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UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY

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74

E8E8
1 891 -95

TRANSACTIONS-^^iSSn^

FOR THE YEAR 1891,/ T«\C , .

OF THE

■^$z\ Qgi'icultui'al

0RGANIZ£;D i8iS.

FOR THE

COUNTY OF ESSEX,

In Massachusetts,

AND ITS

Sixty-Eighth Annual Address,

BY

HON. WILLI Am H- mOODY,

OF HA VERHILL.

With the Premium List for 1892,

PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE SOCIETY.

SALEM, MASS.-:

OBSERVER BOOK AND JOB PB.WB^

liNiVERSiTY OF
MASSACHUSETTS

AMHERSUSSS.

(p 3 O • O C
f

^5

ANNUAL ADDRESS.

BY HON. WILLIAM H. MOODY.

An exaraiDation into the reports of your Society dis-
closes that those who have been selected to deliver the
annual address have been given a wide scope in the choice
of subjects. It seems not to have been your purpose to
confine the speakers to purely agricultural subjects. You
seem to have taken all knowledge for your province, and to
have encouraged the discussion of any matter which
touched the public well being. It would be idle to expect
those, whose days are busy in other avocations, to enlight-
en you, where your own resources of information are far
superior. In the old and more leisurely days, the profes-
sional man was often a practical farmer as well, but the
exacting demands of modern life compel from each the
most constant attention to his own occupation. By the
necessity of ignorance, I am forbidden to address you upon
any subject relating to the cultivation of the soil, and your
invitation was given and accepted with full knowledge of
this limitation. I shall, however, endeavor to interest you
in matters with which I am, or ought to be, somewhat
familiar, and which are of practical concern to us all.

At first sight it might appear that, of all persons in the
world, the members of the Essex Agricultural Society would
be the least interested in questions concerning the criminal
law ; but yet, when we consider the great importance to
the community in which we live, of checking and control-

ling the rising tide of lawless acts, and of lessening the
financial burden which the existence of the criminal
class and the necessity of the detection and punishment of
crime casts upon eaclrmember of the community, I think
I need not excuse myself further for addressing you upon
the administration of the criminal law, with the purpose of.
suggesting for your consideration some changes which it
appears to me the well being of the community demands.

There is no surer way of attracting a man's attention
than I)y touching his purse, and we will first ascertain as
well as we may what it costs the County of Essex to de-
tect and to punish crimes ; and in this consideration, we
must omit altogether the enormous indirect financial bur-
den upon the community by reason of the existence of a
class of persons who add nothing to production and are
worse than mere drones in the community.

The following table shows the receipts and expenditures
of the County in respect to the enforcement of the crimi-
nal law for the year 1890.

INCOME.

Gross income of four jails, $15,070 71

Bonds, costs and forfeitures paid by persons

convicted to the Superior and lower courts, 40,677 65

Total Income. $55,748 .36

EXPENDITURES.

Cost of maintenance of four jails and houses of

correction, $75,826 13

One-half cost of maintenance including salaries
of the Lawrence and Newburyport Court
Houses, 1,100 85

One-fourth cost of maintenance including sala-
ries of Salem Court House, 2,.323 15

One-third cost of maintenance including sala-
ries of Clerk of Courts office, 3,883 96

Grand Jury pay roll, 1,802.36

Traverse Jury pay roll, 5,125.74

Paid officers for attendance at court and for

summoning jurors, 1,617.06

Two-thirds cost of maintenance including sala-
ries of police and district courts, 16,777.28
Amount expended for witnesses in the superior

criminal court, 6,06S.9S

Costs paid district and police courts, 30,326.70

Capias and subpoenas, 298.09

Salary of assistant district attorney and printing, 1,455.99
Transportation o'f prisoners and convicts, 1,413.81

Fees of medical examiners and for inquests, 2,469 07

One-half Sheriff's salary, 1,000.00

One-third expense of County Treasurer's office

including salaries, 910.19

Fines paid to complainants, 125 00

Total expenditure, $152,024.36

Total income, 55,748.36

Balance of expenditure over income, $96,276.00

This table, perhaps, needs a word or two of explanation.
One-half of the expense of maintaining the Lawrence and
Newburyport court houses is charged to the criminal
court because of those two houses, at least one-half the
use is for the transaction of criminal business. On the
other hand, one-fourth only of the expense of maintaining
the Salem court house is charged in this account to the
administration of criminal law, although I doubt whether
this is an adequate proportion. Two-thirds of the cost of
maintenance of the police and district courts I have
charged in this account because it seems that at least two-
thirds of the uses of those courts are in administering
criminal law. The same considerations apply to the esti-
mated proportion of the sheriff's salary and the expense
of the county treasurer's office. Of course these propor-

6

tions are rough estimates but, it seems to me, ntt unfair
ones.

The county tax during the year 1890 paid by the vaii-
ous cities and towns to the county treasurer was 1205,000.
You will thus see that nearly one-half of the amount raised
by taxation for county purposes was spent directly in the
detection and punishment of crime within the County of
Essex.

The county commissioners last year appraised the jail
property of the county at $593,702. Add to this, say one-
third of the appraised value of the court house property,
$120,880, and there is 714,582 dollars worth of real estate
devoted to the administration of criminal law. There is
no income from this property except as allowed for in the
above statement I have given you. If it is true, as real
estate owners say, that all real estate investment ought to
produce a gross income of ten per cent, in order to be as
profitable as other kinds of investments, then you have an
addition of interest account to the amount of $71,258.20;
and 3'our direct yearl}'^ outgo, based upon the year 1890 is
•■^167,7.34.20. But the expense by no means stops here.
As tax payers, you pay through the Commonwealth the
salaries of the judges, of the district attorney, and of the
state police, and your part of the large expense of the con-
struction and maintenance of the various state prisons and
reformatories. If you will look at the account of the.
expenses of the cities and towns in which you live and
pay taxes, especially those of you who pay taxes in cities,
you will sec the large amounts of money which are 3'early
rcfjuired for the maintenance of an efficient police.

I think that few adequately know or appreciate the
weight of the financial burden upon tlic law abiding people

of the community, which the existence of a lawless and
criminal class imposes. I have called your attention to it,
not for the purpose of criticising the expenditures, which
I believe are carefully made and rigidly scrutinized by the
public servants, but only that you might see the impor-
tance of the subject to all, and the necessity that exists
for intelligent and right-thinking men to give their best
thought to those questions of reform in our methods of
dealing with criminals, which are brought every year to the
legislature for its consideration.

Moreover, it is idle to complain of public expenditures
in' the gross, we must attack them in detail. To change
a hoiiiely expression we must save at the spigot as well as
at the bung hole. We must cut off useless and expensive
formalities and delays, abolish bad methods, and improve
good ones. This demands criticism. Intelligent criticism
[and any other is worse than useless] requires knowledge,
attention and thought.

A statute passed last winter will illustrate my meaning
and show the necessity of attention to questions relating to
the treatmentof criminals, by people who will consider the
subject with some reference to the question of public ex-
pense. Chapter 356 of the Acts of 1891 provides for the
appointment for each of our police and district courts of a
probation officer, whose duty it is to" investigate into the
nature of every criminal case brought before the lower
courts, and in proper cases, to recommend to the Justice of
the court that the offender be placed on probation during
his good behavior. The salary of this ofBcer is paid from
the county treasury and he is forbidden to do other police
work.

In the County of Essex, this law compelled the appoint-

8

ment of seven probation officers at a yearly expense to
the county of sixty-four hundred dollars. While in Suftblk
county it may be necessary to appoint a number of these
officers, in my judgment in the County of Essex, no such
necessity exists, and the amount of money devoted to
their compensation is so much money thrown away. I do
not wish to be understood as opposing a thorough exami-
nation into all criminal cases before sentence. One of the
most important duties of those who have in charge the
prosecution of offences is to know when not to punish.
But the work now performed by the probation officers
could be, and to a large extent was, before the passage of
the law, performed by the city marshals and chiefs of police
without any extra compensation whatever. It never has
been, according to my experience, the practice of any
judge to impose a penalty upon an offender without as
extensive a knowledge of his history and surroundings of
any kind as was possible. Public opinion needs but to be
informed to demand and secure the repeal of this law, in
the interest of economy.

A reference to the figures which I have given you in
regard to the expenses and income of our penal institutions,
shows that the cost of keeping a convict in confinement
far exceeds the^value of his labor. It is not likely that
the gross cost of maintaining the houses of correction
will be lessened, and in the present condition of public
sentiment, the returns from convict labor are more likely
to be decreased than increased. Public sentiment has
condemned the employment of convict labor in any way
which will bring it in competition with free labor, or which
will tend to diminish the returns of the free laborer from
his work. Whatever we may think of it, this is a senti-

9

ment which cannot be controlled and overcome. It has
found voice in the legislation of the Commonwealth, and
each year the lawful employment of convicts is restricted
within narrower limits.

An excellent example of the tendency of this legislation
is furnished us in a neighboring county. Within the
house of correction at Cambridge, the manufacture of
brushes by the convicts had grown to be a profitable busi-
ness, and the returns from this manufacture largely de-
creased the prison expenses of the County of Middlesex.
But a statute passed last winter restricted the number of
prisoners to be employed in this industry to fifty, and the
result is said to have been that the industry is practically
destroyed, and the expense of the prison must be met
hereafter in some other way.

The employment of prisoners on some kind of labor is a
humane necessity for their moral and physical well being,
and it may well be that in the near future, in order to find
adequate employment for its convicts, the state will be com-
pelled to undertake public \vork of a kind which will not
come in competition with free labor. In wliat direction
shall we look for such employment. Is there any public
work, which would not be undertaken at all if free labor
had to be employed, which would furnish occupation for the
convict, and be of benefit to tlie state.

The roads of New England are considered to be among
the worst in the world, and probably will continue to be so
unless a vast system of reconstruction is begun, and in time,
completed. Their maintenance is a source of expense, and
their condition imposes an indirect tax upon the owner
of every horse and vehicle. I commend to your thoughtful
consideration whether it would be wise to employ those con-
victs who are imprisoned for short terms and for minor

lO

offences upon the work of reconstruction of our highways,
always carefully seeing to it that the work done by them is
beyond and above that which would otherwise be done by
free labor. I have not given the subject sufficient thought
to advocate this proposition, and I can only say that it has
been elsewhere tried with success, both in securing better
highways and diminishing a certain class of convicts
whose worst punishment is hard work. At least one mem-
ber of the board of county commissioners has examined
this plan, endorses it, and has unsuccessfully advocated it
before different committees of the general court.

But we may expect to find in the methods of inquiry and
trial used by the criminal law, rather than in the methods
of punishment, practices which are unduly wasteful and
cause expensive delays and miscarriages of justice, and
this especially because of the history of the origin of the
law and the many rigid rules which have restricted the
freedom of its development.

The great body of our criminal, as of our civil law, was
brought across the waters by our forefathers from England
aud from that time to the present, the development of its
rules has proceeded upon both sides of the water, naturally
diverging somewhat, but in the main, today, presenting
systems substantially identical. Many, if not most, of the
rules governing the administration of criminal justice orig-
inated and became fixed at a time when offences were
punished with ferocious severity. At the opening of this
century in England, offences which would now be deemed
almost trivial, were punished by death. Prisoners upon trial
were not allowed the l)onefit of counsel, and were not per-
mitted to testify in their own behalf. The prosecuting power
itself seemed something apart from the people.

As an offset to these disadvantages, judges and juries

II

sought to avoid the results of this terrible code, bv inter-
posing between the prisoner and conviction all manner of
nice and subtle technicalities. The prisoner not only could
not testify in his own behalf, but on the other hand, the
government was not permitted to inquire of him with respect
to the crime with which he was charged.

