Rte ee Lior Yevieweelee atin. awe fee meu Les tees OP nee Oe eee Pt POM ate anny rere my yrs ere tata Det mee oo a ores ae . Mewerine oe ate Purina 2 EO me £527 oo . Lieber ats rey oo ee matt rotten = tits LU wee Bet dal aor te aS et oa ey RA make ty one cane o Sf 9 weeat Fat eh ae ove TN wee nate ae Derren BOG Retetaedd a tte aplenty SO ere gleh dale do treatie = ae me tee, a er ate TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, HELD AT PHILADELPHIA, FOR PROMOTING USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. VOL. IV.—NEW SERIES. PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY. Philavelphta: PRINTED BY JAMES KAY, JUN. & CO., PRINTERS TO THE SOCIETY. RACE ABOVE FOURTH STREET. 1834. $. &.2!. to G8 2 EXTRACT FROM THE LAWS OF THE SOCIETY RELATING TO THE TRANSACTIONS. {. The Transactions shall be published in numbers, at short intervals, under the direction of the Committee of Publication. 2. Every communication to the Society, which may be considered as intended for a place in the Transactions, shall immediately be referred to a committee to consider and report thereon. 3. If the committee shall report in favour of publishing the communication, they shall make such corrections therein, as they may judge necessary to fit it for the press ; or if they shall judge the publication of an abstract or extracts from the paper to be most eligible, they shall accompany their report with such abstract or extracts. But if the author do not ap- prove of the corrections, abstract, or extracts, reported by the committee, he shall be at liberty to withdraw his paper. 4. The order in which papers are read before the Society shall determine their places in the Transactions, priority of date giving priority of location. COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION. Franklin Bache, M.D. Isaac Lea. R. Eglesfeld Griffith, M.D. y 7" “a a ie ¥ . a ¢ - be. 7 + he the 2 i; - i - me Aas ve Dh v y 7 , ’ ‘ . iy : Re | ‘ } r ) Ha orago “We 1a * phdiboe uamntoeoging “AdiaaM a: wee ake AY OR tiact © erodloth iy ; dteasjio WE ng fihh, Le oe : cae T ht Sinaia 2 nh wank: , | ‘ pe ditty ¥ “ioe = LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, Elected since the publication of the Third Volume, New Series, of their Transactions. Charles J. Ingersoll, of Philadelphia. Jacob Perkins, of Philadelphia. Omitted in former volumes. Judge Tait, of Alabama. J ; Thomas I. Wharton, of Philadelphia. Lorenzo Martini, of Turin. Andres del Rio, Professor of Mineralogy at Mexico. Mare Antoine Jullien, of Paris. Prosper Count Balbo, of Turin. Hyacinth Carena, of Turin. Louis Philippe, King of the French. Thomas P. Jones, M.D., of Washington City. Henry Vethake, Professor of Natural Philosophy, Princeton, New Jersey. Samuel L. Southard, of New Jersey. Edward Everett, of Massachusetts. Louis M’Lane, of Delaware. William C. Rives, of Virginia. Alexander Everett, of Massachusetts. Martin Fernandez Navarrete, of Madrid. Francisco Antonio Gonzales, of Madrid. John James Audubon, of Louisiana. Hartman Bache, Major of Topographical Engineers, of Philadelphia. Baron Larrey, of Paris. Julius T. Ducatel, M.D., University of Maryland, Baltimore. Henry D. Gilpin, of Philadelphia. John P. Hopkinson, M.D., of Philadelphia. John Bell, M.D., of Philadelphia. Robley Dunglison, M.D., University of Maryland, Baltimore. Stein Billé, Chargé d’ Affaires of his Danish Majesty. , Vill LIST OF MEMBERS. Thomas Sergeant, of Philadelphia. Theodore Lorin, of Paris. Hugh L. Hodge, M.D., of Philadelphia. J. J. Abert, Colonel of Topographical Engineers, of Washington City. Juan José Martinez, of Spain. The Duke of Sussex. E. S. Bring, Professor of the University of Lund in Sweden. Professor Bujalsky, of St Petersburg. Marmaduke Burrough, M.D., of Philadelphia. Matthias W. Baldwin, of Philadelphia. Edwin James, M.D., of Albany. Moncure Robinson, of Virginia. M. J. Labouderie, of Paris. Charles Nagy, of Pest in Hungary. Jacob Randolph, M.D., of Philadelphia. Joshua Francis Fisher, of Philadelphia. Gouverneur Emerson, M.D., of Philadelphia. Henry C. Carey, of Philadelphia. Henry R. Schooleraft. Viscount Santarem, of Portugal. Titian R. Peale, of Philadelphia. Franklin Peale, of Philadelphia. Samuel V. Merrick, of Philadelphia. Henry J. Williams, of Philadelphia. OBITUARY NOTICE. Since the publication of our last volume, death has deprived us of many valuable members. Among them we particularly notice the venerable Isaiah Thomas, the late president of the Antiquarian So- ciety of Massachusetts, and the constant friend and benefactor of our institution ; the Rev. Nicholas Collin, the last of the missionaries sent by the government of Sweden to preside over the Swedish congrega- tions in this country ; Zaccheus Collins, one of our vice-presidents ; the Rev. Mr Schweinitz, of Bethlehem; Mr William Shaler; Mr Reuben Haines; Captain William Jones; Mr Edward Burd ; the Rev. Charles J. Wharton, of Burlington, New Jersey; and the Rey. Joseph Hutchins, one of the original members of our Society, of whom only two at present survive.* Among our foreign associates, we have lost, in Denmark, Professor Rask ; in France, Vauquelin, Abel Remusat, Latreille; and, while writing this notice, we receive the melancholy news of the death of our learned associate, Charles Pougens, who closed his long and laborious life on the 19th of December last. * The Right Rev. Bishop White, and Thomas Bradford, Esq. Vou. 1V.—e ere ; ; a : SOV OR oa TELEO a r — » Y" vee | | > la) bit” bayiole’ dnt! crests snittoe Fe ue ‘io wcthmitall “alt ’ ° adh ito qholoaiNegean ied) panied Geeta aldeatee Cae a Ta% [i + ° 208 stoi pL SAT Ae Tish stat oul MiiaokY doinal. aldeapey 9 tira! 10 it hasit! Mistemon sil) bos aideotomaal Yo we 7 ‘cn “hiss? ait wal silt nile? entire wo), off + aothiat ; | it nave ableng ob nvlowe WW hea | Sop. wniflord evadioaN¢ + Piatod vdb a mt miles cenit We ; strodotdingt seltods el HL ‘lt 5 Lief brinve bee aif : satan mR malay evil ay i | aE at) ban puwrst wo ooheniom Ta aor x wis 4 pr “aetve by sustaoe tno lo eelensor tanighip aiff to Se act ‘sires aa “vir a -soaslind phintinath ab deat o'er ow pivkolla ioasa nde ofule Won isifiviel devo bdA sallonpuaY gonn’t Hts ‘ia To dngh odd Wy ewan Yodsantor offs ayinavt ov acilon ahaa *fobwdat had gant eid Beeols ober ehosiet efit) .slnisone bi r Ries telaivanL lo me arr an i? 0 defor een (V Cae aril Qn ost ; te . a Ld! a =} af _ i ar 2h, iV ee a CONTENTS. Laws of the Society relating to the Transactions. = - - - = = Officers of the Society for the Year 1834. - - - - : List of the Members of the Society elected since the Publication of the Third Volume, New Series. - . - - - - - - ‘ Obituary Notice. - - - . - - : « : ARTICLE I. Grammatical Sketch and Specimens of the Berber Language: preceded by four Letters on Berber Etymologies, addressed to the President of the Society. By William B. Hodgson, Esq. - - - - - - - ARTICLE II. Description of a new Species of Sarracenia. By Thomas Nuttall. - - - ARTICLE III. Description of a Species of Orang, from the north-eastern Province of British East India, lately the Kingdom of Assam. By Richard Harlan, M.D., &c. —- - ARTICLE IV. Silver Ores reduced by the Method of Becquerel. By Andres del Rio. - - iii 1x 49 52 60 xii CONTENTS. ARTICLE V. Observations on the Naiades, and Descriptions of new Species of that and other Fa- milies. By Isaac Lea. - : - - = - = : ARTICLE VI. Description of a new Genus of the Family Melaniana of Lamarck. By Isaac Lea. ARTICLE VII. Report of a Committee of the American Philosophical Society on Astronomical Ob- servations; containing Observations made in different Parts of the United States, on the Solar Eclipse of February 12th, 1831. - - - - - ARTICLE VIII. Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali media degentium. Secundum Observationes Ludovici Davidis de Schweinitz. - - - - = = ARTICLE IX. Descriptions of the Inferior Maxillary Bones of Mastodons in the Cabinet of the American Philosophical Society, with Remarks on the Genus Tetracaulodon (Godman), &e. By Isaac Hays, M.D. - - - - = ARTICLE X. On Irradiation. By Benjamin F. Joslin, M.D., Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Union College, Schenectady, New York. - - - ARTICLE XI. Names which the Lenni Lenape, or Delaware Indians, who once inhabited this Country, had given to Rivers, Streams, Places, &c. &c., within the now States of 63 122 125 141 340 CONTENTS. Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland and Virginia: and also Names of Chieftains and distinguished Men of that Nation; with the Significations of those Names, and Biographical Sketches of some of those Men. By the late Rev. John Hecke- welder, of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. - - - - - = ARTICLE XI. Notice of Fossil Bones found in the Tertiary Formation of the State of Louisiana. By Richard Harlan, M.D., &e. - - = ~ “ m z ARTICLE Xiil. Notice of the Discovery of the Remains of the Ichthyosaurus in Missouri, N. A. By Richard Harlan, M.D., &e. - - - ~ - < Z ARTICLE XIV. Descriptions of new North American Insects, and Observations on some already de- scribed. By Thomas Say. - - - - = : = Donations to the Library. - - - - - = - 2 Donations to the Cabinet. - - = . . : 5 E: Index to the First, Second, Third and Fourth Volumes, New Series. - = Vou. IV.—d xiii 351 397 405 409 471 491 495 ERRATA. Page 74, line'5, for divided read undivided Page 75, line 11, for Ohio read Tennessee Page 324, line 22, for (Plate XX VI. c) read (Plate XXVI. 6) Page 336, line 20, for whose read of whose * TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. VOL. IV.—NEW SERIES. NO. I. Grammatical Sketch and Specimens of the Berber Language : preceded by four Letters on Berber Etymologies, addressed to the President of the Society by William B. Hodgson, Esq. Read October 2d, 1829. LETTER I. Algiers, 18 May 1828. Dear Sir, IN compliance with your desire, I have the pleasure to send you a grammatical sketch of the Berber language, as spoken by the Kabyles of this regency ; or rather, I ought to say, a series of specimens of its grammatical forms and of its syntax. I hope to be able to pre- sent you with a grammar in the proper sense of the word; but that is not the work of a day, and it will require time and labour to accomplish it. All the moments that I can spare from my official duties and the study of the Oriental languages are employed in ac- quiring a competent knowledge of that curious idiom, which, from the phenomena it exhibits, may in many respects be compared to those Vou. IV.—A Q ON THE BERBER LANGUAGE. of our American Indians; at least, it appears to me that it possesses many of their polysynthetic forms, as you have denominated them ; it will be at least a curious discovery, if it can be shown that the Berber appertains to that class of languages which was thought to be exclusively confined to our American continent; at any rate it is important to fix its proper place in the glossographic scale, and to ascertain the family to which it belongs. The more I investigate the subject, the more I am satisfied that the idiom of the Berbers is not the remains of the ancient Punic; but that it is the same language which was spoken by the inhabitants of the northern - coast of Africa, at the time of the foundation of Carthage ; much corrupted, however, by the introduction of Arabic, and perhaps, in this district at least, of Punic words and forms. The former, indeed, are so visible, that it is easy to perceive that they do not belong to the original language, from the peculiar structure of which they essentially differ. The latter, if any there be, it is not so easy to observe, as there are no remains of the Punic language sufficient to assist us in the inquiry. We may, perhaps, discover hereafter, some traces of it, by comparing the Berber of what was called Africa Proper, with the dialects of those parts where Cartha- ginian colonization did not extend. If the Punic idiom was ever in- corporated to any extent with the language of the Numidians in the vicinity of Carthage, or in the countries under her dominion, it must have produced a marked difference between their dialects and those of the more distant tribes, which cannot escape the inquisitive eye of philologists. My knowledge of the Berber language is, as you will readily per- ceive, very limited. But I have an intelligent Taleb, a native Ka- byle, who is well skilled in that idiom, and in the literal and vulgar Arabic. Hamet, as he is called, is a young man, twenty-one years of age, belonging to the Emazzean tribe, vulgarly called Beni Boojeiah, and to the village of Z'hegedoween. He studied the Koran and Sidi Khalil for six years, at the Mederes or Theological School of Boojeiah, near which he resides. After having completed his course of divin- ity, he came to Algiers, where he was made known to me bya Ka- byle, in the employment of this consulate. On the suggestion of Mr ON THE BERBER LANGUAGE. 3 Shaler, I engaged his services, and he now resides in the Consular house, at Mr Shaler’s expense: such is the devotion of this excellent man to the cause of science, and to every thing that may be honoura- ble or useful to our country. Through the medium of the Arabic language, my young Marabout instructs me in his native tongue; and the enclosed sketches are the first fruits of the instruction I have received from him. He has translated for me into Arabic several Berber tales; one of which I have selected, and send you, as well as a piece of Berber poetry, with literal translations, which I have been able to make into English by means of the explanations of my Taleb. I could not have done it without his aid. His mind is equal to the analytical labour which it required. But I have found him particularly useful in my investigation of the origin of the Berber language. The plan which I pursued was to ascertain whether the proper names of persons and places which abound in the books of ancient history and geography, some of the latter of which have been preserved to this day, were in any way connected with the Berber idiom. If I should not only find that they bore some analogy to it, but that they had such significations as might naturally be supposed to be connected with proper names, a strong argument would be obtained in favour of the antiquity of this language and of its being aboriginal to the country. If those signifi- cant names extended east and west from one end of the African con- tinent to the other, and from its northern coast south even to the Desart of Saara, where no Phenician colony can be supposed to have existed, it would be clear, independently of the inferences that may be drawn from the different structure of the two languages, that our Berber could not be the Punic, as Marsden and others have supposed ; but was the language of the Autochthones, of the ancient inhabitants of the country, which the Phenicians who founded Carthage and their descendants were obliged to learn and to speak in common with their own, and which procured them the appellation of Tyrii bilingues. Full of this idea, Mr Shaler and I immediately set to work, by turning over the leaves of Herodotus, Pliny, Strabo, Pomponius Mela, and other Greek and Roman writers; and having collected a conside- 4 ON THE BERBER LANGUAGE. rable list of geographical names, we hastened to present them to our Taleb, and were not a little delighted to find, that he recognised in many of them words of his own language, bearing such significations as might naturally be supposed to have been affixed to towns, rivers, mountains, &c. and that this was particularly the case with those names which still continue to be in use from the remotest antiquity, and which have at this day the same meaning which they probably had in ancient times. So far as we have gone, our success has ex- ceeded our most sanguine expectations; so much so, that although our labours are by no means at an end, I cannot refrain from giving you some specimens of our progress. I regret exceedingly that Mr Sha- ler’s departure deprives me of his powerful assistance ; I feel, never- theless, sufficient courage to proceed in this interesting investigation, and hope to obtain still more convincing proofs of the fact that the Berber language is no other than the ancient Libyan, or Numidian, as you may please to call it. Permit me then to lay before you some of those curious etymolo- gies. They are too striking and too numerous to be the work of chance; and if the proper names which ancient historians and geogra- phers have preserved should be found to be, as I have no doubt they are, of Berber origin, it cannot but throw some light on the history of Northern Africa and of mankind. I begin with the word las, the name which has been given from the highest antiquity to that chain of mountains which extends from the western coast of Africa to the confines of Egypt. As this name has come down to us through the Greeks, and is closely con- nected with the ancient mythology of that people, it seems natural to suppose that it is of Grecian origin; but I am rather inclined to believe that it is derived from the language of the people who inhabit those mountains, from whom most probably the Greeks received it, and, according to their well known custom, softened the harshness _ of its sounds to give it that euphony which their delicate ears indis- pensably required. I cannot find that the Berbers of this day have any discriminating name for the chain of Mount Atlas. They call it 2dhraer*, the moun- * In this word dh has the sound of 4 in modern Greek, or of the English th in then, that. ON THE BERBER LANGUAGE. § tain, and in the plural Ldhrarin. This word is written variously by the different authors who have treated of the Berber language. Hornemann writes it Jdrarn, Ali-Bey Adrer, Dr Shaw Athrair ; Mr Shaler’s vocabulary has the spelling of two persons, one of whom writes Adrar, and the other derer. This shows how differently the auditory organs can be affected by the sounds of a language greatly differing from our own. Then why could not the Greeks in those remote times have transformed 4drar or Adhraer into Atlas? Etymo- logists well know how easily d or dh is changed into #; and the liquid sound of 7 into Zand s. I think it unnecessary to cite any examples to you, who are, no doubt, familiar with these transmuta- . - tions of organic sounds. It might be said, perhaps, that when the Greeks invented the fable of the giant of thea mountains, who sup- ported the world upon his shiillders, they changed 4drar into Atlas by analogy to the words of their own language 20 and 2xris, expres- sive of his mighty struggles to bear the Re Se ie 40 ON THE BERBER LANGUAGE. Oogel, tooth, pl. Oogelan ; _ Afus, hand, pl. Efessan Thagannoos, foretooth, incisor, pl. Thag- Amassat, leg, pl. Emassatan annooseen Atar, foot, pl. Etarran Egheel, arm, pl. Eghallan : Thifdents, toe, pl. Thifadhnan. ‘ * V. Infections of an Adjective. : Argaz dhalalee, a good man Dhefoohanan, m. pl. bad ~ Thamattooth dhalalee, a good woman Tsefoohaneen, f. pl. bad Ergazan dhalaleen, good men Amghar, m. sing. old* - Elkhaleth dhalaleen, good women Thamgharth, f. sing. old -Dhefoohan, m. sing. bad Emgharan, m. pl. old pte Tsefoohants, f. sing. bad * Themghareen, f- pl. old. V1. Comparison of an Adjective. Argaz agasenen, a good man Argaz agasenen fellas, a man better than he Argaz agasenen nezza, a very good man, or the best man Fellas, (means) above him _ Nezza, (means) very. VIT. Numerals. Ewan, m. Eweth, f. one. Seen, m. Seenth, f. two. The remaining numerals are Arabic and suffer no changef. VIL. Pronouns... 1. Personal. Nekkee, m. Nekkonee, f. I Nekenee, m. Enkentsee, fi we rs Khetchee, m. Khemmee, f. thou Khoonwee, m. Khoonemtsee, f. a > Netsa, he; Netseth, she ; Ikra, tt Nuthnee, m. Nuthentsee, f. they. * What is the word for old in Abyssinian? Might not the name of the Amharie rb Re he: derived from it? P. 8. D. ’ } M. Venture gives the numerals in the Berber language, from one to one hundred millions. The word miyet, one hundred, Mr Langlés, in a note, observes to be Arabic, and 4fid, one thousand, he says, is a corruption of the Arabic elf. ~ On the remainder he makes no observa- tion, which would seem to prove that the Arabic numerals are not every where used by the Berbers, though they may be in the neighbourhood of Algiers. P. 8. D. ON THE BERBER LANGUAGE. 4] 2. Possessive. Eoo, m. and f. my Annagh, m. tsagh, f. our Eek, m. eem, f. thy Anwan, m. koonts, f. your -Ees, m. and f. his or her : *Nsan, m. ’nsants, f. their. _ 3. Independent or Possessive. Enoo, m. and f. mine Nanwan, m. yours Nek, m. nem, f. thine Koonts, f. yours Nes, m. and f. his or her ’Nsan, m. ’nsants, f. theirs. Nannagh, m. ’ntsagh, f. ours 4, Demonstrative. Wayee, m. thayee, f. this Weyee, m. theyee, f. those Ouweed, n. ouwetseed, f. that Ouwethend, m. ouwethenseed, f. those. 5. Relative. Winna, m. sing. who Enna, m. pl. who Thinna, f. sing: who - Jeena, f. pl. who. 4 6. Interrogative. Enwawa, m. entsa,f who? — Enwee, m. entsa, f. enwee, n. which ? Ashou, n. what ? For pronouns combined with the verb, see below. IX. Of the Verb. In this language the imperative mood is the radical from which the other moods and tenses are derived. In the conjugation of verbs there is a masculine and a feminine gender. The following paradigms are not complete, and are only given by way of specimens of the manner in which verbs are conjugated in the Berber language. *Phe Substantive Verb TO BE. IMPERATIVE MOOD. Sing. Elee, m. and f. be thou Plur. Eleeth, m. eleemths, f. be ye. a Von. 1V.—L 42 ON THE BERBER LANGUAGE. Participle. Sing. Illa, m. thilla, f. being P}. Ilan, m. illants, f. being. . INDICATIVE Moop. Present Tense*. Singular. . Nekkee adheleegh, I am Nekkinee adheleegh, Zam . Khetchee atseleed, thou art Khemmee atseleed, thou art . Nitsa adhelee, he is Netseth atselee, she is i =| sacl = acca =| Preterite. Singular. . Nekkee allegh, Z was Nekkinee allegh, I was . Khetchee thaleed, thou wast Khemmee thaleed, thou wast . Netsa ella, he was Netseth thella, she was ™ m7 8 8 Plural. m. Nekenee annelee, we are Enkentsee annelee, we are . Khoonewee atseleem, you are Khoonemtsee atseleem, you are . Nutheree adheleen, they are Nuthentsee adheleents, they are. a= fat y=) Go Plural. . Nekenee nella, we were _ Enkentsee nella, we were . Khoonwee thellam, you were Khoonemtsee thellamts, you were . Nuthnee ellan, they j were © Nuthentsee ellants, they were. me m5 8 * Neuter Verb To sPEAK. IMPERATIVE MOOD. Sing. Sewal, m. and f. speak thou Pl. . Sewalts, m. sewalemts, f. speak ye. INDICATIVE MOOD. Present Tense. Singular. m. Nekkee adhseulagh, Z speak f. Nekkinee adhseulagh, I speak m. Ketchee atsseulad, thou speakest f. Khemmee atsseulad, thou speakest » m. Netsa adhseual, he speaks f. Netseth adhseual, she speaks * M. Venture says that in the Berber verbs the present’ tense is wanting, and is expressed Plural. m. Nekenee anseual, we speak f. Enkentsee anseual, we speak m. Khoonwee atsseulem, ye speak f. Khoonemtsee atsseulemts, ye speak m. Nuthnee,adhseulan, they speak f. Nuthentsee adhseulants, they speak. by the preterite, as in the Arabic and Hebrew languages. P. 8S. D. ON THE BERBER LANGUAGE. 43 Preterite. Singular. m. Nekkee aseulagh, I spoke f. Nekkinee aseulagh, I spoke m. Khetchee tseulat, thou spokest f. Khemmee tseulat, thou spokest m. Netsa eseual, he spoke f. Netseth tseual, she spoke Plural. m. Nekkenee neseual, we spoke f Enkentsee neseual, we spoke m. Khoonwee tseulem, ye spoke f. Khoonemtsee tseulemts, ye spoke m. Nuthnee aseulan, they spoke f. Nuthentsee aseulants, they spoke. Active Verb To sTRIKE. INDICATIVE MOOD. Present Tense. Singular. m. Nekkee oothigh, I strike f. Nekkinee oothigh, J strike m. Khetchee thoothid, thou strikest f. Khemmee thoothid, thou strikest m. Netsa yootha, he strikes f. Netseth thootha, she strikes Plural. m. Nekenee annooth, we strike f. Enkentsee annooth, we strike m. Khoonwee atsoothem, ye strike f. Khoonemtsee atsoothemts, ye strike m. Nuthnee adhoothen, they strike f. _Nuthentsee adhoothents, they strike. Preterite. s.m. Nekkee oothighth, I have struck p- m. Nekenee nootheth, we have struck p-m. Nuthnee oothent, they have struck. Future Tense. s. m. Nekkee athoothagh, I shall or will strike p- m. Nekenee athnoothagh, we shall or will strike. Passive Verb To BE STRUCK. INDICATIVE MOOD. Present Tense. Singular. m. Nekkee atsoothagh, I am struck f. Nekkinee atsoothagh, J am struck m. Khetchee thetsoothad, thou art struck -f. Khemmee thetsoothad, thou art struck m. Netsa yatsooth, he is struck f. Netsath thatsooth, she is struck Plural. m. Nekenee netsooth, we are struck f. Enkentsee netsooth, we are struck m. Khoonwee thetsoothem, you are struck f. Khoonemtsee thetsoothem, you are struck m. Nuthnee athsoothem, they are struck f. Nuthentsee atsoothents, they are struck. 44 ON THE BERBER LANGUAGE. Negative form of the Verb To sTRIKE. s. m. Nekkee oorakkathgara, I do not strike . - s. f. Nekkenee oorakkathgara, I do not strike. Be The same with Transitions. s. m. Nekkee oorthakkathgara, I do not strike him s. m. Nekkee oorathnekkathgara, I do not strike them. Further Examples of Transitions. Efk, give -Efkas, give him Efkee wayee, give me that Efkagh, give us Efkasth, give it to him Oorasthatsakkara, do not give it to him Oorasnathtsakghara, I will not give it to them. Norr. Efk, the imperative form, is the radical syllable, from which the pronouns can be readily separated; s represents the accusative or dative him or fo him; and th, the neuter pro- - noun it or to. it; Oor and ra are the initial and final negatives. This greatly resembles the American Indian formations. Another Example. m. & f. Netsa yabgha-ee, he loves me m. Abgegh-k, J love thee f. Abgezh-kem, I love thee m. Abgegh-th, I love him f. Abgegh-ths, I love her m. & f. Abgay-agh, he loves us m. Abghech-koom, I love you (plural) f. Abghegh-kvonts, I love you (plural) m. Abghegh-then, I love them f. Abghegh-thents, I love them. BERBER POETRY. Of the various specimens of Berber poetry in my possession, the following is not the fairest example of its versification. In this, how- ever, rhythm is always observed, and metre generally. The second and third stanzas are of trochaic measure. The Berber poetry has various metres, and among others, the Greek ‘cir. It seems to be subjected to fixed laws of pronunciation and orthometry. ON THE BERBER LANGUAGE. 45 The following song is sung by the Kabyle women, at the departure of the errafka,a company of men who set out from their villages, under the safe conduct of a leader called the bofessa, to go to Algiers. The object of this journey is thus explained : “under ihe treaties of peace with the regency, great numbers of all these (Kabyle) tribes seek employment in Algiers and its neighbourhood, as shepherds and field labourers, and with foreigners, as house-servants.” Shaler’s Sketches of Algiers, p. 94. With their wages of two dollars and a half per month, these Kabyles are allowed three small loaves of black bread and some oil. Their lodgings is the stable, and their covering the clothes which they wear in the say Bertie Song. . Awidden dhedhesents adhich aminsee s Egan gara sanoee. 3. Ahath ’k-Idjennan, agkhadem eee 4, Aghrom dhemasas, ishthok eghaman 5. Athemelewin, hoozzimts thefrewin 6. Abreed elhamma, limbeth ghoorewin 7. Shiagh adhleel agnegh oola adhlaoonais 8. Aghra lezair anidha ekhadem elkais 9. Ai, Sidi Yahaya! abab netsa booth 10. Afooyagh adhnoob, argaz thamattooth. Translation. - I wish to go with them to partake of the Aminsee*, . To enjoy with him the pleasures of love. - He is working in the garden, earning the tsemanf{, . Eating saltless bread, and longing for his home. . Dove! Speed thy wings in flight, peed to El-hammaf, there pass the night: . Bear my ear-ring, and even my necklace To* Algiers, where the good man is working. + Oh, Sidi Yahaya§! thou blessed father, Pardon the sins of the man and his wife. OO 0 1 Do So tm” ” * Aminsee, the evening repast of the Kabyles. {| Tseman, a small coin. { £l-hamma, a place so called near Algiers. § Sidi Yahaya, a distinguished Marabbut. Vou. IV.—M 46 ON THE BERBER LANGUAGE. * a aoe. Imitation. Sel hey, tte Th’ errafka ’s gone—O great bofessa, take - ipa} Me to the good man, nor me thus forsake; Take me to where [ shall behold his face, Taste his aminsee and his sweet embrace. Joyless he works, in gardens or in fields, His daily labour one poor tseman yields: His bread is saltless, and with that alone He longs and wishes for his chearful home. O! gentle Dove, quick spread your wings in flight, Speed to El-hamma and there pass the night: Ty Bear him these tokens, my necklace, my ring, $ ™ My bracelets, my pendents, my ev’ry thing. Oh, Sidi Yahaya! grant us blessings and life, And pardon the sins of the man and his wife. A BERBER TALE. WITH AN INTERLINEAL TRANSLATION. . >= Eweth el marra bekri, ennan, irouh ewan _ itheddou One time long ago, __ they say, went one traveller ‘adh-ouabzeed alemmi adh-ewan ad-el-hal ouméda itswals addakhan. in the road till y one _ place solitary hesaw ~asmoke. Ikabbel ghar-dhinna alemmi iwouad; gaf adh-ewan awergez He approached towards there till he arrived; he found one of man ala metsa; ouahedas dha-oudeou, adh-seen el-bizan, etletsa except him; alone he with a horse, | with two falcons, three © ibrahash; adhiker ~esbach, adhirkeb aoudeou, yawee ibrahash, pointer dogs; he rises in the morning, mounts — horse, takes pointers, irouh, enagh ella-asha 1 mehella, | onahedas ekled; eyan weed — went, fights . tillevening with troops, alone he he returns; those with itsnagh esmouansen Ifragatin; alemmi adh-ewan — aouess he fought their name Ifragatin; ’ till one day ennanassen, amek aranahadem? efan ewan aouamghar | they said themselves, _ how shall we do? they find one of old man \ ¥ ~ ° “" ON THE BERBER LANGUAGE. 47. isseulasen, ennanas, amek? enniassen, ashou erkeb? _hespoke to them, ~ they say to him, how? he says to them, what rides? ennanas, dha-oudeou, inannou seen ibrahash adh-seen el-bizan. they say to him, a horse, besides two pointers and two falcons. Enniassen : awethes _setsa_ el-khaleth adh-seen thibrahash He says tothem: ‘take to him six women and two pointer bitches adh-seen _el-bizan dha seeneth thagmareen. Azek annetan ‘and two falcons (female) and two, mares. The morrow the other khademan akenni; mioutan, netsa iwouad, azwouran. El-khaleth they do so; ._ they arrive, he arrives, go before. The women akenni edtizra erra. = adahnis © ghoor-sent; ibrahash oozlan’ ‘when —he saw them ‘moved — heart his towards them; pointers run ghoor-thibrahash, el bizan akenni, asadeou dra-genta; akenni izra to the bitches, ~ the falcons so, horse he also; when - he saw yarrash ghaf-thegamareth ; azzinas, atfant, awouint. jumped . upon the mare; — they surround him, take him, carry him off. Ikka _setsa ayam; had ennias, athnenogh; had ennias, asel; He remained ‘six. days; one said, I will kill him; — one said, not so; ikrad ewan enniasan, — ghot: adjmanas esgaran: essarghant. rose one said, . I will kill him: they collected him wood: they burn him. * , . Athfook. Ended. al Free Translation. _ Once upon a time, they say, there was a man travelling on a journey, when he came to a solitary place, where he saw smoke. He approached it, and found.one man, accompanied by his horse, two falcons and three pointer dogs. This man rose in the morning, mounted his horse, took his pointers with him, and went to fight with the troops of a certain tribe. He alone contended with them till the evening, and then re- turned.. The name of the tribe with which he fought, was Ifragatin. This he continued to do for some time; when at last the people of the tribe said, What shall we do? They resort toan old man, to ask his counsel. He asked them, How is the man mounted? They replied, Besides his horse, he has two falcons and three pointers. The old -48 ; ON THE BERBER LANGUAGE. man then said, Take with you to the battle six women, two pointer bitches, two female falcons, and two mares. On the morrow they followed the advice of the old man. When they arrived on the field of battle, they sent the six women in advance. When they were perceived by the enemy, the passion of love inflamed his heart, the pointers ran off after the bitches, the falcons flew to their females, and the horse rushed to a mare. The men of the tribe at this moment came up, surrounded and seized them. The solitary enemy remained a prisoner for six days, when some of the tribe advised. his death, but others opposed it. A'tlast one man rose up, and said, He shall be killed. Faggots were then piled around him, which they lighted, and burned him to death. ; a = 4 . :! ; ~ ae * -¢ uty a r ' 1 R ’ e Y Tan , . ‘ * mre * * sl aa t 4 ’ A. ’ id ade F 4a}por, ‘ “* aed | = * . ei ° : 4 ry £ P y * - ; > SS * b, a > ad a se =f jd. So J "2 E ( ca " , = Pet te * 3 he Wate ‘. : - = - . “a — =. + on 2 * — per ; - a po > as + - ¢ me . eee. 6> ' = ee i . he a, < é - 2 - 7 a ; s = a on 5 a - > i ntra Poise i Me r as : - ; a oe ; PAS 3 ; TORE ant Al ° ‘aid vom ‘ - : 4 2 a * ee : . f > ‘ ‘ * = a ' t be ' - - is = - » a 7 ‘ ’ . - » = ; — a ue” ie . eo r* Yot.4 Plt. — ee if BFAi | eer ee JF Whettield Del ¥ SAIRRACENIA CALCEOLATA. * a 49 “wT ne . NO. I. Description of a new species of Sarracenia. By Thomas Nuttall. . Read May 7th, 1830. AMONG the more curious new species of plants which I have lately detected, in a pedestrian tour of twelve hundred miles through the states of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Florida, is the fol- lowing: SARRACENIA *CALCEOLATA. ~ Pumila; ascidiis reclinatis, tubo ventricoso, operculo subgloboso-inflato carinato, _ gine intruso-inflexo, ore subrotundo parvo. Description. A very distinct and dwarf species, about the relative size of §. adunea, but lower. The autumnal ascidia are furnished with broad leafy ridges running along the upper edge of the tube; these appendages become much narrower in the vernal ones, but their very similar character throughout each section of the genus renders their specific employ wholly useless: the ordinary ascidia are short and reclinate, with a ventricose tube scarcely ever exceeding three or four inches in length. The operculum (unlike all the other species) is confluent with the tube and of a singular, inflated, globular form, carinate above, bluntly pointed and uncinately curved, with the edges broadly inflected, so as to leave only a circular opening, as in the lip of the Cypripedium, which this appendage indeed wholly resembles ; its colour is usually a fine purple-red, varied and reticulated with varioloid diaphanous whitish meshes somewhat similar to those of the operculum Vou. IV.—N 50 DESCRIPTION OF A of S. variolaris ; the inner side of the tube is almost throughout lined with long coarse reflected hairs, which must thus render it a formidable trap to all winged insects. Interfoliar stipules small and ovate. Scape a little longer than the ascidium, Flowers nearly the size of those of S. purpurea, the petals lingulate-oblong, dark blood-red ; twice the length of the calyx; the angles of the peltate stigma deeply emar- ginate. Habitat. West Florida, near Tallahassee (ten miles west, rare). Very abundant in Tatnal county, Georgia, particularly within a few miles of the new court-house ; growing with S. variolaris and S. flava, in the drier sphagnous marshes, by the margins of the “ Bay-galls” or ponds, in the usual sandy pine-forests. Flowering time, March to April :—confined to about the latitude of thirty to thirty-two degrees. Observation 1st. The natural affinity of this very singular North American genus continues to demand investigation. After many fruitless attempts on my own part, I have at length had the satisfaction of observing the germination of S. purpurea in the collection of Mr Hibbert of Philadelphia, who very opportunely called my attention to the subject ; this species, then, has perfectly distinct, long, linear cotyle- dons ; probably, from their appearance, folded and involute within the seed. At present, we cannot but consider the Sarracenia as the type of a distinct order Sarraceniacex, bearing some remote affinity perhaps with the Nympheacee. Most of the species are confined to the more temperate regions south of Virginia. Observation 2d. The genus now presents three sections in the form of the ascidia. In the first, the ascidia are erect and tubular, in the form of trum- pets, with the operculum /ree and reflected. In this are included S. flava and S. Catesbyana, lately restored by Mr Elliott. In these the flowers are yellow*. * To the first section (with S. flava and S. Catesbyana) may also be added, to me an obscure species, S. rubra of Walter, ‘ foliis erectis tubulatis, valva plana erecta,” which, as Mr Hooker remarks in his Exotic Flora, Vol. I. p. 14, cannot certainly be the S. pstttacina of Micheaux, (a species with which I am familiar from the very places quoted by the discoverer), in which the operculum is always strongly recurved as well as arched. The figure given by Mr Hooker, t. 13, also perfectly accords with Walter’s character; the ascidium in fact being erect, and very similar to that of S. flava, except in the greater dilatation of the summit of the tube. In this species the flower is a deep red. NEW SPECIES OF SARRACENIA. 51 In the second section, the ascidia are ventricose and reclinate, with the operculum /ree and arched over the aperture of the tube. The relative order of this section to the preceding will be S. adunea, somewhat allied to the preceding in the almost erect tube ;—then S. purpurea, of which, near Northampton, Massachusetts, there exists a yellow-flowered variety ;—S. variolaris, with the operculum also strongly arched, and marked with diaphanous reticular meshes, the flowers yellow; in the two other species they are a dark brownish red. Our present new species, S. calceolata, will form a third section, characterized by producing reclinate ventricose ascidia, having the operculum confluent with the tube, and with the margin reflected inwards, so as to leave only a circular foramen passing into the tube ; it is also like S. variolaris, marked with diaphanous discoloured meshes. The flower is deep red. This is the most southern species yet discov- ered, and confined apparently to about the parallel of the thirtieth degree. 52 NO. Ii. Description of a Species of Orang, from the north-eastern province of British East India, lately the kingdom of Assam. By Richard Harlan, M_D., Sc. Read November 19th, 1830. Simra, Linn.—Himorartes, Ilig. S. Hoolock. Colour of the skin and hair, deep black ; canine teeth very long; a band of whitish grey hairs over each eye. Dimensions. Total length, about two feet six inches. Humerus eight inches nine- tenths ; radius nine inches ; hand, from the beginning of the wrist to the end of the fingers, six inches ; inferior extremities about thirteen inches ; the foot six inches. Habitat. Garrow-Hills, Assam, and probably extending into China between latitudes twenty-five and twenty-seven degrees north. Cab. of A. NV. S. Philadelphia. The present specimen is an adult male; and forms one of three individuals which lived some time in possession of Dr M. Bur- rough, who has lately returned from India, with a magnificent col- lection of rare and valuable skins of birds and quadrupeds, selected principally from the plains of the Burrampooter river. Dr Burrough informs me, that there is not much exterior difference between the adult male and female. The young, we shall have occasion to notice, possesses several characteristic marks. They were all taken on the Garrow-Hills, in the vicinity of Goalpara, in the latitude of twenty-six degrees north; they very soon became tamed, especially the young one; they were docile, affectionate, and rather inclined to melan- choly. According to the accounts of the natives, these animals are not found south of the regions specified. There can not be the least ” One Halt size ot Nature One Fitth size of Nature One Fourth size of Nature. QTATT A HOO. O CK. apne ath as y . oa et 4 i ; rh ‘i, Ain 4 1 e } or " ¥ ¥ i y u 1 ie i \ ‘ 1 s ¢ pig vey oe: rele’, i Ay < ae fe. tA, ee: Oe ey if 4 b , : A . : ; i aes : : : ; £ oe a + tt Ce | see - Soe *3 AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 87 My Cabinet. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. Cabinet of P. H. Nicklin. Cabinet of R. E. Griffith, M.D. © Cabinet of Academy of Natural Sciences. Diam. °3, ; Length -5, Breadth 1 inch. Shell subelliptical, transverse, thick; substance of the shell thick; beaks slightly prominent; ligament short; epidermis dark, and finely wrinkled; rays green, hair-like, and undulating, particularly on the posterior half; cardinal tooth double, and deeply cleft in the left valve and single in the right; lateral teeth short, straight, thick and enlarged towards the posterior end ; posterior and anterior cicatrices both distinct, the smaller posterior one being placed directly over the larger and beneath the point of the lateral tooth; dorsal cicatrices situated in the centre of the cavity of the beaks; cavity of the beaks shallow and arched; cavity of the shell small and irregularly undulated; nacre pearly white and iridescent. Remarks.—This little species first attracted my attention about three years since, when I had seen but a single specimen. Although a very small shell, I felt satisfied it possessed the characters of an adult, and my curiosity being much excited in regard to it, I made many efforts to obtain other individuals. For several of these I am indebted to the kindness of Dr Hildreth of Marietta and to Mr Robert Peter and J. §. Craft, Esq. of Pittsburg. The fabalis most resembles the parvus of Barnes. It has nearly the same size and outline ; but differs much in the thickness of the valves and in the beaks. The fabalis is covered with rays, the parvus has none. Unio Sotenirormis. Plate X. fig. 17. Testa angusto-elliptica, transversa, compressa, inequilaterali, ad finem utrum- que rotundaté ; valvulis tenuibus ; natibus prominulis ; valvula utraque tuberculum 88 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, parvum et simplicem in loco dentis cardinalis habente ; dentibus lateralibus, longis, rectis, et valde imperfectis ; margarita ceruleo-alba et iridescente. 4 Shell narrow-elliptical, transverse, compressed, inequilateral, rounded at both ends; valves thin; beaks slightly prominent; cardinal tooth a simple, small tubercle in both valves; lateral teeth long, straight and very imperfect ;- nacre bluish white and iridescent. Hab. Ohio, T. G. Lea. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Dr Hildreth, Marietta, Ohio. Diam, 1:1, Length 1-7, Breadth 4-3 inches. Shell narrow-elliptical, transverse, rounded at both ends, compressed from the beaks to the basal margin over the umbones, slightly arcuated on the basal margin; posterior margin much compressed, substance of the shell thin; beaks minutely undulated, slightly prominent and approaching the anterior margin; ligament long and thick; umbones and inferior parts flattened ; umbonial slope rounded and elevated ; epi- dermis very dark brown and wrinkled; cardinal tooth formed of a simple small tubercle in both valves, larger in the right valve: lateral teeth straight, and so imperfect as to be divided, even in the left valve, only near the posterior end ; anterior cicatrices distinct; posterior cica- trices confluent ; dorsal cicatrices situated under the plate between the cardinal and lateral teeth ; cavity of the beaks wide and shallow. Nacre bluish white and iridescent. Remarks.—A single specimen of this extraordinary and highly inte- resting shell came into my possession in 1827. The outline and teeth presented such an anomaly, that I was induced when I published my other memoirs on this family to lay it aside until I could better satisfy myself in regard to it. It was a very old individual, and I feared the peculiar characters it presented might have been produced by malfor- mation and extreme age. After two or three years of unwearied at- tempts, I fortunately procured from Mr T. H. Taylor of Louisville a junior and an adult specimen, both exceedingly perfect, the latter of which is here represented. This proteus family seems destined to perplex the zoologist and to lead him into an inexplicable labyrinth. The pre- AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 89 sent species forms a natural link between Unio and Anodonta, by means of this imperfect lateral tooth. & Unio Acutissrmus. Plate X. fig. 18. Testa angusto-elliptica, inequilaterali, postice acute angulaté; undulis a clivo umboniali divaricantibus; natibus prominulis; valvulis tenuissimis; dentibus cardi- nalibus parvis, lateralibus longis rectisque; margaritéd tenuissimd, colore salmonis tincta. Shell narrow-elliptical, inequilateral, transverse, acutely angulated behind, with undulations diverging from the umbonial slope ; beaks slightly prominent ; valves very thin; cardinal teeth small; lateral teeth long and straight; nacre salmon-coloured and very thin. Hab. Alabama river, Judge Tait. My Cabinet. Diam. -4, Length °5, Breadth 1-1 inches. Shell narrow-elliptical, transverse, acutely angulated behind, with undulations diverging from the umbonial slope ; substance of the shell very thin; beaks slightly prominent and placed about one third the distance from anterior margin; ligament linear; epidermis yellow, smooth and shining; cardinal teeth small and single in both valves; lateral teeth long and straight; anterior cicatrices distinct; posterior cicatrices confluent ; dorsal cicatrices within the cavity of the beaks ; ca- vity of the beaks wide and shallow, nacre salmon-coloured and very thin. Remarks.—This minute shell, among the smallest of the species, is most nearly allied in outline to U. anodontoides. It differs from it in having undulations, and is totally dissimilar in point of magnitude. Vou. IV.—X 90 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, Unto Varicosus. Plate XI. fig. 20. ‘ Testa subelliptica, obliqua, poslice compressa, varicibus transversis et concentricis instructd ; valvulis precrassis ; natibus subterminalibus, prominentibus, incurvis ; dentibus cardinalibusmodicis; lateralibus longis,magnis et subrectis; margarita alba. Shell subelliptical, oblique, compressed behind, varicose, with transverse concentric elevations; valves very thick; beaks nearly terminal, elevated, incurved ; cardinal teeth rather small ; lateral teeth long, large and nearly straight ; nacre pearly white. Hab. Ohio river, T. G. Lea. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Prof. Vanuxem. Cabinet of P. H. Nicklin. Diam. 2-1, Length 3, Breadth 4-2 inches. Shell subelliptical, oblique, compressed and rounded behind, varicose from near the beak to basal margin, with transverse concentric eleva- tions along the lines of successive growth; substance of the shell very thick; beaks nearly terminal, elevated, incurved; ligament long and large ; epidermis reddish brown; cardinal tooth rather small, direction same as lateral tooth, widely cleft in the left valve, in the right valve emerging from a pit; lateral teeth Jong, large and nearly straight; an- terior and posterior cicatrices both distinct; dorsal cicatrices situated on the lower part of the cardinal tooth, and on the under side of the plate between the cardinal and lateral teeth; cavity of the beaks rather deep and rounded ; nacre pearly white. Remarks.—This species most resembles the U. Zsopus (Green). It differs from it, however, in being rounded behind, in the beaks being nearly terminal, in the varices being less elevated and more trans- verse; and in the absence of elevations along the umbonial slope. There being no varicose undulations on young individuals, which are generally obscurely radiated, it is difficult for the unpractised eye to recognize the species to which they belong. | Unio vartcosus Symphynoter bilureata. . * Unio custaneus Drawn by T_Draeton PL. XII -Vol. +- ey & se AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 91 Unto Casranrvs. Plate XI. fig. 21. Testa subelliptica, inequilaterali, obliqud, inflata; valvulis crassis; dentibus car- dinalibus magnis; lateralibus subrectis brevibusque; margarita maxime fulgente et iridescente. be Shell subelliptical, inequilateral, oblique, inflated; valves thick; cardinal teeth large; lateral teeth nearly straight and short; nacre very pearly and iridescent. Hab. Alabama river, Judge Tait. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. ; Cabinet of P. H. Nicklin. Diam. -6, Length °8, Breadth 1 inch. Shell subelliptical, oblique ; substance of the shell thick; beaks pro- minent and situated towards the anterior margin; ligament short; epi- dermis slightly wrinkled, dark brown anterior to the umbonial slope, and yellowish posterior, where there are a few obsolete rays; cardinal tooth large, slightly elevated, deeply cleft in the left valve and emerg- ing from a pit in the right valve; lateral teeth short and nearly straight; posterior and anterior cicatrices both distinet ; dorsal cicatrices situated on the under part of the cardinal tooth within the cavity ; cavity of the beaks wide and shallow; nacre very pearly and iridescent. Remarks.—This small species is allied to the U. cireulus (Nob.) in colour and to U. ellipsis (Nob.) in form. It has the posterior slope yellow, which is so in the circulus. The specimen described and figured here is not more than one fourth of the size of an imperfect specimen which accompanied it. Unio Mouxtistrriatus. Plate XII. fig. 22. Testa striata, transversd, inequilaterali; natibus prominulis; umbonibus rugo- sis; dente cardinali obliquo, laminato, in valvula sinistra unico, in dextra duplici; dente laterali longo et subrecto; margarita ce@ruleo-alba. 92 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, Shell striate, transverse, inequilateral; valves thin; beaks slightly prominent ; um- bones rugose; cardinal tooth oblique, lamelliform, single in the left valve and dou- ble in the right; lateral tooth long and nearly straight; nacre bluish white. Hab. Brazil, Mrs Mawe. $ My Cabinet. Diam. -7, Length 1, Breadth 1-9 inches. Shell subrectangular, transverse, slightly compressed and rounded nearly alike at both ends; substance of the shell rather thin; beaks slightly prominent, surrounded by wrinkles forming acute angles with each other, extending over the umbones and some distance down the umbonial slope ; ligament linear; epidermis dark brown and wrinkled ; cardinal tooth oblique, lamelliform, s¢rg/e in the left valve and double in the right; lateral teeth long, lamelliform and nearly straight ; anterior and posterior cicatrices both confluent; dorsal cicatrices in the centre of the cavity of the beaks; cavity of the beaks wide and shallow; nacre bluish white and slightly iridescent in posterior margin. 3 Remarks.—The specimen from which the above description was made was sent to me by Mrs Mawe of London. ‘This species approaches in outline to some of the varieties of the U. complanatus (Solan.). In the flexuous rugosities of the beaks it resembles the U. corrugatus (Lam.) and U. cxruleus (Nob.). It differs however from them both in outline. Unto Decisus. Plate XII. fig. 23. Testa inequilaterali, obliqua, cuneaté, scalend, crassdque; valvulis percrassis; na- tibus elevatis, incurvatis, fere terminalibus; dentibus cardinalibus aliquantulum par- vis, lateralibus crassis; margarita alba. Shell inequilateral, oblique, wedge shaped, scaleniform and thick; valves very thick; beaks elevated, incurved, nearly terminal ; cardinal teeth rather small; lateral teeth thick ; nacre pearly white. Hab. Alabama river, Judge Tait. ee: a AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 7 93 My Cabinet. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. Cabinet of H. C. Carey. Cabinet of P. H. Nicklin. Cabinet of the American Philosophical Society. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Cabinet of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. Diam, 1:4, Length 1-7, Breadth 3-2 inches. Shell wedge-shaped, thick anteriorly and scaleniform; substance of the shell thick anteriorly and thin posteriorly ; beaks nearly terminal, prominent and incurved, generally decorticated; ligament rather small; epidermis yellowish brown, sometimes possessing oblique, in- distinct, brown rays; cardinal tooth short and slightly elevated, in the left valve double and deeply cleft, in the right valve emerging from a pit; lateral teeth thick and curving over the cardinal teeth; posterior and anterior cicatrices both distinct; the smaller posterior cicatrix sit- uated against the lateral tooth at its termination; dorsal cicatrices sit- uated on the under part of the cardinal tooth; cavity of the beaks not deep, rounded; nacre thick and pearly anteriorly, thin and iridescent posteriorly. Remarks.—This species resembles the scalenia of Rafinesque, but more closely approaches the patulus (Nob.) and truncatus* (Swain- son). It differs from the patulus in the rays being uninterrupted, and in being much thicker. From the truncatus it differs greatly in the cardinal tooth and in being wedge shaped and not cylindrical. * J will take advantage of this opportunity to correct an error, in stating in a former pa- per that Lamarck and other European conchologists erroneously made the genus Unio femi- nine. I should then have mentioned that Mr Swainson was an exception. Vou. IV.—Y . 94 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, Unto Currinus. Plate XII. fig. 24. Testa ovaia, transversa, inequilaterali, inflata, postico latere latissimo; valvulis tenuibus; natibus parvis undulatisque; dentibus cardinalibus exiguis, lateralibus laminatis; ligamento longo; margarita cupred. Shell reversely ovate, transverse, inequilateral, inflated; valves thin; beaks small and undulated; cardinal teeth small; lateral teeth thin and lamellar; Renee NDE nacre copper ae Hab. Mexico, J. R. Poinsett, Esq. My Cabinet. Cabinet of the American Philosophical Society. Diam. °9, Length 1-1, Breadth 2°1 inches. Shell reversely ovate, transverse, inflated, disposed to be straight in the basal margin; substance of the shell thin; beaks small, pointed, furnished with concentric undulations and placed near the anterior margin; ligament long, lanceolate; umbonial slope large and rounded ; posterior slope elevated into a carina; epidermis reddish brown and wrinkled ; rays obsolete; cardinal teeth very small and tuberculated ; lateral teeth slender, lamellar and nearly straight; anterior and poste- rior cicatrices both confluent; dorsal cicatrices in the centre of the cavity of the beaks; cavity of the beaks wide; nacre copper colour and very brilliant towards the posterior margin. Remarks.—This remarkable shell is one of the many fine specimens of the splendid collection of interesting subjects brought by our fellow member J. R. Poinsett, Esq. from Mexico, and which, by his munifi- cence, now constitutes a valuable part of the collection of this society. — a In comparing this species with the others of the genus, we shall find it most to resemble the complanatus (Solan.). It differs however in having the posterior dorsal margin more elevated, in the peculiar cop- per colour of the nacre, and in the concentric undulatiens of the beaks. In the specimens which I have had an opportunity of examining, the anterior cicatrices were found to be confluent, a circumstance rarely met with in the Uniones. PL, .XIl ,Vol. 4 ea AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 95 4 mo *, ¢ Unio Cxrvteus. Plate XIII. fig. 25. Testa angusto-ellipticd, transversa, inequilaterali, subcylindracea; valvulis ten- uibus; natibus prominulis, rotundatis et undulatis; dentibus cardinalibus lamelli- formibus, et in dextra valvula sola duplicibus; lateralibus rectis; margarita ceru- leo-alba et iridescente. ’ Shell narrow-elliptical, transverse, inequilateral, subcylindrical; valves thin ; beaks rather elevated, rounded and undulated; cardinal teeth lamelliform and double in the right valve only: lateral teeth straight; nacre bluish white, pearly and irides- cent. Hab. River Hoogly, Hindostan, G. W. Blakie. My Cabinet. Cabinet of G. W. Blakie. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. Cabinet of P. H. Nicklin. Cabinet of H. C. Carey. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Cabinet of Dr Burrough. Diam. °6, Length °8, Breadth 1-6 inches. Shell narrow-elliptical, transverse, subcylindrical, disposed to be straight on the sides and basal margin ; substance of the shell thin ; beaks near the anterior margin rounded, somewhat elevated, and corrugated with diverging undulations; ligament rather short and straight; epi- dermis finely wrinkled and bluish green, particularly on the posterior part; rays very indistinct; posterior slope furnished with small undu- lations and two irregular rays on each side ; cardinal teeth lamelliform and double in the right valve only; lateral teeth straight and lamelli- form; anterior cicatrices distinct ; posterior cicatrices confluent; dor- sal cicatrices within the cavity of the beaks; cavity of the beaks wide and rounded; nacre bluish white, very pearly and iridescent. Remarks.—This species was brought from Calcutta by Mr Blakie, to whose kindness I am indebted for it and many other fine shells. e 96 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, As far as I have been able to ascertain, it has not been described. From the roughness of the beaks it might perhaps be thought to be only a variety of corrugata (Lam.). On comparing the two spe- cies, however, they will be found to be entirely distinct; the corru- gata being “ovato-rhombea,” while the cxruleus is “angusto-ellip- tica.” In some specimens the nacre is slightly rose-coloured along the basal margin. Unio Opesus. Plate XIII. fig. 26. Testa rhomboides-ovata, obliqua, inequilaterali, inflata; valvulis subcrassis; na- tibus prominulis; dentibus cardinalibus elevatis, compressis cristatisque; lateralibus longis et curvatis; margarita livido-alba. Shell ovate-rhomboidal, oblique, inequilateral, inflated ; valves somewhat thick; beaks rather prominent; cardinal teeth elevated. compressed and crested; lateral teeth long and curved; nacre livid white. Hab. York river, Vir., William Cooper. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Lyceum of Natural History of New York. Diam. 1°5, Length 2, Breadth 3-3 inches. Shell ovate-rhomboidal, oblique, inflated, angular behind; substance of the shell somewhat thick ; beaks rather prominent and placed near the anterior margin; posterior slope wide and furnished with two im- pressed lines on each side; ligament long and large; epidermis fuscous and much wrinkled ; rays obsolete; cardinal teeth oblique, elevated, lamellar, crested, deeply cleft in the left valve; lateral teeth long, curved and enlarged towards the posterior termination ; anterior cica- trices distinct ; posterior cicatrices disposed to be distinct ; dorsal cica- trices form a row across the cavity of the beaks; cavity of the beaks rounded and deep; nacre livid white and iridescent on the posterior margin. Remarks.—This is one of the specimens so disinterestedly contri- buted to our Transactions by the Lyceum of Natural History of New AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 97 York. Its natural situation seems to be between the cariosus (Say), and complanatus (Solan.), It has the capaciousness of the former, and somewhat of the outline of the latter. Unto Incuryus. Plate XIII. fig. 27. Testa ovato-rhombed, transversi, inequilaterali; valvulis antice crassis, postice lenuibus; natibus rugosis, prominentibus incurvisque; dentibus cardinalibus ele- vatis cristatisque, lateralibus longis et subcurvis; margarita albd et iridescenle. Shell ovate-rhomboidal, transverse, inequilateral ; yalves thick anteriorly and thin posteriorly; beaks rugose, prominent and incurved; cardinal teeth elevated and crested; lateral teeth long and slightly curved; nacre pearly white and iridescent. Hab. ***. From Gibraltar, Mrs Mawe. ‘My Cabinet. Diam. 1, Length 1-4, Breadth 2.1 inches. Shell ovate-rhomboidal, transverse, slightly inflated; substance of the shell thick and white anteriorly, thin and iridescent posteriorly ; beaks prominent, large, incurved and rugose, with small concentric un- dulations : ligament rather short and thick ; epidermis yellowish brown ; rays oblique and green; cardinal tooth elevated, crested and divided in the left valve, in the right simple and recuryed; lateral tooth long, slightly curved and enlarged at posterior termination; anterior cica- trices distinct ; posterior cicatrices confluent; dorsal cicatrices situated on the under part of the cardinal tooth; cayity of the beaks wide and angulated ; nacre white on the anterior, and iridescent on the posterior portion. Remarks.—This shell, although it possesses no very striking char- acter, cannot be placed with any American or exotic described species with which I am acquainted. It was sent to me by Mrs Mawe with the locality “from Gibraltar” on the label, and I have little doubt but that it came from some neighbouring African river. It certainly does not belong to any described European species. It bears more resem- Vou. IV.—Z 98 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, blance to the corrugata, Var. a (Lam.), than to any other species I have seen. It differs, however, in being more transverse, in the beaks being more prominent, and in their rugosities being composed of con- centric undulations. SympuynoTa Bruineata. Plate XI. fig. 19. Testa subellipticd, transversd, inequilaterali, compressa; valvulis tenuissimis; posteriori margine dorsali elevata connataque; natibus subprominulis, undulas concentricas ef duas lineas elevatas ad marginem posteriorem currentes, habentibus; dentibus cardinalibus laminatis et in valvuld dextré solum duplicibus; lateralibus rectis; margarita colore salmonis subtinctd. Shell subelliptical, transverse, inequilateral, compressed; valves very thin, poste- rior dorsal margin elevated and connate; beaks very slightly elevated, concentri- cally undulate and possessing two elevated lines which pass to the posterior margin; cardinal teeth lamelliform and double in the right valve only; lateral teeth straight; nacre slightly salmon coloured. : Hab. River Hoogly, Hindostan, G. W. Blakie. My Cabinet. Cabinet of G. W. Blakie. Cabinet of Dr Burrough. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Diam. :3, Length -7, Breadth 1-3 inches. Shell subelliptical, transverse, inequilateral, compressed, diaphanous ; substance of the shell extremely thin; beaks very slightly elevated, concentrically undulate, possessing two small elevated lines which pass (posterior to the umbonial slope) to the posterior margin; valves elevated into a carina and connate in the posterior dorsal margin; dor- sal margin a right line; ligament very small; epidermis shining, green- ish yellow, darker on the posterior slope; cardinal teeth lamelliform and double in the right valve only; lateral teeth lamelliform, long and straight; posterior and anterior cicatrices both confluent; dorsal cicatrices obsolete; cavity of the beaks shallow, very wide, and \ PL. Vol.4. Drawn by J.Drayton . AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 99 exhibiting the undulations of the beaks; nacre very thin and slightly salmon coloured, darker in the cavity of the beaks. Remarks.—This very small species was “brought from Calcutta by Mr Blakie, with the U. czruleus (Nob.). Both were procured about one hundred miles above that city. It resembles, in its outward char- acters, the young of S. cygnea (Anod. cygnea, authors). It is, how- ever, more transverse, and differs altogether in the formation of the hinge, which is furnished with perfect cardinal and lateral teeth. In the peculiar character of the double tooth in the right valve, it resem- bles the S. ochracea.* The bilineata is easily distinguished by the two delicate lines which pass from the beaks to the posterior margin. SympnynoTa Inruata. Plate XIV. fig. 28. Testa ovato-triangulari, inequilaterali, ventricosd; valvulis pertenuibus, connato- bialatis; dente cardinali in valvuld singula unico; dentibus lateralibus ad terminos laminatis; natibus prominulis; ligamento celato; margarité purpured. Shell triangular-ovate, inequilateral, ventricose; valves very thin, elevated into two wings, both of which are connate ; cardinal tooth single in both valves; lateral teeth bladed towards their termination ; beaks slightly prominent; ligament concealed ; nacre purple. Hab. Alabama river, Judge Tait. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. Cabinet of P. H. Nicklin. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Diam. 1-6, Length from the beaks to the base, 2-4, Breadth 4-5 inches. Length from the top of the wing to the base, 3-7 inches. Shell triangular-ovate, ventricose, transversely and finely wrinkled ; substance of the shell thin; valves elevated into a broad high wing pos- terior, and a small one anterior to the beaks, and connate in both ; pos- * See vol. iil. p. 455. 5 as 7 “ 100 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, terior wing recurved at top; beaks slightly prominent; ligament con- cealed in the wing; epidermis brown, with obsolete rays; two or three fuscous lines pass from the beak to the posterior margin above the um- bonial slope; cardinal tooth single in both valves, and lamelliform; lateral teeth bladed and elevated towards their termination; the two teeth form one continuous curve line (with the exception of a slight angle where they join) which is abrupt at both ends; anterior cicatri- ces distinct; posterior cicatrices confluent; dorsal cicatrices pass, from the cavity towards the anterior cicatrices, and are very perceptible: cavity of the beaks wide and shallow; nacre purple and iridescent. Remarks.—I am indebted, for this fine shell, to Judge Tait of Ala- bama, who kindly sent it to me with several other new species of fluvi- atile and terrestrial shells described in this paper. This species seems to form a natural link between S. levissima (Nob.) and S. bialata (Nob.). It resembles the former in eolour and in the teeth, but differs in the elevation of the wing, and in being less shiningand moreventricose. It resembles the latter in its elevated wing and general outline, but dif- fers from it in nacre, exterior colour, in net being possessed of undu- lations along the base of the posterior wing, and in the teeth. Meanra Suputaris. Plate XV. fig. 30. Testa elevata, turrité, corned; apice acuto; anfractibus instar duodenis, planis; anfractu infimo in medio carinato; apertura alba, quadrante longitudinis testa. Shell elevated and acutely turrited, horn colour ; apex acute ; whirls about twelve, flat, carinate on the middle of the body whirl; base angulated; aperture white and one-fourth the length of the shell. Hab. Niagara river. My Cabinet. Diam. °4, Length 1-3 inches. Remarks.—I took this species at the Falls of Niagara, and being un- PL XV. Vol. 4. 29°. Melania dengala . +)20., 2 Melania acta . 35 Carocolla spinosa. 30. Msubularts . 32 Melex caroliniesis . 26 Valvata arenpera . 32. HM tubereulata . 2 Sarocolla helicoides . 7 . fo sisiyormis . con: i fie Y ; is ms ee, ra al if i hike oe ve AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. ~ 101 > able to refer it to any described species, have given it a place here. It resembles the virginica (Say), but differs greatly in elevation, the virginica having about seven whirls only. ‘The carina causes the whirls to be flatter in the subularis, In some specimens the columella is purple. MEvanta Tupercunata. Plate XV. fig. 31, a, b. Testa obtuse turrild, lata, tenebroso-fusca aut nigrante; apice obtuso; anfractibus quinque; medio anfractis ultimi tuberculis instructo; labro enormiter curvo; basi angulatd; apertura purpurea, dimidium longitudinis testa habente. Shell obtusely turrited, wide, very dark brown or black; apex obtuse ; whirls five ; middle of the last whirl furnished with tubercles ; outer. lip irregularly curved ; base angulated ; aperture purple and one half the length of the shell. Hab. Tennessee river, Professor Vanuxem. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. Cabinet of P. H. Nicklin. Cabinet of Academy of Natural Sciences. Diam. -5, Length -9, of an inch. Remarks.—This species is somewhat allied to the M. armigera (Say), but is smaller and much less ponderous. The tubercles are more numerous and less elevated. In the tuberculata the impressed band, which exists in the armigera above the armature, is wanting. In co- lour it differs altogether, > Meranta Acura. Plate XV. fig. 32. Testa acute turrita, tenui, corned; apice acuto; anfractibus octo, supra suturam carinatis, in longum undatis, transversim lineatis; basi angulald; apertura albé, quadrantem longitudinis teste habente. Vou. IV.—2 A aa e- 102 OBSERVATIONS ON NATADES, . Shell acutely turrited, thin, horn-ccloured ; apex acute ; whirls eight, carinate im- mediately above the suture, longitudinally undulated and transversely lineated ; base angulated ; aperture white, and one-fourth the length of the shell. Hab. Tennessee river, Professor Vanuxem. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Prof. Vanuxem. Diam. five-twentieths, Length thirteen-twentieths of an inch. Remarks.—I have seen no described species to which this bears a close resemblance. Its delicate form, furnished with undulations and transverse lines, will easily inuninre it. Hexrx Caroutntensis. Plate XV. fig. 33, a, b, c. Testd supra depress, infra inflata, oblique striata, fusca, imperforata; anfracti- bus quinque; spira maxime obtusa; apertura coarctata; labro albo, reflexo, latoque, duobus dentibus instructo, quorum inferior longus et laminatus, superior parvus et conicus est; columella dentem levatum incurvumgue habente; columelle basi valde impr essa. 4 Shell depressed above, inflated below, obliquely striated, fuscous, imperforate ; whirls five; spire very obtuse ; aperture contracted; outer lip white, broad and re- flected, furnished with two teeth, the inferior one long and lamellar, the superior one small and conical ; columella with an elevated incurved tooth ; base of the co- lumella much impressed. Hab. South Carolina near Cheraw. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Diam. fourteen-twentieths, Length seven-twentieths of an inch. Remarks.—I found a few specimens of this fine /elia while travel- ling through South Carolina three years since. (They were taken from beneath the bark of an old tree. It is closely allied to Mr Say’s pal- - AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 109 liata, but differs in the region of the base of the columella being more deeply impressed. The oblique striz are more distinct, and no speci- men which I obtained is in the least hirsute. Carocouia Hexicorpes. Plate XV. fig. 34, a, b, c. Pho Testi: orbiculati, fuscd, supra plano convexa, subtus inflata, imperforata, oblique striata; anfr fibus quinque; spird obtusissimd; apertura contractd; labro albo, lato et refleco, dentibus duobus instructo, quorum inferior longus et laminatus, superior parvus et conicus est; columelld dentem unicum, longum, elevatum et incurvum habente. Shell orbicular, fuscous, plano-convex above, inflated below, imperforate, ob- liquely striated; whirls five ; spire very obtuse ; aperture contracted ; outer lip white, broad, and reflected, furnished with two teeth, the inferior one long and lamellar, the superior one smail and conical ; columella with a long, elevated, incurved tooth. sitet: Tennessee, near Nashville, Professor Vanuxem. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. Helix palliata? Say, Var. a, Academy of Natural Sciences, Vol. II, p. 152. Diam. eighteen-twentieths, Length nine-twentieths of an inch. Remarks.—Among the fine shells brought by Professor Vanuxem some years since from a tour through the Western states were two specimens of this beautiful Carocolla. In its specific characters it resem- bles the Helix palliata of Say, and Helix caroliniensis described in this paper. It is destitute of the hirsute appearance of the palliata, and is entirely distinct in the flatness of the whirls of the spire. In _ the ea- roliniensis the base of the columelia is more impressed and the whirls more inflated. 104 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, Carocouna Sprvosa. Plate XV. fig. 35, a, by ¢. Testa lenticulari, tenui, pellucida, imperforata; carina acuta et spinis minutis mu- nité; anfractibus sex; spira fere plana; apertura angustissima; columella den- tem unicum longum et laminatum habente; labro enormiter crasso et prope finem superiorem angulato. Shell lenticular, thin, diaphanous, imperforate ; carina acute and armed with minute spines; whirls six; spire nearly planular ; aperture linear, being guarded by a long tooth on the columella; outer lip irregularly thick, angulated near the supe- rior termination. 5 Hab. Alabama near Clairborne, Judge Tait. My Cabinet. * Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Diam. eleyen-tweéntieths, Length four-twentieths of an inch. Remarks.—For this beautiful and highly interesting species I am indebted to the kindness of Judge Tait. Its peculiar delicate spines distinguished it from all described species. ‘These, however, when the specimens are not perfect, are entirely obliterated. In the construction of the aperture it is unlike every Carocolla I have seen, bearing much resemblance in this region to the Helix hirsuta (Say). VatyaTa ARENIFERA. Plate XV. fig. 36, a, b. Testa orbiculata, convexa; anfractibus tribus, qui arenis agglutinatis operiuntur; umbilico lato; spira obtusa. Shell orbicular, convex ; whirls three, covered by the agglutinations of sand ; um- bilicus wide ; spire obtuse. Hab. Cumberland river near Nashville, W. Cooper. My Cabinet. Cabinet of W. Cooper. AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 105 Cabinet of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Diam. five-twentieths, Length four-twentieths of an inch. Remarks.—This very curious and interesting species was among the fresh water shells so disinterestedly sent to me by the Lyceum of Na- tural History of New York to be examined and inserted in this paper. It has the singular property of strengthening its whirls by the agglu- tination of particles of sand, &c. by which it is entirely covered, and in this character it resembles the Zrochus agglutinans,Lam. (Trochus conchyliophorus, Authors.) The apex in all the specimens which I have had an opportunity of examining is broken. The operculum was observed in two specimens sufficiently perfect to exhibit a striated horny structure. SUPPLEMENT. Read before the American Philosophical Society, May 20th, 1831. SINCE my Memoir, read before the Society last May, went to press, I have procured several species which I believe to be undescribed ; and which I now propose to add as a supplement, with some preliminary observations. Having had an opportunity to examine many fine specimens within a few months, particularly those brought to this city by James Ronaldson, Esq. to whose kindness I am indebted for some very rare species, I have had an opportunity of observing some cclouring of the nacre which is exceedingly beautiful and rare. It is a singular fact, that several species, which may be considered, emphatically, as white in the nacre, vary slightly by being possessed, very rarely, of a tint of pink in the lateral and sometimes in the cardinal tooth or in the centre of Vor. IV.—2 B 106 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, the valve. In the cabinets of W. Cooper, Esq. and Mr R., as well as my own, are specimens of U. cylindricus whose pearly teeth are beau- tifully tinged with the most delicate and beautiful pink. The same cabinets possess also the U. securis with the lateral tooth tinted in the same manner. The U. mefanever has sometimes, though very rarely, a tint of pink, and still more rarely of nankeen yellow in the centre of the beaks. The U. circudus, as observed in a previous memoir, is sometimes, though rarely, possessed of a pink tint. Whether all the species with white nacre may sometimes be poss- essed of this beautiful variety remains to be observed. These rare and beautiful variations will undoubtedly, when our cabinets shall be possessed of all the rare species, constitute the jewels of our collections and be exceedingly sought after. The size to which some of the species of the Natades grow is ex- ceedingly great. I have in my cabinet the following species, of the weight and size annexed: Inches. Inches. lb. oz. U. plicatus, length 4-6, breadth 6:8, weight 1 10. U. multiplicatus 4:9, 6-2, Le We Symphynota alata* 4-2, aa; 0 11. Symphynota complanataj 5:1, 7:2, 0 15. Nearly all the specimens which I have seen of the U. soleniformis (nobis) were sent from Louisville. It struck me as somewhat singu- lar, that a species so fragile should exist about the falls of a large river, the force of whose waters there is well known. In explanation of this, I have been informed by Mr 'T. W. Taylor of that city, that they are found to congregate under large flatstones. Unacquainted with this fact he searched in vain for a long time without finding a single alive specimen, while odd valves were not uncommon. They were first discovered in this situation by raising a stone to take a common craw- fish, which had taken refuge there. This character seems to be pecu- liar to this species. My sister, Mrs Febiger of Cincinnati, mentioned to me a pe- * Unio alatus, Say. } Alasmodonta complanata, Barnes. » ify, AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 107 culiarity in the habits of the Unio oriens. This shell is possessed of so small a portion of nacre, that in some specimens the epidermis may be said to be as thick as the nacre itself. It is obvious therefore that the rolling of stones and sand carried by the rapidity of the current of the Ohio upon them, would destroy them if they took the same position with other species embedded merely in the surface of the sand. This they avoid, and, burying themselves from six to twelve inches in the sand, can als cS discovered by a small round hole at the surface through which they receive their supply of water. In the description of U. varicosus*, I ought to have mentioned that I did not hesitate to make use of that name, although already used by Lamarck, having no doubt but that his species was the lasmo- donta undulatat (Say). When making some observations on the family Naiades, Vol. III. p. 442, I ritentionedly in a note upon the genus Castalia, that it must be considered as a species of the genus Unio. Having recently procured from Paris a perfect specimen of it, I have given it a close examina- tion, and do not now feel by any means certain that it ought not, in the present received division of the family, to be considered a distinct genus. ‘The crenulations of the cardinal and lateral teeth in this speci- men are very distinct, which was not the case in the single valve which I formerly examined. In this character it has a slight approach to the family 2rcacea ; and Lamarck very justly says, “comme elle semble fluviatilet, elle indique que les trigonées forment une transition des arcacées aux nayades.” Lamarck, in his description of the Castalia, makes no mention of the position or existence of the muscular impressions of this genus. In examining this character, I have discovered that the same observa- tions made at page 67, in relation to the cicatrix of the extensor mus- cles of the Hyria avicularis, will equally well apply to the genus Cas- talia, and it is very remarkable that it should be so differently situated from the same cicatrix in the genus Unio. * See Vol. IV. p. 90. t See Vol. III. page 424. __ t There cannot be a doubt of its being fluviatile. ? a 42 eae 108 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, © In ascribing the locality of York river, Virginia, to the U. obesus, I have reason to believe there is an error. It was so labelled in the collection of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York; but this, Major Le Conte assures me, must have been done by some transfer or accidental change of the labels; as he procured them in Georgia, from whence he recently obtained a new supply of undoubtedly the same species, and those marked as from York river cannot be traced to that locality. The locality was a matter of surprize’to me when I re- ceived them as coming from that river. Unto Ottyarius. Plate XVI. fig. 38. Testé ovata, transversd, inflata, pellucida; valvulis pertenuibus; natibus promi- nulis; epidermide pertenui, levi et olive colorem habente; dentibus cardinalibus magnis laminatis erectisque, lateralibus laminatis brevibusque; margarita pertenut albaque. Shell ovate, transverse, inflated, pellucid; valves very thin; beaks slightly elevated; epidermis olive, very thin and smooth. Cardinal teeth large, erect and lamelli- form; lateral teeth short and lamelliform; nacre very thin, white and pearly. Hab. Burrill river, India, Dr Burrough. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Dr Burrough. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Cabinet of Dr Morton. Diam. -7, Length °8, Breadth 1-5 inches. Shell ovate, transverse, inequilateral, inflated, pellucid: substance of the shell very thin; beaks slightly elevated, rounded and devoid of un- dulations: ligament very small: epidermis olive, very thin and smooth: rays obscure, cardinal teeth large, erect and lamelliform; lateral teeth short and lamelliform : anterior cicatrices slightly confluent : posterior cicatrices confluent: dorsal cicatrices not perceptible; cavity of the beaks wide; nacre very thin and bluish white. veh PL.XVI Vol. 4. Unio pyramvdatus Unio trgonus Unto Olivarius Unio formosus « Drawn by J.Drayton . ‘mg ie ed fac a ae va es Ho OF, a Lp ae aa Be — * " ay * ; i AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 109 Remarks.—This interesting little shell is from the fine collection made by Dr Burrough during his travels in India, and I am indebted to his kindness for the specimen figured. It is a perfectly distinct species, and may easily be recognised by its form, its pellucidness, and its smooth olive-coloured epidermis. It somewhat resembles a young “inodonta on the exterior, but the elevated lamelliform teeth easily distinguish it from that genus. Its resemblance to a Spanish olive is very striking. Unio Pyrammatus. Plate XVI. fig. 39. Testa sub-pyramidata, longitudinali, inflata; valvulis antice crassioribus; nati- bus maxime prominentibus, recurvis; dentibus cardinalibus magnis crenatisque; lateralibus longis, a cardinalibus separatis, ad baseos marginem vergentibusque; margarita colorem carnis habente. o Shell sub-pyramidal, longitudinal, inflated; valves thick anteriorly, thinner pos- teriorly ; beaks very much elevated, recurved; cardinal teeth large and crenate ; lateral teeth long, distinct from the cardinal teeth and pointing towards basal mar- gin ; nacre flesh colour. Hab. Ohio, T. G. Lea. My Cabinet. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Cabinet of P. H. Nicklin. Unio undatus? Barnes, Var. a. isn, 1-7, Length 2:3, Breadth 2-4 inches. Shell sub-pyramidal, longitudinal, inequilateral, anterior part swol- len recurvely from the beaks to the basal margin, compressed at pos- terior margin, slightly depressed anterior to umbonial slope ; substance of the shell very thick in the region of the teeth and beaks, thin at posterior margin; beaks very much elevated, recurved and incurved ; epidermis very dark brown and finely wrinkled; cardinal teeth large, crenate and deeply impressed in the left valve, single and emerging from a pit in the right; lateral teeth long, slightly curved, distinct Vor. IV.—2 C af” 110 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, © from the cardinal teeth and pointing towards the basal margin; ante- rior cicatrices distinct, the great one forming a deep pit; posterior cicatrices distinct, the smaller one being placed at the end of the late- ral tooth; dorsal cicatrices situated on the under part of the cardinal tooth ; cavity of the beaks deep and angulated; nacre beautifully flesh coloured, very rarely white. Remarks.—-Vhis very beautiful and interesting shell has heretofore been considered as the U. mytiloides (Rafin.). It does not however answer either to the description or figure of that author. It may be easily distinguished from any described species of this genus by its ex- ceedingly élevated beaks, and beautiful nacre. In young individuals. indistinct rays may be observed on the beaks. Unio Triconus, Plate XVI. fig. 40. Testa sublriangulari, inflata, preclivo umboniali (quod carinatum est), depressa: valvulis crassis, natibus prominentibus, incurvis; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, lateralibus magnis et subcurvis; margarita alba et widescente. Shell subtriangular, inflated, depressed before the umbonial slope which is cari- nate ; valves thick ; beaks prominent, incurved ; cardinal teeth large; lateral teeth large and slightly curved ; nacre pearly white and iridescent. . . nae ; Ohio river at Cincinnati, T. G. Lea. Ohio river at Louisville, TT. H. Taylor. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. Cabinet of J. Ronaldson. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Diam. 1-5, Length 2, Breadth 2-3 inches. Shell subtriangular, inflated, nearly equilateral, depressed before the umbonial slope, angular behind ; umbonial slope carinate; basal mar- gin emarginate; substance of the shell thick, beaks prominent, in- & AND - oe OF NEW SPECIES. 11) curved, and slightly undulated at the tips; ligament short and thick ; epidermis brown; rays obsolete; cardinal tooth large, elevated and widely cleft in the left valve and emerging from a pit in the right valve; lateral teeth thick and curved in a direction over the cardinal tooth ; anterior and posterior cicatrices both distinct; dorsal cicatrices situated on the under part of the cardinal tooth; cavity of the beaks deep and angular ; nacre pearly white and iridescent. Remarks. This is rather a rare shell, and being of a group of the species which are known under the general name of Mytiloides (Rafin.), it has been considered merely a variety of that species. Having recently examined this group with very close attention and with the advantage of very many specimens, I am induced to believe that it may with great propriety be divided into four species, viz. my- tiloides (Rafin.), undatus (Barnes), pyramidatus (Nobis), and trigonus. Unio Formosus. Plate XVI. fig. 41. Testa triangulari, ventricosd, transversd; clivo posteriori subplano; radits irre- gularibus, interruptis, subacutis; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, lateralibus brevi- bus subrectisque; margarita alba. Shell triangular, ventricose, transverse, nearly flat on the posterior slope; rays irregular, interrupted, and somewhat pointed ; cardinal teeth large; lateral teeth short and nearly straight; nacre pearly white. Hab. Ohio river, 'T. G. Lea. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. Cabinet of P. H. Nicklin. Cabinet of the American Philosophical Society. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Cabinet of Peale’s Museum. Diam. 1, Length 1-1, Breadth 1-6 inches. 112 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, Shell triangular, ventricose, we 8 posterior slope wide, nearly forming a plane, and possessing numerous indistinct ribs; substance of the shell somewhat thick; beaks somewhat promi- nent and flattened; ligament short; epidermis yellowish, smooth and shining; rays numerous, irregular, interrupted and pointed somewhat like an arrow head, on the posterior slope they are very minute ; um- bonial slope carinate ; cardinal teeth large and double in both valves ; lateral teeth short, nearly straight and enlarged at posterior end ; an- terior eicatrices distinct; posterior cicatrices confluent; dorsal cicatri- ces situated on the under part of the cardinal tooth; cavity of the beaks deep and rounded; nacre pearly white. Remarks.—This beautiful shell has heretofore been considered as a variety of U. triangularis (Barnes). It has, however, I think, char- acters sufficiently distinctive to entitle it to rank among the species. It differs from that species essentially in being less flat on the poste- rior slope, in the umbonial slope being carinate and not rounded, in being less transverse and in possessing a sharper edge along the basal margin. In the ¢riangularis the greatest transverse diameter is nearer the basal margin than in this species. It is sometimes found much"larger than the specimen here represented, which is selected on account of its perfection. My largest specimen would weigh at least four times as much as this one. Unio Perriexus. Plate XVII. fig. 42. Testa ovata, obliqua, nodulorum seriem irregularem (fere mediis in valvulis) a natibus ad marginem baseos currentem habente; valvulis crassis; clivo umbonialt irregulariter rugato; radiis exiguis et numerosis; dentibus cardinalibus modicis, lateralibus longis subrectisque; margarita lacteo-alba. Shell ovate, oblique, having an irregular nodulous’ line near the middle from the beaks to the basal margin; valves thick ; umbonial slope irregularly wrinkled ; rays small and numerous; cardinal teeth rather small; lateral teeth long and nearly straight ; nacre milk white. Unio an qustatias Unto arceestormas ail a) ~~ AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. HIS Hab. Ohio river, T. G. Lea. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. q Cabinet of P. H. Nicklin. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Cabinet of the American Philosophical Society. Diam. 1°5, Length 1:9, Breadth 2-6 inches. Shell ovate, oblique, inequilateral, having an irregular nodulous line near the middle passing obliquely from the beaks to the basal margin; substance of the shell thick; umbonial slope irregularly wrinkled; an- * terior to the umbonial slope is a wide slightly impressed furrow; beaks prominent, rounded, and situated near the anterior margin ; liga- ment slender and somewhat long ; epidermis smooth, shining, yellow- ish, with numerous small green rays which thickly cover the whole disk except a small portion of the anterior part; cardinal teeth rather small, deeply cleft in the left valve, single and emerging from a pit in the right valve ; lateral teeth long, nearly straight, and slightly en- larged near the posterior end; anterior cicatrices distinct; posterior cicatrices confluent; dorsal cicatrices situated on the under part of the cardinal tooth; cavity of the beaks wide and rounded; nacre milk white, rarely rose coloured. Remarks.—This extraordinary and highly interesting shell formed one of the three divisions into which I had, in my cabinet, separated the U. cornutus (Barnes). The other division has been called by Dr Hildreth /foliatus. Having, since the publication of my last memoir*, received numerous young and perfect specimens, I have concluded that the study of this group would be facilitated by its sepa- ration into three species, which will stand thus; U. cornutus (Barnes), possessing three or four distinct horns between the beaks and basal margin; U. foliatus (Hildreth), having no elevation, but possessed of two elongations, one at the basal margin, the other at posterior margin; and U. perplexus (Nob.), possessed of an irregular oblique nodulous ridge * See note, Vol. III. p. 418. VoL. (V2? D 114 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, ® passing from the beaks to basal margin. The figure represents a per- fect and beautiful specimen. It sometimes occurs, however, with an extended posterior portion so large as to be nearly as wide again as the natural width of the shell. The pallial impression, nevertheless, does not advance beyond its natural position, and the space beyond is covered by a prolonged and hard portion of the fringe of the mantle. The irregularity of the nodules is very remarkable and varies from one on each valve to twelve. Where there are few, they are generally much elevated, and there being a correspondent depression in the other valve the specimen presents a remarkable, and distorted appearance. Speci- mens are occasionally found of a beautiful rose colour. ‘These, however, are very rare. ) Unto Aneustatus. Plate XVII. fig. 43. Testa transversa, sub-compressd, angusto-ellipticd; valvulis tenuibus; natibus prominulis et apicibus undulatis; radiis obsoletis; dentibus cardinalibus elevatis et ~ a 3 compressis, lateralibus longis, subrectisque ; margarita purpurea et iridescente. Shell transverse, somewhat compressed, narrow-elliptical, valves thin; beaks 4 slightly elevated and undulated at the tips; véry‘obsolete ; cardinal teeth elevated . and compressed ; lateral teeth long and nearly straight; nacre purple and iri- descent. : Hab. ; Congaree river, South Carolina. Cooper river, South Carolina, Professor Ravenel. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. a Cabinet of Professor Ravenel. '~ Cabinet of Major Le Conte. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Diam. 7, Length 1-1, Breadth 2-8 inches. Shell very transverse, somewhat compressed, very narrow-elliptical, inequilateral ; substance of the shell thin; beaks slightly elevated and q > =_— - a we 4 “ ~ % < * AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 115 undulated at the tips; ligament long and slender; epidermis reddish brown, rays obsolete; cardinal teeth elevated, compressed and crenu- late ; lateral teeth long, nearly straight and enlarged at the posterior end ; anterior cicatrices distinct; posterior cicatrices confluent; dorsal cicatrices situated in the angle of the cavity of the beaks; cavity of the beaks wide and shallow; nacre dull purple. Remarks.—This species resembles somewhat the Unio complana- tus (Soland.). It will, however, at once be distinguished by its great proportionate breadth. In this it resembles the U. nasutus (Say), but may be readily separated from that species by its want of the peculiar rays of the nasufus and the absence of its postericr enlargement. In the summer of 1827, I found several young and striking specimens of this species in the Congaree at Columbia, S. C. and I am recently in- debted to Professor Ravenel for several adult specimens, one of which is represented in the plate. In some specimens the umbonial slope is more elevated and the basal margin straight. I have a single specimen nearly white in the nacre; and they will, most probably, be found of a salmon colour, as well also of all the tints between these colours, similar to the U. complanatus with which and some other it seems to form a natural group*. * Extract from a letter recently received from Professor Ravenel. ‘I have been fortunate enough to obtain very good series of the two shells which I was anxious to submit to your examination, as well as a complete series of the complanatus in all the varieties in which it occurs in Cooper river and its tributary streams. This will enable you to compare the length- ened shell [the above described species] which I thought distinct, with such specimens of the complanatus as approach it, and to determine the point. Our shell resembles the nasutus closely, particularly the young shell, but is certainly distinct from it. Ihave never seen the ~ nasutus in this state or in North Carolina.” Charleston, South Carolina, May 27th, 1831. 116 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, nm ae Unro Arczrormis. Plate XVII. fig. 44. > Testé arceformi, valde ventricosa, transversa; clivo posteriori latissimo et sul- cum curvum habente; valvulis precrassis; radiis capillaribus; dentibus cardinalibus crassis, lateralibus brevibus rectisque; margarita alba. Shell arceeform, very ventricose, transverse ; posterior slope very wide and poss- essed of a curved furrow ; valves very thick; rays hair-like ; cardinal teeth thick ; lateral teeth short and straight ; nacre white. Hab. Tennessee river, Professor Vanuxem. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. Cabinet of W. Cooper. Diam. 2, Length 2, Breadth 2-5 inches. Shell subtriangular, very ventricose, transverse, inequilateral; pos- terior slope very wide, and nearly flat except at the termination of the ligament, possessed of a curved furrow enlarging from the beaks to the posterior margin ; substance of the shell very thick; beaks prominent and incurved ; ligament short and thick; epidermis yellowish brown ; rays hair-like and numerous ; cardinal teeth thick-and irregular ; late- ral teeth short, straight and crenate ; posterior cicatrices confluent ; an- terior cicatrices distinct ; dorsal cicatrices situated on the under part of the cardinal tooth; cavity of the beaks shallow and rounded; nacre white. Remarks.—I have been in possession of a single specimen of this species for some years. It was brought by Professor Vanuxem from the Tennessee river, and, being old, some of its characters have nearly disappeared. I frequently examined it with great interest, and felt persuaded it was a new species, although it strongly resembled the fr7- angularis (Barnes). A young and an adult specimen, recently sent me from New York by that excellent naturalist W. Cooper, proves it beyond a doubt to be a distinct species. In its rays it differs altogether from the ériangularis; it is dissimilar also in the thickness of the valves and PL. XVII, Vol_4. nee Unte sudovctus . * 117 a of two remarkable curved furrows on the umbonial in the engraving is chosen on ac- e beaks are notin a perfect state of ement and dentate appearance of the poste- arkable in this and some other of the species. tly in 1 the sulcatus (Nobis), and has been par- n the remarks on that species*. This variety of male has been considered by Mr Say as a distinct species, to which he has given the name of ridibundus. I have never thought that it specifically from the sulcatus. yale” - xving g. 45. Nis «| Testa suborbiculata, siti coull valvulis crassis; natibus prominentibus; epi- dermide circa nates luted, juxta id aia radiis interruptis; dentibus car- 2 dinalibus crassis, lateralibus Bs 4 te brevibusque; margarita alba et iridescente. ~ Shel suborbicular, for again thick ; beaks elevated ; epidermis yel- lores bout the beaks, brown — lowards the margin ; samy interruplede cardinal teeth Aa ateral teeth short and sl ig sex curved; i pearly white and anidesca gt, s sei ’ Bi; ’ seat fh, Breadth 1-6 inches. hell suborbicular, nearly equilateral, subventricose; substance of ~ the shell thick, somewhat thinner behind; beaks thick and elevated; ligament rather short and thick ; priicvan yellow and smooth in the region of the beaks; brown a finely wrinkled towards the margin; ones, but Tays pass from the beaks and are very visible over the um- mes, but are lost i in n the penal before they reach the Margin ; car- ee a 2 ae vast} € Vou. IV.—2 E we , >. mh oe * i sal ~~ a 118 = OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, cicatrices situated on the under side of the cardinal teeth ; eavity of the beaks deep and angulated: nacre pearly in and iridescent. | Remarks.—Among the numerous shells T have setivel within the last five years from our western waters, I have obtained but three or four of this interesting species. Its extreme rarity at first induced me to doubt of the propriety of considering it a distinct species. It is however, perfectly distinct from any described species and seems pe- culiar in its yellow beaks and brown margin; as well as in the beauti- ful interrupted rays which pass over the umbones, leaving the ante- rior and posterior slopes usually of a yellow colour. In form it approaches the ebenus (Nobis), in colour it more nearly resembles the undatus (Barnes). A young individual of not more than three growths presents such a shining and yellow epidermis as to resemble very much a small Venus. Unto Susoyatus. Plate XVIII. fig. 46. ' m2 Testa subovata, transversd, inflata ; valvulis crassis ; natibus prominentibus et apicibus undulatis ; multis radiis viridibus; dentibus cardinalibus erectis et in valvula utraque duplicibus, lateralibus laminatis brevibusque; margarita alba. Shell subovate, transverse, inflated ; valves thick ; beaks elevated and undulated at the tip; rays green and numerous; cardinal teeth double in both valves and erect; lateral teeth short and lamelliform; nacre white and very pearly. ‘ Hab. Ohio river, T. G. Lea. My Cabinet. Cabinet of John Ronaldson. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Diam. 2:2, Length 3, Breadth 4-2 inches. - #8 Shell subovate, transverse, inequilateral, inflated; substance of the ¥ shell thick ; beaks elevated, incurved and undulated at the tips ; liga- ment short and thick ; : epiageiae yellowish with numerous green rays - - y te eS : sae . Mg, bed ‘ * i“ 7 by ve al - a , to aw ™ AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. of 119 ame = ‘ passing ob que y from the beaks to the margin; cardinal teeth large, double in both valves, vergigueapand deeply cleft in both valves ; lateral teeth short and lamelliform ; anterior cicatrices distinct ; posterior cica- trices confluent ; dorsal cicatrices situated within the cavity of the shell on me under part o the cardinal tooth and on the plate between the ardinal and lateral teeth ; cavity of the beaks very large and rounded ; ite and very pearly. Palate allt species is very closely allied to the U. ovatus (Say) and U. occidens (Nobis). It differs constantly, however, from both, in beiug more produced Weriony, and in the position of the beaks which are placed nearer the anterior margin. It is less flattened on the posterior slope than the ovatus, and less carinate than the occidens. J Like both these species the anterior section of the cardinal teeth is the most elevated. In some specimens no rays are observable*. ——_ , > : Unto Pinevs. Plate XVIII. fg. « 47. ( Souk valvulis crassis; Fadiis capillaribus; dentibus cardithaliieds magnis, F feralibus breviusculis nad margarita alba et iridescente. vr - Shell er ciageuler vohbe bse, slightly emarginate, longitudinally furrowed in eget * ‘ * Since this supplement went to press I have seen in the fine collection of that excellent conchologist, Mr W. Hyde, a specimen sent him by Mr Barnes some years since as U. ven- tricosus. If this specimen be not of the same species as the above described, it certainly very closely resembles it. Never having seen the individual specimen described by Mr Barnes as ventricosus, | believed, from that part of the description in which he says “ this shell is more capacious than any other of the genus hitherto described,” that he meant the species known to us as globosus, and therefore I selected of the two species that which seemed to agree the least Ee with his description, and figured and described it. Should it, upon further examination, prove , that I have described the same shell with Mr Barnes, the name of globosus should be used to + distinguish this capacious species, specimens of which are in the cabinets of Mr Hyde, the fein of Natural Sciences, Peale’s a: and inmy own. Mr Barnes must, I think, be inerror in supposing the ventricosus t abit the Delaware, or New Jersey near New York. ~ Ido not think that any of the group bel ong to our eastern waters. “4 . 4 a i j 120 OBSERVATIONS ON NAIADES, front of the umbonial slope; valves thick; rays hair-like; cardinal teeth large; lateral teeth rather short and slightly curved; nacre pearly white and inidescen aa . Hab. Ohio river, near Cincinnati, Mrs Febiger. My Cabinet. Diam. 1:2, Length 1°8, - Breadth 1-8 inches. Shell subtriangular, angular behind and rounded before, ventricose : longitudinally furrowed in front of the umbonial slope, the furrow causing a slight emargination in the basal margin ; umbonial slope flat- tened on the ridge ; substance of the shell thick ; beaks prominent and rounded at the tip; ligament short and thick; epidermis yellowish- brown and wrinkled ; rays numerous and hair-like ; cardinal tooth large. elevated and deeply cleft in the left valve, single and emerging from a pit in the right valve; lateral teeth short and slightly curved ; anterior cicatrices distinct; posterior cicatrices confluent; dorsal cicatrices situated on the under part of the cardinal tooth; cavity of the beaks wide and rounded ; nacre pearly white and iridescent. - Remarks.—This shell has recently come into my possession and was taken near Cincinnati. It is different from any species I have seen, and somewhat resembles the U. sulcatus (Nobis), having a furrow from the beaks to the margin anterior to the umbonial slope. It differs from it, however, in being more elongated and in being destitute of a purple nacre. The disposition to flatness in the umbonial slope is re- markable in this species. Mewanta Evoneata. Plate XV. fig. 29. Testa elevata et acute turrita, fusco-cornea, purpureo-fasciata; anfractibus circt- ter decem parum depressis; basi angulata; apertura ceruleo-alba, longitudinis testa quadrantem habente. Shell elevated and acutely turrited, dark horn colour with purple bands; apex acute; whirls about ten and slightly depressed; base angulated; aperture bluish- white and about one fourth the length of the shell. f * ; 7 ub at he, 5 ‘< ey | AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. Hab. West Tennessee, John Lea. “oe My Cabinet. Diam. i ial Length 1:5 inches. Remarks.—This fine Melania seems most to resemble the subularis (Nobis). It differs from it in being wider, in being darker coloured, andin having a less number of whirls. The bands in some specimens are scarcely visible. . 121 [ cannot terminate this memoir without making my grateful ac- knowledgements to numerous friends for specimens sent from time to time for my examination or acceptance. To P. H. Nicklin, Esq. and to W. Cooper, Esq. I am under particular obligations, for their kind and prompt assistance on such difficult points as appeared to me to require consultation. Vou.. 1V.—2 F mo A “> _— we w ARTICLE VI. Description of a new genus of the family Melaniana of Lamarck. By Isaac Lea. Read January 7th, 1831. Famity MELANIANA. Genus Io. Testa fusiformi ; basi canaliculatd ; spiré elevatad; columella concava levique. ° . ** Shell fusiform ; base canaliculate; spire elevated; columella smooth and concave. Io Fustrormis. Plate XV. fig. 37, a, b. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Professor Vanuxem. Cabinet of Mr Say. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Fusus fluvialis, Say, Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Vol. 5, p. 129. Diam. -9, Length 2-2 inches. Remarks.—This very remarkable, interesting and rare shell was presented tome many years since by Professor Vanuxem, by whom only it has been found. Specimens were also presented by him to Mr Say NEW GENUS OF THE FAMILY MELANIANA. 123 and to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, in the Jour- nal of which that naturalist has described it under the name of Fusus Jluvialis. Satisfied that no genus should contain pelagian and fluvia- tile shells in common, I have separated this from the family Canaui- rerRA, and placed it in that of the Mexantana to which it naturally belongs. We are indebted to the research of Professor Vanuxem for this and many other fine shells from the north fork of the Holston in Virginia on the farm of General Preston, where it was associated with several species of this and other families. Professor Vanuxem de- scribes the spot which it inhabits as being very circumscribed and be- ing immediately at the confluence of a small stream and the North Fork of the Holston, the former of which is slightly impregnated with salt. othe 4 Ne i Hie i nw cbginpatir® cena 4 LU ens ee Pore _ _ id AE OOH poe geh A ae ; sa 4 % oil ,) fn sat ont - 4 a i uy 2 sk jie i ts tf doer wh Hy Hei. renee 1 ASS eae ee ibtie hoiblenanh Ld Felted fi ; a ae a z ' F at : oe my ; ‘0 o, 5 co ; if { ; Pp \ a F ¢ ’ = m > A < ~ ad ] ’ , a S . . 7 : -~T : pS — : rs we 3 i er ian iatigiclam et tego : : re - eros. 4 ne a eames Yoo ak Rabe aldinnk rf Org le ‘* | okt pe, ae cheater petal eee te , : a 7 " * LY ‘ pon; Mae Re “i igs a ub eine il we ae . a » + ' : i > ney | 2 » hate: B's i ’ i ea ; gee alia "y ‘ , . os Pt eh Oe me ‘ PEt: ™ a el i . pa 4 ¢ J 4 A % . ‘ F ie ~) s >: ‘. ww \ _— . ¢ ce ‘ ‘ * J ‘a Ff ~ } ' P z ‘a ” a Py ~ + ° * . » 4 A) > 4 ) 125 ARTICLE VIL. Report of a Committee of the American Philosophical Society on As- tronomical Observations: containing Observations made in different parts of the United States, on the Solar Eclipse of February 12th, 1831. Read October 7, 1831. THE Committee on Astronomical Observations respectfully present to the Society the observations made by them, in this city, upon the Solar Eclipse of February 12th, 1831; together with such other observations, made in different parts of the United States, as they have been able to collect. Auex. Datuas Bacue. Jos. Roperts, Jon. Isaran LuKEns. Observations made at Friends’ Observatory,in Philadelphia, during the Solar Eclipse of February 12th, 1831. By Jos. Roberts, Jun. Lat. 39° 57’ 02" N., and long. 5 h. 00 m. 37 sec. West of Greenwich. For about one month previous to the eclipse, frequent observations were made in order to determine the effect of the temperature on the position of the transit instrument and the rate of the clock. These two essential instruments having been satisfactorily adjusted by means of the transit of stars selected for that purpose, the day was ushered in with the whole heavens obscured by clouds which continued until about half past ten o’clock, A. M., when the clouds generally disappeared, and the heavens in the vicinity of the sun presented the fine clear sky Vou. IV.—2 G 126 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON blue, which continued generally uninterrupted till near one o'clock, P.M. At 11h. 23 m. 17sec. mean solar time, not corrected forthe error of the clock and deviation of the transit instrument, observed a slight derangement in the limb of the sun at the. point where the eclipse was expected to begin. This breakin the harmony (noticed for the . last ten or fifteen minutes) continued to increase until a well defined section of the lunar disc convinced me that this derangement was produced by the interposition of the moon. At noon, observed the transit of the Sun’s eastern limb over the lines of the transit instrument, as follows, viz. i. *m.- "sec. Note 0" 15 “16 Now@. 90) 75°86 Mend: © 0° .15 . 56 Nor 4:0. 20) 16 16.5 Nolo: 078 16: cn 0 15 56.3 reduced time of transit of sun’s eastern limb over the meridian. The daily rate of the clock from numerous observations, 3.56 gaining. ‘The clock fast of mean solar time at the beginning of the eclipse, according to the observed transit and daily rate, 0’ 15.414; to this add for deviation of transit instrument from merid. 0’.104 ; gives the state of the clock at the beginning of the eclipse, 0 m. 15.518 sec. fast of mean solar time. So that the true mean solar time of ecient of the eclipse was, 11 h. 23 m. 01.482 sec. At twelve o’clock, mean time, measured the vertical diameter of the sun with one of Troughton’s spider-line micrometers, and found that it required 44.855 revolutions of the screw to bring the lines to zero: and near one o’clock, P.M. made the lines of the micrometer tangents to the sun and moon’s disc, in order to measure the maximum of the visible portion of the Sun’s diameter at the time of the greatest obscuration. These lines I caused to approach each other, until the eclipse ceased to increase ; and I afterwards found that 1.94 turns of the screw brought them together. It may be proper to remark in THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 12 FEBRUARY 1831. 127 relation to the last observation, that the dread of being involved in a total eclipse by a large collection of clouds near at hand and rapidly approaching, and which completely obscured the sun before I had time to relieve the eye and finish the observation by bringing the lines to zero, has left a doubt as to its exactness. I, however, give it, and future observations may determine its value; for after careful inquiry I do not find any corresponding observation in relation to this matter. At 2h. 25m. 24 sec. mean solar time, corrected for the error of the clock, the clouds too dense to see the sun through the coloured glass of the large telescope; but from an observation made with a telescope without a coloured glass, the eclipse had not ended. At 2h. 25m. 59sec. corrected for the error of the clock, still thin clouds before the sun, but have the impression that the eclipse had ceased. At 2h. 27 m. the sky in the vicinity of the sun very clear, and the eclipse ended beyond any doubt. The preceding observations were made with a 46 inch achromatic telescope by Tully, Islington, London, with a 34 inches object glass, and a transit instrument by Dollond, London, 30 inches by 2}. The power used 38. The eye protected by a glass of ared colour. During the eclipse the thermometer and barometer stood as fol- lows, viz. ‘ Time of | Sixe’s ) Mercu-} Spirit | Trough- making |Ther. in} rial jof Wine] ton’s observa-|Observa-|Ther. in|Ther. in|Barome- oie: tion. tory. | Sun. Sun. ter. h. m. ins. 10 30} 29° 30.161/Very clear. 10 45} 29 549 522 |30.161 Do. 11 00; 31 56 53 |30.164 Do. 11 40} 32 ok ce Do. 1 00} 31 32.5 32 |30.150\Flying clouds. LTO} SOro. ese «© |30. 141|Dense clouds, 1 25) 30 32.5 32 {30.141 Do. 2 00} 30.5 35 34 |30.141 Do. 2.05) 31 35 Sas Flying clouds. 2 45} 32 4l 38 (30. 153/Very clear. 128 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON Observations of the Beginning and End of the Eclipse of the Sun, February 12, 1831, by Sears C. Walker, in lat. 39° 57' N. and long. 1433 feet west of Friend? Observatory, Philadelphia. h. m.. sec. Beginning, 11 23 10 A.M.2 Mean solar time at End, 2 25 49 P.M. Observatory. Telescope 33 feet achromatic, by Jones, London: power 40 to 50. Observations made at the time of the Eclipse of the Sun, 2d Month, (February) 12th, 1831, at Burlington, N. J., lat. 40° 5' 20" N., long. not yet determined. By John Gummere. . For the time, I made use of a very good chronometer by Lukens, accurately rated by Jos. Roberts, Jun. and examined the third day after the eclipse. From the regularity of its movement, its state, in Phila- delphia time, at the time of the eclipse may be regarded as knewn within one or at most twoseconds. I observed with one of Dollond’s 42 inch achromatics, with a power 80. My brother S. R. Gummere observed with my 3 feet Gregorian reflector, with power of 120. At the beginning of the eclipse the sky was very clear, at least in the vicinity of the sun, thus giving the opportunity for an accurate obser- vation. Our impressions of the instant of commencement did not differ half a second. Frequently during the latter part of the eclipse, - andat the termination, there were obstructing clouds, so that the time of end could only be determined within limits. The time of beginning accurately determined, was 11h. 24 m. 2 sec. A.M. mean time Phila- delphia. At 2h. 24m. 42 see. P.M. the eclipse had not terminated. At 2h. 26 m. 21 sec. it was entirely ended. At the time of greatest obscuration, the cusps were very sharp and well defined ; but a thread of light extended from each, toa consider- able distance along the circumference of the sun’s disc. About a minute after, a spot of light was observed a few degrees from the south western cusp, extending inwards from the thread proceeding from that cusp. Its appearance is represented in the accompanying figure. THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 12 FEBRUARY 1831. 129 At the commencement of the eclipse the barometer stood at 30.24 inches. At 1 o’clock it stood at 30.16 inches and continued so until end of eclipse. . I had one thermometer suspended in the shade, and three exposed to the sun’s rays. The first of these three has a metallic scale, covered in front with a glass; the second has a metallic scale not covered ; and the third has an ivory scale. Their states at four different times, as below. , ‘Shade. Sun. jan i as er Ist. 2d. 3d. me h. 24 m. A.M. 26° 81° 62° 52° lh. Om. P.M. 24 BF FSO)" 29, 1h. 10 m. P.M. 25 31 28 Q7 lh. 26 m. P.M. 31 46 387 34 The solar spectrum was observed seyeral times during the eclipse. We were not sensible of much change in it, but thought that about the time of greatest obscuration, the violet, though very bright, was rather paler than at other times. A 30 inch magnetic needle, made by Lukens, was observed at 11, 1, 23, and 5 o’clock. From 11 to 1, the north end moved 6’ to the ° west. From 1 to 23, it moved 3’ to the west; and from 2 to 5, it moved 6’ to the east. Vou. IV.—2 H 130 _ ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON “ Ray Observations of the Solar Eclipse of 12th February 1831, by Professor James Renwick. Made at Columbia College, New York. Lat. 40° 42'43'' N. Long., determined by the Solar Eclipse of August 27th, 1823 combined with the mean af 80 Lunar distances, 4h. 56' 13.45” west JSrom Greenwich. Becinnine. Contact of sun and moon’s limbs, observed by a refracting telescope of Dollond of 5 feet focus, using the second astronomic power. The time being noted by a chronometer of Parkinson and Frod- shum, No. 1102, rated by Mr Demilt, 23h. 30! 29".2 Watch slow of mean time, eS Q1” Mean time of beginning, 23 h. 30’ 50’.2 The end was not eal in consequence of the sun being Hidden by clouds. Observations of the Eclipse of the Sun, February 12, 1831, by Robert Treat Paine, at Cape Malabar Light-house, in Lat. 41° 32' 58".3 N.; Long. by Chronometer 70° Ol’ 20” west. ho mais See. Beginning of the Eclipse, 11 55 56.0 A.M. Formation of the Rin 1 26. 54.6: P.M. ; Rupture of the Ring, * 1 98 03.8 PM, PMeansolar time. End of the Eclipse, 2 SSSI 8.2 PM. | The sky very clear all day ; observations very fine and satisfactory. Telescope 43 feet Dollond, with the smallest astronomical eye piece; power about 60. The thermometer hanging on a 8. E. wall in the sun fell from 83° to 29°. THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 12 FEBRUARY 1831. 131 Results of the son of the Solar Eclipse of 12th February 1831, made nder the Colonnade of the south front of the President's house at the City of Washi be Tat. 38° 53' 12"; long. 76° 57' (approximate), by F. R. Hassler. A prépetly rated chronometer was used for the determination of time, and one of the repeating theodolites from the collection for the survey of the coast, witha one foot vertical circle, for the observations of time, &c. The reduction of the time of the chronometer indicated by the observations being made, gave, Apparent time. Mean time. h. m. see: h. m._ sec, For the Beginning, 10 55 56- 11;)10, 30 End, 2 OOM 54.57)" 215) 28.5 Pieacion: 3h. 4m. 58.5 sec. Stand of the barometer observed about 9 ofelock: A.M. 30.62 ins. ~ Beginning of the Eclipse, 30.56 ins. and hardly varied for 0.01 in. the rest of the day. The thermometer stood as follows: At 8 o’clock, A.M. 29.5° Fahr. Beginning of Eclipse, 32.0 Greatest obscuration, 28.0 End of the Eclipse, 37.0 At 4 o'clock, P.M. 38.0 Sunset, 32.0 The sky was perfectly clear, the weather generally cold, with a harsh wind. During the greatest obscuration the feelings of an intense cold, and a kind of disagreeable gloom, were remarked by every person present, which subsided only when a considerable part of the sun was again clear. The most remarkable phenomenon was the distinctly painted ine- qualities of the moon, by the reflection of light and shade upon its disk, presenting, apparently, elevations brilliantly illuminated, and intervals shaded in an ash coloured shade, more or less dark and distinct, as they were nearer to or farther from the sun, the edge of the moon towards the sun being always fully dark. Thisappearance, beginning when about one-eighth of the diameter of the moon was immersed, extended itself, with various alterations in the 132 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON appearance, to about one-third of the moon’s diameter, when it gradu- ally faded into indistinctness, and the whole surface of the moon appeared equally dark. The same took place again in the inverse order, with varied configurations, towards the end of the eclipse. © The telescope with which I observed being very steady, that on the repeating theodolite, with a magnifying power of about 70 times, the phenomenon could be distinctly observed and followed ; the annexed imperfect figure may convey an idea of it. Observations on the Eclipse of the Sun, February 12, 1831, by Professor R. M. Patterson, M.D., at the University of Virginia, in a 38° 2’ 3” N., and long. 5 4. 14m. 4.8 sec. W. of Greenwich. h. m._ sec. Beginning of Eclipse, 11. 02... 2G : : End, Q ape Mean solar time. oI Meteorological Observations during the Solar Eclipse of February 12th, 1831, by A. D. Bache, Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry in the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania. The principal objects in view in the following observations were, first: to measure the diminution of light produced by the eclipse; that of direct light, as well as of the light diffused by reflection in the atmos- phere and from bodies at or near the earth’s surface. oat THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 12 FEBRUARY 18381. SS Second, to measure the variations in the temperature of the air during the eclipse. The instrument adapted ‘3 the measurements first enumerated is the photometer of Leslie: this consists of a differential thermometer having one bulb blackened. 'The blackened bulb absorbs the heat accom- panying the solar light, while the transparent bulb either transmits or reflects it; the temperature of the dark bulb is raised, the air within it is expanded, and the liquid forced up the stem attached to the opposite bulb: the amount of the rise of the liquid is measured by a scale attached to this stem. The effect of variations in the temperature of the air about this instrument is in a great measure avoided by its differential form. ‘The graduation of the scale of the photometer is arbitrary, and the measures which it gives entirely relative. It will be convenient to place the zero at the point at which the liquid in the stem stands ina dark room. The photometer used in the observations upon the direct light of the sun had one bulb covered with black silk. The observations have been reduced to the point of the scale, which corresponds to a dark room as a zero. A glass case protected the instrument from currents of air. ‘The position remained invariable during the course of the observations, viz. at the south window of the observatory attached to the Friends’ school in Fourth-street. A second photometer was placed within the observatory and exposed to the diffused light, which entered through three windows extending nearly from the floorto the ceiling and facing the 8.E., South, andS.W. One bulb of this instrument was of blue glass. The observations have, as in the case of the other photometer, been reduced to the point at which the liquid stands in a dark room as a zero: the degrees do not correspond with those of the first instrument. A glass case covered this photometer. The second object was attained by the use of a metallic thermometer of Breguet’s make, for the épportunity of using which I am indebted to ©. N. Bancker, Esq. This instrument was placed in the shade within the south window of the open observatory. There had been no fire during the winter in the observatory, nor, but on a few occa- sions, in the building with which it is connected. A comparison of Vou. IV.—2 I 134 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON the scale, attached to this metallic thermometer, with that of a mer- curial thermometer carefully verified, was made subsequent to the day of observation, and extended through a considerable range of tempera- ture, obtained by atmospheric variations; there resulted a correction in part of the scale, which has been applied in converting the degrees of Breguet’s scale into those of Fahrenheit. The compound effect produced by the heat from the direct and. reflected rays of the sun and by the temperature of the atmosphere was noted, as affording a check upon the observations made with the photometer in the sun and thermometer in the shade. _To measure this a thermometer having the bulb blackened was exposed to the direct rays of the sun by placing it in the south window of the observatory. The thermometer was one made by Bate, the scale was metallic, and the instrument uninclosed by a case: the freezing point had been verified to guard against the effect of a variation in the scale, which has been found in many cases to take place after the graduation of the instrument. In addition to the principal observations, others were made from time to time with the hygrometer and barometer. The hygro- meter was a dew-point instrument of the kind described by Jones in the Transactions of the Royal Society of London for 1826: it consisted of a mercurial thermometer with a small bulb of blue glass; one of the hemispheres into which this bulb would have been divided by a vertical plane, was covered with a piece of stuff held in its place by a metallic ring which served further to prevent the ether used in cooling the bulb from flowing over the uncoated part. . The height of the mercury in a common barometer belonging to the observatory was recorded. On the morning of the twelfth, from about nine o’clock until some minutes before the coming on of the eclipse, the sun was obscured by dense clouds. At this latter period the clouds had been dispersed and a tolerably favourable state of weather succeeded, the observations being interfered with but occasionally by passing ¢louds. About ten minutes after the time of greatest obscuration clouds again came up, and varying only in density, continued with but one short interval, until night. Observations were made upon the photometer in the sun, and upon the thermometers at intervals, generally, of five minutes during the THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 12 FEBRUARY 1831. 