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Diospyros bracteata, Roxb. Catal. Pl. class. xu. Polyandr. monog. Dooab, E. Indies.
Diospyros glutinosa, Roxb. Hort. Bengal. p. 40. India.
Diospyros Sapota, Roxb. Hort. Bengal. p. 40. Mauritius [cult. 7]
Diospyros Mabola, Roxb. Hort. Bengal. p. 40. Philippine Islands.
Diospyros racemosa, Roxb. Hort. Bengal. p. 40. Tipperah, E. Indies.
Diospyros ramiflora, Roxb. Hort. Bengal. p. 40. Tipperah, E. Indies.
Ferriola buxifolia, Roxb. Hort. Bengal. p. 72. Coromandel.
Diospyros sapotanigra, DC. Ess. Prop. Med. Pl. p. 200. Mexico.
Royena lycioides, [Desf.] Cat. Hort. Paris. ex Poir. in Encyclop. Méth. Suppl. vol. 1v
p. 435. Cape of Good Hope.
Monodora microcarpa, Dunal Monogr. Anonac. p. 80. Australia.
Diospyros caroliniana, Muhlenb. ex Rafin. Florula Ludovic. p. 139. Mississippi.
Diospyros acapulcensis, Kunth in Humb. and Bonpl. Noy. Gen. m1. p. 254. Mexico.
Diospyros psidioides, Kunth m Humb. and Bonpl. Nov. Gen. m1. p. 254. S. America.
Diospyros conduplicata, Kunth in Humb. and Bonpl. Nov. Gen. mL. p. 254 $8. America.
Celastrus crispus, Thunb. Fl. Cap. edit. 1. vol. ii. p. 115. Cape of Good Hope.
Diospyros apeibacarpos, Raddi, Quar. nuoy. del Bras. p. 12. n. 10. Brazil.
Diospyros rubiginosa, Roth, Nov. pl. sp. p. 385. E. Indies.
Royena myrtifolia, Wendl. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. p. 705. Cape of Good Hope.
Royena decidua, Burch. Tray. int. $8. Afric. vol. 1. p. 317. South Africa.
Royena microphylla, Burch. Trav. int. S. Afric. vol. 1. p. 348. South Africa.
Euclea ovata, Burch. Tray. int. 8. Afric. vol. L p. 387. South Africa.
Diospyros chinensis, Blume, Cat. Hort. Buit. p. 110. China.
Cavanillea Mabolo, Lamarck in Encyclop. Méth. tab. 454. Philippine Islands.
Maba rufa, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. p. 33. t. 36. New Caledonia.
Euclea myrtina, Burch. Trav. int. S. Afric. vol. 11 p. 588. South Africa.
Maba Ebenus, Spreng. Syst. Veg. vol. m. p. 126. Molucca Islands.
Diospyros vaccinioides, Lindl. in Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 139. China.
Diospyros serrata, Hamilt. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 143. Nepal.
Diospyros cerasifolia, D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. p. 144. Nepal.
Diospyros cauliflora, Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 668. Java.
Diospyros frutescens, Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 668. Java.
Diospyros maritima, Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 669. Java.
Diospyros macrophylla, Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 670. Java.
Leucoxylum buxifolium, Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 1169. Java.
Diospyros exculpta, Hamilt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. xv. p. 110. E. Indies.
Diospyros insculpta, Hamilt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. xv. p. 112. E. Indies.
Diospyros Toposia, Hamilt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. Xv. p. 115. Bengal.
Noltia tricolor, Schum. and Thonn. Plant. Guin. p. 189. Guinea, Africa.
Diospyros edulis, Lodd. ex Sweet. Hort. Brit. p. 270. E. Indies.
1828—32. Diospyros incisa, Hamilt. Hb. ex Wallich, list n. 4122 p. E. Indies.
1828—32. Diospyros glutinifera, Hb. Madr. ex Wallich, list n. 4128 8. Quilon, E. Indies.
1828—32. Diospyros oblonga, Wallich, list n. 4124. Penang, India.
70 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE:.
A.D.
1828—32. Diospyros (?) frondosa, Wallich, list n. 4125. Penang, India.
1828—32. Diospyros venosa, Wallich, list n. 4126. Penang, India.
1828—32. Diospyros lucida, Wallich, list n. 4127. Singapore, India.
1828—32. Diospyros oleifolia, Wallich, list n. 4128. Amherst, India.
1828—32. Diospyros (?) acuminata, Wallich, list n. 4129. Singapore, India.
1828—32. Diospyros Mabolo, Wallich, list n. 4131 A.
1828—32. Diospyros (?) pilosula, Wallich, list n. 4132. Sillet, India.
1828—32. Diospyros Roylii, Wallich, list n. 4134 India.
1828—32. Diospyros (?) chartacea, Wallich, list n. 4135. Burmah, India.
1828—32. Diospyros undulata, Wallich, list n. 4136. Amherst, India.
1828—82. Diospyros ebretioides, Wallich, list n. 4137. Amherst, India.
1828—382. Diospyros heterophylla, Wallich, list n. 4138, Ava.
1828—32. Diospyros amoena, Wallich, list n. 4139. Sillet.
1828—32. Diospyros densiflora, Wallich, list n. 4140. Moulmyne and Amherst.
1828—32. Diospyros grata, Wallich, list n. 4142. Nepal.
1828—32. Diospyros (?) foliolosa, Wallich, list n. 4143. §S. India.
1828—32. Diospyros multiflora, Wallich, list n. 4144, Sillet.
1828—32. Diospyros Wightiana, Wallich, list n. 4406. India.
1828—32. Diospyros dubia, Wallich, list n. 4407. India.
1828—32. Diospyros nigricans, Wallich, list n. 6351. Suillet.
1828—32. Guatteria (?) flavicans, Wallich, list n. 7295. Penang.
1832. Diospyros Schitze, Bunge, En. Chin. bor. n. 237. p. 42. N. China.
1834. Diospyros Persimon, Wikstr. Jahr. Schwed. 1830. pp. 92, 96. N. America.
1834. Diospyros punctata, Decaisne in N. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. vol. 1. p. 407. Timor.
1834. Diospyros malabarica, Kosteletsky, Med. Pharmac. Flora (11) p. 1099. India.
1835. Diospyros microcarpa, Spanoghe in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. vol. 1 p. 348. Timor.
1835. Diospyros dioica, Spanoghe in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. vol. L p. 348. Timor.
1835—36. Diospyros albens, Presl, Reliq. Haenk. m1. p. 62. Mexico.
1836. Diospyros angustifolia, Lodd. Cat. ex Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. um p. 1197
(1838). N. America.
1836. Diospyros fertilis, Lodd. Cat. ex Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. m p. 1197 (1838).
N. America.
1836. Diospyros ciliata, Rafin. New Flora and Bot. N. Amer. part UL p. 25. Florida,
N. America.
1837. Diospyros biflora, Blanco, Fl. Filipin. p. 303. Philippine Islands.
1837. Diospyros pilosanthera, Blanco, Fl. Filipin. p. 804. Philippine Islands.
1837. Sapota nigra, Blanco, Fl. Filipin. p. 409. Philippine Islands.
1837. Diospyros pterocalyx, Bojer, Hort. Maurit. p. 200. Mauritius.
1837. Diospyros Loureiriana, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. vol. tv. p. 39. E. Trop.
Africa.
1837. Embryopteris gelatinifera, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. vol. 1v. p. 41. E. Indies,
1837. Embryopteris discolor, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. vol. tv. p. 41. Philippine
Islands,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE, 71
Embryopteris racemosa, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. vol. rv. p. 41. Sillet.
Embryopteris Loureiriana, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. vol. 1v. p. 41. Cochin China.
Embryopteris Kaki, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. vol. rv. p. 41. Japan, China
and Cochin China.
Diplonema elliptica, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. vol. iv. p. 42. Cape of
Good Hope.
Diplonema ambigua, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. vol. rv. p. 42. Cape of
Good Hope.
Maba (?) Ebenoxylon, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. vol. Iv. p. 43. Cochin China.
Royena cordata, E. Meyer, Cat. Pl. Exsice. Afr. Austr. Dreg. p. 7. Cape of Good Hope.
Royena brachiata, E. Meyer, Cat. Pl. Exsice. Afr. Austr. Dreg. A 7. Cape of Good Hope.
Royena cuneifolia, E. Meyer, Cat. Pl. Exsice. Afr. Austr. Dreg. p. 7. Cape of Good Hope.
Royena rugosa, E. Meyer, Cat. Pl. Exsicc. Afr. Austr. Dreg, p. 7. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea rufescens, E. Meyer, Cat. Pl. Exsicc. Afr. Austr. Dreg. p. 7. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea macrophylla, E. Meyer, Cat. Pl. Exsice. Afr. Austr. Dreg. p. 7. Cape of
Good Hope.
Euclea lanceolata, E. Meyer, Cat. Pl. Exsice. Afr. Austr. Dreg.
p. 7. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea polyandra, E. Meyer, Cat. Pl. Exsice. Afr. Austr. Dreg. p.
Pp:
p-
rf
7. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea tomentosa, E. Meyer, Cat. Pl. Exsice. Afr. Austr. Dreg. p. 7. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea acutifolia, E. Meyer, Cat. Pl. exsicc. Afr. Austr. Dreg. p. 7. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea rigida, E. Meyer, Cat. Pl. exsice. Afr. Austr. Dreg. p. 7. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea pseudebenus, E. Meyer, Cat. Pl. exsice. Afr. Austr. Dreg. p. 7. Cape of Good Hope.
Leucoxilon laurinum, E. Meyer, Cat. Pl. exsice. Afr. Austr. Dreg. p. 7. Cape of Good
Hope.
Myrsine Kellau, Schimper in Pl. Abyss. exsicc. sect. I. n. 159. Abyssinia.
Diospyros mollis, Wall. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. edit. 11. part 1. p. 514. Tavoy, E. Indies.
Diospyros Paralea, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. edit. u. part. 1. p. 514. 8S, America.
Diospyros phyllomegas, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. edit. m. part 1. p. 514 Java.
Patonia Walkerii, Wight, Ilustr. vol. 1. p. 19. Ceylon.
Diospyros calycina, Audib. Cat. Hort. Tonn. ex Spach, Hist. Végét. mx. p. 405.
N. America.
Royena media, Hort. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. edit. mu. vol. m1. p. 475. Cape of
Good Hope.
Diospyros tetrandra, Spanoghe, Prodr. Fl. Timor. in Linnea xv. p. 336. Timor.
Kellaua Schimperi, Alph. DC. in Ann, Se. Nat. Ser. 1. vol. xvi. p. 209. Abyssinia.
Diospyros mespiliformis, Hochst. in Pl. Schimp. Abyss. exsice. sect. 11. nn. 655, 1243.
Abyssinia.
Euclea Kellau, Hochst. in Pl. Schimp. Abyss. exsice. sect. 11. n 1078. Abyssinia.
Diospyros intermedia, Hort. ex Loudon Ene. Tr. and Shr. p. 627. N. America.
Royena rufescens, E. Meyer, Pflanzengeogr. Doc. Drég. p. 154 in Flora. xxv1. ii. Cape
of Good Hope.
Royena opaca, E. Meyer, Pfanzengeogr. Doc. Drég. p. 217 in Flora. xxvr. ii.
Cape of Good Hope.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Royena falcata, E. Meyer, Pflanzengeogr. Doc. Drég. p. 217 in Flora. xxviii. Cape
of Good Hope-
Euclea ochrocarpa, E. Meyer, Pflanzengeogr. Doc. Drég. p. 184 in Flora. XXVI. i.
Cape of Good Hope.
Royena sericea, Bernh. in Flora. XXvil. ii. p. 824. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea Kraussiana, Bernh. in Flora. xxv. u. p. 824. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea ferruginea, Bernh. in Flora. XXviI. ul. p. 825. Cape of Good Hope.
Royena ramulosa, E. Meyer ex Alph. DC. Prodr. vui. p. 212. n. 6. Cape of Good
Hope.
Euclea elliptica, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vur. p. 216. n. 1. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea Dregeana, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vu p. 216. n. 2. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea coriacea, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vu. p. 216. n. 4. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea natalensis, Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 218. n. 10. Natal.
Royena macrophylla, E. Meyer ex Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vir. p. 218. n. 10. Natal.
Diospyros (2) pilosa, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vim. p. 219. Cochinchina.
Gunisanthus pilosulus, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vin. p. 220. Sillet.
Rospidios vaccinioides, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vim. p. 220. China and Malacca.
Macreightia caribeea, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vin. p. 221. n. 1. St Domingo.
Macreightia albens, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vir. p. 221. n. 2. Mexico.
Macreightia acapulcensis, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vitr. p. 221. n. 3. Mexico.
Macreightia psidioides, Alph. DG. Prodr. vol. vim. p. 221. n. 4? S. America.
Macreightia conduplicata, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vim. p. 221. n. 5. S. America.
Macreightia inconstans, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vin. p. 221. n. 6. New Granada.
Macreightia Pavonii, Alph. Prodr. vol. vit. p. 222. n. 7. America.
Diospyros cayennensis, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vir. p. 224 n. 8. Cayenne, &e.
Danzleria axillaris, Bert. ex Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vin. p. 224 n. 8. Cayenne.
Diospyros Pceppigiana, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vir. p. 224. n. 9. Brazil?
Diospyros mauritiana, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vu. p. 226. n. 15. Mauritius,
Diospyros macrocalyx, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 226, n. 17. Mauritius (or Bourbon 2).
Diospyros capensis, Alph. DC. vol. vir. p. 226. n. 19. Cape of Good Hope.
Diospyros membranacea, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vit. p. 227. n. 20. Mauritius.
Diospyros anonzefolia, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vii1. p. 227. n. 21. Mauritius (or Bourbon ?).
Diospyros Neraudii, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vim. p. 227. n. 23. Mauritius.
Diospyros philippinensis, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vir. p. 231. n. 43. Philippine Islands.
Diospyros squamosa, Bojer ex Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vit. p. 232. n. 49? Madagasear.
Diospyros levis, Bojer ex Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vim. p. 232. n. 50. Madagascar.
Diospyros senegalensis, Perrottet ex Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vi. p. 284 n. 59?
Senegambia.
Diospyros Berterii, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vit. p. 234 n. 61. New Granada.
Diospyros citrifolia, Wallich ex Alph. DC. Prodr. vi. p. 235. n 65. Burmah,
Diospyros sericea, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vir. p. 236. n. 67. Brazil.
Diospyros hispida, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vit. p. 236. n. 682 Brazil.
Diospyros Boutoniana, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. viii. p. 236. n. 72. Mauritius (or Bourbon 2).
A.D.
1844.
1844.
1844.
1844,
1844.
1844.
1844.
1844.
1844.
1844.
1844.
1845,
1845,
1845.
1845.
1846,
1846.
1847.
1847.
1847.
1847,
1847.
1848.
1848,
1848.
1848.
1849.
1849.
1849.
1850.
1850.
1850.
1850.
1850.
1850.
1850.
1850.
1850.
1850.
1850.
1850.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA, 73
Diospyros Blancoi, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vit. p. 237. n. 74. Philippine Islands.
Diospyros Malacapai, Alph. DC. Prodr. vii. p. 237. n. 75. Philippine Islands.
Diospyros Canomoi, Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 237. n. 78. Philippine Islands.
Diospyros (?) Cunalon, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vu. p. 237. n. 79. Philippine Islands.
Diospyros feminina, Hamilt. ex Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 238. n. 83. Nepal.
Maba Cumingiana, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vin p. 241. n. 4 Philippine Islands.
Maba madagascariensis, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vit. p. 241. n. 7. Madagascar.
Maba guineensis, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vu. p. 241. n. 8. Guinea, Africa.
Maba Smeathmanni, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. yur p. 241. n. 9. Sierra Leone.
Maba sandwicensis, Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vir. p. 242. n. 16. Sandwich Islands.
Cargilia maritima, Hassk. Cat. Pl. Hort. Bot. Bogor. m1. p. 159. Java.
Vaccinium fragrans, Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Suburb. Caleutt. p. 345. n. 13. China.
Diospyros grandifolia, Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. p. 345. n. 18. Mauritius.
Diospyros nigra, Blane. Flora de Filipinas, edit. i. p. 211. Philippine Islands.
Diospyros brachysepala, Alex. Braun in Leonhard and Bronn, Neues Jahrb. Mineral.
p- 170. Germany.
Diospyros japonica, Sieb. and Zuce. Fl. Jap. u. 12 in Abh. Bayer. Acad. Iv. 3. p. 136.
n. 459. Japan.
Diospyros truncata, Zoll. and Mor. in Mor. Syst. Verz. Jav. Pflanzen. p. 43. Java.
Brachycheila pubescens, Harv. ex Zeyh. in Linnewa xx. p. 192. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea pubescens, Eckl. and Zeyh. in Linnea xx. p. 192. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea linearis, Zeyh. in Linnea xx. p. 192. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea desertorum, Eckl. and Zeyh. in Linnea xx. p. 192. Cape of Good Hope.
Euclea humilis, Eckl. and Zeyh. in Linnea xx. p. 192. Cape of Good Hope.
Diospyros Umlovok, Griffith, Itinerary Notes, p. 355. India.
Diospyros pendula, Hasselt ex Hassk. Plant. Javan. p. 468. Java.
Diospyros hexasperma, Hasselt ex Hassk, Plant. Javan. p. 468. Java.
Diospyros ferruginea, Spltgbr. in Vriese Ned. Kruidk, Arch. p. 327. Guiana.
Euclea angustifolia, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 441. W. Tropical Africa.
Maba vacciniefolia, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 442. W. Tropical Africa.
Diospyros texana, Scheele in Linnea xxi. p. 145. Texas, N. America.
Diospyros Candolleana, Wight, Icon. tt. 1221—2. India.
Diospyros capitulata, Wight, Icon. tt. 1224, 1588 bis. India.
Diospyros ovalifolia, Wight, Icon. t. 1227. Madras.
Maba neilgherrensis, Wight, Ie. Pl. Ind. Or. nn. 1228—9. Neilgherries, India.
Plumeria flos-Saturni, Unger, Gen. et Sp. Pl Foss. p. 433. Croatia.
Diospyros Wodani, Unger, Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss. p. 435. Croatia.
Diospyros Auricula, Unger, Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss. p. 436. Croatia.
Diospyros Myosotis, Unger, Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss. p. 436. Croatia.
Anona Lignitum, Unger, Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss. p. 441. Europe.
Celastrus europeus, Unger, Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss. p. 459. Croatia.
Tetrapteris Harpyiarum, Unger, Foss. Fl. Sotzka, p. 46. t. 29. f£ 9, 10. Europe.
Getonia macroptera, Unger, Foss. Fl. Sotzka, p. 51. t. 33. ff 6—8.. Europe.
VOL ile PARnret. 10
74 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
A.D.
1851. Diospyros amplexicaulis, Lindl. and Paxt. Fl. Gard. vol. 1. p. 11. n. 271. f. 139.
Mauritius.
1851. Diospyros Scheuzeri, Al. Br, ex Unger, Pflanzenwelt, p. 233. Europe.
1851. Diospyros lancifolia, Al. Br. ex Unger, Pilanzenwelt, p. 233. Europe.
1851. Diospyros pamnonica, Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. Wien, p. 19. t. mr f 8. Austria.
1851. Diospyros heringiana, Ettingsh. Tert. Fl. Haring. p. 61. t. 21. f. 26. t. 22.£11. ‘Fyrol.
1851. Diospyros longifolia, Stizenberger, Verzeichniss, p. 83. Europe.
1852. Diospyros paniculata, Dalzell in Kew Journ. Bot. vol. Iv. p. 109. Bombay.
1852. Diospyros pruriens, Dalzell in Kew Journ. Bot. vol. tv. p. 110. Bombay.
1852. Diospyros Goindu, Dalzell in Kew Journ. Bot. vol. tv. p. 111. India.
1852. Holochilus micranthus, Dalzell in Kew Journ. Bot. vol. Iv. p. 291. Bombay.
1852. Diospyros eriantha, Champion in Kew Journ. Bot. vol. 1v. p. 302. Hong Kong.
1852. Diospyros Morrisiana, Hance ex Walpers Annal. vol. m1. p. 14. Hong Kong.
1854. Diospyros argenteus, Griffith, Notule, vol. Iv. p. 288. Malacca.
1854. Maba hermaphroditica, Zollinger, Syst. Verzeichniss Ind. Archip. p. 135. Java.
1854. Arbutus diospyrifolius, Massal. Lett. Scarab. p. 29. n. 203 in Ann. Se. Nat. Bologn. Italy.
1845—55. Diospyros laurifolia, Rich. Fl. Cub. in Ramon de la Sagra, Hist. de Cuba, vol. X1.
p. 86. tab. 55 ex Walp. Ann. bot. Syst. vol. v. p. 480 (1858).
1851—5. Diospyros sumatrana, Mig. Plant. Jungh. vol. I. p. 203. Sumatra.
1851—5. Maba sumatrana, Miq. Plant. Jungh. vol. 1. p. 204 Sumatra.
1855, Diospyros aurea, Teijsm. and Binn. Pl. n. h. Bogor. in Neder]. Kruidk. arch. 11. p. 405.
Java.
1855. Diospyros laxa, Teijsm. and Binn. Pl. nov. hort. Bogor. in Nederl. Kruidk. arch. 11.
p- 406. Java.
5. Rhipidostigma Zollingen, Hassk. Retzia, 1. p. 104 Java.
55. Rhipidostigma Teijsmanni, Hassk. Retzia, I. p. 106. Java.
55. Getonia truncata, Goéppert, Tert. Fl. v. Schoussnitz, p. 37. t. 25. f 11. Silesia.
1856. Diospyros gaultheriwfolia, Mart. Fl. Brasil. Eben. p. 5. t. 2. f
)
5
2. £ 1. Brazil
1856. Diospyros brasiliensis, Mart. Fl. Brasil. Eben. p. 5. t. 2. f. 2. Brazil.
1856. Diospyros coccolobefolia, Mart. Fl. Brasil. Eben. p. 6. t. 1. f. 1. Brazil.
led
i.
1856. Diospyros artantheefolia, Mart. Fl. Brasil. Eben. p.
1856. Diospyros (?) myrmecocarpus, Mart. Fl. Brasil. Eben. p. 7. Brazil.
1856. Diospyros (?) xylopioides, Mart. Fl. Brasil. Eben. p. 8. Guiana, S. America.
1856. Macreightia obovata, Mart. Fl. Brasil. Eben. p. 9. t. 2. f. 3. Brazil.
1856. Diospyros timoriana, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. vol. 1. p, 1045. Timor.
1857. Maba javanica, Zollinger, Obs. Bot. Nov. p. 14 in Natuurk. tydschr. Neerl. Ind. vol. xIv.
Java.
1857. Diospyros Kuhlii, Zollinger, Obs. Bot. Nov. p. 15 in Natuurk. tydschr. Neerl. Ind. vol. XIv.
Java.
1857. Diospyros penduliflora, Zoll. Obs. Bot. Nov. p. 15 in Natuurk. tydschr. Neer]. Ind. vol.
XIv. Java,
1857. Diospyros Hasseltii, Zollinger, Obs. Bot. Nov. p. 15 in Natuurk. tydschr. Neer], Ind.
vol. XIV. Java,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZD. 75
Drebbelia subarborescens, Zoll. Obs. Bot. Nov. p. 16 in Natuurk. tydschr. Neerl. Ind.
XIv. Java.
Brachynema ramiflorum, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. xxu. (part ii.) p. 126.
t. 22. IN: Brazil.
Diospyros incerta, Massalongo, Synops. Fl. Foss. Senigall. p. 76. n. 197. Europe.
Diospyros anceps, Heer, Fl. Tert. Helv. m1. p. 12. t. ci ff 15—18. Oeningen, &c.,
Europe.
Macreightia germanica, Heer, Fl. Tert. Helv. vol. m1. p. 13. t. cr. ff. 1, 2. Oeningen,
&e., Europe.
Cassia phaseolites, Heer, Fl. Tert. Helv. vol. m1. tab. 138. f. 2 (solwm).. Europe.
Diospyros laurina, Massalongo, Syllab. Pl. Foss. Tert. Venet. p. 77. Italy, Europe.
Diospyros Weberii, Massal. Syllab. Pl. Foss. Tert. Venet. p. 77. Italy.
Macreightia italica, Massalongo, Syllab. Pl. Foss. Tert. Venet. p. 77. Italy, Europe.
Macreightia (?) umbellata, Massal. Syllab. Pl. Foss. Tert. Venet. p. 77. Italy.
Diospyros pyrrhocarpa, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1. p..583. W. Sumatra.
Diospyros Diepenhorstii, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1 p. 583. W. Sumatra.
Diospyros Teysmanni, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1. p. 583. S. Sumatra.
Diospyros (?) cystopus, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1. p. 584. S. Sumatra.
Maba (2) lamponga, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1. p. 584 S. Sumatra.
Diospyros crumenata, Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon PJ. p. 179. n. 5. Ceylon.
Diospyros affinis, Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl. p. 179. n. 6. Ceylon.
Diospyros queesita, Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl. p. 179. n. 7. Ceylon.
Diospyros oocarpa, Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl. p. 180. n. 9. Ceylon.
Diospyros insignis, Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl. p. 180. n. 10. Ceylon.
Diospyros oppositifolia, Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl. p. 181. n. 11. Ceylon.
Diospyros Gardneri, Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl. p. 181. n. 12. Ceylon.
Diospyros Moon, Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl. p. 182. n. 16. Ceylon.
Diospyros acuta, Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl. p. 182. n. 17. Ceylon.
Diospyros attenuata, Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl p. 182. n. 18. Ceylon.
Maba angustifolia, Mig. ex Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl. p. 183. Ceylon.
Macreightia oblongifolia, Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl. p. 183. Ceylon.
Diospyros vetusta, Giebel, Flora Braunkohl. in Zeitschrift, vol. xvi. p. 57. Prussia.
Maba nigrescens, Dalzell in Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. p. 142. Bombay.
Macreightia intricata, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v. p. 163. Lower Cali-
fornia.
Ebenacites rugosus, Saporta, Exam. Anal. Fl. Tert. Prov. p. 31. S.E. France.
Diospyros samoénsis, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v. p. 326. Navigators’
Island.
Maba foliosa, Rich. ex A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. vol. v. p. 326. Feejee Islands.
Diospyros senensis, Klotzsch in Peters Mossamb. 1 p. 183. Mozambique.
Diospyros squarrosa, Klotzsch in Peters Mossamb. 1. p. 184 Mozambique.
Diospyros bicolor, Klotzsch in Peters Mossamb. 1. p. 184, Mozambique.
Diospyros Waldemarii, Klotzsch in Prinz. Waldem. Preuss. p. 101. t. 55. India.
10—2
76
A.D.
1862.
1863.
1864.
1864.
1864.
1864.
1864.
1865.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
13866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1366.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1867.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Diospyros rugosa, Saporta in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. Iv. vol. Xv. p. 264.t.11.£3. S.E.
France.
Maba natalensis, Harvey, Thes. Capens. vol. u. 7. Natal.
Maba inconstans, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 404. Tropical America.
Diospyros Arnottiana, Miq. ex Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl. p. 423. E. Indies.
Macreightia ovalifolia, Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl. p. 424 n, 2. Ceylon.
Macreightia acuminata, Thwaites, Enum. Ceylon Pl. p. 424. n. 3. Ceylon.
Cargillia pentamera, Woolls and F. Muell. in F. Muell. Fragm. rv. p. 82. Australia.
Diospyros varians, Saporta in Ann. Se. Nat. ser. v. vol. m1. p. 111. t. iv. fi 14, t. vi.
f. 4. S.E. France.
Diospyros halesioides, Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cubens. p. 168. Cuba.
Macreightia buxifolia, Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cubens. p. 169. E. Cuba.
Cargillia mabacea, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 162. Australia.
Maba quadridentata, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 162. Australia.
Maba Cargillia, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 162. Australia.
Maba pentamera, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 163. Australia.
Cargillia megalocarpa, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 163. Australia.
Maba megalocarpa, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 163. Australia.
Maba interstans, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 163. Australia.
Maba fasciculosa, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 163. Australia.
Maba cupulosa, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 164. Australia,
Maba sericocarpa, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 164. Australia.
Maba Hillebrandii, Seem. Fl. Vit. p. 151. Sandwich Islands.
Maba Andersoni, [Solander] ex Seem. Fl. Vit. p. 152. Tonga Islands.
Euclea miocenica, Unger, Syll. Pl. Foss., pug. iii, in Denksehrift. xxv. p. 25. t. vill. f. 8.
Croatia.
Euclea Apollinis, Unger, Syll. Pl. Foss., pug. iii., in Denkschrift. xxv. p. 26. t. viii. f. 10.
Croatia.
Rhododendron Apollinis, Ettingsh. ex Ung. Syll. Pl. Foss., pug. iii., in Denkschrift. xxv.
p- 26. Croatia.
eDiospyros Zollikoferi, Unger, Syll. Pl. Foss. pug. iii, in Denkschrift. xxv. p, 27. t. ix.
f. 6. Styria.
Diospyros obliqua, Unger, Syll, Pl. Foss., pug. iii, in Denkschrift. xxv. p. 29. t. ix. f. 17.
Croatia.
Diospyros Royena, Unger, Syll. Pl. Foss. pug. iii, in Denkschrift. xxv. p. 29. t. ix.
ff. 18, 19. Croatia.
Diospyros Parthenon, Unger, Syll. Pl. Foss, pug. iii, in Denkschrift. xxv. p. 29. t. ix,
f. 8. Europe.
Diospyros Lignitum, Unger, Syll. Pl. Foss. pug. iii, in Denkschrift. xxv. p. 30. t. ix.
f. 9. Europe.
Diospyros lotoides, Unger, Syll. Pl. Foss. pug. iii, in Denkschrift. xxv. p. 30. t. x.
ff. 1—12. Europe.
Diospyros assimilis, Bedd, Rep. Ind. For. Madr. p. 20. “t. i” §S, Canara, India.
A.D.
1867.
1867.
1867.
1867.
1867.
1867.
1867.
1867.
1867.
1867.
1867.
1867.
1867.
1867.
1867.
1868.
1868.
1869.
1869.
1869.
1869.
1870.
1870.
1871.
1871.
1871.
1871.
1871.
1871.
1871.
1871.
1871.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ, v6
Diospyros mabacea, F. Muell. Austral, Veg. in Intercolonial Exhibition Essays, 1866—67,
p- 35. East Australia,
Diospyros megalocarpa, F. Muell. loc. cit. p. 35. North Australia.
Diospyros fasciculosa, F. Muell. loc. cit. p. 35. East Australia.
Diospyros cupulosa, F. Muell. loc. cit. p. 35. Queensland.
Diospyros sericocarpa, F. Muell. loc. cit. p. 35. Queensland.
Diospyros Cargillia, F. Muell. Joc. cit. p. 35. East Australia.
Diospyros pentamera, Woolls and F. Muell. ex F. Muell. loc. cit. p. 35. East Australia.
Diospyros humilis, F. Muell. loc. cit. p. 85. Queensland and North Australia.
Diospyros geminata, F. Muell. Joc. cit. p. 35. Queensland.
Euclea relicta, Unger, Foss. F]. Eub. in Denkschrift. xxvii. p. 68. t. xi. f. 39. Negropont.
Royena greca, Unger, Foss. Fl. Eub. in Denkschrift. xxvu. p. 68. t. xi. ff 40—51.
Negropont.
Royena Amalthee, Unger, Foss. Fl. Eub, in Denkschrift. xxvi. p. 69. t. xiv. fi 1.
Negropont.
Royena Euboea, Unger, Foss. Fl. Eub. in Denkschrift. xxvu. p69) te xave is 2-4
Negropont.
Royena Myosotis, Unger, Foss. FJ. Eub. in Denkschrift. xxvit. p. 69. t. xiv. ff 5—S.
Negropont.
Royena Pentelici, Unger, Foss. Fl. Eub. in Denkschrift. xxvi. p. 70. t. xiv. f. 9.
Negropont.
Diospyros Loveni, Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. p. 118. t. vii. ff. 7, 8. t. xlvii. f. 8. N. Greenland.
Diospyros oligandra, Bedd. Rep. Forests Madras, 1867—68, p. 25. Madras, India.
Diospyros hebecarpa, A. Cunn. ex Benth. Fl. Austr. rv. p. 286. Australia.
Maba hemicycloides, F. Muell. ex Benth. Fl Austr. Iv. p. 290. Australia.
Maba laxiflora, Benth. Fl. Austr. Iv. p. 290. Australia.
Diospyros speciosa, Wood, Rep. Forests Oudh, 1867—68, p. 33. Oudh, India.
Diospyros costata, Carriere in Rev. Hortic. p. 134 China.
Macreightia andamanica, Kurz, Rep. Veg. Andam. edit. m. p. 42. S. Andaman.
Diospyros microphylla, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 27. t. exxxii. §. India.
Diospyros canarica, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 27. t. exxxiv. S. Canara.
Diospyros Thwaitesii, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 27. t. exxxv. Ceylon.
Diospyros nilagirica, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 27. t. exxxvi. 8S. India.
Diospyros rhodocalyx, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. xb. Pt. ii. p. 71. Siam.
Diospyros dasyphylla, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. vol. XL. Pt. ii. p. 71. E. Indies.
Diospyros Brandisiana, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. XL. ii. p. 72. Burmah.
Diospyros burmanica, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. XL. ii. p. 73. Pegu.
Diospyros variegata, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. XL. i. p. 73. Pegu.
78 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
DESCRIPTION OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES, EXCLUSIVE OF FOSSILS.
I. Royena, Linn. Gen. Plant. p. 114. n. 325 (1737).
Flores seepius hermaphroditi et pentameri.
Calyx plerumque accrescens, campanulatus vel urceolatus vel raro depresso-hemisphericus.
Corolla urceolata vel campanulata ; lobis in preefloratione sinistrorse contortis.
Stamina numero loborum corolle dupla raro plura, in verticillum unicum disposita.
Ovarium hirsutum, 4-10-loculare ; ovula in loculis solitaria.
Frutices rarius arbores africani; foliis alternis, plerumque coriaceis; pedunculis axillari-
bus, sepius unifloris.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vir1. p. 210 (1844); J. G. Agardh, Theor. Syst. Pl. tab. x. f. 13 (1858) ;
Harv. MSS.; non Houston in Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 628 (1753) (= Loeselia).
Pistachia (sp.) Pluknet. Almag. p. 298. t. 63. f. 4. t. 317. f£. 5 (1691, 1696).
Vitis Idea (sp.) Plukn. Almag. p. 391. Phytogr. t. 321. f. 4 (1696).
Staphylodendrum, Commelin. Hort. Amstelod. 1. p. 187. t. 96 (1697).
Staphylodendron, Hermann, Paradisus Batavus, p. 232 cum tab. (1698).
Arbutus (sp.) Linn. Hort. Cliff. p. 163 (1737).
Buzxus (sp.) Linn. in Herb. Gronov.
Vaccinium (sp.) Mill. Gard. Dict. edit. vi. (1771).
Royenia, auct., non Houst.
Flowers usually hermaphrodite and pentamerous, in one species tetramerous, and in R.
ambigua 5-7-merous.
Calyx 5-4-partite 5-fid or 5-toothed at apex, pubescent, usually accrescent in fruit.
Corolla usually 5-fid, urceolate or campanulate, with obtuse reflexed lobes.
Stamens 10, rarely 12—14, in one species 8; mmserted in one row at the base of the
corolla, usually 2 opposite each of its lobes; filaments very short, glabrous; anthers lanceolate-
linear, hairy or in &. sessilifolia glabrous, dehiscing longitudinally by lateral slits, rarely in
subhermaphrodite Howers barren.
Ovary pubescent, 4-10-celled; cells 1-ovuled; rarely abortive in male flowers.
Styles 2-5 or -style 2-5-partite or -lobed.
Fruit coriaceous, globose ovoid or oblong, sometimes 5-sided and splitting by valves.
Seeds as in the family; albumen not ruminated.
Shrubs or small trees or even large trees (see Burchell, Trav. 1. 390) mostly limited to
South Africa, but two species (2. pallens and R. cistoides) reaching the tropics.
Leaves alternate, simple, entire, shortly petiolate or subsessile or in one species quite
sessile, according to Dr Harvey evergreen. Bracts 1—5.
Flowers axillary, peduncled, solitary or in &. glabra 1-5 together or in R&R. parviflora in
3-5-flowered cymes.
Named after Adrian van Royen, Professor of Botany in the University of Leiden, who
died in 1779 at the age of 74
English name; African bladder-nuts.
Alph. De Candolle describes 10 small glands at the base around the ovary; I do not,
however, notice any such in any of the species of the genus.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA,
ROYENA.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
Flowers 5—7-, usually 5-, merous. Fruit not glandular or rarely so.
Calyx divided half way down or deeper.
Calyx 5-lobed only at the apex.
Leaves cordate or sub-cordate or rarely rounded at base.
Style 2-lobed. Leaves subsessile.
Leaves smooth. Flowers hermaphrodite.
Leaves scabrous. 6 Flowers with rudimentary ovary.
| | Style 4—5-lobed. Leaves distinctly petiolate.
| Leaves narrowed at base, not cordate.
Peduncles short, not or scarcely longer than the flowers.
Leaves subsessile. Anthers 10, hirsute.
| Leaves sessile. Anthers 14, glabrous.
|
Flowers solitary.
Calyx patent or reflexed in fruit.
Leaves more than } in. long.
| Flowers polygamous, 5—7-merous.
Leaves under 4 in. long.
| Calyx appressed to fruit.
Flowers in 1—5-flowered cymes.
| Leaves narrowly elliptical, }- 1 in. long.
| Leaves obovate, 2—64 in. long.
Flowers tetramerous or rarely pentamerous, Fruit glandular.
79
1. R. lucida.
2. R. cordata.
3. R. scabrida.
4. R. villosa.
5. R. hirsuta.
6. LR. sessilifolia.
| Peduncles nearly as long as the leaves or much longer than the flowers.
| Flowers hermaphrodite, 5-, rarely 4-, merous. 7. R. pallens.
8. R. ambigua.
9. R. nitens.
10. R. cistoides.
11. &. glabra.
12. R. parviflora.
13. R. glandulosa.
380 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
1. RoyeENA Lucrpa, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 397. (1753).
R. foliis ellipticis vel ovatis, basi rotundatis vel cordatis, coriacets, nitidis, breviter
petiolatis ; floribus hermaphroditis, pentameris; pedunculis unifloris; calyce campanulato,
ampliato, utrinque hirsuto, apice breviter dentato, in fructu accrescente ; stylo bifido; ovario
4-loculari, 4-ovulato.
Gertn. Fruct. et Sem. pl. ii. p. 80. t. 94. f 4 (1791).
Jacq. Fragm. Bot. p. 3. t. 1 f 6 (1800—1809).
Lam. Tabl. Encycel. ii. p. 492. t. 370. f. 1. (not good) (Anno. vim. 1800 2).
Desf. in Annal. Mus. vi. p. 445. t. 62. f. 3 (An. x1m1.—1805).
Alph. DC. Prodr. vii. p. 211. n. 1 (1844).
Lindl. in. Bot. Reg. xxxir. t. 40 (1846).
Pappe, Silva Capensis, p. 20 (1854).
Pistachia africana s. Staphylodendron Athiopicum MovoracioxadAnvomevodurroy singu-
lari hirsuto folio nitente, Pluknet! Almag. p. 298, Phytogr. Tab. 63, f. 4, tab. 317. f. 5
(1696, 1691).
STAPHYLODENDRUM africanwm semper virens, foliis splendentibus, Commelin. Hort.
Amstelod. i. p. 187. t. 96 (bad). (1697.)
STAPHYLODENDRON africanum folio ee lucido, Herm. Parad. Batay. p. 232 cum
tab, (1698), Linn. Hb. Hort. Cliff!
Royena foliis ovatis scabriusculis, Linn. Syst. Veg. p. 410 (1784).
An evergreen shrub 5—12 feet high with numerous branches:
Stem 6—12 inches thick. Bark black, rather smooth. Wood hard, tough, yellowish
with brownish stripes when polished, well adapted for furniture, tools, screws, &c., but
chiefly used for wagon work (Dr Pappe). Young parts covered with subferruginous
pubescence.
Leaves elliptical or somewhat ovate, usually pointed or apiculate at apex, obtuse or sub-
acute, rounded or cordate very rarely somewhat narrowed at base, shortly petiolate, coriaceous,
4—2} inches long by }—1}in. wide, glabrescent and shining above, hirsute especially on the
midrib and margin or glabrate beneath; midrib in slight relief on both sides; lateral
veins not conspicuous ; petioles 2, — in. long, pubescent.
Bracts small or foliaceous, sericeous, caducous.
Peduneles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, pubescent, patent or arching, }—1 in, long, on
young branches, bearing 1—3 bracts.
Flowers }—}in. long, hermaphrodite.
Calyx urceolate, sericeous on both sides, 41—}in. long, 5-toothed at apex, much accres-
cent in fruit; teeth short, acute.
Corolla urceolate, 5-fid, with rounded lobes puberulous on both sides,
Stamens (9—) 10, inserted at the base 2 opposite or corresponding to each lobe of the
corolla, tin. long, equal; filaments very short, glabrous ; anthers lanceolate-linear, hispid on
upper half, glabrous eiage
Ovary conical, pubescent, 4-celled, 4-ovuled; surmounted by bifid style, glabrous above ;
stigmas punctiform.
Mr, HIERN, ON EBENACE. 81
Fruit ovoid or subglobose, }—1 in. in diameter, enclosed by inflated pubescent or subgla-
brate calyx, 2—4-celled and -seeded, red and fleshy when ripe; flesh firm, whitish. Seeds
glabrous, rather shining, yellowish; testa thin; albumen cartilaginous, hard, white; embryo
half to two-thirds of the length of the albumen, somewhat curved inwards; cotyledons ovate,
rather shorter than the radicle.
In Cape Colony known by the name of Zwartbaste (blackwood). See Burchell, Travels,
vol. 1. p. 317 (1822).
Grows in forests, stony places, on the sides of mountains, &c. South Africa. From Cape
Town eastwards to Natal. Reeves!; Ecklon! 698 (« R. hirsuta,’ on the eastern side of Devil’s
Mountain) ; Drege A. (above the waterfall at Duivelsberg 1000—2000 ft. alt. May), B. (Bosch-
rivier, in a wood, below 500 ft. alt. October), c! (Katrivier, in a wood on a hill, 1000—
2000 ft. alt. November); 7. Cooper! 1062 (Orange Free State); Miller !; Bowie!; Dr Pappe!
(slope of Devil’s Mountain); Burchell! 5256 (Hartebeest-Vlakte and Kaatje’s Kraal), 5415
(in a forest close to Melkhout Kraal); Roxburgh!; Harvey!; Alexander!; Mac Owan! 309
Eastern districts; Zeyher! 3352.
Natal. Dr Sutherland! (a low scrubby bush growing among stones).
It is cultivated in St Helena, Gen. Walker! (stamens 5, abortive); and has long been
introduced into Europe.
2. RoyENA corpDATA, E. Mey. Catal. Pl. Exs. Afr. Austr. Drég. p. 7 (1887).
R. folirs ellipticts vel oblongis, basi cordatis, nitidis, coriaceis, apice obtusis vel subacutis,
subsessilibus ; floribus pentameris, hermaphroditis ; pedunculis unifloris; calyce 5-partito, ac-
erescente ; stylo bilobo; ovario 4-loculart.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vir. 211. n. 2 (1844).
R. opaca, E. Mey. Pflanz. Doc. Drég. p. 217 in Flora xxvu. ii. (1843), Alph. DC. Prodr.
vil. p. 211. n. 3 (1844).
R. swpra-cordata, Burch. MSS. in Hb. Afr. Austr. n. 4907 (1814).
A shrub with numerous branches, and a brown-ferruginous pubescence on young parts,
quickly glabrescent and nitescent.
Leaves elliptical or oblong, cordate at base, usually obtuse-pointed mucronate or api-
culate at apex, coriaceous, subsessile, often pubescent underneath, }—2in. long by 2—1 in.
wide.
Peduncles 1—#in. long, arching, bearing 2 alternate caducous ovate acute ciliate bracts
similar to the leaves in shape fin. long. Flowers about double the length of the calyx,
4 in. long.
Calyx 5-partite, villous on both sides, 4 in. long; nearly glabrate in fruit; lobes ovate-
lanceolate, acute, hirsute and ciliate; calyx much accrescent in fruit with wide ovate cordate
or auricled lobes, often nearly an inch long.
Corolla 5-lobed, with a short cylindrical tube and reflexed rounded lobes; lobes oblong,
3 length of corolla, puberulous on both sides.
Stamens 10, inserted at base of corolla, reaching to the mouth of the corolla, pilose.
Style 2-lobed; ovary 4-celled, pilose, cells 1-ovuled.
Fruit subglobose, half an inch or more in diameter.
Vor, XU PART a: 11
82 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACES.
Flowers in November and December. Grows by river-sides and among mountains. It
reaches 4300 feet altitude.
South Africa. Eastern district of the Cape of Good Hope, and Natal.
Drige!; Zeyher! Uitenhage; Mac Owan! 429, 527, Mountains near Great Reynet;
Mrs Hutton! Keiskamma, British Kaffraria; 7. Cooper! 35, 186, 306, British Kaffraria ;
Gueinzius! Natal; Gerrard and M‘Ken! 12, 18, 99, 1608, Natal; Barber! 307, Queenstown
district, a shrub, grows amongst other bushes, blossoms in spring and summer, flower pale
cream colour; Burchell! 4166, 4186, 4907.
3. RoyENA SCABRIDA, Harv. MSS.
R. foliis ovatis, basi cordatis, presertim subtus scabris, coriaceis, subsessilibus ; floribus
pentameris, diecis ; pedunculis unifloris; calyce 5-partito; stylo im floribus masculis bifido, ovario
abortivo.
A shrub with “branches simple, 8—15 feet high,” pilose at the extremities with pale
hairs.
Leaves ovate, cordate at base, acute or obtuse at apex, scabrous especially beneath,
subsessile, shining above, sericeous when young, ranging up to 2} in. long by 1$ in. wide;
margins subrevolute.
3, Flowers nearly } in. long, white. Peduncles axillary, bracteate, much shorter than the
leaves, 1-flowered. Bracts ovate, acuminate.
Calyx 2 in. long, 5-partite, finely setose, erect; lobes ovate, acuminate, widened near
base.
Corolla appressedly pilose, campanulate-urceolate, divided {ths way down into 5 ovate-
oblong acute lobes.
Stamens 10, in one row, inserted at base of corolla, 4 in. long; filaments very short,
hairy at apex; anthers hairy at and near apex, linear, acute.
Ovary rudimentary, hairy; style bifid, hairy below, glabrous above.
Tugela, Natal. Gerrard and M‘Ken! n. 1609. Grassy plains. Flowers in September
and October.
Near &. cordata, EK. Mey.
4. RoyENA vILLosa, Linn. Systema Nature, ed. xu. tom. 2. p. 302 (1767).
R. foliis obovato-oblongis, basi cordatis, apice obtusis, villosis, petiolatis ; floribus penta-
meris, hermaphroditis; pedunculis 1—3-floris ; calyce 5-partito; stylo 4—5-lobo ; ovario 8—10-
loculart.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 218. n, 11 (1844).
R. scabra, Burm. Prodr. p. 13 (1768).
R. scandens, Burch. MSS. in Hb. Afr. Austr. nn. 3673, 3793 (1813).
Pubescent trailing shrub with patent branches, 5 to 40 feet long.
Leaves obovate-oblong with cordate base and rounded emarginate or shortly-pointed
apex; pubescent especially beneath, glabrescent and dark green above, paler beneath, some-
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 83
times minutely pellucid-punctate, coriaceous, petiolate ; edges recurved; veins distinct, depressed
above; 1 to 43 in. long by } to 2} in. wide. Petioles 1—% in. long, pubescent.
Peduneles axillary, either 1-flowered about + in. long or 3-flowered longer and with
pedicels about =, in. long, pubescent. Bracts leaf-like, but smaller and narrower than the
leaves, caducous. Flowers densely pubescent.
1
5
Calyx with 5 ovate or lanceolate partitions, ovate and accrescent in fruit, closely pubes-
cent on both sides.
Corolla with 5 oblong lobes reaching 3rds down, tomentose outside except near base,
glabrous inside.
Stamens 10, anthers densely villous.
Style 5-lobed; ovary 8- or 10-celled; stigmas punctiform.
Fruit globose-pentagonal, tomentose or hispid, $—{$in. long, surrounded by the widely
ovate enlarged lobes of the calyx which reach nearly as high, sometimes dehiscing by 5 valves
from apex.
Grows in woods. South Africa. Eastern districts and Natal.
Drége!; T. Cooper! 1, British Kaftraria, (im flower and fruit.) “Stem 30—40 ft.,
trailing or twining among trees. Flowers yellow;’ J. Sanderson! 150, 613, 715, Natal (in
flower); W. T. Gerrard! 30, Natal (in flower); Krauss! 226, 472, 482, Natal (in
flower-bud); Gueinzius! Natal (an flower); Dr Stuart’ (in flower); P. Mac Owan/ 516,
Grahamstown (in flower); Bowie! (in flower-bud); Burchell! 3673 (in flower), 3793 (in
leaf), 4506 (in flower), 6054? (in leaf); Masson’ Ecklon and Zeyher! 464, Uitenhage;
Gerrard and M:Ken, 613, 614, 2013, Natal; Alexander /
5. RoyEeNA HirsuTA, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 397 (1753).
R. foliis oblanceolatis, bast cuneatis, subsessilibus, hirsutis; floribus pentameris, herma-
?
phroditis ; pedunculis brevibus, unifloris; calyce profunde 5-lobo ; corolld urceolatd ; stamini-
bus 10; stylo plerumque bilobo et ovario 4-loculari.
Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1. p. 493. t. 370. f. 2 (anno vit—1800).
Alph. DC. Prodr. vir. p. 212. n. 8 (1844), non Jacq. nec Eckl. nec Sieb.
R. angustifolia, Willd. Spec. Plant. 1m. p. 633 (1799), Alph. DC. Ze. n. 5.
2? R. cuneata, Poir. in Encyclop. Méth. vi. p. 322 (1804), Alph. DC. Zc. p. 215. n. 18, non
Spreng.
R. microphylla, Burch. Trav. Int. S. Afr. 1. p. 348 (1822), Alph. DC. Le. p. 212. n. 9.
R. rugosa, E. Mey. Cat. Pl. Exsice. Afr. Austr. Drég. p. 7 (1837), Alph. Zc. n. 7.
Diospyros hirsuta, Desf. Ann. Mus. vi. p. 447. t. 62. f. 2 (1805), non L.
D. pubescens, Pers. Synops. 11 p. 625 (1807), non Pursh.
Arbutus foliis lanceolatis integerrimis hirsutis, Linn. Hort. Cliff. p. 163 (1737).
A much-branched rigid shrub, 2—8 feet high, more or less downy-canescent or
tomentose.
Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse or acute at apex, cuneate at base, subsessile, crowded,
coriaceous, hairy and rugose with raised veins or pitted beneath, {—1 in. long by 74—1 in.
wide; margins flattish or recurved.
11—2
84 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA‘
Peduncles 1-flowered, arching, shorter than the flowers, ;;—} in. long, usually bibract-
eate in the middle.
Calyx deeply 5-lobed, hairy on both sides; lobes ovate, aecrescent, erect or reflexed in
fruit. Corolla urceolate, 5-fid, grey-felted outside, puberulous inside ; lobes rounded or obtuse.
Stamens usually 10; anthers hairy; filaments dilated.
Styles 2—4, usually 2; stigmas more or less dilated, glabrous. Ovary villous, 4-, 6-
8-celled.
Fruit globose, about } in. in diameter, more or less tomentose, often dehiscing by 2 or
3 valves. Fruiting calyx-lobes rounded, erect or reflexed.
Grows among mountains and rocks and along banks of rivers and reaches 5000 feet in
Natal. Flowers in August. Cape of Good Hope, Kalihari region and Natal.
Dr Sutherland! Natal (in flower); Dr Zeyher / 3350, 3351, Uitenhage and Clanwilliam
(in flower); Burchell! 7531 (in leaf), 7537 (in fruit), 7446 (in fruit), 1696 (in flower), 2502
(in fruit), 4898 (in fruit); Drége!; P. Mac Owan/ 269, Humansdorp (in flower); TZ. Cooper /
212, Queenstown (in flower); Verreaux!; Krauss, 1719; 8. Africa, Masson Auge and Olden-
burg/; Barber! 311, Queenstown district, on stony hill-sides, flowers white, blossoms in
spring.
6. ROYENA SESSILIFOLIA, sp. nov.
R. foliis oblongo-obovatis, membranaceis, sessilibus, obtusis, basi angustatis ; floribus pen-
tameris, diecis; pedunculis unifloris, brevibus; calyce 5-partito; corollé urceolatd ; stamini-
bus in flore masculo 14, glabris; ovario abortivo.
A shrub with erect stem; branches pubescent, spreading at about 70°.
Leaves oblong-obovate, sessile, submembranous, pubescent beneath and on both sides when
young, rounded or retuse at apex, narrowed to an obtuse base, 1{}—2in. long by }—}in. wide ;
veins inconspicuous, depressed on the upper surface.
Peduncles axillary, solitary, bearing one flower longer than itself, pubescent. Flowers
fragrant, 4 in. long.
Calyx pubescent outside, 5-partite, with lanceolate erect-patent 3-veined lobes } in. long.
Corolla urceolate, 5-lobed at apex, glabrous inside, pubescent outside; lobes recurved, ob-
tuse, ;1,in. long.
Stamens 14, glabrous; anthers dehiscing from apex; filaments short; pollen globular,
smooth, ;J%57 in. in diameter.
Ovary rudimentary, rounded, pubescent.
Pubescence whitish. Described from a living specimen cultivated in Hort. Kew! Approaches
R. ambigua, Vent. by having more than 10 stamens, but differs from it by its shorter peduncles ;
differs also from all other species of Royena by its absolutely sessile leaves.
A specimen in the Leiden herbarium with sessile leaves, which however are coriaceous and
usually pointed at the apex and have the veins in relief on both sides, may be the same species ;
it was cultivated in 1785.
Cfr. R. latifolia, Willd. Enum. PI. Hort. Berol. Suppl. p. 28 (1813, sine descriptione), Alph.
DC, Prodr. vil. p. 215,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE, 85
7. ROoYENA PALLENS, Thunb. Prodr. Fl. Capens., pars prior, p. 80 (1794).
R. foliis anguste obovato-ellipticis, apice plerumque obtusis, basi in petiolum brevem
angustatis, coriaceis ; floribus hermaphroditis, plerumque pentameris; pedunculis plerumque
unifloris flore longioribus; calyce 5-partito ; stylo 83—5-fido; ovario 6—10-loculart.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vimt. p. 213. n. 13 (1844) ; non Willd. Hb.! n. 8363.
R. hirsuta, Jacq. Collect. v. p. 110. t. 13. f. 1 (1796), et Fragm. bot. t. 1. f. 2 (1800—
1809), non Linn. nec Eckl. nec Sieb.
Diospyros lycioides, Desf. in Annal. Mus. vi. p. 448. t. 62. f. 1 (An. x11—1805).
RR. pubescens, Willd. Hort. Berol. p. 457 (1809), Bot. Reg. t. 500 (1820), Alph. DC. 2. ¢. n. 12.
Lt. lyciordes, (Desf.) Cat. Hort. Paris ex Poir. in Encycl. Méth. Suppl. rv. p, 435 (1816),
Alph. DC. Le. p. 214 n. 17.
R. decidua, Burch. Trav. Int. 8. Afr. 1. p. 317 (1822).
R. cuneata, Speng. Syst. Vegetab. 11. p. 360 (1825), non Poir.
&. brachiata, E. Mey. Cat. Pl. Exsice. Afr. Austr. Dr g. p. '7 (1837), Alph. DC. 2. c. p. 213. n. 10.
R. cunetfolia, E. Mey. Cat. Pl. Exsice. Afr. Austr. Drég. p. 7 (1837), Atph. DC. dc. p. 214. n. 16.
R. ramulosa, EK. Mey. ex Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 212. n. 6 (1844).
R. sericea, Bernh. in Flora 1844, p. 824.
R. oleifolia, Desf. MSS. (1824) ex Gay MSS. in Herb.
hispidula, Harv. MSS,
by
A shrub or small tree, ranging up to 15 feet in height. Bark reddish brown. Branches
silky-pubescent or often glabrescent, pale or cinereous.
Leaves more or less narrowly obovate-elliptical, obtuse or rarely acute at apex, narrowed at
base into short petiole, silky especially beneath or glabrate, coriaceous, evergreen, }—2 in. long
by 4—# in. wide; petioles ~,—+ in. long.
Peduncles 4in. long, longer than the flowers, usually considerably so, 1- (rarely 2-)
flowered, arching, bearing 2—3 narrow bracts about or above the middle. Flowers white or
yellowish, hermaphrodite, pentamerous (or rarely tetramerous), }—? in. long.
Calyx partite; lobes ovate or lanceolate, acute, hirsute, accrescent, in fruit spreading or
2
5
reflexed.
Corolla deeply lobed, hairy outside; lobes lanceolate, acuminate.
Stamens (9—) 10, about half the length of the flower; anthers hirsute.
Style 3—5-fid, hairy; stigmas punctiform, glabrous. Ovary 6-, 8-, 10-celled, hairy.
Fruit subglobose or ovoid, pubescent or rarely glabrate, }—1in. in diameter, sometimes
bursting in a valvate manner. Albumen of seeds not ruminated.
Reaches 5000 feet in Natal, 2500 at Graaf Reinet. Flowers in Sept., Oct. and Nov., Jan. Feb.
Grows at margins of woods, &e.
In South Africa on the banks of the Gariep it is called by the natives Zwartebast (black-
wood). Cape of Good Hope, Kalihari region and Natal; also in West tropical Africa.
Drege!; Peddie! Natal; Col. Bolton! Grahamstown; T. Williamson! Albany; Alexan=
der!; Ecklon and Zeyher! 1127; Burchell! 745—1, 1750, 2371, 2930, 3301, 3325, 3396, 3472,
3789, 4184, 4501, 5490, 5529, 5632, 6490, 6813; Dr Zeyher! 3348, 3353, 3354; Burke! Great
86 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
Fish River, and Crocodile River; Harvey! 544; Mac Owan, 1646; W. 7. Gerrard! 129, 615,
1157, 1238, 1607, 1610, 1611, Natal; 7. Cooper! 272, Queenstown; 418, Beaufort; 1238,
1157, Natal; Hutton! Howison’s Port, Eastern Districts; J. Sanderson! 140, 318, 511, 527,
717, Natal; Dr Sutherland! Natal 3000—5000 feet alt.; Bowker! (103?) Albany; Wyley !
103, Namaqualand; Bolus! 128, Graaf Reinet (flowers in Oct., fruits in Nov.); Krauss /
423, Natal, 1721, Knysna; Cape. Niven/ 51, large shrub 6 or 8 feet high, dry elevated
plains near Goud river. Tropical Africa, Dr Kirk! Seshike (alt. 3000 feet); C. J. Meller!
Manganja Hills (tree: always found by streams).
A form with leaves acute at both ends and turning black in drying and with globose
fruits thinly sprinkled with rigid hairs is R. hispidula, Harv. MSS. Burchell! Cat. no. 3789
at the Kowi Station, 26 Sept. 1813; and no. 4501 at the Lead mine, 29 January, 1814.
Benguela. Distr. Huilla. Dr Welwitsch! no. 2533. A shrub 4—6 ft. high, rarely a small
tree of 8 ft. Leaves broad. Flowers white, rather fleshy. Fruit puberulous. Fruiting calyx
reflexed, not much increased. In woods and thickets between Lopollo and Monino.
Do. Dr Welwitsch ! no. 2534, Leaves narrower.
Do. Dr Welwitsch! no. 1255. A small shrub, a few inches high, much branched. Leaves
densely sericeous, with some species of Aeidiwm growing on them, A sickly specimen probably
belonging to R. pallens.
8. RoyENA AMBIGUA, Vent. Jard. Malm. n. 17 (1803).
R. foliis obovato-ellipticis, obtusis, bast angustatis, coriaceis, breviter petiolatis; floribus
5—T7-meris,. diwcis; pedunculis unifloris, flore longioribus; calyce partito; corolld urceolaté;
staminibus 10—14, sterilibus (2); stylo 5—7- (2) lobo.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vir p. 214. n. 14 (1844).
Diospyros ambigua, Vent. Malm. t. 17 (1808).
h. polyandra 8. ambigua, Pers. Synops. 1. p. 486 (1805).
Diplonema ambigua, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. rv. p. 42 (1837).
Shrub with numerous erect-patent or ascending branches tomentose-pubescent (at least in
wild specimen) throughout, about 3 feet high when in cultivation.
Leaves obovate-elliptical, somewhat narrowed at base and rounded or apiculate at apex,
dull green, sometimes minutely pellucid-punctate, coriaceous, shortly petiolate, 1 to 2 in. long
by 4 to #in. wide. Petioles 4;—1 in. long.
Peduncles (2) arching downwards, 1-flowered, bearing 2 (or 8) alternate linear bracts about
their middle, three times the length of the petiole in flower, $ to $in. long in fruit. Flowers
not hermaphrodite (?), drooping, orange-yellow, slightly scented.
Calyx with 5 (or 62) lanceolate acute partitions.
Corolla ureeolate, 5—7 ?-lobed: lobes rounded, shorter than the tube.
Stamens in ? flower 10—14? shorter than the tube of the corolla, barren.
Style 5—7 ?-lobed. Ovary with 5—7? external longitudinal furrows, 10-celled.
Fruit globular, bright pale brown, pubescent, nearly } in. in diameter, sometimes dehiscing
by 5 valves, (in one case) 3-seeded. Fruit-calyx accrescent, reflexed, with 5 oblong-lanceolate
partitions 4 in. long. Seeds oblong, } in. long, pendulous,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 87
South Africa. Burke / (in fruit); Ventenat; Ecklon and Zeyher! 1126, Magalisberg.
Perhaps ought to be united to &. pallens, Thunb., of which Dr Harvey considered it to
be a garden variety.
9. ROYENA NITENS, Harvey MSS.
f. foliis anguste ellipticis, utringue plus minus angustatis, coriaceis, subsessilibus, dense
sericeis, parvis ; pedunculis unifloris, semiuncialibus ; calyce fructifero profunde 5-lobo, paulum
aucto ; fructu ellipsoideo, solitario.
A closely branched shrub about 4 feet high with young shoots and underside of leaves
densely covered for the most part with close sericeous persistent pale hairs. Branches terete,
ascending, with dark rather shining cuticle.
Leaves narrowly oval, crowded, narrowed more or less at both ends, coriaceous, dark and
shining above, 1-veined, subsessile, }—2 in. long by ;4—} in. wide. —
Flowers unknown.
Fruit on the young branches, solitary, on arching pubescent peduncles nearly } in. long.
Fruiting calyx deeply 5-lobed, spreading, rather more than 4 in. across, with lanceolate lobes
which are about +in. long. Fruit ellipsoidal, puberulous with very short inconspicuous hairs,
splitting into 5 (2) parts at the apex, }—1 in. long by 4—?in. thick, 1-celled.,
S. Africa. Natal. W. 7. Gerrard! n. 1158, February.
10. RoyYENA CISTOIDES, Welw. MSS.
R. foliis anguste obovatis, apice obtusis et mucronulatis, ad basim obtusam angustatis,
utrinque incano-sericeis, breviter petiolatis, margine reflexo; fructibus solitarvis ; pedunculis
fructum fere equantibus ; calyce fructibus appresso.
A low shrub, 1—1} ft. high, branched from the base. Wood very hard, strong. Branches
terete, ultimately glabrate; shoots softly pubescent, erect; the fruiting branches arcuate-
ascending.
Leaves alternate, narrowly obovate, obtuse and mucronulate at apex, narrowed to an obtuse
base, incano-sericeous on both sides, sub-coriaceous, }—1}in. long by }—in. wide, shortly
petiolate ; margins reflexed ; subvenose beneath,
Fruiting peduncles axillary, solitary, }—3 in. long, patent, hairy, 1-fruited. Fruiting calyx
deeply 5-lobed, hairy on both sides, appressed to the fruit, }—in. long, articulated to the
peduncle, with 10 little pits at the base on the concave surface of the articulation probably cor-
responding to the 10 cells of the ovary; lobes elliptical, obtusely pointed.
Fruit subglobose, puberulous, of shining golden colour, hard, 8—12-celled, }—3 in. in
diameter, often bursting downwards from the apex, 3—5-seeded. Seeds }in. long. Albumen
of seeds white, cartilaginous, not ruminated.
Angola, W. Tropical Africa. Distr. Pungo Andongo, 3500 ft. altitude. Dr Welwitsch /
no, 2532. In sandy thickets between Condo and Quisonde, near river Cuanza, Truit ripe
in March.
88 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE/,
11. RoyenA GLABRA, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 397 (1753).
R. foliis anguste ellipticis, utringue angustatis, nitescentibus, subcoriacets, subsessilibus,
glabrescentibus ; floribus pentameris, subhermaphroditis ; pedunculis 1—5-floris ; calyce partito,
paulum accrescente ; stylo bilobo ; ovario 4-locularc.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vm. p. 214, n. 15 (1844).
Vaccinium pensylvanicum, Miller, Gard. Dict. edit. vi. (1771).
R. myrtifolia, Wendl. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. p. 705 (1821), Alph. DC. Le. p. 215. a
R. hirsuta, Sieber! Fl. Cap. Exsicc. n. 94 (1824), non Linn. nee Jacq. nee Eckl.
R. falcata, E. Mey.! Zwei pflanz. doc. Drég. p. 217 in Flora 1843, Alph. DC. Zc. p. 211. n. 4.
Vitis Idea cthiopica, myrtinis folio, flosculis dependentibus, Plukn.! Almag. p. 391.
Phytogr. t. 321. fig. 4 (1696).
Vitis Idea xthiopica, buxi minoris folio, floribus albis, Commel. Hort. Amstelod. 1. p, 125.
t. 65 (1697).
Vitis Idea foliis angustissimis longis alternis, Linn. in Hb. Hort. Cliff!
? Buxus africana folio oblongiori non serrato, Linn. in Hb. Gronoy. !
A shrub with erect or ascending branches, 2—6 feet high. Stem 5—6 in. thick. Bark thin,
grey, smooth. Wood light, porous, little used except for fuel (Dr Pappe). . Young parts pilose.
Leaves narrowly elliptical, usually narrowed at both ends, crowded, subsessile, at length
glabrous, shining above, thinly coriaceous, $—1 in. long by }—} in. wide.
Peduncles about as long as the leaves, bearing 1—5 flowers, hairy ; equal to or longer than
the pedicels, arching. Flowers subhermaphrodite, pentamerous. Bracts lanceolate.
Calyx partite, usually but little accrescent ; lobes lanceolate or subulate, acute, hairy.
Corolla exceeding the calyx, glabrous ; lobes reflexed.
Stamens (9—) 10, not always fertile. Style bilobed, hairy below. Ovary nearly glabrous,
4-celled.
Fruit oblong or globose, thinly glandular-pubescent, {—3 in. long, subtended by the usually
reflexed calyx.
South Africa. Cape of Good Hope. Southern and Western districts.
Robertson /, Drege!, Sieber! 94, Wallich!, Mund !, Ecklon! 699, Pappe!, Thom!, Mac
Gillivray / 610, Krauss /, Masson /, Roxburgh !, Niven! 48, Hb. Ammann /, Nelson /, Forster /,
Thunberg !, Oldenburg/, W. Elliot /, Zeyher! 3349, Harvey! 572, Burchell! 2, 808, 5093,
5367, 5784, 6788, 7186, 7208, 7288, Stekmann!
12. ROYENA PARVIFLORA, sp. noy.
h. foliis obovatis, basi cuneatis, apice rotundatis vel ad apicem emarginatum brevissime
et abrupte angustatis, membranaceis vel junioribus subcoriaceis, petiolatis; floribus pentameris,
hermaphroditis, cymosis; calyce depresso-hemispherico, 5-fido, lobis deltoideis ; stylo apice 5-lobo;
ovario 10-loculari.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA, 89
A large scandent shrub with terete branches. Young parts and inflorescence softly shortly
and appressedly pubescent. Leaves alternate, obovate, cuneate at base, rounded or very shortly
and abruptly narrowed to an emarginate apex, membranous or the smaller ones subcoriaceous,
green when dry, glabrous and with inconspicuous veins above, somewhat paler delicately veined
and puberulous beneath, 2—6} in. long by 1—34in. wide; petiole 3-3 1n. long. Cymes axil-
lary on the young shoots, }—% in. long, bearing 3—5 flowers ; common peduncle 4—t in. long;
lateral pedicels }—} in. long, with a narrow bract at base about as long as themselves. Flowers
hermaphrodite, small, creamy-white, articulated at base to pedicel; in bud depresso-conical, about
+in. high and broad. Calyx depresso-hemispherical, short, 5-fid, with flat base, puberulous out-
side; lobes deltoid. Corolla much contorted sinistrorsely as regarded from within, shortly
pubescent outside except on imbricated sides of the lobes, glabrous inside, 5-lobed; lobes obtuse,
rounded, {ths of the depth of the corolla. Stamens 10, hairy, equal, in one row, inserted at base
of corolla. Ovary covered with very short hair, depresso-conical, 10-celled, cells l-ovuled ; style
5-lobed at apex, shortly ha‘ry.
S. Africa, Zulu-land, Incansla. Gerrard and M*Ken! no. 2015.
13. RoYENA GLANDULOSA, Harvey MSS.
Rh. foliis ovato-ellipticis, obiusis, basi rotundatis, subcoriaceis, subsessilibus ; floribus herma-
phroditis, plerumque tetrameris; pedunculis unijfloris; calyce 4-partito; corolld wrceolaté ;
staminibus 8; stylo apice 4-lobo; ovario 8-loculari; fructibus ellipsoideis, glanduloso-hispidis.
A large shrub, “with pretty foliage and habit,” 8—10 feet high. Young shoots, peduncles
and fruit glanduloso-hispid, subferrugious. Branches spreading. Leaves alternate, ovate-ellip-
tical, obtusely pointed at apex, rounded at or near base, thinly coriaceous or firmly membranous,
ciliate and pilosulous beneath, }—1in. long by }—+4in. wide; petioles about +4; in. long, hirsute.
Flowers hermaphrodite, axillary on the young shoots, about } in. long, urceolate, articulated to
the peduncle, tetramerous. Peduncles spreading, 2in. long, 1-flowered, solitary. Calyx pilose
outside, pubescent inside, 4-partite; lobes }in. long, lanceolate, acute, rather patent. Corolla
urceolate, glabrous but margin minutely ciliate, deeply 4-lobed ; lobes rounded, recurved above.
Stamens 8, in one row, inserted at base of corolla, short, equal, 2 opposite each lobe of the
corolla, pilose ; filaments short. Ovary hairy (except perhaps at middle), 8-celled ; style hairy,
4-lobed and glabrous at apex. Fruit ellipsoidal, scarcely } in. long by jin. thick, glandular-
hispid. Fruiting calyx much enlarged, 4 in. long, loosely enclosing the fruit or reflexed, 4-partite;
lobes ovate-oblong, foliaceous, reddish when dry, about 8-nerved inconspicuously.
Rarely a flower is pentamerous.
S. Africa, Port Natal, Tugela. Gerrard and M‘Ken! no. 1608.
Prats II. Flowering and fruiting branches, natural size. a. Peduncle, magnified 5 dia-
meters. b. Hair of peduncle, magnified 30 diameters. c. Flowering calyx, magnified 5 dia-
meters. dd. Interior of corolla with stamens, laid open, magnified 5 diameters. e. Stamen,
magnified 15 diameters. f. Pistil, magnified 5 diameters. g. Transverse section of ovary,
magnified 5 diameters.
Vou. XIT. Parr 1. 12
90 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
EXCLUDED AND NoMINAL SPECIES.
Royena latifolia, Willd. Enum. pl. Berol. Suppl. p. 23 (1813). Name only. Cfr. R. sessi-
hfolia.
Royena media, Hort. ex Steud. Nomencl. bot. edit. ii. vol. ii. p. 475 (1841). Name only.
Cape of Good Hope.
Royena polyandra, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 240 (1781) = Euclea polyandra, E. Mey.
Royena (sp.) n. 15, Eckl. and Zeyh. ex Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. i. p. 71 (1859—60)
= Aberia tristis, Sond.
Royena 9140, Drég. ex Alph. DC. Prodr. vil. p. 216. n, 4 (1844)= Huclea coriacea
Alph. DC.
II. EUCLEA, Linn. Syst. Nat. edit. xi. p. 747 (1774), non Lour.
Flores dicect, rarius polygami, 4—7-meri, racemosi vel paniculati. Calyx non accrescens-
Corolla campanulata vel urceolata, lobis in preefloratione sinistrorse contortis.
FLos Mascutus: Stamina 10—30, sepius geminata. Ovarium plerumque abortivum.
FLos FEeMIneus: staminodia 0, rarius 2—4. Ovarium 4-loculare, varius 2- vel 6-loculare ;
ovula in loculis solitaria, rarius bina im ovariis bilocularibus. Fructus parous, sepius 1-
locularis et 1-spermus.
Frutices vel rarius arbores Africani, foliis alternis vel oppositis vel rarius in tribus verti-
cillatis, cymis axillaribus. a
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 215. n. 1. (1844),
Padus (sp.) Burm. Rar. Afric. pl. p. 238. t. 84, f, 1. (1788).
Royena (sp.) Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 240 (1781).
Celastrus (sp.) Thunb. Fl, Cap., pars post., p. 115 (1800).
Diplonema G. Don, Dict. Gard. and Bot. tv. p, 42 (18387).
Myrsine (sp.) Hochst. in Pl, Schimp. Abyss. exsice, sect. i n, 159 (1840).
Rymia Endl. gen. pl. n, 4250 p, 743 (1835—40).
Kellaua Alph, DC, in Ann, Se. Nat. ser. ii. vol. xvI. p. 96 (1841).
Brachycheila Harv. in Linnea xx, p, 192 (1847).
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 91
Dicecious or occasionally polygamous. Calyx campanulate or small and flattish, 4—7-lobed,
usually 4—5-fid; lobes lanceolate ovate or deltoid; not accrescent. Corolla campanulate or
hemispherical, 4—7-lobed, 4—5-fid or -partite or -lobed only near the apex.
é Stamens 10—30, usually 12—20, either free or in pairs or combined at base of
filaments, in one or two rows, inserted at base of interior of tube of corolla or hypo-
gynous or partly in both ways, sometimes inserted on an hypogynous ring; anthers hairy
or glabrous, oblong or lanceolate, 2-celled, dehiscing laterally ; filaments short, usually
slender and glabrous. Styles 1—2. Ovary usually abortive.
Q Staminodes usually absent, sometimes 2—4, glabrous; anthers 0, Styles 2 (or 1, bifid),
usually clabrous, rarely 3; stigmas emarginate or bifid at apex; ovary ovoid or globular, hairy
or glabrous, usually 4-celled, rarely 2- or 6-celled; ovules 4, or rarely 6 when the ovary is
6-celled, pendulous. Fruit globular or rarely ovoid-conical, usually 1-celled and 1-seeded ; peri-
carp fleshy. The fruit is edible and is called Guarry. Seed globular, usually marked outside
by 3 longitudinal depressed lines. Albumen cartilaginous, usually with a normal intrusion of
the testa at the micropyle, distinctly ruminated in a few species; embryo usually some-
what curved with its concavity towards the centre of the seed, tending to be incumbent ;
radicle superior, about as long as the foliaceous cotyledons. Flowers in axillary racemes or
rarely in panicles or solitary.
African shrubs or trees with alternate or opposite leaves, or rarely verticillate 3 together.
Leaves quite entire except FE. ovata and LE. coriacea in which they are sometimes minutely
or obscurely crenulate; usually coriaceous, often obovate, not acuminate except in £. ovata,
evergreen.
The name is derived from the Greek evxAeia, glory, in consequence of the beautiful
evergreen foliage.
12—2
92 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
EUCLEA. Key TO THE SPECIES.
|Ovary hairy. Stamens 15—30.
Corolla 4—7-lobed only at apex.
Leaves elliptical or obovate, flat or nearly so, not or very rarely cordate at base.
Stamens 20—30. ¢ racemes }—1}in. long. 1. £. polyandra.
Stamens 18. d¢racemes short. 2. E. tomentosa.
Leaves ovate, subcordate, wavy. Stamens 16—17. 3. £. coriacea.
Leaves linear or lanceolate, flat, not cordate at base.
‘Flowers pentamerous or hexamerous. Leaves not falcate.
| Leaves oblong-lanceolate, about tin. wide, apiculate. 4 LE. acutifolia.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, about ;;—14 in. wide. _
| Lower leaves obtuse, not apiculate. Flowers nearly glabrous. 5. . lancea.
Leayes apiculate. Flowers hairy. 6. #. pseudebenus.
Flowers tetramerous or rarely pentamerous. Leaves faleate. 7. £. linearis.
Corolla 4—5-fid or -partite.
Fruiting calyx-tube receiving the base of the fruit.
$ Flowers racemose, 3—9 together.
Leaves quite entire, obtuse or subacute. 8. £. lanceolata.
Leaves minutely crenulate or acutely apiculate. 9. £. ovata.
é Flowers panicled or many together.
Leaves glabrous, subglaucous, opposite. 10. £. divinorum.
Leaves pubescent or not glaucous, alternate. ll. E. multiflora.
Fruiting calyx-tube consolidated and articulated to thickened pedicel.
|F ruits many together. Albumen not ruminated. 12. E. fructuosa.
|Fruits 83—4 together. Albumen ruminated. 13. E. natalensis.
Ovary usually glabrous or chiefly so. Stamens 10—18 usually about 12.
Leaves flat or nearly so. Ovary quite glabrous or rarely pubescent all over.
Racemes dense. Leaves usually opposite or verticillate 3 together. Ovary 2—6-celled.
Leaves obovate. Ovary 2-celled. Staminodes 0. 14. EF. bilocularis.
Leaves obvate-oblong. Ovary 2-, 4-, 6-celled. Staminodes 0. 15. E. macrophylla.
Leaves oblanceolate-oblong. Ovary 4-, 6-celled. Staminodes 0-4 16. L. daphnoides.
| Male racemes lax. Leaves subopposite or alternate. Ovary 4-celled.
Ovary glabrous. Staminodes 0. Abyssinian. 17. £. Kellau.
Ovary pubescent or rarely glabrous. Staminodes 2—4. 8. African. 18. E. racemosa.
Leaves wavy or very small. Ovary hairy at base, glabrous above. 19. £. wndulata.
1, EvciEs potyanpra, E. Mey, Cat. Pl. exsice. Afr. Austr. Drég. p. 7 (1837).
E. foliis ellipticis, alternis vel suboppositis, obtusis, basi subangustatis rotundatis vel raris-
sime cordatis, breviter petiolatis, coriaceis, planis ; cymis racemosis; floribus 5—7-meris, diecis,
corolla apice lobaté; staminibus 20—30, in floribus femineis 0; ovario hirsuto.
Royena polyandra, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 240 (1781), non Willd. Hb. n. 8366;
Diplonema elliptica, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. Iv. p. 42 (1837);
Rymia polyandra, Endl. Cat. hort. Acad. Vindob. 1. p. 123, n, 4583 (1843) ;
E. elliptica, Alph. DC. Prodr. yin. p. 216, n, 1 (1844) ;
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA, 93
E. Dregeana, Alph. DC. Le. n. 2;
E. ferruginea, Bernh. in Flora xxvu. ii. p. 825 (1844) ;
E. pubescens, Eckl. et Zeyh. in Linnea xx. p. 192 (1847);
Brachycheila pubescens, Harv. ex Eckl. et Zeyh. lc.
A shrub 3—7 feet high, pubescent often ferruginous but sometimes glabrescent at
least in the male plant, diccious. Branches terete or subterete, alternate or subopposite.
Leaves more or less elliptical, alternate or subopposite, more or less obtuse at apex, some-
what narrowed, rounded, or even in rare cases cordate at base, coriaceous, quite entire,
flat, shortly petiolate, 1—3in. long by }—I}in. wide; petioles ;{—}in. long.
6. Cymes racemose, axillary, pubescent, 3—9-flowered, usually drooping, }—1} in. long;
pedicels ;;—} in. long, the lower ones the longer; bracts lanceolate, caducous. Flowers }in.
long, urceolate, 5—7-merous, pubescent. Calyx ;4— in. long, glabrous inside; lobes lanceolate
or deltoid. Corolla urcevlate, lobed only near apex. Stamens 20—30, more or less united at
base in pairs or otherwise, hairy. Ovary more or less abortive, with two slender styles.
@. Cymes usually 3- rarely 4—5-fiowered, axillary, =;—}in. long, pubescent or tomen-
tose, usually drooping ; pedicels short; bracts caducous. Flowers jin. long, ellipsoidal, 5—7-
merous. Calyx shorter than the corolla, 5—7-fid; lobes ovate or deltoid. Corolla shortly
lobed at apex. Staminodes 0. Ovary ovoid-conical, hairy, 4-celled, 4-ovuled, in. long, sur-
mounted by 2 short styles glabrous above which just appear at the mouth of the corolla.
Stigmas emarginate. Fruit usually solitary, occasionally 2—3 together, tomentose, usually
ferruginous, globular }—+in. in diameter, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed globular; albumen some-
what ruminated.
The shrub is called Kersse-bosch by the natives im South Africa.
Frequent in S. and SW. districts of Cape Colony up to 2000 ft. alt. Masson! ; Niven! 47,
53; R. C. Alexander !; Burchell! 4807 2, 48737, 4998 ?, 6941; Ecklon! 727; Krauss; Zeyher /
3362, 3363, 3364; Drege!
2. EvucLEA TOMENTOSA, E. Mey. Cat. Pl. exsicc. Afr. Austr. Drég. p. 7 (1837).
E, foliis alternis, ellipticis, basi cuneatis, apice obtusiusculis vel obtuse angustatis, tomen-
tosis, planis, coriaceis, breviter petiolatis ; cymis breviter racemosis, 1—8-floris ; floribus 5—7-
meris, diecis; corollé apice lobatd ; staminibus 18, in floribus femineis 0; ovario tomentoso,
4-loculari.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vii. p. 216. n. 3 (1844).
‘ &. Kraussiana Bernh. in Flora xxviii. p. 824 (1844).
A shrub about 4 feet high or more with dark brown bark and branches cinereo-
tomentose at the extremities. Leaves alternate, elliptical, in most cases obtusely pointed
or mucronate at apex and wedge-shaped or obtusely narrowed at base, coriaceous, tomen-
tose, shortly petiolate, 1}—12in. long by 4—}in. wide; petioles ;;—,4 im. long.
| g. Cymes racemose, axillary, few—S-flowered, much shorter than the leaves, pedicels
rather longer than the flowers, crowded. Stamens 18, free or somewhat connate at the base.
94 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
@. Cymes tomentose, densely racemose, axillary, 1—several-flowered, pendulous, shorter
than the leaves; pedicels ,in. long. Flowers }in. long, 5—T7-merous, when solitary with
numerous imbricated caducous bracts on the short peduncle. Corolla } in. long, shortly lobed,
villous outside, glabrous inside, urceolate or campanulate, nearly 8 times the length of the
calyx. Staminodes 0. Ovary tomentose, 4-celled, 4-ovuled. Styles 2, nearly glabrous. Fruit
solitary, on peduncle ;4—}in. long, pubescent erect or erect-patent. Immature fruit ovoid,
somewhat conical at apex, incano-tomentose, 4-celled, 3—} in. long by }—,§,in. thick.
Fruiting calyx 5—7-fid, very tomentose, shallow ; lobes deltoid.
Called Kersboschjes also Faahdls-bosch by the natives in South Africa.
Occurs in Western districts of Cape Colony up to 2000ft. alt. Masson/; Drege! ;
Krauss; (2) Burchell! 987. Namaqualand, Whitehead!
3. Euciea cortAcea, Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 216. n. 4 (1844).
E, foliis ovatis, alternis, plerumque acutis, apiculatis, bast latis et subcordatis, subgla-
brescentibus, breviter petiolatis, undatis; cymis densis, 6 1—8-floris, 9 3—T-floris; floribus
5—6-meris, diecis; corolld apice lobatd; staminibus 16—17; fructibus globosts, subglabratis.
Euclea n. 9140, E. Mey. Zwei Pflanz. Doc. Drég. in Flora xxvi. i. p, 48(1849).
Royena n. 9140, Drég. ex Alph. DC. Le. (Hb. DC}).
A dense shrub with strong dark-cinereous branches. Young parts and inflorescence slightly
pubescent. Leaves alternate, ovate, more or less acute, apiculate, wide and subcordate at base ;
coriaceous, pubescent, nearly glabrescent, without evident veins above, veined and duller
beneath, 1—2in. long by }—1}in. wide; margins wavy, sometimes obscurely crenulate;
petioles ranging up to iin. long. Bracts ovate, small, caducous.
g Flowers ,in. long, axillary, 1—3 together, crowded ; pedicels shorter than the flowers.
Calyx 5—6-fid ; lobes ovate, acute. Corolla urceolate, 4 times the length of the calyx, 5—6-
lobed at the apex. Stamens 16—17, sometimes in pairs; anthers linear lanceolate, silky at the
back. Ovary rudimentary.
9. Flowers 3—7 together; peduncles very short; pedicels ranging up to jin. long. Calyx
(in fruit) 5—6-fid, nearly flat, stellate, }in. in diameter; lobes ovate or lanceolate, acute.
Fruit globose, }—2in. in diameter, subglabrate or minutely puberulous, 1-celled, 1-seeded ;
seeds subglobose, about }in. in diameter, marked outside with depressed curved lines; testa
intruded into the hard ruminated albumen.
East-midland districts of Cape Colony, S. Africa. Tafelberg, Drége/, in moist and rocky
places, 6000—7000 ft. alt. (in g flower, December); side of Mount Oudeberg near Graaff Reinet,
4500 ft. alt., November, Bolus/ n. 638 (in fruit).
4. EucLEA ACUTIFOLIA, E. Mey. Cat. Pl. Exsicc. Afr. Austr. Drég. p. 7 (1837),
E. foliis alternis, oblongo-lanceolatis, apiculatis, coriaceis, glabris, basi cuneatis, subsessili-
bus ; cymis femineis dense racemosis ; calyce 6-lobato ; corollé apice lobatd ; ovario dense piloso;
fructibus dense racemosis, globosis, glabrescentibus,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA, 95
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 217. n. 5 (1844).
Shrub with glabrous leaves and branches. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, apiculate, thickly
coriaceous, alternate, cuneate at base, subsessile, erect, subglaucescent, 14—2} in. in length by
about 4 in. in width.
@. Fruit densely racemose on cymes }in. long; pedicels very short, 3—7; flowers
3 in. long, cylindrico-urceolate, pubescent, pentamerous. Calyx short. Corolla lobed at apex.
Ovary densely pilose; styles 2, erect, glabrous; stigmas dilated. Fruit globose, glabrescent,
finely netted, dark, 3—4 in. in diameter. Fruit-calyx very small, with 6 or more lobes; seeds
unequally divided by three depressed lines ; albumen slightly ruminated.
South Western districts, Cape of Good Hope. I have seen this plant only in fruit. The
flower is unknown. Between Vierentwintig-rivier and Pikenierskloof on the plain, under
500 feet, January, Drége!; Ecklon and Zeyher!
5. EvcLea LANcEA, Thunb.! Prodr. Pl. Capens., pars posterior, p. 85 (1800).
EL. folvis alternis, lineari-lanceolatis vel oblanceolatis, inequalibus, inferioribus apice rotun-
datis superioribus acutis, subsessilibus, glabris; cymis 3-floris; floribus subhermaphroditis (2),
5—6-meris ; corolla apice lobatd, subglabra; staminibus 15; ovario hirsuto.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vir. p. 219. n. 16 (1844).
A glabrous shrub, erect, 3 ft. or more high. Branches alternate, terete, erect-patent
Leaves alternate, subsessile, linear-lanceolate or -oblanceolate, unequal, the lower ones rounded,
the upper acute at the apex, attenuate at base, coriaceous, 1—2 in. long by about } in. wide,
entire, inconspicuously reticulato-venose. Flowers axillary, “in 3-flowered cymes,” very nearly
glabrous, urceolate, 4 in. long by 4 in. wide (imperfectly hermaphrodite ?). Calyx short, ;, in.
high by + in. wide, obscurely 5—6-lobed, coriaceous. Corolla 5—6-lobed at apex, shortly
ciliate, imbricated in estivation. Stamens 15, alternately (?) in pairs and single; the pairs
consisting of 2 equal or unequal anthers placed back and front on a common filament or
combined by their filaments, alternating with the corolla-lobes. Anthers pointed, with short
patent pale sete on upper half, dehiscing laterally; filaments dark glabrous slender, shorter
than the majority of the anthers, mostly inserted at the base of the corolla. Ovary hairy,
#; in. wide and long, ovoid-conical, rudimentary or 4-celled? and -ovuled? Styles 2, glabrous,
erect; stigmas punctiform, emarginate at apex,
Cape of Good Hope. Thunberg/
Near EZ. pseudebenus, E. Meyer, but differs by its obtuse lower leaves and nearly glabrous
corolla; it may possibly include 2. pseudebenus as a form of the same species.
6. EUCLEA PSEUDEBENUS, E. Mey. Cat. Pl. Exsicc. Afr. Austr. Drég. p. 7 (1837).
E. foliis alternis, linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis, apiculatis, glabris, breviter petiolatis ;
cymis masculis racemosis 8—7-floris, femineis parvis 1—38-floris; floribus diacis, plerumque
5-meris; corolld pubescente, apice lobatéd; staminibus 16—22, in flore femineo 0; ovario
pubescente, 4-loculari.
96 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ,
Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 217. n. 7 (1844).
E. rigida, E. Mey. lc. Alph. DC. l. c. n. 6.
E. angustifolia, Benth. Niger Fl. p. 441 (1849). Leaves and branches glabrous or pu-
bescent. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, apiculate, erect or patent, alternate, coriaceous,
very shortly petiolate, crowded, 1—2} in. in length by ~;—} in. in width; petioles 3,—+# in. in
length.
6. Cymes racemose, hairy, bearing 3—7 flowers, erect or erect-patent, }—2 m. in
length; pedicels slender, ,—1in. in length; flowers ~;—+ in. ia length, puberulous or
incano-pubescent, usually pentamerous, rarely hexamerous; calyx with deltoid lobes reaching
half way down; corolla lobed at apex; stamens 16—22, with a few bristles on the lanceo-
late anthers or glabrous; filaments more or less combined at the base, inserted around base
of rudimentary ovary.
9. Flowers solitary or two or three together, or in small cymes, } in. in length, pen-
tamerous ; peduncles 3;—+} in. in length, not drooping. Stamens 0; styles 2; ovary 4-celled,
pubescent; fruit 1-celled, I-seeded, glabrescent, globular, 1 in. in diameter; albumen not or
scarcely ruminated ; fruit edible, fleshy, sweet and slightly astringent; seeds marked by three
depressed lines.
There are three forms of this species according as the plant is glabrous with linear
leaves, pubescent with linear leaves, or glabrous with linear-lanceolate glaucescent leaves.
The two latter forms belong to £. angustifolia, Benth. and #. rigida, E. Mey. respectively.
It is known by the names of Orange river ebony, black ebony, zwartebbenhout, and
sneezewood. It is a large shrub, 6—8 ft. high or a tree, the heart-wood of which is extremely
hard and black. It occurs in the western districts of South Africa, up to an elevation of
4000 ft., and reaches the tropics. Drege!/; Niven! n. 46. Namaqualand, Dr Atherstone! n. 2;
Wyley! S.W. Tropical Africa, lat. 23°, Chapman and Baines!; Curror/; Angola, Distr.
Mossamedes, shrub, 5—8 feet high, flowers white, dicecious, fruit the size of a pea, edible,
glaucous-bluish (as in Juniperus communis), called by the natives (as also Huclea lanceolata)
Embolo, quite frequent in thickets and woods in company with Tamaria and Cordia near
the rivers Bero and Maiombo, Dr Welwitsch / nos. 2543, 2544.
Note, This species may prove identical with E. lancea, Thunb.
7. Evcira Linearts, Zeyher in Linnea xx. p. 192 (1847, sine descriptione).
E, foliis alternis suboppositis vel oppositis, linearibus, acutis, falcatis, nwmerosis, sessilibus,
glabris ; cymis racemosis, 3—T7-floris; floribus diccis, tetrameris; corolld breviter 4-fidd ;
staminibus 16, in flore femineo 0; ovario hirsuto.
Plant quite glabrous and subglaucous, dicecious, 2}—8ft. high, Branches numerous, at
about 35° with stem. Leaves alternate opposite or subopposite, linear, acute, usually some-
what faleate, sessile, numerous, 1 to 24 in. in length by ,'; in. in width. Cymes racemose,
bearing 3—7 flowers, g } to 4 in, in length (excluding flower), usually drooping; 9 } to } in.
in length, pedicels not exceeding #5 in. in length, less on the ? plant, opposite or alternate,
falling short of or equalling the bracts; bracts at base of pedicels, caducous.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE, 97
é. Flower 4 in. in length. Calyx small, flattish, 4-fid. with wide lobes, Corolla barrel-
shaped, 4-lobed, many times higher than calyx; lobes about } depth of corolla, not reflexed,
semi-circular and imbricated in flower. Stamens 16, the few inner ones smaller, glabrous or
nearly so, ;';—y5 in. long; anthers oblong, 2-celled, dehiscing laterally, thick; filaments very
short, thinner than anthers, inserted with corolla, Ovary rudimentary, slightly hairy, terminated
by 1 or 2 styles.
?. Bracts linear, rather longer than pedicel; flower about +; in. in length. Calyx
campanulate, j;in. in height, 4lobed; lobes not quite half the depth of the calyx, with
intervening sinuses in the form of ares of circles. Corolla openly campanulate, shortly 4-fid,
with spreading not reflexed oval or ovate lobes, j; in. in length; stamens 0. Ovary ellipsoidal,
hairy, terminated by 2 thick glabrous styles, #, in. in height; styles 34, in. long, erect, con-
tiguous, dilated, and emarginate at apex; ovary 4-celled, 4-ovuled, two of the septa being very
slender, namely, those opposite the styles.
Rarely a flower is pentamerous.
Western districts of Cape Colony, South Africa, Zeyher!’ 1125, Windhoek, Olifant River ;
Burke! Great Fish River.
8. EUCLEA LANCEOLATA, E. Mey. Cat. Pl. Exsicc, Afr. Austr. Dreg. p. 7 (1837).
E, foliis alternis vel oppositis, lanceolatis ovatis vel anguste ellipticis, apice obtusis vel
subacutis, plerumque undulatis et basi in petiolum brevem angustatis, integerrimis ; cymis race-
mosis, 3—9-floris ; floribus dicecis, 4- raro 5- meris; calyce campanulato ; corolld 4—5-fidd ;
staminibus 16—17, in flore femineo 0; ovario hirsutissimo.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vir. p. 218. n. 12 (1844).
E. ochrocarpa, E. Mey. Zwei Pflanz. Doc. Dreg. p. 184; in Flora, 1843; Alph. DC. Zc.
p. 217. n, 9.
E. desertorum, Eckl. and Zeyh. in Linnea xx. p. 192 (1847).
Pubescent glabrous or glaucescent shrub or tree, ranging up to 20—25 feet high and
trunk up to 10—15 inches thick ; dicecious; branches terete, at 30’—45°; young shoots angular.
Leaves lanceolate ovate or narrowly elliptical, alternate or opposite, coriaceous, obtuse or
subacute at apex (very rarely acute), more or less undulating at the entire margins, often
narrowed at base into the short petiole, 1—8 in. long by ~,—1,) in. wide; petioles jj;—} in.
long. Inflorescence racemose, often with leaf-like bracts.
6. Racemes }—1 in. long, 3—9-flowered; occasionally two racemes proceed from the
1 Flowers usually tetramerous, occasionally pentamerous,
same axil; pedicels };—¥}, in. long.
35—3; in. long. Calyx widely campanulate, small; lobes deltoid, about half the length of
the calyx. Corolla campanulate; lobes ovate or oval, about half the length of the corolla,
somewhat pubescent outside. Stamens 16—17 (very rarely 8—10), mostly inserted in pairs
at base of corolla, shorter than the corolla; anthers hispid or nearly glabrous, as long as the
slender filaments. Ovary rudimentary, hirsute ; styles 2, glabrous.
Q. Racemes } in. long, pubescent, 3—5-flowered; pedicels 35 in. long. Flowers tetra-
merous or pentamerous. Calyx and corolla as in the male plant. Staminodes 0. Ovary sub-
globose, very hirsute, 4-celled ; styles 2, glabrous, as high as the corolla. Fruit globular, } in.
Wei, JUG Jee bh 18
98 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
in diameter, pubescent or glabrescent, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Testa intruded some distance into
the albumen.
A very variable species, and in some cases difficult to separate from JL. ovata, Burch., to
which possibly it ought to be united; it is also nearly related to H. divinorum. It is called
Omgwali by the Kaffirs, according to Dr Pappe.
South Africa; Cape Colony, Namaqualand, Natal and Trans-Vaal; common. Masson /;
Burchell! 4880, 4938, 5648; Drege!; Ecklon! 1123. Uitenhage, Harvey! 575, 690; Zeyher /
3355, 8357, 33592; Bothasberg, in stony places at 2000 ft. alt. Mac Owan/ 902; Bruintjies
Hoghte, 4000 ft. alt. Mac Owan! 1740; Albany, T. Wilhkamson/; Caffraria, Bowker ! 324;
Namaqualand, Drége/; Natal, Gerrard! 33, 528, 1155, 1156, 1605; Macalisberg, Trans-Vaal,
Burke !
Dr Welwitsch has collected the following forms from Benguela:
a. Leaves glabrous and shining, young ones lepidote; branches spreading.
Benguela, Distr. Bumbo, 15° South Latitude, 2000 ft. altitude ; shrub, 8 ft. high, in thickets ;
in male flower at end of October; Dr Welwitsch / n. 2548. Distr. Mossamedes; much branched
shrub, 5—8 ft. high, branches occasionally 3 or 4 together; ¢ flowers of pale rose-colour;
frequent in rocky places near the river Meriombo in company with Tamari« articulata and
Ximenia americana, from Pedra de Rei almost to Bumbo; Dr Welwitsch! n. 2547. Distr.
Huilla; shrub 4—6 ft. high, with rather rigid and tortuous ramification; 2 flowers fallen;
ovary hairy; at margins of woods between Mumpulla and Nene, at end of October; Dr
Welwitsch! n. 2549. Distr. Benguela; shrub 4—6 ft. high, with virgate usually opposite
branches; in maritime thickets near the city of Benguela; fruit in middle of June; Dr
Telwitsch ! n. 2545. Distr. Mossamedes; shrub, occasionally arborescent, 7—12 ft. high, ever-
green; frequent in sandy and rocky thickets very near the river Bero; July; native name
Nboto or Emboto; fruit edible, berries red; Dr Welwitsch! n. 2546.
8. Leaves and shoots pubescent. Branches ascending.
Benguela, Distr. Huilla; small shrub 1—1} ft. high; flowers white; in somewhat stony
thickets near Mumpulla, not unfrequent; male flower in October; Dr Welwitsch! n. 2550;
Cfr. £. ovata, Burch. Distr. Huilla; small shrub 1—1} ft. high, subeespitose; frequent in
steep pastures on right bank of river Lopollo in company with small myrtaceous plants; flowers
in November, fruits in February; Dr Welwitsch! nn. 2551, 2552.
The following two specimens may also belong to this variable species:
Distr. Huilla; a small shrub, 6—8 in. high, from a woody base; fruit dark purple, edible,
iin. in diameter; in moist sandy thickets on the right bank of the river Lopollo in com-
pany with small species of Eugenia and Celastrus; fruit in January; Dr Welwitsch! n. 2553.
Arborescent shrub; in thickets on the sides of large rocks; Pedras de Guinga, Angola. Distr.
Pungo Andongo; March, in young fruit; Dr Welwitsch/ n. 1247.
9. Evctea ovata, Burch. Trav. Int. S. Afr. 1. p. 387 (1822).
E. foliis ellipticis vel acutd ovatis, oppositis vel alternis, plerumque apiculatis, breviter
petiolatis, rigidis, margine planis et minute crenulatis vel undulatis et integerrimis; cymis
racemosis, 3—7-floris ; floribus sub-diwcis vel polygamis ; calyce depresso-campanulato ; corolla
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACES, 99
4—5-fidd ; staminibus 16 vel 20, in floribus sub-hermaphroditis circiter 12; ovario hirsuto ;
Ffructibus globosis, primiim pubescentibus, dem&m glabris.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vi. p. 218. n. 13 (1844).