But the law has become more humane. The atrocious
penalties of former times have been abolished. The people
have taken into their own hands the prosecution of offend-
ers, with the determination that no man shall be unjustly
convicted and punished. The prisoner is permitted at all
times to testify in his own behalf, and deny and explain
any evidence that may be produced against him. In short,
the accused needs no longer the protection of technicalities
and subtleties, but may rely with confidence upon the fair-
ness of the prosecuting officers, the learning of the judges,
and the determination of the jurors to see that justice is
done between the Commonwealth and him. I believe the
time has come when we can afford to sweep away many of
the rules of the criminal law which have grown up in other
times and under other circumstances, and which not only
afford a shelter for the guilty, but increase largely the ex-
pense of the administration of the law.

I propose to discuss one or two venerable rules of the
criminal law, and ask you to consider with me whether
they could not, with profit to the community, be changed
or abolished. But before so doing, I wish to refer to a
detail of practice, the continuance of which shows how
much easier it is to let things alone than to question and
change them. You probably are aware in a vague sort of
way that, with reference to the power of the courts to pass
sentence upon offenders who have been found to be guilty.

12

there are three classes of cases: first, a class of mhior
offences in which the judges of the jjolice and district
courts have the duty of imposing a penalty if the accused is
found guilty, always subject to his right to an appeal and to
a trial by jury ; that there is a second class of cases, some-
what more serious in their nature, in which the judges of
the lower courts have what is called concurrent jurisdiction,
that is either the power to impose a penalty within certain
limits, or to bind over the accused to await the action of the
grand jury ; and that there is a third class of cases where
the power of the magistrate of the lower court is confined
simply to committing the accused to await the action of the
grand jury, and to answer to their presentment in the
superior court.

On the first Monday of October next, experience tells me
that there will come for the consideration of the grand jury,
a certain number of cases where the defendants have been
accused in the lower courts of crimes not within the power
of those courts to punish, and there have solemnly pleaded
that they were guilty. Under the law, the cases nuist
still be brought to the grand jury and proved against tiie
defendant, an indictment found, returned to the superior
court, and disposed of there. In the meantime, a man who
has pleaded guilty in May or June may be kept in confine-
ment until October, simply because no provision is made by
the law for the speedy punishment of a man who has con-
fessed that he is guilty and is ready to take the sentence
which the law affixes to his crime. Consider what an
amount of useless and expensive work is done. The pris-
oner is confined at the expense of the county for perhaps
several months. It is an injustice to him as well. The
time of the grand jury, itself valuable and expensive, is

occupied in the performance of useless formality. The
punishment of his offence wliich might have been useful as
an example to others, is deferred until perhaps the reason for
it is forgotten and the value of the example is lost. Thus,
if a man commits a crime serious enough, it seems to be
considered that he deserves well of the Republic, and is
entitled to a certain amount of solemn trifling, even if it is
expensive to the people and burdensome to himself. I be-
lieve that all this could be remedied, that provision could be
made for sentencing offenders who have pleaded guilty,
forthwith after they have confessed their guilt, either by
judges of the lower court, or by some judge of the Superior
Court sitting at some other time and place than a regular
session of that court.

The constitution of Massachusetts provides that "no
subject shall be held to answer for any crimes or offence
until the same is fully and plainly, substantially and for-
mally described to him." This was the rule of common
law, and our ancestors thought it of importance enough to
the citizen to deserve a place in our Bill of Rights. Let us
consider for a moment the practical working of this rule.
In the first week of October next, the grand jury will have
to consider accusations made against probably something
more than one hundred persons. They are aided in their
deliberations by the advice of the district attorney and his
assistant, and the indictments which tliey find are drawn as
accurately as the nature of the case will admit by those of-
ficers. After their deliberations are concluded, the grand
jury report their indictments to the court, and adjourn.
They have considered over a hundred cases of which they
knew nothing at all at the beginning of their sitting. They
have had but a week to consider the evidence, and make
up their judgment, and cause the indictments to be drawn.

It is important and necessary that every name in the in-
dictment should be almost absolutely correct, that every
piece of property named in the indictment should be accu-
rately described, and that the indictment should charge the
crime with precision and fulness. If, after the grand jury
has adjourned, it is discovered that it is charged against a
thief, that he " did steal, take and carry '" certain goods,
the indictment is imperfect, because it should have been
charged that he " did steal, take and carry away " the
goods. If he is charged with the larceny of a certain num-
ber of bottles of whiskey, and the proof shows that the
whiskey was not stolen in the bottles but was drawn by the
thief into the bottles from the casks of the owner, he must
be acquitted. If he is charged with the adulteration of a
••' certain substance intended for food, to wit, one pound of
confectionery," the indictment is insufficient because it should
have been alleged what kind of confectionery he adulter-
ated. If he is charged with stealing a number of diffei-ent
articles of a certain collective value, and the jury find that
he stole all the articles but one, he must be acquitted, al-
though if the same articles had been alleged to have been
of separate values, he may be convicted for those which the
nroof shows he actually did steal, although the values may
not be accurately stated. If he is charged with an assault
upon John Smith and it appears that the assault was upon
John A. Smith, he must be acquitted. If he is charged
with maintaining a building as a liquor nuisance, and it ap-
pears that he occupied a part only of the building, he must
be acquitted. And in all these cases, justice has not been
done, and great expense has been incurred. These are not
fanciful cases, but are taken almost at random from the
decisions of our Supreme Court.

I believe that this could be remedied without in any way

imperilling the rights of the citizen, and to the great finan-
cial benefit of the community. Preserve if you will, all the
technical requirements of the law in the drawing of indict-
ments ; describe the offence fully, plainly, substantially, and
formally. But after the grand jury has once passed upon
the question of guilt or innocence, permit the proper officer
of the court under such restriction as the judge may deem
necessary to protect the rights of the accused, to amend
the indictment, as the pleadings in a civil action may be
amended, in order that the true crime which the grand jury
intended to present for trial may be accurately and legally
expressed. Thus the spirit of the constitution would be
observed, and the grotesque results which are a reproach to
our civilization would be avoided.

Perhaps the most striking peculiarity of the law which
governs all English speaking people is that which forbids
the government to call the accused person as a witness
against himself. The contrast between this rule and the
practice which prevails in other countries was, not long ago,
curiously emphasized in the minds of those who followed
in the public press the accounts of two important trials
pi'oceeding at' the same time ; one the trial of a man and
woman in France for the strangling of their victim, and the
other the trial of Isaac Sawtelle in the neighboring state of
New Hampshire for the murder of his brother. In the
former case the prisoners were not only examined by the
government's counsel, but were subjected to rigid examina-
tion by the presiding judge, who mingled with his questions
a running fire of comment upon the prisoners' answers ;
and finally the trial appeared to degenerate into a debate in
which judge, counsel, witnesses and prisoners took part
This examination was not by consent of the prisoners.

i6

At the same time in New Hampshire, many days were con-
sumed by the court in carefully inquiring whether the pris-
oner was in that State on certain days and nights, and there
killed his brother. And throughout the trial, no one asked
the prisoner a single question about a single fact connected
with the case. And moreover, although he sat silent under
the accusing evidence, no one suggested to the jury that
his silence under these circumstances, his faikire to con-
tradict testimony which, if false, he could easily do, created
any presumption against him.

In the dignity and decorum befitting a court of justice,
the American trial was immeasurably superior to the
French trial. Yet in spite of this, is there not something
worthy of consideration in the contrasting methods ? A
two hours' examination of Isaac Sawtelle by the attorney
general of New Hampshire would probably have accom-
plished more toward discovering his guilt or innocence,
than all the rest of the evidence together accomplished.

To trace the origin and growth of the rule that no man
is bound to incriminate himself will certainly prove inter-
esting to the student of social science, but is too far apart
from the purposes of this discussion to be undertaken here.
The rule certainly did not exist in England for a half
century after the first settlement of New England. How-
ever it originated, it has become firmly fixed in our jurispru-
dence and holds a place in the Massachusetts Bill of Rights,
which provides that " no subject shall be compelled to ac-
cuse or furnish evidence against himself." To dispute the
wisdom of a principle sanctioned by the constitution and
by two centuries of almost unquestioned existence, requires
something of temerity. But a righteous institution can en-
dure criticism and profit by it, while none other has a right

17

to complain. Many of you can remember when a trial at
law was fettered by rules of evidence which now seem to
have been designed to conceal the truth, so devious and
uncertain were the paths through which truth was sought.
Parties to a civil suit, those interested in its result, persons-
whose religious beliefs did not conform to the standards of
the times, and persons who had been convicted of crimCr
were absolutely excluded from the witness stand, and a
person accused of crime was neither compelled nor per-
mitted to testify upon his trial.

With fear and hesitation, these restrictive rules have
from time to time been abolished, until the one under con-
sideration alone remains. After many years of agitation,
parties to civil suits and persons interested were permitted
to testify, although many predicted that the courts would
be overrun by false and fraudulent claims, and that no one
would be protected against the perjury of his neighlior.
But the experience of many years has shown that this feat
was unfounded, that men and women will not willingly^
commit perjury, and that jurors are entirely competent to
judge what weight should be subtracted from the testimony
of the party on account of his interest in the result of the'
litigation.

When the privilege of testifying in his own behalf was
extended to a prisoner, it was feared that this privilege
would afford a protection and a shield for the guilty, but
the result has been far different, and has proved practicallj
to be a great benefit in an unexpected direction. The riglit
to testify has not only protected those unjustly accused of
crime, but in a much greater degree has rendered certain
the conviction of those justly accused of crime ; for it is
the almost unvarying experience that when a guilty man
avails himself of his right to testify, his examination fur-
nishes the most convincing proof of bis guilt.

i8

When this privilege of giving testimony was accorded to
"the accused, it was carefully provided, in deference to the
constitutional provision which wc have under consideration,
that his neglect or refusal to testify should not create any
presumption against him, and juries are always carefully
instructed not to allow the refusal of the accused to take
the stand in his own behalf to affect their judgment unfav-
orably to him. But it has been shown in this case as in all
others that we cannot legislate against the laws of thought.
And however faithfully judges, counsel or jurors may en-
deavor to heed this caution of the law, it is impossible to
see a man sit silent under accusing evidence, which he
could contradict if it were untrue, and to consider that
silence as devoid of all significance. If a man does not
reply to the accusations against him, it is in truth an argu-
ment that they are true. No man can help seeing it as
such, and the law in its search for the truth ought to give
it due weight.

It is but a step further to require the accused to testify
under oath upon his trial, at the call of the government.
Society is engaged in a life and death struggle with its ene-
mies, and it seems almost folly to discard from its armory a
weapon so potent as this. The innocent need 'fear no open
and straightforward methods of inquiry into the truth, and
^what is it to us that the guilty object r Torture and the
kindred institution of secret inquiry in the cell, threats and
misrepresentations to a prisoner, are all abhorrent to the
spirit of our institutions. But the time has come to con-
sider, not hastily, but deliberately, whether our constitution
-should not be so far modified as to permit the people, when
through their representatives they have accused a man of a
crime, to inquire of him under oath and in open court

19

whether the facts which criminate him are true or not.
That no man was bound to furnish evidence against him-
self, in other times, may have been a shield for the innocent,
but to-day it is a shelter which the guilty alone seek. If
this shelter were destroyed, the punishment of crime would
be more speedy and certain. It is not the severity but the
speedy certainty of punishment which deters. When jus-
tice follows offence with halting and uncertain step, then
crime flourishes and criminals multiply.

There are other matters of interest in the adminiS(,tration
of criminal law to which I should like to call your attention
if time permitted. I should like to dwel! upon its merits
as well as its defects. My justification in speaking of
these things to you is that they are matters of practical
concern to you all, and of especial importance to the
County whose name your society bears. They are matters
upon which the public mind does not commonly dwell, and
it is only by now and then directing it to these neglected
corners of the social fabric that that thought and discussion
arises which is so essential to progress toward stronger and
better institutions. It is only by arousing the interest and
attention of the people that reforms in our social methods
can be attained. The old times in Essex County when a
crime was so rare that it startled the neighborhood in which
it occurred, have passed away, and there is to-day a con-
stant struggle between the community and the evil doers in
its midst. The methods which were satisfactory a half
century ago are inadequate to-day. Although I may not
have convinced you of the truth of any of the propositions
I have attempted to maintain, yet if I have in any degree
directed your attention to a subject of great and increasing
importance, I have in some measure repaid you for the
honor which this invitation has done me.