135 time of the eclipse. During the most interesting period, the half hour between half past twelve and one, containing the time of greatest obscuration, the photometer in the sun was observed every minute. The record of the observations is extended throughout the period of the eclipse notwithstanding the unfavourable state of the weather, that the influence of the eclipse upon the instruments may be distinctly seen, independently of the loss of light from the interference of clouds. The instruments had been placed in appropriate situations at the University two days preceding that on which they were to be used, and their indications recorded hourly that the faults of observation might be reduced toa small limit. They were likewise observed hourly two days subsequent to the twelfth, that if any derangement had occurred, it might not escape detection. A table is subjoined containing a record of the observations upon the photometers and thermometers, beginning with that at 11 A.M. on the 12th of February, and terminating with the observation at 2 h. 35’ P.M. The first two columns contain the times of observation, given by the astronomical clock of the observatory; the third the heights of the photometer exposed to diffused light; the fourth those of the photo- meter exposed to the direct rays of the sun; in the fifth are recorded the states of the atmosphere at the times of observation; in the sixth the temperature as shown by a thermometer in the shade; in the seventh the checks afforded upon the observations in columns four and six by the heights of the thermometer with the blackened bulb exposed to the direct rays of the sun. The results of observations upon the dew-point and upon the barometer are placed in the remarks upon the table by which it is followed. 136 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON hy: 2s|2 o2 cles BS =e 5 SEDER sc 5 OF alae 2 Eos 6 | aes Time. ot | ee 2SEleoga a7 1a Remarks on Weather. | 4 = pa Remarks. _ Degs. of \Degs. 0 Hours.| Mins. | Degs. | Degs. eae, gs. of Cloudy. 11 9 62 Clouds less dense. - 36 483 il 10 9 514 |Clouds more dense. = 833 584 il 23 Clear.- — - - - Eclipse begins. 11 3 9 614 |Fleecy clouds. - 2 353 663 : 11 3 9 57 Almost clear. - = 3] nS 11 40 83 56 Clear, with occasional] $53 | a> 11 50 50 fleecesover@©. - 35 563 11 55 8 AT Slight haze. - 5 34} 62 12 05 8 41 Clear. - 5 sf 344 58 12 10 74 37 = - athe 34 544 fom [220° || 7; 31 “ : om AR Sassi) |tdon ilo) 25 5 29 A cloud begins. = 33 49 12 30 43 92 ~ |Cloud over ©. - 334 454 12 35 18} |Cloud passing off. - 523 413 12 40 15 Clear. - - - 323 1g | 41 15h | « < Bithe 12 42 144 gy : : 2 323 12 43 14 - - - 12 44, 14 sf - - = 324 12 AS 13 se - - - $2 338 12 46 12 % - - - 12 AZ 12 cs = 3 = 12 48 8 {Cloud passing. - - 323 36 12 49 94 |Cloud off. - - 12 | 50 10 |Clear. - ee ane CO 354 12 51 8 Cloud. - - - 12 52 7 |Edge of cloud over © 313 12 53 63 “é “ec é = 34 12 54 7 ~~ ‘|Clear. - - - 8 12, | 55 64 | « = SS \Pisibe all gs 12 56 5 ee - - - “< = = — Q 2 2 ae . «“ 3 Gh ae 314 = Time of greatest obscura- 12 59 4 « s = E 303 314 tion by observations. 1 00 44 2% - Se ie ae ne Ab oh iaf iy - al) om pute eBObteson 1 10 54 |Clouds. - SS 30 304 1 15 4 6 |Lessdense. - - 30% 31 1 20 4 64 |Dense cloud. - - 302 314 1 25 6 12 Cloud. - - - 303 8 1 30 5 8 |Dense cloud. - - 302 32 1 35 5 9 Clouds, - - - 303 32 1 40 5h 10 sf - = = $1 $14 Tal ai ENG 11 “ tere tar Ai egtas || 2ae Le s0> to 114 | « Sea ales sles Sia Re 1 55 64 15 |Cloudsless dense. - 3 3 2 00 54 11 Dense clouds. - - $2 37 2 05 134 |Lessdense. - - 324 2 10 54 11 ‘| Very dense black clouds. 29 15 10 « te = 2 | 20 10 “ RS tien a) 36 2 23 64 13 |Clouds passing off. - 2 26 14 |Lessdense. - = Eclipse ends. 2 29 42 |Clear. -= - - 2 30 51 “ = S 35 2 Clouding over. - THE SOLAR ROLIPRE OF 12 FEBRUARY 1831. 137 It appears from the table just given, that the liquid in the stem of the uncoated bulb of the photometer in the sun began to descend, from the time of the first observation after the beginning of the eclipse ; a descent only occasionally interrupted by the effect of flying clouds ; that the minimum was reached at 12 h. 58’ a 59’, when a rise of the liquid commenced, which was progressive ‘notwithstanding the coming up of clouds. At one o’clock with a clear sky, the instrument stood at 45 degrees, while at ten minutes after one with a white cloud interposed, but with the eclipse less on, it stood at 54 degrees: at twenty minutes past one, ‘with a dense cloud covering the sun, the pho- tometer had risen to 65 degrees, and at fifteen minutes past two, dense black clouds faterveniilt stood at 10 degrees. The time of greatest obscuration given by the photometer affords a fair test of its sensibility. Correcting the calculated time as given in the American Almanac for the difference between the time of begin- ning as observed by Mr Roberts and the calculated time there given, the time of greatest obscuration to the nearest minute was 12h. 57’. The observed minima of the photometer being at 12 h. 58’ and 12h. 59‘, the true minimum is fairly inferred to be at 12 h. 582, or within one minute and a half of the calculated time of greatest obscu- ration. Observations made at 1 P.M. of the 13th and 14th of February, gave 56.5 degrees of this photometer for the amount of light at that hour; at the time. of” greatest obscuration on the 12th (w ithin a few minutes of one o ‘clock), the photometer stood at 4degrees. We may calculate from these data the proportion of the solar dise which remained unobscured at the time referred to, on the 12th. For as 56.5, the measure of the light from the unobscured dise : 4, the measure at the same time on the 12th, viz. at the time of greatest obscuration: : 1 : proportion of the dise remaining unobscured, which is, therefore, =i, or about th of the whole disc. The calculation of this lumi- nous area from the data afforded by the tables, viz. the semi-dia- meters of the sun and moon, together with the number of digits eclipsed, as given by the observations: of Mr Roberts (11.481 digits), gives 20,500” for this area, or = of the whole disc. The near agree- Vou. [V.—2 K 188 = ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON ment of these results seems to confirm the observations* that the degree of light near the edges of the sun’s dis¢ is as great as that at the centre, contrary to what was supposed by Bouguer when he drew from his observations the inference of the existence of a solar atmosphere. The diffused light, as shown by the heights of the photometer in the shade, followed in its decrease the diminution of the direct light, as observed by the instrument in the sun; when observations with the latter instrument were made at short intervals it was necessary to neglect the former. ‘The object in view in tl the use of this instrument was to determine the measure of the diffused light in terms of the light of a clear day at some period before sun-set; the situation was found to render accuracy in this result impossible. The thermometer in the shade began to fall within at least thirteen minutes after the commencement of the eclipse, the interruption from fleecy clouds preventing the precise time from being ascertained. The fall was steady until 12 h. 59’, when the minimum was reached; the temperature had not risen at 1 h. 5’, owing to the coming up of clouds, this circumstance preventing the diminution of the eclipse from being felt. At half past eleven A.M..this thermometer stood at 354° F.: the minimum was 303° F., giving, if we disregard the effect of passing clouds, an absolute decrease of temperature due to the eclipse, of 43° F. To this we must add for the total effect the pre- venting an increase of heat as the sun approached the meridian. To the effects of this change those persons who were-in the open air in the shade were exposed. The test of the measurements of the photometer in the sun and thermometer in the shade, afforded by the thermometer with the blackened bulb, gives evidence of the satisfactory performance of both those instruments. This thermometer stood at 664° F. at 11 h. 30, when a fall commenced which was parallel with that of the photometer until the temperature of the air was nearly reached, when the effect of the coldness of the air, aided by the influence of clouds, caused a further descent, while the photometer had begun to rise ; with this in- strument it soon resumed a parallel course at a lower temperature * Francceur, Uranographie, pp. 71 and 72. ~ - THE SOLAR ECLIPSE OF 12 FEBRUARY 1831. 139 than corresponded to the degrees of the photometer, in descending. The difference of the minima of the two thermometers is but one- fourth of a degree, a quantity less than the error of observation to which such instruments are liable. The fall of the thermometer in the sun was from 664° to 314°from the effect of the eclipse ; the total fall during the eclipse from 661° to 304°, or 36 degrees. ‘To the effects of such a change those who were exposed to the direct rays of the sun, from half past eleven until one o'clock, were subjected. The sensa- tion of cold felt during the middle of the eclipse is thus easily accounted for, a sensation which would have warranted the belief of the expo- sure to a temperature much lower than 303° F. If any confirmation could be required in relation to the accuracy of the thermometer in opposition to the fallable test of the sensation of cold, it was to be had in the fact that the water which had thawed in the sun before the commencement of the eclipse did not recongeal until towards night-_ fall. The barometer varied but slightly during the day: at noon it stood at 30.115, at one o’clock at 30.105, and at five P.M. at 30.105. The dew-point varied about 34° F. during the day; it fell to one of its minimum points, 8° F., during the eclipse. I subjoin the results of the observations made for me at the Univer- sity, by an intelligent assistant, upon the power of the lens to pro- duce combustion. ‘The burning powers of two double convex lenses were tried at intervals: the smaller lens has a diameter of six inches and focal length six and three-fourths inches; the larger is eighteen inches in diameter with a focal length of twenty-five inches: for the use of this latter Iam indebted to Dr Hare. The smaller lens ceased to set fire to agaric at 12 h. 49’, or about eight minutes before the time of greatest obscuration. ‘The larger lens lost its power of burning white paper at 12h. 36’, and of setting fire to agaric at 12 h. 53’, about four minutes before the time of greatest obscuration. The state of the atmosphere prevented the con- firmaticn or correction of these results by observations after the time of greatest obscuration. o 141 ARTICLE VIII. Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali media degentium. Secundum observationes Ludovici Davidis de Schweinitz. Communicated to the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 15 April 1831. PRAEMONENDA. POSTQUAM celeberrimus Schwaegrichen in Commentiariis Socie- tatis Naturae Curiosorum Lipsiensis, Synopsin meam Fungorum Caro- linae superioris ante annum 1818 collectorum benevole curavit in lucem prodire; ad annum 1821 assidue consecutus sum eandem viam, per- scrutans nempe fungos Carolinae superioris. Sub finem autem anni jam dicti, in paterna mea domicilia Bethlehem, Northampton County, Pennsylvaniae demum redux, ad hune diem usque, etiam Pennsylva- niae thesauros mycologicos, indefessus colligere, describere et deter- minare conatus sum. Botanophili Americani plurimi jam mihi propinquiores, quam degenti olim apud occidentales Carolinenses, penitus toto ab orbe divisos, summa benevolentia et summo studio, quos ipsi invenerant aut quos illis aliunde missi sunt communicaverunt, prae ceteris amicissimus doctissimusque D. John Torrey, Noveboracensis Universitatis Pro- fessor. Interim etiam datum fuit, quod ante annum 1818 mihi non contigerat, Systemata Neesii, Linkii, denique Friesii acutissima, maxima cum voluptate et summo fructu in succum et sanguinem vertere et certior fieri, viam ad vera naturae mysteria in operibus illo- rum indicatam esse. Vou. IV.—2 L 142 SYNOPSIS OF Dilectissimum mihi fuit, admirare transatlanticas observationes illorum illustrium virorum tam mire coincidentes observationusculis meis cisatlanticis—et systemata, quae summum horum Coryphaeorum scientiae acumen, vix tamen nisi Europaeos fungos rite cognoscentium eruerat, fere in quoque essentiali momento, corroborata, prebata et stabilita, ex omni facto quod mihi in mycologia Americana innotuerat. Numerus interea specierum a me nuperrime in Pennsylvania inven- tarum adeo creverat, quanquam feracissimas regiones fungorum, sylvas nempe ingentes versus septentrionem tam fagineas quam pineas, vix semel aut bis, et tum, sicut pede volante, mihi datum fuit explorare, ut non dubitandum me gratum botanophilis opus ac utile scientiae in lucem edere conspectus omnium hucusque mihi cognitorum publi- cando. Est quod in libello sequenti miki proposui, eandem metho- dum adoptans, quam in Synopsi Fungorum Carolinae, et jam prius in conspectu fungorum Lusatiae superioris consecutus sum, i. e. breviter allegatos invenies jam prius descriptos, fusius autem ac diagnosi addita, quos novos dixi et nominavi. Nemo enim adire potest Mycologiae studium, expers operum Friesii, Linkii et ceterorum Coryphaeorum ; igitur non operae pretium sit, quae ab iis jam tractata semper ad nauseam usque repetere. Sunt autem inter Americanos fungos fere omnia genera Neesii, Linkii, Friesii, Kunzii, mihi obvia, ideutidem ut apud illos descripta; et revera paucae sunt species, nisi parasiticae in matrice omnino Americanis carente, quae non cives aeque ac Europae etiam nostrates; quod testimonium semper censui, nil absurdius esse sententia eorum, qui naturam in mycis mere pro lubitu formis fortui- tis, inconstantibus nobis illudere credunt. Ceterum procul fuit novum systema condere, aut innovare in con- ditum. Nihilin animo est quam observata ac facta in usum communi- care Procerum gentis mycologicae. Nihil aliudiavenies in hoc libello. In primis classibus, a Hymenomycetibus, per Pyrenomycetes, ad majorem partem Gasteromycetum, clarissimi Friesii opera, species complectentia, nobis duces fuerunt. Cetera ex classe Gasteromycetum, ob defectum tertii Tomi Mycologiae Friesii, coactus fui ex Persoonii et Sprengelii operibus supplere. Quoad Hyphomycetes et Gymno- mycetes, denique Linkius optimus, in continuata Willdenovii editione specierum plantarum, in promptu fuit. Necesse vix est, plura verba addere ; in mentem autem revocari "NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 143 optimum, regiones Carolinae ac Pennsylvaniae a me accuratius per- scrutatas (pauci tantum sunt fungi aliunde mihi communicati) vastiss- imis Reipublicae ceteris regionibus, comparatas, de quibus mycologiae nihil noscitur,tam minimam partem constituere, ut nullimodo libello nostro titulum Synopseos Fungorum Americanorum, sensu generaliori vindicare velim, sed solummodo secundum meas observationes. Nam innumeri adhue latent, praesertim incolae, in borealibus, istarum ingentium sylvarum ex Fago ferruginea, et ex Pino Canadensi forma- tarum; et in partibus australioribus et maritimis Carolinae ac Georgiae, fere omnes, qui, sine dubio, incolunt interminabiles sylvas ex Pino palustri et Cupresso disticha constitutas, decus et crux (ob lethalia eorum miasmata) patriae; ut taceam molem fungorum, qui parasitice addicti sunt, arboribus et plantis, indigenis solummodo regionibus mihi ignotis. Finaliter superest systematis conspectum paucis verbis, ut in nostro libello exponitur, adducere. FUNGI Plantae sunt homonemaeae, velatae, per basin nutritae, organis simul -explicatis, receptaculis in fructum abientibus. A. ASCOMYCETES. Gerentes Sporidia ascis inclusa, nempe Class. 1. Hymenomycetes, Class. II. Pyrenomycetes, in receptaculo aperto, ; intra perithecia. B. SPOROMYCETES. Gerentes Sporidia libera non in ascis. Class. III. Gasteromycetes. . Coniomyceles Friesii- Sporidia libera intra peridio. Sporidia absque peridio. Class. IV. Hyphomycetes. Class. V. Gymnomycetes. Sporidia thallo immediate imposita. Sporidia sporidochio imposita. Crassisl. HYMENOMYCETES. Ord. 1. Pileati. Hymenio infero, Ord. 2. Elvellaceit. Hymenio supero. Ord. 3. Clavati. Hymenio amphigeno. ° Ord. 4. T'remellini. Hymenio confuso. Cxrassis Il. PYRENOMYCETES. Ord. 1. Sphaeriacei. Perithecio ascigero, ostiolato. Ord. 2. Phacidiacet, Perithecio ascigero rumpente. Ord. 3. Cytisporet. Perithecio sporidifero, ostiolato. Ord. 4. Xylomacei. Perithecio sporidifero rumpente. 144 SYNOPSIS OF Cuassis II. GASTEROMYCETES. Ord. 1. Angiogastres. Sporidia inclusa in receptaculo a peridio discreto. Ord. 2. Trichospermi. Sporidia nuda, floccis inspersis a peridio discrentis. Ord. 3. Trichodermacei. Sporidia nuda, floccis tecta peridium sistentibus. Ord. 4, Sclerotiacei. Sporidia immersa in receptaculo, peridium constituente. Cxrassis TV. HYPHOMYCETES. Ord. 1. Trichomyci. Floccis sporidiferis decumbentibus sporidiis inspersis. Ord. 2. Byssacei. Floccis sporidiferis erectis sporidiis tandem inspersis. Ord. 3. Mucedines. Floccis sporidiferis erectis sporidiis in sporisoriis accumulatis. Ord. 4. Acremonii. Sporidiis floccis innatis aut adnatis. Ord. 5. Mucorini. Sporangia floccis innata aut adnata. Ord. 6. Byssei. Floccis totis ex articulatis sporidiis. Appendiz. 7. Plus minus aspori. Crassis V. GYMNOMYCETES. Ord, 1. Entophyta. Sporidochio spurio, thallo nullo. Ord. 2. Tubercularini. Sporidochio vero, sporidiis instratis seu inspersis. Ord. 3. Sporodermei. Sporidochio vero, sporidiis innatis. Desunt nobis sequentia genera ex quaque classe: I. Ex Hymenomycetibus. Diploderma. Europ. Xerotes, F. Africa. Cirrholus, F. Bras. * Nyctalis, F. Europ. Amphisporium. Europ. ll. Ex Pyrenomycetibus. Mylitta. Europ. Hypoopila, F. Tropicis regionibus. * Podosphaeria. Europ. Corynelia, F. Tropicis regionibus. *Lasiobotrys. Europ. *Strigula, F. Tropicis regionibus. IV. Ex Hyphomycetibus. *Meliola, F. Tropicis regionibus. Diplosporium. Lk. *Stegia, F. Europ. * Phycomyces. *Sphinctrina, F. Europ. Thelactis. Il. Lx Gasteromycetibus. Didymocrata. Baltarea. Europ. Diamphora. Lysurus. Trop. * Antenaria. Ascroe. Trop. * Amphitrichum. Polygaster. Trop. Endogone. Europ. *Polysaccum. Europ. V. Ex Gymnomycetibus. * Epichysium. * Phragmotrichum, Nota.—Quae asterisco notata mihi nota et in Herbario. Nova genera perpauca sunt nostra, nempe 1. Dryophilum. Gasteromycetum. 2. Podosporium. Hyphomycetum. 3. Ceratosporium. Gymnomycetum. 4. Clasterisporium. Gymnomycetum. . 5. Sphaerosporium. Gymnomycetum. 6. Botryosporium. Gymnomycetum. 7. Lichenopsis. Gymnomycetum. Species ceterum Synopsi sequente quae asterisco praefixo notatae sunt indicant quae non in synopsi Caroliniani jam recitatae. Quibus signum L. v. 8. additur, aut in priori opere aut in praesenti jam primum a me descriptae aut nominatae sunt. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 145 Cuassis Prima. HYMENOMYCETES. Orvo I. PILEATI. Suzogpo I. AGARICINI. Genus 1. AgGanicus. Nota.—In hoc genere omnino secutus sum Friesii dispositionem in Systemate Mycologico, Vol. 1., neglectis novis ejusdem operibus, quia nuperrime Agaricorum vix ullo auctus est numerus jam in Synopsi Fungorum Carolinae superioris recensitus. In Pennsylvania nempe, quanquam plurimi Agarici jam in Carolina inventi iterum obvii; novi paucissimi a me additi sunt, non defectu specierum in sylvis nostris, sed quia tam occupatus fui, examinatione specieram fingorum preservabiliorum ceterorum, ut, hucusque, tempus mihi omnino deficiebat has species rite et caute denuo examinandi. Ab amicis autem e longinquo Agaricos, tam eyanidos, mihi communicari; yix eratexpectandum. Equidem nunc igitur Agaricos ne nomine tantum recensere, in animo fuit—sed quia in Synopsi Carol. tantum methodo Persooniano nominati sunt—melius putavi, hac secundum Friesii dispositionem eos repetere, citatis locis Friesii et Synopseos Carolinae. Exclusis Agaricis, autem, totam Mycologiam maxime auctam his regionibus per noyem an- nos assidue excolui. - a Leucospori. Suncen. 1. AMANITA. 1. 1. A. A. phalloides, Fr. Syst. p. 13, Syn. Car. 6, 7, 8, num, var. « bulbosa, 8 citrina, 7 viridis, omnes etiam Pennsyly. 2. 2. A. A. vaginatus, F. 14, Syn. Car. 1 and 2 num. (livida et spadicea) et. Pennsylvania. 3S. 3. A. A. caesareus, F.15, Syn. Car. 9 and 10 (caesa. et aurantiaca). 4. 4. A. A. muscarius, F. 16, Syn. Car. 11, rar. Pennsyly. 5. 5, A. A. pantherinus, F. 17, Syn. Car. 12, (umbrinus) et. Pennsyly. 6. 6. A. A. ranrnosus, L. v.S. Syn. Car. 16, solummodo Carolin. *7. 7. A. A. excelsus, F. 17, passim in sylvis Carolinae, non in Synops. (amplius Pers. ) 8. 8. A. A. rubescens, F. 18, Syn. Car. 13, et. Pennsyly. 9. 9, A. A. virescens, F. p. 19, Syn. Car. 14. 10. 10. A. A. asper, F. 18, Syn. Car. 15. 11. 11. A. A. pusgscens, L. y. S. Syn. Car. 17. Suseen. 2. LEPIOTA. 12. 12. A. L. procerus, F. p. 20, Syn. Car. 555, et Pennsyly. 13. 13. A. L. clypeolarius, F. p. 20, Syn. Car. 556 et 558, colubrinus et felinus,—etiam Pennsyly. 14. 14. A. L. cristatus, F. p. 22, Syn. Car. 557, et. Pennsyly. 15. 15. A. L. delicatus, F. p. 23, Syn. Car. 559 (mesomorphus). 16. 16. A. L. granulosus, F. p. 24, Syn. Car. 560, et carcharias. ; Suneen. 3, ARMILLARIA. 17. 17. A. A. robustus, F. p. 26, Syn. Car. 561. 18. -18. A. A. bulbiger, F. p. 27, Syn. Car. 568. 19. 19. A. A. mucidus, F. p. 28, Syn. Car. 562, et. Pennsyly. 20. 20. A. A. melleus, F. p. 33, Syn. Car. 566 (polymyces), .Vou. TV.—2 M Rae ile i oo PRP >P PPP PPP p> bp SYNOPSIS OF Suncen. 4. LIMACIUM. A. L. chrysodon, F. p. 32, Syn. Car. 662. A. L. erubescens, F. p. 32, Syn. Car. 663. A. L. eburneus, F. p. 33, Syn. Car. 660. 5 SAN A A L. diseoideus, F. p. 33, Syn. Car. 661. . L. purpurascens, F. p. 34, Syn. Car. 664. L. tephroleucus, F. p. 34, Salem, in syly. pin. Suneen. 5. TRICHOLOMA. T. fulvus, F. p. 37, Syn. Car, 607 (trichopus). . T.ustalis, F. p. 37, Syn. Car. 608 (leucophyllus). . T. luridus, F. p. 40, Syn. Car. 621, et. Pennsyly. . T. aurantius, F. p. 39, Erie County, Pennsyly. T. luteovirens, F. p. 41, Syn. Car. 622, et. Pennsyly. T. flavovirens, F. p. 41, Syn. Car. 619, et. Pennsyly. T. vaccinus, F. p. 42, Syn. Car. 591. T. myomyces, F. p.'44, Syn. Car. 646, et. Pennsyly. T. columbella, F. p. 44, Syn. Car. 659 (albus). T. maculatus, F. p. 45, Syn. Car. 669, et Pennsyly. T. sejunctus, F. p. 47, Syn. Car. 620 (leucoxanthus). . T. personatus, F. p. 50, Syn. Car. 576 (bicolor). T. humilis, F. p. 51, Syn. Car. 656, et. Pennsyly. T. nudus, F. p. 52, Syn. Car. 573, et. Pennsylv. / SuseEn. 6. RUSSULA. 41. 41. A. R. alutaceus, F. p. 55, Syn. Car. 759, 762, 753, varietates alutaceus, olivascens, ochraceus omnes etiam Pennsylvania occurrunt. 42. 42. 43. 43. 44. 44. 45. 45. 46. 46 47. 47 48. 48 49. 49 50. 50 sl. Si 52; 32: 53. 53. 54. 54. 55. 55. 56. 56. 57. 57. 58. 58. 59. 59. 60. 60. 61. 61. 62. 62. "65. 63. ee A. PpP p> bp Ppp > A. A. R. luteus, F. p. 55, Syn. Car. 752, et. Pennsyly. . R. nitidus, F. p. 55, Syn. Car. 756 et 759, nitidus et nauseosus,—et. Pennsyly. R. emeticus, F. p. 56, Syn. Car. 747, cynoxanthus 757, ochroleucus 754, omnes Pennsyly. R. fragilis, F. p. 57, Syn. Car. 749 fragilis, et 744 niveus. . R. depallens, F. p. 58, Syn. Car. 748, et. Pennsylv. R. ruber, F. p. 58, Syn. Car. 746, rosaceus, et. Pennsyly. . R. foetens, F. 59, Syn. Car. 755, et Pennsyly. . R. furcatus, F. 59, Syn. Car. 766 (lacteus 745, virescens 761, lividus 758), om. et. Pennsyly. . R. aureus, Pers. Synop. Syn. Car. 751. . R. adustus, F. 60, Syn. Car. 780, omph. adusta, etiam Pennsylvania. Sunezn. 7. GALORRHEUS. G. torminosus, F. p. 63, Syn. Car. 733. . G, necator, F. p. 64, Syn. Car. 741. G. acris, F. p. 65, Syn. Car. 742. G. pallidus, F. p. 67, Syn. Car. 735. G, deliciosus, F. p. 67, Syn. Car. 737, et. Pennsyly. G. volemus, F. 69, Syn. Car. 736, destaceus. G. subduleis, F. 70, Syn. Car. 739. . G. helous, F. 72, Syn. Car. 738 (ruber). G. flecuosus, F. 74, Syn. Car. 734. G. piperatus, F. 76, Syn. Car. 732, etiam frequens Pennsyly. G. rxp100, L.v. S., Syn. Car. 743, valde frequens est sylvis Pennsylyaniae, interdum maximus. G. theiogalus, F. n. rarius, Pocono in sylyis montosis Pennsyly. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 147 Suneen. 8. CLITOCYBE. : 64. 64. A. C. muvpexs, L. y.S., Syn. Car. 604. Insignis hic fungus vulgatissimus ineunte autumno sylvis P 65. 65. A. 66. 66. A. 67%, 67. A. 68. 68. A. 69. 69. A. foo} _ z PPP PPP Pp>P bb PP bp b> bp ppb P ennsyly. ° C. giganteus, F. 80, Syn. Car. 772(Omph. maxima). C. gilvus, F. 81, Syn. Car. 764, (Omph. ) et. Pennsyly. C. gibbus, F. 81, Syn. Car. 765. C. phyllophilus, F. 83, Syn. Car. 776. C. clavipes, F. 86, Syn. Car. 652. C. nebularis, F. 86, Syn. Car. 650, et. Pennsyly. C. fumosus, F. 88, Syn. Car. 648, et. Pennsyly. C. viridis, F. 90, Syn. Car. 627. C. odorus, F. 90, Syn. Car. 626. C. candicans, F. 91, Syn. Car. 774. . cretaceus, F. 95, Syn. Car. 667. . cerinus, F. 89, rarius circum Bethlehem. . pratensis, F. 99, Syn. Car. 605. . psittacinus, F. 102, Syn. Car. 636. . laetus, F. 102, Syn. Car. 634. ceraceus, F. 102, Syn. Car. non sed postea Salem inventus. conicus, F. 103, Syn. Car. 635, et. Pennsyly. coccineus, F. 105, Syn. Car. 633. laccatus, F. 107, Syn. Car. 770, (O. farinacea) freq. etiam Pennsylv. . amethystus, var. 8, mihi spec. distinct. Syn. Car. 786. bellus, F. 107, Syn. Car. 767 (Omphal.). sulphureus, F. 110, Syn. Car. 625. melaleucus, F. 114, Salem inventus, non in Synop. . platyphyllus, F. 117, Syn. Car. 657. . cuneifolius, F. 116, Syn. Car. 649 (atrocinereus). . radicatus, F, 118, Syn. Car. 612, freq. et. Pennsyly. - . C. velutipes, F. 119, Syn. Car. 613, et Pennsyiy. C. renvires, L. v. S.,inter folia putrescentia Bethlehem. Affinis A. velutipedi, sed differt maafkamameanfaaale contextu pilei. A. Pileo ferrugineo-spadiceo, tenui (1—unciali diametro), submembranaceo nec carnoso, margine sub- striato. radicato Lamellis latiusculis pallidis. Stipite, apice lamellis concolore, longissimo, 6—12 unciali, , deorsum subattenuato, crassitie pennae corvinae, velutino et, ut velufipes, hirsutie tecto, sub- striato et versus basin flexuoso. Pilei centrum depressum et subumbonatum eyadit. Solitarie crescit. 93. 93. A. 94, 94. A. 95. 95. -A. 96. 96. A. 97. 97. A. 98. 98. 99. 99. 100. 100. 101. 101. 102. 102. 103. 103. 104. 104. 105. 105. 106. 106. 107. 107. *108. 108. C. butyraceus, F. 121, Syn. Car. 608 (trichopus). C. asimus, F. 121, Syn. Car. 658. C. confluens, F. 123, Syn. Car. 666 (rufocinnamom, ). C. dryophilus, F. 124, Syn. Car. 669 (omphal.). C. oreades, F. 127, Syn. Car. 652, (collinus) et. Pennsyly. Suscen. 9. COLLYBIA, A. C. scorodonius, F. 130, Syn. Car. 671 (alliatus). A. C. calopus, F. 130, Syn. Car. 672. A. C. stccus, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 677, (mycena) et. Pennsyly. A. C. n1erires, L. v.S., Syn. Car. 678, (myc.) et. Pennsylv. A. C. esculentus, F. 131, Syn. Car. 693, et. Pennsyly. A. C. tenacellus, F. 131, Syn. Car. 692. A. C. tuberosus, F. 133, Syn. Car. 674, et. Pennsyly. A. C. ramealis, F. 135, Syn. Car. 675, et. Pennsyly. A. C. rotula, F. 136, Syn. Car. 787, freq. Pennsyly. A. C. androsacea, F. 137, Syn. Car. 788, freq. et. Pennsylv. A. C. stipitarius, F. 138, ramulis dejectis et defossis, subgregarie increscit Bethlehem. a: ty 148 SYNOPSIS OF *109. 109. A. C. perforans, F. 138, Salem et Bethlehem. 410 110. A. C. epiphyllus, F. 139, Syn. Car. 789, et Pennsylyv. Suzcen. 10. MYCENA. 111. 111. A. M. alliaceus, F. 140, Syn. Car. 676, et. Pennsyly. n 119. 112. A. M. amictus, F. 141, Syn. Car. 681 (atroalbus). ve: #113. 113. A. M. jilopes, F. 142, Bethlehem, (pilosus Pers.) 414. 114. A. M. alcalinus, F. 142, Syn. Car. 684, (leptocephalus). 115. 115. A. M. galericulatus, F. 143, Syn. Car. 679, et. Pennsyly. 116. 116. A. M. polygrammus, F. 146, Syn. Car. 680. 417. 117. A. M. galopus, F. 148, Syn. Car. 682. 118. 118. A. M. haematopus, F. 149, Syn. Car. 683. 119. 119. A. M. elegans, F. 149, Syn. Car. 695. 420. 120. A. M. purus, F. 151, Syn. Car. 639. 121. 121. A. M. adonis, F. 152, Syn. Car. 696. 122, 122. A. M. dineatus, F. 152, Syn. Car. 687. 193. 123. A. M. lacteus, F. 152, Syn. Car. 698, et. Pennsylv. 124. 124. A. M. stylobates, F. 153, Syn. Car. 694. 195. 125. A. M. epipterygius, F. 155, Syn. Car. 686, et. Pennsyly. 196. 126, A. M. citrinellus, F. 155, Syn. Car. 688, et. Pennsyly. 127. 127. A. M. vulgaris, F. 156, Syn. Car. 699, et. Pennsyly. 198. 198. A. M. setisepus, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 779 (Omphal.). 129. 129. A. M. corticola, F. 159, Syn. Car. 700, et- Pennsylv. 130. 130. A. M. inéegrellus, F.161, Syn. Car. 697, et Pennsyly. Suncen. 11. OMPHALIA. 131. 131. A. O. fibula, F. 165, Syn. Car. 792, et. Pennsyly. - 132. 152. A. O. ericetorum, F. 165, Syn. Car. 793, et. Pennsyly. 133. 133. A. O. campanelia, F.166, Syn. Car. 790, et. Pennsylv. 134. 134. A. O. muscorum, F. 167, Syn. Car. 791, et. Pennsyly. 135. 135. A. O. chrysoleucus, F. 167, Syn. Car. 775. 136. 136. A. O. atratus, F. 168, Syn. Car. 785 (nigrella). 137. 137. A. O. epichysium, F. 169, Syn. Car. 784, et. Pennsyly. 138. 138. A. O. fragrans, F. 171, Syn. Car. 771. 439. 139. A. O. expallens, F. 172, Syn. Car. 783. 140. 140. A. O. cyathiformis, F. 173, Syn. Car. 782 (tardus). Suneen. 12. PLEUROTUS. 141. 141.°A. P. dryinus, F. 180, Syn. Car. 803, freq. Pennsyly. 142. 142. A. P. glandulosus, F. 182, Syn. Car. 801, et. Pennsyly. 143, 143. A. P. astreatus, F. 182, Syn. Car. 802, et. Bethlehem. 144, 144. A. P. salignus, F. 183, Syn. Car. 803, et. Bethlehem. 145. 145. A. P. conchatus, F.181, Syn. Car. 797. Vide Suppl. Friesii, Elenchus, p. 23. Freq. etiam Bethlehem. Huc etiam A. inconstans, F. 181, n. 5. 146. 146, A. P. rusarrormis, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 799. 147. 147. A. P. petaloides, F. 183, Syn. Car. 807 (spathulatus). 2148, 148. A. P. lamellirugus, F. 184, Bethlehem. 149. 149. A. P. ulmarius, F. 186, Syn. Car. 795, Bethlehem. 150. 150. A. P. tessellatus, F. 186, Syn. Car. 796. 451, 151. A. P. serotinus, F. 187, Syn. Car. 905, Bethl. freq. 152. 152. A. P. stypticus, F. 188, Syn. Car. 811, et. Beth. 153. 153. A. P. nidulans, F. 189, Syn. Car. §12, et. Beth. *154. 154. A. P. algidus, F. 190, Bethlehem in betulis. 155. 155. A. P. . PECTINATUS, L. y.S., F. Suppl. Elench. p. 24, Syn. Car. 814, etiam Beth — NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 149 *156. 156. A. P. tremulus, F. 191, Bethlehem. 157. 157. A. P. rigens, 2 tenuissimus, Syn. Car. 813, Suppl. Elench, F. p, 26, T. "158. 158. A. P. farinaceus, F. 188, Beth. 159. 159,'A. P. applicatus, F. 192, Syn. Car. 816, epigaeus. 160. 160. A. P. striatulus, F. 193, Syn. Car. 818, Beth. "161. 161. A. P. tamexxosvs, L. v. S., passim ad ligna et cortices, Beth. A 162. 162. A. P. igen, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 817, F. Suppl. Elench. 26. B Ser. Hyporhodii. Sunoex. 13. MOUCERON. 163. 163. A. M. prunulus, F. 193, Syn. Car. 777, et. Beth. Suncen. 14. CLITOPILUS. 164. 164 A. C. adstringens, F. 195, Syn. Car. 651. 165. 165. A. C. sericellus, F. 196, Syn. Car. 665. 166. 166. A. C. fertilis, F. 197, Syn. Car. 631. 167. 167. A. C. leoninus, F. 199, Syn. Car. 638. 168. 168. A. C. pluteus, F. 199, Syn. Car. 654, et. Beth. 169. 169. A. C. nanus, F. 200, Syn. Car. 655. Suneen. 15. LEPTONIA, er 16. NOLANEA. 170. 170. A. L. chalybaeus, F. 205, Syn. Car. 645, et. Beth. *171. 171. A. L. serrulatus, F. 204, non in Synop. tamen Salem. 172. 172. A. L. pascuus, F. 205, Syn. Car. 729, et. Beth. > y Cortimariae. Suseen. 18. TELAMONIA. e 173. 173. A. T. flexipes, F. 212, Syn. Car. 570, Lepiota: 174. 174. A. T. geniilis, F. 212, Syn. Car. 569, Lep. helvola. 175. 175. A. T. macropus, F. 215, Syn, Car. 571, Lep. 176. 176. A. T. bivelus, F. 215, Syn. Car. 593, Cort. fulgens. Sunseen. 19. INOLOMA. 177. 177. A. I. violaceus, F. 217, Syn. Car. 574, et. Beth. 178. 178. A. I. violaceo-cinereus, F. 217, Syn. 575, et. Beth. 179. 179. A. I. argentatus, F. 218, Syn. Car. 588. 180. 180. A. I. albo-violaceus, F. 218, Syn. Car. 587 et: Beth. 181. 181. A. I. conopus, F. 219, Syn. Car. 586. 182. 182. A. I. pholideus, F. 219, Syn. Car. 584 (lepidomyces). 183. 183. A. I. anomalus, F. 220, Syn. Car. 644 (Gym. eumorph.). 184. 184. A. I. subtortus, F. 222, Syn. Car. 582, Pennsylv. . 185. 185. A. I. infractus, F.223, Syn. Car. 581, Pennsyly. ‘ 186. 186. A. I. scaurus, F. 223, Syn. Car. 583 (fulvofulig.). 187. 187. A. I. rufo-olivaceus, F. 223, Syn. Car. 585, Pennsyly. 188. 188. A. I. calluchrous, F. 224, Syn. Car. 579 et 580, decolorans. 189. 189. A. I. glaucopus, F. 224, Syn. Car. 578. 190. 190. A. I. turbinatus, F. 225, Syn. Car. 592. Vou. IV.—2 N 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219, 220. 221. 222. 223. 191. 192. 193. 194, 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. PPP al -alll oll all ee eat ta ghee he Ah al ca SYNOPSIS OF SuneEen. 21. DERMOCYBE. D. cinnamomeus, F. 229, Syn. Car. 597, et. Beth. . D. croceus, an. yar. Syn. Car. 598, et. Beth. D. hemitrichus, F. 230, Syn. Car. 596. . D. iliopodius, F. 231, Syn. Car. 628 (dulcamarus). D. acutus, F. 233, Syn. Car. 615, Bethl. D. ochroleucus, F. 234, Syn. Car. 595, et. Bethl. D. armeniacus, F. 234, Syn. Car. 601, et. Beth]. | D. castaneus, F. 235, Syn. Car. 599, et. Bethl. D. decipiens, F. 236, Syn. Car. 600, et. Pennsyly. D. decumbens, F. 237, Syn. Car. 589. . D. semiglobatus, F. 237, Syn. Car. 623. D. croceo-caeruleus, F. 238, Syn. Car. 643 (Gym.). . D. picreus, F. 239, Syn. Car. 614. D. penticuratts, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 603. 6 Dermini. Suseen. 22. PHOLIOTA. . P. aureus, F. 241, Syn. Car. 565, Lepiota. . P. aurivellus, F. 242, Syn. Car. 564. . P. squarrosus, F. 243, Syn. Car. 563. . P. tuberculosus, F. 244, Syn. Car. 611 (curvipes): . P. mutabilis, F. 245, Syn. Car. 567, caudicinus, freq. etiam Pennsylv. Suscen. 23. MYXACIUM. . P. collinitus, F. 248, Syn. Car. 577. Suscen. 24. HEBEOLOMA. . H. fastibilis, F. 249, Syn. Car. 630, et. Pennsyly. Susern. 25. FLAMMULA. F. flavidus, F. 250, Syn. Car. 594 (Cort.). . F. spumosus, F. 252, Syn. Car. 726, (Pras. silacea) etiam Pennsylvania sero-autumno- . F. maculosus, F. 253, Syn. Car. 669 (Gym. ). . F. lentus, F. 253, Syn. Car. 590. F. cohaerens, F. 253, Syn. Car. 606. Suneen. 26. INOCYBE. I. rimosus, F. 258, Syn. Car. 610, et. Pennsylv. . I. geophyllus, F. 258, Syn. Car. 642 et 670. . I. seabellus, F. 259, Syn. Car. 673. Sunern. 27. NAUCORIA. N.-conspersus, F. 260, Syn, Car. 617. . N. pumilus, F. 263, Syn. Car. 616. Suncey. 28. GALERA. A. G. tener, F. 265, Syn. Car. 691, et. Bethl. A. G. hypnorum, F. 267, Syn, Car. 690, et. Bethl. #225. 228, 229. *230. # NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 151 Suncen. 29. TAPINIA. 224. A. T. involutus, F. 271, Syn. Car. 763. Suneen. SO. CREPIDOTUS. 225. A. CG. atro-tomentosus, F. 273, Salem et Bethl. 226. A. C. mollis, F. 274, Syn. Car. 810, et. Beth. 227. A. C. planus porrigens, Syn. Car. 809. 228. A. C. variabilis, F. 275, Syn. Car. 815. 229. A. C. depluens, F. 275, Syn. Car. 816 (epigaeus’. 230. A. C. violaceo-fulvus, F. 276, Bethlehem. 231. A. C. byssisedus, F. 276, Bethlehem. « Pratellae. Sunoen. 31. VOLVARIA. 232. A. V. bombycinus, F. 277, Syn. Car. 540. Amanita incarnata. 233. A. V. volvaceus, F. 278, Syn. Car. 541. Am. virgata. 234. A. V. speciosus, F. 278, Syn. Car. caret Salem. 235. A. V. pusilla, F. 278, Syn. Car. Am, pusilla, 542. Suncen. 31, d. VAGINATA, 236. A. V. cepaestipes, F. 279, Syn. Car. 718. Suseen. 52. PSALLIOTA. 237. A. P. campestris, F. 281, Syn. Car. 719 et 720, et. Pennsyly. 238. A. P. praecox, F. 282, Syn. Car. 725, et. Pennsyly. 239. A. P. semiglobatus, F. 284, Syn. Car. 710, Coprin et. Pennsyly. 240. A. P. echinatus, F. 286, Syn. Car. 721. 241. A. P. aeruginosus, F. 286, Syn. Car. 722. Suncen. 33. HYPHOLOMA. 242. A. H. lateritius, F. 288, Syn. Car. 724, freq. Pennsyly. 243. A. H. fascicularis, F. 288, Syn. Car. 725, et. Pennsyly. Suncen. 34. PSILOCYBE. 244, A. P. ericaceus, F. 291, Syn. Car. 715 et 716, etiam Pennsylvania. 245. A. P. montanus, F. 293, Syn. Car. 731, et. Pennsyly. 246. A. P. foenisicii, F. 295, Syn. Car. 713, et. Pennsyly. : Suneen. 35, PSATHYRA. 247. A. P. stipatus, F. 296, Syn. Car. 727, et. Pennsyly. 248. A. P. caesius, Syn. Car. 730. Scneen. 36. COPRINARIUS. 249. A. C. semiovatus, F. 300, Syn. Car. 711, et. Penns. 250. A. C. papilionaceus, F. 301;Syn, Car. 712, et. Penns. 251, A. C. fimicola, F.301, Syn. Car. 714, et. Penns. 252. A. C. vitellinus, F. 303, Syn. Car. 704, 253. A. C. litubans, F. 304, Syn. Car. 717. 254. A. C. conocephalus, F. 304, Syn. Car. 728. . 255. A. C. disseminatus, F. 305, Syn. Car. 705, et. Pennsyly, Suncey. 37. GOMPHUS. 256. A, G. nHopoxantuus, L, y. S., Syn. Car. 640. 152 257. 257. SYNOPSIS OF B. Coprinus. ; A. C. comatus, F. $07, Syn. Car. 701. ! *258. 258. A. C. atramentarius, F. 308. Philadelphia, frequens i in Washington Square, ubi primum observyatus a D. Coxe, qui experimentis curiosis ex fungo deliquescente atramentum confecit valde indestructibile. ee Octobr. 259. 260. *261. 262. 263. *264. 265. 266. 267. *268. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263 264. . 265. 266. aE; QAF A. C. micaceus, F. 309, Syn. Car. 703 feet a A. C. cinereus, F. 310, Syn. Car. 702, et. Pennsyly. . C. niveus, F. 311, rarius Pennsylvania obvius. C. domesticus, F. 311, Syn. Car. 706, et. Bethl. . C. ephemeroides, F. 313. Rar. Bethl. . C. ephemerus, F. 313, Syn. Car. 708, freq. et. Bethl. . C. radiatus, F. 313, Syn. Car. 709, et. Bethlehem. A A. ; . A. C. plicatilis, F. 312, Syn. Car. 707, (pulcher) et. Pest: A A A Genus 2. Favotus. alveolarius, Fr. Polyp. p. 343, Syn. Car. 876,-sub Boleto arculario. Bene distinctus. ~ anyormis, L. y. S.,an novum Genus? Rarissime occurrit in cortice castaneo: hic fungus abnormis, Bethlehem—guasi Fayolum resupinatum in miniatura referens. F. membranaceus, subfragilis, omnino resupinatus, unciali longitudine ac semiunciali latitudine ; sub- separabilis, superficie fusca, poris quasi magnis pro ratione, exacte hexagonis, favum referentibus vix excavatis concoloribus, obsita, nitente. 269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. L. L. L. _L. Do pot + Sa . L. Genus 3. Lenrinus. Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. pag. 77. a. Mesopodes. Scawzrnrrzu, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 605, A. denticulat. Supp. Elench. Fr. p. 46. Lxecomret, L. y. S., , Syn. Car. 794, A. crinitus, e Georgia, Suppl. Elench. F. p. 47. stricosus, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 800, Elench. F: 47. tigrinus, F. 176, Syn. Car. 778, Agaric. lepideus, F. 176, Syn. Car. 798, A. tessulatus. cochleatus, 8 dentatus, F. 177, Syn. Car. 766, frequentissimus Pennsylvania in yiis publicis ex pineis palis constructis, ac in Pocono, mense Augusto, vigens maxime tempore sicco. Saepe 6—7 unciali pileo ; stipite brevi tenacissimo. 8275: 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. oan NOabwpr eaaeana oe) Ors Ae Er » Le b. Pleurotes. chama, F. 181, Carolin. in querc. Non in Syn. Jlabelliformis, F. 185, Syn. Car. 806. PeLLicuLosus, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 808, et in Elench. F. pag. 47, Agaricus. Genus 4. CANTHARELLUS. Trib. 1. Mesorvs. - aurantiacus, Fr. n. 2, Syn. Car. 826, non in Pennsyly. . cibarius, F. n. 3, Syn. Car. 825, rarius etiam Pennsyly. . tubaeformis, F. n. 7, Syn. Car. 828, etiam Bethl. . lutescens, F. n. 8, Syn. Car. 827, freq. Pennsyly. . cinereus, F. n. 9, Syn. Car. 829, rarior etiam Bethl. . cornucoptoides, F. n. 10, Syn. Car. 830, freq. Bethl. . oponatus, Syn. Car. 832, Elench. F. p. 51, solummodo in Car. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 153 285. 8..C. nosrus, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 833, Elench. F. p. 53, in Carol. exclus. 286. 9. C. crynanantnes, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 641, sub Agarico, vulgaris in Pennsyly. praesertim in Kalmetis et omnino ad hoc genus pertinens. *287. 10. C. rtoccosus, L. y. S., sylvis vastis faginis, “‘ Beech Woods” dictis, in monte Pocono, Penn sylvania. C. magnus, altitudine sexunciali, gregarius, tubaeformis, substantia subcarnoso-suberosa. Pileo infun- dibuliformi excavato, ime in stipitem ; superficie floccoso-squamulosa, lutescente, 2—3 uncias lato, margine inflexo, undulato, repando. Plicts ramoso-furcatis densis, decurrentibus in stipitem cavum compressum, concoloribus. Stipite versus basin abiente in radicem subhorizontalem indurescentem. Pondus totius fungi laevissimus promagnitudine. Dantur specimina in quibus Pile: bini aut plurimi ex eodem stipite, inde subramoso, proveniunt. *288. 11. C. wexrosrorpss, L. y. S., in ramulis dejectis putridis rarissime, Salem, Carol. C. minutissimus, 2 lin. vix excedens. Stipite gracili, glabro, fusco. Pileo pulvinato, subcarnoso, demum indurato, spadiceo, glabro, 4 lin. lato. Plicis plerumque quatuor simplicibus, radiatim de- currentibus, lutescentibus ; stipite concolori. An ad genus Persooniiin Myc. Europ. Perona ? Trib. 2. Prevrorvs et Arvus. 289. 12. C. crispus, F. p. 323, n. 2, Syn. Car. 837, etiam ex New York, misit cel. Torrey. 290. 13. C. recannatus, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 840. Vulgaris, Salem, in truncis dejectis, nunquam in Pennsyly. obvius. Fries. in Elench. p. 57, n. 1, perperam ad Merulium. 291. 14. C. conrtvens, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 836, erispo satis affinis. Et in Pennsylvania occurrit, nec ad Merulium pertinet ut habet Fries. in Elench. p. 57, n. 2. 292. 15. C. sparuvtanta, L. y. S., Syn- Car. 839, ubi depictus, fig. Let 2. Etiam ex Tropicis, Surinam, 293. 16. C. currssst, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 835, ex Georgia. 294. 17. C. muscigenus, F. n. 3, Syn- Car. 834. *295. 18. C. fissilis, F. n. 8, Bethlehem. "296. 19. C. muscorum, F. n. 10, Carol. non inventus, sed ex missis amicissimi Torrey in muscis, New York. *297. 20. C.tenellus, F.n. 11, ad trabes putrid., Bethl. *298. 21. C. cupularis, F.n. 12, rarius Bethlehem in stipitibus herbarum. Perizam bat disco sub- plicato fuligineo-badio. °299. 22. rascrcutatus, L. y. S.,ex New York communicavit amicissimus Torrey, in cortice ignoto pro- veniens. C. fasciculatim proveniens, minutus, caespites 4 lineares latitudine, 2—3 altitudine efficiens. Fungus stipitatus, vertice porrecto, referens Perizam anomalam ; stipitibus fasciculi, quasi in basin latius- culam coalitis—in cupulam campanulatam valde fissilem elongatis (extus colore ceryino) furfuraceam. Plicis in cupula indistinctis, statu sicco ob clausam cupulam non observandis, colore lutescentibus. Stipitibus porrectis, basi albo-tomentosis. *300. 23. C. ortvacevs, L. v. S., rarissime obvius. Salem, Carolinae, in terra ad vias. C. Pleuropus. Pileo + taciale subcarnoso-suberoso, dimidiato, pulvinato, repando, margine sub- inflexo, subtomentoso, centro impresso; in stipitem crassum, brevissimum, nigrum, lateralem, stri- gosulum porrecto. Pileo olivaceo, quasi Boleti cujusdam subtomentosi. Plicis luteis, anastomo- santibus, dense intertextis, in hymenio carnoso. *301. 24. C. vinrnis, L. vy. S., in ligno putrido rarus et satis abnormis. An sit Periza ex vicinitate Phialearum? Bethlehem. C. substipitatus, dimidiatus aut irregularis, + unciam non magnitudine excedens, gregarius, substantia firma quasi elastica. Cupulis demum subcorneis, obconicis, virescenti-fuscis, extus e stipite plicatis. Disco ime excavato aut interdum applanato, vivide virente 4 lin. lat. In explicatissimis, pileus quasi repando undulatus, in aliis contractus. Vou. IV.—2 O 154 SYNOPSIS OF Genus 5. ScuizopHyLium. 302. 1. S. commune, F. p. 330, n. 1, Syn. Car. 819, Agaricus alneus. Vulgatissimus ut in Carolina etiam in Pennsyly. in truncis fere omnibus, ex cortice ac ligno, Nun- quam autem pinis increscens. Suzsogpo IJ. POLYPOREI, Genus 6. Boxtzrus. 30S. 1. B. luteus, F. p. 386, n. 1, Syn. Car. 854 (annulatus), et. Bethlehem, pinetis r..c, Pocono, *304. 2. B. jlavidus, F. n. 2, ad margines paludum Pocono. 305, 3. B. granulatus, F. 3, Syn. Car. 858 (circinans), et. Pennsyly. *306. 4. B. bovinus, F. 4, yulgatus Pennsyly. et Carol. 307. 5. B. piperatus, F. 5, Syn. Car. 861, etiam Bethl. 308. 6. B. variegatus, F. 6; Syn. Car, 862 (reticulatus), rarior. * 309. 7. B. subtomentosus, F. 10, Syn. Car. .859, et. Pennsylv. 310. 8. B. calopus, F. 11, Syn. Car. 870, et. Pennsyly. 311. 9. B. luridus, F. 13, Syn. Car. 868, et. Bethl. et 869. 312. 10. B. casianeus, F. 14, Syn. Car. 866, et. Bethl. 313. 11. B. edulis, F. 15, Syn. Car. 867, rarior et. Pennsylv. 314. 12. B. Pocono, L. y. S., in sylvis montosis Pocono fagineis. ° B. minor, 2—3 uncias altus, Pileo pulvinato, unciali tantum, minufim strigoso-subtomentoso margine, arcte inflexo, cervino. Poris majusculis, angulato-prominulis, concoloribus. Stipite 2—3 unciali, subattenuato, basin versus incrassato, apice pallido-striato, ceterum spadiceo, subfurfuraceo, 315. 18; -B: Jloccopus; F. 17, Syn. Car. 863, floccosus, L.v. S,, frequens Beth]. ad vias umbrosas, r. c. Bartow’s spring. 316. 14. B. scaber, F. 18, Syn. Car. 857, non freq. 317. 15. B. felleus, F. 19, Syn. Car. 865, et. Pennsyly. 313. 16. B. seruna, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 860, frequens etiam Bethlehem in sylvis. * 319. 17. B. atnoarer, L. y. S.,an Muhlenberg, Syn. Car. 864, etiam Bethlehem. Genus 7. Potyporus, Trib. 1. Mesoprvs. a Subcarnosi. 320. 1. P. subsguamosus, F. p. 435, n. 1, 2 leucomelas, Syn. Car. 871. Nondum Pennsyly. 321. 2. P. ovinus, F. n. 2, Syn. Car. 872 (albidus), Syn. Car. 872, in Pilota. #322. 3. P. melanopus, F. n. 4, Bethlehem ad trunc. 323. 4. P. fuliginosus, F. 5, Syn. Car. 873, et. Bethl. 324. 5. P. brumalis, F. 6, Syn. Car. 874, et. Bethl. rarior. #325. 6. P. ciliatus, F, 7, pileo minuto, Salem iny. 326. 7. P. leptocephalus, F. 8, Salem et Bethlehem passim. B Coriacei. 327. 8. P. perennis, F. p. 350, n. 13, Syn. Car. 875, et. Bethl. freq. #328. 9. P.rufescens, F.n. 14, rarius obyius Salem. $29. 10. P. Schweinitzii, F. n. 16, Syn. Car. 878, sistotremoides. Specimina pulchra inveni Bartrami Horto Philadelphia. *530. 11. P, connarus,L. y.S. P.cinnamomeus, Pers. p. 41, pessime descriptus, huc pertinet. Salem rarior. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 155 P. pileis coriaceis, velutinis, saepe multis in unum connatis, ex cinnamomeo albidis, centro umbilicatis, limbo repando, eleganter zonatis. Poris magnis cinnamomeis, laceratis ; hinc valde differt ab perenni. Stipitibus 4-uncialibus, compressis, ligneo-suberosis, cinnamomeis, basi tuberosis. Pileis singulis diametro unciali, sed ad octo confluunt. *331. 12. P. nanrearos, L. y. S., melius ad priorem sectionem forsan. In terra lignosa juxta truncos, Bethlehem. Substantia ambit inter 2 sect. P. solitarius ; radice longa, fusiformi, suberosa, nigra, ad 1—2 uncias penetrans, terram lignosam ex trencis corruptis ortam. Stipite cylindrico unciali in Hymenium obconicum dilatato, minutim squamuloso, albido. Hymenio ex poris oyatis majusculis, parietibus tuborum crassiusculis, non profundis regulariter dispositis, constante. Pileo pulvinatim applanato, marginibus inflexis, centro impresso, fuligineo-pallido, minutim subtomentoso ; diametro 14 unciali. Trib. 2. Prevnorvs. 332. 13. P. varius, F. p. 352, n. 1, Syn. Car. 884, freq. et. Bethl. 333. 14. P. badius, Pers. certissime specie distinctus, Syn. Car. 883 et 877, numularius frequens aeque ac prior etiam Bethlehem. 334. 15. P. lucidus, F. 353, n. 2, Syn. Car. $82, freq. et maximus et Bethlehem. Valde varians. Junior saepe clavatus et abnormis. Trib. 3. Menisma. *335. 16. P. umbellatus, F. p. 354, n. 1, prope Quakertown. 336. 17. P. frondosus, F.n. 2; Syn. Car. 879, et. Pennsylvania, 337. 18. P. giganteus, F. n. 4, etiam passim Pennsylvania, 880. 338. 19. P. cristatus, F.n. 5. Syn. Cur. 881, etiam Pocono. 339. 20. P. sulphureus, F. n. 6, Syn. Car. 885 et 886, citrinus et croceus. Freq. Bethl. ingentibus speciminibus, ad radices et in mediis truncis. Observatur saepe ut statu exsoleto splendet nocte luce phosphoreo. *340. 21. P. intricatus, F. 7, ramosus, Bethl. rarius sed dintinete (S41, 22. P. crayzorens, L.y. S., Syn. Car. 901, Elench. F. p. 79, et Peasaylen. Nazareth, sed rarior. Semper medio arboris trunco increscit durissimus ac difficiliter separandus. ; Trib. 4. Apus. a Autumnales. 342. 23. P. hispidus, F. p. 362,n. 1, Syn. Car. 891, et. Bethlehem, saepe maximus. 343. 24. P. casyninrarcus, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 950, Sistotrema spongiosum, vide Elench. Fries. p. 83. *344, 25. P. spumeus, F. p. 358, n. 2. Pine swamp invyentus: colore subspadiceo, a fungo Friesii differt. ‘ B Annui. tT Carnosi. *345. 26. P. betulinus, F. 358, n. 1, rarissime nobis, Beechwoods, (vix Carolina) et New York missus (ad Sectionem sequentem). *346. 27. P. chionaeus, F. 359, n. 3, olim P. spongiosus, L. y. S., passim Bethlehem. 347. 28. P. destructor, F. 359, n. 4, Syn. Car. 920, ad rad. trunc. *348. 29. P. dacteus, F. 359, n. 5, vix pubescit pileus in nostro; Bethlehem rarius, 349. 30. P. stipticus, F. 359, n. 6, Syn. Car. 888, et. Bethlehem. 350. 31. P. mollis, F. 360, n. 7, Syn. Car. 890, et. Bethlehem. 351. 32. P. caesius, F. 360, n. 8, Syn. Car. 889, et- Bethlehem. *352. 33. P. fragilis, F. Elench. p. 86, Stumpstown, Pennsyly. *353. 34. P. tephroleucus, F. p. 360, n. 9, Bethlehem rarus. #354. 35. P. alutaceus, F. p. 360, n. 10, Bethlehem distinctis. *355. 36. P. rimanironvs, L. vy. S., in ramis dejectis tenuioribus castaneis, Bethl. P. subtriangularis, substantia carnosa, aquose spongiosa, omnino P. mollis. Pileo glabro, pallido, 156 SYNOPSIS OF siccitate ruguloso et contracto volumine. Poris albescentibus, rotundis, minutis, circum apices mire fimbriato ciliatis. Diametro unciali. Tempore sicco indurescit. tt Subcarnosi. *356. 37. P. pubescens, F. p. 367, n. 8, Bethlehem rarus, olim P. caespitulans mihi. 357. 38. P. fumosus, F. p. 367, Syn. Car. 901, Salem. 351. $9. P. urnvxarus, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 893, Elench. F. p. 87. 359. 40. P. rsanrtxinus, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 899, Elench. p. 88. *360. 41. P. nicnopunrurasceEns, L. y. S., rarius in Carolina obyius, non Poria 925, quanquam speci- mina sub hoc nomine a me Friesio communicata huc pertinent. P. pileis dense imbricatis, dimidiatis, albo strigoso-tomentosis, vix fasciatis, nisi in margine tenui fexu- oso ferrugineo, Poris minutis subflexuosis et fusco nigro purpurascentibus. Fasciculis similibus P. adusto et amorpho, quibus affinis proyenit. *361. 42. P. amorphus, (Pers. aureolus) F. n. 8, Salem et Bethl. 362. 43. P. adustus, F.n. 6, Syn. Car. 898, et. Bethl. freq. 363. 44. P. crispus, F. n. 5, Syn. Car. 900, et. Bethl. THT Subsuberosz. #364. 45, P. ulmarius, F. p. 365, n. 2. Lancaster, rip. Conestogae. in trunco ulmi. *365. 46. P. suaveolens, F. 366, n. 5, rarissimus.. Specimina optima ex New York misit Torrey. *566. 47. P.populinus, F. 367, n. 6, in trunco mali Bethl. 367. 48. P. untcoxor, L. y. S., Syn. Car. solitarius semper—distinctissimus, etiam passim in Pennsyl- vania, in medio trunco. 368. 49. P. crrvrnus, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 902, Elench. Fr. p. 92, solummodo in Carolina observavi. 369.. 50. P. serialis, F. p. 370, Syn. Car. 927, contiguus freq- et. Bethlehem. "370. 51. P. rrnorar, L. vy. S., maximus in monte Pilota Carol. in trunco castaneo. P. pileo maximo, pedali fere dimidiato, subradicato, i. e., uno latere ime intrante lignum, substantia sua suberoso-fibrillosa, demum indurata. Ceterum superficie pilei superna née tomentosa, nec strigosa, potius rugosa, scariosaet subresinosa. Tubis longissimis, discretis, arcte invicem adpressis, luce obyersis subdiaphanis, atrofuscis aut brunneis succulentis. Poris minutulis angulatis, succo resinoso repletis. Plusquam 4 uncias crassus.- Substantia fibroso-suberosa, interne subrutilans. *9371. 52. P. pantipo-crryrnvus, L. v. S. rarius obyius, Hamburg, Berks County, non valde distinctus. P. minor, dimidiatus uncialis. Pileo gilvo cervino, glabro—substantia subcarnosa. Poris pallidis flexuo- sis tubis longiusculis. Potius ad sectionem carnosorum in yicinitate, mollis, sed colore valde distinctus. ttt Coriacer. . P. hirsutus, F. 367, n. 1, non rarus Bethlehem, in ramis Robiniae praesertim. 54 P. hirsutulus, L. y. S., rarus Bethlehem—ad Setosas Friesii, p- 861 in nota, pertinere videtur. P. minutus, dimidiatus aut rerifoorai subinfundibuliformis etiam ; ; substipitatus, coriaceus, 4 uncialis. Pileo strigoso-canescente griseo, fasciis notato ex pilis setosis, fuligineo-nigris, aggregatis in centro et in margine inflexo, inde ciliato. Poris pallidis subdecurrentibus. 374. 55. P. velutinus, F. p. 368, n. 2, vulgatissimus etiam in Pennsylvania et saepe maximus. 375. 56. P. xtenomarcinatus, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 912, videtur satis distinctus ab affini priori et in Pennsylvania semper in Liriodendro inyenitur. 376. 57. PB. zonalus, F. 568, n. 2, Syn. Car. 913, ochraceus, etiam Bethlehem. 377. 58. P. versicolor, F. n. 3, Syn. Car, 915. Ubique. "378. 59. P. stereoides, F. 369, n. 5, rariusin Pocono, affinis P. abietino. *379. 60. P. radiatus, F.n. ‘3 interdum substipitatus. Salem et Bethlehem occurrit. *380. 61. P. pallescens, F.n.7. Salem (Syn. Car. 913, Jutescens), et. Bethlehem. *381. 62. P. anierinvs, F. 370, Syn. Car. (Sistotrema violaceum, 949) omnium frequentissimus ad truncos frondosarum, aequeac alnorum. Bethl. et Sal. a 63. P. yinervevs, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 919, cum Icone, pulcher ac rarus, etiam Pennsyly., Elench. - p 96. BS 64. P. concurrer, L. v. S. Syn. Car. 918, Elench. F. p. 96, etiam Bethlehem rarior. 384. 65. P. Symenyton, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 951, Sistotrema Elenchus, F.p.97. Solummodo Carolina. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. he 7 “385. 66. P. prcirrens, L. y. S., rarior, obvius in truncis majoribus, Bethlehem. P. pileis uncialibus, tenuiusculis, coriaceis, imbricatis, albido-griseis, versus basin ochraceis, multifascia- tis, velutinis, in fasciis concoloribus, strigoso-pilosis. Fasciis undulato-eleyatis. Poris minutis inae- qualibus flavo-luteis. Ambit inter P. versicolorem et abietinum. *386. 67. P. panyutus, L. y. S., rarius in cortice Pinorum, Bethl. Pocono. P. pileis subresupinato-effusis, tamen undulatim protrusis vix imbricatis, coriaceis, albidis, strigosiss- imis, semiuncialibus, longitudinaliter confluentibus. Poris pallide ochraceis, majusculis, laceratis, in margine, praesertim in fungo resupinato, obliteratis. “387. 68. P. scurertarus, L. y. S., ramis et truncis Syringae vulgaris innascit Bethl. etiam ex New York habeo. P. minor, unciam vix excedens, plerumque semiuncialis, rarius dimidiatus ; plerumque basi affixus et inde omnino scutellatus, orbiculatus, aut subdifformiter ambitu undulato. Pileis durissimis, nigro-- fuscis, zonis suleato-rugosis, plicatis, glabris. Margine hymenioideo, albosubprominente. Hymenio ° disciformi excavato, quasi albo-pulverulento. Poris minutis rhomboideis, hymenium pertusum apparet, tubis albo-cinereis in centro longiusculis. Demum, pulvyere quasi detrito, pori nigrescunt. Substantia subcoriacea duriore ceteris hujus sectionis. y Biennes. *388. 69. P. sanguineus, F. 371, Syn. Car. caret, sed ibidem specimina elegantissima reperta sunt a me. 389. 70: P. cinnabarinus, F. 371, Syn. Car. 916, freq. Pennsyly. *390. 71. P. fraxineus, F. p: 374, saltem Pers. Myc. p. 68, valde distineta species, New York et Bethl. $391. 72. P. Agscuti, L. vy. S., Syn: Car. 887, Elench. F. p. 99, Salem rarus. 392. 73. P. resinosus, F. 361, Syn. Car. 892, fuscus. Non rarus etiam Pennsylvaniae. *393. 74. P. Benzoinus, F. Elench. p. 100, bene congruit. P. fuscogiluus, L. y. S., ad truncum unicum copiose Kreuterville, Pennsylvaniae. Species pulcherrima. Differt a priori subsimili multis notis. 394. 75. P. odoratus, F. 373, Syn. Car. 905, in monte Pocono. 395. 76, P. nidulans, F. 362, n. 2, prope Kaign’s Point, Philad. 396. 77. P. cuticularis, F. 363, n. 4, Syn. Car. alneus 895, etiam triqueter 894, in Robinia, &c. *397. 78. P. rutilans, F. 363, an carpineus, Syn. Car. 896, etiam ex Florida. Tenuitate distinctus. 398. 79. P.citvus, L. y.S., Syn. Car. 897, Elench, F. p. 104, frequens etiam Pennsylvania. « Perennes. $99. 80. P. marginatus, F. 372, Salem et Pocono. *400. 81. P. pinicola, F. n. 3, Salem et Pine Swamp freq. *401. 82. P. annosus, F. n. 5, in Betulis, Bethl. 2 *402. 83. P. dryadeus, F. p. 374, freq. ad truncos querneos. e 403. 84. P. fomentarius, F. n. 8, Syn. Gar. 909, vulgaris in frondosis arboribus, Bethl. et Salem. *404, 85. P. nigricans, F. n. 9, aff. priori, ex Florida.’ *405. 86. P. igniarius, F. n. 10, freq. Bethl. praesertim in Robiniis. *406. 87. P. Ribis, F. n. 11, passim ad antiq. Ribides, Bethlehem. 407. 88. P. conchatus, F. 12, Syn. Car. 910, et. Bethl. *408. 89. P. microporus, F. 13, ex Florida excepia clarissimo Leconte. Plerumque resupinatus. *409. 90. P. rosarus, L. y. S., rarissime in trunco, Salem obvius. P. irregulariter dimidiatus, postice porrectus, 3—4 unciali diametro, solitarius, yix semiunciali crass- itudine, durus. Pileo varie contorto, eleganter lobato; in superficie rugoso, ceterum glabro, pulvere tenui cinnamemeo fusco obtecto. Margine hymenioideo tumido, subreyoluto, tubis brevissimis, in- ferne obliquis, spadiceis ; poris minutis citrinis aut pallescentibus, demum spadiceis. *410. 91. P. Prxr canapgnsis, L. v. S., anad subsuberosos in truncis Pini canadens. ex Pine Swamp, Mauch Chunk. P. subsuberosus, fere totus resupinatus, pileo tantum in margine conspicuo, ligno adnatus nec sepa- rabilis, indurescens et tum contractus. Pileus ubi liber cervino-gilvus, fibris adpressis subzonatus, ambitu oyato-orbiculari, margine acuto; 4—6 unciali diametro. Tubis longissimis, in ambitu dimi- nutis, margine sterili, fusco-incarnatis intus cinereis. Poris minutis angulosis rubro-incarnatis. Vou. 1V.—2 P 158 SYNOPSIS OF Trib. 5. Resvuprnatts. 2 Poris coloratis. *411. 92. P. spongiosus, F. 1, in cavitate Juglandium, Bethlehem, non Salem. Pers. Myc. Eur. 89, 106. *412. 93. P. contiguus, F. 378, 2, confer. Elench. p. 114, non idem cum P. seriali. Rarius ad palos Bethlehem. *413. 94, P. ravescens, L. y. S., non absimilis P. megaloporo, Pers. Myc. Eur. ‘105, differt colore. Bethlehem rarius in ramis. Favum refert. P. resupinato-effusus ad pedalem longitudinem, crassus, margine tenui subalbido, determinatim elevato ambitu. Poris latiusculis, hexagonis ; tubis longissimis, pallidis. 414. 95. P. ferruginosus, F. 378, n. 3, Syn. Car. 923, Bethlehem. *415. 96. P. obliquus, F.n. 4, Pers. 116, incrustans, Sal. et Bethl. 416. 97. P. salicinus, F. 376, n. 15, Pers. 109, Syn. Car. 921, ad Salices et Betulas, Salem et Bethl. Semper resupinatus. *417, 98. P. subspadiceus, F. 378, n. 5, Pers. 118, in Fraxino Gnadenth. *418. 99. P. spissus, L. v. S., F. Elench. p. 111, n- 156, non idem cum P. juglandino. Satis affinis P. rufo, F *419. 100. P. undaius, Pers. Myc. n. 111, Elench. F. p. 111, in arbore adhuc stante emortuo. Bethl. *420. 101. P. Nieskyensis, Pers. Myc. 115, non ad incarnatum ; passim ad cortices, Bethlehem. *421, 102. P. umbrinus, Pers. Myc. 119, Bethlehem passim vix idem cum obdiquo nostro. 422. 103. P. Jueranpinvus, L. v. S., Syn. Car, 926, differt manifestim a P. spisso, Elench. F. 111. 423. 104. P. vrrrcora, L. y. S., Elench. F. 115, n. 36, incolit yites emortuas Carolinae, 2 papyraceus, candidus. 424. 105. P. xanthus, F. 379, n. 7, Pers. 123, Bethlehem. *425. 106. P. nitidus, F.n. 8, Pers. 122, olim croceus, L. y. S., elegantula species. Bethl. in salicibus. *4296. 107. P. putcuettus, L. v. S., rarior Bethlehem, olim xanthus mihi ; cortice increscit. P. resupinato-effusus, superficie inaequali, subplicata, rugosa, ambitu determinatus; margine undulato tumido, substerili. Poris minutis, regularibus, angustatis, tubis subobliquis in rugis superficiei. Totus fungus flavescens, durus, siccus, uncialis. *427. 108. P. violaceus, F. 379, n. 9, rarus Bethlehem. *498. 109. P. incarnatus, F. n. 10, Bethlehem. 429. 110. P. purpureus, F. n.11, Syn. Car. 942, lilacinus, var. longe lateque in fabrefactis Bethl. *430. 111. P.rhodellus, F.n. 12, nitidissimus, Bethl. +431. 112. P. unitus, Elench. F. p. 116, Bethl. Nomine P. crocato, L. y. S., descriptus. *432. 113. P. vitellinus, Elench. F. 117, Syn. Car. 939, etiam Bethlehem, in putridissimis lignis. *433. 114. P. bombycinus, Elench. F. pag. 117, n. 86, olim nobis subs¢erilis, Bethlehem. *434. 115. P. sinuosus, F. 381, n. 18, versipellis, Pers. 115, rarius Bethlehem. *435. 116. P. xanrnotoma, L. v. S., rarior occurrit Salem ad ligna putrida. P. effiguratim effusus, tenuissimus, margine membranaceo fimbriato, latiusculo, sterili, eleganter luteo. Poris superficialibus, parietibus crassiusculis, subsinuosis, minutis, pallidis. Plagas 1—2 unciales irregulares efformat, ligni inaequabilitatem forma sequens. *436, 117. P. Raonopennat, L. vy. S., rarior in dejectis Rhododend. maximi truncis, Bethl. P. longitudinaliter effusus, angustatus. Primum observatur membrana papyracea, detractabilis, albes- cens aut pallescens, in cujus centro port pauci parum eleyati, lati, occurrunt. Demum poris his, tota superficie obsita est, membrana, tantum non in ambitu ubi sublibera et subinflexa. Poris tandem in tubos angulatos, margine fimbriatos, 2-3 lineas altos, ex pallide fuscescentes, elevatis. Totus fun- gus 1—3 uncias longus, } unc. latus, affinis P. contiguo. "437. 118. P. Sassarras, L. v. S., passim in lignis carie fere consumptis Sassafras, Bethl. P. substantia molliuscula, bibula; subiculo vix in margine conspicuo; tubis in centro satis elongatis, crassiusculis. Poris minutis, regulariter rotundis. Longitudinaliter in ligno ac cortice effusus (colore pallide lutescente) ad 1—2 uncias. 438. 119. P. surerrictats, L. v.S., Syn. Car. 924, Elench. F. pag. 115,3. Friesius amicissimus vix conjunxisset cum P. viticola, si vivum vidisset. Et. Pennsyly. 459. 120. P. n1cnorunrunevs, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 925, non rarus et. in Pennsyly. nec cum P. nigro purpurascenti nost. Numero 41, nec ad n. 40. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 159 *440. 121. P. crxgnevs, L. v. S., passim Bethlehem.ad ramos emollitos Liriod. et Jug, P. longissime effusus, angustatus, albo-marginatus et effiguratus, margine tenui subfimbriato nec tamen . byssino. Tubis obliquis brevioribus, poris angustis, subflexuosis. Longitudine 4—6 unciali, }—1 unciali latitudine. Totus unicolor, eleganter cinereus. “441. 122. P. Canryaz, L. v. S., in jacente trunco Caryae albae Nazareth, longissime effusus poly- morphus. P. junior tuberculoso-eleyatus, interruptus, substantia spongiosa-tomentosa, margine sterili saepe -tumido. Demum late effusus, magis aequabilis et subindurescens, margine tunc tenuissimo, sub- membranaceo, candido, praeditus. Tubis brevibus, parictibus crassiusculis, poris minoribus subro- tundis et subflexuosis ; interdum regulariter effusis, interdum pulvinatim in tuberculos eleyatis. Ex fuliginis cinerascit. Ad pedalem longitudinem sub trunco effusus. "442. 123. P. parynaceus, L. v.S., Syn. Car. 931, et. Pennsyly. nom. ob/usissima. *443. 124. P. fuscocarneus, Pers. Myc. Eur. 130, Bethlehem rar. et nomine P. fimbriatus quibusdem communicatus. & Poris candidis. 444. 125. P. medulla panis, F, 380; n. 13, 2, Syn. Car. 928, et. Bethlehem frequens. *445. 126. P. tuberculosus, F. n. 14, Salem et Bethlehem. 446. 127. P. vitreus, F.n. 15, Syn. Car. 929, et. Bethlehem. "447, 128. P. vulgaris, F. n. 16, vulgatissimus Bethlehem. *448, “129. P. calceus, F. n. 16, 8, noster certe speciem meruit, in trunco dejecto horti Bartram. "449, 130. P. callosus, F. n. 17, rarior Bethlehem. 450. 131. P. vaporarius, F. 19, Syn. Car. 934, et Bethl. "451, 132. P. colliculosus, Pers. Myc. 140, rarius Bethl. *452. 133. P. obducens, Pers. Myc. 142, maximus Bethl. Pedaliter effusus ; juniore aetate membranam lutescentem splendentem sistit ; demum crassus. *453. 134. P. dentiporus, Pers, Myc. 143, in ligno et cortice Bethl. elegantulus et distinctus. *454, 135. P. versiporus, Pers. Myc. 145, huc pertinere saltem videtur fungus noster membranaceus et perdistinctus. *455. 1586. P. terrestris, F. p. 383, n. 25, passim in adustis truncis, Bethlehem occurrit. *456. 137. P. renuts, L. v. S., ad fibrosam internam corticem Castaneorum Bethl. P. longe longitudinaliter effusus, membranam sistens tenuem subdetrahendam albo-pallentem aequa- bilem margine substerili albidiori. Poris majusculis subflexuosis, parum excayatis pallidis. 457. 138. P. mucidus, F. 382, n. 21, Syn. Car. 932, et. Bethl. *458. 139. P. Radula, F. n. 22, Salem et Bethl. *459. 140. P. micans, F. n. 23, Bethlehem rarior obyius. *460. 141. P. Vaillantii, F. n. 26, Bethl. in cryptis. 461. 142. P. sanguinolentus, F. n. 24, Salem solummodo. 462. 143. P. molluscus, F. n. 27, Syn. Car. 938, et. Bethl. saepe sulphurascente colore. "463. 144. P. farinellus, F. n. 28, in cortice pineo prope Kaign’s Point, Philadelphia. *464. 145. P. aneirinus, Elench. Frie. p. 122, Bethlehem. "465. 146. P. aylostromeus, Pers. Myc. 159, Bethlehem, rarus sed bene distinctus. “466. 147. P. laneus, Pers. Myc. 160, etiam bona species in montibus Lehigh inventa. . *467. 148. P. necororans, L. v. S., rarior Bethlehem in cortice dejecto. P. minutus, 3—4 lin. diametro, sed longe lateque confluens, non effusus, sed quasi totaliter affixus, margine inflexo libero, membranaceo. Primum mollusculus, albus, decolorans ac sordide brunneus devenit. Poris magnis subflexuosis, e forma orbiculari in flexuosam confluit. Tenerrimus. *468. 149. P. cannrpissrus, L. v. S., rarior ad ligna putrida, Bethlehem. P. effusus; membrana tenuissima, bombycina, sed tamen detrahenda. Porismaximis demum obliquis, cum membrana candidissimis. Ad Polystictas pertinere videtur, sed membrana detractabilis obstat. *469. 150. P. inrernus, L. y. S., Bethlehem passim interiori parte truncorum obvius. P. longitudinaliter penetrans in cavitatibus trunci putridi varie flexuosus ad 3—4 uncias, primo mol- lusculus, crassus margine demum inflexo. Tubis saepe obliquis longiortbus. Poris flexuosis minutis. Color totus albus, nisi statu sicco subpallescit. 160 SYNOPSIS OF Trib. 6. Pouystiera. ay *470. 151. P. corticola, F. p.$85,n.1. Bethlehem rar. 471. 152. P. reticulatus, F. n. 3, Syn. Car. 941, et. Bethl. 472. 153. P.xiracinus, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 942, solum in Salem. Genus 8. PororuEetreum. *473. 1. P. subtile, F. p. 506, Suppl. Salem, Syn. Car. 040, et etiam Bethlehem in cortice. *474. 2. P. fimbriatum, Ibid. n. 2. Species nitidissima, solummodo Bethl. 475. 3. P. reztzorpss, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 943, nondum in Pennsylyania obyium. Genus 9. DAEDALEA. 1. Stipatatae. *476. 1. D. biennis (Sistotrema, Boletus distortus, Syn. Car. 903), et rarus Pennsyly. F. p. 332. 2. Dimidiatae. : a Agaricini. "477. 2. D- quercina, F. 333, 4, Bethl. rara 846. 478. 3. D. betulina, F. p.333, Syn. Car. 822, vulgatiss., et. Penna Ag. coriaceus. 333 479. 4. D. sepiaria, F. 333, et Syn. Car. 823. Agaricus passim et. Pennsyly. Jefferson County. 480. 5. D. abietina, F. 334, Syn. Car. 820, et. Bethl. 481. 6. D. trabea, F. 335, Syn. Car. 824, vulgaris ad ligna fabrefacta. 482. 7. D. confragosa, F. 336, n. 14, e Georgia accepi. *483. 8. D. Pini, F. n. 15, Mauch Chunk, optima, 484. 9. D. unicolor, F. 17, Syn. Car. 948. Sistotrema cinereum, freq. etiam Bethl. *485. 10. D. variegata, F. 18, rara sed nitida, Bethl. & Polyporoideae. 486. 11. D. gibbosa, F. 21, Syn. Car. 847, et. Bethl. rara. *487. 12. D. albida, F. 22, Bethlehem, non albida, Syn. Car. *488. 153. D. discolor, Elench. F. p. 68, n. 156, Syn. Car. 851, D. albida, et. Bethlehem. 489. 14. D. rubescens, F. 25, passim Syn. Car, 850, etiam Bethlehem. 490. 15. D. angustata, F. 23, Syn. Car. 849, nondum Pennsylv. *491. 16. D. aurea, F. 24, var. 8, ferruginea, Mauch Chunk. 492. 17. D. zonara, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 852, etiam Pennsylvania, praesertim in truncis stantibus. 493. 18. D - SUBTOMENTOSA, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 853, Elench. F. p. 70, solummodo Carolina. *494. 19. D. Mervutorpes, L. v. S., abnormis, substantia subcarnosa, terrestris, Salem. D. sessilis, apus, dimidiata. Pileo pulvinato, subcarnoso postice substipitatim porrecto, margine sub- undulato, et quasi circum pseudostipitem auriculato, ibique albo-subtomentoso, ceterum glabro, oliyaceo-cervino. Hymenio poris irregularibus, latis, merulioideis, lutescenti viridibus, subangulatis, primum molliusculis. Diametro 1—2 unciali. Genus 10. Meroutius. a Apus. 495. 1. M. tremellosus, F. p. 327, 1, Syn. Car..838. *496. 2. M. srricoso-zonarus, L. y. S., ex Nova Anglia communicavit D. Torrey. M, pileo carnoso-tremelloso, substantia prioris, sed magis compacto-indurescente ; junior fungus resupinatus, sed plerumque in pileos plures subimbricatos, undulato-repandos, superne strigoso- zonatos porrectus, spadiceo-ferrugineos : fasciis nigris glabriusculis; margine plicato. Hymenio NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 161 plicis rugosis ‘undulatis, subradiantibus, centro subporioideis, purpurascenti-fuligineis. | Magni- tudine prioris. & Resupinatus. 497. S. M. rufus, F. 327, n. 2, Syn. Car. 845, et. Bethl. 498. 4. M. serpens, F. n. 3,Syn. Car. 844, freq. et. Bethl. *499, 5. M. crispatus, F. n. 4, Salem et Bethlehem. *500. 6. M. pattens, L. v. S., ad ramos dejectos inmontibus. Bethlehem. M. resupinato-effusus, tamen undique in pileos porrectus, longitudinaliter confluens, longe lateque Pileis albidis, strigoso-tomentosis, subimbricatis, inflexis. Hymenio ex albido fuligineo, subpurpu- rascente et demum expallente. Pileis valde obliteratis, statu sicco. Ad 6 uncias effusus in ramulos M. crispato satis affinis, An ad priorem sectionem. "501. 7. M. fugaz, F.n. 5, Bethl. Candidus elegans. 502. 8. M. lacrymans, F. n. 6, Syn. Car. 841, destruens, frequens in cellis, et. Bethlehem. 503. 9. M. pRassIcaEFOLIvs, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 842, Elench. F. p. 60, in cellis, Salem. An Himantia domestica huc. 504. 10. M. vastator, F.n. 7, Syn. Car. 843. Salem et Bethl. *505. 11. M. molluscus, F. n. 8, Salem et Bethl. *506. 12. M. himantioides, F. n. 9, Bethlehem, ligna putr. othe 13. M. Porinoides, F. 2. 10, rarius Salem in interiori Mali corrupti cavitate. Svsnorpo III. HYDNEI. Genus1l. Fistrurrna. 508. 1. F. hepatica, F. p. 396, n. 1, Syn. Car. 944. Vulgaris etiam per totam Pennsylvyaniam saepe maxim. 509. 2. F, rapicara, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 945, Elench. F. p. 128. Nondum Pennsyly. reperta. Genus 12. Hypnoum. 1. Mesopus. { Carnosa. 510. 1. H. imbricatum, F. p. 399, n. 1, Syn. Car. 965, et. Pennsyly. 511. 2. H. subsquamosum, F. n. 2, Syn. Car. 966, freq. et Bethl. #512. 3. H. laevigatum, F. n. 3, Bethlehem rarior. 513. 4. H. repandum, F. n. 6, Syn. Car. 967, freq. Pennsylv. 514. 5. H. rufescens, F. n. 7, Syn. Car. 968, et. Pennsylv. freq. *515. 6. H. infundibulum, F.n. 9, Bethlehem rarius. *516. 7. H. fusipes, Pers. Myc., Bethlehem rarius, bene distinctum. 517. 8. H. canum,L. v. S., Syn. Car. 974, an a priori differt, et. Pennsylvania. *518. 9. H. pexicatum, L. vy. S., rarissime ad terram in Rhododendretis. Bethl. H. minus, vix unciamaltitudine excedens, Pileo carnoso, lento, infundibuliforme, limbo subregulariter late repando, cinereo gilvo. Stipite centrali, in basin attenuato, subsolido, 1 lin. crasso, cinerascente. Hymenio subulis rectis, cinereis, breviusculis, manifestius asciferis. Substantia exsucca. +7 Suberosa. 519. 10. H. compactum, F. n. 12, Syn. Car. 970, non in Pennsyly. ~ §20. 11. H. aurantiacum, F. 13, Syn. Car. 969, etiam Bethl. *521. 12. H. ferrugineum, F. 14, Bethlehem frequens. *522. 13. H. cinereum, F. n. 15, valde distinct. Bethl. 523. 14. H. cyathiforme, F. 18, Syn. Car. 971, concrescens, Salem. Vou. IV.—2 Q 7 Pa ~ . 162 SYNOPSIS OF : 524. 15. H. connatum, F. 19, an Syn. Car. 973, spadiceum, non infreq. Carolina longis seriebus. a 525. 16. H. tomentosum, F. 20, Syn. Car. 972, nondum obyium in Pennsylvania. *526. 17. H. conracro-mEMBRANACcEUM, L, y. S., distinctissima species, passim in terra, Bethl. H. Pileis concrescentibus, lato-repandis, subinfundibuliformibus, coriaceo-membranaceis, exacte Poly- pori versicoloris substantia in varietati ejusdem membranacei ceterum glabris, strigoso-zonatis, margine strigoso-fimbriatis, saepe laceratis, 1—2 uncialibus diametro, pallide cervinis, Subulis sparsis, subulatis, longis saepe tortis, lutescentibus. Stipitibus tenuibus, centralibus, brevibus, concrescentibus. : 2. Pleuropus. 527, 18. A. gelatinosum, Yr. p. 407,n. 3, Syn. Car. 979, etiam rarissime circum Bethl, et Philadelphia. 528. 19. H. anusrum, L.v.S,, Syn. Car. 977 et Icone, Elench. F. p. 132, etiam Pennsyly. sed multo rarius quam in Carolina. #529. 20. H. erinaceus, Fr. pag. 407 et 408, Bethlehem, et prope Jonestown, Swatara, in trunco ibique maximum. Saepius occurrit in arboribus adhuc stantibus ad 10 ped. altitudine a terra. Transitum ad seq. sectionem fecit. : 3. Merisma. 530. 21. H. coralloides, F. p. 408, Syn. Car. 994, et. Pennsyly. Pe 531. 22. H. ramosum, L.y. S., Syn. Car, 996, et. Bethl. observatum, tamena priori non multo abhorret, 532. 23. H. Caput Medusae, F. p. 409, n. 3, Syn. Car. 995, etiam Pennsylvania non infrequens. Haec species ad Hericium ex fungis Clayatis secundum Friesii Syst. Veget. 4, Apus. ! 533. 24. H. morre, L, v. S., rarum ad truncos et ramos dejectos, Bethl. H. dimidiato-rotundum, crassum, unciali diametro, substantia molli exacte ut in Polyporo molli. Pileo strigoso, pallido. Subulis irregularibus, cinereis polyporoideis. *534. 25. H. orbiculatum, F. p. 412, n. 6, rarius Bethl. *535. 26. H. cirrhatum, F. 411, n. 2, Salem et Bethl. *536. 27. H. occarium, F. 412, n. 8, Salem et Bethl. 537. 28. H. strigosum, F. p. 414, n.15, Syn. Car. 975, parasiticum. Etiam Bethlehem, nigrum. 538. 29. H. ochraceum, F. n. 16, Syn. Car. 976, et Bethl. freq. 539. 30. H. Ruors, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 978, Elench. F. p. 134, et. Pennsylvania freq. in Rhoe putrido. 540. 31. H. onivaceum, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 952. Sistotrema vulgatum, etiam Pennsylvania. 5. Resupinatum. t Aculeis aequalibus. 541. 32. H. macrodon, F. p. 415, n. 1, Syn. Car. 980, etiam Bethlehem. Interdum solummodo ex su- bulis longis conformatum. *542. 33. H. membranaceum, F.n.2. Nostra species distinctissima, membranam sistit detrahibilem; ex New York, Dr Torrey misit. : 543. 34. H. fusco-atrum, F.n.3, Syn. Car. 982, castaneum, passim in cortice et ligno Castaneorum, Bethlehem et Salem. : *544. 35. H. ferruginosum, F. p. 416,n. 6, passim Bethl. 545. 36. HH. microdon, F. p. 417, 9, Syn. Car, 981, et. Bethl. *546. 37. H. alulacewm, F. 10, rarius in cortice Vitis, Bethl. «547. 38. H. fasciculare, F. 12, rarius Salem et Bethl. 548. 39. H. mucidum, F. p. 418, n. 14, Syn. Car. 983, et. Bethlehem, saepe longissime diffusum. 549. 40. H. diaphanum, F. 15, Syn. Car. 989, et. Bethl. $50. 41. H. obtusum, F. 17, Syn. Car. 987, freq. ad truncos, et. Bethl. 551, 42. H. crustuosum, F. 18, Syn. Car. 984, et. Bethl. 552. 43. H. farinaceum, F. 19, Syn. Car. 985, et. Bethl. 553. 44. H. niveum, F. 20, Syn. Car. 988, passim et. Bethl. "554. 45. H. subcarnaceum, Fr. 13, aff. mucido, Bethl. 555. 46. H, surenurevm, L. y. S., Syn, Car. 986, Elench. F. p. 138, n. 7. “sh NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 163 +556. 47. H. vrricota, L. v. S., Elench. F. p. 138, n. 14, 8. Nobis a mucido bene distinctum videtur —etiam quodammodo ad apodes vergens ob marginem liberum strigosum et pileum membranaceo- coriaceum. ~Subulis longissimis dense stipatis cinereis. *557. 48. H. susnesurrnatom, L. v. S., longe lateque interruptim effusum in ramis, Bethl. H. interruptim effusum in plagis semipedalibus, ambitu subdeterminato, quasi constat e multis pileolis minoribus, resupinatis, interruptim connexis et fere confluentibus, submembranaceis, margine steri- libus, colore pallide lutescente. In quoque pileolo dentes subirregulares assurgunt, fasciculatim in junioribus dispositi, compressi, demum ad 2 lineas elongati, subteretes, acuti, inflexi, subpenduli, concolores. : ‘ t 558. 49. H. Hmranrra, L. y. S. (Syn. Car. 992), non rarum in putridissimis lignis, Bethl. et Salem. H. floccis filamentosis crassis Himantioideis ad uncias 6 longitudine implexis irrepentibus et arbuscu- lum effientibus, albis, tomentosis, passim in membranam aut pannum tenerrimum dilatatis. Subulis majusculis, cylindricis, adpressis, stipatis, obtusis, flexuosis, griseo cinereis pulverulentis (ex ascis’ ~ solutis) impositis. *559. 50. H. syssrvum, L. vy. S., subfrequens in ligno putridissimo, Bethl. H. membrana tenuissima, subfloccosa, pulverulenta, byssina, subevyanescens, non regulariter ambitu determinato, obsita subulis longis, distantibus, subflexuosis, e basi crasso in apicem acutissimum elongatis, cum membrana in ambitu fibrillosa ex ochraceo-badiis. *560. 51. H. ee1enyixvm, L. v. S., rarius effusum insuper folia putrida, Bethlehem. H. irregulariter effusum, tenue, byssinum aut hypochnoideum, pulyerulentum, e ferrugineo brunneum. Subulis minutis, brevioribus, concoloribus, obtusissimis, fere papillae formibus, subglobulosis ; in juniori fungo reticulatim dispositis, demum aggregatis, t{ Aculeis compressis. 561. 52. H. squalinum, Fr. p. 420, n. 21, fuscescens nobis, Syn. Car. 961, olim. Ad ligna decorticata Bethl. rarum. 562. 53. H. viride, F. p. 421—25, Syn. Car. 955, et Bethl. (Systot.) certissime Hydnum, nec, ut auc- tores habent, fungus Hyphomycetum ex ordine. *563. 54. H. azrccrinosum, L. y. S., rarum Bethlehem occurrit in putridissimis sub cortice. H. Membrana tenuissima byssina, subeffiguratim orbiculata, aeruginosa, diametro unciali. Subulis brevioribus, distantibus, crassis, e tereti compressis, colore ex ime aeruginoso in nigrum abiente. 564. 55. H. fimbriatum, F. 421, n. 27, Syn. Car. 957, freq. Bethl. 565. 56. H. spathulatum, F. Elench. p. 139, Syn. Car. 993, nec Schraderi—Salem et Bethl. (digitatum, Pers.). ” €566. 57. H. quercinum, F. 423, n. 33, Bethl. *567. 58. H. argutum, F. p. 424, n. 36, Bethl. *568. 59. H. subtile, F. 39, rarius in corticibus, Bethl. *569. 60. H. slipatum, F. 40, in cortice Vitis, Bethl. 570. 61. H. cixynapaninum, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 963, Georgia, Fries. Elench.p. 137, n. 7, b. 571. 62. H. cnocrum, L. v.S., Syn. Car. 962, Fr. Elench. p. 137, 7, b. etiam Pennsylvania inyentum. *572. 63. H. rureopatripem, L. v. S., rarius Bethlehem in cortice Vitis aestivalis. H. membrana tenuissima byssina, marginibus fimbriatis floccosis, non valde contigua, ex luteopallida, determinatim effusa. Subulis compressis, ramoso-fimbriatis, basi elongato, quasi fasciculatim con- fluentibus, aut coalitis, longiusculis, flavescenti-pallidis et subcroceis. Ad 3 unc. effusum. Genus 13. SisrorrEeMa. 573. 1. S. confluens, Fr. p. 426, Syn. Car. 946. 8. muscorum, Syn. Car. 947, ad Hyd. epiphyllum, aut tale pertinet, et eliminatur. ; » Genus 14. Invex. Sys, Vegetab. p. 81, et Elench. F. 143. 1. Apodes. “574. 1. I. paleaceus, Elench. F. p. 144, n. 2. Nobis Hydnum decolorans olim, maximus in ramis dejec- 164 SYNOPSIS OF tis Montibus; praesert. Betularum. Primo adspectu non absimilis Daedaleae cinereae. Mint nova species. *575. 2. I. fuscoviolaceus, Elench. F. n. 3, nobis Hydn. veluta, rarius Salem et. Bethl.* ¥ *576, 3. I. dactews, Elench. F. n. 4, Hydn. F. p. 412, Bethl. in truncis emortuis Araliae spinosae. *577. 4. I. sinuosus, Elench. Fr. n. 5, (H. morincola, L. v. S., olim) Bethl. in 2. Resupinati. *578. 5. I. ppreaytna, L. v. S., distinctissimus et elegans ae in stipitibus et super folia subtecta radice subefossi trunci, Bethlehem. I. subresupinatim effusus, pileis tamen subdimidiatis porrectis, longe lateque folia obtecta, ramulosque dejectos conglutinans. Unicolor, ochraceo-pallidus. Pileolis inflexis irregularibus, glabriusculis cervino-ochraceis. Subulis in hymenio majusculis, basi reticulatim conjunctis, irregulariter incisis, concoloribus. Ad 2—3 uncias, longitudine ac latitudine investit folias 579. 6, I. rurrerreraz, L. v. S., Syn. Car. Polyp. 935, et nullimodo Polysticta. Salem et Bethlehem valde frequens et longissime effusus. . *580. 7. I. ruscescens, L. y. S., rarius ad ligna Rhododendri, Bethl. I, elongato-orbiculatim confluens, resupinatus, efficiens pellem crassiusculam dense intertextam sub- floccosam, ambitu efligurato, margine sterili, ex olivaceo-cervinam. Demum dentibus crassis compressi is obtusis (juniori statu mere tuberculi sunt) passim truncatis, cervinis, undique cum subi- culo ascis prominulis fuscis obsitis. Unciali diametro. *581. 8. I. ocuracrus, L. v. S., ad corticem, Bethlehem. I. resupinatus, membranaceus, membrana ex candido-ochracea, fibrillis contexta, ambitu subefiigurato. Dentibus poriformibus, laceris, majusculis, quasi fasciculatis, et in distantioribus spathulato-canali- culatis, eleganter ochraceis. 582. 9. I. crnerascens, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 930, Polyporus. Rarrissime occurrit sed distinctissimus Carolina. 583. 10. I. Cerast, F. p. 382, 20, Syn. Car. 956, et. Bethl. 584, 11. I. spathulatus, F. Elench. 146, n. 7, Syn. Car. 959, et. Bethl. frequens, Sistotrema olim. 585. 12. I. obliquus, F. 37, Syn. Car. 960, et. Bethl. *586. 13. L. deformis, Elench. F. p. 147, F. 38, pseudo-boletus, rarius Bethl. 587. 14. I. xrvyevs, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 964, sub Sistotrema Carolina invent. "588. 15. I. carneus, Fries. Elench. 148, et F. 420, Hydn. Salem solummodo obvius. Genus 15. Rapu.ivum. *589. 1. R. orbiculare, Elench. F. 2. Hyd. radula, F., ex Nova Anglia, Torrey. *590. 2. R. mulare, F. Elench. n. 3, passim Bethlehem, nobis olim H. paradoxium. 591. 3. R. fagineum, F. p. 423, Hydn. Syn. Car. 954, Sist. et. Bethl. #592. 4. R. laetum, F.p. 445. Thel. hydnoidea, Pers. Bethlehem passim. *593. 5. R. botrytes, Elench. Fr. p. 152,n. 6, passim in cortice dejecto Bethl. Olim Hyd. sparsiaculea- tum, L. v. S. *594. 6. 1. aterrimum, Elench. F. p. 153. Sphaeronema freq. Bethl. in ramis et palis. *595. 7. R. Prxr cawanensits; L. v. S., in ramis dejectis, P. canadensis, Mauch Chunk. R. corticale, resupinatum, subinnatum, effusum, ambitu varie effiguratum, 1—2 uncias latum, inter- dum indeterminatum. Colore ex albido subcinerascente in alutaceum vergente. Papillis majus- culis fasciculatis, brevioribus, obsitum est Hymenium concolor subrugosum. Juniore aetate super- ficie rimosa. *596. 8. R.ixpwans, L. v. S., late effusum in ligno nudo carioso, Bethlehem. R. longe lateque (ad 2—4 unc.) effusum, subindeterminatum, in ambitu subbyssinum, tenuius et sub- pulverulentum, candidum ; centro autem ex luteo rubro-pallens. Corticium refert satis compactum et crassum, superficie rugulosa, rivulosa, tuberculis subsubuliformibus, difformibus, confluentibus, cragsis, breviusculis, apice candicantibus, ceterum concoloribus. Colore ac indole differt a R, laeto cui tamen affine. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 165 9597. 9. R.? axvesrrens, L. y. S., abnorme: frequenter inyestit tomento aut pelle subbyssino (ad instar -_-'T.. byssinae, &c.) stipites emortuos adhuc stantes Diervillae Tournefortii, Bethl. R. longe lateque stipites arcte investiens, pelle subtomentosa ochraceo-pallida. Passim autem pro- cessus sparsi subuliformes, 2—6 lineares, teretes, tenues, subarcuati, indoles pelliculae sese osten- » dunt. Vix hujus loci. Suzorpvo IV. AURICULARINI. ‘ Genus 16. Puupsra. 598. 1. P. mesenterica, Pers. Syn. 571, Elench. F. p. 154, Syn. Car. 1018. Bethlehem in trunco fraxineo. *599. 2. P. merismoides, F. 427, n. 1, pulcherima, Bethlehem. Nostra fere sanguinea. *600. S. P. radiata, F. n. 2, passim Bethlehem. "601. 4. P. vaga, F.n. 4, distinctam speciem amicissimus Torrey ex New York communicavit. *602. 5. P. crnnanantna, L. v. S, citata Syst. Veg. F. p. 83, ad truncos Carolinae et Pennsylvania omnino non ad radiatam ut habet Fries. Elench. p. 155. "608. 6. P. coccrnrorutva, L. v. S., in trunco carioso Juglandis tomentosae, Nazareth. P. in cayitatibus interioribus trunci cariosissimi valde irregulariter et inaequabiliter insinuato-effusa, penetrans ipsum lignum subiculo suo et quasi absorbens. Ambitu valde ‘irregulari, strigoso-peni- cilloso, et substantia ipsa fibrilloso-spongiosa, colore elegantissimo fulvo-croceo. Versus centrum subiculum quasi in membranam thelephoroideam explanatur, pulcherrime coccineam, primum tuber- culosam ; demum processus elongatos, lobulosos, rugiformes, non valde elevatos, coccineos, sed ptuina albicanti adspersos, molliusculos ostendit. *604. 7. P.uxpnorpea, L. v. S., longe lateque in trunco putrido ingenti effusa in montosis Bethl. P. effusa in corruptissimis interioribus partibus, irregulariter tuberculosa ; subiculo crasso, substantia fibrillosa, subpulverulenta, demum subsuberosa. Colore fulvo-rufo gaudet. Undique tecta process- ubus hydnoideis, brevioribus, quasi ex elongatis papillis ortis subdiaphanis, concoloribus, apice demum fimbriato-fibrillosis. Ulnarem longitudinem ac latitudinem occupat. Genus 17. THELEPHORA. Trib. 1. Mesorvs. 605. 1. T. canrmanetra, L. y.S., Syn. Car. 1000, Elench. F. p. 164, nondum in Pennsylvania. *606. 2. T. pannosa, F. p. 430, n. 2, Salem et Bethl. 607. 3. T. neeuranis, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 999, Elench. F. p. 165, nondum in Pennsylvania. 608. 4. T. caryophyllea, F. 430, n. 5, Syn. Car. 998, et. Bethl. *609. 5. T. wuxrreantira, L. y. S., Elench. F. p. 166, passim in Carolina ; frequentior Bethlehem in insula fluminis Lehigh. *610. 6. T. yratts, L. y. S., rarius ad vias Carolina, Frequens Bethlehem in insula jam dicta et melius evoluta. WValde polymorpha. T. coriacea, junior fragilior demum indurescens. Pileis polymorphis, imbricatis et dimidiatis aeque ac regularibus, pluribus confluentibus aut concrescentibus etiam omnino singulis, laciniato-multifidis, 1—2 uncialibus et multo minoribus, cupulatis saepe, superne adglutinato-fibrilloso-plicatis, luteo- fuligineis. Stipitibus singulis aut concrescentibus, crassis ac tenuibus, saepe omnino carentibus, saepe longiusculis, indurescentibus. Hymenio plicato yenoso, e luteo-pallido fuligineo, ascis promi- nulis et inde demum subfloccoso. Trib. 2. Mertsma. *611. 7. T. corallotdes, F. 432, n. 1, Bethlehem in insula. 612. 8. T. palmata, F. 432, n. 2, (M. foetidum) Syn. Car. 1066, cum suis varietatibus vulgaris, et. Bethlehem. Vou. IV.—2 R 166 SYNOPSIS OF *613. 9. T. tuberosa, Elench. F. p. 167, 2b, Greville Tab. 178, ad terram, Salem et Bethlehem. 614. 10. T. flabellaris, F. n. 3, Salem et Bethlehem; Syn. Car. 1065. *615. 11. T. stabularis, F. 435, n. 7, Syn. Car. non sed Salem. *616. 12. T. rrmpriata, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1067, Salem et Bethl. 617. 13. T. cannrpa, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1069, Elench. F. p. 168, et. Bethlehem frequens. 618. 14, T. Craponta, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 1068, Elench. F. p. 168, etiam Pennsylvania. *619. 15. T. raxnipa, L. y. S., frequentissime occurrit ad terram densis sylvis Bethlehem, Maxima. Caespites efformat saepe 6 unciales longitudine, 3—4 altitudine. T. erecta, basi quasi tuberosa solida connata, stipitiformi, ramis multis acutis divisis, trunco cum pileis multipartito, compresso-sulcato. Colore statu yegeto, omnino pallido, sed hymenio externi in stipitem versus, demum rufescit. Anad T. Kittlingeri. F. p. 454. *620. 16. T. carsprrunans, L. y. S., freq. locis consuetis Bethlehem ; ex vicinitate T. palmatae sed habitu omnino diversa. T. caespites formans altitudine et longitudine sancti Basin versus in corpus solidum concrescunt rami ad dimidiam partem, tum assurgunt stricti divisi, invicem arcte adpressi, compressi, imo subcanali- culati, obtusi plerumque in apicibus, et ibi albicantes. Colore e bruneo fuligineo. 621. 17. T. cristata, F. p. 434, Syn. Car. 1062, etiam Pennsylvania obvia. 622. 18. T. penicillata, F. n. 6, Syn. Car. 1063, Suscescens, Salem et Pennsylvania non infrequens. 623. 19. T. sernava, Pers. Myc. et Synops. Salem passim. Huc videturpertinere. Species nostra cum nulla alia confundenda, : Trib. 3, Aprus. Subtrib. 1. Phylacteria. 624. 20. T. terrestris, F, 431, n. 1, Syn. Car. 1001, vulgata in pinetis Carol., rara Bethlehem. 625. 21. T. laciniata, F. n. 2, Syn. Car. 1002, et. Bethl. *626. 22. T. frondescens, F. p. 436, ravissima Beth]. quam Syn. Car. intybaceam yocavimus. *627. 23. T. biennis, F. 449, Elench. p. 171, Bethlehem in montosis. 628. 24. T. fuscocinerea, Pers. Myc. p. 114, quam habemus ut speciem propriam et bonam exhibemus, Bethl. Pay *629. 25. T. gausapata, Elench. F. p. 171, optime quadrans passim, Salem ac Bethlehem. ‘ (ey *630. 26. T. arnipo-nrunnyza, L. vy. S., in cortice putrido truncorum propius terrae, Bethl. - ; T.longe lateque confluens ; irregulariter subimbricata, saepissime resupinata, rarius in pileos porrecta substipitatos. _Superne ime brunnea, subtomentosa, quasi pileis undulatim confusis, subcrispis spongioso-suberosis. Hymenio inaequabili, laeviusculo, candido. Ad plures uncias effusa. Ubi pilei distincti, diametro vix excedunt semiunciam. *631. 27. T. xuvosa, L. vy. S., rarius ad terram in yiis sylvaticis Carolina. T. minor, pileis dense imbricatis, postice in stipites subhorizontaliter attenuatis, undulato-plicatis, semiuncialibus, superne quasi subtomentosis pulverulentis. Hymenio sublaeyi et papilloso, subye- lutino ex ascis, cum toto fungo lutose lutescente. Marginibus limbi sulobati demum inflexis. Fungus, primum subcarnosus, demum indurescit. 632. 28. T. bicolor, F. p. 438, Salem, Syn. Car. 1005, ob hymenii indolem huc omnino pertinet, sed albido-brunineae nostrae satis affinis. Subtrib. 2. Stereum. 33. 29. T. rubiginesa, F. p. 436, n, 2, Syn. Car. 1004, freq. Bethl. 634. 30. TF. tubacina, F. n. 3, Syn. Car. ferruginea, 1008, frequens etiam Pennsylvania. *635. 31. T. crocata, Elench, F.p.173. Bethlehem passim, nobis olim T. subpileata. *636. 32. T-. leprosa, Elench. F. Bethlehem eximia. 637. 33. T. uwnnicarura, L. y. S., ex New York misit Torrey et rarissime Beth. inveni. T. resupinato-effusa, interdum in aie crebros imbricatos porrecta, extus luteo-ferrugineos, strigoso- floccosos, undulatos, membranaceo-coriaceos, non zonatos, subcrispos. Hymenio fusco-umbrino subrutilante, rugosoplicato nec vere tuberculoso, saepe rimoso, ascis prominulis, subulatis, brevibus, creberrimis, umbrino-fuscis. Ubi omnino resupinata, effiguratim marginata est, ambitu strigoso- floccoso. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 167 . ’ Subtrib. 3. duricularia. 7. Coriaceae. "638. 34. T. atrata, F. n. 5, p. 487, rara species Bethlehem. 639. 35. T. versicoloris, var. rascrara, L. y. S., Elench. F. p. 175, Syn. Carol., 1011, vulgata et saepe maxima, etiam Pennsyly. 640. 36. T. spadicea, F. p. 438, n. 9, Syn. Car. 1006, etiam Bethl. 641. 37. T. rugosa, F. 439, F. Elench. 177, Syn. Car. 1009, etiam Bethl. 642. 38. T. srrracirnva, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 1010, Elench. F. p. 177, Salem. 643. 39. T. hirsuta, F. 13, Syn. Car. 1014, rarius Bethlehem, 4 ramealis, F. Elench. p. 178s. varic- tas valde insignis et Pennsylvania vulgata, ubi rarissime inveni T. hirsutam, Syn. Car. 1015. "644. 40. T. ochroleuca, F. p. 440, n. 14, Salem et Bethl. rara. *645. 41. T. purpurea, F. n. 15, passim Salem et Bethl. 646. 42. T. sanguinolenta, F. n. 16, Syn. Car. 1013, nondum Bethl. 647. 43. T. striata, F. Elench. p. 179, Syn. Car. 1016, sericea, L. vy. S., etiam freq. Bethlehem. 648. 44. T. entsea, L. vy. S Syn. Car. 1012, Elench. F. p. 179, n. 19, rara species Carolinae. "649, 45. T. ocnraczo-rraya, L. y. S., Bethlehem in ramis. Etiam ex Florida, Leconte. T. subresupinatim effusa et elongato-confluens in ramis tenuioribus, pileis uncialibus porrectis mem- branaceo-coriaceis, inflexis, candidis, strigosissimis, subfasciatis. Hymenio flavo expallente, lae- viusculo, tuberculis tantum evanidis. An 2—3 uncias confluit, saepe dorso affixo singuli pilei orbi- cuJatim protunduntur. 650. 46. T. supzonara, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1017, ochraceae, Bethl. Elench. F. p. 181, non ochracea - Fries. "651. 47. T. crnenascens, L. v. S. rarius Bethlehem in truncis semivivis Mori albae. T. pileata ac resupinato-effusa. In perfectioribus, pileis dimidiatis confluentibus, strigoso-zonatis, unicoloribus, cinereo-albidis uncialibus, limbo tenuiori minus strigoso. Hymenio e cinereo sub- fuliginoso-purpurascenti, siccitate praesertim, ubi resupinatim effusum est, rimoso. Ascis cinereis, prominulis, pellucidis. Coriacea substantia. Hymenio demum expallescente, pseudo-tuberculoso. Plagas bi- vel tri-unciales occupans. ‘4 tt Ceraceae. *652. 48. T. evolvens, F. 441, n. 1, rarior Bethl. ol. propullans, L. v. S. *653. 49. T. amorpha, F. Elench. p. 183, Pers. Syn. Peziza, olim nobis Phyllacterium pezizoideum. Rarissime inyenta, sed distinctissima. Hope, Jersey, in cortice Fraxini. 654. 50. T. salicina, F. 440, n. 2, freq. in Salicibus Americanis, praesertim S. /ucida, Bethl. et Salem. Est cruenta Synopseos Carol. 1029. 655. 51. T. quercina, F. 3, Syn. Car. 1020, et. Bethlehem frequens. 656. 52. T. Pini, F. p. 443, Salem et Bethl. montosis. . 657. 53. T. abietina, F.n. 5, Syn. Car. 1021, et. Bethlehem freq. etiam in Castaneis. *658. 54. T. rufa, Elench. F. p. 187, n. 29, (disrupta, L. y.S.) in cortice Bethlehem. _*659. 55. T. chailletii, Elench. F. 188, n. 33, Bethlehem Castaneis, olim Stereum /ilacinum, L. y. S. "660. 56. T. avellana, F. 442, Bethlehem obvia, bona species. 661. 57. T. arponapra, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 1045, Elench. F. p. 189. Solummodo Salem inventa. *662. 58. T. disciformis, F. 443,7, Salem et Bethl. ramis. 663. 59. T. canvrpissima, L. y. S., Syn, Car. 1061, et. Bethlehem, Elench. F. 189, n. 37. Distinc- tissima species. Subtrib. 4. Stratosae. 664. 60. T. frustulata, F. n. 14, Syn. Car. 1030, valde freq. lignis praesertim querneis durissimis. "665. 61. T. rattescens, L. y. S., longe lateque effusa, praesertim sub truncis adustis Bethlehem. T. omnino resupinata, crassa, dura, superficie maxime rugosa, papilloso-granulosa, rimosa, subsicca, ex albido pallescens. Ut priore perennis. "666. 62, T. 1xsinvans, L. vy. S., in cavitate truncorum longe lateque insinuata, Bethl. T. lignosa, crassa, pallida, vix separabilis, resupinatim serpens in cayitatibus internis, superficie inae- 168 SYNOPSIS OF quali. Hymenio rugoso, nec tamen tuberculoso, subyelutino. Intus subtusque fuscescit. Omnino stratosa. *667. 63. T. areolata, F. Elench. p. 190, n. 32, olim a me T. fallax vocata. » Trib. 4. Resvprnatvs. Subtrib. 1. Coniophora. 668. 64. T. Hetyrxiomwes, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 1041; Elench. F. p. 193, rarissima et valde abnormis, etiam Bethl. 669. 65. T. sronerosa, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 1051, et. Bethl. Elench. F. p. 195, n. 2. *670. 66. T. puteana,F. Elench. p. 194, in cellis Bethlehem in lignis fabrefactis. 671. 67. T. reticulata, F. Elench. p. 196, marginata L. y. S., Salem et Bethl. 672. 68. T. byssoides, F. p. 452, n. 8, Syn. Car. 1042, et. Bethlehem. 673. 69. T. olivacea, F. Elench. p. 197, n. 10, Syn. Car. 1050, 4 botryoides, freq. etiam Pennsylv. 674. 70. T. ststorrEemornes, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 1053, species magna et. Bethl. non infrequens. 675. 71. T. ferruginea, F. Elench. p. 198, n. 12, Syn. Car. 1043, frequens etiam in Pennsylvania. *676. 72. T. punicea, F. Elench. p. 199, n. 13, in trunco putrido, Bethlehem. "677. 73. T. nupnopattgEns, L. vy. S., longe lateque effusa in corticibus et lignis Bethlehem. T. effusa, indeterminatim effigurata, ambitu marginibus latissimis albis ; versus centrum subroseo- incarnata, crebre sporidifera aut pulverulenta. Pelliculam efficit ex arcte intertextis filis. Ulnarem longitudinem explet. *678. 74. T. umbrina, Elench. F. p. 199, non Persoonii, Bethlehem non freq. ad cortices. 679. 75. T.coccrnza, Syn. Car. 1032, (Swartz sanguinea) omnium pulcherrima, ad truncos solummodo Citrorum Georgia, Florida, etiam Sneaann: Specimina floridana pedalia debeo Leconte, "680. 76. T. rimacina, L. y. S., incortice Pruni virg. ramorum, Bethl. T. pellicula tenera, orbiculatim aut effiguratim effusa, latius confluens; ambitu albescente byssino- fibrilloso, in centro efficiens pelliculam aut pannum tenerrimum lilacinum, sed decolorans aetate, pulvere obsitum. Diametro 6 linearum. Subtrib. 2. Himantia. ugh *681. 77. T. cinnamomea, F. Elench. p. 201, 2 b. nobis olim Stereum griseofuligineum. a 682. 78. T. pepicetuaTa, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1046, Elench. F. p. 200, in Carolina freq. ad vivos ramos. _ Icon in Syn. Car. T. 2, f. 3. 683. 79. T. domestica, F. 481, Bethlehem, Himant. Syn. Car. 1363, in cellis. *684, 80. T. fusca, F. 451, n, 5, huc T. vinosa olim nost. in Mali cortice. *685. 81. T. strigosa, F. Pers. p. 83, n. 1, Bethlehem longe lateque in truncis jacentibus adustis. *686. 82. T. violascens, F. 451, n. 4, in ramis Bethl. *687. 83. T. atrovirens, Elench, F. p. 202, n. 4 b. var. arnueiNoso-cazsia. Nobis frequens Bethl. ad ligna putridissima, Syn. Car. 1054. 688. 84. T. caerulea, Elench. 202, n. 4c. Syn. Car. 1028, T. Indigo, passim et. Bethl. 689. 85. T. rosea, F. p. 451, n. 5, freq. Bethl. cortice juniori, Syn. Car. 1027. 690. 86. T. sulphurea, F. 452, n. 6, Syn. Car. 1052, valde varians, etiam Bethlehem frequens e 691. 87. T. virrcona, L. vy. S.. Syn. Car. 1037, Elench. p. 205, n. 6b. rarius etiam in Vitibus Bethlehem. *692. 88. T. dactea, F. 452, n. 7, freq. (Syn. Car. 1058 et 1059, alia) nostra Bethl. Hyp. candidis. 693. 89. T. laevis, F. 451, n. 1, Syn. Car. 1026, etiam passim Bethlehem. 694. 90. T.anthochroa, Elench. F. p. 207, n. 9, Syn. Car. 1031. T. roseo-carnea, ad ligna et. Bethl. *695. 91. T. odorata, Elench. p. 207, F. Syn. p. 445, rara ad truncum, Hamburg, Berks County, alutacea mihi olim. *696. 92. T. setigera, Elench. F. p. 208, n. 12, passim Bethl. in cortice Betularum dejecto. 697. 93. T. bombycina, Elench. p. 211, n. 13, T. sera, Syn. Car. 1057, passim et. Bethlehem. *698. 94. T. papillosa, Elench. F. p. 212, n. 14, Bethlehem, olim perperam ad T. nudam. Subtrib. 3. Ceraceae. *699. 95. T. gigantea, Elench. F. p. 213, n, 1, Mauch Chunk, et. Hamburg, Berks, ad trunc. pineos. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 169 700. 96. T. incrustans, F. 448, n. 27, et sebacea 1038 et 1040, Syn. Car. etiam Pennsylvania; saepe gramina viva induit crusta var. sebacea. Huc etiam Merisma serratum, Pers. Synops. nec nostrum. 701. 97. T. calcea, F. Elench. p. 215, non Syn. Car. ad truncos pineos et ligna fabrefacta, Bethl. *702. 98. T. pubera? Elench. p. 215, n. 3, (Conioph. corticalis, L. vy. S., olim) in cortice Laricis, Bethl- *703. 99. T. mollis, F. 443, Bethlehem rarius occurrit. "704. 100. T. alnea, F. 446, n. 20, Bethl. late expansa, olim T. ochracea nostra. 705. 101. T. ochracea, F.n. 19, Syn. Car. concentrica, 1034, et. Bethlehem. 706. 102. T. concentrica, F. Elench. p. 217, Salem et Bethl. vix mera varietas prioris. 707. 103. T. granulosa, F. 446, n. 18, Syn. Car. 1036, etiam frequens Bethlehem. 708. 104. T. mucida, Elench. p. 217, n. 8, olim nobis T. aurantia, Syn. Car. 1033, non Bethlehem. 709. 105. 'T. serialis, F. 445, n. 16, olim perperam nobis T.anthochroa, Salem et. Bethl. *710. 106. T. livida, F. 447, n. 24, Bethlehem in Pyromalo. 711. 107, T. viscosa, F. p. 448, n. 25, Syn. Car. 1056, solum. Salem. "712. 108. T. confluens, F. 447, n. 23, Bethlehem bona species. "713. 109. T. comedens, F.n. 21, praesertim in Syring. Beth]. et ex Surinamo, 714. 110. T. inearnata, F. 444, Syn. Car. 1022. Fungus admodum vulgaris et multum varians. Praesertim in dejectamentis, frustulis ligni caesi, imo in laqueo putrescenti, tamen etiam in cortice. "715, 111. T. nuda, F. n. 22, freq. Bethl. praesertim in castaneis lignis et cortice castaneo. 716. 112. T. cinerea, F. 453, Syn, Car. 1055, vulgatissima, et. Bethlehem. Ree. Lis Oe ALBIDO-CARNEA, L. vy. S., passim in cortice Vitis obvia, Bethlehem. T. subceracea, arctissime adnata, longissime confluens sed valde angustata, ambitu byssino fibrilloso candido, pruina carnescente centro tecta. Siccitate rimosa. 718. 114. T. polygonia, F. p. 444, n. 11, Syn. Car. 1024, et. Bethlehem freq. 719. 115. T. Ribesia, F. p. 444, in nota. Freq. Beth. in ramis Ribis. Subtrib. 4. Lejostroma. 720. 116. T. acerina; F. 453, n. 1, Syn. Car. 1060, et. Bethl. *721. - 117. T. corrugata, Elench. F. p. 224, n. 2, ad ramos salicinos Bethlehem, olim Stereum salicinum nobis. 2. 416. °T. laiaaios Elench. F. n, 3, Bethlehem, olim nobis Stereum umbrinum et badio umbri- ¥ oe a 119. T. errspnarnia, L, y. §., Elench. F. p. 226, n. 3 b. praesertim in Lauro et Alno ligno et supra Sphaeriam stigma, olim Bes Hydnum et tum ad Sterea nostra. *724, 120. T. maculaeformis, F. 454, n. 4, Bethlehem. 725. 121. T. bufonia, F. Elench. p. 225,n. 4b. Pers. Synops, 578, Syn. Car. 1044. *726. 122. T. amphibolia, F. 454, n. 5, Bethlehem. *727. 123. .'T. epidermea, Pers. Myc. p. 84, Elench. F. p. 226 in nota, Bethlehem, Huc pertinet. 728. 124. T. circinnata, Elench. F. p. 226,n. 7. Sarcopodium, Link. p. 127. Omnino nostra (quae olim Th. herbarum nobis audit) ad Thelephorus pertinet. Orvo Il: ELVELLACEI. Susorvo I. MITRATI. Genus 18. MorcHetua. . 729. 1. M. esculenta, F. n. 1, Syn. Car. 1125, vulgaris et saepe maxima, etiam Pennsylvania. 730. 2. M. ronaminvutosa, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 1126, patula, rarior inter priorem Carolina, omnino non est M, patula, Fries. : M. affinis priori ac ejusdem indolis, Pileo tamen magis ovato quam conico, apice foramine aperto, margine subannuliformi. Basis pilei stipite adnata cum in priori. Ad tres uncias elevatur. *731. 3. M. caroliniana, Bos. F. n. 13, ex New York accepi, et in Pinetis juxta Philad. ipse inveni. Vou. [¥.—2-S 170 SYNOPSIS OF Genus 19. HertyE Lua. 732. 1. H. costars, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 1127, F. p. 19, n. 7, rara, ac solummodo Carolina inventa. 733. 2. H. infula, F. n. 5, Syn. Car. 1128, vere in Carolina. *734. 3. H. lacunosa saved F. 15, passim Salem et Bethl. *735. 4. H. sulcata, F. 3, Salem rara. 736. 5. H. esculenta, F. 4, Clariss. Torrey mihi ex New York communicavit. Genus 20. Wate *737. 1. V. carorrnrana, L. vy. S., Syn. Car., perperam Leotia marcida, n. 4123. “Rara Carolina in de- clivitatibus. __ ¥. stipite longo, biunciali, flexuosim torts, apicem versus incrassato, cavo, subcarnoso , Tugoso-plicato. Pileo dilatato, subagaricoideo, rugoso-tuberculoso, margine arcte in stipitem inflexo, ex pallido um- ; brino. Subtus et in stipite color pallidior. 4 738. 739. 740. *741. 742. Genus 21. Lerorta. 1. L. cireinnans, F. p. 27, n. 3, Syn. Car. 1120, Salem. 2. L. lubrica, F. n. 7, Syn. Car. 1122, etiam Bethl. ; 3. L. cutonocermata, L. vy. S., F. 8, Syn. Car. 1124, solummodo in Carolina obyia. 4, a . L. viscosa, F. 9, Salem et Bethl., non rara. . L. infundibuliformis, F. p. 26, n. 1, ex New York mihi communicata. Sunorvo II. CUPULATI. ; = e ot Genus 22. Rurzina. owe 1. R. undulata, F. p. 33, n.1, solummodo mihi obyia sed elegans i in sylvis istis yastissimis Abieti- nis, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, Octob. *744. 745. 746. 747. 748. 749. 750. *751. Genus 23. Prziza. Series 1. Aleuria. Trib. 1, HrryELnoreae. T Acetabula. 1. P. sulcata, F. p. 44, ad latera truncorum Nazareth. 2. P. cinnamomeo-.Lurescens, L. y.S., Syn. Car. 1165, F. p. 45, nondum in Pennsyly. obvia. 3. P. Mrrrvua, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 1184, F. 45, rara, sed etiam Bethlehem. ° tt Cochleatae. 4. P. currrata, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 1170, F. p. 46, n. 9, nondum Pennsylvania. 5. P. venosa, F. 46, n. 10, Syn. Car. 1169, et. Bethl. 6. P. badia, F. n. 11, Syn. Car. 1168, ex New Jersey, etiam habeo. 7. P. onotica, F. n. 15, Syn. Car. 1163, rarissima. 8. P. onrecra, L.v. S., Salem rara inter folia putrescentia, et. Bethl. P. minor, 4 uncialis, vix stipitata, sed ime concaya et uno latere aperta aut subdimidiata, cinnamomea extus farinosa, basi albo-tomentosula aut albo-pruinosa. Gregatim ac sparsim foliis fere obtecta. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 171 752. 9. P. aurantia, F. n. 16. Bethlehem frequens, Syn. Car. 1164. 753. 10. P. cochleata, F. 19, umbrina, Syn. Car. 1166, etiam passim Bethlehem. ed ttt Pustullatae. 754. 11. P. vesiculosa, F. 23, Syn. Car. alutacea, 1167, etiam Pennsylvania in stercoratis. 755, 12. P. coxernescens, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 1178, haec species distinctissima quibusdam annis fre- quens locis raris Bethlehem, vy. ¢. in sylva Jones. *756. 13. P. micropus, F. 27, passim Bethlehem, Syn. Car. 1173. 757.. 14. P. pustullata, F. 29, Bethl. et ex New York, Torrey, Syn. Car. 1179. "758. 15. P. bufonia, F. n. 26, magna Bethlehem in sylva riparum Lehigh. 759. 16. P. mrecutants, L, y. S-, omnino foliis obtecta, ramulis dejectis udis, increscit Bethlehem copiose locis suis. P. epixyla, subsessilis aut basi stipiteformi praedita, ramos putridos penetrante, proveniens fasciculatim cupulis magnis semiuncialibus et ultra, ampliatis repandis et irregulariter lacerato-fissis. Hymenio umbrino glabro. Extus rugulosa, versus basin lacunoso-yenosa, dense verruccis conicis parvis, um- brino-ferruginosis aut subpurpurascentibus submollibus obsita. Caespites efformat 2—3 unciales. Mycogone cervina saepissime obtecta, reperitur. Trib. 2. Groryxis. * Macropodes. 760. 17. P. macropus, F. 34, Syn. Car. 1177, etiam freq. Bethl. 761. 18. P. Tuba, F. 36, Syn. Car. 1174, perennis, Bethlehem mihi obvia, rarius in tuberibus. ** Cupulares. P. latinus, F. 44, Syn. Car. varia, 1172, nondum Pennsylv. P. carsonanra, F. 45, locis carbonaceis, Bethl. . P. cupularis, F, 46, Syn. Car. crenata, 1180, et. Bethlehem. P. applanata, F. 50, Bethlehem rara. P. violacea, F. 52, Syn.’Car. 1171, solummodo Carol. 14, P. granulata, F. 53, in stercore, Salem Carolinae. . P. membranacea, F. 48, Bethlehem rara p. Jones. . P. diluta, F. 49, eisdem locis Bethlehem. . P. fuliginea, F. 51, ripis Lehigh abruptis sylvaticis. Trib. 3. Humanta. 771. 28. P. rutilans, F. 62, Syn. Car. 1238, leucoloma, Salem. *772. 29. P. fulgens, F. 61, ex Deerfield, Massachusetts communicata. P. ollaris, F. 63, Salem et Bethlehem. P. araneosa, F. 67, rarissime obvia Nazareth. *775. 32. P. humosa, F. 72, in Pine Swamp Pennsyly, rara. : P. leucoloma, F. 71, Bethlehem inter muscos, P. omphalodes, F. 78, confluens, Syn. Car. 1240, nondum Pennsyly. P. rubricosa, F. 73, Syn. Car. 1241, rufa, ad terram in Carolina. Series 2. Lachnea. Trib. 1. Sancoseypuasz. ; 1. Stipitatae. "779. 36. P. coccinea, F. p. 79, n. 1, Bethlehem in sylva occidentale. *780. 37. P. tomentosa, F. n. 3, ligno dejecto adhaerens Carolina. *781, 38. P. occrpenTatis, L. v. S., ad Muskingum in Ohio ad stipites dejectos et ramulos mense Augusto. ; . P. longiuscule stipitata, stipite teneriori, cupula subinfundibuliformi, tota coccinea; extus villo brevi albidulo subtomentosa. Disco luteo coccineo. Basis stipitis tomento candido inyoluta—Interdum 172 ~ SYNOPSIS OF “aedsilis occurrit, plerumque stipite subunciali, Omnibus partibus gracilior est P. ‘coceineae. Sparsim crescit. +782. 39. P. rnoccosa, L. v. S., ad terram et ad anaes in terra defoss. Nazareth. ., P. longissime stipitata, SSR ERS crescens ; stipite subflexuoso sursum in cupulam tubaeformem. sensim dilatato. Cupula ime tubaeformis, limbo dilatato, colore externo lutescenti coccinea, cum stipite strigosissime floccosa, tomento longo recto candido, omnino obtegente cupulam, stipitemque sarcosum. Disco eleganter coccineo, nudo. Tota unciam altitudine excedit, gracilis, et pulcher-. rima est. . s + - 2. Sessiles. 783. 40. P. nigrella, F. n. 7, Syn. Car. 1186, freq. et Bethl. 784. 41. P. hemisphaerica, F. n. 11, Syn. Car. 1185, et. Bethl. 785. 42. P. brunnea, F. 12, Syn. Car. 1187 et. New York missa. 3. Ciliares. *786. 43. P. carneorufa, F. 17, varissime obyia Bethl. * 787. 44. P. . scutellata, F. 19, Syn. Car. 1195, et. Pennsylyv. freq. : 788. 45. PS ERINACEuS, L. y. S., F. 20, Syn. Car. 1194, praesertim in putridissimis J: uglandis truncis et. Bethl. "789. 46. P. setosa, F. 25, rarior Bethl. ad cariosos truncos. *790. 47. P. stercorea, F. 26, Syn. Car. 1196, in fimo praesert. yaccino, Pennsylvania et New York. 791. 48. P. thelebolvidea, F. 28, in horto stercorato solummodo Carolina, Syn Car. 1197. *792. 49. P. diversicolor, F. 29, hue referenda est Peziza lurida nobis olim nec tamen Syn. Car. 1239. 793. 50. P. papillata, F. 30, Syn. Car. 1198, et passim in fimo Pennsyly. Trib. 2. DasyscrpHas. ‘ 1. Stipitatae. 794. 51, P. ciliaris, F. 33, Syn. Car. 1209, freq. et. Bethlehem. 5 roc 795. 52. P. virginea, F. 34, Syn. Car. 1208, freq. et. Bethl,, 2 var. cirpapnits yulgatissima in glandibas ibid. re * *796. .53. P. nivea, F. 35, Bethlehem rara in ramulis. ; + ng ; 797. 54. P. patula, F. 37, Syn. Car. 1210, Bethl. et lignatilis. slid 798. 55. P. calycina, F. 38, Syn. Car. 1207, vulgaris Bethl.. "799. 56, P. ocuracera, L. vy. S., nitidissima in ligno pineo. Kaign’s Point, Philad. P. major quam virginea, eleganter ochracea ; extus villosa villis concoloribus. Stipite mediocri. Cu- pula dilatata, primum contractim subclausa. Disco vivide ochraceo. Gregibus vastis lignum non corruptum occupat. : my *800. 57. P. bicolor, F. 39, in frustro pineo ibidem. *801. 58. P. cerinea, F. 40, rarior Salem et Bethl. 802. 59. P. sericea, F. 43, Syn. Car. 1211, nondum Pennsyly. *803. 60. P. clandestina, F. 44, Salem et Bethl. *304. 61. P. calyculaeformis, F. 43, ligno putrido Bethl. *805. . 62. P. caulicola, F. 45, albo-marginata, Beth]. *806. 63. P. armeniaca, F. 46, ad caules ut prior, Bethl. 807. 64. P. fuscescens, F. 47, Syn. Car. 1212, fol. fagineis et aliis etiam Bethlehem. *808. 65. P. srierricoxa, L. y. S., in stipitibus dejectis Bethlehem. P. minuta, subsparsa, substipitata, cupulis globoso-turbinatis in stipitem crassum abientibus, primum clausis, extus farinaceo-pubescentibus, margine albescentibus, pilis ceterum ceryinis ; disco pallido. *809. 66, P. plagopus, F. 41, in ligno vetusto, Bethl. *810. 67. P. proxiricans, L, y. S., in disco caeso ramorum et truncor. Salem. P. minuta, stipite brevi crassiusculo, subfasciculata, sicca clausa et sphariaemorpha, extus aeruginoso- farinacea, pubescens. Uda, aperta, disco atroyiride, saepe prolificante, i. e. cupula in cupula crescenti. Limbo plerumque undulato, margine tumido. * *811. 68. P. spuarnincota, L. y. S., increscens Sphaeriis pulyinatis, Bethl. P, minutissima, turbinata, sparsa et gregaria, extus strigosa, brunnea, in margine albescens, stipite brevi brunneo crasso. Disco brunneo. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 178 "812. 69, P. rorro-auna, L. y. S., ad corticem, Bethl. P. minuta, stipite gracili, in cupulam latiusculam expanso, extus cum cupula luteo villoso. Disco aperto candido. *813. 70. P. runprnutara;, L. y. S., rimis corticalibus Castaneae, P. stipitata, gracilis, sparsa, turbinata, extus eleganter sulphurea, pilosa, Stipite versus basin subnudo subsulcato. Disco viride aurantio-rubro. Vix semilineari altitudine. "814. 71, P. sunmrmra, L. vy. S., epiphylla, Bethlehem. P. minutissima, substipitata, sparsa, lutea, extus minutim hirsuta cupula dilatata. 2. Sessiles. 815. 72. P. alboviolascens, F, 49, Syn. Car. 1206, et. Bethlehem. 816. 73. P. corticalis, F. 50, Syn. Car. 1202, et. freq. Beth. 817. 74. P. crnenzorusea, L. v. S., F. 52, Syn. Car. 1192, passim et. Pennsyly. “818. 75. P. hispidula, F. 58, in Sambuco, Salem et. Pennsyly. *819. 76. P. Schumacheri, F. 59, disco caerulesc. in Spiraea, Bethl. *820. 77. P. spadicea, ¥. 60, ad ligna Bethlehem. 821. 78. P. rufo-olivacea, ¥. 63, ad Rubos rara Bethl. et Salem. 822. 79. P. flavo-fuliginea, F. 64, Syn. Car. 1190, et. Bethl. *823. 80. P. variecolor, F. 65, ad stipites Salem obvia. *824. 81. P.episphaeria, F. 67, ad Sph. adustam Bethl. "825. 82. P. roseola, F. 68, passim Bethl. ad caules. : 826. 83. P. teonina, L. y. S., F. 70, Syn. Car. 1200, et. Bethlehem. 827. 64. P. runyo-caNa, L. v. S., F. 71, Syn. Car, apt, et. Pennsyly. *828. 85. P. papillaris, F. 73, Bethlehem. 829. 86. P. renicruzaTa, L. v. S., F. 74, Syn. Car. 1204, et. Bethl. 830. 87. P. hyalina, F: 75, Syn. Car. 1214, freq. et. Bethl. 831. 88. P. strigosa, F. 76, Syn. Car. 1188, in caulibus umbell. *832. 89. P. relicina, F. 78, in caulibus Pastinacae, Bethl. 833. 90. P. sulphurea, F. 80, Syn. Car. 1189, et. Bethl. ad caules, "98, . P. villosa, F. 82, freq. Bethlehem ac Salem. - a P. grised, Pers. Myc. Bethl. lignis, bona species. P. corvina, F. 56, rara Bethl. "837. 94. P. triformis, F. 69, in ligno Rhois, Bethl. *838. 95. P. virescens, F. 81, in variis caulibus, Bethl. "839. 96. P. punctiformis, F. 85, ad fol. Castaneae, Bethl. 840. 97. P. crynapanrna, L. vy. S., Syn, Car. perperam flammea, », 1193, ad Liquidambaris ligna, Salem. P. sessilis, globosa, strigoso-pulverulenta, unicolor, cinnabarina, basi latiusculo nigrescente, rarius disco aperto. Tota pulvere cinnabarino copiosim tecta. Gregarie crescit, vix 14 lineas diam. ex- cedens, i *841. 93. P. comava, L. vy. S.5 epiphylla in foliis quercinis dejectis, Bethl. P. minutissima, sessilis, candidissima, extus pilis longis densis candidis eleganter comata. Sparsa. *842. 99. P. 1ncannescens, L. v. S.,ad ligna decorticata varia, Bethl. P. sessilis, gregaria, 1—2 lin. lata, orbicularis, extus nigro-umbrina, pilosula strigosa, margine dilutiori, subclausa, sicca, madefacta, expansa. Disco eleganter incarnato. *843. 100. P. vrris, L. v. S., rimis Corticis Vitis, Bethl. P. minuta, difformiter globosa, clausa, carnea, sed villo albo extus laxius inyoluta, margine crenulato- plicato; disco pallido. Punctiformis. *844. 101. P. Fusconarnara, L. y..S., in antiquissimis caulibus Verbasci, Bethlehem. P. patellaeformis, extus duriuscula et in basi nigricans, 1—2 linearis; in margine densim fusco-barbata. Disco eleganter carneo. Sparsa. Siccitate clausa, Cupula extra barbam nuda rugosa. *845. 102. P. nurrpernis, L. vy. S. in plurimis stipitibus teneris dejectis, Bethl. P. applanato-patellaeformis, siccitate ob cupulae teneritatem irregulariter contracta, ceterum orbicu- laris, et madefacta valde explanata, rubella, carnosa, extus fasciculis pilorum brevium ruforum eximie barbata. Lin. 1—2 diametro ; gregatim crescens. _ Vou. IV.—2 T 174 SYNOPSIS OF *846. 103. P. macutincona, L. y. S., in maculis determinatis albidis, omnino tamen non crustaceis, in lignis decorticatis ramorum aggregata, Bethlehem. P. gregaria, affinis P. flammulae et cinnabarinae, lineam diametro excedens, ‘sessilis, basi nigra nuda rugosa, versus marginem strigosissima, tomento strigoso ferrugineo rufo, subpulyerulento. Disco, primum clauso, tum Peziza globosa ; demum aperto, Carnes rue: Cupulis in macula subconcen- tricis. *847. 104. P. Evraroni, L, y. S., versus radices in maximis caulibus emortuis Eupatorii purputel et maculati, Bethl. P. gregaria, cupulis bi- vel tri-linearibus ; madefactis explanatis, disco subconvexo, margine fere ob-. literato. Siccitate connivens, sed non clausa, est haec pezizula rufo-carnea, extus pilis nigrofuscis, apice albescentibus fasciculatim obsita. *848. 105. P. arroruscara, L. y. S., in frustulis ligni dejecti. Bethlehem. P. sparsa, majuscula (pro ratione ) diametro lineari. Cupula sessilis, extus statu sicciori atra, rugosa orbiculata, interdum tantum in margine barbata, plerumque extus fusco-strigosa. 2 Trib. 3. Tapesra. ~ » %y * Cupulis villosis. PB 849. 106. P. anomala, F. 86, Syn. Car. 1215, et. Bethl. *850. 107. P. annulata, F. 87, varius Bethl. ad ligna. *851. 108. P. stipata, F. 88, non infreq. ad ligna Bethl. * *852. 109. P. poriaeformis, F. 89, rara sed distincta, Salem. *853. 110. P. caesia, F. 93, Salem et Bethl..obyia. *854. 111. P. Rosaeg, F. 97, Salem, rarissima m Rosa. 855. 112. P. prurnata, L.v. S., F. 96, Syn. Car, 1216, etiam Bethlehem obvia in Vite. 856. 113. P. Hyprancear, L. y. S, F. 98, Syn. Car. 1219, nondum Pennsylvania reperta. *857. 114. P. Dasnatera, L. v. S., in cortice Lauri aestivalis, rara Bethlehem. met P. crustacea, insidens subiculo puly erulento crustacéo, crassiusculo, secedente, expanso in ligno ac cortice. Capulis dense gregariis, majusculis sessilibus daedaleis, i. e. varie tortis et flexuosis, i invi- cem adpressis, cum subiculo paar cinereo-pulyerulentis. Disco fuligineo-cinereo. : *858. 115. P. anacunoripea, L. y. S., in lignis dejectis udis, Bethlehem + ae” P. subiculo ex filis arachnoideis See lateque expansis tenerrimis, intertextis, subcandido-cinereis. Cupulis pallido- -aquosis, extus yilloso-albis, minutissimis. Siccitate globoso-contractis fere imper- ceptibilibus. *859. 116. P. canpipo-rutva, L. v. S.,rara sed perpulchra in cortice Bethl. P. subiculo araneoso satis denso, Totes lateque effuso, candidissimo, in quo sparsae apparent cupulae 1—2 lineares, elegantissime fulva, extus pilis brevibus subfasciculatis fusco-fulyis ornatae- Affinita- tem cum P. fulyocana habet—sed differt subiculo. ** Cupulis glabris. 860. 117. P. fusca, F. 99, Syn. Car. 1217, et Bethl. freq. 861. 118. P. sanguinea, F. 102, Syn. Car. 1218, valde freq. Bethl. *862. 119. P. sunicurara, L. v. S., passim in ramis dejectis Bethl. : P. subiculo crasso, tomentoso, éffuso cinereo-fusco, densissime intertexto. Cupulis glabris, marginatis et fibris quasi radicantibus, albis, sub nudo margine radiatim ‘expansis, subiculo affixis ; mauscally in ambitu mire lobato-undulatis, tri-linearibus ; disco ochraceo. *863. 120. P. crisro-punyeRacea, L. y. S,, affinis priori—locis similibus inventa, Bethl. P. subiculo araneoso multo tenuiori griseo. Cupulis minoribus, extus nigris, margine tumidulo ‘non lobato, griseo-pulverulento ; disco ochraceo etiam pulverulento. "864. 121. P. moxrrstarornes, L. y. S., locis iisdem cum prioribus Bethl. P. subiculo tenui, tomentum byssinum effusum referente, nigrofuscescente. Cupulis sparsis sub-dia- phanis, omnino P. mollisiam referentibus, tenerrimis, majusculis, nullimodo extus villosis sed sub- rugosis, cinereis statu madefacto sicco autem nigris. Disco concolore. *865. 122. P. piscrncona, L. v. S., in disco caesi trunci adligna, Subaffinis P. anomalae, Bethl. P. minuta aggregata, in aabicels tenuissimo albescenti. Cupulis turbinatis, substipitatis, laxe stipatisy NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 175 pallide ferrugineis, extus tamen omnino tectis pilis albido-cinereis, pulyerulentis ; primo conniyen- tibus, demum irregulariter expansis. Disco pallido. : "866. 123. P. mecaroma, L. v. S., in lignis putridis passim Bethl. P. subiculo late effuso, atro, contexto ex filis crassiusculis. Cupulis majusculis, eleyatis, subro- tundis, ceraceis, ex lutescente albidis, margine crasso involuto subrepando. Disco cinereo, _Extus cupulis glabris aut subfurfuraceis, ; Trib. 4. Finrina. "867. 124. P. elatina, F. 106, rara in Pino canadens. Salem. 868. 125. P. bolaris, F. 107, Syn. Car. 1221, et. Bethlehem. 869. 126. P. rosro-arsa, L. y. S., F. 113, Syn. Car. 1244, et. Bethlehem. "870. 127. P. ceracella, ¥. 114, rara in cortice, Bethlehem. “871. 128. P. phacidioides, F. 116, ad stipites rara, Bethl., 872. ,129. P. cutona, L. v. S., F. p. 115, b. Syn. Car. 1235. Species ex optimis—frequens occurrit in interioribus truncis, maxime gregaria, et aetate nigrescit, saepe 1—2 lin. diametro. Etiam Pennsyly. *873. 130. P. cuzorascens, L. y. S., affinis priori sed major et colore alieno, locis similibus sed rarius occurrit, Bethl. E. majuscula (S—4 linearis) gregaria, sicca yalde contorta, sacar aut brevius stipitata; extus floccosa fibrosa, nigra aut nigrofusca statu sicciori—madefacta autem _Aeruginosa. Disco lato chlorascenti aut luteo-viridi, demum subpulyerulento, "874. 131. P. sotiranta, L. y. S, rarissime insidens stipitibus tenerrimis Bethl. P. sessilis, solitaria, majuscula ad 3 lin. lata, applanata, firma, crassa, margine tumido obtuso glabro, colore chalybeo ; disco undulatim inaequali. Cupula extus vestita fibris quibusdam paucis albes- centibus. ; *875. 132. P. uempnanata, L. v. S., rara, ad ligna dejecta, Bethlehem. P. submembranacea, extus rugulosa fibris adpressis. ‘Tota nigra, statu sicciori. ' E stipite longiusculo _, abiens in cupulam tubaeformem, irregulariter limbo lobatam, intus cinerascens. Statu madido—tota Peziza cinerascit. Affinis Merulio aut pot. Cantharella fissili. - *876. 133. P. rorta, L. y. S., affinis P. bolari. Rara obvia lignis vetustis, Salem. P. subfasciculata, aut sparsa; stipite crasso sulcato, torto ferrugineo-fusco aeque ac cupula extus. = Disco explanato undulato, immarginato, aeruginoso-viridi, pulyerulento. Substantia demum sub rats coriacea. Totus fungus a 4 lineas latus et altus. “877. 134. P. asconororpea, L. y. S., in rimis corticis Vitis labruscae, &c. Bethlehem. P. minutissima, sparsa, extus fibrosa, candida, turbinata carne, sed vix stipitata. Disco subcarneo quasiascis ascoboloideis punctato, subconvexulo, siccitate clauso. Vix semilineam excedit. *878: 135. P. Lenraernts, L. y. S., in ramis Viburni Lentaginis, Hope, Jersey, vulgata. P. gregaria, sed sparsim, brevistipitata, stipite tenuiusculo concolore. Cupula dilatata, extus tenutss- ime fibrosa badia, subpulverulenta. Disco rotundo aut flexuoso marginato, pallide fusco badio. Tota 1—2 linearis. *879. 136. P. opuxrroxrrg, L. v. S., frequens in emortuis ramis, Spiraeae opulifol. Bethl. P. sessilis, sparsa, egloboso-turbinata, regularis, margine tumido inflexo; brunnea, extus fibroso-striata, marginealbescenti. Disco pallido. Diametro1lineari. Copiosim proyenit in ramulis, "880, 137. P. vixvisrsruis, L. v. S., in fibris interioribus Corticis Castaneae Bethl. P. minutissima, subfasciculatim proyeniens circum Sphaeronema parabolicum in eisdem fibris crescen- tem; fusca, subfibrillosa, obconica, abieris in _stipitem breyem, margine albopruinosoinyolyto, Disco cinereo-fusco ascigero. Ore semper contracto. Vix nisi per lentem detegenda. : Series 3. Phialea. Trib. 1. HymenoscrrHacr. 4 « Tt Ciborioideae. #881. 138. P. echinophila, F. n. 4, in involcuris Castan. Bethl. 882. 139. P. firma, F. n. 1, Syn. Car. 1222, et. Bethl. *885. 140. P. fructigena, F. 5,in Juglandium fruct., Bethl. 884. 141. P. serutina, F. 6, Syn. Car. 1225, non in Pennsyly. 176 » SYNOPSIS: OF) ( 5:.4- 885. 142. P. lutescens, F. 8, Syn. Car. 1228, foliis, et. Bethl. m *886. 143. P.pyriformis, F. 13, Salem in muscis rarissima. *887. 144. P. clavata, F. 16, Bethl. freq. in cortice Robiniae. 888. 145. P. cyathoidea, F. 21, Syn. Car. 1227, passim etiam in caulibus, Bethlehem. 889. 146. P. coronata, F.-9, rarissima, obvia tamen Salem ac Bethl. in stipitibus. ; *890. 147. P. striata, F. 15, ad caules Bethl. *891. 148. P. campanula, F. 19, in caulibus Umbellatarum, jam Salem et Bol *892. 149. P. Capula, F. 20, ad dejectos stipites Bethl. *893. 150. P. Perula, F.23, ad stipites Bethl. tt Volutelleae. - *894, 151. P. vaccinea, F. 27, ad fimum rarius obyia. Trib. 2. Canrcrnar. : . + Calyculae. 895. 152. P. Buccina, F. 35, Syn. Car. 1223, rara etiam Bethl. *896. 153. crocra, L, vy. S., ex New York communicavit Dr. Torrey. P, subcorneo-indurata, crocea, fasciculata, stipite crasso sulcato incurvo. Cupula varie contorta et lobata, margine obtuso subflexuoso. Altitudine } unciali. Cupula {foal bilineari. *897. 154. P. Phiala, F. 36, ramulis et stipitibus, Bethl. *898. 155. P. Calyculus, F. 37, rara var. infundibuliformis ad ligna Bethl. 899. 156. P. aeruginosa, F. 39, Syn. Car, 1230. Vi ulgatissima et interdum maxima uetdchont *900. 157. P. versiformis, F.40, Bethl. in salicinis truncis. *901. 158. P. Aspegreenti, F. 41, Bethlehem ad ligna, 902. 159. P. citrina, F. 43, Syn. Car. 1231. Vulgatissima et maxima Bethl. *903. 160. P. conriurNs, L. vy. S., affinis priori, sed multo major passim Bethl. P. majuscula, saepe plagis uncialibus et ultra confluens, ita ut cupulae confluentes quasi membranam_ efficiunt. Stipitibus crassiusculis, brevibus albescentibus cum cupulis ad basin, ceterum vivide - citrinis, subtus’ pallidioribus. 904. 161. P. pallescens, F.44, Syn. Car. 1232, et. Bethl. optime in caulibus Pastinacarum basin Versus. 905. 162. ee nigripes, F. 45, Syn. Car. 1226, etiam Pennsyly. _ *906. 163. P. chionaea, F. 44, b. optima Nazareth ad ligna. fo ; ; ar ioe tt ZLenticulares. 907. 164. P. lenticularis, F. 46, Syn. Car. 1236, et. Bethl. “908. 165. P. salicella, F. 47, rarior, Hope, Jersey. *909. 166. P. tricolor, F. 49, Bethlehem in truncis rara. *910. 167. P. ferruginea, F. 51, Salem in trunci disco, *911., 168-425 disciformis, F. 52, rarissima ad truncos, Bethl. *912. 169. P. cupressina, F. 54, ad folia et ramulos Juniperi virginicae dejectae Bethlehem passim. “913. 170. P. imberbis, F. 57, rarior ad ligna Bethl. 914. 171. P. herbarum, F-. 58, Syn. Car. 1253, et. Bethlehem vulg. *915. 172. P. faginea, F. 59, ae in foliis Bethl. He 916. 173. P. epiphylla, F. 60, Syn. Car. 1245, Salemac Feaeylvanie- “917. 174. P. luteovirens, F.48, ad ligna Bethlehem. “918. 