Celastrus crispus, Thunb. Fl. Cap. edit. ii. vol. m1. p. 115 (1820). Cfr. Sond. in Harv.
et Sond. Fl. Cap. L p. 461 (1859—60).
E. rufescens, EH. Mey. Cat. Pl. Exsice. Afr. Austr. Drég. p. 7 (1837).
Royena rufescens, EK. Mey. Cat. Pl. Dreg. p. 154 (Flora, 1843).
A densely leafy shrub pubescent or sometimes glabrescent, 3—7 ft. high; branches terete,
at 50°—60°. Leaves opposite or alternate, elliptical or narrowly ovate, usually apiculate, acute
or obtuse, coriaceous, shortly petiolate, minutely crenulate or quite entire, flat or undulated,
1—2 in. long by {—1 in. wide; petioles ,—5 m. long. Racemes 3—7-flowered, at length
drooping, 3,—2 in. long; pedicels j,—, in. long; flowers tetramerous or occasionally penta-
merous, sub-dicecious or polygamous, pubescent, #—} in. long. Calyx shortly campanulate ;
lobes deltoid. Corolla campanulate, 4—5-fid. Stamens 16 or 20, in subhermaphrodite flowers
about 12, hairy; filaments slender, glabrous. Styles 2, glabrous; ovary hirsute, globose or ovoid,
(2—) 4-celled.
Fruit globose, black, of the size of a pea, at first pubescent but at length glabrous.
The flavour of the fruit is pleasant with a little astringency and perfectly wholesome.
The variety with undulated leaves 20 stamens and less deeply divided corolla (Z. ru-
fescens) much resembles EL. coriacea, Alph. DC.
Occurs in midland districts of Cape Colony: and northwards into the Kalihari region .
of South Africa. Burchell! 1706, 2487—2, 2487—7, 2542, 2920, 3058—1, 3058—2, 3102;
Drege!
10. EUCLEA DIVINORUM, sp. nov.
E. foliis ellipticis, oppositis, a medio utrinque angustatis, obtusis, breviter petiolatis, supra
glaucescentibus, undulatis; cymis masculis conferto-~racemosis vel-paniculatis; floribus 4—5-merrs,
diecis; corolld profunde 4—5-lobd ; staminibus 16.
Shrub, ‘nearly glabrous and somewhat glaucous, with opposite or subopposite leaves and
branches; branches terete, making 30°—40° with the stem. Leaves elliptical, narrowed more
or less from the middle towards both ends especially towards the base into the short petiole,
obtuse, coriaceous, glaucescent above, reddish and somewhat farinaceous beneath; margins
undulated; veins inconspicuous; 14—2}in. long by }—$in. wide; petioles about jin. long.
Bracts small, shorter than the pedicels, caducous.
Male flowers in crowded racemes or panicles, about 10 or more together, globular in
bud, hemispherical when expanded, tetramerous or pentamerous. Cymes not exceeding 5% in.
long by 4in. broad, usually erect; pedicels about 75 in. long, spreading. Calyx jin. high,
4.—5-fid; lobes small or depresso-deltoid. Corolla deeply 4—5-lobed, with a few whitish
appressed hairs outside especially along the middle of the lobes, nearly glabrous inside; lobes
rounded. Stamens 16, not in pairs, ,in. long, as high as the expanded corolla; anthers
oblong, hairy; filaments shorter, glabrous. Ovary rudimentary, consisting of an ovoid bunch
of hairs.
138—2
100 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Female plant unknown. Called by the natives in Batoka country Matlakula, Mosakola,
where it is the medicine of the diviners being rubbed in the hands.
South Tropical Africa, Victoria Falls, Dr Kirk/; Delagoa Bay, Forbes!
11. EUcCLEA MULTIFLORA, sp. nov. Puate III.
E. foliis ellipticis vel oblongis, apice rotundatis vel obtusis, basi subangustatis, alternis
vel raro suboppositis; cymis presertim masculis paniculatis, multifloris; floribus polygamus,
5- raro 6-meris; calyce campanulato; corolla profunde lobaté; staminibus numero corolle
loborum quadruplis, in flore femineo 0; ovario hirsuto.
Pubescent subglabrous or even subglaucous shrub, usually subferrugimous, polygamous
but usually dicecious, sometimes hermaphrodite, 2—10 ft. high. Branches usually angular near
the extremities. Leaves elliptical or oblong, usually rounded or obtuse at apex and somewhat
narrowed at base into the petiole, coriaceous, alternate or rarely sub-opposite, often dark and
shining on the upper surface; veins usually not conspicuous; margins undulated or plane;
1—4in. in length by ;3—1in. in width; petiole ,8—1in. in length. Flowers especially the
male ones paniculate, sometimes as many as 30in one panicle, variable in size, tetramerous
or pentamerous or rarely hexamerous. Calyx campanulate, hairy, with ovate or deltoid lobes
extending about half way down the calyx. Corolla about twice as long as the calyx, dark,
deeply lobed; lobes oval usually with a hairy keel outside. Stamens 4 times as numerous
as the lobes of the corolla in the male or hermaphrodite plants, none in the female plant,
subglabrous or somewhat hairy, in pairs inserted at base of corolla or around base of ovary,
outer ones longer, enclosed in corolla; filaments glabrous. Ovary in male flowers often abor-
tive, in female or hermaphrodite flowers globular, hairy, 4-celled, cells 1-ovuled; styles 2,
glabrous or nearly so, included within the corolla.
A variable and widely distributed plant. Flowers in August and fruits from September
to October. Fruit at first pubescent, in most cases ferruginously so, subsequently black and
glabrous, globular, 3,in. in diameter, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Embryo curved and tending to be
incumbent.
Cape of Good Hope, Natal and Angola.
Wallich!; ? Bergius!; Zeyher! 767, 778, 3361; Grahamstown, Mac Owan/; Burchell,
3510, 3572, 3980 (seeds consumed by a species of Apion), 4835; Albany, Miss Bowker / ;
Eastern districts, Hutton!; British Kaffraria, Cooper/ 44; Clanwilliam, Zeyher/; Natal,
Gueinzius !, Cooper / 1253, Gerrard! 92, 699.
Benguela, Distr. Huilla, Dr Welwitsch! n. 2557, arborescent shrub 5—8, sometimes
10 ft. high, forming a dense dark green head, young fruit 1- rarely 2-seeded, hirsute-tomen-
tose, in thickets, Matus de Monino, February. Do. Dr Welwitsch! n. 2555, bush 4—8 ft. high,
in high thickets near Tau, in bud, May. Do. Dr Welwitsch! n. 1258, handsome shrub 5—8
feet high, in thickets at the skirts of woods near Lopollo, leaves frequently attacked by a
fungus (Spheria). Angola, distr. Pungo Andongo, Dr Welwitsch! n. 1257, bush 5—7 feet
high with erect trunk 2—2}in. in diameter and spreading branches towards the top, branches
and fruit tomentose, at first whitish, soon becoming rufous, leaves dark-green with a high
polish, in stony woods at Barrancos de Catele, young fruit in December.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 101
Plate Ill. Fig. 1. Flowering branch, natural size. a. Flower unexpanded, magnified
5 diameters. b. Flower expanded, magnified 5 diameters. c. Interior of corolla with stamens,
laid open, magnified 6 diameters. d. Pistil, magnified 5 diameters.
Fig. 2. Flowering branch of another form of the same species, natural size. e. Flower
unexpanded, magnified 5 diameters. jf. Flower expanded, magnified 5 diameters.
12. EUCLEA FRUCTUOSA, sp. nov.
E. folixs obovato-oblongis, basi in petiolum cuneatis, alternis vel suboppositis ; cymis femineis
racemosis vel paniculatis, 3—20-floris ; calyce 4—5-lobo, tubo in fructu farcto, lobis deltoideis
parvis ; coroll4 4—5-fida (2), interdum ad fructus apicem marcescente; fructibus numerosis,
fulvo-pubescentibus.
Varying in size from a small to an arborescent shrub with softly pubescent fulvous
and terete branches spreading at 35’—40° with the stem. Leaves obovate-oblong, cuneate at
base into the petiole, coriaceous, quickly glabrescent and nitescent, alternate or subopposite ;
margins reflexed, net-veins numerous and delicate; 1—4}in. in length by 3—1} in. in width;
petioles 3,—2in. in length, pubescent.
2
Q Racemes or panicles j—1in. in length, bearing from 3—20 flowers and nearly as
many fruits, pubescent; pedicels short not exceeding ;;in. in length, dilated upwards in
fruit to articulation with calyx. Fruit pale or darker, fulvo-pubescent, about 4in. in diameter,
1-celled, 1 seeded; embryo somewhat curved and tending to be incumbent; albumen not
ruminated. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes deltoid, acute, small; tube consolidated in fruit and bearing
fruit at its apex. Corolla 4—5-fid (?) ; sometimes marcescent ; lobes ovate.
Known only in fruit. Grows in dry places, &c. East Tropical Africa. Zambesia, Luame
river mouth, 8 Feb. 1861, Dr Kirk!; between ,Tette and the sea coast, 16 March, 1860,
Dr Kirk!; Zanguebar, Dar Salam, October to December, 1868, Dr Kirk!
13. EvcLEA NATALENSIS, Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 218, n. 10 (1844).
E. foliis alternis, angusté ellipticis, basi cuneatis, petiolatis, undulatis, glabrescentibus ;
cymis femineis racemosis, 8—10-floris ; calyce fructifero 4—5-fido, tubo farcto, lobis deltoideis ;
fructibus subglabris.
E. macrophylla, E. Mey. d, non a, b, Zwei Pflanz. Doc. Drég. p. 184 in Flora 1843.
Royena macrophylla, E. Meyer, d! in Hb. DC. (Prodr. 1. c.)
Young parts pubescent. Leaves alternate, erect, narrowly elliptical and cuneate at base
into petiole, coriaceous, glabrescent, 2—4in. in length by }—4in. in width; margins undu-
lated; petioles ;3—+in. in length.
9 Racemes solitary about }in. in length, bearing 8—10 flowers and about 4 fruits. Pedi-
cels very short, dilated upwards in fruit to articulation with calyx. Calyx 4—5-fid, glabrescent ;
lobes deltoid, acute; tube consolidated in fruit, with small spreading limb, and bearing fruit
at its apex. Berry dark, sub-glabrous, globular }—4in. in diameter, 1-celled, 1-seeded; seed
globose, black, marked outside with 3 longitudinal lines, albumen somewhat ruminated.
Port Natal. Drege!; Peddie!
102 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
14. EUcLEA BILOCULARIS, sp. nov.
E. foliis alternis oppositis et in tribus verticillatis, obovatis, apice rotundatis, basi cuneatis,
breviter petiolatis ; cymis femineis racemosis, sub-9-floris ; pedicellis brevissimis; floribus tetra-
meris; calyce 4-dentato ; corolla breviter 4-lobd ; staminodiis 0; ovario biloculari, glabro, loculis
biovulatis.
Glabrous. Branches at 50°, sometimes whorled 3 together. Leaves obovate, cuneate at
base, rounded at apex, somewhat undulating, coriaceous, alternate opposite and in whorls of
3: veins inconspicuous, in relief on both sides, dark green above, ruddier beneath; 2—3 in.
long by 4—12 in. wide, shortly petiolate; petioles about 5 in. long.
Racemes of 9 flowers (in bud) short, about 4in. long, bearing about 9 very short
pedicels. Flower-buds ;4, in. long, tetramerous, with short cup-shaped 4-toothed calyx and
corolla shortly 4-lobed. Staminodes 0. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, glabrous.
East tropical Africa, Zanzibar, Dr Kirk!
A male plant from Madagascar collected by Bojer! may belong to this species; it has
16—18 stamens.
15. E. MACROPHYLLA, E. Mey, Cat. Pl. Exsicc. Afr. Austr. Drég. p. 7 (1837).
E. foliis in tribus verticillatis vel oppositis, obovato-oblongis, breviter petiolatis, subcoriaceis ;
cymis femineis 8—15-floris, floribus tetrameris, calyce 4-fido, corolla 4-fidd, staminodiis 0, ovario
4- vel raro 6-loculari, glabro.
Alph. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 218. n. 11 (1844).
Glabrous. Stem nodose; branches at 60°, often verticillate three together, straight.
Leaves obovate-oblong, rounded at apex, cuneate at base, shortly petiolate, sub-coriaceous,
opposite or subverticillate three together; margins reflexed, plane or wavy; veins delicate ;
2—4 in. in length by }—1} in. in width; petiole 3; to } in. in length.
Q. Flowers in cymes which measure }—1 in. in length and bear 8—135 flowers; pedicels
+ to Lin. in length; flowers tetramerous. Calyx 4-fid, shortly cup-shaped, with deltoid-pointed
lobes. Corolla campanulate, 4-fid; lobes obtuse or mucronate. Stamens 0 or represented by
a few hairs at circumference of disk. Ovary glabrous, 4- or rarely 6-celled, with one ovule
in each cell; at the upper part the ovary is frequently 2-celled, according to Dr Atherstone,
in consequence of two of the dissepiments being false; styles 2.
South Eastern districts, Cape of Good Hope. Enon in woods under 500 feet high, March,
Uitenhage, Drege! in @ flower; Grahamstown, Dr Atherstone! 461.
16. EUCLEA DAPHNOIDES, sp. nov.
E. foliis alternis oppositis vel in tribus verticillatis, oblanceolato-oblongis, subsessilibus ;
cymis racemosis; floris 4—5-meris ; calyce 4—5-fido ; corolla profunde 4—5-lobd ; staminibus
circiter 12, uniserialibus, in flore femineo 0 vel + effetis; stylis 2—3; ovario glabro, 4- vel
6-loculart.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 103
Glabrous shrub, 2—4 feet high or more, or even a low tree. Stem shining and turning
pale yellowish; branches at 40°—50° with stem, alternate opposite or subverticillate. Leaves
alternate opposite or 3 in a whorl, varnished on surface, crowded, oblanceolate-oblong, thickly
coriaceous, flat or wavy, subsessile with thick articulation, 1}—3 in. in length by } to } in.
in width. Cymes racemose, much shorter than the leaves; pedicels 3, in. long; bracts small
and slender.
$- Flowers tetramerous, nearly glabrous, small. Calyx 4-fid. Corolla deeply 4-lobed.
Stamens about 12, in one row. Ovary rudimentary.
. Flowers 11—21 in cyme, 7; in. in length by +; in. in width, ovoid, glabrous. Calyx
zy In. in height by 7; in. in width, 4—5-fid. Corolla openly campanulate, with nearly erect
lobes, 7; in. in height by 5 in. in width, 4—5-lobed. Staminodes 0 or 4, inserted at base
of interior of corolla or around base of ovary, glabrous, without anthers. Styles 2—3, 4. in.
in length, somewhat concave as seen from inside; stigmas bilobed at apex, projecting beyond
the corolla; ovary glabrous, ovoid, j; in. in length and width, 4—6-celled ; ovules pendulous,
solitary in the cells. Fruit globular, } in. in diameter, dark, glabrous, 1-seeded, 1-celled; seed
marked outside by 3 depressed longitudinal lines; fruiting calyx small; albumen not ruminated
but testa introverted at apex; embryo slightly curved.
Nearly related to #. racemosa L. from which it differs by its oblanceolate-oblong and
longer leaves and its longer and more numerously flowered racemes, by its ovary being
sometimes 6-celled, and by its 12 stamens being in one row in the only g specimen examined.
South Africa. South-western districts of Cape Colony and Natal. In a walk by the
Baaken’s river under Fort Frederick, Algoa Bay, 14 Dec. 1813, Burchell! 4356, in 9 flower;
on the rocky side of the mountain, also on the western bank of Wagenbooms river on
the north side of Lange Kloof, 11 March 1814, Burchell! 4909, in 9 flower; Cape of Good
Hope, Ecklon and Zeyher! ; Natal, W. T. Gerrard! 1506, 1606, in g flower-bud.
17. Evuciea KELLavu, Hochst. in pl. Schimp. Abyss. exsice, sect. i. n. 1078 (1842).
E. foliis suboppositis, obovatis vel oblanceolatis, apice rotundatis, bast cuneatis, breviter
petiolatis; cymis racemosis; floribus diacis, 4—5-meris ; corolla 4—5-fidd; staminibus 12,
in flore femineo 0; stylis 2; ovario glabro, 4-loculart.
Hochst. Nov. Gen. pl. Afr. in Flora 1843, p. 83; Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 672 (1844) ;
Rich. Fl. Abyss. ii. p. 24. t. 66 (1847).
Myrsine Kellau, Hochst. in pl. Schimp. Abyss. exsicc. sect. i, n, 159 (1840).
Kellaua Schimperi, Alph. DC. in Ann, Se. nat. ser. i, vol. Xvi. p. 209 (1842), Prodr.
Vill. p. 290 (1844).
Shrub or small tree, glabrous, dicecious ; branches at 88’—45° with stem, subopposite, straight.
Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, shortly petiolate, sub-coriaceous, rounded at apex, wedge-shaped
at base, subopposite, shining and of a rich brown colour on upper face, paler beneath; veins
delicate, flat or wavy at margins, spreading; 1—2in. in length by }—1in. in width; petiole
;i—} in. in length, Flowers racemose with lanceolate bracts at base of pedicels, tetramerous
or pentamerous.
104 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
¢ Racemes 3—1in. in length, bearing 9—13 flowers, spreading, dark; pedicels slender
—1in. in length, the lower ones the longer, alternate or opposite, patent; flowers }—1in.
in length. Calyx short, 4-fid, with apiculate deltoid erect lobes. Corolla campanulata,
4-lobed; lobes 1—1 depth of corolla, erect, oval. Stamens 12, free, 8 in one row and 4
interior and inserted lower at base of interior of corolla, included; anthers erect, with a
few hairs at top or glabrous, 2-celled, dehiscing laterally from apex. Ovary rudimentary ;
styles 1—2.
g@ Racemes 2—}in. in length, bearing usually 11 flowers, dark; glabrous or glandular ;
pedicels ;,—, in. in length, patent, sub-opposite; flower ;4,in. in length, campanulate.
Calyx ;\; in. in height with 4 or 5 deeply divided erect deltoid acuminate lobes, persistent.
Corolla campanulate, twice the height of the calyx, with 4—5 lobes divided more than half
the depth of the corolla. Stamens 0. Ovary 3,in. in height by jin. in thickness, conical,
glabrous, 4-celled, cells 1-ovuled; styles 2. Fruit globose, }in. in diameter, glabrous, 1-celled,
1-seeded; seed filling the cavity of the fruit, marked externally by 3 longitudinal lines;
albumen horny, not ruminated but with introversion of testa at apex; embryo slightly
curved, tending to be incumbent.
Abyssinian name of the fruit; Aédlaw.
Abyssinia. Schimper! i. n. 159, among hills, valleys and low places near Adoa. In
fruit, 1 June 1837.
u. 1078. On mount Sina, near Adoa. In ¢ flower, 13 November
1838.
ll. 1527, 1.1919. Near Axus. In ¢ flower.
913. Agrima, 6000 ft. alt.; Legua, 5000 ft. alt. 1852.
Fs 35 80. = 5500—6500 ft. alt. October 1862.
- Quartin-Dillon and Petit./ Scholoda.
18. EvucieA RAcEMosA, Linn. Syst. veg. edit. xm. p. 747. Cur. Murray (1774).
E. foliis alternis vel oppositis, obovatis vel oblongo-obovatis, apice rotundatis, basi cuneatis,
breviter petiolatis; cymis racemosis; floribus diwcis, 4- raro 5—6-meris; corolla profunde
lobata ; staminibus 12—18, in flore femineo 2—4 effetis; stylis 2; ovario toto pubescent vel
glabro, 4-loculari.
Jacq. Fragm. t. 1, f. 5, t. 63, f. 8 (1800—9); Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 219. n. 15 (1844).
Padus foliis subrotundis, fructu racemoso, Burm. Afr. p. 238, t. 84, f. 1 (1739).
Glabrous shrub 24 to 6 feet high, or small tree 18 feet high. Branches making 30°
with stem, purplish. Leaves obovate or oblong-obovate, coriaceous, alternate, subopposite, or
opposite, marked with obscure transverse veins, green on the upper surface, pale beneath,
margins somewhat reflexed, wavy or nearly flat, subsessile or shortly petiolate, rounded at
apex, cuneate at base, 4—2}in. in length by }—1}in. in width; petioles j4—s%, in. in length.
Bracts narrow, at base of pedicels, solitary, linear-lanceolate,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA, 105
& Racemes }—1}in. in length, shorter than the leaves from the axils of which they
spring, drooping; pedicels ;—}in. in length, 5—13 in cyme, articulated at apex; flowers
5—t in. in joncite campanulate, 4- or rarely 5—G6-merous, glabrous. Calyx short, lobes del-
toid, about half length of calyx. Corolla campanulate, open, deeply lobed, much raised
above the calyx; lobes oval, obtuse or acutish, spreading or erect but not reflexed, of a
dirty white colour. Stamens 12—18, in two rows, inserted at base of interior of corolla or
on an hypogynous ring; the inner ones smaller and often connate at the base with outer ones;
anthers lanceolate, thick, 2-celled, with a few hairs or glabrous, included or exserted, erect,
dehiscing laterally and widely from apex, ;t4— 4 in. in length; pollen white; filaments slender,
3o—sy In. in length, often united in pairs at base, glabrous. Ovary rudimentary, hairy
or glabrous; styles 2, distinct, erect, terete, white.
¢g. Racemose cymes }—1}in. in length, usually shorter than the leaves but sometimes
longer, drooping in fruit; pedicels about #, im. length, 9—13 in cyme. Flowers ovoid, rather
smaller than the ¢ apes tetramerous or rarely pentamerous. Calyx hemispherical; lobes
ovate, acute, about half depth of calyx. Corolla ovoid, deeply lobed; lobes not reflexed.
Staminodes 2—4, glabrous. Ovary hairy or glabrous, 4-celled, cells 1-ovuled; styles 2; fruit
globular, glabrescent or glabrous, black, 1-celled, 1-seeded, }in. in diameter.
Bark grey, smooth. Wood hard, heavy, employed by wheelrights and turners; answers very
well for wooden screws, but is chiefly used as fuel. {Dr Pappe, Silva Capensis, p. 21 (1854)}.
The variety Burchellii with glabrous ovary may be a distinct species. It is a tree
18 feet high with erect trunk and ascending branches and oblong-obovate leaves; bark
entire, turning white; ovary globose; styles 2, short; staminodes 2—4, inserted on corolla
or around base of ovary.
Cape of Good Hope, southern and western districts. Drege!; Talbot! ; Reeves! ; Wright! ;
Boivin! ; Bowie! ; Alexander-Prior!; Oldenburg! ; Nelson!; Hove!; Fenhen ! 3356; Harvey !
574; Burchell! 397, 807, 3219 (var. Burchellii), 3806, 8295; Hondeklip Bay, Clanwilliam,
Rev. H. Whitehead!
19. EvcLea UunpULATA, Thunb. Nova Genera Plantarum (v.) p. 86 (1784).
E. foliis alternis vel oppositis, obovatis (vel in var. oblanceolatis), apice obtusis, basi cuneatis,
breviter petiolatis, wndatis (in var. parvis et subplanis) ; cymis racemosis, 3—S8-floris; floribus
dioecis, tetrameris; staminibus 10—15, plerumque geminatis, in flore femineo 0; stylis 2;
ovario basi subpubescente, 2- vel 4-loculari, 4-ovulato. .
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 219. n. 14 (1844).
E. myrtina, Burch. Trav. Int. 8. Afr. 11 p. 588 (1824), Alph. DC. Zc. p. 217. n. 8.
E. humilis, Eckl. et Zeyh. in Linnea, xx. p. 192 (1847).
Glabrous dense shrub, extremities and flowers glandular but not hairy, 4 to 9 feet in
feeht or a moderate sized tree, dicecious. Branches alternate or opposite, at 40° to 60°
with stem, numerous. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, coriaceous, shortly petiolate, wavy
or in var. myrtina nearly flat, opposite or alternate, veins inconspicuous, cuneate at base,
rounded or nearly so at apex, evergreen, }—14 in. in length by }—3 in. in width .(or
1 in, in width in variety myrtina); petioles 33—y5 in. in length. Bracts sometimes large
Vou. XII. Parr I. 14
1
10
106 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
and leaf-like, caducous; flowers racemose, with divisions of corolla reaching to level of apices
of calycine lobes.
é. Racemes 2—4 in. in length, shorter than leaves, lax, bearing 5—7 flowers; pedicels
1—1 in. in length, slender; flowers 4; in. in length. Calyx openly cup-shaped, 4-fid, short;
lobes deltoid, acute. Corolla hemispherical, 4-lobed, somewhat glandular outside; lobes oval,
more than half the depth of the corolla. Stamens 10—15, mostly in pairs, inserted at base
of interior of tube of corolla; anthers oblong, mucronate, with a few bristles near apex,
dehiscing widely from apex; filaments slender.
@. Racemes }—4 in. in length, nearly erect in flower, drooping in fruit, bearing 3—8
flowers; pedicels under ;; in. in length; narrow bracteoles sometimes present on middle of
pedicels. Flowers 3;in. in length. Calyx short, campanulate, 4-lobed, lobes deltoid, extending
less than half-way down the calyx. Corolla 4-partite, erect or spreading, in bud cylindrical,
somewhat glandular outside along middle of lobes; lobes oval. Stamens 0. Ovary and 2
styles together rather longer than corolla; styles as long as ovary, at first erect and conti-
guous, glabrous, bifid at apex, deciduous; ovary somewhat hairy at base, hairs white, glabrous
above, 2—4-celled, 4-ovuled; ovules oblong. Berry globular, =;—1 in. in diameter, purple or
red, glabrous, edible, 1—2-celled, ultimately only 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Bark whitish grey rough, wood brown hard close-grained and fit for joiners’ fancy-work,
veneering, &e. (Dr Pappe, Silva Capensis, p. 21 [1854)).
Var. 8. myrtina. Leaves +;—1 in. wide, oblanceolate, nearly plane; fruit black; about
4 ft. high. Known only in fruit, but probably a form of this species. (#. myrtina, Burch.)
The fruit is sweet, with some astringency; called, as well as other species of the genus,
guarribosches, and the fruit guarri, by the Hottentots in South Africa.
Cape of Good Hope, Kalahari region and Trans-Vaal. Drege!; Reeves!; Dr Pappe!;
Burke! (Trans-Vaal); Masson/; Alexander-Prior!; Dr Thom! 243, 386; Cooper! 408; Mac
Owan!; Zeyher! 3358; Ecklon and Zeyher! 1124 (K. humilis, Eckl. et Zeyh.); Burchell!
1792 (2162, 2573, E. myrtina, Burch., Kalahari Region), 2943, 3168, 7198.
EXCLUDED SPECIES OF EUCLEA.
Euclea herbacea, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 629 (1790). Cfr. Euphorbiacez.
Luclea pilosa, Lour. loc. cit.= Diospyros pilosa, Alph. DC.
Ill. MABA, J. R. et G. Forster, Characteres Generum Plantarum, p. 121. t. 61 (1776).
Flores diect, rarissime monaci vel polygami, plerumque trimeri rarius 4—6-meri. Calya
campanulatus vel oblongus, non plicatus, lobatus vel truncatus ; corolla campanulata vel tubulosa,
lobis in prefloratione sinistrorse contortis.
Flos masculus; stamina 3—, plerumque glabra rarius pilosa vel pubescentia. Ovarium
abortiwum.
Flos femineus ; staminodia 0—2 , plerumque pauca; ovarium 3- vel 6-loculare, 6-ovulatum ;
fructus plerumque mediocris, baccatus.
Arbores vel frutices, foliis alternis integerrimis, inflorescentia axillari vel rarius laterali.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 240. n. vit. (1844).
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 107
Pisonia (sp.) Rottb. in Nye Saml. Kong. Danske Skrift. vol. m. p. 536. t. 4 f. 2 (1788)
Ehretia (sp.), Willd. Phytogr. I. p. 4 t. 2. f. 2 (1794).
Ferreola, Roxburgh, Pl. Coromandel, I. p. 35, t. 45 (1795).
Ferriola, Roxburgh, Hort. Bengal, p. 72 (1814), Fl. Ind. edit. 1832. vol. m1. p. 790.
Macreightia, Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 220. n. v. (1844).
Holochilus, Dalzell in Kew Journal of Botany, Iv. p. 290 (1852).
Rhipidostigma, Hasskarl, Retzia, 1. p. 103 (1855).
Flowers dicecious or rarely polygamous or very rarely moncecious, usually trimerous, occa-
sionally 4—6-merous. Calyx usually 3-fid, sometimes 4—6-fid or -partite or shortly lobed,
rarely truncate and entire; more or less campanulate at least in flower, sometimes accrescent
but less so than in many species of Diospyros, not plicate. Corolla usually 3-lobed, exceeding
the calyx, campanulate or tubular; lobes contorted sinistrorsely as regarded from within.
Stamens in 6 flower 3—20 usually about 9 and glabrous except in § Trichanthera, distinct
or some or all united by their filaments in pairs or otherwise; anthers oblong or lanceo-
late-linear, dehiscing longitudinally by lateral slits; filaments inserted at base of corolla or
hypogynous; staminodes in @ flower 0—2, usually fewer than in ¢g flower, glabrous or
hairy. Ovary in 6 rudimentary, hairy or glabrous; in 2 3- or 6-celled, hairy or glabrous ;
style 3-lobed or styles 3; ovules 6, solitary in the cells or 2 together in 3-celled ovaries;
rarely an ovary is 3-celled with 3 imperfect septa between the pairs of ovules not
reaching the central axis of the ovary. Fruit usually globose or ovoid, glabrous or hairy,
1—6-celled and -seeded, usually not exceeding 1 in. long, baccate or dry; seeds as in the
Order, in a few species with ruminated albumen. Fruiting calyx spreading or cupuliform.
Trees or shrubs usually with hard wood, widely distributed in most countries where the
Order is represented but absent from the Cape of Good Hope, though occurring in Natal
and other parts of Africa.
Leaves always alternate simple and quite entire, smaller for the most part than in Dio-
spyros, but reaching 10} in. in length in M. punctata. Flowers solitary or in short cymes
either axillary or very rarely lateral on the older branches.
The name is adopted from that locally used in the Friendly Islands for plants of this
genus, Maba is also given by the natives in the vicinity of the Congo river, West tropical
Africa, to the fruit of the oil-palm (Eleis guineensis).
Maza may be divided into the following sections, a key to which is subjoined.
Anthers glabrous or in a few species slightly hairy. Flowers trimerous or occasionally
tetramerous or rarely in J. lancea pentamerous.
Calyx-lobes not much imbricated.
Ovary densely hairy (except in M. obovata, R. Br.)
Staminodes 0. Ovary 3-celled. § 1. FERREOLA.
Staminodes 3—6. Ovary 6-celled. § 2. MACREIGHTIA.
Ovary glabrous (pubescent or nearly glabrous in M. Seychellarwm).
Flowers sessile or subsessile. Ovary 3- or 6-celled. § 3. HoLocuiLus.
Flowers crowded in short branched or fascicled cymes
(@ flowers solitary in M. lamponga). Ovary 6-celled. § 4, RHIprIDosTieMa.
Calyx-lobes rounded and much imbricated so as to make the ca-
lyx appear subtruncate. § 5. BARBERIA,
Anthers pilose. Flowers 8—6-merous. Ovary hairy, 6-celled. § 6. TRICHANTHERA.
14—2
108 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE4‘.
§ 1. FERREOLA.
Fruit reddish, brown, or dark-coloured.
Fruiting calyx very small, usually not cupuliform, flat or reflexed. ¢ flowers tubular.
Fruit subglabrous, shining. Fruiting calyx trifid.
| Fuliginous-hispid. Leaves about 1 in. long. 1. M. diffusa.
| Glabrescent. Leaves 1$—44 in. long.
Fruit globose, } in. in diameter. Calyx glabrate. 2. M. Mualala.
Fruit ellipsoidal-oblique, }in. long. Calyx somewhat hairy. 3. JL hemicycloides.
Fruit tomentose. Fruiting calyx tripartite.
| Stamens 4—5. 4. ML. acuminata.
| Stamens 12—16.
Leaves oblong. Stamens about 12. 5. M. oblongifolia.
Leaves oblong-ovate. Stamens 13—16. 6. M. ovalifolia.
Fruiting calyx accrescent or not very small, usually cupuliform (sometimes small in M.
buxifolia).
g flowers subsessile in short cymes. @ flowers sessile or subsessile.
Fruit hairy. ¢ flowers with tubular corolla.
| Stamens 3—6 (-7). Flowers trimerous.
Leaves cordate at base, subsessile. 7. MW. foliosa.
Leaves not cordate at base, shortly petiolate. 8. MW. rufa.
Stamens 9 (in trimerous flowers, 4 in a tetramerous one).
Leaves glabrous, elliptical. 9. M. laurina.
Leaves hairy, lanceolate-oblong. 10. M. nigrescens.
Fruit subglabrate. Corolla campanulate.
Leaves without conspicuous net-veins.
Calyx hairy. Leaves usually more than 1} in. long.
Branches nigro-verrucose. Stamens 15—17. 11. M.sandwicensis.
Branches smooth. Stamens 6—12.
& flowers 1—3 together. 12. MW. bu«ifolia.
é flowers several together.
| Leaves lanceolate, paler beneath. 13. M. lancea.
Leaves obovate, of same colour on both sides.
Q flowers solitary. 14. M. obovata.
2 flowers 3 together. 15. M. geminata.
Calyx glabrous, at least in fruit. Leaves about 1 in.long. 16. JL humilis.
Leaves highly reticular.
Bracts not much imbricated.
Leaves elliptic-oblong, about 2 in. long. 17. I. reticulata.
Leaves elliptical, 3—4 in. long. 18. M. compacta.
Bracts much imbricated. 19, M. Hillebrandii.
$ flowers pedicelled in manifest cymes. ¢ corolla tubular. @ flowers stalked.
Stamens 3—6. Leaves oval, obtuse, glabrescent. 20. M. elliptica.
Stamens 9. Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, hairy. 21. Jf sumatrana.
| Fruit covered with white efflorescence. 22. M. Vieillardi.
Cfr. [23. JL major.
24. IM, Andersoni:]
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA. 109
§ 2. MAcrEIGHTIA.
Glaucescent. (N. America and West Indian Islands.)
Leaves rotund or ovate,. spinulose-apiculate. 25. M. Grisebachit.
Leaves obovate, not. spinulose-apiculate.
Albumen deeply ruminated. Net-veins conspicuous. 26. M. caribea.
Albumen not ruminated. Veins few. 27. M. intricata.
Dull or hairy. (S. America, Mexico, and West tropical Africa.)
Albumen not ruminated. Stamens glabrous. Flowers campanulate. Fruiting calyx
somewhat cupuliform, not very small. (S. America and Mexico.)
Cymes usually 3-flowered, ,4—+ in. long.
| Leaves whitish beneath. 28. I. albens.
Iiiieaves not whitish beneath.
Leaves oval or obovate. 29. M. inconstans.
Leaves obovate-lanceolate, membranous. 30. IL. acapulcensis.
Leaves lanceolate-oblong, coriaceous. 31. MW. salicifolia.
| é. Cymes many flowered, } in. long, @ flowers solitary. 32. M. Pavoni.
Albumen ruminated. Stamens somewhat hairy. § flowers tubular; fruiting calyx
very small, flat. (Africa.) 33. M. Manni.
§ 3. HoLocuiLus.
Flowers campanulate or with short tube. (Africa.)
Ovary 3-celled; cells 2-ovuled.
Calyx shortly 3-lobed, pubescent.
Ovary more or less hairy. Leaves narrowly elliptical,
obtuse. 34. M. Seychellarwm.
Ovary: quite glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, acute. 39. M. lanceolata. .
Calyx truncate entire, glabrous. 36. M. natalensis.
Ovary 6-celled; cells 1-ovuled.
Leaves lanceolate-oblong ; flowers several together. Branches
dark. 37. I. abyssinica.
Leaves oval. flowers 3 together. Branches argenteo-cine-
reous. 38. IL. quiloénsis.
Flowers tubular. (India.) 39, ML. micrantha.
110 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
§ 4. RuaIpPmDosTIcMA.
Dicecious. Stamens 8—18.
Glabrous. Leaves not cordate at base.
é. Cymes rather lax.
Q. Flowers solitary. Corolla-lobes acuminate. 40. M. lamponga.
2. Flowers cymose. Corolla-lobes not acuminate.
Leaves submembranous. Stamens glabrous. 41, M, merguensis.
Leaves coriaceous. Filaments often minutely cili-
ated, Albumen not ruminated. 42. M, fasciculosa.
Leaves coriaceous. Albumen ruminated. 43. M. ruminata.
&é. Cymes dense. 44, M. confertiflora.
Pubescent. Leaves cordate or subcordate at base, 45, M. punctata.
“Hermaphrodite. Stamens 4—5.”
Cymes about }in. long. Leaves oblong, 46. M. Teijsmannt.
Cymes very short. Leaves oblong-lanceolate. 47. M. hermaphroditica.
Cfr. [48. I. javanica.]
§ 5. BARBERIA.
Ovary glabrous.
Staminodes about 8. 9 Cymes 3—5-flowered. 49. M. Maingayt.
Staminodes about 16. Flowers subsolitary. 50. M. Motleyz.
Ovary shortly pubescent.
Glabrous. Leaves 2—4in. long, more or less narrowed at base;
petioles }—2in. long. 51. M. myrmecocalyz.
Leaves }—2in. long, rounded at base, with shortly tomentose mid-
rib; petioles tin. long. 52. WM. Beccari.
§ 6. TRICHANTHERA.
Polygamous. Ovary ovoid-conical. Leaves appressedly flavo-sericeous
beneath, not cordate. 53. MW. sericea.
Ovary globose at base, narrowly conical above. Leaves supra-cordate 54. J. cordata.
Diecious. Ovary subglobose. Leaves not flayo-sericeous beneath.
Flowers 3- (rarely 5-) merous.
| Shoots with spreading hairs. 55, M. myrmecocerpa.
| Shoots with appressed hairs. 56. M, myristicoides.
Flowers 5—6-merous,
Flowers arising from the old wood. 57. ML. cauliflora.
Flowers axillary from the young branches,
Staminodes 11—13, somewhat pilose 58. M. Hilatrei.
Staminodes 25—380, nearly glabrous, 59. M. Mellinoni.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA!. 111
1. MABA DIFFUSA, sp. nov.
ML. ramulis patentibus, fuligineo-pubescentibus ; foliis ovatis vel ovalibus, uncialibus, apice
obtuse angustatis, basi subrotundis, glabris, nitentibus, subcoriaceis, breviter petiolatis ; fructibus
ellipsoideis, appresse subsericeis, trilocularibus, 1—2-spermis, brevissime pedunculatis ; calyce
fructifero minimo, trifido, non appresso.
Stem and branches terete, dark or cinereous; branches fuliginous-pubescent, patent,
slender. Leaves ovate or oval, nearly rounded at base, obtusely narrowed at apex, glabrous
and shining on both sides, subcoriaceous, margins thickened, somewhat wavy ; midrib depressed
on upper side; lateral veins patent very numerous and delicately raised on both sides; of
a rich brown colour on both sides when dry; $ to lin. in length by 4 to 2in. in width;
petioles j,in. in length, pubescent. Known only in fruit. Fruit shortly pedunculate, near
ends of branches, solitary; fruiting peduncle J,
or horizontal, small, somewhat pubescent, about ;5in. in length, roundedly 3-fid. Fruit
jyin. in length. Fruiting calyx loosely concave
somewhat appressedly silky, of rich brown colour, straight, ellipsoidal, 4 to 4in. in height
by 4+ to $in. or more in thickness, 3-celled, 1—2-seeded; seeds black, fin. in length;
albumen not ruminated; embryo nearly flat.
N.W. Madagascar, Pervillé!
2. Masa MuALAta, Welw. MSS.
DM. glabra, foliis ellipticis, apice seepius obtuse acuminatis, bast leviter angustatis vel
sub-rotundis, tenuiter coriaceis, persistentibus, nitentibus, reticulatis, breviter petiolatis ; fructibus
solitariis vel binis, subsessilibus, globosis, glabris; calyce fructifero trifido, minimo, patente,
glabrato.
A fine glabrous tree, 15—85 feet high in the interior of the country, or near the
sea-coast scarcely more than a bush 3—5 feet high; very rarely flowering. Trunk strict;
branches terete, leafy. Wood very hard, valuable, black in the centre but not always so.
Leaves alternate, elliptical, in most cases obtusely acuminate, slightly narrowed at base or
nearly rounded, thinly coriaceous, evergreen, deep green, highly polished, 1}—4}im. long
by #—1}in. wide, delicately reticulated; midrib depressed above; margins slightly undu-
lated; petioles ;4—in. long. Flowers unknown, @ axillary, in very short 1—3-flowered
cymes. Fruit solitary or two together, subsessile, globose, shining, glabrous, black-purplish,
slightly nerved, about }in. in diameter, 1-seeded; seed globose, nearly fin. in diameter;
albumen white, cartilaginous, not ruminated; fruiting calyx 3-fid, spreading, {—}in. in dia-
meter, glabrate; lobes ovate, subacute.
West tropical Africa, Distr. Golungo Alto, in dense woods, fruits in March, Dr Welwitsch !
2539, 2540, 2541; Do. Distr. Loanda, very rare, in thickets, Dr Welwitsch! 2542; native
name Mualdla.
3. MABA HEMICYcLOIDES, F. Muell. ex. Benth. Fl. Austr. iv. p. 290. n. 3 (1869).
M. glabrescens, foliis ellipticis vel oblongis, utrinque plus minus angustatis, apice obtusis,
subcoriaceis, breviter petiolatis; fructibus solitariis, brevissime pedunculatis, subglabris, oblique
ellipsoideis ; calyce fructifero minimo, patente, trifido, leviter pubescente.
112 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
A small tree; branchlets slender, somewhat hirsute with dark hairs at extremities,
quickly glabrescent, dark cinereous or brown, terete. Leaves elliptical or oblong, narrowed
more or less at both ends, usually with an obtuse apex, thinly coriaceous, glabrous; margins
with small undulations, just reflexed; midrib depressed above; lateral veins delicate, nume-
rous, raised on both sides, at 60° to 70°; 2} to 4}in. in length by 1—l4in. in width;
petioles }1in. in length. Known only in fruit; fruiting peduncle ,,—j;in. in length, -
not thick, pubescent ; fruit solitary, near ends of branches, glabrous or nearly so, pale brown,
oblique, ellipsoidal, about }in. in height by 3—35 in. in thickness, tipped somewhat laterally
with remains of style; fruiting calyx small, horizontal, 3-fid, —3im. in diameter, covered
with scattered appressed short pale hairs; lobes deltoid.
Australia, Queensland, Rockingham Bay, Dallachy!
4, MABA ACUMINATA,
M. foliis ellipticis valde acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel parum angustatis, submembra-
naceis, breviter petiolatis ; corolle tube quam calyce duplo longiore ; staminibus 4—5; fructibus
globosis, tomentosis et sparse pilosis; calyce fructifero tripartite, minimo.
Macreightia acuminata, Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl p. 424 n. 3 (1864).
A moderate sized tree with terete erect-patent branches. Young parts pale brown sericeo-
pubescent, afterwards becoming dark and glabrous. Leaves elliptical, long-acuminate, rounded
or nearly so at base, in the dry state pale greenish glabrous and shining on upper side with
scarcely raised veins, pale brown sericeous or subpubescent on under-side with raised clear
lateral veins anastomosing near margin and sericeous prominent midnb, submembranous,
shortly petiolate, 2—5in. in length by } to 1}im. in width; petioles j;—}in. in length,
pubescent. Bracts imbricated, sericeous.
g. Tube of the corolla twice as long as the calyx, Jin. in length; stamens 4—5;
ovary pilose.
9. Fruit globular, pale brown, appressedly sub-tomentose-pubescent, 3—in. in diameter ;
fruiting calyx not auricled.
Ceylon, Thwaites! C.P. 3718.
5. MABA OBLONGIFOLIA.
M. foliis oblongis, acuminatis, subcoriaceis, basi rotundatis, subtus secus nervos cum petiolo
brevi_ sub-ferrugineo-hispidis, denique glabris; floribus masculis solitariis crebris subsessilibus,
calyce breviter lobato, staminibus 12 glabris; floribus femineis solitariis breviter pedunculatis,
calyce tripartito, hispido, non accrescente, staminodiis 0, fructibus subglobosis tomentosis.
Macreightia oblongifolia, Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 183. n. 1. (1860), p. 423 (1864); non
Marcreightia oblongifolia, Kurz,
A small tree; young parts very hispid, subferruginous; branches terete, quickly turning
dark and glabrous, spreading at about 40°, Leaves oblong, acuminate, subcoriaceous ;
upper side brown (often of a rich deep colour) shining and glabrous when dry, midrib and
lateral veins depressed; under-side palish brown, subpubescent, lateral anastomosing veins
and especially midrib raised prominent and pubescent; 3 to 7$in. in length by 1} to 3in.
in width; petioles ;4—?in. in length, glabrescent, at first hispid.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA, 113
g. Flowers subsessile solitary crowded on short axillary densely pubescent branches ;
buds oblong, subferruginous, sericeous-pubescent, about Jin. in length. Calyx 4 in. long, 3-lobed
at apex. Stamens 12, glabrous, in several rows, unequal, partly hypogynous and partly at
base of interior of tube of corolla. Ovary minute, hairy.
@. Flowers solitary, ferruginous, shortly pedunculate, hispid; bracts imbricated, large,
hispid; peduncle ;;in. in length, hispid. Flowers #8, in. in length (not expanded in specimens),
ovoid-oblong. Calyx }in. in length, with 3 deep diverging ovate acute lobes. Corolla 3-fid,
glabrous inside. Stamens 0. Ovary covered with light ferruginous vertical hairs, 3-celled
or, according to Dr Thwaites, 6-celled. Style divided at apex into 3 glabrous stigmas.
Fruit subglobose, ferruginous-tomentose, lin. in diameter, fruiting calyx not accrescent
nor auricled; 2- or 3-seeded; seeds black, glabrous, about din. in length by }in. in thick-
ness, bounded by 2 plane contiguous sides and a curved surface, a horizontal section being
a sector of a circle; a reddish raised line runs down middle part of outer surface of
the seed; albumen not ruminated; radicle cylindrical, half as long again as the oblong
cotyledons.
Ceylon, Thwaites! C.P. 3396.
6. MABA OVALIFOLIA.
M. foliis oblongo-ovatis, parum acuminatis, obtusiusculis, basi sepius rotundatis, subcoriaceis,
glabrescentibus, breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis solitariis, crebris, calyce inequaliter tri-
dentato, (corolla 4-fidd@), staminibus 13—16, glabris, ovarii rudimento hirsuto.
Macreightia ovalifolia, Thw. Enum. Ceyl. pl. p. 424. n. 2 (1864).
Tree of moderate size; young parts pubescent, soon glabrescent and cinereous; branches
terete, erect-patent. Leaves oblong-ovate, shortly acuminate, subcoriaceous, usually rounded at
base, brown on both sides when dry, darker above, glabrescent, flat, nrargins just recurved, patent,
shortly petiolate, midrib and lateral anastomosing veins raised beneath depressed above,
2 to 3hin. in length by 1 to 1?in. in width; petioles +in. in length, stout. Bracts
imbricated, large, caducous.
é. Flowers solitary, crowded on young short branchlets, ferruginous sericeous, ;in. in
length before expansion, oblong. Calyx jin. in length, tubular, with 3 short acute teeth
chiefly on one side, a deeper division being opposite. Corolla often bent sideways (closed
in specimens), somewhat constricted about the middle, 4-fid, dark and glabrous inside.
Stamens 13—16 (14 in one case examined), unequal, glabrous; ovary rudimentary, repre-
sented by a bunch of hairs.
Ceylon, Thwaites! C.P. 3717.
7. Mapa FoLiosa, Rich. ex Asa Gray in Proceedings of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, Vol. v. p. 326 (1862).
IM, foliis ovalibus vel ovatis, basi cordatis, coriaceis, confertis, subsessilibus ; floribus masculis
3—5-nis, brevissime cymosis, calyce campanulato-oblongo, breviter trifido, corolla breviter trifidd,
staminibus 3, glabris; floribus femineis subsessilibus, cymis 1—3-floris, fructibus ferrugineo-
tomentosis.
Vou. XII. Parr I. 15
114 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Young parts rufous or fuliginous, hirsute ; branches glabrescent, cinereous ; leaves crowded,
subsessile, oval or ovate, cordate at base, midrib depressed above, veins indistinct, coriaceous,
rufous-hirsute when young, glabrescent except on margins and midrib beneath, 1—2}in.
long by #—lin. wide; petioles shorter than the emargination at the base of the leaves.
g. Flowers on very short nodose pubescent 8—5-flowered cymes; flowers (in bud)
ovoid-oblong, rufous-hirsute. Calyx Jin. long, campanulate-oblong, shortly 3-fid, smooth inside ;
lobes deltoid; corolla shortly 3-fid, hirsute outside, glabrous inside; stamens 3, hypogynous,
glabrous; filaments distinct; anthers linear, dehiscing laterally by longitudinal slits; ovary
pubescent, small, rudimentary.
¢. Fruiting peduncles 1—3-flowered ; calyx 3-lobed ; fruit ferruginous-tomentose.
Feejee Islands, Wilkes!; New Caledonia, Pancher/ 301; Muthuata and Ovolau, alt.
2000 feet, Feejee Islands, Asa Gray, l. c.
8. Mapa pura, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. p. 33. t. 36 (1824).
M. foliis ovalibus vel oblongis, apice lanceolatis vel breviter et obtuse acuminatis vel
rotundatis, basi angustatis vel rotundatis, junioribus utrinque rufo-sericeis, sepius glabrescentibus,
coriaceis, breviter petiolatis ; inflorescentid et fructibus rufo-serieets ; floribus masculis 3—5-nis,
brevissime cymosis, axillaribus, trimeris, corolla tubulosd, staminibus 3—6, glabris; floribus
femineis solitariis, subsessilibus, staminodiis 0, ovario dense sericeo 3-loculari, Fructibus sub-
globosis vel ellipsoideis, calyce fructifero cupuliformt.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 241. n. 10 (1844).
M. sericocarpa, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 164 (1866), Benth. Fl. Austral. Iv. p. 289,
n, 2 (1869).
Mf. cupulosa, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 164 (1866), vi. p. 253 (1868).
Diospyros sericocarpa, F. Muell. Austr. Veg. in Intercol. Exh. Ess., 1866—67, p. 35 (1867).
D. cupulosa, F. Muell. 1. c.
M. revoluta, Vieill. MSS. in Hb. N, Caled. n. 2876.
A shrub or tree 20 feet high; branches terete, slender, spreading at about 45°—40,
rufous-sericeous when young, leafy, Leaves oval or oblong, lanceolate or shortly and obtusely
acuminate or rounded at apex, narrowed or rounded at base, coriaceous, appressedly rufous-
sericeous when young, usually glabrescent, 1—4}in. long by 3—22in. wide; midrib depressed
on the upper surface, margins recurved (sides revolute in MZ. revoluta, Vieill.); petioles
+,—} in. long.
é. Inflorescence rufous-sericeous, axillary on young branches; cymes 3—5-flowered ;
common peduncle in, long; pedicels very short; flowers ovoid-oblong, }—}in.long. Calyx
tubular, shortly 3-lobed, }—}in. long, crass, tomentose on both sides. Corolla tubular,
shortly 3-lobed, sericeous outside, glabrous inside; lobes ovate. Stamens 3—6 (-7), glabrous,
hypogynous; filaments slender. Ovary rudimentary, pilose.
9. Flowers solitary, subsessile, about }in. long, ferruginous-hairy; bracts imbricated,
caducous. Calyx campanulate, shortly 3-fid. Corolla tubular, 3-lobed at apex, with rounded
imbricated lobes. Staminodes 0, Ovary 8-celled, densely sericeous; style 3-lobed at apex.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEAS. 115
Fruit ellipsoidal or subglobose, }—1 in. high, more or less sericeous, 3-celled, 1—3—+4-seeded ;
fruiting calyx accrescent, cupuliform, trifid, reaching half way up fruit or higher, pubescent.
Seeds oblong; albumen cartilaginous, not ruminated; embryo nearly straight.
Australia, Queensland, Rockingham Bay, Dallachy! ;
New Caledonia, Deplanche! 312, 446; Labillardiere!; Pancher !; Caldwell! ; Vieillard /
891, 892, 894, 895, 896, 2872 (2), 2876, 2880.
9. Mapa Laurina, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 527. n. 1 (1810).
M. foliis ellipticis vel oblongis, apice rotundatis, glabris, nitentibus, tenuiter coriaceis,
petiolatis; jfloribus trimeris, subsessilibus, calyce late campanulato, crasso, corolla tubulosd,
staminibus 9, glabris; in floribus femineis staminodiis 0, ovario 3-loculari, subglabro, dense
service.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 241. n. 3 (1844), Benth. Fl. Austral, iv. p. 289 n. 1 (1869).
A small tree with smooth dark bark and quite glabrous shoots; buds and inflorescence
rufous-hairy. Leaves elliptical or oblong, rounded at apex, thinly coriaceous, glabrous, shining
especially above, 3—5in. long by 1$—2}in. wide, margins incrassato-recurved, veins slender,
raised on both sides; petioles 4in. long.
6. Flowers few together subsessile (ex Benth. Jc.) solitary or sometimes 2 together
very shortly peduncled (ex R. Br. MSS.), trimerous; calyx fin. long, globose-campanulate,
coriaceous, rather crass, with numerous soft subappressed cinereous-ferruginous hairs outside,
glabrous inside; corolla yellowish white, tube cylindrical, twice the length of the calyx,
hairy outside above the calyx, lobes rounded, one third the length of the corolla; stamens 9,
glabrous, hypogynous, alternately in pairs and single, equal, pollen white; ovary subglobose,
hairy, rudimentary (?); style and stigma wanting.
@. Flowers solitary, subsessile, trimerous, rufous-tomentose, scarcely $in. long by }in.
thick; calyx lin. long, semi-ellipsoidal, crass, appressedly hairy inside, shortly 3-fid, lobes
obtuse; corolla urceolate-oblong, glabrous inside, lobes short spreading obtuse; staminodes 0;
style 3-lobed at apex, stigma dilated; ovary subglobose, densely sericeous, rufous, 3-celled,
cells 2-ovuled.
Cumberland Islands, Australia, R. Brown!, Oct. 17, 1802.
10. MABA NIGRESCENS, Dalz. in Dalz. et Gibs. Bomb. Fl. p. 142 (1861).
M. foliis lanceolato-oblongis, sub-coriaceis, undulatis, ciliatis, breviter petiolatis, nervis in-
conspicuis ; floribus 1—5-nis, 3—4-meris, ferrugineo-pubescentibus, subsessilibus, staminibus 9
(vel in fl. 4-meris, 4—6) glabris; in floribus femineis staminodiis 0, ovario pubescente, 3-
loculari, fructibus ellipsoideis, sericeis, calyce cupuliformu.
A tree from 15 to 35 feet high with dense ferruginous pubescence on the shoots
petioles and flowers; older branches dark-cinerous ; branches at about 50°, rigid. Leaves
lanceolate-oblong, narrowed at least at apex, sometimes nearly rounded at base, coriaceous,
1—3lin. long (including petiole ;j,—1in. long) by }—I}in. wide, midrib depressed above,
hairy beneath, margins ciliate, wavy. Flowers subsessile.
g. Flowers 1—5 together in very short cymes, }in. long, trimerous or tetramerous ;
15—2
116 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
calyx lin. long, 3—4-lobed, lobes j,in. deep, deltoid acute; corolla campanulate-oblong,
lin. long, 3—4+fid, lobes spreading; stamens 9, 6 in 3 pairs and 3 distinct, or all in one
row, or in tetramerous flowers 4—6, glabrous, hypogynous, anthers jin. long, linear, acute,
filaments slender; ovary rudimentary, hairy.
9. Flowers 1—2 together, trimerous, ?in. long; calyx din. long, funnel-shaped, shortly
3-fid, lobes obtuse; corolla 3-fid, lobes somewhat spreading, rounded at apex; staminodes 0;
ovary hairy, 3-celled, cells 2-ovuled. Fruit rufous, sericeous, ellipsoidal, obtuse, } in. long in the
specimens, often with the remains of the corolla at the apex which has been pushed forward
during the growth of the fruit; fruiting calyx }in. wide by +in. high, somewhat accrescent
and cup-shaped. Flowers in July, February; fruits in May.
India, Canara, Goa, Dalzell!; Moollis, Dr Ritchie! n. 85. Pretty common in the Ghaut
jungles, native name “ Ruktroora.” The leaves turn black in drying, and appear quite veinless.
Allied to MM. guineensis ex Dalz. and Gibs.l.c. I have not seen an authentically named
specimen.
11. Mapa sanpwicensis, Alph. DC. Prodr. vi. p. 242. n. 16 (1844).
M. ramis nigricantibus verrucosis, foliis ellipticis, obtuse acuminatis, basi angustatis, nervis
inconspicuis ; floribus subsessilibus plerumque trimeris, corollé. campanulatd, staminibus 15—17,
glabris ; fructibus solitariis ellipsoideis vel subglobosis, glabratis, calyce paulum aucto brevt.
I. elliptica, Seem. Fl. Vit. p. 152 (1866), non Forst.
A tree or shrub, glabrous except the young parts and inflorescence which are
pubescent ; branches dark-cinereous, rough, verrucose; leaves elliptical, subacute or rounded
at apex, coriaceous, glabrous, petiolate, 1—2}in, in length by 4 to 1}in. in. width; petioles
j5—3% in. in length.
g . Flowers subsessile; calyx 3-fid with deltoid acute lobes, hairy ; corolla similar; stamens
15—17, glabrous, anthers of same length as filaments.
2. Fruit ellipsoidal or subglobose but somewhat oblique, solitary, downy or subglabrous,
3—in. in height, reddish; fruiting calyx, cup-shaped, not or scarcely accrescent, usually with
rounded lobes, very rarely 4-lobed, somewhat hairy. Fruit-peduncle patent, } in. in length
or shorter.
Flora Hawaiiensis, no. 124, H. Mann and W. T. Brigham! 1867; in woods, Sandwich
Islands, Capt. Wilkes! U.S. South Pacific Expl. Exp.; Gaudichaud!; Oahu and Numan,
Dr Hillebrand! 273, Remy! 473; Hawaii, Dr Hillebrand ! 274, Remy! 470 (2%; Fiji Islands,
Dr Seemann! 295.
12. Masa Buxiroiia, Pers. Synops. Plant. ii. p. 606 n. 2 (1807).
M. foliis ellipticis vel obovatis vel lanceolatis, apice obtusis, bast angustatis, coriaceis vel
submembranaceis, glabris, breviter petiolatis ; floribus 1—38-nis subsessilibus trimeris pubescen-
tibus, cymis brevissimis, calyce corolldque breviter trifidis, staminibus 6—12 glabris ; in floribus
Femineis staminodiis 0, ovario hirsuto, 3-loculart; fructibus globosis vel ellipsoideis, glabratis,
monospermis ; albumine non ruminato.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. Lie
Wight, Ic. pl. Ind. Or. vol. iii, pt. i, p. 4. t. 763 (1843), Alph. DC, Prodr. vim. p. 240.
n, 2 (1844), Thw. En. Ceyl. pl. p. 183 (1860).
HIGHULHAENDA, Herm. Mus. Zeyl. p. 21 (1717).
Pisonia (?) buxifolia, Rottb. in Nye Saml, Kong. Danske Skrift. vol. m. p. 536. t. 4 f. 2
(1783).
Ehretia ferrea, Willd. Phytogr. 1. p. 4 t. 2. f. 2 (17
Ferreola buxifolia, Roxb. Coromand. vol. 1. p. 35. t. (1795), Juss. in Aun. Mus. v.
p. 418 (1804), Corréa de Serra in Ann. Mus. vii. p. 399. t. 65. f. 2 (1806).
Maba littorea, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Austral. p. 527. n. 5 (1810) [Mr Bentham unites this
with JZ geminata, R. Br.].
Ferriola buxifolia, Roxb. Hort. Bengal. p. 72 (1814).
Ferreola guineensis, Schum. Plant. Guin. p. 448 (1827), in Kong. Danske Vid. Selsk.
iv. p. 222 (1829).
Maba Cumingiana, Alph. DC. Prodr, vin. p. 241, n. 4 (1844).
M. madagascariensis, Alph. DC. le. n. 7.
MW. guineensis, Alph. DC. Le. n. 8.
M. Smeathmanni, Alph. DC. Le. n. 9.
(2) M. vacciniefolia, Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 442 (1849).
MW. neilgherrensis, Wight, Ic. pl. Ind. Or. (iv.) nn, 1228—9 (1850), Ilust. Ind. Bot. 1.
p. 147. t. 148 bis E. (1850).
MW. Ebenus, Wight. Le. tt. 1228—9 (1850), non Spreng.
M. angustifolia, Miq. ex Thw. En. Ceyl. pl. p. 183 (1860).
A shrub or tree; young parts pubescent, glabrescent; branches terete, spreading at
35°—60°. Leaves elliptical obovate or lanceolate, obtuse at apex, more or less narrowed at
base, coriaceous or submembranous, }—5 in. long by }—2 in. wide, margins usually thickened
94).
45
t.
or reflexed and often undulated, veins inconspicuous, petioles ;,—} in. long, sometimes hairy.
Flowers subsessile, trimerous, pubescent, about 1in. long, 1—3 together, in very short
axillary cymes, on the young branches. Calyx |}; in. long, campanulate, with short deltoid
lobes. Corolla campanulate-oblong, shortly 3-fid, lobes elliptical. Stamens 6—12 in male
flower, 0 in female, hypogynous, glabrous; ovary rudimentary and hairy in male flower,
3-celled in female flower, style 3-lobed at apex. Fruit globose or ellipsoidal, glabrate, !—3 in.
thick ; fruiting calyx cupuliform, shorter than the fruit; seeds solitary; albumen white, car-
tilaginous, not ruminated.
Dr Thwaites, who has seen growing in Ceylon many forms of this polymorphic and
widely distributed species, gives the following varieties:
Var. 8. microphylla, foliis parvulis.
Var. y. Ebenus, foliis majoribus membranaceis parum acuminatis vel retusis sape subor-
biculatis. :
Var. 8 angustifolia, foliis lanceolatis vel lineari-lanceolatis, obtusis.
Dr Thwaites Ic. adds: “I have devoted much time to the examination of the several
very different-looking varieties of this plant, expecting to discover some sufficiently important
118 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZA!.
constant characters to enable me to separate them specifically, but I find them so com-
pletely connected together by intermediate forms that I have no hesitation in considering
them all as representing only one very variable species; variable it may truly be called,
since the leaves in var. &. are sometimes not a quarter of an inch in length, whilst im var. 6.
they reach. to five inches in length.”
East Indies, Wallich! list 4145, 7461, 7535; Dr Wight! 1729, 1730, 1731; Koenig !;
Perrottet!; Dr Abel!; Malacca, Chr. Smith! 99, Dr Maingay! 979; Helfer and Griffith! 3641;
Ceylon, Walker! 263, Dr Thwaites! 477, 1916, 1917, 3395; Philippine Islands, Cuming!
1694; Sooloo I., Wilkes /
New Caledonia, Pancher! 249, Vieillard! 2864, 2873, 2877 (2).
Australia, North Coast Bay, R. Brown!
Madagascar, Gerard! 28, Bernier! 112, Pervillé! 700.
Tropical Africa, Congo, Chr. Smith !, Dr Welwitsch ! 2527; Sierra Leone, Smeathmann /;
I. St Thomé, Don/(?); Guinea, Leprieur !
In Ceylon it is called Kaloo-habaraleya-gass, in Godaveri forests Nella maddi, and in
Madagascar Cacason matntt.
The following specimens seem to me to belong to this widely-spread and variable species;
namely, a plant in fruit from the Isle of Pines, Loyalty Islands, Oceania, collected by Sir
E. Home (1853, Hb. Mus. Brit.) and Milne, n. 12 (1853, in Hb. Kew.); and a plant with
subsessile g¢ flowers and fruit from the Fiji Islands collected by J. Storck, n. 898 in 1860,
which Dr B. Seemann in Fl. Vit. p. 152 (1866) refers to JZ elliptica, Forst. var. glabrescens.
A specimen stated to have been brought from the Straits of Magellan (but probably
by mistake) in Herb. Commerson in fruit seems also to belong to this species.
According to Dr Roxburgh, this species among the mountains of the Coromandel coast
of India grows to a small tree, but in the low countries it is only a shrub; it flowers during
the hot season; the berries when ripe are there universally eaten and are very well tasted ;
the wood is dark-coloured, remarkably hard and durable, and when its size will allow it is
employed for such uses as require the most durable and heavy wood.
13. MABA LANCEA, sp. nov.
M. foliis lanceolato-oblongis, apice acut? acuminatis, basi angustatis, subglabris, subtus
pallidis, supra nervis inconspicwis, petiolatis ; floribus masculis subsessilibus, dense cymosis, tri-
meris rarius pentameris, staminibus 5—6 (2), antheris basi pubescentibus, ovario 0.
Young parts and inflorescence puberulous; branches straight, terete, dark, spreading at
about 50°. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, alternate, firmly submembranous, opaque, acutely acu-
minate at apex, somewhat narrowed at base, nearly glabrous except the veins beneath, dark
green on upper side, pale beneath, with veins inconspicuous on upper side; 3—4 in. long by
1 in. or rather more wide; petioles ;';—} in. long.
$. Flowers small, several together, crowded on very short ferruginous-hairy axillary
cymes, ferruginous hairy (closed in the specimen); bracts rounded; calyx openly campanu-
late, yin. long, deeply 3-fid; with ovate acute lobes pubescent on both sides; corolla (closed)
ty in. long, ovoid-conical, covered outside with pale ferruginous shining hairs, 3 ?-lobed, glabrous
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 119
inside; stamens 5—6 (?), hypogynous, erect, anthers subsessile, hairy towards the base, subu-
late; ovary 0. Occasionally a calyx is pentamerous.
Africa, Sierra Leone, Smeathman !
14. Masa opovaTa, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Austr. p. 527. n. 2 (1810).
M. foliis obovatis, apice rotundatis vel retusis, basi cuneatis, breviter petiolatis, nervis in-
conspicuis ; floribus masculis 83—7-nis, trimeris vel rarius tetrameris, brevissime cymosis, cam-
panulatis, staminibus 6—12, sepius 9, ovarvi rudimento villoso; floribus femineis solitariis sub-
sessilibus trimeris, staminodiis 0, ovario glabro triloculart.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 241. n. 5 (1844); Ettingsh. Blatt-skel. dikot. p. 90. t. 29. f. 6.
t. 32. figs. 1, 2 (1861).
Young parts appressedly pubescent; branches terete, smooth. Leaves obovate, usually
retuse or rounded at apex, cuneate at base, thinly coriaceous, about 14 in. long by 1 in.
wide, veins inconspicuous, margins undulated, scarcely recurved, of same colour on both sides;
petioles ;5 in. long.
8. Flowers campanulate, {—1 in. long, 3—7 together, in very short axillary cymes
crowded on the young shoots; calyx 3-fid or unequally 4-fid, somewhat pubescent outside,
glabrous inside, lobes ovate; corolla whitish, exceeding the calyx, 3—4-fid, lobes obtuse,
somewhat patent appressedly subsericeous outside; stamens 6—12, usually 9 and alternately
in pairs, glabrous; pollen white; ovary rudimentary, hairy.
@. Flowers solitary, axillary, subsessile, like g but rather thicker; trimerous; stami-
nodes 0; ovary glabrous, 3-celled, subglobose, cells 2-ovuled; style shorter than the ovary,
stout, deeply 3-fid, glabrous; stigmas emarginate at apex, glabrous.
Australia, Carpentaria Islands, R. Brown /, flowers in November.
Mr Bentham unites this species with Jf humilis, R. Br. The glabrous ovary in the
2 is exceptional in this section of the genus, but the rudiment of the ¢ ovary is hairy;
possibly the two sexes belong to different species, but the foliage is quite alike in both.
15. Mapa ceminata, R. Br. Prodr. p. 527. n. 4 (1810).
I, foliis obovatis, apice subretusis vel obtusis, bast cuneatis, coriaceis, glabris, petiolatis ;
Fructibus 1—3-nis, subsessilibus, subglabris, ellipsoideis; calyce fructifero breviter cupuliforms,
trilobo, subglabro ; floribus masculis 5—7-nis, subsessilibus, trimeris, campanulatis, calyce pube-
rulo, staminibus 9, glabris.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. 242. n. 13 (1844); Benth. Fl. Austr. Iv. p. 291. n. 8 (1869),
excl. syn.
Diospyros geminata, F. Muell. Austral. Veg. in Intercolonial Exhibition Essays, 1866—
67, p. 35 (1867).
A tree, glabrous except the flowers and fruit, with a diffuse irregular head; branches
terete, cinereous, smooth, spreading at 45°. Leaves obovate, coriaceous, subretuse or obtuse
at apex, cuneate at base, 1} to 3 in. in length, by ? to 2 in. in width; petioles }—} in.
in length.
120 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
g. Flowers in subsessile clusters, about 5 to 7 together, } in. in length, oblong; calyx
dark, with scattered short hairs, 3-lobed at apex, 3; in. in length, lobes depresso-deltoid ;
corolla pale, sericeous, 3-fid. stamens 9, free, equal, glabrous, mostly hypogynous; ovary rudi-
mentary.
. Flowers 3 together, subsessile; fruit 1 to 3 together, ellipsoidal, subglabrous, 2 in.
in length by } in. in width, subsessile, 1—2-celled, terminated by remains of style, 1-seeded,
straight, rarely 3-celled and 3-seeded ; fruiting calyx, j;—+ in. high, cup-shaped, with 3 broad
and shallow lobes; seed 14 in. in length by 3, im. in thickness with a depressed longitudinal
line; albumen not ruminated; radicle more than double the length of the cotyledons.
A slender tree attaining 50—60 feet in height and 9 to 12 inches in diameter, with
dark scaly bark, found growing in the scrubs; wood soft and tough; fruit eaten by the
natives (Thozet).
E. Australia, from Moreton Bay to Rockingham’s Bay; Queensland, Dallachy!; Rodd’s
Bay, N. E. Australia, A. Cunningham / 306; Moretown Island, Dr Mueller /; Brisbane River,
Fraser!, Mueller! ; Queensland Woods, London Exhibition, 1862, no. 50, Hill!; Keppel Bay,
Shoalwater Bay, Thirsty Sound, Broad Sound, &. Brown!
16. Masa HumILis, R. Br. Prodr. p. 527. n. 3 (1810).
M. foliis obovatis, parvis, apice rotundatis vel subretusis, basi cuneatis, coriaceis, glabris,
subsessilibus; floribus masculis 3-nis, brevissime cymosis, trifidis, campanulatis, calyce sub-
glabro, staminibus 8—9, glabris, ovarii rudimento hirsuto; jfloribus femineis solitariis, sub-
sessilibus, trilobis; fructibus glabris, apice hirtellis, ellipsoideis, calyce fructifero cupuliformi,
glabro.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vill p. 242. n. 12 (1844); Benth. Fl. Austr. Iv. p. 291. n. 9 (1869);
non Ettingsh. Blatt-skel. dikot. p. 90. t. 36. £ 8 (1861).
Diospyros humilis, F. Muell. Austral. Veg. in Intercolonial Exhibition Essays, 1866—67,
p. 35 (1867).
An erect bush glabrous or puberulous except the flowers, 2—5 feet or sometimes 20 feet
high, much branched ; branches terete, subcinereous. Leaves obovate, rounded or retuse at
apex, narrowed at base, coriaceous, $—1} in. in length by }—?in. in width; petioles 3,—; in.
in length; veins not conspicuous ; young leaves with a few depressions on the lower surface
which disappear from the older leaves.
&é. Cymes 3-flowered, jt, in. in length; flowers not much exceeding +; in. in length;
calyx in the dry state of a chestnut brown colour, 3-fid, subglabrous; corolla not much
exceeding calyx, 3-fid, lobes straight, light-hairy outside; stamens 8 or 9, some in pairs,
hypogynous, glabrous; ovary rudimentary, hairy.
?. Flowers solitary, subsessile, } in. in length, oval; calyx pubescent, subferruginous, with
3 shallow rounded lobes, turbinate; corolla not much exceeding calyx, hairy outside. Fruit
solitary, 3-celled with cells 2-seeded, or 1—2 cells often abortive and seed solitary, glabrous
except at apex, 3; in. in length ellipsoidal; fruiting calyx between a half and a third of
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 121
the length of fruit, cupshaped, at first with a short cylindrical base, glabrous; radicle longer
than the cotyledons.
Australia, from Arnhem Land to the islands in the Gulf of Carpentaria and to the
tropic in East Australia. Rockhampton, Dallachy and O’Shanesy!; Point Pear, Mueller /;
Dawson River, Mueller’; Burnett River, Mueller’; Gilbert River, Mueller /; Cliffs on the
entrance of the Victoria River, Mueller /; Sweers Island, Henne’; Broad Sound near upper
head, in thickets not far from the shore, R. Brown!
17. Masa ReticuLata, R. Br. Prodr. p. 528. n. 6 (1810).
M. foliis obovatis vel ovalibus, apice emarginatis vel rotundatis, supra valde reticulatis,
coriaceis, glabris, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis 3—4-meris, 3—5-nis, brevissime cymo-
sis, campanulatis, calyce subglabro, staminibus 7—W4, glabris; floribus femineis solitariis,
subsessilibus, corollé 3—4-fidd, staminodiis 0, ovario sericeo, 3-loculari; fructibus glabratis,
subglobosis, calyce fructifero leviter aucto, intus breviter tomentoso, extus glabro.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vi. p. 241. n. 6 (1844); Benth. Flora Austr. Iv. p. 291. n. 7 (1869).
M. interstans, F. Muell. Fragm. bot. v. p. 163 (1866).
A shrub of 8 ft. or a tree from 20 to 30 feet in height, erect, glabrous or very quickly gla-
brescent, much branched; branches terete, spreading at about 45°—50°, bark cinereous,
thinly rimose. Leaves oval or obovate, emarginate or rounded at apex, suddenly narrowed
or rounded at base, margins often recurved, highly reticulated above, midrib depressed
2 in. in length.
above, coriaceous, 1} to 4in. in length by $ to 24 in. im width; petioles #4
6. Cymes 3—5-flowered, hairy, ;4—+ in. in length, crowded on young branches; pedicels
very short, with oval ciliate caducous bract at base; flower tin. in length, usually tri-
merous, occasionally tetramerous ; calyx campanulate, dark, #5 in. in height, with 3 or rarely
4 roundly deltoid lobes reaching about halfway down calyx, subglabrous; corolla 3—4-fid,
argenteo-sericeous outside, narrowly urceolate; stamens 7—14, hypogynous, equal, glabrous,
when numerous many in pairs, about } in. in length; anthers about im. in length, nar-
row ; ovary rudimentary, hairy.
Q. Flowers solitary, subsessile, thick, about 1 in. in length; calyx 3-fid, nearly hemi-
spherical, nearly glabrous outside ; corolla urceolate, 3- or unequally 4-fid, silky; staminodes
0; style scarcely any; stigma 3-lobed; ovary globular-pointed, silky, pale, 3-celled, cells
2-ovuled; fruit globular or depresso-globular, } in. thick, glabrate and shining; fruiting calyx
3-celled, 3-seeded, somewhat accrescent, finally recurved or spreading, covered inside with
dense furlike hair, glabrate outside, 1 in. across.
Australia, Cape York, Voyage of Rattlesnake, October 1848, John Macgillivray! 439 ;
Mr Daniel! March 1868 ; Rockingham Bay, Ferd. Mueller! Dallachy; Prince of Wales and
Cumberland Islands, R. Brown! Nov. 2, 1802, in male flower.
18. Masa compacta, R. Br. Prodr. p. 528. n. 7 (1810).
U. foliis ovalibus, apice emarginatis vel rotundatis, coriaceis, glabris, reticulatis, breviter
petiolatis; fructibus solitariis, subsessilibus, subglobosis, glabratis, nitentibus, 3-locularibus,
3-spermis ; calyce fructifero patente vel reflexo, intus tomentoso, extus glabro.
Vout. XII. Part L 16
122 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
Alph. DC. Prod. vit. p. 242. n. 11 (1844); Benth. Fl. Austral. rv. p. 290. n. 6 (1869).
Known only in fruit; shrub 4—5 feet high, erect, branched ; shoots terete, bark dark
cinereous; glabrous except the inside of the spreading or recurved calyx. Leaves oval,
suddenly narrowed or rounded at base, emarginate or rounded at base, coriaceous, highly reti-
culated, 2—4 in. long (including dark petiole 4—4in. long) by 1{—2}in. wide; midrib
depressed above. Fruit subsessile, solitary, depresso-globose, yellow, about 4 in. thick, glabrate
and shining, 3-celled, 3-seeded; fruiting calyx }im. across, spreading or recurved, densely
covered on reflexed surface with short furlike tementum, glabrous outside.
Differs from Maba reticulata by wider leaves and more spreading or reflexed not
cupuli-form fruiting calyx.
Australia, North Coast Island, Feb. 18, 21, 1803, R. Brown!
19. Mapa HILtesranpu, Seem. FI. Vit. p. 151 (1866).
M. foliis oblongis vel ovato-oblongis, apice obtusis, basi rotundatis vel cordatis, glabris,
tenuiter coriaceis, supra crebre reticulatis, breviter petiolatis; floribus solitariis sessilibus bast
bracteatis, masculis 3-meris, femineis 3—4-meris; staminibus 9, glabris; fructibus oblongis
subglabratis, calyce fructifero glabro, lobis deltoideis.
Glabrous except the inflorescence; branches dark cinereous. Leaves oblong or ovate-
oblong, rounded or cordate at the base, usually obtuse at the apex, thinly coriaceous,
2—6 in. long by 1—31 in. wide; veins except midrib in relief on both sides, remarkably
prominent on the upper side, reticulated; petioles =;—,3, in. long. Flowers solitary sessile
with several imbricated ciliate bracts at base.
&é. Flowers pubescent, trimerous; stamens 9, 6 in 3 pairs alternating with the corol-
la-lobes and 3 distinct opposite the corolla-lobes, all glabrous ; ovary rudimentary, hairy.
Q@. Fruit oblong, 3 in. long by 4—2 in. thick, subglabrate, somewhat oblique; fruiting
calyx fin. long by 2—} in. wide at apex, 3—4-fid, glabrous; lobes deltoid acute, some-
what spreading.
Sandwich Islands, Mountains, Oahu, Dr Hillebrand!, Remy! 472.
20. Mapa ELLiprica, J. R. et G. Forst. Char. Gen. Pl. p. 122. t. 61 (1776).
M. foliis ellipticis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, apice obtusis, basi cuneatis, subcoriaceis, glabres-
centibus, breviter petiolatis ; cymis axillaribus, 3—8-floris, pubescentibus; floribus trimeris,
campanulato-tubulosis ; staminibus 3 vel 6; ovario 3-loculari, pubescente; fructibus ellipsoideis,
pedunculatis, pubescentibus.
J. R. et G. Forst. Beschreib. Gatt. Pflanz. edit. Kerner, p. 127. t. xv. f. 61 (1779); Poiret
in Lam. Encyel. Méth. Suppl. m1. p. 566. t. 803 (1813); Labill. Sert. Austro-Caled. p. 32. t. 35
(1824); Alph. DC. Prodr. vir. p. 240. n. 1 (1844); Ettingsh. Blatt-skel. Dikot. p. 90. t. 40.
f, 2 (1861); non Seem. Fl. Vit. p. 152 (1866).
Ebenus vulgaris, Rumph. Amb. Vol. m1. p. 1. t. 1 (1750).
? Ebenoxylum verum, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 613 (1790).
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA, 123
Maba Ebenus, Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1. p. 126. n. 8 (1825), Alph. DC. lc. p. 242. n. 17,
Hassk. Retz. 1. p. 107 (1855), non Wight.
? Maba? ebenoxylon, G. Don, Dict. Gard. and Bot. Iv. p. 43. n. 10 (1837).
Diospyros hexasperma, Hasselt ex Hassk. Pl. Javan. p. 468. n. 353 (1848).
A shrub of 6 ft. or more or a moderate-sized tree or sometimes a lofty tree; branches
slender, cinereous, terete, rather rough; shoots hairy ; glabrescent; leaves elliptical or oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse at apex, cuneate at base, glabrescent, subcoriaceous, 14—44 in. long by
$—12 in. wide; petioles ;j—1 in. long.
é.Cymes longer than the petioles, 1—1in. long exclusive of the flowers, pubescent,
0
3—8-flowered, crowded on the young branches; common peduncle ;4—1 in. long; bracts
linear, small, caducous; flowers trimerous, } in. long, campanulate-tubular, pubescent; calyx cam-
panulate, $in. long, lobes deltoid-acute ; corolla tubular, 3-fid, yellowish white, lobes acute, ;4, in.
long, rather patent; stamens 3 or 6, ae ee glabrous, distinct ; ovary rudimentary, hirsute.
Q@. Cymes }—} in. long; flowers as in g; staminodes 0; ovary hairy, ovoid, 3- (or
according to Labillardiére 4- or by abortion 2-) celled; cells 2-ovuled; style short; stigma
3 (—4)-lobéd; fruit fleshy, pedunculate, crowded, greenish, ellipsoidal, scarcely lin. long
by } 1m. thick, pubescent or nearly glabrous, 2—3-celled; seeds triquetrous; albumen car-
tilaginous; ‘plumule indistinct; fruiting calyx not accrescent, somewhat spreading, 3-fid,
4—1} in. across; lobes deltoid.
Friendly Islands, Forster !, Capt. Cook !, A. Matthews ! 144; Navigator’s Islands, Wilkes /
var. foliis acuminatis; Amboina, Rumf, Teijsmann!, Hasskarl ; Java, Hasselt; Cochinchina (%),
Loureiro; New Caledonia, Labillardiére!, Vieilard/ 893; “Amsterdam Insula Oceani pa-
cifici” (= Tonga Tabboo, Friendly Islands), J. R. and G. Forster /. Called Maba, by the natives
in the Friendly Islands, and Avhar&pat in Java. The plant called Anzime in Navigator’s Islands
(see Rev. Thomas Powell in Seemann’s Journal of Botany, Vol. vi. p. 278, 1868) may belong to
this species; it is eaten by children, and flowers in June or J uly and in January or February.
Difficult when young to distinguish from J. rufa, and approaching also M. buwifolia.
21. Masa suMATRANA, Miq. Pl. Junghuhn. i. p. 204 (1851—55), Fl. Ned. Ind. vol. 11.
p. 1051, tab. xxxvi. B (1856).
M. foliis ovato- vel ovali-oblongis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis, costatis, subtus secus costas
hirtellis; cymis masculis axillaribus, multifloris ; calyce trilobo ; corolld ovoideo-tubulosd ; sta-
minibus 9, glabris ; ovarw rudimento pubescente.
A subferruginous, pubescent tree, about 30 feet in height. Branches terete. Leaves
ovate- or oval-oblong, acuminate, rounded at base; margins flat, dark green, and with scat-
tered appressed long hairs on upper face; velutinous and subferruginous, especially on veins
beneath ; lateral veins numerous (about 8), plain beneath ; petiolate ; subcoriaceous ; 24—4 in.
in length by 2—1} in. in width; petioles =;—+ in. in Vent
$. Cymes pedunculate, Hanchawered, 7—1 in. in length; flower (in bud) }in. in
length, oblong, subferruginous, tomentose ; calyx in. in length, 3-lobed at apex; corolla
ovoid-tubular, with a slight constriction near middle, 3-fid; lobes cordate, sub-acute; sta-
mens 9, 6 in 3 pairs, 3 distinct, glabrous; anthers as long as filaments; ovary rudimentary,
hairy.
16—2
124 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Sumatra, Dr Fr. Junghuhn! 719; in woods near Tobing, ex Miq. in Pl. Jungh. 1. p. 204;
Java, De Vriese!
Marcreightia andamanica, Kurz in Rep. Veg. Andam. I. edit. i. p. 42 (1870), WM. oblongi-
folia, Kurz 1. c. edit. i: p. XI. (1867), is said by Mr Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. vol. Xt,
pt. ii. p. 74 (1871) to belong to Maba sumatrana, Migq.; it is a dull dark green shrub, with
oblong submembranous leaves 7—8 inches long by 2}—3 in. wide, subcordate at base, and
robust petioles + in. long; it was collected in South Andaman by Mr Kurz! in which island
he states that it is common.
22, MABA VIEILLARDI, sp. nov.
M. foliis obovato-ellipticis, apice rotundis vel retusis, basi cuneatis, coriaceis, glabris,
undatis, breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis brevissime cymosis, monstrosis in speciminibus ;
floribus femineis solitariis breviter pedunculatis ; fructibus glabratis, albido-pulverulentis, sub-
globosis, calyce trifido.
A tree of about 13 feet high; glabrous or on quite young parts slightly pubescent;
branches numerous, terete, smooth; leaves oval or somewhat obovate, coriaceous, alternate,
rounded or somewhat emarginate at apex, more or less narrowed at base, shining, of same
metallic lustre when dry and without conspicuous veins on each side, coriaceous, 1—2 in,
long by {—1 in. wide; petioles 1,—4 in. long, dark and rather stout; wavy (in the dry state)
and with revolute margins.
é. Cymes axillary on young branches, about ;4; in. long, recurved, puberulous ; flowers
about 4 in. long, monstrous in the specimen (Deplanche, 449) by the stamens being petaloid,
puberulous; calyx and corolla campanulate, about } in. long, deeply 3-fid; ovary 0.
2. Fruit solitary, on peduncles about jin. long, puberulous or glabrate, subglobose,
glabrous, covered with white efflorescence, nearly 4 in. in diameter, 3-celled, 5—6-seeded ;
seeds about } in. Jong; albumen scarcely ruminated, but with slight sinuous intrusion of the
rather thick testa; fruiting calyx, puberulous outside, glabrous inside, not accrescent, appressed
to base of r it, 3-fid, 1 in. across.
New Caledonia, Vieillard! n. 897; Deplanche! 448 (in fruit), 449, Kanala; Pancher !,
Tron Mountains of Kanala, 1862.
The following two species are very imperfectly known:
23. Mapa ANDERSONI, Soland. MSS. in Herb. Mus. Brit., Seem. Fl. Vit. p. 152 (1866).
M. arborea, ramis cinereis glabris; foliis ellipticis, apice obtusis, basi subrotundis, petio-
latis ; floribus pubescentibus, subsessilibus, masculis glomeratis ; fructibus solitariis.
A tree with cinereous branches, glabrous except the inflorescence, apparently dicecious,
Leaves alternate, elliptical, obtuse at apex, rounded or nearly so at base, of uniform colour,
with minute net-veins, 43—5} in. long by 21—3} in. wide; petioles about 4 in. long.
3(%). Flowers subsessile, clustered several together on the young branches.
?. Fruit solitary, subsessile, with wide articulation at base to the very short peduncle.
Tonga Islands, Capt. Cook!, third voyage.
Possibly identical with M. major, Forst. The foliage is somewhat like that of Wl. com-
pacta, R. Br.
.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 125
24. Masa magor, G, Forst. Pl. Escul. Insul. Ocean. Austr. p. 54, n. 21 (1786).
M. arborea, fructibus edulibus bipollicaribus, ceterum M. elliptice similibus, 2—3-spermis ;
seminibus triquetris.
Cook, Voyage to the Pacific Ocean in 1776—80, edit. ii. p. 393 (1785); Alph. DC. Prodr.
yin, p. 242. n. 15 (1844).
A tree known only from its fruit, which is 2 in. long, “roundly oval,” like that of
W. elliptica Forst., but three times the size, tough, egg-shaped, and containing 2 or 3 trique-
trous seeds in cells. The taste is insipid, but nevertheless is used by the natives of the
Friendly Islands for food, and is frequently planted near their houses; they call it Maba or
Mabba.
Tongatabu, Namoka, E-uwa, Hapa-i, and other of the Friendly Islands, G. Forster,
Capt. Cook.
25. MABA GRISEBACHII.
M. glaucescens, foliis rotundato- vel ovali-ovatis, apice spinuloso-apiculatis, coriaceis, basi
rotundis vel subcordatis, brevissime petiolatis, reticulatis ; floribus femineis solitariis, axillaribus,
brevissime pedunculatis, trimeris ; corolle lobis ovatis, acutis; staminodiis 6, glabris, uniseriali-
bus ; ovario ovoideo-conico, hirsuto, apice glabro, 6-loculari, 6-ovulato.
Macreightia buaxifolia, Grisebach, Catal. Plant. Cubens. p. 169 (1866).
Pale glaucescent shining stiff (shrub ?), with terete branches spreading at about 50°—60°,
glabrous except the flowers. Leaves alternate, crowded, rotund, oval, or ovate, spinulose-
apiculate, coriaceous, rounded or subcordate at base, shortly petiolate, average size 4t in.
long (including petiole and apiculus) by ;3; in. wide; petioles 4 in. long by 1, in. wide, dilatato-
concave ; veins reticulated, in relief on both sides, more conspicuous on under-side.
2. Flowers solitary, crowded, in axils of upper leaves, shortly pedunculate, 2 in. long,
trimerous ; peduncle equalling or slightly exceeding the petiole, hairy; calyx 1 in. long, thickly
coriaceous, covered outside with close short pale hairs and inside with denser hair except
near base; lobes + in. long, broadly ovate, suddenly acuminate at apex, with sides revolute
and sub-auricular at base, somewhat concave within to make room for the ovary. Corolla
3% in. long, hairy like the calyx outside except near base, glabrous inside; lobes 2; in. long,
ovate, acute, spreading; tube triangularly prismatic. Staminodes 6, jin. long, glabrous,
neatly equal, uniseriate, inserted near base of corolla. Ovary + in. long (including style), ovoid-
conical, continuous with the 3-lobed style, covered except at apex with short dense pale hair,
6-celled, cells 1-ovuled.
E. Cuba, near St Antonio, Wright! No. 2938.
26. MABA CARIBEA.
M. glaucescens, foliis obovatis, apice rotundatis vel emarginatis, basi angustatis, coriacets,
glabris, reticulatis, breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis brevissime cymosis, pubescentibus, tri-
meris, staminibus 8; floribus femineis solitarivs, sessilibus vel breviter pedunculatis, trimeris,
staminodiis 3—6, ovario dense hirsuto, 6?-loculari, 6-ovulato; fructibus subglobosis, glabris,
nitentibus ; albumine ruminato,
126 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
Macreightia caribea, Alph. DC. Prodr. vint. p. 221. n. 1 (1844), non Griseb. Veg. Karab.
Ins. Guadal. p. 91. n. 846 (1857, = Casasia calophylla Rich.).
Tree, glaucescent, glabrous except very young parts and flowers, which are pale fulvous
and softly pubescent ; branches making 60° with stem. Leaves obovate, rounded or emarginate
at apex, somewhat narrowed at base, coriaceous, midrib depressed above, glabrous, plane but
margins reflexed ; net-veins very closely and clearly reticulated, raised on both sides; 14—3 in.
in length by 2—14 in. in width, rather paler beneath ; petioles 75 in. in length.
g. Cymes very short, usually 3-flowered, pubescent, pale fulvous; flowers narrowly oval;
calyx tubular, with 3 shortly deltoid lobes at apex; corolla 3-fid; glabrous and dark inside ;
stamens 8, unequal; ovary rudimentary, hairy.
Q. Flowers solitary, sessile or on peduncles }—? in. in length, pubescent, 5—} in. in height ;
bracts small, pubescent; calyx coriaceous, thick, with wide undulating diverging and auricled
lobes; openly campanulate, deeply 3-fid, 2 in. in width, hairy on both sides; corolla 3-fid,
2 in. long, lobes acute, glabrous inside, hairy outside; staminodes 3—6, equal, inserted near
base of corolla; ovary densely hairy, 6 ?-celled, 6-ovuled. According to Grisebach (Fl. Br. W.
Ind. p. 404) the ovary is 3-celled, with 3 other incomplete dissepiments separating the gemi-
nate ovules. Fruit squarely subglobose, glabrous and shining, orange-coloured, about 1 in. in
diameter ; fruiting calyx nearly as wide, but not accrescent, horizontal; lobes with replicative
sinuses ; albumen deeply ruminated.
Cuba, C. Wright / 1331, near village called Monte Verde, E. Cuba; fugel, 662; Haiti,
C. Ehrenberg! ; Nectowa!/; Antilles!; “America meridionalis,” Richard / in Hb. Vahl.
-
7. MABA INTRICATA.,
M. glaucescens, intricato-ramosa, foliis obovatis, apice rotundatis, basi cuneatis, coriaceis,
brevissime vpetiolatis; fructibus globosis, glabratis, uncialibus, breve pedunculatis, 6-spermis,
albumine non ruminato, calyce fructifero patente, trilobo.
Macreightia intricata, A. Gray in Proceed. Amer. Acad. v. p. 163 (Jan. 1862).
Pale glaucescent (shrub ?), with intricate branches spreading at 60°—80°; young parts
weakly and appressedly pubescent. Leaves obovate, cuneate at base, rounded at apex, few-
veined, appressedly and inconspicuously pubescent on midrib and beneath, about 1 in. long
by } in. wide; coriaceous; petioles very short. Fruiting peduncles arching-reflexed, }—+ in.
long, tough, glabrous, solitary; fruiting calyx flat, } in. in diameter, covered with very short
inconspicuous and weak pale hairs, with 3 rounded lobes, tin. long, reflexed at tip; fruit
of bright orange colour, glabrate, globular, about 1 in. in diameter, 6-seeded; albumen not
ruminated.
Lower California, Cape St Lucas, &e., Xantus/ 68, Aug. 1859—Jan. 1860.
28, MABA ALBENS.
M. foliis obovato-oblongis, utrinque angustatis, confertis, molliter puberulis, subtus albenti-
bus, subcoriaceis, breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis 3-nis, brevissime cymosis, 3—4—5-merts ;
staminibus 12—11, glabris ; ovarti rudimento pubescente.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA. 127
Diospyros alhens, Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1. p. 62 (1835-6).
Macreightia albens, Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 221. n. 2 (1844); Ettingsh. Blatt-skel. Dikot.
p. 89. t. 38. f. 11 (1861).
A shrub or tree with pallid or cmereous bark and dull leaves; branches terete, glabrescent ;
young parts pubescent; leaves obovate-oblong or lanceolate, more or less narrowed at both
ends, crowded, softly puberulous, dull green above, paler beneath and with minute scales,
subcoriaceous, midrib slightly depressed beneath, veins slender; 1}—3 in. long by 3—12 in,
wide; petiole 4;—+ im. long.
g. Flowers arranged on short (;—4 in. long) pubescent 3-flowered cymes, which grow
on the youngest shoots; $ in. long by 3 in. wide; calyx campanulate or ovoid, } in. long by
Lin. wide, unequally 3-fid (occasionally 4—5-fid vit lanceolate lobes), pubescent on both sides;
lobes usually ovate; corolla shortly 3—4-lobed, urceolate-oblong, pubescent outside, glabrous
inside, lobes oblique, imbricated sinistrorsely ; stamens 12—11 (6 filaments, 2 together ex Pres]
lc.) all or some inserted at the base of the corolla, glabrous; ovary rudimentary, pubescent.
Flowers in June.
Mexico, Acapulco, Presl, Haenke! 47; Soledad, Dr Wawra! 168.
29. MABA INCONSTANS, Grisebach, Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 404 (1864).
M. foliis oblongo-obovatis vel oblongis, apice obtusis, basi angustatis, subglabris vel sub-
tomentosis, tenuiter reticulatis, subcoriaceis, interdum minute pellucido-punctatis, breviter peti-
olatis ; floribus masculis brevter cymosis, 3—4-meris ; staminibus 6—12, sepius 9, inequalibus,
glabris ; floribus fenineis subsolitartis, 3—(4-)meris ; staminodiis 3—4; ovario hirsuto, 6-locu-
lari; fructibus solitarws, 6-locularibus, depresso-globosis, subglabratis ; seminibus oblongis ; albu-
mine non ruminato.
Macreightia inconstans, Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 221. n. 6 (1844).
Diospyros inconstans, Jacq. Amer. p. 276, t. 174. f. 67 ees
Macreightia conduplicata, Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 221. n. 5 (1844).
Diospyros conduplicata, Kunth in Humb. et Bonpl. Nov. Con ii. p. 254 (1818).
Diospyros Berterw, Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 234. n. 61 (1844).
Diospyros obtusifolia, Bert. in Alph. DC. 1. c., non Humb. es Bonpl.
Macreightia obovata, Mart. in Fl. Bras. vit. Eben. ee 9. t. 2. f. 3 (1856).
Macreightia psidioides, Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 221. n. 4 (1844).
Diospyros psidioides, Kunth in Humb. et Bonpl. Nov. Gen. iii. p. 254 (1818).
A moderate-sized dicecious (moncecious, according to Jacquin) tree or shrub, with young
parts and inflorescence fulvo- or ferruginous-pubescent, more or less glabrescent. Leaves alter-
nate, oblong-obovate or oblong, subglabrous or subtomentose-pubescent, reticulated, subcoria-
ceous, somewhat narrowed at base, and more or less pointed or obtuse at apex; sometimes
minutely pellucid-punctate; margins just recurved, 1?—6 in. long, 2—22 in. wide; midrib
depressed above ; petioles 4—} in. long; cymes short, drooping, 3-flowered or 3-several-flowered
in male plants, ;;—i—+ in. long; bracts small, caducous, acute, ovate or lanceolate or obovate-
oblong.
g . Flowers ~;—}in. long, 3—4- (usually 3-) -merous, campanulate-oblong ; calyx ;4,—1 in.
long, campanulate, pubescent; lobes ovate, somewhat spreading, about equalling the tube or
128 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
exceeding it; corolla glabrous (villous, according to Jacquin) within, pubescent outside, conical
at apex in bud; lobes ovate-lanceolate, about equalling the tube; stamens 6—12, usually 9
(8—10, according to Jacquin), unequal, either distinct or in pairs or 3 together, inserted at
base of corolla or partly hypogynous, glabrous; ovary abortive ; receptacle hairy.
Q@. Cymes soon becoming 1-flowered by lapse of the lateral flowers, $;—1 in. long.
Calyx openly campanulate, 3- (4-)fid, with reunded lobes, about 4} im. across, puberulous out-
side, tomentose inside; corolla widened below, the lobes extending only + way down, densely
ferruginous-pubescent outside; staminodes glabrous, (in one flower) 4, 2 being distinct and 2
combined by their filaments; in another flower 3, alternating with the corolla-lobes; ovary
6-celled, 6-ovuled, ;1;in. high, covered outside with short appressed drab hairs; style simple,
columnar, 4 in. high, trifid at apex, hairy at base ; stigmas punctiform ; fruit solitary, 6-celled,
yellowish, with black bitter pulp, depresso-globose, subsessile or shortly stalked, }—? in. thick,
subglabrate and shining; fruiting calyx about 3 in. in diameter, reflexed or nearly flat, with
3 (4) rounded or bifid lobes, tube thickened within; seeds oblong; albumen not ruminated.
The following varieties may be noticed:
a. obovata. A tree or shrub with obovate-oblong leaves.
8. granatensis. A shrub with oblong leaves. Occasionally the leaves are conduplicate
in the dry state).
ay
Flowers in February, July, and September.
S. America, St Vincent, Guilding!; Martinique, Plée! 762; New Granada, Carthagena,
Jacquin, Triana! 2613; Sabanilla, Karsten! ; S* Martha, Purdie! Goudot! No. 1; Guayaquil,
Bonpland! 3846; Brazil, Pohl! 1980, Sello! 1211, 1689, 2301; Rio Janeiro, Gaudichaud ! ;
Minas Geraes, Weddell! ; Dr Regnell! iu. 1516.
30. MABA ACAPULCENSIS.
M. foliis obovato-lanceolatis, apice acutis, basi cuneatis, utrinque hirtellis, subtus subcanes-
centibus, reticulatis, submembranaceis, petiolatis ; fructibus solitariis, subsessilibus, subglobosis,
uncialibus ; calyce fructifero patente, profunde 3-fido; albumine non ruminato.
Macreightia acapulcencis, Alph. DC. Prodr. vir. p. 221. n. 3 (1844), excl. Syn. Diospyros
salicifolia.
Diospyros acapulcensis, Kunth in Humb. et Bonpl. Nov. Gen. iii. p. 254 (1818).
Terminal buds oblong, sericeous-tomentose ; the axillary ones smaller, pubescent; shoots
glabrous, dark-cinereous, smooth; leaves obovate-lanceolate, acute, cuneate at the base, hir-
tellous on both sides, especially beneath where they are subcanescent, reticulato-venose, mem-
branous, 24 in. long or more, by about $ in. wide, petiolate; fruit solitary, subsessile, sub-
globose, 1 in. in diameter; fruiting calyx flat, nearly 1 in. across, deeply 3-fid; lobes widely
ovate, felted inside, puberulous outside ; albumen not ruminated; cotyledons oblong, rather
obtuse, double the length of the radicle.