SEVENTY-FIRST

Annual Cattle Show and Fair.

The Cattle Show and Fair of this Society opened
Tuesday, Sept. 22, 1891. at Lawrence, — the first time for
thirteen years,~iinder very favorable circumstances, al-
though in the morning appearances indicated rain, which
made some of the entries late in arriving.

The City Government and citizens generally worked
with a will and tried in every way to lend their assistance
so as to make the show a success, and they succeeded in a
marked degree.

The entries in some of the departments were notably
less than they have been in some years previous, but the
stock was all of the first quality, noticeably the horses
and colts, and in some departments, especially in the hall
and agricultural tools, many large entries were entered as
collections, which reduced the number of entries as com-
pared with the last few years.

In the ploughing match this year the entries were on an
average with former years, but more work was done with
sulky ploughs than usual, and it was fully up to the stand-
ard of our Essex County farmers.

In the exhibition hall the exhibits were fully up to the
standard of previous years, and as a rule the several
committees found it dii^lcult to decide on the merits of
fruit and manufactured articles, the general standard being
so high.

21

On Wednesday, Sept. 23, the annual address was deliv-
ered by Hon. William H. Moody, before a large audience,
in Trinity church, the subject being "Criminal Law," which
was listened to with marked attention.

The Scripture reading and prayer by Rev. W. A. Keese
of Lawrence, were very appropriate for the occasion,
as was also the excellent singing by the quartette.

After the conclusion of the services in the church, the
annual dinner was served in Porter's Hall, after which
President Ware called the assemblage to order and made
introductory remarks, and introduced Hon. William
Cogswell, President elect Francis H. Appleton, Judge
Sherman of the Superior Court, and others, all of whom
contributed very interesting and pleasant remarks
concerning the history of the Society, and its work now
and in the future, and agriculture in general.

The Grange Exhibit in the vestry of the church . op-
posite the hall was a new feature this year, and was
a good show of itself. It created a feeling of interest and
was an attraction to the general Fair.

The entries in the several departments of the Fair for
1891, and 1890 at Beverly, are tabulated for comparison as
follows :

STOCK, IMPLEMENTS, ETC. ON

Class.

Fat Cattle,

Bulls,

Milch Cows,

Herds of Milch Cows,

Heifers, Pure Bred,

Heifers, Native or Grade,

Heifer Calves, Pure Bred,

Heifer Calves^Native or Grade,

Working Oxen and Steers,

Steers,

FflEE

SHOW

GROUNDS.

From From
Entries Different Entries Different
in 1891. Places in 1890. Places
in 1891. in 1890.

6

o

2

2

9

4

5

3

12

2

13

3

3

9

1

1

23

4

16

5

17

5

12

5

3

2

3

2

10

3

6

3

12

4

9

5

4

3

2

2

22

Class

From
Entries Different
in 1891. Places
in 1891.

0

0

2
8

From
Entries DiflEerent
in 1890. Places
in 1890.

0

0

2

4
13
13

6
6

Stallions, Farmland Draft,

Town Teams,

Stallions, Driving Purposes,

Brood Mares, Farm and Draft,

Brood Mares, Driving Purposes,

Family Horses,

Gents Driving Horses,

Farm Horses,

Pairs Farm Horses, over 2500 lbs., 2
Pairs Farm Horses, less than 2500

lbs., 5

Colts, Farm and Draft, 6

Colts, Driving Purposes, 30

Swine, Large Breed, 12

Swine, Small Breed, 2

Sheep, 3

Poultry, 31

Harrows for Trial, 3

Agricultural Implements, 13

Carriages, 3

Ploughing, 15

♦Entered in collections in 1891.

10
4
4
2

4
5

10
6
2
2
9
2
5
2
9

1

1

12

3

6
8
7
12
3

6
10
28
16

6

2
109

2
*234

8
15

1
1

8
3
5
♦5
4
T
3

3

5
14

2
1
1

9

2

4
3
5

Total on Free Show Grounds, 268 20 458 23

EXHIBITS IN HALL.

From FroBi

Entries Different Entries Different

Uiase.

in 1891.

Places
in 1891.

in 1890.

Places
in 189».

Dairy,

3

o

7

o
O

Bread and Canned Fruit,

50

14

65

12

Honey,

2

2

19

4

Pears,

192

16

216

17

Apples,

215

16

178

17

Peaches, Grapes and Assorted

Fruit,

83

12

105

10

23

From Front

^,„„_ Entries Different Entries Different

"^^*^^- in 1891. Places in 1890. Places

in 1891. in 1890.

Flowers,

70

13

155

11

Vegetables,

369

19

327

22

Grain and Seed,

23

^

14

7

Counterpanes and Afghans,

70

7

119

11

Carpetings and Rugs,

40

8

103

11

Articles Manufactured from

Leather,

4

2,

21

Q

Manufactures and General Mdse.

„ 28

5

29

r

Fancy Work,

188

12

329

13

Work of Art,

99

7

178

10

Work of Children under 12

years of age,

9

3

38

10^

Special Premium,

91

13

Grange Exhibit,

. 5

5

1541 31 1633 29'

Grand total, 1809 entries from 31 out of 35 towns and
cities in Essex County against 2383 entries from 31 cities
and towns last year. Gloucester, Manchester, Nahant and
Wenham did not have exhibits this year. The entries
were Andover, 125 ; Araesbury, 47 ; Boxford, 76 ; Beverly,
13 , Bradford, 15 ; Dan vers, 48 ; Essex, 8 ; Georgetown,
7 ; Groveland, 23 ; Hamilton, 14 ; Haverhill, 135 ; Ipswich,
4; Lawrence, 457; Lynn, 56 ; Lynnfield, 4; Marblehead,
7 ; Merrimac, 1 ; Methuen, 227 ; Middleton, 16 ; Newbury,
88 ; Newburyport, 8 ; No. Andover, 240 ; Peabody, 64 ;
Rockport, 7 ; Rowley, 13 ; Salem, 7 ; Salisbury, 5 ; Saugus^
7 ; Swampscott, 15 ; Topsfield, 28 ; West Newbury, 54.

REPORT OF THE ANNUAL MEETING.

The Society met in the Court House in Lawrence, Sept.
22, at 10 o'clock, A. M., President Ware in the chair.

William S. Phillips, jr., was appointed secretary pro
tempo.

24

The marshals with Col. Melvin Beal of Lawrence as
chief, were sworn in by the president.

Vacancies in committees were filled.

Voted that the chairman appoint a committee of three to
receive, sort and count the votes for officers for the ensuing
year.

Messrs. Francis H. Appleton, Asa T. Newhalland S. W.
Hopkinson were appointed.

Committee reported whole number of votes cast, 112 ;
necessary for a choice, 57.

FOR PRESIDENT.

Benjamin P. Ware of Marblehead, had 54 votes ; Francis
H. Appleton of Peabody, had 45 ; Thomas Sanders of
Haverhill, had 11 : Asa T. Newhall of Lynn, had 2.

FOR VICE-PRESIDENTS.

James J. H. Gregory of Marblehead, had 110 ; James P.
King of Peabody, had 108 ; 0. S. Butler of Georgetown,
liad 108 ; Aaron Low of Essex, had 61 ; T. C. Thurlow of
West Newbury, had 50 ; Scattering, 2 ; and Messrs. Greg-
•ory, King, Butler and Low were elected.

FOR SECRETARY.

John M. Danfortli of Lynnfield, had 112.

There being no choice for president, Mr. Ware declined
to have his name used, and the secretary was instructed
unanimously to cast one ballot for Francis H. Appleton and
Mr. Appleton was declared elected.

During the counting of votes, Rev. 0. S. Butler eulo-
gised the several members who have died during the year
and it was voted, that the president and secretary with such
others as they may choose, be a committee to prepare suit-
able resolutions to be printed in the transactions.

Voted, to adjourn this meeting to the call of the presi-
'dent at the dinner to-morrow, Sept. 23.

25

Sept. 23rd, after the annual dinner, the president called
the Society to order, according to adjournment, and re-
viewed the work of the society for the past sixteen years
since he had been its presiding officer, and thanked the
members for the courtesy and co-operation they had shown
him, and introduced Mayor Collins of Lawrence, who wel"
comed the Society and Fair to Lawrence in behalf of the
city.

Hon. William Cogswell was then introduced who made
an address and quoted statistics showing the increased
agricultural products in the county, and also in Massachu-
setts, with the general prices received for the products east
and west and concluded by saying he thought there was as
good a chance for the farmer in Essex County as anywhere.

Judge Sherman and others made pleasant remarks in
response to invitations, after which, on motion of Mr. Butler,
a unanimous vote of thanks was passed to the Mayor and
City Government of Lawrence for courtesies extended, to
Rev. W. A. Keese and officers of Trinity church for its use,
to the police force, and to the Boston & Maine Railroad for
freight and other facilities offered the Society.

Voted, that the reports of the several committees making
awards to exhibitors and competitors be accepted and con-
firmed, provided the rules of t!ie Society have been com-
plied with.

Report of Committees.

1891.

FAT CATTLE.

The Committee on Fat Cattle have attended to their
duties and respectively report to the Secretary that thej
have made the following awards :
$8. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, [for

fat oxen.
|6. Second premium, to Daniel A. Carlton, No.^Andover,

for fat oxen.
$3. Third premium, to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for fat

steers.
William Thornton, Charles H. Leach, W. H. Butters,
Calvin Rea — Committee.

BULLS.

The Committee on Bulls have attended to their dutie»

and respectfully report to the Secretary that they

have made the'following awards :
$4. First premium, to W. F. Kinsman, Ipswich, for Jersey

bull, "Francines Redire," No. 28,101, 1 year old.
^8. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for

Ayshire bull, "Ravenwood," No. 4323, 5 years old.
'f8. First premium, to Shattuck Bros., No. Andover, for

Holstein bull, 4 years old.
•M. Second premium, to Wm. A. Russell, No. Andover, for

Holstein-Fresian bull, "Royal Shepard," No. 17,507^

2 years old.

27

First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover. for
Ayshire bull calf, " Rosewood."

First premium, to J. C. Poor, No. Andover, for
Holstein-Fresian bull calf, "Essex Andinus."

First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Holstein
bull, 15 months old.

First premium, to F. H. Foster, Andover, for Guern-
sey bull.

To best bull of any age or breed with five of his stock.

Premium to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for his
Ayshire bull, "Ravenwood," No. 4323, Ays. H. B.
B. F. Barnes, Charles Haseltine, William Little — Com-
mittee.

MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Milch Cows have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to Leverett Swan, Methuen, for short

horn cow, age 9 years.
$10. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for

Guernsey cow, "Pops Sweetheart," No. 2298, age 7

years.
<flO. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for

Ayshire cow, "Julianna," No. 8541, age 5 years.
-fi. Second premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for Ayshire cow, "Mildred," No. 8547, age 5 years.
$10. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Holstein-Fresian cow, "Betty 2nd," No. 1770, 9 years

old.
$10. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

cow giving most milk in one month, Holstein cow,

"Betty."
$10. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover for

Grade cow, "Marble," 4 years old.

28

$15. Special premium, for best cow of any age or breed, to
Wra. A. Russell, No. Andover, for Holstein-Fresian
cow, "Queen Ruiter," No. 4488, 6 years old.

STATEMENT OF LEVEKETT SWAN, METHUEN.

The short horn cow, I enter for premium, was raised in
Vermont, age 9 years, record of milk for one year from
Oct. 1, 1890, 5233 quarts. Feed, pasture and fall feed in
summer with 2 quarts corn meal and 1^ bushels brewer's
grain per day.

Thomas H. O'Neil, Allen Smith, A. M. Robinson, William
C. Sleeper — Oovimitiee.

STATEMENT OF J. D. W. FRENCH.

The feed has been moderate, the chief object being to keep
the animals in good breeding condition rather than to force
them to make a large milk recond.

In summer the feed has been pasture, and in addition,
beginning generally in August, green fodder or bran, 2 to
4 quarts. In winter hay, 8 quarts mangolds, and 4 to 6
quarts dry grain has been the average feed for cows in milk.