175. P. Mougeotit, F. 53, rara sed pulchra Bethl. *919. 176. P. Pasrinacan, L. y. S.,in caulibus exsiccatis duris Pastinacae Bethl. P. minuta, stipite brevissimo crasso, interdum sessilis ; cupulis sparsis apertis, margine tumidulo obtuso albescenti luteo. Disco subconvexulo rufo lutescente. _ Affinis P. herbarum. “920. 177. P. Lrcumrnem, L. y. S., rara sed distincta species sparsim occurrit in leguminibus, Bigno- niae Catalpae et radicantis, Bethl. P. minuta, sparsa, emergens, globosa, ceracea, sessilis, glabrayrufa. gine albescenti. Punctiformis apparet. Disco excavato concolori, mar- NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. a | . Trib. 3. Mortisra. t Claviformes. “921. 178. P. conigena, F. 65, conis Pinorum prope Philad. *922. 179. P. flavovirens, F. 66, rara in putrido ligno Bethl. tt Udae. 923. 180. P. chrysocoma, F. 67, Syn. Car. 1159, aurea, et, Bethl. *924. 181. P. lilacina, F. 68, non rara Bethlehem. 925. 182. P. vinosa, F. 69, Syn. Car. 1160, passim et. Bethl. 926. 183. P. rubella, F. 70, Syn. Car. 1162, freq. et. Bethl. 927. 184. P. atrovirens, F. 71, Syn. Car. 1165, freq. ibidem. *928. 185. P. olivacea, F. 75, nostra occurrit in terra juxta truncos. 929. 186. P. uda, F. 74, Syn. Car. 1157, freq. ubique. 930. 187. P. cinerea, F. 75, Syn. Car. 1158, vulgatissima. "931. 188. P. pusilla, F. 76, rarior ad truncos Bethlehem. *952. 189. P. Pleridis, F. 79, passim ad stipites Pteridis aquif. Bethlehem. d *933. 190. P. axillaris, F. 83, in axillis muscorum ; Clariss. Torrey ex New York communicayvit. *934. 191. P. sanguinolenta, F. 84, non rara lignis Bethl. *935. 192. P. xanthostigma, F. 86, in vetustis lignis Bethl. "936. 193. P. vulgaris, F. 88, ad cortices putrid. Bethl. "937. 194. P. livido-fusca, F. 90, rarior in fragmentis corticis dejectis Bethlehem. *938. 195. P. dilutella, F. 91, rara obvia Bethl. locis suis, *939. 196. P. atrata, F. 92, passim in exaridis lignis Bethl. *940. 197. P. leucostigma, F. 87, ligno cariosissimo Nazareth. "941. 198. P. dentata, F. 89, in ligno materie viridi obtecto, Bethlehem et alibi. "949. 199, P. concneErta, L. vy. S., ad ramos dejectos Mori albae Bethlehem. P. minutissima, conchiformis, sessilis, subpellucide rubra, sicca, connivens, margine acuto. #943. 200. P. cruenta, L. vy. S., in cortice ramorum passim Bethl. P. minuta, sparsa, sessilis, applanata, cruenta, subpellucida, margine elevato albidulo crenulato, aut pruina adsperso. Disco concayo. Forma totius fungi orbiculata, vix semilineam excedens. *944,. 201. P. crrrrvetta, L. y. S., in lignis cariosissimis salicinis Bethlehem. P. gregaria ac sparsa, minuta, sessilis, junior subglobosa, demum explanata, semper margine crassius- culo obtuso distincta, varie flexuoso et linea albida notato. Ceterum unicolor citrinella—affinis P. chrysocomae. *945. 202. P. nuruna, L. v. S., satis affinis P. rubellae, sed major, ac minus tremellosa. Bethlehem lignis. Re basi affixa, margine crasso subalbescente, ceterum e rubro rufa, Disco impresso, quasi umbilicato, limbo interdum undulato, plerumque regulariter orbicularis. Trib, 4, Parenrrar. *946. 203. P. melaxantha, F. 97, passim Bethlehem. 947. 204. P. melaleuca, F. 88, Syn. Car. leucomela, 1247, et. Bethl. *948. 205. P. lignyota, F. 100, rarior lignis Bethlehem. *949. 206. P. difformis, F.101, Nostra videtur major Friesii, in disco antiquo Salicis Bethlehem. *950. 207. P. viticola, F. 102, rarior Bethl. in Vite. "951. 208. P. lecideola, F. 103, passim Bethlehem obvia. *952. 209. P. connivens, F. 104, in frustulis dejectis, Bethl. *953. 210. P. compressa, F. 105, in fragmentis ligni caesi ad terram dejectis Bethlehem freq. *954, 211. P. flexella, F.107, ad varia ligna cariosa Bethlehem. "955. 212. P. crawpicoxa, L. y. S., gregatim proyenit et subseriatim in glandibus putridis, Bethl. P. minuta, nigrofusca, subcaespitosa et fasciculata, sessilis, margine plicato inflexo; disco concavo glabro. Quasi zonatim glandes circumdant greges densissimae hujus pezizulae, quae cupulis yalde variant, difformibus saepe flexuosis et conniventibus. Disco interdum griseo-pulveraceo. *956, 213. P. Puizapecens, L. y. S., in ramulis Philadelphi inodori culti in hortis Bethlehem. Vou. IV.—2 U 178 SYNOPSIS OF P. cupulis sessilibus aut stipite papillaeformi praeditis; siccis subrotundis, sparsis, superficialiter epidermidi adnatis, extus ferrugineo lutescentibus, subpulverulentis, margine subprominulo. Disco demum conyexo, punctato, umbrino, 4 lineari. Interdum cupuli aggregati occurrunt. Genus 24. AscoBoLus. 957. 1. A. furfuraceus, Fries. n. 3, Syn. Car. 1270, Carol. 958. 2. A. glaber, F.n. 7, Syn. Car., 1269, et. Bethl. in fimo. *959. 3. A. immersus, F. n. 8, non rarus in fimo Bethl. *960. 4. A. conczomeRatus, L. y.S., in truncis quercinis mucidissimis copia ingenti aggregatus. ‘T’am affinis Hysterio rufescenti nostro statu sicciori, ut vix distinguitur. Madido autem nil dissimilius. A. cupulis sessilibus, majusculis, applanatis, varie flexuosis, sacpissime aggregatis in caespitulis un- cialibus. Disco cinereo carnoso-tremelloso, late aperto ad latitudinem 1—2 linearum, subtumidulo, ascis punctato-prominulis nigrioribus ; margine tumido albescente. Sicco statu, valde mutatur, ” cupulis tum contractis, contortis, conniventibus, Hysterium rufescentem referentibus, disco toto nigro, margine albo, extus autem nigrescentibus. Ad ulnarem longitudinem confluunt caespites cupularum. Genus 25. BuLGartia. *961. 1. B. globosa, F. 166, n. 1, Salem et Bethlehem rariter obyia. 962. 2. B. inguinans, F. n. 2, Syn. Car. Pez. 1153, copiosissime et interdum maxima inyenitur Salem et Bethlehem. Praesertim vulgata in lignis caesis ad ignem destinatis. 963. 3. B. sarcoides, F.n. 5, Syn. Car. Pez. 1156, freq. et. Bethlehem in Betula. *964. 4. B. rura, L, v. S., in ligno putrido Bethlehem hunc fungum rarius, sed tum maxima copia inveni. B. magnitudine et substantia indoleque omnino B. inquinantis: forma autem magis Pezizoidea, breyiter stipitata. Junioribus subturbinatis aut oboyatis, clausis, vix autem velatis. Mox cupula dilatatur, margine undulato repando, disco, ascophoro, eleganter rufo. Extus umbrino-fusca, venoso-rugulosa, strigoso-pilosa, pilis tamen breviusculis. Statu madido attinet diametrum 2—S uncialem, et colore laeto inter folia putrida oculos allicit ; in sicco cornea et indurata sit mox autem reyiviscens. In- crescit more B. inguinatae lignis, putridioribus tamen, inter folia defossis. Tribus 3. CLAVICULARES. Genus 26. VuprissEa. 965. 1. V. rRuNcorum, F. p. 31, Syn. Car. 1121. Leotia, L. v. S., solummodo Carolina obyia. Genus 27. Sarea. Fries. Sys. Veg. p. 86. 966. 1. S. aurea, F. Il. p. 156, Helotium,n. 3, Syn. Car. 1272, elegans. Nondum Pennsylvania obvia. 967. 2. S. acicularis, F. n. 4, Syn. Car. 1271, et. Bethlehem in cortice. 968. 3. S. fimetaria, F. n. 5, Syn. Car. 1275, et. Bethlehem rarius locis similibus. *969. 4. S. subtilis, ¥.n. 6,rarius. Bethl., Philad. *970. 5. S. pithya, F. n. 1, inligno et ramulis Pini canadensis, major et magis applanata quam Eu- ropaea species sed omnino eadem, Plainfield, Pennsylvania. *971. 6. S. pRassicarcota, L. y.S., in caulibus vetustis Brassicarum induratis Bethl. S. gregaria, gregibus vastis, minuta, propullans inter fibros caulis. Stipite albo pulverulento, basi in- crassato. Capitulo rufo-aurantio, conyexo, in cupulam e stipitis apice dilatato, demum disco appla- nato et manifestim marginato. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 179 Genus 28. Vorvurerra.” Fries. Veg. Sys. et Mycol. p. 173. Fungus pulcherrimus, passim occurrens in foliis semivivis Quercinis Bethlehem, jam describendus diu nos exercuit ubi sit locandus. Nunc certior factus sum longa observatione eum huc pertinere. Nomine 4mphyphyto multis a me communicatus est. V. Quenrcrna, L. y. S. "972. 1. V. Receptaculo corneo ceraceo-pezizaeformi, basi, stipitiformi, brevissima, folio adnato, quac _ basis autem in patellulam marginatam extensa. Cupula varie formata, undulata, extus plicato-rugu- losa, ceterum glabra, colore purpureo-rubro, diametro in junioribus lineari—in adultis interdum 4} unciali. Disco plerumque subumbonato. Totus fungus extus et quidem in disco, filis tenuissimis, cum pruina alba interspersis vestita, passim evanidis. Est quidem analogia cum Epichysio Todei. Crescit sparsim, sed plerumque multis speciminibusin eodem folio. Interdum fasciculatim. Sub- stantia indurescit. Genus 29. Diriona. *973. 1. D. volvata, F. p. 171, n. 3, ex Nova Anglia Torrey communicavit. “974. 2. D. sulcata, F. n. 4, in rimis corticis Vitis, etiam ex Nova Anglia Torrey. Tribus 4. Sricrer. Genus 30. Sricrus. 1. Stictis Corticiae. *975. 1. S. ocellata, F.198, n. 3. Bethlehem rara. "976. 2. S. Pupula, F. n. 4, in ramis salicinis Bethl. "977. 3. S. sphaeralis, F. n. 5, vara in Fraxino Bethl. *978. 4. S. chrysophaea, F.n. 6, in ramulis decorticatis Bethl. "979. 5. S. tenuis, F. n. 9, Carolina a me Friesio missa. *980. 6. S. radiata, F. n. 7, Bethlehem in Corni sericeae cort. *981. 7. S. pelvicula, F. n. 10, in ram. Ribis florid. Bethl. +982. 8. S. pallida, F. n. 11, in lignis vetustis sepium Sal. et Bethl. *983. 9. S. hemisphaerica, F. n. 12, in ligno pineo Pennsyly. *984. 10. S. Hyprancear, L. v.S., valde vulgata in ramulis emortuis Hydrangeae, Bethlehem et Salem. S. omnino affinis S. radiatae, a qua magnitudine multo majori et disco globoso elevato distinguitur. *985. 11. S. Rust, L. v. S., in antiquissimis caulibus Rubi villosi Bethl. S. subimmersa, erumpens cum epidermide, verrucae ad instar, arcte cincta ab epidermide; verruca orbiculata. Limbo albopulveraceo, plicatim inflexo, faciliter detergibili. Disco excavato ni- grescente. “986. 12. S. rimpntara, L. y. §., ad latus interior squamarum Strobili Pini inopis juxta Kaign’s Point, Philadelphia. S. immersa, suberumpens, disco tremelloso ceraceo orbiculari, subconvexo, pruinoso, cinereo, limbo candidissimo prominente eleganter fimbriato-fisso. Aecidium exacte refert. Gregatim proyenit. Siccitate subclausa. : *987. 15. S. cautrncora, L. v. S., sub epidermide caulium majorum; primum tecta demum erumpens, Bethlehem. S. minuta, atra, et circumcirca nigrificans, exacte orbiculata aut urceolata, solummodo ore rotundo. margine spurio cinerascente cincto, prorumpens. *988. 14. S. Umnerraranrum, L. v. S., vulgaris in caulibus Pastinacae Bethl. Affinis radialae. S. sparsa, gregibus tamen vastis caules occupans, immersa, ore pulverulento sublacero valde promi- nuloalbo. Disco ime excayato pallido. Multo minor S. radiatae et margine vix manifestim radiato. 180 SYNOPSIS OF *989. 15. S. ceracea, L.v. S., in panies passim, Bethl. S. sparsa aut collecta in magalo exalbescente, immersa.* Disco ceraceo albido saepe regulari. Limbo non pulverulento sed crassiusculo albo. *990. 16. S. Srecxa, L. y. S., in ramis ignotis ligno immersa, Bethl. S. ime immersa, disco nigro urceolate, minuta, limbo albo stellatim fisso, valde prominente : laciniis 3—4 stellatim reflexis, pulvere obtectis. *991, 17. S. Ligusrrr, L. v, S., inramulis Ligustri, Bethlehem, affinis S. Lecanorae. S. sparsa erumpens, carnoso-tremellosa, patellaeformis, primum nigrescens, demum quasi lutescens in ligno. Margine eleyato sublacero—et disco quasi pruinoso. *992. 18. S. Parapetent, L. y. S., in ramulis tenerrimis P. inodori, Bethlehem hortis.. S. erumpens, orbicularis, disco subceraceo tremelloso, omnino pulvere cinereo obtecto, magis in am- bitu aggregato efficiens limbum crassiusculum. 2. Xylographa. *998. 19. S. parallela, F. n. 14, in omni ligno vetusto, praesertim saepium nostr., ‘‘ fence rails” dicto- rum, Bethl. et Salem. *994. 0. S. stictica, F. n. 15, in canescente ligno Bethlehem. 3. Propolis. *995. 21. S. farinosa, F. n. 16, vulgata in disco truncorum caesorum Bethlehem. *996. 22. S. hysterina, F. n. 20, in Querco Salem et Bethl. *997. 23. S. promrnuza, L.v. S., in ipso libro ramentarum Vitis emortuae Bethl. S. majuscula, valde prominens, primum immersa, demum fere libera aut superficialis, disco ime exca- yato albido-pallido, limbo yalde dilatato, vix lacerato, sed saepe irregulari pluribus quasi in unum confluentibus. *998. 24. S. versicolor, F. n. 17, in iisdem lignis cum Ascobolo nostro conglomerato, Bethlehem. 999. 25. S. Hyssorz, L. v. S., in caulibus H. nepetoidis, Bethl. S. ime immersa, minuta, urceolata, ore contracto, limbo albo-pulverulento, in radios patentes diviso. Hymenio lutescenti, demum quasi liberoin cavitate. Distinguitur ore contracto. Genus 31. Soxenta. 1000. a S. fasciculata, F. p. 206, n. 1, Syn. Car. incana, n. eek Salem et Bethlehem. *1001. 2. S. candida, F. n. 2, rarior Bethlehem. *1002. 3. S. villosa, F. n. 3, freq. in lignis Bethlehem. *1003. 4. S. ochracea, F. n. 4, Syn. Car. 1267 et 1268, urceolata—quae mera yarietas. Frequens ambo varietates et. Bethl. Orvo III. CLAVATI. Sunorpo I. PILEOLATI. Genus 32. Hericium.’ Huc pertinet Hydnum (Gomphum) Caput Medusae jam recensitum—non infrequens Bethl. n. 532 supra. Genus 33. SPpaARAssiIs. *1004. 1. S. crispa, F. I. p. 465, in horto Bartramii prope Philadelphiam sub maximis arboribus Cu- pressorum et Pinorum, exacte cum fungo lusatico convenientem inyeni. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 181 1005. 2. S. sparnunava, F, Sys. Veg. p. 89, Syn. Car. 1070, sub nomine M., spathulatae, Sine ullo dubio congenera prioris et Bethlehem quanquam rarissime obyia. Elench. F. p. 227, n. 2. Susorvo If. MITRULINI. Genus 34. Sparuutrs. Sys. Veg. 88, Spathularia. *1006. 1. S. flavida, F.1.p. 491. In terra lignosa truncorum montis Pocono. Etiam ex New York.” Variat clavula ime rufa. ; : Genus 35. Mirrura. 1007. 1. M. paludosa, F. 491. Leotia Ludyigii et Bulliardi, Syn. Car. 1117—1118, etiam freq. iisdem locis Bethlehem. ; "1068. 2. M.xnrrara, L. y. S., Elench. F. p.. 234, n. 3, valde memorabilis gregibus vastis occupat ramulos dejectos rarissime Salem. 1069. 3. M.xx1eua,L. y. S., Syn. Car. 1119, et Elench. Fries. p. 235, rara Salem. Genus 36. GxrocLossum. . 1008. 1. G. glabrum, F. 488,n. 2, Syn. Car. 1115, nondum Pennsylvania. 1009. 2. G. hirsutum, F. n. 1, Sym. Car. 1114, nondum in Pennsyly. 1010. 3. G. ranrnaceum, L. v. S,, Syn, Car. 1116, nondum repertum in Pennsyly. "1011. 4. G. rnvrum, L. y. S., ex Hope, New Jersey, communicavit Dr Kampman. G. terrestre, glabrum, rufum, stipite tenuori, clavula multo crassior, et color clayulae rufior, apice ‘obtuso inaequali. Subrugosum. Unciam longitudine excedens. Suzorpo II]. CLAVULATI. Genus 37. C1avarta. Trib. 1. Borryorperaz. 1012. 1. C. Botrytis, F. 466, n. 1, Syn. Car. 1075, et. Bethl. freq. 1013. 2. C. formosa, n. 2, Syn. Car. 1072, et. Bethichem. 1014. 3. C. flava, F. n. 3, Syn. Car. 1073, frequens, et. Pennsyly. 1015. 4. C. grisea, F. n. 6, Syn. Car. 1074, nondum Pennsyly. *1016. 5. C. spinulosa, F. n. 7, ae annis freq. Bethl. Trib. 2. RAMARIAE. 1017. -6. C eae ¥. n, 8, Syn. Car. 1076, rarior Salem. 1018. 7. C. palmata, F.n. 9, Syn. Car. 1077, etiam Bethl. 1019.. 8. C. abietina, F. n. 11, Syn. Car. 1078, rarior et. Pennsyly. 1020. 9. -C. pywidata, F. n. 13, Syn. Car. 1079, vulgaris Bethl. *1021. 10. C. apiculata, F. 12, Menango Chunk, Jersey, inventa. 1022. 11. C. pratensis, F. 15, Syn. Car. 1081, nondum Pennsyly. 1023. 12. C. corniculata, F. 16, Syn. Car. 1080, non in Pennsyly. "1024. 13. C. crispula, F. 14, inter muscos rarior Bethl., olim nobis C. epiphylla, Bethl. *1025. 14. C. crocea, F. 18, rarissime Bethl. *1026. 15, C. tenacella, F. 20, Salem solummodo inyenta, © Vou. IV.—2 V 182 SYNOPSIS OF — *1027. 16. C. virgata, F. 21, ex New York missa Torrey. 1028. 17. C. cristata, F. 22, Syn. Car. 1082 et 1083, et. Bethl.- 1029. 18. C. rugosa, F. 23, Syn. Car. 1088, etiam Pennsyly. 1030. 19. C. macropus, F. 26, Syn. Car. 1086, nondum Bethl. *1051. 20. C. Kunzet, F. 25, rara Bethl. obvia. 1032. 21. C. gracilis, F. 27, Syn. Car. 1085, et. Pennsyly. 10383. 22. C. subtilis, F. 28, Syn. Car. 1084, et. Bethl. 1034, 23. C. byssiseda, F. 29, Syn. Car. 1087, et. Bethl. 1035. 24. C. reTracona, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1090, et. Bethl. * 1036. 25. C. mucida, F. 30, Syn. Car. 1091, passim Pennsyly. "1037. 26. C. fuliginea, Pers. rarior Salem. *1038. 27. C. renvis, L. vy. S., in muscis nobis ex New York missis. C. sparsim ex ligno proveniens, fere simplex, affinis C. mucidae, et tantum rarius apice furcato. Ceterum tenuis, } unciali longitudine, pallida aut alba, gracilis. *1039. 28. C. compressa, L. vy. S., distinctissima species, Dr Kampman ex New Jersey communicavit, C, majuscula, 2—3 uncias longa, ex ipsa basi crassiuscula yage ramosa, ramis crassis non valde divisis, complanato compressis, quasi canaliculatis, apice obtusatis, deorsim attenuatis. Flavo-alutacea. *1040. 29. C. suscorricarts, L. v. S., rarissime sub cortice reperta monte Menango chunk, Jersey. ; C. uncialis, caule brevi tenuori, ramoso-dilatata, ramis subdivaricatim furcatis, compressulis ; alutaceo- alba, valde pulverulenta, et subyillosa. Apicibus ramorum acutis. Cornu cervinum aemulat. *1041. 30. C. cononara, L. vy. S., in ligno putrido dejecto Bethlehem. C. lignatilis, jam e basi divisa, ramosissima ; ramis primordialibus divergentibus demum complanatim aut angulatim compressis, apicibus adhuc divergentioribus truncato-obtusis, in ipsa truncatura coro- natis processubus minutis circumcirca Cladoniae more. Substantia subtenaci. Ramis omnibus madido statu quasi subdiaphanis et subyiscosis, substriatis ; CEniecaee autem non cornea Bisa Medi- - ocri magnitudine. Colore pallido-cervino. *1042. 31. C. sutpuurascens, L. v. S., aestate inter folia jhtretentia: Bethl. C. delicatula, semiunciali altitudine. Caule aut stipite tereti, basi incrassata, albo-pruinosa ; apice ramosa, ramis subfastigiatis teretibus, ramulis breviusculis corniculatis acutis. Radiculis byssoideis _ foliis insidens. Color totius fungi, e sulphureo-subfuligineus. "1043. $2. C. Tenax, L. y. S., ad terram nudam in Insula Lehigh prope Bethl. C. fasciculata, substantia tenacissima, demum subcornea, e basi jam ramoso-divisa, ramis compressis, gpice fere in membranam dilatatis, ramulis minutis irregulariter prominentibus et inde fimbriatis. Colore alutaceo-rufo. Uncialem altitudinem non excedit. P *1044. 33. C. merismarormes, L. y. S., cum priori ad terram nudam. C. caulescens, caule varietorto, brevi, et fere a basi diviso in ramos numerosos strictos, tereti-angulatos tenues, fastigiatos. Apice ramis dilatato subfimbriatis. Substantia tenacissima. Colore uniformi pallido lutescente. Uncialis aut biuncialis. ‘ Trib. 3. ConyNomEsE. ~* , - 1045. 34. C. ereanrea, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 1112, Elench. Fries. pag. 231. Etiam frequens Penn- sylvania. Abnormis—an noyum Genus? Structura interna fibrosa, stipites Agaricorum in animam revyocans. Interdum plagas occupat densas 3—4 pedes diametro in vicinitate truncorum inter radices subdenudatas. . . . 1046. 35. C. pistillaris, F.n. 31, Syn. Car. 1095, rara Pocono. 1047. 36. C. ligula, F. n. 32, Syn. Car. 1094, non in Pennsyly. 1048. 37. C. vernatis, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 1098, Vere et. Bethlehem, 1049. 38. C. rricnomonrna, L. y. S., Syn Car. 1099, et. Pennsyly. *1050. - 39. C. contorta, F. 33, Torrey ex Massachusetts com. 1051. 40. C. fusiformis, F. 41, Syn. Car. 1101, et. Bethlehem. 1052. 41. C. inaequalis, F. 43, Syn. Car. 1102, Torrey etiam misit. 1053. 42. C. angustata, F. 44, Syn. Car. 1104, etiam ex Torrey. *1054. 43. C. awrantiaca, F. 46, ex Doctissimo Torrey com. “1055. 44. C. argillacea, F. 48, Salem nobis obyia. 1056, 45. C. flavipes, F. 49, Syn. Car. 1103, et. Pennsylv. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. ‘183 1057. 46. C. fumosa, F. 51, Syn. Car. 1105, nondum Pennsyly. *1058. 47. C. nigrita, F. 52, rara Bethlehem. 1059. 48. C. fragilis, F. 55, Syn. Car. eburnea 1106. 1060. 49. C, falcata, F. 57, Syn. Car. 1107, et. Pennsyly. *1061. 50. C. vermicularis, F. 54, Salem rara ad terram. *1062. 51. C. aurantio-crnnanantn, L. y. S., locis terrae nudae ad ripas Lehigh in Rhododendretis, C. terrestris ad radices tamen arborum, simplex, carnosa, subtenax, fasciculatim proveniens, seriebus saepe elongatis, multiformis, varians a junioribus 3 linearibus ad triunciales adultas altitudine. Deorsum attenuata, medio incrassata, apicem versus iterum attenuata. Clavulis aetate compressis, flexuosis, juventute teretibus. Basi albo-pulverulenta aut pruinata et subbyssacea. Ceterum gaudet colore ex aurantio in cinnabarinum yergenti. Majoribus clayulis interdum 4} uncialibus crassitie ; apice semper obtusiusculo. ; ‘ : Genus 38. TypnHu.a. 1063. 1. T. gyrans, F. p. 494, Syn. Car. 1113, rara, etiam Bethlehem ad stipites. *1064. 2. T. mucerpar, L. v. S., rarissima in mucerda Shamokin Pennsyly. T. gregaria, minuta, lineam non superans, albo-pallida, stipite gracili, glabro, clavula exacte ovata -concolore. Tuberculo nullo. *1065. 3. T. namearts, L. vy. S., rarissime in ramis Castaneis, Bethl. T. minuta, sparsa 1—2 linearis, Stipite brevi, glabro, badio-lutescente. Clavula subcylindrica, sub- falcata interdum, attenuata, albido-citrina, subpulyerulenta. *1066. 4. T. villosa, F. 495, n. 5, rarissime obvia, Bethlehem ad folia et stipites deject. Genus 39. Prervua. Fries. Syst. Veget. p. 90. 1067. 1. P. erumosa, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1089, etiam Bethlehem inter folia. Sunorpo IV. PISTILLARINI. : Genus 40. Catocrra. 1068 et 1069, vide sub Mitrula—omissa. 1070. 1. C. viscosa, F. p. 486 et 487, n. 1, Salem rara. "1071. 2. C. furcata, F. 4, Salem et Bethl. in truncis. 1072. 3. C. cornea, F. n. 5, Syn. Car. 1092, et. Bethlehem. 1073. 4. C. glossoides, F. n. 6, Syn. Car. 1093, et. Bethl. freq. *1074. 5. C. rrurrss, L. y. S., ex ligno dejecto gregatim propullans, Salem. C. simplex, 2—3 lin. alta, clavula cinereo-nigra cornea basi nigricanti subpilosa, ceterum compresso- glossoidea. Vegetans colore pallide fuligineo. Apice attenuato. 5 *1075. 6. C. rascicurara, L. y. S., abnormis, minuta, in Hymenio Daedaleae, Beth. ~ €. minutissima, fasiculatim prorumpens, sed clayulis simplicibus vermicularibus, aureofulvis, flexuosis, tenacibus stipitem versus nigricantibus. Semilinearis, Substantia ceterorum. Genus 41. Crinu.a. *1076. 1. C. caliciiformis, F. p. 403, rara obyia in cortice Robiniae Bethlehem dejecto. 184 SYNOPSIS OF Genus 42. Pisrr~uaria. 1077. 1. P. micans, F. 497, n. 1, Syn. Car. 1108, non Penns. 1078. 2. P. ovata, n. 2, F., Salem et Bethl. *1079. 3. P. quisquiliaris, F. 3, ad stipites Bethlehem. *1080. 4. P. muscicola, F. 4, in muscis hypnoideis, Salem rarissime. Orvo IV. TREMELLINI. Suzorpo I. PILEOLARES. Genus 43. Hxrtorivum. *1081. 1. H. umbonatum, FP. var. epiphyila, in foliis putridis Salem ; faciliter periit. Genus 44. CypHELLa. *1082. 1. C. lacera, F. 202, n. 2, Vol. Il. rarius Salem in laqueo yetusto. *1083. 2. C. muscicola, F. n. 3, immuscis ad terram Philad. 1084. 3. C. penpuxa, L. v. S., Carol. Syn. Carol. 1183, Peziza valde similis primo obtutu Sphaeriae pendulae. Genus 45. Guxrprnra. Syst. Veget. F. p. 92. *1085. 1. G. netvertomea, L. y. S. Fungus rarissimas, omnino sui generis, huc pertinere videtur. Mense Augusto obvius ad terram locis graminosis. G. anomala, subtremelloso-carnosa, intus gelatinosa et udo tempore quasi deliquescens, siccitate autem indurescens et cornea deveniens. Stipite cavo, sursum in pseudo-pileum irregulariter inflato-bul- latum, rugoso venosum dilatato. Apicibus pluribus ramosis et corniculatis (semper cavis). obtusis. Hymenio externo manifestim sporidifero, totum fungum occupante. Altitudine statu vegeto 4—5 unciarum. Siccitate diminuitur. Colore aquoso-pallido. Svzorpo II. CUPULARES. Genus 46. Lumatis. Syst. Veg. F. p. 93. "1086. 1. L. Betult, F. IL. p. 193, Peziza Betuli, Salem et Bethl. 1087. 2. L. onryaczo-yirens, L. y. S., Syn. Car. Peziza 1234, solummodo Salem obvia, in truncis Bethl. "1088. 3. L. pulla, F. 11. p. 160, n. 5, Bethlehem in asseribus. 1089. 4. L. ruro-orryacea, L, y. S., Syn. Car. 1220, Peziza nigro-olivacea; Salem et Bethlehem differt specificea priori. “1090. 5. L. auercrna, L. v. S., in ramis querneis deorbatis, Bethl. L, minor, sparsa, sublibera, fusco-atra, subgelatinosa, ovata. Disco interdum subplicato, margine sub- inyoluto nigro, pulverulento nigro. Diametro 1—2 lineari. s ie 9) ou NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 1 Genus 47. Exrp1a. { Auriculae. 1091. 1. E. Auricula Judae, FP. 221, n. 1, Syn. Car, 1136, et freq. Pennsylvania. 1092. 2. E. avrirormts, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1156, F.n. 4. 1093. 3. E. recisa, F. n. 5, Syn. Car. 1154, praesertim in Salicinis ramis, et. Beth. *1094. 4. E. truncata, F. 6, in Pyro Malo Bethlehem. tt Glandulosae. 1095. 5. E. glandulosa, F. 7, Syn. Car. 1135, vulgat. et. Pennsyly. “1096. 6. E. saccharina, F. 8, Bethl. in cortice Catalpae. *1097. 7. E. repanda, F. 9, in ramis Platani, Bethl. *1098. 8. E. empressa, F. 10, in ramo salicino, Bethl. 1099. 9. E. crenata, L. v. S., F. 11, Syn. Car. 1141, etiam occurrit in ramis Bethlehem. *1100. 10. E. rurma, L. v. S., passim occurrit in Ramis Celastri, Bethlehem. E. effusa, gyroso-plicata, lurida, orbiculata, crassiuscula. Sicca diminuta. Papillis raris adspersa. *1101. 11. E. sercunara, L. y. S., rarius in disco caeso truncorum Platani, Bethl. E. adpressa, effusa, crassiloba, verrucosa, rugulosa, olivaceo-virens, siccitate parum diminuta; sed colore tum nigro. Papillis frequentibus in superficie, margine in lobos minores obtusos diviso. “1102. 12. E. appxanara, L. y. S., in interiori cortice Rhois glabri, Bethl. E. applanato-expansa, arcte adpressa, margine tantum sublibero, figura oblonga, satis crassula, 2—3 lin. longa ; sicca atra, et quasi pulveraceo-furfuracea, rugis aut yenis extus paucis notata. Papillis Na sparsis. Suporvo III. TREMELLEI. Genus 48. TREMELLA. . + Mesenteriformes. *1103. 1. T. fimbriata, F. p. 212, n 2, passim Salem et Bethl. 1104. 2. T. foliosa, F. n.4, Syn. Car. 1138, et. Bethl. freq. *1105. 3. T. frondosa, I’. n. 3, truncis quercinis Bethl. 1106. 4. T. lutescens, F, n. 5, Syn. Car. 1130, vulgaris et. Pennsyly. 1107.. 5. T. aunantia, L. v. S., Syn. Car. coe © F, 6, etiam frequenter et maximis speciminibus Bethl. occurrit. 1108. 6. T. mesenterica, F. 7, Syn. Car, 1129, et. Bethlehem. tt Cerebrinae. *1109. 7. T. .albida, F. 9, rarior ad varios truncos Bethl. *1110. 8. T. intumescens, F. 10, rara ad truncos Bethl. 1111. 9. T. vinews, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 1134, F. 11, in Corni florid. ramis—nondum VIE *1312. 10. T. crassrzosa, L. vy. S., propullans ex ramis dejectis Bethlehem. T. prorumpens, constans ex lobis crassis carnoso-tremellosis subrotundatis et globoso-aggregatis albidis. Statu madido ‘superficie quasi squamulosa; exsiccata nigra et pulverulenta. *1115. 11. T. conrueata, L.’y. S., rarius in lignis et ramis Bethl. T. caespitosa, corrugata, lobis flaccidis tenuioribus, margine intumescentibus, venosis ; nigropurpu- rascente colore. Siccasubsquamulosa. Unciali diametro. Tit Coryne. 1114. 12. T. sarcoides, F. n. 2, p. 217, Syn. Car. 1156, Pez. et Bethl. *1115. 13. T. clavata, F. n. 3, p. 218, rarior Bethl. *1116. 14. T. unicolor, F.n. 4, rarissime Bethl. Vou. IV.—2 W 186 SYNOPSIS OF *1117, 15. T. panmata, L. v.S., forma et indole affinis Canth. spathulariae, n. 292, in ligno putrido Bethl. T. radicata, lignum penetrans mafic tomentosa. Stipite compresso ; palmatim expansa, subcornea sicca, elegantissime aurantia, subdiaphana, apice capituloso, gyroso plicato, compresso et dilatato: Capitulo cum stipite confluente. Genus 49. NarMATELIA. 1118. 1. N.encephala, F. p. 227, n. 1, Syn. Car. 1152, et. Pennsylyv. “1119. 2. N. rubiformis, F. n. 2, Specimina nostra miyjores demum nigrescunt. Bethlehem in ramis. 1120. 3. N. nuctgara, L. vy. S. Syn. Car. 1142, F.n. S, yulgata est etiam in Pennsylvania. Saepe inventa membrana, siccitate inconspicua, triuncialiter expansa. Genus 50. Dacrymyces. 1121. 1. D. fragiformis, F. p. 229, n. 1, rarior Syn. Car. 1147, etiam Bethl. 1122. 2. D. violaceus, F. n. 3, Syn. Car. 1148, et. Bethlehem in ramis decorticatis Mali. Siccus niger. *1123. 3. D. virescens, F. n. 4, in asseribus, Bethl. 1124. 4. D. stillatus, Fs n. 5, Syn. Car. 1149, abietina frequens ad ligna et Bethlehem. 1125. 5. D. lacrymalis, Pers. et Syn. Car. 1150, videtur mihi omnino a priori colore ac indole dis- tinctus. Freq. et. Bethlehem. *1126. 6. D. Syringae, F. n. 6, rarior in ram. Syringae Bethl. “1127, 7. D. crnnananines, L. v. S., freq. in ramis salicinis Bethlehem, affinis priori. D. minor, prorumpens, epidermide arcte cinctus, primum convexus, demum concayus et subpezizae- formis, colore vivide cinnabarino, saepe confluens ac gregibus vastis ramos occupans longitudinaliter effusus. Faciliter excutitur, linquens faveolum. Floccis internis, aqua solutus egregie distin- guitur. *1198. 8. D. rnyorutus, L. y. S., sat. affinis D. lacrymali, ligno antiquo Salem et Bethl. D. magnitudine D. stillati, subrotundo-dilatatus, gyroso-plicatus, aurantio-pallidus. Basi involutus tomento strigoso albo quod saepe totum fungum induit. *1129. 9. D. petiucipus, L. v. S., Maximus, rarior ad gna Salem; etiam Philadelphiae vicinitate obvius. D. maximus, tres uncias longitudine ac latitudine occupans, candidus, subpellucidus, statu vegeto, initium Hydni gelatinosi referens—forma autem Tremellae est gyrosa, varie lobata, lobis crassis obtusis.. Structura interna omnino est Dacrymyces. Sicco statu membranam sistit crassam duram, plicato-yenosam, pellucidam. *1130. 10. D. carrrarus, L. vy. S., in caule Brassicarum Bethlehem obvius. D. stipitatus, stipite caulem penetrans, basi tomentoso, crasso, furfuraceo (Ditiolam referens) abiente in capitulum subrotundo-globosum, saepe impressum, interdum plicatum, colore aurantio-rubro. Sparsim crescit—interno contextu omnino hujus generis. F *1131. 11. D. pirrormis, L. vy. S., rariter in ramulis Rosae corymbosae Bethlehem, D. difformis, yarie tortus, fere Myxotrichi ad instar erumpens ex epidermide, aurantio-ruber, subex- pansus. Structura interna ut in ceteris. *1132. 12. D. errpayuius, L. v. S., Salem obyvius in foliis Galii. Omnino Sclerotium refert sed sub lente structura interna Dacrymycem Geeatie D. gregarius, subrotundus, oblongusve lutescens, minutus, 4 hee subpulvinatus, quasi innatus, saepe subconfluens. An etiam Sclerotium herbarum huc pertinet? "1133. 13. D. yrrreora, Ly. S., rarior ex epidermide Vitis emortui propullans Bethl. — D. biformis. Ex cortice aut epidermide prorumpens, stipite crasso praeditus, basi tomento inyoluta aut volyata, in capitulum gyrosum aurantio-rubrum dilatato. In ligno decorticato autem, effusus, gyroso-plicatus, tenuis, ejusdem coloris. Utraque forma servat structuram internam Dacrymycis, “1134. 14. D. Azauzasz, L. vy. S., rarior in ramis emortuis Azaleae nudiflorae Bethl. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 187 D. sparsus, minutus, ex cortice ut Myxosporium, propullans luteo-aurantius, pellucidus, explanatus in capitulum subpalmatim lobatum, breve. Structura interna priorum. ne Genus 51. Pyrenium. 1135. 1. P. terrestre, Syn. Car. 530, solummodo Carolina. *1136. 2. P. Cottaz,L vy. S., in Colla indurata mucosa Bethlehem obyium. P. magnitudine seminis papaveris, nidulans in colla et aggregatim prorumpens, oyato-globosum in- carnato-aurantium, tomento albo subinvolutum. Contextus indistincte floccosus. SuzorpoIV. HYMENULI. Genus 52. Puyiiorra. “1137. 1. P. biparasitica, F. p. 219, n. 1, in Hymenio Thelophorae aut Polypori Bethl. 1138. 2. P. parasitica, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1143, Tremella Carolina et Pennsyly. in Clavaria gi- ganteu. Genus 53. AGyrium. “1139. 1. A. caesium, F. p. 231, n. 1, rarum Bethl. in lign. *1140. 2. A. rufum, F. n. 3, freq. in Castaneo ligno Bethl, *1141. 3. A. atrovirens, F. n. 4, ad ramos dejectos Bethl. *1142. 4. A. nigricans, F. n. 5, in dejecto cortice Castan. Bethl. "1143. 5. A. lacteum, F. sub nigricante citat nec autem descripsit—effusum lacteum demum nigrescens. In stipitibus variis Bethl. obvium. *1144. 6. A. herbarum, F. n. 6, frequens ad stipites, Bethl. Genus 54. HymMENnpELLA. *1144. 1. H. vulgaris, F. p. 234, n. 2, in caul. Solidaginum, Bethl. *1145. 2. H. nigra, F. n.3, in stipitibus Rubi Beth]. _ *1146. 3. H. cizrara, L. v. S., in caulibus v. c. Arctii Bethl. H. subrotundo-difformis, tuberculosa, pallida aut rufescens, circum basin ciliata, ciliis albis persisten- tibus. Minuta. ‘ 188 - SYNOPSIS OF — > ‘ Cuassis SECUNDA. PYRENOMYCETES. Orvol. SPHAERIACEI. Suzorpo I. SPHAERINI. Nos in sequente Synopsi hujus Subordinis amplissimi, melius visum Quatuor Genera Friesii in Sys- temate ejus Orbis Vegetabilis, sub unum Genus Sphaeria retinere, cum ex ipso Friesii sententia non praeferenda sunt dispositioni vastissimi generis in Systemate mycologico exhibitae. Hanc quidem dispo- sitionem non omnino perfectam agnovimus, nec tam naturalem ut possit immutata manere, sed satis utilis nobis videtur fungillos hos rite cognoscendos. Non autem in animo est Systema construere, sed species recensere. Ceterum nobis contigit numerum specierum quam maxime augere, utpote ‘Tegionibus ame- ricanis tam feracibus ligni emortui, matricis Sphaeriarum, apprime proprium erat. Genus 55. SPHAERTA. Trib. 1. Conrpyceps. a.) Hypoerea. 1147. 1. S. militaris, F. 1, Syn. Car. 1, in Pennsyly. Pocono. 1148. 2. S. alutacea, F. 2, Syn. Car. 2, rara et. Bethlehem. *1149. 3. S. capitata, F. 6. Salem Carolina rara in terra orta ex putrido trunco Castaneae—omnino autem sine Sclerodermate defosso. 2 1150. 4. S. entomorhiza, F. Syn. Car. 3, rarissima. 1151. 5. S. ophioglossoides, F. 4, Syn. Car. 5, loco nunc aqueducto occupat ante 18 annos Bellies inyeni nec iterum. 1152. 6. S. mucronata, L. v.S., Syn. Car. 4, F. 7. Icon in Journal of Acad. Philad. Vol. V. Tab. 1, f. 1, rarissime obvia solummodo Carolina. *1153. 7. S. wercurea, L. v. S,, in terra lignosa rarissime obvia Salem. S subcarnosa, subsuberosa. Capitulo magno oyato clavato in stipitem attenuato-elongatum decurrens. Colore alutaceo, intus cum stipite flavescente. Peritheciis superficialibus minoribus concoloribus in capitulo obtuso. Altitudo totius fungi 14 uncialis. Capitulum 4 unciam diametro. *1154. 8. S. Geoerossum, L. y. S., Icon in Journal of Acad. Philad. Vol. V. Tab. 1, f. 4. Dr Torrey ex New York communicavit. An terrestris ? S. carnosa-suberosa, simplex, nigerrima. Clavula linguaeformi, compressa, subcanaliculata, falcata, apice obtuso. Peritheciis oblongis, nigris, subprominulis. Ostiolis minutis vix prominentibus. Intus albida. Stipite triplo longiori clavula subsquamuloso, basi hirsutulo, gracili, suberoso, intus albo, extus nigro. Altitudine pollicari. Refert Geoglossum. *1155. 9. S. cravurara, L.y. S., species omnino admirabilis, passim in vivis ramulis Quercus palus- tris et coccineae, onustis operibus recentioribus Cynipum. Bethlehem ad ripas Lehigh. $. Subiculo clypeato, ovato, regulari, contexta fibrilloso-membranaceo arcte epidermide insidens, centro incrassato-elevato, marginibus subliberis inflexis, ad quartam partem unciae expanso. Ex hoc subiculo patellari, basilari, assurgunt clayulae rigidulae, subdivergentes, ad 6—10 numerum ; tres lineas altae, substantia suberosa, intus albae, extusnigrae, et apice obtuso cinereo-pulveraceae. Stipite attenuato, et in capitulum oblongum obtusum sensim abiente praeditae sunt. Acetate vigen- tiori Capitulum distinctius a stipite sese ostendit, onustum seriebus parallelis peritheciorum nigrorum. His prominulis cum ostiolis minutis, et demum dejicientibus corticem externam cinereo-pulverulen- ar op ¥ . NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 189 tam; intus albo-farctis. Capitulum et clayula intus albescunt more S. capitulae, Stipite versus basin incrassato. ’ b.) Hypoxyla. 1456624 105.S. bullies F. 10, Syn. Car. 6, Carol. et Bethl. 1157. 11. S. hypoxylon, F. 11, Syn. Car. 7, ubique terrarum. 1158. 12. S. eersrcanra, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 9, F. 15, Salem solum. 1159: 13. S. digitata, F. 8, Syn. Car. 10, frequens Pennsyly. Speciminibus optimis maximis, 1160. 14. S. polymorpha, F. 9, Syn. Car. 11, freq. et. Bethlehem. 1161. 15. S. carpophila, F. 12, Syn. Car. 8, Carolina solummodo mihi obvia in nucibus Liquidambaris. Pennsylvania, etiam fagineis, ut in Europa. *1162. 16. S.sunrernanra, L. y.S. Icon in Journal of Acad. Tab.I. fig. 3, sed representans fungum imperfectum. Species nunc melius cognita primum ab amicissimo Torrey accepta ex fodinis New Jersey, nuperrime in puteo, praesertim autem Bethl. in doliis semidefossis et tectis, aquae collingen- dae causa obvia. S. suberosa, subsimplex speciminibus fertilibus, sterilibus autem saepe intricato ramosis imo anastomo- santibus ; ceterum longissima (interdum semipedalis) gracilis, flexuosa, et compressa ; clayula vix a stipite distincta ; apice plerumque indiviso, attenuato, torto, compresso, griseo-pulverulento ; basi paululum incrassata, hirsutiuscula, cum cetero fungo extus nigro-badia. Peritheciis demum in raris fertilibus, maximis, pro ratione trunci tenuioris, quem undique occupant, valde prominulis, acutius- culis ostiolis, unde quasi aculeatus truncus fertilis. Satis distant inter se. "1163. 17. S. Cornu Damaz, L. y. S., passim in truncis antiquis dejectis subdefossis e latere proyenit Bethl.; affinis S. hypoxylo sed multo crassior. m S. suberosa, aterrima, crassiuscula, trunco subradicato, varie torto, atro-floccoso in radice, compresso, in apicem furcato-ramosim dilatatur, plerumque apicibus abrupte acuminatis, demum fertilibus, exacte cornu damae. Junior apice ut ceterae Hypoxylae Sphaeriae hujus sectionis squamuloso-cineras- cente, ceterum tomento atro undique breyissimo investita. Peritheciis majusculis prominulis, ostio- lis obtusato-cylindricis brevibus. Intus candidissimus. Totus fungus saepe triuncialis. n *1164.° 18. S, rranetrironmis, L. vy. S., Journal of Academy, Vol. V. Tab. I. f. 5. Syn. Car. p. 85, n. 1071, nomine Merisma nigripes perperam. Rarior occurrit Sphaeria, rarissime fertilis, ad ligna’sicca molliora, nigro-tincta, jam primo obtutu colore distincta amoene incarnato, Etiam Bethlehem obyia. S. suberosa, brevicaulis, bulbosa, bulbo crasso applanato nigro conyexo insidens, trunco breviusculo crasso, e bulbosa basi mox in ramos palmatos, fimbriatos, congestos in capitulum, diviso, colore amoene luteo-incarnato, instrato pulvere copioso concolore. Trunco deorsum nigrescente, piloso, cum bulbo ; seorsum tereti pallente. Peritheciis demum in palmatis apicibus provenientibus, vix pro- minulis. Semiuncialem altitudinem vix excedit. Semper sparsim nec aggregatim crescit. £ Trib, 2, Pononra. 1165. 19. S. canpra, L.y.S., Syn. Car. 20,7 F. 16, rara in ramis fraxineis, Salem ct Bethlehem. Sine ullo dubio est Sphaeria, cupula sua ligno ipso tam adnata ut remanet remoto cortice. Cum sequente transitum fecit ad sectionem aut tribum proximum. . "1166. 20. S.inrenmepra, L. vy. S., Jour. of Acad. pag. 8. Affinis priori, sed distinctissima. Bethl. rarior in ramis corruptissimis Pruni hyemalis—ex epidermide gregatim erumpens. §. pulvinato-cupulata, i. e. Sphaeria pulvinata insidens Cupulae subrepandae inseparabilis ; fere primo obtutu sessilis, sed revera abienti in stipitem brevissimum, crassum, penetrantem interiorem corti- cem. Cupula cum stromate connata, extus nigra plicata. Peritheciis crebris periphericis, oyato- globosis, in superficie eleyatis, furfure albo-brunnescenti tectis, Stromate cinereo-brunneo, pulve- raceo—cortice fungi externo fusco, furfure albescenti subtecto. Tota sphaeria magnitudine S. fuscae subrotunda, applanata, interdum repanda. ‘ *1167. 21. S. Pocura, L. v.S. Icon. Journal of Acad. Tab. IL. f. 6. Primum accepi a Dr Torrey ex New York propullans ex cortice Fraxineo. Nunc copiose Bethl. inventa in variis Corticibus prae- sertim Castaneorum—semper cupulis inversis pendentibus. Omnino refert Cyphellam pendulam nos- tram, ita ut eandem putassem, nisi praesentia peritheciorum obstaret. In ramis Rubi emortuis varie- tatem minus fasciculatam inveni. Haec certissime S. punctatae, quam nondumin America inventam maxime dolendum—genuina socia. Vou. 1V.—2 X 1 90 SYNOPSIS OF - « S. suberosa-coriacea, stipitata ; stipitibus fasciculatim ex epidermide prorumpentibus, incurvis, sensim dilatatis in cupulas obverse pendulas, extus ex albido-fuliginosis, demum subfurfuraceis ; stipites semper crassi sunt. Cupulis excayatis, disco planiusculo, margine crasso, obtusato, inflexo-pulveru- lento. Peritheciisimmersis disco, minutis, monostichis lutescentibus, ostiolis nigris, vix prominen- tibus. Substantia cupularis intus ex albo-fuliginea aut badia, suberosa. Altitudo caespitis et singu- larium cupularum 4—5 lineas, diameter disci 2—5 linearis, Aetate provectiori, stipites fusco nigrescunt. Trib. 3. PuLvrnaTas. a Hypoxylae. : 1168. 22. S. concentrica, F. 18, Syn. Car. 12, et. Pennsyly. ubi saepe maxima. 1169. 23. S. fragiformis, F. 19, Syn. Car. 14, frequens et. Bethl. 1170. 24. S. fusca, F. 20, Syn. Car. 19, ad ramos freq. Bethl. *1171. 25. S. argillacea, F. 21, non est eadem cum nostra multiformi. Bethlehem passim. 1172. °26. S. cohaerens, F. 22, Syn. Car. 18, et. Pennsyly. : 1173. 27. S. multiformis, F. 23, Syn. Car. 13, et. Pennsyly. sed rarior. @ granulosa, Syn. Car. 16, mera varietas. : : 1174, 28. S. punissmma, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 46, F. 24, rarior Bethlehem. Ex tropicis optima speci- mina. *1175. 29. S. vennicosa, L. y. S., Journal’ of Acad. Tab. I. f.2, Species haec pulcherrima rarissime mihi obvia ad palos saepium, Salem Carolinae. S. maxima, plusquam unciali altitudine, subturbinato-stipitata. Cortice externo splendide vernicoso atra, in apice turbinato capitulato, subrugoso undulata, ostiolis vix perceptibilibus. Peritheciis peri- phaericis, minutis, subglobosis, nigro-corticatis, nidulantibus in primo strato stromatis sub externo cortice. Stroma constans ex stratis concentricis peritheciorum majorum, oblongo yatorum densiss- ime stipatorum, implentibus capitulum totum turbinatum, aeque acstipitem. Hae Perithecia meri sunt sacculi membranacei candidi, omnis corticis nigrae expertia ; statu vegeto repleti pulvere semi- ~nali copioso aterrimo, tum copia ingenti per ostiola, ne lentis ope distinguenda, ejecto, superficiem Sphaeriae et lignum circacircum tingente, Sacculi persistentes post pulveris ejectionem ; tum intus candidissima sphaeria est. Capitulum turbinatum diametro semiunciali, abruptim in stipitem 3 unciae crassum abiens. Stipite semiunciam alto. Proxima S. concentricae—sed optime distincta. *1176. 30. S. wanernara, L. vy. S., Jour of Acad. Tab. If. f. 8: affinis S. multiformis, sed major. In Pennsylvania haec species vulgatissima praesértim ad ramos quercinos locum usurpat S. multiformis quae rarior. 7 S. pulyinata, confluens, valde eleyata, major. Juniore aetate ochroleuca (pro more pulyerulenta) maturo, nigerrima absque ullo nitore. Superficie ex peritheciis periphaericis subjacentibus, adeo regulariter granulata. Peritheciis ipsis cum externo cortice satis prominentibus, subhemisphaerice, at horizontaliter truncatis, margine in truncatura same cinctis subeleyato. Centro truncaturae conico-applanato abiente in ostiolum, glaberrimo—cortice reliquo externo rugosa. Peritheciis ceterum corticatis, monostichis, subglobosis, nidulantibus interne in stromate nigro, sacculo albo instructis. Pulvinuli saepe } unciales ad longitudinem et latitudinem sex uncialem subconfluunt. Pulvere atro copioso. Structura externa peritheciortim differt a S. multiformi. "1177. Sl. S. pnreromera, L. y. S., Jour. of Acad. p. 10, e rimis corticalibus Castaneorum erumpens, rarior, Bethl. ‘ S. pulvinata, longitudinaliter confluens, rubro-rubiginosa, superficie non granulata, Cortice interiori, ~ aterrimo. Pulvinulis subdifformibus compressiusculis. Stromate aterrimo, in quo immersa sunt sparsim perithecia majora, ceteris peritheciis periphaericis, minutis, globosis, nigris. Superne quasi rubiginoso-pulverulento cortice exteriori furfurascente tecta. Interruptim confluunt saepe pulvinuli longitudinaliter ad longitudinem semipedalem. Singuli pulvinuli } unciales. Quoad indolem externi corticis affinis S. fragiformi. "1178. 32. S, renks, L. y. S., Journ. of Acad. Tab. ab amicissimo Z. Collins communicata in cortice ignoto. S. pulyinata, subtereti-cylindrica, apice obtuso, rotundata. Cortice exteriori tuberculoso-undulato rubiginosa. Stromate fuliginoso in quo undique perithecia periphaerica immersa inaequalitatem w 7 . 2 NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 191 mI corticis exterioris efficiunt. Pulvinulus cylindricus tres lineas altus, 14 latus. Sparsim nec approxi- mati occurrunt pulvinuli in cortice. Quodam modo affinis S. rubiginosae. "1179. 33. S, prconricara, L. v. S., quanquam affinis S. rubiginosae tamen spectat ad Sphaerias con- natas. Ad ligna et in cortice. Primum ex Nova Anglia misit Dr Torrey, nunc copiosior, Bethl. S. subpulvinata, applanata praesertimin ligno orbato, minus in cortice ; externa superficie griseo- rubiginosa, tuberculis rugosis sphaerulaeformibus dense tecta, ad instar ostiolorum, ita ut inde exasperata apparet nigris granulis: exterioris corticis ceterum expers. Peritheciis periphaericis, pluribus seriebus in stromate rubiginoso- fuligineo immersis, ovyato globosis. Pulvinulis subrotundis aut difformibus, } uncialibus saepe confluentibus. *1180. 34. S. mransvensa, L. y. S., Mauch Chunk transversim erumpens in trunco Betuli carpinifolii rarior. \ S. magna, subpulvinata, subimmersa in cortice et pulvinatim prorumpens, difformiter aut turbinatim angulata. Superficie irregularitér rugosa aut aequabili nigra. Peritheciis ovatis, periphaericis, intus splendenti-nigris. Stromate nigrofusco pulverulenta. Ostiolis manifestis prominentibus pimo- conicis. Unciali longitudine, crassitie } unciali. A Hypocreae. Ti8t 35... Si, era F. 26; Syn. Car. 21, et. Pennsyly. "1182. 36. S. gelatinosa, F. 27,in Sambuco, Bethlehem. 1183. 387. S. Srerzonwum, L. y. S., Jour. of Acad. p. 12 et 13, in hymenio et pileo Thelephorae fasci- atae, L. y. S., affinis prioribus, sed major. Forma ad glebosas, Bethl. S. undulato-confluens, applanata, ambitu sublobato, superficie plicata, subpulvinata, colore ex incarnato- brunneo : junior tomento albo basilari yelata et tum magis pulvinata. Interdumsolitaria ; plerumque autem confluens serie longitudinali in plicis Thelephorae cui inset Substantia, quanquam non ‘gelatinosa, tamen mollior. _ Peritheciis in superficie granulatim prominulis, mere corticalibus, i. e. stromati albido subjacenti, non immersis, manifestim ostiolatis, spargentibus pulyerem seminalem copiosam albidam. Ad longitudinem uncialem saepe confiuunt pulyinuli, 3—4 lin. lati; margine sublibero, ; + Trib. 4. Connaraeg. . Z « Hypocreae. *1184. 38. S. lactea, F. 29, adradices truncorum in terra et interiori cortice, Bethlehem. 1185. 39. S. citrina, F. 30, Syn. Car. 50, etiam Pennsyly. 1186. . 40. S. rosea, F. 31, Syn. Car. 31, rara etiam Bethl. 1187. 41. S. ochracea, F.30, @, Syn. Car. 32, Salem. *1188, 42. S. srerrrion, L. v. S. -» pulcherrima, super folia et dejectamenta locis umbrosissimis effusa, Bethl. . S. substantia primum molliuscula, longe lateque effusa, ‘applanata, superficie longitudinaliter striata, ex incarnato-lutescenti. Sicca, mie teri byssoideo ex intertextis fibris filamentosis prae- dita; et his laeviter omnino tecta app Intus demum alba carnoso-cornea. Peritheciis raris vix rite formatis in nostris. Foliis, capsulis, amentis, dejectis increscit ambitu unciali et crassitie bili- neari. 1189. 43. S. luteovirens, F. 35, Syn. Car. 33, et. Pennsyly. 1190. 44S. LAcirtuonum, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 34, F. 32, rarior obvia in Pennsyly. 1191. 45. S. nyaurna, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 35, F. 36, in monte Pocono frequens occurrit distinctissima haec species. ©1192. 46. eres L. y. S., in exoleto Tubere albo infestans corticem exteriorem, Pocono _inyenta. 's effusa, hie fusco-nigrescens, vix ambitu determinato. Peritheciis primo subimmersis, demum fere omnino prominulis, nigrofuscis, rugoso-tuberculatis, minutis, subconicis, dense agegregatis, intus omnino similibus prioribus, demum pulvere sparso-cavis. - : 8 Hypoxylae. 1193. 47. S. rubiginosa, F. 37, Syn. Car. 17, etiam Pennsyly. ad *e* ~*.: 192 SYNOPSIS OF . PerFoRATA, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 45, vulgaris et. Bethl., Fr. 38. . atropurpurea, F. 39, Syn. Car. 36, etiam Bethl. 1196. 50. S. serpens, F. 40, Syn. Car. 39, vulgatiss. et Pennsyly. 1197. 51. S.cornicunosa, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 82, F. 41, rara Bethl. 1194. 48. S s Ss. Ss. *1198. 52. S. coprophila, F. 42, pale rara sed distinctissima in ligno dejecto stercore tecto. Ss. Ss. S Ss s 1195. 49. *1199. 53. S. confluens, F. 43, passim Bethl. 1200. 54, S. Sassarnas, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 87, freq. et Bethl. *1201. 55. S. atramentosa, F. 49, Ae Salem et Bethl. 1202. 56. S. incrustans, F. 46, Bethl. lignis mollioribus. 1203. 57. S. arrnara, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 63, F. 50, etiam Bethl. *1204, 58. S. rurprnuzata, L. y. S., in ligno fagineo montis Pocono, Pennsylyv. S. turbinato-pulvyinata, applanata, subconfluens, tamen pulvinulis semper distinctis. Peritheciis non periphaericis sed per totum stroma ad basin usque dispersis majoribus. Superficie externa granu- lata, pulveraceo-rugosa, ostiolis minutis prominulis. Stromate parco, ob magnitudinem peritheci- orum, e fuliginoso albido. Pulyinuli seriatim siti, quasi literas hebraicas formant, et insident crus- tae nigrae in cortice effusae. *1205. 59. S. rrx17ra, L. y. S., non infrequens ad latera perpendicularia truncorum praesertim Platani, fere omnino eos plagis latis inzequabilibus confluentibus inyestiens, Bethl. S. latissime effusa, confluens, stratis saepe superimpositis, sistens plagas subeffiguratas, ligno emollito quasi illitas : superficie superna undulata inaequabili, primum eleganter olivaceo virente, demum nigra. Peritheciis majusculis, granulatim prominentibus, coronatis ostiolis acutis conicis aut indis- tinctis ; ceterum crasse corticatis, intus cavis et ob magnitudinem stromate parco albescenti circum- datis. « *1206. 60. S. EXARATA, L. y. S., in cortice ramorum juniorum Jugl. tomentosae, Salem et Bethl. S. effiguratim effusa, quasi longitudinaliter sulcis imis parallelis in superficie exarata—primum epider- mide subtecta, quas in sulcis persistit. Peritheciis yalde prominulis in summa juga sulcorum, irre- gularibus, e nigrofuscis, nigropapillatis, majusculis, monostichis, stromate parco circumdatis. In- terdum sulcis confluentibus. In ambitu margine sterili, subrepando praedita; crustae subjacenti, ex substantia corticali nigrifacta formata, insidet. 1207. 61. S. uypnicona, L. y. S., Jour. of Acad. p. 14, Tab. II. f. 9, rarior in subulis jam corruptis Hydnorum, Bethl. S. crassa, breyis, subrepanda, satis in superficie eleyata, passim confluens. Superficie externa ater- rima, undulata, a peritheciis subjacentibus, depressa, granulosa. Peritheciis magnis subdistantibus, immersis in stromate albo-lutescenti, monostichis, velo aut sacculo brunneo instructis. Ostiolis papillatis, prominulis. Subuli Hydni saepe cum stromate concrescunt: tum inferior pars quasi — pedicellum,crassum exhibet. Substantia Stromatis manifestim suberosa. Diametro vix 2—3 lineas excedit. Affnitas quaedam cum S. uda adest, "1208. 62. S, cArnosrnoma, L. y, S., Jour. Acad. Tab. IL f. 10, ee et cortice Lauri aestivalis, Bethl. freq. nec alibi. S. irregulariter effusa—ad longitudinem et Jatitudinem 2—3 unciarum ; etiam occurrit pulvinulis minoribus subturbinatis, seriatim approximatis nec revera confluentibus—satis similis inde S. turbi- nulatae. Specimina effusa, primo obtutu, referunt Sphaeriam maximam simplicem, contigue acer- yatam. At transversim secta, conex communis quo connata sunt, in conspectum yenit, extus niger. Superficie inaequali; ex peritheciis subelevatis, granulosa, punctato-rugosa. Peritheciis, »externe apice truncato in ostiola obtusiora, subconice elevato, stromate immersis interne grumoso, colore vivide rubro-ochraceo, parciori aut copiosiori ; corticatis, ovalibus et irregularibus, sacculo splen- denti atro—abientibus in ostiola per ductum conspicuum. Stroma coloratum numquam deest, nec in fere simplicibus pulvinulis singulum tantum perithecium interdum continentibus. 9" *1209. 63. S. ruscorunrurna, L. v. S., Jour. of Acad. Tab. IL. f. 11, lignis emollitis aeque ac cortice increscit, Sal. et Bethl. S. effiguratim effusa, margine plerumque sterili, semper longitudinaliter serpens. Cortice externo intus atro nitente duriusculo, superficie eleganter purpureo, demum purpureo fuscescent, regulariter granulosa ex subjacentibus peritheciis. Peritheciis, non papillatis, polystichis, oblongo-ovatis, crebris, minoribus, yelo interno albido, immersis in Stromate atro-nitente. Ligno tenuiter tantum NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 193 illita, circumcirea atrotincto. Inseparabiliter adnata. Uncialem longitudinem occupat, saepe prae- amans loca excavata ligni. In cortice multo elevatior et quasi tuberculosa. *1210. 64. S. 1nvesTreNs, L. y. S., passim Salem ac Bethlehem, in lignis non duris, exsiccatis decorti- catis; priori affinis. S. insuper c crescit atram, tenuem, in ambitu longe lateque lignum atrotingentem et sterilem, et quasi investit totum lignum, cum ejus rimis, elevatioribus, cavitatibus, &c. pallio granuloso ater- rimo, sensim abiente in crustam. Peritheciis dense stipatis, regulariter oblongis, ad basin stromatis penetrantibus, parcissimi et tantum superne perceptibilis ; in superficie externa, rugulosa, subconice elevatis, ostiolo papillato deciduo praeditis. Plagas sistit 2—3 unciales longitudine ac latitudine. *1211. 65. S. cneeanis, L. y. S., rariter Carolina obvia in ligno udo molli. S. late effusa insuper crustam inaequabilem e nigrofuscentem referens sphaerias simplices aggregatas. Peritheciis tamen majusculis valde prominulis quasi applanato-convexis, ex approximatione varie compressis, connexis crusta tenui, nigrofuscis, primum papillatis demum pertusis, papilla decidua, superficie rugosis, serie insertis stromati rubro-fusco aut nigro simplici. Perithecia destructa et dif- fracta saepe dimidiatim manent in crusta inania. #1212. 66, S. xanruostroma, L. vy. S., Seriatim erumpens e rimis ramorum decorticatorum Quercus, Bethlehem. : S$. insidens crustae tenui nullimodo effusae. Serie simplici protruduntur tubercula valde elevata did- formia subconfluentia fusco-nigra, rugosa, vix ostiolata, majoribus mixtis minoribus in eadem caes- pite. Tuberculis verticaliter sectis, apparent perithecia interna, unum vel pluria in eodem tuberculo, majuscula, globosa, omnino immersa in stromati lutescenti, grumosa, Tubercula extus nigra. Passim ad uncialem longitudinem protracta est series. “1213. 67. S. spaarrrosroma, L. v. S., rara Bethlehem in ligno carioso emollito. S. brevis, subpulvinata, carbonacea, aterrima, 2—3 lineas longa, oblonga, utrinque acuminata, super- ficie externa longitudinaliter striata. In hac observantur ostiola sphaeriomorpha, sparsa globosa, ore rotundo pertusa, ductu longiusculo connexis cum peritheciis internis, ipso ligno immersis, absque ullo stromati genuino, tectis tamen externo cortici communi tenerrimo superficiali nigro. Peritheciis ipsis majusculis et massa atra repletis—ovatis. Haec massa, sub lente augentissima, ex sporidiis fere Melanconis constat. *1214. 68. S. Caratpag, L. vy. S., in cortice Catalpae non rara Bethlehem, sed plerumque statu sub- exsoleta tantum mihi obvia. §. seriatim e rimis corticis erumpens, primum rubiginosa, demum nigra. Caespitulis aut potius pul- _yinulis longitudinaliter confluentibus. Cortice externo subtenui superficie a subjacentibus peri- theciis granulosa rubiginosa, quasi pulverulenta, demum nigro rugoso. Peritheciis crebris, stromate parco nigro, primum ostiolis pupillatis, tum pertusis, ostiolis nempe deciduis. Multam habet affini- tatem cum S. rugosa, sed minor nec effusas Trib. 5. Gresosaz. 1215. 69. S. deusta, F.51, Syn. Car. 27, vulgatissima ad latera et radices truncorum, Carolinae, Penn- sylv., New York, &c., ad 8 uncias lata. £ platyceps, quasi stipitata, Bethlehem. y effusa, fusca, tenuis, aequabiliter effusa, Salem. Nota.—In Sphaeria deusta frequentior quam ceteris mihi obvia est forma initialis Sphaeriarum illa, qua referunt Thelephoram pulvere copioso filamentoso, colorato, plerumque aeruginoso virente onustam—de qua miror tam pauca verba in Friesii Systemate reperienda esse. 1216. 70. S. Tubulina, F. 52, Syn. Car. 29, etiam Pennsyly. plerumque in laeso arbore adhuc vigente. *1217. 71. S.succenturiata, F. 55, rarius ad ram. Bethl. *°1218. 72. S. spondylina, F. 56, rarius in ram. quere. ibid. 1219. 73. S. numularia, F. 57, Syn. Car. 42, S. clypeus, inveni specimina Pennsylvania septam uncias longa et lata 3—4, In variis—praecipue Quercus, : 1220. 74. S. lenta, F. 58, Syn. Car. 28, Salem et Bethl. Nostra quae exacte refert Iconem Todei, omnino ad Glebosas pertinet—et frequens est Bethl., affinis quidem Sphaeriae nostrae contor- tae, tamen ostiolis eleyatis, forma regulari ac loco in ipso ligno nec in cortice distinguenda. *1221. 75. S. sutraurea, L. y. S., rara, in cortice insidens, Salem nec Pennsyly. Vou. IV.—2 Y 194 SYNOPSIS OF S. tenuior, subcarnosa, demum exsiccata cornea, varie in margine tenui sulibero lobata, sulphurea. Stromate interno albido. Peritheciis crebris, globoso-depressis, immersis, luteofuscescentibus. Ostiolis concoloribus sparsim in depressis foveolis superficiei externae ceterum laevigatae sitis, papillatis. Recens omnino separabilis a cortice, quo ad semiuncialem longitudinem effusa, arcte sequens inaequalitates corticis subjacentis forma quadam subrotunda. Quodammodo S. citrinae affinis, ; *1222.. 76. S. Canrzs, L. v. S., non dissimilis var. y S. deustae in lignis cariosis, Bethl. S. vix separabilis, subrotunda aut elongatim effusa, crassiuscula, ambitu sublobato, aterrima. Super- ficie undulatim inaequali, rugosa. Ostiolis crebris, obtuse conicis, demum pertusis. Peritheciis majusculis subdepressis, in stromate parco nigrescente. Sphaeriam serpentem primo adspectu referens. Longitudine semi—aut unciali. An hujus tribus ? tamen superficialis est. *1223. 77. S. auaprara, L. vy. S., insuper corticem Rhoidum variorum Bethl. S. crassa, eleyata, abbreviata, plus minus quadrata, tamen saepe irregulariter sublobata; basi affixa cortici, et in ambitu praedita margine acutiusculo. Superne applanato-undulata, rugosa. Peri- theciis paululum tantum circa ostiola in superficie prominulis, majusculis, pyriformibus, ime immer- sis in stromate albido-pallido, nee tamen ad basin usque. © Ostiolis- brevissimis, apertis, pertusis. Primum sordide olivacea, demum nigra. Pulvinuli minores tam crassi, ut quasi cupulati stipitati apparent. “1224. 78. S. conrorta, L. v. S., frequens in Corticibus Quercus et Pyri Mali in Carolina, Pennsyly. et New York. . cortice solummodo stipiti papillaeformi affixa, quamvis arcte illi adpressa, Jibera in ambitu varie . lobata, et omnino lobis contortis, fere Lichenis ad instar. Crusta corticali nigra subtus badia, inclu- ditur Stroma albo-lutescens, subpulverulentum centro satis crassum,in ambitu attenuatum. Perithe- ciis crebris minutis globosis, sub hoc cortici externo nidulantibus, non ime immersis stromati, in superficie inde subgranuloso subelevatis, irregulariter. Ostiolis minutis. Inferne cortex sterilis eva- dit. Colore primum yiridi-atro, mox nigrescente. Sphaeria tota ad quartam pariem unciae ex- tensa. Saepe pluria individua caespitosim aggregata sunt. Affinis S. lentae nostrae sed multo major. Eximia species. ‘ *1225. 79. S. suntopaTa, L. y. S., ex eadem familia S, lentae ; in cortice Platani, Bethl. S. minor, elevata, scutellaeformis, levissime insidens, margine obtuso, lobato-repando, ex atro suboli- vascens. Superficie applanata, rugulosa. Peritheciis subperiphaericis monostichis lutescentibus, immersis stromate lutescenti. Ostiolis impressis. Diametrum 2—3 linearum non excedit. *1226. 80. S. suparrixa, L. vy. S., primo adspectu yarietatem S. stigmatis refert. Frequens in ramis dejectis pyrinis Bethlehem. S. transyersim subambiens ramulos, crassa, elevata, ligno adnata, more S. numulariae, applanata, ple- rumque orbiculata, margine sterili, sed non libero. Superficie externa subrugosa atra. Peritheciis, stipatis, oblongis, stromate parco circumdatis. Ostiolis crassiusculis, non impressis, conice protrusis. Long. et lat 4—1 unciali; saepe confluens. Primum epidermide cincta, demum denudata. *1297. 81. S. Anremistar, L.v. S., proxima S. repandae F. in emortuis Artemisiarum ram. Bethl. S. minor, bilinearis, ovata, subangulata, subcupulata et marginata ex epidermide stellatim revoluta erumpens, 2—3 confluentes. Aterrima disco rugoso opaco, ostiolis parum prominentibus umbili- catis crebris. Stromate aterrimo, in quo nidulant perithecia globosa minuta cava. Tota sphaeria quasi libera, insidens libro corticali, utrinque nigra, rugosa, Non omnino confluens sed potius invicem adpressae sunt sphaerulae. nm Trib. 6. Liexosar. 1228. 82. S. bullata, F. 59, Syn. Car. 55, etiam Bethl. Coryl. 1229. 83. S. undulata, F. 60, Syn. Car. 40, frequens et. Bethl. 1230. 84. S. stigma, F. 61, Syn. Car. 41, frequentissima ubique. & quadricocca, rarior Pennsyly. y decorticata, rarior ibidem. : Mire variat haec species. Numet S. subaffixa nostra varietas sit hujus ? 1231. 85. S. prarysroma, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 43, F. 62, freq. et Pennsylv. 1232. 86. S. arnorunecrara, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 44, F. 63, multo rarior occurrit haec species memora- bilis Pennsylvania quam Carolina. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 195 1238. 87. S. Ronrntaz, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 61, F. 65, frequens etiam Pennsylvania—sed valde poly- morpha saepissime Sphaeriam alienae sectionis referens. #1284. 88. S. pilulifera, F. 66, in truncis Acerinis Salem et Pennsylvania passim. *1235. 89. S. rhytostoma, F. 67, distinctissima in cortice trunci Pruni hyemalis Bethlehem rarius. *1236. 90. S. euphoraea, F. 69, vulgaris in quercinis ramis etiam fagineis Beth]. 1237. 91. S. disciformis, F. 68, Syn. Car. 31, vulgatissima. #1288. 92. S. anrnorrurnosa, L. y. S., cum sequente, affinis duabus prioribus. In ramulis fagineis, New Jersey obvia. S. orbicularis, primum plana, demum he eicelieineess cortice stellatim cincta, disco primum dense albo-pruinoso, pulverulento, demum subfuscescente. Ostiolis quasi in poris sparsis impressis. Peritheciis tenuiter corticatis, ovatis, in collum nigrum perforatum attenuatis. Stromate albo-ceraceo. Minor est S. disciformi. *1239. 93. S. virescens, L. y. S., colore bene distincta a S~ disciformi persistente viridi, passim Caro- lina et Pennsylv. ramis Sectors: é S. orbiculata, major, valde elevata, tamen applanata. Disco omnino tecto pruina aut pulvere luteo-virenti, demum quidem detergibili, sed colorem servans viridem. Peritheciis paucis majuscu- lis, globoso depressis ; tegumento corticali crasso nigro praeditis, in collum breyiter attenuatis, stro- mate candido-ceraceo circumdatis. Ostiolis nigris quadricoccis in superficie virenti prominulis. Ad basi arcte cincta epidermide non stellatim fisso. *1240. 94. S. aspersa, F. 70, var @ fusca. Major fungo Friesii, ceterum quadrans. Bethlehem in quercinis ramis. *1241. 95. S. favacea, F. 71, frequens, Bethlehem et Salem. * 1242. 96. S. verrucaeformis, F. 72, Syn. Car. 56 et Bethl. 1243. 97. S. Cersatanrar, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 59, F. 73, freq. et Bethl. 1244. 98. 8. Lintopenpni, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 60, F. 74, nondum Pennsyly. 1245. 99. S. Ruots, L. vy. S., Syn. Car, 62, F. 75, frequens in Rhoi radicante etiam Pennsylvania. "1246. 100. S. flavovirens, F. 76, ex amicissimo Torrey solummodo accepi in cortice Betulae populi- foliae ex Nova Anglia. *1247. 101. S. prorwmpens, F. 77, in ramis Robiniae Bethl. 1248. 102. S. uda, F. 78, Syn. Car. 81, frequens et. Bethl. *1249. 103. S. niscrera, L. v. S. Frequenterper corticem ad ipsum lignum penetrans, cui adnatum, in truncis et ramis praesertim majoribus. Malorum (rarissime in Carolina) mihi obvia est species dis- tinctissima. Interdum occurrit remanens et vigens in ipso ligno, cortice omnino dejecto, plerumque per corticem penetrat. Major, nulli nisi sequenti affinis. Olim amicis perperam ut S. nostra dis- . eincola caroliniana rarissima, nec Pennsylvania inventa communicavi. » S. abnormis orbiculata, cortice concrescens et per corticem penetrans, nigro-circumscripta, basi firmiter ligno ipso affixa. Quasi pyxidem format e crusta nigro-ferruginea confecta, basin versus contractam in pedicellum crassum nigro circumscriptum in ligno. amen faciliter e ligno separabilis, linquens orbiculum nigro ei circumscriptum in loco, basi pyxidis aut cupulae separata planissima. -Cupula aut pyxis perithecia includens omnino lignosa, ferruginea, e massa corticali. ~Disco 4 - unciali, marginato, concavo ex albo-cinerascente, subpurpurascente crustaceo frustuloso, stellatim cincto frustulis epidermidis inseparabiliter adhaerentibus. Ostiolis’papillatis in disco vix prominulis. Peritheciis majusculis ovatis monostichis lineam longis, collo in ostiola attenuatis, immersis in stro- mate albidiori immixta lignoso. Tota sphaeria saepe et } unc. alta ac lata. Copiosim infestat ramos diu persistens—primum per corticem penetrans et quasi verrucis excayatis superficiem variolans, demum ramum deorbans. “1250. 104. S. sxcavara, L. y. S. Affinis priori, sed nunquam ex cortice separabilis, transyersim erumpens, rarior in Cortice Prunorum, Bethl. — S. elliptico-orbiculata, cortice non stellatim sed quasi margine acuto subelevato cincta, et cum epi- dermide protusa. Disco ime excayato concaya, nigra, non in disco crustacea ut prior, foveolis autem multis minutis sparsis punctata, in quorum fundo nidulant ostiola. Ceterum ut prior cortice quodam proprio nigro pyxidiforme inclusa, ad ipsum lignum penetrans, nec tamen eadem altitudine, nam vix dimidiam partem excedit, nunquam formam substipitatum exhibens. Cupula pyxidiformis parte inferiori farcta pseudo stromate lignoso—superiori magis vero stromate. In hac nidulant perithecia rariora majuscula pyriformia, in collum splendentem nigrum attenuata, occupantia mediam 196 SYNOPSIS OF partem stromatis. Magnitudine prioris. Species ambo valde memorabiles, ulterior multo rarius quam prior. *1251. 105. S.susconcava, L. v. S., etiam affinis prioribus sed multo minor: gregatim et saepe con- fluens prorumpit ex ramis Viburni dentati, Bethl. S. minor (1—3 lin.) elevata, erumpens, undique cincta cortice fisso, includens quasi in cortice crus- taceo nigro proprio, perithecia pauca majuscula, globoso-depressa, fere totam Sphaeriam interne occupantia, stromatis circumdantis fere expertia. Disco subconcavg, subrugoso, atro. Ostiolis globoso-papillatis, elevatis, raris, concoloribus, interdum confluentibus—collo breviusculo connexis cum peritheciis, sacculo albo distincto intus praeditis. *1251. 106. S. smrtactcoxna, L. v. S., rarior in emortuis ramis Smilacis rotundifoliae, Salem. S. subpulvinatim effusa, epidermide insidens, margine quoddam sterili sublobato in ambitu praedita, quo arcte adhaeret ligno—lineam nigram linquens. Peritheciis paucis, prominulis in superficie nigra, intus nigris aut nigrofuscis. Stromate parco pulverulento. Longitudine 1—3 lineari occurrit, saepe in centro adeo elevata ut formam subconicam induit. *1252, 107. S. erisza, L. v. S., rarior in lignis cortice orbatis—S. stigmatis vicinitate, Bethl. S. oblonga, effusa, subconcava, ligno innato-immersa utrinque acuminata, undique et ime linea nigra circumscripta, medio satis crassa et ibi exhibens stroma albo-griseum, in ambitu tenuior, stromate vixdistinguendo. Peritheciis applanatis, crebris, minutissimis, nigris, stromati immersis. Superficie externa albogrisea, frustulatim rimosa, ostiolis subumbonatis obtusis griseis prominentibus. Uncia- lem diametrum saepe attingit. *1253. 108. S. spissa, L. vy. S., in ligno exsiccato rimoso quercino, Bethl. satis frequens. S. longitudinaliter rimis ligni quasi inspissa, valde angusta et utrinque acuminata, nigrescens. Medio satis elevato, superficie e peritheciis prominentibus, valde rugos. Stromate yix ullo. Peritheciis ipso ligno immersis, ostiolis subconice elevatis. Saepe ad semiunciam protracta. *1954. 109. S. concoxor, L. y. S., in ramis Vaccinii corymbosi Bethlehem sub epidermide. S. more crescendi Sph. stigmati approximatur ; multo minor, undulatim effusa, tenuis, 4 lineari cras- sitie ; superficie quanquam undulata, tamen laevi, et omnino concolor libro, rufo-brunnea, quasi ut tumor illi innata. Interdum cinerascit; seriatim punctata ostiolis minutis nigris subimpressis. Stromate subpulverulento albescenti. Peritheciis densis nigris ovatis, invyicem adpressis, intus niten- tibus. Omnino memorabilis. 712955. 110. S. enreroxantaa, L. v. S., exramis dejectis Castaneorum prorumpens, Bethl. S. epidermide stellatim fissa cincta, valde elevata, turbinato-difformis, prorumpens pulvinulis subcon- fluentibus, valde tortis et compressis, extus basin versus nigrescentibus, parte superiori intumes- centet-urbinato-fuscescentibus, plicato-rugosis. Ostiolis sparsis raris punctiformibus. Peritheciis majusculis obovatis compresso-stipatis, immersis stromate flavo et rubro tincto pulveraceo. Cortice proprio peritheciorum aterrimo. Gregatim crescit pulvinulis plerumque bilinearibus. #1956. 111. S. Ripzsra, L. y. S., rarissima in truncis emortuis Rib. rubri. Salem inventa. Non eadem cum Dothidea F. S. effusa, confluens e pluribus pulvinulis aggregatis. Superne e copia ostiolorum prominentium rugosissima. Ostiolis ipsis crassis brevibus, difformibus, ore longitudinaliter aperto, hysteriiforme. Peritheciis majusculis, plerumque oboyatis in stromate parco subalbescenti. Prorumpens ex epi- dermide, sed ligno ipso adnata plagis, ad longitudinem uncialem, 4 unciali latitudine confiuentibus. Trib. 7. VensarTIzes. *1257. 112. S. scabrosa, F. 79, passim ad ligna Bethl. 1258. 113. S. podoides, F. 79, 8, Syn. Car. 48, freq. et Bethl. *1259. 114. S. irregularis, F. 80, rara in quere. ram. Bethl. 1260. 115. S. friabilis, F. 81, Syn. Car. 53, etiam Bethlehem. 1261. 116. S. sordida, F. 82, Syn. Car. 52, vulgaris Bethl. 1262. 117. S. quercina, F. 84, Syn. Car. 50, vulgaris Bethl. *1263. 118. S. lanciformis, F. 85, passim ad cortices, Bethl. 1264. 119. S. ferruginea, F. 86, Syn. Car. 89, in lignis Castan. freq. #1265. 120. S. versatilis, F. 90, traversim in Pruno Bethl. *1266. 121. S. ceratosperma, F. 81, Salem et Bethl. 71267. 122. S. Hystrix, F. 89, rarior in Acerinis, Salem. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 197 1268, 123. S. insitiva, F. 93, Syn. Car.37, frequens in Vitibus, Salem ac Pennsylyv. *1269. 124. S. napicanis, L. v. S., rarissime in radicibus emersis Fagorum Salem. S. minuta, prorampens, pulvinulis minoribus cinnabarinis, irregularibus, subgyrosis (S. gyrosam habitu revocantibus). Sub crusta cinnabarina externa, cortice proprio atro-nitenti. Ostiolis cylin- dricis, intus aterrimis, extus cinnabarinis, passim in superficie elevatis, faciliter deciduis—unde superficies atropunctato evadit, ob ductum atro-nitentem quo peritheciis connectuntur ostiola. Stro- mate subpulyerulento lutescenti. Peritheciis minutis atris stromati irregulariter immersis. Pulvi- nuli vix excedunt bilinearem longitudinem et subrotundi sunt, gregarie erumpunt ex cortice radicum, subinde confluentes. *1270. 125. S. annuxans, L. y. S., rarior in ramulis decorticatis yariis lignis mollioribus, annulatim ra- mulum cingens inyenta Salem et Bethl. Ss. subpustulata, annulatim confluens circum circa ramulum decorticatum, rarius solitaria. Pulvinulus quisque formam induit subconico-truncatam, ceterum lanciformis, concrescens cum fibris ligni, iisque longitudinaliter subtectus. In truncatura prominent ostiola, crebra, crassa, brevia, macrosto- mata. Peritheciis in stromate albo, collis atris brevibus in ostiola abientibus. Lignum saepe circum circa crusta quadam nigra induit. Inyenitur etiam interdum longitudinaliter confluens, nec annula- tim et saepe vestita in superficie pube fuscescente. Linea nigra in ligno circumscripta. *1271. 126. S. couzecra, L. vy. S., frequens in ramis junioribus Mori albae Bethl. S. minor, sparsa non confluens, pulyinulis subrotundis conyexis, elevatis, atris, subruguloso-punctatis in superficie ; Ostiolis indistinctis prominulis, stellatim epidermide cinctis. Peritheciis minutis _ globosis in stromate satis crasso aterrimo, sed non ad basin immersis. _ Pulvinulis 14 lin. longis et latis. *1272. 127- S. vaniotosa, L. y. S., frequens in ramis junioribus Populiitalici, &c.ex epidermide pro- rumpens, longe lateque confluens, et eam quasi variolosum reddens. Bethlehem. S. gregarie confluens, primum omnino epidermide tecta, nisi circum ostiola,demum subprorumpens, epidermide tamen hinc inde. adhaerente. aliesnniea satis eleyatis, atris, rugosis, irregularibus. Ostiolis crebris, brevibus, difformibus. Peritheciis oboyatis aut pyriformibus majusculis, immersis, pluribus seriebus, stromate candido. Extus atra, juniore aetate tamen cum ostiolis cinerascente- pulveracea. "1973. 128. S. susconrtvsns, L. y. S., transversim in ramis putridis Celastyi | prorumpens Bethlehem. Affinis secundum descriptionem S. dispari Friesii. Ambit inter Versatiles et Confluentes. S. transversim prorumpens aut longitudinaliter, forma orbiculata aut difformi, aterrima, valde protu- berans, basi tantum epidermide cincta, crusta nigra circum circa effusa sub epidermide. In superiori parte pulvinuli aut caespites, perithecia subirregularia sed plerumque angulata, angulis acutis, adeo prominent, ut fere singula referunt, punctato-rugosa, papillata, demum pertusa. Intus perithecia globoso-oyata se ostendunt, immersa stromate parco, ex corticali substantia, aut ex subjacenti crusta nigra orto. *1274. 129. S.osscuna, L. v. S., rarius obvia in lignis quercinis igni destinatis, Bethl. S. majuscula, sparsa, immersa in libro, per epidermidem stellatim fissam prorumpens. Crusta fuli- ginea late effusa tecta, tubercula efficit satis elevata, obtusa, subconica aut difformia, fusco-ferru- ginea, ostiolis indistinctis. Peritheciis flexuoso-gyrosis difformibus, fuligineis, per ductum album et excayatum cum tuberculo connexis. Stromate ex materia corticis. *1275. 130. S. sampuctvora, L. v.S. Copia ingenti infestans ramos dejectos minore Sambuci cana- densis. _Affinis S. scabrosae, Bethlehem. S. emergens, demum superficialis, nigricans, longitudinaliter aggregatim confluens, quasi maculas elatiores efficiens, demum omnino cortice dejecto, superficie inaequali rugosa nec tamen crustacea exhibetur. Tuberculis singulis ovatis aut difformibus. Peritheciis majusculis, numerosis, poly- _ Stichis, nigris, stipatis in quoque tuberculo. Stromate candido pulverulento statu vegeto circum- data. Ostiolis polygonis, prominulis, demum irregularibus, ime umbilicatis. Pro more secundum locum in ipso ligno aut cortice mire variat forma. Singulis tuberculis 2—3 linearis 1 alt.—sed ple- rumque occupantibus plures uncias longitudinaliter aggregatis. ~ Trib. 8. ConcrEscEntEs. 1276. 131. S. piscrxcota, L. y. S., Fr. 97, Syn. Car. 63. Hane speciem distinctissimam nunquam Vou. IV.—2 Z 198 SYNOPSIS OF Pennsylvania inveni—et quidem specimina Caroliniana omnia Botanophilis Europaeis communicayi, ita ut mihi nunc desunt. Omnino alia quam S. disereta hujus libelli—olim pro ea sumpta. 1277. 132. S. spinosa, F. 98, Syn. Car. 84 et 85, nam S. horrida nilaliud. At sententia Friesii, p. 369, sequentem etiam nil aliud esse mihi non placet. Species est loco, forma perdistincta frequens Pennsylv. 1278. 133. S. razrormis, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 47 et 86, S. penicillosa cum priori jungenda sed non cum S. spinosa. Haec nostra nunquam in lignis, semper autem et quidem saepe ad 8—9 pedalem lon- gitudinem in cortice crescit. ° 1279. 134. S. spiculosa, F.99, Syn. Car. 83, rarius occurrit et in Pennsylvania ramis salicinis cortice orbatis. 1280. 135. S. lata, F. 100, Syn. Car. 66, vulgaris etiam Pennsylva. cum varietate 8 polycocca. *1281. 136. S. maura, F. 101, frequens Bethlehem in ramis decorticatis. *1282. 137. S. lejoplaca, F. 102, rarius, Hope, New Jersey., *1283,. 138. S. miliaria, F. 103, rarius in vetusto ligno ibidem. *1284. 139. S. decipiens, F. 104, passim in cortice, Bethlehem. *1285. 140. S. subcutanea, F. 105, sub epidermide juniorum ramorum Ribis, Bethl. *1286. 141. S. infernalis, F. 106, optima species, Bethl. 1287. 142. S.acunzava, L. vy. S., valde affinis S. spiculosae, sed semper et quidem frequentissime in caulibus emortuis maximarum Herbarum praesertim Phytolaccae, rarius Umbellatarum occurrit Bethl. ac Salem—longissime effusa. S. longissime ac indeterminatim effusa, crusta tenui nigra, primum tecta epidermide tenerrimo per quem protruduntur ostiola longa teretia, initio tenui tum incrassata, et caulem talem tactu quasi aculeatum reddunt, demum epidermide orbata. Peritheciis omnino expertibus stromatis, ligno - caulino ime immersis, depresso-globosis, atris, sparsis. Ostiolis longissimis, saepe aetate difformibus, decumbentibus ac diffractis. Perithecia nunquam prominent. Saepe circumdat caules ad pedalem longitudinem. Quanquam species caulicola, ob summam affinitatem cum ceteris hujus sectionis, nullimodo ab his separanda.’ : 8 artemisicola, paulo crassior omnibus partibus, in caulibus emortuis Artemisiarum Horti. 1288. 143. S. Visunni, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 58, F. 107, et. Pennsylv. 1289. 144._S. Drosrynt, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 57, F. 108, nondum Pennsyly. 1290. 145. S. Virrcona, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 64, F. 109, non in Pennsyly. 1291. 146. S. Fimeti, F.110, Syn. Car. 158, caute distinguenda a S. stercorea simplici. Carol. et Pennsyly. *1299. 147. S. lineata, F. 111, rara Bethl. obvia. 1293. 148. S. arqurrineants, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 116, F. 113, solummodo Carolina in Berberidis canad. *1294. 149. S. oppansa, F. 114. Ob crustam gelatinosam distincta. In cortice salicino, Bethl. 1295. 150. S. pawnosa, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 172, F. 115 et. Bethl. elegans obvia. *1296. 151. S. floccosa, F. 116, in Sambuci ramis, Bethl. 1297. 152. S. velata, F. 117, Syn. Car. 80, ramis tiliaceis Carol. *1298, 153. S. crustata, F. 119, rarius Carolina in ramis. *1299. 154. S. subtecta, F. 120, Bethlehem passim sub epiderm. ~ "1300. 155. S. recondita, L. v. S., sub epid. Ribis floridae Bethl. S. primum cortice tecta, peritheciis ime reconditis in ligno, depresso-globosis, protrudentibus ostiola longissima rudia per corticem, passim per epidermidem prorumpentia et demum eum dejicientia. Tunc in conspectum venit crusta quadam nigra sub epidermide effusa indeterminatim, quae manifes- tim ex gelatina sporidifera sparsa orta est. "1301. 156. S. concrescens, L. y. S., species admodum distincta solummodo obyia in emortuis ramulis Ribidis aureae Hortorum Bethl. s. crusta quadam ex massa corticis orta nigro-fusca tecta ; transversim erumpens forma orbiculata aut utrinque angustata per epidermidem, disco quasi excavato, substellatim epidermide cincta et mar- ginibus subelevatis praedito, bi- yel tri-lineari. In hac crusta, concrescunt perithecia numerosa, basi immersa, globoso-depressa, minuta, superne attenuata in ostiola cylindrica, crassiuscula, pro. minula. Peritheciis intus albo-farctis, demum formam mutantibus et quasi conico-cylindricis. Affi- nis S. reconditae, at habitu excayato disci bene distincta. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 199 *1302. 157. S. Mort nvprag, L. vy. S., in ligno putrido Mori rubrae Bethlehem. An ad Tribum Con- natarum? = S. nuda, crassiuscula, vix concrescens, sed semi-immersa, interdum plagis inaequalibus } uncialibus confluens, interdum subsimplex. Superficie valde inaequali rugosa, ostiolis subprominulis, perforatis. Peritheciis majusculis monostichis immersis stromati fuligineo-nigro. Extus tota nigra. “1303. 158. S. exeyans, L. v. S., in truncis denudatis Rhois glabri Bethlehem, secundum descriptionem affinis S. lignyotae Friesii. S. tecta, sed non cortice, sed fibris ipsis ligni, quibuscum longe lateque assurgit, superficiem nigro- tingens et inaequalem reddens. Peritheciis stromate fuliginoso-pulverulento tectis, majusculis, globoso-depressis, circum ostiola majuscula quasi radiatim subcircinantibus. Superficies tactu exas- parata ostiolis prominentibus. *1304. 159. S. n1voxosa, L. v. S., satis affinis S. maurae in dejectis Lauris aestiv. Bethl. S. longissima, (pedalis) et lata, (uncialis) effusa, ligno primum subimmersa, inde ex fibris elevatis cinerascente, demum fere omnino emergens, ambitu effigurato, superficie rivulosa et undulata, provectiori aetate, longitudinaliter angustim sulcata, colliculosa et tune aterrima. Ostiolis in sulcis prominentibus, atris, subcylindricis, longiusculis, apice subtruncatis, rugosis perforatis. Peritheciis majusculis globosis, arcte stipatis, Stromate fuligineo tectis, monostichis. Stroma superne albescit. "1305. 160. S. ztoncaro-compnessa, L. y. S., seriatim provenit in ligno denudato, Bethl. S. plagis abbreviatis, valde elevatis, primum subimmersis compressis, ac seriatim longitudinaliter con- fluentibus, rugosis subdifforme-ellipticis, centro compresso subconice elevato. Ostiolis difformi- bus parum prominentibus subglabris. Peritheciis globoso-depressis, paucis, majusculis fere experti- bus stromatis, quod stroma ceterum nigrescit. Lignum quasi colliculosum reddit, sed non nigrescit inter plagas. . *1306. 161. S. conrusa, L. v. S., in cortice et ligno Bethl. S. late effusa, non ime immersa, concrescens, subeffigurata, atra. Peritheciis polystichis, superim- positis stromate fuliginoso, pulveraceo; obovatis, abientibus in ostiola rugosa subpyramidata angulato- aspera, demum pertusa. *1307. 162. S. penrerava, L. vy. S., in denudato ligno Rhododendr. max. Bethl. S. late effusa, crustacea, crusta tenui nigra denigrans lignum. In hac observantur verrucae longitudi- naliter elongatae ac parallelae subconfluentes ex congerie peritheciorum ortae, quae hisimmersae, et serie erumpunt per ostiola minuta difformia parum eleyata. Peritheciis ipsis albo-farctis depresso- globosis, sparsis in massa crustae immersis. *1308. 163. S. mera, L. v. S., aff. S. latae Bethl. in ligno quercino denudato. S. longe lateque effusa, crusta nigra, parum elevata saepe (an a fungo parasitico) superficie sub dema- ’ tiosa ; satis aequabili, aut tantum inaequabili ex subjacentis ligni rimis. Peritheciis nidulantibus in ipso ligno, non tamen ime immersis, globosis, subdepressis, extus fuscescentibus subnitentibus, collo longiusculo penetrantibus per crustam. Ostiolis conice polygonis, nigris, subsulcatis, elevatis. Trib. 9. CrncumscRIPTAE. _ 1309. 164, S. Saccuxus, L. v. S., Syn. Car, 26, F. 123, truncis majoribus Bignoniae radicantis Carolina nec alibi. 1810. 165. S. Brenonraz, L. v.S., Syn. Car. 25, F. pag. 379, Cl. Friesius imperfecta tantum speci- mina vidit. Loco citato diagnosis nostra et descriptio non bona. S. mire varians. Junior pustulata ferragineo-nigra, minor, conceptaculum formans sub corticem ceteris hujus tribus non dissimile, cortice fibroso subimmerso, ostiolis umbilicatis cylindricis prominentibus. Demum in formam oblongam conerescens at 1—2 unciarum longitudinem e rimis longitudinaliter prorumpens, apicibus conceptaculorum truncatis. In truncatura conspiciuntur ostiola brevia crassa irregularia. Peritheciis mediocribus stromati cinereo-carneo immersis, *1311. 164. S. gastrina, F. 124, rara in ignoto ligno, Bethl. 1312. 165. S. prunastri, F. 126, Syn. Car. 91, etiam Pennsyly. *1313. 166. S. stellulata, F. 128, in Ulmo et Platano, ibid. *1314. 167. S. enteroleuca, F. 129, ramis denudatis, Bethl. *1315. 168. S. extensa, F. 130, ibidem, Bethl. *1316. 169. S. anomia, F. 131, frequenter occurrit in ramis Robiniae, Bethl. 200 SYNOPSIS OF *1317. 170. S. monadelpha, F. 132, rarior in fere destructis ramis Prunorum, Bethlehem, &c. Nova Anglia misit Torrey. . 1318. 171. S. Scopanra, L. y.S., Syn. Car. 101, F. 125, rara Carolina. *1319. 172. S. Harsryana, L. v. S., rarissima in cortice betulino ab amicissimo Abraham Halsey ex New York communicata. S. major, pustulata, subrotunda, conceptaculis transversim confluentibus, ad longitudinem ac latitudi- nem semiuncialem, aterrimis, 2—3 lineas altis, apice plano-truncatis, undique tuberculosis. Ostiolis cylindricis, brevibus, confertis, cylindricis, crassiusculis, subtuberculosis. Primum epidermide tecta, quae semper arctim adhaeret. Peritheciis intus succenturatis polystichis, stromate albo-fuli- ginoso immersis—Stromate seorsum aucto, omnino fuligineo. Affinis S. scopariae, sed ostiola multo breviora, crassiora, et magis cum conceptaculo concrescentia. *1320. 173. S. haustellata, F. 136, in quercinis ram. Bethl. 1321. 174. S. syngenesia, F. 133, Syn. Car. 99, tumida; et Bethl. 1322. 175. S. Pueitius, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 107, F. 135, in putrido ligno etiam Pennsylvania obyia,~ quanquam rara. *1323. 176. S. cerviculata, F. 136, vulgaris Bethl. *1324. 177. S. fibrosa, F. 139, in cortice Ulm. Bethl. 1325. 178. S. corniculata, F. 138, Syn. Car. 97, Carolina. 1326. 179. S. Carpini, (Betuli) F. 140, Syn. Car. 96, et. Pennsyly. *1327. 180. S. lixvivia, F. 141, in cortice Juglandis cinereae, Bethl. 1328. 181. S. sucnannicora, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 102, F. 142, etiam passim Pennsyly. in Juglandis tomentosae et albae cortice. *1329. 182. S. Fnusrrum Cont, L. y. S., rarius in radicibus arborum prominentibus, Bethl. S. cortice innata, ex epidermide radicis prorumpens; conceptaculis nigris exacte forma frustrum coni referentibus, apice truncatis, furfure pulveraceo rubiginoso in truncatura tectis, ex quo prominent ostiola cylindrica perforata, nigra. Stromate intus omnino deficiente, conceptaculum totum exple- tum peritheciis pyriformibus arcte stipatis, quasi circinatim dispositis et in collum conjunctis, cireum- datis materia corticali. Basi yix circumscripta. *1330. 183. S. Toxrcr, L. v.S., frequens in sarmentis et ramis Rhois radicantis. S. conceptaculis majusculis, subrotundis, nigris rugosis, primum tectis, demum cortice orbatis, saepe longitudinaliter confluentibus. Ostiolis centro aggregatis, teretibus obtusis; interdum difformibus et apice quasi stellatis. Peritheciis oblongis, stipatis seorsum in collum junctis, fuligineis nec nigris. Stromate parco albescenti, demum fuligineo circumdatis. Basi conceptaculiclausa. Wariat mag- nitudine. *1331. 184. S. nupixcoxa, L. vy. S., frequens in stipitibus Rubi in hortis dejectis et jam fere consumptis putridine, Bethl. S. interiori cortice adnata, demum excussata, foveolas linquens ; orbiculata, centro depressa ubi assur- gunt ostiola rugosa ; gregatim confluens, priori satis affinis. Primum epidermide tecta et tam ime in cortice defossa ut sola ostiola prominent, demum assurgensac omninoliberata. Peritheciis majus- culis, paucis, depresso-globosis, stromate albo-pulverulento circumdatis. Conceptaculum interdum coronatum est unico ostiolo, cylindrico, ore dilatato—interdum pluribus divergentibus. "1332. 185. S. atxosroma, L. y. S., in disco et ad latera trunci magni caesi Robiniae prope Lancaster obvia, valde polymorpha. Etiam ex Nova Anglia Dr Torrey communicavit. Primo adspectu con- ceptacula ubi maxime confluunt varietatem S. spinosae referunt. S. primum ligno ipso immersa, longe lateque confluens, ostiolis tantum globoso-stellatis, prominenti- bus; demum assurgens et fere libera. Conceptaculis tum utin prioribus, sed magis et quidem latitudine etiam confluentibus. Ostiolis rigidis, tereti-difformibus, apice plerumque dilatatis. Peri- theciis majusculis, stipatis, fere omnino sine stromate, collo in ostiola abientibus. Plagae concepta- culorum confluentium, demum quasi crusta conjunctae et ei insidentes. Hoc modo crescendi maxime a prioribus distat. *1333. 186. S. ox1costoma, L. y. S., frequens in interiori cortice ramorum Castaneorum epidermide orbato, Beth]. S. minor, orbiculata, pustulata, Conceptaculo saepe concentrice annulato, medio depresso, nigro, in collum crassiusculum attenuato, in cujus apice conspiciuntur ostiola minuta, parum prominula, saepe ce ‘a NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 201 unicum. Peritheciisimmersis stromati mere e corticis substantia ferrugineo, minutis adpressis, sacculo albo conspicuo. Versus basin conceptaculo subevanido. Affinis S. ferrugineae. *1334. 187. S. amonrnostoma, L. vy. S., rarius in cortice Gleditsiae, Bethl. cultae. S. tecta, ostiolis solummodo prominulis, compresso-difformibus, corneis, tuberculosis, fuscescentibus, saepe quasi villosis (ex Cladosporio quodam parasitico?): ceterum conceptacula sparsa, cortice innata nec confluentia. Peritheciis majusculis pro ratione, globosis, in collum longiusculum junctis, et intus stromate fuliginoso circumdatis. Ut prior species basin versus conceptaculum quasi eva- nescentem habet. "1335. 188. S. Ranicrum, L. y. S., ex radicibus arborum caesorum defossis ac aere expositis Bethl. prorumpens. S$. tuberculo aut conceptaculo nigro, basi subrotunda, subelevato, firmo, cortice nempe crasso, apice inaequaliter truncato. Peritheciis crebris, polystichis, oblongis et oboyatis. Ostiolis cylindricis, stipatis, in disco demum sparsim aut densim protrusis. Stromate parco lutoso intersperso. *1336. 189. S. consruncata, L. y. S., passim in ramis quercinis ad ignem destinatis, Bethl. S. conceptaculo majusculo, nigro, sed externe massa quadam fuscescente conspurcato, basi effuso in crustam concolorem et eodem modo conspureatam. Pluribus saepe confluentibus, sub epidermide rupto, et stellatim revoluto. Peritheciis majusculis, subcircinnantibus in conceptaculo, compressis, collis elongatis conjunctis, et stromate cinereo-fuscescente circumdatis, intus farctis massa subcornea. Disco convexo, nigro, primum fusco-pulyeraceo longe protuberante, demum obliterato ostiolis crebris teretibus spinulosis, aterrimis. *1337. 190. S. monzsra, L. vy. S., prorumpens sub epidermide juniori ramorum Ulmi Bethl. S. Conceptaculo sublibere increscens libro corticis sub epidermide, tuberculum sistens rotundum sub- _ eleyatum; demum prorumpens epidermide reyoluto fisso cinctum. Disco nigro-fuscescente. Ostiolis nigris subprominulis, Jongiusculis, densis, ex tereti-conicis deciduis, in disco. Stromate cinereo albo quo nidulant perithecia. Diametro conceptaculi 2—3 lineari. F ‘ Trib. 10. Incus 1338. 191. S. nivea, F. 143, Syn. Car. 94, freq. in malis Bethl. 1339. 192. S. leucostoma, F. 145, Syn. Car. 95, in Persicis vulgata. *1340. 193. S. cincta, F. 144, major priori, pustulata in ramis tenerrimis Carolina obvia. *1341. 194. S. melastoma, F. 147, in Malo Bethlehem. 1342. 195. S. microstoma, F. 148, Syn. Car. 98, et. Pennsyly. *1343. 196. S. melasperma, F. 153, Cortice Betul. Pennsyly. 1344. 197. S. scutellata, F. 154, Syn. Car. 92 et. Pennsyly. *1345. 198. S. taleola, F. 157, passim Bethl. ad ramos. *1346. 199. S. profusa, F. 158, in juniorib. Robiniis Bethl. *1347. 200. S. dissepta, F- 159, cortice betulino, Bethl. _ 1348. 201. S. dessella, F. 160, Syn. Car. 114, frequens etiam Pennsyly. in ramis salicinis. Trib. 11. Osvattarar. 1349. 202. S. ciliata, F. 161, Syn. Car. 90, rara et Pennsylv. 6) i SES ae a pugee F. 162, rarissime obyia in ramo pineo Peridermio pini infesto, Camden, New Jersey. 1351. 204. S. coronata, F. 163, Syn. Car. 105, solummodo in Bignonia capreolata (non ut lapso calami in Synopsi dicitur in B, radicanti) Carolina. 1352. 205. $. Lravipamnants, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 103, F. 165, ramulis junioribus Liquid. styraci- fluae. *1353. 206. S. Compronraz, L. v. S., transyersim erumpens ex rimis corticis TA immersa interiori cortice Bethlehem. S. subpustulata, prorumpens more S. tortuosae; tuberculo basi difformi, conice elevato, subtruncato, aterrimo, nigro-farcto. Peritheciis etiam nigro-farctis subcircinnantibus. Ostiolis rugosis longis acu- minatis, conniyentibus. Ambit inter hanc sectionem et sequentem. *1354. 207. S. decorticans, F. 166, in Syringae ram. Bethl. *1355. 208. S. deformis, F. 170, in ramis quercinis, Bethl. *1356. 209. S. leiphaemia, F. 171, freq. Bethl. et Salem. *1357. 210. S. suffusa, F. 172, in cortice Alni et Salicis, Bethl. Vou. IV.—3 A 202 SYNOPSIS OF *1358. 211. S. melastroma, F. 173, cortice Ulmi Salem. 1359. 212. S. turgida, F. 175, Syn. Car. 109, faginea, Pennsyly. et Gar. 71360. 213. S. clopima, F. 176, in virgultis Bethlehem. 1361. 214. S. salicina, F. 177, Syn. Car. 114, et. Pennsyly. 1362. 215. S. Vitts, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 117, F. 178, rarior et. Bethl. 1363. 216. S. capsularis, F. 179, Syn. Car. 106, Carolina. *1364. 217. S. ambiens, F. 182, vulgaris et. Pennsyly. et Carol. *1365. 218. S. leucopis, F. 179, in ramis Syringae, Bethl. 1366. 219. S. stilbostoma, F. 182, Syn. Car. 111 et 113, et. Pennsylv. *1367. 220. S. tessera, F. 183, rara in cortice Coryli Bethl. *1368. 221. S. dolosa, F. 184, in emortuis ramis Celastri. 1369. 222. S. Radula, Syn. Pers.,Syn. Car. 93. Passim a me olim amicis sub nomine S. vulgatissimae communicata. Nullimodo nostra ad S. leiphaemiam pertinet. Fere semper et quidem yulgatissima occurrit plagis latis longisque confluens sub epidermide et arcte tecta, ostiolis solummodo radulan- tibus plus minusve prominentibus—plerumque satis regulariter pentagonis. Peritheciis stromate albicanti, ex corticali massa, circumdatis—sine conceptaculo nec nigro-circumscriptis, majusculis. Caespites ostiolorum quasi seriatim prominent. Variis ramis, in populinis apprime. *1370. -223. S. sphinctrina, F. 174, in cortice Catalpae et Juglandis nigrae rarior, Bethlehem. "1371. 224. S. yarroranra, L. y. S., frequens Bethlehem sub epidermide, v. c. Tiliarum. S. subpustulata, confluens sub epidermide laevi plagis variolosis longis latisque, arcte tecta; ostiolis ex epidermide stellatim fisso prominentibus, in disco primum fuscescente demum obliterato, minus angulatis ac multo brevioribus quam in priori. Peritheciis quidem subérectis circinnantibus, stromate parco, albescente circumdatis absque conceptaculo. Linea nigra, plura individua, saepe totas plagas in ima cortice circumscribens, sectione horizontali facta, observyatur. Multo minus super corticem elevata quam prior. *1372. 225. S. Puarant, L. v. S., frequentissima erumpens ex epidermide Platani, Bethl. S. pustulata plagis maximis aggregata sub epidermide, sed pustulis singulis, multo minoribus quam in prioribus, non revera confluentibus: arcte tecta epidermide circum ostiola stellatim fisso. Ostiolis in fuscescenti disco, primum punctiformibus, demum subprominulis, tum disco obliterato. Stro- mate albescente multo crassiori quam in prioribus et interdum in disco prorumpente. Peritheciis aterrimis splendentibus per stroma quidem assurgentibus sed subtus in ipso cortice, ie stro- mate nidulantibus. Vix nigro-circumscripta. "1373. 226. S. contostoma, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 104, pentagona, non est S. pentagona Personi nec ad tribum Circinnatarum pertinet, aan potius prioribus affinis. Seriatim ac pustulatim ex rimis corti- cis juniorum ramorum Sassafras, Bethlehem ac Salem prorumpit. S. pustulata, arcte epidermide tecta, ostiolis pentagonis seu tetragonis stipatim prominulis, aterrimis, disco nullo. Peritheciis nigris erecto stipatis, circinnatim locatis in ipso cortice absque ullo stromati, junctis in collum breviusculum, quibusdam majusculis aliis multo minoribus: nullimodo circum- scriptis. *1374. 227. S. conserraTa, L. v. S., sub cortice Gleditsiae, Bethl. S. non pustulata, gregarie erumpens, sub epidermide subeffusa, disco primum fusco nigro conyexo, demum obliterato, ostiolis, stellatim angulatis, parum prominentibus. Peritheciis variis subcircinnatim nidulantibus in stromate corticali, albo, absque ullo conceptaculo; sed pluribus caespitulis in unum conseptatis linea nigra, ime in corticem ad ipsum lignum penetrante. "1375. 228. S. rarynirerakg, L. y. S., frequens in junioribus ramis Mori papyriferae Bethl. cultae. S. epidermide tecta, gregatim ambiens ramulos et valde elevans epidermidem, demum stellatim fissam, sub qua conspiciuntur pustulae, disco atro rugoso truncato protruso. Ostiolis demum brevibus, dif- formibus, umbilicatis in disco emergentibus. Peritheciis paucis, majusculis, globosis, in stromate . lacteo albo, conceptaculo quasi incluso, nigro corticato. Caespitulis quidem parvis sed adeo eleyatis, ut ramulum variolosum reddunt. *1376. 229. S. Ceanorut, L. y. S., frequens in emortuis stipitibus Ceanothi, Bethlehem. S. subpustulata, arctim epidermide tecta, solis ostiolis prominentibus, crebris, aterrimis, nitentibus, teretibus, perforatis. Peritheciis suberecto-cireinnantibus, in stromate corticali : albo-farctis, pyrifor- mibus ac difformibus. Pustulae minutae. 14 lineari diametro. *1877. 230. S. rnpistixcta, L. vy. S., in ramis junioribus Sassafras. Proxima S, variolariae, *” NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 203 S. sparsa, sub epidermide tumidulosa et arcte ab epidermide, vix fissa, nec revoluta cincta, Ostiolis solis parum elevatis, angulatis, nigris, crassis, saepe succum nigrum spargentibus, prominentibus. Peritheciis tribus vel quatuor majusculis atris nidulantibus in stromate corticali vix colorato. *1378. 231. S. quapriripa, L. v. S., in ramis et truncis Vaccinii corymbosi, Beth. S. primum obtecta, tractu longitudinali gregarie crescens et tuberculum corticale efficiens, bilineari latitudine, stellatim tectum epidermide adhaerente, satis elevatum. Ostiolis crassis brevibus aterrimis, plerumque quadrifidis, obtusis. Peritheciis majusculis, 3—4 numero, atro-nitentibus, nidulantibus in stromate mere corticali, ovatis, suberectis. Trib. 12. Crrcrnyarva. *1579. 232. S. ciliatula, F. 185, sub libro Betular. Bethl. 1380. 233. S. pulchella, F. 186, Syn. Car. 108 frequens praesertim sub cortice Prunorum. Occurrit Bethlehem denudata et semipollicari diametro circinnans. *1381. 234.°S. aperta, F. 188, sub cortice Populi italicae, Bethl. "1382. 235. S. vasculosa, F. 190, eximia ; Beth. in Pruno. *1583. 236. S. conjuncta, F. 191, etiam in Prunis ibidem. *1584. 237. S. thelebola, F. 193, in Junipero virg. juniori, ibid. 1385. 238. S. umbilicata, F. 194, Syn. Car. 113, et. Bethl. 1386. 239. S. guaternata, F. 195, Syn. Car. 110, et. Pennsyly. *1387. 240. S. furfuracea, F.196, in ramo Tiliae Bethl. *1388. 241. S. vestita, F. 197, ramis Rib. floridae, Bethl. *1389. 242. S. acclinis, F. 198, rara ramis Sassafras, Salem. 1590. 243. S. convergens, F. 199, Syn. Car. 112. In Pennsyly. plerumque obvia in ramis Rosae corymbosae. *1391. 244. S. pusilla, F. 199, b. Bethlehem frequens obvia in societate S. velatae sub cortice Casta- nearum. Saepe ingenti copia aggregata. Olim pluribus sub alio nomine communicayi. *1392. 245. S. abnormis, F. 200, rara Bethl. in Sambuco. 1393. 246. S. pryencens, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 123, F. pag. 426, rara in Liquidambari Carolina. Om- nino ad hune tribum pertinet. Conceptaculum aut receptaculum loco citato descriptum plane accessorium est. Non rara fuscescit. *1394. 247. S. scaprisera, L. v. S., in crusta aliarum Sphaeriarum sub cortice Castaneo rarior Bethlehem. S. irregulariter circinnans, nudiuscula. Peritheciis globosis nigris et fuscis valde tuberculosis. Ostiolis longissimis flexuosis, undique scabris, pilis nempe obsitis minutis fuscjs, subpellucidis. Minor est S. pulchellae cui affinis. Interdum sola ostiola ex epidermide fissa prorumpunt. 71395. 248. S. nurgscEns, L. vy. S., frequens sub epidermide Bhois glabri Salem et Bethl. S. circinnatim nidulans in ipsa corticis substantia, qua rufescente regulariter tecta. Ostiolis centrali- bus longissimis, teretibus, decumbentibus, flexuosis, divergentibus, per rimas epidermidis prorum- pentibus, saepe albo-pruinosis, et quodammodo Cenangium conspersum referentibus. Peritheciis nigtis orbiculatim in foveolis corticalibus absque ullo stromate, depresso-decumbentibus. "1396. 249. S. exprrns, L. vy. S., frequens in ramulis teneris Rosae corymbosae Bethlehem, affinis S. ambienti, sed disci aut ullius stromatis expers. S. immersa, epidermide tecta, peritheciis vix in substantiam corticis penetrantibus, eleganter-orbicula- tim circinnantibus suberectis, nigris, collo brevissimo junctis, disco nullo. Ostiolis brevissimis cras- siusculis, aterrimis, subumbilicatis, prospicientibus ex rimis epidermidis. *1397. 250. S. nmmicora, L. v.S., (oljm S. asplenifolia mihi) passim in rimis tranversalibus ramorum juniorum Comptoniae asplenifoliae Bethlehem. S. circinnata, suberecta, minutissima ; in rimis hiantibus epidermidis aut potius corticis, observantur - pustulae immersae cortice interno rufescenti, et ab eo arcte tectae. Ostiolis aterrimis centralibus teretibus, cylindricis, glabris, arcte stipatis, parum prominulis, pressione peritheciorum sed absque ullo disco invicem junctis. Peritheciis paucis ovato-compressis, albo-farctis. *1398. 251. S. narzrna, L. v. S., in radice Rhododendri—affinis priori, Bethl. S. circinnata, arcte tecta cortice interno, ostiolis teretibus pertusis subdivergentibus, orificio amplo, primum interdum papillato. Peritheciis densim circinnantibus, valde depressis, crebris, olivaceo- nigris, albo-farctis, minutis, nidulantibus in foveolis corticalibus absque ullo stromate. 204 ‘CVISYNORSISMOFataGe = *1399. 252. S. acureans, L. y. S., passim in truncis ramisque on Bethl. pnptiliemetsbus osticlis, ramum tactu quasi 2S reddens. = S. subcircinnata, minor, pustulis undique in ramo sparsis, satis eleyatis cum her te arcte cin- ‘gente. Peritheciis nidulantibus in stromate fuscescente omnino corticali, atris, albo-farctis, subde- cumbentibus aut erectis, in collum longiusculum coalitis. Collo fuscescente protruso, demum ostiolis spinulosis frequentibus obliterato. Ostiolis ipsis teretibus subacutis, primum saepe glauco- pruinosis, aterrimis ceterum. : 2 Trib. 138. Carsprrosar. 1400. 253. y cinnabarina, F. 201, Syn. Car. 118, freq. et. Bethl. *1401. 254. S. verrucosa, L. y. S., frequens in Moro et Sassafras, Bethl. ' re S, caespitosa, in stromate maple incarnata, ac rubro-coccinea. Peritheciis minoribus globosis, basi autem quasi contractis, ubi stromate insident; crebris, vix collabescentibus, circumcirea verru- coso-tubereulosis; ostiolis minutis papillatis. Intus rubris. Differt a priori magnitudine et Pay theciis verrucoso-punctatis, nec tam manifestim decolorantibus. 1402. 255. S. coccinea, F. 202, Syn. Car. 119 et. Bethl. cum variet. 1403. 256. S. Ribis, F. 203, Syn. Car. 121 (appendiculata) et. Pennsyly. 1404, 257. S. populina, F. 205, Syn. Car. 120, etiam Pennsylvania. iv ak *1405. 258. S. micheliana, F. 206, Bethlehem in cort. quercino. *1406. 259. S. conglobata, F. 207, in Corylo Bethl. var. b. te. 1407. 260. S. cucurbitula, F. 209, Syn. Car. 133, vulgaris'Bethl. *1408. 261. S. punicea, F. 210, in Viburno dentato Bethl. ? ? = 1409. 262. S. Berberidis, F. 211, Syn. Car. 129, non in Pennsyly. » 1410. 263. S. varia, F. oe Syn. Car. 128, in prunis et. Bethl. . *1411. 264. S. maucosa, F. 212, rara obvia Bethl. *1412. 265. S. acervaia, F. 214, in ramis populinisibid. 1413. 266. S. cupularis, F. 215, Syn. Car. 132, freq. et. Pennsyly. oe *1414. 267. S. pulicaris, F. 217, ram. puribbeae Bethl. *1415. 268. S. inversa, F. 208, in castaneorum et quercuum ramis praesertim igni destinatis, Beth}. 1416. 269. S. monnosa, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 154, F. 218. Multo frequentius oceurrit Pennsylvania quam Carolina. Haec Sphaeria aeque paradoxa quam lethalis pestis, nobis in plerisque Prunis indi- genis obvia. Nec autem in Pennsylvania, nec in Carolina unquam inyenta, arbores indigenarum specierum destruens. Prunis Cerasis autem cultis, praesertim his, nobis nomine “ Amarellae’”’ morbum lethalem infert. Ante 40 annos hace varietas Cerasorum vulgata erat v. c. Bethlehem. Paucis annis post, fere omnes destructi sunt, combinato furore hujus fungi et Cynipis, operibus cujus semper insidet, et id adeo, ut ,Pomologi nostri ad hanc diem noyos restituere non vyaleant. Interim Pruni variae, e.g. Hungaricae, Reine Claude, &c. nuper introductae et assidue cultae, eximie florebant nec unquam hui¢e morbosae pesti succubuerunt. Nuperrime autem et in his omnibus Cynips, fungusque incepiunt saevire, et quidem magnitudine semper maxime aucta, sis- tentes tumores ad sesquipedalem longitudinem extensos—sed non tam dense onustos peritheciis quam in ramulis Cerasorum inveniuntur. Exoptandum remedium hujus morbi nondum inyentum, *1417. 270. S. rumorum, L. y. S., passim in tumoribus istis ramealibus (an ictu Cynipis ortis) quite rami quercini vigentes, oe totae arbores mire modo infestantur. Bethlehem. 3 S. caespitosa (passim simplex) tumoribus insidens, ex quorum substantia, sine manifesto pebbente quasi prorumpunt. Peritheciis globoso-difformibus, papillatis, rugosissimis, intus albo-farctis. "1418. 271. S. ocarorecca, L.y. S., in variis arboribus frondosis—satis distincta a S. cinnabarina, Bethlehem et Salem. S. caespitosa, stromate obliterato, sed nunquam omnino deficiente. Peritheciis ovatis et obovatis, junioribus subcylindricis, ochroleucis, glabris, minutis, creberrime aggregatis, polystichis, caes- pitulis subeffusis, confluentibus tamen semper subpulvinatim eleyatis : demum passim collapsis sed non pezizoideis, minutim papillatis, intus concoloribus nec unquam decolorantibus. “1419. 272. S. moxuruscuna, L. vy. S., in lignis cariosis emollitis nidulans, in stromate parum clevato, nigro-fusco, in faveolis ligni sito. Substantia peritheciorum primum molliuscula. Salem. S. caespitosa, molliuscula, demum indurata. Stromate applanato ejusdem indolis, peritheciis majus- culis insidentibus, oblongo-oyatis, eleganter fuscis, demum extus pulyerulentis: ostiolis deciduis, NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 205 -brevibus, nigro-nitentibus, peritheciis demum pertusis ore subnitenti-nigro (post dejectionem ostiolorum )—nunquam collapsis Caespituli yix bilineares. Stroma demum pulyeraceum. Quodam- modo abiens ad Periphaericas. d *1420, 273. S. Mezener, L, v. S., ex rimis epidermidis D. Mezerei in hortis, Bethl. S. caespitosa, plerumque flexuosim ex rimis epidermidis prorumpens, insidens stromati plus minusye effuso ex massa corticali nigro-tincta orto. Peritheciis aut omnino separatis (tum ex cylindrico-coni- cis, nigris, basi attenuatis, apice abientibus in ostiola acuta) aut in centro caespituli inter se con- fluentibus. Intus cayis. *1421. 274, S. Cezasrni, L, v. S., in ramentis Celastri scandentis Bethlehem rarior. S. caespitosa, erumpens in stromate Tubercularioideo extus fuscescente, intus pallide lutescenti, sub- pulvinato, et huic circum circa insidens. Peritheciis dense sitis sed non accumulatis, globoso-ovatis, corrugato-rugosis; ostiolis obsoletis, ceterum brunneo-fuscis; magnitudine S. cinnabarinae: Faciliter excedit aeque ac stroma; ab epidermide stellatim fisso circumdantur caespituli regulares. Peri- thecia demum indurescunt sed non collapsa inventa sunt. ’ *1492, 275. S. Jonrrertcoxa, L. v. S., minuta; frequens in cortice Juniperi virginianae Salem et Bethl. ‘S.caespitosa, erumpens, stromate obliterato. Peritheciis pro ratione majusculis paucis in quoque . caespitulo, saepe confluentibus ac globoso-depressis, aterrimis, rugulosis. Ostiolis minutissimis deciduis, tum ore aperto, per quod conspicitur massa interior alba. Faciliter ex epidermide excu- tiuntur perithecia, faveolos linquentia. *1423. 276. S. srieara, L. v. S., etiam in cortice juniperino, Bethlehem. S. caespitosa, caespitulis variis, plurimis minutis, prorumpentibus ex epidermide stellatim fisso; aliis majoribus in rimis corticis sitis, stromate nigro subobliterato. Peritheciis ipsis etiam variis, quibus- dam difforme-globosis majoribus, aliis minutis, omnibus nigris rugulosis. Ostiolis brevibus diffor- mibus, saepe deficientibus; ceterum intus cavis, sacculo fuscescente praeditis, nec albofarctis. Arcte stipata sunt perithecia, nisi in minoribus caespitulis, ubi interdum simplicia occurrunt. "1424. 277. S. pemariosa, L. v. S., frequens in ramulis Platani ac in Mori, affinis S. cinnabarinae sed multo minor, Bethlehem. S. caespitosa, ex epidermide prorumpens, stromati basilari applanato.. Peritheciis paucis globosis, glabriusculis, ex colore rubro in nigro-fuscum decolorantibus, indistincte ostiolatis, collapsis, undique pilis brevissimis subpellucidis dematiosis tectis. Faciliter excutiuntur et faveolos linquent. Caes- pitulis vix semilinearem diametrum superantibus. "1425. 278. S.Sumacut, L. v. S., eximia et majuscula species ad sequentem tribum spectans, rarius sed tum magna copia occurrit in Rhoi glabro (vulgo ** Sumach’”’) Bethl. §. caespitosa, peritheciis subconfluentibus, in stromate nigro, subobliterato. Caespitulis majusculis difformibus ex epidermide prorumpentibus. Junior peritheciis crusta quadam nigra connatis. In adulta fere peritheciis liberis manifestim ostiolatis, majusculis, difformibus et invicem varie com- pressis gaudet. Sacculus internus albus manifestus, includens yigente statu, massam nigram gelati- nosam spermaticam, demum eyacuatus. Caespituli flexuosi ad tres lineas extensi. *1426, 278. S. runens, L. y. S.,in junioribus ramis Robiniae, Bethl. Ss. nigra, peritheciis pubentibus, sed ceterum adec accedit ad S. elongatam sequentis sectionis, ut yix specie distinguenda: *1427. 279. S. Van Vurcxt, L. v. S., passim inventa Salem cum epidermide fibroso Bignoniae radi- . €antis concrescens. Modo crescendi, habitu et adspectu omnino abnormis, unde eam olim pro S. coronata sumpsi. \S. irregulariter caespitosa, in stromate atro, subpulveraceo, cortici interiori, aut ipso ligno subaffixo, ' difformis et faciliter decedente, stroma hoc, crassiusculum, primum omnino tectum epidermide fibroso-subsoluto, peritheciis jam tum evolutis, quibuscum assurgit et truncum infestatum longe lateque quasi variolosum reddit. Denique per fibros prospiciunt ostiola, perithecia et caespituli -ipsi, corticemque dejiciunt. Peritheciis ipis cylindrico-globosis, nigris, rugosis, vix inter se con- fluentibus sed a fibris solutis saepe separatis. Ostiolis longis, rostellatis, intermixtis brevioribus, divergentibus, demum deciduis. Peritheciis juventute albofarctis, demum evacuatis. *1428. 280. S.Hyrenrcr, L. vy. S., rarior Bethlehem in cortice fruticum Hyperici hortis culti, affinis priori quodammodo. . §. caespitosa; junior confluens, demum peritheciis iveriat Caespitulis semper forma utrinque acumi- nata, longitudinaliter confluentibus, seriatim ex epidermide prominentibus. Stromati nigrofusco Vou. IV.—3 B 206 SYNOPSIS OF quasi concavo, insident perithecia nigra, primum connata crusta ex qua sola ostiola protruduntur, demum omnino libera, globosa aut ovata, rugosa, ostiolata sese ostendunt. Ostiolis conico-papillatis, brevibus. Peritheciis evacuatis, intus atris—deciduis saepe ex stromate. Tum stroma, concayum et forma quadam naviculari, foveolis deciduorum peritheciorum notatum, epidermide fisso circum- datum se ostendit. Similitudo quaedam adest juniori aetate cum epaieprie concrescentibus. Caes- pituli minores. *1429. 281. S. arrorusca, L. v. S., in ramis Staphyleae trifoliatae Bethlehem format minores caespites. S. caespitulis lineam vix excedentibus, sed copiosim et tractu lineari prorumpens ex epidermide ab eo stellatim fisso cincta, caespitulis yix confluentibus Peritheciis insidentibus stromati palpabili, tamen faciliter ex materia corticali excusso, ceterum statu vegeto atrofuscis, conicis, subpellucidis, ostiolis simplicibus cum perithecio confluentibus; statu sicciori, collapsis non tamen pezizoideis, sed potius compressim aut omnino irregulariter collapsis, nigrescentibus. Peritheciis minutissimis. *1430. 289. S. panasirans, L. v. S., rara species et valde memorabilis, occupat Tuberculariam in consortio S. cinnabarinae in Robinia Bethl. ; : " S. caespitosa, minuta, parasitans in Tubercularia quam interdum omnino occupat, sibi tamen vindicans stroma proprium nigrum, cui aetate maturo insident perithecia numerosa, se insuper aggregata, aterrima, subconico-difformia, tuberculosa, primum molliuscula, demum collapsa, manifestim osti- olata. Intus plerumque evacuata inveniuntur. Inter mixtam S. cinnabarinam ter minutie ex- cellit. > Trib. 14, Conrivenres. 1431. 283. S. crnosa, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 24, F. 221, specimina pulcherrima amicissimus Torrey ex Noya Anglia misit. Saepe cum yariis Tuberculariis concrescit et summo jure ad hunc tribum a Cl. Friesio refertur. 1432. 284. S. auencuum, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 125, F. 223; et. Pennsyly. 1433. 285. S. Casrannax, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 124, F. 224, et. Pennsyly. bd 1434. 286. S. Canycantat, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 126, F. 225, et. Pennsyly. 1435. 287. S. Gurnitstaz, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 31, F. 226, et Pennsylv. 1436. 288. S. rnsrpENs, L. v. 'S., Syn. Car. 122, F. 228, et. Pennsyly. *1437. 289. S. elongata, F. 230, in Robinia Bethl. frequens. 1438. 290. S. fissa, F. 234, Syn. Car. in Rosis etiam, Pennsylv. *1439. 291. S. mutila, F. 235, passim in populinis Bethl. . 1440, 292. S. mucosa, F. 238, Syn. Car. 67, et. freq. Pennsylyv. *1441. 293. S. melogramma, F. 222, rarior in Fago Pocono. ~~ *1442. 294. S. fuliginosa, F. 231, in ramis salicinis Bethl. : *1443. 295. S. sunconnata, L.y.S., satis frequens, prorumpens ex enitlenuide caulium. Gossypii, Salem, Carolina. S. caespitosim confluens, elliptice prorumpens ex tenero epidermide, vix linea longa, aterrima, Peri- theciis difformibus paucis, pro ratione majusculis, apice applanatis aut irregulariter subcollapsis, papillato-ostiolatis. Intus albofarctis, demum deciduis; tune in foveolis observatur stroma albes- cens, subcupulatum cui insident. *1444, 296. S. Hinrscr, L. vy. S., rara obvia in truncis emortuis Hibisci rosei, Salem. 8. caespitulis elongatis confluentibus, saepe varie flexuosis ex epidermide prorumpens, epidermide substellatim fisso, circum circa erecto, sed non caespitulum denudante. Superficie caespituli ap- planata, in qua ad dimidiam partem prominent perithecia, nigra, pulvere parco fusco atro adspersa, papillata, ovata intus albofarcta. Fibros corticales quibus adhaerent caespituli cum ligno nigrescunt. *1442. 297. S. ampieva, L. v. S.,insarmentis Rhois radicantis Carolina et Pennsyly. S. prorumpens caespitulis subrotundis nigris satis elevatis Peritheciis non ostiolatis, denique pertusis subirregularibus, oblongis, imo subflexuosis et globosis, paucis tantum confluentibus. Extus quanquam non glabris, quasi nitentibus intus albofarctis. Sphaeriae fuliginosae non dissimilis. *1443. 298. S. Mexiaz, L. v. S., vulgatissima in ramulis Meliae azedarach Carolina. S. satis polymorpha. Junior ex epidermide prorumpens ab ea cincta, cospisculum sistit sclerotoi- deum subrotundum, griseo-fuscum, peritheciis in superficie vix prominentibus, intus jam indistinctis nidulantibus in materia stromatica pulveracea. Proyectiori aetate caespitulis elongatim etseriatim | NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. . 207 confluentibus, perithecia fere omnino liberantur, pluribus tamen in unum connatis, apice applanato, -ceterum rugosa, difformia vix albofarcta. Ostiolis indistinctis hysteriimorphis. "1444. 299. S, Perstmmons, L. y. S., passim in cortice Diospyri ving. (vulgo Persimon) non dissimilis S. quercuum, Salem. S. caespitulis gregarie confluentibus, varie flexuosis planiusculis, nigris, ex epidermide elevata pro- rumpentibus. Peritheciis convexis, semiprominulis, papillatis, intus albofarctis, demum eyacuatis. Differt a S. quercuum peritheciis yalde prominulis et ostiolo manifestiori conico-papillato, etiam apice peritheciorum subtruncato. *1445. 300. S. Craraxar, L. y. S., in variis speciebus Crataegi, Bethl. S. caespitulis plerumque ellipticis prorumpentibus nigris aut fuscescentibus, laxe nempe ad dimidiam parte inyolutis tomento furfuraceo fusco.- Peritheciis majusculis, paucis, difformibus, semiliberis, demum pertusis (an primum papillatis ?) intus albofarctis, demum eyacuatis. Horizontaliter secto caespitulo, perithecia subcircinnatim disposita, in ipsa massa corticali nidulantia conspiciuntur. - "1446. 301. S. Garrag, L. y. S., species distinctissima freq. Bethl. in Gallis vetustis Querc. S. caespitulis sparsis, nigerrimis valde elevatis, superficialiter innatis. Peritheciis primum omnino con‘luentibus, ambitu quasi lobato. Demum semiliberis assurgentibus, difformibus regularioribus - immixtis, rugosis, majusculis, manifestim papillatis, intus albofarctis. "1447. 302. S. proruttans, L. y. S., frequens in corruptissimis surculis Celastri, Bethl. -§. atra; caespitulo in libro corticali affixo, propullans per epidermidem, arcte ab ea cincto, satis elevato, forma subrotunda, basi contracta stromate parco insidente, subturbinato. Peritheciis ma- jusculis atrofarctis, prominulis in superficie subdepressa, coronatis ostiolis papillaribus centralibus. Caespitulus superne quasi punctato-rugosis. Ceterum in quoque ramulo multi aggregati sunt caespituli. : Trib. 15. Senratar, F *1448, 303. S. filicina, F. 242, in Pteride, Bethl. "1449. 304. S. junci, F. 245, yulgatissima, Salem ac Pennsyly. 1450. 305. S. arundinacea, F. 245, Syn. Car. 79, striaeformis, et vulgaris in culmis Miegiae, Salem. 1451. 306. S. Zzax, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 79 y, rara sed bene distincta in caulibus Zeae, Salem et Bethl. S. omnino tecta, epidermide fusco tincta (ostiolis solis prominulis) satis eleyata. Seriatim disposita, breyis, utrinque acuminata, subconfluens. Peritheciis binis vel ternis tantum in caespitulo, subdis- tantibus, primum albofarctis, demum evacuatis. Ostiolis latis, umbilicatis, saepe unico. "1452. 307. S. linearis, F. 247, in Solidaginum caulibus, Bethl. 1453. 308. S. Anethi, F. 248, Syn. Car. 74, Carolinaac Pennsyly. n 1454. 309. S. culmicola, F. 249, in culmo Andropogi, Bethl. 1455. 310. S. longissima, F. 251, Syn. Car. 75, et. Pennsyly. *1456. 311. S. melaena, F. 252, vulgaris in caulibus Pennsyly. 1457. 312. S. picea, F. 253, Syn. Car. 78, ad caules firmiores. s *1458. 313. S. chloromela, F. 255, in caulibus Pastinacae et Angelicae, ‘Bethl, *1459. 314. S. rimosa, F. 241, A. S. in foliis et culmis Zizaniae Kaign’s point, Philad. *1460. 315. S. Porri, F. 257, Pers. exuberans. In caulibus Alliorum. Peritheciis quidem albo- farctis, sed an hujus sectionis’ num semper aut simplici aut tantum duobus peritheciis majusculis mihi obvia. Primo adspectu affinis S. Zeae aut striaeformi. - 1461. 316. S.nebulosa, F. 250, Syn. Car. 76, et in Pennsylvania vulgatissima in variis caulibus, Se- . quentes 5 species, S. nebulosae quidem affines sunt—tamen vix ad eam pertinent. *1462. 317. S. cmrcrrucar, L. y. S., passim occurrens in caulibus Cimicifugae, Bethl. S. sub epidermide, tecta; maculas sistens griseas, omnino similes prioris, sed crassiores quanquam _ambitu indeterminato—ostiolis denique punctiformibus nitidis prorumpentibus. Peritheciis subja- centibus nidulantibus in ipsa substantia caulis, papillatis, globoso-depressis, inter se distantibus sed seriatim dispositis; singulis similibus peritheciis S. herbarum; praesertim quando persistunt post destructam maculam. . Tum subrugosa collapsa exhibentur. "1463. 318. S. Eursornicora, L. y. S., in caulibus Euphorb. marginatae hortis cultae, Bethlehem. S. tecta, macula latissima effiguratim in caulibus effusa, omnino priorum. Peritheciis, pro ratione majusculis subjacentibus, atris, globosis, rugosis, creberrimis, demum cum macula cinerascente as- surgentibus, ore pertuso, et demum ut in priori, omnino denudatis. Maculae plerumque majores quam in S, nebulosa. 3 b/ 7 208 @ ‘ SYNOPSIS OF © | *1464.. 319. S. Inmreota, L, y. S., rarior in foliis putrescentibus lridis yirginicae, Beth. S. tecta, maculis griseo-nigris, yix determinatis, minoribus. Ostiolis solis globosis aut saltern-obtusis prorumpentibus. Peritheciis sub macula, creberrimis, irregulariter preitis eS albofarctis. Macula longitudine tres lineas vix excedit. 3 = *1465. 520. S. rumosa, L. v.S., in caulibus Chenopodiorum. maximorum freq. Bethl. Ft ‘« S. tecta; maculis fumoso-nigris determinatis oblongis, sed saepe | longe lateque confluentibus. at : lente augentiori e filis dothidineis, crusta cinerea intermixta compositae videntur maculae. Ostiolis creberrimis, seriatis, nigris, subacutis, prorumpentibus. Peritheciis minutissimis, vix cultello secan- dis, albofarctis. Ascos non vidi, et Dothideis valde affinis est. “Ob habitum tamen huc collocanda. *1466. $21. S.. Prronis, L.-v. S., yulgaris i in fructubus Peponis, Bethl. et jamSalem. S. tecta, macula cinereo-grisea, longe lateque .indeterminatim. effusa, subcrustacea, et faciliter deter- gibilis. Tum apparent perithecia, simplicia, sparsa, mollia, glabra, globosa, demum collapsa, papil- lata,. ostiolis solis per maculam prospicientibus post maculam destructam, crustae adhaerentia. Primo adspectu ad priores pertinet, sed aes eam. esse Spaeriam simplicem. — Latissimis (pal-. maribus) plagis Pepones punctat. a 4 totic. *1467. 322. S. umpernaranum, L. y. S., rarior oceurrit in saatiaa Umbellatarum, Bethl. Ne ee S. tect, maculis longe lateque subeffiguratim effusis, referens mappam geographicam, crusta nigres- centi absque ullo nitore. Peritheciis subtus distanter sparsis, basi ligno subimmersis, depresso-globo- _ sis, collo ad superficiem penetrante, ubi tum ostiola epperant crassa cylindrica, Ai tied subdifformia. Affinis Concrescentibus immersis. r Be ahs Sette *1468. 323. S. Tyraan, L. v. S., yulgatissima in foliis Typhae latifoliae, Bethl. S. minutissima, sed caespitulis aut potius maculis gregatim confluentibus ac saepe totum fere folium occupantibus. Macula quoque brevi, oblonga-subquadrata, nigro-fumosa: seriatim inter neryos dis- positae sunt. Peritheciis multis etiam lineatim seriatis, minutissimis, punctiformibus, albofarctis, . demum orbatis, astomis. , ; == . ‘ “1469. 324. S. Histscrcoxa, L. y. S., in tenerioribus ramis H- palustris et militaris Hortorum, Bethl. S. tecta, macula bullosim elevata, minori, nigrocinerea, elongata in ambitu quasi fimbriata; e fibris Dothidineis, crassis parallelis non radiantibus enim constare videtur.macula.. Peritheciis crebris cum crusta maculari elevatis, nigro-cinereo-farctis. Ostiolis brevibus conicis aut globosis, rugosis. Crusta maculae crassior quam in ceteris et quasi ieee In iisdem caulibus aia etiam. inyeni Dothideam delicatulam nostram. - "1470. 325. S. Srupart, L. y. S., in ditissimi caulibus Silphit connati in Bort eee: §) ERED S. primum tecta et tum cinerascens, demum denudata nitente nigrescens, maculas sistens lineares aut’ ellipticas utrinque acuminatas. Peritheciis creberrimis, albofarctis, ostiolis globosis deciduis: tam perithecia minuta referunt pezizulas. Affiniset S. polygrammae interna structura. © 9° "1471. 326. S. Anistrpar, L. v. S., rara in foliis Aristidae dichotomae, Salem. =. __ =) q S. effusa longitudinaliter; crusta aterrima expers tamen nitoris, epidermide non tecta: in sulcis nervo- rum, hypophylla et marginalis, forma lineari seriatim disposita, superficie rugosa. " Peritheciis immer- sis, crebris, albofarctis, parum prominulis, pro ratione majusculis, vix ostiolatis., *1472. 327. S. nenyrszqura, L. v. S., distinctissime in aversa pagina Andropog. scopariae Naz. S. minutissima, atra, inter nervos disposita, oculis nudis lineolas minimas offert. Lente aucta, videntur ss maculae superficiales lineares, parallelae, utrinque truncatae, in quarum superficie conspiciuntur ~ perithecia crebra, manifestim papillata, applanata, collapsa, albofarcta. Maculae see confluunt. Sphaeria Andropogi, in altera pagina saepe occurrit. « » eee *1473. 328. S. ruscara, L. y.S., affinis S. lineari—in dejectis stipitibus horti Nazareth, = S. in maculis fuscis subnitidis, lineatim expansis proveniens, uniseriata. Peritheciis primum jailaclinis, demum liberis patellaeformibus, i. e. applanato-impressis, subrotundis, pany somleae> a ea maculam) Centro ex ostiolo papillaeformi nigro-punctato. ; * Trib. 16. ConrenTar: PEA NES 5 1474. 329. S. Errpuyta, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 130, F. 258, non in Pennsyly. ~ 1475. 330. S. scrnronum, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 71, F. 260, ex Geoemeenietse Caricinon Beiegas ie crescere. 1476. 331. S. graminis, ¥. 261, Syn. Car. 70, freq. Pennsyiv. var, & Elymorum, & Poarum et elegans varietas cinerascens in Mullenbergia erecta. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 209 *1477. 332. S. conferta, F. 264, olim mihi S. acervulata, frequens in foliis Juglandum Bethl. 1478. 333. S. urmea, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 288, Xyloma, F. 267, frequens et. Pennsyly. in fol. Ulmi fulvae. 1479. 334. S. Yuccas, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 88, F. 270, Carolina. *1480. 335. S. bifrons, F. 272, in foliis quercinis Beth], *1481. 336. S. allicina, F. 269, rarior in foliis Allii schoenoprasi Nazereth. Passim occurrit omnino sim- plex sine macula. "1482. 357. S. Caricis, F. 262, Bethlehem inventa in Caricis crinitae foliis. "1483. 338. S. euncrum, L. v. S., in siccis foliis Panici nitidi, &c. Bethl. S. minutissima, sublinearis, sistens puncta fusco-nigra subcinerascentia nudo oculo. Peritheciis immersis sed tam prominulis in superficie ut rugulosa fit. Ostiolis yix perceptibilibus; intus omnino similis S. graminis, sed quater terve minor. *1484. 339. S. anpnorosrcora, L. y. S., cum sequente frequens in foliis Andropogonum semper hypo- phylla, Bethlehem. S. tecta, subinaequabilis, confluens plus minus effiguratim, minor, atronitens. Peritheciis non prominulis sed passim epidermidem folii nigro-tinctam paululum elevantibus, stromati fuliginoso pulveraceo im- mersis, primum albofarctis, demum eyacuatis, astomis. "1485. 