Mexico, Acapulco, Bonpland !
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ. 129
31. MABA SALICIFOLIA.
M. ramis teretibus cinereis, junioribus pubescentibus ; foliis lanceolato-oblongis, utrinque
angustatis, apice obtusis, coriaceis, supra glabrescentibus, subtus pubescentibus, breviter petio-
latis, nervis inconspicuis; fructibus solitartis, globosis, glabris, breviter pedunculatis ; calyce
fructifero trifido, utrinque puberulo, appresso.
Diospyros salicifolia, Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. Pl. rv. p. 1112. n. 18 (1805); Hb.
Willd. n. 19250.
Young leaves and shoots pubescent; branches cinereous, terete. Leaves lanceolate-oblong,
narrowed at both ends, obtuse at apex, glabrescent above, coriaceous, with inconspicuous
veins, about 24 in. long by 3 in. wide; petioles } im. long, puberulous. Fruit solitary, globose,
glabrous, shining, of a pale orange colour, about 1} im. in diameter; peduncles } in. long,
stout, puberulous; calyx 3-fid, appressed to base of fruit, puberulous on both sides, about
1 in. across, lobes semi-elliptical, with obscure parallel veins.
Equatorial America, Humboldt and Bonpland !
Alph. De Candolle unites this species with M. acapulcensis, but the foliage is sufficiently
different.
32. Masa PAVONII.
M. foliis ovalibus, apice acutis, basi obtusis, supra subglabris, subtus velutinis, subcoria-
ceis, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis cymosis, brevissime pedicellatis, 3-meris, pubescenti-
bus; floribus femineis solitaris, breviter pedunculatis.
Macreightia Pavonit, Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 222. n. 7 (1844).
Branches puberulous. Leaves oval, acute at apex, rather glabrous above, velutinous and
paler beneath and on the petioles, 5—6 in. long by 2#in. wide; midrib puberulous above,
thinly subcoriaceous; petioles } in. long.
3. Flowers 2 in. long, several together on axillary fulvo-tomentose peduncles which are
about } in. long; pedicels scarcely 4; 1m. long. Calyx } in. long, ovoid, hairy on both sides;
lobes ovate, acute. Corolla fulyvo-sericeous outside except at base, glabrous outside, twice the
length of the calyx. .
Q@. Flowers solitary, 4; in. long; peduncles } in. long; calyx deeply 3-fid; lobes oval,
submucronate.
Local name Orlaca. Peru (?) or Mexico (?) ex Alph. DC., Pavon/
33. Mapa MANNII, sp. noy.
M. glabrescens, foliis ovalibus, apice obtusis, basi rotundatis vel parum angustatis, subco-
riaceis, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis 3-nis, brevissime cymosis, trimeris, staminibus 6—9,
leviter hirsutis, basi corolle insertis ; ovarw rudimento hirsuto; fructibus solitariis, subsessilibus,
subglobosis, glabratis, 5—6-locularibus ; calyce parvo, patente, leviter puberulo ; seminibus 5—6,
albumine ruminato.
A small tree, growing by rivers; glabrescent, dark when dried; branches terete, erect-
patent. Leaves oval, browner beneath, subcoriaceous, spreading, midrib and lateral veins
Vou. XII. Parr I. 17
130 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
clear, raised beneath, depressed above, 3 to 5 in. in length by 14 to 2} in. in width; petioles
1,—1 in. in length; flowers subsessile,
&. Cymes very short, very slightly pubescent, dark, 3-flowered, thick. Flower trimerous,
42 in. in length, slightly hairy, white when living, dark when dry. Calyx ciliate and
slightly hairy, j; in. in height, with 3 rounded lobes about 3; in. in length, campanulate, not
appressed to corolla, not accrescent; corolla tubular, glabrous, 3-lobed near apex; lobes } of
the depth of the corolla, rounded. Stamens 8 (6—9), linear, acute, somewhat hairy, inserted
at base of corolla, in 2 series (6 in outer series). Ovary rudimentary, hairy.
Q. Fruit glabrous, of bright orange colour when ripe (glabrescent), sub-globose, ob-
scurely 5—G6-sided, (5-) 6-celled, 5—6-seeded, nearly 1 in. in diameter. Fruiting calyx hori-
zontal, small, 3; in. across, faintly puberulous; albumen ruminated.
Flowers in April, near the Equator, West Africa, Niger Expedition, Barter! 1220;
Bagroo River, Mann! 839; Quorra, Vogel!
34. MABA SEYCHELLARUM, sp. nov.
M. fruticosa, foliis anguste ellipticis, apice obtusis, glabris, subcoriaceis, distichis, subsessi-
libus ; floribus femineis solitarirs, subsessilibus, pubescentibus, trimeris, calyce breviter 3-lobo,
staminodiis 3—6, glabris, basi corolle insertis, ovario ovoideo, 3-loculari, loculis biovulatis, stylo
apice 3-lobo; fructibus ellipsoideis, glabris ; calyce fructifero cupuliformi, appresso ; seninibus
solitartis, albumine non ruminato.
Shrub 10—12 ft. high; ‘branches dark-cinereous, terete, at 35°, with short patent hairs
at extremities, glabrescent; terminal bud with light brown pubescence. Leaves narrowly
elliptical, obtuse or notched at apex, slightly narrowed at base, subsessile, distichous, somewhat
convex from above in dried state; midrib depressed above, other veins inconspicuous; sub-
coriaceous, glabrous, 1 to 2 in. in length by } to }in. in width; internodes } to } in. in
length.
@. Flowers solitary, subsessile, with light brown pubescence, } in. long. Calyx campanu-
late, } in. long, with 3 shallow depresso-deltoid apiculate lobes, pilose outside, glabrous within.
Corolla 3-lobed, divided moge than half-way down, hairy outside except near base, glabrous
inside; lobes obtuse, imbricated. Staminodés 3 or 6, glabrous, inserted at base of corolla-tube.
Ovary ovoid, glabrous except near apex or pubescent all over, 3-celled, cells 2-ovuled. Style
erect, 3-lobed at apex, hairy except at apex. Fruit glabrous, ovoid, pallid, rather more than
8 in. long by rather more than } in. thick, 1 (?)-seeded. Albumen not ruminated, white; fruit-
ing calyx 3-cornered, shortly cup-shaped, about } in. high by } in. wide.
Seychelles L, Pervillé/ 36, mountains near the cascade; Mahé, 13 Febr. 1840.
A specimen with similar foliage but rather more slender branches and peduncles (spines?)
4—1 in. long without flowers may belong here. Seychelles, Boivin! Mahé.
Fruit subsessile, solitary, axillary, ellipsoidal, }—} in. long by 4—} in. thick, of a pale
colour, shining, glabrous except at the apex where the remains of the hairy style project;
fruiting calyx pubescent or glabrescent, cup-shaped, appressed to base of fruit, 3-lobed usually
with short depresso-deltoid lobes, ;—} in. high; fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded; seed rather more
than } in. long (in one case) by } in. thick; albumen not ruminated, bony. Seychelles, Dr
Percival Wright / 1867, 30 May—238 Nov., n. 122.
-<*
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA, 131
35. MABA LANCEOLATA.
M. foliis lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, utrinque acutis, glabris, coriaceis, breviter petio-
latis ; floribus masculis 1—3-nis, sessilibus, basi bracteatis, bracteis imbricatis, calyce hirsuto,
breviter 3-lobo, corolld 3—4-lobd, staminibus 24—32, glabris, basi corolle insertis ; floribus
femineis brevissime pedunculatis, ovario glabro, globoso, 3-loculari, loculis biovulatis ; fructibus
ovoideis, glabris, nitidis.
Diospyros lanceolata, Poir. Encycl. Méth. v. p. 434 (1804); Alph. DC. Prodr. vir. p. 236.
n. 69 (1844); non Wall.
A tree; with glabrous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate leaves, acute at both ends, especially
at the apex, coriaceous, in the dry state brown on both sides, 14—2# in. long by 3—1,, in.
wide; petioles spreading, }—; in. long; veins confluent at the margin, shining above;
margins recurved.
3. Flowers 1—3 together, sessile, ovoid, acute in bud, 1} in. long; surrounded at the
base by 7 imbricated rounded ciliolated unequal coriaceous bracts, glabrous except at margin,
the inferior ones very short. Calyx nearly }in. long, densely hirsute, ferruginous, shortly
3-lobed, 3-cornered, campanulate in flower (spreading in fruit much less hairy and } in.
across). Corolla glabrous but with broad hairy patches outside lobes, }—;, in. long, deeply
3—4-lobed; lobes oblong, emarginate, spreading and recurved. Stamens 24—32, glabrous,
inserted at base of corolla, the outer ones shorter; filaments short. Ovary wanting.
@. Peduncles very short, recurved; calyx urceolate, shortly 3-lobed, not accrescent ;
corolla narrowed at the throat, deeply 3—4-(?) lobed; staminodes ...; ovary quite glabrous,
shining, spherical, 3-celled ; cells 2-ovuled with imperfect septa in middle; style 3-lobed, erect;
fruit ovoid, glabrous, shining.
Madagascar, Commerson /
The leaf described and figured by Eétingshausen in Blatt-skel. Dikot. p. 89. t. 37. fig. 12
(1861) is decidedly larger than in the specimens that I have seen of this species; it pro-
bably belonged to a different species.
36. MABA NATALENSIS, Harv. Thes. Cap. 1. p. 7. t. 110 (1863).
M. fruticosa, ramis gracilibus patentibus ; foliis ovalibus, obtusis, glabris, supra nitentibus,
subtus pallidioribus, breviter petiolatis; floribus feminers solitariis, brevissime pedunculatis ;
calyce cupuliformi, glabro, integro; corolla trilobd, extus sericed; staminodiis 6—9, glabris,
uniserialibus ; ovario conico, glabro, 3-loculari, loculis bi-ovulatis.
A quickly glabrescent shrub; branches pale, slender, spreading at 60°—65°; shoots
flexuous, puberulous. Leaves oval, obtuse or mucranate at apex, submembranous, flat,
4—1 in. in length by }—,4 in. in width, veins delicate and inconspicuous, shining and dark
green above, paler beneath; petioles ;,—,, in. in length.
?. Flower solitary, axillary, very shortly pedunculate, 3 in. in length; peduncle ;;—,, in.
in length. Calyx 7, in. in length, truncate, entire, dark green, glabrous, semi-ellipsoidal,
Corolla 2; in. in length, argenteous-sericeous outside, 3-lobed ; lobes } in. in depth, diverging, ob-
long, acute. Staminodes 6—9, free, uniseriate, 75 in. in length, glabrous. Ovary conical, drab,
17—2
132 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
glabrous, terminated by a style 3-lobed at the apex, 3-celled, cells bi-ovuled; style as long
as ovary, glabrous. Fruit ellipsoidal, glabrous, of pale chestnut colour, 4 in. in height by fin.
in width; style persistent; fruiting calyx not increased in height, hemispherical, like an
acorn-cup, 1-seeded.
S. Africa, Natal, W. Z. Gerrard / 110; D’Urban, Macken! 675.
37. MABA ABYSSINICA, sp. nov.
M. fruticosa, foliis lanceolato-oblongis, plerumque apice obtusis et basi rotundatis, glabris,
subcoriaceis, planis, breviter petiolatis, nervis inconspicuis ; floribus masculis subsessilibus,
aggregatis, 3—4-meris, calyce laxo, lobis rotundatis ciliatis, corolld glabré, staminibus circiter
14, glabris ; floribus femineis 3—5-nis, aggregatis, brevissime pedicellatis, 3—5- sepius 3-me-
ris, calyce campanulato, non accrescente, corolla glabra, aperte campanulatad ; staminodiis 3—4,
glabris; ovario ovoideo, glabro, 6-loculara, loculis uni-ovulatis, stylo apice 3-lobo ; fructibus
glabris, subglobosis ; seminibus solitartis, albwmine non ruminato.
A large shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence; shoots dark, terete. Leaves lanceo-
late-oblong, obtuse and often somewhat acuminate at apex, more or less narrowed at base,
subcoriaceous, flat, of the same dull colour on each face, somewhat shining above, patent or
erect-patent, 2—5 in. long by }—13 in. wide; petioles {—} in. long; midrib slightly depressed
above, veins inconspicuous. Bracts pubescent, small, caducous; flowers subsessile, clustered,
axillary ; flowers mostly trimerous, sometimes 4—\5-merous.
g. Flowers in. long; calyx 3; in. long, lax, usually 3-fid, lobes rounded, minutely
ciliate; corolla widely campanulate, glabrous, 3—4-fid, lobes rounded; stamens about 14,
glabrous, appearing at the mouth of the open corolla, mostly in pairs, inserted at the base
of the corolla, filaments short; ovary rudimentary, glabrous.
¢. Flowers 8—5 together, on very short puberulous pedicels, }—} in. long; calyx } in.
long, or after the fall of the corolla about }in. long, glabrous or margins of the lobes
minutely ciliate, deeply 83—5- usually 3-lobed, campanulate, lobes wide or cordate at base,
4 in. long; corolla glabrous, openly campanulate, deeply 3—5-lobed, not always isomerous
with the calyx, lobes spreading or recurved, oval-ovate, obtuse; staminodes 3—4, glabrous,
alternate with the lobes of the corolla; ovary glabrous, ovoid, conical at apex, 6-celled, cells
l-ovuled; style thick, 3-lobed at apex; fruiting calyx lax, not accrescent ; fruit glabrous, sub-
globose, shining, of dark coppery colour, 7;—{ in. long by }—} in. thick, 1—few-seeded,
bearing remains of style at apex; albumen of fads cartilaginous, not ruminated.
Abyssinia, on the sides of the valley of Bellagass near Loegga, 5000 feet altitude,
Schimper / 1854, n. 1080 ; Sila 5000—6000 feet altitude, Schimper! 1854, n. 1334; Keren,
bank of river, Beccari! n. 55, May, 1870.
38. MABA QUILOENSIS, sp. nov.
M. glabrescens, foliis ellipticis, apice obtusis, basi subcordatis, submembranaceis, breviter
petiolatis, nervis lateralibus inconspicuts ; floribus femineis subsessilibus, sub-3-nis, calyce trilobo,
ovario glabro, ovoideo-conico, 6-loculari, loculis unti-ovulatis, stylo apice trilobo, glabro, caly-
cem superante.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 155°
Glabrous shrub; branches terete, at about 60°, argenteous-cinereous, except when very
young and then they become blackish in the dried state. Leaves alternate, elliptical, dark,
without conspicuous lateral veins, submembranous, obtuse or rounded at apex, usually sub-
cordate at base, 1 to 2 in. in length by } to 1 in. in width; petioles scarcely 3, in. in length.
Q. Flowers subsessile, about 3 together, dark when dry; calyx 3, in. in height, with
3 ovate diverging lobes extending % down the calyx; corolla fallen from specimens; ovary
glabrous, ovoid-conical, 6-celled, cells 1-ovuled; style 3-lobed at apex, glabrous, higher than
the calyx.
East Tropical Africa, Quiloa, Dr Kirk/ Fl. Zangueb. n. 110, 10 January, 1867.
39. MABA MICRANTHA.
M. foliis ellipticis vel oblongis, basi attenuatis, apice obtuse acuminatis, glabris, coriaceis,
petiolatis ; floribus femineis solitariis, sessilibus, awillaribus ; calyce tubuloso, integro, truncato,
tn squamis paucis bifariis imbricatis insidente ; corolla tubulosa, trifidd, quam calyce triplo lon-
gore, lobis ovatis obtusis patentibus ; staminodis 6, bast corolle insertis ; ovario hemispherico,
glabro, 6-loculart ; loculis uni-ovulatis ; stylis 3, erectis.
Holochilus micranthus, Dalz. in Kew Jour. Bot. Iv. p. 291 (1852), Dalz. et Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. p. 142 (1861).
A middle-sized tree. Leaves elliptical or oblong, attenuate at base, obtusely acuminate
at apex, coriaceous, glabrous, 4—5 in. long by 2 in. wide; petioles $ in. long. Flowers dic-
cious; ¢ flowers unknown.
2. Flowers } in. long, white, solitary, sessile, axillary; calyx tubular, entire, truncate,
placed among a few bifarious scales; corolla tubular, 3 times the length of the calyx, 3-lobed
nearly to the middle; lobes ovate, obtuse, spreading. Staminodes 6, inserted at the base of
the corolla-tube, distinct, filaments double of the length of the barren anthers; styles 3,
erect, rather thick, obtuse at the apex; ovary hemispherical, glabrous, 6-celled; ovules solitary.
Fruit cylindric-oblong, supported at the base by the accrescent truncate calyx, dry, hard,
1 in. long, 6-celled; seeds solitary.
In the Syhadra hills, on the Southern Ghauts, Bombay. Flowers in February and
March, Dalzell.
40. Mapa LAMPONGA, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1 n. 1179. p. 584 (1860).
M. foliis obovato-oblongis vel ellipticis, apice rotundatis retusis, basi angustatis, glabres-
centibus, coriaceis, breviter petiolatis, venis inconspicuis; floribus masculis (monstrosis in spe-
ciminibus?) axillaribus supra-axillaribus et lateralibus, paniculatis fasciculatis wmbellatis vel
interdum solitarvis ; floribus femineis solitariis, subsessilibus vel breviter pedunculatis, axilla-
ribus, calyce tridentato, corolld subcampanulata, lobis elliptico-oblongis, acuminatis, ovario
ovoideo, glabro, stylo brevissimo, stigmatibus 3, patentibus. ,
Buds velutinous. Leaves minutely and appressedly downy when young, quickly glabres-
cent, obovate-oblong or elliptical, acute or sub-cuneate at the base, in most cases widely
rounded and retuse at the apex, coriaceous, rather shining, griseo-pallid when dry, nearly
134 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA,
veinless, but with slender net-veins when old, 3}—2 in. long; petioles short, sub-trigonous.
Flowers dicecious ?
g. Flowers (all monstrous?) axillary supra-axillary and lateral, sometimes in short
panicles, at other times fascicled or umbelled, occasionally solitary, pedicelled; corolla repre-
sented by 3 ovate scales united at the base, alternating with the calyx-teeth, pubescent ;
moreover there are placed inside numerous narrower scales (monstrous stamens?) in several
series, free or united in pairs, more or less hairy at the back, plainly imbricated.
@. Flowers solitary, subsessile or shortly pedunculate, axillary; calyx coriaceous, cupu-
liform-globose, tridentate; teeth triangular acute, appressedly downy outside; tube of the
corolla short, subeampanulate, glabrous as high as the calyx; lobes elliptic-oblong, acuminate,
densely hirsute along the middle of the back. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style very short,
thick, stigmas 3, spreading, canaliculate in front.
South Sumatra in prov. Lampong; on sea coast. Teysmann.
41. MABA MERGUENSIS, sp. nov.
M. foliis ovalibus oblongis vel ovato-oblongis, apice acwminatis, basi subrotundis vel parum
angustatis, glabris, submembranaceis vel tenuiter coriaceis, petiolatis; floribus masculis 8-nis,
paniculatis, parvis, acxillaribus, 3—4-meris, pedicellis brevissimis ; calyce aperte campanulato,
‘minute puberulo, ciliato; corolld subglabrd; staminibus 14—16, glabris; ovarit rudimento
subtus glabro; floribus femineis dense cymosis, 3—9-nis, plerwmque trimeris ; staminodiis 3
vel 6, glabris, basi corolle insertis; ovario glabro, 6-loculari, loculis uni-ovulatis ; fructibus
globosis, glabris; seminibus oblongis, albumine non ruméinato.
Cfr. Diospyros frutescens, var., Blume, Bijdr. fl. ned. Ind. p. 668 (1825); 8. Tallak,
Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 230. n. 38 (1844).
A small tree, glabrous, with brown or dark-ashy branches, spreading at about 50°. Leaves
oblong or ovate-oblong, glabrous or sometimes with puberulous midrib beneath, sub-mem-
branous, dark above, paler and brownish beneath, rounded or slightly narrowed at base,
acuminate at apex, not black-punctate, nearly flat, veins delicately raised on both sides, or
sometimes slightly depressed on the upper surface, 2}—6} in. in length by 1—3 in. in width;
petioles 1—4 in. in length.
g. Cymes panicled, bearing numerous flowers, pubescent with short lightish brown hairs,
4 to 1 in. in length (excluding the flowers); pedicels very short; flowers small; calyx +; in.
in height, openly campanulate, with slight short pubescence outside, and 3 or 4 widely del-
toid lobes about half the depth of the calyx, ciliate; corolla nearly glabrous, about 1; in.
long, 8—4-lobed, lobes short; stamens 14—16, mostly or all in pairs, inserted at base of
interior of corolla or hypogynous, glabrous, the interior ones the smaller, anthers about
equalling the longer filaments; ovary rudimentary.
?. Cymes dense, short, many-flowered, with thick pedicels, pubescent in flower, gla-
brescent in fruit; bracteoles ovate, pubescent, caducous, jin. in length; flower usually
trimerous, occasionally tetramerous, } in. in length; calyx pubescent } in. in length, gla-
brescent, spreading, lobes #5 in. long, diverging, ovate, sides reflexed; corolla pubescent,
lobes ;; in. in length, oval, somewhat spreading; staminodes 3 or 6, inserted at base of the
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 135
tube of the corolla, } in. in length, linear, glabrous; styles 3, distant, glabrous, 3; in. in length ;
ovary semi-ellipsoidal, glabrous except at base where there is a band of hairs, 6-celled, cells
l-ovuled. Fruit glabrous, smooth and shining, globular, about 4—? in. in diameter, some-
times 4-celled when young; albumen of seeds not ruminated.
Flowers in January, fruits in February.
Mergui Archipelago, Griffith! (in fruit), Helfer! 3618; Sumatra, Korthals/; Borneo,
O. Beccari! n. 1670; ?Java, Blume!, Kurl and Hasselt /
42. Mapa FAscIcuLosa, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 163 (1866).
M. foliis ovato-lanceolatis vel oblongis, apice angustatis vel acuminatis, obtusis, basi angus-
tatis, glabris, coriaceis, petiolatis; floribus masculis numerosis, dichotome cymosis, 3—4-meris,
staminibus 8—18, antheris glabris, filamentis sepe minute ciliatis ; floribus femineis 3—x -nis,
3—4-meris, staninodiis 0—4, ovario glabro, 6-leculari, loculis uni-ovulates ; fructibus subglo-
bosis, glabris.
Benth. Fl. Austral. rv. p. 290. n. 5 (1869).
Diospyros fasciculosa, F. Muell. Austral. Veg. in Intercol. Exh. Ess. 1866—67, p. 35 (1867).
M. laxiflora, Benth. l.c. n. 4.
A tall shrub or lofty tree, glabrous with terete branches spreading at about 45°. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate oval or oblong, narrowed or acuminate at apex, obtuse, more or less narrowed
at base, minutely black-punctate beneath, 2—4} in. long by 3—1} in. wide; petioles 1—2 in.
long; midrib and veins more or less raised on both surfaces; margins somewhat recurved.
6. Flowers numerous, 3—4-merous, {—,% in. long, in fascicled axillary cymes 3—4 in.
long exclusive of the flowers; pedicels slender, subglabrous; bracteoles small, ovate, slightly
pubescent, caducous. Calyx ;,;—% in. long, with short lobes, somewhat pubescent outside,
glabrous inside. Corolla campanulate, 8—4-fid, glabrous or obsoletely pubescent, lobes rounded;
stamens 8—18, anthers glabrous, filaments often minutely ciliate; ovary rudimentary, gla-
brous.
2. Flowers 3 or many together, clustered, 3—4-merous; cymes axillary short; stami-
nodes 0—4, glabrous; ovary shortly conical, glabrous, 6-celled with cells 1-ovuled, or 3-celled
with 2 ovules in each cell separated by an incomplete dissepiment; style very short, 3-lobed
at apex. Fruit subglobose or shortly ellipsoidal, shining, of pale colour, 4;—3 in. long; fruiting
calyx 3—4-fid with spreading and reflexed deltoid lobes, tube cupuliform; seeds 1—4, albu-
men not ruminated.
Called in New Caledonia Médeso.
Australia, Rockingham, Dallachy!; Queensland Woods, Hill! 100; Brisbane River,
F. Mueller !; Rockhampton, O’Shanesy!, Thozet.
New Caledonia, Deplanche! 48, 206; Vieillard! 899.
43. MABA RUMINATA, sp. NOY.
M. foliis anguste ellipticis, utrinque angustatis, glabris, coriaceis, petiolatis; floribus
femineis w-nis, trimeris; fructibus subglobosis, glabris; calyce fructifero 3-fido, tubo hema-
spherico, lobis late ovatis, patentibus; albumine seminum ruminato.
136 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Young parts and inflorescence puberulous ; branches somewhat cinereous. Leaves narrowly
elliptical, narrowed at both ends, glabrous, alternate, coriaceous, 3—5 in. long by 4—13 in.
wide; petioles {—} in. long; margins recurved; midrib slightly dilatato-depressed above ;
veins not conspicuous above, of same colour as lamina beneath.
g. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, }—} in. long, spreading; pedicels 7;—% in. long,
puberulous; fruiting calyx 8-fid, nearly } in. across, glabrous or very nearly so, tube hemi-
spherical; lobes widely ovate, convex from above, spreading; fruit about } in. long, sub-
globose, glabrous, pale and shining; seeds with ruminated albumen.
New Caledonia, Deplanche/ 311.
44. MABA CONFERTIFLORA, sp. nov.
M. foliis ovali-oblongis, apice obtuse vel emarginate acuminatis, glabris, coriaceis ; floribus
masculis aggregatis, brevissime cymosis, subsessilibus, trimeris, corolla urceolato-tubulosd ; sta-
minibus 12, geminatis, glabris; floribus femineis axillaribus, subsessilibus, aggregatis, trimeris ;
staminodiis 2—8, stylo apice 3-lobo, ovario glabro, 6 ?-loculard.
A small tree; shoots subglabrous with scattered short appressed hairs, cinereous. Leaves
crowded, oval-oblong, obtusely or emarginately acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous except the
midrib beneath, shining, with depressed veins on the upper surface, somewhat paler beneath ;
lateral veins inconspicuous and weak; leaves 14—3} in. long (including subglabrescent petiole
+ in. long) by $—1} in. wide. Bracts shortly ovate.
g. Flowers many, crowded, on short slightly hairy cymes, subsessile, rufous; calyx
small, trifid, with scattered short hairs, spreading; corolla urceolate-tubular, shortly trifid,
with 3 hairy lines down the middle lines of the lobes; stamens 12, united by their fila-
ments in 6 pairs, the inner ones being the shorter, glabrous; anthers dehiscing widely from
apex downwards; ovary rudimentary, glabrous.
9. Flowers subsessile, crowded in axils of leaves, several abortive; calyx sub-glabrescent,
coriaceous, spreading, 3-lobed; corolla 3-fid; staminodes 2—38; style 3-lobed at apex; ovary
glabrous, 6 ?-celled, with a few hairs at base. .
Labuan, Lobb/, Motley! 205.
45. MABA PUNCTATA, sp. nov.
M. foliis oblongis, apice breviter acuminatis vel apiculatis, basi subcordatis, coriacets vel
submembranaceis, minute pellucido-punctatis, supra glabris nitidis, subtus secus nervos puberulis,
breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis dense cymosis, pubescentibus, trimeris, staminibus 9, glabris ;
frribus femineis 3—® -nis, breviter cymosis, supra-axillaribus, trimeris ; fructibus sub-globosis,
glabris, 6-locularibus.
Diospyros punctata, Korthals, MSS. in Hb. Lugd. Batav. Ebenac. n. 15.
A small tree; young parts, inflorescence, &e. softly ferruginous-pubescent ; shoots terete,
pubescent. Leaves oblong, alternate, coriaceous or submembranous, minutely pellucid-pune-
tate, subcordate at base, suddenly and sharply acuminate apiculate or mucronate at apex,
glabrous and shining above with depressed midrib and lateral veins; midrib and about 9
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA, sy
or 10 lateral veins on each side, puberulous, distinct and in relief beneath; lower surface
slightly and appressedly puberulous, with evanescent reddish pulverulence ; 33—10} in. long
by 14—3} in. wide; petioles ¢in. long, thick, terete, pubescent; usually some depressed
glands are visible on the lower surface of the leaves especially at the base.
6. Inflorescence axillary, dense, many-flowered, short, ;3—2in. long (exclusive of the
flowers); bracts acute, numerous, hairy ; pedicels varying in length up to } in.; flowers + in.
long, white; calyx $in. long, campanulate, shortly 3-fid, shortly pubescent outside, alnies
inside, lobes deltoid; corolla tubular, hypocrateriform, #,im. wide, shortly 3-lobed, sericeous
outside, glabrous inside ; lobes acute, spreading, #5 in. long; stamens glabrous, 9, hypogynous,
equal, 6 united by thes filaments in 3 pairs of which ihe inner ones are the shorter, and
3 distinct; anthers longer than the filaments, linear, acute ; ey 0; receptacle glabrous.
@. Inflorescence supra-axillary; cymes 3—many-flowered, 1—1 in. long CaOuENs of the
flowers); bracts small acute caducous; fruiting pedicels thickened upwards, ;,—1 in. long;
pericarp rather thick; fruit ovoid nt long by 2 in. thick, terminated by style 35 in. lone
3-lobed at apex, glabrous (in dry state), subverrucose, shining, 6-celled, Gabededs fruiting
calyx appressed to young fruit and sericeous, quite patent and nearly glabrate in older
fruit, not accrescent, }in. across, 3-fid with ovate or deltoid lobes.
Borneo, Foot of Gunong Pautie on Serpentine Rocks. Mr Motley! n. 766; Korthals /,
Beccari! n. 1423.
Pratt TV. A fruiting branch, natwral size. a. A piece of a male branch in flower,
natural size. b, A piece of a female branch, natural size. c.
3. DIOSPYROS OPPOSITIFOLIA, Thw. En. Ceyl. Pl. p. 181. n. 11. (1860).
D. foliis oppositis, obtusis, breviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis, coriaceis, glabratis, breviter
petiolatis ; floribus masculis anguste tubulosis, subsessilibus, tetrameris, calyce 4-fido, campa-
nulato, corolla breviter 4-sidd, staminibus circiter 8, incequalibus.
Bedd: Te. Pl Ind. Or. (Pt vin.) p. 27. t. 131 (871).
A moderate-sized tree; branches glabrous terete. Leaves oval, firmly coriaceous, glabrous
(or the younger ones slightly pubescent), rounded at base, obtuse or shortly acuminate at apex,
opposite or subopposite, 2—Gin. long by 14$—8in. wide; net-veins inconspicuous, nearly
transverse and feebly depressed on the lower surface; petioles j4—jin. long, tumid-
erass, dark, glabrous.
3 Flowers sessile or subsessile, few together, 2in. long. Calyx ;,in. long, not quite
glabrous, 4-lobed nearly to the middle, with acute lobes. Corolla slender, hispid, }in. long,
lobes about 4 the depth of the corolla. Stamens about 8, very unequal; (the filaments
and connectives are figured as having short hairs). The timber of this tree resembles
that of D. quesita, Thw., Calamander.
Ceylon, Thwaites!; C.P. 3011; Hinidoon Corle, up to elevation of 1000 feet ; local name
‘“ Kaloomidereya-gass.”
158 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
4. Drosprros Tupru, Buch. Journey vol. I. p. 183 (1807).
D. foliis alternis et suboppositis, ellipticis ovatis vel subrotundis, apice obtusis rarius
acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel rarius angustatis, coriaces, subtus tomentosis, petiolatis; pe-
dunculis florum masculorum longitudine petioli, apice 3—4-floris, calyce campanulato apice
4—6-lobo, staminibus 12—18; floribus femineis solitariis brevissime pedunculatis, staminodits
0—6, fructibus subglobosis vel ovoideis glabris, calyce profunde 4—6-fido, lobis ovatis margine
extus reflexis; albumine ruminato.
Hamilt. (olim Buch.) in Trans. Linn. Soe. xv. p. 111 (1827).
Diospyros exculpta, Hamilt. lc. p. 110, D. exsculpta, Alph. D.C. Prodr. vit p. 228.
n. 3 (1844), Bedd. Fl Sylv. t. 66 (1870) 2 fr.
Diospyros insculpta, Hamilt. lc. p. 112, Alph. DC. Lc. n. 6.
Diospyros tomentosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 40 (1814), Fl. Ind. edit. 1832 vol. 2. p. 532,
Roxb. draw. n. 1728 in Hb. Kew, R. Wight Ic. tt. 182, 183 (1840), non Poi.
2D. speciosa, Wood, Rep. For. Oudh 1867—68, p. 33 (name only, 1869).
Called Tupru (Carnatic), Kend (Hindoo), Kendu (Bengal) according to Hamilton, and
Kallindoo (Sanscrit), Kyou and Ywmala (Bengal), according to Roxburgh; Tunki in the
Cuddapah district, and Zumboornee in the Bombay presidency, according to Beddome.
A tree either of small moderate or large size up to 60—80 ft. high; dicecious or poly-
gamous; the heart-wood is black in some trees and of a hard and heavy substance called
at Munghur Batii and at Saseram Abnus. The latter word is said to be of Persian origin
and a source from which our word Ebony is derived. Trunk grey-black, bark very closely
cracked both transversely and longitudinally. Branches cinereous, alternate or opposite, ramified
as in the oak ; young shoots ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves opposite subopposite and alternate,
elliptical ovate or subrotund, bright green, more or less coriaceous, usually almost glabrous
on the upper side and tomentose beneath, sometimes glabrous on both sides; obtuse or
rounded at the base; emarginate rounded or obtusely narrowed or sometimes apiculate
at apex; 3—I4in. long by 14—7}in. wide; petioles }—fin. long; lateral veins usually
prominent beneath; deciduous.
& Flowers 3 or 4, on recurved thickened tomentose peduncles equalling or rather
longer than the petioles, 4—5-merous, white, }— ,;in. long; bracts small; pedicels very
short; calyx tomentose, campanulate; corolla much longer than the calyx, with short lobes,
hairy outside; stamens 12—18, inserted on the receptacle, glabrous (7); ovary rudimentary,
hairy.
Q Flowers solitary, subsessile or shortly stalked, 4—6-merous; peduncles about ;\in.
long; bracts 3—4, scale-like, caducous; calyx campanulate, 4—6-fid; corolla shortly 4—6-
lobed; staminodes 0O—6; ovary 4 (-6%) -celled, somewhat hairy; styles 2 (—8).
~
Fruit egg-
shaped or globose, glabreseent, about lin. long by fin. thick, usually 4-celled and 3-seeded ;
seeds din. long by fin. wide and fin. thick; fruiting calyx surrounding the base of the
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA. 159
fruit or spreading, pubescent on both sides, 3—{in. across, not or scarcely accrescent ;
testa shining, marked with reticulated depressions; albumen cartilaginous, ruminated, grey.
“The fruit when ripe is sweet and not very bad tasted;” according to Hamilton the
cotyledons in J. insculpta are conduplicate. This valuable tree sheds all its leaves in the
cold season, and they appear again in the beginning of the hot weather (Beddome); not
uncommon in the Cuddapah, Salem and Kurnool forests in Madras. Difficult to distinguish
from D. melanoxylon, Roxb., to which species it ought perhaps to be united.
N.W. India. Hb. Royle! ; Brundekund, Edgeworth ! 6004; Hb. Stocks! ; plains of Behar,
&e., Dr Hooker! 440, 441; Magadi (used for small beams and posts), Hejuru, S.W. Mysore
(a large tree; timber good), Buch. Ham. Journey vol. 1. p. 183. vol. 11. p. 125, W. Himalaya,
Dr Stewart !
~
5. DIOSPYROS MELANOXYLON, Roxb. Coromand, p. 36, t. 46 (1795).
D. foliis oppositis suboppositis vel alternis, ovalibus vel eblongis, apice rotundatis vel leviter
angustatis, basi cuneatis vel rarius rotundatis, pubescentibus tenwiter coriaceis, petiolatis ; pedun-
culis florum masculorum longitudine petioli plurifloris, calyce campanulato, tomentoso, breviter
4—5-lobo, staminibus 12—16, rarius 8, glabris vel antheris leviter hirsutis ; floribus Semineis
solitariis brevissime pedunculatis 5—4-meris, staminodiis 8 vel 10, ovario 4—(8-) loculari, fruc-
tibus globosis vel ovoideis, pubescentibus vel glabratis, plerumque 4-spermis ; albumine ruminato.
Alph. DC. Prodr. virt. p. 224. n. 7 (1844), non Blum. nec Hassk.
D. Wightiana, Wall.! List n. 4406 (1828—32), Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 223. n.2, Beddom.
Fl. Sylv. Madras, t. 67 (1870).
D. Roylii, Wall. List n. 4134 (1828—382), D. Roylei, Alph. DC. l.c. p. 239, n. 89.
D. dubia, Wall. n. 4407, Alph. DC. lc. p. 223. n. 4, non Goepp.
Cfr. D. rubiginosa, Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. p. 885 (1821), et D. montana, Heyne ex Roth /.c.,
non Roxb,
Tunki Tumi and Tumbi in Tamil and Telugu, ex Beddome, Fl. Sylv. Madr. t. 67 (1870) ;
Tumida of the Telingas, ex Roxb. l.c.; Twmballi of the Tamuls, ex Roxb. Fl. Ind. edit. 1832,
vol. 11. p. 531; Zindoo of the Hindoos ex Roxb. l.¢.; (Zendoo, Beddome); Coromandel ebony
tree; Thomboorah Marum in Hb. Wight; Zoomrie, Dr Ritchie (Belgaum).
A large tree with a trunk 8—10 feet in circumference, sometimes only a small shrub ;
dicecious; young shoots very downy, pale-ferruginous. Leaves opposite subopposite and
alternate, pubescent especially beneath, thinly coriaceous, oval or oblong, cuneate or rarely
rounded at base, rounded or somewhat narrowed at apex, 2—6 in. long by 1—2! wide;
petioles }—} in. long; veins less conspicuous than in D. Tupru; deciduous.
é. Flowers }—} in. long, in panicled tomentose-ferruginous drooping cymes }—} in,
long, longer than the petioles, several or many together, with small bracts at base and apex
of short pedicels. Calyx shortly 4—6-lobed, campanulate, tomentose on both sides. Corolla
4—6-lobed at apex, glabrous inside, densely silky outside, 1}—3 times the length of the calyx.
Stamens 12—16 (rarely 8 only), in pairs when 16, glabrous or with lines of short hairs back
160 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
and front on the anthers which are longer than the filaments; ovary wanting or rudimen-
tary and hairy.
@. Flowers rather larger than the male, solitary, subsessile, pentamerous or tetramerous ;
calyx hairy on both sides, 5-winged (Gn D. Wightiana, Wall.!) by the patent projection of the
margins of the lobes; staminodes 8 or 10; styles 2 bifid somewhat hairy; ovary 4! (—%) -celled,
densely hairy; cells l-ovuled. Fruit globular or ovoid, somewhat hairy or glabrescent, usually
4-celled and 4-seeded, about 1 in. long; albumen of seed somewhat ruminated ; according to
Roxburgh 2—8 seeds ripen; fruiting calyx nearly flat about 3 in. across
Neilgherries and Serramallee Hills, India, R. Wight! (D. dubia); Adjeeghur, and Bisrum-
gunge ghaut, Royle (D. Roylii); Belgaum, Dr Ritchie! 1108; Calicut!, Hb. Wight! 1723,
Subbulpore, 1727, 1721, 1725; Hb. Grifith!, 3630, 3626 (1); Bababoodun Hills, Mysore, Mr
Law!; common in dry forests in Madras, according to Major Beddome. The ebony tree of
Malabar and Coromandel. Mysore, a small shrub, common, Dr Brandis/, May 1868.
It is only the centre of large trees that is black and valuable, and tbe quantity found
varies with the age of the tree. The outer portion of the wood is white and soft, and either
decays soon or is destroyed by insects which leave the black part untouched. The ripe fruit is
eaten by the natives in the Circars, but is astringent and not very palatable. The bark of
the tree possesses tonic and astringent properties, and in decoction proves useful in atonic
diarrhoea, dyspepsia and diseases of debility. [See E. J. Waring, Pharmacopeia of India,
p. 132 (1868).]
Ctr. D, decandra, Lour.
6. Diospyros DECANDRA, Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. p. 227 (1790).
D. foliis ovato-lanceolatis vel ellipticis, apice obtuse acuminatis, basi plus minus angustatis,
alternis, tenuiter coriaceis, leviter pubescentibus, petiolatis ; floribus femineis sub- 3-nis, cymosis,
4—5-meris; corollé urceolaté; staminodiis 10, glabris; ovario 6—8-loculari; Jructibus subglo-
bosis edulibus.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 238. n. 85 (1844), non Boj.
A large tree with rather patent branches, producing excellent heavy timber, white but
marked with many black veins and sometimes with black heart-wood. Leaves thinly
coriaceous, slightly pubescent, especially on the midrib, which is somewhat depressed on the
upper surface, of nearly the same brown colour (in the dry state) on both sides, alternate,
elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, shortly and obtusely acuminate at apex, more or less narrowed
at base, 2—3 in. long (besides petiole ~,—2 in. long) by ;4—1} in. wide; venation as in D.
melanoxylon.
&. Inflorescence rufous-hairy, more or less glabrescent; peduncles axillary, ranging up
to 4 in. long or rather more, bearing 3 or more flowers on act pedicels. Flowers whitish.
Flower-bud depresso-ovato, 4 in. long by 3% in. thick; calyx deeply 4—5-fid, enclosing the
young corolla, with valvate (?) deltoid lobes whose sides are somewhat revolute; -corolla
shortly lobed, glabrous inside, tube urceolate, lobes obtuse, reflexed in full flower; staminodes
glabrous, 10 according to Loureiro, short, inserted at the base of the corolla. Ovary 6- or
8-celled and -ovuled; ovules pendulous. Style short, lobed at apex. Fruit compresso-rotund
or subglobose, subglabrate at least in part, 6—8-celled in the cases examined, about 1 in, in
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 161
diameter or perhaps larger, yellow, edible, pulpy, sweet but astringently so, 6—8-seeded,
strongly scented, not very pleasant to the taste. Fruiting calyx spreading, nearly as wide as
the fruit when young, Seeds bony, “compresso-ovate.”
The fruit according to Loureiro is brought to market for sale.
N. Cochinchina. Lowreiro/ A.D. 1774 (seen in Hb. Mus. Brit.). Local name Cay Thi.
Very possibly D. melanoxylon, Roxb. ought to be united with this species; but the leaves
in the latter are all alternate, so far as the specimen seen by me shews.
7. DIOSPYROS SYLVATICA, Roxb. Coromand. p. 37. t. 47 (1795).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, sepe acuminatis, basi angustatis, vix coriaceis, glabris vel sub-
glabris, breviter petiolates ; floribus masculis cymosis, -nis, globosis, parvis, swpius 4-meris
interdum 3- vel 5-meris ; staminibus 13—22, glabris; floribus femineis solitariis pedunculatis,
sepe in ramulis junioribus racemose dispositis, 4—3-meris, globosis ; stanvinodiis 4, glabris ;
ovarvo 8- vel 6-loculari; fructibus globosis ; albumine ruminato.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vii. p. 231. n. 41 excl. var. 8 velutina (1844).
Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 178. n. 3 (1860).
Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. (Part vit.) p. 25. t. 121 (1871).
D. orixensis, Klein ex Willd. Sp. Pl. rv. p. 110 (1805), Alph. DC. lc. p. 230. n. 35, non
Wight.
Native names: Tella-gada of the Telingas; Nella-gada (Hb. Roxb.); Soodoo-Kadoombat-
reya-gass in Ceylon.
A pretty large tree; foliage turning black when dry; branches spreading at 60°—75°,
glabrous or the young shoots pubescent. Leaves alternate, oval, pointed or acuminate, thin,
usually somewhat narrowed at base; nearly or quite glabrous, 2—6 in. long by }—3 in. wide;
petioles 1—*, in. long, often puberulous; midrib and veins depressed on upper side, but not
conspicuous; lateral veins not very close.
g. Cymes axillary, several- or many-flowered, }—,% in. long (excluding the flowers),
more or less shortly-pubescent; ultimate pedicels short; flowers small, 7,—+ in. long, white
and fragrant when growing, 8—5-merous, usually 4-merous; calyx very short 2,—,% in. high
by 75 in. wide, 3—5-fid, pubescent or ciliate, glabrous inside; corolla obconic-subglobular,
lobed at apex, nearly glabrous; stamens 13—22, mostly in pairs and inserted at base of
corolla, glabrous (or rarely with a few short hairs); anthers about the length of the filaments,
dehiscing laterally from apex; ovary rudimentary, somewhat hairy at apex or glabrous,
2. Flowers solitary, on peduncles }—} in. long, larger than the g¢ , 3—4 usually 4-
merous; staminodes 4, glabrous, alternating with the corolla-lobes; ovary 6- or 8-celled,
glabrous or hairy at apex; cells l-ovuled; styles 3 or 4; fruit globose, glabrous or with a
few appressed hairs around apex, } in. or more in diameter; fruiting calyx spreading, accres-
cent, # in. in diameter. Seeds 2—8; albumen somewhat ruminated. Wood very hard, used
for fancy work.
Vou, XII. Parr I. 21
162 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
India, Circars, Roxburgh !; Concan, Law!; Bombay, Law /, 3000 ft. alt. Ceylon, Thwaites !
C. P. 2729, damp forests up to 4000 ft. alt.
8. Dziosprros Kurzu, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, ovato-ovalibus, mox glabratis, apice acuminatis, basi cuneatis, breviter
petiolatis, nitentibus, nervis lateralibus crebris tenuibus; floribus femineis sub-3-nis, breviter
cymosis, tetramers, urceolatis; staminodiis 4, glabris ; ovario 4-loculari, 4-ovulato, stylis 2,
basi connatis.
Young branches pubescent with short appressed silky fulyous or brown hairs; branches
at about 40°. Leaves ovate-oval, quickly glabrescent, alternate, dark, very dark and shining
above with crowded delicate lateral veins which are also in relief beneath where the leaf
is slightly paler, acuminate at apex, more or less narrowed at base, thinly coriaceous;
2131in. long by 1—12in. wide; petioles i1—1in. long; midrib depressed above.
@ Cymes axillary, }—}in. long (excluding flowers), about 3-flowered, with very short
pedicels, pubescent, and with small caducous bracts at base of calyx. Flowers jin. long.
Calyx jin. long, puberulous outside, glabrous inside, shortly 4-fid, bigger in young fruit.
Corolla 4-lobed at apex, with rounded lobes pubescent on both sides, urceolate ; staminodes
4, glabrous, alternating with corolla-lobes; ovary glabrous except apex, 4celled; cells
l-ovuled. Styles 2, straight, erect, slender, hairy, long, connate at base.
South Andaman, S. Kurz!
9, DIOSPYROS EHRETIOIDES, Wall. List, n. 4137 (1828—32).
D. foliis alternis, ellipticis, vix coriaceis, discoloribus ; floribus masculis c-nis, cymosis,
subglobosis ; staminibus 2229, glabris, ovarit rudimento hirsuto; floribus femineis solitariis,
breviter pedunculatis ; fructibus globosis, glabratis ; albwmine ruminato.
Alph. D.C. Prodr. vit p. 231. n. 42 (1844).
D. mollis, Wall. ex Steud. Nomencel. bot. edit. ii, 1 p. 514 (1840).
Young shoots and inflorescence ferruginous-pubescent ; branches spreading, alternate, terete.
Leaves elliptical, rounded or somewhat narrowed at base, rounded obtusely pointed or
apiculate at apex, alternate, thinly coriaceous or submembranous, glabrous except the veins,
ferruginous or reddish-brown beneath, greener or slaty-brown above, 3—9in. long by
215 in. wide; petioles }—}in. long.
g Cymes compound, trichotomous, 4 times the length of the petioles, patent, abundant
on the young shoots; bracts hooked at the apex; flowers {in. wide, pubescent, globose,
reflexed on very short pedicels. Calyx 4-fid, pubescent, with obtuse lobes. Corolla cam-
panulate, twice the length of the calyx, with ciliated much contorted lobes. Stamens
2229, glabrous, subequal, crowded on the receptacle, mostly distinct; filaments short.
Ovary rudimentary, represented by a few hairs.
9 Flowers solitary; peduncles }—,in. long, on the young shoots. Fruiting calyx with
recurved lobes, somewhat pubescent or nearly glabrate, about #in. broad (when expanded) ;
fruit glabrous, globular, 1}in. in diameter; albumen ruminated.
Tavoy and Moolmyne, Wallich!; Pegu, M*Zelland ! its i ) :
Ta Oo, Pouasmetitn local name Siti, Ds Brandis / Ce
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZE. 165
10. DrospyROS ROTUNDIFLORA, sp. nov.
D. foliis ovali-oblongis, alternis, apice acuminatis, bast rotundutis, tenwiter coriaceis, supra
nitentibus glabris, subtus subglabris, breviter petiolatis; jfloribus masculis paniculatis, sub-
globosis vel ovoideis, 4—3-meris, pubescentibus ; staminibus 14—16, biserialibus, glabris, ovario
rudimentario hirsuto.
Young parts and inflorescence subtomentose ; branches cinereous, terete. Leaves oval-
oblong, alternate, acuminate at apex, rounded at base, thinly coriaceous, of rich brown colour
when dry, shining and glabrous above with veins inconspicuous, nearly glabrous beneath,
3—7in. long by 1}—2}in. wide; petioles shortly pubescent, 1in. long; lateral veins
about 10 on each side the midrib.
g. Cymes axillary and lateral, many-flowered, less than lin. long; ultimate pedicels
very short or obsolete; bracts ovate, sometimes larger than the flowers; flowers subglobose
or ovoid, $—}in. in diameter, pubescent; calyx subhemispherical or widely campanulate,
4- occasionally 3-fid; lobes deltoid; corolla shortly 4—3-fid, lobes rounded; stamens 14
—16, biseriate, subequal, glabrous; ovary rudimentary, hairy.
Borneo, O. Beccart! n. 3567.
Near D. ehretioides, Wall.
11. Diospyros uirsuta, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 440 (1781).
D. foliis alternis, ellipticis oblongis vel ovatis, tenwiter coriaceis, breviter petiolutis, nervis
lateralibus sceepius inconspicuis; floribus masculis dense cymosis, oblongis, pubescentibus, 4—5-
meris; staminibus 5—16, subglabris; jfloribus femineis 1—6-nis; stanvinodiis 5—10; ovario
4—10-loculari, loculis 1-ovulatis; stylis 2—5, brevibus; fructibus globosis vel ellipsoideis,
tomentosis vel glabratis, calyce fructifero, stellato- vel depresso-cupuliformi ; seminibus oblongis,
albumine ruminato.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 223. n. 5 (1844), Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 181. n. 15 (1860),
Bedd. Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. (Part vu.) p. 28. t. 137 (1871), non Desf.
A tree of moderate size, dicmcious or occasionally moncecious; produces an ebony.
Buds inflorescence and in some cases the young branches and underside of leaves pubes-
cent. Leaves alternate, more or less elliptical oblong or ovate, thinly coriaceous, obtusely
or acutely acuminate at apex, narrowed or rounded at base, glabrous and shining above,
sometimes pubescent beneath, 2—12in. long by 1—4in. wide; petioles 1—2in. long; mid-
rib depressed on upper side; lateral veins usually inconspicuous beneath. Flowers subsessile,
axillary, 4—5-merous; bracts rounded, caducous. According to Dr Thwaites female flowers
are occasionally intermixed in the male cymes and in that case are much smaller than
when occurring alone.
$. Flowers 1—}in. long, oblong, in dense cymes. Calyx hairy on both sides, 4—5-
fid; lobes acute. Corolla tubular, at least double the length of the calyx, 4—5-fid, glabrous
inside. Stamens 5—16, glabrous or mainly so, when numerous often united by the filaments
in pairs. Ovary rudimentary, hairy.
21—2
164 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA.
?. Flowers 4in. long, thicker than in the ¢, 1—6 together. Margins of calyx-lobes
wavy and reflexed. Corolla-lobes reflexed, rounded, mucronate. Staminodes 5—10; barren
anthers, glabrous or with setose tips, filaments glabrous or hairy. Ovary ovoid, covered
with ferruginous or rufous hairs, 4—10-celled. Styles 2—5, short. Fruit globose or ellip-
soidal, pale-glabrate or rarely tomentose and ferruginous or rufous, }—1}in. long, 1—10-
seeded. Fruiting calyx stellate-flat or shallow-cupulifurm, }—1in. in diameter, 4—5-fid; lobes
with reflexed margins. Seeds oblong, usually compressed, transversely scored outside; al-
bumen ruminated.
The following forms seem to me difficult to separate from D. hirsuta, L. f., but the
combination of them all into a single species makes it a very variable and widely spread
one.
D. lucida, Wall. List, n. 4127 (1828—32), non Hort., Alph. DC. Prodr. van p. 283.
n. 52 (1844). = (%) D. nilagirica, Bedd. Icon. pl. Ind. Or. (Pt. vii.) p. 27. t. 136 (1871).
D. Candolleana, Wight, Icon. tt. 1221, 1222 (1850), non Thw.
D. Moonii, Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 182. n. 16 (1860), Bedd. Zc. p. 28. t. 138 (1871).
Perhaps a distinct species.
D. canarica, Bedd. Le. p. 27. t. 134. = D. oligandra, Bedd. Rep. Forests Madras 1867
—68 p. 25 (1868) name only.
D. Thwaitesti, Bedd. lc. p. 27. t. 135. =D. Candolleana, Thw. lc. p, 181. n. 14, non
Wight.
The following key serves to contrast the typical characters of these forms, but inter-
mediate states exist.
Ovary (6-) 8—10-celled; filaments of stamens often hairy.
Ovary usually 10-celled. Stamens 5.
Leaves elliptical, narrowed at base. hirsuta proper.
Leaves oblong, wide near base. Moon.
Ovary 8-celled. Stamens 16. nilagirica.
Ovary 4-celled; filaments of stamens 10—12, glabrous.
Staminodes 4—5.
Staminodes quite glabrous. Fruit pale, glabrate. Candolleana.
Staminodes setose at tip. Fruit rufous-hairy, at length glabrate. Thwaitesii.
Staminodes 8—10, glabrous. canarica.
Hirsuta proper. Ceylon, Thwaites/ 382.
Moonii. Ceylon, Thwaites! 2833; Moon!; Walker!; (?) Tennaserim and Andaman,
Hb. Helfer! 3632.
Nilagirica. Sispara ghat, Nilgiris, India, Major Beddome ; (lucida) Singapore, Wallich !
4127; Malacca, Maingay! 970, 973; Griffith! 3637.
Candolleana. Courtallum and Quilon, Wight! 1715, Canara, Mangalor, Wight! 1728;
Hohenacker! 591 (Native name Karmarn); Concan, Dr Gibson! 128; Goa, Dalzell/;
Moollis, Dr Ritchie! 96, 3 (tree 24 ft. high); Phoondu Ghaut, Dr Ritchie! 96/2 (tree
36 ft.); Ram Ghaut, Dr Ritchie’ 96 (Native name Kalevin).
Thwaitesti. Ceylon, Local name Homedereya-gass, Thwaites! 3394.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 165
Canarica. S. Canara, Major Beddome! “yields an ebony,” native name Kara mara.
A specimen from Malacca (Maingay! 969), with less dense cymes and 14 stamens with
somewhat pilose anthers, may belong to this species.
I cannot discover any authentic and satisfactory specimen of D. hirsuta, Linn. fil.;
there is not a specimen so named by the younger Linnzus in the elder Linneus’ herbarium,
and one in Sir J. E. Smith’s herbarium sent from Ceylon by Burmann and labelled “ Diospyros
hirsuta, H.L. fil.” is not a Diospyros nor even a member of the family.
12. Drospyros MESPILIFORMIS, Hochst. in Pl. Schimp. Abyss. Exsice. sect. ii.
mn. 655, 1243 (1842).
D. foliis ellipticis vel oblongis, alternis, tenuiter coriaceis, glabrescentibus vel leviter pu-
bescentibus, breviter petiolutis, nervis inconspicuis; floribus masculis axillaribus, 5—4-meris,
Serrugineo-tomentosis, breviter cymosis, urceolato-oblongis, staminibus 10—16, subglabris; flori-
bus femineis 1—3-nis, axillaribus, 5—4- rarius 3-meris, staminodiis 6—8, uniserialibus, glabris,
ovario ovoideo vel conico, sericeo, 4- vel 8-loculari, loculis 1-ovulatis; fructibus subglobosis,
glabratis, edulibus, calyce fructifero margine undulato; albumine ruminato.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vii. p. 672 (1844).
D. senegalensis, Perrott. ex Alph. DC. l.c. p. 234. n. 59.
D. bicolor, Klotzsch in Peters Mossamb. I. p. 184 (1862).
A shrub or tree from 6 to 40 feet high or more. Wood much thought of by the
natives, white, compact, and useful for many purposes, or black in the centre like ebony.
Branches terete, brown-cinereous, glabrescent, more or less patent; the young shoots and
inflorescence ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves alternate, oblong or elliptical, somewhat narrowed
or rounded at either end, thinly coriaceous (the younger ones very softly membranous)
glabrescent and shining, or with scattered appressed pubescence beneath, often rubescent,
especially on the midrib beneath, 2—6 in. long by 3—2}in. wide; petiole 1—4 in. long;
midrib depressed above, lateral and net-veins delicate; margins just recurved, ‘Flowers
white, dicecious.
é. Inflorescence axillary, cymose, bearing few to many flowers, {—3 in. long exclusive
of the flowers. Flowers ferruginous-tomentose, about 4 in. long, pentamerous, occasionally
tetramerous; bracteoles lanceolate. Calyx about jin. long, 5- occasionally 4-fid, campanu-
late or campanulate-oblong, hairy on both sides; lobes ovate or lanceolate, Corolla in
general shortly 5-fid, urceolate-oblong, twice the length of the calyx or more, sericeous out-
side, glabrous inside; lobes spreading, pointed. Stamens 10—16, often in pairs, nearly
glabrous but with a narrow band of light-coloured hairs on the back of the anthers, in-
serted at the base of the corolla; filaments short; connective produced at apex; pollen
widely ellipsoidal, smooth. Ovary rudimentary, hairy, or 0.
?. Flowers pentamerous or tetramerous or rarely trimerous, solitary or in very short
1—3-flowered axillary cymes; peduncles }—# in. long; bracts narrow, caducous, Calyx hairy
on both sides, campanulate, deeply lobed; lobes ovate acuminate with undulated margins,
166 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Corolla pubescent outside, glabrous inside, exceeding the calyx, shortly lobed, lobes pointed.
Staminodes 6—8, in one row, inserted at base of the corolla, glabrous. Ovary ovoid or
conical, sericeous, terminated by 2 short hirsute bilobed styles, 4- or 8-celled and -ovuled.
Fruit glabrate subglobose, 3—1 in. in diameter, edible, often slightly wrinkled, 4—5-seeded.
Fruiting calyx somewhat or but little increased, with undulated margins, appressed to fruit
or spreading. Seeds shining, }—3 in. long; albumen cartilaginous, somewhat ruminated ;
embryo straight; cotyledons linear-lanceolate; radicle shorter than the cotyledons.
Difficult to distinguish by technical characters from the Indian species Diospyros hirsuta,
Linn. fil, of which it may be taken as the African representative; its forms also are
subject to considerable variation.
Tropical Africa. Abyssinia; native name Ajé or Ajejeh, near Docheladscheranne, Schimper /
sect. ii. nn. 655, 1243, in & flower, June; Petit in Hb. Franq. iv. Coll. n. 434, in fruit; Schimper
(1862)! n. 155, September, 4400 ft. alt.; Nubia, Fayohel, Kotschy! n. 470, in fruit; Dr Martin St
Ange! in young fruit; Tinné Expedition, nn. 170, 394, fruit in flavour like that of Theobroma
Cacao; Benischangul, Cienkowski, n. 966; Gallabat, Matamma, Schweinfurth! n. 973, 974; Mo-
zambique, between Tette and the sea coast, Dr Kirk! in fruit ; near Lupata, Dr Kirk! in fruit,
January; native names, Sechuana dialect, Makudima; Tette dialect, Kasinjamtolmera ; 50 miles
above Tette, Kawrabassa; Sena, Dr Peters!; Niger, Barter! 1208, 1334; Senegambia, Le-
prieur !, Whitfield !, Lelierre!, Perrottet!, Dr Daniell! (“ Monkey Guava”); Livingstone Expe-
dition, (“ Mocheka”) Dr Kirk!; Angola, Distr. Golungo Alto, Dr Welwitsch! 2529, frequent,
“ Musolveira ;’ Benguela, in woods from Serra da Xella towards Mumpulla, Dr Welwitsch!
2530; Congo, in rocky and sandy woods near Ambriz, Dr Welwitsch! 2528; Cape Coast,
Brass !
13. Diospyros BURMANICA, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Vol. xu. Pt. u. p. 73.
n. 96 (1871).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, apice obtusis vel brevissime acuminatis, basi rotundis vel sub-
cuneatis, breviter petiolatis, tenuiter cortaceis, junioribus supra tomento tenui fugact adspersis
subtus appresse tomentosis; floribus masculis 4—6-meris, breviter cymosis, tomentosis, wreeolato-
oblongis, staminibus sepius 8, rarius 14—16, glabris; floribus femineis solitartis, fructibus
globosis, glabris, nitentibus, vulgo 4-spernuis, albumine seminum pulcherrime ruminato, calyce
Sructifero margine undulato.
A small tree with young parts appressedly fulvo-pubescent. Branches cinereous. Leaves
alternate, oval, obtuse or slightly acuminate at apex, rounded or wedge-shaped at base,
thinly coriaceous, covered when young especially beneath with appressed pubescence, at
length more or less glabrate, 1—6 in. long by 1—2in wide; veins not prominent; petioles
3—t in. long.
&é- Flowers cream-coloured, urceolate-oblong, 4—6- usually 5-merous, 4—}in. long,
fulyo-tomentose, in short 3—5-flowered axillary eymes, on young branches. Calyx 4—}in.
long, hemispherical, tomentose on both sides, shortly 4—6-fid; lobes deltoid or cordate-ovate.
Corolla shortly 4—5-lobed, glabrous inside; lobes rounded, reflexed. Stamens glabrous,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. : 167
usually 8, occasionally 14—16, hypogynous or inserted at base of corolla, about Lin. long ;
anthers linear, acute, longer than the filaments. Ovary rudimentary, fulvo-pubescent.
?. Flowers solitary, pentamerous. Fruit globose, shining, 1—l1} in. in diameter, commonly
4-seeded. Seeds about jin. long, reticularly wrinkled outside, shining; albumen grey, beau-
tifully ruminated. Fruiting calyx about in. in diameter, at base of fruit, tomentose; margins
undulated.
Burma, in sandy and hilly woods, 3rd Kioudweng, 13 May, 1837, Griffith! 3638 [see
Journal of Travels, p. 104 (1847)]; Pegu, Zeebenthlah, October, 1861, Dr Brandis! 952
(vernacular name ZYayben) ; M*Lelland!; Kurz! 3010.
Authentic specimens of this species seen during the printing of this paper prove that it
embraces the specimens of Griffith and M*Lelland, which I had previously named D. octandra
and so printed on pages 33 and 41.
14. DI0spyROS LATERALIS, sp. nov.
D. ramis teretibus cinereis glabris, gemmis et inflorescentid ferrugineo-pubescentibus ;
foliis alternis, ovalibus, apice acuminatis, bast angustatis, tenwiter coriaceis vel submembra-
naceis, glabris, petiolatis, nervis tenuibus manifestis ; floribus masculis tubulosis breviter cymosis ;
cymis lateralibus secus ramos et aillaribus, 3—9-floris; calyce oblongo apice 5—6-lobo,
corolla tubulosd plerumque 5-fidd, staminibus 10—14, inaequalibus, fere glabris, antheris apiee
minute setulosis, filamentis glabris ; ovario hirsuto rudimentario.
Buds and inflorescence ferruginous-pubescent ; branches terete, glabrate, cinereous. Leaves
oval, alternate, narrowly acuminate, cuneate at base, glabrous, submembranous or thinly
coriaceous, 2—4tin. long by 1—2}in. wide; lateral veins slender, manifest, about 6 on
each side the midrib, margins slightly recurved; petioles 3—2in. long, glabrous.
3. Cymes lateral on the older branches and axillary on the younger ones, 1—tin.
long, 3—9-flowered ; flowers tubular; calyx oblong, ;%; in. long, 5—6-lobed at apex, glabrous
inside, lobes somewhat spreading, often unequal; corolla tubular, exceeding the calyx, usually
5-fid, lobes obtuse; stamens 10—14, very nearly glabrous, unequal, anthers minutely se-
tulose at apex, filaments glabrous; ovary rudimentary, hairy.
Borneo, O. Beccari! n. 1600.
15. Di1ospyROS VERRUCOSA, sp. noy.
D. fructicosa, foliis ovato-oblongis, alternis, apice angustatis, obtusis, mucronulatis, basi
rotundatis, tenuiter coriaceis, supra subglabris, subtus appresse pubescentibus ; fructibus soli-
tariis, pedunculatis, subtetragono-ellipsoideis vel -globosis, verrucosis, pubescentibus, 4-locularibus,
4-spermis ; pedunculis robustis, patentibus ; calyce fructifero parvo, patente, 4-lobo, pubescente ;
seminibus oblongis, sulcatis, albumine ruminato.
A shrub; branches numerous, at length glabrescent, terete; young shoots densely and
168 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
shortly pubescent, subferruginous. Leaves ovate-oblong, alternate, thinly coriaceous, some-
what narrowed and mucronulate at apex, rounded at base, nearly glabrous above except that the
depressed midrib is sometimes puberulous, paler with soft appressed pubescence beneath
and rufous-pubescent on the raised midrib and lateral veins; 1}—3}im. long by $—Il#in.
wide, including petiole ~,—1 in. long, rufous, densely puberulous; lateral ves about 6 on
each side the midrib.
@. Flowers solitary, on distinct densely puberulous rather slender peduncles, axillary ;
bracts small, rufous-hairy, caducous, near base of peduncle ; fruiting peduncles stout, thickened
upwards with wide articulation at apex, nearly }in. across, puberulous or subglabrate, 3—3 in.
long, patent; fruiting calyx subtomentose-pubescent on both sides, spreading, 4-fid, }in.
across; with depresso-deltoid lobes slightly recurved at apex. Fruit oblong or globose,
pulpy, roundedly 4-sided, verrucose, at length smoother with pale ferruginous short pubes-
cence between the raised warty prominences, obtusely umbonate at apex, 1—1}in. long by
5—lin. across from one side to the opposite side, 4-celled; cells 1-seeded; seeds 3—3in,
long, enclosed in a thin chartaceous envelope, transverse section a quadrant of a circle
of radius 3,in., shewing several intrusions of the testa into the albumen corresponding
with depressed lines on the exterior of the seed; embryo nearly straight, nearly the length
of the seed; radicle superior, much shorter than the compressed 1—3-nerved cotyledons.
In one case the calyx is triangular and flat. The pulp of the fruit is eaten.
E. Africa, Prov. Zanguebar, Dr Kirk /; Zambesia, Rovuma R., 20 miles above the mouth.
Dr Kirk!, August 1862.
16. Diospyros KORTHALSIANA.
D. glabra, foliis alternis ellipticis, apice obtuse acuminatis, bast cuneatis, coriaceis, costis
tnconspicuis ; fructibus solitariis, axillaribus, pedunculatis, glabris, apice cum stylorum reliquiis
appresse ferrugineo-hirsutis, ellipsoideis, 8-locularibus, 8-spermis ; seminibus oblongis, albumine
ruminato.
Diospyros macrocarpa, Korthals MSS. in Hb. Lugd. Batav. Ebenacee No. 2, non mihi.
Glabrous; branches (in dry state) drab. Leaves elliptical, cuneate at base, obtusely
acuminate at apex, alternate, coriaceous, 2—4in. long (besides petiole }—in. long) by
j{—1l} in. wide, palish brown (in dry state) on both sides, shining above, midrib depressed
above; veins inconspicuous.
Fruit solitary, on axillary peduncles which are Zin. long, suberect, thickened upwards
and thicker than the extension of the young branches from which they grow; fruit ellip-
soidal, glabrous except at apex, dark and shining, about Iin. across, by scarcely 2in. (?)
long, S-celled, 8-seeded, tipped by appressedly ferruginous-hairy remains of style. Pericarp
in the dry state j;in. long; seeds fin. long by }in. wide and Jin. thick in the dry
state, pendulous from inner side; albumen somewhat ruminated.
Fruiting calyx nearly glabrate outside, appressedly hairy and smooth inside, very erass,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE, 169
shallowly cup-shaped, lin. across, 4-cornered and shortly 4-lobed; about }in. high; tube
with elevated rim; lobes much thinner, reflexed; verrucose-rugose outside,
Borneo, Korthals /
17. Dtospyros AFFINIS, Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 179. n. 6 (1860).
D, foliis alternis, ovalibus vel oblongis, apice obtusissimis, basi angustatis vel subrotundis,
tenuiter coriaceis, glabris, petiolatis ; floribus masculis 3—T-nis, cymosis, pubescentibus, 4-meris,
calyce apice lobato, corollé urceolato-oblongd ; staminibus 6—16 glabris vel leviter hirsutis ;
Jloribus femineis solitariis, pedunculatis; staminodiis 6—8, glabris, ovario 6 (?) -loculari ;
calyce inter lobos marsupto-dilatato, lobis acuminatis; albumine ruminato.
Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. (Part viz.) p. 26 t. 127 (1871).
A moderate-sized tree; buds ferruginous hairy; branches quickly glabrescent. Leaves
oval or oblong, alternate, quite obtusely narrowed at apex, narrowed at base, thinly coria-
ceous, glabrous or puberulous below, 14—4$in. long by 3—Itin. wide; petioles 1—2in,
long; midrib canaliculate above, net-veins numerous, raised on both sides.
g. Flowers tin. long, cymose, 83—7 together; cymes }—?in. long excluding the flowers ;
ultimate pedicels short, not exceeding jin. long. Calyx semi-ellipsoidal, with short hairs
on both sides, 4-toothed at apex, in. long. Corolla shortly salver-shaped, tawny-hairy
outside; tube inflated below, constricted at top; lobes 4, spreading, oval, somewhat pointed
at apex, about 1} the length of the tube. Stamens 6—16, usually about 9 and some or
all in pairs, short, usually hypogynous and unequal; filaments glabrous, shorter than the
anthers which are glabrous or somewhat hairy. Ovary rudimentary, represented by a bunch
of hairs.
?. Flowers solitary, 4in. long and wide; peduncles axillary, }—,%,in. long, equalling
or rather shorter than the flower, puberulous. Calyx in. long, hairy inside, subglabrate
outside, 4-fid, plicate; lobes acuminate with very wide sinuses; somewhat enlarged in fruit.
Corolla shortly 4-fid with 6—8 glabrous staminodes at base inside. Ovary 6-celled (4-celled ?,
conical), hairy; styles 2, bifid at apex. Fruit globular, apiculate, usually 4-seeded, 1 in.
long, finally glabrous; seeds }in. long or more by 4in. wide, with ruminated albumen,
Ceylon, Thwaites! C.P. 2924,
18. DIospyROS CRUMENATA, Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 179. n. 5 (1860).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus vel oblongis, obtuse et breviter acuminatis, coriaceis, glabris,
petiolatis; floribus masculis breviter cymosis, 3—5-nis, tetrameris, pubescentibus, staminibus
circiter 12, glabris; floribus femineis solitariis, breviter pedunculatis, tetrameris, calyce inter
lobos marsupio-dilatato, staminodiis 8, glabris; ovario 8-loculari, hirsuto; fructibus subglobosis
glabrescentibus, albumine ruminato.
Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. (Part vit.) p. 26. t. 126 (1871).
A large tree; branches glabrous. Leaves oval or oblong, alternate, obtusely shortly
Vou. XII. Parr I. 22
170 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
and abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded or narrowed at base, coriaceous, glabrous, with
midrib channelled above and net-veins numerous and raised on both sides, 2—5in. long by
1—2in. wide; petioles 4—1in. long, canaliculate above.
g. Cymes 3—5-flowered, near together, about }in. long, hairy. Calyx obscurely 4-dentate,
glabrous inside, 1—}in. long. Corolla 3,in. long, shortly 4lobed ; lobes recurved. Stamens
about 12, glabrous, hypogynous.
©. Flowers solitary, rather more than }in. long; peduncles hairy, fin. long, thickened
upwards. Calyx }in. high by %in. wide, shallowly 4-lobed, plainly plicate, coriaceous,
puberulous outside, hairy inside; lobes obtuse or apiculate and rounded; between the lobes
marsupio-dilated. Corolla slightly exceeding the calyx ferruginous-tomentose, shortly 4-lobed ;
lobes with undulated margins and tomentose on both sides. Staminodes 8, in one row,
glabrous, inserted at base of interior of corolla-tube. Ovary 8-celled, hairy. Fruit subglobose,
6—S8-seeded, 1}—2in. in diameter, at length glabrous, resting at base on tetragonal thickened
spreading calyx, 1}in. in diameter; seeds black, shining, 1in. long, }in. wide, with ruminated
albumen.
Ceylon, 2000—4000 ft. alt. Thwaites! C.P. 2438.
19. DrospyRos FRUTESCENS, Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 668 excel. var. (1825).
D. foliis alternis, ellipticis, apice acuminatis, basi angustatis, firmiter submembranaceis,
glabris, nitentibus; floribus femineis azxillaribus vel lateralibus, tetrameris, c-nis; calycis
lobis margine revolutis; corolld suburceolatd, 4-fidd ; staminodws 8, wqualibus, uniserialibus ;
ovario hispido ; fructibus globosis, subglabris, succulentis.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 230. n. 38 excl. var. (1844), non Hassk. Plant. Javan. rar.
p. 467 (1848).
Young shoots puberulous; branches dark, terete, smooth. Leaves alternate, elliptical,
firmly submembranous, somewhat narrowed at base, acuminate at apex, glabrous and shining,
24—5in. long by 14—21in. wide, petioles 4—}in. long; veins inconspicuous above; midrib
depressed above; margins neatly recurved.
?. Cymes axillary or lateral, fasciculate, many-flowered, 3—j}in. long (excluding the
flowers), shortly pubescent, ferruginous (or fuliginous); common peduncle obsolete; pedicels
4—1in. long; bracts ovate acuminate, near base of pedicels. Flowers about iin. long;
calyx about din. long, puberulous outside, deeply 4-lobed; lobes with sides reflexed from
a longitudinal internal edge; corolla glabrous except 4 longitudinal puberulous lines outside,
4-fid, suburceolate; tube jin. long and thick, lobes gin. long spreading, ovate, subciliate
and pointed at apex by inflexion of sides near apex, contorted in estivation; staminodes
8, equal, inserted in one row near base of corolla, 2in. long, appearing at mouth of corolla-
tube, filaments longer than the barren anthers, hairy near top; ovary globose below, ovoid
above, terminated by 2 hairy styles, ferrugineo- or (nigro-) hispid, 4- (10-) celled, 4- (10-)
ovuled; stigmas emarginate. Fruit globose, subglabrate, 1}in. in diameter, succulent; (seed
searcely lin. long by in. wide, transversely suleate outside; albumen ruminated). Fruiting
‘
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE, Wt
calyx $in. across, spreading, puberulous outside, with raised 4-sided thickened stellate border
inside; lobes wide, short, undulated.
Java, Blume/, Horsfield drawings n, 128 (part) in Hb. Kew.
20. DiI0spyROS DENSIFLORA, Wall. List, n. 4140 (1828—82).
D. foliis alternis, anguste ovalibus, utrinque obtusis, interdum subacutis, glabris, coriaceis,
supra nitidis venis inconspicuis, petiolatis; floribus cymosis, tetrameris, pubescentibus, calyce
profunde lobato, lobis margine reflexis, corolla tubulosd, staminibus 15—16, antheris glabris,
filamentis brevissimis hirsutis; fructibus globosis, ferrugineo-pilosis, calyce fructifero plicato,
seminibus oblongis, transverse notatis, albumine ruminato (2).
Alph. DC. Prod. vu. p. 233. n. 56. (1844).
Branches glabrous terete. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, oval-oblong, glabrous, obtuse or
obtusely acuminate at apex, slightly narrowed at base, 4—S8in. long by 14—32in. wide;
petioles about tin. long, glabrous, strong, wrinkled; midrib depressed and lateral veins
slightly raised on upper face.
6. Cymes panicled, about lin. long, hairy, many-flowered with hairy bracts and short
pedicels; flowers about }in. long, tetramerous; calyx }in. long, hairy on both sides, 4-
partite, lobes ovate with reflexed sides; corolla cylindrical, hairy outside, glabrous inside,
4 times the length of the calyx; stamens 15—16, anthers glabrous, on very short hairy
filaments; ovary rudimentary, hairy.
?. Cymes 2in. long, puberulous, about 12-flowered, trichotomous ; pedicels longer than
the peduncle; bracts lanceolate, at base of pedicels; flowers lin. long. Fruit globose, 3—4 in.
long, ferruginous-pilose; seeds oblong, transversely scored, albumen ruminated (?). Fruiting
calyx 4-partite, ? the length of the fruit, puberulous, lobes much widened at base with
auricled imbricated bases forming 4 dependent processes, plicate; pedicels 1—}in. long.
Moolmyne and Amherst, Wallich/; Martaban, Burma, below 500 feet alt., a small tree,
Dr Brandis!
21. Diospyros oocaRpA, Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 180. n. 9 (1860).
D. foliis alternis, glabris, ovatis vel ovalibus, apice obtuse acuminatis, basi rotandatis
vel parum angustatis, tenwiter coriaceis, nervis inconspicuis; floribus masculis, 3—7-nis, bre-
vissime cymosis, 3—4-meris, calyce subintegro, vel dentato, corolle prefloratione irregulart,
staminibus 9—12, glabris; jfloribus femineis 1—3-nis, subsessilibus; ovario 6—8-locularz ;
fructibus subglobosis vel oblongis, puberulis vel glabratis, rugoso-areolatis, albumine non rumi-
nato; calyce fructifero vix aucto.
D. Arnottiana, Mig. (in Pl. Ind. Or. Hohenacker, n. 562!) ex Thw. lc. p. 423 (1864).
Ceylon name Kaloo-kadoombaireya-gass.
A moderate-sized tree; young shoots pubescent or puberulous, quickly glabrescent.
Leaves alternate, glabrous, ovate or oval, obtusely acuminate at apex, more or less rounded
22—2
172 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
towards base, inconspicuously veined with midrib canaliculate above, thinly coriaceous 2—44 in.
long by 1—2in. wide; petioles $—3 in. long.
8. Flowers 3—7 together, arranged in dense axillary fulvous-silky cymes equalling
or falling short of the petioles, with very short pedicels and rounded concave bracts. Calyx
Zin. long, tubular, subentire or 3—4 dentate (or even 3—4-fid), glabrous inside. Corolla
#,in. long, 3—4-fid, with obtuse lobes, one of which is completely enclosed by the others
in bud, the other lobes imbricating sometimes dextrorsely and at other times sinistrorsely.
Stamens 9—12, alternately in pairs and single, glabrous, inserted at the base of corolla-
tube or some hypogynous; the outer ones of the pairs the longer; anthers shorter than
the longer filaments (at least in bud); ovary rudimentary, hairy.
. Flowers 1—8 together, scarcely longer than the male; ovary 6—8-celled. Fruit
egg-shaped when ripe, cylindrical when young, scattered with short appressed ferruginous
hairs, glabrescent, I4in. long by 2in. thick when ripe, rugoso- or sub-verrucose, resting at
base on scarcely increased calyx, solitary, 2-or more-celled, “usually 6-seeded.” Seeds with
albumen not ruminated.
Ceylon, Thwaites/ C.P. 1914; Concan, Dalzell! ; Bababoodun Hills, Mysore, Mr Law /
22, Drtospyros TRUNCATA, Zoll. et Mor. in Moritzi, Systemat. Verzeichn. Javan.
Pfinzn. p. 43. n. 1156 (1846).
D. foliis alternis, ovali-oblongis, apice obtuse acuminatis, bast cuneatis, glabris, tenuiter
coriaceis, breviter petiolatis, marginibus revolutis; floribus masculis 2—8-nis in alis sub-
sessilibus vel brevissime cymosis, glabris; calyce tubuloso subintegro, corolle lobis acuminatis,
staminibus 11—14, glabris; floribus femineis 1—2-nis, brevissime pedunculatis, tetrameris ;
calycis lobis latissimis retusis reflexis; corolle lobis acutis, patentibus; staminodiis 8—10;
stylis 4; fructibus 8-locularibus, glabris.
D. laxa, Teijsmann et Binnendijk, Pl n. h. Bogor, in Kruidk. Arch. m1. p. 406 (1855).
D. melanoxylon, Blume! Bijdr. FJ. Ned. Ind. p. 669 (1825), non Roxb.
A tree with terminal buds slightly hairy; branches glabrous, terete, lax, widely spreading
and forming a beautiful crown or top. Leaves oval-oblong, obtusely acuminate at apex,
attenuate or narrowed at base, thinly coriaceous, with margins more or less reflexed, midrib
depressed above, and delicate not contiguous lateral veins inconspicuously raised on both
sides; of a yellowish green colour, alternate, glabrous, 3—6 in. long by 1—2 in. wide; petioles
i4—} in. long.
3. Flowers 2—4—8 together on very short axillary somewhat pubescent cymes, glabrous,
yellowish green, slender, 5 in. long; bracts small, pubescent; pedicels very short. Calyx
tubular, somewhat inflated in middle, 4-toothed at apex, Jj in. long by iin. thick; corolla
tubular, narrowly conical in bud, 4-fid (2), with acuminate lobes; stamens 11—12—14, glabrous,
at base of corolla or on disk; filaments short; ovary obsolete.
?. Flowers 1—2 together, }—} in. long, on peduncles about 54; in. long, axillary, as
long as the petioles. Bracts caducous. Calyx glabrous with 4 very wide retuse reflexed
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 173
(short?) lobes; corolla twice the length of the calyx, 4-fid, with acute, patent, pale-yellow,
lobes white at the base; staminodes 8—10; styles 4 connate at the base. Fruit glabrous,
8-celled, 4 in. thick, globose, shining; fruiting calyx forming a shallow 4-cornered cup for
base of fruit, with 4 reflexed undulate-plicate retuse lobes; 4—# in. in diameter.
According to Moritzi this tree resembles D. Ebenwm, Linn. fil, and has even in the
young twigs indications of black wood which becomes quite black in the older branches.
The male flowers open in March.
In woods, Java. De Vriese! 6 fl.; Zollinger! n. 1156; Dr Horssield! Ebenacez, n, 4,
in fruit; Binnendyk! $ f1.; Hasskarl! ; Blume!
23. DiIosPYROS HALESIOIDES, Grisebach Cat. Pl. Cubensium, p. 168. n. 2 (1866).
D. foliis alternis, obovato-ovalibus, apice acutatis, basi obtuse cuneatis, subcoriaceis, pellu-
cido-punctatis, subtus fulvo-velutinis, robusté venosis, supra pubescentibus ; floribus masculis in
eymis brevissimis axillaribus dispositis, 1—3-nis, velutinis, calyce breviter 4-fido campanulato,
corolldé urceolato-oblongd, breviter 4-fidd, lobis ovatis acuminatis, staminibus 12, glabris ; fruc-
tabus solitariis, subsessilibus, depresso-globosis, ferrugineo-sericeis, 8-locularibus ; calyce fructi-
fero ampliato, lobis erecto-patentibus.
Terminal buds ferruginous-hairy; young shoots pubescent at apex, glabrescent shining
and terete below. Leaves alternate, somewhat obovate, acute and apiculate at apex, cuneate
to an obtuse base, subcoriaceous, fulvo-velutinous and conspicuously rich-veined beneath,
darker nearly glabrescent and nitescent above, except veins; midrib depressed above;
1—2} in. long by 3—1} in. wide, pellucid-punctate; petioles »—,, in. long, ferruginous-
pubescent; bracts ovate, small, fulvo-pubescent.
é. Flowers 3 in. long, in (1—) 3-flowered sessile or subsessile fulvous-hairy short cymes,
on short pedicels; calyx campanulate, fulvo-velutinous, unequally 4-lobed, 1—4 in. long; lobes
deltoid, acute, less than half the length of the tube, unequal. Corolla hairy outside, glabrous
inside, campanulate-oblong, 3—} in. long, 4-fid; lobes ovate-lanceolate. Stamens (11—) 12,
glabrous, unequal, 8 in 2 rows opposite lobes of corolla, the inner 4 of which are on shorter
filaments than the outer 4 and inserted above them (or united with them in 4 pairs) and
4 alternate with the corolla-lobes, and inserted on corolla near its base; filaments slender ;
ovary rudimentary, fulvous-hairy.
é- Flowers unknown. Fruit solitary, sessile, depresso-globose, 1 in. thick by ? in. high,
ferruginous-silky, 8-celled; fruiting calyx accrescent, deeply 4-fid, somewhat spreading, 12 in,
across the top; lobes 4-ellipsoidal, with margins somewhat recurved ; albumen not ruminated,
Eastern Cuba, Wright/ 2936 @ f1., 2937 in fruit.
24, DIOSPYROS BORNEENSIS, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, oblongis, apice breviter acuminatis, basi angustatis, subglabris, tenuiter
coriaceis, breviter petiolatis; floribus femineis secus ramos vetustos glomeratis, pedunculatis,
pubescentibus, calyce tubuloso subintegro, corollé 5-fidd, lobis ovalibus reflexis obtusis; stami-
nodiis 10, uniserialibus, glabris, basi corolle insertis; stylo 4-lobo; ovario conico, Serrugineo-
tomentoso, 8-loculari, loculis 1-ovulatis ; fructibus magnis, globosis, tomentosis.
174 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
A tree; wood yellow, tough and stringy with black streaks. Terminal buds ferruginous-
tomentose; young shoots puberulous; branches dark, glabrescent, terete. Leaves oblong,
alternate, thinly coriaceous, shortly acuminate at apex, somewhat narrowed at base, puberu-
lous when young, glabrescent, 5—64 in. long by 14—2 in. wide, including petiole {—} in.
long; canaliculate on upper side, midrib depressed above, lateral veins about 12 on each
side, distinct on under side, indistinct above, forming (by anastomosing) a marginal vein
clearly marked beneath; tertiary veins oblique.
Q. Flowers clustered, greenish white, large, on distinct fulvo-tomentose peduncles ;3—? in.
long inserted on tubercles on older branches. Bracts small, obtuse, j;—y5 in. long, at base
of peduncles. Calyx about 2 in. long by } in. thick, finely fulvo-tomentose outside, appress-
edly silky inside, tubular, irregularly and shallowly toothed at apex. Corolla about 8 in.
long when straightened, nearly glabrous but with ciliate margins to the lobes, 5-fid; lobes
oval, imbricated, reflexed. Staminodes 10, glabrous, in one row, inserted at base of corolla.
Style 4-lobed; ovary conical, ferruginous-tomentose, 8-celled; cells 1-ovuled; dissepiments thin.
Fruit large, with a sweet black pulp, globose, fulvo-tomentose, crowned with short style,
surrounded half-way up by burst calyx.
Native name malam kuning. Tamgong Vinbong, Labuan, rather uncommon, Mr Motley / 7.
25.
Or
DIOSPYROS BATOCANA, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, utrinque rotundatis, coriacers, glabris, supra nitentibus, subtus
pallidis albidis, margine refleco, nervis tenuibus, petiolis rugosis ; floribus masculis sessilibus
glomeratis secus ramos annotinos in nodulis dispositis, pentameris, fuligineo-hispidis; calyce
apice lobato, corollé crassd, ovoided ; staminibus circiter 12, glabris, inequalibus, ovartt rudi-
mento hispido.
A large bush, quite or nearly glabrous except the buds and inflorescence; branches
nigro-cinereous, spreading at about 45°. Leaves alternate, oblong-elliptical, shiming above,
whitish beneath, firmly coriaceous, glabrous or with a few minute black setz beneath, more
or less rounded at both ends, with reflexed margins and veins in delicate relief on both
sides, 2—2} in. long by 3—1 in. wide; petioles 3—} im. long, thick, angular, obliquely and
in other directions wrinkled, often twisted or recurved.
&. Inflorescence arranged on nodules, covered with fuliginous and ferruginous hispid
hairs, on the branches of previous season; flowers sessile, several together, clustered ; bracts
at base of calyx; calyx fuliginous and ferruginous-hispid on both sides, 5-lobed at apex;
corolla fuliginous-hispid outside, 5-fid, pale and glabrous inside, crass, ovoid; lobes imbri-
cated sinistrorsely, obtuse; stamens 12—16 (?), glabrous, unequal, on short filaments; ovary
wanting, represented by ferruginous hairs.
Tropical Africa, Setoka, “Mikumbo,” Batoka country, Dr Kirk/, fruit eaten, ¢ fl. July.
26. Diosprros qu&siTA, Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 179. n. 7 (1860).
D. foliis alternis, ellipticis vel oblongis, apice breviter et abrupte acuminatis, obtusis, bast
parum angustatis, glabris, coriaceis, petiolatis, nervis reticulatis gracilibus; floribus masculis
3—9-nis, breviter cymosis, 4—-5-meris, hirsutis, calyce tubuloso apice dentato; staminibus 16,
Mrz HIERN, ON EBENACEA. 175
glabris, ovarii rudimento hirsuto; floribus femineis solitariis, pedunculatis, pentameris, calyce
winter lobos marsupio-dilatato, lobis acutiusculis; fructibus subglobosis, externe rugosis, subgla-
bris, seminibus compressis, albumine non ruminato.
Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. (Pt. vu.) p. 26. t. 128 (1871).
A large tree, nearly glabrous except the buds and flowers; branches terete, dark, spreading
at about 40°. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, elliptical or oblong, abruptly and shortly acumi-
nate, somewhat narrowed at base, glabrous except a few scattered weak appressed hairs
beneath ; 3—7 in. long by 13—3 in. wide, turning fuscous in drying, with petioles canalicu-
late and about } in. long, midrib depressed on the upper surface, lateral veins numerous, not
conspicuous.
$. Cymes 3—9-flowered, pilose, about equalling the petiole; flowers (closed) 4—% in,
long. Calyx + in. long by 5% in. wide, obscurely 4—5-lobed at apex, pubescent, tubular,
somewhat inflated about middle; lobes depresso-deltoid; corolla about }in. long (closed),
oblong, clothed outside with subferruginous felt, 4—5-lobed; lobes ovate, about 2ths depth
of corolla-tube; stamens 16, hypogynous, glabrous, not united in pairs, } in. long; anthers
longer than the filaments; ovary rudimentary, hairy.
2. Flowers solitary, pentamerous; corolla shortly 5-lobed; fruiting calyx 5-fid, mar-
supio-dilatated with ovate cordate lobes having reflexed sides and base, hairy inside, 12 in.
across ; fruiting peduncle stout, patent, 2 in. long; fruit subglobose, 2 in. in diameter (imma-
ture), rugose, nearly glabrous, 8-celled (?); seeds 1 in. long, shining, compressed; albumen not
ruminated,
According to Dr Thwaites this tree is the true Calamander of the Cinghalese; in Ceylon
it is called Kaloomidereya-gass.
Ceylon, Zhwaites! C. P. 3010.
27. DIosPYROS TOXICARIA, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, elongato-ovatis, apice acuminatis, basi rotundis, glabris, nitentibus,
coriaceis, subtus reticulatis ; petiolis robustis ; floribus masculis ferrugineo-tomentosis, sessilibus,
aggregatis, e pulvino convexo surgentibus, bracteis basi obtectis, calyce apice lobato, corolla
breviter 4-fidd, staminibus 11—13, glabris, ovarit rudimento dense piloso; fructibus solitariis,
subsessilibus, ferrugineo-tomentosis, subglobosis, 8-locularibus; calyce fructifero, cyathiformi,
breviter 4-lobo, aucto.
A tree, 20—80 feet high, glabrous except the fruit and inflorescence, bark rather rough,
gum sometimes exudes from it. Leaves elongate-ovate, rounded at the base, acuminate
at the apex, alternate, coriaceous, shining, 2}—5 in. long (besides robust petiole about } in.
long) by 1—2 in. wide, midrib depressed above, finely reticulated as in D. tessellaria.
$. Flowers 5—12 together sessile or axillary, very short ferruginous hairy dense
nodular cymes; bracts imbricated, unequal, ferrugineo-tomentose outside, nearly glabrous
inside, oval, some (outer ones) } in. long; buds ovoid, ferrugineo-tomentose, } in. long;
calyx lobed at apex, hairy outside, glabrous inside. Corolla shortly 4-fid, hairy outside,
glabrous inside. Stamens 11—13, glabrous; ovary wanting; receptacle hairy. Native names
176 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Sifatatu, Alacainist. Madagascar, Tranomaro, sands near the sea, July 1862, Dr Meller /
Natives say that birds die soon after eating the fruit.
¢. Bracts caducous, imbricated. Fruit solitary, ferruginous-tomentose, subsessile; young
fruit scarcely the length of the accrescent calyx, ovoid or subglobose, } in. high, umbilicate-
depressed at apex, 8-celled, 8-ovuled; pericarp thick; fruiting calyx ferruginous-tomentose on
both sides, cup-shaped, shortly 4lobed. Native name Vorongi. Madagascar, Tranomaro,
July 1862, Dr Meller /
The following may belong to this species:
(1) Specimen with ovoid fruit ferruginous-tomentose 2 in. high, fruiting calyx 1} in.
across appressed to base of fruit, leaves 44—6} in. long by 13—2} im. wide; Madagascar,
Lastelle! 1841, seen in the Paris Museum.
(2) Fruit nearly 1 in. long, rufous-tomentose. Fruiting calyx spreading } in. across;
Madagascar, Chapelier/ Seen in the Paris Museum.
(8) Fruit 1}in. long by 1} in. thick, ferruginous-tomentose, 8-celled; fruiting calyx
spreading. Without leaves. Said to come from 8. Africa, but probably this is a mistake;
Gerard! n. 190, seen at the Kew Museum.
28. DrIospyros TESSELLARIA, Poir. in Enclyc. Méth. v. p. 430, n. 5 (1804).
D. ramulis fusco-cinereis; foliis alternis, ovalibus vel ovatis, apice rotundatis, bast
rotundis, glabris, nitentibus, coriaceis, tenuiter reticulatis, petiolatis; floribus masculis sessilibus,
sepius aggregatis, e pulvino convero ferrugineo piloso surgentibus, tetrameris, tomentosis,
bracteis imbricatis ovato-rotundatis extus sericeis intus glabris; calyce apice lobato, staminibus
12—13, glabris; floribus femineis aggregatis, tetrameris; fructibus subglobosis, ferrugineo-
sericeis vel subglabratis, 8-locularibus, edulibus.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 225. n. 12 (1844).
Ebenus tessellaria, Commers. ex Poir. 1. c.
D. Ebenum, Poir. l.c. p. 429. n. 4, non Koenig.
D. reticulata, Willd. sp. pl. tv. p. 1109, n. 6 (1805), Alph. DC. Lc. n. 11 excl. 8 timoriana,
non Decaisne.
A tree or shrub with dark-cinereous glabrous branches. Leaves’ alternate, oval or
ovate, rounded at both ends, especially at base, where they are sometimes slightly cordate,
glabrous, coriaceous, shining, finely reticulated, 3—6 in. long by 1}—3} in. wide; margins
slightly reflexed; petioles stout, J—} in. long. Flowers densely clustered, sessile, arising
from lateral nodules on the young branches, fulvo-sericeous, tetramerous; calyx tubular,
lobed at the apex, }—} in. long; ¢. stamens 12—13, glabrous, mostly in pairs, inserted on
the receptacle. Fruit globular or ellipsoidal, 8-celled, nearly glabrate or sericeous, edible,
8-celled; fruiting calyx hemispherical or rarely flat, thickly coriaceous, sericeous, lobes
short, rounded. Wood valuable; this species probably yields the ebony of Mauritius.
Mauritius, in the forests of the highest parts of the island, Bouton/; Ayres!, Telfair!;
shrub 6—8 feet high, fruit good to eat, sweet, fruiting calyx flat, Bouton!
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEAL 177
D. rubra, Gaertn. fil. Fruct. et Sem. Pl. mr. p. 138. t. 208 (1805), differs by a- flat
5-lobed fruiting calyx and 10-celled fruit; it may however belong to D. tessellaria, Poir.,
or. if not to D. chrysophyllos, Poi.
29. DIOSPYROS HAPLOSTYLIS, Boiv. MSS.
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, apice anguste acuminatis, basi angustatis, coriaceis, nitidis,
subglabris, subtus tenwiter reticulatis, breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis 3—6-nis, brevissime
eymosis vel aggregatis, ferrugineo-sericeis, 4—5-meris, calyce breviter lobato, staminibus O19,
glabris, biserialibus; floribus femineis solitartis, brevissime pedunculatis, Serrugineo-sericeis,
4—5-meris, staminodiis 4, glabris, ovario sericeo, depresso-globoso, 8-loculari, stylo apice
4-lobo ; fructibus subglobosis, glabrescentibus, 8-locularibus.
A shrub of 12 feet or an erect tree 22 feet high or more; heart-wood black, very
hard; young parts puberulous; branches glabrescent, terete, subcinereous, smooth. Leaves
alternate, oval, narrowly acuminate at apex, somewhat narrowed at base, coriaceous, glabrous
with depressed midrib above, highly and minutely reticular beneath with scattered appressed
inconspicuous hairs, somewhat undulated, 2—3} in. long by 1—12 in. wide; petioles } in.
long.
é. Flowers clustered, 8—6 together, subsessile on young branches, ferruginous-pubescent,
% in. long by { in. thick; bracts caducous, smaller than the flowers; calyx hairy on both
sides, }in. long by # in. thick, lobes 4, erect, deltoid, one-third the depth of the calyx;
corolla hairy outside, glabrous inside, lobes one-third the length of the corolla; stamens
10, 12, glabrous, hypogynous, biseriate, nearly equal, 2—} in. long, anthers 2, in. long
linear; ovary rudimentary, ferruginous-sericeous.
Q. Flowers solitary, ferruginous-sericeous, nearly } in. long, very shortly pedunculate ;
calyx 5; in. long by } in. thick, campanulate, lobes 4—5, ovate deltoid, one-third depth
of calyx; corolla 4-fid, lobes somewhat spreading; staminodes 4, glabrous, short, alternate
with corolla-lobes; ovary densely sericeous, fleshy, depresso-globose, ;4; in. high by } in.
thick, 8-celled, terminated at apex by style; style ;, in. long, 4-lobed at apex. Fruit
ferruginous-sericeous when young, glabrescent, subglobose, 1 in. long by 1 in. thick,
8-celled; cells 1-seeded; fruiting peduncle } in. long, sericeous; fruiting calyx 3 in. long
and wide, hairy on both sides, campanulate or nearly flat, spreading.
Madagascar, Nossi Be, Boivin! 2108 bis, Pervillé! 439, 505; mountains at Diego,
Suares, Bernier! 259 (excl. fr.).
30. DIOSPYROS MELANIDA, Poir. in Encycl. Méth. v. p. 431. n. 7 (1804).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, utrinque rotundatis vel obtuse angustatis, glabris, coriacers,
petiolatis, mediocriter reticulatis ; floribus masculis 1—38-nis, aggregatis, sessilibus, 5—6-meris,
calyce subglabro apice lobuto, corollé 5—6-fidd, extus sericed, staminibus 22—24, glabris, basi
corolle insertis; floribus femineis solitariis, fructibus subglobosis, sessilibus, 10-locularibus,
calyce fructifero aucto, 5—6-lobo, tubo concavo, lobis recurvis sepe undulatis ; seminibus oblongis,
albumine cartilagineo, non ruminato.
Vou. XII. Parr I. 23
178 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE,
Alph. DC. Prodr. vin. p. 227. n. 22 (1844).
Ebenus melanida, Commers. ex Poir. 1. ¢.
(2?) D. pterocalyx, Boj. Hort. Maurit. p. 200. n. 7 (1837), Alph. DC. 1c. p. 225. n. 142
A tree with glabrous stem and branches. Leaves alternate, oval, rounded or obtusely
narrowed at either end, glabrous, coriaceous, 1—8 in. long by 4—38 in. wide, petioles 4—4
in. long; margins slightly recurved, net-veins delicate, often coloured beneath.
6. Flowers 1—3 together, sessile, 5—6-merous, } in. long; calyx tubular, cup-shaped,
tin. long, subentire or 5—G-lobed at apex, subglabrous; corolla 5—6-fid, silky outside,
glabrous inside, lobes oval, rounded, spreading and reflexed; stamens 22—24, glabrous, inserted
at the base of the corolla; ovary rudimentary, hairy,
¢. Flowers solitary. Fruit sessile, subglobose, as large as a moderate-sized apple,
glabrous, shining, 10-celled, surrounded one-third way up by tube of calyx which has 5—6
wide reflexed and often undulated lobes. Seeds oblong, albumen not ruminated.