The Guernsey cow, "Pops Sweetheart," dropped her last
calf Oct. 9, 1890. Milk record from Oct. 9,; 1890 to Sept.
1, 1891, 4648i- lbs.

Milk record for Ayshire cow "Julianna," for the month
of August, 1891, 956 lbs., weight of cow, 875i lbs.

Milk record for Ayshire cow, "Mildred," in 1890, 5888
lbs., first 10 days of Sept., 1891, 379 lbs.

Milk record for Grade cow, -'Marble," dropped her last
<jalf Jan. 20, 1891, yield of milk in 253 days, 5087 lbs.

STATEMENT OF JAMES C. POOR.

The summer feed for these cows has been pasture with 2
•quarts cotton seed meal once a day, and since Aug. 10, a
feed of fodder corn morning and night. The winter feed
was hay and corn fodder, with six quarts of grain a day,
consisting of bran, cottonseed and corn(cob) meal, equal
parts, watered twice a day.

29

Milk record of Holstein cow, Betty 2nd, dropped her calf
August 20, 1891, and in twenty days in September gave
1051 lbs. of milk.

STAEMENT OF WILLIAM A. RUSSELL.

Summer feed, 3 quarts corn and cotton-seed meal, two
parts corn and one part cotton-seed. Corn fodder and hay
morning and night. Winter feed ensilage and hay once a
day, 6 quarts grain, mixed, equal parts corn, and cotton-
seed meal, and bran a day ; watered twice a day.

Queen Ruiter dropped her last calf Nov. 14th, 1890, is
due to calve, Jan. 8, 1892. From Nov. 20, 1890, to Sept.
1, 1891, she has given 12,192^ lbs. of milk, and is now giv-
ing 30 lbs. milk per day.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Herds of Milch Cows have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :

•118. First premium, to Leverett Swan, Methuen, for herd

of one grade Holstein, and four grade Ayshire cows.

il2. Second premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for five Ayshire cows.
Diploma and 115 to William A. Russell, No. Andover, for
five Holstein-Fresian cows.
Eben'r Webster, Andrew Mansfield, H. L. Burpee, S. B.
George — Committee.

STATEMENT OF LEVERETT SWAX.

Herd of 5 cows, "Lizzie," age 12 years, grade Ayshire,
raised by myself, last year's milk record 4275 quarts.

"Fairmaid," bred and raised by L. Swan, age 7 years,
grade Ayshire, milk record for past year 4015 quarts.

"Florence,'' raised by L. Swan, age 15 years, grade
Ayshire and Holstein, milk record for past year 3617 quarts.

"Creeper," grade Ayshire, bred and raised by L. Swan,
age 5 years, milk record past year 3107 quarts.

"Julia," grade Ayshire, bred and raised by L. Swau, age
5 years, milk record, past year, 2493 quarts.

This herd runs in pasture and fall feed, with nearly one
bushel of brewery grain, and two quarts of gluten and
cotton-seed meal per day.

Total amount of milk for the herd for one year, 17,507
quarts.

STATEMENT OF J. D. W. FKENCH.

''Roxanna 8th, 8536 A. R., 6 years old ; in milk 273
days, yield 5670 lbs ; dropped last calf, Dec. 7, 1890 ; due
to calve Nov, 7.

"Fedalma," No. 8231, A. R., 7 years old; in milk 273
days, yield 4985i lbs.; dropped last calf Dec. 30, 1890 ; due
to calve Dec. 7.

"Molly Burke," 8546, A. R., 6 years old ; in milk 244
d^ys, yield 4709 lbs.; dropped last calf Jan. 30, 1891 ; due
to calve Jan. 10.

"Princess Rose," No. 10,163, A. R., 3 years old ; in milk
273 days, yield 4254 lbs. ; dropped last calf Aug.. IG, 1890 ;
due to calve Jan, 8 ; yield of milk from Aug. 16, 1890, to
Sept. 1, 1891, 7403i lbs.

"Nellie Day," 6745, A. R., 10 years old ; in milk 254
days ; yield 3969 lbs.; dropped last calf Aug. 10, 1891,
previous calf, May 9, 1890. Yield of milk from May 9th,
to July 10, 1891, 9008 lbs.

The record of yield extends from Jan. 1, 1891, to Sept.
1, 1891 (8 months). Some of the cows being dry part of
time. — Total yield of milk from Jan. 1, 1891, to Sept. 1,
1891, 23,587i lbs.

For statement of feed, see milch cows.

STATEMENT OF WILLIAM A, RUSSELL,

I enter for herd of milch cows, Holstein-Fresian cows,
'^Lady Shepard," No. 1586. "Belle Fairfax," 1117. "Esther
Shepard," No. 3008. "Queen Ruiter," No, 4488. "Lady
Bess," L051.

31

"Lady Shepard" calved Aug. 14. "Belle Fairfax," Aug.
2. "Esther Shepard," Aug. 15, "Lady Bess," July 19.
"Queen Ruiter," Nov. 14, 1890.

"Lady Shepard's'" milk record for the past three years is
13,168 lbs., 12,274 lbs., and 14,250 lbs., respectively, and
from Aug. 18th to Sept. 20, 1891, 1795 lbs.

"Belle Fairfax's" milk record for the past three years is
14,557 lbs., 15,157 lbs. and 14,500 lbs., respectively, and
from Aug. 10 to Sept. 20, 1891, is 2320 lbs.

''Esther Shepard's" 4 years old milk record is 12,110^
lbs.; from Aug. 16 to Sept. 20, 1891, is 1702^ lbs.

"Queen Ruiter's" milk record for season of 1889-90
13,235 lbs., and from Nov. 20, 1890, to Sept. 1, 1891,
12,192ilbs.

"Lady Bess's" milk record for the past 2 years has been
11,952 lbs., and 12,535 lbs.; from Aug. 1st to Sept. 20th,
2100 lbs.

For feed see statement under milch cows.
Respectfully submitted,

William A. Russell,
By Jas. C. 'Poor, Manager.

' HEIFERS— PURE BRED.

The Committee on Heifers, Pare Bred, have attended to
rlieir duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
ihey have made the following awards :
19. First premium, to J. F. Gulliver, Andover, for 3 year

old Jersey heifer, "Sadie De Bonair," No. 58,672.
15. First premium, to J. F. Gulliver, Andover, for Jersey

heifer calf, 4 months old.
1)9. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for

Ayshire heifer in milk, "Princess Rose," No. 10,163,

3 years old.
$6. Second premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for Ayshire heifer, "Fedelma," No. 10,511, 3 years

old.

32

$5. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for Ayshire heifer, "Azalia," No. 10,968, 2 years

old.
$5. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for

Ayshire heifer, "Tessa," No. 10,972, 20 months old-
$4. Second premium, J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for

Ayshire heirer, "Rose Blossom," No. 10,971, 1 year

old.
i5. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for

Ayshire heifer calf, 9 months old.
$4. Second premium, to Maurice H. Connor, West

Newbury, for Ayshire heifer, "Brunette," 3rd,

yearling.
$4. Second premium, to Wm. A. Russell, No. Andover,

for Holstein heifer, 2 years old.
$5. First premium, to Wm. A. Russell, No. Andover, for

Holstein heifer calf.
•t6. Second premium, to Wm. A. Russell. No Andover, for

Holstein heifer in milk, 2 years old.
f9. First preminm, to Jas. C. Poor. No. Andover, for

Holstein heifer in milk, 3 years old.
$5. First premium, to Jas. C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Holstein heifer, 2 years old.
■"$6. Second premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Jersey

heifer, 28 months old.
15. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Jersey

heifer, 14 months old.
|4. Second premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Jersey

heifer, 1 year old.
i4. Second premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Hol-
stein heifer calf, 4 months old.
$5. First premium, to F. H. Foster, Andover, for Guern-
sey heifer, 9091, 1 year old.
James Noyes, E. K. Brown, Daniel A. Carlton — Com-
mittee.

HEIFERS— NATIVE OR GRADE.

The Committee on Heifers, native or grade, have attend-
ed to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
$b. First premium, to George Ripley, Andover, for grade

Jersey heifer.
f 4. Second premium, to John F. Higgins, Middleton, for

native heifer calf.
^9, First premium, to Lewis Albegett, No. Andover, for

grade Ayshire heifer, in milk, 3 years old.
f 4. Second premium, to James J. Abbott, No. Andover,

for grade Jersey heifer, 2 years old.
$4. Second premium, to W. S. Huges, No. Andover, for

grade Jersey heifer, 17 months old.
$5. First premium, to D. M. Ayer, Methuen, for grade

Holstein heifer, 2 years old.
Chas. S. Emerton, D. L. Haskell, Doane Cogswell, W.
H. Hopkinson, Henry A. Hay ward — Committee.

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

The Committee on Working Oxen and Steers have
attended to tlieir duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
ifl2. First premium, to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for pair of

Hereford oxen, 5 years old, weight 8950 lbs.
ilO. Second premium, to Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton,
for pair brindle oxen, 7 years old, weight 2675 lbs.
88. Third premium, to A. W. Peabody, Middleton, for
pair red oxen, 7 years old, weight 3810 lbs.
flO. First premium, to B. H. Farnham, No. Andover, for
pair working steers, 4 years old, weight 2840 lbs.
16. Second premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for
pair of Holstein working steers.
Eugene L. Wildes, B. F. Eaton, M. H. Poor, Richard S.
Bray — Committee.

34

STEERS.

The Committee on Steers have attended to their duty^
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have^
made the following awards :
$8. First premium, to B. W. Farnham, No. Andover, for

3 year old steers.
$6. Second premium, to B. H. Farnham, No. Andover, for

3 year old steers.
85. Second premium, to Wm. C. Christopher, Middleton,

for pair 2 year old steers.
S. Longfellow, R. Jacques, N, W. Moody, G. L. Averill
— Committee.

STALLIONS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

The Committee on Stallions for driving purposes have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
reiary that they have made the following awards.
$10. First premium, to William S. Messerve, Haverhill, for

bay stallion, "Little Phil."
$6. Second premium, to Charles A. Luut, West Newbury,

for seal brown stallion, " Gladstone."
Diploma and !ffl5. To J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, for

stallion of any age or breed, with five of his stock,

for stallion, " Essex Hambletoniau."
0. S. Butler, S. F. Newman, Geo. B. Blodgett — Commit-
tee.

BROOD MARES— FARM PURPOSES.
The Committee on Brood Mares for farm purposes have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards .
$10. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for gray
mare.
$6. Second premium, to B. H. Farnham, No. Andovery
for gray mare.

3d

$4. Third premium, to John H. George, Metbueii, for
sorrel mare, weight 1250 lbs.
W. F. Kinsman, C. L. Tozier, H. H. Demsy — Committee.

BROOD MARES— DRIVING PURPOSES.

The Committee on Brood Mares for Driving purposes

have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the

Secretary that they have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to Peter Holt, jr.. No. Andover, for

Hambletonian mare, " Fanny."

i)6. Second premium, to J. G. McAlUster, Lawrence, for

brood mare," Linda."
II. Third premium, to Towne Brothers, Bradford, for
brood mare.
Albert Kimball, 0. S. Butler, S. F. '^Q^m^n— Commit-
tee.

FAMILY HORSES.
The Committee on Famil}^ Horses have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to M. C. Andrews, Andover, for
brown mare, '' Princess."
$6. Second premium, to Maurice H. Connor, West New-
bury, for mare, " Nellie.*'
$4. Third premium, to William K. Cole, Boxford, for
bay mare.
David Pingree, L. E. Nickerson, Story D. Pool, Wm. P.
Bailey — Committee.

GENTS' DRIVING HORSES.
The Committee on Gentlemen's Driving horses have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :.

36

#10. First premium, to Byron G. Kimball, Bradford, for
gray mare, '• Starlight."
$=G. Second premium, to Charles C. Clarke, Lawrence,

for HambJetonian mare, " Milly."
$4. Tliird premium, to M. C. Andrews, Andover, for

Knox mare, " Cyclone."
J. Otis Winkley, David Warren, Joseph Shattuck — Com-
mittee.

