winter flowering plants will create a
sensation in a front garden in a town. There really
are a number of reliable beauties, such as the
following, some of which have been mentioned in
other chapters :—
WINTER HELIOTROPE. These all begin blooming in
(Usually known as Tussi-
lago fragrans). Medium-
tall hardy perennial, with
loose spikes of minute lilac
bloom im November and
December. Very sweet.
Plant in March, in semi-
shade, or, if in full sun-
shine, preserve from
drought. Rich soil, or give
mulch each October.
JAPANESE QUINCE (Pyrus,
or Cydonia japonica). The
popular wall shrub, with
scarlet bloom shaped like
apple-blossom. Will
succeed as a hedge in many
gardens.
Pyrus or CyDONIA RUBRA
GRANDIFLORA. Scarlet. An
evect stvong shrub.
Pyrus or CyDONIA MAULEI.
A dwarf species most useful
for urns oy tubs. Brick
ved, ov terva-cotia flowers.
March, tf not earlier. Plant
them in October ov Febru-
ary, the roots of the larger
species six inches below
ground.
JAPANESE GOLDEN BALL
TREE (Forsythia sus-
pensa).
~
FSM EE
A ROCKERIED MOUND.
A Iceland poppies. Ki Gold Pansy.
B Pansies, ; L Dwarf red chrysanthemum,
C Arabis alpina. M Anchusa italica. x
D White pinks. N Iberis sempervirens.
E Pink sweet-williams, O Blue lungwort.
F Sedum spectabile. P Geranium Endressi,
G Colchicums. Q Mauve rock cress.
H Crimson clove carnations, R Orange hawkweed.
I White clove carnations. S Blue hepatica,
J Linaria dalmatica.
deep for giants. Care must be taken that no stones
or rock slabs obstruct the way of roots. All should
be kept on a slant, so that rain can run off after
the ground is sufficiently soaked. Avoid uniformity
of height. Employ tall and long rocks, short and
long, broad and narrow, and of a great diversity
TIVM AHL NO SVILAYENV
AQ]P OUT
ROCK GARDENING 145
of size. Place some pairs slanting away from each
other ; place other pairs leant together to touch
their tips. Let there be similar diversity in the
size of plants. Three-inch, or even two-inch high
alpines have their worth, for growing in scarcely
any soil in basin-hollows of large slabs of rock,
where colour sheets will have real charm. A few
lofty plants, such as_ red-hot pokers and golden
rods, will prevent a monotonous appearance.
A rockery all for bulbous plants would be a novel
feature for a garden : ranunculuses, Spanish, English,
and other irises, montbretias, allium moly, yellow,
the summer snowflake (Leucojum estivum), Turk’s
cap lilies, and Madonna lilies could furnish it from
May to October, when the Caffre flag (Schizostylis),
meadow-saffrons, and the autumn-flowering cro-
cuses, crocus ochroleucus, cream-and-orange ; C.,
pulchellus, lavender, blue-and-orange ; C. speciosus,
violet-blue ; C. sativus, yellow-and-violet, could fill
a gap till winter crocuses, winter heliotrope, snow-
drops, Christmas roses (in shady nooks), and the
azure iris alata, would rise from the stones.
CHAPTER XXIII
A NUMBER OF NOVEL SUGGESTIONS
Blue, Gold, other Self-coloured Gardens. Suiting Flower Colours © i
to House Colours. Climbers for Balconies without Pillars.
Dahlia Gardens. Various Novel Gardens. Wild-flower
Culture. Rare Plants. Making Use of Attics.
REMEMBER a front garden in a Kensington road
that was always called ‘ the blue garden,’ and
had become a noted feature of the neighbourhood.
Massing plants that all have flowers of one colour
is a simple expedient for engaging the attention
that is sure to include praise. We can fancy the
cheering, sunshiny effect of an all-gold garden, in
front of a dull grey house, maybe, and with plenty
of dark evergreen shrubs to show up the blossoms.
Personally I should vote for edgings entirely of box
or London pride. If the site is not too draughty
for golden privet, plenty of those shrubs alone, with — |
golden rod, yellow violas, wallflowers, a few sunk
pot chrysanthemums, and common stonecrop, will
have a sufficiently sunshiny appearance to make
the heart leap, on the greyest day. Elders are not —
averse to smoke, and the golden elder is always
a joy to witness.