340. S. Anpnoroet, L. vy. S., in eadem pagina foliorum cum priori Bethlehem sed habitu et indole aliena. S. non tecta, sed superficialiter illita, superficie externa applanata inaequaliter corrugata, nigerrima absque ullo nitore, varie in ambitu lobata, confluens. Peritheciis astomis minutissimis et subindis- tinctis. An igitur Dothidea? "1486. 341. S. nurro-macuLaTa, L. y. S., semper insidet maculis lutescentibus in foliis languescentibus, maximorum Andropogonum Carolina apprime in pagina superiori. S. tecta, oblonga, sita in maculis lutescentibus confluentibus, elevata cum parenchymate folii, atra, superficie inaequabili. Peritheciis seriatim immersis in stromate fuliginoso, parum prominulis, demum eyacuatis, ostiolis latentibus. Differt a priori magnitudine 3—4 lineari, macula lutescente, nec pluribus in eadem macula confluentibus. *1487. 342. S. canaricunaTa, L. y. S., ex eadem grege, sed optime distincta, Bethl. in foliis involu- crorum Cyperi, pagina aversa inyenta. S. tecta, atra, constans e seriebus peritheciorum sitis inter strias folii, ita in maculam piceam paralleliter confluentibus, ut macula eleganter canaliculata evadit; major. Ostiolis crebris punctiformibus, In margine occurrunt perithecia subsolitaria subrotunda, applanata. Interdum etiam maculae piceae medio infertiles sunt—et, quod memorabile, saepe etiam macula } uncialis, interrupta est, ita ut immutata substantia folii in conspectum venit. *1488. S43. S. Lesrrpxzar, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 72, perperam ad S. Trifolii relata, quae omnino alia nondum mihi in America obyia. Haec nostra in variis Lespedezis praesertim monticolis et in Penn- sylvania. S. semper macula latiori lutescenti in folio effusa insidet valde varians magnitudine, rarius adaequans S. Trifolii. Peritheciis pluribus quidem junctis in plaga atra consimili priorum maculis—sed non rariter occurrit perithecium majusculum solitarium in minori plaga atronitenti, demum evacuatum, praeditum ostiolo pertuso non eleyato. Et in speciminibus vere confertis caespitulus atronitens non tuberculoso-rugulosus evadit, peritheciis inclusis, sed tantum superficie inaequabili sed ostendit. In simplicibus margo sterilis semper adest ; centro quasi hemisphaerice elevato. *1489. 344. S. ruanerta, L. vy. S., pulcherrima species hypophylla in frondibus emortuis Pteris aqui- linae, Bethl. S.tecta, majuscula, atra ac atro-cinerascens. Centro quasi innata nervo pinnarum frondis, et ad semi-uncialem latitudinem effusa, sese in pinnas utrinque lobato-flabellatim extendit, superficie inae- quabili bullosa. Peritheciis albofarctis, demum evacuatis in stromate cinereo immersis, ostiolis plerumque latitantibus: passim papillatim prominulis. "1490. 345. S. Panter, L. v. S., in semivivis et emarcidis foliorum Panicorum, Bethl. S. maculis crebris non late effusis, parvulis lutescenti-purpureis (in marcidis foliis evanidis) insident caespituli atri minuti obscure nigri, primum tecti, in foliis marcidis atronitentes, subrotundi, aut irre- gulariter lineares, amphigeni, sed solummodo in pagina superiori fructificantes. Peritheciis paucis immersis, inaequaliter elevatis, obliterato-ostiolatis, interdum collapsis. Stromate yix ullo. Vou. IV.—3 C 210 SYNOPSIS OF *1491. 346. S. Acrostinis, L. y. S., an mera yarietas S. graminis? in A. filiforme Bethl. minor. S. insidens maculis fuscobadiis, evanidis in foliis emortuis, lato effusis. Caespitulo applanato utrinque acuminato, minuto, tecto, confluente, demum elevato, striato et rugulosa ex peritheciis subjacentibus in stromate parco subfusco. Ostiolis indistinctis. *1492. 347. S. Inints, L. v. S., affinis S. epiphyllae. Frequens in foliis Didis, Kaign’s Point, Phliad. - S. caespitulis minutis oblongis aut difformibus passim confluentibus, ex epidermide prorumpentibus ab ea cinctis, insidentibus stromati quadam ex massa folii orto. In caespitulo quocunque nigro cineras- centi, pluria perithecia majuscula oblongo-difformia, ultra medium immersa, atronitentia, primum albo-farcta demum evacuata, astoma conspiciuntur. Trib. 17. ByssIsEpar. 14938. 348. S. aurantia, . 276, Syn. Car. 170, etiam in Pennsylyv. vulgaris in lignis, praesertim autem in fungis pileatis membranaceis, Polyporis, Thelephoris, &c. *1494. 349. S. Borericoza, L. vy. S., rarior in Polyporo citrino corruptissimo inventa Bethl. affinis priori, sed colore dilutiori, indole Subiculi, et forma Peritheciorum distincta. An var. # fulgens Fries. huc pertinet. Sed in nostra perithecia minime confluunt, potius sparsiora quam in priori. S. subiculo effuso, interrupto, laxioris contextus quam in priori plagis irregularibus, ex ochraceo- aurantio, margine albescenti. Peritheciis subiculo tantum semi-immersis, conico-ovatis, plus minus sparsis, primum concoloribus, demum rubro-aurantiis molliusculis, papillatis, faciliter ex subiculo excussis, et foveoloslinquentibus. Gelatina seminalis interna albissima, demum propulsa, plerumque in ostiolo remanet, ut villus candidus. 1495. 350. S. rosella, F. 277, Syn. Car. 171, nondum in Pennsyly. *1496. 351. S. thelena, F.279, Specim. nostra fere terrestria, ad radices truncorum, ex New York misit ‘Torrey. *1497. 352. S. aquila, F. <80, Bethlehem rara interdum subconnata. 1498. 353. S. Conricium, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 173, frequens et Pennsyly. in Castaneis. Species dis- tincta, ob subiculum fere Thelephoroideum. Peritheciis maximis. *1499. 354. S. purpureo-Frusca, L. y. S., ramis querneis increscit passim Bethlehem, tomento crasso purptreo-fusco latissime expanso, peritheciis primum omnino tectis. S. subiculo tomentoso racodioideo purpureo-fusco, longe lateque effuso, primum perithecia omnino tegente. Subinde obliteratur, peritheciis caespitosis, aut longitudinaliter seriatis quibus obsitum. Peritheciis ceterum maximis, (imo Sphaeriz byssisedae longe majoribus) sparsis ac aggregatis, glo- bosis, undique nisi circa ostiola tomento tenero fusco-purpureo inyolutis. Ostiolis atris, conicis, nudis, brevibus, interdum quasi lateralibus. 1500. 355. S. byssiseda, F. 281, Syn. Car. 168, vulgatissima saepe agmine ulnari in ramis praesertim Salicinis et Bethl. 1501. 356. S. rruNcatura, L, v. S., Syn. Car. 174, F. 282, et. in Pennsyly. 1502. 357. S. prerusa, L. v. S., rarius occurrit, ad longitudinem ulnarem in cayitate Juglandis cinerea adhue stantis effusa, Bethl. S. tomento subiculari longe lateque effuso fusco-brunneo passim compactiori et ibi infertili, non autem crasso. Ex hoc erumpunt perithecia sparsa aut dense aggregata, mediocra, atra, valde rugosa, plerumque globosa aut aggregatione compressa primum convexa, papillatim ostiolata juventute, demum semi-collapsa et pertusa. *1503. 358. S. mposrra, L. v. S., in dejectis ramulis Bethl. occurrit infrequenter. S. subiculo parco longitudinaliter effuso, fuscescenti, imposita sunt perithecia magna, vix immersa, ex atro-fusca, rugulosa, globosa, ostiolo subconico-papillato,sparsim seriata, interdum autem subaggre- gata, imo subconfluentia. A priori differt indole, magnitudine peritheciorum, et subiculo parco. 1504. 359. S. sunreutaTa, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 175, F. 284, vulgata etiam in Pennsylvania. Subiculo saepe obliterato. *1505. 360. S. curicurants, L. y. S., passim in cortice denudato Bethl. affinis priori, sed tamen se- quentibus notis distincta. S. simplex, subiculo insidens cuticulari splendente-candido yix manifestim floccoso, longitudinaliter effuso angusto, non pulverulento. Peritheciis subsparsis hemisphaericis atro-nitidis, papillatis. Magnitudine prioris. 1506. 361. S. cinerea, F. 283, Syn. Car, 169, solummodo Salem. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 211 1507. 362, S. nrmunans, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 185, F. 285, pulcherrimam speciem nunquam inyenire contigit in Pennsyly. 1508. 563. S. conrenrura, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 187, F. 286, (conferta) rariter etiam in Pennsyly. 1509. 364. S. tristis, F. 287, Syn. Car. 212, vulgaris et. Bethl. "1510. 365. S. flavescens, F. 288, 2 var. epimyces alba, rarius in Hymenio Polypori resupinati cujusdam Bethl. Differt a Friesii colore albo tomenti et a S. panno peritheciis albis, non nigris. "1511. 366. S. rhodomela, F. 291, rara in Carolina et Pennsyly. "1512. 367. S. Cottrsu, L. y.S., valde abnormis—in aversa pagina folii ignoti (an exotici) mihi ab doctissimo Zacchaeo Collins communicata est. S. tomento crasso densissime intertexto efficiente plagas latas effusas inter nervos paginae aversae folii ignoti, e fusco-nigras, floccis suberectis. Subiculo huic floccoso, creberrime insident perithecia globosa, nigra (S. nidulaoti proxima) astoma, vel saltem indistincta ostiolata, sed demum globulo spermatico irregulari, caseos continens, coronata. Trib. 18. Virxosar. "1513. 368. S. penrernrara, L.y.S., in ramulis teneris dejectis Ribis aureae Bethl. cultae—propius accedens ad S. chioneam, sed abnormiter formata. S. sparsa, agmine tamen magno, et quasi in flexuosis seriebus sita, superficialiter sed firmiter affixa basi in epidermide, rariter fasciculata et subconfluens. Peritheciis obovato-globosis, applanatis undique villosissimis; villis versus basin brevioribus fusco-yiridibus, versus apicem a medio densis, longissimis, penicillatim divergentibus, candidissimis; ostiola minuta obtusa nigra plerumque om- nino inyestientibus. Intus peritheciis massa spermatica alba-fuliginea-farctis parietibus nigris tenuibus. Interdum perithecia difformia evadunt et pezizulam referunt albo-villosam. 1514. 369. S. ovina, F. 293, Syn. Car. 178, freq. et. in Pennsyly. *1515. 370. S. mucida, F. 294, passim Salem et. Bethl. var. @ rostellata, ostiolis longiusculis, peritheciis oblongis, agmine denso occurrit in Rhoi typhina, *1516. 371. S.mutabilis, F. 295, rara Bethl. “1517. 372. S. araneosa, F. 296, Salem. Villo fugacissimo—et tum refert S. subiculatam nostram. 1518. 5375S. S. sfrigosa, F. 298, Syn. Car. 180 et. Pennsyly. semper autem in Kalmia aut Rhodendr. "1519. 374. S. tephrotricha, F. 299, Bethl. rara. 1520. 575. S. biformis, F. 300, Syn. Car. 147, etiam Bethl. 1521. 376. S. Racodium, F. 301, Syn. Car. 183, vulgata et. Pennsyly. 1522. 377. S. hirsuta, F. 302, Syn. Car. 182, et. Pennsyly. 1523. 378. S. crinita, F. 303, Syn. Car. 179, distincta filis basilaribus ligno irrepentibus. Et. Pennsyly. 1524. 379. S. pilosa, F. 304, Syn. Car. 181, passim et. Bethi. 1525. 380. S. hispida, F. 305, Syn. Car. 184, etiam Pennsyly. *1526. 381. S. calva, F. 306, bene distincta ramulis, Bethl. *1527. 382. S. cincinnata, F. 307, eximia et distinctissima species in foliis virentibus Oxycocc. ma- crocarpae Pocono. "1528. 383. S. vermicularia, F. 308, rara sed bene distincta in frustulo pinco Camden. Vera Sphaeria nec ad genus Linkii Exosporium pertinens. 1529. 384. S. exilis, F. 309, Syn. Car. 213, etiam Pennsyly. “1530. 385. S. craposrortosa, L. y. S., abnormis et in quibusdam speciminibus monstrosa inter quos alia, quae satis referunt S. depilatam. In Polyporo vetusto rariter, sed tum magna copia. Bethl. S. abnormis, maxima et minuta, sparsa, interdum confluens, undique pilis virescentibus, exacte refer- entibus Cladosporium fungorum, brevibus, densissimis, tecta. Passim observantur perithecia minuta ovato-globosa subostiolata, quasi depilata, i. e. pilis tantum basilaribus et raris. Ceteris et plerisque autem maximis, globoso difformibus, S. bombardam revocantibus, inyicem compressis immo etiam bullosis, ostiolo indistincto obtusissimo. Saepe basi latiori quasi insident et inde formain induunt subconicam. Intus cavitate maxima, parietibus crassis nigris. Extus pella cladosporiosa arcte indutae sunt hae majores sphaerulae. Juniores ostiola distinctiora habent, sed tamen tecta pelle. An monstrositas S. depilatae? "1531. 386. S. rvronsa, L. y. S., passim in paleis cortice orbatis, ex truncis Robiniae pseudacaciae fac- tis, Bethl. 212 SYNOPSIS OF S. gregaria, atra, e ligno quasi erumpens, subhemisphaerica, aut cylindraceo-elevata, apice obtusa, in ostiolum indistinctum abiens, rarius diffracta. Intus inanis. Statura minuta. Extus pilis brevibus rigidis, ut barbae mox tondendae, dense obsita, simplicibus divergentibus nec ullo modo intricatis. *1532. 387. S. 1nyorurTa, L. v. S., affinis S. chionaeae et etiam similitudinem habet cum Myriococco. In truncis yetustis, Bethl. S. densissime aggregata, ligno laxiter affixa. Peritheciis laevibus, globosis, subpapillatis, interdum sudcorrugatis, nigrofuscis, nitentibus, omnino obyolutis villo albo densissimo aetate detergibili, apice tantum paulisper denudato. Inanis. *1533. 388. S. serosa, L. vy. S., satis affinis S. Airsutae—passim in mucidis Sal. et Bethl. S. peritheciis sparsis, majusculis, ovato-conicis, fuscis, confluentibus cum ostiolo indistincto, valde tuberculosis, obsitis pilis fuscescentibus setosis, rigidis, longiusculis, ex quoque tuberculo protru- sis, demum deciduis. Vix immersa ligno. *1534. 389, S. emercens, L. v. S., affinis S. Racodio, in cariosis lignis. Differt praesertim summa laxitate subiculi tomentosi, forma peritheciorum, et villo laxo, quo tecta sunt. Bethl. S. sparsim emergens ex subiculo, tomentum laxum referente ex floccis, primum erectis aut ligno laxissime irrepentibus, demum compactis, contextum. Peritheciis ovato-conicis, rugulosis, nigris aut fuscis, confluentibus cum ostiolo, undique tectis pilis crebris longiusculis divergentibus fusces- centibus, laxis non rigidis. Aetate provectiori, saepe invenitur diffractis peritheciis et excussis, lin- quentibus foveolas in subiculo. *1535. 390. S. Rarrus, L. y. S., passim Bethl. in ligno denudato et in ramis. S. gregaria, et passim etiam sparsa, peritheciis majusculis fragillimis tenerrimis, glabris, e globoso- conicis. Ostiolo obtusiusculo nigro, demum nudo, primum cum ipso perithecio pellicula nigra pilosissima tecto, pilis e fusco cinerascentibus longiusculis divergentibus; quasi pellem Ratti refer- ente. Statu juvenili, perithecia immersa sunt, pilis tantum prorumpentibus, demum prorumpunt et sublibera deveniunt. E longinquo aterrimo colore gaudent, sub lente fusco cinerascunt. "1536 391. S. carsprrutans, L. v. S., an hujus Tribus? pilis enim brevissimis, forsan tuberculis minu- tis tecta. Rara in ramis Rubi Idaei, Bethl. S. caespitulosim concrescens, aut tractu lineari-elongato fasciculata. Peritheciis minimis, ovato-diffor- mibus, acutim in ostiola abientibus, aterrimis, rugosis, et undique pilis minutis brevibus, crassis (an tuberculis potius) obsitis. Substantia molli, saepe irregulariter collapsa. Individua non caespitu- losa occurrunt. Minima est hujus Tribus. *1537. 392. S. vinrprarra, L. y. S., semper parasitica in variis Sphaeriis Connatis, Beth]. elegans ac distincta species. S. sparsim aut caespitulosim proveniens in aliis Sphaeriis exsoletis. Peritheciis minutis globosis aut oyatis, carbonaceis, rugosis, obtusis, vix osticlatis, basin versus nudis, nigris, in apice autem dense tectis villo luteo-virescenti brevi. Acetate saepe diffracta et evacuata, sacculo manifesto instructa sese praebent perithecia, *1538. 393. S. sauamurarTa, L. y. S., abnormis sed distinctissima species, satis frequens, Bethl. in- super crustam nigram quae saepe in lignis cortice orbatis oritur; plus minus sparsa aut connata. S. sparsa, aut subconnatim concrescens. Peritheciis carbonaceis ovato-globosis aut difformibus, majusculis, crustae nigrae interdum longe lateque effusae aequabili increscentibus, interdum abbre viatae et valde rugulosae; abientibus in ostiola distincta crassiuscula, demum pertusa; extus ceterum rugulosis et dense tectis tegumento quodam ambiente inter villositatem et substantiam squamuloso- pulvyeraceam colore subsplendente luteo fusco aut badio, demum nigrescente. Ostiolis nudis nigris. Peritheciis primum farctis massa spermatica alba, demum evacuatis. “1539. 394. S. monsrrosa, L. v. S., in lignis castaneis Bethl. forma, et magnitudine plane monstrosa, quasi pustulas referens Sphaeriarum circumscriptarum, S. gregaria, insidens crustae nigrae lignatili, majuscula et interdum maxima et deformata. Basi tumida abiens in ostiolum crassum pyramidatum sulcatum. Intus primum nigrofarcta, demum eyacuata; ceterum substantia carbonacea. Extus pilis undique crebris fuscis subrigidis, densissimis una cum ostiolo, obtecta. Similitudinem quandam habet cum certis varietatibus S. spinosae; passim etiam occurrit absque pilis et denudata. Primo juventute se ostendit solummodo ut aggregatio pilorum Cladosporii. - NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 213 F , \ pri. 19. Dexvparax. “1540, 395. S. Peziza, F. 311, nd Car. 167, freq. et in Pennsylv. 1541. 596: S. sanguinea, F. 313, Syn. Car. 197, et. Bethl. in Sphaeziis. "1542. $97. S. rrprisepa, L, v. S., affinis at) sed minor, frequens in fibris corticalibus subsolutis Castaneae, Bethl. S. minutissima, sparsa, sanguinea, pellnetia;, € globoso-ovata, papillata, densis gregibus adhaerens -fibris corticalibus ramorum Castaneorum, epidermide orbatis,’ glaberrima, demum collapsa. Vix -‘nudo oculo singula perithecia discernuntur. 1543. 398. S. episphaeria, F.315, Syn. Car. 140, yulgaris Pennsyly. "1544. 399. S. ordinata, F. 316, aetate nigra, Salem et Bethl 1545. 400. S. seriata, F . 317, Syn. Car. 162, etiam Bethl. ‘ 1546. 401. Si pomiformis, F. 318, Syn. Car. 161, etiam Bethl. vulg. 1547. 402. S. mammaeformis, F. 319, Syn. Car. 160, et. Bethl. ~ *1548. 403. 8. stercorea, F. 320, Salem et Bethl. in stercore vulg. *1549, 404. S. pleurostoma, F, 321, Bethl. elegantula species. *1550. 405. S, obducens, F. 322, Bethl. rara sed distinctissima. *1551. 406. S. ventricosa, F. 324, subinde collapsa, majuscula rara occurrit, Bethl. 1552. 407. -S. spermoides, F. 325, Syn. Car. 187, vulgaris, Bethl. ‘ 1553. 408, S. ark are ts - $27, Syn. Car. 211, rara Pennsyly. ; 1554. 409. S. pulvis pyri Syn. Car. 210, vulgaris etiam in Pennsylv. 1555. 410. S. paler, F Syn. Car. 200, passim, Bethl. “1556. 411. S. ovoidea, F 331, ad ligna exsiccata, Bethl. _ ; 1557. 412. S..xotsa, L. V:. s., Syn. Car. 235, abnormis F. 833, nondum mihi in Pennsyly. obvia. °1558. 413, S. myriocarpa, F. 333, frequens Bethl. in lignis terrae dejectis. #1559. © 414. S. ‘MILLEGRANA, L. y. S., non rara ad ligna exsiccata cortice orbata Bethl. Plagis longis latisque quasi effiguratis ligna occupans. S. minutissima, plagis magnis effusa, singulis peritheciis muds, oculo yix distinguendis. Lente adhibita - vides perithecia innumera seriatim juxtaposita sed non confluentia, globosa, minutim. punctato-ru- gosa, in perfectissimis abientia apice paulo attenuato in ostiola pertusa, globulo spermatico ascifero magno coronata; demum intus evacuata. Juniore aetate perithecia fibris ligni nubtestas certo modo albescens, demum denudata aterrima. . "1560. 415. S. TRansyensatis, L. y. 8. passim in ramis junioribus putridis Liriodendri, Salem. Fere semper transversim et ramum quasi annulo cingens ubi epidermide orbutus est, lineis nigris ¢ fibris corticalibus erumpit. 8. Peritheciis minutissimis ovatis aggregatis, atertiinis, punctato-rugosis, raaniteatim ostiolatis papilla brevi, formantibus lineas nigras transversim ramulum cingentes; demum eyacuatis, spermatico globulo albo coronatis, Primum fibris corticalibus albescentibus subtecta, demum denudat. Priori affinis, sed differt'modo crescendi. "1561. 416. S. accnzcara, L. v. S., in nga cariosissimis mollibus plagis majusculis sens, Bethlehem . *-rarior. 4 S. Peritheciis duplo ee quam in Sues densissime aggregatis nec tamen sdeentsBes, globoso- applanatis, leviusculis, nigro-subfuscescentibus, et circum ostiola plerumque cinerascentibus. Ostiolo brevi, cylindrico-conico, demum deciduo—tum peritheciis pertusis. “1562. 417. S. Hyprineras, L. v. S., rara in epidermide ramorum Hydrangeae, etiam.e libro corticali sub epidermide prorumpens, Rethl. _S. sparsa, epidermide insidens, rotundato-applanata, nigra, demum collapsa, ostiolo papilliforme etiam tum persistente. In iisdem ramis observantur etiam specimina ex libro corticali prorumpentia (vix alteram speciem sistentia) valde a‘ prioribus abhorrentia, forma ostioloram crassorum et tertiam partem perithecii aequantium, ore fere platystoma per epidermidem prospicientia, ceterum tecta. *1563. 418, S. xrcropnunyna, L. y. S., in palis Robiniae cortice orbatis, Bethl. ~ S. sparsa, nigrobrunnea, in maculis eoieahilbts sita. Peritheciis® ovatis, rugosis, attenuatis in ostiola indistincta, majusculis mixtis multo minoribus, demum saepe collapsis. Primum fibris ligni subob- tecta; demum denudata. - *1564. 419. S. rxconstans, L. v. S.,ratiter occurrit — sub epidermide Rhododendri maximi oriens, demum denudata. Vou. IV.—3 D 214 SYNOPSIS OF S. major prioribus, gregatim e fibris corticis interioris prorumpens, mire varians forma; demum con- fiuens. » Peritheciis enim gaudet globosis,* difformibus, cylindricis, et apice. yentricosis, omnibus nigris, rugosis, ostiolis plus minusve elevatis, cylindricis semper ore umbilicato. Junior epidermide tecta, et tum sola ostiola protruduntur., Demum denudata, et saepe diffracta a ae inferiorem pezizulae ad instar relinquens. tude ’ ee 420. S. sunrascrevaTs, L. y. S., in ramis aaleseame Vitis corruptissimae, Bethl. petty S. primum subtecta, demum omnino denudata, affinis S. Bombardae, sed magis sparsa et atsaneel- tudinaliter'seriata.- Peritheciis subfasciculatis nigris, yix mollibus, interdum ¢ omnino forma S. Bom- bardae, saepe autem minus elongatis, subrotundis ac obtuse papillats miperibus et inter se con- fluentibus. “ ‘ *1566. 421. S.-rnsprssa, L. y. S:, rarius prope Lebanon penetrating. in 2s induratis. { S. densissime inspissa inter fibros:ligni. canescentis, pluyio solutos, et subeleyatos, peritlieciis subja- centibus, demum denudatis. Peritheciis atris globosis. rugosis, ostielo papillari a ae aetate subcollapsis, minutissimis. Aut sese insuper aggregatis aut etiam subinde sparsis. » *1567. 422. S. prunnea, L.v. S., rarius ad ramos decorticatos varios, Bethl..-- ; E S. sparsa, peritheciis maximis, semi-immersis, glaberrimis brunneo-fuscis, depiesta: globosis aut hemis. phaericis, ostiolo acuto nigro, hasi StbpEunpas: s Digmeter linearis. ee F ‘ ene heat s : ~ ‘ ~> E a : “Trib. 20. Penrusas. =. 1568. 423. S. tecyruea, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 155, F. 334. Rara in Perinsylvania, varietate minor, atm, 1569. 424. S. mobilis, F. 335, Syn. Car. 198, ‘et passim Pennsyly. Cee *1570. 425. S. papillata, F. 537, inligno salicino Bethlehem. , ; 1571. 426. S. PUTAMINUM, L.y. S., Syn. Ger. 165; F. 338, var. Bri in nucibus pais freq. Penn- sylvania. 1572. - 427. S, partnza, L. v. S. Syn. Car. 150, F, 340, 3 in Carolina etin Erie Cou, Pennsylvania; obyia. *1573. 428. S. mycophila, F. $41, in subulis Hydni exoleti mah rarius iste Bethl.. : *1574. 429. S. applanata, F. 343, frequens Bethlehem ad truncos orbatos Robiniae, evidenter naga. 1575. 450. S. mastoidea, F. 345, Sym. Car. 176, albicans, nondum obyia Pennsyly. ‘ 1576. 451. S. seminuda, F. 346, Syn. Car. 177, i in Pennsyly. mihi in cortice crescens obyia. jeer A *1577. 482. S. latericolla, F. 347, peritheciis sparsis, Bethl. : mies 1578. 433. S. pertusa, F, 348, Syn. Car. 202, vulgaris, et. Pennsyly. Ss, Se a ia wer *1579. 434. S. taphrina, F. 349, in lignis vetustis, Bethl. ‘ Ss ate “ : *1580. 435. S. aspegreenit, F. 350, rara in cariosis lignis ibid. mo esas 4 #1581. 436. S. wmbonata, F. 342, in putrido ligno Juglandis cinerea, Ret ahs tultp en *1582. 437. S. picastra, F. 344, saltem proxima Bethl. : bs friend *1583. 438. S. Surculi, F354, in ramis denudatis Sambuci, ibid. : stacics 1584. 439. S. porphyrostoma, F . 351 (Syn. Car. 204, rhodostoma Soman: An nova? -convenit quidem, sed loco omnino differt, limbo etiam non purpurascenti sed vivide cinnabarino, quasi stellato, postquam papilla excutitur. Perithecia valde rugulosa : sunt et apice SPE et basi — erus~ tam habet in ligno effusam. : an a + #1585. 440. S. vilis, F. 353, non rara Bethl. é ; + Raping Aa Ninh *1586. 441. S. nucula, F. 352, habitu quodam triangulari, Bethl. passim. ad #1587. 442. S. rncrinata, L. y.'S +» Passim in ramulis tenerrimis variorum. Viburnoram Beth. inventa, u. c. V. dentati. - : S, sparsim.et aggregatim erumpens ex fibris libri corticalis ridernie orbati, Foneaeat deniam nudata. Peritheciis oyatis, globosis minutis, oblique inclinatis:.cum ostiolo, pro ratione ak Sy demum deciduo, Tum peritheciis pertusis, ceterum atris, rugosis. tae «i "1588. 443. S. arenra, L. vy. S., rarior in lignis cariosis Rhododendri, Bethl.. badh S. subcrustacea, nigra, aggregata. Peritheciis tamen sparsis, semicinmessis, amajusguli, parum cylin- drico-elevatis, apice truncatis,, collapsis, papilla majuscula subindistinete formata, mox aeamte, tum ore majore orbiculatim pertusis, concentrice extus striatis, sed yix rugosis: *1589. 444. S. exannicona, L. vy. S., valde frequens i in glandibus quercinis, Bethl, : . S. sparsa, ac aggregata, non immersa, primum tamen tenerrima epidermide glandis tecta, demum NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. ' 215 2 bd aa nuda, Peritheciis-atris, minutis, globosis, instructis ostiolo brevi confluente, et.demum pertusis. Differt a S. putaminum exilitate et peritheciis non conicis. Ceterum punctato-rugosa. * — 445. S. Panicanpn, L. v. S., frequens “6 ar in Pericarpiis J eee (Hickory) crassis, __praesertim in interiori latere. Salem et Bethl. = a. S99 ‘s. nigra, oblongo-oyata, primum immersa, atiomin rind abiens*i in ostiolum: acutiuseulum perithecio confluens, Denudata tamen innata pericarpio se ‘ostendit.. . Peritheciis paanieie, " “evacuatis, plerumque pertusis orificio minutissimo. “1591. 446: S. rryczns, L. v. S., in rimis corticalibus: ramorum junioruin Sassafras, Bethl.- _ Sesparsa, -conice rostrata, primum immersa, demum insidens basi applanata. .Peritheciis compresso- conicis, rostratis ostiolo-rudi veut crassiusculo Subnitente, vix eengemme" Circum singula perithecia ‘corticem nigro tingit. > > *1599. 447. S. _ALBomacutans, L. ¥. S., distinetissima in emortuis truncis ‘Syringne ubi cortice ‘orbati sunt, Bethl. An hujus aut prioris tribus? ‘ nu Si sparsa, in macula determinata exalbata sita, aterrima, ad basin ainenipil materia virente pulveru- lenta circumdata. | Peritheciis aterrimis, hemisphaerico-difformibus, mediotribus, semi-immersis, punctatis,. acutim pap latis; saepe ostiola observantur plura connata quasi ex duobus aut tribus 5 peritheciis:confluentibus ut unum: ostiolam rapes sobrotundum et varie’ compressum—demum _ pertusum aut Subrimose apertum. ge #1593. 448. S. Diver, L. vy. S.; memorabilis species j in Agen’ carioso sicco, Beth]. ‘ S. sparsa, simplex, majuscula, bicorticata. * Cortex exterior sphaeriam denudatam, Hetestiverteatn aut conicam rigosam, nigrofuscam, ligno insidentem exhibet, ostiolo papillato primum prominente, ~ quo deciduo, pertusam, Sub hoe ecortice externo ‘apparet Sphaeria ligno i immersa etiam nigro cor- ticata et subinde collapsa, collo elongato cum ostidlo externo communicans. *1594, 449, S. canyornaca, L.y. S., in nucibus putridis Jugland. albae et tomentos, Bethl, S. gregaria, regularis, itladiocttsnamniindings plagas formans. aterrimas subexpansas i in nucibus.- Peri- » theciis dimidiatis ex hemisphaerico-eubiconicis, basi crusta nigra ‘inter Be connexis tenui, papillatis, _demum pertusis, AF tie *1595. ©450. S. euuretrea, L Lee SS iwVitiudis prope Singh Chunk. sathing pheieiie S. majuscula,. elliptica, elongata, sparsa, parum tantum elevata, applanata, subimmersa basi, mee poro centrali demum pertusa, primum coronata ostiolo papillaeformi, demum a nei! _ *1596. 451. S. perormvrd, L. y.S., cum priori in iisdem lignis dejectis rarius. Te S. late sparsa, minuta, omnino denudatim ; protrusa, e forma cylindrica deformata, aterrima, superficie ae a inaequabili, bstiol indistineto. ‘Demum pertusa se ostendit. "a ies ee . “Trib, 21. “Parxsromax, ay 7 . 1597... 452: S. pileata, F. 358, Syn- Car. 138, etiam in Pennsyly.: (.2 } é 1598. 453. S. truncata, F. 357, in ligno. Rhododendri Bethl, : 1599. 454. S. crenata, F. 359, Syn: Car. 136, cristata. Huc’ etiam Pertinet yar. Spiraeae, vulgatissima ‘in ramis Spiraeae opulifolia Bethl. ‘ - 1600.° 455. Sees: F, 361, ip Care 4137, Aehiscens, frequens in Beuxiaylviinis in mucidis a ae as - Tignis, . *1601. 456. S. lidera, P. 361, 2, vix mera varietas, Bethl, 1602. 457.-S, compressa, F. 363, Syn. Car. 138, et Pennisyly. S "1603. -458.-S. angustala, F. 362, passim Bethl. in lignis, *1604. 459. S. curta, F. 365, bene distincta in. corruptissimis ramulis: mollibus Bethl. 1605. 460. S. diminuens, F. 366, Syn. Car. 139, freq. Bethl. "1606. 461. S. anprevraTa, L,, y. S., ad quercinos ramulos, Bethl. : S. subaggregata, prorumpens cum fibtis quibus primum ad ostiola usque tecta, demum denudata. ’ Peritheciis globoso-conicis subnitidis; quanquam non glabris. Ostiolo -cylindrico-dilatato com- presso, satis elongato, centrali, aterrimo, multo tenuiori quam perithecium (al cinerascit aut ‘fuscescit. *1607:° 462. $.'Tuarst, L.y. S., vulgaris in cadibia Vebbiiect* Thapsi putrescentibus. Ob affinitatem summain huc referenda, Bethl. 4 8. sparsa, in mactila nigra, locis caulis wionae orbatis. Primum ostiole solo prorumpens, demum omnino. Peritheciis globoso-conicis, non laevi igatis, basi -spplanato ligno innatis aut subimmersis. 216 f SYNOPSIS oF Ostiolo crasso conico oan elevato, ltitudine aah peritheat 8 saitiomes demum dehis- cente. Ro 3? ivi Mao 3 %: y" *1608. 463. S. vantanrias, L. v. S-, similis priori, pet eualilteegiPedenguse, &e. Beth. = S. fere semper tecta fibris caulis quas secum attollit, ostiolo solummodo compresso difformis confluente cum perithecio valde variabili, prorumpente. Peritheciis nempe ellipticis, applanatis, rugalosis, plerumque maculae nigrae insidentibus, ex gelatina i Sar eB ae peritheciorum ortae, ~*~ *1609. 464. S. SUBRUGOSA, L. v. S., rarissime obvia Be’ 1. in putrido frustulo Catalpae lignis S. sparsa et gregaria, subimmersa ac prorumpens. -Peritheciis'sphaericis aut elongatis, rima ostiolosa longitudinali, dimidiam latitudinem perithecii adaequante ‘coronatis, ad instar Hysterii otaneels,- Tamen vera sphaeria albofarcta, demum evacuata, nigra, ‘extus minutim: tec cae $243 *1610. 465, S. nysterrorpes, L. vy. S., prorumpens ex cortice et ligno Kalmiae, Beth © 6 a S. gregaria et sparsa, peritheciis aggregatis hemisphaericis aut _ellipticis, etiam. Reopen: pi promi- nentibus, aterrimis, glaberrimis (pellem, sic dictam, anserinam quasi in li efficiens). Apice perithecii truncato subconcavo, jostle arcte ages oper truncaturam in’ Ti ae “Sita saierrae, Sielinntineas, ~ eee Ve Mes RAH a mar : : 8 >" * Mine ' 4 Eri! 23. Cicmlosineisers Sea: - Se Pie $x % AS ot 7 1611. 466. s. eeagsticmoanl, 2s v. S., Syn. Cat. 143, perperam ad S. lagenariam relataya qua omnino abhorret. Rarissime in corrupta S. numularia Carol. obvia.) » © Bo eee S, dense gregaria, molliuscula, erecta, nigrescenti-fusca, ‘Peritheciis. wabdin rages. Ostiotis meiioes- bus rigidis obliquis, paululum tantum. longioribus peritheciis ovatis.§ © 3 1612. 467. 8. pilifera, F. 369, Syn. Car. Whee eta 8. rostrata ‘Syn. Can, eademn. ‘Var. Aaryina freq. et. Pennsyly.: | Seis! aE *1613. 468. S. pRurryora, Lv. ng ‘rarissime: in cores drupis Juglandis cinereae. “Beth inveni speciem distinctissimam.. ” RgilP? hi S. conferta, atra, tomento A byssoideo, an fortuite®. tihiowdiatis albo, ~ Peritheciis suai pro ratione, hemisphaericjs, agmine denso provenientibus, Ostiolis Ie es Seoibesin atrictis. 1614. 469. S. stricta, F. 372, Syn. Car. 144, vulgaris etiam Bethl. ~ wg ey = Snes *1615... 470. S. brevirostris, F. 374, in lignis cariosis, Bethlehem. a Cg as aoe - Spare 1616. 471. S. cirrhosa, F. $75, Syn. Car. 145, vulgaris ét. Bethl. WAS a7 Mains fe ne men ae ; *1617. 472. S. mucronata, F.376,rara mihi Salem Carol. obvia. “¢ Nepssatmagtig %y 1618. 473. 8. Sprva, L. y. S., Syn. Car. seth a 37751 in ramis fraxineis nec abi, sed. etiam Grits etex Nova Anglia. ‘ wg *1619. 474. S. rostellata, F. 379, § in stipitibus octet eisipeoarans Bethlehem “mibi hecia: *1620.. 475. S. microscopica, F . 380, elegantula Species non tam rara in lignis Bethl. ‘ *1621. 476. S. rxvzsTiva, L. y. S., in lignis cariosis’inventa, emergens ex tomento byssino crassiusculo; badio-ferrugineo aut lutescente, quo omnino. vestitar! Ceterum S- rostratae ee affinia, eterna) eadem, si tomentum adventitium. i Bhs pd gis aan ' S. peritheciis globosis majusculis demum liberis, primum ligno et tomento immersis, Ovtilis maghis longis, rigidis, sulcato-tuberculosis, sursum incrassatis. ‘Peritheciis, cum. ostiolisatiis. | Pde) a aaah » *1692. 477. S. assecza, L. vy. S., semper in consortio et cireum puted variarum = pte obyal- latarum sub epidermide Gastatiete crestit.ye tit hese : S. minutissima, fusca. Peritheciis globosis; | ostiolo triplo lanpiog inclinato, pt iticnas “dined ia tereti. Catervis “maximis dense aggregatis interdum pease circumdat a — : Sphaeriarum, Vix unquam cireinnat, sed affinis est S. “pusillac. . RIE Ty t - Trib. (23. OBTECTAB. Sf fe RAS oe So" , be : Amy ee aM Tienaiiles, . : *1623. 478. S. hiascens, F. 382, rara in lignis (fagineis?) Bowl differt tamen pene aggregatis omnino emersis. 1624. 479. S. runencurosa, L. y. S.,Syn. Car. 164, F. 383, ae et obyia in Pennsylvania Nazarethis in Robinia viscosa. fe *1625. 480. S. astroidea, F. 384, in tranco Broussonetiae et alibi in setaalin lignis, Bethl. - *1626. 481. S. eutypa, F.585, Bethlehem in Rh. typhina et Populo. P “ty NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. Q17 1627. 482. S. operculata, F. 386, Syn. Car. 195, Salem et Bethl. *1628. 483. S. crypta, F. 387? ad ligna vetusta, Bethl. 1629. 484. S. livida, F. 388, Syn. Car. 196, Bethl. in Rhoi. *1630. 485. S. foedans, F. 389, Salem et Bethl. "1631. 486. S. anserina, F. 390, Bethlehem. Concrescentibus affinis. "1632. 487. S. nazvieara, L, v. S., in lignis mollioribus, Bethl. Affinis S. eutypae. S. crustam efficiens longe lateque effusam, contiguam, laevigatam ad 6 uncias extensam, determinato ambitu totum ramum ambientem, nigrescentem. Peritheciis sparsis, magnis, globoso-depressis, ligno ime immersis, evacuatis: ostiolo vix in crusta prominente, tamen ut punctum quasi in superficie conspicuum, collo manifesto cum perithecio connexo. An ad Concrescentes. “1633. 488. S. rvunpatorvm, L.v. S., lignis flumine Delaware, Kaign’s point, immersis, increscit. S. gregaria, crusta longe lateque effisa rimosa tecta, unde lignum quasi adustum se ostendit. Peri- theciis sparsis latentibus sub crusta in ligno, globoso-depressis absque collo, sed ostiolis subpezizoi- deo-umbilicatis per tuberculum crustaceum subelevatum prorumpentibus, primum applanato glo- boso subclausis, demum apertis. *1634. 489. S. excussa, L. v.S., freq. in ramis junioribus Pyri mali, Bethl. affinis S. foedanti. S. peritheciis magnis dense sparsis sub epidermide subsoluto libro immersis. Ostiolo punctiformi, primum poro per epidermidem prorumpente, demum denudato. Tum perithecia in conspectum veniunt magna ampullaeformia, rugosa, circumcirca sulcata, in ostiola crassa colliformia elon- gata, poro latiusculo rotundo perforata. Acetate perithecia facillime e libro excussa, foyeolos linquent subrotundos bilineares. "1635. 490. S. penvpans, L. y. S., sub epidermide nascens, demum sese denudans, Bethl. S. sparsa ac aggregata, oblongo-globosa, depressa. Peritheciis immersis demum prominulis, intus ellipticis, cortice quodam interno cinerascenti vestitis, evacuatis, ceterum nigris. Ostiolis minimis papillatis in apice depresso sitis, interdum Hysterioideis. *1636. 491. S. Rosax, L. y. S., in teneris ramulis Rosarum, New Jersey. S. sparsa, in erusta nigro-fusca sub epidermide longe lateque effusa, primum tecta, demum denudata. Peritheciis crustae subimmersis, hemisphaerice protrusis, oblongo-globosis, rugosis, atris, eyacuatis, Ostiolis primum per epidermidem yix prominentibus et nigrotingentibus, demum breviter conicis. "1637. 492. S. awrrros, L. v. S., in valde corruptis ramentis Vitis Beth]. primum epidermide tuta. S. seriatim distanter sparsa, minuta, circumscissa, subfusca, globoso-applanata. Ostiolo prominente per rimas corticis. ** Corticolae. "1638. 493. S. ocellata, F. 391, rarius Bethl. sub cortice Pruni virg. 1639. 494. S.onrecra, L. y. S., F. 395, Syn. Car. 206, in ramis fruticum Carolina necdum in Pennsyly. *1640. 495. S. vibratilis, F. 396, sub cortice Pruni virginianae, Bethl. "1641. 496. S. lanata, F. 397, sub cortice Betuli nigrae, ibid. "1642. 497. S. paetula, F. 399, sub epidermide Sambuci, ibid. *1643. 498. S. pupula, F. 401, sub epidermide Platani, Bethl. 1644. 499. S. circumeissa, F. 402, Syn. Car. 202, passim et Bethl. "1645. 500. S. clandestina, F. 403, sub epidermide Sambuci, ibid. *1646. 501. S. personata, F. 404, sub epidermide Liriodendri, ibid. 1647. 502. S. Tiliae, F. 405, Syn. Car. 205, vulgaris et Bethl. *1648. 503. S. pruinosa, F. 406, Bethl. sub epidermide, Rhoid. 1649. 504. S. inguinans, F. 407, Syn. Car. 201, in Acere, &c. Bethl. "1650. 505. S. mamillana, F. 409, ramis junioribus Celastri, ibid. *1651. 506. S. clypeata, F. 410, yulgata in Rosis et Rubis, Sal. et Bethl. 1652. 507. S. Gossxrr, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 207, F. 412, non in Pennsylv. *1653. 508. S. ditopa, F. 394, sub Liriod. epidermide, Bethl. *1654. 509. S. corticis, F. 393, in ramis junioribus*Aceris Pennsylyanicae, Mauch Chunk. *1655. 510. S. pistrncra, L. v. S., sub epidermide Sambuci pubentis, Bethl. t S.sparsa, epidermide tenerrimo obtecta, majuscula, immersa libro albescenti interioris corticis. Peri- theciis atris, orbicularibus, depressis, glabris, ore rotundo majore, persistentibus in cortice, epider- Vor. IV.—3 E 218 SYNOPSIS OF mis avulsae, cum ostiolis eam perforantibus, non prominentibus, cylindricis brevibus, umbilicatis apice. *1656. 511. S. orryacro-n1rra, L, v. S., sub epidermide majorum ramorum Mori albae, Bethl. S. sparsa, majuscula, ostiolis crassis, cylindricis, pertusis, persistentibus, epidermidem penetrantibus, dejecta qua apparent perithecia magna, applanata, circumcirca olivaceo-hirta, librum corticis colore olivaceo-nigro tingentia, subimmersa, gelatina alba farcta dein evacuata. *1657. 512. S. anno-rarcra, L. vy. S., in junioribus ramulis Sassafras, quos longe lateque inquinat coloreatro. Bethl. S. sparsa aut gregaria, atro-inquinans. Peritheciis tectis, cortice omnino immersis, minutissimis, albo- farctis, solummodo sectione cultelli distinguendis, globosis, horizontaliter striatis, indistincte ostiolatis, ostiolo prospiciente per rimulas corticis atro-inquinati. *1658. $13. S. renxetxa, L. vy. S., in libro fibroso Hibisci rosei Hortorum Bethl. sub epidermide. S. sparsa, nidulans in libro sub epidermide. Peritheciis minutis elliptico-oblongis et globosis, non glabris, nigrofuscis, facillime avulso libro attolluntur—sed manent frustulis subtecta. Ostiolis minu- tissimis, in conspicuum venientibus inter rimulas epidermidis, quasi ex disco. Interdum plura ostiola ex uno perithecio prorumpere videntur, ceterum globoso-papillata et fere umbilicata. *1659. 514. S. Dapunrois, L. vy. S., sub epidermide emortui Daph. Mezerei horto, Bethl. S. primum epidermide tecta, demum nuda, immersa libro. Peritheciis globoso-depressis nigro-fuscis tomentosis, demum orbatis, immersis crustae floccosae nigrotinctae. Intus nigro-farctis. Ostiolis primum papillaribus, demum rudibus, deformibus, elevatis, praesertim in denudatis peritheciis aetate rugosis. Nuda specimina majora praecedentibus speciebus. Atro-inquinat. *1660. 515. S. ruscrscENs, L. y. S., sub epidermide Castaneorum Salem et Bethl., non immersa, sed parenchymate libri fusci insidens. S. aggregata et sparsa, primum omnino epidermide tecta, sed hac dejecta, insidet libro omnino libera, saepe tamen cum epidermide attollitur. Peritheciis minutis ovato conicis, rugosissimis, nigris aut fuscescentibus, albo-farctis, interdum collapsis, confluentibus cum ostiolis papillatis, prospicienti- bus ex epidermidis rimis. Massa spermatica nigrescens, sed vix crustam efficiens circumfusa ob- servatur. *1661. 516. S. partronara, L. vy. S., in elongatis ramis non spinosis Rosae corymbosae, Bethl. aemulans S. insititiam et Rosae. S. subseriatim in rimis epidermidis aggregata in caespitulis ellipticis, interdum confluens. Primum tecta cuticula interna epidermidis albescentis, demum sublibera, sed semper quasi pallio ab hac circumyoluta. Peritheciis majusculis, pro ratione, paucis tantum in caespitulo, globoso-applanatis, aterrimis, punctato-rugosis, ostiolo manifesto papillato. “1662. 517. S. nuurna, L. y. S., frequens occurrit sub epidermide Rhois glabri Bethl. An sit Didy- mosporium? S. gregaria, longe lateque prorumpens ex epidermide ab ea arcte cincta et satis prominula. Perithe- ciis aterrimis applanatis, rotundatis, papilla centrali astiolatis, sporidiis creberrimis profluentibus. Epidermide secedente, in interim pagina observatur crusta contigua corticalis nigra, et ex peritheciis hemisphaericis, nigris, glabris, interjacentibus quasi crebre pustulata. *1663. 518. S. conspersa, L. vy. S., sub epidermide trunci emortui Robinae yiscosae Nazareth in horto academico. S. gregatim quidem sed tamen sparsa; primum sub epidermide tecta, demum decedente; ostiolis tantum prorumpentibus quasi disco minuto concavo. Epidermide dejecto, perithecia numerosa, aterrima mediocra in conspectum yeniunt, basi applanato-rotundata, et ostiolo dejecto, late pertusa- inania. Perfecta autem coronata sunt ostiolo sphaeriaeformi, adaequante dimidiam magnitudinem perithecii. Basis libro subimmersa est, et totum perithecium sporidiis creberrime conspersum aut punctulatum effusis etiam in ambitu. Quodam modo similis Sphaeriae sphacrocephalae nostrae. Trib. 24, OpruravaeE. 1664. 519. S. Screnorrum, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 163, F. 416, nunquam mihi obyia in Pennsylvania. Ostropa, F. S. Veg. p. 110. *1665. 520. S. uberiformis, F. 417, pulcherrima et distincta in ramis putridissimis Betulae, Bethl. 1666. 521. S. rnumrens, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 209, F. 419, in ramis Smilacis Carolinae et Pennsyly, "1667. 522. S. Syringae, F. 421, passim in Syringa, Bethl. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 219 *1668. 523. S. Lonicerae, F. 422, in L. sempervirenti, ibid. *1669. 524. S. tenacella, F. 423, in ramis junioribus ibid, *1670. 525. S. opilata, F. 425, in virgultis betulignis, ibid. *1671. 526. S. Fraxini, F. 426, etiam in Ulmo Bethl. *1672. 527. S. Juglandis, F. 427, non rara in Juglandinis, ibid. *1673. 528. S. palina, F. 428, locis suis rarior, Bethl. "1674. 529. S. pyrina, F. 429, in Malis frequens ibid. *1675. 530. S. strobilina, F. 431, passim in Conis. Perfectissima in strobilis laricinis, Bethl. "1676. 531. S. Verrucaria, F. 434, in cortice Betulino ib. *1677. 532. S., Runorum, L. v. S., vulgaris in antiquis stipitibus Ruborum, praesertim Rubi strigosae cultae Bethl. S. sparsa aut gregaria, saepe seriata, sub epidermide mox dejecta. Peritheciis ovyato-globosis aut hemisphaericis, paululum immersis libro corticali cum fibris ceterum assurgentibus, atris, rugosis, pro ratione majusculis, tuberculo magno, saepe dimidium perithecium adaequante, coronatis ostioli ad instar, punctato-rugoso. Interdum hoc multo minus eyadit. Perithecia demum saepissime dimi- diata evacuata, quasi cupulata superstitia remanent, “1678. 533. S. oxryascens, L. y. S., rarissime Salem in virgultis ignotis. S. fere omnino tecta epidermide efficiente maculam oliyaceo-nigram, quacum perithecia assurgunt minuta hemisphaerica, globosa, albofarcta, demum evacuata, Ostiolo pertuso solummodo prospiciunt ex macula, ceterum omnino tecta, nec ullibi libera. *1679. 534. S. sussumerex, L. v. 8., freq. in junioribus ramis Rhoi glabr. frigore emortuis Bethl. S. primum tenerrima epidermide alba tecta, per quam ostiola prospiciunt: mox orbata, in conspectum veniunt perithecia dense aggregata, cortici subimmersa, saepe confluentia (unde tantum subsim- plex dicitur) oblongo-hemisphaerica, depressa, rugosa, atra, papillata: papilla decidua, tum pertusa. #1680. 535. S. amonrnuta, L. y. S., in juniorum ramorum Juglandis cortice, Beth]. S. dense aggregata, imo passim caespitosa, sub epidermide in parenchymate corticali ac insuper epi- dermidem crescens. Peritheciis amorphis aut polymorphis subconfluentibus parum elevatis, carbo- naceis, atris, astomis aut indistincte ostiolatis; albo-farctis. *1681. 536. S. Carsurarum, L. y. S., in variis capsulis plantarum y, c. Conyolvuli purpur. Bethl. S. simplex, sparsa, applanato-hemisphaerica, minuta, papillata, papilla decidua; ad basin cincta tener- rima cinerascente epidermide capsulae cui, statu juniori, innata autimmersa. Peritheciis atris, rugo- sis, albo-farctis, statu madidiori et juniori intumescentibus et fuscescentibus. "1682. 537. S. Druranvm, L. y. S., an hujus Tribus! sed species valde distincta non infrequens in drupis nucum Juglandis nigrae semiputridis, primum tecta epidermide drupae, demum hac squamu- latim dejecta, fere denudata. _ S. arctim aggregata, nigra et crustaceo-confluens. Peritheciis creberrimis ovatis, rugosis, indistincte ostiolatis, albo-faretis, demum eyacuatis. Denudatis demum peritheciis squamulae corticis hinc inde adhaerent. *1683. 538, S. romorum, L. y. S., affinis priori non rara (et minus eyoluta jam Salem observata) in pomis exsiccatis per hiemem in arboribus praesertim Cydoniis, Bethl. S. sparsa et aggregata, quasi insidens crusta nigra sub epidermide tenerrima pomi, quae demum squa- mulatim rupta decidua est; primum quasi stellatim fissa circum singula perithecia. Peritheciis ovatis, difformibus, magis prominulis quam in priori, rugosis, atris, albo-farctis, minutim papillatis. *1684. 539, S. Lieusrnri, L. vy. S., in ramulis ligustrinis Bethlehem, Sphaeriam circinnantem reyocat. S. sparsa, crebris speciminibus, prorumpens tantum ex epidermide arctim cingente ostiolis, aut supe- riori parte perithecii, satis elevata. Ostiolis majusculis globoso-conicis, atris, glabris. Peritheciis deorsum per epidermidem penetrantibus sic ut in aversa pagina secedentis in conspectum yeniunt ut bullae majusculae nigrofuscae saepe collapsae, linquentibus foveolos hemisphaericos in libro corti- cali. Intus nigrofarctis demum eyacuatis. #1685. 540. S. Azarezaz, L. y. S., non infrequens in truncis et ramis emortuis Azaleae nudiflorae, Bethl. 8. per rimas flexuosas epidermidis, quasi seriatim erumpens, immersa libro corticali subjacente Peri- theciis yix confluentibus, subdistantibus, minoribus, atris, rugosis cum ostiolo subpezizoideo-umbi- licato confluentibus, parietibus internis crassis; evacuatis. *1686. S41. S. concomrrans, L, y. $., in petiolis majorum foliorum arborum, ubi per ictum Insectarum in gallam ampliati sunt, Bethl, 220 SYNOPSIS OF S. sparsa, prorumpens, primum tecta, minuta, punctiformis fere aut subglobosa, astoma, intus evacu- ata, atra. Mox collapsa, formam pezizoideam induit. “1687. 542. S. xrnroLans, L. y. S., prorumpens in ramis salicinis, Bethl. S. majuscula, gregarie prorumpens, arcte cincta ab epidermide. Peritheciis pluribus saepe confluen- tibus in lineolas irregulares, extus ceterum atris, scaberrimis, difformibus aut globoso-applanatis; ostiolis indistinctis, spargentibus sporidia atrofusca, quibus perithecia demum evacuata repleta sunt. Juniori aetate subtecta epidermide elevata. *1688. 543. S. oprusa, L. v. S., caules Rubi villosi gregibus vastis infestat, Bethicheth, antiquissimos. S. primum epidermide tecta et eam elevans; demum denudata, sparsa, sed agmine denso occupans caules. Ostiolis obtusis subeleyatis: Peritheciis nigris obovatis rugosis et difformibus, minutis, nudis aut epidermide basi cinctis. Junioriaetate fuscis subpellucidis, cinctis massa albida subpulve- racea demum eyanida. Peritheciis albofarctis. Trib. 25. SuprecrTaz. 1689. 544. S. spHaznoceruata, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 166, F. 436, solummodo in Carolina observata. *1690. 545. S. sarmentorum, F. 438, in Menispermo et Celastro non rara Bethl. *1691. 546. S. sulcata, F. 439, ramulis junioribus Bignoniae, Bethl. *1692. 547. S. saepincola, F. 440, in rosis et rubis Bethl. freq. “1693. 548. S. foveolaris, F. 443, in ramis fraxineis Bethl., differt aliquomoda ab friesiana—peritheciis nempe majoribus ac minus confertis. *1694, 549. S. Cacti, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 227, F. 445, Salem tantum. *1695. 550. S. Tawi, F. 447, in Taxo canadensi, Easton. 1696. 551. S. atrovirens, F. 448, Syn. Car. 226, in Visco, Salem. *1697. 552. S. Buai, F. 448, 4, vulgaris Bethl. species dist. *1698. 553. S. Ilicis, F. 449, Salem in foliis Ilicis opacae. “1699. 554. S. Cueurbitaceorum, F. 452, in fructu C. lagenariae, Bethl. frequens. *1700. 555. S. yaccrnicota, L. y. S., affinis S. saepincola in virgultis Vacciniorum Bethl. 4. an diversa in Ceanotho. S. sparsa, tecta, peritheciis depresso-globosis, subrugosis, evacuatis aut gelatina fuliginosa spermatica repletis, prospicientibus per rimas minutissimas epidermidis, vix papillatis, atris. Walde minuta et subatro-inquinans. *1701. 556. S. Karmranum, L.y. S., frequentissima in foliis dejectis Kalmiae et Rhododendri, cum sequenti valde affinis S. atrovirenti, Salem et Bethl. S. sparsa, aterrima, immatura tamen turgens et fusca, rarius propellans cirrhulum simplicem breyem fuscum. Peritheciis hemisphaericis, innatis, evacuatis demum. Major S. atrovirenti. *1702. 557. S. AnpRromeparum, L. y. S., in foliis perennantibus, sed corruptis Andromedae axillaris, Salem. S. sparsa, omnino tecta, innata, minutissima, assurgens cum epidermide non discolorata; ostiolo minu- tissimo solummodo prospiciente et propullante cirrhulum simplicem candidum. Peritheciis nigris, depresso-globosis, albo-farctis, parenchymate immersis. *1703. 558. S. Samanar, L. v. S,, frequens in Samaris Fraxini acuminatae, Bethl. S. sparsa, primum tecta tenerrima epidermide, quae tum stellatim rupta, perithecia obtusa fere astoma punctato-rugosa, nigrofusca patefacit, repleta massa spermatica alba (siccitate subcornea) demum evyacuata. Juniora interdum cirrhulum emittunt simplicem atrofuscum strictum; hac aetate peri- thecia omnino immersa sunt. *1704. 559. S. Jasmrnt, L. y. S., in suculis emortuis Jasmini culti in bortis, Bethl. S. sparsa, sed passim in quincunx approximata, minuta, fusca, apice albescente, ab epidermide tecta, quacum assurgit. Peritheciis ceterum ellipticis aut subrotundis. Demum cum epidermide collapsis, disco collapso subrugoso. Intus fuscescens, evacuata. Affinis videtur S. Panacis secundum de- scriptionem. Trib. 26, CavLrincoLar. *1705. 560. S. pellita, F. 455, in junioribus ramis Carduorum, Bethl. “1706. 561. S. trichustoma, F. 457, in culmis secalinis Bethl. . *1707. 562. S. relicina, F. 459, in culmis cerealium, Bethl. 1708. 563. S. rubella, F. 461, Syn. Car. 157, « et 4, etiam Pennsyly. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 221 "1709. 564. S. acuminata, F. 463, in caulibus plantarum Bethl. "1710. 565. S. curvirostris, F. 464, in caulibus umbellatarum, ib. 1711. 566. S. acuta, F. 465, Syn. Car. 152, vulgaris et. Pennsylv. 1712. 567. S. lingam, F. 466, Syn. Car. 191, valde protea in variis caulibus et Pennsyly. Interdum in macula nigra epidermidis insidet, tum S. rudis, nostra olim. *1713. 568. S. complanata, F. 468, (Syn. Car.) Salem et Beth]. "1714. 569. S. coniformis, F. 469, saepe seriatim in caulibus, ibid. "1715. 570. S. suffulta, F. 470, rarius Bethl. forma ascorum distincta. 1716. 571. S. doliolum, F. 471, Syn. Car. 192, et. Pennsyly. vulgaris. “1717. 572. S. caulium, F. 473, Bethl. passim. "1718. 573. S. culmifraga, F. 475, in culmis Tritici, Bethl. 1719. 574. S. herbarum, F. 477, Syn. Car. 193, ubique in caulibus. 1720. 575. S. patella, F. 478, Syn. Car. 189, vulg. in Pastinaca, Bethl. *1721. 576. S. penicillus, F. 467, in sarmentis Humuli prope flumen Lehigh omnino sarmenta exaspe- rans; Pilis penicillatis demum dejectis. "1722. 577. S. Pisi, F. 472, frequens Bethl. ad caules Pisi, &c. *1723. 578. S. Arundinis, F. 474, ad culmos Zizaniae, Philad. "1724. 579. S. scirpicola, F. 476, rarius in S. atrovirente, Bethl. *1725. 580. S. Plinthis, F. 479, in tenuioribus caulibus et culmis ibid. "1726. 581. S. Vernascrcora, L. y. S., affinis S. pafellae, vulgatissima in caulibus atque in capsulis Verbasci Bethl. S. primum tecta, aggregata ac sparsa; initio hemisphaerica rugoso-punctata, nigra: demum regulariter collapsa, applanata. Ostiolo centrali latiori fere hysteriiforme. Saepe latet sub lana caulis deter- gibili; minor est S. patella. In capsulis evolutior ac varie collapsa. "1727. 582. S. nigrella, F. 480, frequens in variis caulibus macula nigra insidens, Bethl. *1728. 583. S. poliota, F. 481, passim ad caules Bethl. *1729. 584. S. galbana, F. 482, praesertim obyia in caulibus Chenopodiorum et Amaranthorum, Bethl. "1730. 585. S. disseminata, F. 484, passim ad caules. Specimina nostra paulo majora quam Friesii. *1731. 586. S. reer, L. v. S., in caulibus plantarum majorum, Bethl. S.tecta, nec unquam liberata, longe lateque sparsa in caule ibidem obscurius colorato. Peritheciis depressis ellipticis, papilla globosa decidua coronatis, intus albo-farctis. Epidermide caulis circum- circa cinerascente. *1732. 587. S. waryrcora, L. vy. S., in libro caulium Malvae Alceae epidermide orbato Bethl. obvia. S. minuta, subseriata, ex libro prorumpens, demum libera, forma yariante; in perfectissimis conica aut etiam globosa, obtusa et deformis, ostiolo confluente perithecio. Peritheciis albo-farctis, demum eyacuatis, extus obsitis pilis griseo-nigris, divergentibus; interdum denudatis. "1733. 588. S. Lacrucarum, L. v. S., passim in caulibus Lactucarum et Sonchorum, Bethl. S. omnino tecta, macula fibrillosa cinerea (Dothideae): passim a peritheciis subjacentibus, globoso- depressis, albo-farctis, elevata. Ostiolis atris globosis, umbilicatis prominulis. Longitudine unciali, macula non absimilis 8. nebulosae caulem ambit—superficie tamen inaequabili. "1754. 589. S. renvissima, L. y.S., in caulibus Polygonati latifolii, Bethl. S. tecta, sparsa, atronitens: peritheciis astomis atro-fuscovirentibus, tenuissimis, statu vegeto hemis- phaericis mox collapsis, per epidermidem conspicuis sed vix denudatis. *1735. 590. S. sierra, L. y. S., rara in caulibus Verbasci, Bethlehem. S. solitaria, sparsa, nuda, in ligno caulis Verbasci omnino referens sphaeriam e grege Villosarum. Peritheciis hemisphaericis, demum pezizoideo-collapsis, astomis, undique setis rigidis, nigris, sparsis, longitudine peritheciorum obsitis, ceterum peritheciis glabris. *1736. 591. S. wavicuranis, L. vy. S., rarain caulibus mihi solummodo Salem obvia. S. macula nigra praedita, sed interdum etiam in caule sparsa, forma quadam elliptica naviforme elongata, utringue obtuse contracta, non glabra, indistincte papillata, demum irregulariter collapsa. Primum cum macula sub epidermide latens, demum semisoluta aut laxissime tantum affixa; substantia carbo- -nacea-pulveracea. *1737. 592. S. oprusara, L. v. S., in variis stipitibus Bethl. reperta. S. primum tecta, demum omnino libera, sparsa, majuscula, atra, parenchymate stipitis circumcirca Vou. IV.—3 F 2929 SYNOPSIS OF lutescenti et quasimaculam efficiente. Peritheciis variis, omnibus autem apice obtusatis; e eylindrico- globosis aut rotundatis, satis elevatis, demum subcollapsis, glabris. Ostiolo hysteriiforme tranversali. *1738. 593. S. prarypus, L.y.S., elegantula propior S. acutae, solummodo reperta in caulibus Ane- monis yirginianae, Bethl. S. sparsa, aterrima, minuta; junior tecta, sed plerumque nuda obvia- Insidet basi applanata rotundata, margine siccitate subinflexa; a caule faciliter soluta, interdum ambitu sublobato; in hac basi assurgit perithecium conico-globosum, quasi punctatum a sporidiis profluentibus ex ostiolo globoso-papillato; ceterum glabrum et fere nitidum. *1739. 594. S. Potyeont sacrrratr, L. y. S., magna copia occupat (sed rarius) caules emortuos Poly- goni sagittati, Bethlehem corruptissimos. S. sparsa, sed copiose tegens caules, atra, demum omnino libera, primum tecta, applanato-globosa, rugosissima. Ostiolo e cylindrica forma papillato fuscescenti. Interdum observatur basis subeffusa ut in priori. *1740. 595. S. Brasstcaz, L. y. S., rara in caulibus induratis Brassicae in cellis, Bethl. S. sparsa erumpens inter fibros caulis, majuscula exacte globosa aut hemisphaerica, nigra aut subfus- cescens, astoma, demum rupta, ita ut inferior pars perithecii, irregulariter lacerata et evacuata su- perstes manet in caule. Peritheciis ceterum extus glabris nisi punctatis a sporidiis profiuentibus. *1741. 596. S. Cannanis, L. y. S., sub epidermide Cannabis interdum seriata, Salem. S. sparsa aut seriatim disposita, demum prorumpens ex tenerrima epidermide, minutissima, applanato- globosa, rugosa; ostiolo minuto, quasi vulvaeformi, indistincto. Tota sphaeria facillime decedit cum epidermide. *1742. 597. S. Lacrrscentrum, L. y. S., ad inferiorem partem caulium Asclepiadis syriaci, Bethl. S. densissime aggregata, majuscula, primum sub epidermide tecta, in fibris corticalibus, quibuscum faciliter decedit sita, demum liberata. Peritheciis nigris rugosis subconfluentibus, subconicis et irregularibus, demum subcollapsis, semper autem globulo spermatico candido coronatis, Plagas pedales occupat in caule. “1743. 598. S. Ascrepranis, L. y. S., frequens in superiori parte caulium Asclep. syriaci, ibid. S. sparsa, tecta, sed per epidermidem atronitens conspicua oblongo-applanata, parum tantum eleyata, passim confluens, extus corrugata, astoma, intus nigro-farcta. Quanquam semper desunt setulae Exosporii, vereor nisi ad hoc genus pertineat. Ceterum valde notabilis species. "1744. 599. S. Daronar, L. v. S., in capsulis et stipitibus Daturae Salem ac Bethl. S. primum tecta, minuta, sub epidermide latens sparsa, yix unquam omnino denudata. Forma perithe- ciorum applanata. Ceterum peritheciis rugulosis subcollapsis, papillatim ostiolatis—colore nigro- fusco. Occurrit etiam in aculeis Capsulae. “1745. 600. S. scarrncona, L. v. S., yulgatissima in scapis Yuccae filamentosae cultae, Bethl. S. minutissima, orbiculata, vix tecta, sed ut puncta densissime sparsa epidermidi tenerrima insidens, nigra, applanata, subcollapsa, rugulosa, puncto centrali quasi papillata yix perceptibili. Haec sphaeria per totum scapum glabratum sparsa, eleganter eum punctulat. *1746. 601. S, amprrara, L. y.S., an ad Concrescentes? in caulibus Umbellatarum plerumque ex macula indeterminata nigra, Salem. S$. tecta, macula nempe subcorticali late effusa. Peritheciis compressis in ipsa substantia caulis nidu- lantibus ubi observantur foveoli, post perithecium destructum. Ostiolo crasso, subprominulo, cylin- drico, pertuso apice ampliato. "1747. 602. S. nunrcunpa, L. v. S., in caulibus Solani et Chenopodii, Salem et Bethl. $. macula rubicunda aequabili vix determinata, tecta. Peritheciis minutis, nigris, papillatis (papillis seriatim prominentibus) inter epidermidem et librum nidulantibus epidermide rubro-colorato. Affi- nis S. rubellae. "1748. 603. S. ximactna, L. y. S., in caulibus Asclepiadis syriaci, Bethl. S. rubicundae similis. $. tecta, macula indeterminata semper lilacina, Peritheciis late sparsis nidulantibus sub macula, mi- nutissimis atris, passim subprominentibus. "1749. 604. S. Tacrriconxa, L. v. S., in caulibus Tagetum in hortis cultis, Bethlehem. $. tecta, demum sublibera, sparsa in macula epidermidis cinerascenti. Peritheciis minutis, saepe 2—3 confluentibus subseriatis, epidermidem valde eleyantibus, albo-farctis. Ostiolis e cylindrico- globosis, valde prominentibus, NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 223 "1750. 605. S. Zizantax, L. v. S., frequens in culmis foliisque Zizaniae, Philadelphia. S. sparsa, simplicissima, rugulosa, minuta, atra, globosa, immersa, sed in pagina inferiori protrusa. Ostiolo globoso autem punctiformiter impresso, prominente in pagina superiore, quasi sphaeru- lam mentiente. Pars inferior protrusa aut bullosa hemisphaerica, pro ratione majuscula, interdum collapsa, : "1751. 606. S. Zinnraz, L. y. S., in petiolis et pedunculis Zinniae multifiorae Bethl. cultae. S. erumpens, simplex, sparsa, fibrillulis radiantibus indistinctis circumdata, ovata, nigra, rugosa, minuta, demum ore perforato, interdum collapsa. "1752. 607. S. evunsa, L. v. S., rarius in sarmentis et caulibus herbarum scandentium Bethl. obvia. S. sparsa, semilinearis, primum omnino tecta fibris, quibuscum facillime evulsa, cum tantum laxiter insidet. Peritheciis depressis ex basi latiuscula subconice eleyatis abientibus in ostiolum minutum perforatum. Cum fibris avulsa, subtus saepe collapsa. *1753. 608. S. wexortaca, L. y. S., passim Bethl. in majoribus caulibus. S. gregaria, epidermide tenui primum tecta, demum denudata, in crusta nigra aut subfuscescente subimmersa, quacum satis assurgit et demum penetrat. Tum in conspectum yeniunt perithecia crebra difformiter globosa sublibera, astoma, rugosa, nigra, evacuata. Interdum centro impresso subostiolata. *1754. 609. S. Mynnurs, L. vy. S., in tenerrimis ramulis Myrrhis canadensis, Bethl. S. Maculae fuligineo-cinereae tenerae subdeterminatim effusae, uncialis, angustae nec ambientes quibus insident perithecia sparsa, minuta, e globoso-conica, atrofusca, substantia tenerrima, glabra, subcol- labentia, cum ostiolo confluentia, primum ex parenchymate prorumpentia demum superficialia punc- tiformia. Similitudo quaedam cum S, nebulosa. "1755. 610. S. xcurnoruixa, L. v. S., in spinis Involucrorum Castaneorum freq. Bethl. S.sparsa, prorumpens, demum nuda, crassitiem spinae excedens; humectata subfusca; sicca, nigra, glabra, fere globosa, ostiolata papilla manifesta acutiuscula. "1756. 611. S.sunciceNa, L. vy. S., in antiquissimis culmis Zizaniae, Philad. S. seriatim sparsa in sulcis culmorum, minutissima, primum epidermide tenerrima tecta, nigrotincta, subimmersa, subrotunda, applanata, papillata; papilla obtusiuscula decidua. "1757. 612. S. Pastrnacas, L, y. S., in caulibus denudatis epidermide Pastinacae, Bethl. S. sparsa quidem sed effiguratim approximatis peritheciis, citrofuscis, primum epidermide tectis, de- mum denudatis subrotundo-oboyatis aut difformibus, interdum navicularibus, minutis, rugoso-punctatis, papillatis, demum irregulariter collapsis. Trib. 27. Foxrtcorar. *1758. 613. S. barbata, F. 486, in foliis tiliaceis, Bethl. 1759. 614. S. Sannacenraz, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 77, F. 492, etiam in Sarracenia, Hope, New Jersey. "1760. 615. S. flaccida, F. 493, Bethlehem in Paeonia. 1761. 616. S. tubaeformis, F. 494, Syn. Car. 148, et. Bethl. *1762. 617. S. melanostyla, F. 495, frequens in Tiliae fol. ibid. 1763. 618. S. Gnomon, F. 497, Syn. Car. 149, et. Bethl. 1764. 619. S. setacea, F. 500, Syn. Car. 150, in folio betulino ibid. 1765. 620. S. Solani, F. 501, Syn. Car. 151, et Bethl. 1766. 621. S. perrotorvm, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 153, F. 502, etiam in Pennsylvania occurrit in petiolis foliorum. 1767. 622. S. pynamrpanis, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 156, F. 505, in Malo. 1768. 623. S. Porentrixag, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 208, F. 506, in foliis exsoletis Potentillae canadensis et simplicis etiam frequens in Pennsyly. *1769. 624. S. Fracanras, L. y. S., frequens vere ad folia exsoleta Fragariarum in hortis, Bethl. S. sparsa et gregaria, primum folio innata et proveniens in macula grisea bullata paginae superioris. Peritheciis demum emersis, globoso-elongatis, nigris, subrugosis, interdum ostiolo brevi, interdum longissimo cylindrico, immo acuminato, et etiam apice clayato-incrassato, denique in fibrillulas so- luto—ceterum deciduo. *1770. 625. S. Prurna, L. v. S., rara in aversa pagina folii Vitis aestivalis, Bethl. S.sparsa, minutissima, primum immersa, demum emergens, aterrima, globosa, elongata in ostiolum subsetaceum, atrum, deciduum. Extus pruina alba cum folio tecta. 224 SYNOPSIS OF *1771. 626. S. sentina, F. 508, non rara in Vitis folio, Bethl. 1772. 627. S. artocreas, F, 516, Syn. Car. 190, praesertim in fol. Castaneis freq. Bethl. *1773. 628. S. carpinea, F. 518, in foliis carpineis Beth], *1774. 629. S. aquilina, F.515, vulgaris Bethl. in Pteride. 1775. 630. S. myriadea, F. 519, Syn. Car. dendroides, 221, yulgatissima in foliis quercinis, Bethl. et Salem. “1776. 631. S. recutita, F. 520, in foliis Caricum majorum Bethl. 1777. 632. S. maculaeformis, F. 521, Syn. Car. 219, ubique vulgaris. 1778. 633. S. punctiformis, F. 522, Syn. Car. 223, ubique in foliis. *1779. 634. S. cruciferarum, F. 525, in siliculis Cheiranthi, Bethl. *1780. 635. S. subradians, F. 524, in foliis Polygonati, Bethl. “1781. 636. S. Angrxicaxr tucipag, L. vy. S., affinis S. Aegopodii in languescentibus foliis Angelicae lucidae, Bethl. S. sparsa, peritheciis innatis, prominulis, fuscis, astomis collapsis, occupans paginam aversam folii lan- guescentis in macula subcrustacea lutescenti late effusa. *1782. 637. S. prrrernicoza, L. v. S., passim in perigynio Caricum, praesertim C. xanthophysae mon- ticolae. Pocono. Affinis S. recutitae. S. sparsa, minutissima, astoma, nigra, erumpens, subconico-compressiuscula. Peritheciis demum eyacuatis; saepe distanter seriatim erumpentibus. *1783. 638. S. Corrrs, L. v. S., affinis S. leptideae, &c. frequens obvia in foliis emarcidis Coptis trifoliatae in Pocono monte. S. sparsa, epidermide innata, convexa, depressa, atra, rugosa, collabescendo-umbilicata, nunquam denudata. Minor S. leptidea. *1784. 639. S. cornarsa, L. v. S., rarissima in foliis Pyri Mali, Bethlehem. S. sparsa, majuscula, aterrima, orbiculata, collapsa, omnino superficialis. Ostiolo papillato-punctiforme non manifestim pertuso in collapsae sphaeriae centro. Ceterum perithecium hemisphaericum, glabrum—exacte collapsum, refert Scutellam Lichenis aut pezizulam. “1785. 640. S. arertruscuna, L. y. S., rara ab amicissimo Dr Torrey ex New York in aversa pagina folii Ulmi fulvae—altera pagina onusta Dothidea Ulmi. S. sparsa, fusco-nigra, minuta, proveniens ex parenchymate bullato, primum innata; ore maximo demum aperto, et intus evyacuata. Pezizulam refert minutissimam. "1786. 641. S. Morr anzas, L. y. S., frequens in foliis emortuis M. albae Bethl., affinis S. maculaeformi. S. hypophylla, aggregata in macula parva rotunda inaequali. Peritheciis majusculis valde prominulis, rugosis, deformibus, ore coronato globulo albo spermatico, demum deciduo—et tum subaperto. “1787. 642. S. rraxicona, L. y. S., in aversa pagina folii Fraxini etiam affinis S. maculaefor., Beth. frequens. S. hypophylla; peritheciis subinnatis, astomis, nigris, demum fissis orificio longitudinaliter, difformi- bus, paucis tantum conjunctis maculam atram efficientibus minorem. Maculis quasi confluentibus inter se. *1788. 643. S. convexuna, L. y. S., S. punctiformi proxima, frequens in Juglandinis foliis Bethl. S. sparsa per totum folium, innata, minuta, subrugosa superficie, tamen nitida, atra, astoma, valde conyexo-eleyata non collabescens. "1789. 644. S. onsrcuxa, L. y. S., vulgatissima in foliis quercinis praesertim Q. albae Bethl. Affinis S. myriadeae; sed forma maculae perdistincta. S. in maculis exacte orbiculatis, margine quasi linea nigra limitatis, ob aggregationem perithecioram in margine perithecia numerosa aggregata sunt. Maculis } uncialibus diametro, cinerascentibus. Peritheciis minutissimis, innatis, nigris, prominentibus pilis longis sparsis obsitis, demum deciduis, concoloribus. “1790. 645. S. errreunata, L. v.S., etiam affinis S. myriadeae—sed bene distincta. Frequens obvia in pagina ayersa foliorum Fraxini acuminati Bethl. nec in ulla altera specie Fraxini. S$. maculis longe lateque effusis, nigro-cinerascentibus, ambitu determinatim effigurato, et ob frequen- tiam peritheciorum in margine quasi nigrocincto: saepe totum folium in pagina aversa occupans. Peritheciis innumeris minutis accumulatis in his maculis, astomis, subinnatis, convexulis, nigris valde inyicem approximatis, et crusta cinerascenti (ex parenchymate folii?) quasi inter se connexis. “1791. 646. S, arnocrustara, L. y. S., in aversa pagina folii Platani Bethlehem, rarior. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 225 S. Crustae pulveraceae albae cinerascenti indeterminatim yagae effusae insident. Perithecia sparsa nigra, passim inter se in crusta quasi effiguratim aggregata, nec tamen connexa, intus evacuata, pri- mum conyexa subrugosa, demum collapsa. "1792. 647. S. Corn, L. y. S.,rara in Pocono in aversa pagina folii Corni floridae. S. maculas efformans maximas, orbiculatas ambitu, indeterminatas—affinis S. effiguratae. His densim aggregatae sunt caespites trium aut quatuor peritheciorum punctiformium absque ulla crusta, inter se distantes sed frequentes in eadem macula. Peritheciis ipsis astomis innatis, evacuatis extus punctatis. 1793. 648. S. Poryeonatr, L. vy. S., affinis S. subradianti, Bethl. S. sparsa, peritheciis innatis, utrinque prominentibus hemisphaericis, astomis, atris, albofarctis—sed omnino expertibus fibrillularum S. subradiantis. "1794. 649. S. nenrnicoxa, L. y. S., in foliis plantarum variarum herbacearum, Bethl. S. latens sub crusta candida longe lateque effusa subhimantioidea. Peritheciis sparsis, nigris, ostiolatis, demum denudatis, crusta permanente tamen circa ostiola. Ostiolis conicis, longitudine peritheciorum, atris, saepe deciduis; tum perithecia globosa pertusa apparent. "1795. 650. S. cinrrascens, L. y- S., passim in foliis putrescentibus Asclepiadis syriaci valde feracis fungillis, Bethl. S. maculis maximis irregulariter et indeterminatim in utraque pagina effusis, colorem cinerascentem in aversa, nigrum in superiori servantibus, aggregata sunt perithecia innumera, minutissima, atra, innata, subacuminata, astoma aut demum pertusa, sparsa aut inter se effiguratim juncta. "1796. 651. S. incanescens, L. y. S., in aversa pagina foliorum Tiliae Bethl. S. maculis incanescentibus, latis, effusis, indeterminatis, quasi pruinatis, insident perithecia puncti- formia subglobosa, minutissima, nigra, demum evacuata, saepe quasi truncata, aut collapsa. “1797. 652. S. sunnuczans, L. y. S., in superiori pagina Pyri Mali folii Bethl. rara. S. maculas efficiens nigrescentes bulloso-elevatas, orbiculares, quibus innata sunt perithecia numerosa minuta, ostiolis papillatis solummodo prominentibus. "1798. 653. S. Axpromepag, L. y- S., in perennantibus foliis A. axillaris, Salem passim pag. aversa. S. minuta, innata, sparsa interdum subaggregata, crusta cinerea cincta, atra, convexo-globosa, demum quasi circumscissa, parte superiori decedente. Intus evacuata, et sacculo manifesto praedita. "1799. 654. S. Nreneno, L. v. S., in aversa pagina folii Rhois glabri frequentissima Bethl. Affinis S. maculariformi. S. hyphophylla, vix innata; aggregata aut peritheciis acumulatis, majusculis pro ratione, atris rugosis, papillatis gaudens. Ostiolis papillaeformibus subapertis. assim solitaria. Ubi aggregata sunt perithecia, saepe crusta pulyeracea cinerascente, orta ex parenchymate, aspersa. “1800. 655. S. Srarnyneax, L. y. S., vulgatissima obvia in capsulis Staphyleae trifoliatae Bethlehem. Affinis S. punctiformi. S. sparsa, minuta, innata, rarius aggegata, forma irregulari, applanata, nigra, astoma. Intus evacuata, et sacculo manifesto praedita. *1801. 656. S. coccryro-macuzara, L. y. S., in foliis gramineis—ambiens inter hane sectionem et tri- bum sphaeriarum seriatarum, Bethl. S. macula coccinea indeterminata centro elevatiori. In hac prorumpunt perithecia nigra seriatim aut sine ordine, astoma, oblongata, evacuata. Non absimilis S. rubellae. "1802. 657. S. Sormacrvum, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 225, species distinctissima frequens etiam in Penn- sylvania in variis Solidaginibus. Cura Friesio omissa, nescio. Affinis est quodammodo S. Potentillae. Saepe occurrit in consortio Uredinis. Perithecia saepe evadunt majora et subtruncata interdum etiam subostiolata. "1803. 658. S. excreunans, L. y. S., in folio ignoto semivivo dejecto in horto Nazareth. S. subaggregata et sparsa in aversa pagina, superficialis nec innata, globosa aut deformis, minuta, aterrima sed furfure quodam cinereo pruinoso extus tecta, ime concava, collapsa, fundo denudata, ostiolo papillato. Excipulam refert—forte est? "1804, 659. S. rrentnans, L. y. S., hypophyllain foliis quercinis. Affinis est S. myriadeae folium quasi maculis cinereo-nigris tigrinans. S. maculis rotundis et subirregularibus 1 uncialibus cinereo-nigris, centro nigrioribus ob copiam peritheciorum minutissimorum, apparent perithecia tuberculaeformia astomae nigrae. "1805. 660. S. Puettos, L. v. S., in foliis Quercus Phellos horto Bartrami, Philadelphia. Vou. [V.—3 G 226 SYNOPSIS OF S. Peritheciis paucis sparsim in macula griseo-fusca aggregatis, pagina aversa innatis, prominulis, sub- globosis minutis, nigris, pertusis. In pagina superiori, macula, subimpressa fusco-nigra. *1806. 661. S. puanracrntcoza, L. y. S., frequens in exsoletis foliis prioris anni P. lanceolatae in terra expansis, Bethl. S. minuta, punctiformis, aterrima, in pagina utraque innata, subconice elevata, astoma, crebre sed irregulariter sparsa, nitens, intus evacuata sed difficiliter secta. *1807. 662. S. stzravosanum, L. y. S., in siliquis inde deformatis Arabis cujusdam a Dr Torrey ac- ceptis, subvigentibus. S. immaturam siliquam aeque ac folium degenerans. Peritheciis numerosis innatis, sparsis, lutescenti- bus conicis. Sphaeronema omnino referentibus, globulo’spermatico candido, demum pulverulento coronatis. Fungillum ulterius observandum abnormem forsan ad Sphaeronemata referendum. *1808. 663. S. Macnorrae, L. y. S., affinis S. myriadeae; pagina aversa Magnoliae glaucae foliis prope Kaign’s Point, Philad. S. orbiculatim et effiguratim aggregata, demum ita confluens ut totum folium occupat. Peritheciis tectis, punctiformibus, applanatis, astomis, cum epidermide assurgentibus, demum collapsis, nigris, sed disco albescente. Paginam superiorem folii bullatam reddit. *1809. 664. S. srrznosrorans, L. v. S., in aversa pagina folii Quercini Bethl. rara. S. peritheciis sparsis, sed tamen effiguratim aggregatis, innatis, sine macula, astomis, applanatis, un- dique punctatis, et inde Stilbosporam referentibus, ceterum subrotundis aterrimis, minutis. Depazeae. *1810. 665. S. D. dbuaicola, F. 3, Bethl. in fol, Buxi. *1811. 666. 8S. D. Pyrolae, F. 4, vulgaris ibid. in Pyrola. *1812. 667. S. D. Kaumicona, L. v.S., vulgaris, Beth. S. maculis candidis orbiculatis, margine intumescente cinctis, et folia circumcirca nigricantibus. Pe- ritheciis convexis atris concentricis innatis. *1813. 668. S. D. frondicola, F. 8, in folio Sassafras, Bethl. *1814. 669. S. D. castanaecola, F. 10, freq. Bethl. 1815. 670. S. D.carpinicola, F. 9, Syn. Car. 287, Sal. et Bethl. *1816. 671. S. D. cornicola, F. 11, in C. florida, Bethl. 1817. 672. S® D. Dianthi, F. 15, Syn. Car. 222, et. Bethl. freq. *1818. 673. S. D. cruenta, F. 17, freq. Beth]. in Polygonato. *1819. 674. S. D. ribicola, F. 14, in foliis R. nigri, Bethl. *1820. 675. S. D. Aesculicola, F. 12, in foliis Aesculi ibid. *1821, 676. S. D. stemmatea, F. 2, in foliis Nicis opacae horti Bartrami, Philadelphia, *1829. 677. S. D. runrerrerar, L. y. S., in dejectis foliis semiviridibus, Liriod. Bethl. S. maculis latis, nigro-fuscis, indeterminatis; peritheciis hypophyllis tuberculaeformibus fusco-nigris sparsis. *1823. 678. S. D. prroraina, L. v. S. in foliis querneis, Nazareth. S. macula magna, orbiculatim effigurata, in ambitu cinerea. Peritheciis innatis sparsis globoso-eleya- tis, centro impresso. *1824. 679. S. D. Caraurrcora, L. vy. S., in pagina superiori dejectorum foliorum Catalpae. S. maculis bullatis, griseis, fusco-limitatis. Peritheciis innatis minutissimis, punctiformibus, nigris, densim sparsis. *1825. 680. S. D. Smrzacrcora, L. vy. S., in foliis Smilacis rotundifoliae Bethl. S$. macula subquadrata impressa, rufofusca aut nigra. Peritheciis subconicis, nigris sparsis, innatis in ambitu. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. Q27 Suzorpo Il. DICHAENTI. Observatio. In hoc etin quarto subordini Sphaeriacearum ultimum in quoque genus, ut ad noyam Friesii dispositionem Sphaeriarum pertinens, nempe genus Gibbera in hoc, genus scopora in quarto subordine, jam in nostro genere Sphaeria subsumptum, hic praetermissum. Tertius subordo autem ‘* Siri- gulinorum” omnino tropicus, et nulla species apud nos occurrit, plures autem ex Surinamo mihi com- municatae sunt. Genus 56. Dicuarna. Fries. Sys. Veg. p. 108. "1826. 1. D. macularis, (Opegrapha macularis Auctorum) frequens in ramis vivis arboruam Salem et Pennsyly. 1827. 2. D. smiracrtna, L. v. S., Syn. Car. Xylom. F. p. 270, Rhytism. Frequens Salem et Bethl. in ramis emoriendis et emortuis Smilacis rotundifolii. Vix differt a Rhytismate citato—et certissime melius huc. "1828. 3. D. cazsrrrosa, L. vy. S., in cortice fagineo ex Nova Anglia misit Torrey. D. Peritheciis erumpentibus per velum innatum caespitosim aut plerumque quaternatim, rotundato- subcompressis, fuligineo-nigrescentibus, demum pulverulento-faciscentibus, apice interdum irregu- lariter porrecto, aut rima abbreviata dehiscentibus. Epidermide subcinerascente cincta, perithe- ciis elevatis aggregatione quadam in plagas majores nigras. Genus 57. Osrropa. Fries. Sys. Veg. p. 109. *1829. 1. O. spHarntorpEs, L. y. S., in frustulo ligni sicci Nova Anglia misit Torrey. O. Peritheciis sparsis aut aggregatis sed non confluentibus, majusculis, elliptice rotundatis, cum ligno adscendentibus, subcompressis, atris, subrugosis, rima centrali abbreviata transversim apertis—fere orificio Sphaeriae Pertusae simili, *1830. 2. O. nvevxosa, L. y. S., in trunco jacenti ingenti Juglandis cinereae terrae incumbenti, locis cariosis cortice denudatis et hinc albescentibus, Erie County, Pennsylvania, prope Conneaut Creek. O. cohortes peritheciorum longe effusae, numerosae et longitudinaliter confluentes. Peritheciis sin- gulis vix distinctis, carbonaceis, extus aterrimis, intus fuscescentibus, striato-rimosis, innatis ligno cinerascente in tuberculum eleyato, demum subdehiscentibus. Superficie applanata sunt perithecia et plerumque rugulosa. *1831. 3. O. wksvxrrozes, L. y. S., rara in lignis quercinis vetustate albescentibus, Bethl. O. peritheciis saepe longitudinaliter confluentibus, forma nayicularibus, striatis, nigris, passim etiam deformibus. Rima transversali, labiis obtusiusculis. Libera insidet ligno, sed evidenter prorupta ex libro carioso; versus basin manifestim centracta, ita ut interdum substipitata evadit more Lophii. Ascis diffluentibus. "1832. 4. O. crnenascens, L. vy. S., in ligno denudato Liriodendri Bethl. tenuissime cinerascente sed vix crusta induta. O. peritheciis sparsis, frequentibus, minutis, tuberculatim elevatis cum ligno, nigrofuscis, longitudi- naliter rima notatis aut fissis, ceterum ellipticis, innatis, primum yelotectis. Rima ostiolosa sub- eleyata. Susorpo II]. STRIGULINI. Deest. 228 SYNOPSIS OF Suzsorpo lV. DOTHIDINI. Genus 58. VermicuLarra. Fries. Syst. Veget.p. 111. Exosporium, Link. Spec. Plant. tom. vi., p. ii., pagina 120. Mihi videtur melius huc, quam inter Gymnomycetes Linkii locandum genus. Setaequibus semper gaudet, pro Sporidia habet Link., vix jure. Sporidiorum ab indole omnino abhorrent, nec ullibi invenio sporidia tam constanter affixa, equidem saepissime provenientia ante evolutionem fungi ipsius (Sporido- chii, Link.). Difficillime quidem ob minutiam ascis in perithecio observantur—tamen in plurimis spe- ciebus mihi contigit eos distinguere. Tum, ut habet Friesius, annulati et vermiculati sunt. An duae primae species ad hoc genus pertineant, an genus proprium—nomine Lxosporium designandum et loco Linkii inter Gymnomycetes locandum efficient—adhuc incertus sum. Tamen mihi probabile videtur, de numero specierum, tam a me aucto, forsan disputandum. Sed accuratiori observatori differentia satis — memorabilis videbitur in plurimis—loco naturali observatis. Sialioaliter placeat, nil objiciendum habeo, nisi quod persuasus sum species optimas vix posse stabiliri, sine ampliori descriptione formarum varian- tium in natura obyiarum. *1833. 1. V. Tiliae, Link. p. 121, no. 1, an Exosporium Gymnomycetum in ligno Pini Bethlehem var. insignis. 1834. 2. V. clavuligera, Link. n.2, Syn. Car. Conoplea, in truncis salicinis non infreq. Carol. An etiam ad genus propositum Exosporium. *1835. 3. V. hypodermia, Link. n. 3, in caule Umbellat. Bethl. *1836. 4. V. hispidula, Lk. 4, rara Bethl. in foliis gramineis. 1837. 5. V. Dematium, Lk. 5, Syn. Car. Sph. dematium vulgatissima. *1838. 6. V. minutia, Lk. 6, F. Sph. dematium 4 460, in albumine caulium Bethlehem minutissima species. *1889. 7. V. trichella, Lk. 7, F. Sph. 203, in foliis Polygonati, Beth. *1840. 8. V. ditricham, Lk. 8, F. Sph. 49, in foliis querneis, Bethl. *1841. 9. V. maculans, Lk. 10, praesertim in petiolis Araliae spinosae et in caulibus, Bethl. *1842. 10. V. ruecrcoza, L. y. S., rarissima species Salem inventa in thecis exsoletis Dicrani scopariae. V. peritheciis minutis difformibus, interdum longitudinaliter confluentibus, subnitentibus, innatis, aterrimis. Setis longiusculis aterrimis, demum densis, sed longitudine inaequali, longioribus diver- gentibus Peritheciis apice concaviusculis. Minor V. hispidulae cui affinis. *1843. 11. V. sunerrieuraTa, L. v. S., frequens in variis caulibus Bethl., mire varians. V. primum tecta sub tenera epidermide et more Sphaeriarum cum ea assurgens; perithecium majus- culum, quanquam punctiforme, sparsum. Demum denudata, multo major evadit. Peritheciis quodammodo in plagis effiguratis, colore aterrimo insignibus collectis, subelevatis, apice applanatis, numerosis, interdum late confiuentibus. Setis inaequalibus, aterrimis, aequantibus altitudine peri- thecium, rectis, praesertim in apice conspicuis. Plagae occurrunt biunciales, semiunciam latae, distinctae in ambitu filis basilaribus dothidinis radiantibus. scapincola frequens in scapis Yuccae filamentosae hinc quasi reticulatis. Fere semper simplex et sphaeriomorpha. ‘2 dianthicola yulgatissima in caulibus Dianthi chinensis et aliorum, distincta colore aterrimo et mag- nitudine insigni peritheciorum. y Helianthi versus radicem in caulibus maximis Helianthi annui—varietat. gigantea. *1844. 12. V.xitracrorum, L. v. S., frequens Bethlehem in caulibus Hemerocallis, Alli et alioram Liliaceorum. V. peritheciis plerumque sparsis, primum tectis, innatis, atrosplendentibus, subrotundis aut ellipticis rarius confluentibus. Centro elevato, coronato setis longis, filiformibus undique divergentibus. Ceterum perithecium nudum. Fibrillis basilaribus radiantibus in caule more Dothidearum ut in priori. His interdum fuscescentibus. *1845. 13. V.Iromszanoum, L. y. S., frequens in caulibus I. coccineae, purpureae, &c. Bethl. V. peritheciis sparsis, globosis, majusculis, nigris, absque nitore, ex epidermide erumpentibus, demum NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 229 disco truncato. Setis in apice truncato, densis, subcinerascentibus, altitudinem perithecii aequan- tibus, *1846. 14. V. acumrnata, L. v. S., in foliis aut scapis Iridis virginicae Bethlehem freq. V. peritheciis sparsis, epidermide tectis, utrinque acuminatis, ellipticis, centro elevato, nigronitentibus. Setis paucis longis, subrectis, in apice sitis, inaequalibus nigris. Rarius confluunt. °1847. 15. V. Potyconatt, L. v. S., passim in corruptissimis caulibus Polygonati, Bethl. V. peritheciis e globoso-conicis, manifestim truncatis, nigris, vix nitentibus, sparsis, innatis, demum sub- liberis. Setis in truncatura sparsis, erectis, rigidis, filiformibus. “1848. 16. V. Poryconr vinernict, L. y. S., rarius obvia in caulibus Polygoni virginici, Beth]. sed ubi adest copiosissima. V. peritheciis sparsis, innatis, nigrosplendentibus vix confluentibus, utrinque arcte acuminatis, centro ex basi latiusculo, valde eleyato-conico. Setis brevibus in apice collectis. *1849. 17. V. ancustara, L. y. S., in tenerrimis ramulis Catalpae frigore emortuis, Bethl. V. peritheciis aggregatis in maculas nigras, angustato-elongatis, confluentibus, epidermide omnino tectis. Setis solummodo per rimulas epidermidis prorumpentibus, longiusculis nigris rectis, demum divergentibus. *1850. 18. V. errvsa, L. v. S., rarius ad stipites corruptissimos Ruborum Bethl. V. peritheciis primum omnino tectis, gparsis, globoso-applanatis; demum confluentibus, epidermide orbatis, nigris, et in maculas late effusis. Setis longis divergentibus, non valde nigris, confusis in macula, i. e. undique provenientibus. *1851. 19. V. Sinpnit, L. v. S., frequens in caulibus Silphii culti in horto Nazareth. V. peritheciis oblongis, subrotundisye, obtusis, yalde applanatis; confluentibus, aggregatis in macula expallente, nigris, tectis. Setis frequentibus, brevibus, atris, prorumpentibus ex epidermide. *1852. 20. V. Barsamirag, L. v. S., rarius in caulibus I. Balsamitae, Beth]. maculas formans. V. peritheciis innatis rotundatis, parum elevatis, truncato-applanatis, aterrimis; interdum difformibus. Setis breviusculis concoloribus, plerumque sitis quasi in margine truncaturae nec alibi. *1853. 21. V. reriotorum, L. y. S., frequens in dejectis petiolis Aesculorum et Catalpae, Beth. V. peritheciis sparsis, tectis, aterrimis, parum eleyatis, difformibus aut globoso-conicis, frequentissimis, interdum elongatis, angustatis. Setis longissimis divergentibus. *1854. 22. V. runcrans, L. vy. S., rarius in foliis Andropogi avenacei, Bethl. V. peritheciis sparsis, innatis, nunquam confluentibus; in pagina superiori folii pezizoideis; setis in inferiori pagina conspicuis, brevibus, sparsis, atris, densis, in perithecio punctiformi, rotundo-appla- nato aut orbiculato. "1855. 23. V. penvpata, L. y. S., in culmis et foliis Poarum, &c. Bethl. V. peritheciis sparsis, atris, maximis pro ratione culmi teneri, punctiformibus, rotundatis, innatis sed demum erumpentibus, satis elevatis, subtruncatis rugosis. Setis brevibus, decidwis (quod singulare). Tum sphaeriam refert. *1856. 24, V. errenytra, L. v. S., rarius in aversa pagina foliorum putridorum, Bethl. VY. peritheciis basi innatis, aut substantia folii immersis, demum erumpentibus, sparsis, juvenilibus subconicis, provectiori aetate, rotundato-applanatis, minutis, aterrimis. Setis subrigidis aut flac- cidis concoloribus creberrime in toto perithecii sitis. Crusta quadam albescente ex folio orta cir- cumdata. “1857. 25. V. Genanprag, L. vy. S., in exsoletis stipitibus Gerardiae quercifoliae, Bethl. Y. aterrima, irregularis. Peritheciis primum globoso-difformibus, parum elevatis, demum longitudi- naliter effusis. Setis inaequalibus undique divergentibus, interdum longissimis, rigidis; pulvere quasi adspersis. "1858. 26. V. arpomacuraTa, L. v. S., affinis Sphaeriae Depazeae ribicolae in yariis foliis dejectis y. c. Liriodendri, Populi, &c. Bethl. V. maculis epiphyllis lacteis, latis (v. c. in foliis Liriodendri ubi margine fusco cinctae sunt maculae) aut minoribus (in foliis Populi) suborbiculatis, quibus insident perithecia, sparsa, conico-globosa aterrima, setis tecta longiusculis; ceterum minutissima oculo nudo yix distinguenda, subinnata. "1859. 27. V. Srarayzear, L. v. S., gregatim in epidermide tenerorum ramorum Staphyleae. V. peritheciis quasi applanatis subpezizoideis ex epidermide subcorrugata prorumpentibus. Setis aterrimis flexuosis longis. Perithecia aceryata sunt quasi subeffiguratim. *1860. 28. V.Ancri, L. v. S., rarius in caulibus Arctii Lappae, Bethl. Vou. IV.—3 H 230 SYNOPSIS OF VY. sparsa ac aggregata, epidermide innata. Peritheciis polymorphisatris, semper applanatis. Setis densissime longis, immixtis breyibus, undique divergentibus. "1861. 29. V. Frrurcrna, L. vy. S., ad caudices Osmundae et Onocleae exoletas, Bethl. Vy. peritheciis aggregatis frequenter in macula rubescenti aut expallenti, applanatis, oyalibus, tectis, nigris, prorumpentibus centro eleyato. Setis breyibus aut longiusculis, fusco-nigris, subsparsis in apice applanato. Saepissime inyeniuntur perithecia setis omnino orbata. *1862. 30. V. Inyoxvent, L. y. S., passim in interiori Involucri Aesculi cultae, Bethl. Y. distinctior ceteris. Minima, atra, plerumque globosa et valde elevata, basi constricta. Peritheciis undique obsitis setis, breviusculis in ambitu, confluentibus, innatis interiori epidermidi. Refert Sphaeriam villosam, sed Ascis Vermiculariae et intus quasi similaris. *1863. 31. V. ovara, L. y. S., in caulibus plantarum ignotarum Horti, Nazareth. V. peritheciis aggregatis, aterrimis, primum erumpentibus, demum superficialibus, majusculis, ovatis, applanato-truncatis. Setis filiformibus crebris divergentibus—et in disco subpezizoideo truncaturae frequentibus. Refert primo obtutu pezizulam nigram. *1864, 32. V. scanpEenTIUM, L. vy. S., in caulibus scandentibus y. c. Galii aparinis, Bethl. V. peritheciis minutissimis atronitidis prorumpentibus plerumque longitudinaliter compressis, tamen utringue attenuatis aut acuminatis, juniori aetate nudis, in ambitu saepe fuscescentibus. Demum- setis parcis filiformibus divergentibus in cacumine tantum sitis coronata. *1865. 33. V. rruncars, L. y. S., in caulibus, sarmentis ac leguminibus Phaseolorum horti frequens Bethl. V. peritheciis lineam yix excedentibus, nigris (in leguminibus majoribus), adnatis, confertis, hemis- phaericis, horizontaliter truncatis in majoribus; in minoribus irregulariter conico-truncatis, rugulosis. Setis filiformibus praesertim truncaturam occupantibus, divergentibus, longioribus, breyioribus im- mixtis. Saepe setae caducae sunt, ita ut perithecium orbatur. Genus 59. DoruipEaA. Trib. 1. DENUDATAE, 1866. 1. D. Zeaz, L. y. S., Syn. Car. n. 234, Sphaeria, frequens in Carolina nec in Pennsylvania obyia circum nodos caulis Zeae. Omnino hujus loci. Caule distinguenda a Cladosporio herbaceo indurato frequenter occurrens iisdem locis. K *1867. 2. D. moriformis, F. S. M. p. 549, n. 1, rara in ramulis Mori albae, Bethl. *1868. 3. D. Excorrivm, L. y. S., passim obvia in junioribus ramis Gleditsiae Bethl. libro corticali insidens, sed per epidermidem prorumpens, reyoluto-fissam. Refert Pezizam Encoelium. D. Peritheciis caespitosim confluentibus in caespitulum subrotundum, ex epidermide erumpentibus. Caespitem sphaeriarum, centro quasi undulatim depresso, sed nullimodo aperto, refert—extus peri- theciis granulatis et furfure fuligineo-fusco, subdetergibili densim tectis, parietibus internis corneis nigro nitentibus. Massa ascigera subcellulosa ceracea, lutescente, primum pellucida, demum sub- pulverulento-fatiscente, intus repleta. Diameter caespitis lineam excedit, et multae sparsae sunt per epidermidem. Trib. 2. ErnumpEntes. *1869. 4. D. atra, F. p. 550, n. 4, rarissima sed una vice in cortice Hibisci rosae sinensis Easton magna copia. 1870. 5. D. ribesia, F. 5, Syn. Car. 22, Sphaeria; vulgaris et Pennsylv. 1871. 6. D. Sambuci, F. 6, Syn. Car. 23, Sph. vulgatissima et Pennsylv. "1872. 7. D. Mezerei, F. 7, in trunco emortuo Daphnidis, Bethl. 1873. 8. D. sphaervides, F. 11, Syn. Car. Sclerotium, 319, frequens Salem et Bethl. in ramis Populi italicae. *1874. 9. D. nanrearis, L. vy. S., in defossis radicibus arborum Bethl. affinis priori. D. erumpens, simplex sed fasciculatim proveniens, epidermide cincta. Peritheciis subrotundis et difformibus atris punctato-rugosissimis, apice plicato depressis. Intus albo-farctis, cellula unica conspicua. Demum, ut videtur, perithecia subaperta, massam albidam subgrumoso-ceraceam ostendunt internam. Diametro lineari. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 231 *1875. 10. D. capreoratsz, L. y. S., erumpens ex corruptis ramulis Bignoniae capreolatae, Salem. D. atra, erumpens, subrotunda aut difformis, epidermide stellatim cincta, saepe confluens. Super- ficie externa primum marginata depressa, demum granulata rugosa. Intus e fuligineo-nigra, cel- lulis periphaericis minutis albo-farctis, Substantia molliuscula major D. Ribesiae affini. *1876. 11. D. Ronrnraz, L. v. S., in junioribus ramis Robiniae, Bethl. non rara. D. erumpens caespitulis minutis subrotundis convexis, undulatim confluentibus, aterrimis. E sphae- rulis 8—4 majusculis, rugulosis, globoso-depressis, passim subostiolatis constare videtur caespitulus. Intus concolor, cellulis minimis albo-farctis, Multo minor priori. *1877. 12. D. Ravrna, L. y. S., frequens in putridis ramis junioribus Rhois radicantis Salem et Bethl. D. minuta, erumpens ex epidermide fissa, valde cum fungo elevata; primum punctiformis, demum caespitulum elongatum, saepe confluentem, atrum, rugoso-punctatum efficiens. Intus concolor. "1878. 13. D. Vinuryi penrart, L. y. S., rara obyia in ramis V. dentati Bethl. distinctissima. D. minuta, erumpens, nigra, rugosa; saepissime aggregata in caespitulis ovatis, epidermide arctim cinctis et longitudinaliter conjunctis, vix tamen confluentibus: interdum simplex Sphaeriam diffor- mem globoso-turbinatam, breyi pseudo ostiolo praeditam mentiens. Intus farcta massa alboceracea cellulosa. Trib. 3 et 4. Xyxosra. * Polystigma. 1879. 14. D. typhina, F. 13, Syn. Car. Sphaeria, 65, et in Pennsylvania plerumque in Muhlenbergia erecta. 1880. 15. D. rubra, F. 14, Syn. Car. pag. 28 in Nota. Etiam in Pennsyly. semper sterilis obvia. 1881. 16. D. orsrevrata, L. y. S., Syn. Car. Xyloma, 21, F. 16, in Diospyro—yix Pennsyly. 1882. 17. D. Ulmi, F. 18, foliis ulmeis ex New York, Halsey. 1883. 18. D. Rhois, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 274, Xyl. F.19, Salem et Bethlehem in foliis R. glabri et co- pallini. "1884. 19. D. Bumerraz, L. y. S., in foliis Bumeliae oblongifoliae acceptis a celeberrimo Nuttall ex regione Arkansa. Affinis D. rubrae. D. epiphylla in foliis vegetis, orbiculata, magna, ovata et subdeformata, in utraque pagina conspicua, in superiori eleganter lateritio-rubra subnitens et yernicosa, cellulis paucis sparsis, subelevatis, minutim pseudo ostiolatis. In pagina inferiori lateritio-pallida, absque nitore, cellulis orbiculatim protrusis. Semiunciam longitudine et latitudine interdum excedens. ** Stigmeae. 1885. 20. D. Herrorsrots, L. y. S., Syn. Car. Sphaeria, 69, F. 23, species distinetissima, Bethlehemis abundantior in caulibus Helianthi divaricati et multiflori; etiam in foliis. Varietatem insignem majo- rem, caulem non ambientem sed ex caule prorumpentem, peritheciis rugosis, ex Nova Anglia misit Cl. Torrey in caule Asteris. *1886. 21. D. Missourrensis, L.y. S., vulgatissima in nucibus vetustis yenditioni expositis in foro sub nomine ‘* Pecan Nuts” (Juglandis olivaeformis) ex New Orleans—nempe in nucibus ipsis. D. efformans maculas effiguratas, e fusco nigronitentes plerumque longitudinaliter productas, interdum tamen latius effusas, confluentes, praesertim in cacumine nucis. Constant ex innumeris minutissi- mis tuberculis, densissime aggregatis, compresso-difformibus, vix inter se confluentibus, pulyerem pyrium forma reyocantibus, sed multoties minores. Internam structuram, ob minutiem yidere mihi non contigit. Walde distinctus fungus, oculos alliciens. 1887. 22. D. asrrrnomorrna, L. v. S., Syn. Car. Sph. 289, F. 25, solummodo in Carolina mihi obyia. 1888. 23. D. cram, L. yv. S., Syn. Car. Sph. 233, in Stylosanthe, Salem. 1889. 24. D. Bracnysremonts, L. y.S., Syn. Car. Sph. 73, F. 27, in foliis Pycnanthemi (Brachystem) Salem. 1890. 25. D. exasrerans, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. Sph. 220, et Bethl. "1891. 26. D. stipata, F. 30, in caulibus Angelicae triquin. Bethl. "1892. 27. D. curmicona, L. v. S., ad culmos et vaginas Andropogi avenaceae, Bethl. D. effusa, laxe aggregata in maculas latiores, constans ex tuberculis minutis passim confluentibus etiamque sparsis, angulatis, difformibus, atronitentibus, minimis, prorumpentibus, intus concoloribus. 232 SYNOPSIS OF #1893. 928. D. zrrusa, L. v. S., in epidermide secedente caulium Helianthi annui, Bethl. D. longe lateque effusa in maculis determinatis nigris, constantibus ex innumeris minutis peritheciis, eleyatis, difformibus nigris, aggregatis, epidermidi innatis confluentibus; sed in ambitu quasi sim- plicia et in subiculo fibrillosa sita sese ostendunt, transitum ad sequentem familiam efficientia. 41994, 29. D. Grycrnzos, L.v. S., secundum descriptionem affinis D. geographicae; elegantissima, frequens in foliis subvigentibus Glycineos monoicae Bethl. D. in utraque pagina, sed evolutior in aversa efficit maculas nigras effiguratas, rotundas, e longinquo grisecentes, semiunciales. Lente perscrutata ex innumeris peritheciis aterrimis ex epidermide folii prorumpentibus constat, arcte sequentibus venas folii, reticulatim confluentibus in lineolis inter- ruptis, aemulantibus mappam geographicam, rugosis, astomis, oblongo difformibus, intus albofarctis. *1895. 30. D. rricorts, L. v. S., in junioribus ramulis Viburni frigore enecatis, Bethl. D. latissime effusa in junioribus glabris ramis, quasi crusta nigra inyestiens. Lente admota perithecia multa minuta nigra, subtecta, subelevata, punctiformia, apice subumbilicata distinguenda sunt, intus albo-farcta et connexa crusta quadam nigra glabrescente. #1896. 31. D. rrucricENa, L. y. S., in pomis putridissimis in campo dejectis prope Camden. D. in maculis }—3 ancialibus subcrustaceis, in corrugata epidermidi pomorum putridorum, aggrega- tae sunt cellulae aut perithecia majuscula, atra, difformia, rugosa, subcornea, primum molliuscula nec tamen tremelloidea, magnitudine dimidiae seminis papaveris, inter se confluentia, interdum apice dehiscentia poro aut rima quadam, et totam crustam occupantia. Fungum memorabilem tan- tummodo loco citato nec alibi observavi in pomis. *1897. 32. D. cuanypeza, L. v. S., frequens obyia in ligno denudato caesarum Kalmiarum subexsiccato Bethl. Etiam passim sub cortice junior. ‘ D. efformans maculam elegantem, primum orbicularem aut effiguratam, semiunciali diametro, colore chalybeo. Demum confluunt maculae et ad 4—6 uncias extensae sunt. Macula videtur demum ex fibrillulis crassiusculis indistinctis constare, margine aut ambitu subdivergentibus. Cellulis frequen- tibus prominulis, minutis, difformibus nigris, sparsis et interdum confluentibus. #1998. 33. D. pentenans, L. vy. S., cum priori, sed plerumque in ligno Kalmiae antiquiori Bethlehem obyia. D. longe lateque effusa praesertim longitudinaliter, determinatim effigurata, confluens, exhibens crustam tenuem nigrescentem, cellulis elevatis obsitum, nigris, inordinatis, subrotundo-difformibus, applanatis, intus farctis massa fuscescenti, subceracea. In ambitu crusta subplicata, rugosa. Oc- currunt pustulae cellulares majores (lineam longae) quasi pezizulam applanatam nigram, disco aperto subfatiscente, mentientes. *** Asteroma. *1999. 34, D. Laurt Borronrat, L. v. S.,in foliis Lauri Borboniae ex Georgia missa ab Leconte amico. D. macula minuta orbiculari, in ambitu manifestius sed etiam omnino ex fibrillulis radiantibus, conflata, aterrima, laxius imposita pagina superiori folii. Cellulis majusculis centralibus concoloribus, pezi- zoideis, concavis impositis fibrillulis. *1900. 35. D. vernicosa, F. n. 32, rara Salem et Bethl. caulibus. #1901. 36. D. renicrttata, L. y. S., non infrequens in Scapis Alliorum, &c. Bethl. D. macula effusa, atronitens e fibrillulis tenerrimis vix distinctis, quasi penicillatim sub epidermide, praesertim longitudinaliter expansis; subinde fuscescentibus. Cellulis subtectis majusculis, sub- conice eleyatis nitentibus. Interdumoccurrunt majores simplices extra maculam. 1902. $7. D. Himantia, F. 33, Syn. Car. Sph. 216, et Pennsylv. vulgaris. *1903. 38. D. reticulata, ¥.34, in foliis Iridis, Bethl. #1904. 39. D. geographica, F. 35, in foliis querneis, New York et Bethl. *1905. 40. D. Asteroma, F. 36, in caule Polygonati, Bethl. *1906. 41. D. Xanthit, F. 43, Carolina in foliis Xanthii. 1907. 42. D. Diosrynt, Syn. Car. Xylom. 272, F. 39, Carolina. #1908. 43. D. Solidaginis, F. 45, frequens in foliis Solidaginum variorum, Bethl. #1909. 44. D . PomicENA, L.y. S., frequens in maturis Pomis dictis “Newton Pippins” Pennsyly. Vide alteram Paginam. D. pomigena maculis orbiculatis laxis, e fibrillulis tenerrimis nigris reticulato-radiantibus, pleramque sterilibus. Cellulis in centro aggregatis, applanatis, majusculis. Maculis vix unquam } uncialibus. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 233 *1910. 45. D. Genrranag, L. y. S., subaffinis D. stellari. ara sed distinctissima in foliis emarcidis Gentianae ochroleucae, Nazareth. D. maculis irregulariter effusis, ad longitudinem semi-uncialem nigris aut subolivascentibus fere con- tinuis; fibrillulis tenuissimis parenchymate innatis. Cellulis sparsis frequentissimis, subconice-elevatis atronitentibus, demum pertusis. “1911. 46. D. pericaruna, L. v. S., in culmis graminum cerealium, &c. Bethlehem. D. maculis tenerrimis fibrillosis eleganter ex centro radiantibus, fibrillulis anastomosantibus. Ju- niores expertes cellularum oliyaceo-nigrescentes; seniores cellulis centralibus aggregatis nigris minutissimis. "1912. 47. D. ramosa,L. v. S., rarior in caulibus praesertim Chenopodii, Bethl. D. maculis oblongis nigris e fibrillulis ramosis, radiantibus solummodo longitudinaliter, primum sub- tectis. Cellulis confertis seviatis demum ruptis. Maculae ut in priori minores, 2—3 lineas non excedunt. *1913. 48. D. crustacza, L. v. S., frequens caules Phytolaccae longe lateque incrustans vernali tem- pore, crusta vernicosa nigra, Salem et Bethl. E longinquo oculos alliciens. D. maculis maximis, pedalibus saepe, piceis nitentibus late expansis, crustaceo-crassis, siccitate trans- versim ruptis, et in frustulis secedentibus. Ambitu in junioribus fibrillulae latiores anastomosantes manifestantur, demum quasi daedaleoso-porosae, poris aut cellulis impressis. Passim occurrunt ostiola sparsa globoso-applanata—forsan etiam hae cellulae sunt. Quodammodo affinis D, stellari. Saepissime maculae tam sunt continuae, ut fibrillulae non distinctae sunt; tum caulis quasi pice illita. "1914. 49. D. execans, L. y. S., etiam vulgatissima in caulibus Phytolaccae tenerrima epidermidi innata et cum ea decedens, Salem et Pennsylvania. D. maculis semiuncialibus, olivaceo-virescentibus, demum nigrescentibus conflatis ex fibrillulis ramosis undique divergentibus anastomosantibus: semper figura maculae elliptico-acuminuta. Maculae saepe confluunt. Cellulis minutis frequentibus, sparsis, atronitentibus, saepe circumcirca extra maculam vagantibus. Nomen triviale adscriptum cum proxima specie solummodo comparandum— nam Dothideae plures ceterum elegantiores. Phytolacca feracissima est planta specierum, "1915. 50. D. 1nELeGans, L. v. S., frequens cum priori in caulibus Phytolaccae et Salem et Bethl. D. maculis minutis, nigris, non nitentibus, crebris, confluentibus, orbiculatim elongatis e fibrillulis ramosis, crassiusculis distinctis e centro radiantibus. Cellulis raris centralibus, subacutis, subele- vatis, minutis. Saepe occurrunt fibrillulae radiantes divaricato-ramosae omnino steriles. Congeries macularum magnum spatium occupat in caule, "1916. 51. D. Puyrotaccax, L. v. S., cum ceteris frequens in caulibus Phytolaccae, Bethl. D. longissime effusis pseudomaculis, non fibrillosis sed solummodo aggregatione cellularum aut peri- theciorum formatis, primum incoloratis subtectis, demum cellulis densius prorumpentibus nigrescen- tibus. Cellulis minutis nigris, subelevatis nitentibus difformibus nigris; primum tectis, demum epidermide triangulariter rupta, prospicientibus. In ambitu cellulae simplices creberrime sparsae. "1917. 52. D. Hiniscitcona, L. v. S., in caulibus Hibisci militaris, &c. Bethl. cultis. D. maculis orbiculatis, minutis et magnis confluentibus, epidermide tectis, hinc cinerascentibus, e fibrillulis tenerrimis cinereo-nigris radiantibus. Cellulis minutis nigris elevato-prorumpentibus. In majoribus maculis fibrillulae vix distinctae, in minoribus orbiculatis evidentius radiantes centro cel- luligero aut sterili. Minores sparsae circum majores. *1918. 53. D. ornans, L. y. S., in caulibus, sed multo elegantior in capsulis Asclepiadis incarnatae, ‘ Bethl. D. maculis magnis angustioribus atronitentibus (minoribus sparsis circumcirca linearibus) conflatis e fibrillulis, solummodo in ambitu distinctis. In his maculis crassiusculis, cellulae aut perithecia frequentia, primum immersa, demum prorumpentia subseriatim locata sunt, satis eleyata, in super- ficie rugoso-rivulosa, elliptice-ovata. In acumine capsularum praecipue occurrunt. In caulibus magis effusae oblongae subtectae evadunt maculae, ac cinerascunt. Interdum biunciales. *1919. 54. D. Cuenoronr, L. y. S., in maximis caulibus Chenopodiorum, Bethl. D. maculis mediocribus, contextis e fibrillulis radiantibus, nigrofuscis, crassiusculis, vix ramosis, centra- liter elevatis—onustis peritheciis aut cellulis majusculis tectis, globoso-depressis, ostiolatis. Maculae saepe confluunt. "1920. 55. D.conrenra, L. v. S., in caulibus quibusdam ignotis, Bethl. Vous 1V.—=3 I 234 SYNOPSIS OF D. macula atra, conflata e multis minoribus confertis, irregulariter confluentibus, late effusa. Centro apparent cellulae aut perithecia atra, eleyata, albo-farcta longitudinaliter confluentia. #1991. 56. D. n1erescens, L. y. S., in caulibus Zeae rarior. Affinis D. Himantiae, Bethl. D. maculis e fibrillulis irregulariter radiantibus, nigris, crassiusculis, interruptis non nitentibus, minori- bus, passim confluentibus. Peritheciis minutis subelevatis nigris centralibus demum pezizoideis. Caules exasperant. *1921. 57. D. visrersa, L. vy. S., in ignotis caulibus, Bethl. D. maculas quidem longe effusas efformans nec tamen contiguas sed ex multis interruptim dispersis minoribus atris conflatas ; fibrillulis hinc inde transversim expansis. Peritheciis aut cellulis appla- natis longitudinaliter fissis. Frequenter occurrunt simplicia minutissima macula aut vix ulla insi- dentia sparsa. *1992. 58. D. Sixpurt, L. v. S., in ditissimis caulibus Silphii culti Nazareth in horto. D. maculis minoribus, utrinque acuminatis, fibrillulis nigro-fuscis simplicibus radiantibus nec anastomo- santibus. Cellulis crebris aggregatis, truncatis, subpezizoideis; primum epidermide cinerascente quacum eleyatae sunt, tectis, demum nudis. In tectis apparent pseudostiola. *1993. 59. D. Cerrar, L. v.S., rara sed distinctissima in exterioribus integumentis bulborum Cepae exoletorum, ex Philadelphia. D. maculis ex olivaceo, piceo-nigris orbiculatis, confluentibus, e fibrillulis crassis dendritice ramosis radiantibus, anastomosantibus sese superimpositis. Cellulis globoso-eleyatis centralibus raris nigris. 1924. 60. D. Diosconaxrax, L. y. S., in Capsulis Dioscoraeae glaucae frequens, Bethl. D. maculis fibrillosis omnino tectis, fibrillulis parenchymate innatis tenerrimis irregulariter radiantibus, griseo-olivaceis, demum nigris. Cellulis sparsis frequentibus, nigris, acutis et truncatis. Saepe singulae sphaeriaeformes circumcirca maculam sparsae. Maculis orbiculatis minutis. #1925. 61. D. Panicr, L. v.S., in foliis Panici ciliati et aliorum, Salem et Bethl. D. maculis griseis tenuissimis linearibus, longitudinaliter et paralleliter confluentibus intra neryos; fibrillulis vix distinguendis. Cellulis minutissimis subscriatim dispositis in aversa pagina. Vix Sphaeria? Maculae minutae sed multae in folio. *1996. 62. D. Imratrentis, L. v. S., ad nodos caulium Impatientis fulvae, Salem et Bethl. D. maculis piceis effusis nigerrimis tenuibus, subtectis, ovato-acuminatis, latis, in ambitu effiguratis; Cellulis minutissimis tuberculaeformibus, crebris, albo-farctis. Plerumque sterilis. Fibrillulae vix distinguendae etiam ope lentis. #1997. 63. D. Ascrerranis, L. v. S., frequens in caulibus emortuis Asclep. syriacae, Bethl. D. epidermide tenuissima tecta, longe lateque effusa, pseudomaculam efformans, ex multis minoribus maculis confluentibus conflatam. Hae minutiae maculae ex fibrillulis radiantibus sed tam dense contextis ut singulae non distinguentur circumdant perithecia nigronitentia, elevata, tuberculaeformia celluloso-ovata, unicum in quaque—inter se tamen dense aggregatae sunt. Totum agmen saepe 6 unciale. *1998. 64. D. crverascens, L. v. S., cum priori, etiam longissime effusa, Bethl. D. semper tecta, maculis indeterminatim undique effusis, contiguis, cinerascentibus per epidermidem, ex qua erumpunt perithecia aut cellulae ostiolomorphae, atrac applanatae, minutissima. Epider- mide remota, distincter apparet maculam constare ex multis minoribus, in ipso libro caulis e fibrillu- lis fusco-griseis ramosis e centro radiantibus formatam. *1999. 65. D. rrveona, L. y. S., frequens occurrit in scapis Liliacearum, Hemerocallis, Bethlehem et Salem. D. maculis minutis linearibus elongatis tectis, e fibrillulis ramoso-divaricatis, e centro radiantibus elevato- cinerascentibus. Cellulis aut peritheciis prorumpentibus applanatis, nigerrimis, intus albo-farctis. Singula perithecia sparsa frequenter obyia extra maculam. #1930. 66. D. scaprncora, L. y. S., versus basin scaporum Yuccae filamentosae, Bethl. cult. D. macula tecta epidermide tenui et inde cinerascens. Peritheciis irregularibus, atronitentibus, hemi- sphaericis et demum subpezizoideis, circumcirca sparsis. Epidermide detrita, maculae 1—3 unciales se ostendunt ex fibrillulis atris subinterruptis indistinctis contextae, plerumque elliptico-acuminatae. #1931. 67. D. Putoars, L. v.S., frequens in caulibus Phlogis undulatae cultae, Bethl. D. maculis nigro-fuscis angustioribus, indistincte determinatis, quasi linearibus, non tectis, ex aggregatis minutissimis cellulis, fibrillularuam expertibus, formatis. *1932. 68. D. Poryconarr, L. y. S., in variis speciebus Polygonatorum, caulibus insidens, Bethl. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 235 D. vix maculans, sed omnino constans ex multis aggregatis cellulis majusculis atronitentibus, ellipticis, epidermide tectis sed centro hysteriiforme subelevato prorumpente. "1933. 69. D. nonrcora, L. y. S., circum nodos in petiolis Araliae spinosae, Beth]. D. omnino expers fibrillarum; maculis minoribus linearibus—elongatis aut oyatis, utrinque acuminatis, ex cellulis corrugatis, semper tectis, elevatis, atronitentibus, irregulariter globoso-applanatis, intus albo-farctis, conformatis. "1934. 70. D. extrerrca, L. vy. S., rarius occurrit in caulibus Collinsoniae, Bethl. D. maculis indeterminatim circum caulem effusis, confluentibus, nigrescentibus, tectis epidermide. Cellulis minutis nigris tuberculaeformibus. Figura maculae subelliptica. Saepe perithecia alius fungi commixta inveniuntur. “1935. 71. D. Amnnosras, L. y. S., vulgaris in caulibus Ambrosiarum, Bethl. D. maculis confusis indeterminatis, nigrescenti-fuscis, tectis; fibrillulis rarioribus indistinctis solummodo in junioribus distinguendis. Cellulis aggregatis oblongis, truncato-applanatis, rima impressa lon- gitudinaliter notatis. *1936. 72. D. yrrrcora, L. y, S., frequens in junioribus ramulis Vitis, frigore enecatis, Bethl. D. tecta, maculis minoribus confluentibus, nigro-fuscis subvernicosis. Fibrillulis crassis, ramoso-fur- catis, radiantibus, plerumque indistinctis. Cellulis elevatis apice applanatis, difformibus. *1937. 73. D. Hyssorr, L. y. S., passim ad caules Hyssopi nepetoidis, Bethl. D. tecta, maculis indeterminatim aut effiguratim expansis, e fusco nigris, minoribus. Fibrillulis transversim radiantibus, tenuissimis, ut in prioribus libro innatis yix distinguendis plerumque. Cellulis numerosis sparsis nigro-nitidis, tuberculaeformibus, minutis, interdum subseriatis, albo- farctis, tectis. *1938. 74. D. Juetannrcora, L. y. S., rarius in foliis putridis Juglandis albae, Bethl. D. macula minuta orbiculata, aterrima, semilineari. Cellulis crebris concentrice in macula aggregatis, minutissimis globoso-punctiformibus, demum pezizoideis. "1939. 75. D. Sassarras, L.y.S., species distinctissima—passim obyia in foliis dejectis putrescenti- bus (etiam subvigentibus, non evoluta) Lauri Sassafras—et quidem ubi est, in fere omnibus foliis arboris occurrit. D. maculis latis effusis, fusco-badiis, elegantissime dendritice radiantibus, diametro plusquam unciali, juniore aetate ex latioribus fibrillulis folio quodammodo illitis constare videtur, confluentibus versus centrum et crustam subcontinuam efficientibus. Dothideae stellari non dissimilis. Optime evoluta autem macula faciem alienam induit. Fibrullae dictae radiantes solutae apparent in cellularum congeriem, quaeque cellula nigra suberumpens ex epidermide, primum eleyato-conyexa, demum pezizoidea, fibrillis veris minutissimis innato-radiantibus circumdata. Maculae dendritica saepe con- fluunt. Semper in pagina superiori folii. "1940. 76. D. suncuricuranis, L. y. S., in pagina superiori foliorum Viburni aut Corni horto cult. Bethl. D. maculas sparsas, orbiculatim effiguratas, diametro } unciali, cinerascentes efficiens, centro nigro, contextas ex fibrillulis dendritico-radiantibus, ramosis sub tenerrima epidermide folii, hinc subtumida et ciferascente irrepentibus. Cellulis in centro indistincter aggregatis. "1941. 77. D. Rosa, L.v.S., in foliis semivirentibus Rosae cultae in hortis Philad. D. maculas orbiculatim -effiguratas sistit, } unciali diametro, saepe confluentes, in pagina superior, fuligineo-nigrofuscis, contextas e fibrillulis crassiusculis furcato-ramosis radiantibus, centro onustis cellulis majusculis applanatis, statu madidiori, subpezizoideis, primum albo-farctis. **** Uniformes. "1942. 78. D. Anemones, F. 46, rara obvia in Anemone quinquefolia, Bethl. *1943. 79. D. Potentillae, F. 48, yalde affinis priori et in nostris non seriato-confluens. In Potentilla canadensi obvia Bethl. 1944. 80. D. alnea, F. 51, Syn. Car. Xyl. alnea 286, Bethl. = "1945. 81. D. macurans, L. y. S., in foliis querneis Bethl. et ex New York. D. epiphylla subimpressa, sistens maculas minutas orbiculatas, ex pluribusminoribus aggregatis, appla- natis vix confluentibus, tectis, atris, superfice corrugatis et punctatis, concentrice sitis, conformatis, An minores sunt cellulae? “1946. 82. D. Casranerag, L. y. S., in foliis yiyis Castanearum Bethl. et New York. 236 SYNOPSIS OF D. epiphylla, minuta, subsparsa, atra, effusa, superficie corrugata, cellulis aggregatis imperfecte evolutis. 1947. 83. D. Foruerertrar, L. y. S., Syn. Car. Xyloma 277, maculis minoribus et majoribus fuscis, Salem. *1948. 84. D. naunicoxa, L. v. S., vulgaris in foliis Lauri aestivalis, Bethl. D. epiphylla, maculis tenuibus, superficialibus confluentibus, nigris, crassioribus orbiculatis mixtis. *1949. 85. D. rixicum, L. v- S., in stipitibus variorum Filicum, Bethl. An Lepostroma? D. maculis minutis eleyatis, oblongis, acuminatis minutissimis, cellulis longitudinaliter rimosis in macu- lis aggregatis, nigro-fuscis, lineatim elongatis. *1950. 86. D. Ponyeatar, L. v. S., in foliis Polygalae pubescentis ex Florida acceptis in Herbario obyvia. D. distinctissima in foliis vigentibus, macula fumosa e filis in parenchymate repentibus. Cellulis sparsis subrotundis manifestis, nigris demum apertis, subalbofarctis, cum epidermide elevatis, am- phigenis. ***** PF ctostroma. 1951. 87. D. E. Limropennnrz, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 290, Carol. et Pennsylv. 1952. 88. D. E. Toxici, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 278, et Pennsyly. Rh. rad. 1953. 89. D. E. arrrara, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 273, X. in foliis Cimicifugae. 1954. 90. D. E. Annona, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 275, X. in foliis Porceliae, Car. 71955. 91. D. E. rerrotants, L. vy. S., satis frequens in petiolis dejectis Juglandium et aliorum foliorum, Bethl. An Rhytisma? D. E. picea, illita, maculis crassis late cireumcirca effusis, oyato determinatis, margine interdum sub- liberato et eleyato—saepe uncialibus—affinis Rhytismate Urticae, sed semper sterilis mihi obyia. Orvo II. PHACIDIACEI. Tribus 1. PATELLAREI. Genus 60. ParTreLnartra. 1956. 1. P. atrata, F. Il. p. 160, frequens Carol. et Pennsylv., Syn. Car. 1248, Peziza. *1957. 2. P. difformis, F. p.. 151, Peziza: ad truncum Salicis antiquum versus radicem, Bethl. *1958. 3. P. Vernascr, L, y. S., passim ad antiquissimas caules Verbasci, Beth]. P. coriacea, sicca, scutellam Lichenis referens, gregaria et sparsa, adpressa, semper applanata, juniore parum contracta. Margine subplicata. Disco parum elevato pulveraceo, pulvere adglutinato nec detergibili. Diametro 1—2 lineari saepe angulata. Aterrima. 1959. 4. P. n1gno-ciINNABARINA, L. vy. S., pulcherrima, majuscula, non rara occurrens in yariis ramulis putrescentibus, v. c. Crataegi, Calycanthi etc. Etiam ex Surinamo teneo, Bethl. P. Diametro yarians 1—6 lineari. Cupulis sessilibus aut brevissime stipitatis, extus olivaceo-nigris, coriaceis, margine tumido, eleganter plicato; siccitate arcte inflexo et clauso, fere Hysterium refer- ente, et discum omnino obtegente. Madefactis cupulis, orbiculatim expanduntur discum latiusculum planum 2—3 linearem ostendentes, pulvere cinnabarino, strato crasso, semper obtectum, margine tamen inflexo. Interdum etiam statu sicciore aperta obvia. Sparsim et fasciculatim crescit. Facil- lime ex ramulo excutitur. *1960. 5. P. Raopopennnt, L. v. S.,.aflinis P. atratae sed colore differt, Bethlehem in ramulis Rhodo- dendri. P. cupulis sparsis difformibus, fusco-atris, applanato adpressis, marginatis, margine crenato—aut denta- tim prominulo. Disco nigro pulverulento. Subgelatinosa. Diametro semilineari. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 237 Genus 61. Tympanis. *1961. 1. T. alnea, F. 174, n. 2, Bethl. in Alno; non est mera yarietas T. frangulae. 1962. 2. T. rraxrni, L.y. S., Syn. Car. Pez. 1262, F. n. 3, et Bethl. 1963. 3. T. pricaro-cneNnaTa, L. y. S.,Syn. Car, Pez. 1257, F. n. 4, Carol. 1964. 4. T. eonspersa, F. 6, frequens Salem et Bethl. in Pyro. 1965. 5. T. vrricona, L. v. S., Syn. Car. Pez. 1265, frequens et Bethl. in Viti—F. n. 8. *1966. 6. T. cinenascens, L. y. 9., in putridissimo ramo ignoto horti Easton; ibidem freq. T. sessilis, majuscula, gregaria, prorumpens ex epidermide eleyata, cupulas cingente. Cupulis. ro- tundis aut difformibus, lobatisque et subconfluentibus. Disco marginato, impresso, aut umbonato et etiam tuberculoso. Velo cinereo, primum clauso, demum evanido: tune omnino nigra, pulvere seminali tecta. "1967. 7. T. rascrcurata, L, y. S., ex epidermide ramorum fruticis ignoti erumpens, Bethl. T. subsessilis, minor, fasciculatim erumpens, epidermide cincta. Cupulis fusco-nigris, varie tortis difformibus, marginibus inflexis subplicatis, disco excavato. Junior clausa, subsphaeriaeformis. "1968. 8. T.-serrata, L. v. S., in ligno decorticato longis seriebus provenit rara Bethl. 7. stipitata, concrescens longis seriebus. Primum refert Sphaeriam pyriformem nigram majusculam rugosam in orem prolongatam. Tum aemulat Pezizam ore contracto, stipite crasso cylindrico, marginibus tumidulis atrovirentibus, disco velato, velo pulverulento albescenti-viridi, ipso atroyi- rente. Ultimo statu valde dilatatur, disco tuberculato, margine viridi pulverulento, lobato, undulato. Altitudine lineam vix excedit. *1969. 9. T. rurnrnarta, L. y. S., in ramulis exsoletis Diervillae, Bethl. obyia. T. substipitata, primum erumpens ex epidermide capitulo globoso, sparsim sita, et quasi tuberculis echinata fusco-nigra. Demum refert Pezizam turbinato-obconicam, marginibus tumidulis, fere clau- sis, disco poriforme, tandem apertiusculo. Extus striata. Altitudine lineae. Tribus 2. DeRMEI. Genus 62. Drrmra. 1970. 1. D. Crarenrum, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1175, Tab. 1, Fries. Peziza, p. 74, vulgaris et maxima etiam Pennsylvania primo vere; semper ad ramos aut truncos in terra Jacentes. Tomento basilari saepe insuper terram expanso. Specimina dense caespitosa pedalia et 6 ungias alta interdum mihi obyia. Juniori statu saepe extus eleganter badio-furfuracea. "1971. 2. D. fascicularis, F. p. 75, in Pyro malo Bethl. *1972. 3. D. vorvtnea, L. y. S., omnino differt a priori. Bethl. rara in Populo italica. D. sessilis, caespitosa, coriaceo-membranacea, minor, ovata aut oblonga, fere semper clausa, extus cinerea furfuracea, intus nigra. Singulae cupulae sphaeriaeformes clausae sunt quasi pulyinatim— rarissime apertae obviae. Semilineam vix excedunt altitudine. "1973. 4. D. Cynontrag, L. y. S., rara in emortuis ramis Cydoniae, Bethl. D. sparsa, simplex, sessilis, applanato-adpressa, difformis aut subrotundo-undulata; extus furfure albido crasso pulverulento tecta, marginibus tumidis, arcte inflexis; disco fusco-badio, aut subcinnamomeo. Diametro 2—3 linearis. "1974. 5. D. Cerasi, F. p. 179, n. 3, Cenang. frequens et Salem et Pennsyly. in ramis Cerasorum. "1975. 6. D. Sernazag, L. v.S., in ramis Spiraeae opulifoliae rarior, Bethl. D. subsimplex, aut 2—3 in caespitulo, Cupulis siccis conniyentibus: madidis ap ertissimis, extus brunneo-fuscis furfuraceo-strigosis; disco badio. Minor; nunquam duas lineas excedens diametro. *1976. 7. D. fissa, F. p. 75, Peziza, rara inramis ignotis Nazareth obyia. 1977. 8. D. furfuracea, F. p. 75, Peziz. Syn. Car. 1254, in ramis Coryleis Salem et Bethlehem, Vou. IV.—3 K 238 ‘SYNOPSIS OF Genus 63. CENANGIUM. 1. Scleroderris. *1978. 1. C. Risis, F. p. 179, n. 1, rara Bethl. in Ribi. 1979. 2. €. crayarum, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1176, F. n. 2, solummodo in Carolina. 1980. 3. C. prunastri, F. n. 4, Syn. Car. 1259, vulgare Bethl. *1981. 4. C. rigidum, var. F. n. 4. Certissime species distincta nostra vulgatissima in ramis persiccis Salem et Bethlehem, cum prior praesertim Bethlehem in ramis crassis Pyri Mali obvia. 1982. 5. C. Ruors, L. v. S., non infrequens in Rhois glabrae ramis Salem et Bethl. Affinis C. Aucu- pariae et cum hac confusa, Syn. Carol. n. 1127. C. caespitosum, albido-pulverulentum, sphaeriaeforme, demum apertum; caespitulis minutis, fere semper circumdatis pulvere ex cortice orto. “1983. 6. C. laminare, F. n. 6, in ramis Betulae carpinifoliae Bethl. rarius. 1984. 7. C. Anpromepar, L.v.S,, Syn. Car. 1261, F. 8, frequens in Carolina. 1985. 8. C. rrrancuzanre, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 1255, F. 9, vulgaris etiam in Pennsylvania in ramis quercinis. "1986. 9. C. paumatum, L.y.S., tractu Jongitudinali prorumpens ex cortice Rhododendri maximi, Bethl. C. caespitosum, caespitibus pugilliformibus declinatis. Peritheciis seu Cupulis nigris subcylindricis, quasi ex tuberculo caespitosim orientibus, variis sibi ipsis impositis, apice primum in pseudostiolum abientibus, demum apertiusculis, et quasi poro hemisphaerico concayo minuto excayatis. Intus pulveraceis. 1—2 linearum altitudine. “1987. 10. °C. comprrssum, L. vy. S., ex ramis Betulae carpinifoliae (lentae) propullans, Bethl. C. transversim erumpens, caespitosum valde elevatum et ramum quasi aculeans. Cupulis semper inflato-compressis, apice valde yarieformatis, nigris, furfure cinereo adspersis, apice demum apertius- culis. 2 lineae saepe altis. Furfure externo detergibili—tum fungus nigro-pulverulentus eyadit. Etiam ex Nova Anglia communicavit Cl. Torrey. “1988. 11. C. eprspmarnra, L. y.S., aliquomodo analogum Hydno aut Radulae aterrimae. Vulgaris in Sphaeria stigmati et S. limaeformis, praesertim non evolutis—Epidermidem valde eleyat et ad dejectionem praeparat. C. difforme, subcylindrico-ventricosum; extus tuberculosum, inaequabile, apice truncato-impresso aut irregulariter aperto; nigro-fuscum, intus subgrumosum. Plerumque observatur in lignis igni destinatis. “1989. 12. C. Srarnyzeax, L. y. S., passim occurrit in junioribus ramis Staphyleae, Bethl. C. sparsim subepidermide, sed gregarium, primum tectum et epidermidem quasi nigricans, minutum, sphaeriaeforme. Demum prorumpens, nigrum, apice aperto irregulari; disco indistincte pulverulento, *1990. 13. C. conrusum, L. v. S., frequens in cortice ramorum Quercus albae in terra jacente Salem et Bethl. ; C. sparsum ac confluens, ramos aut juniores truncos pedaliter obtegens. Sub epidermide observatur crusta quadam effusa fusco-nigra, punctulatim subpubens, obsita peritheciis prorumpentibus, irregu- laribus, difformibus, sphaeriomorphis, conspurcatis extrorsum sporidiis quasi profluentibus. Cete- rum perithecia saepe globosa sunt et demum apice aperto, ore aut pezizoideo aut sphaeroideo, aut irregulari. “1991. 14. C, spHarRtarmorpuum, L. y. S., in ramis emollitis Quercus albae Bethl. C. gregarium, rarius confluens, epidermide innatum aut prorumpens, interdum quasi fasciculatum, plerumque autem forma obovata turbinata, fusconigrum, rugosum, punctatum, non stipitatum. Disco rarius subaperto. Intus ferrugineum—diametro } lineari. Ramum agmine vasto, longe lateque diffuso occupat. 2. Triblidium. "1992. 15. C. caliciiforme, F. p.183, n. 11, Salem et Bethl. *1993. 16. C. pithyum, F. n. 13, in frustulo pineo, Salem. 1994. 17. C. Visunnt, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1264, etiam Pennsyly. 1995. 18. C. runerpum, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 1265, Peziza quernea in excrescentiis ramorum Querens, Sal. et Bethl. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 239 "1996. 19. C. arcticum, F. 17, specimina nostra debemus clarissimo D. Kunzio Lipsiensi in foliis Andro- medae tetragonae ex Sinu Laurentio. "1997. 20. C. Tumorom, L. y. S., in excrescentiis ramorum passim, Bethl. C. prorumpens, primum tectum, demum epidermide stellatim fisso cinctum; sparsum nec caespitosum, rotundatum, convexum, nigrum, extus squamulosum, primum omnino clausum, demum apertum rimis, aut irregulariter rupto ore. *1998. 21. C. Cnrarazar, L.y. S., passim occurrit in ramulis Crataegi, Beth. J C. sparsum, sessile, repando-effusum, subtremelloso-corneum, atrum aut atro-fuseum, primum globo- sum, demum apertum, nigro-pulyeraceum, pulvere compacto; disco semper impresso. *1999. .2. C. arnuernosum, L. v. S., in ligno udo decorticato aut sub cortice Bethl. C. crustae quaedam atro aeruginosae lignum obtegenti et tingenti insidens caespitosim aut in lineis flexuosis aggregatum; cupulis minutis applanatis, margine undulato plicato tuberculoso; disco appla- nato pulverulento. Unicolor atro-aeruginosum; vix semilinea alta. *2000. 