Mauritius, Bouton’ The following localities are less certain; Bourbon, Richard/,
Boivin! ; Round Island, Mauritius, Sir H. Barkly!; Rodriguez, Bouton/
31. Drosrrros noposa, Poir. Encycl. Méth. v. p. 432 n. 9. (1804).
D. foliis ovalibus vel oblongis, alternis, utrinque rotundatis vel obtuse angustatis, glabris,
coriaceis, petiolatis, mediocriter reticulatis; floribus masculis 1—3-nis, subsessilibus, scepius
5-meris, calyce glabro, apice lobato, staminibus 20—82, glabris; floribus femineis solitariis,
subsessilibus, staminodiis 12, ovario hirsuto, stylo 5-lobo ; fructibus subglobosis, glabratis, calyce
Fructifero aucto, tubo cyathiformi, lobis erectis.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 226. n. 18 (1844).
D. angulata, Poir. le. p. 434. n, 16, Alph. DC. lc. p. 226. n. 16.
D. mauritiana, Alph. DC. lc. p. 226. n. 15 (1844).
D. macrocalyx, Alph. DC. lc. p. 226. n. 17, non Kl,
(2?).D. capensis, Alph. DC.! Lc. p. 226. n. 19.
(2)D. Neraudii, Alph. DC. le. p. 227. n. 23.
(?) D. Boutoniana, Alph. DC. lc. p. 236. n. 72.
A glabrous shrub or tree; branches especially of the male plants often nodose at
the inflorescence. Leaves oval or oblong, alternate, more or less rounded at both ends
or occasionally cuneate at base, coriaceous, 14—Gin. long by 1—3in. wide; petioles {—}in.
long.
&. Flowers axillary, subsessile, about 1—3 together; calyx glabrous or glabrescent,
subtruncate or shortly 4—6- usually 5-lobed at apex, cup-shaped, about }in. long; corolla
about }in. long, sericeous outside, glabrous inside, deeply 4—6- usually 5-lobed; lobes oval,
stamens 20—32, glabrous, hypogynous or inserted at the base of the corolla,
spreading ; 2, g
somewhat combined at base; filaments short; ovary rudimentary, hairy.
9. Flowers solitary, axillary, subsessile; bracts imbricated, caducous; calyx shortly
5-lobed, nearly glabrous, cup-shaped; corolla short; staminodes 12, separate, inserted at base
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ. 179
of corolla; ovary hairy; style 5-lobed. Fruit globular or ovoid, glabrate, 14—2in. high,
resting at base on cup-shaped nearly glabrous calyx which in some cases reaches half-way
up the fruit and has erect lobes.
Mauritius, Boivin!, Gardner!, Duport!, Commerson!, 299, 301. Madagascar, Boivin!
D. capensis, Alph. DC. is reported from the Cape of Good Hope, probably by mistake.
Perhaps ought to be united to D. melanida, Poir.
32. Diospyros ANON#EFOLIA, Alph. DC. Prodr. vi. p. 227. n. 21 (1844).
D. foliis elliptico-oblongis, alternis, obtusis, basi subacutis, glabris, submembranaceis, petio-
latis; floribus masculis aggregatis, subsessilibus, calyce elongato-cyathiformi, basi acuto, glabro,
obscure 5-lobo; corolla profunde 5-fidd, extus sericed ; staminibus 20—24, geminatis, glabris,
corolle basi insertis.
Branches and buds glabrous. Leaves alternate, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, submem-
branous, subacute at the base, 5—7in. long by 2—3in. wide, paler beneath; petioles }in.
long.
&. Flowers fascicled, 5—15 together, subsessile; bracts ovate, glabrous, caducous; calyx
elongate, cup-shaped, acute at the base, smooth, glabrous, obscurely 5-lobed at the apex,
tin. long; corolla deeply 5-lobed, silky outside, rather longer than the calyx. Stamens
20—24, united in pairs at base, glabrous, inserted at base of corolla.
Mauritius (or Bourbon?) ex Alph. DC. Lc.
Perhaps ought to be united to D. nodosa or to D. melanida or to both.
33. DIOSPYROS LEUCOMELAS, Poir. Eneycl. Méth. v. p. 432. n. 8 (1804).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus vel orbicularibus, apice rotundis, basi cordatis, subamplexi-
caulibus, coriaceis, glabris, nitidis, subsessilibus ; floribus diccis, 1—3-nis, awillaribus, sessi-
libus, 6—5-meris; calyce tubuloso-campanulato, apice lobato, extus sericeo; corolld profunde
lobatd ; staminibus 30—40, glabris, receptaculo insertis; fructibus solitariis, glubris, calyce
cyathiformi duplo et ultra longioribus, 8—12-locularibus.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vu p. 236. n. 70 (1844),
Ebenus leucomelas, Commers. MSS. n. 149 Ie. ex Poir. Lc.
Diospyros reticulata, Sieb.! Pl. Maurit. n. 114. non Willd. nee Decaisne.
Diospyros amplexicaulis, Lindl. et Paxt.! Flower Garden, 11. p.11. n. 271. fig. 139 (1851).
Diospyros Commersoni, Gaertn. fil. Carp. ur. p. 136. t. 208 (1805).
D. melanida, Neraud ex Alph. DC. Prodr. vur. p. 236. n. 70 (1844), non Poir.
Cfr. D. Hebenaster, Gaertn. Fruct. et Sem. Plant. m. p. 478. t. 179. f. 9 (1791), non
D. Ebenaster, Retz.
A lofty tree with white wood but with black lines in the heart; trunk with a dark
bark, much branched; branches glabrous, pale-cinereous, spreading at about 40°. Leaves
oval or orbicular, alternate, subsessile, cordate at base, rounded at apex, subamplexicaul,
coriaceous, quite glabrous and shining; often marked by coloured net-veins and occasionally
25-2
180 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE®.
by black blotches; 2—5}in. long by 14—3}in. wide; petioles j;—{in. long. Bracts im-
bricated, subtomentose with grey hair, rounded, j;in. high by }in. wide, surrounding the
base of the calyx. i
3. Flowers 1 or few together, axillary on young shoots or clustered on the shoots
of previous season, sessile; calyx tubular, somewhat campanulate, with usually 6 short teeth
at apex, covered outside with short brown or cinereous tomentum, 4—}in. high; corolla
campanulate, 6—5-lobed, shortly ferruginous-sericeous outside, glabrous inside; tube }—5 in.
long; lobes }in. long, spreading and recurved at extremities. Stamens 30—40, glabrous,
inserted on the receptacle, nearly equal; anthers linear fin. long; filaments about yin.
Tong, often somewhat combined at base; ovary only represented by a trace of hair.
Q. Flowers arranged as in &. Fruit sessile, solitary, on branches deprived of their
leaves (in the dry state), very glutinous, ex Poiret, glabrous ex Alph. DC., depresso-globose,
umbilicate at the apex, about 1 in. high by 1} in. thick, 8—12-celled; fruit-calyx cup-
shaped, about 4 the height of the fruit which it receives, 6-lobed at apex, coriaceous; ‘seeds
cinereous, ?in. long; albumen not ruminated, white. |
Mauritius, Commerson!; Sieber! 114; on the crest of the mountain to the left of
the second Fenetre, above the French fort, Sept. ¢ fl, Ayres!; in forests on mountains
at Savane and at Trois Ilots, Fl. May, Dec. Ayres MSS.; a specimen from Round Island
near Mauritius without flower or fruit by Sir H. Barkly! probably belongs to this species;
Madagascar, Gaertner, Chapelier /
34. DIOSPYROS CHRYSOPHYLLOS, Poir. Encycl. Méth. v. p. 433, n. 12 (1804).
D. ramulis flexuosis, folits lanceolato-oblongis, apice utrinque obtuse angustatis, glabris,
coriaceis, petiolatis; floribus diacis, 1—3-nis, subsessilibus, 5—4-meris, asxillaribus; calyce
cyathiformt, eatus pubescente, apice lobato, corolld profunde lobatd, staminibus 11—135, glabris ;
ovario in floribus femineis glabro, 10-loculari, stylis 5; fructibus solitariis, globosis, nétidis,
7—10-locularibus, calyce fructifero subtruncato, pateriformt.
Alph. DC. Predr. vin. p. 225. n. 13 (1844).
A shrub or tree with glabrous flexuous branches, subscandent (?). Leaves lanceolate-oblong,
somewhat narrowed at base, usually more or less narrowed towards apex, obtuse, 2}—5}in,
long by }—14 in. wide, besides petiole 4—3,in. long; somewhat paler and brilliant beneath
golden-coloured) ; coriaceous, margins reflexed. Flowers subsessile, axillary, pentamerous or
tetramerous. Calyx ferruginous-pubescent outside, cup-shaped, dentate at apex. Corolla
ferruginous-sericeous outside, deeply lobed.
6. Flowers 1—3 together. Stamens 11—15.
2. Flowers solitary, more than in. long. Calyx 3,—% in. long; lobes 3; in. deep, widely
ovate, wavy at margins, obtuse; tube very crass especially at base, felted outside, glabrous
and shining inside. Corolla with 5 short imbricated rounded lobes, constricted at top of
calyx, hairy outside in upper part, often remaining at top of young fruit. Staminodes 9,
glabrous. Ovary glabrous but surrounded at base with a ring of hairs, 10-celled; styles 5,
sericeous at base; stigmas lobed at apex. Fruit glabrous, globose about lin. in diameter,
shining, green, 7—10-celled. Fruiting calyx subtruncate, Jin. across at top, glabrescent,
Mauritius, Bojer !, Gardner /, Bouton !, Commerson/
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE, 181
35. DIOSPYROS SENENSIS, Klotzsch in Peters Mossamb. I. p. 183 (1862).
D. foliis alternis, obovato-oblongis, apice breviter acuminatis vel rotundatis, basi cuneatis
vel subrotundatis, submembranaceis, subtus flavido-pubescentibus, breviter petiolatis; floribus
1—5-nis, breviter cymosis, axillaribus, tetrameris, pedicellis brevissimis; calyce anguste tubu-
loso, apice lobato, corolla 4-fidd, staminibus 16, geminatis, glabris; in flore femineo stamino-
diis 0, ovario glabro (2), 8-loculari ; fructibus solitartis, glabris, 2—8-locularibus.
A shrub from 10 feet high to a tree 30 feet; occasionally subhermaphrodite or polygamous;
branches terete, pale-cimereous or smooth and reddish; young shoots softly flavido-pubescent.
Leaves membranous, alternate, obovate-oblong, suddenly narrowed or acuminate or occasionally
rounded at apex, cuneate or nearly rounded at base, subglabrescent and deep green above
with depressed midrib, somewhat flavido-pubescent or subglabrescent beneath, 2—74 in.
long x 1—3} in. wide, besides hairy petiole =;—} in. long. Inflorescence axillary, in short
1—5-flowered cymes, flavido-pubescent, with small caducous bracts at base of very short
pedicels; flowers greenish-yellow, fragrant; g peduncles not exceeding } in. long.
é. Calyx +2 in. long by +4 im. thick, tubular, subtruncate or with 4 short rounded
lobes at apex, flavido-pubescent outside and hairy inside. Flowers greenish-yellow, fragrant.
Corolla tubular, about twice the length of the calyx, 4-fid, glabrous, except 4 hairy lines
down the middle of the lobes; lobes oblong, obtuse; stamens 16, glabrous, in pairs, partly
inserted at base of corolla and partly hypogynous; ovary usually rudimentary or wanting,
occasionally 5-celled in subhermaphrodite flowers.
@. Flowers shorter than in 6; staminodes 0; ovary glabrous (2), 8-celled; calyx hairy
on both sides. Fruit solitary, glabrous, but hairy around base of style, acorn-shaped, 1 in.
long by % in. thick; half inclosed in subtruncate calyx, 2—4—8-celled, not eaten (Dr.
Kirk); style making a short conical projection; fruiting calyx shortly pubescent especially
inside; albumen horny; seeds with green vittze on surface (Avrk); cotyledons cordate,
‘acute, foliaceous.
Tropical Africa, Mozambique, Rios de Sena, Dr. Peters!; Lower Shire Valley, Dr.
Kirk! 6 fl. January; Lupata, Dr. Kirk!, young fruit, January; Forest below Strigogo,
left bank of Zambezi, Dr. Kirk/, fruit, April; North of Shire, Banks of Zambezi, Dr.
Meller! , fl. January; Abbeokuta, Dr. Irving! 141; Abbeokuta &c., Niger expedition,
Barter! 290, 3251, 3390; Eppah, Barter! 3250 (peduncles 1-flowered, 5>—,; in. long, in bud).
36. DIOSPYROS ROTUNDIFOLIA, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, obovato-rotundis, utrinque rotundatis, glabris, coriaceis, breviter petiolatis,
margine revolutis, nervis subtus inconspicuis; floribus solitarvis, axillaribus, glabris, diecis,
breviter pedunculatis; calyce apice 5-lebo; corolla 5-fidé; staminibus 30, glabris, receptaculo
insertis ; fructibus globosis, apice wmbilicatis, nitidis, uncialibus, 8-locularibus (2); calyce
fructifero aucto, apice 5-lobo, plicato, pateriformt.
Young parts puberulous; branches pale-cinereous. Leaves obovate-rotund, alternate,
coriaceous, with recurved margins in the dry state, rounded at both ends, {—1}in. long
by —1} in. wide, besides petioles ;j—} im. long, glabrous; veins inconspicuous beneath,
182 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Peduncles axillary, solitary, crowded in upper axils, puberulous, recurved, ;;—} in. long,
1-flowered; bracts caducous.
&. Flowers glabrous, about 2in. long; calyx ;3;im. long, hemispherical-campanulate,
with 5 shallow apiculate lobes; corolla 5-fid, with oval spreading lobes; stamens in one
case 30!, glabrous, nearly equal, inserted on the glabrous receptacle; filaments short, straight ;
anthers about } in. long, 2-celled, dehiscing laterally from apex; ovary 0.
@. Fruiting calyx acerescent, exceeding the young fruit, } in. high and broad, really
5-lobed at apex but apparently 5-fid by calyx being plicate and reflexed downwards and out-
wards into 5 sides; quasi-lobes broadly ovate dilated at base and plicate so as to make the
calyx 5-winged; styles 5, connate at base, jin. long, glabrous; stigmas bifid; young fruit
depresso-globose, } in. high, glabrous, 8?-celled; ripe fruit globose, umbilicate at apex,
shining, 3—1l in. in diameter; fruiting calyx pateriform, {—lin. across, ;5 in. high, with
raised border above, plicate; seeds compressed, } in. long by ~; im. wide.
S. Africa, Delagoa Bay, Forbes! 34.
37. DiospyRos ATTENUATA, Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 182. n. 18 (1860).
D. foliis alternis, anguste ovatis vel oblongis, apice acuminatis, bast cuneatis, tenuiter
coriaceis, glabratis, breviter petiolatis, creberrime venulosis; floribus masculis 3—10-ns,
subsessilibus, oblongis, 4—5-meris, staminibus 4—5; floribus femineis solitariis, ovario 4-lo-
ceulari, fructibus ovoideo-conicis, acuminatis, subglabrescentibus, 2—3-spermis, albumine non
rumanato.
Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. (Part viz.) p. 28. t. 139 (1871).
A moderate-sized tree; young shoots appressedly puberulous, quickly glabrescent; leaves
alternate, narrowly ovate or oblong, acuminate at apex, more or less narrowed at base,
quickly glabrescent, thinly subcoriaceous, 2—4in. long by 3—1} in. wide; petioles ;;—% in.
long; midrib depressed above; net-veins very close together, in relief on both sides, delicate.
&é. Flowers clustered, 83—10 together, sessile or subsessile on }in. long axillary
nodules, strigose with black and subferruginous mixed hairs, 4—5-merous; calyx ;/; in. long,
4—5-fid, hairy on both sides, lobes narrowly deltoid. Corolla slender in bud, much ex-
ceeding the calyx, 4—5-lobed, 1} in. long, lobes rather shorter than the tube; stamens
4—5, in one row, anthers glabrous, connective, prolonged at apex, filaments short, without
or with light brown hairs; ovary 0 or rudimentary, conical, with light ferruginous hairs.
. Flowers solitary, sessile; calyx }—} in. long, lobes more or less reflexed at the
margin; corolla but little exceeding the calyx; staminodes 4—5; stigmas 2, short; ovary
hairy, 4-celled, ovoid; cells l-ovuled. Fruit conical, with an ovoid base and acuminate
apex, pale, softly hairy or nearly glabrescent, 2—38-seeded; fruiting calyx loose, deeply
4—5-lobed, not accrescent; seeds oblong, shining, acuminate; albumen not ruminated.
Ceylon, Pasdoon Corle, Thwartes! C.P. 3478.
38. Diospyros acuta, Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 182. n. 17 (1860).
D. foliis alternis, lanceolato-oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi suhrotundatis, cortaceis,
glabris, robuste petiolatis, nervis inconspicuis; floribus masculis aggregatis, sessilibus, 4—5-
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ, 183
meris, calycis lobis lanceolatis, staminibus 4—5; floribus femineis 1—4-nis; fructibus ovoideis
acuminatis, 2—3-spermis, seminibus acuminatis, albumine non ruminato.
A moderate-sized tree, glabrous except the buds and inflorescence; branches terete.
Leaves alternate, lanceolate-oblong, acuminate at apex, more or less rounded towards base,
coriaceous, 5—12 in. long by 1}—4 in. wide, turning reddish beneath (when dry); petioles
34—1 in. long, stout, channelled above; midrib depressed above; lateral veins inconspicuous.
Inflorescence appressedly fulvous-hairy, dicecious or sometimes moneecious, in which case the
female capitula are towards the top of the branches, and the male ones beneath.
&. Inflorescence dense, many-flowered, axillary, sessile; calyx } in. long, 4—5-lobed
beyond the middle, lobes lanceolate, acute, hairy on both sides; corolla 4 in. long, 4—5-fid;
stamens 4—5, short, glabrous; ovary rudimentary, very small.
@. Flowers 1—4 together; calyx 4—4 in. long, lobes more or less reflexed at the
margin; corolla about as long as the calyx; stigmas 2—3, j,in. long, spathulate;
ovary 4- or 6-celled; fruit acuminate, 1} in. long, resting on a scarcely increased calyx, usually
2—3-seeded; seeds shining, oblong, acuminate, lin, long; albumen not ruminated.
Ceylon, Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites! C. P. 3476.
39. DIOSPYROS TRICOLOR.
D. fruticosa, foliis alternis, ellipticis, utrinque obtusis, supra subglabris viridibus, subtus
albido-sericeis, costa ferrugined; floribus azillaribus, sessilibus, 1—4-nis, tetrameris, pubes-
centibus, calyce quadrifido, corolld tubulosd, staminibus 6—8 vel pluribus, inequalibus ; floribus
Femineis solitariis, staminodiis T—8, ovario ovoideo, sericeo, in stylum subulatum attenuato ;
Sructibus subpyramidatis, glabris, junioribus 4-locularibus ; seminibus 2—4.
Noltia tricolor, Schum. et Thonn. Plant. Guin. p. 189 (1827), in Kong. Danske Vidensk.
Sel. Phys. og Mathem. Skr. m1. p. 209 (1828).
A much-branched shrub, 2—4 feet high; branches terete, ferruginous-tomentose, diverg-
ing, sometimes flexuous, procumbent. Leaves alternate, distichous, elliptical, obtuse, nearly
rounded at base, with few lateral veins, green and glabrescent above, white-silky with the
midrib and margin often ferruginous beneath, 1—3in. long by 3—2in. wide, the young
ones silvery-silky on both sides; petioles =,—1in. long, tomentose. Flowers solitary or 3—4
together, axillary, sessile.
3. Calyx 4-fid, lobes acute, silky-tomentose, ferruginous; corolla tubular, 3 times the
length of the calyx, scarcely dilated below, sub-4-lobed, subcoriaceous, “red,” silky outside,
Zin. long; lobes acute, erect, inflexed at the margin; filaments 6—“8 or more, unequal,
4 often double the length of the rest, half the length of the corolla, pubescent below,
inserted on the receptacle, either distinct or 2—8 together at the base,” anthers subulate,
erect ; ovary rudimentary.
@. Flowers solitary; corolla rather inflated at the base; staminodes 7—8, distinct;
ovary ovoid, silky, attenuated into a subulate style; stigma acute; fruit conical-oblong and
ferruginous-silky when young, afterwards conical, obsoletely tetragonal, yellow, quite glabrous,
lin. long by }in. wide, 1-celled, 4-seeded; seeds oblong; pulp sweetish; calyx of young
184 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
fruit lin. high, 4-fid with acutely deltoid lobes, erect; young fruit 4-celled, 2 cells of which
are each 1-seeded.
Local name, Aumbe. West tropical Africa, Guinea, Thonning!, common in the vicinity
of the shore; Cape Coast, Brass !
I have without doubt referred this plant to Diospyros, thus following the suggestions
of Messrs Bentham and Planchon. See Niger Flora p. 442 (1849) and Annal. Sc. Nat. ser.
Iv. vol. 3. p. 293 (1855). |
Plate v. fig. 1. A fruiting branch, from Brass’ specimen in Hb. Mus. Brit. natural size.
40. DroSsPYROS FULIGINEA, sp. nov.
D. foliis ovali-oblongis, apice anguste et valde acuminatis, basi sepius rotundatis, glabris vel
subtus subglabris, coriaceis, costd superne depressa, venis inconspicuis, margine tenuiter revoluto,
petiolo tereti, robusto, fusco; fructibus terns, 8-locularibus, 8-spermis, in cymis distinctis
axillaribus fuligineo-hispidis dispositis ; calyce fructifero aperte campanulato, 4-fido, fuligineo-
hispido, lobis deltoideis, erecto-patentibus, non plicatis.
Branches cinereous, scattered more or less with small fuliginous spots, glabrescent ; young
shoots fuliginous-hispidulous; leaves alternate, oval-oblong, narrowly and usually suddenly
acuminate at apex, usually rounded at base, glabrous or scattered with short appressed
inconspicuous hairs beneath, coriaceous, 43—7 in. long by 13—2} in. wide, midrib depressed
above, veins inconspicuous, margin finely revolute; petioles stout, terete, fuscous, with short
dark hairs, 2 in. long.
9. Cymes many-flowered (?), fuligious-hispid, in. long exclusive of the flowers, bearing
in one case 3 fuliginous-hispid fruits with firm pedicels }—1 in. long; young fruit globose.
with conical apex, exceeding the calyx, 8-celled, 8-seeded; fruiting calyx widely campanulate,
about Jin. in diameter, 4-tid, thickly coriaceous, not plicate; lobes deltoid, spreading.
Borneo, O. Beccari/ n. 2486.
41. Diospyros BRANDISIANA, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. vol. xu. Pt. 1. p. 72.
n. 93 (1871).
D. foliis ovalibus, alternis, apice acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel acutis, chartaceis, adultis
glabris vel secus costas sparse appresse hirsutis, breviter petiolatis ; floribus cymosis e ramis
ortis vel awillaribus, 5—4-meris, calyce 5-fido, lobis lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, corolld 5-fidd,
lobis obtusis, staminibus circiter 16, filamentis brevissimis, pubescentibus, antheris glabris ;
tn floribus femineis staminodiis 5, ovario dense fulvo-pubescente, 10-loculari, fructu immatura
ovoideo, acuwminato.
Flora, 1871, p. 342.
A tree with young parts shortly pubescent. Leaves alternate, oblong to elliptic-oblong
and oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded or acute at base, entire, chartaceous, 4—6—8 in.
long, the adult ones glabrous or usually sparsely and appressedly hirsute on the midrib; petioles
qs—t in. long, puberulous, somewhat depressed above. Flowers 4—{yin. long -in the bud,
pentamerous or tetramerous, in rather dense much-branched minutely-bracteated black-brown
cymes springing from the branches or axillary; pedicels ;—j in. long, afterwards elongated)
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 185
tomentose; bracts minute, oblong-lanceolate, tomentose; calyx covered with slight black or
dark brown tomentum, ;4;—3 im. long, deeply lobed, lobes linear-lanceolate, acute; corolla
tube appressedly pubescent, ;,in. long, rather widened towards the base and commonly
5-sided, lobes equalling the tube, oblong, obtuse.
3. Stamens 14—16; filaments very short, pubescent; anthers linear, mucronulate, glabrous.
Receptacle hairy.
2. Staminodes 5; ovary densely fulvo-pubescent, 10-celled, terminated by the rather
long simple crass style. Very young fruit, ovoid-conical, acuminate, shortly pubescent.
Burma, Martaban, Dombamee forests, Dr Brandis !
42, DIOSPYROS SUBACUTA, sp. nov.
D. fruticosa, foliis ovato-oblongis, distichis, apice acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel subcor-
datis, sub-glabris, margine subciliatis, nitidis, subsessilibus, nervis inconspicuis ; fructibus soli-
taris, axillaribus, oblongis, apice conicis, appresse pubescentibus, pedunculatis ; calyce fructifero
4-fido, pateriformi, pubescente.
Shrub; young parts rufous-pilose-hispid with scattered hairs; branches dark, terete,
glabrescent. Leaves ovate-oblong, distichous, subcoriaceous, glabrous or nearly so and shining,
acuminate at apex, rounded or subcordate at base, subsessile, rich brown beneath in the
dry state, darker above with elevated midrib; veins conspicuous; 14—3 in. long by 3
wide, spreading; petioles ;4— 4 in. long, thick, dark, subpilose; margins of leaves subciliate
with pilose long hairs.
?. Fruit solitary, axillary, im. long by tin. thick, oblong, conical at apex, covered
with short appressed brown pubescence, with several (?) cells; flowering peduncles lin. (or
more?) erect-patent, rough; bracts caducous; fruiting calyx 4-fid, pubescent, tin. across by
din. high, shallowly cup-shaped.
Madagascar, S® Marie, Boivin /
43. DIosPpYROS PRURIENS, Dalz. in Kew Journ. Bot. vol. rv. p. 110. n. 2 (1852).
D. foliis alternis, ovali-oblongis, apice breviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel subcordatis,
tenuiter coriaceis, supra nervo excepto subglabrescentibus, subtus presertim secus nervos
piloso-hirsutis, breviter petiolatis; jfloribus masculis avillaribus, pedunculis confertis, 1—2
floris, calyce 4-partito, utringue piloso, coroll@ profunde 4-fidd, extus sericed, lobis obtusis,
staminibus 13—14, glabris, hypogynis; floribus femineis 4—5-meris, staminodis 4—5,
glabris, ovario ferrugineo-hispido, 4-loculari, loculis 1-ovulatis; fructibus piloso-prurientibus,
ovoideo-conicis, 4-locularibus, loculis 1-spermis.
Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. (Pt. vit) p. 26. t. 129 (1871); (?) Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 423,
(1864).
Young shoots, peduncles, petioles and underside of leaves, especially on the veins, softly
pilose-hirsute, fulvous; branches terete, dark, glabrescent. Leaves oval-oblong; shortly and
usually obtusely acuminate at apex, rounded or subcordate at base, thinly subcoriaceous,
alternate, 2—4 in. long by 4—12 in. wide, with petiole 1,—1 in. long, subglabrescent above,
except the depressed midrib; lateral veins not strong.
Vou, XII. Part I. 24
186 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
é. Peduncles near together in the upper axils, #—§,in. long, 1- or 2-flowered;
flowers } in. long or more; bracts rounded, caducous, glabrous inside; calyx 4 in. long,
4-partite, fulvo-pilose on both sides, lobes linear-oblong, lax; corolla appressedly sericeous
outside, glabrous inside, }—% in. Jong, deeply 4-fid, constricted at top of tube, lobes ovate-
oblong, obtuse, imbricated sinistrorsely. Stamens 13—14, glabrous, unequal, hypogynous,
connate at base, shorter than the corolla-tube, surroundmg the hairy rudiment of the
ovary; filaments about as long as the anthers.
@. Flowers solitary, crowded in the upper axils on peduncles ;—} in. long; calyx
iin. long with oblong spreading lobes, hairy on both sides, 4—5-partite; corolla 3 in. long,
4-fid, constricted about middle; staminodes 5 (in one case), inserted at base of corolla,
glabrous, linear; ovary ferrugimous-hispid, 4-celled, cells 1-ovuled; styles 2, short, almost
concealed by the long hairs on the ovary, glabrous, bifid at apex. Fruit ovoid-conical,
21 in, long, 4celled, 4-seeded, densely clothed with fulvous stinging hairs. Fruiting
calyx spreading or reflexed, not accrescent.
Bombay, Chorla Ghaut, Dr Ritchie! 1833; Dalzell!; Bababoodun hills, Mysore, Mr
Law! ; (2) Ceylon, Saffragam district, 2000 ft. alt., Dr Thwaites, C.P. 2836.
44, DIosPpYROS APICULATA, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, oblongis, apice acute acuminatis, bast cordatis, tenuiter coriaceis, supra
glabrescentibus, subtus presertim secus nervos hispidis, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis
sub-3-nis, subsessilibus, axillaribus; calyce 4—5-partito, piloso-pubescente, corolld tubulos@, glabra,
4-lobd, staminibus 6—7 vel 12, inequalibus, glabris, ovarit rudimento hirsuto ; floribus femineis
1—3-nis, brevissime cymosis; fructibus solitariis, subsessilibus, ferrugineo-setosis, ovoideo-
conicis, apice apiculatis, 4-locularibus; albumine seminum non ruminato.
A tree with slender stem, about 4 feet high in the specimen seen; young parts
ferruginous-hispid. Leaves oblong, alternate, thinly subcoriaceous, much acuminate at apex,
cordate at base, hispid beneath, especially on the clearly marked veins, glabrescent above,
with depressed midrib, of the same colour on both sides except the hairs, 4—7} in. long
by 1}—23 in. wide, margins just reflexed; petioles ;;— 4, in. long, hispid. Bracts finely hispid.
$. Flowers about 3 together, subsessile, axillary, 4; in. long; calyx 4—5-partite,
about } in. long, pilose-pubescent on both sides except near the base inside, lobes lanceolate-
linear; corolla glabrous, 2 in. long, tubular, 4-lobed, lobes spreading, oval, obtusely pointed
at apex, contorted sinistrorsely in bud, 54; in. long; stamens glabrous, 6—7 or 12, unequal,
anthers linear-oblong, pointed at apex; filaments often geniculate, dilated and connate at
base, inserted in a very short tube at the very base of the corolla; ovary rudimentary,
small, hairy.
@. Flowers 1—3 together, on very short axillary finely hispid cymes. Fruit solitary,
subsessile, finely ferruginous-setose especially upwards but not densely so and subglabrescent
in lower part, ovoid-conical, about 1 in. long by $—% in. wide, apiculate at apex, ovoid at
base, with indications inside of 4 cells, terminated by 2 (?) adjacent styles; seeds 4 (2),
§ in. long; albumem somewhat farinaceous (in dry state), not ruminated.
Penang, Goot hill, Dr Maingay! no. 1514.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA. 187
45, Diospyros BARTERI, sp. nov.
D. fruticosa, foliis alternis, ovali-ovatis, apice apiculatis acuminatis, basi cordatis, firmiter
membranaceis, supra nervo excepto glabris, subtus pallidis hispido-sericeis presertim secus
nervos, breviter petiolatis; floribus femineis solitarws, subsessilibus, hispidis, calyce 4—5-
partito, lobis lineari-lanceolatis, corolld extus hispidd, 5-fidd, lobis acutis, staminodiis 11, brevibus,
uniserialibus, pilosis, ovario glabro (apice eacepto), 4-loculari, loculis 1-ovulatis; fructibus
conicis, acuminatis, glabris sed apice hirsutis, seminibus oblongis, albumine non ruminato.
A shrub with young shoots rufous-hispid or afterwards fuscous-hispid; older branches
dark, terete, glabrate, spreading at about 50°. Leaves alternate, oval-ovate, acuminate, apiculate,
at base cordate, firmly membranous, dark green and glabrous except the depressed midrib
and with depressed veins above; paler with hispid-pilose ferruginous hairs, especially on
the veins beneath, 2—3 in. long by 1—1} in. wide; petioles hispid, =;—+ in. long.
2. Flowers solitary, subsessile, axillary, with narrow rufous-hispid-pilose caducous
bracts. Calyx }in. long, rufous-hispid-pilose, 4—5-partite with linear-lanceolate lobes
somewhat spreading in flower and sub-horizontal not accrescent in fruit; hispid inside.
Corolla conical in bud, as long as the calyx, ferruginous-hispid outside, glabrous inside, 5-fid,
lobes acute, imbricated. Staminodes 11, short, in one row, distinct (except 1 pair),
pilose. Pistil conical; ovary glabrous except apex, 4-celled, cells 1-ovuled; styles 2, bilobed
at apex, pilose below, as long as the young ovary. Fruit oblong-conical, 14 in. long,
glabrous (except apex), shining, with shortly ferruginous-pubescent remains of styles, 2-celled;
cells 1-seeded; seeds 2 in. long; albumen not ruminated.
W. Africa, Guinea, Lagos. Niger Expedition. arter/ 20194.
46. DIosPYROS MICRORHOMBUS, sp. nov.
D. foliis distichis, rhomboideo-ovalibus, ad apicem emarginatum angustatis, basi cuneatis,
interdum sub-obliquis, subglabris, coriaceis, subsessilibus; jfloribus fenineis solitariis, graciliter
pedunculatis, glabris, calyce profunde 4-lobo, lobis rotundatis, erecto-patentibus, corolla breviter
4-fidd, staminodiis 4, glabris, corolle basi insertis, ovario glabro, ovoideo-conico, 8-loculari.
Of a dark colour when dry; branches covered with short patent pale pubescence, terete ;
wood very good. Leaves subsessile, distichous, rhomboid-oval, narrowed to an emarginate apex,
cuneate at base and sometimes slightly oblique, glabrous or very nearly so, coriaceous, } in.
long by }in. wide, dark slatish green above, brownish beneath; veins indistinct.
9. Flowers solitary, on long slender glabrous peduncles which measure }—%in. long
and bear appressed oblong glabrous bracts about middle and near base; flowers + in. long,
glabrous; calyx 4in. long, deeply 4-lobed; lobe }-oval, }in. wide, rounded, erect-patent;
corolla erect, 4 in. high, glabrous, 4-sided and shortly 4-fid; staminodes 4, glabrous, alternate
with the lobes of the corolla and inserted at its base; ovary glabrous, 8-celled, ovoid-conical,
terminated at apex by a 4-lobed conical style; divisions of the style emarginate at apex.
“Ebenier de Madagascar, son bois est superbe; Iles de France et Bourbon,’ Hb. Mus.
Paris. !
24—2
188 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA!.
47. DIOSPYROS FOLIOLOSA, Wall. List n. 4143 (1828—32).
D. glabra, foliis alternis, oblongo-lanceolatis, apice attenuato-acwminatis, basi obtusis,
nitidis, tenuiter coriaceis, reticulatis, petiolatis; jfloribus masculis laxe cymosis, ovoideis, tetra-
meris, calyce parvo, corollé ovoideo-urceolatd, breviter lobatd, staminibus 12—16, geminatis,
connectivo et filamentis leviter pubescentibus, ovarii rudimento acuminato; floribus femineis
solitarus, axillaribus, pedunculatis, 4- rarius 3-meris, staminodiis nullis, stigmatibus 4—3,
sessilibus, ovario 4-loculart, loculis 1-ovulatis; fructibus globosis, junioribus pubescenti-squa-
mosis, senioribus glabratis ; calyce fructifero fructum equantibus vel excedentibus, lobis cordato-
ovatis, foliacers, nervosis.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 234 n. 58 (1844).
Diospyros calycina, Bedd., Ann. Rep. Forests, Madras Pres. for 1867—68, p. 26 (1868),
Flora Sylvatica, Madras, t. 68 (1870), Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. (Part vii.) p. 25. t. 123 (1871), non
Audib.
D. auriculata, Wight! (MS. in Hb. Kew), Hb. Wight!, Kew List n. 1716, non Stiehler.
A good sized tree, glabrous in all parts except the stamens ovary and young fruit.
Leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, thinly coriaceous, attenuate-acuminate at apex, narrowed
or rounded at base, shining, green on both sides, 2—4}in. long by 4—1l1}in. wide, mid-
rib depressed on upper side; net-veins delicate in relief on both sides ; petioles 3—1in. long,
é. Cymes axillary, lax, about half the length of the leaves, 3—9-flowered; flowers } in.
long, ovoid; calyx small, about ;4;in. high by 4in. across, 4-fid, with deltoid or ovate lobes;
corolla urceolate, often gibbous at base, 4-fid, bright yellow in colour, much contracted at
the top of the tube, lobes short, pointed, spreading; stamens 12—16, inserted on the recep-
tacle and united in pairs by their short compressed more or less hairy filaments; anthers
equal, lanceolate, dehiscing from the base, converging at the apex above the rudimentary
5-lobed ovary which terminates with a long acumen; connective somewhat hairy.
@. Flowers solitary, axillary, on peduncles 2—1in. long; calyx with 4 or rarely 3 cordate
imbricated veined accrescent partitions; corolla urceolate, gibbous; tube nearly globose, lobes
4 or rarely 3, short, reflexed; staminodes 0; stigmas 4 or 3, sessile; ovary 4-celled; cells
l-ovuled. Fruit globose, covered when young with hairlike scales, glabrescent, 3 in. in
diameter ; fruiting calyx about as long as the fruit or longer, sometimes lin. long, some-
what glandular at base within around base of fruit; lobes cordate-ovate, foliaceous.
Very abundant in the ghat forests from bottom to 3000ft. alt. in the Tinnevelly
district and southern portions of Madura; it is called Vellay Toveray, and yields a valuable
light-coloured wood, Beddome; Courtallum, Wallich /
48, Drospyros prLosuLa, Wall. List. n. 4132 (1828—82).
D. folvis alternis, obovato-oblongis vel anguste ellipticis, apice acuminatis, basi obtusis,
tenuiter coriaceis, supra glabris, nitidis, subtus secus nervos pubescentibus, petiolatis; floribus
masculis pedunculatis, staminibus 12, glabris, inequalibus ; floribus femineis solitariis, pedun-
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 189
culatis, calyce 4-partito, lobis lanceolatis acutis, staminodiis 0, ovario rufo-hispido, 4-loculart,
loculis 1-ovulatis.
Gunisanthus pilosulus, Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 220 (1844).
A tree or shrub; branches terete, fulvo-pubescent when young, afterwards glabrescent
and cinereous. Leaves narrowly elliptical or obovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, somewhat
narrowed at base, alternate, thinly coriaceous, glabrous and shining above with depressed
eae oe eae rae beneath and ciliate when young, glabrescent except the
tin. long by 1—l}in. wide; petioles about fin. long, pubescent when
young ; Tateral yeins not conspicuous.
é. Flowers on the young shoots, tetramerous, pilose, about 3 in. long, on slender
peduncles about $ in. long; calyx } in. long, lobes deep lanceolate acute lax; corolla rather
slender, tube aie upwards {—} in. long, lobes lanceolate acute rather longer than the
tube, at length spreading; stamens 12, glabrous, very unequal, ,,—1 in. high, inserted on
the receptacle, filaments often geniculate, anthers about , in. rec
y . Flowers solitary, on the young shoots, rather slender; peduncles 1—} in. long, pubescent,
articulated at the apex to the flower, without bracts, tapering downwards in fruit; calyx of
the young fruit 4-partite, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, lobes lanceolate, }—1in. long,
spreading, acute; corolla deeply 4-fid, silky outside, tube cylindrical, narrowed upwards,
shorter than the pe lobes acute; young fruit rufous-hispid, 4-celled; staminodes 0; style
very short, covered by the hairs of the ovary; stigmas 2, glabrous; ovary 4-celled, cells
1-ovuled.
Among the mountains of Silhet, Wallich!; Pegu, Dr Brandis /, local name Gjut.
49. DIOSPYROS SUBERIFOLIA, Decaisne MSS. in Hb. Mus. Paris.
D. folits alternis, ovalibus vel obovato-oblongis, apice rotundatis emarginatis vel apiculatis,
basi obtusis, subtus subtomentosis, margine minute repando-crenulatis, subsessilibus ; floribus
masculis pubescentibus, pedunculis axillaribus, 1—2-nis, 1-floris, basi e bractearum nidulo ex-
orientibus, calyce 5-partito, corollé urceolatd, breviter 5—6-dentatd, stuminibus circiter a) antheris
hispidulis, filamentis glabris, ovarii rudimento hirsuto.
Stems dark-cinereous, rough, glabrescent, softly subtomentose when young. Leaves oval
or obovate-oblong, alternate, coriaceous, subsessile, softly sub-tomentose at least beneath,
slightly convex from above, rounded emarginate or apiculate at apex, rounded or somewhat
narrowed at base, margins minutely repand-crenulate, 1—3 in. long by }—1}in. wide, net-
veins not very conspicuous; petioles very short.
é- Flowers pedunculate, axillary; peduncles solitary or 2 together, arising from a nest
of bracts at base, pubescent, tin. long or more; calyx 5-partite, pubescent outside, glabrous
inside, ;4in. long, lobes ovate; corolla urceolate, shortly or irregularly 5—6-lobed, puberulous
outside, glabrous inside, 3;in. long; stamens 21 (one of which is very thin) in one case,
inserted on the receptacle or some at the very base of the corolla, some in pairs; anthers
hispidulous upwards, lanceolate-linear, apiculate; filaments very short, slender, glabrous; ovary
rudimentary, hairy.
Cultivated in hort. Paris.!; supposed to have been brought from Chili.
190 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
50. Drospyros sQUARROSA, Klotzsch in Peters Mossamb. I. p. 184 (1862).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, utrinque rotundatis vel obtusis, tenwiter coriaceis, breviter
pubescentibus presertim secus nervos vel subglabrescentibus, petiolatis; floribus femineis acxil-
laribus, solitariis, pedunculatis, tetrameris; calyce profunde 4-fido, corolld 4-partitd, parti-
tionibus obtusis, patentibus, subglabris, staminodiis 0, ovario subgloboso, glabro, 8-loculart ;
stylis 4, bifidis; fructibus subglobosis nitidis, calycis fructifert lobis dependentibus, seminibus
compressis.
A tree, or much branched shrub, with young shoots delicately hispid, virgate; branches
glabrescent, terete, spreading at about 80°. Leaves elliptical or somewhat obovate, alternate,
thinly coriaceous, rounded at both ends or sometimes narrowed; with scattered patent pubescence
or subglabrescent, subnitescent above; paler, with patent pubescence, rufous and denser on
midrib and lateral veins beneath; patent, delicately reticulated, 14—3} in. long by 3—2 in.
wide; petiole ~,—+in long, pubescent.
?. Flowers axillary, solitary, drooping, tetramerous; peduncles recurved, }—1 in. long,
patently pubescent; bracts caducous, at about middle of peduncle, lanceolate, #,in. long;
ealyx covered with short appressed tawny hairs on both sides, loosely hemispherical, } in.
long, with 4 deep oval or ovate lobes; corolla 4-partite, openly cup-shaped or rotate nearly
glabrous, but with scattered pale appressed hairs along middle of lobes; lobes reflexed, about
3 in. long, obtuse; stamens 0; ovary glabrous, somewhat 4-sided, qb in. high, 8-celled, cells
l-ovuled; styles 4, glabrous, bifid to about middle, not persistent on fruit; fruit glabrous,
somewhat 4-sidedly globular, about 2 in. high; fruiting calyx with pendent lobes, not accrescent.
Africa, R. Zambezi at Senna (left bank), and Rivoque near Tette, January, in @ flower
and fruit, local name “Mutshenje tuna tuna,” Sechuana dialect, Dr Kirk !; Sena, Dr
Peters !, in hedges near water-courses.
51. Drospyros PANICULATA, Dalz. in Kew Journ. Bot. rv. p. 109. n. 1 (1852), Bedd. Ie.
Pl. Ind. Or. (Pt. vit.) p. 25. t. 125 (1871).
D. foliis oblongis, alternis, utrinque obtusis, glabris, subcoriaceis vel submembranaceis,
reticulatis, petiolatis ; floribus masculis numerosis paniculatis pentameris fuligineo-pubescentibus,
calycis lobis foliaceis reticulato-venosis, staminibus 20 geminatis glabris; floribus femineis
solitariis pedunculatis pentameris; fructibus ovoideis glanduloso-hirsutis, 4-locularibus, calyce
aucto plicato.
A middle-sized or large tree with glabrous somewhat angular branches. Leaves oblong,
alternate, thinly subcoriaceous or submembranous, narrowed rounded or obtusely acuminate
at apex, but little narrowed at base, highly reticulated, with veins, except the midrib, in
relief on both sides, 4—9 in. long by 14—3}in. wide; petioles }—}in long; net-veins
pellucid when young.
g. COymes paniculate, many-flowered, in axils of fallen leaves, pubescent with fuliginous
hairs, 1—1} in. long; flowers 2—}in long. Calyx 5-partite shortly nigro-puberulous on both
sides, } in. long, lobes foliaceous, widely oval, obtuse, net-veined, with a callous internal keel
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 191
and margins widely reflexed. Corolla pentagonal, fuliginous-hairy outside, glabrous inside, 5-fid,
constricted in the middle; lobes oval, spreading in flower or reflexed. Stamens 20, glabrous, in
pairs, the inner ones rather shorter, inserted on the disk or on the corolla; filaments short;
ovary 0.
@. Fruit solitary, axillary, on strong peduncles 4—3in. long, erect-patent; bracts
caducous, large, ovate, about middle of peduncle; calyx glabrescent; fruit ovoid, 3—1}in.
long, rounded at apex, tipped with remains of style, with mixed fuliginous and ferruginous
hairs and glands, 3—4-celled ; fruiting calyx 5-lobed, accrescent, 5-partite, }—2in. high, more
or less plicate, umbilicate below, lobes much widened auricled and imbricated at base, forming
5 dependent processes.
Tallewarru, Canara Ghauts, Dr Ritchie! 1884, a large tree in fruit, May; Syhadree
mountains, near Chorla Ghat, Bombay, Dalzell / 2—3000 ft. alt.; Anamallays, Major Beddome/
285 (young fruit 4-celled, cells 1-ovuled or -seeded, style $in. long, glabrous above, lobed
at apex). -
52. DI0sPYROS GRACILIPES, sp. nov.
D, foliis alternis, ovalibus vel ovatis, apice seepius acuminatis, obtusis, bast angustatis,
glabris, coriaceis, reticulatis, breviter petiolatis; jloribus femineis lateralibus, secus ramos
vetustiores vel ramulos dispositis, tetrameris, pedunculis gracilibus, aggregatis, 1-floris, calyce
4-fido, pubescente, ovario breviter pubescente, S-loculari; fructibus oblongis obtusis, calyce fructi-
Jfero aucto patente coriaceo.
From a shrub 10 feet high to a large tree, glabrous except the extremities and inflo-
rescence; branches at 25"—35°. Leaves alternate, oval ovate or nearly oblong, obtuse,
usually acuminate at the apex, more or less narrowed at base, glabrous, coriaceous, of
the same (metallic) colour on both sides, reticulated, shining, 2—5in. long 3—3in. wide;
petioles =4|—1 im. long.
@. Peduncles slender, on young branches or clustered on the old wood, 1—1% in. long,
puberulous or glabrescent, 1-flowered, with small deciduous bracts below the middle; calyx
Zin. long, coriaceous, covered on both sides with close pale tawny pubescence, deeply
4-fid, with ovate-deltoid lobes dilated towards the base undulating at the margin and shortly
acuminate; ovary shortly hairy, ovoid-tetragonal, 8-celled, cells l-ovuled; styles 4, short;
fruiting calyx spreading, with very short pubescence on both sides, whitened within, 1}—11in.
across, 4-fid; fruit oblong, rounded at apex, ;5in. long, 4in. thick, nearly glabrous, whitened
in parts, 8-celled.
Madagascar, Bojer’; Forest Lomoumé, Nossi Be, Pervillé/! 275; East side, Chapelier! 82;
native name Ozou-matana.
53. DIoSPYROS GRACILIFLORA, sp. nov.
D. foliis ovalibus, alternis, apice anguste acuminatis, subcaudatis, basi cuneatis, firmiter
submembranaceis, costdé utrinque puberuld, ceterum glabris, breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis
solitariis, gracillimis, gracillime pedunculatis, tetrameris ; staminibus 8, glabris, ovaria rudimento
glabro.
192 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Branches slender, terete, puberulous, leafy; leaves oval or somewhat obovate, alternate,
narrowly acuminate or subcaudate at apex, cuneate at base, shining, firmly submembranous,
glabrous except the midrib which is puberulous on both sides and depressed above, 14—44 in.
long by 3—1}in. wide; veins inconspicuous above, lateral veins few; petioles 3{—;5 in.
long, puberulous.
g. Flowers solitary, very slender, 3in. long, on very slender remotely setulose peduncles
}2 in. long, which arise from small bracts on the young branches; calyx jin. long, cam-
panulate, 4fid, puberulous outside, glabrous inside, ciliate, lobes rounded; corolla narrowly
tubular (in bud), 2in. long by 3; in. thick, deeply 4-fid, glabrous, somewhat constricted below
lobes ; lobes obtuse, much contorted; stamens 8, biseriate, glabrous, unequal, anthers oblong,
filaments more or less connate at base into hypogynous ring; ovary rudimentary, glabrous.
Borneo, O. Beccari/ n. 1560.
54. Diospyros PERVILLEI, sp. nov.
D. foliis anguste ovalibus, alternis, apice acuminatis, basi cuneatis, glabris, coriaceis,
unicoloribus, petiolatis, nervis gracillimis; fructibus 1—3-nis, rigide cymosis, subglobosts,
subglabris, nitidis, plurilocularibus, calyce aucto, reflexo, coriaceo, 4-partito, nervoso.
A tree 40 feet high, very nearly glabrous in all its parts; branches at about 50°.
Leaves alternate, narrowly elliptical, acuminate at apex, narrowed at base, glabrous, coria-
ceous, of same (metallic) colour on both sides, shining, about 6in. by 2—2#in. wide; petioles
about jin. long, strong; veins numerous, slender.
@. Cymes about 3-flowered, rigid in fruit, common peduncle 4—in. long, fruiting
pedicels 1—4in. long; fruiting calyx 4-partite, coriaceous, veined, lobes reflexed, oblong, rounded
at apex, 3—lin. long by }—%in. wide. Fruit subglobose, 1 in. long by in. thick, nearly
glabrate but with a few scattered short appressed weak hairs, shining, with remains of 4
styles at apex, S-celled and -seeded (?); seeds Zin. long, albumen not ruminated (?).
Madagascar, Nossi Be, Perwillé/ 525.
55. DIospyROS DICTYONEURA, sp. nov.
D. foliis ovali-oblongis, alternis, glabris, apice, acuminatis, basi parum angustatis vel sub-
rotundatis, coriaceis, utrinque reticulatis, nitentibus, petiolatis; floribus masculis pentameris,
cymosis ; cymis uncialibus, multifloris, axillaribus; calyce partito, bast plicato ; corolld tubulosd,
carnosa ; staminibus 20, plerisque binis, antheris linearibus glabris, filamentis brevibus hispidis.
Shoots terete, softly puberulous. Leaves alternate, oval-oblong, acuminate at apex, slightly
narrowed or slightly subrotundate at base, glabrous, coriaceous, shining, with raised well-
marked net-veins on both sides, 6—7in. long by 24—23 in. wide; midrib depressed above ;
margins recurved ; petioles stout, wrinkled, 3—} in. long.
é. Cymes axillary, lin. long exclusive of the flowers, many-flowered, pubescent ; flowers
pubescent, pentamerous; calyx about Zin. broad and high, partite, plicate at base, lobes ovate-
deltoid, sides sometimes plicate towards base, subobtuse, shortly pubescent on both sides;
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 193
corolla glabrous inside, }in. long, shortly 5-fid, lobes rounded ; stamens 20, mostly in pairs,
subequal; anthers linear glabrous, filaments very short, hispid, more or less combined at base.
Ovary rudimentary, represented by a bunch of hairs.
Borneo, O. Beccari/ 2542, 2615.
56. DIOSPYROS ASTEROCALYX, sp. noy.
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, apice breviter acuminatis, bast obtusis, glabris, coriaceis, subtus
conspicue reticulatis, petiolatis; floribus femineis racemosis tetrameris, racemis 5—7-floris, bast
bracteatis ; calyce profunde 4-lobo, ferrugineo-velutino, stellato, lobis margine revolutis, corolld
urceolatd 4-jida ; staminodiis 3—4; ovario velutino, 8-loculari, loculis 1-ovulatis.
Buds and inflorescence ferruginous-velutinous, in other parts glabrate; leaves alternate,
oval, shortly acuminate at apex, obtuse at base, coriaceous, conspicuously net-veined beneath,
24—74in. long by 1£—3}in. wide; margins recurved; petioles }—?in. long.
Q. Flowers racemose; racemes 1—2} in. long, pedicels patent, unequal, ranging up to
$in. long, the lower ones the longer. Calyx thickly coriaceous, deeply 4-lobed, stellate, 3— in.
in diameter; lobes widely ovate but much revolute. Corolla widely urceolate, under } in.
high, 4-fid, lobes hairy on both sides, obtuse; staminodes 3 (in one case), glabrous, inserted at
base of corolla, alternate with its lobes. Ovary velutinous, ovoid, conical at apex, 8-celled,
cells 1-ovuled ; style very short, lobed at apex, velutinous; stigmas glabrous.
Borneo, O. Beccari/ n. 2612.
57. Diospyros HORSFIELDI, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus vel oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi subrotundatis vel obtusis,
glabrescentibus, tenuiter coriaceis, supra nitentibus depresso-venosis, subtus reticulatis, breviter
petiolatis ; cymis lateralibus vel azxillaribus, fuligineo-hispidis, calyce plicato, 4-lobo, corolld
urceolatd 4-lobd, staminibus 14—16 (in fl. fem. 12, sterilibus), antheris glabris, filamentis
hispidis, ovario in floribus femineis dense hispido, 8-loculari ; fructibus globosis.
Diospyros frutescens, Hasskarl, Plant. Javan. Rar. p. 467 (1848), non Blume.
Branches numerous, terete and glabrous, spreading at about 70°, green when young,
afterwards turning black. Leaves oblong or elliptical, alternate, soon quite glabrous, acuminate
at apex, somewhat narrowed or nearly rounded at base, with veins plainly depressed on
upper surface and in conspicuous relief beneath, shining above, thinly coriaceous, 4—9} in.
long by 1$—4} in. wide; petioles }—} in. long.
&. Cymes chiefly in the upper axils, fuliginous-hispid, bearing 3—5 flowers, drooping ;
peduncles ;3,—# in. long; pedicels j;—1in. long; bracts oval, leaf-like; flowers }—} in.
long; calyx 41—1in. long, 4-lobed, lobes ovate, plicate-connivent, thickened and fuliginous-
hispid on both sides over a lanceolate area proceeding from base to above the middle and
with broad membranous everted glabrous and green margins; corolla urceolate, tetragonal,
fuliginous-hispid outside, straw-coloured and glabrous inside, 4-lobed, lobes ovate, rather obtuse,
Vou. XII. Parr I. 25
194 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
reflexed; stamens 14—16, inserted at the base of the corolla or on the disk, often in pairs
united by their short hairy filaments; anthers glabrous; ovary rudimentary, minute.
9. Cymes corymbose, many-flowered, 1—3 in. long, frequently on older branches,
bracteate, fuliginous; flowers 2—4in. long; calyx 4—}in. long, like g but occasionally
5-partite; corolla tetragonal, 4-partite; staminodes 12, in one row, attached by their hairy
filaments to base of corolla, anthers glabrous; styles 4, short, spreading; ovary densely
hispid, with black and rufous mixed hairs, 8-celled; cells l-ovuled. Fruit globose, with
a central pit at apex around remains of styles, about 4— in. in diameter, black-hairy or
nearly glabrescent; fruiting calyx reaching about }in. up fruit, lobes auricled at base.
Malacca, Griffith! 3620; Java, Dr Horsfield! Eben. 1 (1182) drawings n. 128 (pt.) im
Hb. Kew. ; Leschenault/ 1669; Perrottet !
58. Drospyros Borvini, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, ovato-lanceolatis vel-oblongis, apice obtuse acuminatis, basi cordatis, sub-
glabris, subcoriaceis, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis laxe cymosis, tomentoso-pubescentibus,
tetrameris, calyce campanulato, corolla 4-fidd, lobis late rotundatis, staminibus 12—14, glabris,
plerisque geminatis, ovariu rudimento pubescente.
Young branches and inflorescence ferruginous-pubescent ; shoots terete, shining, rather
dark. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate or -oblong, rather obtusely acuminate at apex
cordate at base, subcoriaceous, shining brown and nearly glabrous above with somewhat
sunken veins, rather paler and nearly glabrous beneath with somewhat ruddy raised mid-
rib and clear but not close net-veins, 24—6} in. long by 1—22 in. wide; petiole ;,—$ m.
long, thick, pubescent.
6. Cymes lax, many-flowered, near ends of branches, }—2 in. long, shortly hispid-
pubescent, ferruginous ; bracts lanceolate; flowers campanulate, $ in. long, tin. wide, tetra-
merous, tomentose-pubescent; calyx nearly 2 in. long, campanulate, shortly 4-lobed or
occasionally deeper, lobes depresso-deltoid, somewhat wavy; pubescent on both sides; corolla
just exceeding the calyx, 4-fid, ferruginous-velutinous outside, glabrous within, lobes widely
rounded, contorted sinistrorsely ; stamens (12 ex Baillon in note) 14! (in 2 flowers), glabrous,
mostly in pairs, nearly equal, inner ones rather shorter, 4 in. long, anthers oblong-linear,
din. long, dehiscing laterally ; ovary rudimentary, pubescent.
Madagascar, Voyage of DL Boivin! 1847—1852.
59. Ditospyros Lourerrtana, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. iv. p. 39. n. 22 (1837).
D. foliis alternis, oblongis vel obovato-oblongis, apice plus minus acuminatis, basi rotun-
datis vel subcordatis, glabrescentibus, ciliatis, submembranaceis, supra saturate- subtus flaves-
centi-viridibus, petiolatis ; pedunculis axillaribus sub-3-floris, glanduloso-pubescentibus, pedicellis
bast bracteis foliaceis ovatis glandulosis deciduis suffultis; calyce 4-fido in fructu aucto, corolla
urceolatd 4-lobd, staminibus 8 uniserialibus pilosis in fl. fem. effetis, ovario in jl. fem. 8-
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 195
loculari, tomentello, stylis 4; fructibus globosis uncialibus, seminibus oblongis, albwmine non
ruminato.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 239. n. 95 (1844).
Diospyros Lotus, Lour. Fl. Cochin. p. 226. n. 1 (1790), non Linn. nec Blanco.
Diospyros macrocalyx, Klotzsch in Peters Mossamb. p. 182 (1862), non Alph. DC.
A shrub 2—8ft. high or small tree with young parts and inflorescence glandular-
puberulous and with a few scattered pilose hairs. Leaves alternate, oblong or obovate-
oblong, submembranous, weakly pubescent on the veins and ciliate on the margins when
young, glabrescent, obtuse rounded or subcordate at base, more or less acuminate at apex,
1} to 4im. long by 3—2,3,in. wide, besides petiole }—%,in. long; flowers subhermaphrodite
or polygamous, drooping; calyx foliaceous.
é. Cymes 3- or few-flowered, glandular-hairy ; peduncles +—},in. long, twice the length
of the pedicels, bearing ovate cordate sessile bracts at apex; flowers about 1 in. long; calyx green,
about }in. long with 4 deltoid lobes about #;in. deep, glandular-pubescent (closed in specimen),
valvate in estivation; corolla deeply 4-lobed, somewhat pubescent outside, urceolate, white ;
lobes contorted in zestivation’; stamens 8, in one row, inserted at base of corolla, subsessile,
pilose, lanceolate ; ovary ovoid-conical or subglobose, puberulous, abortive or 8? -celled, sur-
mounted by a 4-lobed style.
9 Cymes about 3- or many-flowered, about 2—1 in. long, glandular-hairy; peduncle about
iin. long; flowers like the g ; staminodes 8, puberulous; ovary globose, shortly tomentose,
8-celled, cells l-ovuled; styles 4, included in the corolla; fruit globose, about lin. in dia-
meter, puberulous or glabrate, 4-celled, 4-seeded. Fruiting calyx accrescent, deeply 4-lobed,
more or less covering the fruit, about lin. long; lobes ovate, subglabrate, dilated and widely
subcordate at base. Fruiting peduncle strong, {—}in. long; pedicels about 1in. long;
seeds lin. long, oblong, embryo fin. long; cotyledons narrow, rather longer than the radicle;
albumen cartilaginous, not ruminated.
Local name in Sena (Mozambique) nhamodéma, according to Dr Klotzsch. The natives
use the roots to clean and dye their teeth red; fruits in January and February; grows
in the neighbourhood of Sena, Dr Peters/; Senna, Kirk! ; Rovuma River, Shiramba, Kirk! ;
between Lupata and Tette, Airk/; Quiloa, Kirk! ; Congo, Burton /; Angola, district Golungo
Alto, Welwitsch! No. 2535, frequent in thickets throughout the whole district, especially
in mountainous woods, fruit said to be edible; var. vernalis, leaves $—2in. long by 1—3 in.
wide, flowers solitary on shorter peduncles, fruiting calyx smaller, less foliaceous, a shrub
2—6 ft. high, Angola, district Golungo Alto, Welwitsch 25356. The characters approach
those of the genus Royena. A specimen in the herbarium of the British Museum without
flowers from Sierra Leone gathered by Afzelius! may possibly belong to this species.
60. Driospyros DENDO, Welw. MSS.
D. foliis alternis, ovali-oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi leviter angustatis, tenuiter coriaceis,
glabrescentibus, nitido-virentibus, persistentibus ; floribus brevissime cymosis, axillaribus, 5—6-
25—2
196 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEAS.
meris, diacis, calyce campanulato, utringue pubescente, 3 5—6-fido, 2 profunde lobato ;
corolla aperte campanulatd, glabra, g 5—6-fidd, lois reflexis, 9 profunde 5—6-fida; 6 sta-
minibus 20 vel 24, exsertis, subequalibus, geminatis, corolla medio inserts, pubescentibus ;
Q staminodiis 0, ovario ovoideo, glabro, 4-locularibus, loculis 1-ovulatis ; fructibus subglobosis,
glabris, 2-spermis ; seminibus sub-hemisphericis, albumine non ruminato ; calyce fructifero aucto,
patente.
Plate X. a. a male flowering branch, natural size. b. a male flower, magnified 3 dia-
meters. c. a male corolla laid open, shewing the stamens, magnified 3 diameters. d. a
pair of stamens, magnified 6 diameters. e. a female flowering branch, natural size. f. a
female flower, magnified 3 diameters. g. the same after the removal of the corolla, mag-
nified 3 diameters. h. a vertical section of the last, shewing ovules inside the ovary,
magnified 4 diameters. i. a fruiting branch, natural size. k. a fruit, natural size. l.m.
a seed, natural size, n. transverse section of a seed, natural size. o. embryo, magnified
6 diameters.
A tree 25—35 feet high, valuable as timber. Wood very black and hard in the centre.
Trunk 1—2 ft. in diameter. Branches terete, smooth, of dark brown colour, glabrescent ;
young parts shortly and closely fulvo-pubescent. Leaves alternate, elliptic-oblong, shortly and
obtusely acuminate at apex, slightly or scarcely narrowed at base, thinly coriaceous or sub-
membranous, darker above, shining, glabrescent or midrib and sometimes principal veins
puberulous on both sides, midrib depressed above; evergreen, 2—5}in. long by 1—23in.
wide; petioles 1—1in. long, puberulous; principal lateral veins distant, clear and slender
beneath, inconspicuous above, arching; tertiary veins transverse, slender. Internodes much
shorter than the leaves. Inflorescence axillary or slightly supra-axillary, shortly and closely
fulvo-pubescent, in short clustered several-flowered cymes. Flowers 5—6-merous, dicecious ;
pedicels short.
g. Flowers tin. long; calyx j;in. long, campanulate, 5—6-fid, shortly pubescent on both
sides, lobes ovate; corolla glabrous, 5—6-fid; tube campanulate; lobes jin. long, elliptical,
wholly reflexed, rounded at apex, contorted sinistrorsely in wstivation, Stamens 20, 24, ap-
pearing at the mouth of the open corolla, equal or subequal, biseriate, distinct, one pair
inserted alternate and another pair opposite to each corolla-lobe; inner series inserted slightly
below the outer about the middle of the corolla, that is, about the top of its tube;
anthers linear, erect, hairy, sessile or subsessile; pollen globular, smooth. Ovary rudimentary,
glabrous.
2. Flowers }in. long. Calyx campanulate, deeply 5—6-lobed, shortly pubescent on both
sides; lobes ovate-lanceolate; accrescent in fruit. Corolla openly campanulate, glabrous or
nearly so, deeply 5—6-fid; lobes oblong, erect or spreading, obtuse. Staminodes 0. Ovary
glabrous, obtusely conical, 4-celled, bilobed at apex; cells l-ovuled. Style 0; stigmas 2, com-
pressed, with thin margins. Fruit subglobose, glabrous, about }in. in diameter, 2-seeded. Seeds
sub-hemispherical, }in. in diameter; albumen white, not ruminated, cartilaginous; embryo
axile, }in. long, nearly straight; radicle j5in. long, bent near upper end; cotyledons ovate,
equal, thin, not veined. Fruiting calyx spreading, 1—1}in. across, puberulous; lobes ovate
or lanceolate, subobtuse.
See Welwitsch, Synopse das Amostras de Madeiras &c. p. 10 (1862).
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 197
W. Tropical Africa, Angola, Distr. Golunto Alto, frequent in dense primitive woods,
flowers from December to February, fruits in March, Dr Welwitsch! nos. 2537, 2588.
Native name Dendo or N-Dendo.
61. Drospyros (?) Cunaton, Alph. DC. Prodr. vi. p. 237 n. 79 (1844).
D. foliis alternis, late lanceolatis, apice obtusis, glabris, brevissime petiolatis, margine
revolutis ; floribus breviter racemoso-cymosis, calyce campanulato, lobis 4 rarius 5 rotundatis,
corolle lobis 4 profundis acutis, staminibus 8, corolle adnatis, 4 basi, 4 medio loborum;
ovario globoso, stylis 2; baccis globosis, 4-locularibus, loculis monospermis.
(Cunalon), Blanco, Flora de Filipinas pp. 304, 305 (1837).
A tree with erect and branching trunk. Leaves alternate, broadly lanceolate, obtuse
at apex, glabrous; the margins entire and reflexed; petioles very short. Flowers in small
racemose panicles. Calyx free, persistent, campanulate, with 4 or rarely 5 rounded lobes.
Corolla longer than the calyx, with 4 deep acute lobes. Stamens 8, inserted on the corolla,
4 at the base and the other 4 at the middle of the lobes; filaments shorter than the
corolla, compressed; anthers erect, acute. Ovary globose, enclosed within the flower; styles
2, linear, compressed; stigmas simple. Fruit baccate, globose, juicy, 4-celled; cells 1-seeded ;
seeds oblong, convex and canaliculate outside, angular inside, very hard and horny, and
“covered with a thin aril.”
Cebu, Philippine Islands, Blanco, loc. cit.
The leaves and fruit turn very black at maturity and are used by the islanders to
dye cloth. The black colour produced is good and fast and without notable smell. Flowers
in October. Called Cunalon in Bisayas, Philippine Islands.
62. DtIospyROS TETRASPERMA, Sw. Prodr. p. 62 (1788).
D. foliis alternis, anguste obovatis, apice obtusis, bast cuneatis, glabris, subcoriaceis, breviter
petiolatis; floribus masculis 3—4-nis, breviter cymosis, calyce campanulato, subglabrescente,
4- rarius 5-fido, corollé tubulosd, extus sericed, breviter 4-fidd, staminibus 8, glabris, gemi-
natis ; floribus femineis solitariis, staminodiis 4, ovario conico, pubescente, 4-loculari, loculis
l-ovulatis, fructibus globosis, glabris, seminum albumine “radvato-striato quasi fibroso, car-
noso, albo.”
Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 678 (1800), Gaertn. f. Carp. iii, p. 138. t. 208 (1805), Alph. DC. Prodr.
Vill. p. 222. n. 1 (1844).
D. obovata, Jacq. Hort. Scheenbr. iii p. 34 t. 312 (1798), non Wight.
A shrub glabrous except the inflorescence and young parts; stem lin. thick; branches
pale, at about 40°; shoots slender, subvelutinous. Leaves alternate, oblanceolate-oblong or
obovate, subcoriaceous, the younger ones sometimes pellucid-punctate, cuneate at base into
short petiole, rounded or obtuse at apex, deep green above, paler beneath; veins raised
on both sides; 14—3in. long by }—1lin. wide; petioles =;—1in. long.
g flowers in 3—4-flowered cymes; cymes recurved, }in. long, with short appressed
hairs. Flowers about 41in. long. Pedicels very short. Bracts small, caducous. Calyx about
198 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA.
in. long, green, nearly glabrescent, campanulate, 4—5- usually 4-fid; lobes deltoid or rounded.
Corolla tubular, pale with appressed short hair outside, with 4 spreading obtuse lobes half
the length of the tube. Stamens 8, distinct, 2 alternating with each corolla-lobe, the
inner ones being shorter and inserted at very base of corolla-tube, or hypogynous, the outer
ones longer with filament and anther about equal and inserted rather above base of corolla
tube, or hypogynous; all glabrous. Ovary rudimentary, with short hairs.
2 flowers solitary, on erect peduncles about j4in. long; calyx and corolla as in ¢ ;
staminodes 4, alternating with corolla-lobes and inserted at base of its tube; ovary conical,
hairy, +-celled, 4-ovuled, continuous with hairy style which is 4-lobed and glabrous at apex.
Fruit globose, about tin. thick, pale, glabrous, 4-celled, 4-seeded. Fruiting calyx 4—5-fid,
not or scarcely accrescent, concave or somewhat spreading, glabrous. Fruiting peduncle j,—1in.
long, patent; seeds tin. long; testa rather rough; albumen not ruminated, but somewhat
striated in a radiated manner.
Jamaica, Mr March! No. 1190; Purdie! (g and @ fl. and fr., October); Swartz, é fl.
July; St Domingo, Jacguin, 3 fl. May; Cuba, teste Grisebach (the specimen Pl. Cub. Wright,
n. 348, has a somewhat different foliage and fruit-calyx).
63. Diospyros CARTHEI, sp. noy.
D. foliis alternis, elliptico-oblongis, utrinque obtusis, glabris, coriaceis, petiolatis ; floribus
masculis sub-5-nis, subsessilibus, confertis, axillaribus, tubulosis, ferrugineo-pubescentibus, 4—6-
fidis, calyce campanulato, corolld gracili; lobis obtusis, staminibus 8, inequalibus, ovarit
rudimento piloso.
Glabrous and dark except inflorescence and buds; branches terete. Leaves elliptic-
oblong, alternate, coriaceous, not pellucid-punctate, of same colour on both sides, 4—4 in,
long by 18—1Zin. wide; petioles 3in. long, spreading.
g. Flowers about 5 together, subsessile, crowded, axillary, tubular, slender, }—?in.
long, ferruginous-pubescent, the colour greenish beneath the hairs; calyx {in. long, cam-
panulate, 4—6- (5—6!) -fid; lobes lanceolate. Corolla 4-fid, slender, {—{in. long, ferru-
ginous-hairy outside, constricted in midrib; lobes imbricated, obtuse. Stamens 8, unequal
by shorter or longer filaments, glabrous, ;4;—tin. long, anthers dehiscing longitudinally
along their sides; pollen ellipsoidal. Ovary rudimentary, represented by hairs.
Manila, Philippine Islands, Carthe/
64. DIoSPYROS POLYALTHIOIDES, Korthals MSS. in Hb. Ludg. Batay. Eben. nn. 5—9, 12—14,
D. foliis alternis, oblongis, apice acutd acuminatis, basi obtusis, tenuiter coriaceis, supra
glabris, subtus subglabris ; floribus masculis, aggregatis, breviter cymosis, axillaribus, oblongis,
sericeis, calyce campanulato, 4—5-fido, corolld tubulosd, breviter 4-fidd, lobis obtusis patentibus,
staminibus 8, glabris, receptaculo insertis, ineequalibus ; floribus femineis axillaribus, breviter
cymosis; fructibus subsolitariis, breviter pedunculatis, globosis, pubescentibus, 8-locularibus ;
calyce fructifero aucto, profunde 4-lobo, ampliato, lobis undulatis, latis, erectis.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 199
Diecious. Shoots ferruginous-pubescent, terete. Leaves oblong, alternate, obtusely nar-
rowed or nearly rounded at base, acutely acuminate at apex, thinly coriaceous, glabrous and
rather shining above except the depressed midrib, nearly glabrous beneath except the
midrib and weak siender lateral veins, 6—8 in. long (besides hairy petiole -3,—% in. long)
by 13—2} in. wide; margins just recurved; lower surface somewhat red; not pellucid-
punctate; a few dark depressed glands usually exist on the lower surface, especially near
the base and in the fruiting specimens.
¢. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, sericeous-ferruginous, ;;— 3; in. long (excluding the
flowers; pedicels about ; in. long; bracts small. Flowers sericeous, about }in. long in bud,
crowded. Calyx nearly } in. long, campanulate, 4—5-fid; lobes deltoid or oval, hairy on
both sides; corolla shortly 4-fid, tubular; lobes obtuse, much imbricated in bud, oval, 4 in,
long; glabrous inside, spreading; tube constricted at the top. Stamens 8, glabrous, inserted
on the receptacle, unequal, combined more or less by their filaments at base; anthers linear,
acute (when young), longer than their filaments. Ovary 0. Rarely a flower is trimerous.
2. Cymes axillary, about } in. long, sericeous-ferruginous, bearing 3—many flowers; bracts
caducous; pedicels }in. long. Calyx plicate, 2 im. high, longer than the corolla. Flowers
4—5-merous. Fruit subsolitary, on peduncles }—{ in. long, enclosed when young by accres-
cent deeply 4-lobed calyx; fruit globose, ferruginous-hairy, about } in. in diameter (perhaps
not mature), 8-celled, (8-ovuled), 8-seeded. Pericarp rather thick ; dissepiments thin. Fruiting
calyx ?in. high, deeply 4-lobed, hairy on both sides; ample at the sinuses; lobes widely
ovate with margins wavy, wide at base.
Borneo, Korthals /
Plate VII. A branch in male flower, natural size. a. Calyx laid open and stamens, the
corolla having been removed, magnified 3 diameters. 06. A branch in young fruit, natural
8vZé.
65. Diospyros KiRki, sp. noy.
D. foliis ovalibus, alternis, utrinque rotundatis, coriaceis, velutinis, petiolatis; floribus
masculis axillaribus, breviter cymosis, 4- rarius 5-meris, calyce campanulato, sepius 4-fido,
corolla tubulosd, breviter 4-lobd, staminibus 9—10, glabris, inequalibus ; floribus femineis soli-
tariis, breviter pedunculatis, staminodiis 8, ovario globoso, 4-loculari, fulvo-tomentoso, loculis
l-ovulatis ; fructibus edulibus.
A fruit-tree with young shoots ferruginous-tomentose-puberulous; branches cinereous
glabrescent, terete. Leaves elliptical or oval-oblong, alternate, coriaceous, rounded at both
ends; velutinous-puberulous, sub-nitescent above with delicate slightly raised veins; velutin-
ous-pubescent fulvous beneath with raised rufous midrib and lateral veins; 14—4 in. long
by $—21 in. wide; petioles hairy +—1} in. long.
g. Inflorescence axillary, in several-flowered cymes, rufous-tomentose, raised on pe-
duncles about 3 in. long, with short pedicels, bracteate; flowers -3, in. long, tetramerous or
rarely pentamerous; calyx , in. high ferruginous-velutinous outside, appressedly hairy inside,
4-fid, campanulate, rarely with 5 unequal lobes; corolla inflated-tubular, with 4 short ovate
patent lobes, glabrous inside; stamens 9, 10, glabrous, inserted at base of corolla or on recep-
tacle, unequal, on short filaments; ovary 0.
200 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. :
@. Flowers solitary, on short peduncles, ,% in. high; fulvo-velutinous ; calyx 4—5-lobed,
2in. long; with lanceolate erect lobes ;3—,; in. deep, hairy on both sides; corolla trun-
cately conical, with 5 (or 4?) very short spreading obtuse lobes, glabrous inside; staminodes
8, inserted at base of corolla and 1 on receptacle (in flower examined), glabrous; ovary
fulvous-velutinous, globular, 4-celled with 2 styles hairy at base; cells l-ovuled; stigmas
glabrous, lobed; young fruit fulvo-velutinous, with calyx-lobes appressed or erect; pulp of
fruit good when made into a cake.
Africa, Zambesia, aboye Tette, common. Dr Kirk!
66. DrIospyROS VELUTINA, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus vel oblongis, coriaceis, subtus fulvo-velutinis interdum pubescen-
tibus et pellucido-punctatis, petiolatis; floribus masculis ternis, breviter cymosis, 3—4-meris,
ferrugineo-hirsutis ; calyce campanulato, 3—4-fido, lobis obtusis, corolld tubulosd, 3—4-lobd,
staminibus 12, glabris, inequalibus; floribus femineis solitariis breviter pedunculatis, calyce
3—5-lobo, corolld 4-lobd, ovario dense fulvo-sericeo, subgloboso, 8-loculari; stylis 4; fructibus
globosis, albumine non ruminato.
A diccious shrub about 6 feet high or small tree; shoots, leaves especially on the
under-side, and inflorescence ferruginous-velutinous; branches glabrescent, terete, shining,
spreading at about 60°. Leaves oval or oblong, somewhat narrowed (sometimes acutely), obtuse,
rounded or even cordate at either or both ends, coriaceous, shining and comparatively gla-
brescent above with (in some specimens) more or less depressed veins, densely ferruginous-
velutinous beneath, or in some specimens becoming less hairy and then with small pellucid
dots, alternate, 1}—6 in. long by {—2} in. wide; petioles }—4 in. long, ferruginous-velutin-
ous. Inflorescence short, axillary, ferruginous-velutinous; bracts narrow, caducous.
" g. Flowers usually 3 together, on peduncles ;4,— , in. long, trimerous or the central
ones tetramerous, about } in. long; calyx 1 in. long, ferruginous-velutinous outside, glabrous
inside, 3- or 4-fid, with obtuse lobes; corolla ferruginous-sericeous, 3- or 4- lobed, tubular,
nearly } in. long, lobes 1—1 in. deep, oval, glabrous inside, spreading; stamens 12, glabrous,
some in pairs, unequal in the pairs, the inner ones the shorter; filaments short, anthers
linear-oblong; ovary ferrugineous-hairy, rudimentary.
©. Flowers and peduncles solitary, ferruginous, hairy; peduncles $—,5;in. long; flowers
2in. long; calyx 4, im. long by } im. wide, 3—5-lobed; lobes } in. deep by } in. wide, fer-
ruginous-tomentose on both sides, rounded or deltoid, cordate at base, with undulating sides,
often emarginate at apex, with central boss inside near base; corolla shortly tubular with 4
short acute spreading lobes; staminodes 2 (in one case), glabrous; ovary densely fulvo-
sericeous, subglobose, 8-celled, with a short neck terminated by 4 styles; cells 1-ovuled;
stigmas emarginate. Fruit globose, shining, pale, glabrate, except at the apex, about 5-celled
and 5-seeded, pulpy, }—} in. thick; seeds about gin. long, enveloped in pulp considered
by Mr Miers, in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. ii. vol. vitt. p. 164 (1851), to be of the nature of
an aril, not however in the dried state suggesting such an origin; fruiting calyx 3—4-
lobed, spreading, tomentose, ;4—} in. across; lobes more or less emarginate, especially in the
trimerous ones; albumen horny, not ruminated, but (in some specimens) obscurely striate
in a radiating manner.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA, 201
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Jurujuba Bay, Mr Miers! 3709; Serra de Araripe, Gardner !
1512 (g fl. Sept.); between Franqueira and Canariera, Gardner! 2284 (albumen radiately
striate, fruit in March); New-Granada, Prov. Mariquita, Piedros, banks of Magdalena, 1300 ft.
alt. Triana! 2612; Mexico, Carmen and neighbourhood, Dr Warra! 226 (plant in young
fruit with acute leaves and calyx 3-fid having pointed lobes). Possibly 2 or 3 different
species are here described together. Cfr. Maba inconstans, Griseb. which is like this plant
in some states.
67. DIOSPYROS PLECTOSEPALA, sp. nov.
D. folis alterns, ovalibus, apice acuminatis, bast angustatis, subglabris, tenuiter coriaceis,
breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis brevissime cymosis, axillaribus, pentameris, hirsutis, brac-
teatis, campanulato-oblongis, calyce profunde lobato, lobis rotundis valde contortis, corolle lobis
ovalibus obtusis, stanvinibus 12 glabris inequalibus, ovarti rudimento hirsuto.
Branches terete, sparsely hispid with mixed brown and black short hairs. Leaves alternate,
oval, acuminate at apex, somewhat narrowed at base, thinly coriaceous, scattered especially
beneath with a few inconspicuous appressed short stiff hairs, 1}—44 in. long by 4—12 in.
wide, dark green above; lateral veins few, delicate; petioles }—+4 in. long, hispid.
6. Flowers few or several together, im very abbreviated hispid axillary cymes, penta-
merous, $ in. long, campanulate-oblong; bracts small. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, scarcely half the
length of the flower, hirsute outside, glabrous inside, lobes round, much imbricated, cordate at
base. Corolla densely hirsute outside with pale appressed hairs, glabrous inside, 5-fid; lobes
oval, obtuse. Stamens 12, glabrous, unequal, hypogynous or inserted at very base of corolla.
Ovary minute, rudimentary, hairy.
Borneo, O. Beccari/ n. 3225.
68. Dtospryros stricta, Roxb. Cat. Pl. Fl. Ind. p. 93 (1818).
D. trunco stricto, apice tantum ramoso; foliis alternis, ovato-oblongis, apice valde acumi-
natis, basi subrotundis, submembranaceis, ciliatis, subtus sparse pubescentibus, breviter petiola-
tis; cymis masculis brevissimis, 3—6-floris, bracteatis, floribus subsessilibus, 4-meris, hirsutis,
calyce parvo, profunde lobato, corollé urceolato-oblongd, staminibus 14—16, glabris ; fructibus
solitariis, breviter pedunculatis, obovoideis, bast conicis, glabris; seminibus oblongis, albumine
non ruminato.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 40 (1814); Fl. Ind. edit. 1832, 11. p. 589. n. 14; Drawings no. 2507 in
Hb. Kew; Wall. List n. 4121 (1828—32); Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 232. n. 47 (1844).
A tall slender conical tree with a trunk perfectly straight, as in firs, to the very top;
branches spreading at 40°, terete; young shoots subtomentose, covered with dull tawny patent ,
short hairs, glabrescent. Leaves ovate-oblong, much acuminate at apex, obtuse at base, sub-
membranous, alternate, erect-patent, pubescent beneath, ciliate, glabrous above except on the
midrib, 2—34 in. long by about 1 in. wide; petioles about } in. long, pubescent; veins incon-
spicuous especially on upper face.
Vou. XII. Part I. 26
202 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
$. Flowers } in. long, 3—6 together, crowded and subsessile on short pubescent cymes
about the length of the petioles, tetramerous. Bracts numerous, hairy, at base of very short
pedicels. Calyx tawny-hirsute outside, small, ;4, in. long, with 4 deep ovate apiculate lobes,
glabrous inside. Corolla salver-shaped, 3, in. long, tawny-hirsute, much contracted towards
top of tube; tube inflated below, 3 in. long; lobes oval, patent or reflexed, shorter than the
tube. Stamens 14—16, glabrous, single, about half the length of the corolla-tube, most in-
serted in one row at base of corolla and nearly equal, some inserted on the disk; filaments
about as long as the anthers. Receptacle convex.
@. Fruit solitary, on patent peduncles which are about } in. long and thicker towards
the apex and continuous with sinall tawny-hairy shortly 4-lobed calyx. Fruit egg-shaped
but somewhat conical towards base, 1} in. long by ;% in. thick, unequally 4?-celled, glabrous.
Seeds oblong, albumen not ruminated.
East Bengal, Tipperah, Roxburgh (4 fl. March); Griffith! 3624 (in fruit); Chittagong,
Drs J. D. Hooker and T. Thomson!; Silhet, &e. Roxburgh, Hort. Beng. p. 40.
69. DrospyRos ERIANTHA, Champ. in Kew Journ. Bot. Iv. p. 302 (1852).
D. foliis distichis, oblongo-lanceolatis, apice acuminatis, basi obtusis, tenuiter coriaceis,
supra nitidis, subtus secus venas pilosis, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis 1—3-nis, axil-
laribus, subsessilibus, bast bracteatis, tetrameris, hirsutis, calyce profunde lobato, corolld hypocra- ;
teriformi, lobis lanceolatis, acuminatis, patentibus, staminibus 14—16, glabris; floribus femineis
solitariis, staminodus 8, wuserialibus, glabris, ovario villoso, 4-loculari, loculis 1-ovulatis ; fruc-
tibus oblongis, subglabratis, monospermis, albumine non ruminato.
Benth. Fl. Hongkongens. p. 210. n. 2 (1861).
A small tree, with young shoots; margins, mid-rib and lateral veins of underside of leaves
and inflorescence covered with stiff appressed rusty pubescence; branches spreading at about
35°, glabrescent, terete. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, much acuminate at apex, obtuse or nearly
rounded at base, distichous, thinly coriaceous, shining and with slight depressed inconspicuous
midrib and lateral veins above; ruddier and with raised and rather conspicuous midrib and
lateral veins beneath; 24—44 in. long by 3—1} in. wide; petioles };—% im. long, pubescent
when young. Bracts much imbricated, numerous, especially in @, concealing the very short
peduncle and young flowers, pubescent when young, wide, rounded or obtusely narrowed.
g. Flowers subsolitary, 1—3 together, axillary, not nodding, subsessile, tetramerous,
in. long. Calyx deeply 4fid, } in. long, with lanceolate hirsute lobes. Corolla tubular,
salver-shaped, hirsute outside, glabrous inside, 4-lobed, white; tube ;';in. long; lobes #; in,
long, spreading, acuminate, lanceolate, imbricated sinistrorsely. Stamens 14—16, inserted in
pairs at base of corolla, glabrous; anthers acuminate; the interior filaments shorter, the
outer ones longer. Ovary rudimentary, small.
2. Flowers solitary, subsessile, tetramerous; calyx 3; in. long, like ¢. Corolla equal-
ling the calyx; lobes acute. Staminodes 8, glabrous, in one row. Ovary hairy, 4-celled ;
cells 1-ovuled; style bifid to the middle with contiguous emarginate lobes, glabrous except
at base. Fruit glabrate or nearly so, oblong, about 4 in. long, shining, 1-seeded. Fruiting
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA:. 203
calyx 2 in, long, with apiculate lobes, somewhat spreading. Albumen not ruminated ; embryo
straight.
Hong Kong, C. Wright! 64; in the Happy Valley woods, Champion! 133, 147; Borneo,
Korthals /
D. Teysmanni, Mig. in Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1. pp. 250, 583 (1860), belongs to the above
species; it however differs by rather smaller leaves with nearly or quite glabrous lateral veins
and with the upper surface paler than in the above species. Local name Kajoe-ngingeh. Near
Kabagoesan on the coast in Lampong, 8S. Sumatra, Zeijsmann /
70. Dtospyros VARIEGATA, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. vol. XL. pt. ii. p. 73. n. 95 (1871).
D. foliis oblongis, acutis vel acuminatis, tenuiter coriaceis, glabris, petiolatis ; floribus mas-
culis tetrameris, ternis vel paucis, in cymis axillaribus breviter pedicellatis, calyce puberulo, lobis
late oblongis obtusis, corolle tubo quam calyce paulum longiore, lobis ovatis acutis tubi longitudine,
staminibus circiter 16 inegualibus, antheris glabris.
Flora, 1871, p. 342.
A moderate-sized tree, quite glabrous except the buds. Leaves varying from elliptic-
oblong to oblong, usually rather unequal and but little narrowed at base, acute or acuminate,
entire, 5—10 in. long, thinly coriaceous, glabrous; petioles 1—} in. long, crass; lateral veins
prominent below; net-veins rather distant and conspicuous beneath.
g. Flowers yellow, tetramerous, in bud 1—,% in. long, elongated, very shortly pedicelled,
3 or few together, in axillary shortly-stalked minutely puberulous bracteated cymes, on young
usually leafless shoots, simulating racemes; bracts wide, rather acute, puberulous. Calyx
puberulous; lobes widely-oblong, obtuse, about }in. long. Corolla urceolate (-oblong?); tube
a little longer than the calyx; lobes ovate, acute, equalling the tube. Stamens about 16,
unequal, inserted at the base of the corolla; filaments short; anthers linear, cordate at the
base, acuminate, glabrous.
Peeu, Dr Brandis !
71. DIospyROS DASYPHYLLA, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. vol. XL. pt. i. p. 71. n. 92.
(1871).
D. foliis oblongis vel ovali-oblongis, apice acutis vel breviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel
subcordatis, chartacets, secus nervos puberulis, breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis tetrameris, in
cymis brevibus fulvo-pubescentibus axillaribus vel supra foliorum delapsorum cicatrices erum-
pentibus dispositis, calyce partito, lobis rotundatis, corolla tubulosd, paulum ampliatd, staminibus
circiter 16, filamentis valde inequalibus, ovarii rudimento fulvo-hirsuto.
Flora, 1871, p. 333.
A tree (?) with branchlets densely tawny-pubescent. Leaves varying from oblong to
oval-oblong, on petioles #;—} in. long, densely tawny-pubescent, rounded or subcordate at
base, acute or shortly acuminate, 4—6 in. long by 14—3 in. wide, chartaceous, with long cilia
when young, afterwards softly puberulous on the veins above and below.
26—2
204 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
g. Flowers in bud nearly 4 in. long, tetramerous, shortly pedicelled, arranged in short
tawny-pubescent cymes, axillary or above the scars of fallen leaves; bracts suborbicular, pu-
berulous, ciliated, about ;4;in. long. Calyx ferruginous-pubescent, lobed almost to the base;
lobes rounded, ciliated. Corolla-tube appressedly tawny- or ferruginous-pubescent, } in. long,
widely tubular; corolla-lobes equalling the tube, acute, oblong, canescent-velutinous outside.
Stamens about 16, inserted at the base of the corolla; filaments very unequal, some j;—} in.
long, but mostly very short; anthers oblong, acute. Ovary rudimentary, with tawny hairs.
Karen hills, Taipo mountains, Burmah (between Sitang Hills and Salween River), at
4000 ft. alt., Dr Brandis !
72. Diospyros BECCARII, sp. nov.
D. ramulis petiolis et inflorescentid ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; foliis alternis, ovali-oblongis,
apice acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel rarius parum angustatis, tenwiter coriaceis, superne glabris,
subtus ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; floribus femineis solitariis, subsessilibus, basi pluribracteatis,
axillaribus ; calyce 4-partito, lobis margine revolutis vel undulatis; corollé 4-fida, lobis obtusis;
staminodiis 8, glabris; ovario glabro, 4-loculari, loculis 1-ovulatis.
Young parts, petioles, underside of leaves and inflorescence ferruginous-pubescent ; shoots
longitudinally wrinkled. Leaves oval-oblong, narrowly acuminate, obtuse at apex, rounded or
rarely slightly narrowed at base, thinly coriaceous, glabrous above with indistinct veins, flat,
2—6 in. long by 1—24 in. wide; petioles stout, terete, }—} in. long.
. Flowers solitary, axillary, subsessile, with several caducous ovate bracts at base ;
bracts unequal, shorter than the calyx; calyx campanulate, {—3in. long, hairy on both
sides, 4-partite; lobes ovate, with reflexed or undulated margins; corolla (immature) 4-fid,
glabrous inside; lobes obtuse; staminodes 8, glabrous, equal, in one row; ovary glabrous,
ovoid, 4-celled, cells 1-ovuled.
Borneo, O. Beccari/ nn. 2492, 2591.
73. DIospyRos OLEIFOLIA, Wall. List n. 4128 (1828—32).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus vel oblongis apice obtuse acuminatis, basi angustatis, subco-
riaceis, glabrescentibus, utrinque levibus nitidisque, nervis subtilissimis impressis inconspicuis,
petiolatis ; floribus masculis ternis, breviter cymosis, tetrameris ; calyce extus glabro, intus to-
mentoso, lobis latis acutis, corolla urceolato-oblongd, lobis brevibus rotundatis, staminibus cir-
citer 20, ovarii rudimento pubescente ; fructibus solitariis, subglobosis.
DC. Prodr. vii. p. 239. n. 88 (1844); Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. vol. xu. Pt. m1.
p. 72. n. 94 (1871); Flora, 1871, p. 342.
A moderate-sized tree with dark bark, glabrous except young parts, which are fer-
ruginous-tomentose. Leaves alternate, oblong-elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at
both ends, 23—6—9 in. long by 1—2}—2%in. wide, subcoriaceous, pale, smooth and shining
on both sides, the yellowish midrib and inconspicuous veins all slightly depressed on the
upper surface ; petioles }—}—in. long; margins just recurved.
&é. Cymes drooping, 4—1 in. long, axillary, slightly pubescent, usually 3-flowered; com-
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 205
mon peduncle 4—Zin. long; pedicels 1—}in. long, hispidulous; flowers tetramerous, white.
Calyx nearly jin. long, glabrous outside, densely fulvo-tomentose inside; lobes wide, acute.
Corolla more than twice the length of the calyx, fulvo-tomentose outside; tube wide and
inflated, about }—,4in. long; lobes short, rounded; stamens about 20, inserted at the base
of the corolla and on the receptacle; filaments very short; anthers linear, acuminate, about
tin. long. Ovary rudimentary, minute, fulvo-pubescent.
Q. Fruit solitary, on young branches, very shortly pedunculate, sub-globose, 2
diameter, more or less rufous-pubescent, yellowish, in one case 3-celled and 3-seeded. Fruiting
calyx jin. long, 4fid (in one case 3-fid), tomentose inside, pubescent outside; lobes ovate-
deltoid.
Pegu, Dr Brandis, Kurz! no. 3012. Java, Wynkoopers Bay, Teijsmann (Malay name
Kayu arang); Amherst, Wallich! 4128, Anderson!, H. Falconer!, Herb. Hort. Bot. Cale.
No. 242.
in. in
74. DIOSPYROS FLAVICANS.
D. foliis alternis, ovali-oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi obtusis, tenuiter coriaceis, glabris,
breviter petiolatis; inflorescentid axillari, brevissime cymosdé, pauciflord, bracteis longis im-
bricatis, floribus 4—5-meris, calyce partito, corollé hypocrateriformi tetragond, lobis obtusis,
staminibus in flore masculo geminatis, 14—20, corolle basi insertis, glabris; ovario in flore
femineo glabro, tetragono-pyramidali, 4-loculari, loculis 1-ovulatis; fructibus oblongis, glabris.
Guatteria? flavicans, Wall. List, n. 7295 (1828—32).
A diccious shrub 8—10 feet high or small tree, with virgate terete and somewhat
-flexuous branches, appressedly ferruginous-pubescent as well as the leaves when young, gla-
brescent, spreading at about 50°. Leaves alternate, oval-oblong, usually much acuminate at
apex into a long obtuse point, somewhat narrowed at base, thinly coriaceous, 2—5}in.
long by {—2in. wide, besides petioles j,—1in. long; quickly glabrescent, somewhat shining
2
on both sides; midrib somewhat depressed and lateral veins not conspicuous on upper
surface, the latter clear and slender and anastomosing near margin beneath. Inflorescence
axillary, shortly cymose, ferruginous-pubescent, with long bracts, 1—several-flowered; flowers
white.
3 . Cymes very short; flowers clustered (or solitary); with short pedicels bearing long
lanceolate foliaceous bracts at base sometimes 4in. long. Calyx }—1in. long, pilose on
both sides, 4-partite or deeply lobed rarely 5-lobed, lobes ovate acute foliaceous, with plicate-
valvate sides, lax. Corolla salver-shaped, about double the length of the calyx, pubescent
outside, glabrous inside; tube tetragonal, 4—5-fid or partite. Stamens 14—16—18—20,
inserted at or near base of tube of corolla, in pairs, the inner shorter on bent filaments,
glabrous; anthers apiculate, equalling or shorter than the filaments; ovary 0.
9g. Cymes 1—few-flowered, }—1 in. long; bracts pubescent outside, glabrous inside, vary-
ing in size, leaf-like, at base of pedicels, {—tin. long. Calyx 3,—2in. long, pubescent
on both sides, 4-partite; lobes widely ovate, cordate, with undulated and recurved sides and
base, plicate, foliaceous. Corolla caducous. Ovary glabrous, tetragonally pyramidal, 4-celled,
terminated at apex by an erect glabrous bilobed style 4, in. long or shorter; cells 1-ovuled.
206 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
4
Fruit glabrous, oblong, {—1in. long by 4
2in. thick, obtusely tetragonal, rounded at apex
and terminated by remains of style, 4-celled. Fruiting calyx loosely embracing base of fruit,
in. high, deeply 4-fid ; margins wavy-reflexed.
Mergui, Tenasserim, Grifith! (Cfr. Notulz, vol. Iv. p. 291. n. 2. 1854) n. 3639; Malacca,
Grifith! Kew List 454, 3623; Penang, G. Porter! from the hills (Wall. List 7295);
(2) Tenasserim and Andamans, Herb Helfer! 3640; Malacca Maingay! 972, “8 Feb. 19,
1868, stamens 17—15, 9? testa subosseous.”
An instance of phyllomania occurs in a specimen probably of this species collected
by Helfer! n. 423, Tenasserim or Andamans.
75. DIOSPYROS SAPOTOIDES, Kurz MSS.
D. foliis alternis, obovato-ovalibus, apice breviter acuminatis, basi cuneatis, mox glabrescen-
tibus, tenuiter coriaceis, breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis aggregatis, subsessilbus, tetra-
meris, urceolato-oblongis, calyce profunde lobato, utrinque pubescente ; corolla 4-fida, lobis obtusis,
staminibus circiter 16, glabris, biserialibus, inequalibus, ovario rudimentario.
Branches terete, smooth. Leaves alternate, obovate-oval, shortly acuminate at apex,
cuneate at base, quickly glabrescent, thinly coriaceous, glaucescent (bluish green in dry
state) above, 3—10 in. long by 1{—3} in. wide; lateral vems 12—15 on each side the
midrib, arching and anastomosing near the margin; petioles }—3 in. long.
$. Flowers }in. long, urceolate-oblong, tetramerous, clustered, several together, sub-
sessile, in axillary nodose dense abbreviated cymes. Calyx about jim. long, openly campa-
nulate, hairy on both sides, deeply lobed; lobes cordate-ovate. Corolla 4-fid, hirsute outside
at least along 4 hairy lines on tube; lobes oval, rounded. Stamens 15—16, in two rows,
glabrous; inner row shorter. Ovary wanting.
Pegu; flowers in April, 8S. Kurz! n. 3013.
76. Drospyros AUREA, (?) Teijsmann et Binnendijk Pl. Nov. Hort. Bogor. in Nederl.
Kruidk. Arch. 11. p. 405 (1855).
D. ramis fastigiatis; foliis bifariis, elliptico-oblongis, breviter acuminatis, basi acute
angustatis, glabris, nitidis, tenwissime coriaceis, petiolis crassiusculis; floribus masculis aggre-
gatis subsessilibus tetrameris, calycis lobis deltoideis acutis, corolla tubulosd, lobis ovali-oblongis
patentibus, stuminibus 16, glabris, antheris apiculatis; floribus femineis solitarvis 4—5-meris,
staminodiis 10—11, “stigmate profunde 3-fido”; baccd globosd, aurantiacd.
Walp. Ann. v. p. 478 (1858).
A small tree; trunk 4feet high with fastigiate terete contiguous leafy branches which
form a dense head; young shoots petioles and pedicels ferruginous-puberulous as well as
the midrib of the leaves beneath. Leaves alternate, distichous, glabrescent, oval-oblong,
acuminate at apex, narrowed at base into petiole, very thinly coriaceous, shining, with
midrib depressed and lateral veins slightly raised above, 4—8}in. long by 1}—2}in. wide ;
petioles }—}in. long, rather thick,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA 207
& Flowers in very short many-flowered dense nodular cymes with very short pedicels,
in the axils of fallen leaves, }—3in. long, slender. Calyx }—1in. long, scattered with few
inconspicuous short ferruginous hairs, 4-fid; glabrous inside; lobes narrowly deltoid, acute,
spreading. Corolla tubular, 4-fid, glabrous except 4 lines of short hairs outside; tube }in.
thick in middle where it is slightly inflated; lobes oval-oblong, spreading. Stamens 16,
glabrous, unequal, inserted on the tube of the corolla a little above its base, gs—t in.