A house that is painted cream or ochre is the ~
146
NOVEL SUGGESTIONS 147
harmonious background to all violet flowers ; a house
of the ugly dun hue too often found in London and
other cities, needs flame-salmon and scarlet; a
house of new red brick is always suited by white,
blue, or pale yellow; old red brick tones with all
_ colours but rose pinks and carmine, which last
colours will go with grey, but are most satisfactory
_ with cream or white. It is an admirable plan to
paint houses quite pale greens, when floral adorn-
ments are in prospect.
Some houses have balconies that are not supported
by pillars. In order to induce climbers to mount
to them quickly, to be trained along the railings or
stone balustrades, clematises, jasmine, hops, roses,
etc., can be planted some distance out in the garden
below, and trained to stout string, or bamboo poles
latticed between by string, slanted inwards up to
the balcony platform. When there are open railings
to balconies or porch-tops, overhanging vegetation
should be a feature : ivy-leaved geraniums are
frequently seen; canary creeper, the common
climbing nasturtium, represented in its countless
‘self’ colours and blends, climbing convolvulus
major also, the purple bellflower (Cobea scandens)
are other plants that will blossom hanging down.
A rare show can be gained by cultivating the
trailing fuchsia (Fuchsia procumbens), seven plants
in a nine-inch pot of good soil, either sowing it in
heat in March or buying young plants in May.
The pendant trails are often twelve feet long, and,
though leaves and the many tinted fairy-lantern
blossoms are small, the latter will give place to cerise
‘ cherries ’ that are highly decorative.
_Dahlias are most accommodating town flowers,
and it is a comfort to grow something that is lifted,
148 TOWN GARDENING
and housed safely in dry bulb state, during winter.
By combining single, single cactus, the symmetrical
ball-headed show species, cactus, decorative, pom-
pone, and Tom Thumb kinds, great diversity of
heights is obtained. Dahlias may follow a display
of hyacinths and tulips, that are also lifted, while
turban ranunculuses and Spanish irises would give
bloom in between the spring and late summer.
A large round bed on a square of gravel, or plot
' of turf, becomes less troublesome to adorn if a
fencing of painted trellis-work or painted wire-netting
encircles it to the height of a yard, or rather more,
and a clematis montana grandiflora is planted at
one side, a clematis Jackmanii at the other, then
trained round it. Merely single dahlias, or golden
rods, hollyhocks, delphiniums, tall snapdragons, or
pampas grass, with a ring of standard geraniums
or fuchsias about the clump, would furnish the
inner space.
I have just. seen a novel small front garden in
Kilburn. The grass-plot had a ring of big, nearly
square stone blocks, set with corners touching,
right on the grass, with a plant of St. John’s wort
behind each, spraying over the grey rock. Grass
showed inside, and then there rose a weeping
_ standard of the climbing polyantha rose, Hia-
watha, crimson, white-centred, for middle height.
The turf had been newly clipped, and the old
picturesque rocks showed up excellently.
Perhaps the easiest bed to manage is one of
mixed dwarf polyantha roses, carpeted by varie-
gated arabis. These roses need no scientific pruning, —
but to be just tipped, made symmetrical, and
cleared of many of their too thick inner branches each
early April; and this kind of arabis maintains a~
- NOVEL SUGGESTIONS 149
tidy growth, so requires only to have its dead
blossom cut off.
Wild-flower culture is possible in a town, and
there is certainly pleasure to be derived from
associating field daisies, poppies, devil’s-bit scabious,
the blue cornflowers called ‘ blue-bottles,’ now so
rare in fields, with oats, meadow-sweet, spotted
foxgloves, golden broom and_ gorse, brambles,
traveller’s joy, and dog-roses. Honeysuckle is not
likely to live, but every gardener should be eager
to experiment ; primroses will increase and multiply,
of course, and bracken-fern has a noble effect and
becomes gorgeously autumn-tinted.
A front garden may be of pavement, rockeries,
a sunk pool (preferably fed generally by rain-water,
with an overflow into a drain), and planted all
with hardy ferns, slow-growing, creeping, or erect
ivies, a few Solomon’s seals and foxgloves.
A garden, tree-shaded, with a cold aspect, in a
London street, was once made pretty by having a
stone pedestal with vase planted only with ivy in
_ the centre of a bed given up to periwinkle and
quite small shrubs of gold-variegated euonymus.