23. C, rrmrisepa, L. y. S., in lignis denudatis siccis, fibris insidet, primum subtectum. Bethle- hem praesertim in Castaneis sepium. C. minutissimum, fasciculatum et sparsum, etiam passim confluens. Siccum nigerrimum cupulis varie formatis, sed semper conniventibus; extus papillis nigris tam dense obsitum ut fere Exosporium Tiliae refert. Madefactum,-discus pallido-rufus, atro-pulyerulentus se exhibet. *2001. 24. C. arenrum, L. y. S., inramulis emortuis Hydrangeae Bethl. et Salem. C. sparsum, simplex, cupulis 1—2 linearibus, primum clausis, pulvinato-rotundis, extus nigro-ferrugi- nosis pulverulentis, demum late apertis, marginibus irregulariter inflexis, saepe ruptis. Disco pal- lido. Affinis est C. ferruginoso. "2002. 25. C. Rosar, L. y. S., prorumpens rarius ex cortice Rosae corymbosae, Bethl. C. caespitosum, prorumpens, cupulis dense aggregatis, corneis, nigronitentibus, margine tuberculoso, disco plano aperto. Cupulis difformibus. Affine C. Viburni. “2003. 26. C. rorvrrnum, L. y- S., sparsim erumpens ex Populi italicae cortice, Bethl. C. sparsum; 1—2 lin. latum, elevatum cum epidermide a qua cinctum primum clausum, nigrum ; demum apertum, margine effuso, disco cinereo pulverulento. Clausum fuscescit. Faciliter ellabit. "2004. 27. C. Casranear, L, y. S., ramulis junioribus Castaneae rarius insidet, Bethl. } C. simplex, prorumpens, epidermide cinctum et pulyere quodam spurio ex cortice insidens. Sessile subrepando-undulatum, marginibus tumidulis, centro discoideo irregulariter depresso, rugoso, sub- pulverulento. Demum ruptum et intus grumosum, fuscum. Extusnigrofuscum, Diametro lineam non excedit. *2005. 28. C. rariscens, L. y. S., in cortice Syringae et eyolutius in Moro alba, Bethl. C. minutum (majus tamen in Syringa) fasciculatum, prorumpens sessile; cupulis globosis primum clausis, interdum difformibus, pulvere copioso tectis, demum omnino fatiscentibus. Pulvere deterso apparent cupulae applanatae atronitentes, demum irregulariter apertae. *2006. 29. C, yicroruscum, L. y. S., ingenti copia occupat dejectos ramos ignotos, Beth. C. sparsum aut subcaespitosum, gregarium, globosum aut turbinatum, liberum quasi in epidermide, ad 2 lineas latum, undique tuberculosum, et quasi fusco barbatum pube brevi rigido. Disco vix aperto, sed dehiscens in rimis varie tortis. An hujus generis. Fungus distinctissimus. *2007. 30. C. pinastri, F. p. 184, n. 12, in ramis Pini Strobi, Bethl. *2008. 31. C. moxrriuscutum, L. y. S., eximia species, in Betula carpinifolia Mauch Chunk. C. pezizoideum, aggregatum ac sparsuin, saepe invicem adpressum et inde angulatum. Statu madido molliusculum 1—3 lineas latum, nigro olivaceum marginatum. Sicco statu corneo-ceraceum. Sessile, basi tamen contracta. Cupulam refert marginatam subrepandam lobatam, extus olivaceam, disco convexo rugoso, punctato, nigro. Intus substantia eleganter flavo-ferruginea. 3. Clithris. 2009. 39. C. ferruginosum, F. n. 18, Syn. Car. 1250, Peziza abietis sclummodo in Carolina mili obyium. 2010. 33. C. Cernaranrar, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 1256, F. 21, frequens locis suis etiam Pennsylv. 2011. 34. C. quercinum, F. 24, Syn. Car. Hysterium, 248, et. frequens in Pennsylvania. °*2012. $5. C. acutum, F. 23, in Sambuco rarius, Bethl. "2013. 36, C. errinum, L. y. S, longe lateque obtegens frustula corticis Pyri coronariae, Nazareth. 240 SYNOPSIS OF C. cupulis gregariis aut sparsis atrofuscis, nitentibus, plerumque transversim aut varie sitis, semper basin versus in stipitem contractis, more Lophii, siccitate conniventibus, sed etiam late hiascentibus, hysteriiformibus, marginibus inflexis, discum planum ve dite igs a exhibentibus. Interdum scutellam Lichenis referens, zane Site +9014.” 37. C, pnTERoxanTHoM, L. v. S., parvulum sed distinctissimum in ligno Pomorum, Bethl. C. longitudinaliter seriatum aut irregulariter prorumpens, sessile, hysteriiforme, subrotundum aut oyatum, plerumque clausum aut rima longitudinaliter apertum. Extus olivaceo rugosum nigrum. Intus colore luteo-virente pulverulentum praesertim sub disco subaperto. Crusta quadam ligno commixto nigra, €x qua prorumpit. Tribus 3. CLiosTOMEI. Genus 64. GLonium. 2015. 1. G. stellatum, F. 595, Syn. Car. 258, cum Icone frequens, etiam obyium in Pennsylyv. *2016. 2. G. accumuratum, L. vy. S., affine priori, sed vix mera varietas, cum constanter forma sua obvium, Bethl. G. subiculo byssino parco in ambitu, fibrillulis crassiusculis. Ad basin diametro gaudet unciali, unde irregulariter assurgit in formam subpyramidato-truncatam valde inaequalem et rugosam, ortam ex peritheciis accumulatis, sese invicem superincumbentibus, ramoso-radiantibus, radiis interruptis; intus albo-farctis. Altitudine semiunciali. Colore omnino prioris. Genus 65. Lopuium. *9017. 1. L. wayrcurante, L. y. S., in ligno ignoto Bethlehem, mihi obvium. L. non pedicellatum, sed basi contractum, elongatum, ovatum, subflexuosum, forma nayiculari valde simile. Hysterio, praesertim statu juniori, antequam omnino emersum, quia tum utrinque acumi- natum et rima omnino Hysterii praeditum. Provectiori aetate compressum eyadit, et extus longi- tudinaliter striatum concham referens, fuscescens, ceterum nigrum et utrinque obtusatum. An merum Hysterium? *2018. 2. L. Sassarras, L. y. S., passim occurrit in cortice Lauri Sassafras nec alibi in Pennsyly. L. majusculum, sparsum, affine mytilino, sed multo majus et obtusius. Subpedicellatum, sursum turgido-dilatatum, rugosum striatum, absque ullo SB aL: nigrum. Rima clausa; nucleo albido; interdum bifariam aperta. Genus 66. ActTipIuM. *9019. 1. A. carrernum, L. v. S., ad culmos et folia majorum Caricum, Bethlehem rarius. A. peritheciis applanatis, nigris, stellatim irregulariter radiantibus, lobis oblongis, obtusis, rugosis, pri- mum epidermide tectis, demum denudatis. Actinothysium occurrit in iisdem foliis. Genus 67. Cxiosromum. *2020, 1. C.corrugatum, F. p. 565, Rhytisma et Syn. Car. 1249, Peziza Hysterium; etiam in lignis exsiccatis sepium Bethlehem. sued NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 241 Tribus 4. PHacipier. Genus 68. Ruyrisma. "2021. 1. R. Andromedae, F. 5, ex Nova Anglia et Labrador in foliis Andromedae polifoliae. 2022. 2. R. necotonans, L. y. S., Syn. Car. Xyloma, 265, F. 6, frequens et Pennsylvaniae in foliis Andromedae paniculatae. 2023. 3. R. Vaccrni1, L.v.S., Syn. Car. 265, 8, non est mera yarietas sed satis distincta. Fre- quentissimum in foliis Vaccinii frondosi, rarius in aliis nisi etiam V. virgati. 2024. 4. R. Print, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 268, F. 9, nondum in Pennsyly. 2025. 5. R. Intcincona, L. v.S., Syn. Car. 269, F. 10, nec Pennsyly. *2026. 6, R. Itrers canapensis, L. y. S., frequens in foliis Iicis canadensis monte Pocono. R. hypophyllum multo minus priori, angulato-orbiculatum, valde elevatum, atrum sed absque nitore et superficie punctata, centro saepius impressum, folio subinnatum, cinctum margine pallido in folio. Interdum lobatum ambitu. Diametgg 1—2 lineari, et plerumque tantidem altum. 2027. 7. R. verarum, L. v. S., Syn. Car, 270, F. 11, solummodo in Carolina obyium. *2028. 8. R. salicinum, F. 12, rarius in foliis Salicum, Bethl. 2029. 9. R. Robiniae (Fungum etiam ex Bohemia teneo europaeum). Nunquam in foliis Robiniae pseudo-acaciae inveni, sed passim in foliis Robiniae viscosae in Horto Na- zareth. Fructificans rarum, sed macula nigra sterilis vulgata. 2030. 10. R. acerrimum, F. 14, Syn. Car. 266, etiam frequens in Pennsylv. in folii A. rubri. "2031. 11. R. punctatum, F. 15, (non Xyloma punctatum, Syn. Car. 267—quod ad R. Vaccinii) rarius in A. saccharini foliis Salem et Bethl. "2082. 12. R. Acents rnrocanrrar, L, y. S., in juniorum arborum foliis Aceris eriocarpae in Horto Bartramii, Philadelphia. R. innatum, magnum, atronitens, orbiculato-lobatum, luteo-marginatum, demum in plicis ramoso-un- dulatis radiantibus dehiscens. Vix mera varietas R. acerini? 2033. 13. R. Asvents, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 271, passim in foliis variorum Asterum Carolinae et Penn- sylvaniae. Species quam distincta. R. innatum exacte orbiculatum, margine latiusculo exalbescente, ambitu lobato, amphigenum, atrum sed expers nitoris, teniusculum, punctulatum: diametro bilineari, primum velo tenuissimo cinereo tectum demum evanescente. Dehiscens non mihi obyium, In planta ubi occurrit plerumque fre- quenter infestat folia. *2054. 14. R. Sorracrts, L. y. S., vulgatissimum in foliis vigentibus Solidaginis lanceolatae nec alibi Bethl. R. innatum, aterrimum, absque ullo velo aut nitore, orbiculatum aut ovyatum, margine luteo in folio; in pagina superiori convexum, in inferiori concayum; diametro 1—6 linearum. Saepe plura confluunt —sed apertum non vidi. *2035. 15. R. nrrrons, L. y. S., rarum in folio Solidaginis sempervirentis, mihi ex New York commu- nicatae a clarissimo D. Torrey. R. innatum, amphigenum, orbiculatum, gregarium aut subconfluens, convexum in ambabus paginis et satis crassum, margine in folio exalbescente. Sursum indutum cortice aut velo crassiore fusco- grisea exteriori, demum frustulis soluto, cortice interiori atra, intus carbonaceum. Diametro trili- neari. Interdum perforatum inyenitur, an casu’—ceterum inapertum. N. B. Tres species antecedentes memorabiles inter se affines sunt. *2036. 16. R. Sassarnras, L. v. S., rarius in foliis Sassafras Carolinae, affinis R. decoloranti. R. innatum, minus, epiphyllum, orbiculatum, 1 lineare, pagina inferiori, glauco-subyelatum, aequabile; in superiori nigro-nitens, flexuoso-plicatum, plicis demum rimose hiantibus. "2037. 17. R. Vitis, L. vy. S., rarius in foliis putridis (nec in vigentibus observatum) Vitis aestivalis Carolinae ac Pennsyly. R. innatum, minutum (1—2 lineari diametro) orbiculatum—aut subquadratum, atrum; pagina superiori Vou. IV.—3 L 242 SYNOPSIS OF demum dehiscens plicis flexuosis irregularibus; pagina inferiori subcinerascens, aut cum folio priino- sum; aequabile sed tamen punctulatum. *2038. 18. R. JuezaNnvis, L. y. S., olim Nobis Sphaeria placentula, passim in foliis emortuis equidem corruptissimis Juglandis tomentosae et albae, Bethl. R. minutum punctiforme, quasi placentulam orbiculatam referens, applanatam, in aversa pagina folii; nigram, plicis radiantibus flexuosis, demum dehiscentibus. Multis aggregatis plerumque sed non inter se confluentibus. *2039. 19. R. Macnorraz, L. vy. S., in foliis dejectis adhuc viridibus Magnoliae glaucae prope Phila- delphia. R. paginae superiori foliiinsidens, maculis subeffiguratis, } uncialibus nigro-fuscis, ambitu orbiculato minus obscuro. Demum frustulatim dehiscens. Cortice tenuissimo, Folium in ambitu plerumque exarido. Pagina ayersa glaucescit fungus. *2040. 20. R. Cacri,L. vy. S., in foliis Cacti opuntiae passim: Salem. Plerumque corruptis. R. innato-subtectum, demum erumpens, atronitens, varium, difforme, satis elevatum, superficie irre- gulariter flexuoso-plicata, plicis dehiscentibus. Pluribus aggregatis confluentibus. *2041. 21. R. serrare, L. vy. S., rarissime obvium, in vetusto Scopo ex ligno Hickory, Bethl. R. seriatim confluens, lineolis atronitentibus ex numerosis aggregatis peritheciis, varie formatis et flexuosis, rimis demum dehiscentibus. Peritheciis minutis. 2042. 22. R. conrrurns, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 260, F. 19, et Pennsyly. frequens in caulibus, praesertim Eupatorii maculatae, &c. 2043. 23. R. Smrracis, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 259, F. 18, frequens etiam in Smilacibus Pennsyly. An idem cum Dichaena smilacina? *29044. 24. R. ereyarum, L. vy. S., affinis R. confluenti in caulibus an Urticae, Bethl. R. minus, confluens, multo magis elevatum quam No. 22, atronitens, irregulariter demum ruptum. Colore atro. Copia magna quasi aggregatum in maculas indeterminatim effusis. *2045. 25. R. Srupaut, L. v. S., in caulibus Silphii culti in Horto, Nazareth frequens. R. innatum, efficiens maculas minores ellipticas aut ovatas, utrinque acuminatas, etiam interdum orbi- culares, atronitentes, conflatas ex peritheciis efiguratim confluentibus, in ambitu simplicibus ; super- ficie aequabili, primum striata, demum tuberculosa, hine inde rimose dehiscente. *2046. 26. R. anerurinatum, L. vy. S., aut R. maximum, F.3. Species valde memorabilis, de qua diu dubiosus fui, an hujus generis aut Phlebia. Semper in ramis Salicum indigenarum y. c. S. ducidae, marginatae et taliwm in ripis crescentium, s2epe plures connectens, et inter se conglutinans. Juxta Lehigh demum omnibus statubus inventum magna copia—certus factus sum Ahytisma ante oculos habere et non multum abest ut persuasum sim esse R. maximum Fries. R. irregulariter effusum, nigrofuscum, induratum, rimosum, plicis transversis rugosis. A retissime ramis adhaerens, crassiusculam membranam, coriaceo-viscosam exhibens. Marginibus siccitate solutis involutis, ceterum innatum et a ligno non separabile. Intus albido. Genus 69. Puacrprum. * Erumpentia. *2047. 1. P. alneum, F. p. 573, n. 4, in ramis Alni, Bethl. *2048. 2. P. lacerum, F. 12, in foliis Pini inopis, Philad. *2049. 3. P. abietinum, F. 13, in foliis Pini Strobi, Nazareth. 2050. 4. P. multivalve, F. 14, in foliis Tlicis opacae. Salem. Erumpens, ovato-subrotundum, diametro 1 lineari, simplex sparsum, atronitens, valde convexo-elevatum, in lacinias 4—5 ruptum, disco fus- cescente. *2051. 5. P. Ruopvopenony, L. y. S., in pagina superiori Rhod. maximi foliorum, Bethl. P. in macula lata expansa albescente innatum, peritheciis nigrofuscescentibus, majoribus, bilinearibus aut ultra, sparsis, obtuso-oblongis, subflexuosis, demum in lacinias tres, irregulariter ruptis. Disco fuscescente subpulverulento. *2052. 6. P. exasrrnans, L. y. S., frequentissimum in utraque pagina foliorum emortuorum Kalmise latifoliae, Bethl. et Salem. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 243 P. erumpens, demum libere folio insidens, minutum, sparsum, sed tamen tam copiose ut folium tactu exasperat, subrotundum, applanatum, truncatum, aterrimum absque nitore, undique punctulato-aspe- rum. Demum in paucas lacinias ruptum: disco indistincto. *2053. 7. P. conricaxr, L. y. S., affine P. alneo, sed multo majus 4 unciale et ultra nec rhomboideum— in ramis exsiccatis Rhododendri, Bethl. P. erumpens, atrum, rugosum, elliptico-ovatum marginatum, maximum, plano-depressum, epidermide lacerato cinctum. Demum irregulariter in lacinias fissum, strato discoideo fuscescenti—in exsoletis subfatiscente. "2054. 8. P. cauxincora, L. v. S., in variis caulibus majoribus y. c. Eupatorii, Bethl. P. erumpens aut potius subinnatum, exacte orbiculare, depresso-planum, atronitens, sparsum, multis tamen gregariis. Diametro semilineari. Superficie primum plicata, demum in lacinias paucas de- hiscente. *2055. 9, P. carsutang, L. y. S., frequens in Capsulis emortuis Verbasci Thaps. Bethl. P. primum innatum, hemisphaericum, punctiforme, fuscum, subpellucidum, minutissimum, demum adnatum, atrum, orbiculare, depressum, corrugatum, in plures lacinias ruptum. "2056. 10. P. etannicoxa, L. v. S., rarius obvium in glandibus quercinis, Bethl. P. erumpens, atronitens, minutum, sparsum, ovato-obtusum, centro fere ut Hysterium assurgens, sed in plures lacinias dehiscens, disco dilute fuscescente, 3 lin. diametro. ** Xyloma. 2057. 11. P. coronatum, F. 16, Syn. Car. 281, et in Pennsyly. "2058. 12. P. dentatum, i. 17, in foliis quercinis, Bethl. *2059. 13. P. rraxineum, L. vy. S., in foliis F. acuminatae rarum, sed copiose aggregatum Bethl. P. innatum, majus priori, absque macula in pagina aversa, gregatim sparsum, subrotundum aut difforme, atrum absque nitore, convexo-applanatum; superficie plicato-rugosa, demum irregulariter fissa in lacinias. An ad P. fimbriatum? Sistens puncta nigra conspicua in epidermide cinerascente folii. "2060. 14, P. Praranr, L. y. S., frequens in aversa pagina folii Platani occident. Bethl. P. innatum, minutissimum, creberrime sparsum, atronitens, punctiforme, sed pro ratione valde elevatum, ovale aut difforme. Superficie primum notato plicis tribus elevatis, demum fissa in lacinias tres. Disco pallido. *2061. 15. P. aurrerxum, L. v. S., in aversa pagina foliorum Quercinorum rarum, Bethl. P. minutum, nudo oculo punctiforme nigrum aut fuligineum. Lente admota omnino difforme, varie lobatum, subelevatum, applanatum, absque nitore, demum dehiscens laciniis irregularibus. Genus 70. Hysrerrivum. * Denudata. 2062. 1. H. pulicare, F. p. 579, n. 1, Syn. Car. 237, vulgatissimum in corticibus et lignis Carolinae et Pennsyly. Varietates insignes occurrunt. a angustatum non rarum. B lenticulare in Querco, Bethl. 7 juglandis, Syn. Car. 242, frequens et Pennsylyv. S laeve vulgatum Pennsyly. *2068. 2. H. elongalum, F. 3, rarius, Salem et Bethl. *2064. 3. H. graphicum, F. 4, in cortice Sassafras, Bethl. 2065. 4. H. ronrtire, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 250, F. 5, etiam Bethl. *2066. 5. H. varium, F. 7, rarissime in Querco, Bethl. 2067. 6. H. Casraneaz, L.v. S., Syn. Car. 247, F. 8, passim praesertim in frustulis ligni caesi etiam Bethl. *2068. 7. H. acuminatum, F. 9, ad ligna vetusta Sassafras, Bethl. 2069. 8. H. dineare, F. 10, passim et Pennsyly. Syn. Car. 240. *2070. 9. H. aggregatum, F. 11, in denudatis lignis, Bethl. *2071. 10. H. ellipticum, F. 12, rarius ad cortices Sal. et Bethl. *2072. 11. H. vutvarum, L. y. S.,ex New York accepi lignis denudatis ramorum. 244 SYNOPSIS OF H. majusculum, sparsum, ovato-ellipticum, atrum, suberumpens, vulvaeforme vix striatum. Labiis acu- tis subinflexis ; disco lineat. Maximam affinitatem habet cum H. pulicari; at differt magnitudine, locatione, nempe rariter sparsum in ligno, circumcirca cinerascente. *2073. 12. H. Syrrnear, L. v. S., in truncis putrescentibus Syringae, Bethl. H. primum libro subimmersum, sparsum; demum denudatum aggregatum et saepe crusta nigra cir- cumdatum, ovato-ellipticum, acuminatum aut obtusum, aut varium, atrum, rugosum, apice subtrun- catum. Labiis acutiusculis non striatis. Disco lineolata. *2074. 13. H. prartoneum, L. v. S., passim in ligno carioso Carolinae ac Pennsyly. H. longissimum, rectum aut paululum tantum flexuosum inter fissuras fibrarum, longitudinaliter et paralleliter seriatum. Labiis inflexis modice dehiscentibus. Provenit gregatim et appressim lineis parallelis. Singulum perithecium angustum ad sex lineas longum. *2075. 14. H. nerurienum, L. y.S., frequens in cortice antiquo frustulato Betulae, Salem et Bethl. H. varie flexuosum et contortum, compresso-teres, nigrum. Peritheciis in subiculo quodam crustuoso- floccoso, majusculis, situ mire variantibus. Labiis tumidulis, obtusis, substriatis. *2076. 15. H. crnerascens, L. v. S., rarius in putridissimis lignis Juglandis cinereae, Bethl. H. gregarium, elongato-flexuosum, aterrimum, subnitens, quanquam superficie punctulata. Ligno cinerascente circumdatum, hinc cinerascens. Peritheciis dense aggregatis elongatis, labiis tenuibus, saepe frustulatim ruptis valde dehiscentibus. *2077. 16. H. reres, L. vy. S.,rarissime in yetustis lignis Rhododendri, Carolina et Pennsyly. H. crustae quaedam aeruginoso-fuligineae insidens. Peritheciis teretibus, longitudine lineam exceden- tibus, elevatis, subflexuosis, utrinque abbreviatim acutis, nigris, glabris nec nitentibus. Labiis subinflexis apertis. *2078. 17. H. 1Nsrpens, L. v. S., rarius in lignis induratis solummodo Salem obvium. H. insidens crustae longe effusae nigrae. Peritheciis brevibus, sparsis, crassis, oblongo-ovatis, sub- truncatis, plerumque versus basin in pseudostipitem contractis, utrinque obtusis, nigris. Labiis hiantibus inflexis. *2079. 18. H. rugulosum, L. v. S., in frustulis dejectis ligni salicini, Bethl. H. peritheciis minoribus rotundis aut difformibus, nigris, plerumque conyvexis, extus valde rugulosis in maculam aggregatis, aut sparsis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus, rima centrali, interdum abbreviata et manifestim labiata. *2080. 19. H. nucicona, L. y. S., in nucibus putridissimis Juglandis amarae, Bethl. H. crustae nigricanti insidens. Peritheciis ex ovato-hemisphaericis valde convexis, rima subimpressa, acuta clausa, ceterum glabris, ex fusco-nigris, acervatim sitis ex omni positione, transversa, parallela et mixta. Crusta videtur orta ex ascis profluentibus. ** Erumpentia. 2081. 20. H. rurescens, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 252, F. n. 13, Vulgatissimum in discis caesorum arborum, et in cavitatibus udis succo repletis, praesertim Quercuum et Castanearum, interdum ad ulnarem longitudinem effusum, et Pennsyly. 2082. 21. H. elatinum, (crispum) F. 10, Syn. Car. 255, et. Pennsylvy. 2083. 22. H. rrexvosum, L. v.S., Syn. Car. 249, F. 18, et. Pennsylv. *2084. 235. H. Fraxini, F. 19, rarius in ramis fraxineis, Bethl. *2085. 24. H. conigenum, F. 20, rarius in Conis Pinorum, ibid. *2086. 25. H. rnmrncora, L. v. S., affine H. Ledi, in rimis corticalibus virgultorum emortuorum Dier- villae—valde distinctum, Bethl. H. erumpens, in rimis situm, vix unquam omnino denudatum, angustum, lineare, confluens lineatim longis seriebus. Peritheciis medio dilatatis, labiis tumidulis apertis; aetate irregulariter ruptis, sub- flexuosis, utrinque acuminatis, nigris, disco pallente. Junioribus peritheciis saepe sphaeriaeformibus. *2087. 26. H. Mont, L. y. S., passim lignis cariosis Mori increscit Bethl. H. erumpens, atrum, ovato-acuminatum, convexum. Peritheciis aggregatis, labiis tenuibus. Disco cinerascenti. *2088. 27. H. Vaccinu, L. y. S., in ramis exsoletis Vaccinii frondosi, Bethl. H. erumpens, magnum, elongatum, ovyatum, fusco-atrum, multo majus H. Ledi, cui affine. Labiis tenuibus, disco rufescente. Cortice cinctum erumpit. *2089. 28. H. Azavzar, L. y. S., etiam priori et H. rimincolae affine. In cortice Azaleae nudiflorae, Bethl. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 245 H. primum epidermide fere tectum, inde intumescente, quacum assurgit, rima aperta, satis magnum, seriatim ac paralleliter confluens, peritheciis 1—2 lineas imo interdum semiunciam longitudine aequantibus. Ex cortice tumido formantur pseudolabia obtegentia vera tenuia aperta, subrufes- centia nigra, discum latiusculum monstrantia, fere nunquam denudata, nisi fungo destructo. Epi- dermide demum dejecta, peritheciorum rudera ex ipso ligno erumpentiorum, flexuosorum, margine tumido—in conspectum yeniunt. *2090. 29. H. Anpnomepag, L. v. S., passim in cortice juniorum ramorum emortuorum Andromedae axillaris, Salem Carolinae. H. erumpens, primum epidermide tectum, nigro-circumscriptum, epidermide cum perithecio elevata, subpellucente, demum nigra. Peritheciis nigris ovatis, subrotundis et orbiculatis, sparsis aut con- fluentibus. Labiis hiantibus, disco nigro. Solummodo sub epidermide aut in illa occurrit, nunquam in ligno ipso. Interdum difforme. *9091. 30. H. Kaunas, L. y. S., in lignis subcariosis Kalmiae erumpens ex fibris subsolutis ac ab his tectum, Salem. H. fibris immersum, demum longitudinaliter erumpens; Peritheciis longissimis, linearibus, rectis utrin- que acuminatis, confluentibus, aterrimis. Labiis tenuibus, subturgidis, hiantibus, rima Jatiuscula. *2092. 31. H. Ruors, L. y. S., rarius in ligno carioso Rhois typhinae, Bethl. H. sparsum, breve, ovatum aut subrotundum, convexo-globosum, nigrum, non nitens, glabrum. Labiis distantibus, rima latiuscula aperta. Inter fibras ligni subimmersum, minutum, puncta nigra nudo oculo tantum repraesentans. *2093. S32. H. Versascr, L, y. S., frequens in exoletis caulibus V. Thapsi, Bethl. H. regulare, erumpens, sparsum, nullimodo confluens aterrimum, abbreyviato-oblongum,utrinque acu- minatum extus rugoso-punctatum. Labiis satis distantibus. Disco nigro. 2094. 33. H. ansreviarom, L. v. S., in ligno antiquissimo Rhododendri, Bethl. H. erumpens ex fibris subsolutis cinerascentibus, punctiforme et abbreviatum, Perithecio semilineari, subacuminato glabro, arcte clauso, valde elevato, nigrescente, spargente ascos frequentes. *2095. 34. H. rrprirecrum, L. v. S., in lignis antiquissimis salicinis, Bethl. H. erumpens, gregarium, plagas unciales inter fibros semisolutos occupans. Peritheciis semilinearibus, atris, late oyatis, utrinque abrupte acuminatis, plerumque apice applanatiusculis, lateribus conyexis; rima lata marginata, primum clausa. *** Subtecta. 2096. 35. H. Sminacis, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 241, F. 21, et. Pennsylv. *2097. 36. H. Griseum, L. y. S., yulgatissimum sub epidermide ramorum juniorum Smilacium frigore enecatorum, Bethl. H. primum omnino tectum epidermide, per quam subtranslucentem perspicitur et inde colorem griseum induit, quanquam Perithecia matura nigro-nitent. Ceterum perithecia sunt ovata orbiculata aut varia, minuta, multa aggregata, semper obtusa. Demum rima longitudinaliter dehiscente, disco nigrofusco. *2098. 37. H. Sambuci, F. n. 24, frequens in S. canadensi, Bethl. 2099. 38. H. Rubi, F. 25, Syn. Car. 246, et. Pennsyly. frequens. 2100. 39. H. Pinastri, F. 26, Syn. Car. 256, frequens et Pennsyly. *2101. 40. H.conriuens, L. y. S., in stipitibus Ruborum Bethl. non rarum; satis affine H. Rubi sed forma et indole diversum. H, subinnato-tectum, sparsum in macula expallente epidermidis. Peritheciis polymorphis, oyatis, sub- rotundis, aut difformibus, saepe confluentibus, situ variantibus, nigris, majoribus minoribus inter- mixtis, ultimis plerumque orbiculatis. Labiis medio assurgentibus, rima acutim apertis, utrinque quasi sulcatis sub rima. Absque nitore. 2102. 41. H. xiprincora, L. y. S., in exsoletis caulibus Asclepiadis syriacae, epidermide orbatis, Bethl. H. subtecto innatum ipso libro caulis, minutum sparsum, nigrum, subrugosum, 3 lineae longum con- yexum oblongo-ovatum, utrinque obtusum. Demum rima satis hians. Merum punctum offert nudo oculo, in fibris elevatiusculis situm aut potius illis innatum. Vou. IV.—3 M 246 SYNOPSIS OF vex Xyloma. *2103. 42. H. commune, F. 33, in stipitibus, Bethl. ; 2104. 45. H. pranrarum, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 255, F. 34, etiam in Pennsylv. in exsoletis Montropis. *2105. 44. I. tumidum, F. 40 4 trigonum, in foliis Quercinis, Bethl. *2106. 45. H.expatrens, L. v.S., affine H. communi—in stipitibus Syngenesiae plantarum majorum (Asterum, &c.), Bethl. H. maculis pallide rufescentibus aut exalbescentibus late effusis in caulibus, innatum. Peritheciis sparsis, majoribus, atris ovatis, margine aut ambitu quasi Leptostromatoideo, centro elevato, rima lineari centrali aperto. His majoribus intermixta minora fusca punctiformia, *2107. 46. H. typhinum, F. 36, frequens in Typha, Bethl. *2108. 47. H. gramineum, F. 39, in foliis graminum ibid. 2109. 48. H. foliicolum, F. 43, Syn. Car. Xyloma hysterioides, 283. Solummodo obvium in fol. A, axillaris, Salem. *2110. 49. H. punctiforme, F. 46, in nervis foliorum Quercinorum. Saepe in consortio sequentis, Bethl. *2111. 50. H. petiolare, F. 47, frequens in petiolis, Bethl. *9112. 51. H. Samarae, F. 48, frequens in Samaris fraxineis, Bethl. #9113. 52. H. Osmunnar, L. vy. S., in stipitibus Osmundae spectabilis, Salem et Bethl. H. minutum, lineare, clongatum, atrum, interdum confluens, erumpens, elevatum, labiis valde hianti- bus, utrinque acuminatum; refert lineolas nigras subpunctiformes. *2114. 53. H. Preninis, L. y. S., rarissime in stipitibus Pteridis aquilinae, Bethl. H. multo majus praecedenti, et ad priorem sectionem spectans; primum nigrofuscum, demum nigrum. Peritheciis ovatis, acuminatis, applanatis, substriatis, sparsis, interdum linearibus, sed saepe latius- culis. Rima longitudinaliter aperta. *2115. 54. H. Potyeonart, L. v. S., an Latrella? caules Polygonati latifolii, longe lategue occupans. H. sparsum aut confluens, eleganter nigro-punctans caules. Peritheciis atronitentibus, oblongo-ovatis, obtusis. lima centrali eleyata: demum hiante. 9116. 55. H. Raoponennni, L. y. S., affinis H. tumido, in foliis Rhododendri Bethl. Vereor nisi idem cum Phacidio Rhododendri? H. in macula expallente effigurata orbiculata situm; majusculum, bilineare, sparsum saepe transyer- sim, valde elevatum, ovale, tumidulum, ex sordide viridi-nigrum. Interdum trifariam dehiscens, labiis semper quasi undulatis. Genus 71. Excrrua. *2117. 1. KE. turgida, F.p. 190, n. 25, ad ramos rara, Bethl. *2118. 2. E. Rubi, F. n. 26, frequens Bethl. in Rubis. *2119. 3 E. Strobi, F. n. 28, in conis Pini Strobi, Bethl. 2120. 4. E. r1u10rvm, L. y. S., Syn. Car. Xyloma, 261, F. p. 597, et. Bethl. *2121. 5. E. eprpenmiontis, L. v. S. rarior in epidermide secedenti Spiraeae opulifoliae, Beth. E. innato-erumpens, demum libera. Cupulis minutis sparsis, extus nigris, rugosis, margine sublace- rato, orbiculato-subrotundo. Disco subaperto, luteo-pallido. Minuta. *2122. 6. E. Rumicrncora, L. y. S., in emortuis caulibus R. verticillati, Beth]. E. epidermide plerumque tecta, imposita fibrillulis radiantibus, oblonga, utrinque acuminata, nigra. Centro ore eleyato aperto rotundo aut orbiculato. “2123. 7. E. masuscuna, L. vy. S., in caulibus dejectis Collinsoniae, affinis priori, Bethl. E. epidermide tecta, insidens fibrillulis indistinctis repentibus vix radiantibus, 2 lineas longa, ovato- acuminata, confluens, nigra. In centro depressa, demum ore rotundo aperta. "2124. 8. E. etannicoxa, L. y. S., rarior occurrit ad basin glandium putrescentium, Bethl. E. nuda, superficialiter adnata, orbiculata, aggregata et interdum confluens. Peritheciis singulis applanatis in ambitu manifestim marginatis, atronitentibus plicatis. Ore centrali subeleyato pezi- zoideo-aperto rotundo, "2125, 9. E. yiricora, Ly. S., rarior in foliis Vitis aestivalis, pagina aversa, Bethl. E. minutissima, punctiformis, sparsa, aterrima, demum fere omnino aperta, disco candido. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 247 *2126. 10. E. uumrcona, L. v. S., rarior in foliis dejectis Ulmi fulvae, Bethl. E. in pagina superiori efficit maculas indeterminatas late expansas, in ambitu subeffiguratas, cineras- centes, fusco-marginatas, margine fusco lato. His copiose immersa sunt perithecia, excipuloidea, punctiformia, nigra, centro depresso et quasi cinerascente. An Sphaeria Depazea? *2127, 11. E. wirmvra, L. y. S., in ligno Liriodendri tulipiferae aetate cinerascenti denudato, Beth. E. sparsa, minuta, superficialis. Cupulis aut peritheciis subglobosis, nigris, glabriusculis, extus nitidu- lis. Disco concayo exalbido non turgido. Orvo Ill. CYTISPOREI. Genus 72. Zyrura. Fries. Sys. Veg. p. 118. 2128. 1. Z. subulata, F. (Sphaeronema 1), Syn. Car. Sphaeria, 232, in fungis agaricoideis et Bethl. passim. *2129. 2. Z. rufa, F. (Sphaeronema 2), elegantissima in ligno Lauri aestivalis emortuo duro, Bethl. *2130. 3. Z. compressa, L. y. S., in Polyporo frondoso rara sed optime distincta a Z. subulata cui affinis, Bethl. Z. sparsa et gregaria. Peritheciis parabolice-conicis subcompressis, spadiceis, subdiaphanis. Globulo spermatico candido, demum penicillatim tecto ascis evolutis. Magnitudine Z. subulatae. Genus 73. SpHAERONEMA. *2131. 1. S. aciculare, F. n. 3, Salem et Bethl. rarum. 2132. 2. S. acrospermum, F. 4, Syn. Car. 228, nondum in Pennsylv. *2133. 3. S. ventricosum, F. 5, in cortice Castaneo Bethl. et Salem. *2134, 4. S. cladoniscus, F. 6, in Rhododendro, Bethl. *2135. 5. S. affine, F. 7b, vix mera varietas proximi, Bethl. 2136. 6. S. cylindricum, F. 7 a, Syn. Car. 229, in ramulis et Bethl. *2137. 7. S. parabolicum, F. 8, in libro corticis Castan. Bethl. 2138. 8. S. conicum, F. 9, Syn. Car. 231, nondum Pennsylv. *2139. 9. S. pyriforme, F. 10, sub cortice Pyri, Bethl. in libro. 2140. 10. S. hemisphaericum, F. 13, Syn. Car. 230, et. Bethl. *2141. 11. S. Raopopnennrr, L. vy. S., in ligno deorbato Rhododendri, Bethl. S. peritheciis sparsis, complanatis, subinnatis, ovatis striatis, nigris. Globulo albo deciduo, tum quasi perforata apparent perithecia, ceterum minuta. *2142. 12. S. Cararpaz, L.y.S., in aversa pagina decedentis Corticis Catalpae ex libro pullulans, Bethl. S. peritheciis subcylindricis, gracilibus, basi bulboso-incrassato, nigris. Globulo spermatico deciduo albo, relinquente foveolum excayatum album in ore perithecii. *2143. 13. S. cavzincona, L. v. S. S. peritheciis aggregatis, subdifformibus aut Sphaeriaemorphis, nigris, rugosis, subcompressis—corona- tis globulo nigro, Intus albofarctis. Prorumpens ex caulibus vetustis ignotis, Bethl. Genus 74. Cyrispora. 2144. 1. C. chrysosperma, F. p. 542, n. 4, Syn. Car. 291, Naemasp. frequens in Betulis yariis, Salem et Bethl. *2145. 2. C. carphosperma, F. 6, ad corticem Mali, Bethl. *2146. 3. C. xanthosperma, F. 5, in ramis salicinis, Bethl. #2147. 4. C. fugaz, F. 9, in salicinis ramis, ibid, 248 SYNOPSIS OF #2148. 5. C. hyalosperma, F. 15, ramis Carolinae passim. *9149. 6. C.carbonacea, F. 10, in ramis ulmeis, Bethl. *2150. 7. C. melasperma, F. 12, Salem et Bethl. in Betula. *2151. 8. C. betulina, F. 13, etiam Salem et Bethl. *2152. 9. C. guttifera, F. 16, ramulis ignotis, Bethl. #2153. 10. C. globifera, F. 17, elegans in Spiraeae opulifol. ibid. *2154. 11. C. rhuina, F. 18, frequens in emortuis ramis variorum Rhoidum, Bethl. *2155. 12. C. Rosae, Greville Scot. Crypt. frequens in ramis Rosae corymbosae, Hope, New Jersey. *2156. 15. C. Persicar, L.y. S., frequentissima in junioribus ramulis Persicarum Salem et Bethl. C. tuberculo tecto, demum prorumpente, orbiculari, minuto, sparso, AUErO- Ore albescente, cirrhulo deciduo, albido. Intus celluloso- -grumosa albescens. *2157. 14. C. Rosrnrar, L. vy. S., vix C. coccinea F., nam cirrhulus omnino aliter coloratus. Non rara in ramulis Robiniae. C. tuberculis majusculis, fusco-badiis, quadrato-elevatis ex epidermide prorumpentibus stellatim fisso; multis aggregatis cingentibus ramulos, apice subostiolato irregulariter depresso. Intus nigrescit. Cirrhis pallidis. #9158. 15. C. Cranorur, L. y. S., frequens in virgultis emortuis Ceanothi, Bethl. C. conceptaculo nullo. Cellulis fuligineis circinantibus in massa corticali, formante tuberculum oyatum, subelevatum sub epidermide. Disco in centro inaequabili, cirrho sordide albo deciduo. Gelatina in cellulis cornea indurata. Minutissima, vix semilineari diametro sed frequentissime pro- rumpens ex corticis rimis. *2159. 16. C. prrrormis, L. v. S., in maximis ramis quercinis ad ignem destinatis, Bethl. C. magna; cellulis in conceptaculo indistincto incusis, tam irregulari et saepe obliterato ut cellulae luteae gyrosae, materie nigra indurata repletae, quasi in corticali substantia nidulare videntur, tamen nigro-circumscriptae. Ostiolis confusis crassis, emittentibus cirrhos rudes, majores incarnato rubescentes, demum corneos, demum omnino tectos pulvere albo-filamentoso. Prorumpit ex rimis corticis et facile maxima species generis. *2160. 17. C. aurncrna, L. v. S., affinis C. chrysospermae in lignis ad ignem praeparatis, Bethl. C. cellulis in conceptaculo incusis conico-irregulari nec tam efformato quam in C. chrysosperma. Osti- clis pluribus difformibus crassis. Cirrhis lutescentibus mediocris ex ostiolis. *2161. 18. C. Rust, L. v. S., in junioribus ramis R. Idaei hortorum frigore enecati, Bethl. C. tuberculis in macula aggregatis longe lateque effusa lactea, immersis, nigris, regulariter oyatis, applanatis, subcellulosis, intus albidis, elevatis in collum centrale, ex quo protruduntur cirrhi crassi difformes, decumbentes ex albo-lutescentes. Fila Dothidinea interdum tuberculum cingunt— an aliena? Genus 75. CrurTHospora. *2162. 1. C.phaeocomes, Sphaeria capillata Greville nec Neesii—F. Syst. Veg. p. 120, Sphaeria p. II. 448. Species distinctissima in culmis secalinis, Bethl. Genus 76. Puoma. "2163. 1. P. salicina, F. 546,n.1. Rara Easton in Salicinis fol. *2164. 2. P. populi, F. n. 2; frequens in foliis P. moniliformi dejectis, Bethl. 2165. 3. P. pustula, F.n. 4, Syn. Car. Sphaeria, 224, et passim in foliis Juglandinis, Bethl. #2166. 4. P. Carycantut, L.y. S., frequens in foliis jam semi-emortuis Calycanthi. P. multilocularis—subrotunda, plana, confluens, fusca, epidermidi innata, tecta. Ostiolis indistinctis sparsis. Marissime aperta. Satis magna, bilinearis. Folia maculat. *2167. 5. P. rurrrirenar, L. y. S., rarius occurrit in foliis Liriodendri pagina inferiori—sed ubi adest, copiosa, Bethl. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 249 P. pustula applanata, pluribus confluentibus, nigro-fuscis majusculis, satis eleyatis. Ostiolis indistincte formatis. Intus priori affinis. : "2168. 6. P. Anpromepar, L. y.S., rariusin foliis dejectis A. axillaris, Salem, Paginam ayersam infestat. P. subtecta, entophylla, epidermide circumcirca cinerascente formatur macula indeterminatim effusa, in qua perithecia irregulariter sparsa aut aggregata sunt, difformia, nigra, oyato-applanata, multi- locularia. Epidermide demum rupta, ora peritheciorum irregularia prominent. Magnitudine peri- theciorum variante vix unquam lineam et dimidiam excedit. *2169. 7. P. prunicoua, L. y. S., passim sed rarior in foliis Pruni yirginianae aut serotinae dejectis, Bethl. P, entophylla; epidermide cinerascente formante maculas latas irregulariter effusas in folio. Demum rupta, perithecia in conspectum yeniunt ovata, rotunda aut quadrato-difformia, nigro-fusca, ore rotundo primum pertusa, demum latius aperta, et forma oris irregulari—stromate interno manifesto grumoso-fuscescente. ; "2170. 8. P. curmrcora, L. y. S., eximia species, in culmis Andropogi scoparii, Bethl. P. sparsa, eleganter erumpens, globosa, aut elliptico-elevata fere semilineam alta, extus atra, rugosa, conyexa, Ore majusculo, albocincto, aperto; disco pallide flayo excayato; massa interna grumosa. Juniori aetate epidermide tecta. Orvo IV. XYLOMACEI. Genus 77. Scuizoxyon. "2171. 1. S. Persoonii, F. Syst. Veg. p. 121, in ligno Rhododendri denudato, Bethl. "2172. 2. S. runercurarum, L. vy. S., in palis ex ligno Robiniae factis non rarum Bethl. S. sparsum, in tuberculis ligneis valde elevatis, circumcirca cinerascentibus. Peritheciis tuberculis immersis aterrimis, disco rimali demum rotundo aperto. Sporidiis aut ascis majusculis profluentibus. Perithecia ex tuberculis excussa, linquente foyeola inania in tuberculo. Genus 78. ProsrHemiuM. *2173. 1. P. betulignum, Syst. Veg. p. 121, Myc. Hefte I. Kunzei p.17. Passim obyium in ramis betulinis, Bethl. Genus 79. Lapretia. Fries. Sys. Veg. p. 121, et Suppl. *2174. 1. L. scripta, F. Leptostrome, 1, p. 598, in Aceris negund. ramis Nazareth hort. "2175. 2. L. nrripa, L. y. S., rara in caulibus Polygonati, Bethl. L. maculatim aggregata; peritheciis atronitentibus superficialibus, ovatis, regularibus, e plano-con- yexis, rima centrali dehiscentibus, nec clausis et sterilibus ut solent Leptostromata. Genus 80. AcTINoTHYRIUM. *2176. 1. A. graminis, F. S. M. 597, ad culmos Caricis, Bethl. *2177. 2. A. Macnortar, L. y. S., in aversa pagina foliorum Magnoliae glaucae, Philad. A. plerumque peritheciis concentrice sitis, tamen sparsis punctiformibus e fusco-nigris, nidulantibus in - foveolis nervorum in pagina aversa, applanato-convexulis, orbiculato-scutiformibus. Priori satis affine, sed in ambitu fere integrum nec tam radiato-fibrosum. "2178. 3. A. cavzrincoza, L. y. S., passim occurrit in caulibus, praesertim Eupatorii, Bethl, Vou. IV.—3 N 250 SYNOPSIS OF A. orbiculatum, satis elevatum, nigro-fuscum, subumbonatum, epidermide tectum, Margine radianti fibrilluloso. Peritheciis sparsis sed numerosis, multo majoribus ceteris speciebus. Genus 81. LxrprosrRoma. “2179. 1. L. caricinum, F. 599, n. 3, in foliis Caricum, Bethl. *2180. 2. L. filicinum, F. 5, in stipitibus Filicum, Bethl. *2181. 3. L. vulgare, F. n. 7, in caulibus Araliae, Rubi, &c., ibid. 2182. 4. L. Acrarar, L. y. S., Syn. Car. Xylom. 264, vulgatissima in caulibus Cimicifugae ramosae (olim Actaea). Differta L. vulgari, quia semper umbonatum et saepissime stellatim confluens. Atronitet. *2183. 5. L. hysterioides, F. 8, in junioribus'stipitibus Bignoniae radicantis frigore enecatis, Bethl. 2184. 6. L. sphaerioides, F.n. 8, Syn. Car. Xyl. nitens, 262, etiam Bethl. in Vitis stipitibus. 2185. 7. L. scanprntrum, L. y. S., Syn. Car. Xyloma, 263. Vulgaris et distincta praesertim in sar- mentis Glycineos monoicae, &c. etiam Galii aparinis et Bethl. *2186. 8. L. Donacts, L. v. S.,in culmis viridibus et subviridibus Salem cultis Arundinis Donacis. L. orbiculatum, 1—2 lin. diametro, scutiforme ambitu quasi lobatum, olivaceo-nigrum, applanato-ele- vatum, centro subumbonatnm. Annon Actinothyrium? *2187. 9. L. rructiegeNna, L. y. S., in ipsa glaberrima epidermide Pomorum, maturorum, praesertim vulgo dictorum Vandeever, Bethl. L. superficie glabra, punctiforme, peritheciis plerumque concentrice aggregatis, centro depresso— superficie subrugulosa—ceterum nigris. “2188. 10. L. nuurxum, L. vy. S., in petiolis R. glabrae, Bethl. L. puncta minima, undique sparsa, atra, non nitentia per lentem ovata, subrotunda offert. Primum tectum demum denudatum, centro collapsulo, costa rimaeformis subelevata centrali. Majora elliptico-acuminata perithecia minoribus mixta. "2189. 11. L. Hyrenictr, L. v. S., frequens in caulibus Hyperici perforati, Bethl. L. minutum, primum tenerrima epidermide tectum: erumpens, demum, ac denudatum, rotundum aut elliptice acuminatum, e fusco-nigrum, absque nitore valde elevatum—subsclerotiocideum. Interdum lineare et ramosim confluens. *2190. 12. L. Asriprorum, L. v. S., forma et indole differt ab affini L. filicino—non rarum in stipitibus variorum Aspidiorum, Bethl. L. minutum, subrotundum, confluens, e fusco-nigrum nitens, parum elevatum impressum, rarissime tractu lineari, sed plerumque effiguratim confuens. Interdum simplex et punctiforme. "2191. 13. L. cergare, L. vy. S., frequens in culmis adhuc stantibus post messem, Bethl. L. primum sub epidermide tectum, qua dejecta, nudum at innatum evadit, nigro-nitens, ellipticum, sub- eleyatum utrinque acuminatum, centro late depresso. Massa quadam alba implet interiorem partem. An sit Sclerotium? Circum perithecia, epidermis tingitur nigro-fusca, efficiens maculas trilineares. *2192. 14. L. wareinatum, L. y. S., in culmis crassioribus Graminum rarius, Bethl. L. superficiale, oblongo-ovatum, sed longitudinaliter mire modo quasi effiguratum confluens—interdum maculam efficiens semiuncialem, utrinque rotundatam, atram sed non nitentem. Margine manifes- tim elevato cinctum est perithecium, superficie applanata minutim tuberculosa. Subdetergibile—et ideo non innatum. *2193. 15. L. erceum, L. y. S., rarum sed distinctissimum, in dejectis stipitibus ignotis, Bethl. L. crusta quasi nigro-picea, tenuiores caules undique circumdans, subcontinua, subindeterminatum ambitu. Huic insident perithecia ovata, oblonga, et difformiter lobata, margine subelevato, super- ficie concayiuscula, et rariter in crusta sparsa. Rarius observantur perithecia conformia extra fines crustae, *2194. 16. L. Zrzantar, L. y. S., in defossis radicibus Zizaniae—prope Philad. L. magnum, piceum, nitens, bullatim effusum. *2195. 17. L. 1xunparonom, L. y. S., in culmo caricino magno Philadelphiae in Delaware. L. effiguratim effusum, atrum, confluens, innatum, applanatum, conflatum ex multis parvis peritheciis. *2196. 18. L. aceniyum, L. y. S., in junioribus ramis Aceris Pennsylvanicae, Mauch Chunk. L. subrotundum, gregarium, immerso-innatum, ex olivaceo-nigrum, margine atriori ; applanatum, rimosum. Affine L. fructigenae, et L. Donacis. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 251 Genus 82. Sacipium. Syst. Veget. F. p. 122. *2197. 1. S. Chenopodit, F. Syst. et Kunz. Myc. Hefte II. p. 64. "2198. 2. 8. veaerans, L. y. S., in junioribus virgultis Staphyleae, frigore tactis sed non omnino ene- catis, Bethl. S. peritheciis orbiculatis et difformibus superficialibus nigris, aggregatis sed non confluentibus in maculas: centro subelevato, pseudostiolato. Superficie scutiformi rugosa. "2199. 3, S. BrenonrAg, L. v. S., in ramulis junioribus B. radicantis, frigore enecatis, Bethl. S. subepidermide tectum, punctiforme, minutissimum atrum—ostiolo prorumpente subelevato. Excuss- um, linquet foveola pallida caya in epidermide. 252 SYNOPSIS OF Cuassis Tert1ra. GASTEROMYCETES. Orvo I. ANGIOGASTRES. Tribus 1. PHALLOIDEI. Genus 83. PHALLUs. 2200. 1. P. wnpudicus, F. 1. p. 280, Syn. Car. 535, in Pennsyly. non nisi Erie County, prope Lake Erie obyius mihi. 2201. 2. P. indusiatus, F. 282, n. 1, Syn. Car. 536, non rarus Pennsyly. *2203. 3. P. duplicatus, F. n. 3, rarus, Bethl. *2004. 4. P. rubicundus, F. n. 6, Salem rarissime et New York. Genus 84. CLATHRUS. 2205. 1. C. columnatus, F. p. 288. In Georgia inyenit clarissimus Leconte ac mihi Iconem misit. 2206. 2. C. cancellatus, F. p. 288, ibidem inventus ab eodem ac Icone mihi transmissus. Nota—Mirum est nec in Carolina septentrionali nec in Pennsylvania unquam Clathrum me inyenisse tam diligenter quaesitum. Videntur Soli magis torrenti solummodo gaudere. Interea observandum est me semel inyenisse exuvias Fungi, non eruendi ob statum exsoletum, quae speciem ex hoc Tribu at non Phallum manifestim indicayerunt in regione Nazarethana, Pennsyly. Tribus 2. TuBERACEI. Genus 85. Tuser. "2207. 1. T. cibarium, F. Il. p. 289, 1. Muhlb. Catalog. nunquam ipse inyeni—sed certior factus sum ante sexaginta annos in vicinitate Nazarethorum ab antiquo venatore germano, caneque suo ad hoc olim educato, non rariter inventum esse. Genus 86. Rutzopocgon. 2208. 1. R. albus, F. p. 293, n. 1, Syn. Car. 323, nec Pennsyly. 1 2209. 2. R. virens, F. n. 3, Syn. Car. 324, et. Pennsyly. "2210. 3S. R. aestivus, F. p. 294,n. 4. In monte Pocono, Pennsyly. Tribus 3. NiIpULARIACEI. Genus 87. NrpuLartia. * Cyathus. 2211. 1. N. striata, F. p. 298, Syn. Car. 551, frequens Bethl, NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 253 2212. 2. N. campanulata, F. n. 2, Syn. Car. 552, et. Bethl. 2213. 3. N. Crucibulum, F. n. 4, Syn. Car. 533, frequens et Pennsyly. "2214. 4. N. scutellaris, ¥. n. 5, rarior ad ligna Bethl. *2215. 5. N. srercorega, L. vy. S., passim Hieme in stercore vaccino insuper rupes dejecto inyenta, Hope, New Jersey. N. obconica, subsparsa, extus strigoso-hirsuta, canescens demum denudata brunnea, margine fimbriato. Intus glabra nec plicato-striata, spadiceo-castanea subnitens, in fundo nigricans. Sporangiis atris, glabris, majusculis. Dimidio minor N. striatae cui affinis. *2216. 6. N. mezanosrenma, L. y. S., in pulyere vaporario ad vias emendendas adhibito, Bethl. primo vere. N. caespitibus densis aggregata, magnitudine N. striatae, obconica, limbo patenti, extus valde strigosa, pallida; margine integro. Intus glaberrima, atro-fusca, nitens. Sporangiis maximis, aterrimis, dif- formiter lenticularibus, glaberrimis, nitidis. Epiphragmate pallido tenuiusculo. *2217. 7. N. rnucisrenma, L. y. S., in quisquiliis dejectis rarior, Bethl. N. caespitosa aut sparsa, obconico-campanulata limbo vix patente; epiphragmate crasso, plano, albido, floccoso-strigoso. Extus strigosa, pallida aut ochracea. Intus cinereo-splendens, nullimodo pli- cato-striata, sed glabra. Sporangiis magnis atris, lenticularibus, non nitentibus, sed superficie reticulato-rugosa. Ceterum magnitudine prioris. *2218. 8. N. rascrcuzanis, L. y.S., ad radices emortuos maximi fruticis Artemisiae Absinthii in Horto, Bethl. N. fasciculatim crescens in superficie corticis radicalis e basi quadam tomentoso-strigosa, effusa. Cupulis maxime obovatis, limbo repando, subundulato, reflexo; extus badio-strigosis, basi valde con- tracta, et quasi paralleliter annulatim zonatis; intus glaberrimis nitore argenteo ac fuligineo-zonatis. Sporangiis majusculis argenteo-plumbeis. Juniore aetate cupulae sunt exacte obconicae, interdum numerosae in caespite. Epiphragmate strigoso concolore; antequam rumpitur globoso-conyexo aut cacumine subacuto. "2219. 9, N. suatanvicora, L. y. S., magna copia prorumpens ex rimis corticis duri Juglandinum, serie longitudinaliter protracta, Affinis et. N. Crucibulo. Bethl. rarior. N. turbinato-campanulata, arhiza, basi contracta, limbo repando, saepe confluens. Extus ferru- gineo-lutescens, subtomentosa, tomento basilari tenui in cortice effuso. Intus glabra, candidissima. Sporangiis crebris, candidissimis. Epiphragmate impresso, firmo, ferrugineo. In majoribus speci- minibus cupulae dense fasciculatae. ** Nidulariae. K 2220. 10. N. putyrnata, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 534, F. n. 8, solummodo Salem Carolinae. Genus 88. Aracunion, L. v. S., F. II. p. 303. 2221. 1. A. atbum, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 354, p. 33, nondum in Pennsyly. inventum. Genus 89. Myriococcum. 2222. 1. M. praecox, F. p. 304, rarius Bethl. in truncis vetustissimis. Genus 90. Potyaneium. *2223. 1. P. vitellinum, F. p. 305. Frequens in pulvere vaporario, Bethl. vere. Vou. [V.-—3 O 254 SYNOPSIS OF Tribus 4. Carposo.t. Genus 91. ATRACTOBOLUS. *2224. 1. A. ubiquitarius, F. p. 305, in variis foliis udis—nec tamen valde frequens, Bethl. *2225. 2. A..urescens, L. vy. S., in dejectis foliis betulinis rarius, Bethl. A. cupulis sessilibus, aureo-lutescentibus, nitentibus, minutissimis, copiosim sparsis, limbo tumido; operculo applanato-convexo, umbonato, subcostato, glabro, concolore. Genus 92. THELEBOLUS. 2226. 1. T. stercoreus, F. p. 307, n. 2, Syn. Car. 303, nondum in Pennsyly. inveni. Genus 93. Prrozoxts. 2227. 1. P. erystallinus, F. p. 308, n. 1, Syn. Car. 304, et valde frequens autumno in stercore, Bethl. 2228. 2. P. roridus, F. n. 2, Syn. Car.305. Rarissime obvius solummodo in Carolina, stercore equino. Genus 94. SpHAEROBOLUS. 2229. 1. S. stellatus, F. p. 309, Syn. Car. 302, et. Pennsyly. freq. *2230. 2. S. tubulosus, F. p. 310, n. 2, passim in Pennsyly. in ramis et ramulis corruptissimis variorum arborum. Fungus distinctissimus. *2231. 3. S. crustacevs, L. vy. S., satis frequens similibus locis, Bethl. S. crustae candidae, sublichenosae, pulverulentae in ramulis subefliguratim expansae immersae sunt cupulae globosae majusculae, cum cortice et crusta eleyatae, ore contracto aperto, margine albo- pulverulento non stellato, intus post sporangii ejectionem, flavyae, glabrae. Sporangio atro primum cylindrico, apice rotundato aut applanato depresso, exsiccato corneo. Multo major S. stellato, nam diametrum bilinearem attigit. "2252. 4. S. sparsus, L. y. S., in dejectis stipitibus, v. c. Hydrangeae, Stictidem referens, Bethl. S. sparsus, absque crusta, epidermide subtectus et eacum conico-eleyatus. Cupulis plano-concavis, intus pallidis, immersis. Ore rotundo, margine nigro, albo-pulverulento latiusculo. Sporangiis nigris, apice ad instar Pezizulae aut Patellariae depresso—demum ejectis. Diameter cupulae semi- linearis. *2233. 5. S. mrnurissimus, L. y. S., in fibris subsolutis Corticis dejecti Castaneorum interioris cum aliis minutissimis fungis, Bethl. rarissime. S. cupulis fere omnino liberis, minutissimis (nudo oculo fere inyisibilibus) exacte Pezizam dasyscy- pham referentibus; extus nempe cinereo-albis; villoso-strigosis, subcylindrico turbinatis, demum emittentibus sporangium globosum, subdiaphanum, cinerascens, cupulam magnitudine aequans. Primum omnino clausum, sed sporangiolo dejecto, supersunt quasi Pezizulae strigoso-pulverulentae, margine irregulariter fisso nec stellato. *2234. 6. S. Coni, L. y. S., in yetusto corio dejecto et in linteis affixis occurrit rarius—affinis S. stellato, sed minor, Bethl. . S. gregarius, ime immersus corio, tandem post ejectum sporangium fere omnino emergens: primum villo albido yelatus. Demum peridio externo in lacinias S—4 regulares fisso, revoluto stellatim, candido pulverulentus. Tum exacte refert Stictidem radiatam. Sporangio applanato, corrugato, pallido, Peridio externo persistit. , NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 255 Orvo Il. TRICHOSPERMI. Tribus 1. ScLERODERMEI. Genus 95. Exapruomycrs. Syst. Fries. Veget. p. 154. *2235. 1. E. cervinum, (Lycoperdon olim) rarissime obvium factum his regionibus Pennsylvaniae, Spr. 520. Genus 96. Urrrruiza. Bosc. S. F. V. p. 155. *2236. 2. U. Boscii, Nees. Syst. p. 159. Etiam rarissime ame in monte Pocono inventa, Sprengl. p. 416. Genus 97. ScLERODERMA. 2237. 1. S. citrinum, Sprengel, Syst. I. p. 519, Syn. Car. 346, et Mauch Chunk frequens. 2238. 2. S. spadiceum, Pers. Synopsis, satis distinctum a priori, Syn. Car. 347, et Pennsylvania. *2239. 3. S. verrucosum, Sprengel, p. 520, n. 7, in monte Pocono. 2240. 4. S. Cepa, Sprengel, 520, n. 8, Syn. Car. 348, non rarum et. in Bethl. 2241. 5. S. polyrhizon, Spr. n. 9, Syn. Car. 349, et Pennsyly. 2242. 6. S. rxcorERproipEs, L. y. S., Syn. Car, 350, Sprengel, n. 5, nondum in Pennsyly. observayi. Genus 98. Muirremyces. 2243. 1. M. rurescens, L. vy. S.,Syn. Car. 345, Sprengel, p. 518, rarius occurrit in Pennsylyania quam in Carolina, tamen passim. *2244. 2. M. cinnabarinum, Calostoma, Devaux et Brongniart, Bethl. et New York. Satis affine Mitre- myci—sed peridium externum, corneum, coccineo-cinnabarinum, primum omnino clausum, demum deciduum et revolutim fissum in lacinias. Stipite prioris. Tribus 2. LycoprerpDINEI. Genus 99. AcrinopeRMIuM. Nees. et S. Veg. F. p. 137. "2245. 1. A. Sterrebeckit, Spr. 518, n. 10. Fungus apud nos maximus Bethlehemiis. Plerumque caespitosim crescit, 3—4 individuis radicibus connexis; interdum singulorum Pteridium latitudinem plusquam semipedalem attingit. Nullimodo ad Geastra pertinet et distinctissimus est. Etiam nobis obvium sed rarissime in Carolina. Pennsylyania non rarum. Genus 100. GerAsTRUM. * Stipitata. 2246. 1. G. pectinatum, Spr. p. 518, n. 3, Syn. Car. 325. 256 SYNOPSIS OF 2247. 2. G. quadrifidum, Spr. n. 4, Syn. Car. 326, non Pennsyly. 2248. 3. G. minimum, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 327, Sprengel, n. 5, etiam non rarum in Pennsyly. ** Sessilia. 2249. 4. G. rufescens, Spr.6, Syn. Car. 328, nondum Pennsyly. 2250. 5. G. hygrometricum, Spr. 8, Syn. Car. 329, valde vulgare etiam Pennsyly. 2251. 6. G. riprittosum, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 330, Spreng. n. 9, etiam in Pennsylvania et plerumque ad truncos vetustos in terra ex cortice corrupto orta. Interdum eleganter areolatum a fibrillulis. Genus 101. Bovisra. 2252. 1. B. gigantea, Spr. p. 523,n. 1, Syn. Car. 336, Lycoperd. etrarius in Pennsyly. 2253. 2. B, canpipa, L.v. S., Syn. Car.333. Nullimodo ad priorem pertinet ut vult Sprengel, p. 524. 2254. 3. B. nigrescens, Spr. n. 2, Syn. Car. 331, et Pennsylv. 2255. 4. B. plumbea, Spr. n. 3, Syn. Car. 332, et Bethl. *2256. 5. B. cranirrormts, L. y. S., rarior, sed ubi adest copia magna, in Pomariis. Fungus inter maximos et distinctissimos, Bethl. B. stipitata; stipite obconico crasso, triunciali diametro, brevi, vix radiculoso aut saltem parum, expanso in capitulum peridiosum applanato-turbinatum latitudinem pedalem attingens, superne subdepress- um, plicato-undulatum exacte referens cranium humanum. Statu immaturo colore gaudet expallido- subcarneo. Peridio externo membranaceo, furfure minuto tecto, deciduo, plagis magnis irregula- ribus. Interno membranaceo glabro. In stipite plicae rariores observantur. Peridio interno repleto floccis densissimis adhaerentibus, Sporidiis pedicellatis floccis infixis copiosis, cum floccis lutescenti-ochraceis demum griseis. Gregatim crescit. Genus 102. Lycoprrpon. 2257. 1. L. pratense, Spr. p. 523, n. 4, Syn. Car. 338, et. Pennsylv. 2258. 2. L. umbrinum, Sp. n. 5, Syn. Car. 342, et. Pennsylv. *2259, 3. L. echinatum, Spr. n. 6, Bethl. passim. 2260. 4. L. pyriforme, Spr. n. 8, Syn. Car. 344, frequens, Bethl. 2261. 5. L. exctpuliforme, Sp. 10, Syn. Car. 339, et Beth]. 2262. 6. L. quercinum, (Spr. molle) n. 12, Syn. Car. 513, et Bethl. 2265. 7. L. maximum, Spr. n. 2, perperam L. perlatum, Syn. Car. 540, etiam Pennsylv. 2264. 8. L.areolatum, Sp. n. 3, olim L. candidum, Syn. Car. 341, frequens etiam Pennsyly. 2265. 9. L. utriforme, Persoon. Synops. Satis distinctum rarius Bethl. Genus 103. TuLosroma. 2266. 1. T. brumale, Spr. p. 524, Salem et New York. *2267. 2. T.squamulosa, non varietas prioris sed verisimiliter Rimella Rafinesque, Syst. F. Veg. p. 139. In arena yolatili juxta ripas fuminis Yadkin Carolinae. Tribus 3. PHYSAREI. Genus 104. LycoGata. 2268. 1. L. miniatum, Spr. p. 533, n. 3, Syn. Car. 353, et Pennsylv. frequens. 2269. 2. L. punctatum, Sp. n. 4, Syn, Car. 354, etiam frequenter occurrit in Pennsyly. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 257 Genus 105. Dipymium. *2270. 1. D. lobatum, Spr. p. 528, Cionium, n. 11, Torrey ex New York. 2271. 2. D. squamulosum, Sp.n. 1, Syn. Car. 363, et. Pennsylv. 2272. 3. D. difforme, Spr. Diderma, p. 526, Syn. Car. 366, et. Bethl. 2273. 4. D. testacewm, Spr. Cionium, n. 9, Syn. Car. 364, non Pennsyly. 2274. 5. D. globosum, Sp. C. n. 8, Syn. Car. 365, et. Bethl. Genus 106. PuysArum. * Stipitatae. "2275. 1. P. leucopus, Spr. p. 526, n. 1, rarius Bethl. 2276. 2. P. hyalinum, Sp. n. 2, Syn. Car. 371, et Pennsyly. 2277. 3. P. nutans, Sp. n. 3, Syn. Car. 372, etiam Pennsylv. *2978. 4. P. muscicola, Sp. n. 4, Dr Torrey misit ex New York. 2279. 5. P. squamulosum, Sp. n. 6, Syn. Car. 378, et. Bethl. 2280. 6. P. farinaceum, Sp. n. 9, Syn. Car. 380, et. Bethl. 2281. 7. P. Clavus, Sp. n. 11, Syn. Car. 381, nondum Pennsyly. 2282. 8. P. tigrinum, Sp. n. 12, Syn. Car. 379, et. Bethl. 2283. 9. P. compactum, Sp.n. 13, Syn. Car. 382, polycephalum, rarius Wilkes County, Carolinae. 2284. 10. P. columbinum, Sp. n. 14, Syn. Car. 377, nond. Pennsyly. 2285. 11. P. viride, Sp. n. 18, Syn. Car. 374, et. Bethl. 2286. 12. P. aureum, Sp. n. 20, Syn. Car. 375, et. Bethl. 2287. 13. P. aurantiacum, Sp. var. prior., Syn. Car. 376, nondum Bethl. *2288. 14. P. xanthopus, Sp. Cionium, n. 3, Bethl. in foliis dejectis Peridiis subtus umbilicatis: stipite aureo. 2289. 15. P. sulphureum, A.Sp. 93, Syn. Car. 373. Species distincta. Cur non a Sprengelio ex Synopsi Fungorum Lusatiae adoptata nescio. ** Sessilia. 2290. 16. P. contextum, Syn. Car. 367, Salem et Bethl. Spr. Diderma. 2291. 17. P. cinereum, Spr. 25, Syn. Car. 370, Carol. et New York. 2292. 18. P. confluens, Spr. 25, Syn. Car. 368, nond. Pennsyly. 2293. 19. P. bivalve, Spr. 24, Syn. Car. 369, elegans, Salem. #2294. 20. P. erecans, L. y. S., rariter inventum Salem—valde distinctum. P. peridiis majusculis aggregatis, densis, subrotundis, difformibus, convexis, superne applanatis, eleganter amethystinis, subrugosis. Sporidiis nigrofuscis, conglomeratis, floccis crassiusculis. *2295. 21. P. reticulatum, Spr. n. 26, specimina optima Salem et Bethl. *2296. 22. P. vermicurane, L. y. S., rarius in cortice, Carolina. P. minus, vermiculare, subreticulatim serpens, teres. Peridiis glabris badiis. Floccis raris. Spam diis lutescentibus. *2297. 23. P. errusum, L. y. S., longe lateque effusum in pulvere vaporario, Salem. P. peridiis longitudinaliter serpentibus reticulatis, aut omnino late effusis, candidis, fere membrana- ceis. Floccis et sporidiis crebris nigrescentibus. Peridiis valde applanatis. *2298. 24. P. nureo-yatvsE, L. y. S., in stipitibus dejectis rarius, Carolina. P. lobato-difforme, convexum, subconfluens. Peridiis extus aurantio-splendentibus, quasi compressis, bivalvibus. Sporidiis flavissimis. *2999. 25. P. arrum, L. y. S., mense Decembri in cortice rarissime, Bethl. P. sessile, oblongum aut subdifforme, aggregatum, extus nigrum aut subcinerascens; peridiis glabrius- culis sed eleganter reticulatis. Sporidiis atris, floccis raris candidis interspersis, compactioribus. Majus P. cinereo cui affine. *2300. 26. P. rorysEpRoN, L. y. S., in antiquissimis truncis Juglandinis, Bethl. P. gregarium ac subsparsum. Peridiis majusculis, nigro-fuligineis, absque splendore, subhemisphae- Vou. IV.—3 P 258 SYNOPSIS OF ricis, exacte pentagonis, lateribus nempe planis, rugosis; tandem quasi stellatim rupta parte inferiori, persistente. Tum Q74 SYNOPSIS OF C. grammica, vix autonomi fungi—et tantum ideo hic recensuntur, quia mihi non sine momento in his dijudicandis yidetur, Mycologis notum esse, quidquid horum Myceliorum aut Initiorum etiam apud Americanos occwrit. C. Rhizomorphinam, nobis—potius forsan Rhizomorpha yera, vegetabile memorabile et frequens observatum non omittendum censeo—quanquam non ad tres priores pertinet. *2546. 1. C. Phytolaccae, Lk. p. 22,n.3. Vulgatissima loco citato in Pennsylvania et Carolina, Floccis etiam saepius fuligineis, sporidiis minutissimis sed crebris. In tribus speciebus genuinis mihi notis, solum est et quantum scio sine exemplo mos crescendi. Nam non ut reliqui fungi familiae effusi sunt in planitie unica, sed tanquam sphaerice ex centro, irregulari quidem sed distinguendo, radian- tes (fere ut constructio interior Gallarum majorum Quercus se oculis ostendit); Floccis ceterum laxissimis. Ubi caulis omnino cavus et medullae ac dissepimentorum expers—magis horizontaliter aut planitiem laterum interiorum sequentes inveniuntur. *2547. 2. C. caulincola, Lk. p. 23, n. 8, Bethl. non rara in caulibus Umbellatarum, v. c. Pastinacae, &e. et Angelicae lucidae praesertim. *2548. 3. C. Matyacrarum, L. y. S., in interiori caule Malvarum majorum hortis nostris. C. Floccis atris laxis subsphaerice et reticulatim expansis in lateribus et per medullam, ramosissimis, maculas efficientibus saepe plus quam unciales. Sporidiis non raris. Colore et magnitudine a C. Phytolaccae differt. *2549. 4. C. epidermidis, Lk. n. 5, vix dubitandum ut sit merum Mycelium, an Agariculi. Frequens Bethl. *2550. 5. C. grammica, Lk. n. 6. Frequens in foliis quercinis quibusdam annis. Nil autonom, *2551. 6. C. Ratzomonpnrna, L. vy. S., an Haplotrichum Eschy. frequens observatur in Lichenibus crustuosis ramorum, y. c. in Lecideis, Lecanoris, &c. Bethl. et Salem. C. Floccis subsparsis, ramulosis, nigro-fuscis, minutissimis suberectis aut repentibus—crassiusculis, nitentibus—Oculis nudis vix perceptibilibus. Ramulis brevibus, raris. Genus 150. AtyTosporium, Lk. Non omnino clarissimi Friesii sententiae Alytosporia Mycinematibus adnumeranda, p. 312, consentire possum. Quos sub hoc genere intelligo, fungi autonomi, videlicet. *2552. 1. A. fuscum, Lk. n. 1. Colore valde vario non rarum apud nos Bethlehemis. *2553. 2. A. psittacinum, Lk. n. 4, rarius occurrit ad ramos Bethl. Minutum plerumque. *2554. 3. A. murinum, Lk. n. 5, passim in truncis Bethl. At duae reliquae species, si teneo easdem quas obseryavit, certissime non hujus loci sunt; videlicet *2555. 4. A. fulvum, Lk. n. 2, evidenter species bona generis Friesii Byssacei Hypochni, pag. 304, rarius Bethl. *2556. 5. A. croceum, Lk. n. 3, ejusmodi species. Himantia nempe sul/phurea Persoon optime eyoluta et eadem quae Syn. Car. 1364 recensita. Genus 151. CoxuerTosrorium. F. S. V. inter Byssaceos, p. 304. 1. C. umbrinum, Lk. p. 25, n. 1, sub cortice putrido, Bethl. 2. C. atrum, Lk. n. 2, @ purpurascens, densim inyestiens ramos truncosque Smilacis rotundi- folii, Bethl. Vix specie distinguenda ob colorem atropurpurascentem ab atro. Genus 152. Coccorricuum. Vide F. 8. V. p. 365. *2559. 1. C. Marrrt, Lk. n. 1, apud nos in trunci interiori latere, super excrementa insectarum con- glutinata effusum. *2560. 2. C. enubescens, L. v. S., Salem in dejectis asseribus putridis observatum, prioris congener. C. Thallo sublimitato, effuso, confluente ex caespitulis numerosis subglobosis floccorum, griseo rubes- centibus. Sporidiis concoloribus, adeo magnis, creberrimis. Interdum occupat plagas semipedales et ultra. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. Q75 Genus 153. Racopium. F. S. V. p. 304, Byssaceum. "2561. 1. R. cellare, Lk. n. 1, in doliis cellarum in taberna, Bethl. Genus 154. AcroTHAMNIUM. #2562. 1. A. violaceum, Lk. p. 27,n. 1, elegantissimum ac contra Friesium manifestim autonomon, Nostrum nullimodo inter muscos crescit—sed magna copia inyentum ubi via sylvatica noyissima, per latera collium excayata, multos radiculos arborum vicinitatis subdenudavit, in his, Genus 155. TricnoTuecium. S. V. F. p. 185. 2563. 1. T. roseum, Lk. p. 28, n. 1, Syn. Car..Trichoderma roseum n. 517. Vulgaris in plantis et in ramulis. Praesertim Robiniae et Bethl. Genus 156. Srpeponium. S. V. F. p. 185. 2564. 1. S. mycophilum, Lk. p. 29, n. 1, Syn. Car. 515, vulgaris in Boletis etiam Pennsylvania. Genus 157. Mycogong. S. V. F. p. 178. "2565. 1. M. rosea, Lk. p. 29, n. 1, in Polyporis vetustis praesertim in P. sulphureo, Bethl. *2566. 2. M. cervina, Lk. n. 2. Lectum ingenti copia sed rarissime in Peziza suffocata, Bethl. N. B. Non displicet sententia Friesii mycogones suis Acremoniis potius adnumerare. Genus 158. Fusisporium. S. V. F. p. 186. *2567. 1. F. aurantiacum, Lk. p.30,n.1. In Zeae caulibus ac spicis, Bethl. 1 *2568. 2. F. rosewm, Lk.n,2. In capsulis Sidae abutilon et in foliis glumaceis Zeae, Bethl. 3 *2569. 3. F. candidum, Lk. n. 3, apud nos in foliis dejectis, Beth]. "2570. 4. F. Lacenantaz, L.y. S. Verrucas exsoletorum Cucurbitarum lagenariae albo-inyestiens, Bethl. F. thallo satis crasso e filis contexto ramosis, candidis, aqua diffluentibus, immixtis sporidiis inseptatis cylindricis, minutis. Genus 159. Menispora. (Macrosporium, F. p. 182.) *2571. 1. M. glauca, Lk. p. 31, interiori paginae corticis deject. Bethl. Genus 160. Gonyrricuum. (F.S. V. p. 306, Byssaceum.) "2572. 1. G. caesium, Lk. p. 32, ad frustula corticis Vitis, Bethl. Genus 161. Eprocunium. F.S. V. p. 186. *2573. 1. E. monilioides, Lk. p. 32. Apud nos Bethl. ad uvas cultas passim occurrit. 276 SYNOPSIS OF ; Genus 162. Hetxicorricuum. F.S. V. p. 305, Byssaceum. #2574. 1. H. pulvinatum, Link. p. 33. Fungus noster bene quidem conyeniens, ad caules stipitesque putrescentes occurrit, nec hucusque in ligno. An nova species. Pulvinulis crebris confluentibus colore pulchro caesio. Historia ceterum omnino eadem, vide Lk. p. 33. Genus 163. Bacrripium. F. S. V. p. 180. *2575. 1. B. flavum, Lk. p. 34, n. 1, frequens in lignis putridis praesertim salicis, Beth]. *2576. 2. B. carneum, Lk. n. 3. Multo rarius Bethl. *2577. 3. B. errusum, L. y. S., rarius in caulibus putridis plantarum, Bethl. B. nigrofuscum, floccis frequentibus, subramosis, septatis, hyalinis. Sporidiis e globoso utrinque acu- tiusculis, subdifformibus, zona media intus materia grumosa repleta. Caespitibus elongato-conflu- entibus, demum induratis effusum. Genus 164. Scoricorricuum. F.S. V. p. 182. *2578. 1. S. virescens, Lk. p. 35, ramulos ignotos investiens rarum, Bethl. *2579. 2. S. canpipum, L. vy. S., efusum super folia dejecta inter quisquilias corruptas, Bethl. S. Thallo indeterminatim effuso, latissimo contexto ex floccis crispis vermiformibus, intricatis quidem, sed non ramosis, subnudis, satis crassis diaphanis inseptatis. Sporidia septata alba subdiaphana. Genus 165. Currcinorricnum. F.S. V. p. 182. *2580. 1. C. canpipum, L. v. S., in ligno deorbato putrido pineo, Salem. C. thallo tenuissimo effuso, exacte congruo descriptione Linkii pagina 35—nisi colore. Floccis enim candidissimis, et nitoris expertibus. Nudo oculo lignum yidetur farina adspersum. Genus 166. Myxorricuum. F.S. V. p. 304, Byssaceum. #9581. 1. M. chartarum, Lk. p. 36, n. 1. Nonrarum in chartis muris tabernarum diu loco humido adglutinatis, ut solent in usum publici. Series IJ. (Byssacet.). Etiam in hac serie commixtos habemus fungos Friesiani Coniomycetes, Byssaceis ejusdem. Genus 167. Actapium. F. S. V.p. 306, Byssaceum. *2582. 1. A. conspersum, Lk. p. 37, n. 1, frequens ad truncos, Bethl. *2583. 2. A. microspermum, Lk. n, 2, in ramis putridis ibidem. "2584. 3. A. preNsissimum, L. y. S., ad truncos et asseres putridos, Bethl, rarum. A. caespitulis densissimis uncialibus, effuso-pulvinatis griseo-canescentibus. Floccis persistentibus et sporidiis majusculis concoloribus. Genus 168. CuLoripium. F.S. V. p. 181. *2585. 1. C. viride, Lk. p. 38, n. 1, in lignis putridis Bethl. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. Q77 “2586. 2. C. griseum, Lk. n. 2, distinctissimum frequentius in cortice putrido, Bethl. *2587. 3. C. cannipissimum, L. v. S., ad ligna putrida Bethl. Fere omnino evanescens. C. thallo omnium tenuissimo, floccis candidissimis sporidiis difformibus minutissimis. Fugax. Genus 169. Craposrortum. F. S$. V. Dematium, p. 188, quoad speciem unicam— cetera ad Byssaceas. Nota.—Suspicor Friesium clarissimum non autoptim plurimas species vidisse. Nam plurimae eviden- ter congenerae C. herbarii, et tamen specifice distinctae sunt—et mihi videtur Genus ut omnium familiae feracissimum sic etiam optime distinctum et definitum; typo C. herbarum. 2588. 1. C. herbarum, Lk. p. 39, n. 1, ubique terrarum in plantis herbaceis, et in fungis, Syn. Car. 1341. "2589. 2. C. solutum, Lk. n. 2, nobis frequenter obvium in caulibus Fuphorbiae marginatae et Ricini. Colore juniore vivido, demum fusco, Bethl. *2590. 3. C. atrum, Lk. n. 3, in caulibus firmioribus v. c. Brassicae vetustissimae, Beth. "2591. 4. C. polysporum, Lk. un. 4, in ramis salicinis non rarum, Bethl. "2592. 5. C. fuscum, Lk. n. 35, in majoribus caulibus, ibid. "2593. 6. C. Fumago,Lk.n. 6. Pauloabnorme. A me passim observatum in Carolina et Pennsyly. Quando obvium folia totius fruticis aut plantae in quibus effusum fere omnino occupat. Exsoletum est Fumago Persooni. Plerumque infestit plantas in vicinitate stagni sylvatici crescentes. Syn. Car. D. Fuligo, n. 1331. ’ 7 *2594. 7. C. tenerrimum, Lk. n. 6, abnorme; non rarum et distinctissimum in cortice, Bethl. *2595. 8. C. fuscatum, Lk. b.n. 1, passim ad caules, Bethl. *2596. 9. C. gruwmosum, Lk. b. n. 2, solummodo in stipitibus Pteridis aquilinae, Bethl. 2597. 10. C. epiphyllum, Lk. b. n. 3, Syn. Car. 1327, vulgare et in Pennsyly. "2598. 11. C. graminum, Lk. b. n. 4, vulgatissima Bethl. in foliis graminum. "2599. 12. C. macunans, L. y. S., subtectum subepidermide Jasmini fruticantis in Horto, Bethl. C. primum tectum epidermide, efficiens maculas majusculas, expallentes subelevatas; demum pro- rumpens acervulis minutis rotundis aut elongatis confluentibus epidermide fisso cinctis. Floccis minutissimis cum sporidiis fusco-olivaceis. Acervulis plerumque in maculis concentrice disp ositis antequam confluunt. *2600. 13. C. Bienonrar, L. y. S., frequens in leguminibus Bign. radicantis ac Catalpae, Carolina et Pennsyly. C. aceryulis sparsis, minutis, frequentibus, sphaeriaeformibus, nigro-olivaceis. Floccis breviusculis cum sporidiis concoloribus. "2601. 14. C, rieNarize, L. v. S., passim in ligno putrido, Bethl. C. late effusum, ad 2—3 uncias, tenue. Floccis densis nudo oculo vix discretis, brevissimis, ramosis, cum sporidiis atro-aeruginosis, demum fuscis, aut fusco-purpurascentibus. "2602. 15. C.sranrsum, L. y. S., in scapis Allii Cepae et aliorum, Bethl. C. sparsum in acervulis minutissimis badio-fuscis per maculas expallentes latas scapi. Floccis crassi- usculis rarioribus acervulos efficientibus, subdivergentibus; sporidiis subglobosis concoloribus crebris inspersis. : *2605. 16. C. Tyruar, L. y. S., rarius observatum in foliis exsoletis Typhae, Bethl. C. Ploccis vix in acervulos aggregatis, sed sparsis, interdum et in ambitu fere simplicibus—plerumque autem approximatis, ita ut e longinquo maculam minutam efficiunt, nigro-fuscescentibus. Sporidiis _— majusculis inspersis concoloribus. *2604. 17. C. Inimicora, L. vy. S., in foliis exsoletis Iridis virginicae, Bethl. C. minutissimum, sparsum, aceryulis nempe non confluentibus, quanquam e longinquo maculam sis- tunt latiusculam ob approximationem. Floccis brevibus, cum sporidiis, fusco-nigris. Acervulis floccorum exsoletis, quasi sphaeriaemorphibus. *2605. 18. C. vircurrorum, L. y. S., passim in ramulis, virgultisve tenerioribus semivirentibus, Bethl. C. late effusum, confusum et acervulis non discretis, ambiens ramulos quasi tomento crustuoso, nigro. Floccis demum vix distinguendis—sporidiis inspersis autem majusculis, globosiusculis, copiosis, et atro-inquinantibus. *2606. 19. C. simprex, L. y. S., in foliis dejectis fraxineis rarum, Bethl. C. floccis simplicibus, nigris, fere omnino septatis, ceterum in ayersa pagina tam approximatis, ut Vou LV—— so , e« 278 SYNOPSIS OF sistent maculam parvam, tenuissimam. Ceterum erectis, minutissimis. Sporidiis adhaerentibus, satis crebris, et ad basin floccorum hinc inde dispersis, concoloribus. *2607. 20. C. epispHarnta, L. y. S., satis frequens insuper varias Sphaerias corruptas, Bethl. C. fugacissimum, ita ut statu sicciore omnino evanuit. Descriptione perdita quam in recentiori feci tamen pro futuro examine loco nominandum censui. Genus 170. Poposporium, L. v. S., Novum Genus. Floccis rigidis crassis, basi incrassatis, apice obtusis undique Sporidiis majusculis pedicellatis obsitis, ceterum ramosis aut simplicibus. 2608. 1, P. nrerpum, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. (Demat. crucigerae) 1325, pasim occurrit ramos aut sarmenta Rhois radicantis circum circa (more Helminthosporii velutini) investiens, plerumque copia magna et plusquam % unciae elongatis floccis. Frequens etiam Bethl. P. Floccis rigidissimis simplicibus erectis distantibus aterrimis, subfragilibus, opacis, saepe longitudine sex-unciali et ultra occupantibus ramos. Sporidiis ovato-elongatis aut subcylindricis, pedicellis di- varicatis, brevioribus aut longioribus, et tum filiformibus. “2609. 2. P. euanvicora, L. y. S., in cupulis glandium aut interdum in glandibus ipsis semiputridis ad terram dejectis, Bethl. P. subfasciculatum, brevissimum, atrum; dense aggregatis floccis rigidis, ramosis, brevissimis (i. e. quando priori comparantur) Aterrimum. Sporidiis pro ratione magnis, pedicellatis, sed non divyari- catim insertis. Fasciculus minutus—quasi versus basin incrassatus apparet. Genus 171. Orpremium. F. S. V. p. 306, Byssaceum! "2610. 1. O. atrum, Lk. p. 42, n. 1, in arborum cortice, Bethl. Genus 172. Potyrurincium. F. S. V. p. 188. "2611. 1. P. Trifolii, Lk. p. 43. Rarissime sed distinctissimum in foliis Trifolii repentis, Bethl. Genus 173. Arrurinium. F. S. V. p. 187, cum proximis. *2612. 1. A. caricicola, Lk. p. 43, in Carice quaedam monticola rarius prope Nazareth inyentum. Genus 174. Camproum. F. S. V. p. 187, vide p. 365. SS] n rs oo 1. C. curvatum, Lk. p. 44, in culmis Scirpi lacustri, Bethl. Genus 175. GontosrporumM, ut supra. “2614, 1. G. puceinoides, Lk. p. 45, rarius in foliis Caricis crinitae, Bethl. Genus 176. SproropHLevM, ut supra. “2615. 1. S. gramineum, Lk. p. 45, solummodo obyium in foliis Zizaniae in Delaware prope Philad. Genus 177. Conortea. F. S. V. p. 187. *2616. 1. C. htspidula, Lk. p. 46, mihi obyium in Panicis rarius, de Horto Bartrami Philad. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 279 Genus 178. Coxrtosporrum. F. S. V. ad proximum. *2617. 1. C. fruticulosum, Lk. p. 46, non rarum in exsoletis foliis gramineis, Bethl. Nota.—Gratissimum mihi fuit, fere omnia haec genera Cl. Linki, gaudentia tam distinctis characteri- bus, quanquam plerumque minutissima, etiam in nostris regionibus invenire. Quis talia observans, possit adhuc suspicari, naturam in his organismis microscopicis; mere pro lubitu sibi lusum indefinitum yagum- que permisisse—nec esse ullam fidem ac stabilitatem ineorum diagnosi. Ludit sane methodice, quum iisdem formis tam determinatis gaudet, cis et transatlantice. Genus 179. Hexmryruosrorium. F. S, V. p. 305, Byssaceum. 2618. i. H. velutinum, Lk. p. 47,n. 1, Syn. Car. 1324, (D. ciliare) vulgatum in ramulis Carolinae et Pennsyly. *2619. 2. H. subulatum, Lk. n. 2, Bethl. in ramis. *2620. 3. H. minus, Lk. n. 3, rarius in ramis, Bethl. *2621. 4. H. nanum, Lk. n. 4, in ligno putrido, ibid. *2622. 5. H. pellucidum, Lk. n. 5, non rarum in ramis, ibid. *2623. 6. H. simplex, Lk. n. 6, in ligno salicino, Bethl. *2624. 7. H. tenuissimum, Lk. n. 7, in caulibus plantarum y. c. in exsoletis Aquilegiae hortorum, Naz. 2625. 8. H. rascicutarum, L.v. S., Syn. Car. 1326, (Demat. castaneae) frequens in vyariis foliis, Salem et Bethl. Hi. fasciculis minutis gregatim propullantibus ex epidermide subfissa et subeleyata, saepe collectis in maculam plus minus effusam. Floccis nigris simplicibus, plus minusye divergentibus, articulatim septis. Sporidiis crebris concoloribus. *2626. 9. H. punium, L. v.S., ex ramis propullans; affine priori, sed vix fasciculatum, Bethl. H. floccis aggregatis, sed non in fasciculis, nigris aut nigro-subfuscescentibus, flexuosis, filiformibus, longiusculis articulatim septatis. Sporidiis minutis adhaerentibus. "2627. 10. H. conricate, L. v. S., satis frequens in cortice glabrato ramorum Platani occidentalis, Salem et Bethl. H. fasciculatum, propullans ex cortice. Floccis nigris, erectis vix ramosis, basi coalitis, apicem versus conniventibus, rigidis, ita ut fasciculus subconicus evadit. Sporidiis rarioribus, brevissimis, saepe extus griscescentibus. *2628. 11. H. yrreurrorum, L. y. S., sub epidermide ramulorum Mori frigore emortuorum—demum denudatum, Bethl. H. floccis aggregutis in maculam nigrescentem semiuncialem primum subepidermide, demum nudum; ceterum brevissimis tenerrimis fuscis, ramosis. Sporidiis concoloribus inspersis. "2629. 12. H. crustuosum, L. vy. S., longissime effusum, crustam teneram nigram in Catalpae ramis junioribus, Bethl. H. floccis breyissimis simplicibus erectis nigris, tam densim aggregatis, ut videntur sistere crustam pedalem, in qua vix distinguuntur flocci, statu sicciori. Sporidia minutissima cum floccis confusa. *2630. 13. H. uersarum, L. v.S., pulchrum, in caulibus Euphorbiae marginatae, Bethl. Dothideas, Sphaeriasque his incolas—obtegens. H. subeffusum aut subpulvinatum. Floccis brevissimis basi intumescentibus, brunneis aut fuscis, mi- nutis, densissime stipatis, pellucidis sub lente et septatis. Sporidiis inspersis. *2631. 14. H. Sonent, L. v. S., frequens in foliis putridis Sorghi culti Litiy. H. pulvinulis minutis (linearibus) oblongis, crebris aterrimis, confluentibus. Floccis atris, rigidis erectis, densis, simplicibus, subacuminatis, articulatim septatis, Sporidiis concoloribus inspersis. *2632. 15. H. Brassicona, L. v. S., in foliis Brassicae cellis asservatae, circum neryum centralem prae- sertim erumpens. Affine fenwissimo. H. plagis irregularibus, nigro-fuligineis longe lateque effusis. Floccis longiusculis, junioribus erectis, ramosissimis hyalinis. Sporidiis oblongis multiseptatis, saepe incurvis, et pseudo pedicello interdum suffultis, ceterum frequenter clayatis, longitudine fere floccorum. Sporidiis effusis caulem inquinat, *2633. 16. H.cornicuxnarum, L. y. S., abnorme. E rimis corticis quercini recenter caesi rarius pro- pullans, Bethl. 280 SYNOPSIS OF H. giganteum; aterrimum cum nitore quodam cinerascente; corniculatim ramosum versus apicem ramis divaricatis brevibus. Floccis crassis, fragillimis, densissime intricatis, longitudine unciali, pulvinulum efficientibus 2—3 uncialem, effusum longitudinaliter in rimis. Sporidiis rarioribus et tantum in perfectissimis, apice incrassatis. Genus 180. HeticosporiuM. ~2634, 1. H. vegetum, Lk. p. 51, ligno putrescente inventum, Beth. Series III. (Muceprnzs.). Genus 181. Hartorricuum. F.S. V. p. 184. “2635. 1. H. capitatwm, Lk. p. 52, in truncis Bethl. *2636. 2. H. vrrescens, L. y. S., in cortice putrido ramorum, Bethl. H. floccis effusis intricatis, ramosis, septatis, persistentibus fuscescentibus, sporidiferis erectis. Spori- foria oyalia ex sporidiis virescentibus. *2637. 3S. H. suprutyrxatum, L. v. S., in truncis putridis cortice insidet, Bethl. H. subpulvinatim aggregatum et interdum effusum. Floccis densis, divergentibus ramosulis, griseo- canescentibus intricatis, sporidiferis erectis. Sporidiismajusculis ovatis concoloribus, apice collectis. Genus 182. Haprarta. F.S. V. p. 184. *2638. 1. H. grisea, Lk. p. 52. Optime quadrans—sed loco alieno. Apud nos solummodo in cor- tice inventa. Genus 183. Borryris. F.S. V. p. 184. 1.* Albae. 2639. 1. B. ramulosa, Lk. p. 53, n. 1, Syn. Car. 1506, diffusa, in putridis plantis et in lignis. In his minus fugax. *2640. 2. B. geotricha, Lk. n. 3, vulgaris in terra, locis stagnorum sylvaticorum exsiccatis, Bethl. 2641. 3. B. epigaea, Lk. n. 2, in sylvisad vias et declivitates. Est quod nobis olim Trichoderma tuber- culatum audit. Syn. Car. 525, et. Bethl. *2642. 4. B. elegans, Lk. n. 4, Nobis et in ligno obvia et tum asservabilis, Bethl. *2643. 3. B. densa, Lk. n. 5, etiam in fungis, Bethl. 2644. 6. B. agaricina, Lk. n. 6, frequens praesertim in Polyporis. Syn. Car. ramosa, 1308. *2645. 7. B. epiphylla, Lk. n.7, satis frequenter observata in foliis Geranii maculati et caroliniani, Bethl. *2646. 6&8. B. peruicura, L. v. S., ad lignum vetustum, Bethl. 8. Thallo effuso, densissime intertexto, candidissimo, sistente pellem delicatum tenuissimum detracti- bilem. Floccis sporidiferis creberrimis erectis et decumbentibus, onustis caterva densa sporidiorum candidissimorum globosorum. Floccis ceterum eleganter ramosis. Sporidiis faciliter concussione ayolantibus. 2.* Virentes aut olivaceae. *2647. 9. B. olivacea, Lk. n. 7, in truncis putridis, Bethl. *2648. 10. B. pulvinata, Lk. n. 8, in fungis vulgaris, ibid. *2649. 11. B. polyspora, Lk. n. 9, in dejectis ramis, ibid. *2650, 12. B. cinereovirens, Lk. p. 56, in ligno putrido, ibid. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 281 "2651. 13. B. lignifraga, Lk. n. 10, Bethl. rarius. "2652. 14. B. axa, L.v. S., species elegantissima circum radices putrescentes fruticis Rhododendri emortui dejecti, Bethl. B. late effusa, passim subpulvinata, laxissime cohaerens. Floccis ramosis, ramis et ramificationibus divaricatis. Sporidiis globulosis. Fungus persistens ac asservabilis gaudet colore eleganter lutes- cente cervino, floccis nempe et sporidiis concoloribus. 9 3.* Roseae. *9653. 15. B. rosea, Lk. n. 11, in ramis Platani, Bethl. *2654. 16. B. macrospora, Lk. n. 12, in scobe lignea et in cortice, Bethl. et Salem. *2655. 17. B.variosperma, Lk. n. 15, affinis priori, apud nos in cortice plerumque, Bethl. *2656. 18. B. caverirra, L..v. S., plagis latissimis effusa in caule antiquo Brassicae, Bethl. B. Thallo crassiusculo effuso. Floccis ramosissimis, lateritiis, primum albidis: sporidiferis erectis intricatis. Sporidiis copiosissimis, eleganter lateritiis. Piagas efficit biunciales, subpulvinatim applanatis. . "2657. 19. B. vurcurrrima, L. v. S., plagis unciam latis, 6 uncias longis in cortice confluentibus, Bethl. B. Thallo densim intertexto, crassiusculo, decumbente, persistente, ime roseo. Floccis sporidiferis, fasciculatim in thallo erectis, ramosissimis, candidis, onustis sporidiis ovato-globosis candidissimis. *2658. 20. B. rreacrna, L. y. S., in ramis Pini canadensis subcorruptis, Mauch Chunk. B. Thallo effuso, vix pulvinato. Floccis breviusculis intricatis ramosis, sporidiferis suberectis, lilacinis. Sporidiis ovatis crebris, paulo purpurioribus. 4.* Flavicantes. *2659. 21. B. fulva, Lk. n. 15, ad frustulas ligni inter pulverem vaporarium. Bethl. et ad truncos. *2660. 22. B. allochroa, Lk. n. 16, in herbis dejectis, Bethl. *2661. 23. B. reucoxantua, L. y. S., passim in cortice, Bethl. B. Thallo effuso tomentoso. Floccis luteo-flavescentibus crassiusculis, intricatis, ramosis, articulatim septatis. Sporidiferis erectis; sporidiis majusculis, globosis, candicis, densim in ramis aggregatis, subfugacibus. 5.* Aurantiacae. #2662. 24. B. aurantiaca, Lk. n. 17, frequens in truncis putridis: rubro-aurantiaca. An Oidium fulyam sit status junior? 6.* Griseae. *2663. 25. B. cana, Lk. p. 59, n. 18, in foliis marcidis, Bethl. "2664. 26. B. polyactis, Lk. n. 19, frequens in caulibus, Bethl. *2665. 27. B. leucospora, Lk. n. 23, nobis in fungis, Bethl. 2666. 28. B. cinerea, Lk. n. 21, Syn. Car. 1307. In Pennsylvania nobis innotuit insuper Sclerotium durum in Euphorbiae marginatae caulibus putridis. *2667. 29. B. bicolor, Lk. n. 24, in iisdem et aliis caulibus reperta, Bethl. "2668. 30. B. mrnvruna, L. y. S., in antiquissimis truncis Betulae nigrae, Bethl. B. minoris voluminis species. Thallo e pulvinulis parvis subrotundis, confluentibus, lineam longis, parum eleyatis ex albo-cinerascentibus conflato. Floccis tortis inyalidis ramosis. Sporidiis crebris candidis. 7." Nigrae. *2669. 31. B. nigra, Lk. n. 25, Virgaria, Nees, In ramis dejectis rarior, Bethl. Genus 184. Potyactis. F.S. V. p. 184, sub Botrytide. *2670. 1. P. quadrifida, Lk. p. 62,n.1. In receptaculis aut seminibus Compositarum, Bethl. *2671. 2. P. simplex, Lk. n. 3, eyanescens, Bethl. in receptaculis putridis Helianthi annui. "2672. 3. P. enrisea, L. y. S.,in leguminibus Catalpae et Bignoniae, Bethl. WoreglV.=— av 282 SYNOPSIS OF P. floccis sporidiferis sparsis, griseis, simplicibus, evanescentibus. Sporidiis concoloribus, oyato- cylindricis apice floccorum irregulariter umbellatim collectis, sed etiam in trunco flocci adhaerentibus. Genus 185. Asprereitius. F.S. V. p. 183. *2673. 1. A. candidus, Lk. p. 65, n. 1, frequens in fungis, Bethl. *2674. 2. A. mycobanche, Lk. n.2. In Pezizis majoribus, ibid. *2675. §. A. ovalispermus, Lk.n. 3. In prunorum fructubus, ibid. 2676. 4. A. glaucus, Lk. n. 6, Syn. Car. 1314, Monilia vulgaris et in Pennsylv. 2677. 5. A. roseus, Lk. n. 8, Syn. Car. 1316, cellis, &c. et. Bethl. *2678. 6. A. laneus, Lk.n. 5, in carioso Salice, ibid. - *2679. 7. A. griseus, Lk. n. 10, in fungis putridis, ibid. *2680. 8. A. purpUREoFUscUS, L. v. S., species distinctissima. In caulibus putridis Brassicae rarius occurrit, Bethl. _ A. Hyphasmate longe lateque effuso, tenue. Floccis sporidiferis ramosis et erectis, aut etiam simpli- cibus, septatis purpureo-fuscis. Sporidiis creberrimis, concoloribus, demum canescentibus, majus- culis. Elegans ac persistens. “2681. 9. A. virens, Lk. n. 7,in ramis dejectis in montibus Lehigh mihi obvius. Vix specifice distinc- tus. Floccis tamen aeque ac sporidiis demum aeruginoso-yiridibus, quanquam primo et subtus albescunt. Genus 186. Prniciztum. _F.S. V. p. 182. *2682. 1. P. candidum, Lk. p. 69, n. 1, in fungis frequens, Bethl. *2683. 2. P. roseum, Lk. n. 2, in caulibus plantarum, Bethl. 2684. 3. P. glaucum, Lk. n. 3, Syn. Car. 1319, Monilia digitata vulgatum et Pennsyly. "2685. 4. P. sparsum, Lk.n. 4. In foliis gramineis, Bethl. Genus 187. Coremium. F.S. V. p. 182. *2686. C. glaucum, Lk. p. 71, n. 1, in Involucris corruptis Castanearum, Bethl. 1. *2687. 2. C. candidum, Lk. n. 2, in corruptis stipitibus, Bethl. *2688. 3. C. citrinum, Lk. n. 3, rarius in lignis et mucerdis, ibid. *2689. 4. C. coccrneum, L. vy. S., insuper lignum cariosum effusum ex Georgia, Torrey misit. C. caespitibus longe lateque effusis, confluentibus, compositis ex fasciculis floccorum, laete coccineis, basi unitis in pedicellum communem, apice penicillatim divergentibus. Sporidiis densis concoloribus. *2690. 5. C. rrayoyrnrens, L. y. S., frequens obseryatum in foliis dejectis udis, Bethl. C. substipitatum, laxum. Fasciculis sparsis parvis subglobosis, floccis parum divergentibus, cum spo- ridiis ex flavo virentibus. *2691. 6. C. susicuLatum, L. v. S., in cortice dejecto rarius, sed distinctissimum, Bethl. C. thallo subiculato, tenui, denso, effuso, ex quo densim assurgunt fasciculi, sparsi floccorum coalitorum in firmum pedicellum, apice capitellato-penicillatorum, colore incarnato-cinerascente. Pedicellus subcylindricus rubescit. Capitulum globosum penicillatum-pedicellum magnitudine excellit. Spori- diis concoloribus. Persistens. *2692. 7. C. rracartasrrum, L. y. S., frequens in foliis emarcidis Fragariae cultae in Hortis, Bethl. Amphigenum. C. fasciculis crebris, amphigenis, aterrimis, concentrice quasi in maculam aggregatis. Basi floccis ex quibus fasciculi contexti, coalitis, rigidiusculis; apice parum penicillatim divergentibus. Sporidiis cinerascentibus. Minutissimum et vigens praesertim in foliorum ayersa pagina. *2693. 8. C. concentnicum, L. y. S., Dematium Penicillus, Syn. Car. 1330. In pagina aversa Lauri aestivalis foliorum, Salem et Bethl. C. in maculis cinereo-nigrescentibus foliorum semiyivorum, concentrice proveniunt fasciculi floccorum nigrorum, basi coalitorum et quasi pseudo-bulbum efficientium. Apice penicillatim ut in priori diyergunt sed multo minus eleyati sunt fasciculi. Sporidiis ceterum nigris satis frequentibus, NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 283 *2694. 9. C. rimerartum, L. vy. S., in fimo vaccino inyentum, Bethl. C. caespitibus minutis sparsis, floccis thalloideis yersus basin coalitis subrufescentibus. Sporidiferis capituli, candidis cum sporidiis. Demum subevanescentibus, Genus 188. Camprsorricuum. F. S. V. p. 181. Ad hoc genus placet sequentem fungum pulcherrimum referre, ob characteres—quanquam colore abhorret. "2695. 1. C. setenpipum, L. y. S., rarissime ad putridissimos cortices occurrit, Bethl. Optime per- sistens, ac colorem servans. C. sparsum, sed gregarie occurrens, tam minutum ut difficiliter observatur nisi lentis opere. Stipite rufo-aurantiaco, sine dubio ex coalitis floccis, ad dimidiam altitudinem totius fungi elevato; tum divaricatim diviso-ramoso in flocculos pellucidos manifestim septatos aurantiacos abiente, Sporidiis globosis concoloribus pulcherrime decoratos. SeriesIV. (AcremoNm.). Genus 189. Acremonium. S. F. V. p. 177. *2696, 1, A. verticillatum, LK. p. 74, n. 1, passim in truncis, Bethl. "2697. 2. A. fuscwm, Lk. n. 3, in ramulis putridis Lauri Sassafras, Bethl. ocbyium. "2698. 3. A.nitidum,Lk.n.4. In Sphaeria deusta exsoleta, Bethl. Demum fuscescit. "2699. 4, A. nicrosrenmum, L. y. S., in ligno vetusto rarius inventum, Bethl. A. thallo tenuissimo effuso, floccis albo-griseis intricatis ramosis. Sporidiis nigrescentibus pellucidis, crebre innatis, sed non verticillatis. Genus 190. Verricityium. F. S, V. p. 178. *2700. 1. V. ¢enerum, Lk. n. 1, in variis caulibus, Bethl. "2701. 2. V. capitatum, Lk.n. 2. Non rarum in truncis, ibid. Genus191. Dacryiium. F. 5S. V. p. 366, Suppl. *2702. 1. D. candidum, Lk. p. 77, n. 1, passim in truncis, Bethl. *2703. 2. D. nigrum, Lk. n. 2, in "2704. 3. D. cramrnum, L. v. S., in foliis Leersiae oryzoid., Bethl. D. Floccis sparsis simplicibus griseis erectis. Sporidiis 3—4 digitatis concoloribus. “2705. 4. D. mrexanorvs, L. y. S., in scapis Allii Cepae, Bethl. D. Floccis sparsis quidem sed densis, crassiusculis, nigro-fuligineis articulatim septatis, apice coronatis, sporidiis cinereo-fuligineis. Basi saepe bulboso-incrassata nigriori cetero flocco. “2706. 5. D. crusracrvm, L. y. S., plagis ingentissimis saepe obtegit culmos giganteos Arundinariae ex Carolina australi ad usum piscatorum in foro venditioni expositae. D. subcrustaceum tandem deyenit, primum floccis erectis, discretis, fragilibus consistit dense aggre- gatis, apice 3—4 sporidiferis, ceterum nigrescentibus. Sporidiis concoloribus opacis deciduis. Genus 192. Sracuyzivium. F.S. V. p. 178. *2707. 1. S. bicolor, Lk. p. 78, n. 2, in caulibus exsiccatis, Bethl. *2708. 2. S.nosrum, L.y. S., in foliis caulibusque, plantarum male exsiccatarum in Herbariis y. c. Solidaginis rigidae, Bethl. 284 SYNOPSIS OF §. Hyphasmate caespitosim aggregato, saepe confluente caespitulis minutis rotundis, roseo-incar- natis, compositis ex floccis septatis ramosis. Sporidiis lateralibus crebris amcene roseis. “9709. 3. S. FuLtyum, L.y. S., in caulibus putridissimis Brassicae, Bethl. s. hyphasmate tenue fulvo. Floccis erectis rigidiusculis concoloribus, sporidiferis. Sporidiis verticil- latis fulvis, demum decolorantibus. *2710. 4. S. norescens, L. y. S., terrestre, locis obvium ubi copia ramorum putrescentium accumulata, Bethl. S. hyphasmate magno expanso orbiculato, ambitu albo. Floccis sporidiferis decumbentibus, ramosissi- mis lutescentibus, grosse articulato-septatis cum sporidiis ovalibus verticillatis luteis. Genus 193. SponpyLocLapium. *2711. 1. S. fumosum, Lk. p. 78, in lignis, Bethl. Etiam passim tenuius omnibus partibus in herbis lignatilibus, v. c. Artemisia absynthium. Series V. (Mucorint.). In hac serie cogemur sequi Friesii dispositionem in Systemate Orbis Vegetabilis, tribus nempe I. et Il. Ordinis ejus secundi, Mucorinorum amplectentem. Et quidem nobis melior videtur per se (exclu- sis tribubus II. et IV. jam secundum Linkium citatis)—et quia ex serie Linkiana Genera, Pilobolus, Erysiphe et Rhizoctonia jam alio loco Friesiano, summo jure citata omittere necesse est, Stilbumque contra, omnino ad Mucorinos pertinens ut etiam vult Fries. hic inserere. Genus 194. CHorRDosTYLUM. *2712. 1. C. capillare, F. S. V. p. 175, rarius Bethlehem in foliis putridis. Vide etiam A. et S., Conspectum. Genus 195. Srizzum. F.S. V. p. 175, et Sprengel., p. 545. 2713. 1. S. vulgare, Spr. p. 545, n. 1, Syn. Car. 1280, et. Bethl. 9714. 2. S. gelatinosum, Pers., Syn. Car. 1279, et Bethl. ad truncos. 2715. 3. S. tomentoswm, Spr. n. 14, Syn. Car. 1276, et. Bethl. 2716. 4. S. byssinum, Pers. in hymenio putridi fungi Bethl. et Syn. Car. 1282. 2717. 5. S. piliforme, Spr. n. 8, ad ligna etiam Bethl. et Salem in Inyolucris, Syn. Car. 1278. 2718. 6. S. bulbosum, Spr. n. 2, solummodo Car., Syn. Car. 1281. 2719. 7. S. rigidum, Spr. n. 9, in truncis, Sal. et Bethl. S. ©. 1276. 2720. 8. S. turbinatum, Spr. n. 18, Syn. Car. 1283, Salem. 2721. 9. S. rubicundum, Spr. n. 19, Syn. Car. 1284, non Pennsyly. *2722. 10. S. roseum, L. y. S., rarius inter fibros ligni cariosi subsolutos, Bethl. S. minutissimum, efformans caespitulos inter fibros; stipitibus subbulbosis brevibus, capitulis subturbi- natis cum stipite pallido-roseis. *2723. 11. S. isquinans, L. v. S., an hujus Generis? abnorme et valde memorabile. Inventum super ramos et dejectamenta effusum, Bethl. S. longe lateque effusum, in aggeres magnos aut acervos unciales accumulatum atro-inquinantes, crassos. Stipitibus longis, bilinearibus, subulatis, rigidis, fragilibus aterrimis. Capitulis globosis, nigris, obscuris deciduis. Nota.—Sprengelius sub hoc genere subsumpsit heterogenos fungos—inter quos admiratus sum Perico- niam Persicae, Syn. Car. 1290, quae cum P. Rhois ibidem 1291, est sine dubio Calycium, Lichen, observare. Ubi Linkii sententia placebit Stilba, non ex opere ejus determinandum. Mihi pro certo yvidetur hoe genus ad Mucorinos Friesii pertinere. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 285 Genus 196. Evrorium. S. F. V. p. 177, Lk. p. 79. 2724. 1. E. herbariorum, Lk. p. 79, Syn. Car. 427, varians magnitudine et colore ubique. "2725. 2. E. ontrreratem, L. v. S., in herbis male exsiccatis Herbarii mei. E. thallo obliterato, nullo. Sporangiis magnis citrinis. Genus 197. Mucor. F.S. V. p. 176, Lk. 80. “2726. 1. M. fimetarius, Lk. p. 80, n. 1, in stercore vaccino. Evyanescens, Bethlehem. “2727. 2. M.rufus, Lk. n. 3, persistens in Polyporo, Beth. 2728. 3. M. flavidus, Lk. n. 8, in Agaricis rarius sed perelegans. Evanescens, Salem et Bethl., Syn. Car. 421. 2729. 4. M. Mucedo, Lk. n. 14, Syn. Car. 423. Ubique. "2730. 5. M. ascophorus, Lk. n. 15, in Cucurbitis, Bethl. "2731. 6. M. tenuis, Lk. n. 16, in ligno putrido mycomatre illito Nazareth. Distinctum persistens. "2732. 7. M. carneus, Lk. n. 20, in frustulis pineis, Philad. evanescens. *2733. 8. M. minimus, Lk. n. 22, in putridis Cucurbit. Bethl. 2734. 9. M. tenellus, Lk. 23, Syn. Car. 426, passim et Bethl. 2735. 10. M. caninus, Lk. 24, Syn. Car. 424, et. Bethl. "2736. 11. M. stercoreus, Lk. 25, etiam in canino stercore, ibid. 2737. 12. M. murinus, Lk. 26, Syn. Car. 425, et. Bethl. "2738. 13. M. Fimbria, Lk. 27, in Sphaeriis, Salem et Bethl. "2739. 14. M. albo-virens, Lk. 28, in Pezizis vetustis, Bethl. "2740. 15. M. truncorum, Lk. n. 2, in Catalpa caesa, Bethl. "2741. 16. M. carrraro-namoscs, L. v. S., in Boleto aut Polyporo vetusto, Bethl. M. ingens, persistens. Floccis densis fulvo-luteis, semi-uncialibus, caespitosis, apice divaricato-ramosis, quasi laxum capitulum sistentibus, onustis nempe Sporangiolis magnis luteis, demum nigrescenti- bus. Perpulcher Mucor. Floccis firmiusculis. "2742. 17. M. ecurnopnita, L. y. S., non rarus in spinis Involucrorum, Castan. Bethl. M. pusillus, simplex. Hyphasmate simplici nigro cinereo breviusculo, subulato, basi incrassata. Sporangiolo hyalino demum cinereo-deciduo. Densissime prorumpit aut potius insidet in spinis, oculum nudum effugiens, Genus 198. THAMNIDIUM. *2743. 1. T. elegans, Lk. p. 96. Rarissime s¢d distinctissimum inyentum mense Decemb. in frustulis corticis Salicis, Bethl. Sporangiola elongata. Medium fugacissimum ceteris minoribus candidis persistentibus. Series VI. (Byssgaz.) F.S. V. p. 307 et porro inter Algas byssaceas. Genus 199. Or1pium. **2744. 1. O. awrewm, Lk. p. 121, n.1. Solummodo Carolina ligno carios. *2745. 2. O. fulvum, Lk. n. 2. Bethl. rarius. *2746. 3S. O. fructigena, Lk. n. 3, in Prunis et Persicis, Bethl. *2747. 4. O. monilioides, Lk.n. 4. Salem et Bethl. in graminib. "2748. 5. O. subramosum, Lk. n. 10, in ramis Sassafras, Bethl. *2749. 6. O.crocewm, Lk. n. 8, in cortice Castaneo, Bethl. *2750. 7. 0. cannvinum, L. vy. S., in foliis quercinis putridis, Bethl. Vou. LV 3 WwW 286 SYNOPSIS OF O. floccis crassis decumbentibus aggregatis, candidis, ex articulis crassis—Torulae non dissimilibus. Sistens maculas candidas laxas. 2751. 8. O. rvautnans, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. Trichoderma globosum, 524. Fungum hunc yulgatissi- mum, ulnari longitudine globosis pulyinulis, saepe confluentibus, occupantem ramos etiam Quercinos, Oidium esse non amplius dubitandum. Floccis erectiusculis articulatis simplicibus, demum solutis in Sporidia fuligineo-atra. Genus 200. Txrrraconium. *2752. 1. T. Tuberculariae, Lk. p. 125. Non solum in Tubercularia vulgari, sed etiam in aliis specie- bus Tuberculariae observatum, Bethl. Genus 201. ALTERNARIA. *2753. 1, A. tenuis, Lk. p. 127, n.1. Frequenter occurrens in Brassicis Hortorum, in calycibus Heli- anthi annui, et in culmis Zizaniae prope Philadelphia observata. Genus 202. Monrrta. 2754. 1. M. antennata, Lk. p. 126,n.1. Syn. Car. 1322. Et Bethlehemis frequens: y. c. in tectis pineis. *2755. 2. M. expansa, Lk. n. 2, in caulibus frequens Bethl. *2756. 3. M. alta, Lk. n. 3, in lignis et ramulis, ibid. *2757. 4. M. sparsa, Lk. n. 4, in Arundine et caulibus ibid. 2758. 5. M. ruscontena, L. v. S., Syn. Car. Trichoderma spadiceum 525, Huc pertinet. Frequens etiam Pennsylvania e. c. ad palos. ; M. caespitulis 2—3 linearibus, subrotundis pulvinatis. Floccis ferrugineo fusco-nigris frequentissimis simplicibus stipatis, quasi subradiatim diyergentibus, demum solutis in articulos fusco-nigros, inqui- nantes. "2759. 6. M. erozosa, L. v. S., rarius in cortice juniorum ramorum Populi italicae, Bethl. M. caespitulis globosis, sparsis, nigris, compositise floccis atro-fuligineis irregulariter aggregatis nec radiantibus. Articulis globosis in quos demum soluta—atro inquinat. *2760. 7. M. euncrans, L. v. S., passim obvia in lignis pyrinis, Bethl. M. Caespitulis minutis, quasi punctantibus lignum, compositis ex floccis crassiusculis brevibus sub- divergentibus demum conglutinatis—lignum inquinantibus, solutis nempe articulis nigro-subniten- tibus. Pulvinuli saepe longe lateque confluunt, primum fibris ligni subimmersi. Genus 203. Toruta. 2761. 1. T. herbarum, Lk. p. 128, n. 1, Syn. Car. 1321, ubique yulgatissima in caulibus. *2762. 2. T. tenera, Lk. n. 2, frequens ad ramos, Bethl. *2763. 3. T. meputraz, L. v. S, in medullamaximarum caulium longe lateque effusa, Bethl. T. Floccis in thallum fuligineum tam conglutinatis ut fere pelliculam efficiunt. Floccis fragilibus, demum solutis in oyales articulos. “2764. 4. T. cucunnrranvm, L, y.S., latissime effusa in cortice Cucurbitarum (Lagenariae) maculis maximis, y. c. 4—6 uncialibus, Bethl. T. atra, maculas determinatas efformans confluentes, inquinantes. Floccis fragillimis—articulis globosis. "2765. 5S. T. crusracea, L. v. S., ramos juniores salicinos incrustans longe lateque non rara, Bethl. T. ex epidermide prorumpens et eam longe lateque demum incrustans, fuliginea. Floccis conglu- tinatis—inquinantibus ad tactum, ob solutos articulos minutissimos. "2766. 6. T. oxtvascens, L. y. S., in libro corticis, epidermide orbato, Catalpae, Bethl. T. pulvinulis elongatis, confluentibus, oliyaceo-nigris subseriata. Floccis grosse articulatis, et quasi ramosis, NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 287 Series VII. et VIII. (AppEnprx.). Momenti mihi videtur Fungos aut Mycelia aut quidquid sint, sequentium Generum in opere meo, titu- lum Conspectus omnium Mycetomorphorum Americanorum sibi yindicante, nullimodo omnino negligi. Easdem degenerationes, eadem initialia, eadem exanthemata aut analoga inyenisse cis et transatlantice, de quibus peritissimus quisque anceps haeret, an sint Vegetabilia autonoma, nec ne, factum est, non omnino negligendum in his rebus dijudicandis. Sententiae Friesii assentio de plerisque—et Linkius de iis dubitat—sed Linkiiad exemplar, tamen quam potui diligentiam adhibui, omnia hae Mycetomorpha recensere hoc loco, equidem praestantiora noya mihi obyia describere, appendicis, ad instar. Genus 204. Hexrcomyces. F.S. V. p. 310, Byss. * we “I a zt at . H. roseus, Lk. p. 131. Tantum mihi obvius in trunco jacente Erie County, Pennsyly. Genus 205. Demarium. Link. p. 131. "2768. 1. D. nigrum, Lk. p. 131, n. 1, passim in cortice Bethl. *2769. 2. D. mollissimum, Lk. n. 2. Salem ad radices. "2770. 3. D. badium, Lk. n. 4, ad ramos dejectos Sal. et Bethl. *2771. 4. D.jubatum, Lk. n. 5, ibidem, Bethl. *2772. 5. D. rupestre, Lk. n. 6, ad rupes udas, Bethl. "2773. 6. D. rupincola, Lk. n. 7, in Lichenibus rupestribus, ibid. “2774. 7. D. muscorum, Lk. n. 8, frequens in Bartramia vix autonomon., Bethl. *2775. 8. D. cornutum, Lk. n. 12, passim in ramis salicinis, Bethl. "2776. 9. D. subcorticale, Lk. n. 14, rarius sub cortice. *2777. 10. D. strigosum, Lk. n. 15, ligno putridissimo juglandino obvium, Bethl. *2778. 11. D. Auta, Lk. n. 13, passimin interioribus truncis. Specimina perpulchra teneo ex navibus bellicis classis americanae in Lacu Erie constructae, et post paucos annos ab hoc hoste funguloso destructae—hostis Britannici quanquam victrix fuit. *2779. 12. D.lintaceum, Lk. n. 21, rarius in truncis, Bethl. 2780. 13. D. namosum, L.y. S., Syn. Car. 1362, Racodium. In ramulis Andromedae arboreae, Salem nec Bethl. 2781. 14. D. Smrracis, L.v. S., Syn. Car. 1329, etiam satis frequens Bethl. in smilacibus, *2782. 15. D. errsenarricum, L. vy. S., passim in exsoletis Sphaeriis, Bethl. Non est Cladosporium. D. fasciculatim contextum ex filis badiis et fuscis, articulatis, ramosis. Fasciculis minutis erectis. 2783. 16. D. papyraceum, Lk. n. 23, frequens intra ligna cariosa Salem et Bethl. Syn. Car. 1359. Vix autonomon. 2784. 17. D. aeruginosum, Pers., Syn. Car. 1360, et Pennsylv. frequens. "2785. 18. D. Corium, Pers. Myc. Europ. vulgatissimum in fissuris truncorum, Pennsyly. et Carolina. *2786. 19. D. lanatum, Lk. 22, in interiori trunco, Bethl. 2787. 20. D. cinnamomervm, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1361. Racodium, passim et Bethl. Quinque ultimae species, Xylostromata auctorum, sunt. Assentio Friesio, degenerationes variorum Hymenomycetum in suffocatis mihi sunt, et quidem talis plerumque, quae ex Polypororum aut Agari- corum in lignum penetrantibus partibus radicantibus degeneratis oriuntur: ita nempe, ut nisus yegetativus omnino in pseudo-radicem abiens, formationes Pilei et evolutione perfecta ceterorum organorum carent. Genus 206. Ozonium. S. V. F. p. 302, Byssac. 2788. 1. Q. awricomum, Lk. p. 138, n. 1, Syn. Car. 1328, Demat. strigosum, Salem et Bethl. 288 SYNOPSIS OF 2789. 2. O. stuposum, Lk.n. 2. Bethl. in trabibus dejectis putridis. Duae haec species, saepissime observatae sine dubio genuinae sunt et locum sibi vindicant byssaceum quem iis Friesius tribuit. Nullimodo autem ceteris congruunt—valde distinctis, quibus me censente nomen genericum Himantia debetur videlicet. Genus 207. Himantia. Myc. Europ. p. 88. > *2790. 1. H. cellaris, Pers. Myc. Europ. I. p. 89, apud nos Bethlehemis tam distincta et Persoonianae congrua, nec cum Thelephora, H. domestica eadem, ut vix dubitare possum ut sit autonomon. *2791. 2. H. subcorticalis, Pers. Myc. Europ. I. p. 92, n.15. Quam ante oculos habeo, et frequentem inveni intra corticem et lignum truncorum, et quidem saepius ulnarem immo triulnarem—nulli- modo, pro mycelio habendam censeo. Congener est prioris. H. Jateritia est Clavaria aut Typhula: H. candida Sporotrichum et idem H. epiphylla ex subgenere Byssocladium. Genus Freriziarta. Lk. p. 140, (F. felina nobis non obyia)—procul ullo dubio eliminandum, vide F. S. V. p. 217. F. rbuscula, Lk. n. 2, est ut F. vestita, F. implexa et F. subterranea initium radicale Agaricorum, Hydnorum, Poly- porum, &e. truncicolarum. Sed quid revera sint duae sequentes insignes fre- quentissime in Carolina et Pennsylvania observatae non valeo dijudicare et ideo pro futuro examine hoc loco et nomine adoptato describam. Genus 208. Fiprituarta, L. vy. S., non Linkii. 2792. 1. F. crocra, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1370, Rhizomorphaomnino perperam. Vulgata est apud nos in truncis—nullimodo radiculis similis, nec Rhizomorphis nec Linki Fibrillariis. Saepe 6 uncias et ultra longa. *2793. 2. F. compranata, L. y.S. In truncis latere interno, ad insignem latitudinem ac longitudinem expansa. Ramosissima, alba, complanata, quasi ex stipite longo emanente, in ramos demum tenuissimos flabella- tim divisa. Substantia prioris. Hypha bombycina, Lk. p. 141, unica a me apud nos sed frequenter in truncis quercinis, jacentibus observata tempore udo et tactu evanescens—degeneratum aut potius luxurians est initium Hypho- mycetis mucedinei cujusdam. Genus 209. Puiesomorpuia. Pers. Myce. I. p. 61. Exclusis Mesentericis, quae procul dubio sunt initia Trichospermorum—nam omnes mihi notas in pyxide botanica asservatas vidi in fungos trichospermos transformavi—duae sequentes species omnino alius indolis non possum non pro vegetabilia autonoma habere. *2794. 1. P. rufa, Pers. Myc. p. 61, n. 1, elegantula passim obvia in cariosis udis, Salem et Bethl. “2795. 2. P. anpuscuna, L. v. S., ad interiora latera corticis dejecti subsicci, Bethl. P. omnino refert picturam arbuscularum nigrarum juxta positarum, non ex uno centro sed quasi sylvam formantium. Plerumque transversim positae sunt et ex nigris fibrillis compositae. ‘Trunco nempe ramificato, plicatim elevato, intus albescente, abiente in innumeros ramulos attenuatos, cum ipso trunco quasi conflatos ex flexuosim unitis flocculis, versus basin satis crasso; in ambitu tenuissimae, deveniunt ramificationes. Arctim et inseparabiliter cortici adhaerens. Arbusculae plurimae plus- quam unciali longitudine. Sed etiam multo minores. Credideris picturam sylyulae hybernalis ante oculos positam—occupantem 3—6 uncias. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 289 Genus 210. Erinevm. Pauca sunt praemonenda in hoc Genus vexatissimum quod viris optimis, Friesio, Kunze, Schlechten- dahl, &e., ambabus suis subgeneribus, Phyllerio et Erineo nec non Taphrina F. p. 315—317, S. V’ F. tam evidenter yidetur meram degenerationem pilorum aut cellularum et inde Byssaceas spuri “sistere. Asserta illoruam—oppugnare procul sit. Non pygmei est gigantibus bellum inferre; ¥ lubenter fateor, inter Phylleria praesertim, plures species militare, quae etiam mihi tales deforma- tiones nec aliud videntur, v. c. E. Juglandis, nervale, &c. et ex nostris E. Pruni, L.y. S. Sed aliaec, et quidem prae ceteris plurima Erinea propria (Rubigines Linkii Obs. I.) nostro mirando E. anomalo auctae—non tam confidenter possum ad meras degenerationes, quanquam regulares, ut Bedequar Rosarum, Gallae, &c. y. p. 316, F.S.V- referre. Nam quomods, v. c. possim Erinea in foliis glaberrimis Betulae, Aceris, Populi, prae ceteris autem Fagi orta pro talibus habere non video. Quid autem sint, an Byssaceae verae, ut suspicor, nec ne non valeo dijudicare. Forsan melius determinandum post perfectiorem cognitionem ingentis molis horum mycomorphorum, quae secun- dum imperfectas jam notas observationes in foliis vivis Tropicis degunt Interea, hoe loco, ameri- cana mihi obvia Erinea recensenda placet. 4 *1. Phylleria. *2796. 1. E. quercinum, Lk. p. 148, n. 7, (non Syn. Car. n. 1352—quod non Frineum nec vegetabile bene monente Kunze) frequens in foliis quercinis Bethl. e 2797. 2. E. acerinum, Lk. n. 10, frequens in A. rubro Carol. Syn. Car. 1358.” ° *2798. 3. E. semydophilum, Lk. n. 11, in foliis betulinis Horti Nazareth. 2799. 4. E. Vitis, Lk. n. 15, est idem cum Syn. Car. 1353, et frequens occurrit etiam Bethl. *2800. 5. E. alnigenum, Lk. n. 18, frequens in foliis Alni undulatae prope Meadville in Pennsyly. 2801. 6. E. Quercus cinerear, Ly. S., Syn. Car. 1354, bonum—sed non in Pennsyly. *2802. 7. E. Prost, L. vy. S., nervos Pruni virginianae sequens ex New York, communicavit Halsey. E. an hujus generis? Floccis longis subrectis utrinque circum neryum folii centralem densissime sitis, in pagina aversa colore badio-ferrugineo, ad 2—3 linearem longitudinem extensis nec intricatis aut saltem parum. Demum etiam circum nervos secundarios apparet. r *2. Erinea propria. 2803. 8. E. rosewum, Lk. n. 25, Syn. Car. 1349, betulinum frequens in Betula nigra, Salem et Bethl. *9804. 9. E. betulinum, Lk. n. 26, in B. nigra, Bethl. *2805. 10. E. platanoideum, Lk. n. 28, in foliis Aceris saccharin., Bethl. 2806. 11. E. fagineum, Lk. n. 32, Syn. Car. 1350, vulgatissim. et Salem et Bethl. *2807. 12. E. Pyracanthae, Lk. n. 34, in foliis Crataegi punctatae, Bethl. rarius. *2808. 13. E. purpurascens, Lk. n. 36, frequens Bethl in Acerinis foliis. *2809. 14. E. rrveora, L. v. S., frequens et distinctissimum in foliis Betulue carpinifoliae (lentae) nec © alibi, Bethl. = E. caespitibus linearibus, aggregatis, subparallelis, confluentibus, satis crassis—interdum longis, quasi lineolas efficientibus, angustis, amvene purpureis. In aversa pagina folii paulisper tantum in supe- riori depressi. . *2810. 15. E. anomatcm, L.y. S., valde abnorme—tamen nullimodo dubitandum de genere. In pétiolis foliorum Juglandis nigrae et J. cinereae, neque alibi, pervulgatum. E. petiolis innatum, in tuberculo si vis, plerumque scutelliforme—saepe $ uncialis diametri; interdum pluribus talibus tuberculis confluentibus aut aggregatis ita ut semiunciam occupant. Margine con- spicuo gaudent, et hoc subiculum scutellatum, intus, sectione, esse durum, nigrum demonstratur, _ quanquam extus colorem et indolem petioli servat. Jam in folio vigente, observatur frequentissime dejecto tandem omnino evolutum. Tum in disco scutellae, apparent densissime intricati flocci, articulati crassi, torti, ferruginei, constructione omnino E. alnei. Colore floccorum primum ac in vigenti petiolo, pallidiore, demum ime rubro-ferrugineo. Memorabile mihi videtur in Tiliarum foliis apud nos, nunquam meinvenisse ulla yestigia Erinei aut Phyllerii tam vulgati in Tiliis europaeis. An causa sit, quod plerumque Tiliae europaeae sub cul- tro gementes, aptiores deyenient fungos epiphytos producere, ut sane in aliis arboribus mihi inno- tuit aicpe Miratus sum ceterum mihi obviam facta in America tam pauca Erinea, nec ullum, E. anomalo excepto, in foliis non analogis Europaeis arboribus talia producentibus. " Vou. IV.—3 X 290 SYNOPSIS OF Cuassts Quinta. GYMNOMYCETES (Entophytae et Tubercu- larini Friesii). Series 1. ENTOPHYTAE. Genus 211. Caroma. a. Supcen. UREDO. r uh 1. Ustilago. ” 2 2811. 1. C. U. segetum, Lk. IL. p. 1, n. 1, Syn. Car. 483, frequens in variis segetalium fructus, Salem et Bethl. ’ 2812. 2. C. U. Zeaz, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 485, frequens etiam Pennsyly. Lk. p. 2, n. 3, non diversum, quoad descriptionem, sed nostrum giganteum. Nam observatio mea in Syn. Car. de pulvere capil- laceo erronea est. Primo adspectu reyera ita se habent Sporidia, sine deceptione oculorum, sporidiis nempe inyicem adglutinatis, quasi flocci spurii oriuntur, qui autem aquae immersi omnino solyuntur in sporidia globosa viridiatro-cinerea. Ceterum germina ab Caeomate hoc infesta mire intumescunt. Inveni talia germina interdum ad uncialem diametrum, immo biuncialem distentia. Fungus, primo statu eyolutionis in centro germinis, nascit gradatim quasi totum albumen occupans, epidermidem distentans ita, ut demum fere diaphana devenit antequam rumpitur. Passim servat formam origi- nalem, et passim varie contortam reddit. Maculam nullam observavi. 2818. 3. C. U. Caricis, Lk. n. 11, Syn. Car. 484, et Bethl. ubi plerumque Caricem Buxbaumii infestat. *2814. 4. C. U. utriculosum, Lk. n. 23, in perigynis Polygoni amphibii in Lacu Leboeuf prope Water- ford, Erie County, Pennsyly. 2815. 5. C. U. Synruenismaz, L. v. S., satis frequens in calycibus et germinibus Syntherismae (Digi- tariae) in Carol. C. in yaginis etiam junioribus sese ostendit ante evolutionem. Sporidiis cinereo-atro viridibus, laxissime effusis inquinantibus. 7 : *2816. 6. C. U. Junct, L. v. S., rarissime in vaginis umbellarum et germinibus Junci ten isn Salem et Beth. ; C. aterrimum, longitudinaliter in glumis effusum, primum tectum cortice quasi spurio nigronitido. Sporidiis minutissimis conglutinatis. An idem Ustilago in Rhynchosporis rarissime obvia, sporidiis majoribus. 2. Rubigines. *2817. 7. C. U. Rubigo, Lk. n. 9. Halsey ex New York in cerealibus. 2818. 8. C. U. linearis, Lk. n. 8, Syn. Car. 464, in foliis cerealium Salem, Bethl. et ubique. *2819. 9. C. U. rimosum, Lk. n. 14, rarius in Scirpis juxta Hope Novae Cesareae. *2820. 10. C. U. Anpnoroat, L. vy. S., in foliis Andropogi avenaceae Bethl. rarius et affinis C. longiss- imo, a quo differt praesertim macula purpurascente manifesta. C. maculis longissimis, angustis purpurascentibus. Acervis longissimis parallelis etiam angustatis, erumpentibus longitudinaliter ex epidermide eleyata. Sporidiis demum laxe effusis globosis, rufo- fuscis. *2821. 11. C. U. Inrnrs, L. vy. S., frequensin foliis marcidis Iridis virginicae, Bethl. C. affine C. Lilii; maculis flavescentibus, acervis rotundis oyalibus non circinnatim positis, sed dis- persis; primum tectis epidermide, satis elevatis. Sporidiis copiosis subpedicellatis, fulvo-ferrugi- neis, demum effusis. Nunquam nigrescunt sporidia ut in C. Lilii. 2822. 12. C. U. Smimacis, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 471, Link. n. 22, et Bethl. in Smilacis foliis. 2823. 13. C.U. Labiatarum, Lk. n. 34, Syn. Car. U. Clinopodii—469, et Bethl. in Pycnanthemis, NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 291 2824. 14. C. U. Iromeaz, Syn. Car. 468, Lk. n. 38, non Pennsylv. 2825. 15. C. U. Ereruanroronis, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 467, Lk. 54, solummodo in Carolina. 2826. 16. C. U.Soxrpacrts, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 472, vulgatum et Pennsylv. 2827. 17. C. U. Teneninrurnaceag, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 473, non in Pennsyly. #2828. 18. C. U. Hexranrut, L. y. S., rarius in foliis H. gigantei, Bethl. Cc. maculis obliteratis. Acervis aggregatis nudis pulvinatis, densis, flayo-rubris, primum subsolidis, demum spargentibus sporidia minuta aurantio-rubra. *2829. 19. C. U. Anemonis, L. y. S., in aversa pagina Anemonis quinquefoliae, Bethl. rarum. C. maculis lutescentibus majusculis. Aceryis subrotundis dilatatis, parum eleyatis, Sporidiis pallidis. 2830. 20. C. U. Campanularum, Lk, 44, in C. amplexicaule, Syn. Car. 465, et. Bethl. 2831. 21. C. U. Onagrarum, Lk. 32, Syn. Car. Circaeae, 466, et. BethL 2832. 22. C. U. miniata, Lk. 84, Syn. Car. 463, Salem et Bethl. #2833. 23. C. U. ruborum, Lk. 86, frequens, Bethl. . 2854. 24. C. U. Potentillarum, Lk. 87, Syn. Car. 461, in Potentilla canadensi frequens et Pennsyly. 2835. 25. C. U. Acnimonrar, L. v. S., saepe omnino obfcgens paginam inferiorem Agrimoniae, per- peram ad U. rosae, Syn. Car. 462. ‘C. maculis lutescentibus. Acervis minutis, confluentibus, amoene rubro aurantiacis sporidiis, demum decolorantibus. #2836. 26. C. U. Filicum, Lk. n. 101, in Aspidiis, ex New York, communicavit Dr. Torrey. *2857. 27. C. U. Trucntt, L. y. S., rarissime in foliis Teucrii virginicae, Bethl. C. maculis obliteratis. Acervis densim congestis maculariformibus, effusis, eleganter rubris. Sporidiis ‘minimis subcoccineo-ruberrimis. 2838. 28. C. U. Azareaz, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 470, minima frequens in foliis Azaleae nudiflorae, Bethl. et Salem. C. maculis obliteratis, acervulis in. pagina aversa, primum subconicis, minutis, aurantiacis, demum effusis. Sporidiis minutissimis, decolorantibus, et inaequalibus, pyriformibus nempe immistis glo- bosis. 3. Fuscescentes et Nigredines. 2839. 29. C. U. Anz vrrernici, L, y. S., Syn. Car. Caladii, 480, Lk. n. 21. Non est Caladium sed Arum in quo inyenitur frequenter, et in Pennsylvania. 2840. 30. C. U. Srermacocss, L. y. S., Syn. Car. Puccinia 502, Lk. n. 57, elegans. Sporidiis non septatis, et Philad. > *2841. 31. C. U. Cuarnoruyrit, L. y. S., in foliis Chaerophylli aut Myrrhis Claytoni Penns. C. maculis obliteratis: acervis rotundis, sparsis et aggregatis etiam subconfluentibus, epidermide de- mum rupta, apertis. Sporidiis effusis globosis, ex tabacino nigris, splendentibus. *2842. 32. C. U. Hyrenicr, L. y. S., in caulibus Hyperici ignoti rarius in Carolina; non idem cum C. hypericorum, Lk. — C. maculis in caule piloso-strigoso, purpureis: acervis sparsis, acuminato-oyatis, bullatis, elevatis, -_ epidermide rupta cinctis. Sporidiis fusco-purpureis, demum effusis. 2843. 33. C. U. Heucuenas, L. y. S., Lk. 79, Syn. Car. 479, non in Pennsyly. *2844. 34. C. U. apiculosum, Lk. p. 90, in Phaseolis Bethl. Syn. Car. 478. e 2845. 35. C. U. appendiculosum, Lk. 91, Syn. Car. 477, et. Bethl. 2846. 36. C. U. punctuosum, Lk. 93, Syn. Car. 474, scutellata etiam Bethl. in Euph. hypericifolia. 2847. 37. C. U. Leguminosorum, Lk. 92, Syn. Car. 476, Viciae in Vicia Faba, Bethl. et Salem. *2848. 38. C. U. Lonerrar canprnas, L. y. S., rarius in pagina aversa foliorum Lobel. card. Naz. C. maculis obliteratis, acervis effuso-confluentibus, non elevatis nec epidermide cinctis. Sporidiis effusis, pedicellatis, chocolatino-purpurascentibus. #2849. 39. C. U. Tuaxicrnt, L. vy. S., rarissime sed pulchrum in foliis Thalictri cornuti, Bethl. C. macula nulla. Aceryis pulvinatis subrotundis—diametro lineari et ultra, late aggregatis, epidermide subcinetis. Sporidiis grossiusculis e chocolatino-fuscis. *2850. 40. C. U. prunnevm, L. v. S., in folio ignoto ex collectione clarissimi Collins, Philad. C. macula lutescente, in pagina superiori. Acervulis applanatis, difformibus, yarie confluentibus. Sporidiis minutis, brunneo-fuscis, primum conglutinatis. *2851. 41. C. U. Caetiponit, L. v.S.,rarissimum. In foliis Chelidonii ex New York missis. 292 SYNOPSIS OF C. macula lutescenti. Acervulis difformibus, aggregatis confluentibus. Sporidiis majusculis fuscis et nigris, ovalibus, laxim diffusis. 4. Albugo. 2852. 42. C. U. candidum, Lk. 102, Syn. Car. 481 et 482, in foliis cruciferarum; in Portulacca de= ceae, &c. frequens et Pennsylvania. ’ *2853. 43. C. U. Amananrnat, L. y. S., in aversa pagina foliorum A. paniculatae, Bethl. passim. C. affine candido sed multo majus; acervis pseudo-peridiosis confluentibus, bullatis, subconcentricis> plerumque ruptis. Sporidiis ex albo-lutescentibus, majusculis. 5. Sporidiis inaequalibus. #2854. 44. C. U. gyrosum, Lk. 105, in foliis Rubi Idaei, Beth. *2855. 45. C. U. cylindricum, Lk. 108, in Populo italica, Bethl. *2856. 46. C. U. epiteum, Lk. 112, in foliis Salicis nigrae fere totum arborem occupans, Bethl. 8. Suncen. AECIDIUM. *9857. 47. C. A. Convallariatum, Lk. 114, in foliis Smilacinae racemosae, Bethl. rarissime. °c 2858. 48. C. A. Uvurarnratum, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 453, vix ut vult Link. n. 116, ad C. Alliatum. Maculis nempe parvis, nunquam 4 unciam excedentibus, etiam candidis ab Alliato differt. 2859. 49. C. A. Sminacinatum, L.v. S. Syn. Car. 452, Lk. 117, nondum obvium in Pennsylv. 2860. 50. C. A. Anorpatum, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 457, Caladlii in Aro virginico Salem. *2861. 51. C. A. Dracontrnatom, L. y. S., frequens in foliis et petiolis etiam in scapis Ari dracontii, Bethl. Non idem cum priori. Etiam Salem. C. maculis pallidis, late extensis in folio, fere totum saepe occupantibus. Pseudoperidiis magnis. sparsis, crebris, sine ordine in macula dispositis. Sporidiis aurantiacis. *2862. 52. C. A. rubellatum, Lk. n. 120, rarius in variis Rumicibus, Salem et Bethl. Plerumque macula sterili. 2863. 53. C. A. Lysimachiatum, Lk. 126, Syn. Car. 438, omnino idem. In Pennsylvania pleramque in L, racemosa. 2864. 54. C. A. PentsTEmonIATuM, L. v. S., , Syn. scat 449, Lk. p. 47, solummodo in Carolina ob- servatum. 2865. 55. C. A. Arocynatum, L. v.S., Syn. Car. 448, Lk. n. 135, nondum in Pennsyly. 2866. 56. C. A. Conyorvuratum, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 454, frequentissimum etiam in Pennsyly. in C. pandurato. 2867. 57. C. A. Compositatum, Lk. n. 139, et in Pennsyly. requcts. ca a Prenanthis in Krigia, Salem, Syn. Car. 434, , ~~ & Eupatoriae, Bethl. in E. purpureo frequens. al *2868. 58. C. A. Hreracratum, L. v. S., passim in foliis H. paniculati et maculati, Bethl. — C. maculis ime purpureis late effusis. Pseudoperidiis circinatis, in centro maculae, marginibus ele- ganter fimbriatis. Sporidiis aurantiis. ; *2869. 59. C. A. Erteznonatum, L. vy. S., rarius sed maximum in E. heterophyllo, Bethl. C. maculis maximis lutescentibus, quasi crassis. Pseudoperidiis densim sparsis sine ordine eleyatis. Sporidiis lutescentibus. « 2870. 60. C. A. Asteratum, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 444, Lk. 143, vulgaris praesertim in A. paniculato. Optime cum hoc jungit Linkius C. Solidaginis, Syn. Car. 446, et C. Verbesinae 445. Sed €. Helianthi non hujus loci. 2871. 61. C. A. Hetrantaatom, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 450 in H. molli frequens. Rarum in Pennsylv. “2872. 62. C. A. Tracuezirorratom, L. v. S., passim in foliis Helianthi trachelifolii, Bethl. C. maculis late effusis lutescentibus aut rufis, confluentibus magnis. Pseudoperidiis in centro den- sissime aggregatis quasi stipatis et invicem adpressis, et inde subangulatis, satis elevatis; non fimbriato margine. Sporidiis flavis demum decolorantibus. *2873. 63. C. A. Gnarnatiatum, L. v.S., memorabile et valde vulgatum sero autumno in foliis, (aversa pagina) etiam in caulibus lanatis Gnaphalii polycephali, Bethl. C. hypophyllum, in Jana foliorum et caulis primum involutum. Maculis plus minusve effusis lutes- centibus. Pseudoperidiis tantum paucis, sed densim approximatis, saepissime etiam simplicibus, NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 293 longissimis, candidissimis, cylindricis, apice fimbriatis. Sporidiis aurantio-luteis, Est affinitas formae peridii cum C. Pini. . a 2874. 64, C. A. Crematiratum, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 447—et in Pennsyly. lectum—species bona. 2875. 65. C. A. Ranunculaceatum, Lk. 150. Frequens ~ (Syn. Car. 440) et Pennsyly. in variis _ Ranunculis, v. c. R. abortivo et aliis. *2876. 65. C. A. Crmicirueatum, L. y. S., pulcherrimum, rarius in foliis Cimicifugae racemosae, Bethl. In plantis talibus, fere omnia folia infestat. C. maculis magnis orbiculatis luteis bullatis. Pseudoperidiis in pagina inferiori, concentricis, longissi- mis, cylindricis, apice primum clausis, demum subfimbriatis. Sporidiis aurantiacis albescentibus. *2877. 67. C. A. Hiniscrarum, L. v. S., in foliis Hibisci militaris, Bethl. cult. non rarum. C. maculis orbiculatis lutescentibus, confluentibus. Pseudoperidiis, irregulariter sed densim sparsis tenuibus luteis. Sporidiis non compactis sed laxis lutescentibus. *2878. 68. C. A. Heraricarum, L. vy. S., vix ad C. quadrifidum, Lk. n. 152. In foliis degeneratis i. e. non trilobis, sed quasi reniformibus et multilobis Anemones hepaticae passim, Bethl. © C. Maculae omnino expers; folium autem cui insidet degeneratum. Pseudoperidiis maximis latis, margine exacte quadrifido revoluto, laciniis latis, brunneis. Sporidiis fuscobrunneis. Totum folium occupat. 2879. 69. C. A. Geraniatum, Lk. 156, in foliis Geranii maculati et G, carolinianae. Omnino idem cum europaeo. Syn. Car. 443. 2880. 70. C. A. Impatienratum, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 442, Lk. pag. 57, in nota etiam Bethl. 2881. 71. C. A. Berberidatum, Lk. 157, in Berberide canadense Carolina. "2882. 72. C. A. grossulariatum, Lk. 162, valde frequens in variis speciminibus Grossulariae montibus Pennsyly. 2883. 73. C. A. Hyrrrrcatum, L.y. S., Syn. Car. 451, Lk. 159, passim etiam prope Philadelphia. 2884. 74. C. A. Violatum, Lk. 158, Syn. Car. 439, in foliis variarum Violarum Carolinae et Pennsyly. y. c. V. cucullatae, obliquae, hastatae et talium. *2885. 75. C.A. pepararum, L. vy. S., quibusdam annis pervulgatum in foliis petiolisque Violae pedatae Bethl. C. maculis minutissimis valde elevatis et pro ratione crassis purpurascentibus, fere undique tectis pseudoperidiis majusculis subaltis, subcy lindricis. Sporidiis pallidis. "2886. 76. C. A. sacirratom, L. v. S., in foliis Violae sagittatae Beth]. Vix idem. €. maculis purpureis, sed lutescentibus in aversa pagina. Pseudoperidiis parum elevatis, sine ordine sparsis in maculis bullatis, pallidis. Sporidiis concoloribus. e - 2887. 77. C. A. rumryatum, L. v. S., Syn. Car. nitens, 458, etiam frequens in Pennsylvania in Rubo. Folia quae cum tota planta ab hoc Aecidia infestantur (semper quidem ejusdem anni) omnino de- generata. 2888. 78. C. A. Poporuyiiatom, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 435. Linkius ob verba mea inaccurata in Syn. Car.—‘‘ sporidiis bilocularibus,” inserta Calami lapsu, ex descriptione Pucciniae Podophylli—fungi omnino alius—hoe Aecidium, omnium ingentissimum inter Puccinias locavit perperam. Occurrit saepe nostrum, maculis crassis bullatis, et folia lata Podophylli torta et deformata reddens—diametro 4—6 unciali. Pseudoperidiis in centro locatis, parum elevatis densissime stipatis, satis magnis. ct innumeris, Margine autem maculae semper sterili. Sporidia non bilocularia sunt. *2889. 79. C.A. venus, L. v. S., in foliis Eupatorii ageratoidis rarius, Bethl. C. macula lutescenti, evanescente, tenuissima. Pseudoperidiis sparsis, parum elevatis, sed, quod peculiare, in ambabus paginis prorumpentibus—clausis in superiori, apertis in inferiori. Sporidiis pallidis. "2890. 80. C. A. Evrnonsisz uyrenicirorier, L.y.S., in foliis E. hypericifoliae frequens Salem et Bethl. Non est idem cum C. euphorbiatum Lk. nec folia degenerata reddit. C. maculis parvis, ime purpureis in pagina superiori, lutescentibus in inferiori. Pseudoperidiis aggre- gatis subconice elevatis et quasi excavatis. Sporidiis aurantiis, *2891. 