0
long; anthers ovate, apiculate, »,—,;in. long; the longer filaments exceeding the anthers,
in length. Ovary rudimentary, glabrous.
Q. Flewers axillary, glabrous, subsessile, of a golden colour, solitary; calyx 4—5-lobed,
with shallow rounded wide plicate lobes, glabrous. Corolla 4—5-fid, constricted at the apex,
scarcely twice the length of the calyx. Ovary 10-celled, glabrous. Staminodes 10—11.
Stigma deeply 3-fid (?). Fruit globose, $—%in. in diameter, of orange colour, tipped by
style, subsessile, with flat or reflexed calyx. Gum sometimes exudes from the young branches.
Java, Dr Horsjield/ Ebenacee nos. 3, 6; Bantam, Teijsmann and Binnendijk.
77. Diospyros nicRIcANs, Wall. List n. 6351 (1828—32).
D. foliis alternis ovali-oblongis, apice valde acuminatis, bast obtuse angustatis, firmiter
membranaceis, glabris, nitidis, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis 3—6-nis, axillaribus, bre-
vissime cymosis, subsessilibus, tetrameris, corollé gracili, profunde lobatd, staminibus 32, in-
equalibus, nonnullis minutis, glabris; fructibus solitariis, breviter pedunculatis, glabris, 4-locu-
laribus, sub-globosis, loculis monospermis, albumine non ruminato, calyce fructifero 4-partito
patente vel reflexo. \
Alph. DC. Prodr, vim. p. 239. n. 87 (1844), non Dalz.
A tree 50 feet high, with many lax cinereous, glabrescent branches; young shoots and
petioles minutely puberulous. Leaves oval-oblong, much acuminate at apex, somewhat nar-
rowed at base, alternate, turning black when dry, firmly membranous, glabrous except on
midrib which is puberulous and depressed on the upper surface; lateral veins and net-
veins delicate, not conspicuous above; 3—5 in. long by 1—1} in. wide; petioles ~j—4+ in.
long.
3. Flowers in few (8—6)-flowered short axillary puberulous cymes, subsessile, }—4 in.
long; bracts small, imbricated. Calyx with scattered short ferruginous hairs outside shortly
4-lobed. Corolla with few scattered short hairs outside deeply (2rds) lobed, slender; lobes
reflexed at apex. Stamens 32 in one case, very unequal, many minute, glabrous.
9 . Fruit glabrous, ovoid or globose, poimted at apex, about 3 in. long, 4-celled, 4-seeded,
solitary. Fruiting calyx 4-partite, with scattered ferruginous hairs outside, nearly glabrous
2
inside; with oval, flat, spreading or reflexed lobes, tin. long. Seeds oblong, 2 in. long;
albumen not ruminated, embryo nearly as long as the albumen. Fruiting peduncles shortly
hispid, 4 in. long, patent, unilateral, bearing 2 small bracts.
Khasia, Churra, 2000 ft. alt.; Drs J. D. Hooker and T. Thomson! 842, June, in fruit;
East Bengal, Griffith! 3628; (Silhet), Wallich/ 6351.
208 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
78. Drosprros Esenum, Koenig in Physiogr. Salsk. Handl. 1. p. 176 (1776).
D. ligno duro in centro nigro, foliis alternis, ovalibus vel oblongis, apice obtuse acumi-
natis, basi obtuse angustatis, tenwiter coriaceis, reticulatis, glabris, breviter petiolatis ; floribus
masculis subsessilibus, breviter cymosis, sepius 3-5-nis, tetrameris, calyce campanulato, ciliato,
breviter 4-lobo, corolld tubulosd, medio constricta, glabra, 4-fidd, staminibus 16—32, fila-
mentis 8; floribus femineis solitarws, staminodis 16 geminatis vel paucioribus, ovario 8-
loculari, glabro vel appresse pubescente, calyce fructifero aucto, tubo campanulato margine in-
tus elevato, lobis patentibus vel reflexis, Fructibus subglobosis, glabris vel appresse pubescentibus,
seminum albumine non ruminato.
Alph. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 234, n. 63 (1844); Ettingsh. Blatt-skel. Dikot. p. 89. t. 37. £13
(1861); Linn. fil. Suppl. Pl. p. 440 (1781); Roxb. drawings; Beddome, Fl. Sylvat. Madr. t. 65
(1870); Wight. Ic. t. 188. (1840).
D. glaberrima, Rottb. in Act. Hafn. 1783. vol. m1. p. 540. t. 5.
D. melanoxylon, Willd. Hb. n. 19243; Sp. pl. tv. p. 1109. n. 8 (1805); non Roxb.
D. reticulata, Wall.! List, p. 159. n. 4120 E. (1828—32), non Willd.
D. Ebenaster, Spach, Hist. Végét. rx. p. 407 (1840), t. 135 (1846), non Retz.
D. nigricans, Dalz. in Kew Journ. Bot. Iv. p. 110 (1852); Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. (vir)
5, excl. t. 124 (1871); non Wall.
D. assimilis, Bedd. Report Forests of Madras for 1866—67, p. 20. t. 1 (1867).
A large tree with glabrous branches. Leaves glabrous, alternate, oblong or oval,
obtusely communicate or retuse at apex, somewhat narrowed at base, thinly coriacious
2—7 in. long by }—2} in. wide, with petioles 4—} in. long; net-veined, of same colour on
both sides.
é. Flowers 3—15 together, subsessile, on short pubescent cymes which about equal the
petioles, about #,in. long in bud; Bracts small, caducous. Calyx funnel-shaped, about
tin. long, shortly 4lobed, nearly or quite glabrous outside with ciliated margins, hairy
inside; lobes rounded. Corolla tubular, constricted at middle, glabrous, 4-fid, with imbri-
cated lobes. Stamens 16, unequal, more or less in pairs, glabrous, inserted at base of
corolla, or ranging up to 32 on § filaments; ovary rudimentary or wanting.
°. Flowers solitary, with 2 bracts at base, shortly stalked. Calyx much longer than
in the 6, deeply 4+fid with an elevated callous marginal ring round its mouth. Stami-
nodes 16, in pairs, or fewer. Style 1; stigmas 4; ovary 8-celled, glabrous or appressedly
pubescent. Albumen of seeds not ruminated. Fruit depresso-globose or subglobose, } in.
long, or globose and 4—1 in. in diameter, glabrous or appressedly pubescent. Fruit-calyx
about 3—l1in. across, with spreading or reflexed lobes, receiving the base of the fruit by
the cup-shaped tube which has an elevated circular margin felted inside.
East India, Koenig !; Chorla Ghaut, Dalzell (called Kardé mardé in S. Canara); Assam,
Griffith! ; Ceylon, Columbo, Ferguson /, Thwaites! 1912, 1913, 2437, 2439; East Bengal,
Griffith ! 3621; Malacca, Griffith! 3635 “Cayoo Arang, Ebony Wood,” Maingay! 971.
“Flowers 4—5 merous; Satiny-black. Leaves shining above. Flower yellowish;” Wight
1714; Wallich/ List n. 4120; Sumatra and Molucca Isl. ex Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 11 p. 1048
(1856) ; New Caledonia, Vieillard ! 898, Thiebault / 344,
p- 2
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 209
This valuable tree is not uncommon in the mountain forests on both sides of the
Presidency of Madras and in Ceylon; it yields the best kind of Ebony, generally jet-
black but sometimes slightly streaked with yellow or brown; it is very heavy, close and
even-grained, and stands a high polish; unseasoned it weighs 90 to 100 lbs. the cubic
foot, and 81 lbs. when seasoned; it is used for inlaying and ornamental turnery and
sometimes for furniture, but there is not much demand for it in Madras. The sap-wood
is white, hard, close-gramed, and strong, but not durable; it is however used by the
natives for various purposes; it is called Nalluti in the Cuppapah and Kurnool hill-forests
where the tree is very common and well known. Beddome 1. c.
D. reticulata, Decaisne, Herb. Timor. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. ur. p. 406 (1834), non Willd.;
D. reticulata, 8. timoriana, Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 225. n. 11 var. (1844); D. timoriana,
Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. um. p. 1045 (1856), ought probably to be referred to D. Ebenum, Koen.,
but I have not seen an authentic specimen.
D. hebecarpa, A. Cunn. ex Benth, Fl. Austr. Iv. p. 286 (1869) is probably the same
species; the fruit is #—lin. in diameter, covered with short hairs or glabrescent.
Australia, Queensland, Cape York, W. Hill!; Endeavour River, A. Cunningham!; New
Caledonia, Wagap, Vierllard / 2869.
A specimen in Hb. Mus. Paris collected by Pancher/ in New Caledonia may be the
same species (D. Ebenum, Koen.) but the leaves are more coarsely reticulated and the
fruiting peduncles are longer (fin.). Cfr. D. samoensis, A. Gray.
79. DIospYyROS PELLUCIDA, sp. nov.
D, foliis alternis, ovali-oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi angustatis, firmiter membranaceis,
minute pellucido-punctatis, utrinque nitidis, glabris, breviter petiolatis ; floribus solitariis, axil-
laribus, subsessilibus, polygamis, tetrameris, calyce profunde lobato, lobis acuminatis, leviter
plicatis, corolle lobis profundis acutis, staminibus in jl. masc. 8, uniserialibus, glabris, fruc-
tibus globosts subglabratis, 8-locularibus.
Branches spreading at about 45°, terete, dark, glabrous, or minutely puberulous at
the extremities. Leaves oval-oblong, alternate, firmly membranous, glabrous, of nearly same
dark colour and shining on both sides, minutely pellucid-punctate, acuminate at apex, some-
what narrowed at base, 44—6}in. long by 14—211in. wide, including petiole tin. long;
midrib depressed and veins inconspicuously reticulated above, lateral veins anastomosing within
the margin beneath. Flowers solitary, axillary, very nearly sessile; polygamous (a male
flower and a young fruit growing on the same specimen), tetramerous. Calyx ,%, in. long,
spreading, puberulous, but glabrescent outside, deeply 4-lobed, lobes }in. long, ovate, cor-
date and dilated at base, acuminate at apex, spreading, with margins reflexed outwards,
especially near base, somewhat plicate; tube thickened and hairy inside, cup-shaped, the
thickened portion extending upwards a short distance up the middle of the lobes.
6. Corolla conical in bud, } in. high, glabrous above, puberulous below outside, deeply
lobed; lobes acute. Stamens 8, equal, in one row, glabrous, tin. long; anthers com-
pressed, 4, in. long. Style ,%, in. long, straight, erect, slightly puberulous below the lobed
apex, receptacle (rudimentary ovary) puberulous.
@. Young fruit 1 in. high by 53, in. thick, bluntly pointed at apex, pubescent ;
3
Wore 0 Teh 27
210 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
fruit globose, subglabrate, 4 in. in diameter, unequally S8-celled. Fruiting calyx not
lengthened, spreading, about } im. high, supporting base of fruit; tube with raised rim
within.
Philippine Islands, Cuming / 1496, 1506.
80. DiospyROS TETRANDRA, sp. nov., non Span.
D. foliis alternis, elliptico-oblongis, acuminatis, basi angustatis, tenwiter coriaceis, glabris,
graciliter reticulatis, petiolatis; floribus masculis 3-nis, brevissime cymosis, tetrameris, tubu-
losis, extus hispidis, calyce late campanulato, 4-fido, corolld breviter 4-fidd, staminibus 4,
equalibus, antheris hispidis, ovarii rudimento hirsuto; floribus femineis, 1—3-nis, subsessilibus,
stylis 4; fructibus solitariis, subsessilibus, globosis, nitidis; calyce fructifero aucto, concavo-
plicato.
A tree (2), shining and quite glabrous except buds, inflorescence, &e.; young branches
terete, with smooth bark. Leaves alternate, elliptic-oblong, acuminate, somewhat narrowed
at base, thinly coriaceous, 4—8 in. long by 14—3 in. wide; midrib narrowly depressed
above; lateral veins clear and slender beneath, arching and anastomosing within the
margin, inconspicuous and very delicate as well as the net-veins above; petioles }—2
in. long, with bladdery tumours on the under-side (especially on the younger ones of the
male plants) extending from the top downwards and disappearing from the older petioles.
é. Inflorescence axillary, very short, 3-flowered, with short rufous sete; flowers sub-
sessile, $in. long, slender, with short rufous hairs. Calyx }in. long, 4-fid; lobes acute,
somewhat spreading. Corolla tubular, shortly 4-fid; lobes spreading, rounded, +}, in. long.
Stamens 4, inserted on the receptacle or at very base of corolla, equal, distinct ; anthers
linear, with reddish short hairs, apiculate, as long as the glabrous filaments. Ovary ru-
dimentary, rufous-hairy.
?. Inflorescence axillary, 1—3-flowered, shortly pubescent, without the flowers about
equalling the petiole; bracts ovate, shortly pubescent; pedicels 3, in. long; flowers nearly
tin. long, 4—5-, usually 4-, merous, with short appressed hairs. Calyx }in. high by }in.
wide, rather larger in fruit, 4-lobed, lobes cordate, acuminate or emarginate, roundly plicate.
Corolla elongate-urceolate, with reflexed ovate lobes. Staminodes.. Ovary... Styles 4,
hairy. Fruit solitary, globose, #in. in diameter, shining, with short inconspicuous ap-
pressed hairs, or subglabrate; fruiting calyx }—in. wide, }—jin. high; lobes forming
below dependent hollows, ascending above.
Guiana, Martin !, Rudge! s.D. 1806, Poiteau !
Plate VI. A branch in male flower-bud, natwral size. a. A piece of a male branch
with more advanced flowers, natural size. b. A male flower on branch, magnified 3 dia-
meters. c. A male calyx, magnified 6 diameters. d. The andreecium with rudimentary
ovary in centre, magnified 6 diameters. e. A female branch with empty calyx, natural
size. f. A piece of a fruiting branch, the fruit fractured, natural size.
81. Drospyros SPRUCEI, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis oblongis, apice valde acuminatis, basi subrotundis, coriaceis, supra glabris
nitidis, subtus ferrugineo-tomentosis, nervis manifestis, petiolatis ; floribus masculis aggregatis,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA. 211
dense cymosis, ferrugineo-tomentosis, tetrameris, calyce campanulato, lobis deltoideis, corolla
tubulosd, lolis rotundatis patentibus, staminibus 16, glabris, geminatis, inequalibus, corolle
tubo brevioribus, ovarii rudimento rufo-tomentoso.
A slender straight tree, 60 feet high, with ferruginous-pubescent branches. Leaves ob-
long, nearly rounded at base, much acuminate and sub-caudate at apex, coriaceous, glabrous
and with depressed veins on the upper side, ferruginous-tomentose with strong veins beneath,
alternate, about 1 ft. long by 3—3}in. wide, edges recurved; petioles }—3 in. long, thick,
“recurved” (Spruce).
é. Flowers ferruginous-tomentose outside, in many-flowered ferruginous cymes; cymes
about }in. long (excluding the flowers); pedicels about 3, in. long, stout. Calyx tin. long,
campanulate, shortly tomentose on both sides, 4-fid with deltoid lobes. Corolla about } in.
long, tubular, with 4 patent lobes, glabrous inside, tube 2in. long; lobes tin. long, rounded,
pale green. Stamens 16, nearly or quite glabrous, in 8 pairs, sub-equal in those pairs which
are opposite the corolla lobes and unequal in the alternate pairs; the longer ones 1in. long
with the anthers about equalling the filaments; inserted at base of corolla; anthers with
very few hairs on the back or glabrous; filaments glabrous. Ovary rudimentary, rufous-
tomentose.
South America, Columbia, San Carlos, frequent in the woods near river Guasié, $ fl.
October. Spruce! 3138.
Plate VIII. A branch in male flower, natural size. a. A male flower-bud, magnified
2 diameters. 6. A male flower expanded, magnified 2 diameters. c. A male corolla laid open
shewing the stamens, magnified 3} diameters. d, e. Contiguous pairs of stamens, magnified
34 diameters.
82. Diospyros MARITIMA, Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 669 (1825).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus vel oblongis, utrinque obtusis, coriaceis, glabris, petiolatis, flo-
ribus masculis aggregatis, 3—7-nis, subsessilibus, elongato-campanulatis, pubescentibus, calyce
campanulato, apice 4—5- rarius 3-dentato, corolla tubulosd, 4-fidd, staminibus 15—18, ine-
qualibus, plerisque geminatis, antheris glabris, filamentis basi hirsutis brevissimis; floribus
femineis solitartis vel binis, staminodiis 4—10, glabris, ovario 8-loculari, ferrugineo-pubescente,
fructibus subglobosis, glabrescentibus, senunum albumine non ruminato.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 234. n. 62 (1844), Decaisne in Nouv. Ann. Mus. m1. p. 406 (1834).
Cargillia laxa, R. Br. Prodr. p. 526. n. 1 (1810), Alph. DC. Prodr, vir. p. 243, n. 2 (1844),
Benth. Fl. Austr. Iv. p. 287 (1869).
Cargilia maritima, Hassk. Cat. Pl. Hort. Bot. Bogor. 1. p. 159 (1844).
Cargillia megalocarpa, F. Muell. Fragm, y. p. 163 (1866).
Maba megalocarpa, F. Muell. Lc.
Diospyros tetrandra, Spanoghe! in Linnea Xv. p. 336 (1841), non mihi.
Diospyros megalocarpa, F. Muell. Austral. Veg. in Intercolonial Essays, 1866—67, p. 35
(1867).
A small tree S—10 feet high with moderately thick trunk, dense head and drooping
branches, or a handsome tree attaining 50 feet, glabrous except the buds and inflorescence ;
27—2
212 .Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
branches and shoots terete, rather slender. Leaves oblong or oval, coriaceous or thinly so,
of nearly same colour on both sides, shining above, alternate, usually rounded or obtuse
near base, obtuse at apex, 2—10}in. long by 1}—3tin. wide, often with 2 glands at base
near the petiole; petioles 1—}in. long; midrib depressed above; lateral veins rather clear
beneath, raised and not conspicuous above. Bracts several, rather small, on very short
stalks.
3. Flowers 3—7 together, crowded, subsessile, 2in. long in bud, elongate-campanulate.
Calyx campanulate, 4—-5- rarely 3-toothed at the apex, silky-puberulous on both sides,
iin. long, coriaceous; lobes } depth of calyx, depresso-deltoid. Corolla 4-fid, silky outside,
2—4 times the length of the calyx, tubular, Zin. long. Stamens 15—18, inserted at base
of corolla, mostly in pairs, unequal; filaments very short, hirsute at base; anthers lanceolate-
subulate or oblong, glabrous; pollen white, globose. Ovary rudimentary, hairy.
@. Flowers 1—2 together, subsessile, about fin. long in bud. Calyx like g but
thicker especially in fruit. Corolla 3 rds 4-fid. Staminodes 4—10, glabrous. Styles 4, short.
Ovary ferruginous-pubescent, 8-celled; cells l-ovuled (4-celled, cells 2-ovuled according to
R. Brown). Fruiting calyx broadly cup-shaped or flatly appressed to base of fruit, 4—5-
lobed, coriaceous, about in. across, often }in. high. Fruiting peduncle very short and
much thickened and continuous with calyx. Fruit depresso-globular, glabrescent, 3—1in.
high by —1in. thick, 4 (?) -celled and seeded, marked at the apex by remains of short style.
Seeds nearly Lin. long, somewhat compressed, brown and shining; albumen white, not
ruminated. Radicle longer than the ovate cotyledons.
N. Australia, Gulf of Carpentaria, opposite Groote Island, R. Brown! ; Escape Cliffs,
Hulls ; Queensland, Cape York, W. Hill! ; Timor, Zippelius, Decaisne!, Gaichenol!, Spanoghe ! ;
S. Java, Blume!, Zollinger! n. 1833; Java, Leschenault/; Straits of Sunda, Ld. Macartney !
Java, Hasskarl!; De Vriese and Teijsmann! 1859—60. Menado, Celebes, poisonous tree.
Teijsmann and De Vriese/.
83. Diospyros PHILIPPINENSIS, Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 231. n. 43 (1844).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, apice obtuse acuminatis, bast angustatis, tenwiter coriaceis,
glabrescentibus, breviter petiolatis ; floribus femineis 1—3-nis, breviter cymosis, bracteatis, tetra-
meris, pubescentibus, calyce profunde lobato, corolld tubulosd, 4-fidd, staminodiis 6, leviter
pubescentibus, ovario ovoideo-conico, fulvo-pubescente, 4-loculari, loculis 1-ovulatis.
Young shoots buds inflorescence and underside midrib and margin of young leaves
covered with short tawny tomentum; branches glabrescent. Leaves oval, rather shortly and
obtusely acuminate at apex, obtusely narrowed at base, thinly coriaceous, alternate, gla-
brescent, shining above, 24—5}in. long by 14—24in. wide; petioles {—1in. long; midrib
depressed above; lateral veins distant, slender, inconspicuous especially above.
@. Flowers in axillary 1—3-flowered bracteated cymes with several imbricated scales
at the base, or solitary near the base of the young shoots of the year; peduncles or pe-
dicels #;—}in. long; bracts rounded, tawny-pubescent; scales at the base of the young
shoots several, much imbricated; flowers 3? in. long, tawny-pubescent outside, erect. Calyx
¢ in. long, loose, glabrous and shining inside, deeply 4-fid with rounded or sometimes api-
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 213
culate imbricated lobes. Corolla glabrous inside, 4-fid; tube 4in. long by din. thick; lobes
oval, spreading and recurved, somewhat cordate at base, round at apex, imbricated. Sta-
minodes 6 (in one flower), equal, somewhat tawny-hairy. Style very short, cut at apex.
Ovary ovoid-conical, tawny hairy! 4-celled!; cells 1-ovuled; according to Alph. DC. lc. the
ovary is glabrous and 6- (or 6—8-) celled.
Manila, Philippine Islands, Cuming/ 1142.
84. DIOSPYROS PILOSANTHERA, Blanco, Fl. Filipin. p. 304 (1837).
D. caule arboreo, foliis alternis, lanceolatis, coriaceis, glabris, basi 2—38-glandulosis, bre-
vissime petiolatis; floribus [ femineis?] axillaribus sessilibus, 6-nis vel ultra, calyce 4—5-lobo,
lobis revolutis, corollé calyce longiore pilos@, 5-lobd, staminibus 5—6, antheris medio pilosis
(sterilibus ?), stylis 4, baccd 10-spermd.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vin. p. 287. n. 77 (1844).
A tree with hard wood. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, glabrous, coriaceous, with 2 or
3 glandular depressions at the base beneath; petioles very short.
Q (2) Flowers axillary, sessile, 6 or more together; calyx with 4 or 5 large teeth
recurved and bordered at maturity; corolla longer than the calyx, covered with hair outside,
naked at the throat, 5-lobed; stamens 5—6; filaments short; anthers with a line of hairs
along the middle; stigmas 4; fruit baccate, 10-seeded, edible; like a small guava; seeds
horny, semicircular and thin at the two sides, and convex on the exterior.
Philippine Islands, Blanco.
85. DIosPYROS LANCEZFOLIA, Roxb. Cat. Pl. Fl. Ind. (1813).
D, foliis alternis, oblongis vel lanceolatis, apice acuminatis, basi angustatis, coriaceis,
glabris ; floribus masculis fasciculatis, dense cymosis, 8—5-nis, pubescentibus, tetrameris, calyce
campanulato, corolld tubulosd, staminibus 14—16, geminatis, inequalibus, subglabris ; floribus
femineis solitariis, subsessilibus, axillaribus, 4—5-meris, staminodiis 8—10, ovario pubescente,
8-loculart, fructibus subglobosis, tomentosis, seninum albumine non ruminato.*
Fl. Ind., Edit. 1832, vol. 1. p. 587; Roxb. drawings no. 2508; Alph. DC. Prodr. virr. p. 282.
n. 46 (1844).
D. multiflora, Wall. List, n. 4144 (1828—1832), Alph. DC. Prodr. vi. p. 231. n. 45,
non Blanco.
(2) D. amena, Wall. List. n. 4139 (1828—32), Alph. DC. lc. p. 281. n. 44 (1844),
Ettingsh. Blatt-skel. Dikot. t. 41. f. 11 (1861).
Goolal or Goolul is the vernacular name in Sillet, ex Roxb. lc.
A pretty large tree, furnishing hard durable timber suitable for the construction of
houses; glabrous except the buds under side of young leaves inflorescence and fruit.
Leaves oblong oblong-lanceolate or -ovate, more or less narrowed at base, acuminate at apex,
with midrib depressed on upper side, coriaceous, alternate, rather pale on both sides, with
veins not conspicuous above, 2—3—6—94in. long by }—3—2in. wide, besides petioles
5 aes
i—1Hin, long.
214 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
g. Flowers fascicled on very short dense cymes, 3—5 together, densely ferruginous-
pubescent, 2—}in. long, tetramerous. Calyx campanulate, #j—} in. long, hairy on both sides,
4-fid or more shortly 4-lobed, with deltoid lobes. Corolla tubular with inflated tube, glabrous
inside; lobes spreading, shorter than the tube. Stamens 14, 16, united in pairs by thin
filaments and inserted at base of corolla, or hypogynous; inner ones shorter, 1—3in. long,
glabrous except base of anthers or apex of filaments; common filaments jy im long; con-
nective apiculate. Ovary 0; receptacle hairy.
9. Flowers solitary, subsessile, axillary, near together, 4—5-merous, }in. long, densely
tawny-pubescent; bracts short, pubescent, imbricated. Calyx jin. high, 4—5-lobed; lobes
with sides sometimes reflexed. Corolla-lobes cordate (ex Roxb.), imbricated. Staminodes
8—10, short, inserted at base of corolla. Style very short, about 8-lobed; ovary 8-celled,
hairy. Fruit ovoid or globose, usually pointed at the apex, tawny-tomentose or appressedly
silky, lin. or more long. Fruiting calyx pubescent on both sides, lin. across, with crass
somewhat concave tube and 4 or 5 lobes spreading or recurved and much thinner towards
the margins. Albumen not ruminated.
East Bengal, Grifith! 3631, 3634; Sillet, Wallich! 4144, 4139 (2); Khasia, Churra,
foot of hills; Drs J. D. Hooker and T. Thomson! 20 June 1850, in young fruit. In
Khasia? or Cachar? it is called Sot-lo and is a poison for fish, Drs J. D. Hooker and
T. Thomson!
86. Driospyros GARDNERI, Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 181. n. 12 (1860).
D. foliis alternis, oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi leviter angustatis, tenuiter coriaceis, gla-
bris, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis 1—4-nis, subsessilibus, tetrameris, pubescentibus, calyce
campanulato, corolla hypocrateriformi, staminibus 16, pubescentibus ; floribus femineis solitariis,
ovario 8-loculari, fructibus depresso-globosis, subglabratis.
Beddome, Ic, Pl. Ind. Or. (Pt. vi.) p. 27. t. 132 (1871).
Patonia Walkerwi, Wight, Ill. 1. p. 19 (1840).
A moderate-sized tree; young shoots puberulous, quickly glabrescent. Leaves alternate,
thinly coriaceous or submembranous, glabrous, shining above with inconspicttous veins and
channelled midrib, oblong, acuminate at apex, somewhat narrowed at base, 3—7 in. long by
1—2} in. wide; petioles }—2in. long; lateral veins depressed on the upper surface in the
thinner-leaved specimens.
8. Flowers pubescent, 1—4 together, subsessile, on very short axillary pubescent cymes.
Bracts small. Calyx 4 in., campanulate, 4-fid, covered with short hairs on both sides; lobes
deltoid. Corolla about 4—4 in. long, conical in bud, salver-shaped in full flower, covered
outside with appressed ferruginous silky shining hairs, glabrous inside, tube somewhat inflated
below, with 4 spreading lobes about half the length of the tube. Stamens 16 (or about 12
according to Dr Thwaites), in pairs; filaments short, pilose; anthers linear, glabrous or some-
what hairy. Ovary 0 or represented by a bunch of hairs.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE, 215
@. Flowers solitary, erect, axillary, } in. long; peduncles 4 in. long. Calyx } in. long,
covered with short tawny pubescence, openly campanulate, 4-fid; lobes with undulated and
recurved margins. Corolla-lobes lanceolate, about 4 the length of the tube. Ovary 8-celled.
Fruit depresso-globose, about 1 in. long (unripe), glabrate or with remains of ferruginous
pubescence. Fruiting calyx accrescent, about } in. high by 14 in. across at top; lobes pointed
and patent at apex; tube hemispherical. The timber of this tree is valuable for building
and for cabinet-work, Dr Thwaites loc. cit.
Ceylon, Thwaites! C. P. 1908, Macrae! 30, Walker !, Gardner! 532, up to 2000 ft. alt.,
called Kadoombaireya-gass.
87. Ditospyros HEUDELOTH, sp. nov
D. foliis alternis, ovato-ovalibus, apice breviter acuminatis, basi obtusis, tenuiter coriaceis,
subglabratis, breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis aggregatis, 4—6-nis, subsessilibus, pubescenti-
bus, calyce breviter 4—5-fido, corolla tubulosd, lobis obtusis, staminibus 13—15, filamentis bre-
vibus hirsutis.
Bushy tree 3—4 metres high; young parts puberulous; branches terete, dark, at about
35°, quickly glabrescent. Leaves ovate-oval, alternate, obtusely narrowed at base, shortly
acuminate at apex, thinly coriaceous; dark green, glabrous and with depressed veins above;
paler with few weak scattered appressed whitish hairs and with raised veins beneath; 2—3 in.
long by 1—1} in. wide; petioles {—} in. long, wrinkled, glabrous; margins of leaves just
recurved.
6. Cymes very short, 4—6-flowered, ferruginous-hairy; bracts short, hairy. Flowers
(closed in specimen) shortly and appressedly pubescent, whitish, sweet-scented, subsessile.
Calyx {4 in. high, campanulate, 4—5-fid, with ovate lobes. Corolla oblong, inflated in middle,
4—5-lobed at apex, glabrous inside, } in. long; lobes emarginate. Stamens 15, or in a tetra-
merous flower 13, inserted at very base of corolla or on receptacle, nearly equal, ;2 in, long;
filaments pubescent, very short, more or less connate at base; anthers linear, narrower towards
apex, with a few hairs on back; dehiscing laterally by slits. Ovary rudimentary, hairy.
Africa, Senegambia, Heudelot! 638, October, January.
Plate V. fig. 2. A male flowering branch, natural size. a. Male flower-bud, magnified
4 diameters. 6. Half the corolla laid open, shewing some of the stamens, magnified 4 dia-
meters. c. A pair of stamens, magnified 4 diameters.
88. DIosPpyROS UNDULATA, Wall. List, n. 4136 (1828—32).
D. foliis lanceolato-oblongis, alternis, apice acuminatis, basi angustatis vel subrotundatis,
glabris, nitidis, firmiter membranaceis, petiolatis; floribus masculis breviter cymosis, 3—9-nis,
ferrugineo-pubescentibus, tetrameris, calyce 4-fido, corolla tubulosd, breviter 4-lobd, lobis obtusis,
staminibus 11—14, pubescentibus ; floribus femineis 1—3-nis, breviter pedunculatis vel subsessi-
libus, fructibus subglobosis, appresse pilosis, plurilocularibus, seminibus compressis, albumine non
ruminato, calyce fructifero aucto, crasso, fructus basim amplectente.
216 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vir. p. 233. n. 55 (1844); G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. tv. p. 40.
n. 38 (1837).
Var. 8B (2). D. macrophylla, Wall n. 4141 (1828—32), non Blume ; foliis fructuque majoribus.
A tree; branches glabrous or young shoots puberulous. Leaves oblong or lanceolate-
oblong, more or less acuminate at apex, acute or more or less rounded but not subcordate
at base, firmly membranous, glabrous, shining, alternate, 3—15 in. long by 1—5 in. wide,
besides petioles }—} in. long, thinly coriaceous; margins reflexed ; midrib depressed above ;
lateral veins inconspicuous or depressed above. Inflorescence axillary, ferruginous-hairy.
g. Flowers }—} in. long (in bud), conic-oblong. ferruginous-hairy, sessile on 83—9-flowered
cymes not exceeding them in length, except in var. 8; bracts ovate. Calyx short, 4-fid,
with deltoid acute lobes, less hairy inside except near the margins. Corolla tubular, glabrous
inside, shortly 4-lobed, with obtuse spreading lobes. Stamens 11—14, inserted on the receptacle
or at base of corolla, some in pairs, unequal except var. 8; anthers linear, hairy, sub-
sessile, filaments short, hairy. Ovary rudimentary, hairy.
2. Flowers solitary or 3 together; peduncles or cymes short, not exceeding 3 in. long.
Fruit subglobose, about 1 in. long by nearly the same width, flat at the top and slightly
umbilicate at base of style, appressedly brown-hairy, about 6-celled and 6-seeded; pericarp
thick; pulp mucilaginous; seeds compressed, about $ in. long; albumen not ruminated;
embryo 1 in. long; cotyledons foliaceous, lanceolate, about as long as the radicle; fruiting
calyx erect, embracing about half the fruit, very crass, hairy inside; 4-fid, with the sinuses
nearly filled on the inner side; lobes deltoid, occasionally spreading at the tips.
Amherst, Wallich ! 4136; Moulmein, Parish/; Malacca, Grifith/ 3619, 3636, Maingay!
977. Var. B. Tavoy, Wallich! 4141; Mergui, Grofith!; Malacca, Maingay! 974.
89. DIOSPYROS MULTIFLORA, Blanco, Fl. Filipin. p. 303 (1837), non Wall.
D. foliis alternis, lanceolato-oblongis, apice obtusis, basi cuneatis, coriaceis, subtus puberulis,
petiolatis ; floribus masculis 8-nis, aggregatis, brevissime cymosis, pubescentibus, calyce 4—5-fido,
corollé tubulosd, apice lobatd, staminibus 15—18, filamentis hirsutis, antheris glabris ; fructibus
venenosis.
Diospyros Canomoi, Alph. DC, Prodr. vin. p. 287. n. 78 (1844).
D. Lotus, Blanco, Fl. Filipin. edit. 11. p. 210 (1845), non Linn,
A tree, glabrous except the buds, inflorescence and underside of leaves; branches terete,
dark; leaves lanceolate-oblong, alternate, coriaceous, obtusely lanceolate or rounded at apex,
cuneate at base and often with 2 glands on the upper side, glabrous with depressed and
not conspicuous veins above, tomentose-puberulous, subglabrescent beneath, 6—8 in. long by
14—2} in. wide; besides petioles }—} in. long; margins revolute.
é. Flowers ferruginous-pubescent, 2 in. long, axillary in clusters of about 8 each, sessile,
in very short ferruginous-pubescent cymes, tetramerous or pentamerous. Calyx 7; in. long,
4—5-fid, ferruginous-tomentose on both sides; lobes deltoid, spreading in flower. Corolla
glabrous inside, lobed at apex, rather fleshy, } in. long, tubular, Stamens 18 (in one case),
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 217
15 or more, hypogynous or at base of corolla, more or less combined at base by their
hairy filaments; anthers linear, apiculate, glabrous. Ovary 0.
2. Fruit poisonous; reported to intoxicate fish; “even the crocodile it causes to rush
from the water hurriedly.” Flowers sweet-scented. By rubbing the bark and leaves on
eruptions, it is said that the latter disappear.
Local names Canomot, Canomai.
Philippine Islands, Cuming / 1829, Blanco.
90. Diospyros BIFLORA, Blanco, Fl. Filipin. p. 308 (1837).
D. foliis alternis, lanceolatis, glabris, subcoriaceis, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis
azillaribus, binis, calyce campanulato, 3—4-lobo, corolld carnosd campanulato-oblongd, 4-lobd,
staminibus 17—30, corolle basi insertis, filamentis brevissimis lanuginosis, ovarii rudimento
pubescente.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 287. n. 76 (1844).
A tree of 30 feet high. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, quite glabrous, entire, subcoriaceous,
with only 2 glands at the base below; petioles very short and without glands.
3. Flowers axillary, 2 together, with a strong smell. Calyx campanulate, 3—4-lobed.
Corolla fleshy, double the length of the calyx, inflated in the middle and narrowed above,
forming a throat, with 4 reflexed lobes. Stamens 17—380, inserted on the corolla and not
reaching the throat; filaments very short, woolly; anthers very long. Ovary hairy; style
very short; stigma and fruit wanting.
Philippine Islands, Blanco, Tagatog name Talang; flowers in June.
91. Diosprros (?) PARVIFOLIA, sp. nov.
D. foliis aiternis, obovatis, apice rotundatis, basi cuneatis, coriaceis, glabrescentibus, nitidis,
parvis, breviter petiolatis, venis inconspicuis ; floribus masculis solitariis, subsessilibus, awilla-
ribus, pubescentibus, calyce campanulato, trilobo, corolla 4-fidd, staminibus 12, glabris, corolle
basi insertis, biserialibus, antheris apice dehiscentibus, ovarit rudimento ferrugineo-hirsuto.
Branches cinereous, at about 30°, the younger ones rufous-hispid at first, subsequently
whitish-hairy, ultimately glabrate. Leaves alternate, obovate or obovate-oblong, rounded at
apex, cuneate at base, hairy beneath when quite young, quickly glabrescent, coriaceous,
with margins just reflexed, without conspicuous veins, shining, 4—#in. long by 4{—+Hin.
wide, including petiole .~— in. long.
6. Bracts rufous-hairy, ovate or lanceolate; flowers solitary, subsessile, rufous-hairy,
axillary; calyx },—1in. long, campanulate, 3-lobed, rufous-hairy on both sides, lobes 3 depth
of calyx, rounded; corolla openly campanulate, covered with silky ferruginous hairs out-
side, glabrous within, tin. long (when straightened), 4-fid with reflexed and somewhat
emarginate lobes; stamens 12, glabrous, inserted at or near base of tube of corolla, in
2 rows, distinct, the inner ones at a lower level, filaments ,,—3,in. long; anthers 3, in.
long, dehiscing laterally by apical pores; ovary rudimentary, represented by a bunch of
ferruginous hairs.
Madagascar !
Vou. XII. Part 1 28
218 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
92. DIOSPYROS BUXIFOLIA.
D. foliis alternis, ovato-ellipticis, utrinque angustatis, coriaceis, supra lucidis, subtus se-
riceo-pubescentibus, subsessilibus, confertis, nervis inconspicuis ; floribus axillaribus, subsessilibus,
masculis 3—4-nis, confertis, femineis solitariis, calyce 4-fido, corolla 4-fidd, breviter et late
campanulatd, intus glabrd, staminibus 10—16, geminatis, glabris, in flore femineo 0; antheris
apice rimosis; ovario femineo 4-loculari superne pubescente inferne glabro, loculis 1-ovulatis ;
fructibus oblongis, 1—2-spermis, albumine non ruminato.
Leucorylum buaifolium, Bl. Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 1169 (1826); Choisy, Mém. Ternstr.
p. 43. t. 2 (1855); Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. p. 1049 (1856).
Diospyros microphylla, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. (vm) p. 27. t. 183 (1871).
A large tree with glabrescent terete branches and straight trunk. Young shoots and
inflorescence covered with pale ferruginous pubescence. Leaves distichous, close together,
easily falling (in dried state), firm, occasionally minutely pellucid-punctate, the younger ones
silky beneath, without conspicuous veins, ovate-oval, narrowed at both ends, subsessile,
3—2}in. long by £,—12in. wide; midrib depressed and often puberulous above. Flowers
dicecious.
3. Flowers 3 or 4 together, subsessile, very short axillary cymes; flower in. long,
tetramerous. Calyx j;in. high, covered with short hairs, having 4 rounded imbricated
lobes >in. deep. Corolla j~;in. high, with 4 rounded apiculate reflexed lobes y;in. deep,
hairy along middle lines outside. Stamens 10—16 (16! in all the flowers examined), glabrous,
united by their filaments in pairs, the inner ones the shorter; anthers ovate or oblong,
dehiscing at apex; filaments slender, equalling or exceeding the anthers, inserted at base of
corolla. Ovary rudimentary, hairy.
@. Flowers solitary, subsessile. Calyx 4-fid, with rounded lobes much imbricated in
bud, pubescent outside; corolla 4in. long, 4-fid, hairy outside; staminodes 0. Ovary 4-
celled, ellipsoidal and glabrous below, conical and pubescent above, cells 1-ovuled; style
bipartite, short. Fruit cylindrical or oblong, conical at apex, dry, I1-celled, 1- rarely 2-
seeded, 4—tin. long by }—}in. wide, pointed, glabrous and shining or subglabrous or
fulvous pubescent at apex resting at base on small spreading pubescent or ciliate calyx;
albumen cartilaginous not ruminated; cotyledons about equalling the radicle.
Malacca, Maingay! 966 “ovary rudimentary 4-lobed ;”. Java, Blume!, Zollinger! 3247,
3438; India, S. Canara, &e. Major Beddome!; Borneo, O. Beccari! n. 1973.
Major Beddome l.c. states that the S. Canara plant has the habit of Leucorylum
buxifolium, Miq., but he does not regard his plant as the same species with it. According
to Zollinger in the Obs. Bot. Noy. p. 18 (1857) the flowers in both sexes are usually
pentamerous, the stamens usually 10, free, and the ovary apparently 2-celled.
93. Diospyros VESCOI, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, obovatis, apice rotundatis, basi angustatis, coriaceis, subtus puberulis,
inconspicue reticulatis, confertis, petiolatis, margine revolutis; floribus masculis axillaribus,
breviter cymosis, calyce laze hemispherico, 4-fido, extus tomentoso, corolla campanulatd utrinque
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE, 219
tomentosd, breviter 4- rarius 3- vel 5-fidd, lobis obtusis, staminibus 13—16, plerisque geminatis,
corolle bast insertis, antheris glabris, apice rimosis, filamentis tomentosis, ovario rudimentario.
Young parts ferruginous, shortly pubescent; branches pale, cinereous, terete. Leaves
alternate, obovate, rounded or emarginate at apex, narrowed or nearly rounded at. base,
coriaceous, puberulous with curved hairs on both sides especially beneath, crowded, 1—3 in.
long by §—l%in. wide; petioles 4—4in. long, puberulous, margins revolute, reticulated with
delicate inconspicuous veins in faint relief on both sides, midrib slightly depressed above.
3. Inflorescence axillary on young shoots, 4—?in. long, ferruginous, pubescent with
short hairs; peduncle ;%—%in. long; pedicels j—}in. long; flowers 1—}in., openly cam-
panulate; calyx }—{in. long, hemispherical, tomentose outside, 4-fid, sometimes unequally
so, lobes widely ovate-deltoid ; corolla campanulate, shortly 4-fid, occasionally 3- or 5-lobed,
tomentose on both sides, lobes ovate-oval, obtuse; stamens 13
16, all or mostly in pairs,
inserted near base of corolla, inner ones shorter, anthers glabrous, equal, lanceolate, acu-
minate, filaments tomentose; ovary rudimentary, receptacle tomentose.
Madagascar, Port Leven, Vesco!, St Marie, Boivin/ 2539 bd.
94. Diospyros MorristaAna, Hance ex Walp. Ann. iii. p. 14 (1852).
D. foliis ovalibus, alternis, apice acuminatis, basi angustatis, tenwiter coriaceis, glabris,
petiolatis; floribus masculis 3-nis, breviter cymosis, tetrameris, calyce utrinque pubescente,
4-fido, corolla urceolatd, breviter 4-lobd, lobis obtusis, staminibus 16—25, sepius 20, plerisque
geminatis, corolle basi insertis, antheris linearibus, pubescentibus, ovarii rudimento glabro ;
fructibus glabris, nitidis, subglobosis, 4-locularibus, locus monospermis, seminum albumine non
ruminato, calyce fructifero patente, subglabro.
A shrub (or tree?) quite glabrous except the buds inflorescence and extremities ; branches
dark, terete, spreading at about 30°—35°. Leaves oval, acuminate at apex, more or less
narrowed at base, glabrous, alternate, thinly and firmly coriaceous, with recurved margins,
2—3Lin. long by 1—1}in. wide, besides petiole 4—tin. long; shining above; veins few
and slight
&. Flowers whitish, 1—}in. long, tetramerous, 3 together on short drooping ferruginous-
hairy axillary cymes; peduncles and pedicels each about ;';in. long; calyx ferruginous-hairy on
both sides, 4-fid, ;;in. long, erect-patent, with deltoid lobes; corolla about .3,in. long, tu-
buloso-urceolate in flower, ovate-conical in bud, lobes jin. long recurved, obtuse; stamens
numerous, 16—25, usually about 20, mostly united in pairs, outer ones the longer, inserted
at base of corolla, about tin. long; anthers linear, apiculate, hairy, dehiscing from apex;
filaments short, glabrous; ovary rudimentary, glabrous.
@. Flowers unknown. Fruit glabrous and shining, yellow, nearly globular, }—2in. in
diameter, 4-celled; cells 1-seeded. Fruiting calyx nearly flat, nearly glabrate, j5in. across;
seeds ,,in. long, compressed, chestnut-coloured; albumen cartilaginous, not ruminated. The
male flowers appear in May; the fruit gathered in December is edible.
Hong Kong, Hance! no. 460, C. Wright! 313.
28—2
220 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
95. Drospyros squamosa, Boj. ex Alph. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 232. n. 49 (1844).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, utrinque obtusis, glaberrimis, coriaceis, petiolatis; floribus
masculis, 1—3- sepius 3-nis, sessilibus, bracteis amplis ovato-rotundatis imbricatis calyce vix
brevioribus, calyce campanulato 4—5-fido, corolld breviter 4-fidd infundibuliformi, staminibus
22, corolle basi insertis, filamentis pubescentibus ; fructibus cubico-globosis glabris, apice excepto
calyce 4-fido aucto ferrugineo-sericeo occultis, stylis 4 brevibus glabris.
Branches glabrous. Leaves alternate, oval, rather obtuse at both ends especially at
base, coriaceous, quite glabrous, flat, 8{—5in. long by 1}—1}in. wide; petioles jin. long;
venation delicate, in relief on upper surface.
g. Flowers 1—3 together, sessile, rather more than }in. long, arising from points on
the branchlets rather above the (scars of the fallen) leaves; bracts 5—6, imbricated, 7,—} m.
long, the outer ones the shorter, roundly ovate, scarcely falling short of the calyx, ferru-
ginous-tomentose at the margins. Calyx campanulate 4—5-fid or shortly lobed, 7j—j5 in.
long, ferruginous-pilose outside, lobes widely ovate, erect-patent. Corolla funnel-shaped, shortly
4—5-fid (2), subglabrous, exceeding the calyx, lobes obtuse. Stamens 22, inserted at the
base of the corolla; filaments short, pubescent, frequently united in pairs.
Q. Fruit cubic-globose, glabrous, in. high, concealed except at apex by accrescent
calyx; styles 4, short, glabrous. Fruiting calyx crass, ferruginous-sericeous, 4-fid, $in. across,
tube tetragonal 3in. high, lobes shortly ovate spreading.
Madagascar, near Foul-pointe, Helsonberg!; Chapelier/ Local name, Valanguran.
96. DIOSPYROS COMORENSIS, sp. nov.
D, foliis alternis, ellipticis, apice sepius acuminatis, basi angustatis, coriaceis, glabrescen-
tibus; floribus masculis 3—4-nis, breviter cymosis, tetrameris, calyce laxe cyathiformi, 4-fido,
corolla urceolatd glabrd carnosd breviter 4-lobd, staminibus 16 geminatis glabris corolle bast
insertis, ovarii rudimento glabro.
Young parts pilosely pubescent ; branches brown, scarcely terete. Leaves alternate, ellip-
tical, coriaceous, narrowed at base and usually acuminate at apex, bluish brown above with
cleanly depressed midrib and inconspicuous lateral veins, brown beneath with inconspicuous
veins, nearly or quite glabrous, 2—2} in. long by {—1+ in. wide including petiole } in., often
conduplicate in specimen.
6. Cymes axillary 3—4flowered, about } in. long, pilose, subferruginous, recurved, pedicels
}—1 in. long; flowers -3,—2 in. long, tetramerous, ovoid in buds; calyx }—} in. long, pubescent
on both sides, 4-fid, lobes erect-patent, deltoid; corolla ;4—% in, long, narrowly ovoid in bud,
glabrous, fleshy, lobes much imbricated; stamens 16, placed in pairs in two rows at base of
corolla, glabrous, }—35 in. long; anthers linear longer than the filaments, pollen somewhat
4- (?) sidedly ellipsoidal. Ovary rudimentary, glabrous. Female plant at present unknown.
Comoro Islands, Mayotte, Boivin /
97. Drospyros Montana, Roxb. Coromand. p. 387. t. 48 (1795).
D. trunco ramisque interdum spinosis, foliis alternis, ovalibus vel ovatis, apice
obtusis vel acutis, bast interdum cordatis, tenuiter coriaceis, pubescentibus vel glabrescentibus,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA, 221
decidurs, petiolatis; floribus masculis breviter cymosis, tetrameris, glabriusculis, calyce late
campanulato, profunde 4-fido, lobis ovatis, ciliatis, corolla urceolatd, breviter 4-lobd, staminibus
16, geminatis, glabris vel subglabris, corolle basi insertis; jfloribus femineis solitariis,
breviter pedunculatis, staminodiis 4—12, glabris, ovario glabro globoso, 8-loculari, loculis
l-ovulatis, stylis 4, glabris, seminibus 2—8, albumine non ruminato; calyce fructifero
paulum aucto, plus minus reflexo.
Wall. List n. 4115, Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 230. n. 34 (1844), Wight Ic. t. 1225 (1850).
D. cordifolia, Roxb. Lec. p. 38. t. 50 (1795); Wall. List n. 4116; Alph. DC. lc. n. 36 ;
Wight, Illustr. Ind. Bot. Vol. m. t. 148 (1850).
D. rugosula, R. Br. Prodr. p. 526 (1810).
D. bracteata, Roxb. Cat. Pl. Fl. Ind. (1813); Fl. Ind. edit. 1832, Vol. m. p. 539 ex
specimine in Hb. Mart.!; Alph. DC. lc. p. 239. n. 93.
D. heterophylla, Wall. Cat. Burm. 599, List n. 4138 (1828—82), Alph. DC. l.c. p. 230. n. 39.
D. sylvatica, Wall. List n. 4117! (1828—82), 8 velutina, Alph. DC. /. c. p. 231. n. 41 var.,
non Roxb.
D. punctata, Decaisne, in N. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. m1. p. 407 (1834) ; Herb. Timor. Discr.
p. 79 (1835); Alph. DC. Zc. p. 230. n. 37.
D. rugulosa, Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 229. n. 82 (1844).
D. Goindu, Dalz. in Kew Journ, tv. p. 111 (1852).
D. Waldemarwi, Klotzsch in Waldemar Reise, p. 101. t. 55 (1862).
Yerra-gada of the Telingas (R. montana, Roxb.) ex Roxb. l.c.; Kak-woolymera of the
Telingas (R. cordifolia, Roxb.) ex Roxb. l.c.; Vakanoi, Neilygerry Mts., base, Leschanault !
198 (large tree), seen in Hb. Mus. Paris; TZumala, the Sanscrit name, Bun-Gaub,
in Bengal, ex Roxb. Fl. Ind. (edit. 1832) vol. 1. p. 538; Kala Gorndu in Canara,
Kala Nuddi, teste Dr Ritchie; Makar Kend, Hindwi dialect of Behar, ex Hamilt. in
Tran. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 113 (1827); Gavindw or Goindu, ex Graham, Cat. Pl. Bomb.
p. 108 (1839) ; Jugalagunti (signifies scolding wife), ex Buchanan, Journey, vol. I. p. 183 (1807).
A tree often with spines scattered over the trunk and larger branches; young
branches softly pubescent, of a pale colour. Leaves oval, oblong, obovate, or ovate-oblong,
alternate, sometimes cordate at base, thinly coriaceous, of nearly the same yellowish-green
colour (in the dry state) on both sides, softly pubescent or glabrescent beneath, softly
puberulous or glabrous above, with depressed midrib and weak veins, deciduous, 1—4—
5 in. long by 4—2—2} in. wide; petioles 3,—}in. long, pubescent or glabrescent. Flowers
white, scentless.
$. Cymes 8-flowered or panicled, }—?in. long, patent or recurved; bracts ovate,
ciliate, ;;in. long; at base of the pedicels; flowers }+—, in. long. Calyx 4 or 4 length
of flower, deeply 4-fid, on both sides pubescent or nearly glabrous, with deltoid or
rounded ciliated lobes. Corolla urceolate, shortly 4-lobed; lobes rounded, recurved; glabrous
or nearly so. Stamens 16, united at base in 8 pairs and inserted at base of corolla,
glabrous or very nearly so, with very short hairs, appearing at mouth of open corolla.
Ovary rudimentary, glabrous except apex.
Q. Flowers solitary, }—2in. long, on recurved peduncles ;,—4 in. long, which bear
small caducous bracts. Calyx puberulous or nearly glabrous, deeply 4-fid, {—} in. long,
222 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
with imbricated often ciliated lobes. Corolla rather exceeding the calyx, glabrous, 4-fid.
Staminodes 4, 8, 12, glabrous. Ovary glabrous, globular, 8-celled, cells l-ovuled; styles 4,
glabrous, bifid at apex. Fruit globose, }—1}in. in diameter, glabrous and shining; fruiting
calyx more or less reflexed, somewhat accrescent; seeds 2—6—8, albumen not ruminated
(in D. rugosula, R. Br., there are two contiguous slight intrusions of the testa along
the outer side of the seed). The wood is dark-coloured or variegated, hard and durable.
Dr Dalzell states that bees are very fond of the flowers.
There are two principal forms:
a. montana proper. D. montana, Roxb, D. Goindu, Dalz. D. heterophylla, Wall.
Leaves oval, 3—4 in. long. ¢ flowers panicled, with calyx glabrous except ciliate margin.
@ flowers with 4 staminodes.
B. cordifolia. D. cordifolia, Roxb., D. punctata, Decaisne, D. rugosula, R. Br. D.
Waldemarii, Kl. Leaves oblong, often cordate at base, 1—2}in. long. ¢ flowers 3
together with hairy calyx. 9 flowers with 8 (D. Waldemarii) or 12 staminodes.
India, Madras, Shuter/; Othacalmundapum, Kew list 1724!; Patna, Dr Ritchie! 1240;
Moradabad, Dr T. Thomson! 985; ottler! 361; Sirhind, Dr YT. Thomson!; Bengal,
Edgeworth! 6006; Ambala, Edgeworth!; Pinjor Valley, Edgeworth!; Ceylon, Thwaites! C. P.
1909; sea coast, Tinnevelly district, Kew list 1717!; Pondichéry, Perrottet! Sikkim, Dr
Hooker! ; Courtallum, Kew list 1713!, 1726!; Bombay, Dalzell/; Concan, Dr Stocks! ;
Canara, Dr Ritchie! 970; Belgaum, Dr Ritchie 972; Himalaya, Hoffmeister, teste KI.
l.c.; Ava, Wallich! ; India, Magadi, Hejuru,S. W. Mysore. Timor, Decaisne! N. Australia,
Victoria River, #. Mueller/, Carpentaria, &. Brown/; Australia, Port Darwin, Schultz! na.
607, 608. The natives are prejudiced against this tree. Buch. Ham. Journey, vol. 1.
p. 183, vol. m. 125.
Cfr. Diospyros sp. Bedd. in Clegh. For. 259 (1861), Muchi tanki; a very hard light-
coloured wood, Godavari forests, Madras.
98. DiIospyROS ZOLLINGERI, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, obovato-oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi plerisque rotundatis, coriaceis,
glabrescentibus, petiolatis; floribus masculis axillaribus cymosis tetrameris, fulvo-pubescentibus,
calyce campanulato, lobis deltoideis, corolld breviter 4-fidd, campanulatd, staminibus 16,
geminatis, glabriusculis, ovartii rudimento glabro.
Young parts and inflorescence puberulous or pubescent. Leaves alternate, obovate-
oblong, acuminate at apex, usually rounded at base, glabrescent, 4—8 in. long, by 1—24
in. wide; midrib and lateral veins depressed above and in clear relief beneath; petioles
about } in. long.
8. Inflorescence in short cymes axillary or in the axils of fallen leaves. Abortive
buds in some cases are arranged in a panicle. Flowers tetramerous, tawny-pubescent;
calyx campanulate, jin. high by }in. wide, 4-fid, nearly glabrous inside, lobes deltoid;
corolla (in bud) }in. long, ovoid, shortly 4-lobed, appressedly pubescent; stamens 16,
united in 8 pairs at the top of the filaments, nearly equal, inserted at the base of the
corolla, not quite glabrous, but with short hairs on the back of the anthers and on the
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 223
upper part of the filaments; anthers dehiscing widely on both sides downwards from
apex, pollen subglobose, smooth; ovary rudimentary, glabrous.
Java, Zollinger! n. 2651. A specimen from Assam, collected by Col. Jenkins, has
also abortive buds arranged in a considerable panicle; it does not however appear to belong
to this species, having a somewhat different foliage, resembling in this respect D. variegata; Kurz.
99. Drospyros cimt1aTa, Alph. DC. Prodr. vin. p. 229. n. 31 (1844), non Rafin.
D. folus alternis, ovato-ellipticis, basi obtusis, apice acuminatis acutisve, ciliatis, membra-
naceis; floribus femineis axillaribus, breviter pedicillatis, tetrameris, calyce partito, lobis ova-
tis obtusis, corolld campanulatd.
Branches glabrous. Leaves alternate, ovate-elliptical, obtuse at base, acuminate or
acute at apex, ciliate, 2—3in. long (including petiole 55,in. long) by 1—1} in. wide,
membranous, with the nervation of the leaves as in D. virginiana except that the
margin is ciliate and the acumen is usually acute.
2. Flowers axillary, on glabrous pedicels much shorter than the petiole or flower,
tetramerous or sometimes pentamerous, 4in. long. Calyx 4-partite, silky inside at base,
with ovate obtuse reflexed lobes; corolla glabrous, campanulate, narrower above, 4-fid, with
obtuse lobes. Styles 4, united to the middle, glabrous, longer than the calycine lobes.
Fruit edible.
S. Mexico, Pavon!
100. Drospyros Lotus, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1057 (1753).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, utrinque sepius obtusis, submembranaceis, subtus sepe pallidiori-
bus et pubescentibus, petiolatis; floribus masculis 2—3-nis brevissime cymosis, subsessilibus,
urceolatis, 4- rarissime 5-meris, axillaribus, calyce campanulato, lobis acutis, corolld breviter
lobatd, staminibus 16, geminatis, antheris glabriusculis, filamentis glabris; floribus femineis
solitariis, staminodiis 8, ovario apice excepto glabro, 8-locularibus, fructibus subglobosis,
edulibus.
Pallas, Fl. Ross. t. 58 et t. 59 fig. inferior, tom. I pars. 11 p. 20 (1788).
Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Méth. vol. v. p. 428 (1804), t. 858 fig. inf. (1823).
Nouveau Duhamel, vol. vi. p. 83. t. 26 (1801—19).
Turpin, Dict. Sc. Nat. Planch. vol. m1. t. 65 (1816—29).
Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 228. n. 28 (1844).
Reichenb. Pl. Ic. Fl. Germ. et Helv. (xvi) t. 1079 (1855), non Lour. Fl. Cochinch.
p. 226 (1790).
Ermellinus, Cesalp. De Plantis, lib. m1. cap. XxI. p. 104 (1583).
Pseudolotus, Camer. Epit. p. 156 (1586).
Lotus africana altera, Camer. Epit. p. 157 (1586).
Lignum Vite, Gerarde Herball, p. 1309 (1597).
Guaiacum patavinum, Gerarde Herball, p. 1310 (1597).
224 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
D. Kaki, var. 8. Thunb. Fl. Japon. p. 158 (1784), var. y. glabra, Alph. DC. Prodr. vim.
p. 229. n. 30 (1844); non Linn.
D. microcarpa, Sieb. in Ann. Soc. Hortic. Pays Bas 1844, p. 28.
D. japonica, Sieb. et Zuce. in Abh. Bayer. Acad. Iv. 3. p. 136 (1846).
D. Umlovok, Griff. Itin. Not. p. 355 n. 137. (1848).
Dactylus trapezuntinus, Forskal Fl. Agypt—Arab. p. XxXvi. (1775).
A dicecious moderate-sized tree or shrub, from 15 ft. high upwards; bark dark, rough,
scored, but less so than in D. virginiana, L.; young parts pubescent. Leaves alternate,
submembranous, more or less elliptical, usually paler beneath and often pubescent, 2—6 in.
long by 1—2}in. wide; petioles 1—$in. long. Flowers tetramerous, or by exception
pentamerous, axillary.
&é. Flowers subsessile, 2—3 together, about 1 in. long, urceolate. Calyx campanulate,
about } in. long, shortly 4-fid; lobes ovate, acute. Corolla urceolate-oblong, nearly or quite
glabrous, 1rd way 4-lobed; lobes ciliate, obtuse, recurved. Stamens 16, combined by their
glabrous filaments in 8 pairs; two pairs opposite each corolla-lobe; each pair consists of a
shorter inner and longer outer stamen; filaments inserted at base of corolla-tube; anthers
not quite glabrous. Ovary rudimentary.
@. Flowers solitary, subsessile, wider than in the g. Calyx ultimately spreading.
Corolla often remaining at apex of the young fruit, urceolate, yellowish white. Staminodes 8,
in one row inserted at the base of the corolla, hairy. Ovary glabrous, except at apex from
which 4 hairy lines often descend down the fruit, 8-celled, cells 1-ovuled; styles 4, some-
what pubescent below. Fruit subsessile or apparently sessile, often with a glaucous tinge,
subglobose, 2—#, in. thick; fruiting calyx spreading, }—% in. across, with a ring of short
dense appressed silky hairs on the inside below the fruit. Flesh of the fruit astringent.
Naturalized in the countries on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Russia in Asia,
Pallas, called Kurma by the Persians, Churma or Kard-churma in Tartary, Dikot Phenik
in Astracan; Asia Minor, Zohrab/; Turkey in Asia, Lazistan, near Rhize, spontaneous,
Boissier/ n. 1464; Caucasus; China, Hance/ n. 13753, Canton; Pekin Mountains, Bunge ;
Zsing Yune Pass, along North river, about 120 miles from Canton, Hance; Affghanistan,
Griffith / n. 1289; N. W. India, common on the Huzara from 3000—6000 ft. alt., male plant
called Gwaladar, female Amlok, Dr Stewart! n. 424; Tsu-sima Island, Straits of Corea,
Wilford/; Japan, Nagasaki, Oldham! n. 529, called Sinanokaki.
101. Drospyros vire@rntANaA, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1057 (1753).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, utrinque obtusis, submembranaceis, pubescentibus vel glabrescen-
tibus, petiolatis, floribus masculis 1—38-nis, breviter cymosis, axillaribus, 4- rarius 5-meris,
urceolatis, calyce campanulato, lobis lanceolatis, corolld breviter lobatd, staminibus 16, geminatis,
paulum pubescentibus; floribus femineis solitarvis breviter pedunculatis, staminodiis 8, ovario
apice excepto glabro, 8-locularibus, fructibus subglobosis, edulibus.
Gaertn. fil. Carp. (111) p. 188. t. 207 (1805).
Michaux, Arb. Amer. Septr. 11. p. 195. t. 12 (1812),
Collin, Férslag af nagra Nord-americas Triid, p. 28 (1823).
bo
bo
or
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA,
Watson, Dendr. Brit. 1. t. 146 (1825).
Rafinesque, Medic. Fl. N. Amer. i. p. 153. t. 32 (1828).
Alph. DC. Prodr. vil. p. 228. n. 29 (1844).
Belgique Horticole, Iv. p. 118. tab. (1854).
Ettingsh. Blatt-skel. Dikot. p. 89. t. 38. f. 12 (1861).
Pishamin, Parkinson, Paradis. p. 570 (1629), Theatr. p. 1523. f. 4 (1640).
concolor, Moench, Meth. p. 470 (1794).
guaiacana, Robin, Voyages, vol. 1. p. 417 (1807).
pubescens, Pursh, Fl. N. Amer. p. 265 (1814), non Pers.
caroliniana, Muhlenb. ex Rafin. Florul. Ludovic. p. 139 (1817).
Persimon, Wikstr. Jahr. Schwed. 1830, p. 92 (1834).
ciliata, Rafin. New Flora and Bot. N. Amer. part II. p. 25 (1836), non Alph. DC.
fertilis, Lodd. Cat. ex Loud. Arb. et Frut. Brit. 1. 1197 (1838).
calycina, Audib. Cat. Hort. Tonn. 9. ex Spach, Hist. Végét. rx. p. 405 (1840), non Wall. &e.
angustifolia, Audib. ex Spach, Hist. Végét. 1x. p. 405 (1840).
lucida, Hort. ex Loud. Gard. Mag. 1841, p. 394, non Wall.
intermedia, Hort. ex Loud. Encycl. Trees and Shrubs, p. 627 (1842).
tree attaining in favourable places 60 feet in height and 20 in. in diameter in the
trunk, according to Michaux, from whom other details are taken. The trunk of full-grown
FSSSSSESSESSESS
trees is covered with much and deeply-cracked blackish bark; the sap-wood after drying
keeps a clear greenish colour, and the heart is brown. The wood is hard, compact and
tough, and is used for several mechanical purposes. The inner bark is said to be useful
in intermittent fevers. Young parts pubescent. Branches spreading at 50°’—60°. Leaves
alternate, submembranous, more or less oval, slightly narrowed, rounded or even slightly
cordate at base, usually shortly acuminate at apex, paler beneath and often pubescent;
2—7 in. long (besides pubescent petiole }—Zin. long) by 1—3} in. wide. Flowers tetramerous
or occasionally pentamerous, greenish.
$. Flowers in short 1—8-flowered pubescent cymes which measure (excluding the
flowers) about 4in. long. Calyx small, about 4, in. high, partite, hairy, with lanceolate
lobes. Corolla tubular-urceolate, } in. long, or in subhermaphrodite flowers } in. long, lobes
one-third the length of the corolla. Stamens 16, in pairs, somewhat hairy. Ovary glabrous,
rudimentary.
2. Flower solitary, } in. long and wide, on peduncles =, in. long; ovary glabrous, pilose
at apex, 8-celled, cells 1-ovuled; styles 4, pilose at base. Fruit solitary, on peduncles { in.
long, subglobose, 1—1} in. in diameter, glabrous, edible, tipped at apex with remains of style;
skin thin, of a pale orange-colour when ripe, often marked externally with 4 depressed lines
running down from the apex, and with a slight pruinose bloom; pulp with a sweetish apricot-
like taste when ripe but somewhat astringent; seeds 6—8, sometimes 3—5, about 3 in. long,
8 in. broad and } in. thick. Fruiting calyx spreading, 4-fid, occasionally 5-fid (in one case
small and trifid in a cultivated specimen), ?—1} in. across, subglabrous; lobes broadly ovate,
13 in. broad, usually somewhat concave from below and not appressed to the fruit, with
recurved margins; tube convex from above with a circular depression at its outer margin.
The fruit, which is locally known by the name of Persimon, does not fully ripen north
Vou. XII. Part L 29
226 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
of New Jersey; it is said to become better fit to eat after it has suffered frost, and then
it becomes very sweet but mawkish. Though eaten by the negroes, and often brought to
market, it is not a table-fruit. There is however a sweet variety (D. virginzana, L. var. dul-
cis), which is said to yield a good table-fruit. “For an interesting account of the properties
of the tree and its fruit, see the inaugural thesis of the late Professor Woodhouse, of the
University of Pennsylvania.” Darlington, Florula Cestrica, p. 47 (1826).
Two other inaugural essays have been devoted to the study of the fruit of this tree;
one by Benj. R. Smith, printed in the American Journal of Pharmacy, October, 1846, pp. 161
—167, and the other by John E. Bryan, in the same journal, May, 1860, pp. 215—217. From
these essays the following results are taken. The fruit contains tannin, pectin (or perhaps
malic acid), sugar, lignin and colouring matter and neither vegetable albumen starch nor resin.
Of 600 grains of green persimon there were found to be 119 grs. of insoluble resinous matter,
64 grs. of saccharine matter slightly acid, 22 grs. of ligneous matter, 1 of green colouring
matter, and the remaining 394 grs. were supposed to be water. It is further supposed that
in the young fruit lignin serves as a sort of frame-work and as a means of circulation for the
juices of the plant; but as the fruit ripens the lignin is converted into sugar, 20 parts of lignin
producing 21 parts of sugar. The astringent principle is tannin analogous to that of Cinchona,
Catechu, &c., and different from that of galls and oak-bark; and the fruit retains its astringency
when dried carefully.
An astringent and styptic. The inner bark is used in intermittent fever, in diarrhea,
and with alum as a gargle in ulcerated sore throat. An indelible ink can also be made from
the fruit. (See Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests, by Dr Porcher, pp. 423—427,
Charleston, 1869.)
In the southern United States of N. America the fruit hangs during part of the winter on
the tree a long time after the fall of the leaves; and when at length it too falls, it is eagerly eaten
by both wild and domestic animals. In Virginia, Carolina and the western States, the fruit
is gathered, kneaded with bran, made into cakes and baked. These cakes mixed with tepid
water serve to make beer with the addition of hops and yeast to cause fermentation. Spirit
is also distilled by further fermentation. Neither the beer nor the spirit is made for the
purposes of commerce.
This species with its varieties has a foliage exceedingly like D. Lotus, L.; it differs from the
latter by the male cymes and female peduncles being rather longer and by the larger flowers
and fruit. Some specimens with regard to which the native country is unknown, though
clearly belonging to one of these species, are extremely difficult to assign to either one of
them with certainty.
Michaux also speaks of a variety with smaller fruit, compressed seeds, and leaves pubes-
cent underneath: this is D. pubescens, Pursh. Fl. N. Amer. p. 265 (1814) and the var. 8. micro-
carpa, Rafin. Med. Fl. 11. p. 153. t. 32. A variety is occasionally met with in Sumter district,
S. Carolina, with fruit about twice the ordinary size (Dr Porcher). DD. intermedia, Hort. is a
variety with more numerous (about 20) hairy stamens. Polygamous flowers occur in cultivated
specimens of this species.
North America, United States, St Louis, Drummond!, Riehl! n. 178; New Orleans,
T. Drummond! n. 204 bis; “Woods and old fields, Rhode Island and New York to Illinois,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 227
and southward,” Asa Gray; “Florida! to Mississippi and northward,” Chapman; Cumberland,
Olney! ; Missouri, Buckley! ; Virginia, Portsmouth, Rugel/, A. Gray! ; Kansas, Engelmann.
It is cultivated in British Guiana, and has long been introduced into Europe.
102. Diospyros Kaki, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 439 (1781).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, utrinque obtusis vel angustatis, submembranaceis, subtus
pubescentibus, petiolatis ; floribus masculis axillaribus, ternis, cymosis, tetrameris, urceolatis,
calyce campanulato, lobis ovatis vel lanceolatis, corolld extus pubescente, staminihus sepius 16,
geminatis, leviter pubescentibus ; jloribus femineis sepius solitariis, pedunculatis, staminodiis
sepius 8, ovario sepius 8-loculart, fructibus globosis edulibus sepe magnis.
Wight Ic. t. 415 (1840); Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 229. n. 30 excl. var. y. glabra
(1844); Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 157 excl. var. 8. (1784); non Blanco.
Ficus hortensis, fructu ossiculato eduli, folio Pyri, Kempf. Amcenit. exotic. p. 805 (1712).
(2) D. lobata, Lour. Flor. Cochinch. p. 227 (1790); Alph. DC. lc. p. 233. n. 53.
D. chinensis, Blume, Catal. Buitenz. p.110 (1823); Flora, 1825, p. 254; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.
p. 670 (1825).
D. Schi-Tse, Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. n. 237. p. 42 (1832).
Embryopteris Kaki, G. Don, Gen. Dict. Gard. and Bot. Iv. p. 41 (1837).
D. costata, Carr. in Rey. Hortic. 1870, p. 134 (fig. p. 133).
D. Kaki var. costata, André in L'Ilustration Hortic. vol. xvi. p. 176. t. 78 (1871).
D. Roxburghi, Carriere in Revue horticole, 1872, p. 253. fig. 28, 29.
Local names ; Ono Kaki, Kempfer Amenit. pp. 805, 807. fig. p. 806 (1712) ; Kakwe, Javan
name ex Bl. Bijdr. l.c.; Ahi, Rumph, Herb. Amboin. vol. 1. p. 137 (1750).
A small tree; young branches inflorescence and underside of leaves pubescent or sub-
tomentose. Leaves alternate, submembranous, more or less oval and acuminate at apex, paler
beneath, 2—7 in. long by 1—3}in. wide; petioles 1—2in. long. Flowers pedunculate, dicecious
or polygamous, tetramerous.
$. Cymes axillary 1—+in. long, 3-flowered; pedicels about jin. long; flowers usually
drooping, variable in size, 1—}in. long; calyx slightly hairy, with 4 deep ovate or lanceolate
lax lobes, shorter than the corolia; corolla hairy outside, urceolate, yellowish-white ; stamens
16 (1424), in pairs, more or less hairy, filaments short. "
9. Flowers usually solitary, or pubescent, axillary; 2-bracteate peduncles ;,—? in. long,
dilated and articulated to fruit at apex; calyx large, hairy on both sides, deeply 4-fid, about
lin. or more wide, with widely ovate spreading lobes, cordate at the base, much accrescent in
fruit at least in most cases, with a thickened and hairy shallow tube in fruit; corolla pu-
berulous, about 1—} in. high and wide, 4-fid, with 4-oval recurved lobes; staminodes 8 (or 16%);
ovary 8—10-celled, glabrous or nearly so; style hairy, 4fid; fruit glabrous or nearly so, glo-
bular, sometimes as big as an orange, reddish or yellow, 8—10-celled [?in D. lobata, Lour. 1 in.
in diameter and lobed], in D. costata, Carr. 2in. in diameter and more or less deeply ribbed
or lobed. The Chinese preserve the fruits with sugar.
This species has been for a long time under cultivation in China, Japan, &c. and presents
much variety in the size and shape of its fruit. By the kindness of M. Carritre I have been
29—2
228 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEAL.
supplied with specimens of his D. costata, and I am also indebted to M. Decaisne for the
inspection of original drawings of other forms of this species. On the whole view of the case
I prefer to consider all as belonging to one species, which has under cultivation assumed
much perplexing variation. Some varieties are considerably more hardy than others; the
foliage also in some forms is fine and shining, in others smaller and more pubescent.
D. lobata, Lour. may very possibly belong to this species, but the fruit is described as
only lin. in diameter.
D. Kaki, L. £. is closely allied to D. Lotus, L. and D. virginiana, L., all of which
species are very variable and indeed are likely to be confused amongst each other ; D. virgin-
iana, L. holds a middle position in respect of the size of the fruit and the length of the
inflorescence.
Fruit [see Hasskarl in Bonplandia, vil. p. 255 (1859)] globose, with a diameter of 2 in. or
very depressedly globose, 2}in. wide and 1$in. high, glabrous and shining, scarlet; skin thin,
membranous; flesh of an orange-scarlet colour, edible, sweet, with yellow fibres joined at the
base, and then forked and longitudinally dispersed towards the surface; fruiting calyx with a
brick-coloured tube and green reflexed lobes. Seeds laterally compressed; in the globose
fruits 6, oblong, one face nearly straight the other convex, blunt at the apex, acute at the
base, a little produced laterally, lin. long, }in. wide; in the depresso-globose fruits 8, one
face rather straight the other more than semi-orbicular, widely rounded at the apex, rather
acute at the base, scarcely produced; all dark, smooth, well wrapt in the fleshy pulp of the
mesocarp, and when carefully removed from the flesh rather shining, marked on the convex
face along its whole length with an acute yellowish raphe jin. thick. Testa thin, coria-
ceous; albumen milk-white, cartilaginous; embryo small in proportion to the albumen,
straight ; radicle terete, very slightly curved or usually straight, white, }in. long; cotyledons
thin, whitish, lying parallel side by side, in the globose fruits ovate acute jin. long by
;;in. wide, in the depresso-globose fruits subrotund, $ in. in diameter.
Japan, Nagasaki, fr. ripe in Oct., Oldham! 528, C. Wright! ; Tsu-sima Island, Str. of
Corea, C. Wilford! 756, @ fl. May; Formosa, Oldham! n. 299; Khasia, Dr Hooker!,
fruit, Sept.
For a discussion of D. costata, Carr., in addition to the above reference, see a note
by M. Carritre on D. Kaki in Rev. Hortic. 1869, p. 284; a letter of M. Decaisne in the
Gardener’s Chronicle for 1870, p. 39; a letter of M. Carrigre in Gard. Chr. 1870, p. 312;
and a paper with woodcuts and coloured plate by M. Carritre in Rey. Hortic. 1871, p. 410;
also André in L’Illustr. Hortic. loc. cit. where the same coloured plate is given, and
the Gardeners Chronicle for 1872, p. 576, whence the accompanying figure has been
obtained.
M. Carritre describes his D. Roxburghi as a moneecious shrub, at times subdiccious by
abortion; the male flowers very numerous in comparison with the female and bearing 15—20
stamens; the fruit 12 in. (2 in. in figure) in diameter, with numerous brown prominences
especially towards the apex. He thinks it identical with the D. Kaki, Roxb. from India, but
quite distinct from the D. Kaki, Thunb. from Japan ; he finds it considerably more tender and
sensitive to cold and much less productive of fruit. It must however be borne in mind that
M. Carritre has described his species from a cultivated specimen, and also that the whole group
of Kaki has been long cultivated in Japan, China and elsewhere, and thus it may be expected
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ. 229
230 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
that many differences have been acquired under cultivation extended over a wide geographical
area which, while worthy of distinct notice in a horticultural point of view, yet do not properly
amount to specific importance. The allied species D. virginiana, L. and D. Lotus, L. are in a
similar manner subject to great variation and from similar causes.
I have examined the herbaria both of Linnzus and of Sir J. E. Smith (including that of
Linnzus the younger) without finding an authentic specimen of D. Kaki; but I think there is
no doubt but the D. Kaki of Thunberg is identical with that of Linn. fil.
103. DIospyros CHARTACEA, Wall. List n. 4135 (1828—382).
D. glabra, foliis alternis, elongato-lanceolatis, apice acuminatis, basi obtusis, submembra-
naceis, minute pellucido-punctatis, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis ternis, subsessilibus,
tetrameris, calyce elongato-cylindrico, 4-fido, lobis ovatis, ciliatis; corolld brevi, 4-fidd, lobis
obtusis, staminibus 16—20, geminatis, antheris pilosis, ovarii rudimento glabro.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 282. n. 51 (1844).
Glabrous or very nearly so. Leaves elongate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, rounded or
somewhat narrowed at base, submembranous, minutely pellucid-punctate, alternate, 2—93 in.
long, by }—3 in. wide; petioles ;,—} in. long; lateral veins prominent below.
6. Flowers subsessile, subglobose (in bud), 1; in. in diameter, ternate, crowded, in small
very short cymes; bracts 2 or 3 times shorter than the flowers, ovate, acute, subciliate.
Flowers {in. long, quite glabrous except the margins of the ciliated calyx-lobes. Calyx
shortly cylindrical, 4-fid, with ovate rounded much imbricated lobes. Corolla (in bud) scarcely
longer than the calyx, 4fid; lobes ovate, obtuse. Stamens 16—20, in pairs; anthers shortly
pilose, filaments short, ;in. long (in bud). Ovary rudimentary, glabrous.
Burma, Trogla hills, Bank of Sallun, Wallich! 4135.
104, Diospyros VAccrINIoIDES, Lindl. in Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 139 (1825).
D. fruticosa, foliis alternis, ovalibus, apice apiculatis sepe acutis, basi angustatis, supra
glabris nitidis, coriaceis, subsessilibus; floribus masculis 1—3-nis subsessilibus aaillaribus
4-meris, bracteis ovatis ciliatis imbricatis, calyce 4-partito, corolla lobaté, lobis lanceolatis
acutis patentibus, staminibus 16, geminatis, glabris, corolle basi insertis ; floribus femineis
solitarvis, subsessilibus, staminodiis 4—8, glabris, uniseriulibus, ovario inferne glabro, 8-loculari ;
Jructibus globosis vel ellipsoideis, albumine non ruminato, calyce non accrescente.
Loddiges, Cab. t. 1549 (1829); Wall. List n. 4130 (1828—32).
Rospidios vaceinioides, Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 220 (1844), Benth. Fl. Hongk. p- 210
(1861), Hance in Ann, Sc. Nat. ser. V. vol. v. p. 227 (1866).
Non Vaccinium Sprengelii, Wall. List 6296! Vide Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. p. 333
(1845).
Vaccinium fragrans, Wall. ex Voigt, l.c. p. 345.
D. vaccinifolia, Ettingsh. Beitr. Kenntniss. Foss. Fl. vy. Sotzka in Untersteiermark, in
Sitzungsberichte der Math,-naturw. Cl. Kais. Akad. Wissensch. Xxvul. p. 494. t. v. fig. 5—6
(1858).
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 231
A small, erect, twiggy, leafy and evergreen shrub, resembling Buaus sempervirens.
Branches covered with shaggy rufous silky hairs when young, then puberulous and finally
glabrate, spreading at about 30° Leaves oval, apiculate and often acute at apex, more
or less narrowed at base, alternate, subsessile, coriaceous, appressedly pubescent beneath
when young, shining and glabrous above; 3—14in. long by }—%in. wide; midrib depressed
above ; without conspicuous veins.
é. Flowers in. long, tetramerous, drooping, subsessile, in very short 1—3-flowered
axillary rufous-hairy cymes; bracts ovate, ciliated, imbricated, caducous. Calyx 4-partite, with
4 lanceolate-subulate erect-patent lobes Lin. deep pubescent on both sides. Corolla scarcely
longer than the calyx, 4-fid, with lanceolate spreading lobes, with 4 hairy lines arid.
Stamens 16 (12 ex Alph. DC.), glabrous, in pairs, the iuner ones shorter, Gneented at the
base of the corolla-tube; anthers rather shorter than the filaments, dehiscing laterally from
apex. Ovary rudimentary, hairy.
9. Flowers solitary, subsessile. Bracts caducous. Calyx 4—2in. long, hairy, 4-partite,
with linear-lanceolate lobes. Corolla shorter than the calyx, 4-fid, with 4 hairy lines outside
and lanceolate acute recurved lobes. Staminodes 4—8, glabrous, in one row, inserted at the base
of the corolla-tube. Ovary ovoid, prolonged at apex into a pubescent 4-lobed style, glabrous
below; (3-celled according to Lindley) 8-celled; cells 1-ovuled. Fruit globose or ellipsoidal,
shining, usually glabrous except at apex, “3-celled,” about }in. high; cells 1-seeded; albumen
not ruminated, cartilaginous; embryo axile, straight, cotyledons large foliaceous. Fruiting
calyx not accrescent.
China; Hong Kong, Major Champion!; C. Wilford !; Millett!; Hance! 604; C. Wright!
312; S. China, Seemann! 2454; Malacca, Griffith! 3643; Singapore, Penang, &e. Walker !,
Wallich !
Var. pellucido-punctata. Leaves pellucid-punctate, thinly coriaceous. Fruit with scat-
tered hairs. South Andaman, S. Kurz!
105. D1ospyROS CAYENNENSIS, Alph. DC. Prodr. vii. p. 224. n. 8 (1844).
D. foliis alternis, oblongis, obtusis, basi angustatis, supra nitidis glaberrimis, subtus
glabrescentibus, coriaceis, petiolatis; floribus 1—3-nis brevissime cymosis subsessilibus ferru-
gineo-velutinis, calyce turbinato profunde 4-lobo, corolla calyce sublongiore, staminibus 10—12,
glabris, ovario in flore femineo ovoideo glabro 8-loculari.
Danzleria axillaris, Bert. ex Alph. DC. 1. c.
Young shoots and flowers ferruginous-velutinous. Leaves alternate, oblong, obtuse or
obtusely acuminate, abruptly narrowed at base, coriaceous, shining and quite glabrous above,
glabrescent beneath, green on both sides in the dry state, 3—5in. long by 1—1jin. wide,
reticulated; more or less revolute at the margin, petioles $in. long or shorter. Flowers
drooping, puberulous, tetramerous; peduncles much shorter than the calyx.
&. Flowers solitary or 3 together. Calyx 4in. long; lobes sub-erect, widely ovate,
undulated, silky on both sides, thickened within over a triangular space at base. Corolla
ovoid, sub-tetragonal, contorted in bud, fleshy, somewhat hairy outside. Stamens 10—12,
glabrous, distinct or in pairs ; anthers subulate.
232 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
©. Flowers axillary, 1—3 together, }in. long; pedicels equalling the petioles. Calyx
curbinate at base, deeply 4-fid; lobes wide, cordate. Corolla silky outside, rather longer
than the calyx. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, 8-celled, fruiting calyx nearly fin. high by more
than }in. wide, 4fid, with reflexed undulated lobes and shallowly cup-shaped crass tube
having internal elevated rim, appressedly and shortly hairy inside.
Cayenne, French Guiana!; cultivated in Jamaica, Berter/, but not mentioned in Grise-
bach’s Flora of the British West Indies.
106. Dtospyros LXVIs, Boj. ex Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 232. n. 50 (1844).
D. glabra, foliis alternis, ellipticis, utringue angustatis, coriaceis, breviter petiolatis ;
floribus masculis, 1—3-nis, subsessilibus, tetrameris, calyce campanulato, corolle lobis obtusis,
staminibus 16, geminatis, glabris.
Glabrous. Branches slender, black in dried state. Leaves alternate, elliptical, attenuate
at both ends, rather obtuse at very apex, coriaceous, revolute at the margins, 3in. long
by 14—1} in. wide; lateral veins scarcely conspicuous; midrib depressed above ; petioles } in.
long.
&. Flowers solitary or 3 together, subsessile, tin. long, glabrous; calyx campanulate,
shortly 4-fid, with acute ciliated deltoid lobes; corolla shortly 4-fid, double the length of
the calyx or less, lobes widely ovate, obtuse; stamens 16, in pairs, unequal, apiculate,
glabrous.
Madagascar, East coast, Bojer! , Helsonberg !
107. Diospyros THOUARSH, sp. nov.
D. glabra, foliis alternis, ellipticis, utrinque paulum angustatis, coriaceis, subsessilibus ;
floribus masculis, aggregatis, brevissime cymosis, tetrameris, urceolatis, calyce parvo, 4-lobo,
staminibus 12, glabris, in flore femineo paucis, ovario ovoideo, 8-loculuri.
Dark, glabrous except the bracts. Leaves alternate, elliptical, subsessile, coriaceous,
somewhat narrowed at both ends, obtuse; veins reticulated, inconspicuous; midrib somewhat
depressed above; 1}—8in. long by }—1}in. wide, rich dark brown beneath; margins just
thickened beneath. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, short; bracts small, ciliated.
6. Flowers }in. long by jin. wide, urceolate. Calyx stin. long by ;!,in. wide, shortly
4-fid, lobes depresso-deltoid, apiculate; corolla }in. long, jin. wide, barrel-shaped, } way
4-lobed; lobes imbricated sinistrorsely, depresso-ovate; stamens 12, mostly or all inserted
at base of corolla (some in pairs?), glabrous; anthers much exceeding the filaments, de-
hiscing laterally from apex; pollen ellipsoidal, smooth. Ovary 0.
@. Calyx jin. long by {—2in. wide, deeply 4-fid; lobes widely ovate, sub-cordate
at base, apiculate at apex, suberect, accrescent. Corolla equalling the calyx, deeply 4-fid,
not spreading. Staminodes 2 or more, 4 (%), small, inserted at base of corolla. Ovary
ovoid, terminated by short 4-lobed style, 8-celled, cells 1-ovuled.
Madagascar, Hb. Petit-Thouars! in Mus. Paris.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE, 233
108. DrospyRos CHLOROXYLON, Roxb. Coromand. 1. p. 38. t. 49 (1795).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, basi sepius rotundatis apice mucronatis, tenuiter coriaceis,
subtus tomentosis, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis aggregatis, subsessilibus, 4—10-nis, te-
trameris, calyce campanulato, dense pubescente, profunde 4-fido, corolld 4-fida, staminibus 16,
bisertalibus, glabris ; floribus femineis solitariis, sessilibus, staminodiis circiter 8, glabris, ovario
glabro, 8-loculari; fructibus globosis, glabris, edulibus, seminum albumine non ruminato.
Wall. List n. 4118 (1828—82), Alph. DC. Prodr. vii. p. 230. n. 40 (1844).
D tomentosa, Poir. Encycl. v. p. 436. n. 22 (1804), non Roxb.
D. capitulata, R. Wight Ic. tt. 1224, 1588 bis (1850).
Cfr. D. glauca, Rottler in Gesellschaft Naturforschender freunde zu Berlin, Neue Schrift.
Iv. p. 221 (1803); Alph. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 288. n. 84 (1844).
Nella-woolymera of the Telingas, Roxb. Corom. l.¢.; Neenye or Ninet in Surat, Dr Gibson.
A tree of middle size with irregular trunk, or in low lands only a large bush; bark
scabrous, dark rust-coloured; branches spreading, sometimes spinous; young shoots pubes-
cent-tomentose, subfulvous. Leaves oval or oval-oblong, usually rounded at base and mucronate
at apex, thinly coriaceous; pubescent or subglabrescent and dark green on upper side}
more or less tomentose and sub-tawny beneath, alternate, 3—3 in. long by 2—1,3, in. wide;
petioles j;—} in. long; midrib depressed above; lateral veins not conspicuous. Inflorescence
tawny densely pubescent; flowers white.
6. Flowers clustered sessile or subsessile, 4—10 together, about }in. long, tetramerous ;
on peduncles jz m. long, with very short pedicels; bracts oval, small, glabrous inside.
Calyx about j;in. high, campanulate, densely tawny-pubescent, deeply 4-fid, with apiculate
lobes, glabrous inside. Corolla 4-fid, glabrous except 4 lines of hairs outside. Stamens 16,
in 2 rows, inserted more or less in pairs, receptacle or at base of corolla, glabrous, the
inner ones shorter; longer filaments as long as anthers; anthers dehiscing laterally from
apex; connective apiculate or prolonged. Receptacle glabrous; ovary rudimentary glabrous.
@. Flowers solitary, sessile (or subsessile in Wight Ic. t. 1588 bis), about tin. long,
tetramerous ; bracts longer than in 6, shorter than the calyx. Calyx +in. long, campan-
ulate, pale tawny, densely pubescent; lobes 3rds depth of calyx, apiculate. Corolla erect,
glabrous, except 4 hairy lines down middle of lobes; lobes 4—2rds depth of corolla, ovate-
lanceolate. Staminodes 7—9, glabrous, in one row, hypogynous or inserted at base of corolla,
Ovary glabrous, surmounted by 4 erect glabrous styles, 8-celled; cells 1-ovuled, often
approximated in pairs. Fruit globose, glabrous, tin. or rather more in diameter, on nearly
flat calyx +in. in diameter. When ripe it is eaten raw among the Orixa mountains and is
very palatable. Seeds 2—3; albumen not ruminated, testa thick slightly irregular inside.
The wood of the larger trees is yellowish, very hard and durable, and is used by the
natives for various economical purposes.
Tranquebar, Vahl; Madras!; Bombay; Surat and Nassick, Dr Gibson’; Canara and
Mysore, Mr Law/; Kew List, n. 1712, 1719, 3617; Wallich!; East Bengal!
Vou. XII. Parr I. 30
234 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
109. Diospyros(?) PERGAMENA, sp. Nov.
D. glabra, foliis obovato-oblongis, alternis, basi leviter angustatis, apice anguste et abrupte
acuminatis, firmiter pergamenis, petiolatis, floribus masculis in ramis vetustis dense aggregatis
sessilibus et breve-cymosis, pentameris pubescentibus parvis, staminibus 20 binis, ovarit rudi-
mento hirsuto; fructibus pedunculatis globosis wncialibus glabratis 3-locularibus 3-spermis ;
albumine radiatim striato.
Glabrous, young shoots terete; leaves alternate, obovate-oblong, narrowly and suddenly
acuminate at apex, slightly narrowed at base, of the texture of firm parchment, dark brown
above with depressed veins, paler with raised veins loosely reticulated beneath, 8—9 in.
long by 2,3—3in. wide; petioles }in. long.
&. Flowers densely clustered on the older branches, sessile and in short cymes, penta-
merous, hirsute, subglobose (?), jin. in diameter (immature); calyx 5-fid, glabrous inside,
lobes ovate; corolla 5-fid, lobes obtuse; stamens 20 in 10 pairs hispid, ovary rudimentary
hairy.
¢. Fruit solitary (?), glabrate, subglobose, about lin. in diameter, 3-celled, 3-seeded
(in one case); peduncle nearly }in. long; calyx 5-partite, }im. in diameter, closely hairy
on both sides, reflexed; lobes involute; seeds fin. long by 2in. thick; albumen radiately
striate, not ruminated,
Borneo, O Beccari! n. 1787.
110. Drospyros CAULIFLORA, Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 668 (1825).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, utrinque attenuatis, nitidis, glabris, breviter petiolatis ; floribus
masculis axillaribus tetrameris, staminibus 16, geminatis, inequalibus ; floribus femineis late-
ralibus secus ramos vetustiores paniculatis, calyce profunde 4-5-lobo, lobis basi margine sinuato
refleris nigrescentibus, corolla wrceolatd, 4-fidd, fauce constrictd, fructibus globosis, glabris,
edulibus, 4—8-locularibus, albwmine radiatim striato.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 238. n. 81 (1844) ; Hasselt in Hasskarl Pl. Javan. p. 767. n. 351
(1848); non Mart.
A lofty dicecious tree. Leaves alternate, elliptical or oblong, attenuate at both ends,
4—9in. long by 1—8,3,in. wide, shining, glabrous; midrib and lateral veins depressed
above; petioles 4—}in. long.
&. Flowers axillary; calyx 4-fid; corolla 4-fid; stamens 16, in pairs, unequal in the pairs.
9. Flowers crowded in dense lateral panicles on the older wood, racemose; racemes
3—5 flowered, with bracteoles at the ramifications; peduncles nearly lin. long, thickened
at the apex, turning black. Calyx deeply 4—5-lobed ; lobes turning black, narrow, reflexed,
at the base with wavy margin. Corolla urceolate, 4-fid, much constricted at the top of the
tube; tube tetragonal, covered with black hairs especially at the angles; lobes pale yellow,
horizontal.
Fruit fleshy, globose, glabrous, edible, lin. in diameter, 4—8-celled, green; seeds soli-
tary in the cells, some imperfect ; albumen radiately striate; embryo turning yellow.
Java, Bantam, 500 ft. alt. Hasselt, Reinwardt/, Blume!
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ. 235
111. Dtospyros RAMIFLORA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 40 (1814).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus vel oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi angustatis, coriaceis, glabris ;
Floribus femineis dense fasciculatis secus ramos vetustiores, 4—6-meris, tomentosis, calyce cam-
panulato irregulariter lobato accrescente, corolla wurceolato-oblongd obtuse lobatd, staminodiis
10—12, glabris, ovario ovoideo-conico, fulvo-tomentoso, 10- vel 12-loculari, fructibus globosis,
magnis, subscabris, edulibus, 10—12-spermis.
Roxb. Fl. Ind., edit. 1832, Vol. 1. p. 535. n. 7; Drawings in Herb. Kew; Wall. List
n. 4119 (1828—32); Wight Ic. t. 189 (1840); Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 233. n. 57 (1844).
A large dicecious tree with glabrous leaves and branches and straight trunk. Leaves oval
or oblong, acuminate at apex, somewhat narrowed at base, coriaceous, alternate, shining
and of same colour on both sides, margins slightly undulated and recurved, 4—10 in. long
by 1—3in. wide, veins not conspicuous above, petioles 1—2 in. long; midrib wide and
channelled above.
9. Flowers urceolate-oblong, collected in small short fascicles on the thick woody branches,
tetramerous pentamerous or hexamerous; the inflorescence is however sometimes on young
shoots or in racemes or panicles. Pedicels and calyces clothed with olive-coloured down;
calyx ?in. long, urceolate, with inflated tube and deltoid lobes 3,—1in. deep; corolla }—} in.
long, white, covered with short felt outside, glabrous imside except on the obtuse imbri-
cated lobes which are about 4 the depth of the corolla, at first spreading and then revolute;
tube somewhat inflated. Staminodes 10 or 12, double the number of the parts of the
flower, glabrous, in one row, shorter than the corolla-tube. Ovary about the length of the
calyx, ferruginous-hairy, ovoid-conical, 10 or 12-celled; cells 1-ovuled; style short; stigmas
5 or 6. Fruit globular, 2—3 in. in diameter, slightly scabrous, resting on the very thick
enlarged calyx which is about 1}in. in diameter, 10—12-celled; cells 1-seeded; seeds
transversely lined outside; albumen somewhat ruminated (?)
Native name Oori-gaub or Goolul on eastern frontier of Bengal, where, according to Dr
Roxburgh, the tree grows wild to a great size, and supplies the natives with very strong
hard wood. Silhet, Wallich! 4119; Tipperah, Roxburgh.
The position of this species in the genus is uncertain in consequence of the want of
knowledge of the male plant and of the nature of the albumen in the seed; thus when
more intimately known, the species may require to be removed to Sect. 1. MELONIA or
elsewhere. :
112. Diospyros Diepennorstu, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1. pp. 250, 583 (1860).
D. foliis oblongis, apice breviter acuminatis, basi obtusis, firmiter coriaceis, glabris,
breviter petiolatis; floribus femineis secus ramos vetustiores aggregatis, ovario ovoideo, hepta-
gono, glabro, 14-loculari, basi abrupte stipitato-constricto, calyce coriaceo cupulato grossificante,
extus parce appresso-pubescente.
Buds somewhat hirsute; branchlets glabrous. Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, the
upper ones sublanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the base, shortly acuminate, glabrous, of
firm parchment-like texture, smooth above with the lateral veins usually depressed, pale
30—2
236 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA!.
beneath with the lateral veins prominent mostly patent united within the margin and
loosely reticulated, 9—10 in. long.
g. Flowers densely crowded on the old branches, with short pedicels and hirtellous
bracts; ovary rather thickened, resting on a coriaceous cup-shaped patent obtusely 5-lobed
calyx sparsely covered outside with appressed puberulence, abruptly stipitate-constricted at
the base, ovoid-heptagonal, glabrous, marked at the apex with 7 pits and teeth, 14— (?16)-
celled.
According to Miquel it is clearly related to D. ramiflora, Roxb. but quite a distinct
species. Malay name Djantoe-dipo. I have not seen a specimen.
West Sumatra in Province Priaman, Diepenhorst.
113. Drospyros SUMATRANA, Miq. Plante Junghuhniane, p. 203 (1851—55).
D. foliis distichis, oblongis, apice anguste acuminatis, basi cuneatis, submembranaceis,
breviter petiolatis ; floribus femineis laxiuscule cymosis, fructibus immaturis ovoideo-oblongis,
subglabris, 4-locularibus, loculis monospermis, albumine non ruminato, calyce fructifero pro-
funde 4-lobo appresse pubescente, aucto, foliaceo, lobis suberectis, ovatis, acuminatis, basi cor-
datis.
Young parts inflorescence petioles and midrib of leaves beneath covered with short
stiff puberulence. Leaves firmly submembranous, oblong, alternate, with a long narrow
acumen at apex, cuneate at base, distichous, 24—5in. long by $—2in. wide; petioles
4—1 in. long; veins slightly depressed above, in relief beneath; lateral veins 5—6; very
minutely and vaguely pellucid-punctate.
Q@. Cymes rather lax, about } in. long or shorter (excluding the flowers) ; peduncles } in,
long, about 3-flowered ; pedicels with yellowish hairs, thickened upwards; bracts foliaceous,
caducous. Fruit (unripe?) oblong, §—Z in. long, glabrous; style, erect, glabrous (broken), dis-
tinct. Fruiting calyx deeply 4-lobed, appressedly pubescent, erect or sub-erect, nearly as long
as the young fruit; lobes ovate, acutely acuminate, wide and cordate at base, foliaceous, wavy;
seed } in. long; albumen not ruminated; young fruit glabrous, 4-celled; cells 1-seeded.
Sumatra, Korthals !, distr. Angkola, Junghuhn/; Borneo, Korthals /
114. Drospyros PENDULA, Hasselt ex Hasskarl Pl. Javan. p. 468. n. 352 (1848).
D. foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, utringue acuminatis, gla’ris, breviter petiolatis, jfloribus
masculis solitariis, femineis 1—2-nis vel breve-racemosis, calyce 4-fido, nigro-piloso, corglle
lobis revolutis, filamentis 8, villosis, antheras 2—3 gerentibus, ovario ovoideo, 4—8-loculari,
fructibus carnosis.