SINGLE FARM HORSES.
The Committee on Single Faim Horses have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the lollowing awards :
S'lO. First j)remium, to Jolin II. Perkins, Lynnfield, for
bay mare, " Maude," weight 1200 lbs.
$G. Second premium, to Moses H. Poor, West Newbury,

for draft horse, weight 1210 lbs.
^4. Third premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for
draft horse, weight 1210 lbs.
$10. First premium, to Fred Symonds, No. Andover, for

black horse, weight 1000 lbs.
^6. Second premium, to W. J. Currier, Danvers, for
draft horse, weight 1050 lbs.
Nathan F. Abbott, W^m. R. Roundy, E. P. Barrett—
■Committee.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES WEIGHING LESS THAN

2500 LBS.
The Committee on Pairs of Farm Horses have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :

First premium to Maurice H. Connor, West New-
bury, for horses weighing 2250 lbs.
f=8. Second premium to J. Horace Nason, Boxford, for
horses weighing 2400 lbs.
Albert Berry, Charles Ilaseltine— /o?- the Committee.

2>7

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES— THREE AND FOUR
YEARS OLD.

The Committee on Colts for Farm purposes three and
four years old have attended to their duty, and respectfully
report to the Secretary that they have made the following
award :

88. First premium, to Maurice H. Connor, West New-
bury, for bay mare colt, 4 years old.

James E. Page, H. M. Goodrich— yVr [he Committee.

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES, ONE AND TWO
YEARS OLD.
The Committee on Colts for Farm purpose?, one and two
years old have attended to their duty, and respectfully re-
port to the Secretary that they have made the following-
awards :
-18. First premium, to Miclmael Dwyer, Methuen,for 2 year

old filley.
15. Second premium, to Maurice H. Connor, West New-
bury, for 2 year old colt, '' Major," weight 960 lbs.
|5. First premium, to R. T. Jaques, Newbury, for year-
ling colt.
$3. Second premium, to Harley E. Meade, No. Andover,.
for yearling colt.
William S. Phillips, jr., Henry Hobbs, Aaron Sawyer —
Commitlee.

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES, THREE AND
FOUR YEARS OLD.
The Committee on Colts for Driving purposes, three and
four years old, have attended to their duty, and respect-
fully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :

i8. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for chestnut
mare colt, 4 years old.

38

•ii^S. Second premium to L. F. Moulton, for 4 year old

colt.
$6. First premium, to Byron G. Kimball, Bradford, for

bay colt, " Thornless," 3 years old.
$3. Second premium, to C. Moynihan, Newbury, for

brown colt, 3 years old.
T. P. Harriman, C. Plarrington, D. Bradstreet — Commit-
tee.

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES, '*ONE AND TWO
YEARS OLD.

The Committee on Colts for Driving purposes one and
•two years old have attended to their duty, and respectfully
report to the Secretary that they have made the following
awards :
$8. First premium, to J. G, McAllister, Lawrence, for 2

year old colt.
15. Second premium, to W. H. & L. J. Tufts, Middleton,

for Black Stallion Colt, 2 years old, S. X.
$5. First premium, to J. E. Bicknel, jr., Lawrence, for

chestnut colt 1 year old.
$3. Second premium, to J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, for

yearling colt, " Lawrence Cyclone."
$3. Third premium, to' Benj. Pearson, jr., New])ury, for

sorrel stallion colt 2 years old.
S. n. Bailey. F. A. Rus?ell, Charles A. Mason— Co?w-
miltee.

SWINE -LARGE BREEDS.

The Committee on Swine, large breeds, have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to tlie Secretary that
they have made tlie following. awards.

18. First premium, to J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, for
Chester white l)oar.

•i8. First premium, to J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, for

Chester white sow.
$8. First premium, to Alfred G. Playdon, Andover, for

Chester white sow and pigs.
•^8. First premium, to Geo. E. Littlefield, Salisbury, for

English Berkshire boar.
^5. Second premium, to Geo. E. Littlefield, Salisbury, for

litter of 7 weaned pigs.
f 8. First premium, to Geo. E. Littlefield, Salisbury, for

English Berkshire sow.
^5. Second premium, to Geo. E. Littlefield Salisbury for

Chester white sow.
'$8. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

litter weaned pigs.
$8. First premium, to M. B. Chesley, Amesbury, for

Chester white boar.
$5. Second premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Ches-
ter white sow.
^5. Second premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for

Chester white boar.
John S. Crosby, George A. Dow, John Barker, A. A.

Rutherford — Committee.

SWINE-SMALL BREEDS.

The Committee on Swine, small breeds, have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards .

.f8. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for
small Yorkshire boar, Reg. No. 739.

J. M. Pearl, N. S. Harris, John A. Ellis — Committee.

SHEEP.

The Committee on Sheep have attended to their duty,
«nd respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards:

40

810. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for
twelve grade black faced ewes.
$8. First premium to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for Oxfordshire buck.
•16. First premium, to C. H. Tenney, Methuen, for 10
Oxford-down lambs, 5 months old.
Jos. H. Blunt, Frank Marsh, Virgil Dow — Committee.

POULTRY.

The Committee on Poultry have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that tliey have
made the following awards:
$2 and diploma. To Frank E. Dresser, Lawrence, for

breeding pen and pair Partridge Cochin chicks.
$2. First premium, to Joseph Pearson, Newbury, for pair

white Plymouth Rock chicks.
$2. First premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for Tou-
louse geese.
$2. First premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Toulouse goslings.
$2. First premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Embden geese.
$2. First premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Creeper fowls.
81. Second premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Creeper chicks.
■fl. Second premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Toulouse gosliugs.
$1. Second premium, to Joseph Pearson, Newbury, for

White Plymouth Rock fowls.
.f2. First premium, to M. B. Bailey, Topsfield, for Indian

game fowls.
81. Second premium, to W. S. Hughs, No. Andover, for

pair Plymouth Rock chicks.
$2. First premium, to A. L. Grillin, Lawrence, for Black

Minorcas.

41

$2. First premium, to A. L. Griffin, Lawrence, for Barred

Plymouth Rocks.
$2. First premium, to A. L. Griffin, Lawrence, for Mottled

Minorca chicks.
12. First premium, to K. B. Smith, No. Andover, for

Pekin ducks.
$1. Second premium, to B. B. Smith, No. Andover, for

White Leghorn chicks.
•12. First premium, to R. B. Smith, No. Andover, for pen

White Leghorns.
-SI. Second premium, to R. B. Smith, No. Andover, for

White Leghorns.
$2. First premium, to G. P. Wilkins, Middleton, for pair

Bronze turkeys.
'$2. First premium, to Geo. B. Parkhurst, Boxford, for

Light Brahma chicks.
-i;l. Second premium, to Geo. B. Parkhurst, Boxford, for

pair White Wyandottes.
$2. First premium, to Joseph Pearson, Newbury, for Ply-
mouth Rocks.
$1. Gratuity, to R. B. Smith, No. Andover, for Game

chicks.
$1. Gratuity, to Moses B. Abbott, Andover, for White

Plymouth Rock chicks, 16 weeks old.
M. A. Plummer, Lewis P. Hawkes," W. Burke Little—
Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAMS.

The Committee on Ploughing with Double teams have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
1)10. First premium, to J. P. Little, Amesbury, 4 oxen,
Landside plough.
^S. Second premium, to B. H. Farnham, No. Andover, 2
oxen and horse, Landside plough.
David M. Cole, Richard Bray, Abel Stickney— Commit-

tee.

42

PLOUGHING SINGLE OX TEAMS.

The Committee on Plouo;hing, Single Ox Teams have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that the}' have made the following award :
810. Fir^-t premium, to Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton,
Landside plough.

As there was hut one entry, your committee made ex-
amination of the lands j)loughed and the work done by
oihrr teams, and were convinced that Mr. Christopher had
the most uneven land of all the lots ploughed, and that he
did as good work in every particular as was done by any
other team, therefore they award him the first premium.

/Vmos ILiseltine, VV. C. Allyn, Wm. H. Greenleaf — Corn-
in i/ fee.

PLOUGHING SWIVEL PLOUGH, DOUBLE OX
TEAMS.

The Committee on Ploughing with Swivel Plough Double
Ox Teams have attended to their duty, and. respectfully re-
port to the Secretary that they have made the following
award :

•"^10 First premium, to Farnham and Wilkins, Topsfield,
with 4 oxen.

Joseph S. Howe, Joshua H. Chandler, C. D. Ordway —
Cominitiee.

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES, SWIVEL PLOUGH.
The Committee on Ploughing with Horses, Swivel
Plough, have attended to their duty and respectfully
report to the Secretary that they have made the following
awards :

'SIO. First premium, to A. M. Pvobinson, No. Andover, 2
horses, 76, A. plough.
SS Second premium, to I. C. Brown, Methuen, 2 horses,
Yankee swivel plough.
John H. George, Albert Berry, C. M. Sawyer— Co?ww27-
tee.

43

PLOUGHING WITH SINGLE OX TEAMS, SWIVEL

PLOUGH.

The Committee on Ploughing with Single Ox Teams,
Swivel Plough, have attended to their duty, and respect-
fully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following award:

flO. First premium, to A. W. Peabody,, Middleton, for
Hubbell plough.

James J. H. Gregory— ^or the Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH THREE HORSES.

The Committee on Ploughing with Three Horses have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retaiy that they have made the following award :
|tO. First premium, to Maurice H. Connor, West New-
bury, Oliver chilled plough.

S. F. Newman, David Warren, Carlton Little — Ccmmit-
iee.

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOUGH.

The Committee on Ploughing with Sulky Plough have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
110. First premium, to Fred A. Russell, Methuen, Syracuse
sulky.
fS. Second premium, to Geo. E. Kline, LaAvrence, Syra-
cuse sulky.
Aaron Low, A. P. Fuller, A. B. Fellows, M. C. Andrews,
George B. Austin — Committee.

HARROWS.

The Committee on Harrows have attended to their duty

44

and respectfully report to the Secret;uy that they have
made the following awards :

$10. Fh-st premium to F. A. Russell, Methuen, for "Cli-
max'' Harrow.
•18. Second premium, to Henry Newhall & Co., Dan vers,
for Spring Tooth Harrow.
Sherman Nelson— /or t/ie Coinmiitee.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

The Committee on Agricultural Implements have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards.
ilO. First premium to Henry Newhall & Co., Danvers, for
collection of implements.

$7. Second premium, to M. E. Austin, Lawrence, for col-
lection of implements.

§5. First premium, to S. J. Pedlar, Methuen, for a two
horse cart.

$5. First premium, to George E. Daniels, Rowley, for a
one horse cart.

•$3. First premium, to George E. Daniels, Rowley, for a
two horse farm wagon.

$3. Gratuity, to S. D. Hinxman, No. Andover, for a two-
horse farm cart.

$5. Gratuity, to George E. Daniels, Rowley, for market
wagon.

$2. Gratuity, to H. H. Spofford, Groveland, for a two-
horse wagon.

.S3. Gratuity, to H. H. Spofford, Groveland, for a one
horse cart.

*2. Gratuity, to H. G. Sears, Danvers, for a one or two-
horse farm wagon.

.$L Gratuity, to J. I). Dodge, Rowley, for a set of marsh
shoes.

m. Gratuity, to S. J. Pedlar, Methuen, for 1 set 1 wheel
and axle.

45

f5. Gratuity, to the Lawrence Hardware Co., for

creamery.
f|5. Gratuity, to F. M. Victor, Lawrence, for collection.

Geo. E. Johnson, Daniel Brickitt, B. F. Stanley

(Jommitlee.

CARRIAGES.

The committee on Carriages have attended to their
■duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
f5. Gratuity, to F. A. Snow & Son, Lawrence, for one

two-seated Democrat wagon.
■$5. Gratuity, to J. W. Joyce & Co., Lawrence, for one

furniture wagon.
$2. Gratuity, to T. P. Harriraan, Andover, for one light

market wagon.
Henry Hobbs, James Wilson, Aaron Sawyer — Co}Ji?nit-
iee.