81. C. A. Housroniarum, L. y. S., rarius, sed ubi inyénitur copiosissime in foliis caulinis et pedunculis Houstoniae coeruleae, Bethl. ' €. sine distincta macula. Pseudoperidiis elevatis pallidis subconicis, apice contracto, et quasi exca- yato, Sporidiis aurantiacis. Infecta et sudegenerata planta tamen floret. Vou. IV.—3 ¥ 294 SYNOPSIS OF *9892, 82. C. A. CrayTontatum, L. vy. S., in C. virginicae ex New York. Dr Torrey communicavit. C. fere simplex et sine macula, occupans tota folia. Pseudoperidiis latis sparsis. Sporidiis aurantiacis. +2898. 83. C. A. Prrozarum, L. v. S., in pagina aversa foliorum Pyrolae rotundifoliae. Dr Torrey. C. emaculata. Pseudoperidiis sparsis, totum folium occupantibus sed non transformantibus, pulvinato- elevatis pallidis aut aurantiis cum sporidiis. His demum excussis, linquuntur cayitates pezizomor- phae in folio. *2894. 84. C. A, Mynicatum, L. v. S., in foliis et praesertim in petiolis Myricae ceriferae mihi commu- nicatae ex New York ab amicissimo Dr Torrey. C. maculis in petiolis valde intumescentibus atropurpureis, in siccis nigris ex quibus propullant crebra pseudoperidia, majuscula, latius aperta, brunnea, sporidiis lutescentibus repleta. *2895. 85. C. A. Osmunpatum, L. y. S., in frondibus Osmundae spectabilis inyenit et communicayit Torrey, sed siccitate tam destructum ut non possit rite describi: species tamen evidenter distincta, sporidiis ferrugineis. *2896. 86. C. A. Prratom, L. y. S. rarius in foliis Pyri coronariae Bethl. Omnino non idem cum C. Roesteliti. C. maculis in pagina superiori orbiculatis, rubris in ambitu ochraceis, centro nigrescentibus. Inaversa pagina apparent pseudoperidia creberrima, subconcentrica, parum tantum elevata margine eleganter multifido-fimbriato; fimbriis rectis, nullimodo revolutis, divergentibus, pallidis. Sporidiis fuscis. *2897. 87. C.A. sampucratum, L.v. S., Syn. Car. 441, frequens in petiolis et foliis Sambuci canadensis, etiam Bethlehem. Diagnosis ulterior sequens. C. maculis intumescentibus saepe maximis (i. e. 2 uncialibus) in petiolis, pallescentibus. Pseudoperidiis magnis, crebris elevatis, aurantiacis aut pallidis, margine fusco. Sporidiis aurantiofulvis, decolo- rantibus. In foliis omnia multo minora—pseudoperidiis densim aggregatis. 2898, 88. C. A. Urticatom, Lk.n. 169. Syn. Car. 436, in Urtica rarissime. Salem, etiam ibidem in Cynoglosso amplexicaule. y. Suscex. ROESTELIA AUT CERATITES. 2899. 89. C. R. Cylindrites, Lk.n. 172. Syn. Car. 432, sub hoc nomine complectuntur sequentia Caeomata specie forsan separanda. 2.C. Crataegi punctatae, pseudoperidiis divergentibus fibrosis, medio intumescentibus—albidis. Penn- sylvania. 8. C. Crataegi arborescentis maculis parvis rubris pseudoperidiis non fibrosis, difformibus fuscorubris. Prope Fayetteville Carolinae. y. C. Oxyacanthae maximum, valde frequens prope Philadelphia in saepibus. 4. C. Mali in foliis Pyri mali et coronariae, maculis parvis sed effusis. Pseudoperidiis minutis. 2900. 90. C. R. Roestelites, Lk.17S. Aecid. cancellatum, Syn. Car. 453. Bethlehemis est pomarium antiquum, gaudens arboribus Pyri mali ingentibus. Sero autumno pluria folia horum arborum per 6—7 annos, ita tecta vidi ab hoc fungo, ut e longinquo folia rubra videntur. 2901. 91. C.R. Fraxrirss, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 430, Lk. 170, Aecidium frasini. Potius huc locandum, passim Beth. in fraxinis foliis. 2902. 92. C. R. Borrrariress, L. y. S., rarissime obvium in foliis Aroniae botryapium Bethlehem; sed ubi occurrit—satis frequens. C. omnino distinctum—macula flavescent; ochracea satis effusa. In aversa pagina observantur pseu- doperidia centralia aggregata ut tuberculi, globosa, luteoyviridia, primum obtuse conica et quasi clausa, demum subaperta et in ore multo-fimbriata, fimbriis spadiceis flexuosis. Sporidiis parcis umbrinis. Pseudoperidiis paucis, imo interdum unico. é. Suncex. PERIDERMIUM. 2903. 95. C. P. Pineum, Lk. 175, Syn. Car. 456. In Pennsylvania prope Philadelphia et alibi non rarum. Specimina ampla, pedalia, in ipso trunco Pini inopis mihi obvia, analogon pacheeeons Gym- nosporangis Juniperini. "2904. 94. C. P. cenmrnate, L. y. S., rarissime in germinibus Rosse. Clarissimus Collins mihi commu- nicavit. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 295 C. pseudoperidiis longissimis, cylindraceis, subcompressis demum candidis, fimbriatis, fimbriis ad fundum fissis subsolutis. Sporidiis effusis pallidis. Pseudoperidia orientia ex foveolis in germine, sine ulla macula, saepe tres lineae longa sunt. Genus 212. Puccrnza. Lk. et Dicaeoma, Fr. 2905. 1. P. Graminis, Lk. n. 1, Syn. Car. 492, Vulgatissima etiam Pennsylvaniae in graminibus. *2906. 2. P. striola, Lk. n. 2, in variis Cyperaceis et graminibus Bethlehem. 2907. 3. P. Anunprnaniag, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 487, Lk. p. 68, in nota, Optima segues etiam in Miegia (Arundinaria) culta in Horto Bartrami Philad. *2908. 4. P. punctum, Lk. n. 3,in Caricibus et Scirpis, Bethl. *2909. 5. P. Scirpi, Lk. n. 4, in variis Scirpis, Bethl. *2910. 6. P. Soncut, L. vy. S., frequens in foliis Sorghi et Zeae cultae, Bethl. P. emaculata. Acervis latis difformibus varie lobatis, primum epidermide tectis, demum denudatis sed in margine cinctis et tum epidermide lacerata Acervis saepe etiam, quasi versus centrum internum lobatis—2—4 lineas longis latisque. Majores acerviad nervos foliorum occurrunt, Sporidiis aterri- mis grossis, breviter pedicellatis. “2911. 7. P. Anpnorost, L. v. S., frequentissima autumno in foliis culmisque etiam vaginis yariarum specierum Andropogi, Bethl. P. maculis obliteratis, acervis dense aggregatis, elevatis, fuscis, obtusis, linearibus, abbreviatis. Spori- diis fuscis. Quanquam non confluit, tamen fere tota folia occupat. *2912. 8. P. pmacutamTa, L. v. S., passim in foliis Panicorum, praesertim Panici pubescentis in campis Bethl. et Philad. P. omnino emaculata; primum acervis totis tectis rarioribus sparsis erumpentibus; demum saepe con- fluentibus, minutis, abbreviatis, angustis, parallelis, utrinque plerumque acuminatis. Sporidiis aterrimis, minoribus; aquae immersis, fuscescentibus. *2913. 9. P. Juncr, L. v. S. in culmis J. effusi, Bethl. freq. P. vix maculata; acervis irregularibus prorumpentibus epidermide subtectis, latiusculis, applanatis. Spo- ridiis grossis nigrofuscis. *2914. 10. P. Wryvsortaz, L. vy. S., in foliis Windsoriae (Poae) quinquedentatae, Bethl. _ P. maculis lutescentibus, demum eyvanidis. Aceryulis longis, linearibus, undulatis, prominulis, ex epidermide prorumpentibus, non confluentibus. Sporidiis compactis e purpureo-atrofuscis, longe pedicellatis. | "2915. 11. P. Zizantaz, L. vy. S., in foliis dejectis Zizaniae. Kaign’s point prope Philad. P. emaculata, minuta, primum tecta, demum lineatim prorumpens epidermide in ambitu aceryulorum persistente, acervis elongatis, abbreviatis, atris, luce obversis, fuscescentibus. Sporidiis]axis, circum circa saepe sparsis, breviter pedicellatis, tenuibus, et multo minoribus quam in affinibus speciebus. 2916. 12. P. Smrracts, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 494, etiamin Pennsyly. 2917. 13. P. Polygonorum, Lk. n. 6, Syn. Car. 488, in P. pennsylvanico, et P. virginico etiam Penn. *2918. 14. P. concenrnica, L. v. S., frequentissima sub finem autumni in foliis semivivis et emortuis P. coccineae, Bet P. maculis maximis, confluentibus ruberrimis in pagina superiori, pallidioribus in aversa. Acervulis creberrimis concentrice in his aggregatis, primum subsolidis, nigronitentibus, demum sporidiis solutis minutis fusco-nigris, Verisimiliter est P. Polygoni amphibii Decandollei—sed certissime specifice diversa ab antecedente. *2919. 15. P. puntata, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 501, Lk. n. 8. In Pennsylvania obvia ingens, bi- imo triun- cialis, in caulibus prasertim Vernoniae novaeboracensis. "2920. 16. P. Pycnanruemt, L. v. S., satis affinis P. Clinopodii, in P. incano frequens, Bethl. P. maculis purpureis minutis persistentibus. Acervulis paryis, fuscis. Sporidiis laxis longe pedi- cellatis. "2921. 17. P. compositarum, Lk. n. 19, vulgata Bethlehem an in caulibus et foliis Cnicorum aut ‘ Cirsiorum (P. caulincola) emortuorum. *2922. 18. P. maculosa, Straus. Bethl. passim in foliis Prenanthis aut Hieracii. Omnino distincta a priore maculis latis albis, sporidiis multo pallidioribus. 296 SYNOPSIS OF 2923. 19. P. Hexrantnorvm, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 495, Lk. p. 74, bene distincta—frequens in variis Helianthis et Pennsyly. maxime evoluta in emortuis foliis. In H. tuberosa culta, tota plerumque folia occupat aversa pagina. 2924. 20. P. Hextorsivis, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 493, Lk. p- 74, et Pennsylvania—optime distincta. 2925. 21. P. Verpestnar, L. y. S., Syn. Car. 496, Lk. p. 74, nondum in Pennsylvania—bona species. #2926. 22. P. Vernontaz, L. v. S., ‘vulgatissima in Vernoniis Bethl. P. emaculata. Acervis pulvinatis Sr et colore sporidiorum amoene ferrugineo differt ab P. He- lianthi. Occurrit etiam interdum in Helianthis. 2927. 23. P. Xanruarr, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 500, Lk. n. 23. Etiam frequens in Xanthii foliis in Penn- sylvania. Pulchra ete longinquo conspicua. Acervis plerumque concentricis, et in centro macu- lae aggregatis. *2928. 24. P. Herent, L. v. S., rarior sed egregia in foliis Helenii autumnalis, Bethl. P. maculis flavo-lutescentibus expansis. Acervis pulvinatis sparsis et invicem approximatis, conyexis, primum brunneis, demum eleganter castaneis. Sporidiis satis grossis compactis. *9999. 25. P. Siren, L. v. S., ex Carolina missa in foliis S. Trifoliati ab amico Denke. P. maculis minoribus purpureis. Acervis crassis pulvinatis, confluentibus, aggregatis, nigris. Spori- diis compactis concoloribus. *2930. 26. P. Asrrnts, L. v. S., formosa species frequens in foliis A. paniculatae Bethl. P. maculis bullato-impressis, luteis, non valde expansis. Acervulis creberrimis, subconcentrice sitis, eleganter fuscis. Sporidiis sulaxis concoloribus. #2951. 27. P. Kuanras, L. y. S., vulgata in foliis Kuhniae, Bethlehem. P. absque ulla macula. Acervis amphigenis pulvinatis densim aggregatis, nigrofuscis. Sporidiis ma- jusculis laxis, longe pedicellatis. An Phragmidium? *2932. 28. P. rnvestiva, L. v. S., frequens observata cum Aecidio gnaphalitatum in foliis tomentosis Gnaphalii polycephali. Beth]. Tomento omnino inyoluta. P. absque macula; acervulis minutis sparsis subrotundis nigerrimis, vix initio per tomentum conspicuis, interdum etiam aggregato-confluentibus. Sporidiis compactis, aterrimis. Acervulorum superficie quasi rugulosa. 2933. 29. P. Gaui, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 499, Lk. p. 76, rara species sed satis distincta—non Sclerotium. *2034. 30. P. Mrrrats, L. v. S., in foliis et caulibus Myrrhis procumbentis, Bethl. e P. emaculata. Acervis crebris minutis, sadernaly rupta cinctis, pulvinatim applanatis. Sporidiis laxissimis luteofuscis. *2935. 31. P. Bullaria, Lk. n. 32, in caulibus Hyssopi nepetoidis rara, Bethl. : #9936. 32. P. anemones, Lk. n. 33, in foliis A. quinquefoliae rarissima obyia, sed distinctissima, Bethl. 2937. 33. P. soxma, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 486. Anem. virginian., frequens in foliis Anemones vir- ginianae; Salem et Bethl. P. emaculata. Acervis sparsis, majusculis, tam compactis ut solida se exhibeant, nigris. Sporidiis demum subsolutis. Acervi dispersi per totum folium, primum lutescunt et quasi impressi sunt. 2938. 34. P. circaeae, Lk. 43, Syn. Car. 491, vulgaris et. Bethl. - 2939. 35. P. acureara, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 489. P. podophylli, etiam vulgaris in Podophyllo. Ob sporidia aculeata optime distincta. * 2940. 36. P. LesPEpEZAE PRocUMBENTIS, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 497, Lk. p. 83, species eximia et in Pennsylvania. 2941. 37. P. LespepEzar viotaceak, L.y. S., Syn. Car. 498, Lk. p. 83, multo frequentior in L, vio- lacea quam L. polystachia, etiam Novae Cesareae. *9049. 38. P. Puaszoxr TRrILoBI, L. v.S., in foliis P. trilobi ex New York missis. Affinis videtur P. fabae. P. acervulis minutis, hypogenis, epidermide subtectis. Sporidiis nigris, macula nulla. *2943. 39. P. Fabae, Lk. n. 45, in foliis V. fabae, Nazareth. "2944, 40, P. Hyssorr, L. v. S., in foliis H. scrophulariaefolii, Beth]. passim. P. maculis lutescentibus effusis. Acervis aggregatis compactis, fuscis, quasi circinatis et undulatim inter se confluentibus, primum nigrescentibus, parvulis sed copiosim in folio eccurrentibus. Sporidiis fuscis, demum laxioribus. ~ . NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. = 297 . *2945. 41. P. Porentitrar, L. v. S., non Phragmidium, Lk. in foliis exsoletis P. canadensis aversa pagina, Bethl. P. acervis minutis. Sporidiis fuscis demum nigris prorumpentibus, breyipedicellatis. Macula fere evanida. "2046. 42. P. Arr rrtrayctt, L. y. S., in pagina aversa foliorum A. triphylli, Bethl. P. maculis pallidis, latissimis, in margine foliorum. Acervis majusculis, saepe confluentibus, primum tectis ab epidermide, mox rupta. Sporidiis brunneofuscis, laxim affixis et Urediniformibus—sed tamen vera Puccinia. + Genus 213. PuHragMipium. Memorabile dictu, nunquam Phragmidium mihi obyium in foliis Rosarum aut Ruborum Americae, sed sequens species vulgatissima ad Phragmidia pertinet sine dubio. 2947. 1. P. Hepysant, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 503, frequens occurrit in foliis H. paniculati et aliorum, Bethlehem et Salem. P. acervulis minutis sed crebris per totum folium sparsis, epidermide innatis. Sporidiis longe pedi- cellatis, pedicello articulato, pellucido, ceterum opacis, oyatis, obtusis, non cylindricis, obscure sep- tatis, nee articulato-constrictis, fusco-nigris. Genus 214. Spinocara. *2948. 1. S. fructigena aut Pomi, Lk. p. 86, n. 1. Non vara in pomis “ Newton Pippin,” New York et Bethl. - "2949. 2. S. Scirpi, Lk. n. 2, in Scirpoacuto, Hope, Jersey, et Philadelphia. 2950. 3. S,concenrnrica, L. y. S.,incortice Peponum putridorum, Bethl, Optime aut evyoluta mense Octobri prope Philadelphia in talibus. S. maculis aterrimis fere totam corticem sub epidermide occupans, acervis inter se confluentibus, demum epidermide eleganter quasi in pluribus circulis concentricis rumpente-subundulatis, in conspectum veniunt massae nigrae subsiccae, conglutinatae ex sporidiis pellucidis cylindricis minutis, non sep- tatis. Macula quaeque diametro gaudet subunciali. Genus 215. Sepraria. *2951. 1. S. Ulmi, Lk. p. 87, n. 1, in foliis Ulmi fulvae Bethl. acervis majusculis compactis, amphige nis. Saepe occurrit, sed rarissime mihi obvia bene eyoluta, *2952. 2. S. Oxyacanthae, Lk. n. 2, in foliis Pyri, Bethlehem. 2953. S$. S. ntericans, L.y. S., Lk. p. 83, nota, Syn. Car. 513. Stilbospora epiphyllum. Procul dubio huc pertinet. Vulgatissima et Beth1. in foliis castanearum. Genus 216. Hyroprrmium, Lk. Schizoderma, F. S. V. p. 194. *2954. 1. H. sparsum, Lk. p. 88,n. 1, in foliis Abietis nigrae in Horto Prince, New York. *2955.. 2. H. sulcigenum, Lk. n. 2, in foliis P. inopis, Jersey. *2956. 3. H. errusum, L. vy. S., in foliis Pini Strobi dejectis, Bethl. H. acervis tenuibus effusis, folium plerumque transyersim maculantibus, nigrofuscis. Genus 217. Mertanconrum. , 2957. 1. M. ovatum, Lk. p. 90, n.1, non rarum cum varietate pyriforme in corticibus, Bethlehem et Carol. Stilbospora ovata, 509. Vout. IV.—3 Z 298 , SYNOPSIS OF . *2958. 2. M. apiocarpum, Lk. n. 2. In ramulis putridis, Bethl. *2959. $. M. ovoideum, Lk. n. 3, in ramis passim, Bethl. *2960. 4. M. effusum, Lk. n, 4, in cortice Pruni hiemalis, ibid. 2961. 5. M. sphaerospermum, Lk. n. 6, Syn. Car. Stilbosp. 512, etiam in Horto Bartrami, Philad. 2962. 6. M. sphaeroideum, Lk. n.7, Syn. Car., Stilbosp.510, et Bethlehem in junioribus ramulis. *2963. 7. M. conglomeratum, Lk. n. 9, in ramis Mori albae Bethlehem. *2964. 8. M. viscosum, L. v. S., in ramulis emortuis Robiniae yviscosae frequens et cum illis viscosa, Nazareth in horto. M. acervis sporidiorum proyvectiori aetate cum epidermide assurgentibus, sphaeriaemorphis, et quasi poro centrali apertis, quamvis expertis ullius veri perithecii, sed epidermide solummodo inclusis. Spori- diis cylindrico-oyatis effusis demum per viscositatem ramuli, subpellucidis non septatis. *2965. 9. M. Sassarras, L. vy. S., in junioribus ramis caesorum arborum Lauri Sassafras, totam epider- midem circumcirca fuligineo-fusco colore tingens, Bethl. M. acervulis globosis, cum epidermide assurgentibus ut tubercula sparsa, demum ruptis, et longe lateque spargentibus sporidia opaca ovata. *2966. 10. M. crisrum, L. v. S., in ramis et stipitibus Rubi Idaei Hortor., Bethl. M. acervulis minutis, atris, prorumpentibus ex epidermide, demum disco applanato. Sporidiis minu- tissimis globosis, subpellucidis, colore griseo epidermidem tingentibus, in quam sparguntur denique. *2967. 11. M. Dorarpera, L. v. S., in variis ramis praesertim Mori, Bethl. Distinctissima. M. acervulis majoribus prorumpentibus, epidermide cinctis, disco aut superficie undulatim tubercu- losa—Dothideam Sambuci referentibus, aterrimis, compositis sub microscopio ex Sporidiis majusculis, pellucidis non septatis, cylindricis, apice utrinque rotundato, fuligineis. *2968. 12. M. rruncarum, L. y. S., in epidermide Sambuci canadensis passim, Bethl. M. acervulis minoribus, sphaeriaemorphis, prorumpentibus ex epidermide, apice truncatis, aterrimis, demum subrotundis, effusis. Sporidiis pro ratione majoribus, ovatis et subdifformibus fuscis. Affine M. conglomerato. Gregarium quidem, sed non confluens. ; *2969. 13. M. perrrHecratum, L. v. S., increscit ipso ligno denudato passim, Bethl. M. referens Sphaeriam udam. Ligno impositos acervos, aggregatos efformans; e pseudoperitheciis pluribus conicis aut irregularibus compositi sunt acervuli, quasi acutim interdum ostiolatis, demum pertusis, saepe lineatim confiuentibus. Aqua immersa, tota massa diffluit in Sporidia majora globosa aut ovata, nigro-fuscescentia non septata, nec vestigium adest pseudoperithecii. Nota.—Acutissimus Linkius summo jure de nostris fungis in Syn. Car. 506 et 511, sub nomine Stil- bosporae maximae, et S. pulvinatae an verae Stilbosporae i. e. Melanconia dubitat. S. maxima videtur yerum Exosporium Linkii, et S. pu/vinata nil est quam Monilia fusconigra hujuslibelli. Non rite intellexi olim Genus Stilbosporum. Genus 218. Dipymosporium. *2970. 1. D. complanatum, Lk. p. 93, n. 1, in ramis dejectis passim, Bethl. Eximium in Hyperici frondosi ramis. *9971. 2. D. elevatum, Lk. n. 2, in cortice betulino, Salem et Bethl. #2972. 3. D. rezizoipeum, L. y. S., passim occurrit in cortice putrido ramorum Mori albae, gregarie crescens, Bethl. An noyum genus? D. Sporidochio pezizoideo, marginato, cinereo-atro; in acervis densim aggregatis, et epidermide stellatim rupta cinctis. Disco 1—2 lineari diametro, impresso. Forma aceryulorum cum sporido- chio quasi angulata, ob mutuam pressionem. Juniore aetate sporidochium undique sporidiis crebris nigris, uniseptatis onustum. Denique sporidia fere coalescunt cum sporidochio indurato et subcor- neo intus, sectione, albido. Ad pedalem longitudinem aggregati acervi ambiunt ramos. Cum cortice fibroso faciliter evelli possunt. *2973. 4. D. Cxxris, L. y. S., in ramis valde corruptis Celtis occidentalis, Bethl. D. sporidochiis subfasciculatim fere ut ostiola Sphacriarum circumscriptarum et cortice prominentibus, difformibus, nigris. Sporidiis compactis, didymis, utringue subacutis, fuscescente-nigris creberrime profluentibus, lignum et corticem inquinantibus. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 299 *2974. 5. D. errusum, L. v. S., incortice suberoso putrido Ulmi fulvae, Bethl. D. Sporidochiis subelongato-oyatis, convexis, sub Hysteriomorphis, interdum rotundatis, disco im- pressis, nigris, plerumque prorumpentibus ac confluentibus, epidermide cinctis, sed etiam omnino liberis. Sporidiis copiosis pellucidis, didymis profluentibus, lateque effusis. *2075. 6. D. ernumprns, L. y. S., in ramis Celastri per epidermidem erumpens, Bethl. D. sporidochiis ovato-ellipticis, erampentibus epidermide cinctis, disco impresso et passim colliculoso: saepe confluentibus et aterrimis. Sporidiis crebris, oblongis, didymis. Sporidochio 1—2 lineari. *2976. 7.D. mixutissrmum, L. v. S., vulgaris in cortice Populi italicae et Platani, Bethl. D. sporidochiis in acervis minutissimis longe lateque ex epidermide more Sphaeriarum erumpentibus nigris, epidermide subtectis, subglobosis. Sporidiis minutissimis globosis sed uniseptatis aut quasi ex duobus hemisphaeris. *2977. 8. D. acuminatum, L. vy. S., non rarum in cortice juniore ramorum Betulae, Bethl. D. sporidochiis in acervis minutis subcorticalibus transversim prorumpentibus. Sporidochio intus albo spurio. Sporidiis didymis crebris utrinque acuminatis. Structura interna non dissimilis D, elevato, sed multo minor. *2978. 9. D. Carycanrat, L. y. S., passim in ramulis Calycanthi emortui, Bethl. D. acervis elliptico-difformibus, confluentibus, longitudinaliter erumpentibus, epidermide cinctis. Sporidochio irregulari, subconvexo, applanato, fusco-nigro. Sporidiis oblongis, utrinque subacutis, didymis. *2979. 10. D. conricatez, L. vy. S., tenuissime effusum in cortice glabrato Rhois, Bethl. D. acervulis tenuissimis applanatis, plerumque orbiculatis insuper sporidochiis spuriis minutis, tuber- » culos referentibus. Sporidiis didymis, nigris, quasi ex duobus globulis. N.B. D. Hedysari, L.v. S., Syn. Car. 505, nullimodo hujus loci est. Genus 219. Astrosporium. Kz.,S. V. F. p. 192. 2980. 1. A. vulgare, Kunz. in Regensb. Bot. Zeit. 1810, p. 225 et Syn. Car. n. 507. Fungum distinc- tissimum in Carolina repertum, nondum in Pennsylvania observavi. Genus 220. SrriBospora. 2981. 1. S. macrospora, Lk. p. 95, n. 1, Syn. Car. 508 et Bethl. #2982. 2. S. angustata, Lk. n. 2, in cortice ramorum Quercus non frequens, prope Nazareth. #2985. 5. S. quapriserrara, L. v. S., copiosim propullans ex epidermide majorum ramorum et trunci Platani occidentalis caesi nec jam corrupti, Bethl. ; S. acervis primum sub epidermide inde varioloso-bullata effusis, sporidochio spurio nigro centrali; de- mum prorumpentibus et circa circum sub epidermide et in ea spargentibus magnam copiam spori- diorum subconglutinatorum. Sporidiis oblongis, fuligineis, semipellucidis, eleganter quadriseptatis, aut quasi ex quatuor globulis internis conformatis. *2984. 4. S. murriserrara, L. y. S., rara, inramis querneis obyia, distinctissima, prope Naz. S. acervis in cortice satis effusis, parum elevatis; sporidochio peritheciato cortice ime ad lignum usque immerso, subsphaeriaemorpho, et quasi evacuato, post effluxum sporidiorum. Sporidiis magnis lineari-subulatis, utrinque incurvis acuminatis, multiseptatis, et lignum aut corticem inquinantibus, _ ceterum aterrimis subpellucidis. *2985. 5. S. Sraruyeaz, L.v. S., frequens in junioribus ramulis Staphyleae, Bethl. S. acervis minoribus, rotundatis, nidulantibus sub epidermide elevata; demum rima dehiscente pro- fluunt crebra sporidia, cano-fusca, subpellucida, elongato-elliptica, utrinque subacuta, multiseptata. Acervis ceterum gregarie sparsis, nunierosis. Genus 221. CryprTosporium. *2986. 1. C. atrum, Lk. p. 96, n. 1, passim in culmis graminum, Bethl. 300 SYNOPSIS OF *2987. 2. C. aurantiacum, Lk. n. 2, in receptaculis Zinniarum in Hortis mihi obvium, Bethl. *2988. 3. C. Psrupoacacrar, L. y. S., an hujus generis? In foliis Robiniae, Bethl. C. aceryulis 1—2 linearibus, rotundis, parum eleyatis nigris, maculam efficientibus, superficie quasi punctulatis. Aquae immersum, solyitur in sporidia minutissima fusca. Insuper folium nec sub epi- dermide crescit. Genus 222. Fusrprum. *2989. 1. F. aurewm, Lk. p. 97,n. 4. Rarum, in Sclerodermate putrido obyium in monte Pocono. #2990. 2. F. Buwi, Lk. n. 3, non infrequens in foliis Buxi, Bethlehem. *2991. 3. F. grisewm, Lk. n. 1, non rarum—in foliis aridis Quercuum, Bethl. *2992. 4. F. cazsium, L. y. S., satis frequens in emortuis foliis Castanearum, Bethl. F. acervis late effusis tenuibus, caesiis. Sporidiis laxiter affixis, longiusculis, fusiformibus vix septatis. "2992. 5. F. renurssimum, L. vy. S., occurrit passim in foliis deciduis quercinis, Bethl. F. aceryis tenuissimis late effusis, griseis aut cinereis. Sporidiis fusiformibus, cinereis, minutissimis, non septatis, Folia quasi pruina tenuissima afflata sese ostendint. *2993. 6, F. rrmerminis, L. v. S., rarius in epidermide glabro ramorum, Bethl. F. acervis majusculis, subdeterminatim orbiculatis, confluentibus, candido-lacteis, demum pallescentibus. Sporidiis compactis fusiformibus. “2994. 7. F. Fanrna, L. y.S., late effusum in epidermide non corrupta, Salem. F. acervis longe lateque effusis, candidissimis, indeterminatis, crassiusculis, farinam densim instratam mentientibus. Sporidiis subcompactis, fusiformibus, septatis, uno apice sensim incrassatis. *2995. 8. F. Fumaco, L. y. S., late effusum in foliis vigentibus Ribidis, Nazareth. F. acervis effusis, aterrimis, omnino Cladosporium Fumago reyocantibus. Sed lente adhibita, com- positi sunt, ex innumeris nudis atris pellucidis sporidiis, brevibus fusiformibus curvatis, obscure sep- tatis, utrinque interdum subacutis, interdum obtusatis, Genus 223. Crrarosporium. L. V. 8S. Novum Genus. Sporidia majuscula (3 lin.) clayata, pluribus basi coalitis, quasi cornu damae assurgentia, fusca, splendentia sicca opaca, madida subpellucida, multiseptata, aut pluria granula quasi in sporangiolo pellucido inclusa exhibentia. *2996. 1. C. ruscrscens, L. y. S., in epidermide corrupta Rhois typhinae et glabrae et insuper Sphaerias ejusdem fasciculatim crescit, Bethl. . C. longe lateque effusum. Sporidiis basi coalitis, interdum quasi ex horizontali trunco, clayatis, saepe flexuosis, apice subattenuatis. Genus 224. Myxosporium. 2997. 1. M. crocewm, Lk. p. 99, Syn. Car. 293, sub nomine Nemasporacrocea. Vulgatum etiam Bethl. in ramis, Fagineis, Betulinis, &c. Genus 225. Cxasrerisporrum. L. V. S., Novum Genus. Sporidiis maximis, simplicibus, falciformibus, brevi-pedicellatis, teretibus, multiseptatis, aut quasi in spo- rangiolo pellucido pluria granula complectentibus; primum opacis, demum pellucidis, atrofuscis cum nitore- Quasi Coryneum non conjunctum. *2998. 1. C. canicrnum, L. y. S., valde frequens autumno n foliis majorum Caricum, v. c. C. lacustri, &c. Bethlehem. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 391 C. acervis minoribus ac majoribus, effusis, saepe ad bi vel triuncialem longitudinem confluentibus occupat folia, omnino ceterum libere impositis nec ullimodo innatis, nigrofuscis. Sporidiis tam maximis, ut nudo oculo distinguentur sibi indeterminatim incumbentibus ingenti copia, Pedicello pellucido. Apice sporidiorum obtuso. SeriesII. TuspercuLarint. Genus 226. TusperRcuLARIA. 2999. 1. T. vulgaris, Lk. p. 99, n. 1, Syn. Car. 295, ubique. *3000. 2. T. lutescens, Lk. n. 2, in ramis Araliae, Bethl. $001. 3. T. minor, Lk. n. 3, frequens in Castaneis, Syn. Car. 298, etiam Bethl. *3002. 4. T. mutabilis, Lk. n. 4, in Mori ramulis, Bethl. 3003. 5. T. granulata, Lk. 5, Syn. Car. 296, frequens et Bethl. $004. 6. T. pupra, L. v. S., Syn. Car. nigrescens 301, Lk. n. 7, non rara in yariis ramis et Bethlehem. Colore atro bene distincta. Sporidia aquae immersa diffluunt ut in ceteris. , "3005. 7. T. floccosa, Lk. 8, in Rhois typhinae ram., Bethl. *3006. 8S. T. nigricans, Lk. 9, in lignis emortuis Litiz. *3007. 9. T. ciliata, Lk. 10, (non Syn. Car. 300) in ligno carioso etin ramulis Vitis, Bethlehem. *3008. 10. T. liceoides, Lk. n. 11, in duro caule Brassicae, Bethlehem. *3009. 11. T. herbarum, Lk. n. 12, in caulibus emortuis Artemisiae emortuae, Bethl. *3010. 12. T. menispermi, Lk. n. 13, in ramis Menispermi et aliorum sarmentosorum Fruticum, Bethl. *3011. 13. T.carmentorum, Lk. p. 104,in Zea Bethl. Stratum sporidiorum vidi—et sine dubio est hujus loci. *3012. 14. T. pusilla, Fries. et Kunze, minutissima, in junioribus ramulis tenerrimis, Bethl. #3013. 15. T.exztzoinsa, L. y. S., amicissimus Dr Torrey ex New York misit speciem valde mirabilem —in ramis populinis? T. Sporidochiis, fasciculatim confluentibus, maximis, pezizoideis, undulato-plicatis, ex epidermide pro- rumpentibus et ad uncialem longitudinem irregulariter confluentibus, pede crasso suffultis, substan- tia indurato-cornea, strato sporidifero compacto incarnato purpureo, subnitente, sed superficie sub- pruinosa. Intus albescunt et aetate subpulverulenta evyadunt sporidochia. Talis cupula non con- fluens diametrum plus quam bilinearem habet et Pezizam margine obtuso, undulato plicato disco refert. #3014. 16. T. suprepicerrara, L. vy. S.,in ramis emortuis Lycii hortorum obvia, Bethl. T. Sporidochiis, minutis pallide lateritiis, longiuscule pedicellatis, epidermide circum pedicellum ele- yato, capitulo aequali ex epidermide protuberante globoso. Pedicello quasi linea rubra a capitulo separato. Strato sporidifero, ruguloso, #3015. 17. T. Cxxtasrrzi, passim copiosim propullans ex ramis et sarmentis Celastri, Bethlehem. T. Sporidochiis majusculis regularibus, subrotundo-turbinatis, breviter pedicellatis. Strato sporidifero primum fusco, mox atro, intusrubescente. Pedicellis cortici interiori adnatis, arctim ab epidermide cinctis, cinereis. Capitulo impresso, applanato, rugoso, tuberculoso cum strato sporidifero coalito, quod ubi pedicellum intus demum pulveraceo-fatiscentem attinget, linea nigra circumscriptum. *3016. 18. T. prrrormts, L. v. S., in spinis Crataegi cujusdam in Horto Botanico, Philad. T. Sporidochiis prorumpentibus, difformibus, aggregatis et confluentibus, fusconigris, rugosis, Strato sporidifero crassiusculo concolore. Sporidochiis minoribus, intus fusco-ferrugineis. *3017. 19. T. nanvreatis, L. y. S., in efossis radicibus arborum—magna copia, Bethl. T. Sporidochiis multiformibus, majusculis, prorumpentibus ex epidermide radicum, difformibus nem- pe et rotundatis, granuloso-tuberculosis, 2—5 lineari diametro, applanato-depressis et tortis. Strato sporidifero rubro fuscescente, demum nigricante, intus albido. Basi saepe floccosa. Adsunt spo- ' ridochia alia minora, in ipso ligno, convexa nigra et longitudinaliter confluentia. Vou. [V.—4 A 302 SYNOPSIS OF *3018. 20. T.ratiscens, L. y. S., in tenera epidermide ramorum dejectorum, Bethl. T. Sporidochiis minutis, pulvinatis, sessilibus, incarnatis demum exalbescentibus, et fere omnino in pulverem fatiscentibus, intus fuscis et subconfluentibus. Strato sporidifero magis colorato, crassi- usculo. *3019. 21. T. Canycanrat, L. y. S., vulgatissima in ramis Calycanthi in hortis Bethl., satis affinis T. vulgari. T. sporidochiis regularibus, globosis, rubris, magnitudine T. vulgaris, suffultis pedicellis nigrescenti- bus subcupularibus. Strato sporidifero ut in T. vulgari. +3020. 22. T. sunprapnana, L. y. S., rarior in putridis stipitibus Vitis, Bethl. T. Sporidochiis subrotundis, globosisve, primum pallide rubris, subdiaphanis; demum nigricantibus aut fuscescentibus. Strato sporidifero satis crasso. Basi strigoso-floccosa. Aetate demum fatiscit. Genus 227. Fusarium. *3021. 1. F. pallens, Lk. p. 105, n. 1, var. pulvinatum, in cortice ex New York communicayit Dr Torrey. *3022. 2. F. roseum, Lk. n. 2, in caudicibus Araliae spinosae, Bethlehem in hortis cultae. 3023. 3. F. ciliatum, Lk.n. 3, Syn. Car. 300. Tubercularia et Bethlehem obyia in Cucurbitis putri- dis; etiam in germine Rosae putrido. *3024. 4. F. stilbaster,Lk.n. 4. Rarissimum in radiculis mihi obvium, Bethl. Optima species. *3025. 5. F. oxysporum, Lk. n. 5. Vulgare in effoetis leguminibus Phaseoli, Bethl. *3026. 6. F. laleritium, Lk. n. 6, in truncis et ramis, Bethl. 3027. 7. F. heterosporum, Lk. n. 7, Syn. Car, 321. Sclerotium Paspali. Frequens etiam Pennsylvania in seminibus immaturis Paspalorum. *3028. 8. F. prrrvum, L, y. S., in Germania aeque ac Pennsylvania rarius repertum in putridis Malis per hiemem in arbore expositis. F. Sporidochio expanso coccineo, sicco quasi yernicoso, satis crasso—aqua adhibita diffluente in spori- dia minutissima fusiformia. *3029. 9. F. errusum, L. y. S., in ramulis emortuis Hyperici frondosi Hortis, Bethl. F. Sporidochio subgelatinoso, latissime effuso, tenuissimo Thelephoram referente, pallidorubente. Spo- ridiis densissimis fusiformibus ac cylindricis pellucidis. #3030. 10. F. insepratum, L. y. S., in cortice Daphnidis Mezerei emortui, Hort. Bethl. F. Sporidochio yerrucoso, expanso, praesertim transversim sito, lutescenti-rubro, rotundato, margine sublibero. Sporidiis fusiformibus inseptatis pellucidis. #3031. il. F. cocerneum, L. v. S,, in cortice castaneo passim observatum, Nazareth. F, Sporidochiis aggregatis, granulatim tuberculosis, difformibus gelatinosis, coccineis, demum indura- tis, basi expansis in massam quasi Thelephoroideam. Sporidiis globosiusculis, uno latere acutis, mini- mis, diaphanis. Caespites efformat 3 unciales, circum basin floccosas. *3032. 12. F. carirarum, L. y. S, in ligno putrido Pini canadensis prope Factory, Pennsyly. F. sporidochiis induratis, capitato-gyroso-expansis, (ut fere Tremella) ex aurantio rubris, majusculis, subcompresso-stipitatis. Aquae immersa, omnino solyuntur in sporidia majuscula, diaphana, teretia et yermiformia aut flexuosa, apicibus obtusatis. Genus 228. DeERMosporiuM. N.B. D. flavicans, mihi notum ex bonis speciminibus europaeis—nondum in America inyeni. Sequentes novae species autem congeneres esse persuasus sum. “3033. 1. D. pecotorans, L. y. S., rarius ad caules plantarum maximarum y. ¢c. Umbellat., Bethl. D. Sporidochio globoso, sparso, parvo, subapplanato, subpellucido, primum pallido, demum ochraceo. Sporidiis minutissimis globosis, non ita densim instratis ut in D. flavicanti. Pruinam simulant. #3034. 2. D. nosgum, L. y. S., in ligno carioso passim obyium, Beth. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 303 D. duplo minus priori et D, flavicanti. Sporidochiis sparsis, turbinatis, roseo-pellucidis. Sporidiis oblongis ut pruina circum circa inspersis. *3035. 3. D. arrum, L.y. S., ligno denudato increscit plagis pedalibus in trunco Hickory (Carya to- mentosa aut suleata) Nazareth, et truncum quasi nigrescit. Omnino hujus generis. D. Sporidochiis densissime aggregatis, aterrimis, humido tempore autem subfuscescentibus, oblongo- globosis, magnitudine Sphaeriae millegrana, quam refert. Densim undique tecta sunt sporidochia strato sporidiorum concolorum ac vix pellucidorum, sed opacorum. Genus 229. Spnarrosportum. L. V. S., Novum Genus. Sporidochiis obliteratis planiusculis, strato densissimo, pulvinatim eleyato incumbente sporidiorum non simplicised coacervato. Sporidiis majoribus pellucidis, globosis, intus includentibus massam globu- losam, grumosam, opacam. “3036. 1. S. rr6Narr7e,L.y. S., in frustulis majoribus pulveris vaporariae, et in corticibus putridis Quer- cuum, etiam Salicum, Bethl. S. strato pulvinato sporidiorum ex ochraceo rufo—pulyinatim super sporidochium eleyato. AcerviS 2—3 linearibus, aggregatis, ovatis, aut longissime confluentibus. Globulus exterior sporidiorum in aqua, omnino pellucidus; interior subopacus. Sicco tempore tota sporidia tum subangulata, ochracea et opaca deveniunt. Aceryos Bactridii primo obtutu refert. Genus 230. Eprcoccum. *3037. 1. E. nigrum, Lk.p. 107, n. 1 frequens in caulibus, maxima specimina in caule Ricini longe lateque confluentia reperta sunt Bethlehemis, *3038. 2. E. purpurascens, Lk. n. 2, in caulibus Asparagi, Bethl. et perpulchre in culmis Zizaniae, Philadelph. “3039. 3. E. carrercora, L. y. S., frequens in foliis majorum Caricum, Bethl. E. macula stromatica vix ulla. Sporidochiis sparsis applanato-globosis, demum pezizoideis, impressis nigrofuscis. Sporidiis creberrimis subglobosis nigrofuscis, demum folium conspurcantibus. Pune- riforme sese nudo oculo praebet. Genus 231. AEGERITA. 3040. 1. A. candida, Lk. p. 108, n. 1, Syn. Car. 1274, vulgaris ad cortices udos, etiam, Pennsyly. 3041. 2. A. caesia, Syn. Car. 1275, et Bethlehem. Mihi videtur species bona, non rara in lignis siccis. Sporidochiis nempe non globosis, sed ovatulis, multo minoribus, et caesiis. "3042. 3. A. xorescens, L. vy. S., in lignis siccis carie consumptis, Bethl. A. sporidochiis globoso-applanatis, sparsis, majoribus quam A. candidae, lutescentibus. Basi subcon- tracta, "3043. 4. A, ovura, L. y. S., in lignis cariosissimis frequens, et. Salem et Bethl. A. major. Sporidochiis ovalibus ex candido pallidis, densim aggregatis, laxissime affixis, longe lateque aggregatis, interdum difformibus. Exacte referunt congeriem oyulorum insectarum. Sporidia non difficiliter difluentia sub aqua. 804 SYNOPSIS OF Series III. Crpnatorricuer et Scortavet, Fr. Genus 232. Prriconta. Fr. ad sequens Genus. 3044. 1. P. byssoides, Lk. p. 109, n. 1, Syn. Car. 1288, frequens in Paeoniae et Malvacearum caulibus et Pennsylv. 3045. 2. P. subulata, Lk. n. 2, Syn. Car. 1289, P. stemonitis rarior et in Pennsylvania. #3046. 3. P. nana, Lk. n.3. Solummodo obvia mihi in foliis Pini inopis prope Camden Jersey. *3047. 4. P. errpnytta, L. vy. S., in yariis foliis dejectis observata, Bethl. P. sparsa, pluribus tamen approximatis. Sporidochio breviusculo, superne attenuato, nigro. Capitulo pro ratione magno, fusco, globoso. Sporidiis nigris densim inspersis. *3048. 5. P. eraciuis, L. y. S., in putridis capsulis Staphyleae, Bethlehem. P. sparsim crescens. Sporidochio subulato, gracili, nigro. Sporidiis fuscobrunneis in capitulum globosum collectis caducis. Ceterum ex minutissimis, nudo oculo vix detegendis. *3049. 6. P. rascrcunaTa, L. v.S., non infrequens in stipitibus caulibusque Salem et Bethl. P. in maculam epidermide denudatam aggregata. Sporidochiis aterrimis rigescentibus, basi fasiculatim junctis. Capitulis ex aggregatione sporidiorum, nigris subclayatis, compactiusculis sed facillime deciduis. *3050. 7. P. »acurants, L. vy. S., raraad ligna deorbata, Salem et Bethlehem. Huc citanda P. lichen- osa, Syn. Car. 1287. P. Sporidochiis densissime in maculam aggregatis, simplicibus, aterrimis. Sporidiis in capitulum subovale compactum, tenue, deciduum nigrum et subfuscescens collectis, et copiosim sparsis circum circa. "3051. 8. P. nursosa, L. v. S., instipitibus minoribus-ac majoribus, Bethl. P. gregibus vastis, longe lateque aggregata. Sporidochiis simplicibus, longiusculis, nigrocinereis, strictis aut flexuosis, ex bulbo sphaeriaemorpho basilari. Capitulo turbinato, deciduo, subfusces- cente. Genus 233. CrPpHALoTRICHUM. #3052. 1. C. rigescens, Lk. p. 111, n. 1, passim ad ligna y. c. Rhododendri maximi, Bethlehem. 2. C. monilioides, Lk. n. 2, Syn. Car. Isaria 1304, Bethlehem inveni in ingenti trunco Pini cana- ensis a fluminis Lehigh inundatione nobis adportato, per plures annos, plagis ingentibus. oO oo Genus 234. Isarta. 3054. 1. I. crassa, Lk. p. 112, n. 1, Syn. Car. 1295, frequens in chrysalidibus et Pennsylyania—cum var truncat. 1296. 3055. 2. I. Sramncorarna, L.y. S., Lk. n. 5, Syn. Car. 1298, in Phalaena, Bethlehem obyia. 3056. 3. I. pHataneroruina, L. y. S., Syn. Car. aranearum 1299, solummodo in Carolina mihi obvia. *3057. 4. I. arachnophila, Lk. n. 3, rarissime in aranea, Bethlehem. 3058. 5. I. agaricina, Lk. n. 7, Syn. Car. 1297, etiam Bethlehem frequens in Agaricis. 3059. 6. I. epiphylla, Lk. n. 8, Syn. Car. 1300. Frequens in foliis dejectis, et. Bethl. 3060. 7. 1. clavata, Lk. n. 9, in frustro atramenti exsiccati putrido, Bethlehem. *3061. 8. I. bulbosa, Lk. 10. Bethlehem rarissime. *3062. 9. I. hydnoides, Lk. 11. Passim Bethlehem, in truncis. Hydnum calvum, A. et S. *3063. 10. I. glaucocephala, Lk. 12. Bethlehem in ramulis. Optime quadrat cum descriptione Linki, sed nostra multoties major. 3064. 11. 1. wmbrina, Lk. n. 13, Syn. Car. 1301, rarior, et. Bethlehem. "3065. 12. I. furcellata, Lk. n. 15, in asseribus putridis reperta, Bethlehem. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 8305 3066. 13. I. citrina, Lk. n. 14, Syn. Car. 1303, nondum in Pennsylvania observata. "3067. 14. I. runcama, L. v. S., rarissime inyenta ex chrysalidibus foliis tectis excrescens, Bethlehem. I, maxima, 2—3 uncias longa. Sporidochio pallido crassiusculo torto, basin versus glabrato, apice in clavulam furcatam candidam diviso, densim tectam sporidiis pulverulentis, floccis interspersis. "3068. 15. I. n1enipes, L. vy. S., etiam ex chrysalidibus defossis, Salem reperta. I. Sporidochio simplici, altitudine semiunciam aequante; stipite quasi tenui tereti nigro glabro ad dimidium usque tum abiente in clayulam simplicem obtusam, cinereo-albam pulverulentam, saepe falcatam. Sporidiis compactiusculis. *3069. 16. I. carnea, Pers. et Consp. Nisk. etiam Syn. Car. 1302, Link. p. 118, in notis. Nostra Beth- lehemis passim in stipitibus et foliis dejectis—bona species—quam hoc loco describendam coactus sum ob Linkii observationem. I. Sporidochiis minutis fasciculatis, e fasciculis divergentibus quasi stipitibus basi connatis, formatis, pal- lidofuscis, capitulo aut clavula laxissima floccosa. Sporidiis creberrimis eleganter carneo-rubris inter floccos inspersis. Vix semilineam excedit, sed sporidochiorum fasciculis confluentibus, semi- unciam occupantibus. _ *3070. 17. 1. cannina, L. y. S., in ligno putrido passim, Bethl. I. gregalis, minuta, 4 linearis, erecta, subfasciculata, sed saepius simplex. Sporidochiis rectis albis, clayula fere ad basin extensa, cylindrica, ex aggregatione Sporidiorum majusculorum candidorum, subpedicellatorum, quibus laxim obsitaest. Stipite igitur brevi suffulta videtur. "3071. 18. I. cronosa, L. y. S., locis ericetosis in Rhododendretis ad terram, Bethl. I. Sporidochio stipitiforme crassiusculo firmo, 1 lin. longo, in capitulum globosum crassum dilatato. Stipite carneoluteo. Capitulo sporidiis densis candidis profuse intersperso. Totus fungus altitudi- nem 2—3 linearem attinet; sparsim proveniens. "3072. 19. I. nicoror, L. y. S., ad stipites dejectos in terra jacentes, Bethl. I. caespitosa. Sporidochiis stipitiformibus, basi attenuatis, irregulariter compressis, in capitulum spo- ridiferum dilatatis, subdivisum in ramos corniculatos rufescentes, ceterum laxum, compressum et difforme. Sporidiis farinosis candidis. Rami difformiter compressi. Fungus 3—4 lin. altus. Genus 234. AnrTuina. F.S. V. p. 169. "3073. 1. A. ceranoides, Lk. Obs. (Isaria) in stipitibus in terra jacentibus, Bethlehem. Genus 235. CERATIUM. *3074. 1. C. hydnoides, Lk. p. 118, Syn. Car. 1292, et. Bethl. 3075. 2. C. pyxidatum, Lk. n. 2, Syn. Car. 1293, et. Bethl. 3076. 3. C. porioides, Lk. 3, Syn. Car. 1294, nondum in Pennsylvania observatum. Genus 236. Scorras. Sys. Veg. Fr. p. 171. 3077. 1. S. sroneiosa, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 1311, Botrytis. Non sine numine celeberrimus Friesius hunc fungum maximum, tam abnormem loco citato Systemati suo incorporat. Evyidenter est hujus vicinitatis—et multa habet communia cum Podisomate. In Pennsylvania quaque in sylvis fagineis, plerumque in terra jacet,—nec etiam his regionibus a me unquam statu non indurato inyenta. Genus 237. Dacrina. F.S. V. p. 172, Dacrydium, Nees. 3078. 1. D. cinnabarinum, Nees. Syst. passim et Beth]. ad ligna occurrit. Syn. Car. 1336. Dema- tium praesertim sub cortice Juglandis tomentosae, &c. *3079. 2. D. hydnoideum, Consp. Fung. Nisk. A. et S. sub nomine Hydnum sudans. Optime quadrant specimina nostra in ligno Rhododendri, Bethl. Wore lVe——4 3B 306 SYNOPSIS OF Genus 238. - Borryosporium, L. v. S., Novum Genus. Sporidochio obsoleto. Sporidiis quasi botrytim in binis aut pluribus seriebus ordinatis in sporisoriis pel- lucidis pyriformibus, suffultis pedicello pellucido septato, atris, compresso-globosis, minutis sporiso- riis fasciculatim prorumpentibus. 3080. 1. B. rrorumrens, L. v. S., in Euphorbiae epidermide (et magis confluens etiam in Dianthi) ex crusta quadam cinerascente, more Cladosporii prorumpens, Bethlehem. B. acervis minutis, copiosis, subconfluentibus, aterrimis, ex fasciculatis sporisoriis pedicellatis. Series [V. SprporopERMEI. Genus 239. SporiIDESMIUM. *3081. 1. S.atrum, Lk. p. 120, n. 1, in lignis putridis, Naz. 3082. 2. S. nrrens, L. vy. S., in truncis et ramis denudatis Spiraeae opulifoliae satis vulgare, Bethl. S. Stromate applanatim pulvinato, acervis minutis semilinearibus tantum passim confluentibus, lignum longe lateque punctuans. Sporidiis densim aggregatis clavatis, fusiformibus et subtortuosis, fusco- atris cum splendore nitente. Genus 240. Exosporium. Lk. p. 120, parte minore. . Permiculariis in Genere No. 58, supra descriptis, huc et nonad Pyrenomicetum pertinere mihi videntur . Tiliae, No. 1833, hujus libelli: . clavuligera, No. 1834: adde quoque 83. 3. E. maximum, L. v. S. Stilbospora maxima Syn. Car. 506, quod autem in Pennsylvania mihi nonobyium. Magnitudine sporidiorum, oculo nudo perceptibilium valde insigne. te] Genus 241. Srrripium. *3084. 1. S. marginatum, Lk. p.126,n. 1. Planta nostra pervulgata in Rosa corymbosa, incola inunda- torum locorum, icone ac descriptione Neesi exacte convenit. Sed abhorret magnitudine. Plerum- que nempe occurrit in ramis vivis aut subviventibus acervis ingentibus crassissimis, biuncialibus, am- biens ramos, et saepe multi acerviconfluunt. Sporidiis tam magnis ut optime possint observari nudis oculis, aut saltem per lentem quam minime augentem. *3085. 2. S. Smrmacis, L.y. S., passim ex caulibus Smilacis caduci et aliorum specierum erumpens, Bethlehem. S. acervis, longissime confluentibus, tamen multo minoribus, nec tam incrassatis. Sporidiis cylindricis, atrofuscis, obtusis, pedicellis longissimis contortis albis. Genus 242. CoryNEUM. *3086. 1. C. depressum, Lk.n. 4, in ramulis Rhododendri, Bethlehem. *3087. 2. C. brachyurum, Lk, n, 3, passim in lignis ramorum, Bethlehem. 3088. 3. C. Hevxsanr, L. v. S., Syn. Car. 505, Didymosporium in foliis vigentibus Hedysarorum in Carolina evidenter hujus loci. 3089. 4. C. conricare, L. vy. S., Syn. Car. 514, elegantulum, non frequens sed distinctissimum in epidermide Platani occidentalis. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. 307 *3090. 5. C. Raopopennnt, L. y. S., passim in foliis Rhododendri maximi, Bethl. C. Sporidochiis minutis, sparsis, per epidermidem folii prorumpentibus, conyexulis, atris, intus albes- centibus. Sporidiis dispersis, demum nudiusculis. Sporidiis oyalibus aut pyriformibus, pedicellis breyiusculis, crassis, septatis. *3091. 6. C. Smrzacis, L. y. S., in epidermide Smilacis rotundifolii dispersum, Beth]. C. Sporidochiis tectis sub epidermide elevata, tantum poro, aut rima centrali apertis. Disco minuto tum conspicuo, densim- obsito sporidiis nigris ac fuligineis pedicellatis, oblongis aut subcylindricis, septatis—demum effluentibus. 3092. 7. C. eeirnytivm, L. y.S., vulgare in foliis Castaneis. Sparsim et nigrificans, Bethlehem. C. sporidochiis obliteratis, acervulis parvis, irregularibus densim aggregatis in pagina aversa. Spori- diis numerosis, ovato-cylindricis, subfalcatis, septatis, fuscis. Aqua infusa apparent pedicelli longi- usculi, pelluciai, pluribus versus basin coalitis. *3093. 8. C. xrricurnatum, L. y. S., subtectum sub villositate paginae aversae foliorum Quercus macropae, Nazareth. C. sporidochiis atris difformibus aut stellatim confluentibus, subeffusis, applanatis, Sporidiis pyri- formibus, multiseptatis, breyissime pedicellatis. Primo obtutu affine quodammodo Botryosporio nostro. Genus 2438. GymNosPpoRANGIUM. *3094. 1. G. Jwniperi, Lk. p. 127,n.1. Infrequens sed bene distinctum a Podisomate Juniperiinyentum prope Easton Pennsylvaniae in Junipero virginiana. Genus 244. Popisoma. *3095. 1. P.Juniperi, Link. p.127,in unico Junip. Sabina mihi nota, in his regionibus—copiosim pro- pullat. 3096. 2. P. macnorus,L. v. S., Lk. p. 127, perperam sub Gymnosporangio. In Carolinae supe- rioris regionibus mihi optime notis, rarior fungus. In Pennsylyania vulgatissimus, apprime infestans Juniperos virginianas sub cultro hortulanorum gementes, et vulgo notus nomine ‘‘ Cedar apple,” sub quo in forum affertur, ut potens, quanquam fabulosum remedium anthelminticum. Link- ius dolet me non in anatomen sporidochii inferioris inquisivisse. Quae nunc de hoc mihi innotue- runt hoc loco lubenter addo. Primum, basis illa yexatissima, nullimodo pro sporidochio habenda, si hoc nomine designare vis idem quod in Podisomate Juniperi sic audit. Fst corpusculum i/lud, gela- tinosum é stipitibus sporidiorum implicatis formatum exacte cum ligulis tremellosis nostri P. macro- podis congruum. Basilare capitulum autem de quo quaeritur omnino alius indolis. Nunquam autem deest. Initium contra semper praebet nostro fungo; primo juventute in tenerrimis ramulis J. virgini- anae se ostendens, magnitudine capitis aciculae majoris, sensim crescens, plerumque ramulo pene- trante immutato et in capitulum plus minusve regulariter turbinatum et plicatum intumescens;—ad uncialem vel immo biuncialemdiametrum attingens. Substantia in sicco et obsoleto fibroso-suberosa est, ut Fistulinae, sed non succoso-carnosa, quasi ex fibris ex pedicello late obconico radiantibus— ceterum tum seryans habitum sublignosum. Capitulum vigens contra faciliter, ut pomum, se- candum immo comedendum est—durum exsiccatione devenit. Extus cortice gaudet epidermidis ad instar, colore ex lilaceo fuscopurpurascente, omnino tamen exsucco ut pomorum epidermide, In tota superficie regularia apparent foveola, polygona, pleramque pentagona, primum tantum applanata, mox impressa et umbonata; tum cortice in centro, rupto, tempore madido, protruduntur sporido- chia ligulosa tremellosa, colore pulcherrimo aurantio uncialia—totas arbores per unam vernalem noc- tem pluyiosam tanquam ditissima messe Aurantiorum maturorum exornans. Si tempus madidum con- tinuatur per multos dies, per tantos hoc statu invenitur, ligulis tandem diffluentibus. Mox sub sole autem exsiccantur ligulae—nec unquam reyivificantur. Capitulum persistit perannum. Vetusta spe- cimina, interne non dissimilia excrescentiis arborum. Nullibi capitulum tamen sine ligulis saltem initialibus, ligulae sine capitulo inyenientur. Solenne est, ubi arbores juniperinas cultri ope in for- mam pyramidatam aut aliam coercuntur, fimgum nostrum incredibili copia eas contegere—sed secun- 308 SYNOPSIS OF * dum observationes meas per decem annos cautim notatas, tales arbores non destruit, ne quidem vide- tur illisnocere. Sunt igitur ex populo multi, et non pauci non ex plebe, qui persuasissimi haerent fungum hunc aut inflorescentiam aut fructum verum Juniperorumesse. Basin nihil habere commune cum opere insectifero per assiduum studium edoctus sum. Non valde fungosam esse etiam fatendum est. Mihi videtur abnormissima formatio de qua melius nil adseverare—sed ulterius examinare. Nota.—Anatomia baseos hujus fungi in statu juvenili, antequam ligulam tremellosam protrudit, casu omissa loco suo, indicat sequentia. Substantia baseos tum intus omnino est similis substantiae Pomi ma- turi—si basin cultro secare velis—ex albido-virens, sese monstrat, omnino ut pomum immaturum; gru- moso-cellulosum, habitu quodam ex stipite radiante. Mox color viridis mutatur in fulyo-aurantium colo- vem—et tum observantur fibri albidi rariores radiantes ramosim ex stipite. Ligulis semel protrusis, quod fit tempore pluvioso basis non amplius crescit; si autem ver non pluyviosus sit, indies augentur bases. Epidermis juniorum ante evolutionem sporidochiorum, texturam quandam filamentoso-furfuraceam habet, et crassitiem epidermidis pomi. Ligulae in statu perfectissimo onustae sunt sporidiis, omnino ut in P. ju- niperi—sunt autem ligulae plerumque longiores nec conicae sed saepe subflexuosae et potius yersus apicem attenuatae. Genus 245. Sarcopopium. *3097. 1. S. eircinnatum, Lk. p. 127, n. 1, non rarum sed faciliter ob similitudinem cum initio Thele- phorae (et Fries. in Elencho p. 226 ad Thelephoras trahit) super visum. Ad-caules, Bethl. Genus 246. LicuEenorsis. lL. v. S., Novum Genus. Genus omnino aberrans. Angiogastres, praesertim Sphaerobolas cum ultimis Gymnomycetibus, ut Podi- soma, apte jungens, et ob crustaceam maculam in ligno—ad Lichenes quoque certo modo spectans. Sporidochio, in cupula subglobosa ime recondita in ligno lichenosim circum circa albocrustato, quasi im- merso; tapetio cupulae subcarnoso excayato, et cupula primum operculo albopulveraceo tecta, de- mum operculo deciduo, ore rotundo contracto magnitudine capitis aciculae majoris, aperta. Incen- tro hujus cupulae globosae assurgit Sporidochium cylindricum apice truncatum, lutescens, ex coa- litis floccis hyalinis tenuissimis compositum, diffluentibus in aqua, in siccis conjunctis in corpusculum induratum subcorneum; flocci, qui evidenter sunt peglicelli, ut in Podisomate, sporidiorum, quibus hoc corpusculum coronatum est in disco suo; sporidia autem ovalia multiseptata, aterrima. Sicco statu sporidochium ad instar columellae in centro cupulae assurgit, luteum, ex nigris sporidiis in super- ficie punctato-nigrum. Verisimiliter, ut mihi videtur, sporidochium demum ejicitur, ut globus Sphaeroboli. Non vidi hoc factum, sed cupulae saepe inanes occurrunt. Operculum plerumque umbonatum. #3098. 1. L. spHarrosoxoipza, L, v. S., satis frequens occurrit Bethlehemis in ramis Corni floridae, Celtis, et aliorum in ligno et cortice. L. Cupulis immersis ligno (Stictidem majorem revocantibus) lineari diametro, intus tapetio pallide luteo subcarnoso vestitis extus albescentibus, per crustam albescentem subdeterminatim effusam pro- rumpentibus. Maculas lichenosas biunciales efficit. INDEX NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. : 309 GENERUM ET SPECIERUM A ME PRIMUM IN AMERICA DETECTARUM. * Signo notatae jam in Synopsi Fungorum Carolinae descriptae sunt. Acladium densissimum. Acremonium nigrospermum. Actidium caricinum. Actinothyrium caulincola. magnoliae. Aecidium (Caeoma) apocynatum. aroidatum. asteratum. cimicifugatum. claytoniatum. clematitatum. conyolyulatum. dracontionatum. erigeronatum. euphorbiae hypericifoliae. gnaphalitatum, hepaticatum. helianthatum. hibiscatum. houstoniatum. hieraciatum. hypericatum. impatientatum. luminatum. myricatum. osmundatum. pedatatum. pentstemoniatum, podophyllatum. pyratum. pyrolatum. sambuciatum. sagittatum. smilacinatum. tenue. trachelifoliatum. uyulariatum. Vou. IV.—4 C Aegerita lutescens. oyula. Aethalium ferrincola. Agaricus denticulatus. farinosus. illudens. indigo. lamellosus. nigripes. pectinatus. pubescens. rhodoxanthus. setisedus. siccus. tenuipes. tubaeformis. Anixia interrupta. Arachnion album. Arcyria globosa. lutea. minor. Ascobolus conglomeratus. Aspergillus purpureofuscus, Asterophora effusa. Atractobolus lutescens. Bactridium effusum. Boletus alboater. betula. pocono. Botrytis laxa. lateritia. leucoxantha. lilacina. minutula. pellicula. pulcherrima. Boyista candida. craniiformis. Botryosporium prorumpens. Bulgaria rusa. Caeoma (Ured.) agrimonize. amaranthi. andropogi. anemonis. ari virginici. azaleae. brunneum. chaerophyllis. chelidonii. elephantopodis. helianthi. heucherae. hyperici. ipomaeae. iridis. junci. lobeliae. smilacis. solidaginis. spermacocis. syntherismae. terebinthinaceae. teucril. thalictri. Zeae. Calocera fasciculata. pilipes. Compsotrichum splendens. Cantharellus cinnabarinus. confluens. cupressi. fascicularis. 310 Cantharellus floccosus. helotioides. incarnatus. odoratus. olivaceus. roseus. spathulariae, viridis. Capillaria malvacearum. rhizomorphina. Cenangium aeruginosum. andromedae. apertum. castaneae. cephalanthi. clayatum. compressum. confusum. crustaceum. enteroxanthum. episphaeria. fatiscens. fibriseda. molluscum. nigrofuscum, palmatum. populinum. pyrinum. rhois. rosae. sphaeriomorphum. staphyleae. triangulare. tumorum. turgidum. viburni. Ceratites (Caeom.) botryapites. fraxinites. Ceratosporium fuscescens. Chaetomium Douglassi. typhinum. Chloridium candidissimum. Circinotrichum candidum. Cladosporium bignoniae. episphaeria. iridicola. lignatile. maculans, simplex. sparsum. typhae. Virgultorum. Clasterisporium caricinum. Clayaria aurantio-cinnabarina. SYNOPSIS OF Clavaria compressa. coronata. gigantea. merismatoides. subcorticale. sulphurascens. tenax. tenuis. tetragona. trichomorpha. vernalis. Coccotrichum erubescens. Coniosporium atrum. strobilinum, Coremium coccineum. concentricum. fimetarium. flavovirens. fragariastrum. subiculatum, Coryneum corticale. efiiguratum. epiphyllum. hedysari. rhododendri. smilacis. Craterium floriforme. porphyrium. Cribraria minutissima. Cryptosporium pseudoacaciae. Cyphella pendula. Cytispora ceanothi. difformis. persicarum. quercina. robiniae. rubi. Dacromyces azaleae. capitatus. cinnabarinus. difformis. epiphyllus. involutus. pellucidus, viticola. Dactylium crustaceum. gramineum. melanopus, Daedalea discolor. merulioides. subtomentosa. zonata, Dematium cinnamomeum. Dematium episphaeria. ramosum. smilacis. Depazea (Sph.) catalpicola. ‘dryophila. kalmicola. smilacicola. tulipiferae. Dermea craterium. cydoniae. populnea. spiraeae. Dermosporium atrum. decolorans. roseum. Dichaena caespitosa. smilacina. Didymosporium acuminatum. calycanthi. celtis. corticola. effusum. erumpens. minutissimum. pezizoides. Dothidea afflata. ambrosiae. annonae. asclepiadis. asteromorpha. brachystemonitis. bumeliae. capreolatae. castaneae. cepae. chalybea. chenopodii. cinerascens. conferta. crustacea. delmicola. delicatula. denigrans. diospyri. dioscoreae. dispersa. effusa. elegans. elliptica, encoelium. exasperans. filicum. fothergillae. frigoris. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. : 311 Dothidea fructigena. Erysibe chelones. Helminthosporium brassicole. gentianae. densissimum. corniculatum, glycineos. gerardiae. corticale. gramma. liriodendri. crustuosum, heliopsidis. mors uvyae. dubium. hibiscicola, nonnecator. fasciculatum. hyssopi. phlogis. herbarum. impatientis. quercinum. sorghi. inelegans. quisquiliarum. virgultorum. juglandicola. | syringae. Helvella costata. lauri borboniae. vaccinii. Hydnum aeruginosum. lauricola. verbenae. adustum. lineola. viburni. byssinum. liriodendri. Eurotium obliteratum. canum. maculans. Excipula epidermidis. cinnabarinum. missouriensis, glandicola. coriaceo-membranaceum. nigrescens. liliorum. croceum. nodicola. majuscula, delicatum. orbiculata. nitidula. epiphyllum. ornans. rumicicola, himantia, panici. ulmicola. luteopallidum. penicillata. viticola. molle. petiolaris. Excidia applanata. oliyaceum. phlogis. auriformis, ramosum. phytolaccae. crenata. rhois, polygalae. lurida. subresupinatum. polygonati. spiculata. sulphureum, pomigena. Exosporium maximum. viticola. radicalis, Hymenella ciliata. ramosa. Fayolus abnormis. Hypodermium effusum. thois. Fibrillaria crocea. Hysterium abbreviatum. rhuina. complanata. andromedae. robiniae. Fistulina radicata, azaleae. rosae, Fusarium capitatum. betulignum. sassafras. coccineum. castaneae. saepincola. effusum. cinerascens. silphii. inseptatum, confluens. subcuticularis. pyrinum, expaliens. toxici. Fusidium caesium. fibritectum. viburni dentati. epidermidis. flexuosum. viticola. farina. griseum. zeae. fumago. insidens. Dryophilum pezizoides. tenuissimum. kalmiae. umbonatum. Fusisporium lagenariae. librincola. mori. Enteridium cinereum. Geastrum fibrillosum. nucicola. Epicoceum caricicola. minimum. osmundae. Erineum anomalum. Geoglossum farinaceum. plantarum. lineola. rufum. polygonati. pruni. Glonium accumulatum. praelongum. quercus canescentis. Guepinia helvelloides. pteridis. Erysibe ambrosiae. rhododendri. asterum. Haplotrichum subpulyinatum. rimincola, ceanothi. virescens. rufescens. 312 Hysterium rugulosum- smilacis. syringae. teres. tortile. vaccinii. verbasci. yulyatum. Mllosporium caesium. _ Institale maximum. trpex cinerascens. epiphylla. - fuscescens. niyeus. ochraceus, tulipiferae. {saria bicolor. candida. carnea. furcata. globosa. nigripes. plialangiophila. sphingophila. Labrella nitida. Lachnobolus cinereus. Leangium stipatum. Lematis olivaceovirens. quercina. rufo-olivacea. Lentinus Lecontii. pelliculosus. strigosus. Schweinitzii. Leotia chlorocephala. Leptostroma acerinum. acteae. aspidiorum. cereale. donacis. fructigena. hyperici. inundatum. marginatum. piceum. Leptostroma rhuinum. scandentium. zizaniae. Licea epiphylla. macrospora. nitens. Lichenopsis sphacroboloidea. SYNOPSIS OF Lophium naviculare. sassafras, Melanconium dothidea. griseum. peritheciatum. sassafras. truncatum. viscosum. Merulius brassicaefolius. pallens. strigosozonatus. Mitremyces lutescens. Mitrula inflata. exigua. Monilia fusconigra. globosa. punctuans. Morchella foraminulosa. Mucor capitato-ramosum. echinophila. Naematelia nucleata. Nidularia fascicularis. juglandis. melanosperma. pulvinata. rugisperma. stercorea. Qidium candidum. inquinans. Ostracodermum spadiceum. Ostropa cinerascens. hysterioides. rugulosa. sphaerioides. Pachyma cocos. Patellaria nigrocinnabarina. rhododendri. verbasci. Perichaena marginata. vaporaria. Periconia bulbosa. epiphylla. fasciculata. gracilis. macularis. Peridermium (Caeom.) germinale. Perisporium caladii. Peziza arachnoidea. ascoboloidea. atrofusca. Peziza candidofulva. chlora. chlorascens. cinnamomea-lutescens, cinnabarina. cinereofusca. citrinella. clypeata. comata. conchella. concrescens. confluens. crocea. daedalea. discincola. erinacea. eupatorii. floccosa. fulvyocana. fuscobarbata. glandicola. griseopulveracea. hydrangeae, imcarnescens. irregularis. leguminum. lentaginis. leontina. luteo-alba, maculincola, megaloma. membranacea. mitrula. mollisiaeoides. obtecta. occidentalis. ochracea. opulifolia. pastinacae. penicillata. philadelphi. prolificans. pruinata. roseo-alba. rufiberbis. rufula. solitaria. sphaerincola. subhirta. subiculata. torta. turbinulata, vitis. yixyisibilis. Phacidium capsulare. caulincola. corticalis. exasperans. fraxineum. glandicola. platani. quercinum. rhododendri. * ’ Phlebia cinnabarina. coccinco-fulva. hyanoidea. Phlebomorpha arbuscula. Phoma andromedae. calycanthi. culmicola. prunicola. tulipiferae. Phragmidium hedysari. Phyllopta parasitica. Physarum atrum. caespitosum. elegans. effusum. luteoyalve. polyaedron. vermiculatum. Podisoma macropus. Podosporium rigidum. glandicola. Polyactis grisea. Polyporus aesculi. candidissimus. caryae. cervinum. cinereus. conchifer. connatus. decipiens. decolorans. favescens. fimbriporus. gilvus. graveolens. hirsutulus. internus. isabellinus. juglandinus. labyrinthiacus. lilacinus. lobatus. nigromarginatus. nigropurpureus. nigropurpurascens. Vou. IV.—4 D NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. Polyporus parvulus. pallido-cervinus. papyraceus. pilotae. pini canadensis. pulchellus. radicatus. rhododendri. sassafras. scutellatus. spissus. superficialis. symphytum. tenuis. unicolor. undulatus. virgineus. Viticola. xantholoma. Porotheleum pezizoides. Pterula plumosa, Puccinia aculeata. , 313 Radulum pini canadensis. Rhizoctonia baltatus, himantia. placenta. radiciformis. Rhytisma aceris eriocarpae. adglutinatum. asteris. bifrons. cacti. confluens. decolorans. elevatum. ilicincola. ilicis canadensis. juglandina. magnoliae. prini. sasafras. seriale. silphii. smilacis. andropogi. ari triphylli. arundinariae. asteris. bullata. concentrica. emaculata. galii. helenii. helianthi. heliopsidis. junci. kalmiae. lespedezae procumbentis. lespedezae violaceae. myrrhis. phaseoli trilobi. potentillae. pycnanthemi. silphii. smilacis. solida. sorghi. verbesinae. vernoniae. windsoriae. xanthii. zizaniae. Pyremum collae. Radulum hydnans. investiens. solidaginis. vaccinii. vitis. Saccidium bignoniae. vegetum. Sarca brassicola. Schizoxylon tuberculatum. Scleroderma lycoperdoides. Sclerotium aesculi. anemones. applanatum. convexulum. difforme. erumpens. frustulatum. fuscomaculatum. gallarum. gregarium. hysteriiforme. lauricola. lignatile. liliorum. meduflare. nicandrae. orobanches. petiolorum. platani. prunorum. reniforme. sassafras. Scolicotrichum candidum. 314 SYNOPSIS OF Scorias spongiosa. Sphaeria cimicifuga. Sphaeria exarata. Sciridium smilacis. cladosporiosa. excavata. Septoria nigricans. clayulata. excipulans. Sparassis spathulata. coccineomaculata. excussa. Sphaeria abbreviata. collapsa. expers. aculeata. collecta. fibriseda. aculeus. colliculosa. flabella. aequilinearis. Collinsii. flabelliformis. afflata. Comptoniae. fragariae. aggregata. concolor. fraxicola. albocrustata. concomitans. frustrum coni. albofarcta. concrescens. fumosa. agrostidis. confertula. fuscata. albomaculans. confusa. fuscescens. alboprainosa. conseptata. fuscopurpurea. " ambigua. conspersa. gallae. amorphostoma. conspurcata. geoglossum. amorphula. consors. gregalis. ampelos. contorta. glandicola. ampliata. conyexula. gleditsiae. andromedae. coptis. goniostoma. andromedicola. corni. gossypii. andropogi. corticium. grisea. andropogicola. crataegi. gyrosa. angelicae lucidae. cornudamae. Halseyana. annulans. cuticulata. herbicola. aperta. daphnidis. herculea. apertiuscula. daturae. hibisci. aristidae. decorticata. hibiscicola. artemisiae. deformata. hyalina. asclepiaidis. dematiosa. hydnicola. assecla, denudans. hydrangeae. atropunctata. denigrata. hyperici. azaleae. diderma. hysterioides. badia. diffusa. jasmini. bignoniae. diospyri. illita. boleticola. discincola. imposita. brassicola. discreta. incanescens. brunnea. distincta. inclinata. cacti. divergens. inconstans. caespitulans. druparum. indistincta. callostroma. drupivora. insidens. canaliculata. durissima. inspissa. candida. echinophila. intermedia. cannabis. effigurata. inundatorum. capsularum. eleyans. investiens. caries. elliptica. inyestita. caryophaga. elongato-compressa. inyoluta. castaneae. emergens. iridis. catalpae. enteroleuca. iridicola. ceanothi. enteroxantha. juglandicola. celastri. erumpens. junipericola. cephalanthi. euphorbicula. kalmiarum. cinerascens, evulsa. kalmicola. Sphaeria lactescentium. lactifluorum. lactucorum. laevigata. lecythea. lespedezae. ligustri. lilacina. limaeformis. lineolans. liquidambaris. liriodendri. luteomaculata. magnoliae. malvicola. marginata. mela. meliae. meloplaca, mezerei. millegrana. modesta. mollissima. monstrosa.- morbosa. mori albae. mori rubrae. mucronata. nayiculare. nervisequia. nidulans. nigrella. nigrita. nigrobrunnea. notha. obscura. obtecta. obtusa. obtusata, ochroleuca. oligostoma. olivaceohirta. olivascens. orbicula. palliata. pannosa. panici. papilla. papyrifera. parasitans, parsimmons. pastinacae. penicillata. peponis. NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. Sphaeria perforata. pericarpii. perigynicola. petiolorum. phellos. plantaginicola. platani. platypus. platystoma. pocula. pomorum. polygonati. polygoni sagittati. potentillae. pruina. pubens. pugillus. punctum. purpureofusca. putaminum. pyramidale. quadrata, quadrifida. quercuum. radicalis. radicum. rattus. recondita. rhois. rhuina. rhizina. rivulosa. ribesia. rimincola. robiniae. rosae, rubicunda. rubincola. ruborum. rufescens. sacculus. samarae. sambucivora. sarraceniae. sassafras. scabriseta. scapincola. Scirporum. scoparia. sclerotim. setosa. siliquosorum. silphii. smilacis. Sphaeria smilacicola. solidaginis. sphaerincola. sphaeriostoma. sphaerocephala. spina. spissa. squamulata. staphyleae. stercorum. sterilior. stilbosporans. stipata. subaflixa. subbullans. subconcaya. subconfluens. subconnata. subfasciculata. subiculata. sublobata. subrugosa. subsimplex. sulcigena, sulphurea. sumachi. tageticola. tecta. tenella. tenuissima. tenerrima. thapsi. tigrinans. tingens. tondenda. toxici. transversa, transversalis. truncatula, tuberculosa. tubericola. tulipifera. tumorum. turbinulata. typhae. ulmea. umbellatarum. vaccinicola. Van Vieckii. variabilis. variolaria. variolosa. verbascicola. vernicosa. 315 316 SYNOPSIS OF NORTH AMERICAN FUNGI. Sphaeria verrucosa. viburni. virescens. viridiatra. viticola. vitis. xanthostroma. yuccae. zeae. - zinniae. Sphaerobolus corii. crustaceus. minutissimus. sparsus. Sphaeronema catalpae. caulincola. rhododendri. Sphaerosporum lignatile. Spermodermium rufum. Spilocaea concentrica. Sporidesmium nitens. Sporotrichum geruginosum. alutaceum. cohaerens. gratum. himantia. incarnatum. intertextum. lutescens. solubile. subvinosum. viticola. Spumaria licheniformis. Stachytidium fulvum. lutescens. roseum. Stemonites crypta. digitata. maxima. Stictis caulincola. ceracea. fimbriata. hydrangeae. hyssopi. ligustri. philadelphi. prominula, rubi. stella. Stictis umbellatarum, Stilbospora multiseptata. quadriseptata. staphyleae. Stilbum inquinans. roseum. Thelephora albidobrunnea. albidocarnea. albobadia. caespitulans. candida. candidissima, cantharella. cladonia. cinerascens. coccinea. episphaeria. fimbriata. grisea. helvelloidea. imbricatula. insinuans. llacina. lutosa. multipartita. ochraceoflava. pallescens. pallida. pedicellata. regularis. rubropallens. sistotremoides. spongiosa, styraciflua. subzonata. vialis. viticola. Torula crustacea. cucurbitarum. medullare. olivascens. Tremella aurantia. corrugata. crassiloba. palmata. virens. Trichia angulata. difformis. Trichia miniata. punctulata. Trichoderma rubropallens. Tubercularia calycanthi. celastri. difformis. fatiscens. pezizoidea. radicalis. subpedicellata. Tympanis cinerascens. fasciculata. fraxini. plicatocrenata. seriata. turbinata. viticola. Typhula mucerdae. ramealis. Vermicularia acuminata. albomaculata. angustata. arctii. balsamitae. denudata. effusa. epiphylla. filicina. gerardiae. involucri. ipomaeorum, liliaceorum. ovata. petiolorum. polygonati. polygoni virginici. punctuans. scandentium. silphii. staphyleae. subeffiguratum. thecicola. truncata. Verpa caroliniana. Vibrissea truncorum. Volutella quercina. Zythia compressa. & EXPLICATIO ICONUM NOVORUM GENERUM. Fig. 1. Poposrporium rieipum, L. v. S. . Ramulus cum Podosporio magnitudine naturali. Flocci plures, sporidiis onustis, modice auctis. Floccus singulus ; valde auctus, gerens sporidia. . Idem, sporidiis jam dejectis. Sporidia maxime aucta. Idem. Fig. 2. Borryosportum proruMPENS, L. y. S. . Fragmentum caulis, acervulis fungi prorumpentibus ex epidermide, magnitudine naturali. Sporodochium onustum fasciculis sporisoriorum, valde auct. Sporisoria pellucida continentia sporidia. Fig. 3. CrRrarosporium Fuscescens, L. vy. S. Corticis frustrum, cui injacent sporidia effusa mag. nat. Modice aucta sporidia in epidermidis frustro. Sporidia subpellucida septata magis aucta. Sporidia valde aucta. Sporidium simplex auctissimum. Fig. 4. CLasrERisporiuM caricinuM, L. v. S. Folii Caricis fragmentum in quo effusum Clasterisporium magnitudine naturali. Modice auctum. Sporidia pedicellata maxime aucta. Fig. 5. SPHAEROSPORIUM LIGNATILE, L. y. S. Frustrum ligni, acervis fungi onustum, mag. naturali. Modice auctum. Acervulus sporidiorum pellucidorum, cum globulo interno grumoso maxime auctorum. Sporidium singulum pellucidum madefactum. Sporidium siccum. Fig. 6. LicHENopsis SPHAEROBOLOIDEA, L. vy. S. Ligni frustrum cum fungo naturali magnitudine. Fungus super corticem elevatus—modice auctus. Idem operculo tectus. Sectio perpendicularis cupulum et sporodochium cylindricum internum monstrans. Cupule sectio—maxime aucta. Cupulam inanem cortice cinctam in Jigno nidulantem monstrans. . Sporodochium segregatum maxime auctum. Sectio fungi junioris, cupulam, sporodochium et operculum monstrans. Floccorum fasciculus, sporidiis nigris coronatorum. - Magis aucti Flocci. Sporidium auctissimum. . Operculuin. Vou. IV.—4 DZ ° 317 ARTICLE IX. Descriptions of the Specimens of Inferior Maxillary Bones of Mastodons in the Cabinet of the American Philosophical Society, with Remarks on the genus Tetracaulodon (Godman), §c. By Isaac Hays, M.D. Read May 20,1831. MY friend, the late Dr Godman, communicated to the Society about eighteen months since, an account of an extinct fossil animal, closely resembling the Mastodon in most of its characters, but differing from it, in possessing tusks in the Jower jaw. This difference Dr Godman thought of sufficient importance to constitute a new genus, to which he gave the name of Tefracaulodon.* The immediate subject of Dr Godman’s description having been a young animal,t a distinguished naturalistt of New York suggested the opinion that the Zetracaulodon was nothing but the young of the gi- gantic Mastodon, and that the tusks were merely milk teeth, which were lost as the animal became adult. The same opinion has since been confidently advanced by others.|| Had Dr Godman been able to examine the specimens in our cabi- nets with his own eyes, instead of being obliged to rely upon those of others, his own memoir would doubtless have contained all the proofs necessary for refuting the opinion that he had committed the error of * See Vol. III. N.S., p. 478. t Dr Godman states, however, that there are two adult jaw bones of the same animal in the cabinet of the University of Virginia. Vol. III. N. S., p- 484. {~ William Cooper, Esq. § See Silliman’s Journal, Vol. XIX. p- 159, 160, October 1330. || See Ferussae’s Bulletin for August 1830, &e. Vor. I1V.—4 E 318 DESCRIPTIONS OF INFERIOR MAXILLARY BONES describing, as a new animal, the young of a known species. The account of the Zetracaulodon was, however, written by the author, literally on his death bed.* There is no need of the Society’s being reminded of the generous and lofty ambition, by which Dr Godman was always actuated, or that he was compelled through life, to struggle against difficulties, which no ordinary man could have overcome ; and they will at once understand his expression to his friends, on announcing that he. was preparing an account of a new fossil animal,—“TI have all my life,” said he, “ been compelled to labour for bread, I shall now do something for my fame.” These remarks will account for such imperfections as may have occurred in Dr Godman’s memoir, as also explain my anxiety to secure to him the credit which appears to me to be his due. It is not my purpose to inquire into the value of the tusk, in the lower jaw, as constituting a generic distinction between the Mastodon and Tetracaulodon.t Generic divisions in science are, for the most part, as yet too arbitrary—the characters upon which they are founded too ill determined—and our materials at present too scanty, to induce us to venture any remarks upon this subject, even had we not deter- mined to restrict ourselves to a detail of facts. A more important subject of inquiry, is whether the Tetracaulodon is merely the young of the gigantic Mastodon, and the tusks in its lower jaw only milk teeth, which are lost when the animal becomes adult and are never replaced. Fortunately the cabinet of the Society furnishes us with materials for at once settling this question. It con- tains portions of three lower jaws, which I have the honour of exhbibit- ing, and which will be particularly described hereafter. The first is that of a young Mastodon, M. giganteum (Plate XX.), entirely destitute of tusks oralveoli for tusks; the two others appertain to aged adult animals (Plates XXVIII. and XXIX.), and exhibit distinct sockets for tusks. A more complete refutation then of the assertion thatthe Tetra- * Dr Godman died before the number containing his memoir was published. + Mr Titian R. Peale, who was the first naturalist by whom the Tetracaulodon was seen, suggested to Dr Godman that the tusks in the lower jaw might be merely a sexual character. It is impossible, in the existing state of our knowledge, and with our present materials, either to confirm or positively refute this suggestion. sr PIs eX. Mastodon / vow ) Cabaiet An. Philos. Soc. OF MASTODONS, WITH REMARKS, ETC. 319 caulodon is only the young gigantic Mastodon, is hardly possible, and the merit of having contributed to the Fauna of this country, one of its largest antediluvian animals, is confirmed to Dr Godman. The object which originally prompted this communication, being thus accomplished, I might here close it; but from the great number of specimens which I have been so fortunate as to have had oppor- tunities of examining (about forty lower jaws, and upwards of two hundred teeth), some facts have been presented, to which my friends attach so much interest, as to induce me to lay an account of them be- fore the Society. The first specimen I shall describe is a fragment of the left side of the lower jaw, consisting of the ramus, chin and portion of the coronoid process. (Plate XX., fig. 1 and 2.) This fragment is sixteen inches long, and weighs nine pounds. The teeth, as well as the loose tex- ture of the bone, show it to have belonged to a young animal. The condyloid process and angle of the jaw are deficient, and the chin is slightly broken, so that it is impossible to determine whether it had the foliated termination so conspicuous intheadult. (Plate XXIII, s.) The coronoid process rises nearly perpendicularly as in the giganteum,; but the ramus of the jaw is rather more cylindrical than in the adult of that species. This fragment containstwo teeth. The posterior one (Plate XX., d) had just commenced to pierce the gum; its crown is perfect, but its roots are not yet formed. This tooth is four inches and one-tenth* long, and two inches and seven-tenths broad. It has three wedge- shaped denticules, each of which is divided, by a longitudinal groove, into two processes, the inner of which is somewhat the wider; and each of these processes is superficially divided into two or more points —the exterior points being the largest. The anterior tooth (Plate XX., c) resembles that just described in its general characters; its crown is, however, somewhat worn, particularly its anterior points. Its length is three inches and three-tenths, its breadth is two inches and five-tenths. * All the measures were taken with callipers. 320 DESCRIPTIONS OF INFERIOR MAXILLARY BONES Anterior to this tooth are three alveolar depressions (Plate XX., m, n, 0) Which mark the place of teeth which have been lost. Beneath the anterior socket isa foramen for the passage of blood- vessels and nerve. (Plate XX., fig. 7.) At the anterior portion of the chin are two foramina for the same purpose: that on the left side is lower and larger than the other, pyramidal, and at a short distance bi- furcates. A jineneedle may be passed some distance into each of these divisions. In one of the lower jaws of an adolescent Mastodon in the Finnel collection at New York, the foramen in the chin is two lines in diame- ter and passes directly into the large foramen in the ramus of the jaw occupied by the maxillary nerve and blood-vessels. The next specimen to be noticed, is a fragment of the right side of the inferior maxillary bone of an adolescent gigantic Mastodon, (Plate XXI.) belonging to the splendid Wistar Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. This fragment is two feet five inches long. ‘The general form of this jaw is similar to that of the gigantic J/astodon represented in Plate XXIII, but the ramus is rather more cylindrical, in which respect itresembles the specimen just described (Plate XX.). The upper portion of the coronoid, and the condyloid processes are de- ficient, as also the angle. ‘The chin is also broken, but there are manifest indications of an expansion similar to that represented in Plate XXIII, s. Just above the base of the ramus internally are a number of circular depressions, probably formed by the lobules of the inferior maxillary gland. This fragment contains two teeth, and anterior to these a portion of the alveolus of a third tooth. The anterior tooth (Plate XXI. ¢) has three denticules, with two points each: it is five inches and eight- tenths long, and three inches and seven-tenths broad. The posterior tooth (Plate XXI. /) has five denticules or pairs of points, and a trifid heel. This tooth is eight inches and one-tenth long, and four inches and three-tenths broad. The cabinet of the Society does not contain any specimen of the lower jaw presenting all the characters of the Mastodon giganteum, except a small fragment represented in Plate XXII. This fragment is twelve | cal ap. ©. [es Mastodon (adolescent ) Nistar Museaon PL.XXNIL,. Mastodon (¢ adzlt Cabinet Am. Philos, Soe. OF MASTODONS, WITH REMARKS, ETC. 324 inches long, and consists of a portion of the ramus of the jaw, with the base of the coronoid process. It contains one tooth, the posterior mo- lar. This tooth has five denticules with two points each, and a heel; it is six inches and nine-tenths long, and three inches and eight-tenths broad. I have the pleasure, however, of exhibiting to the society, one of the most perfect specimens of the lower jaw of this species, that has as yet been obtained. (Plate XXIII.) This jaw belongs to the Balti- more Museum. It is the one dug up by the late Mr Peale on the farm of Peter Millspaw, twenty miles west of the Hudson, which is described by Mr Rembrandt Peale in his “ Narrative of the discovery and exhumation of the skeleton of the Mastodon,’* and drawings and adescription of which were communicated by Mr Peale to Baron Cu- vier, and from which the latter drew many of his characters of this interesting animal. When found this jaw was perfect; but about two years since it was unfortunately broken by accident. ‘The largest fragment, consisting of the whole rightside of the jaw, the coronoid and condyloid processes, the chin and nearly two inches of the left side, all in aremarkably fine state of preservation, are represented in Plate XXIII, The length of this jaw is two feet six inches and a half, the height of the coronoid process above a line drawn along the base of the jaw fourteen inches and a half. The articulating surface of the condyloid process is divided by a superficial groove (a) at about two-thirds of the distance from its inner edge. ‘The direction of the condyle is inwards and rather forwards. The coronoid process rises nearly perpendicularly; the upper part curves somewhat outwards; it is one inch and a half higher than the condyloid process. Just below the condyle a ridge (4) commences, which, after passing downwards and alittle forwards a short distance, becomes nearly hori- zontal, and above this is a considerable depression, an inch in depth at its deepest part. That portion of the jaw which is covered by the masseter muscle, is much flattened and rough; the angle is also very rough. * Copied in Godman’s American Natural History, Vol. II. p. 211. Vou. IV.—4 F 3522 DESCRIPTIONS OF INFERIOR MAXILLARY BONES The ramus of the jaw is slightly flattened on its external aspect, and somewhat excavated on its internal one. The anterior maxillary foramina are two (Plate XXIII., fig. 1, p, g); there are several smaller foramina near the chin for the passage of the blood vessels and nerves. The chin terminates in a remarkable expansion, the edges of which are exceedingly rough. (Plate XXIII. s.) There are no alveoli for tusks, nor any trace of there ever having been any. This jaw contained but one tooth in each side. The sockets for the molars anterior to these are completely filled up. The tooth which re- mains (the last molar) was somewhat injured by the accident to which we have already referred, but it appears to have had ten points and a heel. The direction of this tooth in the jaw is outward anteriorly, as is seen from fig. 2. The foramen for the inferior maxillary nerve and blood vessels is just below the condyle internally (fig. 2, y), and is one inch and a quar- ter in diameter. On the upper surface of the ramus, just at the base of the coronoid process, is the commencement of a small groove, which immediately divides and diverges. It is evidently caused by a blood vessel; and we mention it because a similar groove occurs in the fragment repre- sented in Plate XXII. It is not to be found in any other specimen in the collection.* The lower jaw represented in Plate XXIV. differs considerably in its form from the jaws of the M. giganteum we have described. Its base is more curved antero-posteriorly—the external aspect of its ramus is more flattened, and that portion of the jaw covered by the masseter muscle less so. 'The groove for the tongue is deeper and narrower; and the chin appears pointed, but the specimen being partly worn it is impossible to determine the exact form of this part. * There is in the Cabinet of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, a fragment of an inferior maxillary bone, which agrees in all its characters with that just described, except that the direction of its condyle is inwards and backwards, and that its posterior molar has but four denticules. This bone was found in New Jersey, and is figured in Mitchell’s edition of Cuvier’s Theory of the earth; and copied into Cuvier’s Ossemens Fossiles ; Grand Masto- donte, Plate IIL. fig. 5. PL.XXIlI. ganteum (adilt gig Batumeore Museum. Mastodon PE XING ( Cuvier Mastodon Cabinet Am. Philes Soc “€ OF MASTODONS, WITH REMARKS, ETC. 323 The posterior molar (Plate XXIV. /) has but eight points, and the heel is broad, whilst in our specimens of the M. giganteum the posterior molar hasten points and a mammillaform heel. The direction of the teeth is also very divergent anteriorly. Are these differences suffici- ent to indicate its belonging to a different species from the M. gigan- teum? There is, in the cabinet of the Society, a portion of another jaw, consisting of the left ramus, containing two teeth, and the chin; which is entirely similar to the above in its characters, but somewhat dis- torted, no doubt from injury when the animal was young. There is another specimen resembling the above in its general characters, among the lower jaw bones of Mastodons belonging to J. P. Wetherill, Esq. and which are deposited in the valuable cabinet of the Academy of Natu- ral Sciences of this city. This fragment, however, has had the teeth broken out.* The cabinet of our Society contains a portion of an inferior max- illary bone, (Plate XXV.) which differs in its form from any of those hitherto described. This fragment consists of the chin, the right ramus, with the posterior molares, and a portion of the left ramus. The anterior molar (Plate XXV. e) has three denticules with two points each; the posterior (fig. f) has four denticules, with two points each; and a ridge posteriorly. The ramus of this jaw is straighter, and more cylindrical; the height from the base to the edge of the al- veole is less; the groove for the tongue broader and shallower; and the direction of the teeth less diverging than in the maxilla figured in Plate XXIV. The crowns of the teeth are also less elevated in the former than in the latter. In the collection deposited by Mr Wetherill in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, there isa fragment of a lower jaw, which exhibits the same characters as the one just described. This fragment consists of the chin, about eight inches of the left and twelve inches of the right ramus. ‘The alveolar processes are much broken, and the teeth are lost. * This jaw was exhibited to the Society. 324 DESCRIPTIONS OF INFERIOR MAXILLARY BONES The inferior maxillary bone described by Dr Godman* is very accurately represented in Plate XXVI., fig. 1 and2. Thechin, theright ramus and a portion of the coronoid process, and about three-fourths of the left ramus are perfect. The mental ridge, each side of the Jabial groove, is sharp and smooth, without that remarkable foliated expansion so conspicuous in the M. giganteum (Plate XXIII.s). Inthe left ramus there is still the first deciduous tooth (Plate XXVI. fig. 2,a) ; on the right side the corresponding tooth has fallen out, and its socket is partly obliter- ated. This tooth (fig. 2) is one inch and five-tenths long, and one inch and one-twentieth broad; its surface is considerably worn, most so an- teriorly. It had four points; anteriorly there is a fold of enamel which, commencing at the external edge of the base of the crown and passing upwards and inwards, terminates in a point; posteriorly there is a some- what similar and rather broader fold of enamel. Anteriorly the crown is rounded; posteriorly it is flattened from contact with its successor ; its grinding surface is considerably worn. It has two roots, one ante- rior, the other posterior. We have seen in the cabinet of William Cooper, Esq. of New York, a fragment of a lower jaw containing one of these teeth exceedingly perfect ; its points are scarcely perceptibly worn. Another specimen isin the cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences.t+ The second tooth (Plate XXVI. c) is one inch and eight-tenths long, and one inch and eleven-twentieths broad. This tooth, like the preced- ing, had two denticules, with two points each. On the anterior of the crown there is a flat fold of enamel similar to that on the first tooth. This tooth has also a heel which rises highest towards its inner aspect. forming a small fifth point. The grinding surface of this tooth is considerably worn. This tooth like the preceding one has two roots ; one anterior, the other posterior. In the Finnel collection there is one of these teeth; it is one inch and seven-tenths long, and one inch and five-tenths wide. * Vol. Ill. p. 478. + This tooth is described in the ‘* Fauna Americana,” as appertaining to a new species of Tapir to which the name 7. Mastodontoideus is given. Mr William Cooper was we believe the first to detect this error; we have carefully examined the tooth, and there can be no doubt of its being the first milk tooth of the animal we are describing. Fig. Mastodon (./77ersenti Cabiunret dm. Philos.See PL.XXVI, Fig. 3. Wit ebb se? Wy) iy, Tetracaulodon /veurng. Perales Museum New Sark OF MASTODONS, WITH REMARKS, ETC. 325 The third tooth (Plate XXVI. c) is three inches and one-tenth long, and two inches and two-tenths broad. This tooth has three denticules, with two points each. On the anterior surface of the crown, it has a fold of enamel rising up in a small point; and along the base of the crown posteriorly there is an horizontal ridge, consisting of a number of very small mammillaform processes. This tooth has three roots cor- responding to its denticules. The fourth tooth (d) is three inches and seven-tenths long,and two inches and eight-tenths broad; it has three denticules, each of which is divided by a deep groove into two rather flattened points, of which the inner is the broader; each of these is again superficially divided by a slight groove. At the base of the crown, both anteriorly and posteriorly, there is a ridge of very small mammillaform points. Each denticule has on its external point, both onits anterior and posterior sur- face, a ridge of enamel, which commences at the base of the process near the central groove and passes upwards and outwards. This ridge appears to exist on all the teeth until it is worn down by use, and we find traces of it also in the teeth of the M. giganteum. The crowns of all the teeth rise on their inner surface nearly perpendicularly, but on the outer side they slope obliquely inwards. The tusk belonging to this jaw is so accurately described by Dr God- man, and so correctly represented in the plate to his paper, that there is no necessity for my doing more than to refer to it. (See Vol. III. N.S., Plate XVIII. fig. 2.) The tusk represented in Plate XXVI. fig. 3, is that of an adult ani- mal. It is eleven inches long, and its largest diameter is two inches, its section is oval. This tusk consists of a central column composed of thin plates nearly parallel to its base ; the whole covered with a coat of enamel, which becomes very thick towards its projecting extremity. The enamel is entirely worn off to the termination of this tusk, and even the central bony column is evidently worn down and smooth, as if from use by the animal; it is also worn at one side. This tusk belongs to the collection of J. P. Wetherill, Esq.* * There is in the cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, deposited by Mr J. Fisher, by whom it was obtained at Big-bone lick, a tusk much smaller than the one we have de- scribed—it is also much less perfect. Waren v.46 326 DESCRIPTIONS OF INFERIOR MAXILLARY BONES The next specimen we shall describe is the right side of an inferior maxillary bone, in a remarkably perfect state of preservation, belonging to the cabinet of the Society. (Plate XXVIII.) The condyloid process in this jaw is considerably higher than in the M. giganteum (Plate XXIII.).. The direction of the condyle also dif- fers, being inwards and backwards. The coronoid process appears to have risen nearly perpendicularly, but its anterior edge and termination are broken. ‘The semilunar notch was evidently deeper in this than in the JZ. giganteum, though its exact form cannot be determined in its present injured condition. The posterior angle is much rounder than in the JZ giganteum. The outer surface, where the temporal muscle was inserted, is very rough, being over a considerable space quite tuberculated; and thereis a distinct semi-circular ridge of these rough elevations, as will be seen on reference to the drawing. (Plate XXVIII. fig. 1, t, t', t’.) Im- mediately anterior to this semicircular ridge, there is an excavation, distinctly striated with muscular impressions (a). ‘The ramus is remarkably cylindrical, and its base much more curved than that of the M. giganteum (Plate XXIII.). ‘The anterior mental foramen (q) is smaller, and nearer to the upper edge of the jaw, than in the other specimens, and the posterior mental foramen is larger than in any of the specimens hitherto described, its largest diameter being nearly nine-tenths of an inch. The ridge at the side of the labial groove is broken, but it appears to have been expanded ; whether or not, as in the M. giganteum, and with irregular terminations, it is of course impossible to divine. This specimen contains but a single tooth. This tooth is sixinches long, and three inches and four-tenths broad. It has four denti- cules with two points each. ‘The enamel on the posterior face of the crown is broken off, and the characters of the heel cannot conse- quently be determined. The grinding surface of the crown is some- what worn, and presents the same arrangement of enamel asin the M. giganteum. In the chin there isa small part of the alveole of the tusk remaining. ‘The direction of this alveole is outwards and considerably downwards, It has been found impossible to give a good view of this alveole in the plate, but its position is marked by the dotted lines representing a tusk. PL. XX VIL. WN ~ \ \ 4 AQ | Tetracanlodon | /delescent Cabinet Cniversity of Ver: _ PL. XXvil. Tetracantodon Colinsit Cabinet Am. Philes Sec. OF MASTODONS, WITH REMARKS, ETC. 327 In the cabinet of the Society there is another fragment of a lower jaw, but of the left side, in all respects similar to the preceding, though much less perfect. ‘Vhe upper parts of both the condyloid and coro- noid processes are deficient, but the anterior edge of the latter is more perfect thanin the preceding specimen, and rises nearly perpendicularly from the ramus, ‘The chin in this specimen is entirely deficient, as is also the whole of the inner table of the ramus, so that the maxillary canal is laidentirelyopen. ‘This bone must have belonged toan animal nearly of the same age as the preceding, or perhaps somewhat younger; the last molar, as is seen from the alveole, for the tooth is wanting, not having ad- vanced by upwards of an inch as far forward as that in the former jaw. Whether or not the specimen described by Dr Godman, and the jaws last noticed belong to the same species, cannot be determined positively without further specimens. The jaw next to be described, however, exhibits differences, which would justify the suspicion that it is spe- cifically different from either. This specimen is represented in Plate XXIX. It consists of a portion of the right ramus of the lower jaw, twenty-two inches and a half long. It contains a single tooth, the posterior molar. The exterior aspect of this jaw, at its angle, is entirely smooth, without any of the rugosities presented in the two preceding specimens. Be- tween the posterior molar and the coronoid process there is a large smooth excavation, z. The ramus of this jaw is much less cylin- drical than that of the species figured in Plate XXVIII, it is much flattened on its exterior aspect, and its base is almost straight. The posterior mental foramen is exceedingly large, upwards of one inch and a quarter in diameter. The posterior molar is seven inches and two- tenths long, and four inches and one-tenth wide ; it has eight pcints and a broad heel consisting of a row of small mammilla, four of which on the inside are very distinct. ‘This tooth differs in various particulars from the posterior molar belonging to the specimen figured in Plate XX VII. It is one inch and a half longer, and seven-tenths of an inch wider, the denticules are higher, and the inner points much higher above the ex- terior ones. Thus in the former, the second denticule (Plate XXVIII. v) rises one inch and eight-tenths from its root, and the inner one two inches and two-tenths; whilst in the latter (Plate XXIX.v) the corresponding 328 DESCRIPTIONS OF INFERIOR MAXILLARY BONES exterior point rises two inches and three-tenths from the root and the inner one three inches and three-tenths, making a difference in the former of half an inch, and in the latter of one inch and one-tenth. The chin in this specimen contains about one half of the alveole for the exserted tusk (fig. 2, z). This alveole is rather more than two inches in diameter; its direction is outwards and downwards, less downwards however than in the preceding species; indeed there is a distinct difference in the position of these sockets in the two specimens. The base of the socket is smooth and flat, and its position somewhat oblique, so that it is rather deeper towards the exterior, than towards the interior; it is perforated by two small foramina for the nutrient arteries, and the nerves of the tusk. It is to be lamented that little positive can be ascertained, as to the localities in which the bones belonging to the Society, and which we have just described, were found, their position in the soil, &e. All that can be collected is, the probability, that they are from the Big-bone lick, and that they are those presented by our late president Thomas Jefferson, Esq., and which are noticed in the communication of Professor Wistar, in Vol. I. N. S., p. 376, of the Transactions. Dentition of the Mastodon. The specimens we have just described furnish some interesting in- formation relative to the dentition of the Mastodon, which we shall now proceed to lay before the Society. The form, and differences, succession and number of the teeth are all subjects of great interest ; and in describ- ing them we shall follow Cuvier, adding such additional information as our investigations have brought to light. The crown of the teeth more or less approaches the rectangular form, slightly inclined however to rhomboidal, and rather narrower anteriorly than posteriorly. It consists of two substances, the interior osseous, the exterior enamel. The crown is divided by deep furrows into a num- ber of ridges or denticules, and these denticules are subdivided by one or more superficial and narrow precesses or tubercles. The outer face of the crown rises nearly perpendicularly, the inner face rises ob- liquely inwards. In the lower jaw, the outer point is higher than the Lil ee, D. Gl Be ioe fig. ‘ Tetracaulodon (Godman Cabinet Am. Philos Soc ‘ : te a] - OF MASTODONS, WITH REMARKS, ETC. 329 inner; in the upper jaw it is the reverse. As the teeth are used, their points become worn down, and the enamel presents a lozenge form, with bone in the centre. The roots of the teeth are formed after the crown. With the remains of the animal described by Dr Godman, there were found a number of points, evidently parts of very young teeth, of which the bodies by which they were to have been connected together had not yet been formed. These points are now in the Museum of Mr Rubens Peale, New York. The number of the roots may be said to correspond to the number of thedenticules. In the teeth with two denticules, the two roots are distinct ; in those with more than two denticules, the anterior and some- times the second root are distinct, the others are united but marked by distinct grooves. The roots are flattened anteriorly and posteriorly ; externally they are slightly and internally deeply grooved. The upper teeth may be distinguished from those of the lower jaw by their roots being more divergent laterally, and by their crowns being broader. The teeth differ from one another principally in their size and in the number of their denticules. In the species of Mastodon which inhabited this country there are three kinds of teeth. The first nearly square and having two denticules ; The second rectangular with three denticules ; The third longer, generally contracted posteriorly, and having four or five denticules and a heel, of various forms. The first mentioned teeth are always anterior, next follow those with three denticules, and lastly those with four and five denticules; but we have never seen those with five distinct denticules in the upper jaw, they appear to belong exclusively to the lower. In the young jaw described by Dr Godman, we find, 1st, a small square tooth, with two denticules; 2d, one rectangular with two den- ticules; 3d, a tooth with three denticules; 4th, one rather larger, also with three denticules. In the upper jaw there are corresponding teeth. Each of the two adult lower jaws having tusks (Plates XXVIII. and XXIX.) contains a tooth with eight points; andit is manifest that there was a corresponding tooth in the upper jaw. The whole number of teeth possessed by the animal described by Dr Godman ( Tefracaulo- don) is then at least twenty; and we think that it is at least probable Vou. IV.—4 H 330 DESCRIPTIONS OF INFERIOR MAXILLARY BONES that the animal possessed an intermediate tooth between the second tooth with three denticules (Plate XX VI. d), and that with four denti- cules (Plate XXIX. /), for we cannot believe the former tooth cor- responds with that represented in Plate XXVII.e. Should we be correct in our views, this animal possessed three teeth, with three den- ticules in each side of each jaw, making the whole number of teeth twenty-four; but to render this certain would require specimens of intermediate ages to those hitherto described. Cuvier attributes to the gigantic Mastodon but sixteen teeth, eight in each jaw; of these teeth he saw the three posterior only of each side : but he indicates the fourth from an alveole in the young specimen pre- sented to the French Museum by Mr Jefferson, and he asks, whether this tooth had two or three denticules. In the young specimen belong- ing to the cabinet of our Society, there are two teeth with three denticules each ; and anteriorly analveole with three depressions, Plate XX. fig. 2, m,n,o. Was there in thisalveolea tooth with three denticules, or were there two teeth with two denticules each, of which the anterior tooth having sometime previously fallen out the alveole for its anterior root has been obliterated? We are inclined to believe that the latter was the fact. It may also be asked whether the tooth represented in Plate XX. fig. 1, d, corresponds with that in Plate XXI. e, in Plate XXIV. e, and in Plate XXV.e? We think not. Cuvier, it is true, considers the tooth with three denticules, in the adult jaw represented in Plate II. fig. 1, Grande Mastodonte,* to correspond with the posterior tooth with three denticules in the young jaw represented in the same plate, fig. 3 and 4; but the difference in the size of these two teeth, and even in their shape, the former being proportionably broader, is very striking. In all the jaws we have examined, this character is constant; thus, compare the tooth represented in Plate XX. d, with thatin Plate XXTI.e, Plate XXIV. e, and Plate XXV.e. It would therefore seem that the Mastodon has three teeth with three denticules; but to render this certain will require further specimens. The succession of the teeth in the Mastodon, takes place as follows: —In all the jaws the anterior teeth will be observed to be most worn. As the anterior teeth are worn down others are formed posterior; the anterior teeth successively fall out, their alveoles are obliterated, and * Recherches sur les Ossemens Fossiles, ‘Tom. I. Paris, 1831, OF MASTODONS, WITH REMARKS, ETC. 331 their successors advance forwards. The number of teeth which are in use in the young animal represented in Plate XXVI. at the same time seems to have been twelve, but probably at a more advanced age was usually not more than eight; and inold age only four. The fact of the jaws represented in Plates XXVIII. and XXIX. having belonged to adult animals is thus conclusively established, all the teeth having been lost, except the posterior molar in each jaw, and that has advanced considerably forward and is much worn. We subjoin the admeasurements of various teeth, appertaining to the lower jaw of the animals under notice. Dimensions of Crown in inches. Tooth. |_-A $A A A SPECIMEN. Length. Breadth. 5 1.5 1.1 Peale’s Museum, New York, Pl. XX VI. 1.4 1 Academy of Natural Sciences—described in Fauna) Americana as the Japir Mastodontoideus. | QW 1.8 1:55 Peale’s Museum, New York, Pl. XX VI. 1.7 1.5 Finnel Collection, New York. 3. 3.1 29 Peale’s Museum, New York, Pl. XX VI. 2.9 1.9 Cabinet of Mr Lea. 3.3 2.5 Cabinet of American Philosophical Society, Pl. XX. 3.2 2.5 French Museum,* figured by Cuvier. 4. 3.7 2.8 Peale’s Museum, New York, Pl. XX VI. 4.1 OWE Cabinetof American Philosophical Society, Pl. XX. 3.8 2.6 French Museum,* figured by Cuvier. 5 4.6 3.5 Cabinet of American Philosophical Society, Pl. XXIV. 4.5 3.3 Cabinet of American Philosophical Society, Pl, XXV. 5.8 a7 Wistar Museum, Pl. XXI. 4.4 3.4 French Museum, figured by Cuvier. 4.3 3.2 Philadelphia Museum. 4.9 3.6 Virginia University, Pl. XX VII. 6. 8.1 4.3 Wistar Museum, Pl. X XT. 6.9 3.8 Cabinet of American Philosophical Society. 7.1 3.7 Baltimore Museum, Pl. XXIII. 7.2 4.1 Cabinet of American Philosophical Society, Pl. XXIX. 6 3.4 Cabinet of American Philosophical Society, Pl. XX VIIL. Ms 3.8 Cabinet of American Philosophical Society, Pl. XXIV. 6.5 3.6 Cabinet of American Philosophical Society, Pl. XXV. 7 3.5 French Museum, figured by Cuvier. 7.1 3.7 Philadelphia Museum. * Same jaw. 332 DESCRIPTIONS OF INFERIOR MAXILLARY BONES Before concluding it may be interesting to offer a few general re- marks on the animals, which are the subject of this communication, with a brief notice of the species hitherto described. For a long time the large animal whose remains are found in this country, was considered as the same with the Mammoth of Siberia, which is a true Elephant. It has been shown however by Baron Cuvier that they are generically different, the teeth of the latter consist- ing of layers of enamel penetrating the whole extent of the tooth, with bony matter interposed between them; whilst in the former the enamel forms only a covering to the bony substance, and does not penetrate it. From the crowns of the teeth, in the species of this genus first known to Cuvier, consisting of mammillaform processes, he named the genus Mastodon, from veer: mammilla, and ahs pdt Juche 6S oer tonite reo ttle papel eee wh pulantion tb shokwiingih es, Sie |: Mating} Wdtipoaae sb Sly ont hy UuEEe (i alia folie er ire = fitheds Aiiqat att = ee Tn) ‘ivhe BY- eitnoghll Seat hy Geng a rein LY (uly nosey? Veqaniitenmlinans, 0 jo tinny ath ee s : "alee Lots ett aos raid sepsdoate yt ae a caola etre nt: bry PA ar: ndcplatiog Vae ‘iis eed ae pid es Nay era ta dee yal Ae ag - haere to rs erly brie asin Awe ‘- an mu 1 ehep- alll anved ax te iho ey aM a buntezytt “pists poke sey fie anlad oviybor. "Vine vpbaboay Le) 7 i ee + a dein a so ibe, WHICH abies ie? Ss hy ee gester tar oon if partys Be. 0¢ ee eae vyletelt Snghct “ahvcee peptone. > he panel ert othe ‘bey are tee akon a Bly | ce nS the hate Sea J ’ 4 ie wap petiive of ay. Yap eawy 27 a oe |) UWS hl et OR, bengds | : rf iglesias Ate Ba irae Pt guste ts oretiee mtn faut {4 | apien Latet! wtp thy ni dae engue tubewells: Sao, nd re ob vo in tha moet eens ; ore Apoygiay wperiet iv siet-od, hadi re bpie Judy ny Og aor", ~~ ; Fgh ~~ e . Say 1h War > Tims Forty F dy a “as ; “3 ere oy A veya ae sectie sie whaling ite doce ow ita oe cc. ee «asco Pah a a rw Heme ' ; : 7) ee o-,)) 405 ARTICLE XIII. Notice of the Discovery of the Remains of the Ichthyosaurus in Missouri, N. A. By Richard Harlan, M.D., §c. Read October 19, 1832, FOR the interesting specimen which forms the subject of the present memoir, I am indebted to the politeness of our fellow member, Major N. A. Ware, who obtained it from a trader, with the information contained in the following label: —*“A trader from the Rocky moun- tains, on his return, near the Yellow-stone knobs, or hills, observed, in a rock, the skeleton of an alligator-animal, about seventy feet in length; he broke off the point of the jaw as it projected, and gave it to me. He said that the head part appeared to be about three or four feet long.” The fossil fragments consist of anterior portions of the upper and lower jaws. The form of the intermaxillary bone, the structure of the teeth, and the mode of dentition, characterize the animal to which these bones belonged as a species of the extinct genus Icuruyosaurus ; and afford us the first indication of the existence of this genus of lost animals on the continent of America. Future discoveries will no doubt demonstrate that our country, already rich in fossil reliquiz, possesses numerous species of fossil Sauriens, those extraordinary inhabitants of a former state of our planet, which sported on the bosom of the ocean, or enlivened the shores of primordial worlds, ere yet the “lord of the eagle eye” had scanned the creation, or waved his magic sceptre over the beasts of the earth. Strange, indeed, are the forms, structures and habits of those beings Vou. IV.—5 B 406 DISCOVERY OF THE REMAINS OF THE with which geological researches are making us acquainted: in the beautiful and sublime at least, the pre-adamitic Fauna and Flora are as yet unsurpassed by those of the present day. Cuvier remarks,—the Ichthyosaurus has the snout of a dolphin, the teeth of a crocodile, the head and sternum of a lizard, the extremities of a whale, and the ver- tebre of a fish; whilst the Plesiosaurus has, with the same cetaceous extremities, the head of a lizard, and a neck resembling the body of a serpent. The remains of four or five species of the Ichthyosaurus have hitherto been discovered in England, France, and Germany. In Eng- land their remains have been found from the new red-sandstone even up to the green sand, which is immediately subjacent to the chalk. They consequently belonged to almost all that epoch of secondary formations, commonly known by the name of Jura formation; but it is to the blue-gray limestone, called lias by the British geologists, that we are to look for the greatest abundance of these organic remains. In the fragment from Missouri, consisting of the snout, or _anterior portion of the upper jaw, the intermaxillary bone is strongly marked by sutures which separate it from portions of the maxillary bones, beyond which it extends nearly two inches anteriorly. The nostrils in this genus being placed near the eyes, the intermaxillary is consequently without perforations for nostrils, and displays a remark- ably dense structure; its greatest breadth is two inches. [t is perfo- rated by several rather large foramina for the transmission of blood- vessels, and contains four incisor teeth, two on each side, broken off on a level with their sockets. ‘The portions of maxillary bones attached, contain three teeth on each side, all equally broken off at the socket; thus making in all ten teeth in a space of alveolar processes four inches long—the total length of the fragment. The alveoles are perfectly distinct, and consist of circular osseous elevations, in the cavities of which the teeth are firmly fixed. ‘The enamel is thick, brittle, and of a jet black colour; the cavities of the teeth are for the most part filled with spath and quartz. The truncated surface of the posterior portion of the fragment displays the mode of dentition, where the young tooth, also hollow, is observed to project its point on the inner side of the root of the old tooth; the root of which it destroys ICHTHYOSAURUS IN MISSOURI. 407 by pressure during growth, and which falling, allows the young tooth to take its place, the point of the young tooth always cutting the gum on the inner and posterior part of the old tooth. On the inner and posterior part of the anterior left incisor, is observed the conical point of a young tooth, projecting in such a manner as to render a new socket necessary for its future accommodation. All the natural vacuities of these bones are filled with the matrix or rock in which they occurred, which consists of a dense blue-black argillaceous limestone, effervescing with weak acids, and not unlike the matrix containing the bones of the Ichthyosauri from the lias of England. Beautiful and rich specimens of these fossils are contained in the cabinet of Mr G. W. Featherstonhaugh of this city. This fragment of jaw is four inches long, two inches eight tenths broad, and two inches in depth at its truncated part. It remains to notice the fragment of lower jaw of the left side, of equal length with the upper portions, and one inch two tenths in thickness, containing the remains of five teeth, broken, and partially covered with the matrix. The exterior surface of the bone is finely scabrous, or marked by the attachments of the skin, and displays numerous foramina for the trans- mission of nerves and blood-vessels. Near the base of the inner surface is a deep longitudinal canal, which probably extended the whole length of the jaw. From an experiment made by placing a portion of these fossils in a dilute solution of muriatic acid, the whole mass would appear to be soluble; thus denoting the loss of the animal constituent of the bones. The above considerations enable us to pronounce with certainty on a fact, in itself interesting to the geologist, viz. the existence of the remains of the genus Ichthyosaurus in the secondary deposites on the banks of the Missouri river. In the present stage of the investigation it is probably premature to pronounce with equal certainty on specific distinctions; yet the magnitude of this skeleton, being thrice the size of the largest of the species yet described, and the geographical position of the fossil, seem to indicate such distinction. On comparison of the teeth of the present species with those of a fine specimen of the head of the largest species, the J. communis, in Mr Featherstonhaugh’s col- lection, peculiarities were observable. It is highly probable that future discovery will throw more light on this interesting subject, as the 408 REMAINS OF THE ICHTHYOSAURUS IN MISSOURI. present skeleton would appear to be not the only one exposed to view in the valley of the Missouri; and, judging from the zeal, ardour, and scientific acumen with which such researches are prosecuted at the pre- sent day in all quarters, we may hope that the era of their resuscitation is not remote. To the Mosasaurus, Geosaurus, Saurocephalus, and fossil crocodiles, the Ichthyosaurus and typifications at least of the Plesiosaurus may now be added to this department of the fossil Fauna of North America. It is not improbable that Lewis and Clarke, in their Expedition up the Missouri, allude to the remains of a similar animal in the following extracts. “Monday, September 10th, 1804, we reached an island (not far from the grand detour, between Shannon creek and Poncarrar river), extending for two miles in the middle of the river, covered with red cedar, from which it takes the name of Cedar Island; just below this island, on a hill, to the south, is the back-bone of a fish forty-five feet long, tapering towards the tail, and in a perfect state of petrifaction, fragments of which were collected and sent to Washington. On both sides of the river, are high, dark- coloured cliffs.” —Vide Lewis and Clarke’s Exp. ed. 1814, vol. i. p. 69. Again, on descending the Yellow-stone river :—*“The north side of the river, for some distance, is diversified by jutting romantic cliffs, these are succeeded by rugged hills, beyond which the plains are again open and extensive. After enjoying the prospect from this rock, to which captain Clarke gave the name of Pompey’s Pillar, he descended and continued his course; at the distance of six or seven miles he stopped, and while on shore, he saw in the face of the cliff on the left, about twenty feet above the water, a fragment of the rib of a fish, three feet long, and nearly three inches in circumference, incrusted in the rock itself.”’—Ibid. vol. ii. p. 358. It has already been stated, that the fossils which we have described were obtained near the junction of the Yellow-stone and Missouri rivers. Should the fossils noticed in the above extracts, prove to be of a similar nature, the fact will display a formation extending from three to five hundred miles in a direction east and west, and north and south. Until further informed, it will be useful to apply to this species some specific appellation, and we propose to designate it as the Ilcurny- osauRus Missourrensis. NOTE. Since writing the foregoing essay, the author has enjoyed a more _ extensive field of observation, in the examination of the numerous and magnificent collections in every department of natural science, both in Great Britain and in France. He has satisfied himself that the Missouri fossil (I. Missouriensis) must be arranged as an extinct genus altogether new, characterised, more particularly, in the fragment in question, by the extreme length, breadth and projection of the intermaxillary bone, in which it presents a marked difference from any species of the genus Ichthyosaurus, and approaches, in a slight degree, animals of the Batrachian order. Vou. IV.—5 B* EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE. Fig. 1. Abdominal view of the vertebra of the Basilosaurus. Fig. 2. Articulating surface of the body of the same. Fig. 3. View of the superior surface of the anterior extremity of the snout of the Ichthyosaurus Missouriensis. Fig. 4. The fractured surface of the same. Fig. 5. Palatine surface of the same. Fig. 6. Lateral view of the same, external surface. Fig. 7. Internal lateral view of the anterior extremity of the inferior maxilla. Fig. 8. Fractured extremity of the same. 409 ARTICLE XIV. Descriptions of new North American Insects, and Observations on some already described. By Thomas Say. Read November 2, 1832. AMBLYCHEILA, Say. Labrum transverse much wider than Jong; mandibles prominent, strongly toothed ; labial palpi elongated ; basal joint short, entirely con- cealed by the mentum; second joint short, spherical, resting on the edge of the emargination of the mentum; the third joint elongated, cylindric, with rigid hairs; fourth joint enlarging to the extremity where it is truncate, somewhat sinuate; mentum, tooth robust, promi- nent, canaliculate before, acute; antennae, second joint two thirds the length of the third; wings none; elytra united ; eyes very small, hem- ispherical, entire ; clypeus at tip entire. A. cylindriformis, Say, (Manticora) Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. This insect which I found near the Rocky Mountains, I described under the genus Manticora, but judging by the present mutilated state of the specimen it seems to agree better with the Megacephala. It dif- fers from Manticora altogether in form, in the smaller size of the head, and in not having a lobed thorax, &c., but it corresponds in the comparative magnitude of the eyes, the diameter of which is hardly more considerable than that of the basal joint of the antenne. In the size of the eyes it differs greatly from Megacephala, also in the circum- _ stance that the basal joint of its labial palpi is altogether concealed by the mentum: but it agrees with this genus in form, and is probably Vox. IV.—5 C 410 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON more closely related to it than to Manticora. Still however, as it does not agree with any known group it may perhaps be proper to construct a genus for its reception. MEGACEPHALA, Latr. M. Carolina, Fabr, This species is certainly found in the southern part of the union: I have an individual that was taken near New Or- leans, it varies a little from West Indian specimens in being less deeply sculptured. CICINDELA, Linn. 1. C. unicolor, Dejean. ‘This species appears to have an extensive range. I received a specimen from Dr Pickering of Massachusetts, and I found another in Florida. It varies in having a slight touch of white on the tip of the elytra. 2. C. marginata, Fabr., Syst. Eleut. 1,241, No. 48. Dejean has de- scribed this species under the name of variegata, Sp. Gen. 1, S4i—see also vol. 2, 414. 3. C. unipunctata, Fabr., varies in having a very small obscure yel- lowish spot, half way between the ordinary spot and the tip, on the margin. 4. C. vulgaris, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1818. Since described by Dejean under the name of obliquata, Sp. Gen. 1, 72, but corrected vol. 2, Supp. 414. 5. C. hirticollis, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1818. Since describ- ed by Dejean with the name of repanda, Sp. Gen. 1, 74, but corrected vol. 2,414. 6. C. dorsalis, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1818. Since described by Dejean with the name of signata, Sp. Gen. 1, 124, but corrected vol. 2, 414, Supp.; and on page 426 of the same Supplement he describes another species under the name of dorsalis, which however will of course be changed, as mine has the priority. 7. C. purpurea, Oliv., Ins. 33, pl. 3, f.34. Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1818, p.419. C. marginalis, Fabr., Syst. Eleut. 1, 240, and De- jean, Sp. Gen. 1, 55. Olivier has certainly the priority, and conse- quently the exclusive right as being the first deseriber of this species. SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 411 8. C. sexguttata, Fabr. Dejean has ascertained autoptically that C. violacea, Fabr. is the immaculate variety of this species. 9. C. 12-guttata, Dej. i obtained a specimen in Missouri state. Of this genus I have in my cabinet twenty-two species, natives of the United states, that have been described. ARETHAREA, Say. Artificial character—Elytra truncated; terminal joint of the max- illary palpi acicular; anterior tibia simple. Natural character—Head large, wider than the thorax, contracted behind at the junction with the thorax; antennae originating beneath a carina, with the first joint much shorter than the head; labrum short. bilobated ; ; the lobes divaricated ; margin hairy ; ee He very promi- nent, arquated, acute; within prominently and acutely denticulated : maxillae rectilinear with rigid hairs within; palpi with the penulti- mate joint dilated; ultimate joint acicular and minute; labium at tip with two equal membranaceous lobes, and a lateral robust seta; palpi very small and feeble, terminal joint somewhat shorter and more slen- der than the preceding one; mentum transverse, simple ; destitute of auricles; thorax cylindrical; truncate before and behind ; elytra broadly truncate at tip: tibiae, anterior pair simple; tarsi with siicaal simple joints; the basal one slightly longest; nails unarmed ; posterior pair of feet with the nails pectinated. Observations—The prominent, arquated and denticulated mandibles of this curious insect resemble, with some accuracy, those of Cicin- dela; but the general appearance and extraordinary assemblage of cha- racters widely separate it. It has the truncated elytra of Lebia and its congeners; the simple anterior tibiae of Cicindela; and a singular character that seems to connect the two families, that of having the anterior pair of nails simple and the posterior pair pectinated. We may also remark, however, that the acicular terminal joint of the maxillary palpi is a trait in common with Bembidium, Bon. A. hellwonis. Head black; thorax rufous; elytra blue.—Inhab. Pennsylvania. Head punctured, somewhat hairy ; eyes small, almost equidistant 412 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON between the tip of the mandibles and the thorax; anfennae, first and second joints pale rufous ; /abrum yellowish rufous; mandibles piceous ; palpi pale yellowish rufous: thorax punctured, excepting along the dor- sal middle; elytra destitute of striae or punctures, blue with a pur- plish reflection; feet and postpectus pale yellowish ; knees and tarsi brownish.—Length three tenths of an inch. The intermediate feet and the antennae excepting the first and se- cond joints are deficient in the specimen. I am not sure whether I obtained it on our journey to the Rocky Mountains, to St Peter’s river, or in Pennsylvania, but I think the latter. CASNONIA, Latr. C. rufipes, Dej. The insect of this genus represented by Drury (Ins. 1, pl. 42, f. 4 and 6) is probably a variety of this species. Dejean has not noticed this figure at all. The Galerita Americana is repre- sented in the same plate. SPHERACRA, Say. Elytra entire ; tibiae emarginate ; terminal joint of the tarsi profoundly bilobated; nails simple ; head as long behind the eyes as before them; thorax subeylindric ; antennae much shorter than the body ; basal joint much shorter than the head, joints excepting the second not very une- qual in length, subcylindric ; labrum emarginate ; palpi with the ter- minal joint somewhat fusiform, subacute: mentum with a prominent acute central tooth. S. dorsalis, Fabr. “Black; elytra striate, testaceous; suture broadly black. Inhab. Carolina. Mus. Mr Bose. «Smaller than O. angustata. Antennae testaceous: head black, pol- ished, broader than the thorax; thorax cylindrical, obscurely ferrugin- ous; elytra striate, testaceous ; suture broadly black, hardly attaining the tip; body black ; feet testaceous.” Fabr. Odacantha dorsalis, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth. 1, 229, In my specimen the head only is black, or rather of so deepa rufous as to appear black, excepting the tip and base. SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 413 This well known species was referred by its discoverer Fabricius, to his genus Odacantha; in which arrangement he was followed by Dejean, who, however, was fully aware of its generic difference from the O. melanura, Fabr. Dejean, in his observations on the genus, says, “that in consequence of the joints of the tarsi being less filiform than those of the type of the genus, almost triangular, the penultimate one deeply bilobate and the extremities of the elytra rounded, it would be perhaps proper to make a new genus of this insect.” In this remark I perfectly coincide, as I cannot see the propriety of joining, in the same genus, two insects whose characters in the artificial system place them in different families, though it cannot be denied that they have many, more intimate, natural affinities. I had written the above with the expectation of introducing a new species, in an insect which, in form and colour, resembles the dorsalis exceedingly to the eye, excepting in size; but on close examination it proves to be widely distinct. CYMINDIS, Latr., Dej. 1. C. platicollis, Say, (Lebia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. 