The triumph was the reward of careful tending,
for the shrubs were always clipped perfectly neat,
stood in rows a yard from each other, jutting out
from the pedestal-like spokes of a wheel; and the
periwinkle was kept pegged down evenly to cover
the intervening wedge-shaped spaces.
Take some rare plant for a hobby favourite, and
mass it, is one meritorious suggestion. There is
a ‘blue rambler’ rose, called Veilchenblau, that
will live in a town. Plant it wherever it can be
accommodated, give it dead trees, tree trunks,
poles, pillars of the verandah, arches, trellis gates,
150 TOWN GARDENING
porch sides, or railings to adorn. Plant some
trees of it on bank summits, and let it trail. The
colour is ‘steel,’ not true blue, but quite blue
enough to astound people, and it is not costly. |
If delphiniums will live, leave the blues alone for ~
once, and mass the purple and mauve varieties.
If Oriental poppies will, avoid the scarlet, and have
as many plants as possible of the salmon pink.
Go in for violet perennial phloxes, violet wall-
flowers, violet tulips, or for ‘ray’ or ostrich-feather
China asters, cup-and-saucer pink Canterbury bells,
rosy-red Michaelmas daisies, yellow snapdragons, ~
orange-scarlet cowslips, black pansies, the new red
gaillardia-flowered annual sunflower, the primrose
fig-leaved hollyhock, striped sweet-peas, green
pompone dahlias, or pink violas. In short, be
always on the watch for a beautiful or quaint
rarity ; then obtain sufficient to make a sensational
display of it.
Grow flowers where neighbours do not grow
theirs, if possible. Have a portion, at least, of
an attic glass roofed, with windows to open like
a greenhouse, and turn it into a home for spring
bulbous flowers, then for some palms, cacti, cras-
sulas, eucalyptuses, etc. ; later for chrysanthemums.
A charming fern-house can be made in a glass-
roofed attic on the shady side of a town mansion, __
CHAPTER XXIV
- DAILY ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE
WORK
BTAIN ingredients for potting and_seed-
aes O sowing compost, and clean pots, pans, boxes,
_ ¢tc. Prepare crocks for drainage by breaking up
broken flower-pots and passing the pieces through
wire sieves, keeping large, medium, and very small
crocks separate.
Prepare ground for sweet-peas. Manure and dig
beds and borders that are vacant. On wet days
see if the tiffany sheets or greenhouse blinds need
mending. ~
Order seeds and plants in good time. Thin out
overcrowded shrubberies or remove shrubs that are
failing through being below tall trees.
Fumigate greenhouses.
Clean out frames. Scatter carbolic liquid be-
neath frames, which should always be slightly
raised on bricks, if with flooring. Frame sides
and ‘lights’ put over beds will rot unless painted
with tar just where the wood presses on the earth.
Surround pot plants or seed-boxes in frames
with a few inches of sharp cinders. Begin to lay
leaf traps for slugs, and go out to examine them
at nightfall.
151
152 TOWN GARDENING
SPECIAL WORK FOR FEBRUARY
Examine foliage of all large-leaved pot plants,
and the shoots of liliums, to ‘see if any green-fly
is upon them. If so, sponge with water made
lathery with carbolic soap, and wash off half a day
later.
Buy a blossoming laurestinus shrub for window -
by day and for the dinner-table by night, for the
scent will be delightful. Stand the shrub out of
doors during summer.
Old fuchsias may be started. Repot them, using ~
turf-loam, leaf-mould, and a little sand, but use
pots the same size, or rather smaller, after cutting
away any diseased or dead roots. There is no need
to try to preserve the lower half of each ball of
soil when turning the old plants out of their pots.
Put them in a greenhouse, where the temperature
is 60° or more, or place inside a south window,
and keep watered and sprinkled. They may be
cut into shape at the same time.
Perennials in the garden can be divided and re-
planted, if they are hardy sorts and the weather
permits.
If any pot plants become frozen, shut them in
a dark cupboard for a day to thaw, after sprinkling
them with cold water. ,
SPECIAL WORK FOR MARCH
Prune old pot geraniums into shape, and use
the parts removed as cuttings. Cut them just
below a slightly woody bit of stem, if possible.