IN EXHIBITION HALL.

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.

The Exhibition of the Society-, in the City Hall at
Lawrence, September, 1891, was a decided success, al-
though the entries in some departments were much small-
er than usual. Only one-third as many entries were made
in the fancy work department as were made the previous
year, and in the rug and counterpane departments about
one-half as many. But as we stated in our report of last
year, the merit of an exhibition does not consist in the
large number of articles exhibited, so much as in the
qualit3\ In this respect the exhibition in the above
named departments was fully equal to any former year,
and was a decided improvement in the fact that most of
the articles entered were so far meritorious as to fully
justify their being entered. It was quite a relief to the
committee to find so few entries which they would desire
to exclude. We would advise that no one person in
bringing fancy work should enter too large a number of
articles, but make a selection of such articles as are most
worthy of notice.

In the department of fancy work it is necessary to pro-
tect the articles entered by placing them either in the
wire covered cases which the society now owns or in
glass cases. The cases owned by the society, are not suf-
ficient, and it is necessary to borrow each year. This is
difficult as those who own cases usually have them in use.
Six cases in addition to those now owned b}- the society
are needed. Would it not be advisable to authorize the
secretary either to have that number made or to purchase

47

as he may have opportunity at a low price, such as would
be suitable. Many articles entered in the art department
need to be placed in cases.

More than the usual interest was taken in the bread
and dair}^ room by reason of a special premium offered by
Mr. Whitney of Lawrence, of 115 for the best loaf of
bread, is^lO for the best pound of butter, and $d for the
heaviest dozen of eggs. The offer was an exceedingly
generous one, and was the occasion of especial interest in
that department of the exhibition.

A good show of apples was made, quite as good as
usual perhaps, and yet tlie liberal premiums and gratuities
offered by the society ought to be an inducement for
growers of fruit to make a more careful selection and for
those who have choice specimens of any one kind to enter
them. More than three hundred square feet of table
room was covered with plates of. apples. Probably two-
thirds of this space would have held all that could be
called of especially superior quality. Many fine speci-
mens were shown of most of the kinds for which gratui-
ties and premiums are offered. There are many exhibitors
who never fail to enter choice fruit and who will enter
none that is not worthy of notice. But there are many
entries made which do not add to the attractiveness of
the exhibition.

On the pear tables, notwithstanding the great quantity
of pears grown this season, the quantity entered was not
large. Many fine samples were shown of most of the
kinds in general favour.

An excellent show of peaches was made, and a fair ex-
hibit of grapes.

The usual difficulty of marking fruit so that each plate
shall have and retain the name of the owner, still exists.
Cards will get misplaced until some way is devised by
which they can be securely attached to the plate. It is
extremely annoying to one who enters a fine plate of fruit
to find his card exchanged. These changes are usually

48

made by careless visitors, who in taking up a card put it
on the wrong plate, but the annoyance is as great to the
owner, who only knows that the change has been made,
and cannot know how it was done.

The vegetable department was in the basement of the
City Hall, and an excellent show was made. Mr. Bradley
and his assistant, who liad the arrangement of this depart-
ment, gave especial attention to the same and arranged
each kind of vegetables in groups, making the awarding
of prizes and gratuities much easier for the committee,
and more attractive to visitors. The baskets purchased
for use in this department were of great convenience as
each could be marked with a tag which would remain.

A good variety of plants and flowers was entered for
premium, among which were many fine specimens which
added much to the attractiveness of the exhibition.
Thornton Brothers of Lawrence occupied the platform
with a great variety of beautiful plants and flowers ar-
ranged in fine taste, forming an especially interesting fea-
ture but these were not entered for premium.

Many articles of manufacture in small wares of various
kinds were entered Avorthy of especial notice. Tliis por-
tion of the exhibition should be largely increased. An
exhibit of files, horse shoes, tools, etc. in this department
represent a class of manufactures which it is especially de-
sirable to encourage.

The exhibit of lamps and various articles in bronze
entered by Craighead & Kintz Co., of paper and envel-
opes exhibited in connection with and including the
wood from which they were made in its various processes
of reduction to pulp, by the Russell Paper Manufacturing
Co., of braids made by the Wright Manufacturing Co., of
Lawrence, were especially noticeable features worthy of
especial mention.

But that part of the exhibition which first attracted the
attention of visitors on entering the hall, and which gave
especial character to the general exhibit and made the ex-

49

hibition as a whole, the most attractive which has been
made by the society, was that of the Pacific, Everett, Ar-
lington, Atlantic and Pemberton Mills. The great variety.
and excellent styles of dress goods made by a [)ortion of
these mills, furnishes an opportunity by a skillful arrange-
ment of the same, of making an exceedingly beautiful
show, and also of furnishing to visitors, an object lesson
of especial interest, in showing the great advance which
has been made in the manufacture of dress fabrics in this
flourishing city of less than half the age of this society.
The managers of these mills deserve the thanks of this
society for their efforts which contributed so largely to
the success of this exhibition. An exhibition of hosiery
with a machine for knitting the same, by the Lawrence
Hosiery Co ., attracted much attention. The goods shown
were of excellent quality.

By the kindness of the Mayor of Lawrence and of those
associated with him the common council room was placed
at the disposal of the committee for the art exhibit, fur-
nishing ample room to arrange this department of the
exhibition.

The exhibit of oil paintings was quite good and an un-
usually large entry was made of hand painted ware of
decidedly meritorious work.

A new feature for this society was the grange exhibit
in the vestry of the Baptist church, which formed a part
of the general exhibit of the society. The room of the
vestry was divided into five sections which were occupied
b}' the Andover, North Andover, Methuen, Haverhill and
Boxford granges. Each grange occupied the space as-
signed to it and arranged the same in accordance with the
taste and judgment of its members. Fruit, vegetables,
counterpanes, rugs and fancy work were found in each
grange, making of this department an interesting and at-
tractive exhibition.

It is probably true that some portion of the hall ex-
hibit might have been more fully represented had it not

been for the grange department, yet the exhibition as a
whole was undoubtedly more successful, and the interest
taken by the members of the several granges also con-
tributed largely to the general interest. If the exhibition
is held in Lawrence another year, the departments which
have been referred to as deficient will probably be fully
represented, especially that of fancy work, as it is known
that this class of goods will be protected from injury.

The several granges having made a successful exhibit
in connection with the society, the individual members
will become interested in its work. The work of the so-
ciety has gradually advaiiced and extended ; and with
such variety of manufacturing and. mechanical interests
as exist in the County, the interest in fancy work and
works of art, the cultivation of plants and flowers com-
bined with the products of the farm and orchard, all find-
ing an opportunity for exhibition in the annual gathering
of this society, cannot fail of making it an occasion of
general interest.

The assistant superintendent with the ladies and gen-
tlemen appointed to assist in arranging the articles in the
hall, nearly all responded promptly for duty and rendered
efficient service.

Respectfully submitted,

AMOS MERRILL, Superintendent of Hall.

DAIRY.

The Committee on Dairy have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
•18. First premium, to Mrs. C. N. Gowen, West Newbury,

^or 5 ll)s. butter.
>ifQ. Second piemium, to Mrs. W. K. Cole, Boxford, for 5

lbs. butter.
'>4. Third iJreiuium, to Glen Creamery, Rowley, for

butter.
John K. Bancroft, Mrs. B. H. Farnham — Cornmittee.

51

BREAD AND CANNED FRUIT.

The Committee on Bread and Canned Fruit have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
^3. First premium, to Mrs. A. L. Wales, Groveland, for

wheat bread.
$2. Second premium, to Mrs. J. A. Davis, Amesbury,

for wheat bread.
f 1. Third premium, to Miss S. Alice George, Grove-
land, for wheat bread.
f 1. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. W. Gowing, West Newbury, for

wheat bread.
f 1. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. M. Barker, No. Andover, for

wheat bread.
$2. First premium, to Mrs. E. Hazeltine, Haverhill, for

graham bread.
fl. Second premium, to Annie Horsch, Rowley, for

graham bread.
$1. Second premium, to Louisa Bailey, Andover, for

brown bread.
#3. First premium, to L. H. Bassett, No. Andover, for

canned fruit.
$2. Second premium, to Mrs. Lizzie Wilson, Beverly, for
canned fruit and jellies.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Joseph Poor, Andover, for pickles.
Mrs. N. E. Ladd, Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Mrs. J. Warren
Moor — Committee.

STATEMENT OF MRS. A. L. AVALES, FIRST PREMIUM^
WHEAT BREAD.

One quart of flour, one half pint each of milk and water,
one fourth of compressed yeast cake, dissolved in one
half cup warm water, one small tablespoonful each of salt
and sugar, one teaspoonful of shortening, melted in the
pint of warm water, mix and knead well at night, rise un-
til morning, shape for tin, rise again until about twice its
size, bake 45 minutes.

STATEMENT OF MRS. J. A. DAVIS, SKCO>^D PREMIUM,
WHEAT BREAD.

Flour used "Bridal Veil," one quart of flour, one table-
spoonful of sugar, one teaspoonful of salt, one-quarter
of compressed yeast cake. Mix flour, sugar and salt, dis-
solve yeast in a little warm water, and stir it into the
flour, stir into the mixture enough luke warm water to
handle neatly with the hands, and knead fifteen minutes,
return it to the bowl and rise four hours, then knead ten
minutes and form it in a loaf, rise again until double the
original size and bake forty minutes with a steady heat.

STATEMENT OF MISS S. ALICE GEORGE, GROVBLAND, THIRD-
PREMIUM, WHEAT BREAD.

Three pints Haxall flour, one pint milk, half cake com-
pressed 3^east, one tablespoonful of sugar, a heaping tea-
spoonful of salt, knead ten minutes, then rise it seven
liours, put it in the pan with as little kneading as possible,
and rise an hour and one half, then bake forty minutes.

STATEMENT OF MRS. EDWIN M. HASELTINE FOR FIRST
PREMIU3I, GRAHAM BREAD.

Three cups graham flour, three cups Haxall flour, one
teaspoonful of salt, two tablespoonfuls of molasses, one
cup of milk, one cup of water and one fourth of a cup of
yeast made into a sponge. Mix and let rise over night,
in the morning knead well and let it rise again, then
knead, put into tins and let rise three fourths of an hour,
bake three fourths of an hour.

STATEMENT OF ANNIE C. HORSCH, ROWLEY, FOR SECOND
PREMIUM, GRAHAM BREAD.

At night take one ([uart of cool milk which has been
scalded, one half cup sugar, two thirds cup of yeast, one
tablespoonful salt, enough Glen Mills improved graham
flour to stir stiff with a spoon. In the morning cut it

r t I

DO

down with a knife, knead it into shape, let it rise until
light, then put it into tins, when at the top bake until
done.

STATEMENT OF LOUISA BAILEY, INDOVER, FOR SECOND
PREMIUM, r.ROWX BREAD.

Three cups of Haxall flour, three cups of Indian meal,
one cup of molasses, two teaspoonfuls of salaratus, one
pint sour milk and a little salt. Steam three and one half
hours.

STATEMENT OF L. H. BASSETT, NO. ANDOVER, FOR FIRST
PREMIUM CANNED FRUIT.

The goods exhibited by me are what is called cold
packed goods, all the fruit is prepared and then packed
in the jars, the jars are then filled with syrup full, the
cover and rubber ring are put on and half sealed, then
they are put into cold water and slowly boil the water
the proper length of time, thej^ are then taken out and
sealed at once.

STATEMENT OF MRS. LIZZIE J. ATILSON, BEVERLY, SECOND
PREMIUM, FOR CANNED FRUIT AND JELLIES.

Having secured the first and most important contribu-
tion to the manufacture of preserves, the fruit, the next
consideration is the preparation of the syrup in which the
fruit'is to be suspended^ and this requires much care ; the
principle thing to be acquainted with is the fact that in
proportion as the syrup is longer boiled, its water will be-
come evaporated and its consistency will be thicker. (The
best sugar is the most economical for preserves) The syrup,
a solution of sugar prepared by dissolving two parts of
sugar to one of boiling water ; boil ten minutes, when it
begins to swell and boil up throw in a little cold water, do
this three or four times, then strain, this is a syrup which
neither ferments or crj^stalizes.