2, new series. This species has been since described by Dejean under the name of C. complanata. In my specimens the palpi are hardly dilated. It varies in having the thorax darker and of the colour of the head. I obtained an individual in Indiana. 2. C. laticollis. Blackish ; thorax transverse ; feet pale rufous ; elytra with slender striae and minute punctures.—Inhab. near the Rocky Mountains. | Body black-brown, punctured, with short hairs: head ; thorax decidedly transverse, with numerous somewhat large punctures; trun- cate before, and a little sinuate behind; margin each side depressed and a little elevated, dull rufous ; at the posterior an obvious tooth ; elytra with very slender capillary striae in which are minute punctures, which are larger and more obvious towards the base and lateral mar- gin; interstitial lines with a very slight convexity, and with numerous small punctures, rather larger than those of the striae ; lateral margin Vou. IV.—5 D 414 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON obscure rufous; tip truncate, without any appearance of sinuation: be- neath obscure rufous, punctured ; feet rufous; thighs and trochanters paler.—Length about two fifths of an inch. I obtained it when on the expedition to the Rocky Mountains with Major Long. The thorax is shaped somewhat like that of Americana, Dej., but is wider, as in platicollis, Say. The elytra have not the slight- est appearance of being sinuated at tip. 3. C. pilosus, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described by Dejean, under the name of pubescens, Sp. Gen. 1, p. 215, but corrected in vol. 2, Suppl. p. 446. CALLEIDA, Dej. 1. C. viridipennis, Say, (Cymindis) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. This species has been since described by Dejean, under the name of marginata, v. Spec. Gen. 1, p. 222, but corrected vol. 2, Supp. p. 450. He has given the name of viridipennis to another species; but as it is a subsequent name, he will of course change it. 2. C. smaragdina, Dej. A specimen of this insect was sent to me by Dr Pickering, from Salem, Massachusetts, so that it is probably a general inhabitant of the Atlantic states, but as I have found it myself but once (in the state of Ohio), I should suppose it is rare. 3. C. purpurea, Say, (Cymindis) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 4. C. decora, Fabr. Say, (Cymindis) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Dej., Sp. Gen. 1, 224. LEBIA, Latr., Dej. 1. L. ornata, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described by Dejean under the name of analis, Spec. Gen. 1, 265, and corrected, 2, Supp. 452. 2. L. viridis, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Dejean has described a species under the same name. It is closely allied to, if not the same as this, but if not the same species, the name must of course be changed. Spec. Gen. 1, 271. 3. L. fuscata, Dej. varies in having the head nearly black, the tho- SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 415 rax yellowish ferruginous, and the elytra paler brown, with the yellow- ish spots, particularly the terminal, almost obsolete. BRACHINUS, Weber. B. stygicornis. Ferruginous; antennae black ; elytra blackish blue. —Inhab. Missouri. Body ferruginous, with short hairs: head with irregular punctures; each side between the antennae, becoming irregular, but slight; linea- tions near the eyes: antennae brownish-blue, first and second joints fer- ruginous : thorax with minute, irregular, transverse lines, dorsal lines well impressed : elyfra slightly grooved, more obviously so towards the base; edges beneath purplish ; postpectus, except in the middle, and venter blackish, with short whitish hairs.—Length seven twentieths of an inch. Var. a. Sutural edge of the elytra ferruginous. I obtained this species in the winter of 1819, when with Major Long’s party at Engineer Cantonment near Council Bluff. It occur- red in considerable numbers, occupying some crevices of rock, eight or ten feet under the surface, in a temporary quarry, where they were hybernating. It differs from cyanipennis, Say, found at the same lo- eality, by the different colour of the antennae, &c. Can this be the janus, or is the guadripennis, Dej., synonymous with that species described in Turton’s Linn. ? CLIVINA, Latr., Dej. 1. C. bipustulata, Fabr. The true species of this author, has almost always, if not in every instance, but two spots on the elytra, and these are terminal. The second interstitial line has seven or eight subequi- distant punctures, and the fourth interstitial line has five or six punc- tures, subequal, excepting the terminal one which is more distant. 2. C. quadrimaculata, Palisot de Beauvois. ‘This species is quite distinct, though very closely allied to the bipustulata. It is similar in size and almost so in form; but the thorax is proportionally longer. In colour it is generally like the preceding, but in addition to the two terminal punctures of the elytra, their base is more or less, but gene- rally obsoletely, tinged with obscure rufous. The interstitial lines are 416 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON altogether destitute of punctures. I have a variety in my collection, of which the elytra are entirely of a rufous colour and even paler than the terminal spots usually appear; these spots are of course not visible. 3. C. viridis, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., has been since de- scribed by Dejean under the name of rostrata, Sp. Gen. 1, 419, but corrected vo]. 2, Supp. 478. Of this genus I have eight described species of this country. CARABUS, Linn. 1. C. vinctus, Weber. I think it highly probable that Dejean is right in considering, as he does (doubtfully however), my C. interrup- tus to be the same as this. Weber’s expression, “lineis elevatis tribus,” renders this conclusion highly probable. 2. C. ligatus, Germar, Sp. Nove, p. 6. Since described by Dejean under the name of carinatus, Sp.Gen. 2, 80. He quotes ligatus doubt- fully as synonymous. His description, however, agrees so perfectly that I feel no hesitation in considering them the same. 3. C. serratus, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described by Dejean under the name of Jineato-punctatus, Sp. Gen. 2, 77; the former has, of course, the priority. 4, C. externus, Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. The largest American species I have seen. It belongs to Dejean’s twelfth division of this numerous genus. What is the C. faedatus, L.? CALOSOMA, Weber. 1. C. duxatum, Say, Jour. Acad, Nat. Sc. 3,149. Dej., Sp. Gen. 2, 196. 2. U. laeve, Dej., Sp. Gen. 2, 210. I obtained an individual of this insect in Mexico. It corresponds accurately with the description ; but in addition I may add that it varies in having a large obscure ru- fous spot on the vertex. 3. ©. calidum, Fabr. My description in the Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. was taken from the true Fabrician species as is evinced by the expression “dilated, impressed, golden dots” as applied to the elytral SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 417 excavations. But I did not sufficiently examine the very closely allied species which Dejean has separated from it, as I supposed it to be only a variety. ELAPHRUS. 1. E. fuliginosus. ‘This new species was found in Pennsylvania by Mr Le Sueur, to whom I am indebted for the specimen; and although the head and thorax are destroyed, yet sufficient character remains to prove it the analogue of the E. uliginosus, Fabr.. of Europe. In comparison with that species, however, many dissimilarities are per- ceptible. The discoidal indentations are larger and more obviously emarginated by the entering angles of the interstitial spaces. ‘The in- terstitial spaces are somewhat Jess regular, and have rather large punc- tures, particularly towards the base ; towards the tips of the elytra the punctures are not larger than those of the uliginosus, but are fewer in number. The body is slightly larger than in that species. It appears to be rare. 2. E. ruscarius. This species I described in the Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., with a mark of doubt, as the E. riparius, Fabr., but having recently compared it more accurately with numerous Eu- ropean specimens, I think it may, with propriety, constitute a distinct, but certainly very closely allied species. In comparison with the ripa- rius, it is rather more robust, of a darker colour, more deeply sculp- tured, as well on the thorax as on the elytra,and the discoidal impress- ions are somewhat larger and more obvious. In these characters my specimens all agree, and I possess more or less mutilated specimens from Pennsylvania, Mississippi, Arkansaw, Missouri and the Rocky Mountains. I therefore have ventured to sepa- rate it as a distinct species. NOTHIOPHILUS, Dumer. 1. N. semistriatus, Say. Closely allied to N. aquaticus, F., and biguttatus, F., partaking of the characters of both. Dejean states that it “ne differe peut-etre pas de l’une des especes d’Europe,” but he does not inform us which of the species ; indeed they are all so closely Vou. IV.—5 E 418 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON allied, that considerable examination is required to detect permanent differences. The elytral puncture is small, and like that of aqguaticus, placed nearer the base than that of the biguétatus, but the striae, like those of the latter, are not obsolete towards the tip; the four basal joints of the antennae are rufous, &c. 2. N. porrectus, Say. N. semistriatus, var. b, Say. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. On close examination I am convinced that this deserves to rank as a separate species. In comparison with either of the spe- cies above mentioned, the ¢horaz is much more contracted behind, and the /abrum is more advanced. ‘The feet are entirely rufous, even in- cluding the thighs. The head is larger than that of the semistriatus, and the striae are not so deeply impressed, but the impressed point of the elytra is similarly situated, though perhaps a little further back. The length is much the same. The colour is tinged with violaceous. CHL/ENIUS, Bonelli. 1. C. pusillus, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described by Dejean under the name of elegantulus. 2. C. tomentosus, Say, (Epomis) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. This species has been referred to this genus by Dejean; the palpi are not sufficiently securiform for Epomis. 3. C. cireumeinctus. Green tinged with violaceous; edges rufous. —Inhab. Louisiana. Body green, more or less tinged with violaceous and brassy, punc- tured ; head minutely and confluently punctured ; in the middle tinged with bronze; lateral edges dark purplish ; antennae reddish brown, three basal joints pale yellow with rufous incisures; /abrum and mandibles honey yellow. the latter black at tip; palpi yellow; terminal joints honey yellow; thorax deeply punctured, sparse near the anterior angles, and almost wanting each side of the middle ; dorsal line acute, almost obsolete ; basal lines widely indented; lateral edge regularly arquated, dull rufous; basal edge rectilinear in the middle and a little oblique each side, making the angles rather more than rectangular ; green a little ‘tinged with brassy: scufel dark purplish ; elytra with profound, obsoletely punctured striae ; interstitial spaces flattened, punc- SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 419 tuated, sericeous ; rather dull green with a slight violaceous reflection ; exterior and apicial edge dull rufous; beneath black ; feet yellow, joints a little rufous; venfer on the margin yellowish.—Length over two fifths of an inch. For this pretty species J am indebted to Mr J. Barabino of New Orleans. 4, C. vigilans. Head and thorax brassy; antennae at base and feet ferruginous ; elytra violaceous.—Inhab. Mexico. Pubescent ; head impunctured, brassy-green, polished ; two obsolete indentations between the antennae ; /abrum transversely narrow, trun- cated, and with the palpi dull rufo-ferruginous; antennae fuscous, pu- bescent, three basal joints subglabrous, rufo-ferruginous ; thorax brassy- green, with rather dense, very short hair, polished; dorsal and basal impressed lines distinct; posterior angles not excurved, but obtusely angulated, almost rounded; elytra bluish violaceous, with punctured striae ; interstitial spaces pubescent, depressed, and minutely granulated, beneath blackish ; feet rufo-ferruginous.—Length half an inch. Much like C. nemoralis, Say, but the antennae of that species are entirely rufo-ferruginous, its posterior thoracic angles are slightly ex- curved, Xe. 5. C. soceatus. Blackish; feet ferruginous with blackish tarsi and joints.—Inhab. Mexico. Body blackish, with a slight violaceous tinge; minutely pubescent, punctured ; head blued-black, glabrous, two slight indentations between the antennae, and an obsolete transverse one between the eyes; an- tennae pubescent, blackish, three basal joints dark piceous ; palpi pice- ous; thorax short; lateral margin regularly arquated ; posterior angles rounded ; impressed lines dilated ; elytra with punctured striae; inter- stitial spaces minutely granulated, depressed; beneath blackish ; feet rufo-ferruginous, joints and tarsi blackish-piceous.—Length nearly half an inch. Resembles vigilans, Nob., but the thorax is shorter and the lateral curvature is more regular, that of the preceding species being almost rectilinear from near the middle to the posterior angles ; the colours also are different in their arrangement. 420 DESCRIPTIONS GF AND OBSERVATIONS ON Of this genus I have sixteen North American described species. OODES, Bonel. 0.2 parallelus. Black ; thoracic angles rufous; feet piceous.—Inhab. Louisiana. Body black, very slightly tinged with piceous; head with but a slightly impressed point between the antennae; anfennae reddish brown, three basal joints honey yellow; palpi honey yellow; mandibles pice- ous; thorax narrowed before, smooth, dorsal line distinct, not extended on the margins; basal lines distinct, oblique; region of the posterior angles a little, but widely, depressed, rufous or sanguineous, and by transmitted light it appears reticulated ; impunctured ; posterior angles rounded, but not obtusely so; greatest width a little behind the mid- dle; elytra with the striae continued parallel to the tip, well impressed, minutely punctured; interstitial spaces depressed, third with a single slight puncture on the posterior fifth from the base; beneath black ; posterior angles of the pectus, epipleura and feet piceous ; anterior tarsi with four not widely dilated subquadrate joints, the fourth joint being as large as the third, and all beneath with dense fastigiate hairs ; inter- mediate tarsi also somewhat dilated. —Length less than two fifths of an inch. The elytra are hardly perceptibly sinuous near the tip. The specimen, for which I am indebted to Mr J. Barabino of New Orleans, is a doubtful congener of the O. helopoides, Fabr., than which the body is somewhat more elongated, the thorax more gradually nar- rowed before. It has at first sight more the appearance of the Harpalus terminatus or Calathus gregarius, Say. The intermediate tarsi are somewhat dilated, the anterior tarsi are not widely dilated and the ter- minal joint is as large as the preceding one. I place it in this genus provisionally, more specimens may show this arrangement to be incor- rect. The parallelism of the striae of the elytra to their termination is a remarkable character, even more obvious than in the helopoides. SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 421 DICELUS, Bonelli. 1. D. purpuratus, Bonelli. Since described by Dejean under the name of chalybxus, Sp. Gen. 2. 2. D. elongatus, Bonelli. Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Dejean is of the opinion that this is not the elongalus of Bonelli, and has de- scribed it with the name of fwrvus, but he has not stated the reasons for this opinion. POGONUS, Zeigl. P. rectus, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. I may add to the description that the striae are well impressed and punctured rather densely on the sides ; third interstitial line with about three punctures, excepting the middle one, hardly distinct from the punc- tures of the striae. PATROBUS, Meg. P. longicornis, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Recently described by Dejean under the name of mericanus, Sp. Gen. 3, p. 34. Why he has added a synonym in this case, I know not. ANCHOMENUS, Bonelli. 1. A. decentis, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Has been recently described by Dejean under the name of gagates. 2. A. eineticollis, Say, (Feronia) ‘Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described by Germar under the name of blandus, Sp. Nove, p. 12, and recently by Dejean by the name of corvinus, Sp. Gen. 3, p. 109. 3. A. extensicollis, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., is also referred by Dejean to this genus. 4. A. decorus, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. is also re- ferred to this genus by Dejean. 5. A. eollaris. Black with a hardly obvious tinge of purple; tibie and tarsi piceous ; thorax subquadrate ; elytra with three punctures on the third interstitial line.—Inhab. Indiana. Body black, polished, glabrous, with a few, rather long, marginal Vou. IV.—5 F 422 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON hairs ; head impunctured ; base of the first joint of the antennae, of the mandibles black-piceous ; antennae at tip brownish, third joint of the same length as the fourth ; impressions between the eyes rather deep; thorax rather short, wider than long, subquadrate, impunctured ; lateral edge regularly curved ; margin slightly elevated, narrow, broader towards the posterior angles; dorsal and anterior lines distinct ; posterior lines dilated, suborbicular, slightly rugous; posterior angles very obtuse; anterior and posterior margins subequally broad ; elytra with acutely impressed striae, regularly punctured; punctures small, obsolete towards the tip; third interstitial line with three punctures, two at the third stria and the terminal one at the second stria; inter- stitial lines much depressed ; fibie, tarsi, knees and extreme base of the thighs piceous.—Length seven twentieths of an inch. This species is rather more robust in proportion to its length than the other American species. The thorax is much broader and shorter. The species is perhaps more like scutellaris, Say, than any other: that insect is remarkably depressed about the region of the scutel. AGONUM, Bonelli. i. A. suturale. Green, polished ; suture cupreous.—Inhab. Mexico. Above metallic green, polished, impunctured ; head with a slight coppery reflection; Jabrum, antennae and palpi blackish: thorax varied with cupreous, dorsal line and basal dots obviously indented; elytra with very slender striae ; interstitial spaces wide and plain, first one cupreous, third with three punctures, equidistant, basal one on the third stria, middle one on the second stria; beneath piceous black ; coxae piceous.—Length three tenths of an inch. This is a brilliant species, equalling in this respect the 8-punctatwm, Fabr., and errans, Nob. and but little inferior to eupripenne, Nob., all of which, together with nutans, Nob., belonging to this genus, although I referred them to the including genus Feronia, Latr. The eupripenne, Nob., is equal in splendour, though not in magnitude, to the 6 -puncta- tum, Fabr. in comparison with parum punetatum, F., the form is more robust, thorax more brilliant, wider, and is as wide at base as anteriorly ; the interstitial spaces also are much more flattened. SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 428 2. A. orbicollis. Black ; thorax rounded ; third interstitial line with three punctures.—Inhab. Mexico. Body black, polished, impunctured ; antennae , basal joint and palpi piceous ; thorax orbicular, truncate before and slightly so behind ; lateral edge regularly arquated, not depressed, but with a simple and equally elevated edge; dorsal line obsolete, anterior and posterior trans- verse lines obsolete ; basal impressed lines or dots distinct ; e/yfra with well impressed striae, which are crenate, not punctured; interstitial lines convex, the third from the suture with three equidistant punc- tures ; feet piceous.—Length nearly seven twentieths of an inch. Size of A. viduum, Fabr., with similar punctures on the third inter- stitial line, excepting that they are equidistant, and these lines are more convex, the thorax is much more orbicular, the feet differently coloured. and there is no brassy reflection. This cannot be the melanarium, Dej., for the striae are as obvious as in the viduwm, and although the thorax agrees with that insect in being “plus etroit” than that of the viduum, yet it would not be described as “subrotundato,” as that au- thor applies the same term to designate the form of the thorax of viduum. It is much like A. punctiforme, Say, but it is a little more elongated, the thoracic lines are much less distinct, &c. 3. A. nutans, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since de- scribed by Dejean with the name of striatopunctatum. 4, A. errans, Say, (Feronia) Journ. Acad. Nat.Se. The interstitial space has three punctures, of which the first and second are somewhat nearer than the second and third. 5. A. punctiforme, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. [I have an individual that has four punctures on the third interstitial space, as Dejean describes his albicrus to have. 6. A. obsoletum, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described by Dejean by the name of /uctuosum, Sp. Gen. 3, 172. 7. A. limbatum, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described by Dejean by the name of palliatum, Sp. Gen. 3, 174. A424 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON OLISTHOPUS, Dejean. 1. O. parmatus, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, p. 181. 2. O. cinctus. Blackish; edge of the thorax, elytra and feet dull rufous.—Inhab. Pennsylvania. Body blackish; head impunctured; antennae dusky, pale rufous at base; palpi piceous; thorax with the dorsal and anterior lines almost obsolete; lateral narrow margin obviously rufous; lateral basal impress- ions very distinct, suborbicular and sparsely punctured ; e/yéra duil red- dish brown, with a slight perlaceous reflection ; striae well indented, impunctured ; interstitial spaces depressed, third space with an im- pressed puncture beyond the middle; feet yellowish piceous, posterior pair darker.—Length less than three tenths of an inch. Much like the parmatus, Say. It is more slender. FERONIA, Latr., Dej. POECILUS, Bon. i. F. convexicollis, Say, resembles F. chalcites, Say, but is shorter, the thorax more convex, and the punctures of the third interstitial stria of the elytra are three, of which the terminal is near the tip. STEROPUS, Meg. 2. F. obsoleta. Blackish-ferruginous ; elytra, striae obsolete each side and at tip.—Inhab. Indiana. Body very dark rufous, polished; Jabrum, palpi, mandibles at base, antennae, feet and abdomen honey yellow; headimpunctured ; a slight raised line over the antennae, inside of which the front is slightly cor- rugated transversely each side; ¢horax with the surface obsoletely cor- rugated, visible in a particular direction; dorsal line acute, slightly im- pressed ; basal lines indented, single, viewed from above orbicular, defi- nitely and rather deeply impressed ; base a little emarginate, not wider than the abdominal petiole ; elytra with punctured, not deeply impressed striae, obsolete at tip and on each side; marginal ocellate punctures about seventeen, in a continuous series rather sparse in the middle ; near the tip very slightly sinuated ; third interstitial space with a punc- SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 425 ture near the middle of the second stria—lLength two fifths of an inch. Closely allied to S. ¢’igeri, Panz., but the thorax of that species is not so narrow at base, and its elytral striae are not obsolete at tip, and not even decidedly so on the sides. It is exceedingly like S. ven- tralis, N., but it is more robust and the sides of the elytra are more arquated. The characters of this species agree very well with the description of tenebricosa, Dej., excepting that the elytra are not “assez fortement sinuees posterieuremeut.” 3. F. obscura. Black; tibiae and tarsi dark rufous; elytral striae obsolete on each side.—Inhab. Indiana. Body black; labrum and base of mandibles tinged with rufous ; palpi dull honey-yellow ; antennae blackish-ferruginous ; front with two indented lines; head impunctured ; thorax not so narrow at base as the petiole ; dorsal line acute, not deeply impressed ; basal lines well indented, definite, impunctured, not orbicular viewed in any direction, very slightly arquated ; elytra striate ; the striae not distinctly punc- tured, obsolete on the lateral submargin,and not so obvious at tip as on the disk; marginal ocellated punctures about seventeen; near the tip rather slightly sinuate; third interstitial tripunctured, the two anterior punctures at the third stria—lLength less than nine twentieths of an inch. Resembles the preceding, but the thorax at base is wider, and the body is longer. In the proportion of the base of the thorax it corres- ponds with F. digeri, Panz., but aside from colour it may be distin- guished by the obsolete lateral striae, the much less dilated thoracic basal lines, Xe. PLATYSMA, Sturm, De). 4. F. oblongo-notata. Dark reddish-ferruginous ; elytra with five or six large subsutural punctures. —Inhab. N. W. Territory. Body with a hardly perceptible metallic gloss; head darker ; thorax with the dorsal line very distinct; lateral basal lines well indented and with obsolete confluent punctures; posterior angles angulated ; elytra striated ; five or six large indented punctures placed somewhat Vout. IV.—5 G 426 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON alternately on the second and third striae; marginal ocellate punctures with their regions indented.—Length nine twentieths of an inch.- This is the analogue of the F. oblongo-punctata, F., corresponding in the punctures of the elytra; but differing in colour, and having the thorax somewhat more robust. 5. F. deparca. Reddish-brown; thorax punctured on the anterior and posterior margins.—Inhab. Mexico. Body reddish brown, rather pale; head much darker, tinged with blackish, impunctured ; antennae short, not reaching the base of the thorax; ¢horaz rather abruptly contracted behind; anterior and poste- rior margins deeply punctured, the punctures of the former not extend- ing to the lateral margin; lateral margin with a puncture furnishing a hair on the middle and another on the posterior angles, which are rec- tangular ; dorsal line distinct, but not deeply impressed ; basal impress- ions dilated and with all the base punctured ; e/ytra with slender striae, not deeply impressed, but with very distinct punctures; seventh stria obsolete towards the tip; epipleura and all beneath paler—Length nearly half an inch. The light colour, with the punctured anterior and posterior thoracic margins, will distinguish this species. It was taken by William Bennett and presented to me by Mr Maclure. ABAX, Bonelli. 6. A. coracinus, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. I think this is the insect that Dejean has recently placed in Ziegler’s genus Myas, and described under the name of cyanescens; the insect agrees perfectly with his description, but as the palpi of my only remaining specimen are deficient, I cannot be certain of its generic identity. 7. F. (A.) permunda. Black, with a pearlaceous reflection ; third interstitial line three-punctured.—Inhab. Indiana. Body black; antennae piceous, dull honey-yellow towards the tip, distinctly compressed ;—joints, in profile a little narrowed to the base ; palpi piceous, not at all securiform, terminal joint less dilated at tip than that of the preceding joint ; thorax with a slight pearlaceous re- flection, rather narrower at tip than at base; lateral margin depressed, SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 427 punctured, gradually reflected to the edge, which is but little arquated ; posterior angles rectangular; disk impunctured; dorsal line well in- dented; basal lines two on each side, punctured within, deeply im- pressed, the exterior one very short ; elytra brownish-black, somewhat iridescently pearlaceous ; striae deeply indented, impunctured ; scutel- lar stria short, but definite; interstitial spaces convex ; third three-punc- tured, first puncture near the base on the third stria, second on the middle on the second stria, third towards the tip also on the second stria; beneath piceous; sides very distinctly and numerously pune- tured.—Length half an inch. I obtained this fine species a few days since under an old log. It does not at all agree with either of the descriptions of Dejean. The labrum is not emarginate. The terminal joint of the palpi is less di- lated towards the tip than that of the A. parallelus, Duftschm., or A. metallicus, Fabr. MOLOPS, Bonelli. 8. F. constricta, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences. STOMIS, Clairv., Dej. S. granulatus. Black, antennae dull rufous, blackish piceous to- wards the base.—Inhab. Mexico. Body black, apterous, polished ; head impunctured ; impressed lines between the antennae very obvious ; antennae blackish piceous to the fifth joint, which with the others are dull rufous; first joint hardly as long as the third; /abrum a little prominent, piceous, widely but not deeply emarginated before; palpi dull rufous, not very widely trun- cated at tip; labial not securiform; mandibles prominent very acute; thorax as long: as broad, not remarkably convex; impunctured ; dorsal line distinct, not extending to the base, which is a little depressed ; lateral margin depressed and reflected, narrow, wider near the poste- rior angles, which are somewhat acute ; lateral edge excurved near the posterior angle ; basal lines distinctly indented and dilated; base con- siderably wider than the peduncle ; elytra somewhat depressed, ovate- oval; surface composed of very minute granules; striae slender, deeply impressed, impunctured; third interstitial space with three nearly 428 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON equidistant punctures, the terminal one much the largest, with minute elevated centres; tip very obtusely sinuous; farsi dull rufous. —Length less than two fifths of an inch. Taken by William Bennett, during his stay in Mexico with Mr Maclure. It will be obvious from this description, that our species does not well correspond with the 8. pumicatus, Panz., but agreeably to the tables given by Dejean it cannot be placed elsewhere. It is larger and more dilated than pumicatus, the basal joint of the antennae is shorter, the palpi are not so obtusely truncated, and its habit and appearance quite different. PELOR, Bonelli. P. avidus, Say, (Zabrus) Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. AMARA, Bonelli. In my paper on the Carabici and Hydrocanthari, published in the Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. 2, new series, as above quoted, I de- scribed five species of the United States, under the genus Feronia, agreeably to the arrangement of Latreille, indicating, however, at the same time, that they belonged to Bonelli’s Amara. But Dejean and many other distinguished entomologists give the group a separate station. 1. A. musculis, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.—Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 477. 2. A. basillaris, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 3. A. impuneticollis, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soe. Dejean thinks it the same as A. frivialis, Duftschm., but I have not yet compared it. 4. A. angustata, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soe. 5. A. obesa, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soe. 6. A. impunctata, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc... De- jean thinks it the same as the familiaris, Duftschm., but I have not satisfactorily compared them. The following species appear to be new. SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 429 7. A. dolosa. Black; oblique line. near the thoracic angle obviously impressed ; elytra with impunctured striae.—Inhab. Mexico. Body black, impunctured ; head with the impressed lines between the antennae obsolete ; antennae fuscous, joints rather short, three basal joints honey-yellow; palpi black piceous ; thoraz rather short, lines not deeply impressed ; oblique line near the posterior angles very distinct ; hair of the lateral margin situated at one third of the distance between the anterior and posterior angles, another hair at the basal angle ; elytra with impunctured capillary striae; interstitial lines depressed, hardly convex: feet piceous black; tibiae and tarsi a little paler.—Length nearly three tenths of an inch. Resembles A. impuncticollis, Nob., and A. communis and vulgaris, Fabr., but differs from all in colour, greater brevity of the thorax, more robust form, &c. Viewed in a particular light, a tint of blue may be, with some difficulty, detected. 8. A. sera. Greenish black; three basal joints of the antennae yel- lowish.—Inhab. Mexico. Antennae fuscous; first, second, third and base of the fourth joints yellowish ; ¢horax impunctured, basal angles rectangular, with the ob- lique line not deeply impressed ; basal lines rather deep, abbreviated, definite, impunctured ; dorsal line distinct; elytra with the striae im- punctured, acutely impressed ; basal abbreviated striae rather long; in- terstitial lines with a very slight convexity, nearly flat; near the lateral tip slightly and rather acutely sinuated; ¢ibiae and tarsi piceous.— Length three tenths of an inch. The thorax is longer than that of the preceding species, and the in- terstitial lines are a little convex, which will readily distinguish it from A. impuncticollis, N. The colours of the antennae as strongly con- trast, as those of A. vulgaris, F. 9. A. furtiva. Pale; thorax punctured at base; elytra with punc- tured striae.—Inhab. Indiana. Body honey-yellow, more or less tinged with dusky ; antennae, palpi and ali beneath paler; Ahead with the frontal impressed lines dilated, distinct ; thorax a little contracted at base, the posterior angles slightly excurved and acute ; dorsal line well impressed, particularly behind the Vou. IV.—5 H 430 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON middle ; basal lines deeply impressed and definite, punctured ; impressed lines of the posterior angles, distinct and rather deep, punctured ; base punctured ; e/yfra with punctured striae ; the punctures orbicular and close set; near the tip obtusely, but not deeply sinuated.—Length less than two fifths of an inch. Resembles the A. fulva, Ill., particularly in the form of the thorax. The colour has sometimes a very slight metallic tinge, but never so obvious as in the fuiva. 10. A.? grossa. Alternate interstitial spaces punctured.—Inhab. N. W. Territory. Body short, robust, convex, blackish piceous ; head ; thorax convex, descending much each side, transverse, oblong-quadrate ; dor- sal line almost obsolete; anterior transverse line hardly obvious; basal margin depressed and somewhat rough; lateral margin depressed, but not elevated except near the posterior angles lightly; elytra with a sinus near the tip; striae well impressed, impunctured ; interstitial spaces with from five to eight distinct punctures on the third, fifth and seventh spaces; marginal series of punctures small, almost indistinct.— Length of thorax and abdomen nine twentieths of an inch. This species I found in the north western part of the United States when traversing that country with Major Long’s party. It is a re- markable insect, readily distinguishable by the peculiar puncturing of the elytra. I have two specimens, both of which are mutilated, so that I am not perfectly sure it belongs to this genus. DAPTUS, Dej. D. inerassatus, Dej. This insect appears to be rare. I obtained an individual in Pennsylvania. It has not yet occurred to me in the west- ern states. CRATACANTHUS, Dej. C. Pennsylvanicus, Dej., isa common insect. But it is not confined to Pennyslvania, as the name would seem to imply; it is abundant in this state, and I obtained three specimens near the Rocky Mountains; SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 431 these are somewhat smaller than the inhabitants of this vicinity, and of a paler colour. PANGUS, Zeigi. P. caliginosus, Fabr. Dejean refers this large species to Pangus, which he makes a division of his genus Selenophorus. ANISODACTYLUS, De. 1. A. dilatatus. Black; thorax transverse quadrate, not contracted behind; impunctured ; first joint of the antennae testaceous.——Inhab. Mexico. Body black, impunctured ; antennae not reaching the base of the thorax ; first joint pale testaceous, second joint darker, remaining joints blackish; impressed frontal lines very distinct; ‘horax without any appearance of puncture, not narrowed behind; lateral edge regularly arquated ; posterior angles rounded ; dorsal line not very obvious; basal indentations much dilated, not profound ; minute longitudinal lines or wrinkles at the middle of the base, and less obvious ones on the ante- rior margin; elytra, striae profound, impunctured ; interstitial spaces depressed ; tip very obtusely sinuous ; abdomen, terminal and anal seg- ments above punctured.—Length less than half an inch. This species is closely allied to the A. caenus, Say, and its form is perhaps still more like that of an Amara in being more obtuse and robust. It is much larger and more rounded behind. It was taken in Mexico by William Bennett, and was presented to me by Mr Maclure. 2. A. Baltimoriensis, Say, (Harpalus) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.; Dej. Spec. A very bad name, as the species is found as well in Indiana as in Baltimore ; but it is a specific name, and therefore unchangeable. 3. A. rusticus, Say, (Harpalus) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.; Dej. Spec.; A. merulus ? Germar. 4. A. caenus, Say, (Harpalus) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.; Dejean Spec. 5. A. agricolus, Say, (Harpalus) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.; Dej. Spec. 432 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON 6. A. carbonarius, Say, (Harpalus) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 7. A. laetus? Dej. An insect is found in this vicinity, which I have referred, but very doubtfully, to the laetus. Its characters correspond to the description, but if it be indeed the same, a very important cha- racter must be added. iy specimen is a male. ‘The alternate inter- stitial spaces are cupreous, and the remaining part is green. It has a very much dilated, slight indentation behind the middle of the elytra, and a smaller one nearer the tip. OPHONUS, Zeigi. QO. interstitialis, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described by Dejeau under the name of Harpalus obscuripennis. HARPALUS, Latr. 1. H. vulpeculus, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described by Dejean under the name of nigripennis. It differs however from his description, by having an impressed puncture on the third elytral stria ; but I have a variety altogether destitute of the puncture. 2. H. viridis, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Subsequently descri- bed by Dejean under the name of assimilis. 3. H. Mexicanus, Dej. Sp. Gen. This appears to be a common spe- cies. Mr Maclure has recently sent me specimens by William Ben- nett, and I obtained it also in that country. 4. H. iricolor, Say, has been recently described by Dejean under the name of dichrous. I obtained a specimen formerly, with a collec- tion I purchased in New York, as having been received from New Haven, and I have since found two in Indiana. 5. H. terminatus, Say, (Feronia) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Dejean, Sp. Gen., refers this species to the present genus. The anterior pairs of the tarsi of the male are clothed with dense hairs beneath. 6. H. amputatus. Elytra greenish, truncate at tip.—Inhab. N. W. Territory. Body blackish ; head with the frontal lines rather slightly indented ; antennae, palpi, tibiae, and tarsi honey-yellow, the tibiae darkest ; thorax with the basal angles rounded ; edge obscure rufous ; dorsal line SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 433 obsolete, or slightly impressed ; basal lines substituted by dilated, slightly indented spaces, in which are numerous small punctures ; posterior la- teral margin with small punctures ; basal margin obsoletely tinted with greenish ; elytra with impunctured striae, more or less green, some- times bright green ; suture, outer and terminal edges obscure rufous; tip widely and somewhat obliquely truncate.—Length less than two fifths of an inch. Var. a. Elytra reddish brown, with hardly any tint of green. Readily distinguished by the truncated appearance of the tip of the elytra, from H. aeneus, F., which has the elytra decidedly sinuate at tip, and even abruptly so. 7. H. ocreatus. Black green; impunctured ; feet pale yellowish.— Inhab. Mexico. Body very dark green, impunctured; head black, with hardly any appearance of green; antennae honey-yellow, the joints, excepting the first and second, with darker centres; palpi and base of the mandibles honey-yellow ; Jabrum with a slight projecting angle in the middle of the emargination ; thorax blackish green, hardly narrower at base; dorsal line indistinct, but more obvious in the middle ; basal indenta- tions dilated not profound; lateral edge dull honey-yellow; posterior angles obtuse ; elytra obviously tinged with green; a little wider at base than the thorax; striae very slender, impunctured ; interstitial spaces flat, third space with a puncture at three fourths the length from the base; lateral edge near the tip and suture near the tip ob- scurely piceous ; tip deeply and rather obtusely sinuous ; beneath black, the greenish tinge hardly perceptible; feet yellowish; ¢arsi rather darker ; first joint of the anteriors of the male somewhat smaller than the second; these tarsi have beneath close set hairs.—Length over seven twentieths of an inch. This species has almost the Amara like form of some species of Anisodactylus, in which genus I should have placed the species but for the angle in the emargination of the mentum. It is very closely allied to terminatus, Say, but is rather more robust, the head and thorax are differently coloured, the posterior lateral margin is more depressed, &c. Vor. IV.—5 I 434 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON It must resemble closely H. agilis, Dej., of which it may possibly be a variety. It was obtained by William Bennett, and presented to me by Mr Maclure. STENOLOPHUS, Meg., Dej. S. cinctus. Dark piceous ; margin and suture of the elytra honey-yel- low; feet pale yellow.—Inhab. Massachusetts. Body blackish piceous; antennae fuscous, three basal joints and /a- brum honey-yellow ; mandibles piceous, black at tip; thorax rather convex, a little narrowed behind gradually; base rectilinear, each side a little arquated to the posterior angles, which are obvious but almost rounded ; lateral edge but slightly arquated, nearly rectilinear behind the middle, near the posterior angle hardly perceptibly excurved ; dor- sal line very distinct; anterior transverse line distinct, obtusely ar- quated ; basal lines so much dilated as to extend to the lateral angle, including a few sparse, profound punctures; base and tip and exterior edge paler piceous; elytra with impunctured, deeply indented striae, less profound towards the margin; rudimental striae none; sutural interstitial space paler piceous; dilated exterior margin honey-yellow ; lateral series of punctures, with the exception of a small one, widely interrupted in the middle ; feet pale yellow.—Length less than three twentieths of an inch. For this insect I am indebted to Dr Harris. On a cursory exami- nation I considered it identical with S. ochropezus, Say, notwithstand- ing its great inferiority of size, which may at once distinguish it. The thoracic posterior angles are much more obtusely rounded in that spe- cies, the punctures of the basal lines are much more numerous and extend nearly to the basal middle, the dorsal line is obsolete, &c. ACUPALPUS, Latr., Dej. 1. A. partiarius, Say, (Trechus) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described by Dejean under the name of ¢estaceus. I have recently re- ceived a specimen from Louisiana, for which I am indebted to Mr J. Barabino. SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 435 2. A. conjunctus, Say, (Trechus) ‘Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described by Dejean under the name of misellus. 3. A. rupestris, Say, (Trechus) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described by Dejean under the name of ¢antillus. 4. A. debilipes. Piceous black; base of the antennae and feet pale yellowish.—Inhab. Indiana. Body very dark piceous, almost black ; head impunctured ; between the antennae on each side a dilated very obvious indentation ; antennae brown, three basal joints yellowish ; mandibles at tip black; palpi yel- lowish, rather pale; thorax widest before the middle, gradually nar- rowed, by a regular arquation of the edge, to the base; basal angle obtusely rounded; anterior and posterior margins on their middles obviously piceous ; dorsal line well impressed, very distinct, not abbre- viated ; anterior transverse line obvious in all its length, arquated ; basal Jines dilated, orbicular, obvious, with a few, smail, sparse punc- tures within or rather near the base ; e/yéra with slender striae ; inter- stitial spaces flat, third with a puncture between the middle and tip ; marginal and sutural edges towards their tips piceous; rudimental striae none, but instead of it isa puncture at base of the second striae ; feet pale yellow.—Length less than three twentieths of an inch. 5. A. obsoletus. Dark piceous ; striae of the elytra obsolete.—Inhab. Mexico. Body dark piceous, impunctured ; antennae, labrum and palpi honey- yellow ; thorax with pale piceous anterior and basal margins; lateral margin with eight or nine hairs; dorsal line almost obsolete ; basal im- pressions dilated, oval; e/ytra with the basal, exterior and apicial mar- gins paler piceous ; sfriae obsolete, excepting the subsutural and late- ral ones; a series of large punctures behind the middle of the exterior margin ; feet pale honey-yellow.—Length one fifth of an inch.* * Count Dejean has done me the favour to send me the four volumes of his ‘Species des Coleopteres,”” which have now been published. This workis indispensable to all those who study the Coleoptera. It contains the descriptions of a great number of North American species, and has greatly facilitated my examination of the insects described in the preceding part of this paper. 436 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON BEMBIDIUM, Latr. 1. B. inaequale, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol. 3. p. 151. Very closely allied to paludosum, Panz., and may possibly be only a variety of that European species, nevertheless it is somewhat smaller, the thoracic impressed lines are more distinct, particularly the trans- verse basal one, and the striae of the elytra are more dilated and the punctures more obvious. As it is the analogue of paludosum, it be- longs to the genus Bembidium, as at present restricted. 2. B. honestum, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. When describ- ing this species I stated that the elytral striae are “ not obsolete behind.” This may be corrected by substituting the phrase “almost obsolete he- hind.” The punctures of the striae are large and obvious at base, but are obsolete, or rather entirely wanting on the posterior third. The exterior margin and epipleura are blackish green. 3. B. punctatostriatum, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. The poste- rior angles of the thorax are very acute ; the basal and anterior mar- gins are slightly longitudinally wrinkled, the dorsal line transversely wrinkled on its margins, and the basal lines are obliquely wrinkled ; the sides of the thorax are also somewhat undulatedly wrinkled. The third interstitial space is much wider than the others, and the posterior puncture is much nearer to the anterior puncture than to the tip. 4. B. laevigatum, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. The basal thora- cic lines are much dilated. 5. B. coxendix, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3,151. Antennae with the three basal joints and base of the fourth pale yellowish ; palpi (in the dry state) pale yellowish, dusky at tip; face with an impressed line each side; vertex longitudinally wrinkled ; thorax with the pos- terior margin a little depressed; surface somewhat wrinkled trans- versely and at base longitudinally ; basal indentations dilated, minutely rugose ; elytra with the anterior and posterior discs obscurely testa- ceous.—I am not so fortunate as to possess definitions of the several genera into which this genus, as originally constructed by Latreille, has been recent!y divided ; but I rather think, by analogy, that the pre- sent species is a Peryphus, Meg. SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 437 6. B. dorsale, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. This species varies considerably. The dorsal line is more or less obvious, and sometimes rather deeply impressed. In one specimen is a slight appearance of puncturing on the middle of the thoracic base. ‘The thorax is more or less engraved with undulated lines, which are sometimes almost im- perceptible. Perhaps a Notaphus, Meg. 7. B. tetracolum, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Allied most closely to Peryphus rupestris, lig, than which it is somewhat larger. 8. B. postremum. Blackish ; elytra brownish, obscure yellowish at tip.—Inhab. Pennsylvania. Head greenish black ; face with an indented line each side, between which and the eye is a large orbicular puncture; antennae fuscous, piceous at base; palpi dark honey-yellow; mandibles at base piceous ; thorax bronze black, very obscurely piceous on the middle of the an- terior margin; contracted behind; posterior angles obtuse-angular ; dorsal line impressed ; anterior transverse very obvious, arquated ; basal lines dilated, suborbicular ; basal margin with slight inequalities or punctures between the basal lines; a slightly elevated line on the lat- eral margin, forming a groove with the slightly elevated edge, more obvious near the angle and becoming obsolete before ; elytra very dark honey-yellow, or brownish, much paler at tip; striae somewhat dilated, and with dilated, quadrate, profound punctures; striae more slightly impressed towards the tip, and the punctures obsolete; third intersti- tial space a little broader than the others, with a puncture before the middle and another equidistant behind the middle, both nearer the third stria; wings perfect; beneath black; abdomen tinged with piceous ; Jeet pale yellowish.—Length one fifth of an inch. Resembles fetracolum, Say, but the elytral striae are more dilated, the punctures of the third interstitial space are more anterior and the posterior pale spot of the elytra is quite terminal. Belongs to the genus Peryphus, Meg. - 9. B. nigrum, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. The striae are so much dilated that no punctures are visible on the third interstitial space. 10. B. sigillare. Cupreous; elytra with two, dilated, subquadrate green spots on each; fourth stria rectilinear.—Inhab. Missouri. Vou. IV.—5 K 438 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON Body bronzed-cupreous, somewhat polished ; head greenish each side and before; an impressed line near the eye, between which and the eye is a dilated puncture ; anfennae blackish green, first joint beneath piceous ; palpi black piceous, tinged with green; thorax rather broader behind than before; posterior angles acute; lateral edge excurved be- hind ; dorsal line distinet, but not deeply impressed, not abbreviated ; basal lines dilated ; e/yéra with punctured striae, punctures almost ob- solete towards the tip; fourth stria not undulated; third interstitial space as broad as the seventh and with two dilated impressed subqua- drate spots, green, and including each a puncture, and placed near the middle; beneath dark green; feet blackish green; tibiae and base of the thighs piceous greenish.—Length less than one fourth of an inch. I obtained this species during the journey of Major Long’s party to the Rocky Mountains. It is very distinct from the inaequale, Say, which it somewhat resembles, by many characters. That of the rec- tilinear fourth stria of the elytra, is an obvious one. 11. B. semifasciatum. Greenish black ; elytra each with four spots ; third interstitial space two-punctured.—Inhab. Mexico. Head metallic green; two impressed lines between the antennae very distinct ; antennae dull piceous; Jabrum and palpi blackish ; thorax metallic green with a slight tinge of cupreous; dorsal line slender ; lateral indentation of the base obvious, bounded near the angle by a carinate, abbreviated line; lateral edge with a hair rather before the middle and another at the posterior angle, not arquated from behind the middle to the basal angle; elytra, blackish with a slight cupreous tinge, with well impressed punctured striae, distinct to the tip; inter- stitial lines depressed, plane; third line with a transverse indentation be- fore the middle and a less distinct one behind the middle ; a dull honey- yellow dot on the middle of the base, a semifascia before the middle, another behind the middle, and an irregular apicial spot; beneath black; feet piceous.—Length over three twentieths of an inch. Resembles N. ustulatus, Fabr. and therefore probably is a Notaphus, Meg. 12. B. oppositum, Say. Resembles the maculatum, Gyll., and pro- SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 439 bably belongs to Lopha. The sutural stria is impressed from the mid- dle of the tip. It is somewhat bronzed. 13. B. ephippiatum. Pale testaceous; elytra with punctured striae and a large common blackish spot.—Inhab. Indiana. Body pale testaceous or honey-yellow ; antennae paler than the head, a little darker towards the tip; palpi colour of the antennae; thorax widest before the middle, gradually contracting by an almost rectilin- ear, but hardly perceptibly concave line, to the basal angle, which is rectangular; dorsal line but slightly impressed, obsolete before ; basal lines hardly distinct from the depressed basal margin, which is minute- ly wrinkled ;-e/y/ra with impressed, punctured striae, obsolete at tip ; seventh stria wanting; third interstitial line with two small orbicular punctures, one before the middle and the other a little behind the mid- dle; a very large common blackish spot on the middle, within which the suture is reddish brown; suture behind the spot blackish ; a small, obsolete blackish spot at base each side of the scutel; fee pale yellow- ish.—Length one tenth of an inch. At first view it resembles proximum, Say, both as respects size and colour, but it may be distinguished by many characters, of which the punctured striae is one. 14. B. tripunctatum. Piceous; elytra with five abbreviated striae ; thorax three-punctured between the dilated basal lines——Inhab. In- diana. Body piceous; head and thorax darker; antennae light brownish, paler at base; palpi pale yellowish; thorax with the dorsal line dis- tinct, terminating on the basal margin in an impressed puncture, on each side of which is another rather smaller puncture; basal lines much dilated, deeply undulating the posterior edge of the thorax; elytra with about five, rather obtuse striae, not extending to the tip or base; sides destitute of striae excepting a marginal interrupted one; an indentation each side of the scutel and on the humerus.—Length four fifths of an inch. The dilated basal thoracic lines deeply indenting the posterior edge, together with the three intervening punctures, will readily distinguish 440 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON this species. At first view it resembles B. flavicaude, Say, but is more highly polished. 15. B. ineurvum. Piceous; elytra with a honey-yellow vitta from the humerus, a little dilated at its termination before the tip.—Inhab. Tndiana. Body piceous; head blackish-piceous; antennae honey-yellow; thorax a little contracted gradually to the base; dorsal line slender and slightly impressed ; basal transverse line deeply impressed, with nu- merous minute wrinkles; basal lines dilated, undulating the posterior edge ; elytra polished, with a profoundly impressed, somewhat dilated, simple, sutural stria; the second stria obsolete; an interrupted stria on the lateral margin; a dilated indentation each side of the scutel, and a smaller one on the humerus; a dilated vitta from the humerus, near its tip, curvesa little towards the suture, and is in that part a little more dilated: venter black piceous; feet honey-yellow.—Length over four fiftieths of an inch. Resembles the preceding, but is destitute of the three punctures at the base of the thorax, and with that species belongs probably to Pery- phus, Meg. Of the genus Bembidium, Latr., [have twenty-two described species natives of North America. DYTISCUS, Linn., Latr. i. D. confluens. Blackish brown, margined with honey-yellow ; four exterior grooves of the elytra nearly or quite geminately conflu- ent at tip.—lInhab. Maine. Body blackish brown with a green reflection, covered above with minute punctures; Aead dark green, with a frontal rufous semicircle, divaricating at its anterior tips into a more dilated spot between the canthus of the eye and the nasus, which is yellowish, excepting the anterior edge; above the nasus a transverse impressed line, ending each side in a more dilated spot ; thorax margined all around with honey- yellow ; anterior margin with a somewhat double line, of which the posterior one is obsolete; posterior margin with the yellow colour, near the lateral angles, contracted or almost obsolete ; elytra with SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 441 about ten grooves which extend three fourths the distance to the tip, the four exterior interstitial spaces confluent, or nearly so, by twos; lateral margin not dilated, honey-yellow with an obsolete branch towards the tip proceeding obliquely to the suture ; beneath honey- yellow, sutures more or less margined with black.—Length one inch and a half. This fine large species was sent me by Dr E. Holmes of the Gardiner Lyceum, together with many other interesting objects of natural his- tory. It is more than double the size of D. fasciventris, Say, and may also be distinguished from that species by the confluent termination of the four exterior grooves of the elytra in the female. It is less dilated than the Jatissimus, Fabr., and is destitute of the wide elytral mar- gin. 2. D.habilis. Blackish olivaceous ; thorax and elytra margined with yellow; elytra with three series of punctures.—Inhab. Mexico. Body oval; above with minute, distant punctures; head with a fron- tal rufous angular line or semicircle, divaricating at its anterior tips into a more dilated spot between the canthus of the eye and the nasus, which is yellow, excepting the anterior edge; above the nasus on each side is an orbicular, punctured indentation ; front each side at the eye with an indented, punctured line ; thoraa with a broad yellow margin; dorsal line acute, distinct, not extending upon the margins; a line of impressed punctures on the anterior margin interrupted in the mid- dle; lateral margin not at all depressed ; sewfel honey-yellow on the posterior submargin ; elytra with three series of impressed punctures ; the exterior series less distinct ; general puncturation near the tip much larger and more obvious ; posterior margin yellowish with an obsolete undulated branch proceeding obliquely towards the tip ; beneath varied with blackish, piceous and yellow.—Length one inch. A male of this species was taken by William Bennett in the river beyond Vera Cruz, and, together with the two following, presented to me by Mr William Maclure. It is allied to the D. marginalis, F., but that species in form approaches the ovate; the present also is much smaller and oval. Vou. IV.—5 L 442 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON 3. D. bimarginatus. Black; head and thorax rufous; elytra with a yellow vitta on the lateral submargin.—Inhab. Louisiana. Body oval, blackish ; head honey-yellow, posteriorly black ; palpi and antennae yellowish; thorax honey-yellow; posterior margin black, which is more dilated on the middle half; elytra with three series of distant slight punctures; on the lateral submargin a yellow vitta, which passes a short distance on the humeral base, and posteriorly diverges a little from the margin, attenuates, and does not reach the tip; margin and epipleura dull rufous, not reaching the tip; beneath piceous black ; pectus and anterior feet yellowish; terminal joints of the /arsi piceous ; posterior pairs of feet piceous ; intermediate thighs dull yellow ; venfer each side with obsolete piceous spots. —Length less than half an inch. For this species I am indebted to the politeness of Mr J. Barabino, who sent it to me from New Orleans. : COLYMBETES, Clairv. 1. C. taeniolis, Say, (Dytiscus) Trans. Amer. Philos.Soc. In Mex- ico is a variety, being smaller. The specimen is a male, and proves that the species must be placed in the present genus. It was taken in the river beyond Vera Cruz. 2. C. gutticollis. 'Thorax yellowish with four black spots; head black, anteriorly and band of the vertex yellow.—Inhab. Mexico. Head black ; a transverse yellowish band between the nearest points of the eyes; a dilated yellowish triangle occupying all the anterior part of the head, the apex being at the middle of the face; antennae and palpi honey-yellow, dusky at their tips; ¢horax honey-yellow, an- terior margin blackish; posterior margin dusky ; four large black spots in a transverse series, the two intermediate ones nearer together ; elytra honey-yellow with minute black points more or less crowded so as to give a dusky, sometimes almost blackish appearance ; lateral margin destitute of black punctures, but with a black line on the posterior cur- vature ; at base, particularly the humeral base, destitute of the black punctures; three regular series of small black dots ; beneath black ; SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 448 pectus, feet and epipleura yellowish.—Length over two fifths of an inch. Taken in the river beyond Vera Cruz. It is about the size of the C. adspersus, F., which it considerably re- sembles, if we except the thoracic black dots. 3. C. fenestralis, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described by Germar under the name of biguttulus, Sp. Insect., p. 29. 4. C. interrogatus, Fabr. Syst. Eleut. C. venustus, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. When describing this species I stated that it “may probably prove to be the interrogatus of Fabricius.” Of this I have now so little doubt, that I venture to reject the name I then provisionally gave, and to adopt the true or anterior name. Dejean is also of the opinion that it is the interrogalus, F. Sturm, however, considers it distinct. COPTOTOMUS, Say. Tarsi distinctly five-jointed ; basal joints of the anterior pair of the male subequally dilated or gradually tapering ; posterior nails appressed together and apparently single; posterior feet natatory, base of the thighs naked ; antennae eleven-jointed, at least as long as the head and thorax, filiform ; scutel distinct ; terminal joint of the palpi somewhat compressed at tip and emarginate. Observations—This genus differs from other genera of this family in the character of the emarginate palpi, excepting the genus Noterus, which is destitute of an apparent scutel and the emargination of the palpi is confined to the labial. The name is derived from the words copto I cut, and fome joint or articulation, in allusion to the form of the palpi. C. serripalpus. Yellowish ; elytra brownish varied with whitish.— Inhab. Mexico. Body oblong-oval, honey-yellow ; head black on the posterior margin ; labial palpi with the penultimate joint crenate or bituberculate before ; thorax on the middle of the anterior and posterior margins broadly black ; elytra brownish, with very numerous, minute honey-yellow 444 DESCRIPTIONS GF AND OBSERVATIONS ON points; two very slightly impressed striae, with punctures hardly dis- tinguishable from minute inequalities of the surface, and an indistinet part of a series of hardly impressed punctures each side; from the base near the scutel proceeds a whitish broad vitta one fifth of the length of the elytra, bifid at tip; from the humeral base to the tip proceeds a broad, interrupted and somewhat irregular vitta also whitish; venter piceous.—Length less than three tenths of an inch. This insect was obtained on the estate of the Conde del Regla about 10 leagues N. E. of the city of Mexico by William Bennett, and pre- sented to me by Mr William Maclure. It cannot be the Dytiscus cir- cumscriptus, Germ., which is “ breviter ovali.” LACCOPHILUS, Leach. L. maculosus, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since described, by Germar, also under the name of maculosus, Sp. Gen., p. 30. HYPHIDRUWS, Lair. ii. punctatus, Say, (Laccophilus) Journal of the Acad. Nat. Se. HYDROPORUS, Clairv. 1. H. bifidus. Elytra with a subsutural, impressed, punctured stria. —Inhab. Mexico. Body biack ; head with much-dilated indentations between the eyes; a longitudinal honey-yellow line, more dilated before ; antennae yel- lowish, dusky at tip; thorax with a submarginal honey-yellow band before having three processes, one in the middle, and one, rather more dilated, on the lateral margin, not reaching the posterior edge; elytra with a very distinct, punctured, impressed, subsutural stria, and about two other hardly obvious ones near the middle ; bifid yellowish lines at base near the tip; feet dark honey-yellow.—Length less than one fifth of an inch. This species and the two following were taken by William Bennett in asmall river beyond Vera Cruz, and were presented to me by Mr Maclure. 2. H. nudatus. Beneath black; feet yellowish: thorax and head SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 445 on their disks yellowish ; elytra blackish with lines and tip yellowish. —Inhab. Mexico. Head with numerous deep punctures, honey-yellow on the disk, blackish each side and behind; antennae pale yellowish, dusky at tip; thorax with numerous deep punctures, more dense and obvious to- wards the base, honey-yellow, anterior and posterior margins dusky ; elytra brownish-black, with numerous, profound, approximate punc- tures; striae not distinct, but traces of two may be discovered near the base; about four more or less confluent lines at base, irregular ones each side and tip dull whitish yellow; beneath black, pectus yellow; Jeet honey-yellow.—Length over three twentieths of an inch. 3. H. sericatus. Yellowish; elytra blackish with abbreviated lines and margin dull yellowish.—Inhab. Mexico. Dull honey-yellow, somewhat sericeous above; head with a dilated, not profound, indentation each side, and numerous small punctures ; antennae also honey-yellow ; thoraz a little dusky on the anterior and posterior margins, with numerous, small, slightly impressed punctures ; elytra dark brownish, almost black, more obviously sericeous than the thorax ; striae none; lateral margin dull honey, dilated near the base into a band of about four abbreviated, unequal, longitudinal lines, ex- cepting the inner one, not reaching the base, another somewhat similar band behind the middle and slight double dilatation at tip of the same colour. —Length less than one fifth of an inch. This species was obtained in the same locality with the seuetbags It is closely allied to undulatus, Say, but is more sericeous, the elytral lines are not so dilated or confluent, &ce. 4. H. interruptus. Black; feet, frontal line, three thoracic spots, and many elytral abbreviated lines yellowish.—Inhab. Pennsylvania. Body blackish ; head with a slight piceous tinge ; an anterior honey- yellow. triangular spot, the superior angle near the vertex ; antennae pale yellow, dusky at tip; thorax obsoletely tinged with piceous ; a lateral irregular spot, and a dorsal, longitudinal, somewhat fusiform one, honey- yellow; e/ytra with an oblique impressed line at the inner angles, a slightly impressed subsutural stria, and an obsolete one on each side of the middle; lateral margin with two slender oblique branches before Vou. IV.—5 M 446 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON the middle, slender subsutural vitta exterior to the stria, interrupted line or two along the middle, a small spot behind near the middle and about two transverse series of two or three short lines, dull honey- yellow; beneath black ; pectus, feet and epipleura yellowish.—Length over three twentieths of an inch. 5. H. discicollis. Reddish brown, somewhat sericeous, minutely punctured, middle of the thorax without punctures—Inhab. N. W. Territory. Body entirely dark reddish brown, with minute punctures; head ; thorax with the disk impunctured, polished and a little more convex; elytra darker than the thorax, more obviously sericeous; lat- eral margin a little paler; spot at the tip dull yellowish; postpectus black piceous.—Length three twentieths of an inch. I obtained an individual of this species during Long’s Expedition to the source of St Peter’s River, and although it is now mutilated, yet I have no hesitation in giving it as distinct from any other I am acquainted with. HALIPLUS, Latr. H. 12-punctatus, Say. Some specimens were found in Mexico, in the locality above mentioned by William Bennett, and presented to me by Mr William Maclure. They vary a little from those of this region in being very slightly more elongated and larger; but the spots, their ar- rangement and the sculpture appear to be precisely the same. The species is therefore found over the greater part of North America east of the Rocky Mountains. NOTERUS, Lair. N. bicolor. Honey-yellow; elytra black, punctured.—Inhab. Lou- isiana. Head and thorax honey-yellow; eyes black; palpi not deeply emar- ginate ; elytra black, punctured ; at tip obsoletely piceous, very obliquely and slightly truncate; acute; beneath honey-yellow, or piceous.— Length one tenth of an inch. For this species I am indebted to Mr Barabino. SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 447 HYDROCANTHUS, Say. H. atripennis. Ferruginous; elytra black.—Inhab. Mexico. Head and thorax ferruginous ; the former with an oblong triangu- lar, obsolete, darker spot between the eyes, and the latter with an im- pressed line on the lateral submargin ; elyfra blue-black, immaculate, impunctured ; pectus, as well as the head beneath, dull yellowish; sternum flat, at its anterior tip acute, but not prominent, dusky ; post- pectus blackish, dull yellow at tip; feet, intermediate and posterior pairs blackish, slightly varied with piceous.—Length less than one fifth of an inch. This is the second species of this genus; the first I published in the Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. 2, new series. The genus is allied fo Noterus, Latr., but the labial palpi are much more dilated, and have no appearance of emargination. GYRINUS, Linn. 1. G. emarginatus, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Since descri- bed by Germar under the name of vit/atus, Spec. Nov. 2. G. analis, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Germar is of opinion that this is the same as natator, F.; but on comparison, I find it to differ in many small characters, the most obvious one of which is the colour of the epipleura, that of the natator being light piceous, whilst in the analis it is of a bronzed black, &c. It is no doubt a closely allied species. 3. G. obtusus. Black; feet honey-yellow; behind obtuse.—Inhab. Mexico. Body black, polished; head with two indented dots between the eyes ; mouth piceous ; antennae piceous-black ; thorax with the anterior lateral, posterior lateral and medial impressed lines very distinct ; elytra obtuse behind and widely truncate; near the tip obviously depressed ; punctures well impressed, in regular series, the intervals not impressed ; beneath dark piceous, somewhat paler on the edges of the segments ; Seet and tip of the venter honey-yellow.—Length over one fifth of an inch. 448 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON It may be distinguished from the analis and limbatus, Nob., and from the natafor, Fabr., and marinus, Gyl., in being more obtuse be- hind and the consequent greater truncation of the elytra. 4. G. pareus. Black; feet honey-yellow.—Inhab. Mexico. Body rather robust, black, highly polished ; head with two indented, oblique lines between and before the eyes; ¢horax with the impressed lines very obvious; elytra with very distinct, well impressed series of punctures, the intervals not at all impressed; tips obtusely rounded ; feet honey-yellow.—Length nearly one fifth of an inch. In comparison with minutus, Fabr., this species is a little longer and much more robust, more highly polished and the impressed lines of the thorax and dots of the elytra are more profound and distinct. It is somewhat smaller than either of those I have before described, and the punctures of the elytra are, notwithstanding, larger. STAPHYLINUS, Linn., Grav. 1. S. ephippiatus. Black; elytra rufous.—inhab. Mexico. Body black, polished; head with a longitudinal, impressed line be- tween the eyes; superior orbits with three or four punctures, above these a lateral series of four or five punctures, and two or three insu- lated ones, and at base each side a transverse series of four or five punc- tures ; antennae, terminal joint obliquely truncate; thorax semioval with a few scattered punctures each side, an abbreviated dorsal series of four or five punctures not extending on the posterior third of the length of the thorax; scufel densely punctured, black; elytra cinna- mon-rufous, with very numerous small hairs and slightly impressed punctures ; fergum a little hairy, deep blackish-blue, iridescent; palpi piceous.—Length over half an inch. This and the following species belong to Family 1st of Gravenh. Monogr. 2.8. connexus. Black ; elytra and feet rufous.—Inhab. Mexico. Body black, polished; Aead with punctured orbits and a few scat- tered punctures each side; palpi piceous black; a deep and wide indentation between the antennae, on each side of which above is a sin- gle puncture ; thorax with a series of about five large dorsal punctures SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 449 and a few scattered lateral ones; antennae cinnamon rufous, with very short hair and minute punctures ; feet colour of the elytra.—Length over three tenths of an inch. Resembles the preceding, but the feet are rufous, and the tergum is simply black ; the clypeus is a little advanced in the middle. Fam. Ist. 3. S. iracundus. Black; elytra rufous; dorsal thoracic punctures three.—Inhab. Indiana. Head with an orbital puncture and three occipital punctures, of which the anterior one is near the eye and larger; antennae piceous ; flagellum fuscous ; the joints a little broader than long; terminal joint with the apex rather prominent; mouth dull piceous; oceiput with numerous small punctures ; ¢horax with three small dorsal punctures, not reaching the middle of the length; lateral punctures about five, the second and fifth placed a little above the straight line; marginal punctures two or three; towards the anterior angles are numerous obsolete discoidal punctures, visible with a strong power; seutel gla- brous, black; elytra rufous, densely punctured, with short prostrate hairs ; fergum at tip slightly tinged with piceous ; ¢ibiae, tarsi and pos- terior margins of the ventral segments piceous.—Length over seven twentieths of an inch. This species seems to have some relation to the Jaticollis, Grav., but the thorax is less dilated, the lateral puncturations are much more nu- merous; the elytra are of a different colour, &c. Fam. Ist. 4. S. blandus, Gray. The reddish colour of this handsome insect is of a tint approaching sanguineous. Gravenhorst had probably old specimens, of which the colour had faded. He describes the feet as “rufo testacei,” but in my specimens the tibiae and tarsi are piceous. He says “coleoptera depilia,” but my specimens certainly have prostrate hairs on the elytra as well as on the scutel. If this is not in reality Gravenhorst’s species. it differs in the exceptions I have stated, and can be called /aetulus. Fam. Ist. 5. S. inversus. Black; dorsal thoracic punctures three.—Inhab. Indiana. Vou. IV.—5 N 450 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON Head with an orbital puncture, and another above the eye; mouth and antennae piceous ; joints of the flagellum rather transverse, point of the last joint not prominent; ¢horaz a little narrowed before ; dorsal punctures three, the series nearer each other at tip than near the head and hardly reaching the middle of the length; lateral two, remote, with a single puncture midway between the second and the dorsal series ; marginal one; scutel glabrous, impunctured ; elytra on the disk with but very few hairs; punctures few, distant, almost to be traced into obsolete series ; laterally with small punctures, furnishing short hairs; ferugm in some lights slightly iridescent towards the tip; be- neath very obscurely piceous ; feet piceous.—Length nearly three tenths of an inch. The two dorsal series of punctures in other species diverge a little posteriorly, but in the present species they evidently approach towards their posterior termination. Fam. Ist. 6. S. dimidiatus. Blackish; elytra and margins of abdominal seg- ments reddish brown ; feet pale-—Inhab. United States. Body piceous black; head oval black, with two punctures between the eyes, two punctures on the posterior canthus and five or six behind ; mouth piceous; antennae, first and second joints and part of the third yellowish, or reddish brown more or less pale; thorax black, with a tinge of piceous; dorsal series five, and an equal puncture more dis- tant than the others, near the anterior margin, and a little exterior to the line of the series; lateral punctures two, or in a much curved line three; marginal two; elytra reddish brown, with prostrate hairs ; ab- domen, segments reddish brown on their posterior margins; feet yellowish, or pale reddish brown.—Length nearly one fifth of an inch. I have found specimens in Pennsylvania and Missouri. The red- dish brown colour of the posterior margins of the abdomen, is obvious beneath. Fam. Ist. 7. 8. tachiniformis. Black; thorax sanguineous ; feet piceous.— Inhab. Mexico. Body black; head rather small, oval, polished ; with two punctures SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 451 each side between the eyes, and eight or ten behind the eyes ; antennae fuscous, dark piceous at base; mouth piceous; thorax sanguineous ; dorsal punctures five, distant from the base and tip; lateral two; mar- ginal three, placed triangularly ; ely/ra with a slight, obscure metallic tinge, with numerous minute punctures furnishing prostrate hairs ; Jeet honey-yellow ; posterior pair and dibiae and tarsi darker.—Length one fourth of an inch. Fam. Ist. 8. S. apicialis. Black; terminal joint of the antennae and abdomen towards the tip, rufous.—Inhab. United States. Body black, polished, punctured; ead with numerous punctures, smooth in the middle; antennae with the terminal joint yellowish-ru- fous ; mandibles piceous; palpi with the terminal joint rather long, slender, piceous; thorax with numerous not crowded punctures, with a longitudinal, dilated, glabrous line; scwéel, punctures minute, dense ; elytra with a subsutural line and numerous small punctures furnishing hairs; abdomen towards the tip dull rufous; feet piceous-black.— Length nearly two fifths of an inch. Fam. 3d. 9. S. cyanipennis, Fabr. The allied species of the United States was considered by Gravenhorst as a variety only of the European species. I have not at present in my collection the true cyanipennis of Eu- rope to compare, but as Gravenhorst mentions a difference in the size of the head, it may yet prove to be a distinct species, and, if so, the name proposed by Knoch, 8. eyanopterus, will be an appropriate one.—Fam. Ist. 10. S. viduatus, F. This name has the priority over that of macu- losus, Grav. Belongs to Family 4. It is singular that Gravenhorst in his revised work the “Monographia” quotes the proper name of this insect and yet retains the synonym of maculosus as the true name, although it was given by himself a year after the Fabrician name. 11. S. violaceus, Grav. This species is subject to vary considerably ; the “linea media longitudinali laevi” of the head is very commonly obliterated by punctures, and there exists a variety, of which the elytra are tinged with greenish, or are dusky brassy. Belongs to Fam. 3. 12. S. umbratilis,Grav. My specimens, five in number, have about 452 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON five punctures in the dorsal series, neither of them has four only as stated in the description. Belongs to Fam. 4st. 13. S. ater, Grav. In my cabinet I find that I formerly placed this species under the genus Astrapaeus, Grav., from the circumstance that the terminal joints of the palpi are more dilated than in any other species of Staphylinus, that I am acquainted with. The terminal joint of the maxillary palpi, is not longer than the penultimate one, and the diameter is nearly, if not quite as great; the terminal joint of the labial palpi is very obviously, dilated, oval, and its transverse diam- eter is nearly double that of the last joint of the maxillaries. Still, however, as neither of these joints can be called securiform, agreeably to the essential characters of Astrapaeus, we must agree with Graven- horst, and return the species to his third family of Staphylinus, from which it certainly differs in the characters above stated. XANTHOLINUS, Dahl. 1. X. emmesus, Grav., Coleopt. Micropt. 176, belongs to this genus. Ii is subject to vary in its colouring; the abdomen is fee picecus, << sometimes even still paler. 2. X. cephalus. Black; antennae reddish-brown ; elytra and feet honey-yellow.—Inhab. vie oe Body black, polished; head elongated, sides parallel, punctured ; punctures numerous and larger each side, excepting immediately the line behind the eye obsolete on the longitudinal middle; a larger punc- ture each side at base; and a slight longitudinal indentation on the basal margin; thorax as wide as the head anteriorly, becoming gradually a little narrower to the base ; a dorsal series of five or six punctures; lat- eral four or five punctures; on the anterior termination of this series a much dilated slight indentation ; marginal puncture one; basal edge each side and lateral edge with a series of punctures; elytra honey- yellow, irregularly not profoundly punctured; pectus rufous; feet honey-yellow ; abdomen piceous black.—Length one fourth of an inch. The head is large, longer than the thorax. I obtained it on Chin- quotege Island. SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS, 453 3. X. hamatus. Piceous; antennae, elytra and feet yellowish.— Inhab. United States. Head piceous-black, ovate, with sparse, profound punctures, wanting on the longitudinal middle and immediately in a line behind the eye; antennae reddish brown, paler at base; palpi pale reddish brown; thorax rufo-piceous, not distinctly contracted behind ; dorsal punctures about ten, with an anterior, nearly parallel, exterior series of about four; lateral series ten or twelve punctured, extending to the locality of the posterior angle, and at its anterior extremity curved outward and backward with four or five additional punctures; e/yfra honey-yel- low, sparsely and irregularly punctured; a somewhat elevated line on the sutural submargin; feet dark honey-yellow.—Length about one fourth of an inch. Remarkable for the number of punctures in the thoracic series. LATHROBIUM, Grav. 1. L. similipenne. Black; members rufous or yellowish.—Inhab. Mexico. Body black, polished, hairy, densely punctured ; antennae reddish brown, first and second joints rufous ; abrum and palpi piceous ; thorax longer than broad, with a longitudinal glabrous line in the middle, and a glabrous basal margin ; elytra, terminal edge piceous; fergum with more minute punctures; more hairy at tip; feet honey-yellow ; thighs pale yellow.—Length two fifths of an inch. Like most of the species of this genus the middle of the thorax is destitute of punctures ; in this character it also agrees with Staphylinus violaceus, Grav. 2. L. armatum. Anterior thighs dilated and angulated beneath.— Inhab. Indiana. Body black, punctured ; antennae piceous; first joint obconic, not longer than the second and third together, which are equal; 4-10 joints moniliform ; last joint ovate acute ; palpi pale piceous ; terminal joint minute, that of the labial longer ; thorax oblong-quadrate ; angles rounded ; glabrous line none; e/ytra black piceous, punctures not Vou. IV.—5 O 454 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON deeply impressed; sutural stria distinct ; feet rufous; thighs robust, particularly the anterior, which have a prominent angle beneath near the tip; ¢ibiae a little dilated and compressed, obliquely truncate at tip ; anterior pair with an obtuse sinus on the inner side; farsi, first joint not longer than the second ; penultimate joint a little lobed be- neath.—Length about seven twentieths of an inch. I have obtained but one specimen, which is a male. The above description will show that it differs much from any known species. 3. L. cinetum. Black, punctured ; antennae and mouth piceous ; feet yellowish ; posterior margins of the segments of the abdomen rufous.—Inhab. Missouri. Body black, punctured, hairy ; head above, punctures dense, distinct, profound, furnishing hairs ; on the front sparse, remote ; antennae pale piceous, first joint nearly one third of the entire length, third joint rather longer than the second and with the others obconic, two termi- nal ones subglobular ; Jabrum very short at tip punctured and setous, emarginate in the middle; mandibles piceous, prominent, strongly dentate in the middle; palpi, maxillary prominent, pale piceous, ter- minal joint conic acute, as large at base as the preceding joint, labial pale testaceous, minute, throat with an impressed convex line ; thorax oblong, not wider than the head, punctures numerous, profound, fur- nishing hairs, angles rounded; scuéel impunctured ; e/yéra, punctures somewhat transversely confluent, a little hairy; feeé testaceous, thighs paler, anterior thighs near the tip abruptly narrowed beneath, coxae piceous; pectus impunctured; postpectus and abdomen densely and miuutely punctured, punctures hairy; segments of the latter with rufo-ferruginous posterior margins.—Length less than two fifths of an inch. Found near Engineer Cantonment on the Missouri. 4. L. bicolor, Grav. This is an abundant species, and widely distri- buted. Nuttall gave me a specimen which he found in Arkansaw ; I have taken them in Missouri, Pennsylvania and very commonly in this state. It varies considerably in its shades of colouring. I have an individual of which the thorax is pale yellow. SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 455 5. L. dimidiatum. Black; thorax and posterior half of the elytra rufous.—Inhab. United States. Black; Aead with scattered punctures; antennae fuscous ; first and second joints, and pa/pi honey-yellow ; thorax bright rufous, with a dorsal hardly regular stria of seven or eight punctures, the stria somewhat impressed towards the base; lateral punctures many, not crowded ; elytra with one or two hardly regular striae of punctures, and lateral scattered punctures; an indented subsutural line ; bright rufous, the basal half black; ¢ergum piceous black; segments dull rufous on their posterior margins; feet pale yellow.—Length three twentieths of an inch. Var.a. Punctures of the thorax a little more regular and numerous ; black portion of the elytra confined to the basal margin and sometimes obsolete. Punctured somewhat like /ongiusculum, Gray., but is much smaller and differently coloured. 6. L. sphaericolle. Blackish; thorax orbicular, convex; antennae long.—Inhab. Indiana. Body black piceous; head with the carina of the antennae a little elevated, abrupt before; antennae much thicker towards the tip, rather longer than to the base of the thorax, first joint hardly longer than the se- cond and third together; fuscous, three basal joints honey-yellow, fourth and terminal joints obscure honey-yellow; larger joints hardly longer than broad; mandibles bifid at tip, and with the palpi piceous; neck distinct ; thorax nearly orbicular, a little wider before the middle and narrower behind; convex, with sparse black hairs; elytra with scat- tered, upright hairs; subsutural stria deeply indented, particularly to- wards the base: tip truncate not sinuate; taken together, transverse quadrate ; fergum black ; feet yellowish ; thighs towards the tip piceous. —Length over one tenth of an inch. The labrum is longitudinally indented in the middle, and at tip is widely, but not very deeply emarginate. The habit differs from that of most of the species, and it cannot be, rigidly speaking, congeneric with bicolor and pallipes, Grav. 456 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON It varies in having the feet entirely yellowish and the tips of the carinae of the head honey-yellow. 7. L. millepunctatum. Piceous; with dense, minute punctures; thorax with a glabrous line, rounded behind.—Inhab. Indiana. Body dull piceous, with very minute, crowded punctures and small hairs; head larger than thorax, black piceous, quadrate, almost lobed at the posterior angles; antennae and mouth paler, rufous ; thoraz, as in Staphylinus, rounded behind and truncate before; a dorsal, slender, glabrous line ; elytra paler on the humerus ; ¢ergum dark piceous, pos- terior margins of the segments and lateral margin paler; beneath honey-yellow, head rufous.—Length less than one fourth of an inch. The form of the thorax and head is that of a Staphylinus; which together with the dense and minute puncturing, distinguish this species very readily from others. 8. L. confluentum. Piceous; densely punctured ; thorax short, rounded behind and angulated before each side; head large.—Inhab. United States. Body piceous; head with close set, discoidal punctures ; large, ovate or subquadrate; tips of the carinae of the antennae, base of the anten- nae and palpi paler; palpi with the terminal joint very small; anfen- nae towards the tip moniliform; ‘horaz much smaller than the head, paler on the lateral and posterior margins; punctures confluent longi- tudinally ; anterior margin with a short, abrupt neck; anterior angles angulated; behind rounded; e/ytra with small, irregular punctures, furnishing short hairs, almost obsolete at tip; tip paler; feet honey- yellow.—Length less than three twentieths of an inch. I obtained a few specimens at Chincoteage Island, in dung, October ; and one in Indiana. PINOPHILUS, Grav. P. latipes, Gray. In his last work, this author abolishes this genus and unites the species with Lathobium. But I think with Latreille, that it must be a distinct genus. SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 457 PAEDERUS, Fabr. 1. P. discopunctatus. Yellowish; abdomen black at tip.—Inhab. United States. Body elongated, dull honey-yellow, punctured ; head with close set, discoidal punctures ; subquadrate, obtuse before ; anfennae and palpi paler than the head ; ‘horax with discoidal punctures; which are close set and like those of the head with a central point ; oval, rather smaller than the head ; edges a little darker ; elytra a little paler than the head and thorax, with dense, transversely somewhat confluent punctures ; abdomen dark honey-yellow, black at tip ; feet colour of the elytra.— Length less than three twentieths of an inch. Resembles P. binolatus, Say, but may be distinguished at first sight by the more obtuse anterior termination of the head, and by the ab- sence of the elytral spots, which mark that species. 2. P. cinctus. Black; tips of the elytra obscure rufous.—Inhab. United States. Body elongated, black with a slight tinge of piceous, and with dis- coidal punctures ; head obtuse before ; antennae and palpi honey-yellow ; thorax somewhat smaller than the head, a little obovate, obscurely rufous behind ; elytra obscure rufous at tip ; /ergum, posterior margins of the segments dull rufous ; feet pale honey-yellow.—Length nearly three twentieths of an inch. Resembles the preceding in form, and in the obtuse anterior termi- nation of the head. RUGILUS, Leach. R. dentatus. Black; feet pale; elytra dull rufous at tip.—Inhab. United States. Body piceous black; head longitudinally wrinkled ; antennae and palpi piceous ; Jabrum large, bidentate in the middle, piceous, rounded each side; thorax smaller than the head, longitudinally wrinkled, con- vex, with a longitudinal, glabrous line ; elytra with numerous, minute, hairy punctures; a subsutural impressed line ; posterior margin dull Vou. 1V.—5 P 458 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON rufous, or yellowish; feef pale yellowish.—Length over three twen- tieths of an inch. Var. a. Posterior margin nearly black towards the suture; glabrous thoracic line almost obsolete. Much smaller than R. orbiculatus, Payk., and the wrinkles of the head and thorax are larger and more obvious. STENUS, Lair. 1. S. geniculatus. Black; antennae and feet whitish.—Inhab. United States. Body black, with a very slight cinereous tinge; deeply punctured ; head with a wide, but not very deep indentation each side of the mid- dle; profoundly punctured ; antennae whitish; anterior part of the head with short whitish hairs; ‘horax punctured like the head ; elytra also with profound punctures; ¢ergum a deeper black than the elytra ; segments with large punctures at base and small ones towards the tip ; feet yellowish-white ; posterior knees blackish_—Length less than one fifth of an inch. This has been supposed to be the same as the fuscipes, Grav., but it is much larger, with pale feet, &c. 2.8. colon. Black; elytra with a rufous dot; feet pale beneath._— Inhab. Indiana. Body black, with large, dense, not very profound punctures; elytra with the punctures towards the suture longitudinally confluent ; a sub- lunate or triangular, dull rufous spot rather behind the middle of each elytrum ; fergwm with the punctures not smaller at the posterior mar- gins of the segments; feet dirty yellowish; thighs blackish above.— Length over three twentieths of an inch. Much like S. biguttatus, Linn., but is much smaller, and the spot of the elytra is placed rather more outward and backward, and is more triangular and emarginate before. 3. 8. stygicus. Grayish black, immaculate ——Inhab. Missouri. Body black, with a slight tint of gray ; punctures dense, with short, prostrate hairs; head obtusely indented each side between the eyes ; SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 459 thorax broadest a little before the middle ; elytra, region of the scutel indented ; ¢ergum of a more unmixed black than the anterior part of the body; feeé immaculate-—Length nearly three twentieths of an inch. Resembles bupthalmus, Schr., but may be distinguisued by the more obvious indentations of the head. 4. 8. femoratus. Grayish black; thighs rufous.—Inhab. Pennsy]l- vania. Body black with a slight tinge of gray ; punctures dense, with short, prostrate hairs ; head obtusely indented each side between the eyes ; thorax broadest rather before the middle, contracted behind; a slight appearance of indentation behind the middle; elytra, region of the scutel a little indented; fergwm of a more unmixed black than the other part of the body; anterior thighs rufous, black at the knee; posterior thighs obscure rufous.—Length less than three twentieths of an inch. 5. S. quadripunctatus. Black, punctured; thorax hexagonal, ine- qual.—Inhab. Missouri. Body deep black, immaculate, profoundly and densely punctured ; mouth testaceous ; palpi black ; thorax hexagonal, the lateral edge pro- jecting into an angle in the middle, disk with four dilated, indented spots, placed in quincunx, with a slightly elevated line between them, one or two obsolete, indented spots near the lateral angle; abdomen, pectus and postpectus impunctured, the former with short hairs; feet piceous.—Length more than one tenth of an inch. Found at Engineer Cantonment. It has a somewhat different aspect from the preceding species. The eyes are not quite so large, and the three last joints of the antennae are not so remarkably larger than the others. OXYPORUS, Fabr. O. stygicus. Black; tarsi rufous.—Inhab. Indiana. Body black, polished ; antennae 2-5 joints rufous; /abrum rufous; palpi honey-yellow; thorax with the lateral deflected margin indented ; 460 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON elytra entirely black ; a subsutural stria, and an abbreviated one on the middle, near which is another obsolete one, and many rather large dis- tant punctures; exterior margin impunctured ; feet blackish piceous ; tarsi pale rufous.—Length three tenths of an inch. The thorax is somewhat longer than that of cincfus, Grav., and the punctures of the elytra are more numerous. OXYTELUS, Grav. 1. O. sculptus. Blackish ; five lined; elytra rufous; feet pale.— Inhab. Pennsylvania. Body piceous-black, punctured; head indented, with numerous, small punctures above ; mouth piceous; antennae fuscous, piceous at base ; thorax with five grooves, of which the exterior ones are dilated and not deeply impressed; densely punctured ; anterior angles not acute; elytra dull rufous, with small hairy punctures; a subsutural im- pressed line and another from the humerus not reaching the tip; fer- gum black with a piceous tinge; feet yellowish-white ; fibiae and tarsi a little darker.—Length over three twentieths of an inch. Gravenhorst considered this insect as specifically identical with his piceus, but in his remarks on that species he states that “huic Oxytelo alius affinis est, quam D. Prof. Knoch O. sculptus nuncupavit. Differt thorace lateribus subrotundatis, basin versus paulo angustiore, coleop- tris breviore et paulo angustiore, fusco seu rufo; coleoptris quadratis, rufescentibus seu piceo-rufo.” ‘These differences of character, indicate a difference of species.—It is the Aleochara sculpta of Melsheimer’s Catalogue. 2. O. rugulosus. Black; longitudinally wrinkled ; elytra obscure piceous.—Inhab. Mexico. Body black, rather short, with numerous punctures, somewhat con- fluent into longitudinal wrinkles; Aead with three grooves, rather slightly impressed, the lateral ones dilated ; antennae brown, dull honey- yellow at base; palpi dull honey-yellow; thorax with three grooves, of which the middle one is wider before and the lateral ones wider behind ; each side a little concave, the edge slightly reflected ; anterior SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS, 461 angles acute; lateral edge arquated ; rounded behind ; elytra transverse quadrate, blackish piceous ; fergum with dense minute punctures ; feet honey-yellow.—Length less than one tenth of an inch. This does not altogether agree with the var. a of the carinatus of Gravenhorst and to which he has given the name of insignitus. ‘The present species is proportionally much shorter than the carinatus. It is not more than half the length of that species. It is more than pro- bable that the insignitus is also a distinct species. I obtained three specimens of the rugulosus in Mexico. 3. O. cordatus. Black; elytra whitish, with a common brown spot. —Inhab. Virginia. Body black, with numerous small punctures; mandibles piceous ; antennae pale, towards the tip brownish ; thorax, angles almost rounded ; elytra yellowish white, with a common fuliginous disk; feet yellow- ish white; ¢ibiae and farsi darker.—Length three twentieths of an inch. This occurred extremely numerous, in October, under the surface of the sand in flat places on the sea beach, over which the high tides flow. When the water subsides their labours become visible. They proceed forwards a little beneath the surface in a very irregular line, casting up the sand so as to resemble a miniature mole tunnel. On the wet or partially dry plain, their tunnels, though very small, are yet very striking to the eye, in consequence of their great abun- dance, and being drier and whiter than the general surface. They ap- pear to be in search of the various minute crustaceous animals, that take refuge in the sand on the recession of the waters. 4. O. emarginatus. Black; elytra whitish with a fuliginous suture. —Inhab. Indiana. Body black, punctured ; head with numerous, but not crowded punc- tures; two longitudinal indentations between the antennae; antennae, mandibles and palpi honey-yellow; thorax with a piceous tinge, rounded behind; with rather sparse, well defined punctures, and an obvious, impressed, dorsal line; e/yfra with separate punctures and a much dilated, common, fuliginous vitta; sutural tip very obtusely Vou. IV.—5 Q 462 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON rounded ; feet honey-yellow ; thighs and coxae whitish. Length less than one tenth of an inch. The obtusely rounded sutural tip of the elytra, gives this part, in repose, a profoundly emarginated appearance. GENUS MOLOSOMA, Say. Labrum entire; palpi filiform, terminal joint of the maxillaries much longer than the second, slightly attenuate to the tip ; antennae before the eyes, inserted under the margin, gradually thicker at tip, four last joints larger; body cylindric; thorax truncate at base; abdo- men with the penultimate segment longest; tibiae spinous, a little arquated. M. latipes, Grav. (Monog. Coleopt. Micr., p. 198.) In the present state of the science, the /atipes can no longer remain in the genus Oxytelus, as a species of which Gravenhorst described it. That author was, however, perfectly sensible of its distinguishing cha- racters, and had he written twenty years later, I should not now have to construct this new genus. The following are his remarks adjoined to his copious description, to which I must refer the reader: “Cum hoc insectum palpis instructum sit filiformibus, antennis extrorsum crassioribus, thorace immarginato basi truncato, Tachinis adnumerandum foret, si solos characteres artificiales (Coleopt. Mi- cropt., p. 134) datos respiceremus. Habitu autem toto, et, exceptis ultimis palporum articulis, partibus etiam singulis cum Oxytelis hujus familiae plane congruit. Certo systematis naturalis nullam haberemus rationem, cum hoe micropteron Tachinis adjungeremus. Oxytelus autem, sicut hue usque determinati erant, ob characteres per systema artificiale constitutos, haud adsociari potest. Eodem ergo jure, quo Astrapaei genus olim a Staphylino disjungebatur, quibus attamen simillimum est, hoc etiam insectum genus novum, ab Oxytelis separa- tum, conderet, nisi regula systematis naturalis, i. e. character totus externus seu habitus totus, dissuaderet.” SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS, 463 AN THOPHAGUS, Grav. A. verticalis. Body reddish brown; elytra and margin of the ter- gum yellowish.—Inhab. Pennsylvania. Body chestnut, punctured, a little hairy ; head darker than the tho- rax, punctures sparse; disk of the vertex impressed ; between the an- tennae unequal; antennae and mouth paler than the head; thorax convex, rounded each side, contracted at base, with a conspicuous im- pressed line, terminating behind in a dilated puncture ; elytra reddish yellow, punctured, at tip obscure ; ¢ergum with a dorsal impressed line; posterior or rather lateral triangular yellow spot, and on the lateral margin of each segment; thighs testaceous; tibiae and tars? somewhat darker.—Length under one fifth of an inch. Allied to A. brunneus, Nob., but the segments of the tergum are not margined around by dusky; on each is a dusky triangle, much dilated on the posterior margin, so as nearly to reach the lateral edge. OMALIUM, Grav. 1. O. marginatum. Piceous, punctured; antennae and feet dull rufous.—Inhab. Upper Missouri. Body oblong oval, piceous, punctured ; head, punctures sparse, obso- lete at tip ; with an indentation each side between the antennae and a longitudinal impressed line each side at base; antennae rufous at base, red brown obscure at tip with cinereous hair; pa/pi rufous ; thorax transverse subquadrate, punctures not crowded; posterior edge ob- scurely piceous; elyira longitudinally quadrate, covering more than half of the tergum, exterior margin piceous towards the humerus; ex- terior hind angles rounded, sutural ones acute; almost to be traced into striae ; feet piceous, paler towards the tip; ¢ergum obscurely ru- fous on the margin, and on the posterior margins of the segments.— Length one tenth of an inch. I obtained this insect when with Major Long’s expedition to the Rocky Mountains; I think it occurred at Engineer Cantonment on the Missouri. 464 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON 2. O. rotundicolle. Piceous black ; thorax rounded behind, emargin- ate before.—Inhab. Pennsylvania. Body with rather large, numerous and profound punctures; anten- nae piceous, brown, the three basal joints, /abrum and palpi honey- yellow; thorax transverse oval, deeply emarginate before, equally punctured ; posterior angles rounded; edges piceous; elytra equally punctured, long; terminal edge piceous; ¢ergum piceous, rather paler on the posterior margins of the segments; feet dark honey-yellow; venter somewhat piceous.— Length less than one fifth of an inch. Taken on the wing at twilight, in October. TACHINUS, Grav. 1. T. atricaudatus, Nob. Very closely allied to atricapillus, and cinctus, Grav. 2. T. obsoletus. Black; thorax, curve on the elytra, segment mar- gins and feet yellowish.—Inhab. Virginia. Body black; antennae fuscous; four basal joints yellowish; tip of the last joint dirty fulvous; mouth honey-yellow ; thorax honey-yel- low; elytra, in some lights with an appearance of obsolete striae ; sub- sutural impressed line obvious; a honey-yellow base, suture and ter- minal margin; abdomen with the segments piceous on their posterior margins; feet pale yellowish.—Length over one fourth of an inch. I obtained this species in October, at Chinquotege Island. 3. T. trimaculatus. Yellowish ; head and three elytral spots blackish ; tergum rufous.—Inhab. Pennsylvania. Body yellow, tinged with honey-yellow; head obscure piceous ; an- tennae fuscous ; four basal joints pale yellow; mouth yellow; mandibles piceous at tip; thorax immaculate ; sewtel piceous; elytra, with a few remote punctures on the basal half, and towards the tip obsolete impressed striae, a subsutural impressed line, near which is a series of distant larger punctures; region of the seutel with a dilated black- ish triangle, extending to the middle of the length of the suture, and thence by a narrow and paler sutural line to the tip; exterior SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 465 margin or epipleura black, with a spot near its tip extending in- wards, half way to the suture but not reaching the tip of the elytra; tergum dull sanguineous; near the tip with an obsolete, blackish band; at tip with a yellowish tinge.—Length over three twentieths of an inch. 4. 'T. cineticollis. Black; posterior thoracic margin, line of the elytra, and feet yellowish.—Inhab. Indiana. Body black ; mouth yellowish ; palpi pale yellow ; antennae fuscous, three basal joints yellowish; fourth joint piceous ; thorax posterior mar- gin, and lateral margin dilating towards the posterior angles, honey-yel- low; scutel piceous; elytra with an appearance of striae at tip ; a sutu- ral impressed stria, near which is a series of distant punctures, and another near the middle and a submarginal one; pale yellowish, a di- lated oval blued black spot extends from before the middle to the tip, does not attain to the suture and is confluent with a blackish marginal line, which does not reach the humerus; fergum, segments on their posterior margins, obscure piceous ; feet pale yellow.—Length less than one fifth of an inch. Distinguished from the others of this country, by the differently coloured thoracic margin. 5. FT. humidus. Black; elytra and posterior margins of the abdo- minal segments, rufous.—Inhab. Indiana. Body black ; antennae brownish, base and mouth honey-yellow; thorax piceous on the posterior edge; e/ytra rufous or honey-yellow, an impressed subsutural line, near which is a series of punctures, sur- face with sparse punctures almost to be traced into two or three series ; sutural margin very slightly dusky; fergum blackish, with piceous posterior margins of the segments ; tip somewhat fulvous; feet honey- yellow.—Length one tenth of an inch. Allied to the preceding, but isa much smaller species,and the elytra are immaculate. Vou. 1V.—5 R 466 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON TACHYPORUS, Grav. 1.'T. fumipennis. Black; margin of the thorax and base of the elytra yellowish.—Inhab. Pennsylvania. Body minutely punctured ; head black; antennae filiform, brown ; four basal joints honey-yellow ; palpi filiform, yellowish; thorax black, margined around with honey-yellow; scutel black ; elytra fuliginous, a wide part of the base and narrow tip dull honey-yellow ; ¢ergwm black- ish, the segments piceous on the hind margins; beneath black-piceous ; feet honey-yellow.—-Length over three twentieths of an inch. 2. 'T. moestus. Piceous, sericeous ; thorax and elytra margined with dull yellowish obscure.—Inhab. United States. Body blackish piceous, somewhat sericeous ; mouth and antennae dull yellowish; the latter pale brownish towards the middle; palpi, penultimate joint thick; last joint much shorter and acicular; thorax dilated, convex, lateral and basal margins dull yellowish; elyéra, basal and exterior margins dull yellowish ; abdomen somewhat hairy at tip, beneath honey-yellow; eef not or hardly spiny.—Length less than three twentieths of an inch. The paler margins of the thorax and elytra are sometimes almost obsolete. 3. T. jocosus. Black; thorax, elytra, feet and mouth yellowish.— Inhab. Indiana. Head black piceous, polished, convex, impunctured ; antennae honey- yellow (six ultimate joints wanting in the specimen) ; palpi honey-yel- low, terminal joint acicular ; fhorax polished, impunctured, yellowish ; anterior and posterior margins blackish; scufed blackish ; elytra yel- lowish, with very fine, prostrate hairs; region of the scutel black- ish ; ¢ergum, posterior margins of the segments yellowish; longer than the elytra (in the preserved state); feet pale yellow.—Length one tenth of an inch. 4.'T. ventriculus. Black; thorax each side and elytral margin pi- ceous.—Inhab. Pennsylvania. Body black, with a slight piceous tinge, polished ; antennae dull SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 467 yellowish, dusky towards the tip; mouth dull yellowish; palpi fili- form; thorax piceous on the lateral margin, gradually shading to the general blackish colour; elyfra on the lateral margin and at tip piceous; common edge of the tip not indented at the suture; fergum (in the preserved state) much shorter than the elytra, at tip of the segments dull piceous; feet honey-yellow ; tibiae not remarkably spiny. —Length one twelfth of an inch. The abdomen contracts very much in desiccation. This can hardly be the erassus, Grav., as his description does not in- dicate it. 5. 'T. opicus. Blackish; feet, base of the thorax and of the elytra obscure reddish brown.—Inhab. Missouri. Body deep black brown, somewhat sericeous ; head black ; antennae at base and tip pale reddish brown; palpi pale reddish brown; thorax convex; a narrow, obscure, red brown postericr margin ; e/ytra with a broad red brown basal margin; feet red brown; fibiae not remark- ably spinous; ¢ergum with paler margins to the segments, shorter than the elytra, hairy at tip—Length over one tenth of an inch. This species is not highly polished, but is distinctly sericeous. 6. 'T. acaudus. Abbreviated ; honey-yellowish ; thorax paler each side.—Inhab. Indiana. Body honey-yellow, polished ; head black piceous ; antennae fuscous, four basal joints obscure yellowish ; palpi yellowish, last joint acicular ; thorax honey-yellowish, more dusky on the disk and at base, and paler, somewhat translucent on the lateral margin; elytra yellow with a rufous tinge, a little hairy, dusky on the region of the scutel ; tip of the suture a little rounded, so as to produce an acute, but smali, com- mon emargination; fergum less than half the length of the elytra, blackish brassy, somewhat hairy ; feet yellow, pale ; tibiae with obvious, but not very prominent spines.—Length nearly one twelfth of an inch. This is very broad in proportion to its length, in consequence of the great contraction of the abdomen in drying. It resembles jocosus, N., but is wider in proportion to its length, without taking into considera- tion the extraordinary brevity of the abdomen. 468 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON 7. T. faber. Thorax and elytra yellowish; near the scutel depress- ed; last joint of the palpi very short.—Inhab. Indiana. Body somewhat depressed ; head black-piceous, polished ; anfennae yellowish towards the base; palpi, penultimate joint rather dilated ; ultimate joint very short, conic, hardly one fourth as long as the prece- ding; thorax honey-yellow, glabrous; scuéel small, dusky; elytra paler than the thorax, slightly hairy; suture and base near the scutel a little dusky; region of the scutel somewhat indented ; ¢erguwm wider and more depressed than in most species, paler towards the tip ; beneath reddish brown; feet yellowish; fibiae a little spimous.—Length about one twelfth of an inch. The abdomen is more depressed than usual in this genus, and the terminal joint of the maxillary palpi is much shorter than in our other species. sae Much reform seems requisite in this andéthe preceding genera. 8. T. jimbriatus, Grav. Varies in being more or less tinged with ferruginous. The head and thorax are sometimes entirely dull ferruginous. It is the bolett of Melsh. Catal., but it was afterwards first described by Gravenhorst under the name which I have of course adopted. ALEOCHARA, Grav. 1. A. obseuricollis. Black; elytra ferruginous; tarsi piceous.— Inhab. Mexico. Body black; head opaque ; dabrum piceous; thorax orbicular, trun- cated before for the reception of the head, opaque ; elytra ferruginous, length hardly exceeding the breadth; scufel black, opaque; abdomen obviously hairy, polished, lateral edge somewhat elevated ; farsi piceous. —Length less than three tenths of an inch. 2. A. bimaculata, Grav. A species very closely allied, or perhaps the same as the bimaculata, Grav., is an inhabitant also of Mexico. 3. A. lustrica. Blackish; thorax each side, elytra and feet dull ru- fous.—Inhab. Pennsylvania. SOME NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 469 Body piceous black, obviously punctured; head black, with nu- merous punctures, sparse in front and more dense behind; before the antennae trianguiarly carinate, dull piceous ; anfennae dark reddish brown, three basal joints honey-yellow; mouth dull honey-yellow; thorax with very numerous punctures, rather larger towards the base and almost to be traced into transverse arquated lines; lateral margins piceous ; elytra dull yellowish-rufous, with dense punctures ; abdomen piceous at tip; feet honey-yellow.—Length under one fourth of an inch. 4. A. fasciata. Yellow ; head, band of the elytra and spot on the tergum, black.—Inhab. Pennsylvania. Body yellow, with a slight rufous tinge; head black piceous, with rather large punctures each side towards the eyes ; eyes large, prominent; mouth dull yellowish; antennae at base pale yellow; thorax sparsely and unequally punctured, with four somewhat larger remote punctures on the disk; elytra, punctures small, not deeply impressed ; posterior half blackish; tergum with a black dot near the tip ; feet whitish_—Length about one twelfth of an inch. This is the A. fasciata of Melsh. Catal. 5. A. indentata. Yellowish ; head, thoracic disk, elytral spot and middle of the tergum, black—Inhab. Pennsylvania. Head not obviously punctured; eyes not remarkably large or prominent ; antennae reddish brown, pale at base; mouth honey- yellow; ¢horaa dull yellowish, dusky in the middle; a longitudinal impressed line, and an indentation on the middle of the base ; elyéra with small, numerous punctures; yellowish with the sutural edge and a triangular spot, extending from before the middle to the pos- terior outer angle, but not reaching the suture; ¢ergum reddish yellow, the two middle segments blackish ; beneath yellowish ; post- pectus and middle of the venter black ; feet whitish—lLength one fifteenth of an inch. ’ Var. a. Thorax with the dusky disk obsolete. Resembles the dichroa, Grav., in having the indentation on the Vou. IV.—5 470 DESCRIPTIONS OF NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. middle of the base, but it differs in many respects, and obviously in colouring. 6. A. 4-punctata. Thorax rufous, with four punctures placed transversely.—Inhab. Missouri and Indiana. Head piceous black, with one puncture on the inner orbit, and three or four behind the eye; antennae, reddish brown, three basal joints honey-yellow ; palpi piceous ; thorax honey-yellow with four distant punctures before the middle, placed in a transverse line, the lateral ones less distinct; elytra dull honey-yellow, with minute punctures, having prostrate hairs; ¢ergwm piceous, paler towards the tip ; beneath dark piceous ; feet yellowish. Length over one tenth of an inch. The four punctures of the thorax is an obvious character. 7. A. propera. Blackish ; thorax depressed on the posterior middle. —Inhab. Indiana. Body with very numerous, small punctures, furnishing pale yel- lowish hairs; antennae black fuscous, three or four basal joints piceous ; mouth piceous ; thorax black piceous, conspicuously hairy ; on the middle of the base indented ; elytra piceous brown, obviously hairy, a little depressed on the basal margin and in the region of the scutel; tergum black ; feet pale piceous.—Length over or about one tenth of an inch. The depression, almost or quite amounting to an indentation at the base of the thorax is sometimes geminate. 8. A semicarinata. Blackish; thorax with a carina on the basal half.—Inhab. Missouri. Body black with a piceous tinge: thorax with an elevated line, or two parallel impressed striae, from the middle to the base ; elytra with a slightly impressed sutural groove ou the basal half; abdomen black ; feet pale piceous. DONATIONS Received hy the American Philosophical Society, since the Publication of Vol. III.—New Series. FOR THE LIBRARY. FROM SOVEREIGN PRINCES, GOVERNMENTS, AND STATES. From his Majesty the Kine of the NETHERLANDS. Flora Batava. Fig. par J. Le Sepp et fils. Description par J. Kops et Van Hall. to. Cuts in 79 a 82, 85 a 87, 89 a 94, with Title and Index to Vol. 6. From the Untrep States. Diplomatic Corresp. of the Am. Revol., from the First Congress to the Ratification of the Peace with G, Britain. Ed. by Jared Sparks. 12 Vols., 8vo. Boston, 1829—30. Journal of the House of Rep. of the U.S., from First Congress under the Constitution, 1789, to the 13th Congress, March 1815, 9 Vols., 8vo. Washington, 1826. FROM AMERICAN AND FOREIGN SOCIETIES. Axpany. ‘Trans. of the Institute. Vol. 1, Nos. 4, 5, 6.—Vol. 2, No.1. 1830—3, 8vo. Batavia. ‘Trans. of the Batavian Soc. of Arts, &c. 8vo. Vol.1a7,llal14. 1816—33. Batu. ‘Trans. Bath and W. of Eng. Soc. Vol. 15, part 1. 1829. 8vo. Beri. Abhandl. der Kiénigl. Akad. der Wissenchaften. 4to. 1826—1831, 1829—32. Borpeavx. Bullet. d’Hist. Nat. de laSoc. Linn. 8vo. 3d Vol.; and4th, Nos 1a3. 1826— 1830. Boston. Mem. of the Amer. Academy of Arts and Sciences. N. Series, 4to. Vol. 1. 1833. Collections Massachusetts Hist. Soc. 3d Series, 8vo, Vol. 2. Cambridge, 1830. Catcutta. ‘Trans. of the Agricul. and Hort. Soc. of India. 8vo, Vol.1. Serampore, 1829. CamprincE (Mass.). Catalogue of the Library of Harvard College. 3 Vols., 8vo. 1830. Also, Catalogue of Charts and Maps in their Library. 8vo. 1831. Duin. Trans. of the Royal Irish Academy. 4to, Vol. 10a16. 1806—1831. Epivgurcu. ‘Trans. of the Royal Soc. Vol. 11th, p.2, and Vol. 12th, p. 3. 1831. 4to. —— Trans. of the Soc. of Antiquaries of Scotland. 4to. Vol. 3d, and Vol. 4th, parts 1 and 2, 1831—1833. 472 DONATIONS FOR THE LIBRARY. Lonpon. Trans. of the Royal Soc. 1829, part 2. 1830, parts 1 and 2. 1833, part 1; continuation of the Index from 1821—1830, inclusive. London. —— Also, Astron. Obs. made at Greenwich, by J. Ponds, for 1829, 1830. 1832, No. 4, 5. 1833, No. 1, 2; and Catalogue of 1112 stars, reduced from observation. 1816—33. Trans. of the Royal Astron. Soc. Vols 4,5. 1831—3. 4to. Also, Ast. Obs. at Greenwich, by J. Ponds, 1831, 1832, parts 1, 2, 3, fol. of the Hort. Soc., completion of 7th Vol. 4to. 1830. —— of the Soc. of Arts, Manuf. and Com. Vols 47, 48, 49, part 1, 1829—32. 8vo. — of the Geol. Soc. N.S. Vol. 3, part 2. 1832. 4to. —— of the Linnean Soc. Vol. 16, parts 2d and 3d. 1830—3. 4to. — of the Antiquarian Soc. Vols 238, 24. 1831—2. 4to. —— of the Lond. Instit. Supplement to Catalogue of their Library. 1830. Lispon. Real Acad. das Sciencias. Programma e distrib. de premios. 1829—32. Lista dos Donativos, 1825 a 1831. Maprip. Mem. de la Acad. Real de la Hist. Tom. 7. 1882. cao. Mancuester. (G. B.) Mem. of the Lit. and Philos. Soc. N.S. Vol. 3, 1819. Vol. 5, 1831. 8vo. Micuican. Hist. Soc. Disc. of Gen. Cass, 1829. Disc. H. N. Schoolcraft, 1830. 8vo. Mirtav. Jahresverhandl. der Kurland. Gesellschaft der Litter. und Kunst. Vols 1,2. 4to. 1819, 1822. Moscow. Notice sur les Végétaux Fossiles du Gouv. de Moscou a la Séance publ. de la Soc. Imp. des Naturalistes, par G. Fischer de Waldheim. 1826. 4to. Par le méme. Programme pour laSéance publique de la Soc. Imp. de Nat. 1828. 4to. New York. Annals of the Lyceum. Vol. 3, Nos 3,4. Index to Library, 1830. Paris. Mém. de l’Acad. Roy. des Sci. de l'Institut. Vol. 9 to 12. 1830—3. 4to. Mém. presentés par divers Savans 4 l’Instit. Vols 2, 3. .1880—32. 4to. —— Notices et extraits des MSS. de la Bibl. du Roi. Vol. 10,12. 1818—31. — Hist. Litt. dela France. Vols 14, 15,16. 1817—24. Through the attention of M. Roux de Rochelle, this Society were enabled to complete the collection of works published by the Academy and Institute. Mémoires de la Soc. Roy. des Antiq. de France. 8vo. Vol. 9, with fol. plates, 1832. Nouv. Annales du Museum d’Hist. Nat. Vol. 1, cahier 1,2. 4to. 1832. Recueil de Voy. et Mém. de la Soc. Geogr. Vol. 3, 4to. 1830. Nouveau Journal de la Soe. Asiatique. Vol. 9, 1830, 8vo. 6 Nos 1833. Also the following Works, published and presented by them: Fables de Vartan, en armén. eten fran¢., par MM Saint-Martin et Zohrab. 1 Vol., 8vo. —— Elém. de la Gram. japonaise, par le P. Rodriguez; tr. du portug., par M. C. Land- resse ; précédés d’une explication des syllabaires japonais, par M. Abel Rémusat, ec un supplément. 8vo. —— Elégie sur la prise d’Edesse par les Musulmans, par Nersés Klaietsi, patriarche d’Arménie ; publiée pour la premiére fois, en arménien, par le D. J. Zohrab. 