A lofty dicecious tree. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, 2$—8} in.
long by 1—24 wide, shortly petiolate, glabrous.
3. Flowers solitary. 9. Flowers solitary 2 together or collected in small racemes,
pendulous, Calyx 4-fid, bright green, nigro-pilose. Corolla pale yellow, with reflexed lobes.
Filaments 8, short, hairy, bearing 2—3 anthers. Ovary ovoid, 4—8-celled; style thick,
attenuate at the apex (or 2—4 connate styles); stigmas 4, emarginate. Fruit fleshy, pilose
when young, 4—S8-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
Java, Bantam Province, Mt. Pulassarie, flowers in June, between 4000 ft. alt. and the
crater, Hasselt.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA. 237
115. Dtospyros MAcRopHYLLA, Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 670 (1825).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus vel ovali-oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel interdum
subcordatis, tenwiter coriaceis, supra glabris, subtus glabriusculis, nervis gracilibus, breviter
petiolatis ; floribus masculis paniculatis, pedicellis brevibus, calyce breviter 38—5-fido, urceolato,
corolla breviter 5-lobd, crasso-ligned, staminibus 12, geminatis, glabris, cynus femineis pauci-
floris brevibus, fructibus tomentosis subglobosis, calyce fructifero aucto.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 228. n. 27 (1844), non Wall.
D. phyllomegas, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. edit. ii. vol. 1. p. 514 (1840).
A tree 60 feet high, with dark terete branches. Leaves alternate, oval or oval-oblong,
acuminate at apex, rounded or sub-cordate at base, thinly coriaceous, nearly glabrescent
above with clear slender arching lateral veins, glabrous above, 3—10 in. long by 14—43 in.
wide ; petioles 3—}in. long.
g- Flowers axillary, paniculate, } in. long, pubescent; panicles many-flowered ; 1—1} in.
long, ultimate pedicels mostly short. Calyx shortly 3—5-fid, globose-urceolate, 7; in. long,
lobes deltoid; corolla silky outside, ovoid in bud, shortly 5-lobed, tube very crass and hard;
stamens 12, unequal, in pairs, glabrous.
2. Cymes few-flowered, short, calyx 4—5-fid, hairy on both sides, accrescent in fruit ;
fruit tomentose, sub-globose, 1in. or more in diameter.
Java, in mountainous places, Blume! Local name Kitjallung.
\
116. Diospyros ovaLiroiiA, R. Wight, Ic. t. 1227 (1850).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, apice obtusis, basi angustatis, tenuiter coriaceis, glabris,
petiolatis, floribus aggregatis, 3—6-nis, brevissime cymosis, 4—5-meris, urceolatis, calyce brevi,
pubescente, corolld subglabrd, lobis obtusis, staminibus 13—20, glabris, subequalibus, plerisque
geminatis ; in flore femineo staminodiis 0—7, ovario hirsuto 4- vel 6-loculari, loculis l1-ovulatis ;
fructibus solitariis, globosis, glabratis, seminum albumine non ruminato.
Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 181. n. 13 (1864).
A moderate-sized tree, glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves oval- or obovate-oblong,
rounded or obtusely pointed at apex, more or less narrowed at base, thinly coriaceous,
alternate, midrib depressed above, 14—6in. long by $—21in. wide, with petiole 4—4 in.
long, turning yellowish when dry, paler beneath with reddish midrib.
$. Flowers clustered, 3—6 together, on very short hairy cymes, in the axils of fallen
or present leaves, 4—5-merous, }—}jin. long. Calyx jin. long, tawny-hairy on both sides,
‘openly campanulate, with rounded or somewhat deltoid lobes about half the length of the
calyx. Corolla twice the length of the calyx or more, urceolate, glabrous or nearly so,
4—5-fid or less deeply lobed, with obtuse spreading or recurved lobes. Stamens 13—15—20,
glabrous, mostly inserted on the receptacle and in pairs, nearly equal, }in. long, filaments
yy in. long. Ovary rudimentary, hairy.
g. Flowers clustered, 3—6 together, on very short cymes, 4—5-merous, thicker than
in g. Staminodes 0—7, glabrous, hypogynous or at base of corolla. Ovary conical, tawny
238 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA.
hairy, 4- or 6-celled (2-celled ex Wight J. ¢): cells l-ovuled; stigma 2—3-lobed. Fruit
solitary, subsessile, glabrate, globose, Zin. in diameter, usually I-seeded. Fruiting calyx
reflexed, tomentose, thickened but not dilated or but slightly so. Seeds with albumen not
Tuminated.
Ceylon, 2000—4000 ft. alt., Thwaites ! 1815, 1816, 2533, Trincomalee, Moon/; Madras,
Coimbatore, Wight! n. 1720; Anamalay hills, Beddome !
117. Diospyros TEXANA, Scheele in Linnea xxu. p. 145 (1849).
D. foliis alternis, obovatis, apice rotundis, basi cuneatis, submembranaceis, subtus pube-
scentibus, subsessilibus ; floribus masculis 1—3-nis, breviter pedunculatis, pubescentibus, calyce
5—6-partito, corolld urceolatd, 5—6-fidd, lobis obovatis, staminibus 16—20, biserialibus,
glabris ; floribus femineis solitariis, staminodiis 0, ovario sub-8-loculari, ovoideo, dense sericeo,
fructibus globosis.
A tall much-branched shrub, 12—15 feet high, with fastigiate branches spreading at
60°—70°, cinereous, verrucose, leafy, softly pubescent and pale at the apex; warts subrotund,
of dark reddish colour. Leaves alternate, oblong-obovate, wedge-shaped at base, rounded or
emarginate at apex, submembranous, softly pubescent, pale, glabrescent on upper side; veins
inconspicuous above; nearly flat or with revolute margins, }—2in. long by }—1 in. wide;
petioles ;1,—,1, in. long, hairy. Flowers with scent of vanilla.
g. Flowers 1—3 together, in axils of present or fallen leaves, drooping, {—}in. long,
softly pubescent, pale, crowded on young shoots; peduncles ${—}-3 in. long, pubescent;
bracts caducous. Calyx with 5 or rarely 6 deep ovate or lanceolate lobes, shorter than the
tube of the corolla, Jin. long, pubescent on both sides. Corolla urceolate, with 5 or per-
haps rarely 6 recurved lobes about half the length of the corolla-tube, glabrous inside.
Stamens 16—20, distinct, in 2 rows, glabrous; anthers longer than the filaments, dehiscing
from the apex. (In one case a stamen is abnormal, an anther having two filaments.) Ovary
rudimentary, with grey hairs.
Q. Flowers solitary, pentamerous, fin. high by }in. wide. Calyx large but not accre-
scent; peduncles 1—1 in. long, recurved, bearing caducous small bracts. Corolla with spread-
ing lobes. Staminodes 0. Style 4-fid; stigmas dilated. Ovary 8 (?)-celled, densely pilose.
Fruit globose, 4in. in diameter, dark, covered with scattered hairs, fleshy, sweet-tasted,
ultimately shining. Albumen not ruminated. Fruiting calyx spreading or reflexed, 5-partite ;
lobes #in. long, oblong, pubescent on both sides.
North America, Texas, Galveston Bay, Drummond !, Fase. 11. n. 329. (¢ £1.) ; Drummond !,
Fase. 11. n. 201. (Fr.); Lindheimer !, Flora Texana exsiccata, Fase. m1. n. 451 (6), 452 (? fl),
453 (Fruit); Mexico, between Laredo and Bejem, Feb. 1828, Berlandier! (¢ fl.); collected
in expedition from Western Texas to El Paso, New Mexico, May—Oct. 1849, by Charles
Wright! n. 423; Texas, Trécul, Oct. 1849, n, 1249, in woods by the sides of streams; Herb.
Berlandierianum Texano-Mexicanum, n. 3030! (D. mewicana, Scheele MSS.), Ann. 1828; “ Hill
sides, Fort Inge to Escondido Creek, and near Eagle Pass, Western Texas, flowers in March,
fruit ripe in August about lin. in diameter,” Torrey.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA). 239
118. Drtospyros MABACEA, F. Muell. Austral. Veg. in Intercolonial Exhibition Essays,
1866—67, p. 35 (1867).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, apice breviter acuminatis, basi cuneatis, chartaceis, costis
exceptis subglabris, breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis 5—7-nis, dense cymosis, tetrameris,
calyce campanulato, 4-fido, lobis deltoideis acutis, corolld extus sericed, campanulatd, profunde
lobatd, lobis ovalibus, staminibus 15—16, glabris.
Cargillia mabacea, F. Muell. Fragm. Phytogr. Austr. v. p. 162 (1866), Benth. Fl. Austral.
Iv. p. 287. n. 2 (1869).
Maba quadridentata, F. Muell. Fragm. l.c.
A tree, 20 feet high; young branches strigose-pubescent. Leaves oval or oblong, char-
tacecus, alternate, cuneate at base, narrowed or shortly and obtusely acuminate at apex,
pubescent on midrib and principal veins beneath and on the depression of the midrib
above, nearly glabrous on the rest of the leaf, somewhat shining beneath, of same dark
green colour on both sides, 3—4in. long by 11—12in. wide; petioles }—4in. long, hispid-
pubescent; lateral veins slightly depressed on upper surface of leaves.
$. Flowers 5—7 together, in short axillary hairy cymes; peduncles very short; pedicels
do—iy In. long; bracts ovate; flowers tetramerous. Calyx campanulate, dark green, puberu-
lous outside, glabrous inside, 4-fid; lobes deltoid acute. Corolla pale silky outside, about
twice the length of the calyx, deeply 4lobed; lobes oval, emarginate, imbricated sinis-
trorsely in bud. Stamens 15!, 16, many in pairs and inserted at base of corolla, a few
hypogynous, all glabrous, tin. long; anthers narrowly lanceolate; filaments short. Ovary
rudimentary, represented by a bunch of hairs.
¢. “Fruit a scarlet berry.”
Australia, Tweed River, C. Moore /
119. Diospyros PENTAMERA, Woolls and F. Muell. ex F. Muell. Austral. Veg. in Inter-
colonial Exhibition Essays, 1866—67, p. 35 (1867).
D. foliis alternis, ovali-lanceolatis, apice obtuse acuminatis, bast attenuatis, coriaceis, gla-
bris, breviter petiolatis ; jfloribus masculis 3—5-nis, pubescentibus, brevissime cymosis, sepius
pentameris, calyce hemispherico, lobis deltoidets, corolla brevt, profunde 5-lobd, staminibus 15—
20, jilamentis brevissimis glabris, antheris villosis, ovarii rudimento pubescente ; floribus fe-
mineis 1—3-nis, fructibus solitardis, subsessilibus, globosis, apice excepto glabratis, 1—4-locu-
laribus, seminum albumine non ruminato.
Cargillia pentamera, Woolls et F. Muell. in F. Muell. Fragm. Phytogr. Austr. Iv. p.
82 (1864), Benth. Fl. Austr. Iv. p. 288. n. 4 (1869).
Maba pentamera, F. Muell. l.c. v. 163 (1866).
C. arborea, A. Cunn. MSS.
A large tree attainmg S80—100 feet in height and 2—3feet in diameter, glabrous
except the young shoots and inflorescence, somewhat mgid in habit. Leaves alternate, lan-
ceolate or oval, cuneate or attenuate at base and usually as much so at the apex, coria-
240 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
ceous, shining above, pale and yellowish at least beneath, 1{—3in. long by $—lin. wide,
petioles jin. long; midrib slightly either raised or depressed above; net-veins nume-
rous rather prominent above, rather inconspicuous beneath. Leaves usually marked beneath
by some small dark glands arranged along 2 straight lines equally distant from the midrib.
é- Flowers 8—5 together, tin. long, on short silky drooping cymes which measure
without the flowers about ,—1in. long; pedicels very short. Calyx hemispherical, pubes-
cent outside, glabrous or shining inside, half the length of the flower, 5-fid, with deltoid
lobes; rarely 4—6-fid. Corolla sub-globose, open at the mouth, pale and shortly pubes-
cent outside, glabrous inside, deeply 5-lobed, imbricated sinistrorsely in bud; lobes oval.
Stamens 15—20 ex Bentham lc, usually 20 in pairs or in groups; anthers “tetragono-
linear, rostellate, dehiscing laterally from apex downwards,” silky; filaments very short,
glabrous. Ovary rudimentary, hairy.
@. Flowers subsessile, 1—8 together, usually solitary (?). Fruit solitary, subsessile, globose
or spheroidal, about }$in. long, glabrate except the apex, tipped by the remains of the
hairy style, 2—4-usually 4- or rarely l-celled; cells 1-seeded; pericarp thin, crustaceous;
dissepiments membranous; seeds fin. long or rather more; albumen white, cartilaginous;
embryo }in. long; radicle clavate-cylindrical, slender, equalling the flat narrowly or linear-
lanceolate cotyledons.
Fruiting calyx 1in. long, receiving the base of the fruit, puberulous or pubescent on
both sides, 5- rarely 4-fid; lobes often somewhat spreading.
Australia, Moreton Bay, Leichhardt; Brisbane river, A. Cunningham!; New South
Wales, C. Moore’, Paris Exhibition, Sydney woods 30, W. Macarthur! 49. Plentiful on
the mountain brushes of the Hastings River, C. Moore; Clarence River, C. Moore!, Beckler,
J. Wilcox; Queensland, Hill! ; Ash Island, Hunter’s River, Mrs Forde and Miss Scott ex
W. Woolls, Contr. Fl. Austr. p. 192 (1867). Fruit eaten by the Carpophaga magniyica, Selby.
Called Black Myrtle by the colonists. Timber soft when fresh, but exceedingly tough.
120. Diospyros PARALEA, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. edit. ii. vol. 1. p. 514 (1840).
D. foliis ovalibus, alternis, apice acuminatis, basi obtusis supra nitidis glabrescentibus,
subius costd margineque tomentosis vel subglabrescentibus, coriaceis, breviter petiolatis ; floribus
masculis aggregatis, subsessilibus, ferrugineo-tomentosis, tetrameris, calyce 4-fido, corolld cam-
panulatd, 4-fidd, staminibus circiter 16, antheris lineari-lanceolatis, hirsutis, filamentis brevibus
glabris ; floribus femineis subsolitariis vel aggregatis, subsessilibus, staminodiis 8, ovario
tomentoso, 8-loculari ; fructibus globosis, subglabratis, seminum albumine non ruminato.
Alph. DC. Prodr, vin, p. 224. n. 10 (1844), Mig. in Mart. Fl. Bras. vir. p. 6. t. 3 (1856).
Paralea guianensis, Aubl. Pl. Guyan. 1. p. 576 (1775). P. guyannensis, Aubl. l. c. t. 231
(stam. char. et fig. excl.); Paralia guianensis, Desv. ex Hamilt. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Oce. p. 45.
n. 89 (1825).
D. ferruginea, Spltgbr. in Vriese Ned. Kruidk. Arch. p. 327 (1848).
D. longifolia, Spruce in Journ. Proceed. Linn. Soc. Lond. v. p. 7 (1861), Pl. Bras. exsice.
n. 1516 (1851).
A small moderate-sized or lofty tree of hard white wood; young shoots buds and
inflorescence ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves oval-oblong or ovate-oblong, alternate, more or
less rounded occasionally somewhat narrowed at base, acuminate at apex, coriaceous,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE, 241
shining and glabrous or nearly so with depressed midrib above, pubescent puberulous or
nearly glabrescent beneath especially on the marked midrib and recurved margins (hairs
rufous in dried state; leaves bordered when young with white hairs which fall off,
according to Aublet); lateral veins several, slender; leaves 3—8 in. long by 1—2} in,
wide; petioles }—% in. long, glabrescent. Bracts rufous-hairy.
3. Flowers in axillary subsessile clusters, ;%,in. long, rufous-hairy. Calyx 4 in. long,
acutely 4-fid; lobes deltoid. Corolla fleshy, campanulate or campanulate-oblong, sweet-
scented, quadrangular, with a short inflated tube and 4 short lobes, glabrous inside
(ferruginous on both sides ex Vriese), 4-fid. Stamens 16!, united by their filaments in
8 pairs (18 ex Aublet, about 13 ex Alph. DC, 8 ex Vriese), the inner ones the
shorter; anthers linear-lanceolate, hairy at the back of the outer ones and at the front
of the inner ones; filaments short, glabrous. Ovary rudimentary, ferruginous-hairy.
2. Flowers (subsolitary ex DC.) few together in axillary subsessile clusters. Staminodes
8. Ovary 8-celled; cells 1-ovuled. Fruit solitary or 2 together, subsessile, shining and
glabrate or with some persistent ferruginous hairs, globose, about 1 in. in diameter,
pericarp at length splitting from apex, 3—4-seeded. Fruiting calyx with 4 lobes cordate
at base, rufous-hairy especially on the undulating margins, on the centre of the back and
inside, suberect or spreading, 3—1 in. across. Seeds oblong, }in. long; albumen not ruminated.
A decoction of the bark is said to be useful in case of fever in Guiana, where the
plant is known by the name of Parala.
French Guiana, Cayenne, Sagot! n. 1253, Martin!; Guiana, Mrs Parker! ; British
Guiana, Schomburgk! 1492; Surinam, Hostmann! 547, Splitgerber, 541; S. Venezuela,
near the rivers Casiquiari, Vasiva and Pacimoni, Spruce! 3159 ¢ flower (arbor gracilis
18-pedalis, ramulis longis pendulis. Flores flavo-virides. In ripis inundatis per totum Casi-
quiarem, necnon in Orinoco superiore, Nov. 1853); Brazil, by the south bank of the
Rio Negro close to its junction with the Solimoes, Spruce! 1516, in fruit (small tree
with subverticillate subsimple branches, fruit green, seeds immersed in flesh, D. longifolia,
Spruce).
According to Mr Spruce, his D. longifolia has the branches arranged in whorls of five
(very rarely three or four), while in D. Paralea the branches are alternate. The branches
however in D. Paralea are sometimes verticillate.
121. Diosprros rHoDOCcALYX, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Bengal, Vol. xu. Part 1. p. 71. n. 91 (1871).
D. foliis oblongis vel ovali-oblongis, apice obtusis, basi angustatis, chartaceis, supra glabris,
lucidis, subtus secus costam pubescentibus, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis tetrameris,
brevissime cymosis, calyce dense fulvo-pubescente, lobis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiuscutis, corolla
glabra, urceolatd, staminibus circiter 16 corolle basi insertis ; floribus femineis solitartis, sta-
aminodiis 8—10, ovario dense fulvo-tomentoso, 4-loculari (2).
Flora, 1871, p. 332.
A small tree with young parts appressedly pubescent. Leaves oblong or oval-oblong,
rarely obovate-oblong, retuse or rarely (on the same stock) obtusely apiculate, on slender and
short petioles, acute or obtuse at base, chartaceous, of variable size 1—2 or 3—4in. long,
Vou. XII. Part I. 3l
242 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE®.
glabrous and shining above, for the most part slightly pubescent beneath on the midrib ;
veins conspicuous, net-veins lax. Flowers tetramerous, small, sessile or subsessile, axillary ;
bracts linear, densely fulvo-tomentose, short.
g. Cymes very short, tomentose, calyx densely tawny-pubescent; lobes oblong, lanceo-
late, rather obtuse, corolla glabrous, scarcely }in. long; tube inflated; lobes short, oblong.
Stamens about 16, inserted at the base of the corolla; filaments short, bearded; anthers
linear, acuminate. Ovary rudimentary.
¢. Flowers solitary, sessile or subsessile. Calyx larger than in the ¢; lobes widely
oblong, obtuse, at the base with margin plicate-dilatated and tinged with red. Corolla }in.
long. Staminodes 8—10. Ovary oblong densely fulvo-tomentose, 4-celled (2).
Siam, Rédbiri and Ka4nbiri, Tecjsmann 6000, 6007 in Herb. Bogor.
According to Kurz, somewhat resembling in general habit “ D. heterophylla, Wall. and best
placed near D, tomentosa,” Poir. I have not seen a specimen.
122. DIOSPYROS MACROCARPA, sp. Nov,
D. foliis alternis, oblongis, apice acutis vel subacuminatis, basi cuneatis, coriaceis,
subtus pubescentibus, subglabrescentibus, breviter jpetiolatis; floribus masculis asillaribus,
breviter cymosis, subsessilibus, pubescentibus, tetrameris, calyce campanulato, 4-fido, corollé
4-fidd campanulatd, staminibus 16, geminatis, filamentis dense pilosis; fructibus solitariis,
subsessilibus, ovoideis, glabratis, seminum albumine non ruminato.
Cargillia macrocarpa, Vieill. Hb.
Young parts shortly densely and softly pubescent. Branches dark, glabrescent. Leaves
oblong, acute or slightly acuminate at apex, somewhat narrowed at base into petiole,
alternate, coriaceous, dark-cinereous glabrous and shining above with slightly depressed
midrib, paler appressedly pubescent and sub-glabrescent beneath with duller veins; margins
more or less undulated; 2—5 in. long (besides petiole 7,—} in. long) by 3—1} in. wide.
é. Cymes axillary, short, bearing about 3—5 subsessile flowers, about equalling the
petiole, softly pubescent, subferruginous ; common peduncle in bud about ;4in. long. Bracts
minute. Flower-bud ovoid, about 2 in. long, scarcely exceeding the calyx. Calyx cam-
panulate, erect, 4-fid, with deltoid acute lobes; glabrous except near margin and shining
inside. Corolla 4-fid, with rounded or mucronate sinistrorsely imbricated lobes; hairy
outside, glabrous inside. Stamens 16 in 8 pairs, the pairs arranged in one row; filaments
short, dilated and united in pairs at the base and (in young state) almost forming a short
tube at base of corolla, densely setose-pilose especially the outer ones; anthers lanceolate-
linear apiculate comparatively glabrous, but the outer ones surrounded by the dense long
hairs of the filaments. Ovary rudimentary, small, pubescent, surmounted by 2 styles,
Q. Fruit solitary, subsessile, ovoid, glabrate, about I}in. high by 1 in. thick or more,
apparently 4-celled, fleshy, with rather thin pericarp. Bracts caducous. Fruiting calyx fiat,
4-fid, 8— in. across, shortly sub-pubescent outside, pubescent inside; lobes widely ovate,
obtuse or mucronate. Seed rather more than 1 in, long, oblong, albumen not ruminated.
New Caledonia, Balade, Wagap, Vieilard! n. 890; Pancher! n. 251,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ. 243
123. DIosPYROS PERFORATA, sp. nov.
D. glabra, foliis ovali-oblongis, alternis, apice acuminatis, basi angustatis, firmiter mem-
branaceis, perforato-punctatis, breviter petiolatis, nervis patentibus; floribus masculis aggregatis,
subsessilibus, pubescentibus, campanulatis, calyce profunde 4-fido, corolld urceolatd (?), 4-fidd, lobis
latis, staminibus 16, geminatis, receptaculo insertis, interioribus brevioribus, antheris hispidis,
filamentis superne hispidis inferne glabris, ovario 0, receptaculo leviter hispido.
Glabrous except the inflorescence and buds; branches cinereous, longitudinally wrinkled.
Leaves alternate, oval-oblong, acuminate, narrowed at base, firmly membranous, scattered with
small dark glands especially alongside the midrib beneath, in places perforated, 6—74 in. long
by 13—2}in. wide, dark and shining above with depressed patent lateral veins, pale brown
beneath with rather distinctly marked lateral veins; petioles channelled above, }in. long.
é. Flowers clustered, subsessile, few or several together on axillary or lateral nodules,
tawny-pubescent, in bud about tin. long; bracts small, imbricated, on very short pedicels,
dark-cinereous; calyx deeply 4-fid, lobes deltoid, glabrous inside; corolla urceolate (?), 4-fid,
glabrous inside, appressedly silky outside, contorted sinistrorsely in estivation, 4-fid, slightly
exceeding the calyx, lobes rounded; stamens 16, united by their filaments in 8 pairs, inner
ones rather shorter, anthers longer than the filaments, with hairs on the back and front
especially on the back of the outer ones and on the front of the inner ones, connective
apiculate, filaments with spreading hairs above, glabrous beneath; ovary 0 or minute, repre-
sented by a few short hairs on the receptacle,
Ceram Island, Moluccas, De Vriese/ 1857—61.
124, Drospyros oBLoncA, Wall. List n. 4124 (1828—32).
D. foliis oblongis, alternis, apice breviter acuminatis, basi obtusis, subcoriaceis, glabris,
petiolatis; floribus femineis 1—3-nis, brevissime cymosis, confertis, pentameris, calyce profunde
lobato, hispidis, lobis undulatis bast auriculatis, corolld calycem cquante, carnosd, ovario
Serrugineo-pubescente, 10-loculart; fructibus subglobosis, subglabratis, seminum albumine non
ruminato.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vil, p. 228. n, 26 (1844); G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. ry. p. 40
(1837) excl. synon.
A tree or shrub; branches terete or warty, glabrous, puberulous at the extremities,
dark. Leaves oblong, subcoriaceous, alternate, rounded near base, glabrous, shortly acu-
minate at apex, 5—9}in. long by 2—4in. wide, with petioles 1—2in. long; midrib strong
and lateral veins numerous clear parallel and spreading, both depressed on upper surface.
@. Flowers crowded, subsessile or in very short 1—3-flowered cymes, on short young
shoots or axillary, pentamerous. Calyx covered on both sides with a mixture of black and
ferruginous short hairs, #;in. long, deeply 5-lobed, rather crass; lobes erect-patent with
wavy margins auricled at base. Corolla 5-lobed, ferruginous-hairy outside, glabrous inside,
fleshy, not exceeding the calyx (in bud). Staminodes 5, glabrous. Ovary 10-celled, ferruginous-
hairy; cells l-ovuled. Fruit subglobose, nearly glabrate, Zin. long; surrounded at base by
blackish hispid calyx jin. across with appressed or somewhat spreading lobes having wavy
margins and auricled pouting bases; albumen horny, not ruminated.
Penang, Wallich! n. 4124; Singapore, Maingay/ n. 967.
31—2
244 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. —
125. Driospyros EBENASTER, Retz. Obs. Bot., fasc. v., p. 31 (1789).
D. glabra, foliis alternis, ellipticis vel oblongis, apice plerisque obtusis, basi angustatis,
firmiter membranaceis, nitidis, petiolatis ; floribus 4—6-meris, pubescentibus, azxillaribus»
polygamis, pedunculis brevibus unifloris vel masculis plurifloris, calyce 4—6-fido, lobis ovatis
margine revolutis, corolla wurceolatd, apice lobatd, staminibus 8—20, leviter pubescentibus,
ovario pubescente, 4—10-loculari; fructibus magnis edulibus, 4—10-spermis, albumine non
ruminato.
Alph. DO. Prodr. vit. p. 235. n. 64 (1844); non Spach; nec D. Hebenaster, Gaertn.
Fruct. et Sem. Pl. m. p. 478. t. 179. £ 9 (1791).
D. digyna, Jacq. Hort. Scheenbr. vol. U1. p. 35. t. 313 (1798); Alph. DC. lc. p. 238. n.
80; non Hort.
D. revoluta, Poir. in Encycl. Méth. v. p. 435. n. 18 (1804); Alph. DC. lc. p. 234. n. 60.
D. obtusifolia, Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. Pl. tv. p. 1112 (1805) ; Humb. Bonpl. et
Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. Pl. uu. p. 253. t. 247 (1818); Alph. DC. lc. p. 227. n. 24; non Bert.
D. Sapota, Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 40 (1814), Fl. Ind. edit. 1832, vol. 11. p. 535; Bot. Mag.
LXIX, t. 3988 (1843); Alph. DC. Le. p. 228. n. 25.
D. sapotanigra, DC. Ess. Prop. Med. Pl. p. 200 (1816).
D. edulis, Lodd. ex Sweet, Hort. Brit. p. 270 (1827); Alph. DC. Le. p. 239. n. 90.
D. decandra, Boj. Hort. Maurit. p. 200 (1837), non Lour.
Sapota nigra, Blanco, Fl. Filip. p. 409 (1837).
D. membranacea, Alph. DC.! lc. p. 227. n. 20 (1844).
D. nigra, Blanco, FI. Filip. edit. i. p. 211 (1845).
D. laurifolia, A. Rich. Fl. Cub. in Ramon de la Sagra, Hist. de Cuba, vol. x1. p. 86. t. 55
(1845—55), ex Walp. Ann. Bot. v. p. 480 (1858).
D. brasiliensis, Mart. Fl. Bras. vit. p. 5. t. 2. f. 2 (1856).
Hebenaster, Rumph. Amb, ut. lib. Iv. p. 13. t. 6 (1750).
Sapotte Negro, Sonnerat, Voy. & la Nouv. Guin. p. 45. tt. 14—16 (1776).
A tall shrub or even lofty tree, quite glabrous except the inflorescence; branches dark.
Leaves alternate, elliptical or oblong, usually obtuse at apex, somewhat narrowed at base, firmly
membranous, shining, evergreen, 83—12in. long by 14—34in. wide; midrib depressed above;
net-veins not conspicuous; petioles ranging up to in. long. Flowers polygamous, 4—6-
merous, }—lin. long, pubescent; peduncles axillary, pubescent, solitary, those producing
male flowers with several flowers, those with hermaphrodite or female flowers 1-flowered,
1—1in. long, bracteate. Calyx ample, }—-}in. long, somewhat hairy on both sides, 4—6-fid,
lobes ovate, with revolute margins and sinuses. Corolla urceolate, twice the length of the
calyx, yellowish white or greenish, thick and fleshy, 4—6-lobed at apex, silky or nearly
glabrescent. Stamens 8—20, slightly hairy, often some or all in pairs; filaments some-
what pilose. Styles 2—5; ovary pubescent, 4—10-celled. Fruit globose, 14—4in. in dia+
meter, glabrous, shining, of olive yellowish-green colour when ripe, filled with a dark soft
and paste-like pulp, edible; towards the centre of the pulp are 4—10 cells, each con-
taining a large oval compressed seed; albumen cartilaginous,’ not ruminated. Fruiting
calyx spreading, much thickened in middle, 5—6-fid, 1—1} in. in diameter or less, puberulous
on both sides, lobes undulated. Fruiting peduncles about jin. long. -
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA: 245
Local names, Kaus Magostan in Mauritius, Lolin in Amboina, Sapotte negro, &c.
Philippine Islands, Sonnerat, Blanco, flowers in July; Celebes, Jacquin; Amboina, Rumf.
Cultivated in Mauritius, at Calcutta, and Malacca, Maingay! 975; introduced into England
and France &c., where it requires a hot-house for protection. Occurs also in cultivated
places in tropical America, perhaps introduced; Mexico, Orizaba, Botteri! 909; Vera Cruz,
Galeotti / 4609 (2000 ft. alt.); Cuernavaca, Humboldt and Bonpland! 3984 (5000 ft. alt.);
Lizardo, Wawra! 249; Miradon, Wawra! 1029; Brazil, Rio Janeiro, Schott and Pohl!
4568; Cuba, Richard; Montserrat, Ryan! ex Hb. Vahl.
"Blanco loc. cit, states that the tree in the Philippine Islands grows to a height of
24—30 feet and is carefully cultivated as well as indigenous. He says that the flesh of
the fruit is blackish, and although it is eaten the taste is not well flavoured, that the
leaves have caustic properties, and that the unripe fruit is reported to poison fish, An
evergreen tree 30—50 ft.. high with light even-grained wood grown at Cordova, Mexico,
and called Zapotillo, probably belongs to this species; a specimen exists in the Kew Museum.
The type of this species cannot be found in Retz herbarium at Lund in Sweden.
126.. Diospyros sAMOENSIS, A. Gray in Amer. Acad. Vv. p. 326 (1862).
D. foliis alternis, ovali- vel ovato-oblongis, apice obtuse angustatis, basi angustatis, coriaceis,
glabris, petiolatis; jloribus masculis 3—9-nis, tetrameris, pubescentibus, calyce campanulato,
4-fido, lobis obtusis, corollé campanulatd brevi, 4-fidd, lobis obtusis ; staminibus 8—10, glabris ;
floribus femineis solitariis, —petiolatis, ovario hirsuto, 8-loculari; fructibus globosis glabris,
calycis fructiferi aucti tubo concavo depresso-cupuliformi, intus margine elevato ; seminum albu-
mine non ruminato. :
_ Branches glabrous or young ones scarcely puberulous. Leaves alternate, glabrous, oval
or ovate-oblong, coriaceous, obtusely narrowed at apex, somewhat narrowed at base, 3—6 in. long
by 1}—3in. wide; midrib depressed above; lateral and net-veins raised, slender; petioles
3—2 in. long.
&. Peduncles 3—9-flowered ; flowers tetramerous, 1—}in. long, ovoid in bud. Calyx cam-
panulate, tin. long, shortly puberulous, 4-fid; corolla silky outside, 4-fid; stamens 8—10,
glabrous, unequal, some in pairs.
@. Calyx-lobes rounded; calyx about equalling the corolla ; peduncles solitary, }—} in. long,
puberulous, 1-flowered, equalling the flower; ovary hairy, 8-celled; fruit globose, }—1}in. in
diameter, glabrous; fruiting calyx-tube flat or cupuliform with a raised border receiving the
base of the fruit, and with 4 obtuse spreading or recurved lobes, glabrous, about 2 in. wide ;.seeds
23 in. long, closely packed together ; albumen not ruminated, white.
Navigators’ Islands, South Pacific Exploring Expedition !; Friendly Islands, W. H. Harvey !,
(caustic berry for burning ringworms, &c.) “Tutuna.” The foliage and fruiting calyx resemble
‘D. Ebenum, Keenig, but the plant is of a paler green colour and the flowers shorter.
According to the Rey. Thomas Powell in Seemann’s Journal of Botany, vol. vi. p. 281 (1868),
the wood of this large tree is hard and used for axe-handles and spear-points ; the fruit is used
for poisoning fish ; and the secretion of the fruit is a vesicatory and turns the human skin black.
Also the Samoan children are said to insert the midrib of the cocoa-nut leaflet into the fruit and
apply the liquid thus obtained to their arms to produce blisters and eventually permanent pro-
minences which they consider an ornament. Mr Powell describes the flowers as hermaphrodite.
246 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ,
127. Diospyros OLEN, sp. nov.
D. glabra, foliis alternis, ovalibus, apice breviter obtuseque acuminatis, basi cuneatis, coriacets,
nitidis, utringue delicate reticulatis, breviter petiolatis ; floribus femineis solitariis, breviter pedun-
culatis, axillaribus, bracteatis, 4- rarius 3-meris, calyce subglabro profunde lobato, lobis late ovatis
acuminatis bast cordatis, tubo intus margine elevato, corolld 4—3-fidd, lobis acutis, staminodiis
0—6, glabris, ovario superne pubescente, inferne glabro, 8-loculari.
Dark-cinereous, and except the inflorescence glabrous. Leaves oval, alternate, coriaceous,
narrowed at base and usually with a short obtuse acumen at apex, of the same cinereous colour
on both sides, somewhat shining on upper surface, with midrib depressed on upper side and net-
veins delicately raised on both sides, 23—4 in. long by 1—1}in. wide ; petioles +,—1 in. long.
?. Peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, axillary, {—} in. long, patent, pubescent, bearing caducous
patent lanceolate alternate bracts. Flowers usually tetramerous, rarely trimerous. Calyx
about lin. across when spreading, deeply lobed, very nearly glabrous; lobes widely ovate
acuminate, widened and cordate at base, 1—4in. long, spreading or reflexed, with numerous
parallel slight Jongitudinal veins; tube with raised internal hairy border at top. Corolla about
+in. high, glabrous in upper part, puberulous at least in places beneath, 3—4-fid, conical above
in bud; lobes acute arching in flower outwards; tube urceolate in flower. Staminodes inserted
on corolla, glabrous, about 6 (in a trimerous flower) or wanting (in a tetramerous one). Ovary
glabrous beneath, pubescent and suddenly narrowed towards apex; terminating in a short 4-fid
style glabrous at apex; ovary 8-celled; cells 1-ovuled.
Indigenous name Olén, I. Lifu, Deplanche! No. 31,
128. Drospyros CareiiuiaA, F. Muell. Austral. Veg. in Intercolonial Exhibition Essays,
1866—67, p. 35 (1867).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus vel oblongis, apice obtusis, bast cuneatis, coriaceis, glabris,
pallidis, breviter petiolatis, nervis subtus inconspicuis; floribus masculis breviter cymosis, pubes-
centibus, tetrameris, awillaribus, campanulatis; calyce 4-fido, lobis deltoidets, corolle lobis obtusis,
staminibus seepius 16, glabris, geminatis, corolle basi insertis; floribus femineis 1—3-nis, bre-
vissime cymosis, axillaribus tetrameris; staminodiis 8, wni-serialibus, glabris, corolle basi
insertis; ovario ovoideo, pubescente, 4-loculari, loculis bi-ovulatis; fructibus glabratis, ovoideis
vel globosis, 1-spermis, albumine non ruminato.
Annona microcarpa, Jacq. Fragm. Bot. p. 40. t. 44. f.'7 (1800—1809).
Monodora microcarpa, Dunal, Monogr. Anon. p, 80 (1817). Cfr. Brown in Tuckey,
Congo, p. 475 (1818).
Cargillia australis, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. et Ins. Van-Diem. p. 527. n. 2 (1810);
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 243, n. 1 (1844); Bot. Mag. t. 3274 (1833); Ettingsh. Blatt-skel.
Dikot. p. 90. t. 35. f. 6 (1861); Benth, Fl. Austral. rv. p. 288, n. 3 (1869); F. Muell. Fragm. tv.
p. 82 (1864).
Maba Cargillia, F. Muell. Fragm. vy. p. 162 (1866).
This species is cited on pages 30, 81, 86, 46, 54 by the name of Diospyros
australis,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 247
A large shrub or tree 20—40 or even 100 feet high, glabrous, or the young parts
and inflorescence with short hairs; trunk sometimes 2 feet in diameter, Leaves oblong or
oval, alternate, coriaceous, obtuse at apex, more or less narrowed at base, palish green
especially beneath, 14—44in. long by %—1}in. wide including petiole }—}in. long; mid-
rib flattish depressed above; lateral and net-veins in relief and not conspicuous; frequently
with small black spots arranged in a row on each side of midrib beneath. Flowers dic-
cious, tetramerous (or rarely trimerous 2).
$. Flowers several together arranged on short axillary pubescent drooping cymes
which without the flowers measure }—}in. long; calyx ; in. high, covered with pale ap-
pressed short hispid hairs, shortly lobed, eamipanalie with deltoid lobes; corolla tin. long,
deeply lobed, covered outside with pale short hairs, glabrous inside, ovoid in bud, campa-
nulate in open flower; lobes erect or recurved at apex, obtuse; stamens 12—16, usually
16, in pairs, glabrous, inserted at base of corolla; anthers longer than the filaments, lan-
ceolate linear, dehiscing by lateral slits near apex; ovary rudimentary, hairy.
?. Flowers 1—8 together, $ in. long, on very short cymes, campanulate, pubescent ;
calyx ;2 in. high by }in. thick, 4-fid; eros deeply 4-lobed, lobes obtuse; staminodes 8, in
one row, inserted at base of corolla, glabrous, with lateral slits; ovary ov Sid. hairy, 4-celled ;
cells often with 2 ovules, without any trace of a dissepiment between them, alternate with
the calycine lobes; style hairy, 2-lobed at apex; stigma 2-lobed and glabrous. Fruit glo-
bular or ovoid, }—3in. thick; fuscous and glabrescent when ripe, edible, ultimately 1-celled
and 1-seeded; albumen of seed not ruminated; fruiting calyx about }in, high, cup-shaped,
shortly puberulous or nearly glabrous. Fruit called Grey plums. Slender-growing tree, with
elongated trunk and elegant rigid foliage. Wood close, very tough and firm.
In the forest regions towards the coast through New South Wales and Queensland.
Australia, Hiigel!; Queensland, Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller; Rockhampton,
Dallachy !; Crocodile Creek, Bowman; New South Wales, Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains,
R. Brown!, F. Mueller! ; Berrima and Richmond River, C. Moore; Hastings and Mackay
Rivers, Beckler! ; Illawarra, A. Cunningham !; Sydney, Bynoe! ; Sydney woods, Paris Exhibition
No. 20, M. Macarthur !; New South Wales, Kiama, W. H. Harvey /; Cabramatta River, W. Woolls.
129. Driospyros Matacapal, Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p, 237. n. 75 (1844).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, glandulis sparsis; floribus axillaribus, 1—3-nis, calyce 4-lobo,
baecd globosd, 4-loculari, loculis 2-spermis.
A small tree having yellow wood, with some black spots; said to keep off bags when fresh.
Leaves alternate, oval, with some scattered glands especially at the end. Flowers axillary, 1—3
together; calyx 4-lobed; fruit baccate, globose, 4-celled ; cells 2-ovuled.
Local name Malacapai (Blanco, Fl. Filipin. p. 302, 1837); Tagatog, Philippine Islands,
Blanco.
130. DrIospyROS SPINOSA, sp. nov.
D. spinosa, foliis alternis, ovalibus, apice acuminatis vel obtusiusculis, bast rotundatis vel
subcordatis, junioribus subtus pubescentibus; margine revolutis, breviter petiolatis; jfloribus
248 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA!.
masculis brevissime cymosis, parvis, tetrameris, calyce hemispherico, corolld profunde 4-lobé,
staminibus 16, glabris, ovarti rudimento glabro. 3
Dull, spinous ; young parts and inflorescence ferruginously tomentose-pubescent ; branches
terete. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, oval, acuminate or pointed at apex, rounded or sub-
cordate at base, with whitish loose hairs beneath when young, subglabrescent, dark green above,
browner beneath, 1}—3 in. long by 3—1} in. wide; margins recurved; petioles { in. long,
pubescent, terete.
@. Inflorescence arranged in very short axillary cymes on the young branches; “flowers
js in. long (in bud), subglobose, tetramerous. Calyx about half the length of the flower, hemi-
spherical, appressedly hairy outside, glabrous inside, deeply 4-fid; lobes rounded, sinistrorsely
contorted in bud. Corolla subglobose, glabrous except 4 hairy lines outside along middle of
lobes, deeply 4-lobed ; lobes rounded, sinistrorsely contorted in estivation. Stamens 16, glabrous,
subequal (2), in two rows(?), distinct, inserted at or near base of corolla; anthers lanceolate,
acute, longer than the filaments, dehiscing laterally from the apex; ovary rudimentary,
glabrous.
Brazil, Martius! Herb. Reg. Monac., Ebenacee n. 144.
131. DrIosPYyROS OVALIS, sp. nov.
D. fruticosa, foliis alternis, ovalibus, utrinque rotundatis, apice mucronatis, basi subcorda-
tis, supra glabris nitidis, subtus villosis, subcoriaceis, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis
breviter cymosis, tetrameris, profunde lobatis, corolle lobis obovatis patentibus, staminibus circi-
ter 20, glabris.
A shrub, 2—3 feet high. Young parts underside of leaves and inflorescence and especially
the buds subferruginous-pubescent. Branches terete, glabrescent and nitescent, numerous.
Leaves (of the shoots of the current season) oval, alternate, subcoriaceous, mucronate at apex,
subcordate at base, dark shining and glabrous above except depression of midrib, without
conspicuous veins, shaggy underneath with ciliated margins, about 1 in. long by }—} in. wide;
petioles about , in. long, pubescent.
g. Inflorescence at the base of the shoots of the current season, cymose, with few or
several flowers rather loosely arranged; cymes (excluding the flowers) }—3 in. long; pedicels
about } in. long; bracts oval, densely pubescent.. Flowers 8, in. long, tetramerous, green.
Calyx 4 in. long, partite with lanceolate erect-patent lobes, pubescent on both sides. Corolla
2 in. high (4 in. long when straightened), glabrous except 4 lines of hairs outside ; lobes #y in.
deep, obovate, erect-patent and recurved at apex. Stamens 20 (18—20 ex Benth. MS. in Hb.
Cantab.), equal, glabrous; anthers linear; filaments short, united almost in a short tube.
Ovary rudimentary, glabrous (?), minute.
Brazil, Pernambuco, sandy open places, Rio Preto, September. Gardner! 2813,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 249
132. Diospyros Hisprpa, Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 236. n. 68 (1844).
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus vel ovali-oblongis, apice cuspidatis vel acuminatis, basi swepius
obtusis, subcoriaceis, subtus ferrugineo-hispidis, breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis 2—4-nis,
breviter cymosis,. 4-meris, calyce hispido, 4-partito, lobis lanceolatis, corolld profunde lobatd,
lobis oblongis, staminibus 18—24, subequalibus, glabris, ovarti rudimento pubescente; floribus
femineis 4—5-meris ; fructibus solitariis, globosis, dense ferrugineo-hispidis, carnosis, 8-locula-
ribus ; calyce fructifero 4—5-partito, patente, lobis lanceolatis.
Miq. in Mart. Fl. Bras, vit. (Eben.) p. 4. n. 2 (1856).
An arborescent shrub or tree, 10—30 feet high, with shoots underside of leaves and
inflorescence ferruginous-hispid; branches spreading. Leaves oval or oval-oblong, cuspidate
or acuminate, usually obtuse at base sometimes narrowed or in ¢@ subcordate, subcoriaceous,
alternate, 2—5 in. long by 1—2} in. wide, darker and pubescent-velutinous above; petioles
i—2 in. long, hairy.
8. Flowers 2 in. long, in 2—4 flowered distant or usually contiguous cymes (4—3 in.
g, ferruginous-hispid on both sides, 4-partite,
long); pedicels ;—1 in. long.
with lanceolate lobes. Corolla green, deeply 4-lobed, pubescent along longitudinal stripes ; lobes
oblong, somewhat narrowed at apex. Stamens 18—24, subequal, some or all in pairs, glabrous;
anthers linear; filaments short. Ovary rudimentary, globose, hairy.
2. Flowers few together, in short cymes, tetramerous or pentamerous. Fruit solitary,
on pedicels -,—1 in. long, densely ferruginous-hispid, globose, pointed at apex, about 1 in,
in diameter, fete 8-celled, 8-seeded. Fruiting calyx 4—35-partite, ee 1} in. across ;
lobes lanceolate. Seeds 8, oblong, compressed, } in. long.
Brazil, between Goiavéira and Corrego de Jeragudé, Burchell! 7437, @ fil. Aug., tree
20—30 ft. high, corolla green; between Cérrego-findo and Pérto-Real, Burchell! 8396, in
young fruit, November, tree 20 ft. high; Gozaz, 10 ft. high, Burchell! 6994; Minas Geraes,
Claussen! 478.
133. Diospyros GOUDOTII, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, ovato-oblongis, apice acuminatis, bast subcordatis, subsessilibus, sub-
membranaceis, supra glabrescentibus, subtus puberulis ; fructibus globosis, solitarwis, axillaribus,
pedunculatis, papilloso-verrucosis, pilis aspersis, calyce patente, 5-lobo, non aucto.
Young parts tawny- or ferruginous-pubescent ; shoots terete, puberulous, glabrescent.
Leaves alternate, ovate-oblong, widest near the middle, submembranous, acuminate at apex,
subcordate at base, subsessile, glabrescent and dark green above with conspicuously de-
pressed veins, puberulous and reddish brown below at least on veins, 6—10 in. long by
Q9—Ain. wide; petioles {—1 in. long, ferruginous-pubescent. Fruit globose about lin. in
diameter, scattered with pilose hairs, ferruginous-pilose at apex where is base of broken
style; papillose-verrucose. Fruiting calyx not accrescent, hairy on both sides, spreading,
% in. across, with 5 ovate or lanceolate lobes }—} in. long. Fruiting peduncle $—} in. long,
ferruginous hispid-pubescent, thick, erect-patent, axillary, solitary, 1-fruited; bracts at base
of peduncle, ovate, imbricated, caducous, ranging up to } in. long,
New Granada, Muzo, Goudot! No, 3.
Vout. XIL. Part L 82
250 _Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
134. DiosPYROS GAULTHERLEFOLIA, Mart. Fl. Bras. vu. (Eben.) p. 5. n. 5. t. 2. f. 1 (1856).
D. foliis distichis, oblongis, apice obtusis, basi subcordatis, tenuiter coriaceis, subtus
presertim secus nervos ferrugineo-hispidis, breviter petiolatis, marginibus in sicco late reflexis ;
floribus masculis aggregatis, brevissime cymosis, 5-meris, calyce campanulato, 5-fido, corolla
profund2 lobatd, staminibus cw o pilosis, floribus femineis subsessilibus aggregatis ; fructibus
solitariis vel binis, globosis, apice abrupte conicis, setosis, papilloso-verrucosis, albumine non
ruminato.
A shrub or small tree 12—14 feet high; with rufous-hairy terete branches, spreading
at 60°, glabrescent. Leaves oblong, distichous, obtusely lanceolate at apex, subcordate at
base, thinly coriaceous, margins widely reflexed in the dry state; dark shining and glabrous
except the midrib, with depressed veins above; ferruginous-hispid especially on the veins
beneath ; 2—54 in. long by 1—2 in. wide; petioles ;; in. long.
&. Flowers clustered in axils of leaves; cymes short, with oblong bracts glabrous inside,
3. in. long, pentamerous; calyx campanulate, ferruginous-hairy on both sides, {4 in. long,
lobes ovate-oblong, +in. long; corolla glabrous outside except a few pilose hairs along 5
longitudinal lines outside, 5-sided in bud, deeply 5-lobed; stamens 45—75, anthers linear,
slender, with long scattered ferruginous hairs, filaments short, combined at base and inserted
at base of corolla or on the receptacle, nearly glabrous; ovary 0 or minute.
2. Flowers in subsessile clusters. Fruit solitary or 2 together, globose but abruptly
pointed at apex, with long ferruginous stiff hairs that easily rub off, papillose-verrucose,
scarcely lin. long, pulpy. Fruiting peduncle hairy, } in. long; testa thick; albumen not
ruminated ; fruiting calyx with (4 or) 5 deep lanceolate lobes hairy inside, spreading, nearly
1 in. across.
Brazil, Bahia, Blanchet 1886; common in sandy shrubby places near Maceio, Alagoas,
February, 1838, Gardner/ 1412, in Q fl. and fr. The anthers in the figure quoted above
are incorrectly drawn as glabrous except the apex.
135. DiI0spYROS SUBROTATA, sp. nov.
D. foliis distichis, ovalibus, apice sepe acuminatis, basi subcordatis, tenuiter coriaceis,
breviter petiolatis, costd eaceptd glabrescentibus ; floribus masculis aaillaribus, cymosis, 5—-6-
meris, calyce aperte campanulato, corolla partitd, subrotatd, lobis obtusis patentibus, stamini-
bus circiter 20, antheris pilosis, linearibus ; floribus femineis sub-6-nis, fructibus pubescentibus.
A shrub of 8 feet high, or a small tree of 18—30 feet; young parts with pale appressed
pubescence, glabrescent except the midrib of leaves and inflorescence. Leaves oval- or ovate-
oblong, subcordate at base, more or less acuminate at apex, thinly coriaceous, with midrib
depressed on upper side, distichous, with margins slightly reflexed, 3—7 in. long by 14—
3 in. wide ; petioles ;4;—1 in. long.
6. Inflorescence axillary, cymose, with several or numerous flowers and spreading pedicels,
pubescent with short appressed hairs; cymes }—?in. long; pedicels ;—,§; in. long; flowers
pentamerous or hexamerous; calyx openly campanulate, with short deltoid lobes, with shert
appressed inconspicuous pubescence, ;4—+4 in. long; corolla subrotate, nearly } in. in diameter,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA, 251:
with deep oval spreading convex lobes, } in. long, with longitudinal stripes of appressed hair
outside, glabrous inside, rather thick; stamens about 20; anthers pilose, lmear; filaments
consolidated, short, pistil 0.
@. Flowers about 6 together in axillary cymes. Fruiting pedicels 1—}4 in. long or very
short (sessile ex Burchell MSS.); fruit depresso-subrotund, 4-5-sided, yellow, shining, with
scattered appressed short hairs, and nearly smooth skin, probably about lin. in diameter;
fruiting calyx $in. across with acute deltoid spreading lobes and short appressed hairs inside.
Brazil, at Para, Burchell! 9923, 9952, g fl. December; at Baido, Burchell! 9275.
Fruit in June.
136. Diospyros POLYANDRA, Spruce in Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. v. p. 7 (1861).
D. foliis distichis, ovato-oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi subcordatis, tenuiter coriacets,
subtus pubescentibus, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis aaillaribus, cymosis, 4—7-sepius
6-meris, calyce hemispherico extus fulvo-pubescente, lobis acutis, corolle lobis profundis,
patentibus, staminibus 40—50; antheris linearibus, pilosis, filamentis brevissimas, bast
connatis.
A tree 18—30 ft. high, with a trunk Qin. in diameter, and branches arranged in sub-
terminal whorls, long, subsimple, leafy throughout, tawny-hairy at the extremities. Leaves
ovate-oblong, acuminate at apex, subcordate at base, 35—6in. long by 14—3 in. wide, with
petioles ;,—1in. long, distichous, thinly coriaceous, with recurved edges, with scattered
appressed pubescence, glabrescent above; veins depressed on upper surface of leaf.
$. Inflorescence in axillary not very crowded cymes which without the flowers measure
about }in. long, densely hispid-pubescent, tawny; pedicels jj—,%, in. long; bracteoles de-
ciduous; flowers 4—7- usually 6-merous, white, sweet-scented, about $in. long and cylin-
dric-conical in bud; calyx hemispherical, about }in. long, with short acute lobes, glabrous
inside, tawny-hairy outside; corolla with oval-oblong deep lobes spreading in flower, glabrous
inside, with longitudinal stripes of hair outside; stamens 40—50; anthers linear, pilose ;
filaments very short, connate at base; pistil 0.
Brazil, south bank of Rio Negro at confluence with river Solimoes, Spruce/ 1528; fre-
quent on the banks of the Casiquiare, Spruce! 3166. ¢ flowers in May and sparingly in
November. According to Mr Spruce, the branches are arranged in whorls of five (very rarely
three or four).
137. Drospyros coccoLOB£FOL1A, Mart. F]. Bras. vit. (Eben.) p. 6. n. 7. tab. 1. fig 1 (1856). ©
D. foliis alternis, ovalibus, utrinque obtusis, discoloribus, tenwiter coriaceis, subglabris, petio-
latis; floribus masculis breviter cymosis, axillaribus, calyce sepius 4-partito, lobis ovatis vel
lanceolatis, patentibus, ciliatis, corolla 4—6-partitd, lobis oblongis patentibus, staminibus 18—24,
plerisque geminatis, hirsutis; floribus femineis 1—4-nis, 4-meris, staminodtis 4, ovario ovordeo-
conico, piloso, 4-loculart, loculis 1-ovulatis.
A small or moderate-sized dicecious tree, glabrescent in most parts. Shoots and lower surface
of leaves pubescent especially on veins and margins, sometimes glabrous. Leaves oval, thinly
32—2
252 Mr HIERN, .ON EBENACE.
coriaceous, or thickly membranous, somewhat or scarcely contracted and sometimes oblique at
base, rounded obtuse or emarginate at apex, with about 8 lateral veins on each side at about
50°—60° with midrib, alternate, 2—44 in. long by 1—3} in. wide ; angular divergence 2; net-veins
pellucid in Gardner's specimen, not so in Martin’s nor in Pohl’s; bluish green above, browner
beneath; hairs ferruginous; petioles }— $,in. long, somewhat decurrent, leaving large scars
on the branch; bracts transversely oblong, glabrous inside.
é. Inflorescence in axillary, ‘sane ee usually 3- flowered ore cymes se in.
long. Flowers } in. long, g
ovate or lanceolate, ciliated, ae as aie as sake calyx, erect-patent. Corolla glabrous, or eee
hairy lines on back, with 4—6 very deep oblong lobes much imbricated in the bud, erect-patent.
Stamens 18—24, many or all united by their filaments in pairs, }—}in. long, nearly equal,
inserted at very base of corolla (hairy either on the anthers or filaments), contiguous ; filaments
short and with spreading hairs (not so in Gardner’s specimen), anthers linear-oblong, glabrous
(pilose at base in Gardner's specimen), + in. long; pollen widely ellipsoidal. Ovary rudimentary,
fulvo-sericeous, hemispherical, small; style 0.
@. Inflorescence and outside of calyx fulvo-sericeous. Flowers axillary, solitary or 2—4
together; peduncles {—} in. long, thick, solitary or 2 together, articulated to the branches.
Calyx } in. high, with 4 ovate-acute lobes. Corolla tubular, 4-fid, twice the height of the calyx,
white, glabrous. Staminodes 4, inserted at the base of the corolla and alternate with its lobes, ’
filiform, included, with rigid hairs at base, glabrous above. Ovary ovoid-conical, covered with
shining erect hairs, continuous with 4 linear oblong truncate-obtuse stigmas, “apparently 4-
celled” with 1 ovule in each cell.
A fruit, collected by Gardner from Brazil, where it is called Marmaleiro, and is said to be
good to eat, probably belongs to this species; it is subglobose, rugose in the dry state, and nearly
glabrous, but pointed and tawny-pubescent at apex, $in. thick; the calyx is spreading, slightly
pubescent, with 4 deep ovate-oblong lobes, about din. across.
Brazil, Serra de Araripe, Gardner! 1511 (é fl. October); in hot dry places near the river
S. Francis in prov. Minas, eg. near Salgado and in the desert towards Vao do Paranan, @ flowers
in August and September, Martius! ; near Oliveira, Pohl! 455.
138. Drospyros PEARCEI, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, ovato-oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi obtusis vel rotundatis, tenuiter coriaceis,
subtus appresse pubescentibus, petiolatis ; floribus masculis aggregatis, subsessilibus, sepius penta-
meris, calyce campanulato, extus pubescente, 5-fido, lobis deltoideo-acutis, corolla subrotatd, lobis
patentibus, staminibus circiter 30, receptaculo insertis, antheris linearibus, pilosis, jilamentis
brevibus basi connatis.
Young parts densely tawny-pubescent ; an evergreen (?) tree, 15 ft. high. Leaves ovate-
oblong, rounded or slightly narrowed at base, alternate, acuminate at apex, thinly coriaceous,
dark green and glabrous above except the depressed midrib and veins, with scattered appressed
pubescence beneath, 6—7} in. long by 13—2¢in. wide: petiole }—4 in. long, pubescent.
g. Flowers very numerous and crowded, subsessile, 4} in. long, conical in bud, white,
pentamerous or occasionally hexamerous. Calyx campanulate, }in. long, pubescent, 5-fid; lobes
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA. 253
deltoid-acute, glabrous inside. Corolla with hairy lines outside, twice the length of the calyx,
deeply 5-lobed, subrotate, lobes spreading. Stamens about 30; anthers linear, pilose, with
long terminal apiculus; filaments short, combined at base, inserted on receptacle; ovary 0,
S. America, Peru (?), Monterico, 3000—4.000 ft. alt., rare, Pearce !
159. DIOSPYROS PERUVIANA, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi subrotundis vel angustatis, coriaceis, subtus
pubescentibus, petiolatis ; floribus masculis aggregatis, cymosis, 5—6-meris, calyce campanulato,
extus pubescente, 5—6-fido, lobis lanceolatis vel ovatis, corolld profunde lobatd, lobis rotundatis
patentibus, stamimbus 36—45, pilosis; floribus femineis aggregatis, subsessilibus, fructibus sub-
globosis, papilloso-rugosis, setosis, calyce fructifero patente, non aucto.
Young parts underside of leaves and inflorescence ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves alternate,
more or less oblong, acuminate at apex, coriaceous, deep green, shining and glabrescent except
the depressed veins above, pubescent beneath especially on the veins and recurved margins,
3—6 in. long by 1;—2in. wide; petioles }—} in. long.
3. Flowers cymose, several together, }—2in. long, crowded; cymes (excluding the flowers)
yin. long ; calyx campanulate {—1 in. long, densely pubescent outside
1—2 in. long; pedicels 35
slightly so inside, 5—6-fid, lobes ovate or lanceolate, acute; corolla deeply 5—6-lobed, 4—2 in.
long, lobes rounded, spreading widely in full flower, much imbricated sinistrorsely in bud, each
with a longitudinal stripe of dense ferruginous silky hairs outside; stamens 36—45, appearing at
the mouth of the open corolla, anthers linear, pilose, filaments glabrous or nearly so, combined at
the base ; ovary wanting.
Var. a. Sprucet. “A small tree, 15 feet high, not rarely pendulous at apex, with long
subpinnate branches, 5 or occasionally 3 or 4 together.” Leaves ovate-oblong, nearly rounded
at base. g flowers white, scentless, about 2in. long. Stamens about 45. @ flowers in sub-
sessile clusters. Fruit sub-spheroidal, $ in. thick, $ in. long, papillose-rugose, covered with
ferruginous sete, with remains of 4 styles at apex, yellow, rather fleshy, fruiting calyx not
acerescent, 7-fid, spreading, about 41m. across, bearing remains of calyx at base of fruit,
Tarapoto, E. Peru, in young woods, ¢ fl. in January, 1856, fruit in October, 1855, Spruce /
n. 4411.
Var. 8. ocanensis. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base. ¢ flowers greenish,
dashed with rose-colour, about }in. long. Stamens 36. New Granada, Ocaiia, 3500 ft. alt.,
flowers in June, Schlim/ n. 698. Perhaps a distinct species,
140. Diospyros WEDDELII, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, oblongis, apice obtuse acuminatis, basi cuneatis, coriaceis, glabris, breviter
petiolatis, nervis inconspicuis ; cymis femineis puberulis, paucifloris; fructibus globosis, verru-
cosis, breviter pubescentibus; seminum albumine non ruminato; calyce fructifero parvo,
patente, 5-fido, utrinque puberulo, lobis ovato-deltoideis.
Branches terete, young shoots puberulous, quickly glabrescent; bark of older branches
pale. Leaves alternate, oblong, obtusely acuminate at apex, alternate at base, coriaceous,
254 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
glabrous, undulated in the dry state, 1}—5 in. long by }—1} in. wide; petioles }—} in. long,
veins inconspicuous.
Q. Cymes axillary, puberulous, few-flowered, 4 in. long. Fruit globular, verrucose,
shortly pubescent between the rough points, 1} in. in diameter, tipped with remains of
ferruginous-silky style. Albumen of seeds not ruminated. Fruiting calyx small, flat, 5-fid,
puberulous on both sides, 4 in. in diameter, lobes ovate-deltoid.
Brazil, near Rio de Janeiro, Weddell! 577.
141. Drospyros GLOMERATA, Spruce in Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. v. p. 7 (1861).
D. foliis alternis, ovato-oblongis, apice acutis acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel subcordatis,
firmiter membranaceis, subtus pallidis appresse pubescentibus, breviter petiolatis ; floribus mas-
culis aggregatis, axillaribus, sessilibus, sericeis, 5—6-meris, calyce campanulato, corolla profunde
lobata, lobis patentibus, staminibus 26—33, sericeis; fructibus immaturis subglobosis, sub-10-
locularibus.
A slender tree 20—80 feet high; branches 5 together arranged in 3 subterminal whorls,
very long (12 feet), simple or rarely forked, leafy and flowering to the base; terminal buds
narrowly conical, covered with dense short yellowish hair; young shoots puberulous with short
brown curly-patent hairs, terete, glabrescent, dark, smooth. Leaves alternate, ovate-oblong,
firmly membranous, usually rounded or subcordate at base, acuminate and acute at apex,
6—12 in. long by 2—44 in. wide; dark green with few scattered weak pale hairs, glabrescent,
and with depressed midrib above; pale and covered with appressed hairs and with raised and
darker veins beneath ; petioles 1—} in. long, patent, slightly bent upwards at point of attach-
ment of leaf. Flowers sub-polygamous, pentamerous or hexamerous.
6. Flowers numerous in crowded axillary sessile clusters, pale, silky, “white,” scentless,
about } in. long, pentamerous or occasionally hexamerous ; bracts rounded, imbricated, hairy.
Calyx campanulate, 5—6-fid, with acute deltoid or ovate lobes, glabrous or nearly so inside.
Corolla deeply 5—6-lobed ; lobes oblong-obovate, glabrous inside, incurved near apex, erect-
patent, distant upwards when in full Hower, imbricated sinistrorsely in bud; stamens nearly
equal, 26—83, clustered and more or less united at base, inserted at base of corolla or on
receptacle; anthers linear, with long straight silky hairs on back and front; filaments short,
glabrous. Ovary 0 or in subhermaphrodite flowers ovoid pubescent 10(?)-celled terminated at
apex by 5-lobed style. Young fruit subglobose, about 10-celled,
N. W. Brazil, near Panuré by shady banks of Rio Uaupés, Spruce’ 2701, November;
Martius!; French Guiana, Martin!
142. Drospyros CAPREHFOLIA, Mart. MSS. in Herb.
D. foliis alternis, ovali- vel ovato-oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi angustatis, tenwiter cori-
aceis, subtus pallidis, subglabris, breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis subsessilibus, 4—5-meris,
calyce campanulato, 4—5-fido, corolla subrotatd, staminibus circiter 45, pilosis, corolle basi
insertis; floribus femineis solitariis, sessilibus, 5-meris, ovario dense hirsuto, stylis 4 (2)
A tree 40 feet high; terminal buds small, rufous-hairy, lateral, often hard; young shoots
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ, 255
with scattered rufous hairs, glabrescent ; branches spreading at 40°—70°, terete, with a rather
pale cuticle. Leaves oval or ovate-oblong, somewhat narrowed at base, acuminate at apex, thinly
coriaceous, dark green shining and glabrous except depressed midrib and with depressed veins
above, pale, subglabrous except the veins beneath, alternate, 2—3 in. long by #,—1,3; in. wide;
petioles ;,—1 in. long.
é. Flowers few together, in subsessile clusters, tetramerous or pentamerous; calyx
tin. long, with scattered appressed hairs, campanulate, felted within, 4—5-fid, lobes deltoid
acute +1, in. long; corolla J im. long, glabrous except longitudinal stripes of brown hairs outside,
subrotate, lobes oval, spreading, 4 in. long; stamens 45 (in one pentamerous flower), inserted at
base of corolla, anthers linear, with a few pilose erect hairs; filaments glabrous, combined at
base ; ovary rudimentary.
Q@. Flowers solitary, sessile, pentamerous, bracteate at base. Calyx 5-fid, with deltoid
lobes, hairy on both sides; corolla spreading, 1} in. across or more, glabrous outside; ovary
densely hairy, subrufous. Styles 4(), glabrous, erect, exceeding the ovary.
Brazil, Cape Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Sello 1011!/; Maranhaéo, Don/; Guinea, Surinam,
Martius! 1678.
143. Drospyros MANNH, sp. noy.
D. foliis alternis, ovali-oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi angustatis, firmiter membranaceis,
subtus pallidis, subglabris nervis exceptis, brenter petiolatis ; floribus masculis dense cymosis,
axillaribus et secus ramos vetusios lateralibus, 5—6-meris, calyce profunde lobato, corolla sub-
rotatd, staminibus 15—17, subequalibus, hispido-pilosis.
A tree, with young shoots rufous-hispid or afterwards fuscous-hispid ; older branches dark,
glabrate, spreading at about 50°. Leaves oval-oblong, narrowed at base, acuminate at apex,
alternate, firmly membranous, glabrous and with depressed veins above, glabrous (except a few
isolated erect hairs) and paler on the lamina and with rufous hispid hairs on the raised midrib
and lateral veins beneath, flat, 5—7}in. long by 1$—2! in. wide; petioles fuscous, hispid,
1—3, in. long.
. Inflorescence often on older branches, in several- or many-flowered dense short rufous-
hispid cymes in the axils of present or fallen leaves; pedicels short; flowers 3 in. long, pen-
tamerous or hexamerous. Calyx ferruginous-hairy on both sides, ;3;—2 in. long, deeply 5—6-fid,
with lanceolate somewhat spreading lobes. Corolla subrotate in full flower, ovoid-conical in
bud, } in. high, 5—6-partite, glabrous except patches of short pale hairs along exterior of
lanceolate-oblong spreading lobes. Stamens 15—17, nearly equal, about } in. long, appearing
at open mouth of corolla, hispid-pilose, with pale ferruginous hairs, on short filaments, not in
pairs. Ovary wanting, represented by a few hispid hairs.
West Equinoctial Africa, Gaboon River, ¢ fl. July, Mann! 924.
144. DrospyRos ARTANTHZFOLIA, Mart. Fl. Bras. vit. (Eben.) p. 7 (1856).
D. foliis aliernis, oblongis, apice cuspidato-acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel angustatis,
crassiuscule membranaceis, subtus fusco-hirtis, pallentibus, petiolatis; floribus femineis awilla-
ribus, solitartis vel binis, calyce 5-partito, hirtulo, baccis depresso-globosis, 8-locularibus, dense
rufo-setosis ; calycts fructifert lobis obtusis deltoiders.
256 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Sinuous branches petioles and underside of leaves especially on the midrib and rather
prominent veins villous with brown hairs. Leaves rather thickly membranous, oblong or ovate-
oblong, 4—7 in. long by 2—4 in. wide, cuspidate-acuminate, rounded or contracted at the base,
dark green, rather paler beneath, with 8—13 lateral veins on each side, alternate; petioles
4 in. long; veins depressed above.
9. Flowers axillary, solitary or 2 together, subsessile in fruit; calyx 5-partite, somewhat
hairy; fruiting calyx divided beyond the middle; lobes triangular, rather obtuse, tawny-
setulose especially in middle. Berry densely rufous-setose, 8-celled, depresso-globose, setze
shining.
S. America, N. Peru, Maynas, in woods, Péppig! 2266.
145. Diospyros PappiciaNa, Alph. DC. Prodr. vil. p. 224. n. 9 (1844).
D. foliis alternis, ovali-lanceolatis, apice obtuse acuminatis, basi cuneatis, tenuiter cori-
aceis, subtus appresse-pubescentibus, breviter petiolatis ; floribus masculis breviter cymosis, fulvo-
pubescentibus, calyce aperte campanulato, breviter 4—5-fido, corolla tubulosd, apice obtuse lobatd,
staminibus 12—20, subequalibus, filamentis brevibus glabris, antheris hispidis; fructibus glo-
Losis, appresse papilloso-pubescentibus, calyce fructifero non aucto patente.
Miq. in Mart. Fl. Bras. vit. (Eben.) p. 4, n. 4 (1856).
A small bushy tree, rarely erect, 15—25 feet high; alternate branches and underside of
leaves with scattered appressed hairs. Leaves oval- or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate or
narrowed at apex, cuneate or abruptly narrowed at base, alternate, thinly coriaceous with
very slightly reflexed margins, glabrescent above except the depression of midrib, 2—4 in. long
by §—13 in. wide; petioles }—} in. long; lateral veins inconspicuous.
3. Inflorescence tawny-pubescent, cymose, bearing few or several flowers, in short cymes
which measure about } in. long exclusive of the flowers; pedicels short, reflexed; flowers 2 in.
long, tetramerous or pentamerous ; bracts ovate, acute, caducous; calyx +4 in. high, openly and
shortly campanulate, shortly 4—5-fid with acute lobes, dark, with pale pubescence outside,
glabrous inside; corolla 3% in. long, tubular, bright tawny-hairy outside, glabrous inside,
shortly 4—5-lobed at apex, lobes obtuse; stamens 12—15 or 18—20, nearly equal; anthers
hispid, linear, hypogynous; filaments short, glabrous, combined at base more or less in pairs ;
ovary small, rudimentary, with short inconspicuous hairs. Fruit globular, nearly 1 in. in
diameter, shining but with scattered appressed short brown hairs especially at apex arising
from papillose bases, 6—8-celled. Fruiting calyx } in. in diameter, spreading but appressed to
base of fruit, 4—5-lobed, not accrescent.
Brazil, Amazon, Péppig! 2639; Povoagaé dos Juris, Martius! n. 3053; Rio Negro, fre-
quent on margin of Gapé from Barcellos upwards, Nov., Spruce! 1938; St Hilaire’; Rio
Uaupés, Gapd, October, Spruce! 2635,
146. DrIospYROS EMARGINATA, sp. nov. Plate IX.
D. foliis alternis, obovatis, apice retusis vel emarginatis, basi cuneatis, coriaceis, costd
ewceptd glabrescentibus, inconspicue reticulatis, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis axillaribus,
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE®, 257
conferto-cymosis, fulvo-hirsutis, calyce 4—5-fido, corolld tubulosd, apice 4—5-lobd, stamini-
bus 25—32, subequalibus, filamentis brevibus, antheris hispidis; fructibus globosis, subglabris,
calyce fructifero vie aucto.
A tall straight tree, 90 feet high, with a trunk 2 feet thick; shoots with a few inconspi-
cuous appressed hairs. Leaves obovate, alternate, retuse or emarginate at apex, cuneate at
base, coriaceous, quite glabrescent except the midrib beneath and its depression above, with
highly reticulated but inconspicuous veins; 13—3 in. long by ;%—14 in. wide ; petioles about
} in. long.
g. Inflorescence axillary, tawny-hairy; cymes }—4 in. long, bearing several flowers on
short pedicels; flowers 3 in. long, tetramerous or pentamerous, drooping, tawny; calyx 51, in.
high, shortly and openly campanulate, 4—5-fid with sub-acute lobes, dark, with short scattered
appressed hairs outside, glabrous inside; corolla tubular, with tawny-silky hairs outside,
glabrous inside, 4—5-lobed at apex; stamens 25—32, nearly equal; anthers hispid, linear,
filaments glabrous towards base, more or less combined at base in pairs or otherwise; ovary
rudimentary, hairy.
@. Fruit globular, about 1 in. in diameter, subglabrous but with a few scattered appressed
short hairs. Fruiting ealyx about 4 im. in diameter, flat and appressed to base of fruit.
Brazil, Rio Negro, Gapé below Barcellos, November. Always within (and not on) the skirts
of inundated forests, nearly related to D. Péppigiana, Alph. DC. but less common, Spruce / 1913.
Plate IX. A branch in male flower, natural size. a. a piece of a branch with male
flower abnormally thickened by an insect, not magnified. . interior of male flower cut open,
magnified 3 diameters. c. a stamen, magnified 10 diameters. d. a fruit, natural size.
147. DIOSPYROS RIGIDA, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, oblongis, basi rotundis, rigide coriaceis, supra glabris, subtus pallide
subvelutinis, costd robustd, nervis inconspicuis, petiolatis; fructibus cymosis, depresso-globosis
glanduloso-pulverulentis, ceterum glabris ; calyce fructifero cyathiformi, fructum cequante, coriaceo,
puberulo, profunde 4-lobo, lobis late ovatis erectis.
Shoots shortly fuscous-hispid, terete; leaves alternate, oblong or oval-oblong, rounded at
base, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous above, pale beneath and covered with thin velutinous tomen-
tum, 5—14 in. long by 1}—33 wide, midrib stout, slightly depressed on the upper side, net-veins
not conspicuous; petioles stout, wrinkled, puberulous, }—# in. long.
¢. Fruit about 3 together on the young branches, depresso-globose, 1 in. long, covered with
reddish glandular pulverulence (as in D. Embryopteris), otherwise glabrous; peduncles 3—1} in.
long, nigro-hispidulous, rigid ; fruiting calyx cup-shaped, as high as the fruit, 11 in. in diameter,
coriaceous, puberulous, deeply 4-lobed; lobes widely ovate, erect.
Borneo, O. Beccari/ n. 2285.
148. Diospyros EmpryoptTeris, Pers. Synops. I. p. 624. n. 6 (1807).
D. foliis alternis, oblongis vel anguste ovalibus, apice sepius acuminatis, basi obtusis,
coriaceis vel submembranaceis, glabris, petiolatis, reticulatis; floribus masculis avillaribus,
racemose cymosis, 3—T-nis, 4- rarius 5-meris, pubescentibus, flavescentibus, calyce patente, 4—5-fido,
corolld campanulatd, lobis obtusis, staminibus 24—, pubescentibus, antheris linearibus, fila-
Vou. XI. Parr I. 33
258 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
mentis brevissimis; floribus femineis 1—5-nis, subsessilibus vel cymosis, 4-meris, staminodiis
1—12, pubescentibus, ovario farinaceo-glanduloso, sepius 8-loculari, stylis 4; fructibus globosis
vel ellipsoideis.
Excl. syn. Lam., Bot. Reg. t. 499 (1820), Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 235. n. 65 (1844),
Griff. Notule Iv. p. 289 (1854), Thw. En. Ceyl. Pl. p. 178. n. 1 (1860), Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Madras
t. 69 (1870), non Boj.
Embryopteris peregrina, Gaertn. Fruct. I. p. 145. t. 29. f. 2 (1788).
Garcinia malabarica, Desrouss. in Encycl. Méth. m1. p. 701 (1789).
Embryopteris glutinifera, Roxb. Coromand. I. p. 49. t. 70 (1795); £. globularia, ex Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. m. p. 1048. n. 16 (1856).
Diospyros glutinosa, Roxb. Hort. Bengal. p. 40 (1814); Konig ex Roxb. Fl. Ind., edit.
1832, I. p. 533.
Diospyros glutinifera, Wall. List n. 4123 B (1828—82).
Diospyros malabarica, Kosteletsky, Med. Pharmac. Flora (m1) p. 1099 (1834).
Embryopteris gelatinifera, G: Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. tv. p. 41 (1837).
Diospyros citrifolia, Wall. ex. Alph. DC. l.c.
Embryopteris glutenifera, Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Of. Vol. 11. pt. 2, p. 4, tt. 843, 844 (1843—47).
Diospyros melanoxylon, Hassk. Cat. Pl. Hort. Bot. Bogor. 1. p. 159 (1844), Ettingsh. Blatt-
Skel. Dikot. t. 41. £ 9 (1861), non Roxb.
A middle-sized or large evergreen tree, glabrous and shining except the buds inflorescence
and fruit; there is however occasionally a slight puberulence upon the petioles, &c. Branches
straight, spreading. Bark scaly. Leaves oblong or narrowly oval, alternate, usually rounded
at base, sometimes subcordate or slightly narrowed, acute lanceolate acuminate or obtuse
at apex, highly reticulated with veins in relief on both sides with the exception of the midrib
which is depressed on the upper side, coriaceous, of a pale green colour, persistent, 3—12 in.
long by 3—33 in. wide; petioles }—#4 in. long, usually channelled above. Flowers yellowish-
white, dicecious or polygamous.
6. Cymes about 3—7-flowered, tawny- or fuliginous-pubescent or puberulous, 1—# in. long
(excluding the flowers) ; flowers ovoid, } in. long in bud, 2 in. long when open, tetramerous or
occasionally pentamerous; calyx } in. long by 2 in. wide, 4-fid, pubescent, lobes pubescent
inside; corolla 4 in. long, with pubescent patches of hair outside, glabrous inside, shortly
cylindrical, lobes about + in. long, spreading, imbricated sinistrorsely in bud; stamens
indefinite, 24—64 or more, nearly equal, inserted on the receptacle or at base of corolla,
anthers linear, more or less hairy on back and front, filaments very short, hairy; ovary 0 or
rudimentary; receptacle hairy.
9. Flowers 1—5 together, subsessile or cymose, tetramerous, larger than in the male plant,
cymes ranging up to # in. long, glabrescent or pubescent; bracts caducous; calyx deeply lobed,
pubescent or glabrescent, lobes dilatate-subcordate at base, erect-patent, ovate, 1—% in. long;
corolla about 4 in. long, with short nearly erect lobes; staminodes 1—12, hairy (sometimes per-
haps perfect stamens), inserted at base of corolla or partly hypogynous; ovary glabrous (normally),
reddish-glandular, or with a basal ring of hairs (rarely hairy ?), 8 (—10) -celled; styles 4, hairy
at base, dilated and lobed at apex, spreading; fruit usually solitary, subsessile or pedunculate,
globular or ovoid, often large (1}—2 in. long), glandular or glabrate, 6—8—10-celled and
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 259
-seeded, of a yellowish rusty colour, covered with a rubiginous mealiness; fruiting calyx deeply
4-lobed, puberulous or glabrate, as wide as or wider than the fruit, spreading more or less or
erect, with lobes dilatate-subcordate at base, imbricated sinistrorsely.
An officinal preparation (Extractum Diospyri of the Pharmacopeeia of India) is a valuable
astringent obtained from the fruit of this species, and is useful in diarrhoea chronic dysentery
and leucorrhcea and as a local application to bruises and sprains.
Of this variable species the following varieties may be noticed :—
8. atrata, Thy. l.c. Leaves thinly coriaceous; buds, peduncles and calyx fuliginous-
pilose.
y. nervosa, Thw. J. c. Veins on both sides of the coriaceous leayes very prominent; leaves
rounded at the base. Buds, peduncles and calyx nigro-pilose. Fruiting calyx-lobes erect.
Local names. Panitsjika-maram, Reede, Hort. Malabar. pt. mi. p. 45. t. 41 (1782).
Malabarensibus; Tembiri, Brachmanis; Fruita da Grude, Lusitanis ; Lym-appel, Belgis. Tumika
of the Telingas, ex Roxb. Corom. J. c. Mangostan-utan of the Malays. Tindooka, the Sanscrit
name, ex Roxb. Fl. Ind. Gawb in Bengal. Kibaragma or Kledong in Java. Timberee-gass
in Ceylon. Kasi in Banda, India. Gusvakendhu in Goomsur forests, Madras.
The fruit when unripe contains a large quantity of tannin, and when ripe is eaten but
is not very palatable. The astringent viscid mucus of the fruit is used in Bengal for paying the
bottom of boats, and an infusion is employed to steep fishing-nets in to make them more
durable. It is also used for book-binding since it preserves the books from insects. Masts and
yards of country vessels are made from this tree in Ceylon.
India, Silhet, Wallich ! 4123; Quilon, Hurdwar, Amherst, Tavoy, Wallich; N. W. India,
Hb. Royle, M. P. Edgeworth!; Bengal, Behar, Hooker fil. and T. Thomson! (Cult. 2); Assam
plains!; Upper Assam, Jenkins! 277; Ceylon, Thwaites! C.P. 1915, Walker !, Hb. Wight!
1711 bis, Gardner ! 531 (8 or y); Canara, Mangalor, Hohenacker! 869; Siam, Sir R. Schom-
burgk! 115; Java, Dr Horsfield! Eben. 2, 7, 8; Zollinger! 3565; E. Doon, Dr Brandis!
Var. 8. Ceylon, Thwaites! C.P. 2731; Mergui, Griffith! 3626, 3627; Tenasserim,
Packmann !
Var. y. Ceylon, Thwaites! C. P. 1910.
149, DIOSPYROS CORIACEA, sp. nov.
D. tota coriacea, glabrata; foliis alternis, oblongo-lanceolatis vel ovalibus, apice acumi-
natis, basi fere rotundatis vel breviter angustatis, petiolatis; floribus femineis solitariis vel
raro binis breviter pedunculatis axillaribus, calyce lato, plicato, 4—8-fido, lobis obtusis, corolla
breviter semi-ellipsoided 4—3-fidd, lobis rotundatis valde contortis, staminodiis 5 glabris, ovario
minute granuloso-glanduloso, subgloboso, 8-loculari, stylo apice lobato, fructibus subglobosis
levibus, calyce fructifero ampliato longitudine fructus.
Shoots dark-cinereous, glabrate, terete; leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate or oval, acumi-
nate at apex, nearly rounded or somewhat narrowed at base, coriaceous, glabrate, moderately
reticulated, 2—4 in. long by $—1} in. wide; petioles +—}in long.
2. Flowers solitary or rarely 2 together, in upper axils, glabrous, coriaceous; peduncles
1 1in. long; calyx wide, plicate, }in. wide, jin. high, 4—8-fid, lobes obtuse; corolla
shortly ovoid, as high as the calyx, }in. wide, 4—3-fid, lobes rounded, much contorted ;
33—2
260 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ.
staminodes 5 (in one case), glabrous; ovary subglobose, glabrous, covered with minute gland-
ular pulyerulence, 8-celled, cells 1-ovuled; style lobed at apex, glabrous; fruit subglobose,
2in. high, glabrous, smooth; fruiting calyx jin. in diameter, widely plicate, about as high
as the fruit.
Borneo, O. Beccari! n. 1422, 3455.
150. DrospYROS CRASSIFLORA, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, oblongis, apice anguste acuminatis, basi angustatis, glabris, unicoloribus,
tenuiter coriaceis, patentibus, petiolatis, nervis inconspicuis ; floribus masculis crassis, 1—8-nis,
brevissime cymosis, awillaribus, calyce depresso-hemispherico, 4—5-fido, utrinque puberulo, lobis
rotundatis, corolla ellipsoided, carnosd, apice 4—6-lobd, staminibus «© ©, subequalibus, plurt-
serialibus, dorso pubescentibus, hypogynis, ovario minuto, hirsuto.
A tall tree, nearly glabrous except the inflorescence; branches dark, terete. Leaves
alternate, spreading, oblong, narrowly acuminate at apex, narrowed more or less at base,
of same green colour on both sides, very thinly coriaceous, shining above with depressed
midrib and inconspicuous veins, with clear lateral and delicate tertiary veins beneath,
7—S8 in. long by 2—22in. wide; petioles 4—4in. long.
$. Flowers }—? in. long, 1—8 together, on very short, shortly pubescent axillary
peduncles or cymes. Calyx depresso-hemispherical, toughly coriaceous, }in. in diameter,
shortly puberulous on both sides, 4—5-fid; lobes rounded. Corolla “ fleshy, of a light pmk
colour and of the size and form of a pigeon’s egg,” shortly tomentose outside, nearly
oom
glabrous inside, 4—6-toothed at apex; teeth contorted sinistrorsely as regarded from within,
;—1 in. deep, obtuse. Stamens very numerous, about $in. long, inserted on the receptacle,
subequal, in several rows; anthers linear, acute, 2-celled, somewhat hairy on the back;
filaments very short. Ovary minute, hairy.
Female flower and fruit unknown.
West Tropical Africa, Old Calabar, Rev. W. C. Thomson !, 12 March, 1863.
151. Drospyros piscotor, Willd. Sp. Pl. Iv. p. 1108 (1805).
D. foliis alternis, oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi rotundatis, coriaceis, supra nitidis glabris,
subtus pallidis appresse pilosis vel glabrescentibus, petiolatis, nervis inconspicuis ; floribus
masculis in cymis brevibus trifloris secus ramulos juniores terminaliter confertis, scepius
tetrameris, sericeis, calycis lobis ovalibus, rotundatis, corolla infundibuliformi profunde 4-fidd,
staminibus 24—28, subequalibus, glabris, geminatis; floribus femineis solitariis, axillaribus,
sessilibus, staminodiis 4, 5, 10, glabris, corolle basi insertis, ovario dense piloso, 8-loculars ;
fructibus subglobosis, carnosis, pilosis, 4—6-spermis, albwmine non ruminato, calyce fruotifero
fructus bast appresso.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 235. n. 66 (1844).
Cavanillea philippensis, Desrouss. in Lam. Encyel. 11. p. 663 (1789).
C. Mabolo, Lam. Encycl. tab. 454 (1828).
D. Mabola, Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 40 (1814), Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1139 (1828).
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE, 261
D. Embryopteris, Boj. Hort. Maurit. p. 200 (1837), non Pers.
Embryopteris discolor, G. Don. Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. tv. p. 41 (1837).
Diospyros Kaki, Blanco, Fl. Filip. edit. i. p. 302 (1837), non Linn. f.
D. Blancoi, Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 237. n. 74 (1844).
D. embriopteris, Blanco, Fl. Filip. edit. ii. p. 209 (1845).
D. melanida, Sieber!, Fl. Maurit. Suppl. n. 29; non Poir.
A tree of moderate size, 40 feet or more high; the trunk furnishes a hard compact
ebony of an exceedingly deep black colour. Young shoots and inflorescence fulvo-sericeous.
Leaves oblong, alternate, coriaceous, rounded at base, acuminate at apex, brown glabrous
and shining above, pale and appressedly pilose beneath, with shining silvery hairs that
penetrate the skin and cause it to itch, ultimately glabrescent, 5—8—12 in. long (including
petiole }—{in. long) by 2—8—4in. wide, rigid; lateral veins delicate, inconspicuous;
midrib depressed above, stout beneath, wrinkled when dry as well as the petioles and young
shoots. Sometimes small glands are found on the under side of the leaves.
é. Flowers about ;%;in. long, subsessile on short contiguous 3-flowered cymes, which
are arranged in terminal or axillary racemes, sweet-scented, tetramerous or occasionally
pentamerous. JBracteoles shortly deltoid, acute. Calyx turbinate-campanulate, coriaceous,
wider than the corolla-tube, 2 long, deeply lobed, lobes oval, rounded or mucronate; silky out-
side, glabrous inside. Corolla silky outside, glabrous inside, coriaceous, funnel-shaped ; lobes
rather longer than the tube, spreading, oval. Stamens glabrous, 24—28, in pairs, nearly
equal, hypogynous or inserted at the base of the corolla-tube, erect, more or less united
at their base; filaments shorter than the linear laterally dehiscing anthers; ovary hairy,
rudimentary.
9. Flowers solitary, axillary, bracteate at base, about # in. long, subterminal-spicate,
tetramerous or pentamerous, sessile. Calyx open, about }in. high; lobes nearly }in. long
and wide, }-oval, coriaceous, cordate at base, appressedly silky outside, glabrous and
shining inside, imbricated in various ways. Corolla gin. long, shortly tubular, contracted
about middle, silky outside except near base, glabrous inside; tube #in. long, truncate-
ovate, lobes about as long as the tube, spreading, }-oval, obtuse, margins incurved, im-
bricated sinistrorsely. Staminodes usually 4, occasionally 5 or even 10, much shorter than
the corolla; filaments about as long as the barren (2) anthers; all glabrous, alternate with
corolla-lobes ; ovary very densely pilose, large, 8- or more-celled, fleshy, 8 !-celled in specimen
of Dr Maingay, depresso-conical, cells 1-ovuled; styles 4, distinct, hairy outside or glabrous,
arched, converging at apex. Fruit thick, fleshy, globose or subglobose, densely hairy, reddish,
like a quince, 4—6-seeded, with flesh rose-coloured, 8—4in. in diameter, pulp white; hairs
ferruginous; albumen cartilaginous, not ruminated ; fruiting calyx flattish, appressed, rather
more than lin. in diameter.
The wood is very hard, of a dark flesh colour, which in time becomes black like ebony.
The fruit has an agreeable smell like a quince (but sometimes not so), and is edible after
removing the hairs and skin. Local names Mabolo in Tagalog, Amaga in Bisaya, Talang
in Pampango, according to Blanco, l.c.
Philippine Islands, Manila, Gaudichaud!; Blanco. Cultivated in Mauritius (Hb. Kunth !)
and in the Calcutta and Paris Gardens; also introduced at Mahé I. Seychelles, Horne! 345;
262 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Guadalope, Perottet! cultivated (?); Malaya, Pulo Ticus, “ Stem thin,” Dr Maingay! 970/2;
Borneo, 0. Beccari! n. 1892, Wallich/ 4131.
A form with leaves pale and having numerous inconspicuous veins on both sides, pro-
bably introduced, is found at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Glaziow! 1560, 1561.
152. DIospyROS ARGENTEA (D. argenteus), Griff. Not. Iv. p. 288 (1854).
D. foliis alternis, oblongis, apice acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel cordatis, coriaceis, supra
glabris, subtus dense argenteo-pilosis, breviter petiolatis; floribus masculis breviter cymosis,
sepius tetrameris, sericeis; calyce 4-fido, campanulato-cylindrico, lobis ovalibus; corolla bre-
viter tubulosd, lobis ovalibus; staminibus 22—24, subcequalibus, hirsutis, geminatis, ovari
rudimento pubescente ; floribus femineis solitariis, breviter pedunculatis, staminodiis 4—5, ovario
dense hirsuto 4-loculari, loculis imperfecte divisis; fructibus ellipsoideis, strigoso-pilosis,
8-locularibus, seminibus 6—8, albumine non ruminato; calyce fructifero 4-partito, aucto ;
lobis oblongis.
Buds lanceolate-acuminate, with silvery silky hairs; branchlets somewhat compressed,
covered as well as inflorescence and petioles with very brilliant silvery and silky hairs which
at length become ferruginous-silvery. Leaves alternate, oblong, coriaceous, cordate or rounded
at base, sharply acuminate at apex, glabrous above, densely velutinous-pilose beneath with
silky shining silvery hairs, which afterwards become ferruginous-silvery and at length mostly
fall off, leaving an appressed pubescence and the under surface of the leaf pale, 7—11 in.
long by 2—3} in. wide; petioles }—4in. long; margins reflexed; midrib stout, depressed
above ; lateral veins inconspicuous.
3. Cymes axillary, spreading, near ends of branchlets, 4—#in. long (exclusive of the
flowers), bearing 3— flowers; common peduncle 1—2 in. long; ultimate pedicels short;
bracts ovate, glabrous inside. Flowers (closed) nearly } in. long, silky outside, usually tetra-
merous. Calyx %,in, long, campanulate-cylindrical, silky on both sides, 4- (in one case 3-)
fid, lobes oval. Corolla 2in. long, shortly tubular, 4-lobed, silky on both sides especially
outside, lobes Lin. deep, oval. Stamens 22—24, in pairs, nearly equal, very hairy, filaments
much shorter than the anthers; ovary rudimentary, hairy.
¢@. Flowers solitary, in axils of upper leaves; peduncles 1—1in. long. Calyx about
in. long, 4-fid, densely furred on both sides, campanulate; calyx-lobes ovate, apiculate.
Corolla ;4;in. long, 4-fid, tomentose; lobes oval, apiculate, imbricated, hairy inside. Stami-
nodes 4—5, alternate with corolla-lobes, hairy above; ovary globose, densely hairy, 4-celled;
cells imperfectly divided ; ovules 8; styles 4, hairy, erect, }—4in. Fruit with 1 oval bract at the
base 2in, long, ;4,in. wide, glabrous inside, egg-shaped, 21—3in. long by 14—2 in. thick,
very strigosely pilose, greenish-white or yellowish, shortly cuspidate at the apex, 8-celled.
Fruiting calyx 4-partite, sometimes 8 in. wide; lobes very large, oblong, concave, obtuse,
with metallic lustre, very silvery-silky outside, veined inside, 1{—2in. long by { in. wide;
seeds 6—8, subcylindrical, slightly attenuated at both ends; ranging up to 2in. long by
fin. wide, imbedded in pulp; albumen cartilaginous or horny, white; embryo ;4—?in. long;
radicle thick, clavate, about equalling or shorter than the cotyledons,
Malacea, Griffith! 3625; Maingay! n. 968.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA), 263
153. Drospyros Toposta, Hamilt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. xv. p. 115 (1827).
D. foliis alternis, oblongis ovatis vel lanceolatis, apice dcwminatis, bast obtusis, coriaceis,
glaberrimis, crebre reticulatis, petiolatis ; floribus masculis axillartbus, cymosis, calyce initio clauso
lobis connatis demum irregulariter apice rupto, corolla urceolatd, apice 4—5-lobd, staminibus @ ,
glabris ; floribus femineis solitariis, staminodiis 12—16, ovario 4- (rarius 6-) loculari, fructibus
subglobosis vel ellipsoideis, glanduloso-pubescentibus vel glabrescentibus, seminibus 1—4; calyce
Fructifero 3—4-lobo, pubescente.
Ettingsh. Blat.-Skel. Dikot. t. 42. f 7 (1861); Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. (Part. vir.) p. 25,
t. 122 (1871); Alph. DC. Prodr. vu. p. 287. n. 73 (1844).
D. racemosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 40 (1814); Fl. Ind., edit. 1832, vol. mu. p. 536;
Wight, Ic. t. 416:
D. lanceolata, Wall. List n. 4122 (1828—32), non Poir.
D. incisa, Hamilt. ex. Wall. l.c.
Embryopteris racemosa, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. tv. p. 41 (1837).
Called Yopost in Bengal, where it is cultivated on account of the fragrancy of the
flowers; Kahakaala-gass in Ceylon, see Thw. ‘Enum. Ceyl. Pl. p. 179. n. 4 (1860); Goolul
in Silhet and Tipperah, see Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 40 (1814).
A large or middle-sized tree with glabrous terete branches. Leaves alternate, oblong ovate
or oval, acuminate at apex, obtusely narrowed or rounded at base, coriaceous, closely and
clearly net-veined, with midrib depressed on upper surface, shining above, quite glabrous,
3—8in. long by 1—3{in. wide; petioles 4—}in. long. Foliage like D. paniculata, Dalz.
g. Cymes axillary }—1in. long, slightly hairy or glabrescent, usually 3-flowered, im
cultivated specimens 3—12-flowered; flowers }in. long, yellow, pedicels shorter than the
calyx; bracts caducous, at the top of peduncle: calyx at first closed in bud with con-
nate lobes, afterwards irregularly broken from apex in unequal acute lobes, scattered with
inconspicuous short sete, about in. high. Corolla urceolate, 4-lobed at apex, glabrous except
a few short hairs outside along the middle lines of the lobes; Dr Hamilton states that
the corolla is 5-lobed. Stamens numerous, indefinite, in one case 33, glabrous, mostly
hypogynous ; filaments very short; ovary rudimentary.
. Flowers solitary; fruiting peduncle {—}in. long, sometimes at base shortly adnate
to the branch so as to become supra-axillary; bracts at top of peduncle, caducous. Calyx
as in 6. Corolla tubular-urceolate, 4-lobed at apex. Staminodes 12—16. Ovary 4 rarely 6-
celled. Style 0, stigma 4lobed. Fruit oblong or subglobose, 3—1lin. long; glandular and
covered with short weak close tawny hairs or glabrescent. Fruiting calyx hairy, with
3—4 oblong or rounded lobes, $— in. across, spreading; seeds 1—4, albumen cartilaginous,
not ruminated but with very faint radiating strie near the circumference.
East Bengal, Griffith! 3622; Ceylon, not uncommon in damp forests up to an elevation
of 4000 feet, Zhwaites! C.P. 1911, 2514, Gardner! 533; Silhet, Roxburgh, Wallich /
4122; ? Khasia, Dr Hooker! (part).
A specimen from Borneo, collected by O. Beccari! n. 3052, with leaves 5—11in. long
by 13—4in. wide, and subglobose 4celled 4-seeded fruit with deeply trifid calyx nearly
lin. in diameter, probably belongs to this species.
9
264 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
THE FOLLOWING SPECIES OF DIOSPYROS ARE TOO IMPERFECTLY KNOWN TO BE PLACED
IN THEIR POSITIONS IN THE SECTIONS.
154. Diospyros GraTa, Wallich, List n. 4142 (1828—32).
D. folits alternis, oblongis, utrinque angustatis, obtusis, glabris, floribus femineis solitariis,
subsessilibus, ovario fulvo-hispido ; fructibus globosis, subglabratis, calyce fructifero 5-fido, pen-
tagono, utrinque pubescente.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 282. n. 48 (1844).
Branches nearly glabrous, pubescent at the extremities. Leaves alternate, glabrous,
oblong, narrowed at both ends, obtusely acuminate at apex, 3—6in. long by 1—2in. wide;
midrib depressed above; veins slender, crowded, not conspicuous; petioles 4—{ in. long,
glabrous.
Q. Fruit solitary, subsessile, globose, about lin. in diameter, glabrate or with remains
of ferruginous hairs ; fruiting calyx stellate, 5-fid and 5-cornered, hairy on both sides, tawny,
3in. across; peduncles very short, hairy,
Nepal, Wallich! Cfr. D. lanceefolia, Roxb.
155. Diospyros orIXENSIS, Wight Hb.!, non Klein.
D. foliis alternis, ellipticis, apice obtuse angustatis vel breviter acuminatis, basi obtusis,
glabrescentibus, tenuiter coriaceis, breviter petiolatis; fructibus solitartis asillaribus subglo-
bosis, breviter pedunculatis ; calyce fructifero profunde 4-fido, appresso vel leviter patente, extus
piloso, lobis obtusis.
Young shoots petioles and peduncles hirsute, afterward puberulous, ultimately glabrous,
terete; leaves alternate, thinly coriaceous, elliptical, obtuse at base, obtusely narrowed or
shortly acuminate at apex, glabrescent, brown on both sides, midrib slightly depressed above
and veins inconspicuously raised above, more manifest beneath, subnitescent, 14—3} in. long by
#—l} in. wide; petioles in. long, strong.
@. Fruit solitary, axillary, dark, subglobose, about 2 in. in diameter, on peduncle about
equalling the petiole; bracts caducous; fruiting calyx deeply 4-fid, appressed to base of
fruit or somewhat spreading, +in. across, subpilose outside ; lobes obtuse; seeds 2—3, oblong,
tin. long.
Courtallum, Hb. Wight /
156. Diospyros popECcANDRA, Loureiro Fl. Cochinch. p. 228. n. 5 (1790).
D. foliis alternis, late-lanceolatis; floribus aaillaribus; corolle tubo subgloboso, lobis 4,
brevibus ; staminibus 18, corolle basi insertis; baccis compressis, lentiformibus, 8-spermis.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 238. n. 86 (1844).