Insert a third of the length in very sandy loam,
press in firmly, stand close to glass, keep the soil
from drying up, but do not water much.
ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE WORK 153
Scatter finely-chopped decayed horse manure
evenly over lawns, grass edgings, etc. Sweep the
grass in a week’s time if there have been rainfalls
to wash the goodness in, if not, bear with the
unsightliness a little longer.
Many mulches have to be given in March, in
accordance with instructions in previous chapters ;
rose-trees and flowering shurbs must not be
forgotten.
Prune the very hardiest roses at the end of the
month. Wall climbers (other than Banksian yellow
and Banksian white, which must not be touched
till they have bloomed) are to be dealt with first.
_ Merely tip the shoots, and remove overcrowding
boughs and weak little twiggy growth. Rambler
roses can be tipped and thinned out. Hardy
perpetual standard and bush roses ought to be
pruned by an expert, but the general rule is to
limit the number of chief boughs, removing the weak
ones, and then cut the shoots from those boughs
back to within six to twelve inches of the main
stem ; some immense old bushes would be spoilt,
for garden effect, if reduced too much.
Many rose-trees in borders can have some of
their long young branches stretched out on each
/ ; dS
OLD ROSE-TREE TRAINED TO ESPALIER,
154 TOWN GARDENING
side to espalier supports, thus making a kind of
hedge and leaving the centre branches ample
space.
This is a fit month for planting roses.
Plant hardy perennials.
Divide and remake edgings of double daisies
(Bellis perennis), London pride, thrift, etc.
Start fern-balls into growth by soaking them
very thoroughly and hanging them in warm positions
against glass.
SPECIAL WORK FOR APRIL
Plant ivies. The best way is to stretch the new
plant along the surface of the soil against the wall
or fence, and peg it down here and there. A
climber so treated will actually get up the wall
faster then if it had been nailed up it at once.
Repot ferns and all other plants that need it.
Sow pots with hardy annuals ; sow hardy annuals
out of doors ; sow pans, boxes, and pots of half-
hardy annuals and perennials, placing receptacles
in greenhouse, frames, or windows. Fill window-
boxes with soil eae, to plant with ‘summer stuff’
in May.
Sow grass seed or toy turves.
Sow sweet-peas out of doors.
Top-dress the herbaceous border and shrubberies. __
Lawn-mowing will have to be done when the grass
is not too wet. Sweepings and rollings should be
frequent.
Plant carnations, clematises, Virginia creepers,
jasmines, Japanese honeysuckles, if desired. Make
new violet beds.
Aralias and palms are only to be repotted when
ROUTINE AND SEASONABLE WORK 155
roots are showing at the base of pots, or when the
balls of soil are found to be closely matted with
roots. To ascertain this, the fingers should press
the crocks upwards, through the drainage hole
(after the plant has been watered by immersion
in tepid water up to the pot’s rim), till the whole
balls of soil will move, and slip out into the palm
of one hand, or on to the knee in the case of a
giant specimen. It would not be possible to move
a plant out in this fashion while dry; the tepid
water loosens the roots’ hold on the sides of the
pottery. If the palm does not need repotting it
should be gently lowered back into the same pot
and top-dressed with a little fresh compost. The
florist will supply proper compost for palms,
or the gardener may use equal parts of fresh loam
and peat, with a sixth part of silver sand.
Plants of all sorts should be thoroughly watered,
then left to partially dry, before they are repotted.
Palms, aralias, aspidistras, castor-oil plants, etc.,
often go brown at the tips. This is a sign that
some roots are partly diseased, owing to sourness
of soil. It is advisable to repot, but to use as small
a fresh pot, or one a size smaller, if possible. As
a rule, these plants, excepting aralias, only need
repotting every third year, but disease renders a
shift essential.
Ivy should be trimmed on walls and fences,
Prune clematis Jackmanii by shortening last
year’s shoots two-thirds of their length.
_ Sponge all large, shiny-leaved pot plants, including
palms and aspidistras, with tepid milk and water,
to give the leaves a gloss.
Repot cacti, when absolutely necessary, giving
only a very little more room. Use a compost of
~
156 TOWN GARDENING
two parts loam, half a part of old chopped cow
manure, half a part of coarse sand, half a part of
crushed mortar or white bricks.