1 Vol., 8vo. —— Essai sur le Pali, ou Langue sacrée de la presqu’ile au deli du Gange, avee six plan- ches lithographiées, et la notice des manuscrits Palis de la Bibliothéque du rot, par E. Burnouf et Ch. Lassen. 1 Vol., 8vo. | | | DONATIONS FOR THE LIBRARY. 473 Paris—continued. —— Observations sur le méme ouvrage, par M. Burnouf. Grand 8vo. 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City Library. 1831—2. — Med.Soce. of Philad. Report of their Committee on Epid. Cholera, May 1832. 8vo. Quesec. ‘Trans. of the Lit. and Hist. Soc. Vol. 3, parts 1,2. 1832. 8vo. Rorrerpam. Nicuwe verhand. van het Bataafsche Genootsch. der proefond. Wijsbegeerte. Vol. 7, 1819. 4to. Sr Peterssurc. Mém. de l’Acad. Imp. des Se. Vol. 11, 1830. 4to. — Idem. 6me. Série. — Vol. 1. Sc. Math. Phys. et Nat. Liv.1a6. 1830—1. 4to. — Vol. 1. Sc. Pol. Hist. Philologie. Liv. 1a3. 1830, 4to. — Vol. 1. Par divers Savans et lus dans ses assemblées. Liv.1a6. 4to. 1830—1. — Recueil des Actes des Séances publ. de l’Acad. Imp. des Sc. tenues le 29 Dec. 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830. — Recherches sur les Phénoménes lumineux qu’on apercoit quelquefois au ciel dans des positions determinées, par rapport au soleil ou Ala lune. Par le Prof. Ossi- pofsky. 1828. 4to. St Petersburg. — Mém. sur les points fixes du Thermométre. Par G. F. Parrat. St Pet. 4to. 1828. 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Bertolonii Ameenitates Italice, sistentes opuscula ad rem herbariam et Zoologiam Italie Spectantia. Bonon. 1819. Conway (M.) O Feliz independente, o da fortuna e arte de vivir contento em quaesquer tra- balhos da vida. Lisb. 1826. 3 Vols, 12mo. Cooper (Wm.) On Big Bone Lick in Kentucky. N. Y. 1882. Corabeuf (M.) Mém. sur les opér. Geodésiques des Pyrénées et la comparaison du Niveau des deux Mers. Paris, 1831. 4to. DONATIONS FOR THE LIBRARY. 477 Coulter (M.) Deser. générale des Fares et Kanauy, ou Guide des Marins. 2d edit. 16mo. -1833.° Paris. © “* Cresson (E.) . Amer. Colonization ‘Soe. Rep. 9, 10, 13. Wash. 1826—7, 1830. Also, a ; few facts relative to Liberia. » Wari. 1830. Rep. 1830 of Penns. Colon. and Af. Education Soe. Dallas (G.M.) Fifth Census, or enumer. of the Tuba. of U.S. for 1830, to which is pre- .. fixed an abstract of the Number within the diff. Dist. in 1790, 1800, 1810, 1820. t Letter from Sec. Trea. to H. of R. of U. 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University for 1830. - Almanac Royal for 1828, 1830, 1833. Paris. Dyer (Gilbert) A Catalogue of his valuable Library of For. and Eng. Divinity, Eccles. Hist., Biogr., Philology. Exet. 1829—30. Pres. by Wm. Strong, Exet. s - Martin. Elice (F.) Observations on the Constr. of the Highin: Rod, approved by the French Acad. : of Sci. Genoa, 1826. —— Acct. of a New Pluviometer, adopted by him. Genoa; 1833. 6 Ely (E. 8.) Min. of Assembly of Presb. Church in U. S, 18830—2. 8vo. Philad. Emerson (G.—M.D.) Med. Stat. of the City of Philad. relative to its Risers on — Eigse Deaths, &e. 1821—1830. Philad. 1831. Everett (E.) His Speech in H. of R. U. S. 1830, on removing the Indians to W. of Missis. Addr. to Charleston (M.) Lyceum, 28 June 1830. Ann. of arrival of Gov. Winthrop. —— Addr. to Amer. Institute, N. York, 4th Anniv. Exhibition, Oct. 1831. Documents. accompanying President’s Message, Dec. 1832. Feuchtwanger (D. L.) His Remarks on Arsenic. N, York, 1831. ‘ Fisher (J. F.) ‘Deux Lettres de Champollion le Jeune 4 M. Le due de Blacas eens re- latives au Musée Roy. Egyp. & Turin. Monuments Hist. 1824—1826. —— Précis du Systéme Hiéroglyphique des anciens s Egy ptiens, par Champollion le Jeune, avec un Vol. de Planches. 2 edit. Paris, 1828. “8vo. —— M. F. Quintiliani de Institutione Oratoria. 3 Vols,12mo. Ed. by. F. G. Pottier. Paris, 1812. F Mem. of Card. de Retz. tr. from the French. 4 Vols, 12mo. Lond. 1723. Fitzinger (L. I.) Neue Classification der Reptilien, &c. Wien. 1826. - Franck (M.) Rapp. fait & la Soc. de Géog. de Paris sur la Collect. de dessins: d’Antiq. Mexicaines, par M. Frank. Paris, 1831. Avec copie d’une ‘lettre MS. de M. F. au Prés. de la Soe. Géog. a ' Dict. Géograp. de Vosgien. S8vo. 1826. Paris. Follen (C.) Inaug. Dise. on “the Germ. Language, delivered in the Univ. Cambridge (Mass.) Sept. 1831. 8vo. ’ Franklin (W.) Journals of Senate and H. of R. of Renn. Sess. Dec. 1831 to Mar. 1832, with Documents. . 4 Vols. Harrisburg, 1832. Furness (Rev. W. H.) Fourth Ann. Rep. of the Pres. of Harvard University to the Over- seers for 1828—29, . Cambr. (Mass.) 1830. ; Gordon (‘T. F.) Cabinet of Amer. Hist. Vols 1, 2. History of the Spanish Discov. prior to 1520. 12mo. Philad. 1831. : — Hist. of Anc. Mexico, from the Foundation of the Emp. till destroyed by the Spaniards. 2 Vols, 12mo. 1832; being 3d and 4th of the Cabinet of Am. Hist. Gouge (W. M.) A short Hist. of Banking and Paper Money, and an Inquiry into the Prin- ciples. 8vo. Philad. 1833, - DONATIONS FOR THE LIBRARY. 479 Green (J —M-D: ) A Monograph of the Trilobites of N: Amer. Philad. gp Griffith (T. W.) Sketches of the early History of Maryland. Balt. 1821. Annals of Baltimore. 1824. Griva (T. D.) Sul’ Epidemia Variolosa del 1829 in Torino aggiuntivi i Lavori Vaccinii, &e. Turin, 1831, Hammer (J. Von) Jahrbiicher der Litteratur. Wien. 1818—31. Deficient, No. 8, 1819; 15, 16, 1821; 17, 1822; 35, 36, 1826. —— Comm. of the Emp. Marcus Aftrelius, tr. into Persian by J. Von Hammer (with the , Greek Text). Vien. 1830, ~ —— Wiens erste aufgehobene Turkische belagerung. 8yo. Pest. 1829. Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, Vol. 7. 1656—1774. Pest. 1830—2. Harlan (R.) J. J. Audubon’s Ornithological Biog., or Habits of Birds of U.S. with deserip- ‘tions of the Objects represented in his work, ‘The Birds of America.’’ Royal 8vo. Philad. 1831. —— Description of the Fossil Bones of the Megalonix, discovered’ in ‘* White Cave,”’ Virg. Philad. 1831. , Harris (T.—M.D.) Oration before the ea Soe. of Philad. 1831. . Hassler (F. R.) Logarithmic and Trigonometrie Tables. -N. York, 1830. 12mo. ae Comparison of Weights, of Measures, of Length and Capacity, reported to Senate of _ | U-S., by the Treas. Department. Wash. 1832. — A Popular exposition of the System of the Universe. N. York, 1828. — Elements of the Geom. of Planes and Solids... N. York, 1828. Elements of Analytie Trigonometry. N. York, 1826. Hays (Isaac—M.D.) Deserip. of a Fragment of the Head of a new Fossil Animal, from a . - Marl Pit, N. Jersey, 1830. —— Obs. on the Nomencl. of Wilson’s Ornith, By ©. L. Bonaparte. Philad. 1826. —— Mémoires de P. E. Morin, au sujet dune Correspondance Météorologique. 1827—9. owe ’ Paris, 8vo. —— Dissert. inaug. de Fungis Venatintis Auct. M. bspleiatin. tie Alealoideis, Auct. E. H. Harting. Berlin, 1827. — Siatuti della Real ‘Acad. delle Se. e delle Belle Lettere eretta in Napoli. 1780. —— Library of Medical Se., or Cyclop. of practical Med. Philad. —— A Collection ‘of Medical Pamph. By Pennock, Homer, Warren, J. G., Carter, V : V. Molt, S. Jackson, Isaac Parish, E. F. Rivinus, H. L. Hodge, J. W. Monet, - » Griscomb. ; te EW Pennock and W. W. eirieda Obs. on the Cholera of Paris. Philad. 1833. On the Patholgy of the Cholera. - On Medical Education and Institutions, with an account of the Medical School at Paris. _— J. K. 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Guia de Forasteros y Calendario para la Isla de Cuba, Hay. 1832. —— Cuadro Estadistico de la isla de Cuba. Por Orden de Vives capit. General. 1829. Fol. —— Revista trimestre de la Isla de Cuba, No. 1 47, Jun. 1831 4 Jul. 1832. Hav. Sharpless (J. T.) A Desc. of the Am. Wild Swan proved to be anew Species. 1832. 8vo. Southern Review (The Editors) Vols 6. 7,8. 1830—2. 8vo. Charleston, (S. C.) Sparks (J.) The Life of Gouverneur Morris, selected from his Correspondence and Papers relative to the French Revolution. 3 Vols, 8vo. Boston, 1832. Familiar Letters and Miscellaneous Pieces by Dr Benj. Franklin, collected by the donor. 12mo. Boston, 1833. Schlegel (J. F.G.) Codex Juris Islandorum antiquissimus, qui nomin. Gragis. Latiné et Island. Parts 1,2. 2 Vols, 4to. Hafn. 1829. Schroeder (J. F.) Treatise on the Canonical Authority of the Scripture of the Old Testa- ment, tr. by him from J. G. Eichhorn. N. York, 1829. 8vo. Short (Chas.) The Transylvania Journal of Medical and Associate Science. Vol. 3 a 6. 1830—2. 8vo. Silliman (B.) The Amer. Jour. of Sci. and Arts, edited by him. Vol. 19224. 8yvo. N. Haven, 1831—33. Smith (Thos.) His Essay on Currency and Banking, applied to the Currency and Banking of the U.S. 8vo. Philad. 1832. Snider (Geo.) Works of J. Gambold, Bishop of Unitas Fratrum, with Life of the Author. Bath, 1789. 8vo. —— America known to the Ancients, by S. Mather. Boston, 1772. 8vo. Vou. IV.—5 W 486 DONATIONS FOR THE LIBRARY. Sully (Thomas) Traité de Peinture, par da Vinci, tr. par De Chambray. Paris, 1651. Fol. The Art of Painting and Lives of Painters, tr. from De Piles, with Essay on an English School of Painting, by B. Buckeridge. Lond. 1706. Le Noir’s Monuments of the 13th century, collected in a Museum at Paris. 8vo. Tanner (H. 8S.) View of the Valley of the Mississippi, or Traveller’s Guide to the West. 8vo. Philad. 1832. —— A Geograph. and Statis. Account of the Epidemic Cholera, from its commencement in India to its entry in the U. 8., with Maps and Tables. 1830. Taylor (R. C.) On the Geology of East Norfolk, G. B., with Remarks on the former level of the German Ocean in reply to Robberds. Lond. 1827. 8vo. — Report on Surv. for a Rail Road from Coal and Iron Mines, Peters Camp, Tioga Co., Penns., to Lawrenceville, N. York, to connect with Chenango and Erie Canal. 8vo. 1833. Thackrah (C. T.) The effect of the principal Arts and Trades and Habits of living on Lon- gevity, specially applied to Leeds, (G.B.) Lond. 1831. 8vo. Thayer (Sylv.) Military Pyrotechny for the Use of the Cadets of the U. S. Military Aca- demy, West Point. 1832. Fol. —— Treatise on the Forms of Cannon, and various Systems of Artillery, tr. from the French of Prof. Persy, for the Use of the Cadets of W. Point Mil. Acad. 1832. Fol. (Both the above Lithographed at the Academy.) Todd (J. T.) The Book of Analysis ; or a new Method of Experience, whereby the Pro- duction of the Noyum Organum is easily applied to complex Parts of Science. Lond. 1831. 8vo. Thomas (Isaiah) The completion of the Mass. Spy, or Worcester Gazette. 14 Vols, fol. 1817 2 1830. Worcester, (Mass.) Torlade de Arambuja (J. F.) Viagem Extatico ao Templo da Saviduria. Poema. Lisboa, 1830. 4to. Account of the Labours of the R. Acad. of Lisbon for 1831. List of Donations made to the R. Acad. —— Memoria sobre o valor das moedas nas differentes Epocas da Monarquia Portugueza e outros objectos legados com a mesma. MS. 4to. By the donor. Tornel (J. M. de) A large Collection of Mexican State Documents, and political Publica- tions in Mex. Collected by him 1822—30. 4 Vols, fol. 8 Vols, 4to. Tydiman (P.) Letters under the Signature of Herman in the Banner of the Constitution, and a Collection of Political Pamphlets, published in Carolina on the Subject of Nullification. 1831—3. Value (V.) Experience consulted, or a rational System of teaching foreign Languages. Philad. 1832. By the donor. Vandervinne (Sec. Batavian Soe. of Sci.) Nederduitsch en Maleisch en Maleisch en Nederd. Woordenboek, door P. P. R. van Eysinga. 2 Vols, 4to. Batavia, 1825. — Maleisch Spraaken-kunst, door Van Angebeck. Batavia, 1823. to. Proeve eener Javaansche Spraak-kunst, door B. Zendeling. 8vo. Serampoore, 1830. Kruidkundige Waarnemingen, uitgegeven door C. L. Blume. 17 Nos. Jan. 1825 to May 1826. —— Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsche India. Door P. P. R. van Eysinga. —— Transl. of the New Test. into Japanese. By C. L. Bruckner. 8vo. DONATIONS FOR THE LIBRARY. 487 Vandervinne (Sec. Batavian Soc. of Sci.) Eerste Gronden der Javaansche Tal, benevens Ja- vaansche Leer-en-Leesboek, met eene wordenlijst, door O. L. F. Geriche. 1831. 4to. — Grammaire de la langue Malaye. Haarlem, 1824. 4to. — Dict. Hollandais et Malais, avee Dict. Francois et Malais. 1826. 4to. — Dict. Malais, Hollandais et Frane¢ais, par Wm. Marden, tr. par C. P. T. Ecout. 4to. 1823. Vander Maelen (P. H.) Memorial de l’Etablissem. Géographique de Bruxelles. 8vo. Brux. 1831. Vaughan (John) The Primitives of the Greek Tongue, by T. Nugent. Lond. 1818. 8vo. Life of Elbridge Gerry, by J. T. Austin. 2 Vols, 8vyo. Boston, 1823. English Pamphlets. 12 Vols. Comparison of the Opinions of the most distinguished British Writers on the French Revolution. 2 Vols, 8vo. Lond. 1797. Reflect. on the Polit. of Ancient Greece, tr. by G. Bancroft, from the Germ. of A. H. L. Heeren. 8vo. Boston, 1824. An Hist. Sketch of the Greek Revol. By S. G. Howe. N. York, 1828. 8vo. Compendium Biblicum (Hebraicé), auct. Joh. Leusden. Lugd. Bat. 1694. 12mo. J. Buxtorfii Thesaurus Grammaticus lingue sancte. Basil, 1609. 12mo. — Ejusd. Lexicon Hebraicum. Basil, 1735. 12mo. Novum Testam. Syriacé, cum punctis et vers. Lat. Mathwi ; aceurante Agidio Gutbirio. THamb. 1664. 12mo. —— G. 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Scalig. — Joyfull Newes out of the new-found Worlde, wherein are declared the rare and singular Virtues of divers Herbs, Trees, Plantes, Oyles and Stones, &c. Englished by John Frampton, Marchant. Lond. 1596. 4to. — Psalms of David tr. into Arabic. Lond. 1819. Guide des Voy. aux Etats Unis d’Amér. par Manuel. Paris, 1818. Essay on the Decline of For. Trade in G. B., and Means of restoring it. Lond. 1750. Huskinson on the Bullion Question. Lond. 1810. —— On the Poor Laws of G, B., by M. Nolan. 2 Vols, 8vo. Lond. 1805. 488 DONATIONS FOR THE LIBRARY. Vaughan (John) Picture of Edinburgh, by J. Stark. 12mo. Edin. 1825. Life of Theod. Agr. d’Aubigné, with an Account of the Civil Wars of France, from Charles IX to Louis XIII. Lond. 1772. —— Hist. Ecclés. des Eglises réformées de France. Vols 2,3. Any. 1580. —— Digest of the Records of the Gen. Ass. of the Presby. Church in America up to 1819. Philad. 1820. —— A Treatise on Astronomy, by Sir J. W. Herschel. 8vo. Philad. edit. 1833. —— Essay on Comets by A. Oliver. 1772, Winthrop’s Lect. on Comets, with Biog. of both. Boston, 1811. —— Tract on Comets by M. Arago, tr. by John Farrar. Boston, 1832. 8vo. —— Essay on Comets, with a new Theory for the Solution of Cometic Phenomena, by J. G. Hooper. Philad. 1832. —— Amer. Almanac for 1833; Astron. part by R. T. Paine. Also, with Statist. of U.S. of Amer. and Europe. 12mo. 1833. —— Berzelius sur la Chimie, tr. par Hervé. Paris, 1826. Bergwerk’s Lexicon, af Sven Rinman. 2 Vols, 4to. Stockholm, 1789. Du Systéme Pénitentiaire aux Etats Unis d’Amérique, par MM. Beaumont et Toque- ville. 8vo. Paris, 1833. —— Les Six Voyages de J. B. Tavernier en Turquie, Perse et aux Indes. 3 Vols, 12mo. a la Haye, 1708. —— Memoir of the Rey. Dr Joseph Priestley, reprinted on the Centenary of his Birth, with an Obituary Tablet. March 1833. Birmingham. — Sermon on the same Occasion, by Wm. Kentish. Birmingham, 1833. — Hist. of the Life and Voy. of Chr. Columbus, by Wash. Irving. 3 Vols, 8vo. New York, 1808. — Accounts of Gen. Geo. Washington with the U. 8. of America, for his Expenses during the Revolutionary War. Lithographed from the original Autograph, and duly certified. Wash. 1833. —— A short Hist of Barbadoes, from its Discovery to 1767. Lond. 1768. —— The Oceana and other Works of James Harrington, with his Life by John Toland. Fol. Lond. 1700. —— Aristotelis Stagyrite Politicorum, sive de Republica, Lib. 8. L.AretinoInterpr. Fol. 1563. (The Seven next following Works are in Harper’s Family Library, published N. ¥. 1831—3.) —— African Disc., with Illust. of Nat. Hist. by Jameson Wilson Murray. — Disc. of Polar Seas and Regions, with Illust. of N. H. by Leslie Jameson Murray, and an Account of the Whale Fishery. —— Progress of Dise. on the more Northern Coasts of America. —— Life of Sir Isaac Newton, by David Brewster. —— Lives and Voyages of Drake, Cavendish and Dampier, with an Account of the Buecan- iers and early Navigators. — Letters of Euler to a German Princess, on the Subject of Nat. Philos., with Notes by D. Brewster, and additional Notes to Amer. edit. by J. Griscom. — Festivals, Games and Amusements, ancient and modern, by H. Smith. —— Hist. Crit. de l’Inquisition d’Espagne, par J A. Llorente, tr. par Peltier. 4 Vols, 8vo. Paris, 1818. DONATIONS FOR THE LIBRARY. 489 Vaughan (Petty) The Hist. of the Conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards. By A. de Solis, tr. by Thomas Townsend. Lond. 1724. Fol. —— Hist. of America: all the principal Kingdoms, Provinces, and especially Terra Aus- tralis Incognita or Southern Continent, with the Hist. of the Conquest of Peru and Mexico. By J. Ogilby. Fol. Lond. 1682. Vaughan (William) Several early Volumes of the Trans. of the Amer. Philoso. Soc., now out of print. —— The State of the Commerce of G. B. with Reference to Colonial and other Produce for 1830. W. India Reporter, No. 38, 40. —— Finance Accounts of the United Kingdom of G. B. and Ireland for 1832, and to Jan. 1833. Lond. Fol. —— Letters from Settlers of Upper Canada and Map; and Description of Land in U. C. to be disposed of by the incorporated (1826) Company. Lond. 1833. — Report on the Bank of England Charter with Minutes of Evidence. Lond. 1832. —— Correspondence of the British Government with the Governors of Sierra Leone and other British Possessions in Africa, Island of Mauritius and Cape of Good Hope. Fol. Submitted to H. of Commons 1825. —— Reports of the Commissioners, appointed by his Majesty in compliance with an Ad- dress of H. of Commons, to inquire into the State of the Africans captured from Slave Traders, being part of Major Moody’s Rep. to H. of C. 1826. Fol. —— Origin and Progress of W. India Slavery, and an Account of the British Acts relative thereto, and which recognise the Legal. of Prop. in Slaves. Lond. 1833. Fol. — Heads of the English Bill for the Abolition of Slavery, and Obs. thereon by the West India Body of Merchants, 1833. Vaux (Roberts) Ann. Rep. of the Managers of Pennsylvania Soc. for discouraging the Use of Ardent Spirits. Philad. 1831. Wallenstein (Jules de) Mémoires sur l’Astronomie pratique, par Monteiro da Roca, Direct, de l’Observ. R. de Coimbra, tr. du Portug. 4to. Paris, 1808. Mémoire sur |’Intérieur de ]’Afrique, par Jer. la Lande. 4to. Paris. —— Spherische, Theoretische, Physische Astronomie, von P. F. Schubert. St Petersburg, 1798. Voyage en Californie, pour l’Observ. du Passage de Vénus, sur le disque du Soleil, 3 Juin, 1769, par Chappe d’Auteroche, rédigé par M. Cassini, aprés la Mort de C. dA. Paris, 1772. 4to. —— Elémens de la Géométrie 4 3 Dimensions, Theorie des Lignes, et des Substances Courbes; partie Synthétique. Paris, 1817. 8vo. —— Elémens de Géométrie, 1lme ed. Par A. Legendre. Paris, 1817. 8vo. — Nouvelles Tables Loxochomiques, application de la Théorie de la figure de la Terre a la Construction des Cartes Marines réduites, par Murdoch, tr. de l’Anglois, par M. De Bremard. Paris, 1832. 8vo. —— Essais de Géométrie sur les Plans et les Surfaces Courbes. Par S. F. La Croix. Paris, 1812. 8vo. —— Traité Elément. de Trigonom. rectilin. et sphérique. L’Application de l’Algébre a la Géométrie, par La Croix. Paris, 1822. 8vo. —— Examen des Méthodes employées pour résoudre les problémes de Géométrie. Par G. Lamé. Paris, 1818. 8vo. Vou. IV.—5 X 490 DONATIONS FOR THE LIBRARY. Wallenstein (Jules de) De Ja Correlation des figures de Géométrie. Paris, 1801. 8vo. —— Annuaire du Bureau de Longitude présenté au Roi par le Bureau, 1821—3. Paris, 16mo. Astronomisches Jahr Buch fiir das Jahr 1823. Berlin, 1820. Schumacher, (H. C.) Astron. Hiilftafeln fiir 1822. — Blunt’s Nautical Almanac. 1823. Several Numbers of Von Zach’s Monatliche Correspondenz. Walsh (Robt.) A very large and important Collection of Political, Historical Statistical, and Literary Pamphlets, and several Publie Documents, foreign and domestic. Ward (Sam.) New York Mathem. Diary, ed. by James Ryan, for 1832. Warden (D. B.) L’Art de Vérifier les dates, depuis 1770, jusqu’ & nos jours. Vol. 4, faisant suite 4 Hist. Chronol. d’Am. L’Art de Vérifier les dates, suite de la Chronol. Hist. de l’Amérique. Vols 13, 14. (Brésil) Paris, 1822—3. With a great number of valuable Pamphlets. — Dermniers momens de M. Grégoire, Anc. Evéque de Blois. Paris, 1821. — Bibliotheca Amer. or Chro. Catal. of Books relative to N. and S. Amer. Paris, 1831. — Paris Rapports de la Société d’Agricult. de Caen. 1831. —— Etat de la Se. relative aux malad. Epidémiques, ou remarques sur les démarches de M. Chervin, pour empécher l’examen de ses Documens. Par M. Lassis. Paris, 1831. —— Notes Biog. pour faire suite & l’Eloge de M. Fourier, par M. Cousin. 1831. —— Rapport par David, & l’Occasion des primes sur les Antiq. de France. — Disc. prononcé par M. Brissant & la Séanco publique de l’Acad. pour décerner le Prix Montyon. —— Almanac de France 1833, par la Soe. pour l’émancipation intellectuelle de la France. 12mo. —— La Flore et la Pomone Frangoise. Livrais. 105—8. Prospectus with the above as Specimens. Watmough (J. G.) Letter of L. M’Lane, Sec. of the Treas., with Statement of Commerce and Navigation of U.S. for 1832. 8vo. Watson (Jno. J.) His Annals of Philad. from the Olden Time, with an Appendix relative to the Olden Time of N. York City. Philad. 1830. 8vo. Wigglesworth (E.) See Lieber. White (D. A.) Second Century Lecture of 1st Congressional Church at Salem, Mass. By Rey. C. W. Upham. 1829. White (Rt. Rev. Bishop Wm.) 15 Nos to complete a Set of the Report of the Amer. Bible Soc. to 1830. Also 3 Reports of French Bible Soc. Paris, 1828. Wood (G. B.—M.D.) and Franklin Bache, M.D. The Dispensatory of the United States of Amer. Philad. 1833. 8vo. Woodbridge (W. C.) Amer. Ann. of Educ. and Instruction, ed. by him. No. 1, 3d series. Boston, 1830. Worcester (J. E.) Pronouncing and explaining Dict. of the English Language, also of Clas- sical and Scriptural Names. Boston, 1830. 8vo. Yard (Wm.) Several Essays on Natural History :— On the Change of Plumage in Pheasants. On the Trachea of Birds. On a Species of Tringa. On the Organ of Voice in Birds. Lond. 4to. From the ‘Trans. of Royal Soc. and Linnean Soe. DONATIONS FOR THE CABINET. 491 Yard (Wm.) Descrip. of the Organ of Voice in a new Species of Wild Swan (Cygnus Buccinator of Richardson). Lond. 1831. 4to. Zimmerman (M. D.) Positions Géogr. de l’Obs. depuis Tobolsk Jusqu’ & la mer Glaciale, corrigées, par Adolphe Erman, servant de prospectus i la relation d’un Voyage, par le Nord de l’Asie et les deux Océans dans les Années 1828—30. Berlin, 1831. 8vo. Pub. par l’Acad. Roy. des Sciences. Works subscribed for, or purchased by Members of the Society, and presented to the Library. The Birds of America, by John James Audubon, intended to be comprehended in 4 Vols, grand folio, at $200. Vol. 1. and 3, 4 of the 2d received, and remainder to be delivered as published. Hist. et Mémoires de ]’Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, 1701 a 1784. Paris, 1736—93. The Topog. and Hist. of the United States of Amer. with 100 Plates, by John H. Hinton. 2 Vols, 4to. Lond. 1832. DONATIONS FOR THE CABINET. Portraits oF PResIpENTs AND MemBers Of THE AMERICAN PuiLosoPHicaL Society. William Short, Portrait of Thomas Jefferson (Pres.), by Thos. Sully. Henry Seybert, Portrait of Caspar Wistar (Pres.), by Thomas Sully. Subscription of some of the Members, Portrait of Robert Patterson (Pres.), by R. Peale. Portrait of William Tilghman (Pres.), by R. Peale. Portrait of P. S. Du Ponceau (Pres.), by Thomas Sully. The Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Portrait of The Abbé Correa da Serra (Member), by Lawrence. Tue ApMINISTRATORS AND Proressors or THE Museum or Naturat Hisrory, Paris, gave to Dr Richard Harlan, to be presented to The American Philosophical Society, Two valuable Casts, viz. 1, The Head of the Maestricht Monitor of Cuvier, described in his Works, « Osse- mens fossiles, Vol. 5, p. 2, 3d edit. p. 31; but Cuvier finally adopted the Name of Mosasaurus given to it by Conybeare. 2. The almost entire Skeleton of the Plesiosaurus Dalicodeiris from the Cliffs of Lime Regis, Dorset Co., Great Britain. Through the same medium of Dr Harlan: M. David, Member of the Institute of France, presented to the Amer. Philosophical Society, a Colossal Bust in Plaster of Cuvier, inscribed ¢ A la Mémoire de Georges Cuvier, P. J, David.’ This Bust was not made for sale. 492 DONATIONS FOR THE CABINET. Adams (John Quincy) A Collection of Minerals made by Andrew Armstrong, U. States’ Resident at Lima. ' Audubon (J. J.) Eleven Species of large Marine Shells from Florida. Bloomfield (J. KE.) Two Silver Vases used by the Priests of the Temple of the Sun, and a Cestus worn by a Virgin of the Sun at the Period of the Invasion of Peru by Pi- zalto. Brown (Fred.) A Peruvian Ewer of Antique Form found at Huaco. Brown (P. A.) A Fac-simile in Plaster of 2 Letters found in the middle of a Stone when sawed. —— A Plate, being the Profile of the Rocks between Philadelphia and Norristown, sur- veyed by him. Burroughs (Marmaduke—M.D.) A very valuable and numerous Collection of Huacaros, or Indian Antiquities, from the Cemeteries of the Ancient Peruvians, collected prin- cipally from the Neighbourhood of Truxillo in Lower Peru, and from Arica and Quilea in Upper Peru. Also a very large and interesting Collection of fabrics from the Philippine Islands, Alsam and other Parts of Asia, comprising Manu- factures from the Manilla Hemp, Leaf of the Pine Apple, &c. by the Natives of those Parts. Also Specimens of the Essential Oils of Croton and Camphor from the East Indies. Bry (H.) Some Fossil Bones found near Washita, 50 Miles from the Town of Monroe, described in this Vol., with a Plate. — A Specimen of Silk Cloth manufactured by Silk Worms on a Plane Surface instead of Cocoons. Cass (Lewis) A Specimen of Salt, 2 inches by 22, cut out of a Mass of Salt in a Brick at the Head of Arkansas, in-which a Channel had been worn in the Salt Rock. Coles (Edw.) Various Specimens of Lead and Copper Ore from Illinois, Missouri, and N. W. Territory. D’Homergue (J.) A Cast, coined 1791, before the Establishment of the Mint (1792), with a Head of Washington. N.B. This was presented as a Model but rejected. Du Ponceau (P. 8.) Fragments of Egyptian papyrus, found by an American Officer among the Ruins of Thebes ; the writing in the Demotic character. Fairman, Draper, Underwood, and Co., Specimen Sheets of Bank Note Engravings, Busts, Vignettes, &e. Harlan (Richard—M.D.) Several Specimens of Indian Pottery. One very large from Ken- tucky, the rest from Peru. Hodgson (W. B.) A Girdle of a Berber Female. Humphreys (Sterne, Lt. U. S. Navy) A Collection of very interesting Articles collected by him when on Board the St Louis on the Coast of America and Pacific Ocean :— Ancient Pottery from Huaco, Minerals from Cobija, Shells, Dresses, War Imple- ments, Paddles of curious Workmanship, from Feejee Islands and Marquesas. Jones (Wm.) Collec. des Gravures des Tableaux d’aprés l’Ecole Ital. contenus dans le Musée Napoleon, avee Description, par J. Griffith. Paris, 1806. Keaff ( ) Collection of Copper Ores from Perkoiming. La Roche (R.—M.D.) A Specimen of Calcareous Deposit from the Tartarian Lake, 12 Miles from Rome. DONATIONS FOR THE CABINET. 493 Martinez (J. J.) MSS. Chart of his Survey of the N. W. Coast of Cuba, between Havana and Cape Antonio. Mease (James—M.D.) A Collection of Minerals from the Serra de Pasco Mines of Peru. Meigs (C. D.—M.D.) Human Bones found in Brazil, described in the Transactions of the Soc., Vol. 3. New Series. Middleton (Henry) Two Russian Coins of Platina, value 3 and 6 rubles. Mifflin (Charles—M.D.) An engraved Portrait of John Dalton, Manchester, G. B. Nagy (Charles) A Telescope made by Ploeffel of Vienna. A Collection of Roman, Turkish, Austrian, and Hungarian Coins and Medals. —— A New Map of Hungary on a large Scale. —— A Map of the Moon (Desmond), with a Description of Size, Mountains, &c. in German, with Marks and References. Parker (General Daniel) Plan of New York by Longstreth. Survey of the Isthmus of Cape Cod (Mass.) and the Town of Sandwich, with a Profile of the proposed Route for a Canal between Buzzard and Barnstable Bays. —— Survey of Valley and Pond auxiliary to the above Survey. The above surveyed by J. A. W. Smith and F. Searle of U. States Artillery. —— A Map of the Country between Washington and Pittsburgh, with reference to the Ohio and Chesapeake Canal Route and Profile, 1826, by Lt Farley, from general Map in Engineer Department. Routes examined between N. Orleans and Washington, with a View to a National Road. Original Pencil Portrait of Zaccheus Collins, late Vice Pres. of the Society, by Long- acre. ‘This last deposited. Poussin (Wm. Tell) Survey of a Route for a Canal between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Surveyed by Gen. Bernard and W. T. Poussin, by Order of the United States. Wash. Feb. 1830. Rawle (Wm.) Lithograph. Portrait of John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States, from a painting by Inman. Strickland (Wm.) Plan of the Harbour of the Delaware Breakwater from the Ocean, now executing by him. 1833. Tanner (Henry 8.) His new and authentic Map of the Globe, embracing all the recent Discoveries. Philad. 1831. His Universal Atlas, No. 1 a8. Philad. 1833. Tappan (Charles & Co.) Specimens of their Bank Note Engraving, &c. submitted to the Banks. Wetherill (C.) A Bust of John Quincey Adams, east in Iron at Keim and Jones’s Furnace, Pennsylvania. Wetherill (J. P.) Casts of Megalonyx Fossil Bones, found in the White Cave, Kentucky. Zollikoffer (Wm.—M.D.) Specimen of Sewing Silk, in Maryland, from Cocoons produced by Worms fed entirely from Lettuce Leaves. Vou. IV.—5 Y 494 LEGACY TO THE SOCIETY. Thomas (Isaiah), of Worcester, Massachusetts, Five Hunprep Dotzars. Note.—Legacies to the Society should be made to them by their Corporate Name, “* The American Philosophical Society, held at Philadelphia, for promoting Useful Know- ledge,”’ otherwise they will be void for uncertainty. ERRATA IN DONATIONS. Page 471, 8th line, for Cuts in read Nos. Page 472, 16th line, for cao. read 4to. Page 474, 6th line, for Chapzki read Chadzki 21st line, for C. H. Panans read C, H. Pander Page 475, 1st line, for Whister read Whiter Page 480, 24th line, for Ingraham read Ingham Page 481, 4th line, for Phrenology read Phonology 2dth line, for Leslie (T. G.) read Leslie (T. J.) Page 487, 6th line, for Marden read Marsden Page 490, 4th line from bottom, for Yard (Wm.) read Yarrell (Wm.) Page 491, 1st line, for Yard (Wm.) read Yarrell (Wm.) 10th line, after at $200. insert per volume. Page 492, 28th line, for Cast read Cent INDEX To THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD AND FOURTH VOLUMES—NEW SERIES. ABAX CORACINUS, Ul, 59. IV, 426. permundus, IV, 426. Aborigines of North America, memoir on their population and tumuli, by H. H. Brackenridge, I, 151. Acinula candicans, IV, 266. Acipenser brevirostrum, I, 390. oxyrhynchus ? I, 394. rubicundus, I, 388, Acladium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 276. Acremonium, synopsis of N. American species, LV, 283. Acrospermum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 266. Acrothamnium violaceum, IV, 275. Actidium caricinum, IV, 240. Actinodermium Sterrebeckii, 1V, 255. Actinothyrium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 249. Acupalpus conjunctus, IV, 435. debilipes, IV, 435. obsoletus, IV, 435. partiarius, 1V, 434. rupestris, IV, 435. Adrain, Robert, investigation of the figure of the earth, and of the gravity in different latitudes, I, 119. search concerning the mean diameter of the earth, 353. Advertisement of the Amer. Philos. Soc. I, iv. Ul,iv. III, iii. Aecidium, IV, 292. Aegerita, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 303. Aethalium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 261. Agaricus, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 145. Agonum errans, IV, 423. limbatum, IV, 423. nutans, IV, 423. obsoletum, IV, 423. orbicolle, IV, 423. punctiforme, IV, 423. suturale, IV, 423. Agyrium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 187. Re- 496 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD irish, third vocal sound, I, 258. Alhidade to the plane table intended for the survey of the coast, II, 348. Alligator, observations on its anatomy and physiology, by N. M. Hentz, II, 216. Alluvial formation, description of, I, 23.—Deposits of shells in, 24.—Inland Navigation in this class extensive and commodious, but where it forms a sea-coast the harbours and bays are difficult and dangerous, 59. Alphabet of the Berber Language, IV, 38. Alphabetical Writing in all the European languages has more or less deviated from its original plan, I, 232. Altitudes of mountains of New York, New Hampshire and Vermont, by A. Partridge, I, 147. All possible ones on land measured by a simple appendage to the reflecting sector, 825. Problem to find the angular altitude or depression of any visible object, 336. Alternaria tenuis, 1V, 286. Alytosporium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 274. Amara, II, 35, 36,37. IV, 428. —— angustata, IV, 428. —— basilaris, 1V, 428. — dolosa, IV, 428. — furtiva, IV, 429. ? grossa, 1V, 439. —— impuncetata, IV, 428. —— impuneticollis, IV, 428. —— musculis, IV, 428. —— obesa, IV, 428. —— sera, IV, 428. Amber at Cape Sable, Maryland, II, 110 and 113. Amblycheila, a new genus of insects, IV, 409. American Philosophical Society, rules of, I, iv. Officers, I, v. If, v. III, iv. List of members, I, vi. Il, vi. III, v. Grant by the city authorities of the use of the centre Engine House for an astronomical observatory, I, xvi. Donations to the library, I, 436. II, 481. IIT, 489. [V, 471—to the cabinet, I, 452. IT, 502. III, 509, IV, 491. Rules for the government of committees of publi- cation, IIT, iii. Prefatory notice to the 3d Vol., III, vii. A collection of Mexican antiquities pre- sented, III, 510, Ammocetes bicolor, 1, 386. Amygdaloid in the vicinity of the Rocky mountains, II, 211. Analysis of the blue iron earth of New Jersey, by Thomas Cooper, I, 193—of the component sounds of the English language, by P. S. Duponceau, I, 228. Anchomenus cincticollis, IV, 421. — collaris, 1V, 421. —— decentis, IV, 421. — decvrus, IV, 421. —— extensicollis, 1V, 421. Anderson, Henry James, On the motion of solids on surfaces, in the two hypotheses of perfect sliding and per- fect rolling, with a particular examination of their small oscillatory motions, III, 315 and 335 Con- cluding remarks, 382. Angiogustres, order of fungi, IV, 252. Anisodactylus agricolus, 1V, 481. —— Baltimoriensis, 1V, 431. — cenus, IV, 431. —— carbonarius, IV, 432. —— dilatatus, 1V, 431. — latus? Dej. 1V, 432. —ruslicus, IV, 431. Anixia interrupta, 1V, 264. Anthina ceranoides, 1V, 305. Anthracite in the U. States found only in the transition formation, I, 12. Antiquities of Mexico, a collection presented to the American Philosophical Society, III, 510. AND FOURTH VOLUMES—NEW SERIES. 497 intiquity of the mounds on the Mississippi, I, 158. Apiosporium salicinum, IV, 265. Apparatus which may serve as a substitute for the ship pump, I, 427. Arachnion album, IV, 253. Arctic plants, their southern limit in N. America, III, 283. Arcyria, synopsis of N. American species, 1V, 259. Aretharea, a new genus of insects, IV, 411. Argand Lamp, observations on the superior light which it produces, III, 56. Argillaceous and calcareous earths, most propitious to vegetable production, I, 177. Argutor, I, 58 and 59. Arithmetic, an easy solution to a useful problem in, I, 181. Arpeth, second vocal sound, I, 251. Arthrinium caricicola, IV, 278. Articulations of the human voice, differences in, in different languages, I, 229. No idea of them can be con- veyed by alphabetical signs, 229, &c. Ascobolus, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 178. Aspergillus, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 282. Aspirations, two in the English language, I, 246. Astacus Blandingii, I, 464. Asterophora, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 263. Astronomical applications of the laws of irradiation, IV, 347, &c. Astronomical clocks, intended for the observatories, II, 359, Astronomical observations. See Ellicott, Roberts, Gummere, Renwick, Paine, Hassler, Patterson, Walker, Lambert. Astrosporium vulgare, IV, 299. Atractobolus, synopsis of N. American species, 1V, 254. Aulif, first vocal sound, I, 250. Auricularini, suborder of fungi, IV, 165. Austin, James, an easy solution of a useful problem in arithmetic, I, 181. Azim, fourth vocal sound, I, 253. Azimuth, or bearing, of any particular object, how to find by means of a new instrument, I, 838. Of the sun, may be found by the same, the meridian and Jatitude of the place being given, 339. Also the meri- dian and declination being given, 339; and the latitude and time, 339. Bache, A. D., meteorological observations during the solar eclipse of Feb. 12, 1831, IV, 132. Bactridium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 276. Baldwin, William, account of two North American species of Cyperus, discovered in the state of Georgia ; to which is added four species of Kyllingia, found on the Brazilian coast, and on the Rio de Ja Plata in South America, II, 167. Barometer, diurnal variations of, 11, 424, &c. Observations made with it at Washington city, 431 and 436. Observations made during the solar eclipse of Feb. 12, 1831, IV, 134. Basalt, opinion that it is originally always amorphous, and takes a determinate form only in a state of decom- position, IT, 157. Basilosaurus, 1V, 403. Bembidium affine, U1, 86. — contractum, II, 85. — coxendix, IV, 436. — dorsale, II, 84. IV, 437. —— ephippiatum, IV, 439. — flavicaudum, I, 87. — honestum, II, 82. IV, 436. — inequale, IV, 436. — incurvum, IV, 440. —— inornatum, II, 87. — levum, Il, 88. Vou. IV.—5 Z 498 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Bembidium levigatum, II, 84. IV, 436. — niger, II, 85. IV, 436. —— oppositum, II, 86. IV, 438. —— postremum, IV, 437. —— proximum, IT, 88. —— puncetato-striatum, II, 83. —— semifasciatum, IV, 438. sigillare, IV, 437. — tetracolum, II, 89. IV, 437. — tripunctatum, LV, 439. —— variegatum, II, 89. Berbers of Africa, memoir on their language, manners and customs, by Wm. Shaler, II, 438. Vocabularies of the language of the Kabyles, 453 ;—notes on the foregoing vocabularies, 460. Vocabulary of the Mozabi dialect, 462. Grammatical structure of the Berber language, 463. Grammatical sketch and specimens of the language, preceded by four letters on Berber etymologies, addressed to the presi- dent of the society, by William B. Hodgson, IV, 1. Their towns divided into two, three or four distinct communities, who war with each other, 29. Alphabet of the Berber language, 38. Of the article, 38. Declension of nouns substantive, 39. Examples of the numbers in nouns, 39. Inflee- tion of an adjective, 40. Comparison of an adjective, 40. Numerals, 40. Pronouns, 40. Verbs, and specimens of the manner in which they are conjugated, 41. Berber poetry, 44. A Berber tale, with an interlinear translation, 46. Big Beaver, outlet of, a noted place among the Indians, IV, 366. Big Bone Lick, an account of two heads found there, 1,375. Teeth of the mastodon and Siberian elephant found there, I, 376. Birds, observations on moulting, III, 292. Observations on the genus Tetrao, with a synopsis of the species, IIT, 383. Biscaries of Africa, II, 446. Further observations on them, IV, 23. Bison, cranium of, I, 380. Black Lead, beds of, noticed, I, 34. Bleaching, memoir on, by T. Cooper, I, 317. Improved method of, 318. Blood, influence of position on its circulation, I, 300. Blue Iron Earth of New Jersey, analysis of, by Thomas Cooper, I, 193. Blue Ridge, from Magotty to Rockfish gap, divides the primitive and transition formations, I, 41. Bog Iron Ore, deposits of, in the alluvial, I, 25. More abundant in the alluvial of New Jersey and Maryland than in other states to the south, 71.. Boletus, the N. American species, IV, 154. Bonaparte, Charles Lucien, general observations on the birds of the genus Tetrao; with a synopsis of the species hitherto known, III, 383. Bonasia, iil, 384 and 389. Bones, observations on those processes of the ethmoid bone which originally form the spenoidal sinuses, I, 371. Account of two heads found at Big Bone Lick, 375. Bos, fossil heads of this genus found at Big Bone Lick, I, 376. Botryosporium, a new genus of fungi, IV, 306. Botrytis, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 280. Bovista, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 256. Brachinus fumans, Il, 7. —— stygicornis, IV, 415. Brackenridge, H. H., memoir on the population and tumuli of the Aborigines of N. America, I, 151. Browne, P. 4., description of an improved piston for steam engines, without hemp packing, I, 313. Bry, H., letter accompanying some fossil bones found on the Ouachita, 1V,397. Some geological observations on the state of Louisiana, 398. Bulgaria, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 178. Bull, Marcus, experiments to determine the comparative quantities of heat evolved in the combustion of the principal varieties of wood and coal used in the United States for fuel; also to determine the comparative quantities of heat lost by the ordinary apparatus made use of for their combustion, III, 2. AND FOURTH VOLUMES—NEW SERIES. 499 Description of the apparatus, plan of the experiments and manner of experimenting, 9. Mode of ascertaining the value of a given quantity of fuel, 22. Method of ascertaining the specific gravity of wood, 30. Method of obtaining the product of charcoal, 31. Density or durability of the different woods, apparently not to be attributed to the quantity of carbon they contain, 36. Experiments to determine the comparative loss of heat sustained by different constructions of apparatus ordinarily used for the combustion of fuel, 40. General table to the above experiments, 60. Table exhibiting the results of experiments made to determine the comparative loss of heat sustained by using appa- ratus of different constructions, III, 63. Burrough, M., letter on the subject of a species of Orang from the N. Eastern province of British India, IV, 56. Cabinet of the American Philosophical Society, donations to, I, 452. II, 502. III, 509. IV, 491. Cactus, an arborescent species on the head waters of the Arkansaw, II, 182. Caeoma, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 290. Calathus, I, 47 and 48. Calleida decora, 1V, 414. purpurea, 414. —— smaragdina, Dej. 414. —— viridipennis, 414. Calocera, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 183. Calosoma calidum, II, 74. IV, 416. — leve, lV, 416. — luxatum, IV, 416. —— scrutator, II, 73. Calcareous and argillaceous earths most propitious to vegetable production, I, 177. Calcareous earth the only one that water can nearly perfectly dissolve, 180. Campanius, his account of New Sweden noticed, I, 341. Campsotrichum splendidum, 1V, 283. Campioum curvatum, IV, 278. Cantharellus, North American species of, IV, 152. Cantharis marginata and bimaculata, III, 459. Capillaria, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 273. Carabici and Hydrocanthari, descriptions of N. Amer. species, II, 1. Carabus externus, IV, 416. —— interruptus, II, 76. — ligalus, IV, 416. — limbatus, I, 77. — serratus, II, 77. IV, 416. — sylvosus, Il, 75. vinctus, IV, 416. Cardiospermum helicacabum, abundant and native on the Canadian, two hundred miles above its confluence, II, 180. Carlisle, Penn., observations on the trap rocks near, II, 156. Carocolla helicoides, IV, 103. —— spinosa, IV, 104. Cartridges, leaden, memoir on, by W. Jones, I, 137. Casnonia rufipes, 1V, 412. Castalia, observations on this genus, IV, 107. ¥ Catalogue of plants collected during a journey to and from the Rocky Mountains, II, 172. Of Mexican Anti- quities presented to the American Philosophical Society, III, 510. Cenangium, synopsis of N. American species, LV, 238. Cephalotrichum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 304. Ceratium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 305. Ceratosporium, a new genus of fungi, IV, 300. Ceuthospora phaeocomes, IV, 248. Chaetomium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 265. 500 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Chalk formation, not yet discovered in the United States,1,15. Decomposes into a good soil whon level, 55. Charcoal in different woods, method of ascertaining the quantity of, Il, 31. This method of obtaining charcoal successfully practised on a large scale, 33. Chart, vertical one of the Ohio river, II, 124. Chauliognathus, a new genus of insects, of the family Lampyrides, III, 460. ——- marginatus, 460. — bimaculatus, 461. Cherokee language, analogous in one of its forms to the Berber, II, 443. Chimneys, observations on them, III, 52, &c. Chinese language, observations on, I, 235 ;—and Cochin Chinese, notice on the comparative vocabulary brought to this country, by J. White, III, 72. Chinese characters cannot be read alike in every language, not even in those which have the greatest resemblance, 72. Chlenius estivus, I, 62. — circumcinctus, IV, 418. — emarginatus, II, 63. —— impunctifrons, II, 64. — laticollis, II, 64. —— lithophilus, Il, 62. —— nemoralis, Il, 65. — Pennsylvanicus, Il, 66. —— pusillus, II, 63. IV, 418. —— sericeus, II, 61. — soccatus, IV, 419. —— solitarius, II, 65. —— tomentosus, IV, 418. —— vigilans, 1V, 419. Chloridium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 276. Chondropterigious fishes, several N. Amer. species described, I, 383. Chordostylum capillare, IV, 284. Chrysoberyls from Haddam and Brasil, analyses of, II, 116. Cicindela, several N. American species described, by T. Say, I, 401. Description of the habits and larva of these insects, 401. Essential character of the genus, 405, Artificial character, 405. Natural cha- racter, 406. Species, 409. — abdominalis, 425, —— decimnotata, 423. — denticulata, I, 253. — dorsalis, 1, 415. IV, 410. — duodecim-guttata, Dej. IV, 411. — formosa, I, 422. — hemorrhoidalis, II, 254. — hirticollis, I, 411. IV, 410. —— marginata, I, 417. IV, 410. —— micans, I, 426. — obscura, I, 418. —— punctulata, I, 420. —— purpurea, I, 419. IV, 410. —— pusilla, 1, 424. — sexguttata, I, 414. IV, 410. ' —— splendida, III, 254. —— unicolor, Dej. IV, 410. —— wnipunctata, J, 412. IV, 410. — violacea, I, 425. —— vulgaris, I, 409. IV, 410. Circinotrichum candidum, IV, 276. AND FOURTH VOLUMES—NEW SERIES. 501 Circulation of the blood, influence of position on, I, 300, In the alligator, I, 216 to 227. Cladosporium, synopsis of N. American species, [V, 277. Clasterisporium, a new genus of fungi, IV, 300. Clathrus, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 252. Clavaria, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 181. Climate of the country about the river Delaware, observations made on it at an early period, 1,340. Of Wash- ington, very moist during a great part of the year, II, 481. Of Washington and St Petersburg com- pared, 433. Cliostomum corrugatum, IV, 240. Clivina bipustulata, I, 20. IV, 415. —— globulosa, I, 23. —— lineolata, II, 22. —— pallida, II, 22. —— pallipennis, I, 24. — quadrimaculata, IV, 415. —— sphericollis, U1, 23. — viridis, Il, 21. IV, 416. Clocks, astronomical, intended for the observatories, II, 359. Cloud, Joseph, account of some experiments made on crude Platinum, and a new process for separating Palla- dium and Rhodium from that metal, I, 161. An altempt to ascertain the fusing temperature of metals, 167. Inquiry into the causes why the metals in a solid state appear to be specifically lighter than in a state of fusion, 170. Coal, formation at Richmond, noticed, 1,31. Extent of, in the United States, 39. Used with advantage as manure, 73. Formed by the decomposition of vegetables imbedded between stony strata, I, 179. Description of fossil vegetables contained in, I, 265. Coal-field of Yorkshire and Derbyshire, 269. Indications of, in the vicinity of the Rocky Mountains, II, 207. Coast of the United States, papers relating to the survey. See Hassler. Coccotvichum, synopsis of N. American species, [V, 274. Coelosporium fruticulosum, IV, 279. Colletosporium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 274. Collin, Nicholas, observations made at an early period on the climate of the country about the river Delaware, collected from the records of the Sweedish colony, I, 340. Colymbetes ambiguus, II, 96. —— bicarinatus, II, 98. —— erytropterus, I, 95. —— fenestralis, 11, 95. IV, 443. —— glyphicus, II, 99. —— gutticollis, 1V, 442. —— interrogatus, IV, 443. — nitidus, II, 98. — obtusatus, II, 99. —— seriatus, II, 97. P —— stagninus, II, 100. —— teniolis, 1V, 442. —— venustus, 11,98. IV, 4438. Comet of 1807, observations on, by A. Ellicott, I, 94. Condor, notice of an anatomical peculiarity in its structure, III, 466. Coniosporium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 265. Connewago hills of Pennsylvania, Trap rocks of, IT, 156. Conoplea hispidula, 1V, 278. Consonant, or Organic sounds, twenty-one in the English language, I, 246. Contents of Vol. I, xxi. Il, xiii. ITY, ix. Cooper, Thomas, analysis of the blue iron earth of New Jersey, 1,192. Memoir on bleaching, 317. Copper, beds of the ore, noticed, I, 29 and 34. Fusing temperature of, 169. Vou. IV.—6 A 502 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Coptotomus, a new genus of insects, IV, 443. Coremium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 282. Correa de Serra, J., observations and conjectures on the formation and nature of the soil of Kentucky, I, 174, Opinion on the soil of the Elkhorn tract, 180. Coryneum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 306. Cranium, of a fossil deer, described, I, 378. Of the American Elk and Moose, 378. Ofa fossil ox, 379. Of the Bison, 380. Cratacanthus Pennsylvanicus, IV, 430. Craterium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 258. Cribraria, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 260. Crinula, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 183. Crocodilus lucius, observations on its anatomy and physiology, II, 216. Cryptosporium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 299. Crystalline lens, peculiar structure of, as connected with irradiation, IV, 345. Currents, tables of observations made during twenty-six voyages to and from Europe, IJ, 142. Periodical ones seem to prevail between the Bank of Newfoundland and Europe, 144. Water always warmer in currents than out of them, 151. Cychrus bilobus, II, 73. — elevatus, 71. —— stenostomus, 72. — unicolor, 71. Cymindis decorus, II, 8. IV, 414. laticollis, IV, 4138. —— pilosus, 11,10. IV, 414. —— platicollis, IV, 413. —— purpureus, II,10. IV, 414. — sinuatus, II, 8. —— viridipennis, 11,9. IV, 414. Cyperus sparsiflorus, 11, 166. —— ovatus, II, 167. Cyphella, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 184. Cytispora, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 247. Dacrina, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 305. Dacrymyces, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 186. Dactylium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 283. Daedalea, the N. American species, IV, 160. Daptus incrassatus, IV, 430. Deaths in the city and liberties of Philadelphia, for eight years, 1809 to 1816, with the diseases,ages, &c., I, 430. For the year 1817—18, 453. Debris of granite, &c., scattered over the valley of the Ohio, I, 41 and 85, II, 133, &e.—and Missouri, 135 ;— lying in heaps, 137. De Butts, Elisha, account of an improvement made on the differential thermometer of Mr Leslie, I, 302. Declination may be found by a new instrument, the meridian and latitude of a place being given, 1,339. Also, the latitude and time being given, 339. Decomposition of rocks, I, 43. Of vegetables, imbedded between strong strata, compared with the same pro- cess in the atmosphere, 178. Delaware, state of, geology, nature of the soil, internal navigation, &c., I, 74. Observations on the climate of ‘ ia country about the river Delaware, made at an early period, 340. Indian name of this river, , 355. Delaware Indians, grammar of their language, III, 65. Names given by them to rivers, streams, places, &c., in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland and Virginia, &c., IV, 351. Del Rio, Andres, memoir on silver ores, reduced by the method of Becquerel, IV, 60. Dematium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 287. AND FOURTH VYOLUMES—NEW SERIES. Dermea, synopsis of N. American species, LV, 237. Dermosporium, synopsis of N. American species, 1V, 302. Diachaea leucostyla, 1V, 260. Dials, description and use of a very simple instrument for setting them up, I, 333. Diary of the weather, kept on the Delaware during the years 1644—5, by John Campanius, I, 342. Dicelus dilatatus, 11, 68. —— elongatus, If, 68. IV, 421. —— purpuratus, II, 67. IV, 421. — sculptilis, Il, 68. —— splendidus, II, 69. —— violaceus, II, 67. Dicaeoma, IV, 295. Dichaena, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 227. Dichosporium aggregatum, IV, 263. Dictydium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 260. Didymium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 257. Didymosporium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 298. Dip of the strata in the United States, I, 21. Diphthongal sounds, I, 258. Ditiola, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 179. Donations to the library, I, 436. II, 481. III, 487. IV, 471. To the cabinet, I, 452. II, 602. IV, 491. Dorsey, John Syng, account of a large wen successfully extirpated, I, 298. Dothidea, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 230. Downs on the southern shore of Lake Michigan, II, 131. Drake, Daniel, geological account of the valley of the Ohio, II, 124. Opinion on the transportation from the north, of the great blocks of granite, &c. which are spread over the Ohio valley, 137. Draw-gate, description of a rolling one, as applied to water-mills, 1, 307. Dromia, II, 15. Dryophilum, a new genus of fungi, IV, 268. Duponceau, Peter S., English phonology, or an essay towards an analysis and description of the component sounds of the English language, I, 228. Series of letters to him on the language, manners and cus- toms of the Berbers of Africa, II, 438. Letter from him to the president of the society, enclosing the above communications, 438, Grammar of the language of the Lenni Lenape, or Delaware Indians, translated from the German manuscript of the late Rev. David Zeisberger, for the American Philo- sophical Society, III, 65. Translator’s preface, 65. Notice of the comparative vocabulary of Pallas and of the Mithridates, 65 to 68. Present state of philology, 69. Notice of a vocabulary of the Chinese and Cochin-Chinese languages brought to the United States by J. White, 72. A remark- able character which pervades all the Indian languages from Greenland to Cape Hom, 76. The In- dian languages are rich in words and regular in their forms, and do not yield in those respects to any other idiom, 77. Multitude of ideas combined with the verb in the Indian languages, 84. Notice of the Rev. David Zeisberger, 86. Notice of an essay on a uniform orthography for the Indian lan- guages, 90. Introduction to the grammar, 97. Concluding note, 248, His opinion, that the gram- matical forms of a language, or its organization, are the work of nature, and not of civilization or its arts, 249. That the arts of civilization may cultivate and by that means polish a language to a cer- tain extent, but cannot alterits organization, 249. That the contrary opinion, which appears generally to prevail in Europe, is the result of the pride of civilized men; a passion inherent in our nature, and the greatest obstacle that exists to the investigation of truth, 249. Grammatical sketch and specimens of the Berber language: preceded by four letters on Berber etymologies, addressed to him by William B. Hodgson, 1V,1. Memoir of the Rev. John Heckewelder on the names given by the Delaware Indians to rivers, streams, places, &c., in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland and Virginia; also names of chieftains, with the significations, and biographical sketches, &c., IV, 351. Observations on the etymology of Tinicum and Ohio, 352. 504 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Dynamics, of solids on supporting surfaces, in the two hypotheses of perfect sliding and perfect rolling, with a special consideration of the laws of their oscillatory motions, III, 316. Dytiscus bimarginatus, IV, 442. ——- confluens, IV, 440. — fimbriolatus, U1, 91. —— habilis, IV, 441. — mediatus, II, 93. — teniolis, If, 94. IV, 442. —— verticalis, II, 92. Earth, investigation of the figure of, by R. Adrain,J, 119. Research concerning its mean diameter, I, 353. To find a sphere agreeing with the terrestrial spheroid in as many important circumstances as possible, I, 353. Its radius and the gravity on its surface should be equal to the semidiameter and gravity of the terrestrial spheroid in lat. 35° 15’, 865. Its radius and the length of a degree of a great circle reduced to English miles, 366. Earthquake at Philadelphia, on the 17th of December, 1737, I, 352. Eclipse, lunar, observations made on that of Jan. 4, 1806, by A. Ellicott, I, 93. —— solar, of February 12, 1831, observations made on it, in different parts of the United States, IV, 125; at Philadelphia, by J. Roberts. 125; at Burlington, N. Jersey, by John Gummere, 128; at Columbia College, N. York, by J. Renwick; at Cape Malabar Light-house, by Robert Treat Paine, 130; at Washington city, by F. R. Hassler, 131; at the University of Virginia, by R. M. Patterson, 132; at Philadelphia, by S. €. Walker, 128. Meteorological observations made at Philadelphia, by A, D. Bache, 182. Solar spectrum observed, 129. Magnetic needle observed, 129. Eclipses of Jupiter’s satellites, observations on, by A. Ellicott, I, 93. — of the sun, on the construction of, by John Gummere, ILI, 467. Elaphomyces cervinum, IV, 255. Elaphrus fuliginosus, IV, 417. — riparius, II, 80. —— ruscarius, IV, 417. Elephant, teeth of this animal found at Big Bone Lick, I, 376. Elim, fifth vocal sound, I, 254. Ell; in former times came as far as the Delaware, I, 345. Description of its cranium, I, 378. Elkhorn tract of Kentucky, I, 174. Opinion on its formation, I, 180. Ellicott, Andrew, Astronomical observations communicated by, I, 93. Observations on the lunar eclipse of Jan. 4, 1806, 93. On the eclipses of Jupiter’s satellites, 93. On the comet of 1807, made at Lan- caster, 94. Elvellacei, order of fungi, 1V. 169. English language, no attempt has yet succeeded to ascertain and fix its pronunciation, I, 231. Its principal characteristics are strength and rapidity, I, 241. Contains twenty-nine elementary sounds, I, 246. —— phonology, or an essay towards an analysis and description of the component sounds of the English lan- guage, I, 228. Enieridium cinereum, IV, 261. Entophyte, IV, 290. Epicoccum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 303. Epochnium monilioides, 1V, 275. Epomis tomentosus, I, 60. IV, 418. Erineum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 289. Erysiphe, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 269. Ethmoid bone, observations on those processes of it which originally form the sphenoidal sinuses, I, 371, Etymologies, of the Berber language, four letters on, by Wm. B. Hodgson, IV, 1. Eurotium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 285. Excipula, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 246. Exidia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 185. Exosporium, IV, 228 and 306. Expansion of iron and brass, experiments on, I, 210. AND FOURTH VOLUMES——NEW SERIES. 505 Experiments, on fuel, by M. Bull, IJ, 1. On the poison of the rattle-snake, by R. Harlan, III, 300 and 400. Pyrometric experiments made at Newark, N. Jersey, by F. R. Hassler, I, 210. Eye, peculiar structure of the crystalline lens, as connected with irradiation, IV, 345. Favolus, North American species of, LV, 152. Feronia adoxa, II, 46. — angustata, II, 36. 1V, 428. — atrimedia, I, 39. — autumnalis, Il, 48. — basilaris, 11, 85. IV, 428. — caudicalis, II, 56. — chalcites, II, 56. — cincticollis, II, 52. IV, 421. — constricta, IV, 426. — convexicollis, II, 50. IV, 424. — coracina, IV, 426. —— cupripennis, II, 50. — decentis, II, 53. IV, 421. —— decora, II,53. IV, 421. — deparca, IV, 426. — extensicollis, II, 54. IV, 421. — gregaria, Il, 47. — honesta, II, 51. — hypolithos, II, 59. —— impunctata, II, 45. IV, 428. —— impuncticollis, II, 86. IV, 428, —— interstitialis, 11,57. IV, 432. — limbata, IJ, 49. IV, 428. — lineola, Ul, 37. —— longicornis, II, 40. IV, 421. — lucublanda, II, 55. —— masta, II, 42. — musculis, II, 35. IV, 428. —— muta, Il, 44. —— nutans, II, 52. IV, 423. — obesa, II, 37. IV, 428. — oblongo-notata, IV, 424. —— obscura, IV, 424. ——. obsoleta, 11,57. IV, 423 and 424. —— ochropeza, II, 54. — octopunctata, II, 51. — pallipes, II, 38. —— parmata, II, 49. IV, 424. —— permunda, IV, 424. — placida, Il, 43. — punctiformis, II, 58. IV, 423. — recta, II, 58. IV, 421. — sigillata, I, 42. — stygica, Il, 41. — submarginata, II, 45. — tartarica, Il, 44. —— terminata, II, 48. IV, 432. —— ventralis, II, 46. — unicolor, II, 40. Vou. IV.—6 B 506 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Fibrillaria, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 288. Figure of the earth, investigation of, by R. Adrain, I, 119. Fishes, several N. American ones described by C. A. Le Sueur, I, 383. Fistulina, the N. American species, IV, 161. Forest, a submarine one in the eastern part of England, I, 179. Formula, Maskelyne’s, for calculating the parallax in latitude and longitude, I, 99. Fortifications, supposed, of the aborigines of North America, are nothing more than the traces of palisadoed towns and villages, I, 153. Fossil animal, description of a fragment of the head of a new one, found in N. Jersey, by I. Hays, III, 471. Description of a new genus and new species of extinct mammiferous quadruped, by J. D. Godman, 478. Description of a vertebra of a Saurian animal found in Louisiana, IV, 397. —— bones, found at Big Bone Lick, description of them, I, 375. Descriptions of the inferior maxillary bones of Mastodons, LV, 317. Netice of fossil bones found in the state of Louisiana, 397. Notice of the discovery of the remains of the Ichthyosaurus in Missouri, 405. —— gum or resin, II, 115. —— vegetables, in the coal strata, I, 265. May be conveniently arranged under four classes, 265. Fossils, very abundant in the great secondary formation of the United States, I, 19 and 193. Fractions, vanishing ; memoir on, by J. Mansfield, I, 200. Fringilla tristis, remarks on its change of plumage, III, 294. Fuel, experiments on, by M. Bull, 111, 1. Mode of ascertaining the value of a given quantity, 22. Experi- ments to determine the comparative loss of heat by the ordinary apparatus used for combustion, 40. Table exhibiting the results of the above, III, 63. Fungi, of North America, synopsis of, IV, 141. Conspectus of the system adopted, 143. Genera that are wanting, 144. New genera proposed, 144. List of those first discovered in N. America by L. D. Schweinitz, IV, 309. Fusarium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 302. Fusidium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 300. Fusing temperature of metals, an attempt to ascertain it, I, 167. Fusisporium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 275. Fusus fluvialis of Say, a new genus founded on it, IV, 122. Galena, large deposits of, at St Louis, I, 40. Galerita Americana, II, 15. Gasteromycetes, class of fungi, IV, 252. Geastrum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 255. Geest of the valley of the Ohio, II, 136. Geoglossum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 181. Geographical distribution, of plants, memoir on, III, 274. Division of the globe into botanical regions, III, 279. Examples of the range of North American plants delineated on a map, 283. Observations on the geographical distribution of land quadrupeds, 282. Geological sections of the United States, I, 90. Account of the valley of the Ohio, by Daniel Drake, II, 124. Geology, of the United States, observations on, by Wm. Maclure, 1,1. Of the North of Europe, 9. Regula- rity of the geological structure of North America, 10. Of the valley of the Ohio, by Daniel Drake, II, 124. Of the western part of the valley of the Mississippi, by E. P. James, 191. Georgia, geology of, nature of the soil, internal navigation, &c., I, 81. Gibson, John B., Observations on the Trap rocks of the Connewago hills near Middletown, and of the stony ridge near Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 11,156. His opinion that basalt or greenstone is originally always amorphous, and that it takes a determinate form only in a state of decomposition, II, 157. ' Gilmer, Francis William, memoir on the geological formation of the Natural Bridge of Virginia, I, 187. Glonium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 240. Glucina in Chrysoberyl, II, 119 and 121. Gneiss probably extends over half the primitive formation of the United States, I, 32. Godman, John D., description of a new genus and new species of extinct mammiferous quadruped, III, 478. Remarks on this genus, by I. Hays, IV, 317. AND FOURTH VOLUMES—NEW SERIES. 507 Gold, found in the primitive formation, I, 34. Fusing temperature of, 168. Goniosporium puccinoides, IV, 278. Gonytrichum caesium, IV, 175. Grammar of the language of the Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians, III, 65. The words to be pronounced according to the powers of the German alphabet, 89. An article in this Janguage, 98. Of nouns, 98. Ofnumbers, 100. Of adjectives, 103. Degrees of comparison, 104. Genders, 105. Of ou- merals, 106. Ordinal numbers, 108. Of the computation of time, 108. Names of the months, 109. Of pronouns, 109, Demonstrative and relative pronouns, 110, Of verbs, 111. First conjugation, 113. Second conjugation, 142. Third conjugation, 151. Fourth conjugation, 156. Fifth conju- gation,150. Sixth conjugation, 195. Seventh conjugation, 206. Eighth conjugation, 214. Irre- gular verbs, 223. Adjective verbs, 225. Adverbs, 233. Alphabetical list of them, 237, Adverbial verbs, 240. Prepositions, 245. Conjunctions, 247. Interjections, 247. Grammatical sketch and specimens of the Berber language, by Wm. B. Hodgson, IV, 1. Granite, detached masses lying on the secondary formation, I, 41 and 85. If, 133 and 137. Hypothesis respecting their transportation, 137. Heaps of these masses in certain situations, 137. Granitic ridge of the Rocky mountains, 195. Gravity in different latitudes, investigation of, by R. Adrain, I, 119. Augmentation of, in proceeding from the equator to the pole, is as the square of the sine of the latitude, 121. Grouse, general observations on these birds, with a synopsis of the species hitherto known, LIT, 383. Guepinia helvelloidea, IV, 184. Gulf stream, table of observations on it, by John Hamilton, II, 145. Impossible to define, with any degree of accuracy, ils precise limits, 146. After passing the tail of the Bank of Newfoundland, the main stream proceeds in a south east direction, 146. Its counter currents, 146. By the frequent use of the thermometer, the navigator may always discover when he touches upon it, 146. Directions for sailing in the Gulf stream, or its counter currents, 152. Irregular in ils courses and undefined in ils limits, which are considerably changed by the prevailing winds, 154. Gummere, John, memoir on the construction of eclipses of the sun, III, 467. Observations made at the time of the solar eclipse of Feb. 12, 1831, LV, 128. Gutturals, two in the English language, I, 260, Gymnomycetes, class of fungi, IV, 290. Gymnosporangium juniperi, LV, 307. Gyrinus Americanus, LU, 107. — analis, If, 108. IV, 447. —— emarginatus, If, 108. IV, 447. — limbatus, II, 109. — obtusus, 1V, 447. —— parcus, IV, 448. é Gypsum, in the United States, only found west of ‘a certain line, I, 21. None found in the primitive in this country, 33. Extensive beds in the secondary formation, 39. Its properties as a manure noticed, 55. Very abundant on the Canadian river, If, 213. Haddam, in Connecticut, Chrysoberyls found there, II, 116. Haliplus 12-punctatus, 11, 106. IV, 446. — triopsis, I, 106. Hamilton, John, tables of observations on the winds, the currents, the Gulf stream, the comparative temper- ature of the air and water, &c., made during twenty-six voyages to and from Europe, II, 140. The currents which prevail between the Bank of Newfoundland and Europe appear to be periodical, 144. Haplaria grisea, 1V, 289, Haplotrichum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 280. Harlan, Richard, \etter to N. M. Hentz on the physiology of the alligator, I, 226. Experiments made on the poison of the rattle-snake, in which the powers of the hieracium venosum, as a specific, were tested ; together with some anatomical observations on this animal, III, 300. General remarks on the same, 312. Further experiments on the poison of the rattle-snake, 400. Description of a new species of astacus, 464. Notice of an anatomical peculiarity observed in the structure of the condor of the 508 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Andes, 466. Description of a species of orang from the North Eastern province of British East India, lately the kingdom of Assam, IV, 52. Notice of fossil bones found in the tertiary formation of the state of Louisiana, [V, 397. Notice of the discovery of the remains of the Ichthyosaurus in Mis- souri, IV, 405. Harpalus agricolus, 11, 33. IV, 481. —— amputatus, IV, 432. —— Baltimoriensis, 11, 33. I[V, 431. — bicolor, II, 26. —— cenus, II, 34. IV, 431. — caliginosus, II, 26. IV, 431. —— carbonarius, Il, 32. IV, 432. —— eraticus, II, 27. —— faunus, II, 28. —— herbivagus, II, 29. —— hylacis, If, 31. —— iricolor, IV, 432. —— iripennis, II, 30, —— Mexicanus, IV, 432, ocreatus, IV, 433, —— Pennsylvanicus, II, 28. —— rusticus, II, 32. IV, 431. —— similis, I, 29. —— terminatus, IV, 432. — viridis, II, 31. IV, 432. — vulpeculus, II, 30. IV, 432. Hassler, F. R., an account of pyrometric experiments, made at Newark, N. Jersey, I, 210. Note on the pre- ceding memoir by Dr Patterson, I, 227. Papers on various subjects connected with the survey of the coast of the United States, IJ, 282. Circular letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, 232. Letter to Mr Gallatin, 234. Plan for putting into operation the said survey, 241. Catalogue of the instruments and books collected for the purpose, 246. Comparison of the French and English standard measures of length, and regulation of the bars for the base line apparatus, 250. De- scription of the apparatus for measuring base lines, 278. Description of the two feet theo- dolite, 287. Methods of observing with the two feet theodolite, 294. On the signals and system of wires in the telescope, 308. Additions made to the repeating circle with two teles- copes, 315. On some adjustments of the repeating circle, 320. Methods of observing a series of vertical angles with the repeating circle, 322. Peculiar method of observing time with the repeating circle, 326. Description of the repeating theodolite of one foot diameter, 328. Method of observing horizontal angles with the repeating theodolite, 336. Method of observing vertical angles with the repeating theodolite, 838: Description of the repeating circle of reflection, 341. Method of observing with the repeating reflecting circle, 345. Description of the plane table, and the alhidade to the same, 348. Description of magnetic needles, 354. Peculiarities of the five feet transit instruments destined for the observatories, 357. On the astronomical clocks intended for the observatories, 359. Plan of an observatory proposed to be built at Washington, 365. Promiscuous remarks upon the principles of construction, the choice and trial of instruments, 371. On the me- chanical organization of a large survey, and the particular application to the survey of the coast, 385. Exemplars of the day-book and journal of results, 409. Results of the observation of the solar eclipse of February 12, 1831, made at the city of Washington, IV, 131. Hays, Isaac, description of a fragment of the head of a new fossil animal, discovered in a marl pit, near Moores- town, New Jersey, III, 471. Descriptions of the inferior maxillary bones of mastodons in the cabinet of the American Philosophical Society, with remarks on the genus Tetracaulodon, IV, 317. Dentition of these animals, 328. Four new species indicated, 334. Heart of the alligator, anatomical observations on its structure, II, 216. Heat, as evolved by the combustion of the principal varieties of wood and coal used in the United States, expe- riments on, III, 1. Observations on its diminution during the solar eclipse of February 12, 1831, IV, 133; and on the power of the lens to produce combustion during the same period, 139, AND FOURTH VOLUMES—NEW SERIES. 509 Heckewelder, Rev. John, names given by the Lenni Lenape, or Delaware Indians to rivers, streams, places, &e., in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia ; also, names of chieftains, with the sig- nifications and biographical sketches, &c., IV, 351. Helicomyces roseus, 1V, 287. Helicosporium vegetum, IV, 280. Helicotrichum pulvinatum, IV, 276. Helix Carolinensis, IV, 108. Helminthosporium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 279. Helotium umbonatum, IV, 184. Helvella, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 170. Hentz, N. M., observations on the anatomy and physiology of the alligator of North America, II, 216. De- scriptions of eleven new species of North American insects, III, 253. Remarks on the use of the maxille in coleopterous insects, with an account of two species of the family Telephoride, and of three of the family Mordellide, which ought to be the type of two distinct genera, 458, Herbarium of Mublenburg, presented to the society, I, 453. Hericium, IV, 180. Hieracium venosum, its powers as a specific for the bite of the rattle-snake tested, IIf, 300. Further experi- ments, 400. Hilobates hoolock, IV, 52. Himantia, synopsis of N. American species, 1V, 288. Historical and literary committee, report of, 1, xi. Literary notices published by, I, xii. Historical notices, on the settlement of the country on the river Delaware by the Swedes, I, 340. Hodgson, William B., grammatical sketch and specimens of the Berber language ; preceded by four lette: on Berber etymologies, addressed to the president of the society, 1V, 1. Hypothesis that the Berber is the original language of all North Africa, including the Egypts and Abyssinia, 25. Plan of the town of Eghwaat, IV, 29. Remarks upon the Tuarycks, 81. Holm, Thomas Campanius, his account of New Sweden noticed, I, 341. Hour of the day, how to find by a new instrument, I, 338. Of the night, may be found by the same, the right ascensions of the moon, or of any other planet or fixed star being given, together with that of the sun, 339. Hudson, only river in U. States in which the tide passes through the alluvial, primitive, transition, and into the secondary, I, 67. Human bones, found on the coast of Brazil, account of them, III, 285. Hydnum, synopsis of N. American species, 1V, 161. Hydraulic lime, used in constructing the Erie canal, analysis of it, by H. Seybert, II, 229. Hydrocanthari and Carabici, descriptions of North American species, II, 1. Hydrocanthus iricolor, U1, 105. —— atripennis, IV, 447. Hydroporus affinis, U1, 104. — bifidus, IV, 444. —— catascopium, II, 103. —— discicollis, IV, 446, —— interruptus, IV, 445. — lacustris, II, 103. —— niger, II, 102. — nudatus, IV, 444. — oppositus, II, 102. | —— sericatus, IV, 445, — undulatus, II, 102. Hygrometer, of Saussure, observations made with it at Washington city, II, 436. Observations made with the hygrometer, during the eclipse of Feb. 12, 1831, 1V, 134. Hymenella, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 187. Hymenomycetes, class of fungi, IV, 145. Hyphelia, synopsis of N. American species, LV, 262. Vou. IV.—6 C 510 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Hyphomycetes, class of fungi, IV, 271. Hyphidrus punctatus, 1V, 444. Hypodermium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 297. Hyria, observations on this genus, IV, 67. Hysterium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 243. Ice, fields of, have probably transported from northern regions the large blocks of granite which are scattered over the basin of the Ohio, II, 137. Ichthyosaurus, discovery of the remains of this animal in Missouri, IV, 405. Iilosporium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 265. Indian chiefs, names of, with biographical sketches, by Rev. John Heckewelder, IV, 383, &e. —— fort, in the neighbourhood of Lexington, Kentucky, description of, I, 310. —— languages, a remarkable character which pervades all of them, from Greenland to Cape Horn, III, 76. Are rich in words and regular in their forms, and do not yield in those respects to any other idiom, 77. Multitude of ideas combined with the verb in these languages, 84. Also with the other parts of speech, 84. Have no declensions properly so called, 98. —— names of rivers, places, &c., in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland and Virginia, IV, 351, &e. — tumuli, I, 151. Indians, kind treatment of them by the Swedish settlers on the Delaware, I, 347. Insects, of North America, several described, I, 401. II, 1. III, 253 and 460. IV, 409. Institale ? maximum, IV, 263. Instrument, for setting up sun-dials, and for many other useful purposes, I, 333. Instruments, collected for the survey of the coast of the United States. See Hassler. To fusiformis, IV, 122. Tron, limestone and manures support the greatest part of the expense of canals, even in England, 1,73. Fusing temperature of, 167. Experiments to determine the expansion of four iron bars, and the difference between their expansion and that of brass, I, 210. Note on the same subject, 227. Irpex, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 163. Irradiation, memoir on, by Benjamin F. Joslin, 1V, 340. General law respecting, 344. Peculiar structure in the crystalline lens, 345. General conclusions, 346. Astronomical applications, 347 and 348, Isaria, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 304. James, E. P., catalogue of plants collected during a journey to and from the Rocky mountains, during the summer of 1820, II, 172. Remarks on the sandstone and flcetz trap formations of the western part of the valley of the Mississippi, 191. Jones, William, memoir on leaden cartridges, I, 137. Farther communication on the same, I, 141. Joslin, Benjamin F., memoir on irradiation, 1V, 340. Law respecting irradiation, 344. General conclusions, 345, Jupiter’s satellites, eclipses of, I, 93. Kabyles of Africa, on their language, manners and customs, II, 446. Grammatical sketch of the Berber lan- guage, as spoken by this people, IV, 1. Kentucky, observations and conjectures on the formation and nature of its soil, I, 174. King crab, description of this animal by an early Swedish writer, I, 345. Kyllingia leucocephala, II, 170. rigida, 169. —— squarrosa, 169. —— tenuis, 168. ' Labials, three in the English language, I, 259. Labio-dentals, two in the English language, I, 260. Labrella, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 249. Laccophilus maculosus, 11,100. IV, 444. —— prozimus, II, 101. AND FOURTH VOLUMES-——NEW SERIES. 511 Lachnobolus cinereus, 1V, 262. Lagopus, 111, 383 and 392. Lambert, William, abstract of calculations to ascertain the longitude of the capitol, in Washington city, I, 108. Lampreys of North America described, I, 383. Language, English, an essay towards an analysis and description of the component sounds of, I, 228. Oral language subject to change,I, 233. No analogy in nature between written signs and words spoken, any more than between words and ideas, I, 233, Written language of China, 235. Of the Berbers of Africa, memoir on, II, 438. Analogous in one respect to that of the Cherokees, 443. The grammatical forms of a language are the work of nature, and not of civilization or its arts, the com- mon opinion to the contrary notwithstanding, III, 249. Of the Berbers, grammatical sketch and specimens of it, LV, 1. Lathrobium armatum, IV, 453. — bicolor, IV, 454. —— cinctum, IV, 454. — confluentum, IV, 456. —— dimidiatum, IV, 455. — millepunctatum, IV, 456. —— similipenne, IV, 453. —- sphericolle, IV, 455. Latitude, Maskelyne’s formula for calculating the parallax in, I, 99. To find, by a new instrument, the meri- dian and declination being given, I, 339. Lead, in the transition formation, noticed, 1,37. Large deposits of the ore at St Louis, 40. Fusing temper- ature of, I, 169. Red lead used in a new methed of bleaching, I, 318. Lea, Isaac, description of six new species of the genus Unio, embracing the anatomy of the oviduct of one of them, together with some anatomical observations on the genus, III, 259. Description of a new genus of the Naiades, and also of eleven new species of Unio, from the rivers of the United States ; with observations on some of the characters of the Naiades, 403. Observations on the Naiades, with descriptions of new species of that and other families, IV, 63. Supplement to the foregoing memoir, 105. Description of a new genus of the family Melaniana of Lamarck, 122. Leaden cartridges, memoir on, by William Jones, 1,137. Letter from the Secretary of War respecting the same, 144. Leangium, synopsis of N, American species, LV, 258. Lebia atriventris, II, 18. — borea, III, 255. — fuscata, Dej., IV, 414. — grandis, UI, 255. —— ornata, IJ, 13. IV, 4138. —— platicollis, 11,14. IV, 413. —— solea, III, 256. — tricolor, II, 11. — viridis, II, 14. IV, 414. — vittata, II, 12. Lemalis, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 184. Lenni Lenape, or Delaware Indians, grammar of their language, III, 65. Names of rivers, &c., in Pennsy! vania, New Jersey, Maryland and Virginia, &c., IV, 351. Lentinus, North American species of, [V, 152. Leotia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 170. Leptostroma, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 250. Le Sueur, C. A., description of several species of chondropterigious fishes of North America, with their varie- ties, I, 383. Lexington, Kentucky, Indian fort in the neighbourhood of, I, 310. Lewis and Clarke, fossil bones observed by them on the Yellowstone river, IV, 408. Library of the American Philosophical Society, donations to, I, 436. II, 481. III, 489. IV, 471. Licea, synopsis of N. American species, LV, 258. 512 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Lichenopsis, a new genus of fungi, 1V, 308. Light, diminution of, produced by the eclipse of February 12, 1831, IV, 133. Lime, hydraulic, used in constructing the Erie canal, analysis of it, by H. Seybert, II, 229. Limestone, no secondary found south-east of the Hinntive in the U. States, I, 11. Foundation of most of the level countries, 14, An extensive and regular formation of, in Europe, described, 15. Beds of pri- mitive limestone, noticed, 22 and 30. Limestone of the transition formation, noticed, 36. Of se- condary formation, noticed, 39. Its easy solution and facility of decomposition, considered as affecting soils, 46. With iron and manures probably supports the greatest part of the expense of canals, even in England, 73. Its absence in the western part of the valley of the Mississippi, II, 213. Linguals, four in the English language, I, 261. Linguo-dentals, four in the English language, I, 261. Linguo-palatals, three in the English language, I, 261. Lithocarpi, I, 265. Lithophylli, 1, 265. Lithoxylon, I, 265. Longitude, Maskelyne’s formula for calculating the parallax in, I, 99. Of the capitol in Washington city, 103. Lophium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 240. Louisiana, fossil bones found in, 1V, 397. Some geological observations on this state, 398. LIycogala, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 256. Lycoperdon, synopsis of N. American species, 1V, 256. Maclure, William, Observations on the geology of the United States of North America; with remarks on the probable effects that may be produced by the decomposition of the different classes of rocks on the nature and fertility of soils; applied to the different states of the union, agreeably to an accom- panying geological map, I, 1. General remarks on the method of pursuing geological researches, 8. Observations on the different chains of European mountains compared with those of the United States, 8. Explanation of the geological map, 19. Inquiry into the probable effects the decompo- sition of rocks may produce on the nature and fertility of soils, 43, The same, considered in refer- ence to the accompanying geological map, 62. Explanation of the geological sections, 90. Macrosiagon, a new genus of insects, of the family Mordellone, III, 462. Macrosporium, IV, 275. Magellanic premium regulations, I, viii. Magnetic iron ore, beds of, at Franconia, &c., I, 22 and 34. Wrought to advantage in northern part of New Jersey, 71. Magnetic needle, its variation may be found by a new instrument, I, 339. Description of those intended to be employed in the survey of the coast, IT, 354. Mammoth. See Mastodon. Manganese, found in the primitive formation, I, 34. Observations on it as applied to bleaching, 317. Mansfield, Jared, memoir on vanishing fractions, I, 201. Manticora, IV, 309. Manures, iron and limestone support the greatest part of the expense of canals, even in England, I, 73. Marl, found in New Jersey, I, 24. One of the best depositions for making a good soil, 58. Maryland, geology of, nature of the soil, internal navigation, &c., I, 75. Indian names of rivers, creeks, &c. IV, 377. Maskelyne’s formula for calculating the parallax in latitude and longitude, I, 99. Mastodon, teeth of this animal found at Big Bone Lick, I, 376. Descriptions of the inferior maxillary bones of these animals, IV, 317. Dentition of, 328. Species of, 3832. New species indicated, 334. Mazille, on the use of, in coleopterous insects, III, 458. . Measures of length, comparison of the French and English standard, II, 250. Megacephala Carolina, IV, 410. Meigs, C. D., account of some human bones found on the coast of Brazil, III, 285. Melanconium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 297. Melania acuta, IV, 101. —— elongata, IV, 120. AND FOURTH VOLUMES—NEW SERIES, 513 Melania subularis, IV, 100. — tubercularis, 1V, 101. Melano- Getulians of Ptolemy, identical with the Wadreagans and Wurgelans of Africa, IV, 28. Melolontha porcina, Ill, 256. —— variolosa, III, 256. Members of the American Philosophical Society, list of them, I, vi. Ul, vi. Ul,v. IV, Menispora glauca, IV, 175. Meridian, the latitude of the place and time being given, how to find by a new instrument, I, 389. Also, the declination of the moon, or of any other planet or fixed star, together with the latitude of the place being given, 339. Meridian line, to draw a true one on any plane level surface, by means of a new instrument, I, 837. Merulius, synopsis of the N. American species, IV, 160. Metallic substances found in the primitive formation of the United States, 1, 84. Jn the transition formation, 87. In the secondary, 40. Metals, an attempt to ascertain the fusing temperature of, 1,167. Inquiry into the causes why they appear to be specifically lighter when in a solid state than in a state of fusion, 170. Meteorological observations, made during the eclipse of Feb. 12, 1831, by A. D. Bache, IV, 132. Meteorological tables, made on the North Atlantic ocean, II, 140. At the city of Washington, 421. Mexican antiquities presented to the American Philosophical Society, list of them, III, 510. Minerals, in the primitive formation of the United States, I, 83. Mississippi, territory of, geology, nature of the soil, climate, internal navigation, &c.,1,83. Basin of, geology, nature of the soil, internal navigation, &c., 85 and 175. Remarks on the sand-stone and fletz trap formations of its western part, by E. P. James, II, 191. Missouri, territory of, geology, nature of the soil, &c., 1, 86. Fossil bone found in, IV, 405 and 408. Mitremyces, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 255. Mitrula, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 181. Molops, 1V, 427. Monilia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 286. Monograph of the North American insects of the genus Cicindela, I, 401. Moon, eclipse of, January 4, 1806, 1,93. Singular appearance of it during the solar eclipse of February 12, 1832, IV, 131. Moose, description of its cranium, I, 378. Morchella, synopsis of N, American species, IV, 169. Mordellide, a new genus of, III, 458. Morio Georgia, Il, 25. Mortality of the city and liberties of Philadelphia, from 1809 to 1816, with a statement of the diseases, ages, &c., being an abstract and the results of eight annual statements, published by the board of health, I, 480. Appendix to the above, for the year 1817—18, 453. Motion of solids on surfaces, in the two hypotheses of perfect sliding and perfect rolling, with a particular examination of their small oscillatory motions, memoir on, by Henry James Anderson, III, 315. Moulting of birds, observations on, III, 292. Mounds, an extensive one near St Louis, I, 154. List of the most considerable ones on the Mississippi and Ohio, 155. Mountains of Europe compared with those of N. America, I, 17. Pyrenees, Carpathian, &c., modify climate by shutting out northerly winds, 67. The Stony mountains are covered at their summits with per- petual snows and glaciers, 86. Tables of the altitudes of mountains in New York, New Hampshire and Vermont, by A. Partridge, 147. Geological observations on the Rocky mountains of North America, by E. P. James, II, 191. Mozabis of Africa, on their language, manners and customs, II, 449, &e. Further observations, IV, 22. Mucor, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 285. Muhlenberg, Rev. H., his herbarium presented to the society, I, 452. Muriatic acid, distilled over red lead in a new method of bleaching, IJ, 318. Mycogone, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 275. Myriococcum precor, IV, 253. Vou. IV.—6 D 514 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Myrothecium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 263 Myxosporium croceum, IV, 300. Myxotrichum chartarum, IV, 276. Naematelia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 186. NVaiades, observations on this family of shells, by P. H. Nicklin, III, 395. A new genus proposed, with ob- servations on some of the characters of the family, 403. Observations on this family, with descrip- tions of new species, IV, 63. On the teeth in this family, considered as a generic character, 67. Nasal sounds, I, 256. Natural bridge of Virginia, on its geological formation, by F. W. Gilmer, I, 187. WNebria pallipes, Il, 78. Nemognatha nemorensis, II, 258. New England, geology, nature of the soil, &c., 1,64. Sea coast abounds in good harbours, 65. Internal navigation exceedingly bad, 65. New Jersey, geology of, nature of the soil, &c., I, 70. Indian names of rivers, places, &c., IV, 375. New York state, geology, nature of the soil, internal navigation, &c., I, 67. Nicklin, Philip Houlbrooke, observations on Lamarck’s family of the Naiades, III, 395. Nidularia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 252. North Carolina, geology of, nature of the soil, internal navigation, &c., I, 78. Noterus bicolor, IV, 446. Nothiophilus porrectus, IV, 418. — semisiriatus, II, 81. IV, 417. Nuity, Zugenius, investigation of a theorem proposed by Dr Rittenhouse, respecting the summation of the several powers of the sines; with its application to the problem of a pendulum vibrating in circular ares, I, 396. Solution of a general case of the simple pendulum, II, 466. Nuttall, Thomas, description of a new species of Sarracenia, IV, 49. Obituary Notices, I, xviii. Il, ix. III, vii. IV, Observatory, ordinance of the city councils, granting the use of the centre engine house to the American Phi- losophical Society, I, xvi. Two, necessary for carrying into effect the proposed plan of a survey of the United States, II, 241. Peculiarities of the five feet transit instruments destined for them, 357. Astronomical clocks intended for them, 359. Plan of one proposed to be built at Washington, 365. Ochre, found abundantly in the alluvial formation, I, 25. Odacantha Pennsylvanica, II, 16. dorsalis, 11,17. IV, 412. Oedemium atrum, IV, 278. Officers, of the society, for 1818, I, v. For 1825, II, v. For 1830, lil, iv. For 1834, IV, Ohio river, geological account of its valley, by Daniel Drake, 124. Has a channel below the bottom of the alluvial deposits, to which it is confined when not swelled by rains, 128. Hypothesis to account for the great elevation of its older alluvial banks, 129. Its southern tributaries flow in deeper channels than the northern, 130. In its old alluvial formation, the only aquatic animal remains which were discovered were the shells of a species of Mya, which does not seem to exist in the river at present, 130. Valleys of this quarter probably not the work of causes which have acted regularly and unre- mnittingly ever since the recession of the sea, 131. Indian name of, IV, 352 and 367. Oidium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 285. Olisthopus cinctus, IV, 424. —— parmatus, IV, 424. Omophron labiatum, II, 79. Onygena, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 263. Oodes? parallelus, IV, 420. Oomin, seventh vocal sound, I, 256. Ophonus insterstitialis, 1V, 482. Optical illusions, IV, 347, &e. Orang, description of a species from the north eastern province of British East India, IV, 52. AND FOURTH VOLUMES—NEW SERIES. 515 Ord, George, some observations on the moulting of birds, III, 292. Oreb, sixth vocal sound, I, 255. Ores of different metals, found in the primitive formation of the United States, 1,34. In the transition, 37. Tn the secondary, 40. Organic remains in the sandstones of the Upper Platte and Arkansaw, II, 195, &e. Organic sounds, I, 246 and 259. Orthography of the English language, no innovation needed in, I, 236. However, mutations have, and will again take place, 287. An essay for a uniform one for the Indian languages, noticed, III, 90. Oscillatory motion, observations on, III, 315. Ostracoderma spadiceum, 1V, 262. Ostropa, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 227. Ouachita river, fossil bones found on, IV, 397. Oxyporus stygicus, IV, 459. Oxytelus rugulosus, IV, 460. — sculptus, IV, 460. Ozonium, synopsis of N. American species, [V, 287. Pachyma cocos, IV, 264. Paederus cinctus, IV, 457. —— discopunctatus, IV, 457. Paine, Robert Treat, observations of the eclipse of the sun of Feb. 12, 1831, made at Cape Malabar Light- house, IV, 130. Palladium, a new process for separating this metal and rhodium from platinum, I, 161. Panageus crucigerus, II, 69. — fasciatus, 70. Pangus caliginosus, IV, 431. Partridge, A., tables of the altitudes of mountains in the states of New York, New Hampshire and Vermont, I, 147, Pasimachus subsulcatus, Il, 19. —— depressus, II, 19: Patellaria, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 236. Patrobus longicornis, 1V, 421. Patterson, Robert, note on Mr Hassler’s memoir respecting the expansion of iron, I, 227, Description and use of a simple appendage to the reflecting sector, by which it is rendered capable of measuring all possible altitudes on land, by reflection from an artificial horizon, 325. Description and use of a very simple instrument for setting up sun-dials, and for many other useful purposes, 333. Solution of several problems by the above apparatus, 336. Error in the above solutions, arising from the refraction of the sun, &c., how to allow for it, 339. Memoir on an improvement in the common ship-pump, I, 367. Description and rationale of a simple apparatus, which may serve as a substi- tute for the ship-pump, and which will require no manual labour whatever, [,427. Obituary notice of him, II, ix. Patterson, R. M., observations on the solar eclipse of Feb. 12, 1831, made at the University of Virginia, IV, 132. Pelor avidus, IV, 428. Pendulum, observed lengths of in different latitudes, 1,120. Vibrating in circular arcs, application of a theorem to, 395. Solution of a general case of the simple pendulum, II, 467. Penicillum, synopsis of N, American species, IV, 282. Pennsylvania, geology of, nature of the soil, internal navigation, &c., 1, 71. Indian names of rivers, places, &c., IV, 355, Percus, II, 40. Perichena, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 258. Periconia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 304. Periola pubescens, IV, 265. Perisporium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 270. Petersburg, St, its climate compared with that of Washington, II, 433. 516 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Petromyzon Americanus, I, 383. Q — nigricans, I, 385. Peziza, synopsis of American species, 1V, 170. Phacidium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 242. Phailus, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 4 Philadelphia, mortality of, for eight years, 1809—16, with a statement of the diseases, ages, &c., I, 430. Ap- pendix to the above table for the year 1817—18, 458. Observations, made at an early period, on the climate of the country on the river Delaware, I, 340. Indian name of, IV, 355. Philology, observations on its present state, IIT, 69. Phlebia, synopsis of N. American species, 1V, 165. = Phlebomorphia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 288. Phoma, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 248. Phonology, English, I, 288. Photometer, observations made with it during the eclipse of Feb. 12, 1831, IV, 133. Phragmidium hedysari, 1V, 297. Phyllopta, N. American species of, IV, 187. Physarum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 257. Physick, Dr, his practice of employing position to empty blood vessels for surgical purposes, I, 300. Phytolithus cancellatus, 1, 280. — Dawsoni, I, 2938. —— Martini, I, 291. — notatus, I, 294. —— parmatus, I, 286. —- reticulatus, I, 291. — sulcatus, I, 277. —— tesselatus, I, 295. — transversus, I, 293. — verrucosus, I, 268. Pickering, C., memoir on the geographical distribution of plants, III, 274. Pileati, order of fungi, [V, 145. Pilobolus, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 254. Pinophilus latipes, 1V, 456. Pistillaria, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 184. Piston for steam engines, an improved one described, I, 313. Pittsburgh, Indian name of, IV, 367. Pittocarpium flavum, IV, 261. Plane table for the survey of the coast, and the alhidade to the same, II, 348. Plants, collected during a journey to and from the Rocky mountains, during the summer of 1820, catalogue of them, II, 172. Geographical distribution of, III, 274. Platinum, some experiments on, and a new process for separating palladium and rhodium from that metal, I. 161. Fusing temperature of, 169. Platysma, IV, 425. Plumbago, beds of it, noticed, I, 34. Podisoma, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 307. Podosporium, a new genus of fungi, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 278. Poecilus, U1, 55 and 56. IV, 421. Pogonus rectus, 1V, 421. _ Poison of the rattle-snake, experiments made on it, III, 300. Further experiments on the same subject, 400. Polyactis, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 282. Polyangium vitellinum, IV, 253. Polyporus, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 154. Polythrincium trifolii, 1V, 278. Population and tumuli of the aborigines of North America, I, 151. Porotheleum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 160. AND FOURTH VOLUMES—NEW SERIES. 517 Primitive formation prevails east of the Hudson, and constitutes the highest mountains, I, 21. South of the Delaware the first rock after the alluvial, 21. Description of, 25. Not favourable to the forming of soil fit for vegetation, 49. Problem in arithmetic, an easy solution of one, by James Austin, I, 181. To find the angular altitude or de- pression of any visible object, 3837. To draw a true meridian line, on any plane level surface, 337. To find the azimuth or bearing of any visible object, 888. To find the hour of the day, 338. Re- lating to the figure of the earth, to find a sphere agreeing with the spheroid in as many important circumstances as possible, 354, 356, 357, 359, 361, 362 and 364. Of a pendulum vibrating in cir- cular ares, theorem applied to, 395. Pronunciation, of the English language, no attempt yet made has succeeded in ascertaining and fixing it, I, 231. Reasons given for the failure, 231. Of words, does not constantly remain the same, 233. Prosthemium betulignum, IV, 249. Pterostichus, U1, 41, 42, 43, 47 and 59. Pterula plumosa, IV, 183. Puccinia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 295. Pumice stone, substance resembling, which floats down the Missouri, found in detached masses in the vicinity of trap rocks about the base of the Rocky mountains, II, 212. Pyrenium, synopsis of American species, IV, 187 and 266, Pyrenomycetes, class of Fungi, 1V, 188. Pyrochroa? elegans, U1, 257. — infumata, III, 257, Pyrometer of Wedgewood, several objections to, I, 167. Pyrometric experiments, made at Newark, New Jersey, by F. R. Hassler, I, 210. Quadruped, extinct, description of a new genus and new species of, III, 478. Quadrupeds, observations on their geographical distribution, III, 282. Racodium cellare, 1V, 275. Radulum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 164. Rattle-snake, experiments on its poison, together with anatomical observations, III, 300. Further experi- ments, 400. Records of the Swedish colony on the river Delaware, extracts from, I, 340. Reed-bird, remarks on its change of plumage, III, 294. Red lands, which cross Virginia, noticed, I, 63. Red lead, employed in a new method of bleaching, I, 318. Red sandstone formation, described, I, 28. Found in the vicinity of the Rocky mountains, II, 204. Reflecting sector, description and use of a simple appendage to it, by which it is rendered capable of measuring all altitudes on land, by reflection from an artificial horizon, I, 325. Renwick, James, observations on the solar eclipse of Feb. 12, 1831, made at Columbia College, New York, TV, 130. Repeating circle, for the survey of the coast, additions made to, II, 315. On some adjustments of, 320. Me- thods of observing a series of vertical angles with it, 322. Peculiar method of observing time with it, 326. Repeating circle of reflection, for the survey of the coast, description of, II, 341. Method of observing with it, 345. Repeating theodolite, of one foot diameter, for the survey of the coast, description of, II, 328. Method of observing horizontal angles with it, 336. Method of observing vertical angles with it, 338. Report of the historical and literary committee, I, xi. Of the committee on the memoir on leaden cartridges, I, 143. Of the committee on astronomical observations, containing observations made in different parts of the United States on the solar eclipse of Feb. 12, 1831, IV, 125. Resin, distilled from retinasphalt, II, 113. Respiration, in a case of disease, performed by one side of the thorax, I, 381. Reticularia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 262. Retinasphalt, discovered at Cape Sable, Magothy river, Maryland, description and chemical analysis of it, II, 110. Is apparently a fossil gum or resin, II, 115. Vou. IV.—6 E 518 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Rhipiphorus dimidiatus, limbatus, and tristis, III, 462. Rhizina undulata, IV, 170. Rhizopogon, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 252. Rhizoctonia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 264. Rhodium, a new process for separating this metal and palladium from platinum, I, 161. Rhytisma, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 241. Rizht ascension, of the moon, or of any other planet or fixed star being given, to find the meridian, [, 329. Rio, Andres del, memoir on silver ores reduced by the method of Becquerel, IV, 60. River navigation of the primitive and transition formations, its character, I, 72. Of the secondary formation, its character, 57. Roberts, Joseph, observations made at Friends’ observatory, during the solar eclipse of Feb. 12, 1831. Rocks, their different modes of decomposing, I, 43, Rolling draw-gate, description of one, as applied to water mills, I, 307. Rugilus dentatus, 1V, 457. Sacidium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 251. Salt, only found westward of a certain line, I, 21. Extensive beds of, noticed, 41. Masses, found west of the Mississippi, II, 213. Licks, springs, and saline efflorescences abundant near the Rocky mountains, II, 214. Extensive repositories probably exist on the Arkansaw and Red river, II, 214. Sand-stone, old red, its limits, &c., in the United States, I, 28. And fletz trap of the western part of the valley of the Mississippi, II, 191. Red sand-stone, similar to that of the eastern part of New York, very abundant in the vicinity of the Rocky mountains, 204, The same not seen in the eastern part of the valley of the Mississippi, 204. Sarcopodium circinnatum, LV, 308. Sarea, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 178. Sarracenia calceolata, 1V, 49. Saurodon, a new genus of fossil animals, III, 476. — lanciformis, III, 476. — Leanus, Ill, 477. Say, Thomas, a monograph of N. American insects of the genus Cicindela, I, 401. Descriptions of insects of the families Carabici and Hydrocanthari of Latreille, inhabiting North America, II, 1. Descriptions of new North American insects, and observations on some already described, LV, 409. Scarites subterraneus, II, 18, Schizoderma, IV, 297. Schizophyllum, the N. American species, IV, 154. Schizorylon, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 249. Schweinitz, L. D., synopsis fungorum in America Boreali media degentium, IV, 141. List of the species first discovered in America by him, IV, 309. Scleroderma, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 255. Sclerotium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 266. Scolicotrichum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 276. Scorias spongiosa, 1V, 305. Secondary formation, great extent of, in the United States, I, 14. Description of, 388. Has many properties favourable to the growth of vegetables, 54. An easy river navigation one of the most valuable ad- vantages attached to this class of rocks, 57. Sector, reflecting, a simple appendage to it, by which it is rendered capable of measuring all altitudes on land, 1, 326. Seiridium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 306. _ Sellers, Nathan, description of a rolling draw-gate, as applied to watermills, I, 307. Sepedonium mycophilum, IV, 275. Septaria, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 297. Serra, J. Correa de, observations and conjectures on the formation and nature of the soil of Kentucky, I, 174. Seybert, Henry, analyses of the chrysoberyls from Haddam and Brazil, Il, 116. Analysis of the hydraulic lime used in constructing the Erie canal, 229. Shaler, William, letters on the language, manners and customs of the Berbers, or Brebers of Africa, II, 438. AND FOURTH YVOLUMES—NEW SERIES. 519 Ship-pump, an improvement in, I, 367. A substitute for, which will require no manual labour, 427. Short, C. W., description of an Indian fort in the neighbourhood of Lexington, Kentucky, I, 310. Silver, fusing temperature of, J, 169. Ores reduced by the method of Becquerel, 1V, 60. Simia Hoolock, 1V, 52. Sines, investigation of a theorem respecting the summation of the several powers of, I, 395. Sistotrema, synopsis of N. American species, LV, 163. Solenia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 180. Snow, fall of, on the Delaware, on the 10th of October, I, 350. Soils, how influenced by the decomposition of rocks, I, 43 and 177. Observations and conjectures on its for- mation and nature in Kentucky, 174. Conclusions respecting the same, 180. South Carolina, geology of, nature of the soil, internal navigation, &c., I, 79. Sparassis, synopsis of N. American species, LV, 180. Spathulea flavida, IV, 181. Specifics, reputed, for the bite of the rattle-snake, III, 300, &. The Hieracium venosum tested, 300. Spermodermium rufum, IV, 269. Spermoedia clavus, 1V, 269. Sphaeria, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 188. Sphaeronema, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 247. Sphaerobolus, synopsis of N. American species, [V, 254. Sphaerosporium, a new genus of Fungi, IV, 803. Sphenoidal sinuses, observations on, I, 371. Spheracra, a new genus of insects, IV, 412. Sphere, to find one agreeing with the terrestrial spheroid in as many important circumstances as possible, I, 353. Its radius, and the length of a degree of a great circle, 366. Spilocaea, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 297. Spondylocladium fumosum, IV, 284. Sporidesmium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 306. Sporophleum gramineum, IV, 278. Sporotrichum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 271. Spumaria, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 261. Stachylidium, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 283. Staphylinus apicialis, 1V, 451. — ater, IV, 452. — blandus, 1V, 449. — connexus, IV, 448. —— cyanipennis, IV, 451. — dimidiatus, IV, 450. —— ephippiatus, IV, 448. —— inversus, IV, 449. — iracundus, IV, 449. — tachiniformis, 1V, 450. — umbratilis, IV, 451. — viduatus, IV, 451. — violaceus, IV, 451. Stars, phenomena explained by irradiation, 1V, 347, &c. Steam engine, an improved piston described, I, 310. Steatomatous tumour, a large one successfully extirpated, I, 298. Steinhauer, Rev. Henry, memoir on the fossil vegetables of the coal strata, I, 265. Stemonitis, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 260. Stenolophus cinctus, IV, 434. Stenus colon, lV, 458. — femoratus, IV, 459. — geniculatus, IV, 458. — quadripunctatus, IV, 459. — stygicus, IV, 458. 520 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Steropus, IV, 424. Stictis, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 179. Stilbospora, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 299. Stilbum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 284. Stomis granulatus, IV, 427. Stratification, regularity of, in North America, I, 10. East of New York runs nearly north and south ; to the southward and westward it runs nearly north east and south west; and in both instances dips to the east, 21. Horizontal in the secondary formation, 38 and 175. Submarine forest in the eastern part of England, I, 179. Summation of the several powers of the sines, investigation of a theorem relating to, I, 396. Sun-dials, description and use ofa very simple instrument for setting them up, I, 333, Survey of the coast of the United States, papers relating to. See Hassler. Swedish colony on the river Delaware, historical notices concerning it, I, 340. Symphynota, a new genus of the family of the naiades, III, 442. — alata, III, 448. — bi-alata, III, 445. — bilineata, 1V, 98. — complanata, III, 448. — compressa, III, 450. eygnea, III, 456. — gracilis, III, 452, — inflata, IV, 99. —— laevissima, III, 444. — ochracea, III, 455. — tenuissima, III, 453. Synopsis of North American Fungi, by L. D. Schweinitz, IV, 141. Table, of the mortality of the city and liberties of Philadelphia from 1809 to 1816, with a statement of the diseases, ages, &c., I, 430. Appendix to the above, for the year 1817—18, 453. Of observations on the winds, currents, Gulf stream, comparative temperature of the air and water, &c., made on the North Atlantic ocean, during twenty-six voyages to and from Europe, between the years 1799 and 1817, inclusive, by John Hamilton, II, 140. Of meteorological observations made at the city of Washington, 436. General table to the experiments on fuel, by M. Bull, III, 60, Of results of experiments made to determine the comparative loss of heat sustained by the ordinary apparatus made use of for combustion, 63. Tapirus mastodontoides, IV, 324. Teeth of the mastodon, observations on, IV, 317, &c. Telephorida, a new genus of, IIT, 458. Telescope, for the survey of the coast, on the signals and system of wires in, 30S. Temperature, of the air and water and soundings, table of, made during twenty-six voyages to and from Europe, II, 147. Of the water much colder on banks than on soundings shelving gradually, 148. Table of the mean of the air and water, in the Atlantic ocean, in different latitudes, during every month of the year, 11,150. Of the water, always warmer in currents than out of them, II, 151, Table of the mean of the air and water, between the latitudes of 40° and 50° N. and the longitudes of 15° and 45° W. Mean, at Washington city, for the months of May, June and July 1823, was nearly equal to the mean at noon of the preceding month, 429. Of the air during the eclipse of Feb. 12, 1831, LV, 133. Teocalli, compared with the mounds situated between the Arkansaw and St Francis rivers, I, 156. ' Tetracaulodon, a new genus of extinct mammiferous quadrupeds, III, 484. Remarks on this genus, by I. Hays, IV, 817, &c. — mastodontoideum, I, 484, and IV, 336. — Collinsii and Godmani, 334. Tetracolium tubercularia, IV, 286. Tetrao, general observations on these birds, with a synopsis of the species hitherto known, by C. L. Bona- parte, III, 383. AND FOURTH YOLUMES—NEW SERIES. 521 Tetrao albus, Ii, 393. — bonasia, 389. — Canadensis, 391. — cupido, 392. — hypbridus, 390. — lagopus, 393. — obscurus, 391. — phasianellus, 392. — scoticus, 393. —_ tetrix, 391. — umbellus, 389. — urogallus, 390. — urophasianus, 390. Thamnidium, synopsis of N. American species, 1V, 285. Theleborus stercoreus, 1V, 254. Thelephora, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 165. Theodolite, for the survey of the coast, description of it, IT, 287. Methods of observing with, 294. —— repeating, for the same purpose, description of it, 328. Method of observing horizontal angles with it, 836. Method of observing vertical angles with the same, 338. Theorem, investigation of one proposed by Dr Rittenhouse, respecting the summation of the several powers of the sines, with its application to the problem of a pendulum vibrating in circular ares, I, 395. Thermometer, an account of an improvement made on the differential thermometer of Mr Leslie, I, 301. Of little use in indicating soundings off the coast of Ireland, II, 149. A very important and useful in- strument in navigation, yet not entitled to implicit confidence, 154. Observations with it during the solar eclipse of Feb, 12, 1831, IV, 133, Thorax, a case of disease in which one side was at rest while the other performed the motions of respiration in the usual way, I, 381. Time, of the day, how to find by a new instrument, I, 338. Of the night, the right ascensions of the moon, or of any other planet or fixed star being given, together with that of the sun, may be found by the same instrument, 339. The meridian and latitude of a place being given, how to find the time, declination and azimuth of the sun, 839. The meridian and declination being given, to find the latitude, time and azimuth, 339. Peculiar method of observing it, with the repeating circle, II, 326. Tioga, some of the Five Nations stationed here for the purpose of ascertaining what persons were coming into their country, IV, 362. Tombuctoo, a periodical caravan between this place and Oran, II, 448. Torula, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 286. Towns of the Berbers, divided into two, three or four distinct communities, who war with each other, IV, 29. Transit instruments, destined for the observatories, peculiarities of them, II, 420. Transition formation, necessity of such a class, discussed, I, 12. Description of, as it occurs in the U. States, I, 35. The greatest part of the rocks of this class decompose into soils favourable to vegetation, 51. Water not so pure as that of the primitive class, 53. Trap-formation, newest fletz, not yet discovered in the United States, I, 15. Of the western part of the valley of the Mississippi, II, 191. Description of the same, 209. Trap-rocks, of the Connewago hills, near Middletown, and of Stony ridge, near Carlisle, Pennsylvania, ob- servations on, by John B. Gibson, II, 156. Nothing in the position of the former to indicate an igneous origin, 159. Trechus conjunctus, II, 90. IV, 435, — partiarius, II, 90. IV, 434. — rupestris, 11,91. IV, 435. Tremella, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 185. Trichia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 259. Trichoderma, synopsis of N, American species, IV, 263. Trichodermacei, order of fungi, 1V, 261. Trichospermi, order of fungi, IV, 255. Trichothecium roseum, IV, 275. Vou. IV.—6 F 522 INDEX TO THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Troost, G., description and chemical analysis of the retinasphalt, discovered at Cape Sable, Magothy river, Maryland, II, 110. Notice of a new crystalline form of the yenite of Rhode Island, 478. Tuarycks of Aftica, notice concerning them, IT, 452. Remarks upon them, by Wm. B. Hodgson, IV, 31. Remarkable for their commercial habits and warlike propensities, 31. Vocabulary of their lan- guage, 35. Tuber cibarium, IV, 252: Tubercularia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 301. Tulostoma, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 256. Tumour, a large one successfully extirpated, I, 298. Tumuli and population of the aborigines of N. America, I, 151. Tusks of the mastodon, observations on, 1V, 317, &c. Tympanis, synopsis of N, American species, IV, 237. Typhula, synopsis of N, American species, IV, 183. Unio, some anatomical observations on the genus, III, 260. Manner of taking their food, 261. IV, 65. Muscles which seem to have escaped attention, 262. Oviducts of the U. irroratus are different from those of any other species yet examined, 263. Observations on the genus, by P. H. Nicklin, 395. Description of eleven new species from the rivers of the United States, 403. Teeth of, 407. Colour, 409. Elevations on the surface of the disks, 410. Epidermal colours, 411. Beaks, 413. Muscular impressions, 414. Ligament, 415. List of North American species, with synonyms, 415. Critical remarks on Lamarck’s species of Unio, 421. Observations on the manner in which the elevations on the'surface of the disks are formed, IV, 63. Observations on the teeth in the Naiades, 67. Additional species described, 105. Large size of some species, 106. — acutissimus, IV, 89. — angustatus, IV, 114. —— anodontoides, IV, 81. — arceformis, IV, 116. —— asper, IV, 85. —— asperrimus, IV, 71. — ater, IIT, 426. — brevidens, IV, 75. — ceruleus, IV, 95. — calceolus, III, 265. — castaneus, IV, 91. — circulus, III, 433. — eongareus, IV, 72. — cuprinus, IV, 94. — decisus, IV, 92. — donaciformis, II, 267. — ebenus, IV, 84. — elegans, IV, 83. — ellipsis, III, 268. —— fabalis, IV, 86. — formosus, IV, 111. — glans, IV, 82. — heterodon, III, 428. — incurvus, IV, 97. .—— tris, III, 439, irroratus, III, 269. Description of the oviducts, which are different from those of any other species yet examined, 270. —— lacrymosus, 111, 272. — lanceolatus, III, 266. — lens, IV, 80. — multiplicatus, IV, 70. — multiradiatus, Ill, 434. AND FOURTH VOLUMES—NEW SERIES. §23 Unio multistriatus, IV, 91. —— obesus,1V,96. Error in the locality of this species corrected, 108 — occidens, III, 435. —— olivarius, 1¥, 108. —— oriens,1V, 73. Peculiarity in its habits, 107. — patulus, II, 441, —— perplerus, IV, 112. — pileus, IV, 119. planulatus, III, 431. — pustulatus, 1V, 79. — pustulosus, 1V, 76. — pyramidatus, 1V, 109. rubiginosus, III, 427. — securis, III, 437. — soleniformis, IV, 87. Peculiarity in its habits, 106. —— stapes, IV, 77. — subovatus, 1V, 118. —— subrotundus, \V, 117. — sulcatus, III, 430. trapezoides, IV, 69. — trigonus, IV, 110. varicosus, IV, 90. —— zig-zag, III, 440. United States, coast of, papers relating to its survey—See Hassler. Observations on the geology of, by Wm. Maclure, I, 1. Uperrhiza Boscii, 1V, 255. Uredo, IV, 290. Valvata arenifera, 1V, 104. Vanishing fractions, memoir on, by J. Mansfield, I, 200. Variation of the magnetic needle, may be found by means of a new instrument, I, 339, Vaughan, John, letter to him, describing an Indian fort in the neighbourhood of Lexington, Kentucky, I, 310. Communication of an abstract and results of eight annual statements of the deaths, with diseases, ages, &e. in the city and liberties of Philadelphia, I, 430. Vegetable mould, considered as a criterion of the richness of soils, I, 45. Stratum of, generally thin in all countries, I, 178. Too deep in Kentucky to have been produced by forests growing on the spot, 179; and probably the produce of an uncovered bed of coal, 180. Vegetables, decomposition of, in the atmosphere, different from the same process when they are imbedded be- tween stony strata, I, 178. Verpa Caroliniana, 1V, 170. Vermicularia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 228. Verticillum, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 283. Vibrissea truncorum, IV, 178. Virginia, geology of, nature of the soil, internal navigation, &c., 1,76. Indian names of rivers, persons, &c., IV, 379. Vocabularies of the language of the Kabyles of Africa, II, 453. Of the Mozabi dialect, 462. Comparative, of the Chinese and Cochin-Chinese, brought to this country by J. White, notice respecting, III, 72. Of the language of the Tuarycks of Africa, IV, 35. Vocal sounds, seven in the English language, I, 246 and 249. Vocals, two in the English language, I, 262, Voice, variety of sounds produced by the human voice, I, 228. Volcanic productions, none found east of the Mississippi, I, 28. This class of rocks has many properties highly favourable to vegetation in its decomposed state, 60. Volutella quercina, 1V, 179. Vowels represent the vocal sounds, I, 246. 524 INDEX TO THE FIRST FOUR VOLUMES—NEW SERIES. Wadreagans of Africa, observations on their language, manners, &c., IV, 23. Identical with the Melano- Getulians of Ptolemy, IV, 23. Walker, Sears C., observations of the beginning and end of the eclipse of the sun of Feb. 12, 1831, made at Philadelphia, IV, 128. Wallenstein, Jules de, memoir pour accompagner le tableau des observations météorologiques faites A Wash- ington, depuis le 17 Avril 1823, jusqu’au 18 Avril 1824, II, 421. Ware, WV. 4., note accompanying a fragment of the jaw of a fossil animal from Missouri, IV, 405. Washington city, abstract of calculations to ascertain the longitude of the capitol, by William Lambert, I, 103. Plan of an observatory proposed to be built there, II, 365. Meteorological observations made there, 421. Its climate compared with that of St Petersburg, 433. Waier, not so pure in the transition formation as among the primitive rocks, 1,53. Springs are of very different qualities in the secondary formation, 57. Weather, diary of, kept on the river Delaware during the years 1644 and 1645, by John Campanius, I, 342. Wedgewood’s pyrometer, several objections to, I, 167. Wen, a large one successfully extirpated, I, 298. Western States, geology of, nature of the soil, internal navigation, &c., I, 85. West Point, altitudes of the mountains near, I, 148. White mountains of New Hampshire, altitudes of, I, 149. Winds, table of observations on them, made during twenty-six voyages to and from Europe, II, 140. Westerly winds prevailed more than half the time during the preceding voyages, 142. Table of observations made at Washington city, 437. Wistar, Caspar, observations on those processes of the ethmoid bone, which originally form the sphenoidal sinuses, I, 371. An account of two heads found in a morass called the Big Bone Lick, 375. Ac- count of a case of disease, in which one side of the thorax was at rest, while the other performed the motions of respiration in the usual way, I, 381. Wood and coal, experiments on the heat evolved by their combustion, III, 1. Shell-bark hickory taken as the standard in the above experiments, being of greater weight than any other, and disengaging in its combustion an equal quantity of heat from any given weight, 21. Method of ascertaining the spe- cific gravity of wood, 29. Method of obtaining the product of charcoal, 31. The same practised successfully on a large scale, 33. The density or durability of the different woods, apparently not to be attributed to the quantity of carbon they contain, 36. Wurgelans of Africa, observations on their language, manners, &c,, IV, 23. Identical with the Melano- Getulians of Ptolemy, IV, 23. Wyoming, Indian name of, IV, 361. Xantholinus cephalus, IV, 452. —— emmesus, IV, 452. —— hamatus, IV, 453. Xylomacea, order of fungi, IV, 249. Vellow-stone river, fossil bone found near, IV, 405 and 408, Yenite, of Rhode Island, notice of a new crystalline form of, II, 478. Zeisberger, Rev. David, a grammar of the language of the Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians, III, 65. Notice respecting him by P. S. Duponceau, 86. Zinc, fusing temperature of, I, 169. Zythia, synopsis of N. American species, IV, 247. 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