For Jellies — the fruit should first be washed, then cov-

54

ered with cold water and boiled until tender. Strain the
juice through a flannel bag and to every pint of juice add
one pound of sugar; the jell should be boiled twenty
minutes after the sugar is added. Current jelly require*
but eight minutes boiling.

SPECIAL I'llE.MlUM OFFERED BY MR. H. M. WHITNEY OF
LAWRENCE, FOR BREAD, BUTTER AND EGGS.

•fl5. First premium, tOjMrs. M. S.Wright of Lawrence, for

best loaf of bread.
•110. First premium, to^Mrs. C. W. Gowen of West New-
bury, for pound of best butter.
85. First premium, to Henry Phillips, Bradford, for one
dozen fresh hen's eggs, greatest weight, 41 ounces^
347^ grains.
Gilbert E. Hood, Mrs. Fred S. C. Herrick, Mrs. George
L. Averill — Committee.

HONEY.

The Committee on Honey have attended to their duty^
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

83. First premium, to John Barker, No. Andover.
$2. Second premium, to F. W. Poor, Haverhill.

E. A. Emerson, H. N. Harriman, Warren M. Cole —
Committee.

STATEMENT OF JOHN BARKER.

Tlie honey that I enter for premium was taken from
hives in July, 1891. I shall have 150 lbs. surplus honey
this season. I had twenty swarms in the fall of 1890 of
which fifteen swarms wintered, sold one swarm, and have
twenty swarms now, mostly in frame hives; kind, common
or black bees.

55

PEARS.

The Committee on Pears have attended to their duty,
and respectful!}^ report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
$3. First premium, to H. G. Herrick, Lawrence, for

Anjou pears.
$3. First premium, to Allen Burr, Lawrence, for Bosc

pears.
83. First premium, to A. C. Osborn, Peabody, for Belle

Lucrative pears.
$3. First premium, to Z. J. Chase, Lynn, for Sheldon

pears.
13. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Louis

Bonne pears.
'f3. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Vicar

pears.
$3. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Howell

pears.
$3. First pi-emium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Lawrence

pears.
13. First premium, to B. F. Stanley, Newburyport, for

Bartlett pears.
$3. First premium to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Onandaga pears.
$3. First premium, to G. W. Marsden, Lawrence, for

Clairgeau pears.
$3. First premium to Walter B. Allen, Lynn, for Urban-

iste pears.
$3. First premium, to E. F. Webster, Haverhill, for

Seckle pears.
16. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for collection

of pears.
11.50. Gratuity, to A. W. Stearns, Lawrence, for Anjou

pears.
$1.50. Gratuity, to J. W. Shirley, Methuen, for Seckle

pears.
$1.50. Gratuity, to Wra. Burke Little, Newbury, for Bosc

pears.

56

Ji^l.oO. Gratuity, to James Wilson, Topsfield, fur Oimnda-
ga pears.

•■^=1.50. Gratuity, to Wm. Tlurke Little, Newbury, for
Bartlett pears.

$1.50. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Bosc pears.

•i'LSO. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. ^Iclntire, Lawrence, for
Seckle pears.

f<3.00. Gratuity, to J. Henry Ilill, Amesbury, for collec-
tion of pears.

S2.00. Gratuity, to A. C. Lear, Danvers, for collection of
pears.
P. M. Neal-^or the Commitlee.

APPLES.
Tlie Committee on Apples have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the rfecrctary tliat they have
made the following awards :
><1.50. First premium, to Rose Buxton, Peabody, for Crab

apples,
•■-•o. First i)rcniiura, to C. C. Blunt, Andover, for Hulburf.
>-3. First premium, to M. Shea, Lawrence, for Gravens-

tein.
-". First premium, to G. F. .^'anoer, Pcal)ody, for Drap

D'Or.
^?y. First premium, to John Shehon, Lynn, for Baldwin.
f<3. First premium, to S. F. Xewman, Newbury, for Tol-

man Sweet.
S3. First premium, to D. 11. Ilsley, Newbury, for R( xbnry

Rnssct.
>!S. First premium, to Joseph Ilsley, Newbury, for Hunt's

Russet.
^'^. First premium, to Daniel C. Lunt, Newbury, for R. L

Gieening.
$3. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott. (or

Pickman Pippin.
-.. First premium, to E. F. Child^, Lawrence, for Porter.

57

$S. First preraium, to B. F. Huntington, Amcshuiy, for

Sweet Baldwin.
13. First premium, to Geo. D. Walton, Peabody, for King

of Tompkins.
$3. First premium, to T. C. Thurlovr, West Newbury, for

Danvers Sweet.
$3. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Granite Beauty.
13. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Bailey Sweet.
16. Fiist premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for best

collection of apples.
'f3. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Smith's Cider. '

13. First premium, to J. A. Montgomery, No. Andover,

for Hubbardston.
f 1. Gratuity, to Horace Carlton, Methuen, for Sweet Rus-
set.
•II. Gratuity, to C. H. Bell, Andover, for President's

Greening.
-II. Gratuity, to D. N. Cole, Boxford, for Gravensteins.
-11. Gratuity, to Patrick Lawson, Lawrence, for Riverside.
II. Gratuity, to M. Shea, Lawrence, for Maiden Blush.
$L Gratuity, to S. J. Chase, Lynn, for English Sweet.
II. Gratuity, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury, for Smith's

Cider.
|L Gratuity, to S. B. George, Groveland, for Groveland.
$L Gratuity, to S. B. George, Groveland, for Danvers

Sweet.
$1. Gratuity, to Abel H. Stickney, Groveland, for R. L

Greening
|1. Gratuity, to Abel H. Stickney, Groveland, for Hunt's

Russet.
II. Gratuity, to P. M. Hsley, Newbury, for Roxbury

Russet.
$L Gratuity, to S. G. Bailey, Andover, for Hubbardston.
$1. Gratuity, to E. F. Childs, Lawrence, for Baldwin.
50c. Gratuity, to M. E. Ladd, Groveland, for Crab apple.

58

i^l. Gratuity, to EbcnV Webster. Haverhill, for 20 Ounce,
81. Gratuity, to T. C. Tliurlow, West Newbury, lor Porter.
%1. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Aaiesbiiry, for King of
Tomj)kins.
John W. Allen, Walter B. Allen, S. B. Fall, B. F. Hunt-
ington— Committee.

PEACHES, GRAPES AND ASSORTED FRUIT.

The Committee on Peaches, Grapes ami Assorted Fruit
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$2.00. First premium, to E. H. Foster, Haverhill, for best

plate of peaches.
2.00. First premium, to B. F. Stanley, Newburyport, for

Seedling j)caches.
2.00. First premium, to John Barker, No. Andover, for

old Mixon peaches.
1.50. Gratuity, to W. H. Hayes, No. Andover, for four

plates of peaches.
1.00. Gratuity, to Carrie E. Walton, Salem, for White
Flesh Freestone peaches.
50c. Gratuity, to Joseph Kline, Lawrence, for peaches.
50c. Gratuity, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover, for

Yellow Flesh peach.
50c. Gratuity, to Thomas S. Holmes, Lawrence, for late

Crawford peaches.
50c. Gratuity, to W. S. Huges, No. Andover, for Seedling.

peaches.
50c. Gratuity, to J. W. Goodell, Lynn, for Old Mixon-

peaches.
50c. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Yellow Flesh

j)eaches.
50c. Gratuity, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Seedling

peaches.
50c. Gratuity, to H. A. Southwick, Peabody, for Seedling
peaches.

59

50c. Gratuity, to B. H. Fariiham, No. Andover, for Yellow
Flesh peaches.
1.50. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for three plates

of peaches.
3.00. First premium, to Mrs. S. J. Barr, Lawrence, for

Martha grapes.
3.00. First premium, to John J. Ragan, Lawrence, for

Concord grapes.
3.00. First premium, to Warren P. Hutchinson, Danvers,

for Brighton grapes.
3.00. First premium, to Warren P. Hutchinson, Danvers,

for Niagara grapes.
3.00. First premium, to Warren P. Hutchinson, Danvers,

for Moore's early grapes.
3.00. First premium, to Warren P. Hutchinson, Danvers,

for Worden grapes
3.00. First premium, to Warren P. Hutchinson, Danvers,

for Hartford ProHfic grapes.
2.00. Gratuity to A. W. Stearns, Lawrence, for cold house

grapes.
1.50. Gratuity, to C. H. Hall, Methuen, for Orange quinces.
1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Orange quinces.
50c. Gratuity, to G. S. Armstrong, Lawrence, for Orange

quinces.
50c. Gratuity, to Cochickewick farm. No. Andover, for

Champion quinces.
1.00. Gratuity, to Eben S. Flint, Danvers, for blackberries.
3.00. Second premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for basket

assorted fruit.
50c. Gratuity, to J. W. Goodell, Lynn, for Imperial Gage

plums.
5^0c. Gratuity, to John Homer, Peabody, for Weaver

plums.
50c. Gratuity, to W. G. Mclntire, Lawrence, for Ponds

Seedling plums.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. N E. Ladd, Groveland, for Lom-
bard plums.

6o

50c. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for Lombard

plums.
50c. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Amcsliury, for Moore's

Arctic plums.
1.00. Gratuity, to C. H. & C. W. Mann, Methuen, for four
varieties of strawberry plants.
We would mention the plate of Japan Persimmons raised
by Ml-. John .S. Page of Apopka, Florida, formerly of Dan-
vers, l)ut having l)een grown without the County we could
not make any award.

Andrew Nichols, T. C. Thurlow, J. Henry Hill, J. W.
Goodell — Committee.

PLANTS AND FLOWERS.

The Committee on Plants and Flowers have attended to

their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that

they have made the following awards :

85.00. Second premium, to Edward Flynn, Lawrence, for
collection Foliage plants.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. A. L. Cain, Lynn, for 12 Sal-
piglossis in variety.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Geo. L. Burnham, No. An-
dover, for collection of Sweet Peas.

50c. Gratuity, to H. M. Moody, Andover, for Fig Tree.
50c. Gratuity, to E. E. Dorman, Methuen, for Calla.
50c. Gratuity, to G. L. Sheldon, Lawrence, for Cape Jes-
samine.

2.00. First premium, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury, for
collection o^ Phlox.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. R. Buxton, Peabody, for Gar-
den annuals, twelve varieties.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. R. Bailey, Lawrence, for
twelve Asters.

1.00. First premium, to E. & C. Woodman, Danvers, for

Carnation Pinks, six varieties.
50c. Gratuity, to Edward Flynn, Lawrence, for Roses.

6i

50c. Gratuity, to M. Wiiigate & Son, Lawrence, for Roses,
2.00. First premium, to Mrs. E. Haseltine, Haverhill, for

collection of Pansies, fifty specimens.
50c. Gratuity, to Lawrence Davenport, Lawrence, for

twelve Dahlias, six varieties.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. R. Buxton, Peabody, for

twelve double Petunias, six varieties.
1.00. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury, for twelve

Gladiolas.
50c. Gratuity, to G. A. Smith, Lawrence, for Gladiolas.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for twelve

double Geraniums.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain^, Lynn, for twelve

single Geraniums.
LOO. First premium, to Mrs. Oscar Young, No. Andover

for twelve Nasturtiums, six varieties.
2.00. First premium, to Mrs. E. Haseltine, Haverhill, for

twenty-four Pansies in varieties.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. O.-^car Young, No. Andover

for twenty-lour Double Zinnias.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. A. L. Cain, Lynn, for twentv-

four African Marigolds in variety.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. A. L. Cain, Lynn, for twenty-
four Dwarf French Marigolds.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. R. Buxton,* Peabody, for

twenty-four single Petunias in variety.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. A. F. Clark, Methuen, for

display of Coxcombs.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. R. Buxton, Peabody, for

twelve Scabiosas in variety.
5.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for collec-
tion of cut flowers, one hundred varieties.
3.00. Second premium, to Mrs. R. Buxton, Peabod}-, for

collection of cut flowers.
2.00. First premium, to B. F. Bickum, Haverhill, for pair

of Bouquets for vases.
1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. David Warren, Swampscott,

for pair Bouquets for vases.