Sow mignonette in pots or window-boxes. It
seldom succeeds in real town-garden borders. Add
a quarter part of crushed mortar to the ordinary
loam, leaf-mould, and sand compost; or builder’s
lime, a dessertspoonful to a pint, will do instead.
Now is the time to remove some buds from rose-
trees, in order that others may grow into fine blooms.
Keep suckers removed from the base of rose-trees,
but take care that they ave briar-growth, not new
shoots of the roses. There are sc many different
“stocks ’’ used now that no rules can be laid down
absolutely as to how to recognize suckers from the
briar ; however, the leaves are generally a great
deal more toothed than those of the rose, and are
a different shade, so the careful gardener will learn
to discriminate. Syringe rose-trees with a solution
of four ounces of quassia chips in a gallon of soft
water; after it has stood' for a day the addition
of two ounces of soft-soap, and two more gallons of
water, is excellent for a second syringing, a week
later: Always syringe with plain water twelve hours
or so after using any insecticide.
INDEX
7Ethionema grandiflora, 77
Ageratums, 22
Alpine phloxes, 24
Alum roots, 66
American currant, 21
Ampelopsis, 135
Andrew’s broom, 78
Ants, 93
Arabis, 66
Arches, 31
Artificial beds and_ borders,
27-8
Atriplex halimus, 21
Avens, 24
Barbary ragwort, 77
Barrels, 29-30
Baskets, 30-1
Bedding pansies, 25
Bell flowers, 23, 66
Berberis thunbergii, 21
Biennials, 116
Birds, 16
Blackberry, 137
Bleeding-heart flower, 81
Blue gum, 81
_ Boxes for plants, 28
Bridal wreath, 81
Brittle bladder fern, 66
Broom, 136
Bugle, 20, 67, 81, 101
Bulbs, 21, 25, 39
Buttercup, 24
Caffre flag, 100
Calvary clover, 77
Canadian moonseed, 135
Carnations, 140-1
Cat mint, 24
Cat’s ear, 67
Cats, 86
Chamomile, 23
Charcoal, 15-16
Chinese lantern plant, 122
Christmas roses, 120
Chrysanthemums, 23, 79
Cinquefoils, 24
Clematises, 136
Climbers, 135-8
Climbing knotweed, 47
Coco-nut fibre, 35
Compost, 28, 34-5, 42-4
Cone flowers, 24
Cream broom, 78
Creeping Jenny, 20, 66
“ Crocking,’’ 29
Crocuses, I02, 120
Crown imperials, 97
Cuttings, 44
Dactylis, 77
Daffodils, 99
Dahlhias, 147-8
Day lilies, 24
Delphiniums, 150
Draughts, 16, 75
Drip from trees, 21
157
158
Escallonia, 137
Euonymus, 135, 137
Evening primroses, 24
“ Everlastings,’’ 131
Feathered cockscombs, 81
Fire thorn, 136
Fleabane, 24
Foam flower, 67
Foxgloves, 20
Freesias, 56
Fumitory, 20
Fuchsias, 55, 147, 152
Geranium, 66
German iris, 114
Ghent azaleas, 78
Gladwin iris, 122
Glasshouses, 51
— plants for, 25
Globe thistle, 122
Goat’s beard, 20
Gold dust, 23, 66
Golden rod, 20
Grasses, 132
Green-fly, 50
Harlequin flower, 100
Hawkweed, 66
Helen flower, 24, 71
Hepaticas, 120
Hoeing, 104~5
Holly fern, 66
Hollyhocks, 24
Honesty, 122
Hop, 136
Humea elegans, 81
Hyacinths, 96, 102
Hypericum, 66
Iceland poppies, 24
Insecticides, 37
Iris, 20, 97, 114, 120
Ivy, 135-7
Japanese anemone, 20
Japanese golden ball
I19, 137
tree,
INDEX Ree pre
Japanese honeysuckle, I19, — 4
136-7 ee
— quince, 78, 119, 136 ire.