Embryopteris Loureiriana, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. rv. p. 41 (1837).
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA, 265
A large tree with sub-patent branches. Leaves widely lanceolate, quite entire, alter-
nate. Flowers hermaphrodite according to Loureiro, axillary, white; corolla 4-lobed, tube
subglobose, large, lobes short; stamens 18, inserted at the base of the corolla, Fruit pallid,
compressed, lentiform, 1-celled [?], 8-seeded, pulpy; pulp moderate, somewhat sweet, astrin-
gent, edible, not good-tasted; seeds compresso-ovate, bony, large.
Spontaneous and cultivated in Cochinchina, Loureiro. Local name, Cay Thi trdm.
Wood like that of D. decandra, Lour., but without the very black veins in the heart;
white and smooth and with dense fibres. Used in gardens to support black pepper plants.
157. Drospyros (?) prtosa, Alph. DC. Prodr. vii p. 219 (1844).
D. caule arboreo, foliis alternis, ovato-lanceolatis, subtus tomentosis, breviter petiolatis ;
floribus masculis racemosis, rubro-fuscis, calyce 5-lobo, lobis ovatis, corollé 5-lobd, tubo brevi,
lacintis ovato-oblongis, crassis, patentibus, calyce sublongioribus, filamentis 15 brevibus, antheris
oblongis.
Euclea pilosa, Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch, p. 629 (1790).
A large tree with ascending branches; dicecious. Wood fit for house-building. Leaves
alternate, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, tomentose beneath; petioles short. Flowers reddish-
brown, “in terminal racemes.”
é. Calyx 5-lobed, lobes ovate, pilose on both sides; corolla 5-lobed, tube short, lobes
ovate-oblong, crass, pilose, patent, rather longer than the calyx; filaments 15, short, anthers
oblong, erect.
Cochinchina, Zoureiro. Vernacular name Cdy Whaoe.
158. Diospyros HasseLtu, Zoll. Obs. Bot. Nov. p. 15. n. 3 in Natuurk. Tydschr. Neer.
Ind. Vol. xiv. (1857).
D. foliis ovalibus, utrinque attenuatis, nitidis, glabris; floribus asillaribus, racemosis,
racemis suberectis, calycis marginibus in axillis loborum deflexis, laciniis acutis, pedicellis
subclavatis pilosis, corolle (fem. ?) tubo 4-gono, pilis nigris presertim ad angulos tecto, staminibus
8 [12], iisdem que lobis corolle alternant simplicibus longioribus, aliis brevioribus bicruris,
stylis 4, bifidis; baccd glabra, 8-loculart.
Java. Described by Zollinger from a drawing of Kuhl and van Hasselt No. 2b in the
Buitenzorg botanical garden.
159. Drosprros Kunin, Zoll. Obs. Bot. Nov. p. 15. n. 1 in Natuurk. Tydschr. Neerl. Ind.
Vol. xiv. (1857).
D. foliis oblongis, utrinque acuminatis, integris ; floribus lateralibus axillaribus, pedicellis
calycem cequantibus, staminibus 8 [12] alternatim bicruris (antheris interioribus brevioribus)
aliis sinuplicibus, stylis 2 bifidis, baccd pilosd.
Java. Described by Zollinger from a drawing of Kuhl and van Hasselt No. 3 in the
Buitenzorg botanical garden,
Vou. Xil. Parr I, 34
266 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
160. Drospyros PENDULIFLORA, Zoll. Obs. Bot. Nov. p. 15.n.2 in Natuurk. Tydschr. Neerl.
Ind. Vol. xrv. (1857).
D. foliis oblongis, utrinque acutis, acuminatis; floribus masculis lateralibus pendulis, pe-
dunculo bifido, pedicellis flores cequantibus, calyce nigro-piloso 4-lobo, corolla apertd, staminibus
8 [circiter 202], filamentis brevibus pilosis, alternatum 2- vel 3-cruris ; floribus femineis solitarns
pendulis, corolle lobis erectis, staminibus 12 sterilibus, baccd pilosd 5—8-loculari.
Java. Described by Zollinger from a drawing of Kuhl and van Hasselt No. 2 a in the
Buitenzorg botanical garden.
161. Drospyros (?) cystopus, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1. pp. 250, 584 (1860).
D. ramulis teretibus presertim superne cum petiolis foliisque subtus maxime secus nervos
rufo-pubescentibus, glabrescentibus, foliis alternis, oblongis, apice caudato-acuminatis, bast ro-
iundatis, tenuiter subcoriaceis, supra glabris, subtus costulis patentibus utrinque 18—12 te-
nuibus venulosis pertensis, in sicco glauco-fuscescentibus.
Young parts rufous-hispid ; branches terete. Leaves alternate, oblong, caudate-acuminate
at apex, rounded at base, thinly sub-coriaceous, glabrous above, rufous-hispidulous beneath
especially on the raised midrib and lateral ves; about 9in. long by 2}—3 in. wide; petioles
lin. long, channelled; lateral veins about 15 on each side, inconspicuous above, slender
and more conspicuous beneath ; midrib much raised beneath, tapering towards the apex.
Flowers and fruit unknown, and therefore the plant is of uncertain position.
Sumatra; Lampong, near Kebang, Tezsmann/ Local name Daréhan-darehan.
162. Drospyros PYRRHOCARPA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1. pp. 250, 583 (1860).
D. ramulis novellis cum petiolis costdque subtus pubescentibus glabrescentibus; foliis e
basi rotundatd usque acutiusculd elliptico-oblongis plerisque breviter obtuso-acuminatis, coriaceis,
glabris, supra secus costam canaliculatis, subtus pallidis costulis 9—7 tenwibus arcuato-patulis
a margine leviter incurvo distanter unitis, dense tenereque reticulatis; floribus secus ramulos
inferne lateralisus solitartis brevi-pedunculatis, cum calyce 4—5-partito (lobis acuminatis coriaceis)
utrinque rufo-tomentosis ; baccis cerasi majoris mole depresso-globosis, calyce adaucto reflexo
(lobis antice convewis) suffultis rufo-ochrascenti-tomentosis.
West Sumatra, in province Priaman, Diepenhorst ; Malay name Hampadoe-Kajoe.
163. DiIospyroS PLATYPHYLLA, Welw. MSS.
D. arborea, laxe ramosa, apice foliosa, foliis alternis, ellipticis rotundis vel obovatis, apice
obtusis, basi rotundatis swpe inequalibus, valde coriaceis, supra glabrescentibus nitidis, subtus
tomentosis reticulatis, breviter petiolatis; fructibus edulibus.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZD. 267
A moderate-sized tree, with lax tortuous dark-cinereous branches leafy and angular at the
apex. Leaves alternate, elliptical rotund or obovate, rounded or obtuse at apex, rounded
and often unequal at base, very coriaceous, glabrescent and shining above, more or less
tomentose beneath, reticulated but inconspicuously so above, 3—6in. long by 141—34in. wide ;
petioles }—1 in. long. Flowers monstrous in the specimen, the inflorescence consisting entirely
of densely imbricated ferruginous-tomentose foliaceous scales.
W. Tropical Africa, Angola, Pungo Andongo, in sandy woods from Calunda to Condo, fruit
said to be edible, Dr Welwitsch! no. 2531; native name Musolveira, the same as that of
Diospyros mespiliformis, Hochst, of which it may very possibly prove to be an aberrant form.
164. DIospyROS PLATYCALYX, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, obovato-oblongis, apice rotundatis, basi cuneatis, coriaceis, utrinque pu-
berulis vel glabrescentibus, petiolatis ; fructibus solitarius, subglobosis, glaberrimis, apice umbili-
catis, nitidis, 10 (?)-locularibus, breviter pedunculatis ; calyce fructifero profunde 5—6-lobo, plicato,
aucto, lobis late ovatis, cordatis, auriculatis ; seminibus conpressis, albumune non ruminato.
Tree of 20 feet; young shoots with short patent whitish tomentum; branches glabrescent,
terete, palish. Leaves obovate-oblong, alternate, coriaceous, undulated, rounded at apex, cuneate
at base, brown, shining, with slight veins, puberulous or glabrescent on both sides, of nearly
the same colour on both sides, 2—3in. long by }—1lin. wide; petioles puberulous, }—4 in.
long ; midrib slightly depressed on upper surface. Fruit solitary, in axils of fallen leaves, on
shoots of previous season, 7% in. long (besides the calyx) by in. thick, subglobose, quite glabrous,
umbilicate at apex, 10 (?)-celled, with cells 1-seeded, shining, paler than leaves and calyx.
Fruiting peduncle stout, with wide convex articulation, ;4—+ in. long, glabrate. Fruiting calyx
2in. deep by 14in. wide, concealing half the fruit, nearly glabrous, deeply 5—6-lobed ; lobes
widely ovate, acute, cordate, much auricled at base, firmly membranous, with sides of lobes
reflexed, folding with contiguous lobes and forming 5 dependent spurs the points of which
are tin. below the level of the articulation of the fruit; seeds compressed, fin. long or
more, albumen not ruminated.
Seychelles Islands, Pervillé! 640.
165. DIOSPYROS LEUCOCALYX, sp. nov.
D. fruticosa, glabra, foliis alternis, oblongis, apice obtuse acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel
subcordatis, costd et nervis lateralibus subtus validis, petiolis validis tumido-crassis; calyce
fructifero 4-partito, intus albido-pruinoso, lato, lobis late cordatis, acuminatis, foliaceis.
A small shrub, glabrous, dark green but shining. Leaves alternate, subcoriaceous, oblong,
obtusely acuminate at apex, rounded or subcordate at base, 1 foot long by 5 inches wide ;
midrib and lateral veins strong beneath; petioles more than }in. long, strong, dark, tumid-
crass. Fruiting calyx 4-partite, white-pruinose within, 2in. high by 3in. or more wide,
erect-patent ; lobes widely cordate, ovate, acuminate at apex, foliaceous.
Madagascar, Ambanivoule, Goudot! A.D. 1838.
34—2
268 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
166. Diospyros BERNIERI, sp. nov.
D. foliis alternis, ovali-lanceolatis, apice subacwminatis, basi angustatis, coriaceis, glabris,
breviter petiolatis, nervis inconspicuis; fructibus solitariis, appresse hirsutis, breviter pedun-
culatis ; calyce fructifero utrinque pubescente, 4-fido, tubo concavo, tetragono, incrassato, lobis
reflexis, undulatis, late ovatis.
Glabrous except the inflorescence; branches pale, terete. Leaves alternate, dark above,
oval-lanceolate, somewhat narrowed at base, obtusely or sometimes acutely sub-acuminate at
apex, coriaceous, veins indistinct, reddish brown beneath; midrib depressed above, blackish
beneath ; 2—3}in. long by }—1in. wide; petiole in. long, black in the dry state.
Fruiting peduncles very thick, }in. long and as thick, pubescent, solitary ; fruiting calyx
tin. high by nearly 2in. across, pubescent on both sides, 4-fid; tube concave, 4sided,
thickened; lobes reflexed, wavy, widely ovate. Fruit ferruginous, shortly and appressedly
hairy.
Madagascar, common in the forests of Tintingue; vernacular name Voane Silac, Bernier !
113.
Foliage of D. levis, Bojer.
167. DIOSPYROS PRUINOSA, sp. nov.
D. bracteis exceptis glaberrima, folirs alternis, ovato-ovalibus, utrinque obtusis, viz coriaceis,
brevissime petiolatis, nervis inconspicuis; floribus masculis axillaribus, brevissime cymosis ;
fructibus solitariis, axillaribus, 8-locularibus, breviter pedunculatis, bracteatis, subglobosis, cum
calyce 4—5-fido plicato patente aucto violaceo-pruiosis.
Quite glabrous except the small shortly and slightly ciliated bracts; branches pale brown,
terete. Leaves alternate, ovate-oval, more or less obtuse at both ends, submembranous or sub-
coriaceous, of a rich brown colour when dry, rather paler beneath, 1—24in. long by 4—1} in.
wide; petioles ;4,— ,;1n. long; veins indistinct, spreading; midrib flat above, darker beneath.
g. Cymes axillary, 3—8-flowered, fin. long, dark.
@. Fruit solitary, axillary on the young branches, shortly globose, }in. thick by 3 in.
high, 8-celled, several-seeded, as well as the calyx violaceo-pruinose; peduncles dark i—} in.
long; bracts several, ovate, about ;4,in. long; calyx plicate-patent, lin. in diameter, 4—5-
(usually 4-)fid, undulated; lobes widely ovate cordate, apiculate or mucronate at apex.
Madagascar, Ste Marie, Boivin! 2538; Port Leven, Vesco! 1850.
168. Diospyros cUNEIFOLIA, Hb. Delessert.
D. foliis alternis, obovatis, apice rotundatis, basi cuneatis, breviter hispidis, subsessilibus,
confertis ; fructibus solitarvis, subglobosis, pilis brevibus hispidis aspersis, pedunculatis ; calyce
fructifero pubescente, 5(—6%)-partito, lobis oblongis, patentibus.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ. 269
Shoots puberulous, glabrescent. Leaves alternate, obovate, subsessile, crowded, rounded
at apex, cuneate at base, shortly hispid, }—1} in. long by about }in. wide.
@. Fruiting peduncle axillary, solitary, ferruginous-hispid, 4in. long; fruiting calyx
5-(or 6-?)partite, pubescent; lobes oblong, spreading, 3 in. long by 4} in. wide; fruit
solitary, somewhat depressedly globose, dark, covered with scattered pale short hispid hairs,
about tin. long.
Mexico, Pavon in Hb. Delessert!
169. DIospyRos APEIBACARPOS, Raddi, Quarante nuove del Brasile, in Atti Soe.
Modena, Vol. xvull. p. 12. n. 10 (1820),
D. foliis alternis, lanceolatis, acutis, supra glabris, subtus villoso-sericeis, brevissime
petiolatis ; baccis depressis, papillis adspersis et setis crebris, subdecaspermis ; calyce 5-lobo.
Alph. DC. Prodr. vim. p. 239. n. 96 (1844), Mart. Fl. Bras. vi. p. 8 (1856) excl. syn.
A tree of about 30 feet high, with not very thick trunk, very slightly branched; the
young branches rather setose at the extremity. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, elongated at
the apex, entire, smooth above, scattered with yellowish hairs beneath which are closer
along the midrib and round the margin. Calyx 5-lobed. Fruit depressed, scattered with
papilla and short setule almost like the hairs with which the petioles of the leaves are
covered, size and shape of the Apeiba of Aublet, 1—2 in. thick, S—10-seeded.
Brazil, Estrella Mountains, Raddi, fruits in April; Minas, San Francisco River, in
woods, Martius; near Borba by River Madeira, Riedel.
Martius in Fl. Bras. vil. (Eben.) p. 8 states that this plant is the same as D. sericea,
Alph. DC.; but the fruit appears to be different.
170. Diosprros(?) XYLOPIOIDES, Mart. in Fl. Bras. vu. p. 8. n. 4 (1856).
D. ramulis subdistichis fulvo- et apices versus albido-sericeis ; foliis subcoriaceis lanceolatis
acuminatis basi acutis (20—36"" long., 3—5" lat.) supra glabris, subtus sericeis pilis ap-
pressis flexuosis albis, in nervo margine petioloque fulvulis; floribus aaillaribus geminis
ternisve bractersque fulvo-sericeis.
Arborea. Rami cortice tenui deductili, qualis in multis Diospyris obtinet. Ramuli
presertim in extremitatibus dense albo- aut fulvulo-sericei. Folia, tam figura quam dispo-
sitione et compage ea Aylopiae frutescentis et nonnullarum affinium assimilantia, supra
saturate viridia nervo impresso, subtus pilis mollibus appressis in margine et nervo fre-
quentioribus, venis vix conspicuis.
Flower-bud sessile, narrowly campanulate, }in. long; calyx trifid or tripartite, glabrous
inside, lobes ovate-lanceolate; corolla not exceeding the calyx, silky outside, puberulous
inside, tripartite or tripetalous, valvate; stamens 3, erect, with hairy lines, filaments short;
ovary rudimentary.
270 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE:.
S. America. Guiana, in woods (Martius !).
Scarcely a true Diospyros and nearer to Maba, but probably neither, and perhaps the
type of a new genus. The foliage is exceedingly like that of Maba sericea.
EXCLUDED AND NOMINAL SPECIES OF DIOSPYROS.
Diospyros acapulcensis, Kunth = Maba acapulcensis.
Diospyros acuminata, Wall. List, n. 4129 (1828—32). Cfr. Laurine.
Diospyros albens, Pres] = Maba albens.
Diospyros ambigua, Vent. non Sap.,= Royena ambigua, Vent.
Diospyros Berterii, Alph. DC.= Maba inconstans, Griseb.
Diospyros cauliflora, Mart. in Fl. Bras. vit. p. 7 (1856), non Blume, = Maba caulilora.
Diospyros cerasifolia, D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 144 (1825) = Hurya symplocina, Blume.
Diospyros conduplicata, Kunth = Maba inconstans, Griseb.
Diospyros cupulosa, F. Muell. = Maba rufa, Labill.
Diospyros fasciculosa, F. Muell. = Maba fasciculosa, F. Muell.
Diospyros feminina, Hamilt. ex Alph. DC. Prodr. vit. p. 238. n. 83 (1844), = Zurya
symplocina, Blume.
Diospyros frondosa, Wall. List, n. 4125 (1828—32) = Bocagea elliptica, Hook. fil. et
Thoms.
Diospyros geminata, F. Muell.= Maba geminata, R. Br.
Diospyros grandifolia, Wall. ex Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Caleutt. p. 345 (1845). Mame
only.
Diospyros hewasperma, Hasselt = Maba elliptica, Forst.
Diospyros hirsuta, Desf. non Linn. fil, = Royena hirsuta, Linn,
Diospyros humilis, F. Muell. = Maba humilis, R. Br.
Diospyros inconstans, Jacq.= Maba inconstans, Griseb.
Diospyros lanceolata, Poir., non Wall., = Maba lanceolata.
Diospyros lycioides, Desf. = Royena pallens, Thunb.
Diospyros microcarpa, Span. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. p. 348 (name only, 1835),
non Sieb.
Diospyros myrmecocarpus, Mart.= Maba myrmecocarpa.
Diospyros oblonga, G. Don, Gen. Syst. Gard. Iv. p. 40 (1837) =? D. venosa, Wall.
Diospyros obovata, Wight, Icon. t. 1226 (1850), non Jacq., = Sapotacea.
Diospyros obtusifolia, Bert., non Humb. et Bonpl., = Maba inconstans, Griseb.
Diospyros psidioides, Kunth = Maba inconstans, Griseb.
Diospyros pubescens, Pers., non Pursh, = Royena hirsuta, Linn.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA. 271
Diospyros punctata, Korth., non Decaisne, = Maba punctata.
Diospyros salicifolia, Humb. et Bonpl.= Maba salicifolia.
Diospyros sericea, Alph. DC. = Maba sericea.
Diospyros sericocarpa, F. Muell. = Maba rufa, Labill.
Diospyros serrata, Hamilt. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 148 (1825) = Ewrya acumi-
nata, DC.
MMNospyros venosa, Wall. List, n. 4126 (1828—382) =? Anonacea.
Diospyros virginica duleis = Carpodinus edulis, Don. Cfr. Alph. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 329
(1844).
Diospyros (sp.), Salt! Voyage to Abyssinia, p. 14 (1814) = Zuclea multiflora, var.
V. TETRACLIS, gen. nov.
&. Flores dioect. Flores cymost, tetrameri, subglobosi. Calyx depresso-globosus ; lobis
brevibus depresso-deltoideis, prefloratione valvatis. Corolla carnosa, 4-fida, extus puberula,
intus hirsuta; lobis prejloratione valvatis. Stamina circiter 30, pleraque geminata, prope
corolle basim inserta ; filamentis brevibus compressis pubescentibus ; antheris hispidulis oblongis
liberis, lateraliter bilocularibus ; pollen globosum, leve. Ovarit rudimentum nullum.
¢. Bractee caduce. Fructus superus, solitarius, pedunculatus, subglobosus, subtomen-
tosus, ferrugineus, carnosus, 8 (?)-locularis et -spermus; pericarpio crasso. Calyx profunde
4-lobus, accrescens, appressus, semina pendula oblonga, testa non nitidd,
Arbor madagascariensis; foliis coriaceis alternis simplicibus integerrimis exstipulatis ;
floribus axillaribus, apice 4 lineis cruciatis preefloratione notatis.
1. TETRACLIS CLUSLEFOLIA, sp. nov.
T. foliis oblongis vel obovato-oblongis, apice rotundatis, emarginatis vel breviter acumi-
natis, obtusis, bast cuneatis, subglabris, coriaceis, petiolatis, nervis tenuibus, crebris.
Puiate XI. A fruiting branch, natural size. a. A male inflorescence, natural size.
b. A male flower, magnified 4 diameters. c. The same after the removal of the calyx,
magnified 4 diameters. d. A vertical section of a male flower, magnified 6 diameters.
e. A transverse section of male flower, magnified 5 diameters.
A large tree with young parts puberulous; branches dark, somewhat angular, gla-
brescent, remotely rugose-verrucose. Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, rounded emarginate or
shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, with recurved margins, subglabrous, yellowish
green and shining on both sides; midrib depressed above; lateral veins close, widely
spreading, very feeble, and in relief on both sides of the leaf; [the lateral veins on
272 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
the lower side of the leaves are too distinctly rendered by the lithographer in Plate XI];
5—10in. long (besides channelled petioles 3—lin. long) by 1{—38in. wide.
g. Cymes on young branches, shortly subferruginous-pubescent, bearmg 38—10
flowers, 3—Zin. long (not including the flowers); common peduncle }—}in. long; pedicels
—+} in. long; flowers 1—}in. in diameter, pubescent. Calyx nearly as high as the
corolla, 4-lobed at apex, at base somewhat 4-sided outside. Corolla puberulous outside,
hirsute or hispidulous inside. Stamens 30 (in one flower), mostly united by their
filaments in pairs; anthers hispidulous, filaments hairy inserted near the base of the
corolla; pollen globular, smooth, about 7},in. in diameter. Ovary wanting.
2. Fruit (unripe?) solitary, }—{in. high, by 1—1}im. thick, crowned at apex by
remains of 4-partite style; fruiting peduncles }—}in. long, thickened upwards, puberulous;
fruiting calyx 4-sided, softly hairy on both sides; lobes widely ovate, acute, somewhat
cordate and pouting at base, reaching half the height of the fruit, thickly coriaceous.
Madagascar, Richard! 388, Nossi-bé; Pervillé! 6.
Fosstn EBENACES.
About 60 specific names of this family relating to fossils have been published; the
first was published by Dr Alexander Braun, about 25 years ago, and the last by Prof. W.
Ph. Schimper, in the present year (1872). All these fossils occur in Tertiary strata, with the
exception of one, namely Diospyros primeva Heer from the beds of Nebraska in North America,
which beds have been recently referred to the Cretaceous period, though they were formerly
supposed from the facies of the contained flora to be Tertiary. The majority of the species
have been founded on leaves alone; and the venation of these no doubt accords more or
less closely with that of those species of Ebenacex, such as Diospyros Lotus, Royena hirsuta,
Euclea lanceolata, &c., which fossil botanists seem to regard as the types of their respective
genera. There is in fact much variety of venation amongst the recent species of the family;
and with respect to recent plants it is quite impossible to assign to the family, with even
a moderate amount of certainty, a given leaf of an unknown genus. A few of the
fossil species have been described from the calyx fruit or seed, with or without leaves;
and the best of these specimens, such as those which have been named Diospyros brachy-
sepala, and Euclea relicta, present fair evidence of belonging to the structure of Ebenacex,
while even in these instances the genus cannot be properly fixed, and other families
are not absolutely excluded. With regard to many of the fossil species, the utmost
inference founded on reasonable grounds which can be deduced, is a favourable suggestion
of Ebenacee for the family to which the specimens may probably belong; and with regard
to other specimens of the published species, it appears to me that Ebenacee is not a
probable family for them. It would be much the better plan to refer all fossils, which
have nearest affinities to Ebenacex, to a fossil genus ZHbenacites, as was done in the first
instance by Saporta, but subsequently relinquished by him in favour of Diospyros. On the
whole then, as I place but little confidence in the determination of the fossils, I wish in
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 273
no way to confirm them in their present places; but since they have been published as
Ebenaceous, I quote them as they stand, with the addition, in some cases, of additional
particulars and remarks; I have added the synonymy in accordance with the views of the
principal authorities in fossil botany, and have drawn up artificial keys for the genera,
and also for the species in each genus, in order to set forth the distinctive characters
of the genera and species, so far as their published descriptions allow, and to found a
basis for their systematic arrangement.
Key To THE Fossi, GENERA,
Leaves small, not exceeding lin. long, midrib alone robust. L Royena.
Leaves exceeding 1in. long; lateral veins more or less clearly marked.
Calyx 4—5-merous.
Leaves narrowly elliptical, 3—4 in. long, narrowed at both ends, Il. Huciea.
Leaves ovate lanceolate oval or oblong or exceeding 4in. long. III. Diospyros.
Calyx 3-merous. TV. MAcREIGHTIA.
Diospyros heringiana, Ettingsh. has narrowly elliptical leaves 2—3}in. long, but it
was published previously to the reference of any fossil to the genus Luclea. Fossils
with a trimerous calyx, especially if the foliage is Ebenaceous, have been referred by
authors to Macreightia, a genus which I have merged in the older genus Maba; if
then they still merit reference to a recent Ebenaceous genus, they must all be included
under the genus Maba.
I. Key To THE FossiL Species OF ROYENA.
Leaves linear, }in. broad. 1. BR. Myosotis.
am oblanceolate or wider, +—}in. broad.
Leaves oblanceolate or oblong, lin. long.
Leaves oblanceolate. By eR. greca.
Leaves oblong. 3. &. Amalthee.
Leaves oval or round, }—in. long.
Leaves cuneate-orbicular. 4. R. euboea.
Leaves oval. : 5. Rk. Pentelict.
Vou. XII. Part I. 35
274 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
1. Royena Myosotis, Ung. Foss. Fl. Eub. in Denkschrift. Kais. Akad. Wissensch. Math.-
Naturw. Xxvil. p. 69. t. xIv. fig. 5—8 (1867).
R. foliis lineari-lanceolatis minimis in petiolum brevem attenuatis integris coriaceis,
nervo medio solo distincto; calyce quinquelobo quatuor lineas lato, laciniis mequalibus
rotundatis.
Diospyros Myosotis, Ung. Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss. p. 436 (1850), Syll. Pl. Foss. m1. p. 28.
t. x. f. 13, 15, (1866); Schimp. Pal. Vég. m. p. 952 (1872); Web. Paleontogr. 1. p. 190.
t, XIV. fbb) non! fe 5)ae
In Miocene formations, Kumi, Negropont; Eocene, in marly schist, Radoboj, Croatia.
Leaves }—1 in. long by jin. wide. Calyx jim. in diameter. Cfr. Porana. According
to Prof. Schimper, Unger has comprised several different plants under this species, and
Ettingshausen in Sitzungsber. Math—Naturw. Akad. Wissensch. Xxxvitl. p. 492 (1858),
has shewn that the leaf which Unger described and figured for this species in Foss. FI. v.
Sotzka, p. 172. t. 43. f. 15 (1851), is a leaflet of Cassia phaseolites, while he thinks that
Unger's fig. 16 may be a calyx of Celastrus.
2. ROYENA GR&CA, Ung. Foss. Fl. Eub. in Denkschrift. Kais. Akad. Wissensch. Math.-
Naturw. XXvul. p. 68. t. XI. fig. 40—51 (1867).
R. foliis lanceolato-lingulatis breviter petiolatis integerrimis coriaceis, nervo primario
valido, nervis secundariis tenuissimis transversissimis ramosissimis; calyce firmo patente
semiquinquefido deciduo, laciniis inequalibus ovato-acuminatis extus striatis 8-millim. longis,
margine parum involutis ; drupd siced quadriloculari.
Diospyros greca, Saporta in Bull. Soc. Géol, France, xxv. p. 321 (1868).
Schimp. Pal. Vég. u p. 954 n. 1 (1872).
In Miocene formations at Kumi, Negropont.
Leaves lin. long by ;23,;in. wide, oblong, obtuse, cuneate at base; petiole very short.
3. Royena AMALTHES, Ung. Foss. Fl. Eub. in Denkschrift. Kais. Akad. Wissensch. Math.-
Naturw. XXVIL p. 69. t. xiv. f. 1 (1867).
R. foliis ovato-lanceolatis minimis obtusis in petiolum attenuatis integerrimis coriaceis,
nervis secundariis crebris tenuibus ramosis reticulatim conjunctis.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. 1. p. 955. n. 2 (1872).
In Miocene formations at Kumi, Negropont.
Leaves oblanceolate about lin. long by }in. wide. Cfr. R. greca, Ung.
4, ROYENA EUBOEA, Ung. Foss. Eub. in Denkschr. Kais. Akad. Wissensch. Math.-
Naturw. Vol. xxvu. p. 69. tab. xiv. fig. 2—4 (1867).
R. foliis minimis petiolatis cuneato-orbicularibus coriaceis integerrimis nervo primario
valido, nervis secundariis inconspicuis.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. 1. p. 955. n. 3 (1872).
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ, 275
In Miocene formations at Kumi in Negropont.
Leaves 1—}in. long by 1—} in. wide; petioles 4;—75 in. long. Of quite uncertain family.
5. RoyENA Penrecict, Ung. Foss. Fl. Eub. in Denkschr. Kais. Akad. Wissensch. Math.-
Naturw. Vol. xxvu. p. 70. t. xiv. f. 9 (1867).
R. foliis minimis ovato-ellipticis petiolatis integerrimis coriaceis, nervis secundaris sub-
simplicibus fere inconspicuis.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. m. p. 955. n. 4 (1872).
In Miocene formations at Kumi in Negropont.
Leaf 3in. long by }in. wide; petiole ~,in. long. Not unlike a short leaf of 2. glabra
16
L., but placed in this genus on insufficient evidence.
Ii. Key to THE Fossi. SPECIES OF EUCLEA.
Leaves petiolate.
Leaf 3in. long, acuminate at both ends. 1. £E. miocenica.
Leaf 4 in. long, narrowed at both ends, not acuminate. 2. E, Apollinis.
Leaf sessile. 3. LE. relicta.
1. Evuciea miocenica, Ung. Syll. Pl. Foss. 11. p. 25. t. vu. fig. 8, 8* (1866).
E. foliis lanceolatis utrinque acuminatis petiolat’s integerrimis coriacets, nervo primario
valido, nervis secundartis flecuosis ramosis rete nervorum tertiariorum laxo inter se conjunctis.
Heer Mioc. Balt. Fl. p. 84 t. xxvii fig. 3—8 (1869); Schimp. Pal. Vég. m1 p. 956.
n, 1 (1872).
In marly schist, Croatia, Unger; Rixhéft, Samland, W. Prussia.
Leaf 3in. long by Sin. wide; petiole ;3,in. long. Genus and family quite uncertain.
2. Euctra APOLLINiIs, Ung. Syll. Pl. Foss. m1. p. 26. t. vu. fig. 10, 10* (1866).
E. foliis lanceolatis breviter petiolatis integerrimis coriaceis, nervo primario valido, nervis
secundariis crebris flexuosis ramosisque rete nervorum tertiariorum laxo inter se conjunctis.
Rhododendron Apollinis, Ettingsh. ex Ung. lc.
In marly schist, Eocene; Radoboj, Croatia, Unger.
Leaf 4 in. long by Sin. wide; petiole scarcely in. long, narrowed at both ends. Leaf
very like EZ. miocenica Ung. but rather larger. Prof. Schimper unites this with E. miocenica.
3. Evciea rexicra, Ung. Foss. Fl. Eub. in Denkschr. Kais. Wissensch, Math.-Naturw.
Vol. xxvul. p. 68. t. x1 f. 39 (1867).
E. foliis lanceolatis utringue attenuatis sessilibus integerrimis coriacets, nervo primario
valido, nervis secundartis angulo subrecto exorientibus flexuosis ramosissimis in retem nervorum
tertiariorum laxum divisis.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. 11 p. 956. n. 2 (1872).
In Miocene formations at Kumi in Negropont.
Leaf 3tin. long by -8;in. wide, narrowed at both ends; of quite uncertain family.
35—2
276
|
|
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE,
Ill. Key To THE Fossit SpEcIES oF DIOSPYROS.
The species whose leaves have been described may be arranged as follows.
| Leaves acute or subacute at apex (sometimes obtuse in D. brachysepala).
Leaves more or less narrowed at base, or if sometimes rounded at base then acuminate at apex.
Petioles short, not exceeding } in. in length.
| Leaves reticulated, secondary veins manifest, branched.
| Leaves membranous, often unequal at the base. 1. D. anceps.
| Leaves coriaceous, equal at the base.
| Leaves 24—3 in. long, ovate. 2. D. vetusta.
Leaves about 6 in. long, oval-oblong. 3. D. Loveni.
Secondary veins simple or subsimple, manifest.
| Leaves about 6 in. long. 4. D. Wodant.
| Leaves about 7 in. long. 5. D. Lignitum.
Secondary veins obsolete. 6. D. Weberit.
| Petioles long.
Lateral veins rather distant.
Tertiary veins transverse. 7. D. alaskana.
Tertiary oblique or in various directions.
Midrib very stout; net-veins subobsolete. 8. D. incerta.
Midrib moderate ; leaves reticulated.
| Calyx 4-fid, with widely ovate or rounded lobes. 9. D. brachysepala.
| Calyx 5-partite, with linear lobes. 10. D. paradisiaca.
Lateral veins crowded, 11. D. lotoides.
Leaves obtuse or subobtuse (sometimes acute in D. varians).
Leaves lanceolate or ovate.
| Secondary veins serpentine. 12. D. primeva.
Secondary veins not serpentine, subremote.
| Leaves about 34—43 in. long, membranous. 13. D. Auricula.
| Leaves about 2 in. long, subcoriaceous. 14. D. dubia.
leat veins numerous, not serpentine.
| Leaves 41—11 in. wide.
| | Tertiary veins reticulated. 15. D. varians.
| Tertiary veins less ramified. 16. D. obscura.
Leaves 1{ in. wide. 17. D. paleogea.
Leaves oval or elliptical.
Leaves 24—3} in. long.
| Leaves ;3,—,%, in. wide. 18. D. heringiana.
Leaves 14 in. wide. 19. D. pannonica.
Leaves 1} in. long by § in. wide 20. D. Royena.
Leaves rounded, not cordate at base, subobtuse, not rounded at apex.
| Calyx 4-partite with oblong lobes; leaves oval, subcoriaceous. 21. D. stenosepala.
Calyx deeply 4-fid, with widely elliptical lobes; leaves oval-oblong,
coriaceous 22. D. bilinica.
Leaves rounded at both ends, not cordate 23. D. oblongifolia.
Leaves cordate at base. 24. D. Parthenon:
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEAS. 277
25. D. obliqua with linear lobes, and 26. Hbenacites rugosus with wider lobes, are known
only from the calyx; and 27. D. Zollikofert is described from a cluster of seeds only.
1. Drospyros anceps, Heer, Fl. Tert. Helvet. m1. p. 12. t. cr. fig. 15—18 (1859).
D. foliis ovato-ellipticis, apice acwminatis, bast obtusis, membranaceis, hic illic incequilateris,
integerrimis, petiolatis, nervis secundariis remotiusculis, sub angulo sat aperto egredientibus,
curvatis, ramosis, ipsis et ramis arcuato-conjunctis, rete laxo.
Gaudin et Strozzi Mém. Foss. Tose. 1 p. 51. n. 48. t. vit. f. 6 (1859); Heer, Mioe.
Balt. Flora, p. 84 t. xxv. fig. 7—9 (1869); Schimper, Pal. Vég. m. p. 948. n. 12 (1872).
Miocene; Germany and Tuscany.
Leaves acute or subacute, 1}—3}$ in. long by §—1? in. wide; petioles }—+ in. long.
2. Drospyros veTusTA, Giebel, Fl. Sachs. Thiirmg. Braunkohl. in Zeitschr. xvi. p. 57 (1860).
D. foliis alternis, ovato-ellipticis, apice acutis vel acuminatis, bast angustatis, coriaceis,
nervis secundartis subtilissimis, areis reticulatis; fructu globoso, 5-angulato, 5-spermo; calyce
fructifero patente, 5-fido, lobis rotundatis.
Heer, Sichs.—Thiiring. Braunk. p. 10 [416]. n. 24. t. viz. f. 1—6 (1861). Schimp. Pal.
Vég. 1. p. 946. n. 6 (1872).
Eocene; Lignites of the Ligurian strata of Skopau in Thiiringe, Saxony.
Leaves 21—3 in. long by ;%—1} in. wide; petiole about 3, in. long; calyx {in. in
diameter; fruit 2 in. in diameter.
3. Drospyros Lovent, Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct. p. 118. t. vil. fig. 7 0, ¢, 8, t. xLVII. fig. 8 (1868).
D. foliis firms, coriaceis, integerrimis, nervis secundariis remotis, sub angulo acuto
egredientibus, valde camptodromis, ramosis, areis argute reticulatis.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. 1 p. 949. n. 15 (1872).
Miocene; Atanekerdluk, North Greenland.
Leaves perhaps 6 in. long by 18 in. wide, areolate, elliptic-oblong.
4. Dtospyros Wopant, Ung. Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss. p. 435. n. 2 (1850).
D. foliis ovato-oblongis, apice acuminatis bast attenuatis petiolatis integerrimis membra-
naceis, nervo medio valido, nervis secundariis remotis subsimplicibus sursum arcuatis tenuibus ;
baccd globos@ exsuccd semipollicari, calyce quinquelobo deciduo patente, lacinus lanceolatis
obtusis striatis pollicaribus.
Ung. Syll. Pl. Foss., pug. iii, in Denkschrift. Kais. Akad. Wissensch. Math.-Naturw.
XXV. p. 27. t. Ix. fig. 10—12 (1866), Ettingsh. Beitr. z. Foss. Fl. v. Radoboj, p. 55, Schimp.
Pall Vég. um. p: 951. n. 22 (1872).
Plumeria Flos-saturni, Ung. Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss. p. 433 (1850); Syll Pl. Foss. mi.
p. 27. t. IX. fig. 10—12 (1866).
Anona macrophylla, Ung. Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss. p. 442. n. 3 (1850).
Eocene; in marly schist, Radeboj, Croatia.
Fruit 2 in. in diameter; calyx deeply 5-lobed, 18 in. in diameter, patent; lebes narrowly
278 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
elliptical, obtuse, striate, }—Z in. long by {—}in. wide. Leaves about 6 in. long. Of un-
certain family.
5. Drospyros Lignirum, Ung. Syll. Pl. Foss., pug. iii., in Denkschrift. Kais, Akad.
Wissensch. Math.-Naturw. xxv. p. 30. t. 1x. f. 9 (1866).
D. foliis ovato-oblongis utrinque attenuatis petiolatis integerrimis membranaceis, nervo
primario valido, nervis secundariis distantibus simplicibus ramosisque ; seminibus suborbiculart-
oblongis obtusis levibus compressis, chalazd parvd immersd.
Anona Lignitum, Ung. lc. pug. i. p. 25. t. x. fig. 1—7 (1861), Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss.
p. 441 (1850).
Miocene; lignite of Salzhausen in Wetterau and Frofajach in Styria.
Leaves 7 in. long by 1$in. wide; seeds Zin. long by in. broad. The seed is not
typical of the family. Not given by Schimper in his Traité de Paléontologie végétale among
the Ebenacez.
6. Drospyros WEBERII, Massal. Syll. Pl. Foss. Tert. Venit. p. 77 (1859).
D. foliis (2) ovatis acutis subpetiolatis integerrimis, nervo primario valido, nervis secundariis
nullis ; calyce quinquelobo deciduo minimo patente, laciniis apiculatis.
D. Myosotis, Web. Tert. Fl. Niederrhem. Braunkohl. in Dunker et Meyer, Beitr.
Naturgesch. Vorwelt, Vol. m1. p. 19. t. xiv. fig. 5 a (1852), non Ung.
In Tertiary formations, Italy, &c.
Calyx 4 in. in diameter. The leaves (at least) probably belong to Royena Myosotis, Ung.
7, DIOSPYROS ALASKANA, Schimp. Pal. Vég. 1. p. 949. n. 17 (1872).
D. foliis ellipticis utrinque acutis, subcoriaceis, nitidis, integerrimis, longe petiolatis, nervo
medio valido, nervis secundariis subtilibus (validis ex Lesq.), superioribus alternantibus,
inferioribus oppositis, omnibus valde curvatis camptodromis sub angulo acuto egredientibus,
areis nervulis transversis obsoletis ramosis reticulatis.
D. lancifolia, Lesquer. in Sill, Amer. Journ. ser. ii, vol. XXvII. p. 361. n. 13 (Maio,
1859); Heer, Foss. Pf. v. Van Couver u. Brit. Columb. p. 8 t. 1 f. 10—12, m f. 1—8;
Fl. Foss. Alaskana, p. 35. t. mr. f. 12 (1869); non Al. Br.
D. lanceolata, “Lesq.” ex Schimp. l.c., non Poir.
British Columbia and Neniltschik (Alaska); Billingham Bay, Washington Territory,
N. America.
Leaf 4in. long by 1} in. wide; petiole } in. long.
8. Diospyros tNcertTA, Massalongo, Synops. Fl. Foss. Senigall. p. 76. n. 187 (1858).
D. foliis ovato-lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis acuminatis petiolatis penninerviis integerrimis,
costd. validissimd, nervis secundariis rectiusculis, sub angulo 45—50° exorientibus subequi-
distantibus, subramosis, apice bifurcatis, arcuatim conjunctis, nervulis venisque subobsoletis.
Massal. Fl. Foss. Senigall. p. 295. t. XxvI—xxvil. fig. 6, 29 (1859).
Miocene ; Senigallia, Italy.
Leaves 4—44 in. long (including petiole 3—#, in. long) by 14 in. wide. The specific
name is more suitable than the generic.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEAD. 279
9. DIosPYROS BRACHYSEPALA, Al. Br. in Leonh. et Bronn, Neues Jahrb. fiir Mineral.
1845, p. 170.
D. foliis elliptico-oblongis, apice obtuse vel acute angustatis vel acuminatis, basi cuneatis
vel obtusis, subcoriaceis vel submembranaceis, integerrimis, petiolatis, penninerviis, nervis secun-
dariis alternantibus, remotiusculis, sub.angulo acuto vel recto egredientibus, eurvatis ramosis,
tpsis et ramis dorsalibus marginem versus arcuato-conjunctis, brochiodromis ; calyce quadrifido,
medio cicatrice annulart impressd notato, lobis brevibus, late ovatis vel rotundis, apiculatis ;
baccd exsuccd, semipollicari.
Ung. Bliitt. Swoszowice in Nat. Abh. Gesamm. t. xtv. f. 15 (1849); Heer, Miocene Baltische
Flora, p. 84. n. 65. t. xxv. fig. 1—6, t. xxvut. f. 1. (1869), Fl Tert. Helvet. mr. t. cr. fig.
1—14 (1859), Fl. Foss. Arct. p. 117. t. xv. £ 10—12, t. xvm. f. 5 h, 7, t. xivu. fig. 4B, c, d,
5—7 (1868), Braunk. Bornstidt in Abh. Nat. Halle, t. mm. fig. 7, 8 (1869), Phil. Trans. vol.
159. pt. IL p. 475. n. 48. t. L. f 13, t. Lv. f. 8 (1870); Sismonda, Pal. Piém. p. 55. t. XI.
f. 6, t. xvi. f. 5, t. xix. f. 3 (1865); Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. Bilin, in Denkschrift. Akad. Kais.
Wissensch. Math.-Naturw. Bd. xxvin. p. 232. t. xxxvul. f. 28, t. xxxrx. f. 1 (1868);
Schimp. Pal. Vég. 11. p. 949. n. 18 (1872).
Tetrapteris Harpyiarum, Ung. Foss. Fl. v. Sotzka, p. 46, t. xxrx. fig. 9 (1850), in Denkschr.
Bd. 11. t. L (1851).
Getonia petreweformis, Ung. Foss. Fl. v. Sotzka, t. xxxur. f. 2—4, in Denkschr. Bd. 1.
t. Liv. (G. petrewfolia ex Schimp. l.c.)
G. macroptera, Ung. Foss. Fl v. Sotzka, t. xxxiu. fig. 8, in Denkschr. Bd. m1. t. Liv.
G. truncata, Goepp. Tert. Fl. v. Schossnitz, p. 37. t. xxv. fig. 11 (1855).
D. lancifolia, A. Br. ex Bruckm. Fl. Oening. Foss. in Jahr. Ver. Nat. Wiirtemb. p. 232
(1850), non Lesgq.
D. langifolia, “ Al. Braun” ex Stizenb. Verst. Baden, p. 83 (1851).
Arbutus diospyrifolius, Massal. Lett. Scarab. p. 29. n. 203 in Ann. Sc. Nat. Bologn.
(1854); Fl. Foss. Senigall. p. 296. t. xxvI—xxvu. f, 3, t. xiv. f. 7 (1859).
D. longifolia, “Stiz.” ex Heer, Fl. Tert. Helvet. mi. p. 11 (1859), non Spruce.
D. latifolia, “ Al. Br.” ex Schimp. Pal. Vég. uo. p. 949 (1872).
Upper middle and lower Miocene formations; North Greenland, W. Prussia, France,
Switzerland, Italy.
Leaves 11—5 in. long by 3—24 in. wide; petioles ranging up to Zin. long. Calyx $—}in.
in diameter.
10. Drospyros PARADISIACA, Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. Bilin in Denkschrift. Akad. Wissensch.
Math.-Naturw. xxv. p. 234. t. xxxvull. fig. 29—31, 34 (1868).
D. foliis lanceolatis, utrinque angus'atis, basi acutis, integerrimis membranacers, petiolatis,
nervo primario distincto recto, nervis secundariis tenuibus, inferioribus sub angulo 45°, medits
et superioribus sub angulis obtustoribus, arcubus laqueorum maculis externis instructis, nervis
tertiariis tenuissime dictyodromis; baccd ovided, exsuccd ; calyce 5-partito, patente, deciduo,
lacintis linearibus obtusis, nervoso-striatis, via semipollicaribus.
280 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. 11 p. 946. n. 5 (1872).
Miocene; Tripoli de Kutschlin, Bohemia.
Leaf 3hin. long or more by ;%in. wide; petiole }in. long; calyx-lobes }—in. long
by + in. wide; fruit (?) 2in. long.
11. Drospyros LoTomsEs, Ung. Syll. Pl. Foss., pug. m1, in Denkschrift. Kais. Akad.
Wissensch. Math.-Naturw. xxv. p. 30. t. x. fig. 1—12 (1866).
D. foliis lanceolato-oblongis utrinque attenuatis longe-petiolatis, margine plus minus undulato,
integerrimis plurinervits, nervo primario valido, nervis secundartis crebris, sub angulo plus minus
acuto emissis, marginem versus arcu brevi conjunctis, apice se conjunctis, nervis tertiariis trans-
versalibus utplurimum obsoletis vel parum conspicuts, calyce minimo, 5-fido, patente, laciniis
rotundatis.
Ung. Foss. Fl, d. iilt. Braunk. d. Wetterau, p. 59 ; Schimp. Pal. Vég. 1. p. 951. n. 20 (1872).
Borraginites myosotiflorus, Ludw, Palwontogr. in Mey. Beitr. Naturg. Vorw. vill. p. 116
(1860).
Miocene; lignite at Wetterau, Germany.
Leaves 3—5hin. long by {—1$in. wide; petiole ,{—1}in. long. Apparently not Ebe-
naceous. Cfr. Juglans acuminata, Ludw. and J. ventricosa, Ludw.
.
12. Diospyros primava, Heer, Phyll. Crét. der Nebraska, p. 19. t. 1. fig. 6, 7.
D. foliis oblongo-ovalibus, apice obtusiusculis, integerrimis ; nervis secundartis serpentinis,
ramosis, camptodromis.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. m. p. 948. n. 14 (1872).
Upper cretaceous deposits (?) in Nebraska, N. America.
D. anceps of the Miocene of Europe and D. alaskana of the molasse of North America
greatly approach this species from Nebraska.
13. Drospyros AurticuLA, Ung. Gen. et Sp. PI. Foss. p. 436 (1850), Syll. Pl Foss. 111.
p. 26. t. rx. f. 1—4.
D. foliis ovatis utrinque attenuatis integerrimis membranaceis, nervo primario valida,
nervis secundariis subremotis, sub angulo acuto egredientibus, sursum repetito-arcuato-anasto-
mosatis, subarcuatis, apice ramosis; calyce quadrifido vel quinquefido deciduo patente, laciniis
subquadratis emarginatis basi callosis striatisque semipollicaribus.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. 11. p. 947. n. 10 (1872).
D. auriculata, Stiehler, Synops. Pflanz. Vorw. 1. 147 (1861), non Wight.
Eocene; Croatia, in marly schist at Radoboj.
Leaves somewhat narrowed at both ends, obtuse at apex, 38—4$in. long by 14—114} in.
wide; petiole ;§,—;%,in. long; calyx-lobes }in. long. The characters given agree with
Diospyros.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEA. 281
14. Driospyros nusra, Goeppert, Tert. Fl. Java, p. 47. t. xin. f. 72 (1854).
D. foliis ovatis subobtusis subcoriaceis integerrimis penninerviis, nervis secundariis alter-
nantibus subremotis sub angulo acuto 60° circa exorientibus adscendentibus curvatis ramosis,
ramulis ante marginem in maculas transeuntibus in rete solutis.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. 11. p. 947. n. 9 (1872), non Wight.
Pliocene ?; Pesawahan, Java, Junghuhn 353.
Leaf (estimated from a fragment) probably about 2 in. long by 1 in. wide. Family
quite conjectural.
15. DIOsPYROS VARIANS, Saporta in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. v. vol. 1. p. 111. t. Iv.
fig. 14, t. vi. fig. 4 (1865), vol. vim. p. 91. t. x. fig. 7, 8 (1867).
D. foliis lanceolatis ellipticis oblongo-lanceolatis vel ovatis, apice obtusis quandoque breviter
attenuatis, basi parum inequalibus, subcoriaceis, breviter petiolatis, integerrimis ; petiolo trans-
verse rugoso ; nervo primario valde expresso ; nervis secundariis tenuibus nwmerosis reticulatis ;
nervis tertiariis in rete flecuoso subtiliter venuloso coeuntibus.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. um. p. 944. n. 1 (1872).
Tertiary; S.E. France, frequent.
Leaves 2}in. long by }in. wide, 3}in. by I4in,, 341n. by 2 in.
16. Drospyros opscurA, Sap. Etud. mu. p. 283 in Ann. Se. Nat. ser. v. vol. Iv.
p. 188 (1865).
D. foliis lanceolatis, coriacets, breviter lateque petiolatis; nervo primario valido, secun-
dariis obliquis, secus marginem areolatis, inconspicuts.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. u. p. 947. n. 8 (1872).
Upper Tertiary; S.E. France, Armissan ; rare.
Only differs from D. varians by thicker and little longer petiole, by the more regularly
lanceolate leaves, and by the less ramified secondary ascending veins, which are united near
the margin by very obtuse curves.
17. Diospyros PALZOGHA, Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. Bilin in Denkschrift. Akad. Wissensch.
Math.-Naturw. XXvill. p. 233. t. xxxvill. f. 24—26, 32 (1868).
D. foliis ovalibus, obtuse acuminatis, basi angustatis, integerrimis, coriacets, petiolatis,
4—5 pollices longis, nervo primario distincto, nervis secundariis crebris, tenuibus, flecuosis,
ramosis ; baccd globosd, exsuccd, fere pollicari ; calyce jirmo, quinque-partito, patente, deciduo,
semipollicari, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis.
Schimper, Pal. Vég. vol. 11. p. 945. n. 4 (1872).
Miocene; Tripoli de Kutschlin, Bohemia.
Leaf 43 in. by 13in. wide; petiole in. long; calyx nearly fin. in diameter.
Wo, SOM, 1a Jk 86
282 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEAL.
18. DIOSPYROS H&RINGIANA, Ettingsh. Tert. Fl. Haring, p. 61. t. xx. f. 26,
toexxiiot. L851):
D. foliis lanceolatis vel elongato-lanceolatis, petiolatis, integerrimis, sub-coriaceis, utrinque
angustatis, petiolo rugoso; nervatione dictyodroma, nervo primario valido, nervis secundariis
tenuibus, sub angulo 60—80° orientibus, arcuatis, ramosis; calyce 4-fido, segmentis parum
productis, acutis.
Saporta in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iv. vol. xIx. p. 72. t. 1x. f. 1 (1863); Schimper, Pal.
Vég. u. p. 945. n. 2 (1872).
Tertiary ; in calcareous bituminous schist at Haring, Tyrol; marly beds, S.E. France.
Leaves 14—3} in. long by 4—;5in. wide, narrowly elliptical, obtuse at apex; calyx } in.
in diameter.
19. DrospyRos PANNONICA, Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. Wien, p. 19. t. mr. f. 8 (1851).
D. foliis ellipticis, bast angustioribus, integerrimis, petiolatis, nervis secundariis undulatis,
sub angulo 50—60° orientibus, apice ramosis et in rete abeuntibus, nervis reticulatis e nervo
primario sub angulo recto, e nervis secundartis sub angulo acuto egredientibus, ramosis.
Schimper doubtfully unites this to D. anceps, Heer.
Vienna, in marly schist.
Leaf 22 in. long by 14in. wide. Very like leaf of D. brachysepala, but apparently more
obtuse.
20. Diospyros Royvena, Ung. Syll. Pl. Foss., pug. ii., in Denkschrift. Kais. Akad.
Wissensch. Math.-Naturw. xxv. p. 29. t. 1x. fig. 18, 19 (1866).
D. foliis ovalibus breviter petiolatis integerrimis sesquipollicem longis, nervo primario
distincto, nervis secundariis crebris tenuibus ramosis ; calyce firmo quinquelobo patente deciduo
semipollicari, laciniis acuminatis.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. m1. p. 952 (1872).
In marly schist; Radoboj, Croatia.
Leaves 11in. long by 2in. wide; petiole -3;in. long. Calyx-lobes ;8;1n. long by in.
wide. Family quite uncertain.
21. Drospyros STENOSEPALA, Heer, Fl. Foss. Alaskana, p. 35. t. vill. fig. 7, 8 (1869).
D. foliis ovalibus, basi rotundatis, integerrimis, subcoriaceis ; calyce fructifero quadripartito,
lobis oblongis, apice rotundatis.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. u. p. 949. n. 16 (1872).
Miocene; English Bay, Alaska, N. America, Fwruhjelm.
The shape and size of the calyx correspond with those in D. brachysepala, but the
lobes are longer and narrower. Calyx 3 in. in diameter; leaves 1} in. wide.
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 283
22. Drospyros BILINICA, Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. Bilin, m1. p. 45, in Denkschrift. Akad.
Wissensch. Math.-Naturw. Xxvil. p. 233. tab. xxxrx. fig. 17, 18 (1868).
D. foliis coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, crassiuscule petiolatis, basi rotundatis, apice sub-
obtusis, integerrimis, nervo primario basi valido, apicem versus sensim angustato, nervis
secundarwis sub angulis acutis orientibus, tenuissimis, subremotis, nervis tertiariis obsoletis ;
calyce profunde quadrifido, deciduo, patente, minimo, laciniis ovalibus, longitudinaliter nervoso-
striatis, basi coarctatis.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. u. p. 947. n. 10 (1872).
D. bohemica, Schimp. l.c. p. 945. n. 3.
Miocene; menilite-opal of the valley of Schichow near Bilin, Bohemia.
Leaf 43 in. long by 1$in. wide; petiole in. long. Calyx }—%in. in diameter, lobes
rounded. The leaf much resembles that of D. Auricula, Ung., but differs by the more con-
siderable thickness of the petiole and midrib.
23. DIoSPYROS OBLONGIFOLIA, Heer, Braunk. von Bornstiidt in Abhandl. d. Nat.
Gessellsch. zu Halle. x1. Bd. p. 17. t m1. f. 9 (1869).
D. folits oblongis, utrinque obtusis, integerrimis; nervis suprabasilaribus ultra medium
productis, ceteris utrinque 4 remotis, patentioribus, apice cum nervis tertiarits transversis
arcuato-conjunctis, nervulis e nervo medio et e nervis secundariis sub angulo recto emissis,
inter se parallelis, reticulo minuto.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. 1. p. 950. n. 19 (1872).
Eocene; Bornstaédt near Eisleben, Saxony, about N. Lat. 514°.
Leaf nearly 3 in. long by rather more than lin. wide, rounded at both ends.
24. Diospyros PARTHENON, Ung. Syll. Pl. Foss., pug. iii., in Denkschrift. Kais.
Akad. Wissensch. Math.-Naturw. xxv. p. 29. t. ix. f. 8 (1866).
D. foliis ovato-acuminatis basi subcordatis integerrimis membranaceis longe petiolatis,
nervo primario valido, nervis secundariis crebris tenuibus subpatentibus apice diviso anasto-
mosatis.
Schimper, Pal. Vég. 11. p. 948. n. 13 (1872).
Miocene; lignite at Wetterau, Germany.
Leaf 4in. long by 12, in. wide; petiole 13in. long. The long petiole associated with a
subcordate leaf-base is not suggestive of Ebenacez.
25. Drospyros oBLigua, Ung. Syll. Pl. Foss., pug. iii, in Denkschrift. Kais. Akad.
Wissensch. Math.-Naturw. xxv. p. 29. t. 1x. fig. 17, 17* (1866).
D. calyce quinquelobo deciduo minimo patente, laciniis e basi lata angustatis linearibus
obtusis.
36—2
284 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Schimper, Pal. Vég. m1. p. 951. n. 23 (1872).
In marly schist, Radoboj, Croatia.
Calyx about }in. in diameter; lobes about }in. long. Like Royena Myosotis, Ung., but
calyx-lobes narrower. Cf. Porana.
26. EBENACITES RUGOsUS, Sap. in Sap. et Math. Exam. Anal. Fl. Tert. Provence,
p. 31 (1861).
E. foliis (2) ovatis, petiolatis, integerrimis ; nervis secundariis curvatis, nervis tertiariis
sinuosis transversim reticulatis; floribus unisexualibus ; calyce 5-lobo lobis inequalibus, extus
rugoso-sulcatis, intus levibus, estivatione imbricatis; masculorum corollé erecté breviter
urceolatd calycibus breviore; feminorum segmentis calycinis primum erectis, ovarium 2—3-
stylum foventibus, demum patentibus, indurato-persistentibus, baccam globosam ipsis breviorem
stipantibus.
Diospyros rugosa, Sap. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iv. vol. xvii. p. 264. t. xi. f 3. A, B,
C, D, E, F. (1862); Schimp. Pal. Vég. u. p. 946. n. 7. (1872).
Tertiary ; beds of gypsum at Aix, S.E. France, common.
The styles are not Ebenaceous in character. Male flower 3 in. diameter, calyx and
corolla lobed half way, lobes ovate; female flower }im. thick, calyx deeply lobed, lobes
ovate acuminate, styles } in. long.
27. Diospyros ZOLLIKOFERI, Ung. Syll. Pl. Foss., pug. iii, in Denkschrift. Kais, Akad.
xxv. p. 27. t. ix. f. 6 (1866).
D. seminibus ovoideis, compressis, distinctis, nwmero octo in orbem dispositis—residuis
fructus baccati globularis.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. 0. p. 951. n. 21. (1872).
Miocene; Hengsberg, Styria.
Seeds —2 in. long by {—,% in. wide.
IV. Key to THE Fosstt SPECIES OF MACREIGHTIA.
Peduncles not thickened upwards
Leaves 13—2} in. long by 3—+, in. wide. 1. MM. germanica.
Leaves more than 8 in. ioe i 1} in. wide, 2. M. microcalya.
| Peduncles thickened upwards.
Calyx-lobes ovate-acuminate. 3. IM. longipes.
Calyx-lobes ovate or cuneiform, obtuse 4. M. miinzenbergensis.
1. MAcCREIGHTIA GERMANICA, Heer, Fl. Tert. Helvet. m1. p. 13. t. ciii. fig. 1, 2 (1859).
M. foliis late-lanceolatis acuminatis in petiolum mediocrem attenuatis integerrimis vel
margine inequali passim denticulatis coriaceies, nervo medio robusto, nervis secundariis e
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE. 285
nervo primario sub angulo acuto egredientibus subsimplicibus rectis parallelis; calyce firmo
pedunculato tripartito, lobis bast ovato-acuminatis nervosis; baccd rotundd calyce basi cinctd.
Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. Bilin, p. 234. (1868); Schimp. Pal. Vég. um. 953. n. 1 (1872);
Ung. Syll. Pl. Foss., pug. iii. p. 26. t. viii. fig. 12, 13 (1866).
Celastrus europeus, Ung. Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss. p. 459 (1850), Syll. Pl Foss., pug. ii.
p. 10. t. ii. fig. 10—15 (1864).
Tertiary; Parschlug, Styria; Croatia; Oeningen, &c.
Calyx only like Macreightia (Maba) in being trimerous; if the leaves are sometimes
denticulate as stated, the plant cannot belong to Ebenacee. In Celastrus europeus the
leaves measure 13—2} in. long by 3—, in. wide; petioles about 4 in. long.
2. MACREIGHTIA MICROCALYX, Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. v. Bilin in Denkschrift. Akad. Wissensch.
Math.-Naturw. xxvii. p. 234. t, xxxix. f. 2—5. n. 2 (1868).
M. foliis lanceolo-oblongis, basi angustatis, obtusis, apicem versus angustatis, margine
integerrimis, nervis secundariis camptodromis, nervo primario valido, nervis tertiartis obsoletis ;
calyce submembranaceo, pedunculato, tripartito, extus piloso, lobis ovato-acutis, basi latis, apice
breviter cuspidatis, nervoso-striatis ; baccd rotundd, calycis basi cinctd.
Schimper, Pal. Vég. 1. p. 953. n. 2 (1872).
Miocene; Kutschlin, Bohemia.
Leaf 14 in, wide by more than 3in. long. Calyx 4—3in. long; perhaps a fourth
lobe at the back of the impression is concealed by the front ones.
3. MACREIGHTIA LONGIPES, Ettingsh. Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Tertfl. Steierm. p. 58, t. Iv.
fel Oli:
M. calyce longe pedunculato, pedunculo sursum sensim incrassato, lobis ovato-acuminatis,
acutis.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. m1. p. 954. n. 3 (1872).
Lignite at Leoben, Styria, Austria.
4. MACREIGHTIA MUNZENBERGENSIS, Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. d. alt. Braunk. d. Wetterau, p. 59.
M. calyce tripartito lobis ovatis vel cuneiformibus, obtusis, nervosis.
Schimp. Pal. Vég. 1. p. 954 n. 4 (1872).
Hydrocharis ovata, Ludw. Palewontogr. in Mey. Beitr. Naturg. Vorw. vil. t. xxtv. f. 6
(1860).
Tertiary ; sandstone at Miinzenberg, Darmstadt, S.W. Germany.
Calyx (2)-lobes ?—Z in. long. As much like a calyx of Barringtonia or a split fruit
of Viola as Maba. Peduncles thickened upwards.
The following names of fossil species have been published apparently without descriptions
or with extremely meagre ones.
286 Mr HIERN ON EBENACEA.
Diospyros lawrina, Massal. Syllab. Pl. Foss. Tert. Venet. p. 77 (1859).
Macreightia ttalica, Massal. 1. c.
Macreightia? wmbellata, Massal. 1. c.
Diospyros discreta, Saporta, Vég. Sud-Est France, Ep. Tert. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. v.
vol. xv. p. 321 (1872).
Diospyros ambigua, Saporta, l.c., non Vent.
Diospyros rhodendrifolia, Saporta, l. ¢.
Diospyros corrugata, Saporta, l. c.
Diospyros styracifolia, Saporta, l.c. p. 333; D. tyracifolia, Sap. in. Bull. Soc. Géol.
France, Xxv. p. 895 (1868).
Diospyros raminervis, Saporta, l. c. p. 333; in Bull. Soc. Géol. France, xxv. p. 895 (1868).
Diospyros Scheuzeri, A. Br. ex Ung. Pflanzenwelt, p. 233 (1851), is Labatia Scheuzeri,
A. Br. ex Stiehler, Synops. Pflanz. Vorwelt, I. p. 147 (1861).
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
During the time that the previous sheets have taken in passing through the press
numerous new specimens of Hbenaceze have reached this country and been presented to
my notice, containing indeed several new species and affording additional matter for the
more complete knowledge of old ones. So far as circumstances allowed, I have incorporated
the additional matter in its proper place, and such information as was not sufficiently
early for that purpose, I now add at the end: I also take the same opportunity of correcting
the misprints, mistakes, and omissions that have been noticed, and of making any slight
additions that further research has rendered desirable. The estimate given on page 61 for
the number of recent species in the family and in the genera Maba and Dviospyros will
require a slight increase in each case; thus the whole Natural Order contains more than
260 recent species, of which about 100 are new or not previously described; and if the
fossils are included the whole number will be at least 300.
P. 27, 1.10. For Intctntz read ILictinea&.
P. 28, 1. 5 from bottom. For Bertolini read Bertolont.
P. 30, 1. 11. For Paralia read Paralea.
» 1. 27. For Blum. read Blanco.
P. 33, 1. 4. Add, Java, Sumatra and Borneo.
» 118. Strike out Java (?).
P. 37, 1. 10. Strike out Mart.
» L 18, 24, 33. For caprefolia read capreefolia.
P. 40, 1 19. For 4117. Diospyros sylvatica, Roxb. read 4117. Diospyros sylvatica, Wall.
], 24. For Roxb. read Wall.
P. 41. Insert, among the numbers of Hs. GRIFFITH AND HELFER, 3620. Diospyros Horsfieldii.
P. 44, 1. 7. For Hendelotii read Heudelotii.
288 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
P, 44. Insert
BeccaRi. 1865—1868.
Borneo, District Sarawak.
No. 1399. Maba punctata. No. 2285. Diospyros rigida.
1422. Diospyros coriacea. 2486. Diospyros fuliginea.
1423. Maba punctata. 2492. Diospyros Beccarii.
1429. Maba (2) cordata. 2542. Diospyros dictyoneura.
1550. Maba Maingayi. 2591. Diospyros Beccarii.
1560. Diospyros graciliflora. 2612. Diospyros asterocalyx.
1600. Diospyros lateralis. 2615. Diospyros dictyoneura.
1670. Maba merguensis. 3052. Cfr. Diospyros Toposia, Ham.
1787. Diospyros pergamena. 3101. Cfr. Diospyros.
1822. Maba Teijsmanni. 3120. Diospyros (sp.).
1837. Maba (?) cordata. 3225. Diospyros plectosepala.
1892. Diospyros discolor, Willd. 3455. Diospyros coriacea.
1948. Maba Beccarii. 3567. Diospyros rotundiflora.
1949. Diospyros (sp.). 3568. _ Maba myrmecocalyx.
1973. Diospyros buxifolia.
P. 44, 1. 20. For 1854 read 1852.
» Under GERRARD AND M°KEN insert 18. Royena cordata, E. Mey.
P. 45. 1606. Euclea daphnoides.
1. 10. ‘For sofia E. Mey. read glandulosa, Harv.
» At bottom, add, 1740. Cape of Good Hope. Euclea lanceolata, E. Mey.
P. 46. Under Botus add, 128. Graaf Reinet. Royena pallens, Thunb.
»
527. 4 Royena cordata, E. Mey.
572. a Euclea ovata, Burch.
655. - Euclea undulata, Thunb.
50. Under BEerNIER add, 259 (excl. fr.). Madagascar. Diospyros haplostylis, Boiv.
51, 1. 9. For Maba capreefolia read Diospyros capreefolia, and prefix 1011.
57, 1. 4 from bottom. After lobis insert integris.
60, 1. 2. After equal insert entire.
67, 1. 32. For p. 38 read p. 37.
. 69, Insert 1827. Ferreola guineensis, Schum. and Thonn, Plant. Guin. p. 448. Guinea, Africa.
» lL 4& from bottom. For Sweet. read Sweet,.
P. 72. Insert 1843. Rymia polyandra, Endl. Cat. Hort. Acad. Vindob. 1. p, 123. n. 4583.
Cape of Good Hope.
P. 73. Insert 1850. Anona macrophylla, Ung. Gen. et Sp. Pl. Foss. p. 442. Croatia.
last two lines for 1850 read 1851.
P. 75. Insert 1861. Diospyros longifolia, Spruce in Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. v. p. 7.
South America.
1861. Diospyros glomerata, Spruce in Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. v. p. 7. South
America,
id FUare fos 0) se
1861.
1861.
l. 6 from bottom. For Island read Islands.
”
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ. 289
Diospyros polyandra, Spruce in Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. v. p. 7. S. America.
Macreightia myristicoides, Spruce in Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. v. p. 8. S. America.
P. 76, insert 1865. Diospyros obscura, Sap. Etud. p. 283 in Ann. Se. Nat. ser. v. vol. Iv.
p. 138. S.E. France.
P. 77, insert 1868. Diospyros paleogza, Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. Bilin in Denkschrift. Akad. Kais.
1868.
1868.
1868.
1868.
1868.
1868.
1869.
1869.
LE ee Be
P. 94, L
PP. 95, 96.
Wissensch. Math—Naturw. XXVIII. p. 233. t. XXXVI. fig. 24—26, 82. Bohemia.
Diospyros bilinica, Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. Bilin in Denkschrift. Akad. Kais. Wissensch,
Math.—Naturw. XXVIII. p. 233. t. XXxXIX. fig. 17, 18. Bohemia.
Diospyros paradisiaca, Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. Bilin in Denkschrift. Akad. Kais.
Wissensch. Math. Naturw. XXVIII. p. 234. t. XXXVI. fig. 29—31, 34. Bohemia.
Macreightia microcalyx, Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. Bilin in Denkschrift. Akad. Kais.
Wissensch. Math.—Naturw. XXVIIL p. 234 t. xxxrx. f. 2—5.
Diospyros greca, Saporta in Bull. Soc. Géol. France xxv. p. 321. S. E. France.
Diospyros styracifolia, Saporta in Bull. Soe. Géol. France xxv. p. 895. S. E. France.
Diospyros raminervis, Saporta in Bull. Soc. Géol. France xxv. p. 895. S. E. France.
Diospyros oblongifolia, Heer Braunk. vy. Bornstadt in Abh. Nat. Gesell. Halle,
xi. Bd. p. 17. t. m1. fig. 9. Saxony.
Diospyros stenosepala, Heer Fl. Foss. Alaskana in Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps—
Akad. Handl., Ny Foljd, viii. p. 35. t. vu. fig. 7, 8. N. America.
Macreightia longipes, Ettingsh. Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Steierm. p. 58. t. Iv. fig. 10,
11, ex Schimp. Pal. Vég. m1. p. 954 (1872). Austria.
Macreightia miinzenbergensis, Ettingsh. Foss. Fl. d. alt. Braunk. d. Wetterau,
p. 59, ex Schimp. Pal. Vég. 11. p. 954 (1872). Germany.
Diospyros primeva, Heer Phyll. Crét du Nebraska, p. 19. t. 1 fig. 6, 7.
N. America.
Diospyros bohemica, Schimp. Tr. Pal. Vég. 11 p. 945. n. 8. Bohemia.
Diospyros alaskana, Schimp. Tr. Pal: Vég. m1. p. 949. n. 17. N. America.
Diospyros Roxburghi, Carriére in Revue Horticole, p. 253. N.E. India.
Diospyros discreta, Saporta in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. v. vol. xv. p. $21 (sine
descriptione). S.E. France.
Diospyros rhododendrifolia, Saporta in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. Vv. vol. xv. p. 321
(sine descriptione). S.E. France.
. Diospyros corrugata, Saporta in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. v. vol. XV. p. 321 (sine
descriptione). S.E. France.
For Stamens 16—17 read Stamens 16—22.
For Stamens 16—17 read 16—22.
Euclea rigida, E. Mey. must be removed from £. pseudebenus, E. Mey. to
E. lancea, Thunb.
P. 99, 1. 8 from bottom. For Stamens 16 read Stamens 12—16.
P. 100. To the localities for EUCLEA DivinoruM add Basuta country, 7. Baines !
”?
Add as a synonym of EUCLEA MULTIFLORA
Diospyros (Sp.), Salt, Voyage Abyss. p. 14 (1814) ;
Vou. XII. Part L. 37
290 Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEE.
And among the localities for this species, add Sofala Bay, Mozambique, 19 August,
1809, Salt!
. 103, 1. 10 from bottom. For (1847) read (1851).
. 104, 1. 18. After Fruit isert edible.
106. Zo EucLEA UNDULATA, Thunb. add Wooded chasms, Swellendam, a tree, Lichtenstein ;
Basuta country, “Tolangoola,” 7. Bazines!. According to Thunberg, the berries when
bruised and fermented yield a vinegar.
P. 107, last line. After pilose insert except MM. (?) cordata.
P. 141. In the character of MABA CORDATA insert
floribus masculis tubulosis, 5-meris, lobis lanceolatis, calyce partito, staminibus 12, glabris,
tnequalibus.
rg td
And in the description insert
3. Flowers tubular, # in. long, pentamerous. Calyx } in. long, partite; lobes narrowly
lanceolate, glabrous inside. Corolla-tube equalling the calyx, pubescent outside above;
lobes 2 in. long, oval-lanceolate, subacute, puberulous outside, glabrous inside. Stamens
12, unequal, glabrous, inserted on the receptacle; anthers apiculate ; filaments unequal, more
or less combined at base. Ovary 0. Pedicels } in. long; bracts caducous, unequal. Borneo,
O. Beccari! n. 1837.
P. 142, 1. 16. For MSS. read in Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. v. p. 8 (1861).
P. 144, At the end of the descriptions of the species of MABA insert
EXCLUDED SPECIES OF MABA.
Maba Cargillia, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 162 (1866) = Diospyros Cargillia, F. Muell.
Maba pentamera, F. Muell. Fragm. v. p. 163 (1866) =Diospyros pentamera, Woolls et
F. Muell.
Maba quadridentata, F, Muell. Fragm. v. p. 162 (1866) = Diospyros mabacea, F. Muell.
P. 144, 1. 2 from bottom. Add non Solander ex Lowe Man. Fl. Madeira vol. 11. p. 34 (1872).
P. 151, 1. 11. For glabrous read subglabrous.
P. 159, 1. 19. Prefix the reference Kern. Hort. Semperv. t. 64.
P. 161, 1. 16. Add ; non Wall.
P. 197, 1. 1. For Golunto read Golungo.
P. 201, 1. 7 from bottom. Add ; non Hort.
P. 218, 1. 9. After Bat. insert II.
1.
17. Add D. dioica, Spanoghe in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. p. 348 (1835).
P. 222,. Among the localities for Diospyros MONTANA, Roxb., insert
Pegu, Kurz! 3008, 3009.
P, 225. At end of synonymy of Diospyros virGINIANA, Linn., add
D. stricta, Hort. ex Loud. Encyel. l.c., non Roxb.
D. digyna, Hort. ex Loud. Encycl. lc, non Jacq.
P, 240, 1. 4 from bottom. Add non Heer.
P. 244, ‘To the synonymy of Diospyros Epenaster Retz, add Cfr. Lolin, Valentyn, Oost-Ind.
Deel mt. Stuk i. p. 223. t. LxIv (1726).
P. 286, 1. 7. Jor rhodendrifolia read rhododendrifolia.
ALPHABETICAL
INDEX OF THE LATIN NAMES.
The Numbers on the right-hand of the names denote the pages on which the names severally occur; the Numbers
on the left-hand, in the case of adopted specific names of recent species, denote the number of the species
under its genus.
Aberia tristis, Sond., 90.
Ecidium (sp.), 86.
Amuxis (§), 146, 156.
Annona microcarpa, Jacq., 68, 144, 246.
Anona Lignitum, Ung., 73, 278.
», macrophylla, Ung., 277, 288.
Anonacex, 62, 63, 271, tab. 1,
Arbutus (sp.), Linn., 78, 83.
59 diospyrifolius, Massal., 74, 279.
Barberia (§) 107, 110.
Barringtonia, Forst., 285.
Bicornes, Giseke, 57.
Bignoniacez, 28.
Bixineex, 63, tab. 1.
Bocagea elliptica, Hook. f. et Thoms., 270.
Borraginites myosotiflorus, Ludw., 280.
Brachycheila pubescens, Harvy., 73, 90, 93.
Brachynema ramiflorum, Benth., 65, 75.
Buxus (sp.), Linn., 78, 88.
», sempervirens, Linn., 231.
Cargilia Auct. Cfr. Cargillia.
Cargillia, R. Br., 60, 64, 66, 144, 145, 146,
155.
arborea, A. Cunn., 239.
australis, R. Br., 56, 64, 68, 246.
laxa, R. Br., 56, 64, 68, 211.
mabacea, F. Muell., 76, 239.
macrocarpa, Vieill, 242.
maritima, Hassk., 73, 211.
5 megalocarpa, F. Muell., 76, 211.
» pentamera, Woolls et F. Muell., 76, |
239.
Carpodinus edulis, G. Don, 271.
Carpophaga magnifica, Selby, 240.
Casasia calophylla, Rich., 126.
38
17
Cassia phaseolites, Heer, 75, 274.
Cavanilla, Auct. Cfr. Cavanillea.
Cavanillea, Desrouss., 144, 146, 156.
- Mabolo, Lam., 69, 260.
55 philippensis, Desr., 67, 260.
Celastrinex, 63, tab. 1.
Celastrus, L., 274.
a crispus, Thunb., 69, 90, 99.
5 europeus, Ung., 73, 285.
Chailletiacez, 63, tab. 1.
Convolvulacex, 63, tab. 1.
Cordia, Plum., 96.
Cunalon, Blanco, 197.
Cunalonia (§), 146, 150.
Dactylus trapezuntinus, Forsk., 67, 144, 224.
Danzleria (§), 146, 153.
55 axillaris, Bert., 72, 145, 231.
Diclidanthera, Mart., 27.
Diospiros, Auct. Cfr. Diospyros.
Diospyracee, Voigt, 57.
Diospyrex, 57.
Diospyri, Tratt., 57.
Diospyros, Linn., 30, 32, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64,
65, 66, 107, 144, 165, 184, 264, 270,
272, 273, 276, 280, 287, 288, tab. 1.
oe acapulcensis, Kunth, 69, 128, 270.
3 acuminata, Wall., 40, 70, 270.
= acuta, Thw., 33, 41, 75, 149, 182.
ss affinis, Thw., 33, 41, 75, 147, 169.
5 alaskana, Schimp., 276, 278, 280,
289.
3 albens, Presl, 70, 127, 270.
» ° ambigua, Sap., 286.
53 ambigua, Vent., 67, 86, 270.
mA amoena, Wall., 40, 70, 213.
5 amplexicaulis, Lindl. et Paxt.,74, 179.
37—2
144
56
37
76
Diospyros anceps, Heer, 75, 276
”?
”
”
Mr HIERN,
2
angulata, Poir., 68, 178.
angustifolia, Lodd., 7
anonefolia, Alph. DC, 38, 72, 148,
179.
apeibacarpos, Radd., 37, 60, 69, 269.
apiculata, Hiern, 33, 42, 149, 186.
argentea, Griff., 34, 41, 42, 74, 156,
265.
Arnottiana, Miq., 76, 171.
artanthefolia, Mart., 37, 53, 74, 155,
255.
assimilis, Bedd., 76, 208.
asterocalyx, Hiern, 150, 193, 288.
atrata (var.), 259.
attenuata, Thw., 33, 41, 75, 149, 182.
aurea, Teijsm. et Binn., 34, 54, 74,
151, 206.
Auricula, Ung., 73, 276, 280, 283.
auriculata, Stiehl., 280.
auriculata, Wight, 42, 188.
australis, 30, 31, 36, 46, 54, 246.
Barteri, Hiern, 35, 43, 149, 187.
batocana, Hiern, 31, 35, 148, 174.
Beccarii, Hiern, 151, 204, 288.
Bernieri, Hiern, 38, 50, 268.
Berterii, Alph. DC., 72, 127, 270.
bicolor, K1., 75, 165.
biflora, Blanco, 34, 70, 152, 217.
bilinica, Ettingsh., 276, 283, 289.
Blancoi, Alph. DC., 73, 261.
bohemica, Schimp., 283, 289.
Boivini, Hiern, 38, 150, 194.
borneensis, Hiern, 33, 55, 148, 173.
Boutoniana, Alph. DC., 72, 178.
brachysepala, A. Br., 73, 979, 276,
279, 282.
bracteata, Roxb., 69, 221.
Brandisiana, Kurz, 33, 77, 149, 184.
brasiliensis, Mart., 51, 74, 244.
burmanica, Kurz, 34, 77, 147, 166.
buxifolia, Hiern, 34, 42,
288.
calophylla, Hiern, 38, 50, 147, 156.
calycina, Audib., 71, 225.
calycina, Bedd., 188.
canarica, Bedd., 77, 164, 165.
Candolleana, Wight, 41, 73, 164.
Canomoi, Alph. DC., 73, 216.
55, 152, 218,
137
96
149
112
ON EBENACE,
Diospyros capensis, Alph. DC., 72, 178, 179.
capitulata, Wight, 73, 233.
capreefolia, Mart., 37, 51, 155, 254,
287, 288.
Cargillia, F. Muell., 77, 155, 246, 290.
caroliniana, Muhl., 69, 225.
Carthei, Hiern, 33, 151, 198.
cauliffora, Blume, 34, 58,69, 154, 234.
cauliflora, Mart., 142, 270.
cayennensis, Alph. DC., 37, 72, 153,
231.
cerasifolia, D. Don, 69, 270.
chartacea, Wall., 34, 40, 70, 153, 230.
chinensis, Blume, 69, 227.
chloroxylon, Roxb., 30, 34, 40, 41,
42, 64, 67, 153, 233.
chrysophyllos, Poir., 38, 53, 68, 148,
177, 180.
ciliata, Alph. DC., 36, 153, 223.
ciliata, Rafin., 70, cra
citrifolia, Wall., 72, 2
coccolobeefolia, Mart., ae 51, 53, 74,
155, 251.
Commersoni, Gaertn. fil., 68, 179.
comorensis, Hiern, 38, 153, 220.
concolor, Moench, 67, 225.
conduplicata, Kunth, 69, 127,
cordifolia, Roxb., 40, 41, 54, 6
222
coriacea, Hiern, 156, 259, 288.
corrugata, Sap., 286, 289.
costata, Carr., 77, 227, 228, fig. p. 229.
crassiflora, Hise 35, 156, 260.
crumenata, Thw., 33, 41,75, 147, 169.
Cunalon, Alph. DC., 30, 34, 60, 73,
150, 197.
cuneifolia, Hb. Deless., 36, 268.
cupulosa, F. Muell., 77, 114, 270.
cystopus, Miq., 34, 75, 266.
dasyphylla, Kurz, 33, 77, 151, 203.
decandra, Boj., 244.
decandra, Lour., 31, 33, 65, 67, 147,
160, 265.
Dendo, Welw.,
195, tab. x.
densiflora, Wall., 33, 40, 70, 147, 171.
dictyoneura, Hiern, 150, 192, 288.
Diepenhorstii, Miq., 34, 58, 60, 75,
145, 154, 235.
270.
1, 22
1;
29, 35, 48, 60, 150,
156
~I
(9.4)
69
47
19
40)
86
134
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE LATIN NAMES. 293
Diospyros digyna, Hort., 290.
”
digyna, Jacq., 67, 244.
dioica, Span., 70, 290.
discolor, Willd., 29, 34, 37, 40, 42,
46, 54, 59, 68, 156, 260, 288.
discreta, Sap., 286, 289.
dodecandra, Lour., 34, 60, 67, 264.
dubia, Goepp., 276, 281.
dubia, Wall., 40, 70, 159, 160.
dulcis (var.), 226.
Ebenaster, Retz., 29, 30, 31, 34, 36,
37, 42, 50, 67, 154, 179, 244, 290.
Ebenaster, Spach, 208.
Ebenum, Koen., 29, 34, 38, 40, 41,
42, 56, 59, 67, 151, 208, 209, 245.
Ebenum, Poir., 176.
ebenus, Auct. Cfr. D. Ebenum.
edulis, Lodd., 69, 244.
ebretioides, Wall., 33, 40, 70, 147,
162, 163.
emarginata, Hiern, 37, 52, 156, 256,
1 ee ©
embriopteris, Blanco, 261.
Embryopteris, Boj., 261.
Embryopteris, Pers., 29, 30, 31, 34,
40, 41, 42, 43, 53, 54, 55, 68, 156,
257.
erlantha, Champ., 31, 33, 52, 74,
151, 202.
exculpta, Hamilt., 69, 158.
exsculpta, Auct., 158.
culpta, Hamilt.
fasciculosa, F. Muell., 77, 135, 270.
feminina, Hamilt., 73, 270.
ferruginea, Spltgbr., 73, 240.
fertilis, Lodd., 70, 225.
flavicans, Hiern, 34, 40, 41, 49, 59, |
151, 205.
foliolosa, Wall., 30, 33, 40, 70, 150,
188.
frondosa, Wall., 40, 70, 270.
frutescens, Blume, 34, 55, 69, 134, |
147, 170.
frutescens, Hassk., 193.
fuliginea, Hiern, 149, 184, 288.
Gardneri, Thw., 29, 34, 41, 53, 75, |
152, 214.
gaultheriefolia, Mart., 37, 53, 74,
155, 250.
Cfr. D. ex- |
141
133
53
52
154
23
29
158
87
bo
Diospyros geminata, F. Muell., 77, 119, 270.
”
glaberrima, Rottb., 67, 208.
glabra (var.), Alph. DC., 224.
glauca, Rottl., 34, 67, 233.
glomerata, Spruce, 37, 52, 155, 254,
288.
glutinifera, Wall., 69, 258.
glutinosa, Roxb., 69, 258.
Goindu, Dalz., 74, 221, 222.
Goudotii, Hiern, 37, 54, 155, 249.
graciliflora, Hiern, 150, 191, 288.
gracilipes, Hiern, 38, 50, 59, 150, 191.
greca, Sap., 274, 289.
grandifolia, Wall., 73, 270.
grata, Wall., 34, 40, 70, 264.
guiacana, Rob., 68, 225.
heringiana, Ettingsh., 74, 273, 276,
282. :
halesioides, Griseb., 37, 52, 76, 148,
173.
haplostylis, Boiv., 29, 38, 50, 148,
177, 288.
Hasseltii, Zoll., 35, 74, 265.
hebecarpa, A. Cunn., 36, 54, 56, 77,
209.
Hebenaster, Gaertn., 179, 244.
heterophylla, Wall., 40, 70, 221, 222,
242.
Heudelotii, Hiern, 35, 44, 152, 215,
287, tab. v. fig. 2.
hexasperma, Hasselt, 73, 123, 270.
hirsuta, Desf., 83, 270.
hirsuta, Linn. fil., 29, 33, 41, 42, 43,
67, 147, 163, 164, 165, 166.
hispida, Alph. DC., 37, 49, 51, 72,
155, 249.
Horsfieldii, Hiern, 33, 54, 150, 193,
287.
humilis, F. Muell., 77, 120, 270.
incerta, Massal., 75, 276, 278.
incisa, Hamilt., 69, 263.
inconstans, Jacq., 66, 127, 270.
insculpta, Hamilt., 69, 158, 159.
insignis, Thw., 29, 33, 41, 75, 147, 157.
intermedia, Hort., 71, 225, 226.
japonica, Sieb. et Zuce., 54, 73, 224.
Kaki, Blanco, 261.
Kaki, Linn. fil., 30, 31, 34, 41, 52, 54,
67, 153, 227, 228, fig. p. 229, 230.
14
165
33
100
118
129
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Diospyros Kirkii, Hiern, 31, 35, 151, 199.
Korthalsiana, Hiern, 33, 147, 168.
Kuhlii, Zoll., 35, 74, 265.
Kurzii, Hiern, 33, 65, 147, 162.
levis, Boj., 38, 72, 153, 232, 268.
lancezefolia, Roxb., 30, 34, 41, 68,
152, 213, 264.
lanceolata, Poir., 68, 131, 270.
lanceolata, Schimp., 278.
lanceolata, Wall., 40, 263.
lancifolia, A. Br., 74, 279.
lancifolia, Lesq., 278.
langifolia, Stiz., 279.
lateralis, Hiern, 147, 167, 288.
latifolia, Schimp., 279.
laurifolia, A. Rich., 37, 74, 244.
laurina, Massal., 75, 286.
laxa, Teijsm. et Binn., 74, 172.
leucocalyx, Hiern, 38, 54, 267.
leucomelas, Poir., 30, 38, 50, 68, 148,
7S:
Lignitum, Ung., 76, 276,
lobata, Lour., 67, 227, 22
longifolia, Heer, 74, 279.
longifolia, Spruce, 240, 241, 288.
lotoides, Ung., 76, 276, 280.
Lotus, Blanco, 216.
Lotus, Linn., 30, 31, 41, 52, 54, 66,
153, 223, 226, 228, 230, 272.
Lotus, Lour., 195.
Loureiriana, G. Don, 35, 44, 48, 63,
70, 150, 194.
Loveni, Heer, 77, 276, 277.
lucida, Hort., 225.
lucida, Wall., 40, 70, 164.
lycioides, Desf., 68, 85, 270.
mabacea, F. Muell., 36, 77, 154, 239,
290.
Mabola, Roxb., 69, 260.
Mabolo, Wall., 70.
macrocalyx, Alph. DC., 72, 178.
macrocalyx, K1., 195.
macrocarpa, Hiern, 38, 56, 154, 242.
macrocarpa, Korth., 168.
macrophylla, Blume, 34, 69, 154, 237.
macrophylla, Wall., 40, 216.
malabarica, Kostel., 70, 258.
Malacapai, Alph. DC., 30, 33, 73,
155, 247.
143
82
30
46
97
94
89
77
31
124
Diospyros Mannii, Hiern, 35, 44, 155, 255.
2”?
maritima, Blume, 34, 36, 52, 54, 55,
64, 69, 152, 211.
mauritiana, Aiph. DC., 72, 178.
megalocarpa, F. Muell., 77, 211.
melanida, Neraud, 179.
melanida, Poir., 38, 50, 68, 148, 177,
179.
melanida, Sieber, 261.
melanoxylon, Blume, 172.
melanoxylon, Hassk., Ettingsh., 258.
melanoxylon, Roxb., 29, 31, 33, 41,
42, 43, 67, 147, 159, 160, 161.
melanoxylon, Willd., 208.
membranacea, Alph. DC., 72, 244.
mespiliformis, Hochst., 29, 31, 39,
43, 44, 48, 71, 147, 165, 267.
mexicana, Scheele, 238.
microcarpa, Sieb., 224, (var.) 226.
microcarpa, Span., 35, 70, 270.
microphylla, Bedd., 77, 218.
microrhombus, Hiern, 29, 38, 150,
187.
mollis, Wall., 30, 40, 71, 162.
montana, Heyne, 159.
montana, Roxb., 29, 34, 36, 40, 41,
42, 43, 67, 153, 220, 222, 290.
Moonii, Thw., 41, 75, 164.
Morrisiana, Hance, 31, 52, 74, 153,
219.
multiflora, Blanco, 30, 34, 57, 152,
216.
multiflora, Wall., 40, 70, 213.
Myosotis, Ung., 73, 274.
Myosotis, Web., 278.
myrmecocarpus, Mart., 74, 141, 270.
Neraudii, Alph. DC., 72, 178.
nervosa (var.), 259.
nigra, Blanco, 73, 244.
nigricans, Dalz., 208.
nigricans, Wall., 34, 40, 41, 70, 151,
207.
nilagirica, Bedd., 77, 164.
nodosa, Poir., 38, 53, 68, 148, 178,
179.
oblonga, Wall. 34, 40, 42, 69, 154,
243,
127
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE LATIN NAMES.
Diospyros oblongifolia, Heer, 276, 283, 289.
obovata, Jacq., 67, 197.
obovata, Wight, 42, 270.
obscura, Sap., 276, 281, 289.
obtusifolia, Bert., 127, 270.
obtusifolia, Humb. et Bonpl., 68, 244.
ocanensis (var.), 253.
octandra, Hiern, 33, 41, 167.
oleifolia, Wall., 34, 40, 70, 151, 204.
Qlen, Hiern, 38, 55, 154, 246.
oligandra, Bedd., 77, 164.
oocarpa, Thw., 33, 41, 60, 75, 145,
148, 171.
oppositifolia, Thw., 30, 33, 41, 75,
147, 157.
orixensis, Hb, Wight, 35, 42, 264.
orixensis, Klein, 68, 161.
ovalifolia, Wight, 34, 41, 42, 73, 154,
237.
ovalis, Hiern, 37, 53, 155, 248.
paleogea, Ettingsh., 276, 281, 289.
paniculata, Dalz, 33, 43, 74, 150,
190, 263.
pannonica, Ettingsh., 74, 276, 282.
paradisiaca, Ettingsh., 276, 279, 289.
Paralea, Steud., 30, 37, 52, 53, 71,
154, 240, 241, 287.
Parthenon, Ung., 76, 276, 283.
parvifolia, Hiern, 38, 152, 217.
Pearcei, Hiern, 155, 252.
pellucida, Hiern, 34, 57, 151, 209.
pellucido-punctata (var), 231.
pendula, Hasselt, 34, 73, 154, 236,
penduliflora, Zoll., 35, 74, 266.
pentamera, Woolls et F. Muell., 30,
36, 54, 77, 154, 239, 290.
perforata, Hiern, 34, 154, 2438.
pergamena, Hiern, 154, 234, 288.
Persimon, Wikstr., 70, 225.
peruviana, Hiern, 52, 53, 155, 253.
Pervillei, Hiern, 38, 50, 150, 192.
philippinensis, Alph. DC., 34, 57, 72,
152, 212.
phyllomegas, Steud., 71, 237.
pilosa, Alph. DC., 30, 35, 72, 106,
265.
pilosanthera, Blanco, 30, 35, 70, 152,
213.
pilosula, Wall., 33, 40, 70, 150, 188.
platycalyx, Hiern, 38, 50, 267.
163
67
145
64
136
167
43
111
75
295
Diospyros platyphylla, Welw., 35, 48, 59, 266.
”
”
”
”
plectosepala, Hiern, 151, 201, 288.
Poeppigiana, Alph. DC., 37, 52, 53,
12; 156) 2565 25
polyalthioides, Korth., 33, 151, 198,
tab. vil.
polyandra, Spruce, 37, 52, 155, 251,
289.
primeva, Heer, 272, 276, 280, 289.
pruinosa, Hiern, 38, 59, 268.
pruriens, Dalz., 33, 41,43, 74,149,185.
psidioides, Kunth, 69, 127, 270.
pterocalyx, Boj., 70, 178.
pubescens, Pers., 68, 83, 270.
pubescens, Pursh, 225, 226.
punctata, Decaisne, 70, 221, 222.
punctata, Korth., 136, 271.
pyrrhocarpa, Mig., 35, 75, 266.
quesita, Thw., 30, 33, 41, 75, 148,
157, 174,
racemosa, Roxb., 69, 263.
ramiflora, Roxb., 29, 34, 40, 58, 69,
154, 235, 236.
raminervis, Sap., 286, 289.
reticulata, Decaisne, 209.
reticulata, Sieb., 179.
reticulata, Wall., 208.
reticulata, Willd., 68, 176.
revoluta, Poir., 68, 244.
rhodocalyx, Kurz, 34, 77, 154, 241.
rhododendrifolia, Sap., 286, 289, 290.
rigida, Hiern, 156, 257, 288.
rotundiflora, Hiern, 147, 163, 288.
rotundifolia, Hiern, 36, 46, 148, 181.
Roxburghi, Carr., 227, 228, 289.
Royena, Ung., 76, 276, 282.
Roylei, Auct., 159=D. Roylii, Wall.
Roylii, Wall., 40, 70, 159, 160.
rubiginosa, Roth, 69, 159.
rubra, Gaertn. fil., 68, 177.
rugosa, Sap., 76, 284.
rugosula, R. Br., 56, 68, 221, 222,
rugusola, Alph. DC., 221.
salicifolia, Humb. et Bonpl., 68, 128,
129; 271.
samoénsis, A. Gr. 30, 34, 46, 75,
154, 209, 245.
Sapota, Roxb., 40, 69, 244.
gapotanigra, DC., 69, 244.
sapotoides, Kurz, 151, 206.
296
107
”
”
Mr HIERN, ON
Diospyros Scheuzeri, A. Br., 74, 286.
Schi-tse, Bunge, 70, 227.
senegalensis, Perr., 44, 72, 165.
senensis, K1., 35, 43, 75, 148, 181.
sericea, Alph. DC., 51, 53, 72, 140,
269, 271.
sericocarpa, F, Muell., 77, 114, 271.
serrata, Hamilt., 69, 271.
speciosa, Wood, 77, 158.
spinosa, Hiern, 37, 155, 247.
Sprucei, Hiern, 37, 52, 152, 210,
tab. vim.
Sprucei (var.), 253.
squamosa, Boj., 38, 50, 72, 153, 220.
squarrosa, K1]., 35, 75, 150, 190.
stenosepala, Heer, 276, 282, 289.
stricta, Hort., 290.
stricta, Roxb., 33, 40, 41, 60, 68,
151, 201.
styracifolia, Sap., 286, 289.
subacuta, Hiern, 38, 149, 185.
suberifolia, Decaisne, 150, 189.
subrotata, Hiern, 37, 49, 155, 250.
sumatrana, Miq., 34, 74, 154, 236.
sylvatica, Roxb., 29, 33, 41, 65, 67,
147, 161, 287.
sylvatica, Wall., 40, 221, 287.
Tallak (var.), 134.
tessellaria, Poir., 29, 31, 38, 68, 148,
175, 176, 177.
tetrandra, Hiern, 37, 152, 210, tab. v1.
tetrandra, Span., 71, 211.
tetrasperma, Sw., 37, 52, 53,
151, 197.
texana, Scheele, 32, 36, 51, 52, 73,
154, 238.
Teysmanni, Migq., 75, 203.
Thouarsii, Hiern, 38, 153, 232.
Thwaitesii, Bedd., 77, 164.
timoriana, Miq., 35, 74, 176, 209.
tomentosa, Poir., 68, 233, 242.
tomentosa, Roxb., 40, 158.
Toposia, Hamilt., 34, 41, 53, 59, 69,
145, 156, 263, 288,
toxicaria, Hiern, 30, 38, 44, 148,175.
tricolor, Hiern, 35, 149, 183, tab. v.
fig. 1.
truncata, Zoll. et Mor., 29, 33, 54,
55, 73, 148, 172.
67,
EBENACE.
4 Diospyros Tupru, Buch., 29, 31, 33, 68, 147,
88
104
70
66
15
93
101
140
170
98
158, 159.
tyracifolia, Saporta, 286.
Umlovok, Griff., 73, 224.
undulata, Wall., 34, 40, 41, 42, 70,
152, 215.
vaccinifolia, Ettingsh., 230.
vaccinioides, Lindl., 31, 34, 40, 41,
52, 54, 55, 69, 153, 230.
varians, Sap., 76, 276, 281.
variegata, Kurz, 34, 77, 151, 203, 223.
velutina, Hiern, 36, 37, 50, 51, 53,
54, 151, 200.
velutina (var), 221. -
venosa, Wall., 40, 70, 270, 271.
vernalis (var.), 195.
verrucosa, Hiern, 35, 147, 167.
Vescoi, Hiern, 38, 152, 218.
vetusta, Giebel, 75, 276, 277.
virginiana, Linn., 30, 32, 52, 58, 66,
153, 223, 224, 228, 230, 290.
virginica, Auct. Cfr. D. virginiana.
virginica dulcis, 271.
Waldemarii, Kl., 75, 221, 222.
Weberi, Stiehl. Cfr. D. Weberii.
Weberii, Massal., 75, 276, 278.
Weddellii, Hiern, 37, 51, 155, 253.
Wightiana, Wall., 40, 70, 159, 160.
Wodani, Ung., 73, 276, 277.
xylopioides, Mart., 37, 74, 269.
Zollikoferi, Ung., 76, 277, 284.
Zollingeri, Hiern, 34, 43, 55, 59,
153, 222.
(sp.) Bedd., 222.
(sp.) Salt., 271, 289.
”
Diospyrus, Roxb. Cfr. Diospyros.
Diplonema, G. Don, 27, 90.
”
”
ambigua, G. Don, 71, 86.
elliptica, G. Don, 71, 92.
Drebbelia subarborescens, Zoll., 65, 75.
Dyospyros, Dumort. Cfr. Diospyros.
Ebenacites rugosus, Sap., 75, 272, 277, 284.
Ebenoxylon, Auct.
Cfr, Ebenoxylum.
Ebenoxylum yerum, Lour., 67, 122.
Ebenus, Commers., 144, 146, 148.
Ebenus, Rumph., 122.
”
”
Cfr. Maba.
leucomelas, Commers., 68, 179.
melanida, Commers., 68, 178.
tessellaria, Commers., 68, 176.
10
12
17
11
13
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Ehretia ferrea, Willd., 67, 107, 117.
Eleis guineensis, Jacq., 107.
Embryopteris, Gaertn., 144.
discolor, G. Don, 70, 261.
gelatinifera, G, Don, 70, 258.
glutenifera, Wight, 258.
glutinifera, Roxb., 67, 258.
Kaki, G. Don, 71, 227.
Loureiriana, G. Don, 71, 264,
peregrina, Gaertn., 67, 258.
. racemosa, G. Don, 71, 263.
Ericacex, 63, tab. I.
Ermellinus, Cesalp., 144, 146, 151, 223.
Erycibe glomerata, Wall., 40.
Erycibee, 63, tab. 1.
Euclea, Linn., 27, 32, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64,
65, 66, 90, 144, 273, 275, tab. 1.
acutifolia, E. Mey., 36, 71, 92, 94.
angustifolia, Benth., 73, 96.
Apollinis, Ung., 76, 275.
bilocularis, Hiern, 35, 92, 102.
Burchellii (wvar.), 105.
coriacea, Alph. DC., 36, 46, 47, 72, 90,
Wil GR) el Se)
daphnoides, Hiern, 36, 45, 49, 92, 102,
288.
desertorum, Eckl. et Zeyh., 73, 97.
divinorum, Hiern, 31, 35, 36, 46, 92,
98, 99, 289.
Dregeaua, Alph. DC., 72, 93.
elliptica, Alph. DC., 72, 92.
2, 93
fructuosa, Hiern, 35, 92, 101.
herbacea, Lour., 67, 106.
humilis, Eckl. et Zeyh., 73, 105, 106.
Kellau, Hochst., 35, 44, 71, 92, 103.
Kraussiana, Bernh., 72, 93.
lancea, Thunb., 36, 67, 92, 95, 96.
lanceolata, E. Mey., 35, 36, 44, 45, 46,
47, 48, 49, 71, 92, 96, 97, 272, 288.
linearis, Zeyh., 36, 47, 73, 92, 96.
71, 92, 102.
macrophylla, E. Mey. d., 101.
miocenica, Ung., 76, 275.
multiflora, Hiern, 35, 36, 44, 45, 46,
47, 48, 49, 92, 100, 271, 289, tab. m1.
myrtina, Burch., 49, 69, 105, 106.
natalensis, Alph. DC., 36, 72, 92, 101.
Vou. XII. Parr I.
macrophylla, E. Mey., 36, 44, 45, 46,
9
18
297
Euclea ochrocarpa, E. Mey., 72, 97.
ss ovata, Burch., 36, 48, 49, 58, 69, 91,
92, 98, 288.
3 pilosa, Lour., 67, 106, 265.
55 polyandra, E. Mey., 36, 46, 47, 49, 71,
90, 92.
x pseudebenus, E. Mey., 30, 35, 36, 46,
48, 71, 92, 95.
Fs pubescens, Eckl. et Zeyh., 73, 93.
3 racemosa, Linn., 30, 36, 46, 47, 48, 49,
52, 67, 92, 103, 104,
3 relicta, Ung., 77, 272, 275.
s rigida, E. Mey., 71, 96.
rufescens, E. Mey., 71, 99.
3 tomentosa, E. Mey., 36, 48, 71, 92, 93.
5 undulata, Thunb., 30, 31, 36, 45, 47
48, 49, 67, 92, 105, 288, 290.
5 n. 9140, E. Mey., 94.
Euphorbiacez, 63, 106, tab. 1.
Eurya acuminata, DC., 271.
5, symplocina, Blume, 270.
Extractum Diospyri, 259.
Ferreola, Roxb., 59, 107, 108.
5 buxifolia, Roxb., 67, 117.
5 guineensis, Schum. et Thonn., 117, 288.
Ferriola buxifolia, Roxb. 69, 107, 117.
Ficus (sp.), Keempf., 144, 227.
Fornasinia ebenifera, Bertol., 28.
Garcinia malabarica, Desr., 67, 144, 258.
Getonia macroptera, Ung., 73, 279.
petrezefolia, Schimp., 279.
petreeformis, Ung., 279.
», truncata, Goepp., 74, 279.
Guaiaeana, Tourn., 144, 146, 150.
Guaiacane, Juss., 57.
Guaiacum (sp.) Gerarde, 144, 223.
Guatteria flavicans, Wall., 70, 145, 205.
Gunisanthus, Alph. DC., 63, 64, 66, 145,146,150.
5 pilosulus, Alph. DC., 72, 189.
Hebenaster, Rumph., 144, 244.
Highulaenda, Herm., 117.
Holochilus, Dalz., 64, 107, 109.
55 micranthus, Dalz., 74, 133.
Humiriacee, 63, tab. 1.
Hydrocharis ovata, Ludw., 285.
Hlicinese, 27, 62, 287, tab. 1.
Juglans acuminata, Ludw., 280.
3 ventricosa, Ludw., 280.
Juniperus communis, L., 96,
”
”?
38
298
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Kellaua Schimperi, Alph. DC., 71, 90, 103.
Labatia Scheuzeri, A. Br., 286.
Laurinex, 63, 270, tab. 1.
Leguminose, 28.
Leucoxilon laurinum, E. Mey., 71. (Zzel.).
Leucoxylon, Auct.
Cfr. Leucoxylum.
Leucoxylum, Blume, 64, 66, 144, 146, 152.
buxifolium, Blume, 27, 69, 218.
Lignum Vite, Gerarde, 144, 223.
Loeselia, L., 78.
Lotus (sp.), Camer., 144, 223.
Maba, Forst., 30, 32, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65,
66, 106, 270, 273, 285, 287, 290, tab. 1.
abyssinica, Hiern, 35, 44, 109, 132.
acapulcensis, Hiern, 36, 50, 109, 128,
129, 270.
acuminata, Hiern, 32, 108, 112.
albens, Hiern, 36, 50, 109, 126, 270.
Andersoni, Sol., 32, 76, 108, 124.
angustifolia, Miq., 75, 117.
Beccarii, Hiern, 110, 140, 288.
buxifolia, Pers., 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36,
38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 48, 50, 56, 64, 68,
108, 116, 123.
Cargillia, F. Muell., 76, 246, 290.
caribeea, Hiern, 37, 52, 109, 125.
cauliflora, Hiern, 37, 58, 110, 142, 270.
compacta, R. Br., 36, 57, 68, 108, 121,124.
confertiflora, Hiern, 33, 55, 110, 136.
cordata, Hiern, 110, 141, 288, 290.
Cumingiana, Alph. DC., 57, 73, 117.
cupulosa, F. Muell., 76, 114.
diffusa, Hiern, 38, 50, 108, 111.
Ebenoxylon, G. Don, 71, 123.
Ebenus, Spreng., 69, 123.
Ebenus, Wight, 117.
elliptica, Forst., 32, 38, 56, 67, 108, 122,
125, 270.
elliptica, Seem., 116, 118.
fasciculosa, F. Muell., 36, 38, 55, 56, 76,
110, 135, 270.
foliosa, Rich., 38, 56, 75, 108, 113.
geminata, R. Br., 30, 36, 54, 56, 68, 108,
117, 119, 270.
glabrescens (var.), 118.
granatensis (var.), 128.
Grisebachii, Hiern, 37, 52, 109, 125.
guineensis, Alph. DC., 73, 116, 117.
hemicycloides, F’. Muell., 36, 77, 108,111.
47
Lor)
38
17
Maba hermaphroditica, Zoll., 33, 55, 74, 110,
”
137.
Hilairei, Hiern, 37, 54, 110, 143.
Hillebrandii, Seem., 38, 55, 76, 108, 122.
humilis, R. Br., 36, 56, 68, 108, 119,
120, 270.
inconstans, Griseb., 37, 50, 51, 52, 53,
54, 76, 109, 127, 201, 270.
interstans, F. Muell., 76, 121.
intricata, Hiern, 32, 50, 109, 126.
javanica, Zoll., 33, 74, 110, 138.
lamponga, Miq., 33,59, 75, 107, 110, 133.
lancea, Hiern, 35, 107, 108, 118.
lanceolata, Hiern, 38, 109, 131, 270.
laurina, R. Br., 36, 56, 68, 108, 115.
laxiflora, Benth., 77, 135.
littorea, R. Br., 56, 68, 117.
madagascariensis, Alph. DC., 78, 117.
Maingayi, Hiern, 33, 42, 110, 138, 288.
major, G, Forst., 31, 32, 67, 108, 124, 125.
Mannii, Hiern, 35, 43, 44, 109, 129.
megalocarpa, F. Muell., 76, 211,
Mellinoni, Hiern, 37, 110, 143.
merguensis, Hiern, 33, 41, 110, 134,
288.
micrantha, Hiern, 33, 109, 133.
microphylla (var.), 117.
Motleyi, Hiern, 33, 55, 110, 139.
Mualata, Welw., 30, 35, 48, 108, 111.
myristicoides, Hiern, 37, 52, 110, 142.
myrmecocalyx, Hiern, 110, 139, 288.
myrmecocarpa, Hiern, 37, 110, 141,
270.
natalensis, Hary., 36, 44, 76, 109, 131.
neilgherrensis, Wight, 73, 117.
nigrescens, Dalz., 32, 43, 75, 108, 115.
oblongifolia, Hiern, 32, 108, 112.
obovata, R. Br., 36, 56, 68, 107, 108,
119.
obovata (var.), 128.
ovalifolia, Hiern, 32, 59, 108, 113.
Pavonii, Hiern, 36, 109, 129.
pentamera, F. Muell., 76, 239, 290.
punctata, Hiern, 33, 55, 107, 110, 136,
271, 288, tab. tv.
quadridentata, F, Muell., 76, 239, 290.
quiloénsis, Hiern, 35, 109, 132.
reticulata, R. Br., 36, 57, 68, 108, 121,
122,
bo
bo
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACEZ. 299
Maba revoluta, Vieill., 56, 114.
123, 270, 271.
ruminata, Hiern, 38, 56, 110, 135.
salicifolia, Hiern, 109, 129, 271.
”
108, 116.
271.
sericocarpa, F, Muell., 76, 114.
130.
Smeathmanni, Alph. DC., 73, 117.
sumatrana, Miq., 33, 55,74, 108, 123, 124,
Teijsmanni, Hiern, 33, 110, 137, 288.
vaeciniefolia, Benth., 73, 117.
Vieillardi, Hiern, 38, 56, 108, 124.
Mabie: Mason. Cfr. Maba.
Macreightia, Alph. DC., 64, 66, 107,109,273, 285,
acapulcensis, Alph. DC., 72, 128.
acuminata, Thw., 41, 76, 112.
albens, Alph. DC., 72, 127.
andamanica, (Kurz), 77, 124.
buxifolia, Griseb., 76, 125.
caribeea, Alph. DC., 72, 126.
caribea, Griseb., 126.
conduplicata, Alph. DC., 72, 127.
germanica, Heer, 75, 284.
inconstans, Alph. DC., 72, 127.
intricata, A. Gr., , 126.
italica, Massal., 28
longipes, Hituingel -7 28
75
75
79,
rufa, Labill., 36, 38, 56, 69, 108, 114,
sandwicensis, Alph. DC., 38, 55, 73,
sericea, Hiern, 37, 49, 110, 140, 270,
Seychellarum, Hiern, 38, 50, 107, 109,
Myrsine Kellau, Hochst., 71, 90, 103.
Myrsineex, 63, tab. 1.
Noltia, Schum., 64, 144, 146, 149.
Noltia tricolor, Schum. et Thonn., 69, 183.
Olacine, 61, 63, 65, tab. 1.
Olax, L., 65.
Oleacez, 63, tab. 1.
Padus (sp.), Burm., 90, 104.
Paralea, Aubl., 144, 146, 154.
» guianensis, Aubl., 67, 240.
5 guyannensis, Aubl., 240.
Paralia guianensis, Desv., 240.
Patonia (§), 146, 152.
A Walkerii, Wight, 71, 145, 214.
Pishamin, Parkins., 144, 225.
Pisonia buxifolia, Rottb., 67, 107, 117.
Pistachia (sp.), Plukn., 78, 80.
Plumeria Flos-Saturni, Ung., 73, 277.
Porana, Burm., 274, 284.
Pseudo lotus, Cam., 144, 223.
Rhipidostigma, Hassk., 64, 107, 110.
Teijsmanni, Hassk., 74, 137.
55 Zollingeri, Hassk., 74, 138.
Rhododendron Apollinis, Ettingsh., 76, 275
Rospidios, Alph. DC., 64, 66, 145, 146, 155.
3 vaccinioides, Alph. DC., 72, 230.
Royena, Linn., 28, 32, 58,59, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66,
78, 79, 84, 195, 273, tab. 1.
Amalthee, Ung., 77, 273, 274.
ambigua, Vent., 36,47, 67,79, 84,86, 270.
angustifolia, Willd., 67, 83.
brachiata, E. Mey., 71, 85.
”
6.
4, 285, 289.
284, 285, 10 » cistoides, Welw., 35, 48, 78, 79, 87.
cordata, E. Mey., 35, 36, 44, 45, 49, 71,
79, 81, 82, 288.
microcalyx, Ettingsh.,
289.
miinzenbergensis, Ettingsh., 284,
bo
285, 289.
myristicoides, Spruce, 142, 289.
oblongifolia, (Kurz), 124.
oblongifolia, Thw., 41, 75, 112.
obovata, Mart., 74, 127.
ovalifolia, Thw., 41, 76, 113.
Payonii, Alph. DC., 72, 129.
psidioides, Alph. DC., 72, 127
umbellata, Massal., 75, 286.
Maaraisthice Stiehl. Cfr. Macreightia.
Magnoliacee, 63, tab. 1.
Marcreightia, Kurz, 124. Cfr. Macreightia.
Melonia (§), 146, 147, 235.
Monodora microcarpa, Dunal, 69, 144, 246.
cuneata, Poir., 68, 83.
cuneata, Specie ., 8d.
cuneifolia, E. Mey., 71, 85.
decidua, Burch., 48, 49, 69, 85.
euboea, Ung., 77, 273, 274.
falcata, K. Mey., 72, 88.
glabra, Einn., 36, 46, 47, 48, 49, 66, 79,
~ 88.
glandulosa, Harv., 36, 79,89, 288, tab. 1.
greca, Ung., 77, 273, 274.
hirsuta, Eckl., 81.
hirsuta, Jacq., 85.
hirsuta, Linn., 36, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,
66, 79, 83, 270, 272.
38—2
300
Mr HIERN, ON EBENACE.
Royena hirsuta, Sieb., 88.
»”
~~
12 5
EBENACES, 27 ; economic products, 28 ; geographical
distribution, 31 ; lists of numbered collections, 39;
description of the family, 57; affinities, 61, tab. 1;
genera, 63; brief history of the specific names, 65 ;
chronological list of published specific names with
references and localities, 66; description of the
hispidula, Harv., 85, 86.
latifolia, Willd., 68, 84, 90.
lucida, Linn., 30, 35, 36, 45, 46, 49, 66,
79, 80.
lycioides, Desf., 69, 85.
macrophylla, E. Mey., 72, 101.
media, Hort., 71, 90.
microphylla, Burch., 48, 49, 69, 83.
Myosotis, Ung., 77, 273, 274, 284.
myrtifolia, Wendl., 69, 88.
nitens, Harv., 36, 45, 79, 87.
oleifolia, Desf., 85.
opaca, E. Mey., 71, 81.
pallens, Thunb., 35, 36, 44, 45, 46, 47,
48, 49, 67, 78, 79, 85, 86, 87, 270,
288.
parviflora, Hiern, 36, 45, 63, 78, 79, 88.
Pentelici, Ung., 77, 273, 275.
polyandra, Linn. fil., 67, 90, 92.
polyandra, 8, Pers., 86.
pubescens, Willd., 68, 85.
ramulosa, E. Mey., 72, 85.
rufescens, E. Mey., 71, 99.
rugosa, E. Mey., 71, 83.
scabra, Burm., 66, 82.
scabrida, Harv., 35, 45, 79, 82.
scandens, Burch., 49, 82.
sericea, Bernh., 72, 85.
sessilifolia, Hiern, 36, 78, 79, 84, 90.
supra-cordata, Burch., 49, 81.
4 Royena villosa, Linn., 35, 36, 44, 45, 47, 49, 66,
79, 82.
» (sp.) n. 15, Eckl. et Zeyh., 90.
» (sp.) n. 9140, Drege, 90, 94.
Royenia, Auct., 78. Cfr. Royena.
Rymia, Endl., 90.
5 polyandra, Endl., 92, 288.
Sapota nigra, Blanco, 70, 145, 244.
Sapotacee, 62, 63, 270, tab. 1.
Spheeria (sp.), 100.
» Staphylodendron, Herm., 78, 80.
Staphylodendrum, Commelin., 78, 80.
Sterculiacee, 28.
Styracere, 27, 62, 63, tab. 1.
Tamarix, L., 96, 98.
Ternstroemiacee, 62, 63, tab. 1.
1 Tetraclis clusiwfolia, Hiern, 27, 32, 38, 50, 60,
61, 63, 65, 271, tab. 1., tab. x1.
Tetrapteris Harpyiarum, Ung., 73, 279.
Tiliacex, 63, tab. 1.
Trichanthera (§), 64, 107, 110.
Vaccinia, Adans., 57.
Vaccinium (sp.), 78, 145.
53 fragrans, Wall., 73, 230.
= pensylvanicum, Mill., 66, 88.
~ Sprengelii, Wail., 230.
Viola, L., 285.
Vitis Idvea (sp.), Plukn., 78, 88.
Ximenia americana, L., 98.
Xylopia frutescens, Aubl., 269.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
genera and species exclusive of fossils, 78 ; Royena,
78, t. 1.; Euclea, 90, t. m.; Maba, 106, t. Iv.;
Diospyros, 144, tt. v—x; imperfectly known
species of Diospyros, 264; Tetraclis, 271, t. x1. ;
fossil Ebenacer, 272; additions and corrections,
287; alphabetical index of the Latin names, 291.
III. On the equation which determines the form of the strata in Legendre’s and
Laplace's theory of the Figure of the Earth.
[Received Oct. 16, 1871. Read Oct. 30, 1871.]
1. The equation to which the present memoir refers is the following:
ve & 2 1 " d TF yn t3 a” a d Ve —,
=o) patda— aay gen] Pag (Yat )da— 5 |p g (’ + AX —II,=0,
(8) 3°+AX-T1,=0,
(Gy SAN SIME SSF SSO a
and to these of course must be added six similar series of differential equations of the second
order, derived symmetrically from the surfaces wu, and u,.
Observe also that we may write the first (for example) of the Equations on page 497
1 dA, dA dA
= 34,4, +A,A,; B SSS SS iy =
z| as + Os .} ip ? dn, vile dn, = dn, Hee 0
from which probably interesting results might Ate but I must now bear in mind the warning of
our great Novelist, that “We can do nothing safely without some judgment as to where we are to
stop.”
V. The Place of Musie in Education as conceived by AnristotLe (Politics
V. [vu] ec. 3—7).
By Professor JEss.
[Read May 17, 1875.]
THE object of education is to make the man a good citizen, and so to put him in
the way of attaining happiness; that is, the conscious activity of the highest part of
his nature in accordance with the law of his own excellence. Education should be the
same for all the citizens; and in order of time physical training must come first,
moral training second, intellectual training last. The State Education should aim more
at the development of the contemplative than of the practical reason, since the
legislator’s object is to fit the citizen, above all things, for the wise and happy enjoy-
ment of peace. The particular branches of Education, as ordinarily recognised, are,
Aristotle says, four in number:—Grammar, Gymnastic, Music, and (as some reckon)
Drawing. Grammar*, Gymnastict, and Drawingt have evident practical utilities; but
with what object is Music to be taught? This cannot be said to be either such a
direct utility as is the end of Gymnastic, or such as is the end of Grammar and
Drawing. Three objects, Aristotle says, might popularly be assigned: sraideéa, discipline ;
Traidta, pastime; and d:aywyy, the rational employment of leisure. Classified more scien-
tifically, the objects which are to be attained by the study of Music a.e, he concludes,
these three:—zraideia, discipline; Svaywyy, rational amusement; and xa@apors, the purifi-
cation of the emotions.
It is of the third and last especially that I wish to say a few words, with a
view to elucidating, if possible, the exact meaning which Aristotle attached to it, and
which, as it seems to me, is as suggestive for our own day as it is significant of the
Greek feeling towards art universally. But, before coming to xa@apous, it will be worth
while to touch briefly on the two other objects—adéeia and Siaywyn.
I. aideta. The disciplinary value of Music for youthful learners is twofold ;
artistic and moral. Artistic, as educing and training those perceptions which will make
* «For business—for economy—for learning—for political | artistic finish, which guide one (for instance) in purchases,
actions.’ év tots lilos wrios: as making men connoisseurs of art ;
+ mpds vylecav kal ddxnv. above all, as training the sense of beauty in the human
t As fitting to give accurate ideas of shape and of | form.
Vou. XII. Part IL. 67
524 Pror. JEBB, ON THE PLACE OF MUSIC IN EDUCATION
Music a delightful resource in mature life—as, in short, preparing Svayey7. Moral, since,
as we listen to Music, we become zoioé twes: there is a definite affection of the soul;
and, if the Music is rightly chosen, it disciplines the moral nature by establishing in
us the faculty of rejoicing aright—é@ifovea SvvacGar yaipew opOds. For Music can give
us images, duowmata, of certain feelings,—love, hatred, joy, sorrow; and pleasure in the
imitations will create sympathy with the feelings represented. It is peculiar to the
sense of hearing that it can thus be the channel of a moral imitation. The sense of
touch and the sense of taste are not accessible to such suggestion. The sense of sight is
so in only a slight degree. For though forms and colours are, in a way, ethical, or
significant of character, they are so in a different manner from musical sounds or words.
Musical sounds and words are imitative expressions of character and feeling. Forms and
colours are not expressions, but only symbols; they are not opowwpata but onyeia.
Granting, however, that Music as a discipline has potentially this double value, the
artistic and the moral, what kind of Music is to be chosen as especially useful for the
discipline of the young? According to a division which, Aristotle says, had been used by
some scientific writers (tay év didocodia twas) of his day, médy, styles or genera of
Music, were classified as
1. 7OcKa,
9 ,
2. mpaktiKa,
3. evOovovactiKa.
1. The meaning of 70a is explained by the mention of the Dorian pédn as
being 7@ueérata. It is a grave and manly character in music, remote alike from
excitement and from a voluptuous languor.
2. ‘Practical’ Music is that which accompanies and interprets action; — stirring,
vigorous, animated, like martial music, but, on the other hand, steady and _ restrained.
In the Problems Aristotle says that the Hypo-phrygian mode—in which the enthusiasm
of the pure Phrygian was tempered—has an 700s mpaxtuxoy*: and so the iambic trimeter,
as compared with the saltatory tetrameter, is said to be mpaxtixov+—as Horace expresses
it, natum rebus agendis.
3. ‘Enthusiastic’ Musie is such as the Phrygian—a wild, excited strain, fitted to
stimulate the worshippers in the orgiastie rites of Dionysos or Cybele.
Now, for raideia, the Ethical Music is of course to be used,—the Dorian chiefly;
though the Lydian Music may also, Aristotle thinks, satisfy the three conditions —
absence of excess, the limit of what is practicable, and propriety.
But does Music, considered as a part of early training, imply the power of
performing upon any instrument? Aristotle gives two reasons for answering Yes——(i) A
measure of practical knowledge is necessary to make a good judge of Music. (ii) A
musical instrument may be for youths what the wdAatayy of Archytas is for children—
* Arist. Problem, xtx. 41. And hence the reason,"he | passive sympathiser—xndevr7s darpaxtos.
adds, why 7 broppuy.orl was never used in Tragedy by the + Arist. Poet. c. 24, 76 32 lauBixby Kal rerpdmerpoy Kivn-
chorus, which has no part in the action, but is merely a | rind, 76 uev dpxnorexdy, 7d 58 mpakrixdy.
AS CONCEIVED BY ARISTOTLE. 525
a@ means of keeping them out of mischief. But here he states and answers an
objection. May not the pursuit of executive skill in Music degrade the citizen into a
Bavavoos or mechanic? Aristotle answers:—It may do so, if it is carried too far. We
have to fix a limit up to which it may be studied by those who are being trained to
the virtue of a citizen. This limit is determined by two things. First; the learning of
Music must not interfere with other studies. Secondly, the body of the citizen must in
no way be unfitted for war or those exercises which befit free men. No mechanic, any
more than a slave, can do these actions which are according to virtue. Therefore youths
must not enter upon such laborious musical training as is preparatory for the contests
of artists (teyvixol aydves). Nor must they attempt those brilliant pieces of an extra-
ordinary difficulty (ta @avyyacia xal ta mepitta) which have been brought into contests,
and thence into education. In a word—the study of Music must stop short of what
is teyvixy, professional. The feeling of the Greeks in and before Aristotle’s time towards
artistic specialists seems to have varied with the eminence of the artist a good deal
more than it does among us. ‘The artists of genius were recognised as great men.
The ordinary artists were mechanics—men who had gone aside from the true political
life, and whose moral natures were maimed. j
Il. Scayoyn. The distinction between sadva and éssaywyy must be clearly seen.
maidia is mere recreation: it is for the sake of rest (xapw avamavcews), and fulfils its
end if it is pleasant. dsaywy) is something more: it has two elements, corresponding to
the two chief constituents of happiness itself—rd xadov and 70 76v. It is the employ-
ment of leisure in a manner befitting a citizen. Let it be remembered what is Aristotle’s
view of this oyod)*. The soul is of two parts, Rational and Irrational; the Rational is
divided into the Theoretic and the Practical Reason. As the Practical is subordinate to
the Theoretic Reason, so useful or necessary actions are subordinate to noble actions. War
leads up to peace. Work leads up to rest. Bravery and Patience are necessary for work,
ie. ‘Philosophy,’ intellectual culture, is necessary for the right use of rest. Temperance
and Justice are necessary both for work and for rest, The aim of education is to
teach men first how they shall procure, secondly how they shall use, leisure. Greek civili-
sation became more and more developed, the science of leisure—if one may use such a
phrase—was more and more cultivated. Aristotle's word oyoXaotixos means neither
exactly ‘leisurely, nor, of course, ‘scholastic,’ but rather ‘fitted for leisure,’ ie. qualified
to use it intelligently: see Polit. VII. (v1) 8 § 22, and VIII (v.) 11 § 5, pate cyoras
... pate auANGyous oxOAacTiKo’s. ‘As they became more fitted for leisure, he says,
‘through their material resources, and of a loftier spirit towards virtue,—having already,
too, after the Persian wars, been lifted up in spirit by their achievements——they began
to lay hold on all learning, drawing no line—ovédév dvaxpivovres—but pushing their search
onward t.’
Here, then, is the reason of the place held by Music in the mature life of the
normal citizen—it is one of the noblest and most elevating forms of dsaywy7 or rational
* Arist. Pol. v. 14. + v. (vu) 6, § 11.
67—2
526 Pror. JEBB, ON THE PLACE OF MUSIC IN EDUCATION
recreation. And while it is thus a great general instrument of Saywy7, it ministers,
in that quality, to two special purposes—the culture of the intelligence, ¢povnots, and
the purification of the emotions, x«a@apors.
1. To the intelligence it renders, first of all, the service of relaxation, dveous:
secondly, it affords a gentle exercise for the critical faculty in alliance with the imagi-
nation, thus aiding to render the perceptions subtle and exact. Athene’s reason for
throwing away the flute when she had found it, was not, Aristotle suggests, that it
distorted the player’s face, but rather that it contributed nothing to this essential object
of the best Music—culture of the intelligence,
2. What, however, is to be understood by «a@apeus, that purification of the emotions
which is the highest and final moral function of Music?
The word xa@apo.s, as applied to Tragedy in Aristotle’s Poetics, and here, in his
Politics, to Music, has been variously explained.
In the Poetics, Tragedy is described as effecting, by means of pity and terror, the
purification of such passions: 6 édéov cal goBov Tepaivovca thy Taév TowwvTwr Trabn-
patov Kkablapouw,
The explanations which have been suggested are, so far as I know, four in number;
for I set aside the notion, resting on verbal misconceptions, that ta@nwatwv and xa@apois
could mean ‘removal of calamities —the prevention, that is, of such disasters as Tragedy
represents.
1. «xa@apo.s =that moderation of the emotions which results from familiarity with the
objects that excite them: as the passions of pity or terror might be moderated, through
habit, in the physician or the soldier. This explanation is manifestly not only inadequate,
but not specially applicable to tragic fiction.
2. xa@apois =chastisement of the bad passions, effected by pity and terror at what
Tragedy represents. When we see in Tragedy what the bad passions entail, we restrain them,
This view appears untenable when we observe that it excludes pity and terror from the
passions thus chastened; whereas Aristotle says, tév toiovTwv raOnwatwv, such passions—
such, namely, as pity and terror; e.g. love and hatred. Compare Polit. V. (vim) 7 § 5,
tauTo 61) TovTO avayKaiov TacyeW Kal Tos EXeHuovas Kal Tos PoSnTLKOrs Kal Tods ONoUS
ma@ntixovs: where tavTd Tacyew = kaBapcews Tuxeiv.
3. xa@apois =the separation from pity and terror of what is disagreeable or painful
in such emotions when they are excited by real objects, and not, as in Tragedy, by fictions.
Pleasure is doubtless attendant on xa@apots ta@nuatwv: but clearly «a@apors consists in
something more than making an emotion pleasurable; and, moreover, the operation of
xaQapors on the moral nature is manifestly something gradual, and when effected, lasting;
it is not confined to a momentary impression; it is a process, and ultimately a healing of
the soul.
4. xa@apois =‘the correction or refinement of the passions.’ This is Twining’s expla-
nation; it is the nearest, I think, to the truth; but I do not think that he has found
exactly the right point of view. TI will quote his own words * :—
* Twining, Poetics, Vol. u. p. 17.
AS CONCEIVED BY ARISTOTLE. 527
‘The passions of savages, or of men in the first rude stages of civilisation, are fero-
cious and painful. They pity, or they fear, either violently or not at all. With them,
there is hardly any medium between ungovernable agitation and absolute insensibility.
Suppose such a people to have access, like the Athenians, to theatrical representations,
and to have their emotions kept in frequent and pleasurable exercise by fictitious distress ;
the consequence, I think, would be that by degrees they would come to have more feeling
and less perturbation. Instead of sympathetic emotions rarely excited, painfully felt, and
soon extinguished, they would gradually acquire a calm, lasting, and useful habit of general
tenderness and sensibility. The doctrine, therefore, of Aristotle, that tragedy purges the
passions would perhaps only amount to this—that the habitual exercise of the passions by
works of imagination in general, of the serious and pathetic kind (such as Tragedies,
Novels, &c.) has a tendency to soften and refine those passions when excited by real ob-
jects in common life.’
This view appears essentially modern. The idea of softening, refining, correcting,
was certainly not, I think, attached by Aristotle to xa@aipev, cafapos in this relation.
In order to explain what, as I think, he did mean, a few prefatory remarks will be
needful. Winckelmann observes that the two great characteristics of the Greek ideal,
whether in art or in action, are what he calls Heiterkeit and Allgemeinheit; cheerful self-
possession, and generality. The first explains itself; it is repose without sternness or sad-
ness or monotony. The second, generality, is to be understood as the very opposite of
laxity or vagueness; it means the concentration of impressions into types. This generality
is best exemplified in sculpture. There, the character necessarily predominates over the
situation. The sculptor has to choose a type which is intrinsically interesting, indepen-
dently of a special situation or a critical moment: and then he has to present this type
in its broad, central, incisive lines*. This he effects, not by accumulating details, but by
abstracting from them. All that is accidental, that distracts the simple effect of the
supreme types of humanity, all traces in them of the commonness of the world, he
gradually purges away.
Now sculpture is not only the most Greek of Greek Arts+, it is the Greek soul and
nature itself. ‘In its poets and orators, as Hegel says, ‘in its historians and philosophers,
Greece cannot be conceived from a central point, unless one brings, as a key to the un-
derstanding of it, an insight into the ideal forms of sculpture, and regards the images of
statesmen and philosophers as well as epic and dramatic heroes from the artistic point of
view; for those who act, as well as those who create and think, have in those beautiful
days of Greece this plastic character.
As Sculpture purges away the accidental, the common, the disturbing, so it is that
Tragedy and Music xa@atpover ta rajwata. Tragedy moves pity and terror; and Greek
Tragedy moves them by the simple, massive presentation of great issues, from which
the vulgar, the spurious, the petty, the maudlin are excluded; it is the conflict of the
human will with necessity, it is the antithesis between written and unwritten law, it is the
stedfast endurance of suffering incurred in a good cause, it is the duty to Apollo prevailing
over the dread of the Furies. The objects or the issues, however grave, which in real
* See Pater, Studies in the History of the Renaissance, p. 188. + ib. 192.
528 Pror. JEBB, ON THE PLACE OF MUSIC IN EDUCATION
life move such emotions, have seldom this netteté, this clearness of outline and freedom
from alloy. What is the ultimate reason of that offence which persons of ordinary culti-
vation experience when some tragic or horrible occurrence is made the subject of florid
comment? It is that such comment is doing deliberately and violently the very reverse
of what, according to Aristotle, Tragedy has to do; it is using pity and terror not to
clarify but to adulterate the feelings by confounding an essential pathos with its most
trivial or repulsive accidents. A living poet and novelist, whose fictions have some moral
as well as some artistic affinity with Greek Tragedy, was once asked how these works had
been influenced by the study of Sophocles; and the answer was, ‘in the delineation of the
great primary emotions.’
Music also can move pity or terror or the feelings akin to them:
And lo, with thee doth rise
The lord of melodies,
Sovereign of glorious sound, as thou of form:
Love, hate, hope, fear, scorn, wrath, defiance, prayer,
Each at Beethoven’s mandate thrills the air,
The low, sad night-wind or the rushing storm.
And Music, when rightly used, can effect the hkatharsis of these emotions. What Tragedy
does in the sphere of action, 7pd&s, so far idealised as to be represented by great and
simple themes, this Music does in the sphere of moral imitation, 7@c«7) opotwos, whieh 18
peculiar to it. It gives a scope to the emotions from which everything foreign, turbid’
vitiating or perplexing, is banished; it clarifies them; it presents them im a genuine sim-
plicity, and at the same time with a majesty and a power from which even detail which
was not impertinent would still necessarily make some detraction.
In order to see distinctly that the modern and perhaps peculiarly English idea of
toning down, refining, is not necessarily, and if at all, only in a secondary sense, connected
with katharsis, let us look at a striking and suggestive passage in the Politics V. (vul.) 7,
§ 4. Aristotle has just been saying that Music is valuable for the three things, wavdeia,
diaywyn, Kafapors, and has drawn the inference that all the modes, dppoviat, may be ad-
vantageously applied for one or another of these purposes; the most ethical harmonies, for
matdeia ; the practical and the enthusiastic for akroasis—for listening to while other people
play *. But why is enthusiastic music thus universally available? Because, he says, the
emotion which in some souls occurs vehemently, icyvpds, exists originally, daapye, in all
human souls, in some degree: this is true of pity and terror; this is true also, he adds,
of enthusiasm ;—just as Wordsworth says, that the poet is a man who has the common
sensibilities in a higher degree. ‘Some persons,’ Aristotle continues, ‘are liable to the seizure
by this tumult in the soul’—ird tatrns Tis Kunjoews xataxdymuor eiciv. Then he gives an
illustration. So much depends on the exact rendering of the words here, that I must
give the Greek. &« 6d tdv iepdv perav Cpduev tovtovs, Tay ypnowvtat Tois eEopyiatovet
Tiv ux péreot, Kabictauwévous Womep latpeias tvysvtas Kal KaOdpoews, tavTd 8) TodTO
* We must not alter mpds dxpéacw into mpds xd@apow as | of the use mpds dtaywyjv—the cultivation of the intelligence,
Twining does. Aristotle has used the conveniently general | and xa@apots.
word axpéacis precisely because it includes the two elements
AS CONCEIVED BY ARISTOTLE. 529
avayKatov Tacyew Kal Tos €denovas Kal Tos PoBnTiKors Kal Tods GANovs TaOyTLKOUs,
tos 8 dddous Kal’ ’cov émiBadrev Exactovy TovTwY, Kal Tao ylyvecOal Twa KaBapow Kai
kouditecOar we 7 S5ovy5. The point is—Are we to identify ta lepa wédn with ta Tv ~uxnv
efopyrafovta edn? I think it is clear that Aristotle meant to do so; and I render
thus :-—
‘Now, as a result of the sacred chants, we see such persons (viz. those who are
susceptible of enthusiasm in the higher degree), when they have experienced that music
which brings the soul to a frenzy, becoming their true selves (kaOvorapévous*), haying
met, as it were, with that which can heal and purify them, The same thing must needs
be felt by the compassionate, by the timid, in a word, by the emotional, and by the rest
of the world, in such measure as each shares this or that susceptibility. All must
experience a purification, a relief attended by pleasure.’
If this is a right version, then the xa@apous, the tatpefa of these naturally enthusiastic
natures, is nothing else than enthusiasm itself: it consists in their liberation, by the in-
spiring and elevating power of the music, from all that restrains, obscures, or abuses that
divine emotion. It is anything but a toning down or a refinement; it is an exalting, an
intensifying influence.
But an objection might occur. Why should not the sentence be translated thus :—
“We see such persons, after that they have experienced the orgiastic melodies, brought into
their normal state by the sacred melodies’? The ‘epa péAn would thus be tranquillizing
melodies following the é£opyiafovta. Twining, in his introduction to the Poetics, is, however,
clearly right in identifying the iepa with the é£opyafovta. xpnowvta is to be translated
by the English perfect++,—‘when they have used’ or experienced : the catactaots, or pleasurable
subsidence of the soul, is a consequence of the orgiastic music.
To sum up:—Where does Aristotle place Music in Education? He says that, for the
youthful, it is a discipline both artistic and moral; but differs here from the modern view
in requiring such a measure of executive skill as will make the connoisseur a practical
judge; a view inseparable from the Greek conception of art and art-criticism as part of the
complete civic life, but one which has been partly superseded in modern days by the creation
of a scientific wsthetic, bringing principles, ascertained through practice, within the appre-
hension of those who have had no practical experience. For the mature, Music is a noble
recreation, fitted to develope the intelligence, fitted also to purify the emotions; that is,
to detach from the emotions whatever is accident or alloy, and to afford them a field for
their clear and essential exercise. And this without loss of intensity—rather, to the
heightening of true power. Compare two passages in which a Greek poet and an English
poet, eminently not Greek, have made a husband and wife converse on a great distress.
Compare the parting of Hektor and Andromache in the vith Book of the Ziad with the
dialogue between Adam and Eve in the xth Book of Paradise Lost. No one would say,
I think, that the scene in the Jiiad was less strenuous, less intense, less passionate, than
* For xadicrapevovs, ef. Arist. Rhet. 1. 11, where jdovy is | the leading verb is future, by our future perfect: émeidav
defined ‘as xlvyols tis THs Wuxis Kal Kardoracis abpoa Kal | rodro tdw, édebcouar: when I shall have seen this, T shall
alcOyrh els tiv vrdpxovsay picw—‘a settling down, sudden | come: (2) when the leading verb, being in the present
and sensible, into our proper nature.’ indicative, denotes a general truth, by our perfect: drav
+ The aorist subjunctive, after brav, éreddy, érav, isto | rovro tw, dwépxouar: when I have seen this, I (always)
be translated differently in two different cases:—(1) when | depart, Cf. Goodwin, Greek Moods and Tenses, p. 26.
530 Pror. JEBB, ON THE PLACE OF MUSIC IN EDUCATION, &e.
the other. But the xa@apois ta@nwator is effected by the Greek as it surely is not by the
English, and why? Because, in the Jliad, the type is not merged in the person; because
cheerful repose, and generality or typical concentration, are so perfectly preserved in the
Greek*.
How is Aristotle’s view of Music related to Plato's? Much has been said of the
‘antagonism’ between Aristotle and Plato as to music; but I cannot help thinking that
the commentators have confused the thing by dwelling on trivial differences of detail. The
most definite utterance in Plato as to the general power of music is in the Republic
i. pp. 401, 402: where he says, that musical training is so powerful ‘because rhythm
and harmony find their way into the secret places of the soul, on which they mightily
fasten, bearing grace in their movements, and making his soul graceful who is rightly
educated, and his ungraceful who is ill-trained; and also, because he who has received
this true education of the inner being will most shrewdly perceive omissions or faults
in art or nature, and with a true taste, while he praises and rejoices over, and
receives into his soul the good, and becomes noble and good, he will justly blame and
hate the bad, now in the days of his youth, even before he is able to know the reason
of the thing; and when reason comes he will recognise and salute her as a friend with
whom his education has made him long familiar.’
That love for the beautiful which is engendered by Music is, for Plato, an intro-
duction to the more divine Erdés for the Ideas. Here, then, we have a clue to the
essential difference, so far as there is one, between the Platonic and the Aristotelian view
of Music. Plato connects music rather with religion, Aristotle with art; Plato regards it
as a means of evoking, Aristotle of defining enthusiasm. Aristotle’s remark that Plato is
wrong in allowing the Phrygian along with the Dorian mode, while he excludes that in-
strument, namely, the flute, which goes best with the enthusiastic music, seems to show a
certain insensibility to Plato’s spirit. The flute is the instrument which, in Greek music,
marked the divergence of wa@os from pa@now: the use of Music, according to Plato, was
to enlist a divine ma@os in the service of a divine padnots.
There are phenomena of the present day which forcibly suggest the importance of
Aristotle’s view regarding the wniversal moral importance of Music as an element in
education,—I mean the ecstatic movements, whatever special form they may take, and the
passion for excitement. What are these but instances of repressed, untrained, and therefore
ungovernable sensibilities taking the first opening that is offered to them? Experiment
has shown what Music, when it is good enough, can do in educating such sensibilities.
There is one point, however, on which the modern world would differ from Aristotle—the
only important one. The principles of music now rest on a really scientific basis, not on
grounds fully possessed only by special experts, and merely touched by philosophers as part
of a wider domain. Again, the generalisations of esthetic give critics who are not even
specially musicians a stand-point of their own. Aristotle’s plea, therefore, that it is
necessary yewpoupyeiv in order xpitas tév Epywv elvat orrovdaiovs has no longer its Greek
validity, In all else, the modern world may still, perhaps, not scorn to hear the old.
* (i) P. L, x. 720—844, 914—936: (ii) Iliad, yx. 475—571. + Arist. Polit. y. (vi11.) vi. § 9.
CAMBRIDGE ; PRINTED BY C. J, CLAY, M.A., AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
I. Exereises in Curvilinear and Normal Co-ordinates. By the
Rev, James Wiirram Warren, Caius College.
[Read May 7, 1877.]
EXERCISE THE FOURTH,
NoRMAL Co-ORDINATES,
LET us suppose that the equations of three surfaces each contain such suitable
parameters that when these parameters change in value each of the three surfaces may
be made continuously to pass through all space. Clearly the Cartesian co-ordinates of
any point in space may be supposed to be expressed in terms of the equations of three
such surfaces.
U
2?
Now imagine two distinct systems of three such surfaces, call one the system w,, w,, Us,
u, and
and the second the system U,, U,, U,, we shall denote functions of w,, u,, u,
similar functions of U,, U,, U, by the same letters, but we shall dash these letters
in the case of U,, U,, U,, thus we shall have such corresponding symbols as C,,, C,,, &e.
It is clear that im general a surface of the system, w, say, will not coincide with any
surface of the system U,, but we shall now suppose the surfaces u,, u,, u, and
U,, U,, U, to be such that one surface of the system wu, coincides with one surface
of the system U,, and this common surface we shall for the sake of conciseness call
the surface (U, and w,). We make the same hypothesis for the surfaces u, and U,,
u, and U,, so that we have the surfaces (U, and u,) and (U, and w,).
3
It is clear that in general U, is a function of u,, w,, w,, whilst uv, is a function
of U,, U,, and U,: the same remark is of course true for U, and U, and w,, w,; this
being the case we clearly have
du du du
es Hk LEUNG p
Get os te aU a eos
d _du, d , du, a, du, a
uc Hob du, * aU, du, dU, du,
Vou. XII. Parr III. 68
5 o\
32 Rey. J. W. WARREN’S EXERCISES IN
Or
Suppose now the surfaces u, and U, to take up the position (U, and w,), then clearly
we have all over the surface (U, and w,) both du,=0 and dU,=0; therefore since the
relative value of the differentials dU, and dU, are quite arbitrary, we clearly have all
over (U, and wu,) both = =0 and ct =0, and hence clearly we have at the point in space
where the three surfaces (U, and w,), (U, and w,), (U, and u,) intersect (which point
for shortness we may call the “common point”),
du, a du du, du du aU.
1 _— pooeel 2 — —_2 = -_ =
dO aU” ates ata ape do
@u, De eae
qos aa oe
du,
dU? =0, &c.,
d _ du, a> ad du. d ad du, d
iu dae di aah an eG eal a oy
It is clear however that we have no reason for asserting that at the common point
any one of the nine quantities ive aa. , &e. are zero, in fact-it is not true that
this is the case, and one of the first things we shall do is to express these nine quaint
' : 5 : : 3 dA
as linear functions of the nine differential coefficients a Wie ‘
1 2
The notation of this Exercise is the same as that used in my first three Exercises ;
with the following additions, we write
Ass =i: Beni ,=A,; we ,=A,.
(A, SB, (Ay A w! (Ay, Ay)?
Ay,C, = 23,5 Aj Og = 2353 Aggy = 255:
(Anant ¥ Crs iz TT 3 5 (A,, A w! -C,, 7 T; > (4,,4,,)8 7 Cre ad H,..
25, aE TI, | 1 A, A, 1
T, 23, U,,|=4" [Ay 1 A) =o.
tS ross Me
The same symbols dashed will denote the same functions with regard to the dashed or
U system of co-ordinates, and it is clear that at the “common point” we shall have
A,=A,’, &., =,=,', I,=TII/, &, A =A’. When the dashed or U system of co-ordinates
are normal co-ordinates (as we shall generally suppose them to be), we write in place
of A/, =, II,,, &e, the letters A,, S,, P,, of my former Exercises, we then have of
course at the “common oe A,=A,, &e.; where however it must always be carefully
borne in mind that A,, S,, P,,, &c., and the normal B are supposed to be expressed in
29?
terms of n,, 7,, 7,, a “the ten quantities that are strictly equal to them at the
CURVILINEAR AND NORMAL CO-ORDINATES. 533
common point, ze. A,, =
u,, U,, and u,.
p I,,, &e, A are always supposed to be expressed in terms of
du.d dud du, d
dn, du,’ dn, du,’ ‘dn, du,’
(supposed to operate always on functions expressed in terms of U,, Us, Ug, never of m,, Ny, Ny)
neo Oe ae le
by the symbols of abbreviation ra wali ; these symbols, mind, are mere symbols of
1 2
abbreviation, and wherever we see one of ile: it is always supposed to be a mere
We shall also represent the three operating symbols
: d
representative symbol for te ae &e. The object of this Exercise may be now clearly
dn, du,
ce ee < . : a @5 a2, dAe ah
stated, it to deter f poss . 2 1 1 spe
it is to determine if possible the thirty quantities 7 Te ae
dB dA Be 5
an as linear functions of the nine quantities ue &e.; and if we can find thirty
ny ~ dy, du,
such equations true at the “common point” it is tolerably clear that the general equa-
, &e.,
1
tions of normal co-ordinates can be immediately transformed into the general equations
of Curvilinear Co-ordinates, and that in both cases they are similar in form.
A few more matters with regard to notation only need to be explained; we write,
for the sake of conciseness,
Ay Ft An (2 ae — Fil) + As es aie — i) =2 Ky)
Ae oe ‘ (2 Fa ae) +40 (2S dCs, -53)= rs pee (2),
ee ee 6 Fn) = 2%)
4 (UA) allem
A, (3 1, al) 4 Ma 4 nas Lan ena 3)
Age ie ge) age? oe 2
Twelve more equations exist similar to (2) and (8), and of course we have eighteen
similar equations dashed. Lastly let us write
du,=P,,.dn, +P, .dn,+ P,,.dn,
Oe PO Lae Og Fags eb pices de eattaln aa ae ie (4) ;
du, =P,,.dn,+P,,. dn, +P,,. dn,
we have, by what was already stated, at the “common point” P,=0, P,,=0, P=
P,,=0, P,,=0, P,,=0, and it only requires a little consideration to see that we also
have at the common point
68—2
BSE: Rey. J. W. WARREN’S EXERCISES IN
1, a A,} |
P,,=A,; ' PRES ROE EOE «| (5)
1
JES oa ad)
Observe also that the ten quantities A,, =,, II,,, &c, A are all functions of angles.
Our system of notation being thus all clearly explained, I now go on to the direct
object of this exercise. I divide what follows into sections for the sake of clearness;
and our first section will have for its object the problem to express the nine quantities
Cu, du, F : % Sin (AL. DALE
&c. linearly in terms of the nine quantities , &e., where, as already
dn,’ dn dn,’ dv,’ “dv,
explained, Te, &e. are mere abbreviations.
dp,
15
du, du, dA,, dA,,
= dn,dn,’ &e. and dv, > dv, "3 se .
V being any function of w,, w,, u,, and therefore of n,, m,, m,, we in “Exercise the
first” have defined the feta Ags) Aavs) OkGs, sOly/ eas Aen Cees ine
2
(ae) + (Gy) + Ge) ~40 (Ge) +24 Ge ae, FO
hence we clearly must have
«Ge
dV av dV dV a
- &e. = ( ) 24 re (>)
2 el poe een pee
i te is du, du, dn, ‘dn, dn, meet
In Equation (6) write V equal to u,, or u,, or u,, and we immediately obtain three
equations, one of which is
ue (sa) (3) 3) 2A du, du, od du, du, 9 DA du, du, 0;
dn, dn,) * \dn, 7 dn, fie ae in, dn, °dn, dn,”
differentiate now both sides of the equation (7) in succession with regard to »,, n,,
and n,, we easily obtain
dA, _ of Uy ig du, my du,
du 2 ane ~~? dn, dn, ° dn, ¢ dig?
1
bo
dA,, (4") du,
du, AS dn, dn,
dA, 2(As y, au,
dis, A. dn, dn,
CURVILINEAR AND NORMAL CO-ORDINATES. D390
We can clearly therefore write down the following nine equations:
du, ss 1 dA,, aa AN dA,, ee dA,,
dn? Ee Oni AE da A id, ) 7
Mu, _ (da, a A,, dA, = AR dA)
dnt 2, aus (AL dun Ax dias :
du, 1 {is eas ase dA.)
dno” 2 \duk. 7A, du,” As du.) ’
‘ Sie Te Be Wl sda oie (8).
du, 1 (42) dA,, . du, _1 Au! dA,,
Gnvdn,-2\A_) aie? , dngdn,~ 2 ae ~ du,’
du, _1 ral dA,, du, _1 ao) dA,,
dn,dn, 2 ‘Fe du, dn,dn, 2 ae * G”
du, _1 ay dA,, dite al (42) dA,,
dn,dn, 2 . a du dn,dn, 2 Ae du,
Thus we have accomplished the object of this article.
I now proceed to article the second.
1D.
dA, dA, - dA, LS) i One : dA,
= > in) : @ Tea See Car a as 0r dy, » Sie.r .
Let us in equation (6) write V equal to w,—X.w, where X is any indeterminate,
then equate the coefficients of ’ on both sides, we instantly obtain
Ap ee Nie ata i ena,
3 dn, dn, dn, dn, dn, dn,
+A
(du, du, fe du, oe
1 (dn, dn, dn, dn,
(du, du, | du, au
2 (dn, dn, dn, dn,
du, da, du, du)
8 \dn, dn, ~ dn, dn,
+A
Now differentiate both sides of this equation (9) in succession with regard to n,,
n, and n,, and then suppose that we are at the “common point,” we clearly obtain
3
du, dA,, _ du, du, dA, du, du, n du, du,
dn, du, dn, dn, dn, ‘dn, dn,dn, '~ ‘dn, dn,dn,’
536 Rey. J. W. WARREN’S EXERCISES IN
or substituting from system (8),
a ( A. ie As f e2) Tiny} (AyAe) daa)
dn, \A_ A.) dug Oa A= A du, 2 i
22 33 22
therefore clearly we have
dn, ~ "du, \(4,,4,)3
dA, dA,
or finally, a amd
wcie nie cen p00 6060 0.0.00 60D 000.0 00 Be c10\01000 VOC C eee 0.000.000 cvcnenedcciescnecicevvedesecveviciace ravce
We also clearly have
du, dA,, du, du, GA, du, du, " du, du,
dn, du, ~ dn, dn, dn, dn, ° dn,dn, * dn, dn, dn,
e du, d*u, 4 Ms ios
* (dn, dn,dn, ° dn, dn,*) ’
or substituting from system (8),
dA, = pe dA,, —_ A, dA,, gE As dA,,
dn, ~ A, du, 2A, du, 2A,,.A,2 du,
eo ee esas Roe — dA, Ay “e)|
2A,,.A,, |4,,% du, = \ du, AZ du, “Agrdu, }}*
and this clearly may be written in the form
dA, = 4 d A 1 dA,, hos te -
dn, = A,.? du, ee. =r 2A,2 A, {(4u4n = AA) “du, (4. AA) du, ’
but by the formule given in Exercise the first,
(A, A,, = A,, A.) = 2 =
B A= A? ?
toes 93.
(A,, a A,,. A,,) = a = Ay fs. As: Oy = z : AeA ’
so that clearly we may write
d\ 1
es 1 SEO an
cy, 2a ae {t, ana
CURVILINEAR AND NORMAL CO-ORDINATES.
or
“I
Hence by symmetry we may obviously write down the nine formule
dA, _ dA,
dn, ~ dv,”
dA, dA,
dn, dy,’
dA,_ dA,
dn, dv,’
dA, > dA, a a Sr dA,, _ os das
din dy) 2A AS 18 dy, Oh \\
dA, dA, 1 ( dae os dA,
qn eta ae os es =| tt eee (10).
dA, dA, 1 WA ia ten)
dn, dv, 2A? A, {0, dv, aaa dv. J 4
Apes alae n eatadh lee coal
due dv QAP ASS 3 dv, 720 z
dA, dA, iL dA,, dA,
an, du, ZASYA- {t, dv, a = ;
dA, dA, 1 f dA,, dA,,
die diag a2 Asean ps dy 2%, a |
We have thus accomplished the object proposed in the second section, and accord-
ingly go on to third section.
dil,,
dy,
?
(8-5
)
The operating symbols
aP,
es .
and
&
dn, dn,
d
a +P
+ P.
iil.
11
) be. linearly in terms of =
1
5 we} =
d d
ie Lp?
31
(P
are clearly equivalent.
following operational formulz are true,
a
™ div,
21
du,
d
ae (Pa aoe da)
da) 8
Hence it is easy to deduce that at the common point the
& du, d
dn? = i du, dn, du, oe eee eee eee eee ee el 1),
(a , @ du, d@, du, ad Z
dn, dn, — (Ax A,,)? du, du, + dn, dn, . du, dn, dn, du, eee eee ewan eee eneee (12
538 Rev. J. W. WARREN’S EXERCISES IN
Operate with these symbols on the Cartesian co-ordinates of a point and substitute in
such expressions as
dz da , dy Ty dz @z
dn, dn? dn, dn? * dn, dn,’
de dx dy dy dz dz
dn, dn, dn, , dn, dn, dn, Zs dn, dn, dn,’
we easily thus deduce the four following typical equations :
7 ae a Ba, aeOe | nénasdooneaocangsoc* (13),
dP... as. pa eel an) } Cu,
Fe gata An Aad Ge — 3 Tan) tA Cu Gaede RSH. (14),
dS, e ell dC, 3 { Tu, Pu, :
dn, ut A . 2d Uy + A,3 ou dn, ia + GR dn, dn, eee enw ewe eens (15),
dP. dP. ae dC,, , aC, v2) } du, du,
aay 7a aie cee Aya)? Ca ‘ du, du, : a a
Now first let us consider formule (13). Suppose that we substitute in it for = from
me |
the group of formule (8), we clearly obtain
d&,_ Ae, dy, My _ Cy4y dy _ CyAn Ay
dn, 2 "1 du, uy Ay as i ail
which clearly may be written in the form
dS, _d>,_ Cy, dA, =
tae aa {a5 d A, a shcTUnnaSGbSabeHUAASGeSbOADoR Doce (17).
Again, let us consider the formula (15) and substitute from the group of formule (8),
we clearly obtain
dAje Cea Oa
aay. 2A, dy,’
so that clearly we have
dS, _d>,, Il, dA,
dn, dv, 2A,,° dp
Again, from the formula (16) and its analogues we can easily deduce the result
dP i dC,
7 5 Ue zal) du,
s(n eu, Pu i Pu, du, ) .
as {¢ dn,dn, + 1s pas + 4's [On dn, dn, +O dn “an Sips
and making use of formula (8) as in ee two cases we easily obtain the result
Hig dit 1 ( dA.
ahi tng aah HS shea deo Vepes sa uasebaancee este 19).
dn, dv, +34, ths = +I], ae } dei (19)
CURVILINEAR AND NORMAL CO-ORDINATES. 539
Lastly, suppose that we take the sum of formule (14) and (15), we then clearly obtain
2 , < } Mu, Tu, Gu,
dn, ~ 0" * ” du, Arn gi Oe es pao Cx aa dazt Cy dn,dn,’
hence substituting from the group of formule (8) we clearly obtain that
,dA, Add, A,*A,, set
Fe enone oe du, rae Oy, Ap Fe 2 dy
1(/A,\3dA 1 (dA,
+63 (a2) “Goth # Goa (ah
hence clearly we obtain that
CIRCA ee dA dA,
eo e+ 3a, (OB All) Ge A
It is clear that the group of formule of which (17)...(20) form a part are eighteen
in number; it is perhaps needless to write them all down, but I shall give six for the
sake of reference, and the others can be formed by a cyclic change of suffixes.
aS, _ a, =, f dA,, dA,,) )
dn, dy ~ Ay" Mey T Ae an |
dS, _ dz, 1 dA,,
dn, ‘a dv, a 2A., 4 Ts ; dy,
aS, d& 1 dA, )
fg ae T 94 { ies a J
(21)
dP,, dil, 1 a HA A ET ee
Se SS
dn, dy, 2A,, ” dy, dv,
dP., = dll, 1 ( os a “ot
dn, dv, BAe NOs A,M,,). 7" —A,U,.- i.
CEs dii,, it os as a
dn, dv, — OOM pe; {\@s,-A,0,) Pe AI, ”,
There are six more formule similar to the first three, and six similar to the last three,
which the reader can easily write down.
If we examine the groups of formule (10) and (21), we find that they are governed
by a series of remarkable symmetrical laws; firstly, none of the three differential co-
dA, dA, dA
efficients —";
du, due? du,
that we differentiate with, the same double suffix enters the A, ze. m, and A,, are
associated, but m, and A,, are never associated; thirdly, A,, A, and A, enter m a
logarithmic form. Other laws may also strike the reader. I now proceed to the fourth
%3 enter our formule; secondly, whatever suffix appears in the x
section.
Vou. XII. Parr Iii. 69
540 Rey. J. W. WARREN’S EXERCISES IN
I
CBS MGAN by a : CAT:
i( a = &e. linearly in terms of ae &e, j
B we have defined in “Exercise the first,’ A we have defined in this Exercise, the
relation between A and B is shortly stated by the formula
PB’ is the B of normal co-ordinates, at the “common point” we have of course A4=8’
Now it is clear from the definitions of A and B that we have
\
ao ee oA, +P, . dd, +Py. a4,|
as | a oe eee (23).
C4 a1, . dA +T1,. dA, +1, - dA, |
Now the differentiation may be performed with regard to n,, or n,, or n,; take for example
n,, then by substitution from the group of formuli (10) we easily obtain that
_i dB _ 1 dA My M1, {tas gs GA,
Bin A ty, 2A :
a idvs aca dv,
ae It dA,,_ os dA,,)
tom A. eau HS)
But II, 11,, — 22,- fi, = toe
DET 2 See We Anes
hence clearly we may write down the three formule,
qB dA A dA,, dA,,) }
dn, dv, 2A, {A, dv, +A, dy, +}
dB a A dA,, dA, 9
dn, - = v, — aye { 3 av + A, dv. er (24),
ies es A dA,, dA,,
dn, dy, 2A,, 1, ‘dv, TAs dy, I
The reader will observe that the three symmetrical laws mentioned at close of section II.
hold also for these last three formule. I now proceed to the fifth section.
Wi
{Connection between (K,,)', &c., (K,,), Key (,), &e}
We have already defined (K,), &c. and (K,,),, the only difference between them
being that the former has reference to normal co-ordinates, the latter to general
CURVILINEAR AND NORMAL CO-ORDINATES. 541
curvilinear co-ordinates. It renee to define (i,,); &e. We do so thus: let («,,), &e. be the
same function of A,A,A,, >,>,>,, I,,[;,I1,,, and A, that (K’,,), &e. is of A,A,A,, 88,8,
2™3?
IP._IP Je os RIL Ee Gonsbec cone cob conbe 0b 660e 0oag0aco CECCOSOSE CHE OOET SI COBaCOSEOGUEO DEG qpECoD COSI COnerccroosOcccpogar
237° 13
Now let us make use first of the four typical formule (13) (14) (15) and (16),
and next of the group of formule (21); substituting the values in formule (2) and (3)
we easily obtain the followmg group of formule:
: 1 @¢
K,,), =4,2. (K,),+ zy.
( ap ll ( Cia)s A, s dn,’
———
fake
(ia) + A! .(K, ay
(K,,). = A, any (K,) 3
c&,),= (4948),
il
Ih ker
A,} ‘dn,dn,
lL du, |
2'8 " A 3 dn,dn,
(a); —4, - (K+
(ee
There are twelve more similar formule.
We also have eighteen formule comnecting (K,,), &c., and (x,,), &¢, but as we
shall make in this exercise no use of these last formule it is hardly needful to write
them down. Consider now for a moment the group of formule (25); we can clearly
deduce from them the following two important equations:
()e— Bead) = (A (Bade — Bia « Bada veceee (6),
{(K.), Ci (K, vie (kK, sat = (A, . A,,)3 {(K, ia (K, i ia (K, he (K.,),}
A..\3 Tu au, } Cu, a
ae eal 5 Kas ind Fs (4 y (K, 31 dn dn dn, — (An. Ass) . (K, Qh. dn= = eal (20)>
Formula 26 shows us that the formula m= — pa page 516, “Exercise the third”, being
12
proved to be true by normal co-ordinates must be true in general, and formula (27)
enables us to derive last example given in “Exercise the third” from the corresponding
equation proved for normal co-ordinates, I now proceed with the sixth section.
69—2
542 Rey. J. W. WARREN’S EXERCISES IN
Vile
(37 SS BaP ees Li, Ge eal os
[ane anda, ~at) Aaa 3 eb Maga, 2 dt) & |
a |
| expressed i in terms of ia dn, ze J
: 4 Tu, « :
In order to make our formule as concise as possible we use here Ga &e., in place of
1
dA, &e.; the group of formule (8) however give us the former nine quantities as linear
U
functions of the last nine.
Write for conciseness the quantities in brackets in first line of this section equal
to m, and m, respectively. It has been mentioned in the previous Exercises that
it oe Fat ge. dy dz dz
SeNdres “ane dn,” 2 tan? dn,’
Px it d*y y- dz iS
Saree = (aoe (aa 3
Hence substituting the values of aa &e., found by means of formule (11) and (12),
1
we easily obtain that
° : ° 1
TS, CP an, 4n{ 1 = On dt Cate lh. oot
|
~ dn2 ee en 2 du, dhé, 2 du,
dC, 1dC,\ Gu, ao a dC, du
7 ao ae 7) ( 5 )
120, du, 34C,, du,
Ee te dain, Ana) ag daar
-C (au a (5 Pu, eu, Pu, ) du, \*
4 \dn,dn, dn,**dn ~ dndn,*dn,dn,/ — = (Gada)
We now use this same method to transform the quantity
> &8, E dP, cP. Cid
aoe “dn, dn,° v dn,dn, re dn,dn,
dite ae - 2 du,
2
“dn,
(28).
+C
12
|
J
This quantity for conciseness we shall represent by the letter U’,. We then have, as already
stated in “Exercise the second,”
fo dz, dy ty | te a
~ dndn,* dnidn,* dndn, dn dn, + dn,dn, * dn,dn,’
ta Wx - <4 Gy Ge ae
dn, dndn, dn? dnjdn, dn? dn dn,’
CURVILINEAR AND NORMAL CO-ORDINATES. 545
Now make use of formule (11) and (12). We easily find by mere substitution that
il {2 as, ie Ci ee aP. )
2 ("dn dn, * dn? dn,dn, dn,dn,J
is equal to
a Aad) ae PCy aie a aC.,
du, aie + du? du,du, du,du,)-
,4 way { du, dC, 4 PU, aC, aC, aC,
dn, ae an cede ( du, du, y du, )
ete (A,,A,,)° du, dC, + du, (" Gc; dC, as a)
2 dn,dn, du, dn,dn, du, du,
& (ARAL ot jel dC, a a)
2 (dn? (aa du, du,
ay, du, (dC,, me! 2) ze du, (ac... 1 =)
4 (dn dn, ( du, 2du,/ dn,dn, lea 72 du,
du, au, du, @u,
1 dn, di, dn, oy *dn,dn, dn,dn,
+0. jy @u du, du, Pu,
2 dn} di, dn,¢ dn, dn,’ * dn, dn,
(du, du, du, du, a
a2 Obes aie ie ay as diet dan lc ae ee ae es (29).
We shall now conclude this Exercise with one more section; and as a partial verifi-
eation of the formule we have arrived at, it shall be devoted to a deduction of the
Equations of Orthogonal Curvilinear Co-ordinates from the corresponding formule of Normal
Co-ordinates.
Vi
{Passage from Normal Co-ordinates to Orthogonal Curvilinear Co-ordinates.}
A system of Normal Co-ordinates it is clear cannot in general be also a system of
Orthogonal Co-ordinates; that is to say, for every position they assume in space, yet one
position of our normal co-ordinate surfaces can clearly be always made orthogonal. We
assume such to be the case, and shall now substitute in the Equations given on pages
497 and 498 of Exercise the second from formule 10, 21, 24, 28 and 29 of this Exercise.
544 Rey. J. W. WARREN'S EXERCISES IN
First, consider the formule on top of page 497, Exercise the second. It consists of
four distinct portions, so to speak, and bearing in mind that for orthogonal co-ordinates
we must have 25,=1, 25,=1, 25,=1, I,,=0, II,,=0, U,,=0, A=1, a little considera-
tion shows that the last three of these portions in the case of orthogonal co-ordinates
are zero, there remains therefore only the first line, ze. 1, transformed, or in fact, our
Equation 29. Let us write then in Equation 29,
C,, = 0, Oh = (0) C., = 9,
AiG =1, A,.C,. = 1, Ale (OL =1;
du, ail 4m)! dA,, > oP (Gal A,,)? dC,
dn,dn, 2 Ge 7 dae 2Cw eda.
du, iJ (A,, A,,)} dC,
dias Se" aa B00 2° oa,”
oes _(4,4)* dC,
dn, dn, = cecccvcccccsecessccese 2 j C., = dit, :
dru, _ eae aC,,
PATE ay vee Cee eae
Now substitute these values in equation 29, multiply by 2, divide by 4,,. (A,,.A,,)!;
we then obtain ‘
OC a Cd, ele BOOS aC Gand Come
du,du, 2C,, du, du, 2C,, du, du, -2C,, du, du,
0.0 GOr
and this is the same as the second equation given on page 499 “Exercise the second.”
Lastly, we give a short sketch of how we are to transform the equation on top
of page 498, Exercise the second. It also consists of four portions or lines; the Jirst
line gives us, by aid of formula (28) after dividing by 4, A,, and multiplying by 2,
POO Wile dG iod Cams Oh ane
— C= 22
du,* du, 2C, du, du, 20, du, du,
3 (2) A (86a |
2 an aa. (ae 5 Sas teeee nese Cesceameete tee (a);
the second line, that is to say A, contributes the terms
: 1 aC, dG. i dO. d0, «dO. aC.
16C,,0,C, du, ' du, d }
POR du, du, LeCim du, du, du,
the third line it is easily seen by aid of formula (24) can contribute no terms.
And lastly, by aid of formula (10) it is easy to see that the fourth or determinant
portion contributes the terms
1 aC, dC, d0,, d0,, .d0,, dd,
, 60,0 mae du, * du, du, mon du, y <: DAG (7).
11 ~ 22
CURVILINEAR AND NORMAL CO-ORDINATES. 545
Now divide (8) and (y) by 4A,,A,,, multiply them by 2, add them to (a), and
we obtain
Oye Ounemnd Cs aCn at 2d0) dG.
eS east pees eit es
2 Py 6Yal p 5Yal :
du, du 2C, du, du, 2C,, du, ° du,
22
Sel a) = LT /aGeNe
2C,, ( du, 2C 10 ae )
ld, aCe ,
> oy Tin ae cere ccnnnnsecccerecceseversecees (31) ;
33
and this agrees with the first equation of page 499 “ Exercise the second.”
March, 1877.
aed ~ =
wes
oF ra
nee, a a6 | ao
If. On Boltzmann's Theorem on the average distribution of energy in a system
of material points. By Professor J. Crerk Maxwett,
[Read May 6, 1878.]
Dr Lupwic Boirzmany, in his “Studien iiber das Gleichgewicht der lebendigen Kraft
zwischen bewegten materiellen Punkten” [Sitzb. d. k. Akad. Wien, Bd. Lvur, 8 Oct.
1868], has devoted his third section to the general solution of the problem of the equi-
librium of kinetic energy among a finite number of material points. His method of
treatment is ingenious, and, as far as I can see, satisfactory, but I think that a problem
of such primary importance in molecular science ought to be scrutinized and examined
on eyery side, so that as many persons as possible may be enabled to follow the demon-
stration, and to know on what assumptions it rests. This is more especially necessary
when the assumptions relate to the degree of irregularity to be expected in the motion
of a system whose motion is not completely known.
Mr H, W. Watson, in his Treatise on the Kinetic Theory of Gases*, has developed
with great clearness the steps of the investigation of the distribution of energy among
a set of particles which are supposed to act on each other only at very small distances.
The particles may be acted on by external forces such as gravity, but it is expressly
stipulated that the time during which a particle is encountering other particles is very
small compared with the time during which there is no sensible action between it and
other particles; and also that the time during which a particle is simultaneously within
the distance of molecular action of more than one other particle may be neglected.
Now this method of treating the question, however necessary 1t may be in the
subsequent investigation of the processes of diffusion, &c. in gases, is inapplicable to the
theory of the equilibrium of temperature in liquids and solids, for in these bodies the
particles are never free from the action of neighbouring particles. It is true that in
following the steps of the investigation, as given either by Boltzmann or by Watson,
it is difficult, if not impossible, to see where the stipulation about the shortness and
the isolation of the encounters is made use of. We may almost say that it is intro-
duced rather for the sake of enabling the reader to form a more definite mental image
* Clarendon Press Series, 1876.
WO, SOU, we UL 70
048 Pror. CLERK MAXWELL ON BOLTZMANN'S THEOREM ON THE AVERAGE
of the material system than as a condition of the demonstration. Be this as it may,
the presence of such a stipulation in the enunciation of the problem cannot fail to leave
in the mind of the reader the impression of a corresponding limitation in the generality
of the solution.
In the theorem of Boltzmann which we have now to consider there is no such
limitation. The material pots may act on each other at all distances, and according
to any law which is consistent with the conservation of energy, and they may also be
acted on by any forces external to the system provided these also are consistent with
that law.
The only assumption which is necessary for the direct proof is that the system, if
left to itself in its actual state of motion, will, sooner or later, pass through every
phase which is consistent with the equation of energy.
Now it is manifest that there are cases in which this does not take place. The
motion of a system not acted on by external forces satisfies six equations besides the
equation of energy, so that the system cannot pass through those phases, which, though
they satisfy the equation of energy, do not also satisfy these six equations,
Again, there may be particular laws of force, as for instance that according to which
the stress between two particles is proportional to the distance between them, for which
the whole motion repeats itself after a finite time. In such cases a particular value of
one variable corresponds to a particular value of each of the other variables, so that
phases formed by sets of values of the variables which do not correspond cannot occur,
though they may satisfy the seven general equations.
But if we suppose that the material particles, or some of them, occasionally encounter
a fixed obstacle such as the sides of a vessel containing the particles, then, except for
special forms of the surface of this obstacle, each encounter will introduce a disturbance
into the motion of the system, so that it will pass from one undisturbed path into
another. The two paths must both satisfy the equation of energy, and they must inter-
sect each other in the phase for which the conditions of encounter with the fixed
obstacle are satisfied, but they are not subject to the equations of momentum, It is
difficult in a case of such extreme complexity to arrive at a thoroughly satisfactory con-
clusion, but we may with considerable confidence assert that except for particular forms
of the surface of the fixed obstacle, the system will sooner or later, after a sufficient
number of encounters, pass through every phase consistent with the equation of energy.
I shall begin with the case in which the system is supposed to be contained within
a fixed vessel, and shall afterwards consider the case of a free system, or of a system
contained in a vessel rotating uniformly about an axis which itself moves uniformly in
a straight line. |
I have found it convenient, instead of considering one system of material particles,
to consider a large number of systems similar to each other in all respects except in
the initial circumstances of the motion, which are supposed to vary from system to system,
the total energy being the same in all. In the statistical investigation of the motion,
DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY IN A SYSTEM OF MATERIAL POINTS. 549
we confine our attention to the number of these systems which at a given time are
in a phase such that the variables which define it lie within given limits,
If the number of systems which are in a given phase (defined with respect to con-
figuration and velocity) does not vary with the time, the distribution of the systems is
said to be steady.
It is shown that if the distribution is steady, a certain function of the variables
must be constant for all phases belonging to the same path. If the path passes through
all phases consistent with the equation of energy, this function must be constant
for all such phases. If however there are phases consistent with the equation of energy,
but which do not belong to the same path, the value of the function may be different
for such phases.
But whether we are able or not to prove that the constancy of this function is
a necessary condition of a steady distribution, it is manifest that if the function is initially
constant for all phases consistent with the equation of energy, it will remain so during
the motion, This therefore is one solution, if not the only solution, of the problem of
a steady distribution,
Now we know from the empirical laws of the diffusion of heat that the problem
of the equilibrium of temperature in an isolated material system has one and only one
solution. But we have found one solution of the problem of equilibrium of energy in
a system of material points in motion, If, therefore, the real material system in which
the equilibrium of temperature takes place is capable of being accurately represented
by a system of material points (as defined in pure dynamics) acting on each other according
to determinate, though unknown, laws, then the mathematical condition of the equi-
librium of energy must be the dynamical representative of the physical condition of the
equality of temperature.
It appears from the theorem that in the ultimate state of the system the average
kinetic energy of two given portions of the system must be in the ratio of the number
of degrees of freedom of those portions. This, therefore, must be the condition of the
equality of temperature of the two portions of the system.
Hence at a given temperature the total kinetic energy of a material system must
be the product of the number of degrees of freedom of that system into a constant
which is the same for all substances at that temperature, being in fact the temperature
on the thermodynamic scale multiplied by an absolute constant.
If the temperature, therefore, is raised by unity, the kinetic energy is increased by
the product of the number of degrees of freedom into the absolute constant.
The observed specific heat of the body, expressed in dynamical measure, is the in-
crement of the total energy when the temperature is increased by unity. The observed
specific heat cannot therefore be less than the product of the number of degrees of
70—2
550 Pror, CLERK MAXWELL ON BOLTZMANN’S THEOREM ON THE AVERAGE
freedom into the absolute constant, unless the potential energy diminishes as the tem-
perature rises,
Dynamical Specification of the motzon.
We shall begin by supposing the material system to be of the most general type,
having its configuration determined by the n variables q,,q,-..g,, and its motion deter-
mined by the corresponding momenta p,, p,...p,. The state of the system at any instant
is completely defined if we know the values of these 2n variables for that instant.
We shall suppose the forces acting between the parts of the system to be of the
most general kind consistent with the conservation of energy. This may be expressed
by defining JV, the potential energy of the system, as a function of g,...q,, the variables
which define the configuration,
The kinetic energy of the system is denoted by Z. We shall suppose it to be
expressed in terms of the g’s and p’s as in Hamilton’s method. The total energy is
denoted by
BV $F De wtavekerseevtsss uxgeroeorcdevsaneererae bostaeeas (1),
and is a constant during the motion of the system.
Hamilton’s equations of motion for this system are
oq, dE 2
oa dj Ree Se aha 9 ae =),
Op, _dE 3
Ot dq," eee tee cove cceccenerecasevtececeserncesavesbevsace ( );
where g, and p, are the co-ordinate and the momentum corresponding to each other.
Let us now consider a finite motion of the system. Let the initial co-ordinates and
momenta be distinguished by accented letters, and the final co-ordinates and momenta
by the same letters unaccented.
To define completely such a motion requires 2n+1 variables to be given. These
may be the n initial co-ordinates, the n initial momenta, and the time occupied by the
motion.
There is another method however in which the 2n+1 variables are the mn initial
co-ordinates, the n final co-ordinates, and the total energy. When these quantities are
given there are in general only a finite number of possible motions.
i
o
Ot
DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY IN A SYSTEM OF MATERIAL POINTS.
Definition of the “ Action” of the system during the motion.
Twice the time integral of the kinetic energy, taken from the beginning to the
end of the motion, and expressed in terms of the initial and final co-ordinates and of
the total energy, is called the “Action” of the system during the motion. If we denote
it by A,
and is expressed as a function of q,’...g,’, 7,-..g,, and F#.
It is shewn in treatises on dynamics* that
dA ; z
qe Mie caciecsecacesseberaccabecsvacveuseeetsanthestotoebeieeace (5),
dA =
and aaa I/D soeeosadubaqoadODnSODNObeRonoabondoDaboD90e saoNcdosOLE sccocd (9):
dp, _ a Gane dps =
Hence aa ap =— CPi reat oe Meer as (7).
The indices r and s in this equation may be the same or different.
Also if ¢ and ¢ are the values of the time at the beginning and at the end of the
motion,
dA ,
WE =] ic a0donocsonsdccaenccpan coddeocouugsedtonoeoacnd (8)
dp,__ dt’ dp, __ dt
Hence dE = dq, (9) and dE = dq. einiele/ere/s'o wis\eib/ela\ctn'efaiethis|utslelv\e aisicinatals (10).
In the course of our investigation we shall have to compare the product of the
differentials of the co-ordinates and momenta at the beginning of the motion with the
corresponding product at the end of the motion. We shall write for brevity ds=dg,...dq,
for the product of the differentials of the co-ordinates, and ds=dp, ...dp, for the product
of the differentials of the momenta, and we shall use the product ds'dsd# as a middle
term in comparing ds'do'dt’ with dsdedt.
ng ong , dp, dp,, dt’
j = > oe eeee aoe I acu de saicaanwaeatecans os
Now dsdo‘dt = ds dsdE & + ( ae 7 (1),
dp, dp,, x)
= 1 a
where S+ ( agers dq, di
denotes the functional determinant
dp, dp; dp,
Gos dy? di
dp, py Ug. | weve vesetreceereeesnereeenees (12)
ihe i de
lige haiti a
dq, > teeeee dq, , dE
* Thomson and Tait’s Natural Philosophy, § 330.
552 Pror. CLERK MAXWELL ON BOLTZMANN’S THEOREM ON THE AVERAGE
Substituting for the elements of this determinant their values as given by equations
(7), (9), and (10) it becomes
ie De i See ahs
pets ot dq,’ dq,
_ dp, i dp, = dt | ‘Sc Sin aves de HERA ESO Eee (13)
qqe ae de
dp, DL A |
— pe dB? ~ dE
Now the rows in this determinant are the same as the columns in the former one;
the accented and unaccented letters being exchanged and the signs of all the elements
changed. We may therefore express the relation between the two determinants in the
abbreviated form
dp, dp, sn) a dp dp, dt
Z+(—2 —,)=(- ee a a) evict e deaercteier ).
Se ( de dee dE) TON" St ( Teton get a) (14)
a es 3 dp; dp at
Hence ds'do'dt = ds'dsdE + Ga ome a 7m)
j dp dp, at
=(-)" DH (4 o.. a
=(-)"'ds'dsdB'S + ( ode a 7)
= (—)"" dodsdt
= USAT Ak. demas scan sedecadnaies nae Rene onan tase a aCe (15)
If we suppose the time, ¢—t’, to be given, dt=dt' and
CS AG = GAG as. eciecadeysyucusbeoasens cinsteaeaeeseeee (16),
or GQ. snatee dn’ Up,’ ssse-s dp,) = dg, scans dq, Op, ..... OD sastescxcdatoestt (17).
The initial state of the system is a function of 2n variables. We have hitherto
supposed these to be the m co-ordinates and the n momenta, but since the total energy
is a function of these variables we may substitute for one of the momenta, say p,’, its
value in terms of the n co-ordinates, the »—1 remaining momenta, and JZ, and thus
express every quantity we have to deal with in terms of the latter set of variables.
Then since by equation (2)
dE _0q,_.,
dp ar qi, ei dlujevoimce ‘aipracs al claveimteimia/aelbya\ecasareletainy ai aiaralcrnaratetaeeen (18),
UC ian laser QQ Opi. seckns Op, =. dg," 0-04. dg.) dps ...00. dp, dE 7 scaenee Sane (19)
DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY IN A SYSTEM OF MATERIAL POINTS. 553
The left-hand members of these equations have been proved equal, and in the right-
hand members d# is the same at the beginning and end of the motion. Dividing out dE
we find
This equation is applicable to the case in which the total energy is supposed not to
vary from one particular instance of the motion to another, and in which, therefore, the
2n variables are no longer independent, but, being subject to the equation of energy, are
reduced to 2n—1.
Statistical Specification.
We have hitherto, in speaking of a phase of the motion of the system, supposed it
to be defined by the values of the n co-ordinates and the n momenta. We shall call the
phase so defined the phase (pg). We shall now adopt a wider definition by saying that
the system is in the phase (a,b) whenever the values of the co-ordinates are such that q,
is between 6, and b,+db,, g, between b, and b,+db,, and so on; also p, between a, and
a,+da,, and so on. The limits of the first component of momentum, p,, are not specified,
because the value of p, is not independent of the other variables, being given in terms of
E and the other 2n—1 variables in virtue of the equation of energy.
The quantities a, b are of the same kind as p and q respectively, only they are noi
supposed to vary on account of the motion of the system. In the statistical method of
investigation, we do not follow the system during its motion, but we fix our attention on a
particular phase, and ascertain whether the system is in that phase or not, and also when
it enters the phase and when it leaves it.
Boltzmann defines the probability of the system being in the phase (a,b) as the ratio
of the aggregate time during which it is in that phase to the whole time of the motion,
the whole time being supposed to be very great. I prefer to suppose that there are a
great many systems the properties of which are the same, and that each of these is set in
motion with a different set of values for the n co-ordinates and the n—1 momenta, the
value of the total energy H being the same in all, and to consider the number of these
systems which, at a given instant, are in the phase (a,)). The motion of each system is of
course independent of the other systems.
Let N be the whole number of systems, and let the number of these which, at the
time f, are in the phase (a,b) be denoted by NV (a,, }, t). The aim of the statistical method
is to express N(a,, b, t) as a function of N, of the co-ordinates and momenta with their
limits, and of ¢ It is manifest that N can only enter the function as a factor, for the
different systems do not act on each other. Also any differential as da or db can only
504 Pror. CLERK MAXWELL ON BOLTZMANN’S THEOREM ON THE AVERAGE
enter as a factor, for the number of systems within any phase must vary in the ratio of
the interval between the limits of that phase. We may therefore write
N (i) = Nf (@g-4.-.. 65 Gosden Didag Nc. daldb ase (22),
where we have to determine the form of the function f.
We shall now follow the motion of these systems from the time ¢’, when we begin to
watch the motion, to the time ¢ when we cease to watch it.
Since the systems which at the time ¢ form the group N(a,, 4, t) are individually
the same systems which at the time ¢ formed the group NV (a,,, 0’, ¢’), we have
IN (G5 bj SIN GUS) ete cg roe (23),
or NF (G3 s.<-55 t) da, ....+ bs = NF (aserace. B) dae xcs. GD. scene cu seeeernee (24).
But by equation (21)
res db (Balt ose Cb OI Selene Ae (25)
Hence Pf (Ga cccrib) OF (Gs aoe eb nO oka eee (26),
and KE (a,, 0; 2) = NOG) Ades ces2 baa meet aeca en ae (28).
n
If the distribution of the N systems in the different phases is such that the number
im a given phase does not vary with the time, the distribution is said to be steady. The
condition of this is that C must be constant for all phases belonging to the same path. It
will require further investigation to determine whether or not this path necessarily includes
all phases consistent with the equation of energy.
If, however, we assume that the original distribution of the systems according to the
different phases is such that C is constant for all phases consistent with the equation of
energy, and zero for all phases which that equation shows to be impossible, then the law
of distribution will not change with the time, and C will be an absolute constant.
We have therefore found one solution of the problem of finding a steady distribution.
Whether there may be other solutions remains to be investigated.
Let N(4) denote the number of systems in which gq, is between 0, and 6,+db,,
q. between b, and b,+db,, and so on, and g, between b, and b+db,, the momenta
not being specified otherwise than by their being consistent with the equation of energy»
then
N() =| * i Byker oR (29),
DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY IN A SYSTEM OF MATERIAL POINTS. DDO
the integration being extended to all values of the momenta consistent with the equation
of energy.
To simplify the integration let us suppose the variables transformed so that the
kinetic energy is expressed in terms of the squares of the component momenta,
of (Tt PO TAG J Se OY) A el) RR ee ERM SEALE (30),
where a,...a, are the transformed momenta, and y,...u, are functions of the co-ordinates,
which we may call moments of mobility, and which, in the case of material points, are
the reciprocals of the masses.
Now let us assume
Bp AA Be OV, oso aus sisewes owns oan ocienieStna(snuswesenae (31),
fens CA Ife (Ana Os) ncsincsian sac nise ssaneaneer at iatemecenet (32),
[ieee ie OCS Toe cibaameeaaneecb reso non onosEciid Aor (33),
Pegs pg (Ay 0 ic coca cencertentn ct tavice-uunsng aes mae (34)
Then by the equation of energy
Of these quantities, A, is a function of the co-ordinates only, because HE is given and
V is a function of the co-ordinates, A,, is a function of the co-ordinates and a,, A, ,
of the co-ordinates and of a, and a,,, and so on.
Also by equation (2)
Ba (wpe AS GSP ots sects os a etene store (36).
[ff--f Gr aa...da,
we begin by integrating with respect to a,, thus
To integrate the expression
i C(b,)*da, = | Cl qe andes ©. hans cee toa (37),
the limits of integration being + A,. The result is
EGG) a ae 5
Sad (I(T Ts 2. eel a ele nescence SBE Sabre (38).
Vou. XII. Parr III. (Al
5096 Pror. CLERK MAXWELL ON BOLTZMANN’S THEOREM ON THE AVERAGE
For the next integration we have
A; 2
[.4'da, = i Medea Ntda ee ae (39).
- A; 2
Hence after 7 integrations, r being any number less than n, the result is
rt1 Eead
NOT ty hea) War Anat] % ggg 40, Oy DDgecrcvessisee (40).
RSS
2
Putting r=n—1 and remembering that p,4,°=2H—2V, we find
De Gauls ue Ane 0d eh, ee (41).
P (3)
This is the number of systems whose configuration is specified by the variables
b,...b,, while the momenta may have any values consistent with the equation of energy.
N(b)=NC
The quantity H—V, which occurs in this equation, is, by equation (1), equal in
magnitude to 7’, the kinetic energy of the system. The quantity Z, however, is defined
explicitly in terms of the velocities or the momenta of the system, whereas H — V does
not involve these quantities explicitly, but is expressed as a function of the configura-
tion.
We shall find it convenient, however, especially in the study of more complicated
problems, to remember that the number of systems in a given configuration is a function
of the kinetic energy corresponding to that configuration.
If the kinetie energy is not expressed as a sum of squares, but in the more general
form,
T =3[11) a? + [12] a, a, + Ke.
$F [B2] ot A [23] fea, Fides. 1. cc ccc seascenseccunecosceasanse (42),
where the quantities denoted by [11] &c. are functions of the co-ordinates, which we
may call the moments and products of mobility of the system; then since the discrimi-
nant
eee eee eee ee eee
ig an invariant, its value is the same when 7 is reduced to a sum of squares, in
which case all the elements except those in the principal diagonal of the determinant
vanish, and we have
DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY IN A SYSTEM OF MATERIAL POINTS. 557
and we may write the value of WV (bd),
N@)= LG aos =
If the system consists of n’ material particles, whose masses are m,...m,, then the
number of degrees of freedom is n=3n’ and
1
Ee ea, hg = By, — Hg Mee 2 AM SO Ol «a -'seccse cu sens pneseneee (46).
Hence in this case we may write
Te sn a (ee mo yh (OB 2) dh ab, te aces (47).
r ee)
These expressions give the number of systems in a given configuration only when
£—Y is positive for that configuration, for since the kinetic energy is necessarily posi-
tive, the potential energy cannot exceed the total energy. For configurations specified
in such a way that if they existed V would be greater than £, the value of W (6)
is zero.
The value of V(b) is also zero for configurations which, though they make V less
than #, cannot be reached by a continuous path from the original configuration without
passing through configurations which make V greater than £.
We shall return to this expression for the number of systems in a completely
specified configuration, but in the mean time it will be useful to consider how many
of these systems have one of their momenta, p,, between given limits. In this way
we shall be able to determine completely the average distribution of momentum among
the variables without making any assumptions about the nature of the system which
might limit the generality of our results.
In order to find the number of systems in the configuration (b) for which one of.
the momenta, say p,, lies between a, and a,+da,, we must stop before the last inte-
gration. Putting r=n—2 in equation (40)
al n-1
ees (H, ++ Pn) (rea hes )
y (—
F( 5
The whole number of systems in configuration (4) is given by (45). Hence the
proportion of these systems for which a, les between a, and a,+da, is
n-
2
N(,a,)=NC en Db dite mao en eee (48).
2a0(3) (evan,
rar ( >) (-vi?
298 Prov. CLERK MAXWELL ON BOLTZMANN'S THEOREM ON THE AVERAGE
If we write
then &, denotes the part of the kinetic energy arismg from the momentum a,. The
proportion of the systems in configuration (6) for which k, is between k, and k,+dk, is
rG) @- Posey ae cles so baeaae (51)
rayr(*) (e-vy?
Since any one of the variables may be taken for g,, the law of distribution of
values of the kinetic energy is the same for all the variables. The mean value of the
kinetic energy corresponding to any variable is
R= GSH 17. nee eee (52)
The maximum value is De WK oon. ola dina ce seat osaecote = oe sciee sco ae eaaeee ER (53).
The mean value of k’ is
1.3...2r—1 oor s
RW HD com HOP DO eet ete tenet eee etna (54).
When ~ is very large, the expression (51) approximates to
= re SER HEs, ee eee are ee (55)
Recapitulation.
The result of our investigation may therefore be stated as follows:
(2) We begin by considering a set of material systems which satisfy the general
equations of dynamics (2) and (3), and the equation of energy (1). If in these systems
the distribution of configurations satisfies equation (45), and the distribution of motion
satisfies equation (51), these equations will continue to be satisfied during the subsequent
motion of the system. One result of equation (51), to which we shall have to refer, is
that the average kinetic energy corresponding to any one of the variables is the same for
every one of the variables of the system.
(8) We now turn our attention to a system of real bodies enclosed in a rigid vessel
impervious to matter and to heat. We know by experiment that in such a system
the temperature cannot remain steady in every part unless the temperature of every part
of the system is the same, and that this condition is necessary in whatever manner the
configuration of the system may be varied by altering the position and mean density of
the portions of sensible size into which we are able to divide it.
DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY IN A SYSTEM OF MATERIAL POINTS. 559
Now if the system of real bodies is a material system which satisfies the equations
of dynamics, and if equations (45) and (51) are also satisfied, the condition of the system
will, as we have shewn, (a), be steady in every respect, and therefore in respect of
temperature. Hence by (8) the temperature of every part of the system must be the
same.
Therefore if equations (45) and (51) are satisfied, the condition of equality of
temperature is also satisfied.
But the condition of equality of temperature does not depend on the configuration of
the system, for though we can alter the configuration by external constraint we cannot
prevent the temperature from becoming equalized. It does not depend, therefore, on
equation (45). We must therefore conclude, that if equation (51) is satisfied, the condition
of equality of temperature is also satisfied, or, in other words, that equation (51) is the
condition of equality of temperature.
Hence when two parts of a system have the same temperature, the average kinetic
energy corresponding to any one of the variables belonging to these parts must be the
same.
If the system is a gas or a mixture of gases not acted on by external forces, the
theorem that the average kinetic energy of a single molecule is the same for molecules
of different gases is not sufficient to establish the condition of equilibrium of temperature
between gases of different kinds such as oxygen and nitrogen, because when the gases are
mixed we have no means of ascertaining the temperature of the oxygen or of the nitrogen
separately. We can only ascertain the temperature of the mixture by putting a thermometer
into it.
We cannot legitimately assert that the temperatures of the oxygen and of the nitrogen
must be equal because they are in contact with each other, for the only way in which we
can conceive the oxygen or the nitrogen as existing in the mixture is by picturing the
medium as a system of molecules, and as soon as we begin to see the molecules dis-
tinctly, heat becomes resolved into motion.
But since our investigation is equally applicable to a system of any kind, provided
only it satisfies the equations of dynamics, we may suppose it to consist of pure oxygen
and pure nitrogen separated by a solid diaphragm, the solid diaphragm consisting of
molecules capable of motion, but acting on each other with forces which are sufficient to
prevent any molecule from getting far apart from its neighbours except under the action
of disturbing forces greater than any which would occur in a system at the given
temperature. In this system, though the oxygen and the nitrogen cannot mix, each can
make an exchange of molecular energy with the surface molecules of the diaphragm,. and
exchanges of energy can go on within the solid diaphragm itself without any exchange of
molecules between distant parts of the diaphragm.
Hence, in this system, the average kinetic energy of a molecule of oxygen will become
equal to that of a molecule of nitrogen in the final state of the system, that is to say,
260 Pror, CLERK MAXWELL ON BOLTZMANN'S THEOREM ON THE AVERAGE
when the temperatures of all parts of the system have become equal, and since in that
final state we have pure oxygen on one side and pure nitrogen on the other, we can verify
the equality of temperature by means of a thermometer, and we can now assert that the
temperatures, not only of oxygen and nitrogen, but of all bodies, are equal when the
average kinetic energy of a single molecule of each of these substances is the same.
Approximate value of the probability when V is small compared with EL.
To find the number of systems the configuration of which is specified as regards the
limits of certain of the variables while the other variables are left undetermined, we
should have to integrate the expressions in equations (41), (45), or (47) with respect to
each of the undetermined variables in succession, the integrations being extended to all
values of these variables which are consistent with the equation of energy.
These integrations cannot be performed unless the potential energy of the system is a
known function of the variables which determine its configuration. We cannot therefore
in general continue the integration so as to determine the number of systems in which
the limits are specified for some, but not all, of the variables.
But when the number of variables is very great, and when the potential energy of
the specified configuration is very small compared with the total energy of the system,
n-2
we may obtain a useful approximation to the value of [Z2—V]¥* in an exponential form,
for if we write, as in equation (53), H=nK,
nearly, provided m is very great and V is small compared with #. The expression is no
longer approximate when V is nearly as great as H, and it does not vanish, as it ought
to do, when V= #.
Hence when the potential energy of the system in the given configuration is very
small compared with its kinetic energy, we may use the approximately correct state-
ment, that the number of systems in a given configuration is inversely proportional to
the exponential function, the index of which is half the potential energy of the system
in the given configuration divided by the average kinetic energy corresponding to each
variable of the system.
If we divide the system into any two parts, A and B, we may consider V, the
potential energy of the whole system, as made up of three parts, V4 and Vg, the
potential energy of A and B, each on itself, and W, that of B with respect to A.
DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY IN A SYSTEM OF MATERIAL POINTS. 561
When, as in the case of a gas, the parts of the system are in a great degree in-
dependent of each other, the average values of Vy and Vy may be treated as constants,
and the variations of V will be the same as those of W, so that the variable part of
the exponential function will be reduced to
If we suppose that A denotes a single molecule of a particular kind of gas, and
that B denotes all the other molecules, of whatever kind, in the system, then, since
there are many molecules similar to A, we may pass, from the number of systems in
which A is within a given element of volume, to the average number of molecules
similar to A which are within that element, or, in other words, the average density of
the gas A within that element.
We may therefore interpret the expression (57) as asserting that the density of a par-
ticular kind of gas at a given point is inversely proportional to the exponential function
whose index is half the potential energy of a single molecule of the gas at that point,
divided by the average kinetic energy corresponding to a variable of the system.
We must remember that since the centre of mass of a molecule is determined by
three variables, the mean kinetic energy of agitation of the centre of mass of a mole-
cule is three times the quantity AK which denotes the mean kinetic energy of a single
variable.
Part If. A Free system.
In a material system not acted on by external forces the motion satisfies six
equations besides the equation of energy, so that we must not include in our integration
all the phases which satisfy the equation of energy, but only those of them which also
satisfy these six equations.
In what follows, we shall suppose the system to consist of n particles, whose masses
are m,...m,, and whose co-ordinates a, y, z, and velocity-components wu, v, w, are
distinguished by the same suffix as the particle to which they belong.
Let us now consider a system consisting of s of these particles, and write
Mt 1 Fs OSC. M1 — oan see Seer en eevee ae (58),
mx, +m,x,+ &e.+m,x,= V,X,, |
my, + my, + &e. + my, = M, 3 WA ahead sae, Roos ee
m,2z,+m,2,+ ke. + m,2,= M,Z, J
then M, will be the mass of the minor system and X,, Y,, Z, the co-ordinates of its
centre of mass. If we also write
mu, + &.+m,u,= M,U,,
m2, a &e. + m, U, = M, UBS eis (60),
mw, + &e.+m,w,= M, W,,
°62 Prov. CLERK MAXWELL ON BOLTZMANN’S THEOREM ON THE AVERAGE
m, (yw, — 2,2) ate &e. a5 m, 3, Ay 2,,) a F, ae M, CY; W, — Z, UA
m, (2, — 2,10,) + &e. + m, (,u, —2,,) = G+ M, (ZU, X,W), b vessescceee (61),
m, (2% >, Y.%,) + &. + ™, (x,v, a, Y.U,) == H, a M, (X, Vi Fe, Y,0);
then U,, V,, W, will be the velocity-components of the centre of mass, and /, G,, H, the
components of angular momentum round this point.
We shall also write
$m, (uo +92 +,7) + &e. thm, (ur + v7 + w,7) = T, ....ccecceceecereeeenees (62).
The seven conditions satisfied by the whole system are that the seven quantities
U,, V,, W,, F,, G,, H, and £ are constant during the motion.
Under these conditions the 3n momentum-components are not independent. We shall
therefore transform equation (17) into one in which the differentials of the first seven
velocity-components are replaced by the differentials of the seven constants.
The functional determinant is found by differentiating the seven quantities U,, V,,
W., F,, @, H, and EF with respect to the momenta m,u,, m,v,, M,W,3 Ml, M,V,, MW, ;
and m,u,. We thus obtain
is 0, 0, 0, 2, —Yp %
0, ip Wb =65 ime Oh
0, 0, iy, th Sie 0, Ww,
1, 0, 0, 0, Pay Maes, || NU anton ce eeeeeee (63),
0, i 0, -—2z, 0, ae ap
0, 0, ie Yo ae, 0, w,
1. 0, 0, 0, Pe Yan
which we may write ASQ e Ti, cossalsocquecsicceissseiissesis esssceinuseeeeeee (64),
where A= (Y,— Yo) (Zp — Zp) — (Ya— Yo) (%y— Bq) ceveereceeccereceacseescees (65),
or twice the projection on the plane of yz of the triangle whose vertices are m,, m,,
and m,, and
Tia Pig = (U, — U,) (@,— 2) + (Y, —%) (Y, — Ya) + (W,— W,) (2, — 2) creeree eens (66),
or the rate of increase of the distance between m, and m, multiplied into that distance.
In a system composed of material particles, each component of momentum is equal to
the corresponding velocity-component multiplied into the mass of the particle. We may
therefore write p,=m,u, and so on, and since the masses are invariable we may omit
them from both members of equation (17), and write it
Ge) 50 OS Ot, oye GO. = Ei, os. AS OW, AU,