-— wineberry, 136 © oe ee
Jerusalem sage, 24 2 ee ae ae
Kenilworth ivy, 66
Kidney vetch, 67 : iS
Knapweed, 23 if
Knotweed, 120
Lambs’ wool, 67
Larkspurs, perennial, 23
Lawns, 49-50 eae
Leek, 67 CSS aeees
Leopard’s bane, 20 ay ees
Lilies-of-the-valley; 141
Lily, 98
Lime, 33-4
Lithospermum prostratum, 66
Lobelia erinus, 66
London pride, 20, 66 E
Loosestrife, 20 = eae
Lungwort, 20
Lyre flower, 20
Madonna lily, 98
Magnolia grandiflora, 137
Manure, 33-4, 36, 85
Mice, 93 cs
Michaelmas daisies, 20, I15
Mignonette, 55
. Mildew, 89 = ecw:
Mock maidenhair, 67
Mock orange, 21
Monkey flower, 20
Monkshood, 20
Montbretias, 102
Mother of thousands, 81
Mountain-sweet, 137
Myrtle, 78
Oleander, 15 a Pe
Orange daisy, 24 eee te:
Oriental poppy, 24 Sa eee
Oxalis, 66 as eee tac
Oxeye, 20, 23 . mae
INDEX
-Peonies, 24, 107
Painting woodwork, g1
Pampas grass, 122
Pansies, 22, 25
Parsley fern, 66
Paths, 49
Perennial candytuft, 66
- Perennials, 19-21, 23-5
Periwinkle, 20
_ Phacelia campanularia, §1
Pillars, 31
Plantain lily, 20, 66
Planting, 39
Plants, bedding, 21
Plants for inside rooms, 78
Plants for window-boxes, 72
_ Plants, pot, out of doors, 72
Plants that live all the year
round, I9—21
Plants that will
shade, 20-—1
_ Plants to grow in pots, 81
Plumbago larpente, 77_
Polyanthuses, 24
Polypodium, 66
Pots on steps, 70-1
Potting, 40
Primrose, 20
Primula malacoides, 77
Primula stellata, 81
- Purple rock cress, 23
_ Pyrus, 119
thrive in
Queen of saxifrages, 81
Ragwort, 25
Rain-water, 84
Red-hot poker, 24, 120
_Replanting, 61
Rock cress, 23
_— purslane, 23
— roses, 78
_. Rockeries, 31, 142-5
Roof-top gardens, 54
Roots, 40 ~°
Rose of Sharon, 20
Roses, 28, 109-11, 136-7
159
St. John’s wort, 20, 77
Salix purpurea Nana, 21
Sandwort, 67
Saxifraga, 24, 62, 66, 77
Scarlet wind-flower, 101
Schizanthuses, 81
Sea holly, 122
Sea lavender, 122
Seats, 83-4
Sedum ewersii, 77
Seeds, 42-8
Sempervivum arachnoideum,
77
Siberian squill, 100
Slugs, 51
Snow-in-summer, 66
Soil, preparing, 32-37
— sour, 14-15
Solomon’s seal, 20, 81, 100
Soot, 16
Sowing, 42-8
Speedwell, 25, 67
Spiderswort, 25
Spirea, 81
Spleenwort, 66
Spray bush, 21
Spraying, 16
Spring snowflake, 95
Star of Bethlehem, 102
Starworts, 23
Statices bonduelli, 81
Stonecrops, 24, 25, 66
Summer snowflake, 95
Sun roses, 77
Sunflowers, 24
Sweet daphne, 78, 120 |
Syringe, 16, 156
Tassel flower, 81
Temperature, 76
Tents, 85
Thrift, 23, 67
Tiger flower, 101
Toad flax, 24
Tobacco plants, 22, 81
Tools, 36
Tortoises, 85-6
160
Trailing snapdragon, 67
Traveller’s joy, 136
Trees, drip from, 21
Trifolium, 67
Tulips, 96-7
Turban ranunculuses, 100
Tying, wool for, 41
Valerian, 23
Veronica, 21
Violet bells, 20
Violets, 139
Virginian creeper, 14, 137
Virgin’s bower, 137
Watering, 15, 43-4
INDEX
White broom, 78
White jasmine, 136
Window-boxes, 30, 63, 106
Winter aconite, 101
Winter flowering plants, 119-
20
Winter heliotrope, 119
Wistaria sinensis, 137
Wolf’s bane, 20
Woodruff, 20, 67
Woodwork, painting, g1
Yarrows, 23
Yellow water flag, 20
Yellow winter jasmine, 119,
136
Printed in Great Britain by BuTLeR & TANNER, Frome and London.
ini
00009132417