62

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. R. Campbell, Lawrence, for Bou-
quet for vases.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. If. Tufts, Middleton, for basket
native flowers.
The committee wish to mention a fine display of flowers
on'the stage in the hall by Thornton Brothers of Lawrence,
including elegant designs, baskets, and specimen plants.

Edwin V, Gage, Charlotte N. S. Horner, L. P. Weston,
J. D. Kinssburv — Committee.

VEGETABLES.
The Committee on Vegetables have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
•13. First premium, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for Edmands

beets.
3.00. First pi-emium, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for Eclipse

beets.
3.00. First premium, to Virgil Dow, Methuen, for Dewiugs

beets.
3.00. First premium, to W. B. Little, Newbury, for Short

Horn carrot.
3.00. First premium, to W. B. Little, Newbury, for Long

Orange carrot.
3»00. First premium, to Warren K. Cole, Boxford, for half

long carrot.
3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Mangold

Wurtzels.
3.00. First premium, to H. A. Stiles, Middleton, for White

Flat turnip.
3.00. First premium, to 0. G. Cilley, Hamilton, for Purple

Top turnip.
3.00. First premium, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for parsnips.
3.00. First premium, to M. B. Abbott, Andover for White

ruta bagas.
3.00. First premium, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for Yellow

ruta bagas.

^3

5.00. First premium, to E. G. Hardy, Andover, for corn in
milk.

.3.00. First premium, to Cochickewick farm for sweet corn.

-3.00. First premium, to Andrew Lane, Rockport, for cran-
berries.

2.00. Second premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for cran-
berries.

1.00. Third premium, to H. M. Killam, Boxford, for cran-
berries.

1.00. Gratuity, to A. C. Cilley, Hamilton, for Koll Rabbi.

1.00. Gratuity, to S. C. Doble, Andover, for Mammoth
sweet corn.

5.00. Gratuity, to Cochickewick farm. No. Andover, for
collection of vegetables.
Wm. P. Bailey, 0. L. Kent— /or t/ie Committee.

$2.00. Second premium, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for
Drumhead Stone Mason cabbage.

3.00. First premium, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for Marble-
head squash.

2.00. Second premium, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for cauli-
flower.

3.00. First premium, to F. A. Russell, Methuen, for Bay
State squash.

1.00. Gratuity, to Rufus Goodwin, Haverhill, for Empire
State potatoes.

2.00. Second premium, to Cochickewick farm. No. Andover,
for deep head cabbage.

3.00. First premium, to Cochickewick farm, No. Andover,
for all seasons cabbage.

3.00. First premium, to Moses B. Abbott, Andover, for
cauliflower.

3.00. First premium, to Moses B. Abbott, Andover, for
Savoy cabbage.

3.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for
Early Rose potatoes.

1.00. Gratuity, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for Everett
potato.

64

3.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Marrow squash.
3.00. First premium, to G. S. Armstrong, Lawrence, for

Cantelope melon.
3.00. First premium, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for Sibley

squash.
3.00. First premium, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for Yellow

Flat onions.
3.00. First premium, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for Red

onions.
1.00. Gratuity, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for Marrow squash.
2.00. First premium, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for Salmon

Fleshed melon.
3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, J^ynn, for Acme

tomatoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to A. P. Fuller, No. Andovcr, for Essex

H^'brid squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to A. P. Fuller, No. Andover, for Clarke's

No. 1 potatoes.
3.00. First premium, to Chas. A. Mason, Beverly, for

Beauty of Hebron potatoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to L. S. Wilkins, Topsfield, for Champion

tomatoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to N. R. Bailey, Andover, for White Plume

celery.
2.00. First premium, to Virgil Dow, Methuen, for water

melon.
3.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Clarke's

No. I potatoes.
5.00. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehcad, for

collection of vegetables.
1.00. Gratuity, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Beauty of Heb-
ron potatoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Pearl of Savoy

potatoes.
2.00. First premium, to A. P. Fuller, No. Andover, for

Musk melon.

65

2.00. First premium, to John Maney, Lawrence, for White

Pin me celery.
1.00. Gratuity, to A. C. Cilley, Hamilton, for Early Rose

potatoes.
3.00. First premium, to A. C. Cilley, Hamilton, for Pearl

of Savoy potatoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to Aaron Low & Son, Essex, for Early Peer-
less tomatoes.
3.00. First premium, to Aaron Low & Son, Essex, for Es-
sex Hybrid tomatoes.
3.00. First premium, to Aaron Low & Son, Essex, for Car-
dinal tomatoes.
3.00. First premium, to Aaron Low & Son, Essex, for Em-
ery tomatoes.
3.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Essex Hybrid squash.
3.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Deephead cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Stone Mason cabbage.
2.00. Second premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

American Improved Savoy cabbage.
2.00. Second premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Red cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Yellow Danvers onions.
3.00. First premium, to F. A. Russell, Methuen, for Hub-
bard squash.
LOO. Gratuity, to E. A. Emerson, Haverhill, for New

Queen potatoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, for Red

Cross tomato.
3.00. First premium, to J. J. fl. Gregory, Marblehead, for

American Turban squash.
3.00. First premium, to E. & C. Woodman, Danvers, for

Livingston's perfection tomatoes.
3.00. First premium, to F. A. Russell, Methuen, for Red
cabbage.

66

1.00. Gratuity, to John H. George, Metliuen, for Danvers

onions.
3.00. First premium, to .Simon P. Buxton, Peabody, for
collection of tomatoes.
E. A. Emerson, E. A. Fuller— /or the Committee.

GRAIN AND SEED.

Tlic Committee on Grain and Seed have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
!?1.00. First premium, to H. A. Stiles, Middleton, for one

peck Field corn.
1.00. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

one peck White oats.
1.00. First premium, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover,

for one peck Winter rye.
1.00. First premium, to B. H. Farnham, No. Andover, for

one peck Field beans.
1.00. First premium, to J. O'Connor, West Newbury, for

one peck Yellow Eye beans.
5.00. First premium, to Geo. W. Chadwick, B oxford, for

25 ears Lackawana corn.
3.00. Second premium, to Mrs. John Stevens, Lawrence,

for 25 ears Longfellow corn.
2.00. Third premium, to H. W. Killam, Boxford, for

Angel of Midnight corn.
3.00. First premium, to Alfred K. Nas^n, Boxford, for 25

ears of Rice Pop corn.
2.00. Second premium, to S. H. Bailey, No. Andover, for

25 cars Rice Pop corn.
4.00. Third premium, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for col-
lection of Field ami Garden seeds.
Nathan A. Bushby, Daniel D. Adams, Chas. A. Mason
— Committee.

67

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

The Committee on Counterpanes and Afghans have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
f4.00. First premium, to Mrs. James Wall, Methuen, for

Lace quilt.
2,00. Second premium, to Mrs. P. A. Fuller, Lawrence,

for Silk quilt.
1.50. Gratuity, to Miss Ella F. Davis, Lawrence, for Silk

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs, Donman Blanchard, No. Andover,
for vSilk and Crochet quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. John Reddy, Lawrence, for Out-
line quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. S. Armstrong, Lawrence, for

Afghan.
2.00. Gratuity, to Miss Lizzie Huse, Lawrence, for Bed

spread and shams,
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. L. Steele, Lawrence, for Silk

log cabin quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Hannah Danforth, Lawrence, for
Print quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Clara M. Bell, Andover, for Silk

quilt.
..75. Gratuity, to Miss Mary Lewis, Lawrence, for Wheel

Afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. C. Wheelock, Lawrence, for

white Knit quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Ida Merrill, Lawrence, for Afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. J. Pedlar, Methuen, for Knit

quilt.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. Heald, Lawrence, for Afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. M. Whitney, Lawrence, for

Afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. S. Harmon, Lawrence, for
Calico quilt.
-75. Gratuity, to Miss S. R. Day, Bradford, for white
Knit quilt.

68

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. T. Lea, Methuen, for Baby

Afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. B. A. Ellis, Methuen, for Silk quilt.
.75. Gratuity, to H. G. Little, Haverhill, for Patchwork

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Coburn, Methuen, for Silk quilt.
Lottie Swan, Mrs. T. C. Thurlow, Sarah P. Blunt — Com-
mittee.

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

The Committee on Carpetings and Rugs have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$3.00. First premium, to Mrs. John H. Perkins, Lynnfield,

for rug.
2.00. Second premium, to Mrs. J. W. Poor, Andover, for

rug.
1.00, Gratuity, to Miss Durrell, Lawrence, for Silk rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. B. J. Mamion, No. Andover, for

Drawn rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. S. Mann, Methuen, for Knit rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Moses E. Cook, Newbury port, for

Braided mat.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. D. A. Moulton, No. Andover, for

Drawn rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Granville E. Stevens, Methuen, for

Knit rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Hannah Danforth, Lawrence, for

Drawn rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. A. Sargent, Lawrence, for Wor-
sted rug.
75c. Gratuity, to Miss Abbie Towne, No. Andover, for

Fancy rug.
75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. F. A. Sargent, Merrimac, for

Braided rug.

69

Y5c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary McPhee, Lawrence, for Drawn

rug. •

75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. IJames Starbird, Lawrence, for

Braided rug.
50c. Gratuity to Mrs. F. A. Sargent, Merrimac, for

Braided rug.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. Y. Eaton, Methuen, for Knit

rug.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Asa Hardy, Groveland, for Drawn

rug.
50c. Gratuity, to Miss Searle, Methuen, for Silk rug.

Mrs. W. C. Allyn, Mrs. Oscar Young, Mrs. G. L. Burn-
ham — Committee.

MANUFACTURES FROM LEATHER.

The Committee on Articles Manufactured from Leather
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$5. First premium, to IMcDonald & Hanaford, No. Ando-

ver, for Buggy harness.
$2. Gratuity, to McDonald & Hanaford, No. Andover,

for Coupe harness.
'S3. Gratuity, to J. 0. Nash, Lawrence, for Carryall har-
ness.
$2. Gratuity, to J. O. Nash, Lawrence, for Wagon har-
ness.
Lyman Osborne, Geo. F. Sanger, F. H. Appleton— Cowz-
miitee.

FANCY WORK.

The Committee on Fancy Work have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. F. Manahan, Lawrence, for

70

cluster of flowers.

oOc. Gratuity, to Mrs>. John W. Porter, Lawrence, for
travelling bag.

75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. John W. Porter, Lawrence, for
sofa pillow.

75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. R. Sanborn, Lawrence, for
chair back painting.

50c. Gratuity, to Miss E. F. Coburn, Methuen, for tray-
cloth.

75c. Gratuity, to IVIiss Nellie Coburn, Methuen, for cro-
chet suspenders.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Emma Pulsifer, No. Andover, for
two knitted scarfs.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Arthur W, Bean, Lawrence, for

lace work.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Annie Dunlap, Lawrence, for lace
handkerchief.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Julia E. Whittier, Lawrence, for
blanket.

75c. Gratuity, to Miss Emma B. Joslyn, Lawrence, for

scarf.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. F. Whittridge, Lawrence, for
Mexican silk table cloth.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. F. S. C. Herrick, Lawrence, for
table cloth.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. F. S. C. Herrick, Lawrence, for
lunch cloth.

50c. Gratuity, to Charlotte Swan, Methuen, for table
cover.

75c. Gratuity, to Helen Barnes, Danvers, for set of un-
derwear.

50c. Gratuity, to V. A. Whitraarsh, Lawrence, for cro-
chet skirt.

50c. Gratuity, to Alice Maude Bennett, Lawrence, for
cigar ribbon cover.

50c. Gratuity, to Miss Heeby, Lawrence, for linen apron,

75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Carrie Wilson, Lawrence, for em-
broidered blanket.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. B. Davis, Lawrence, for point

lace.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. H. Harris, Methuen, for table

scarf.
75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Pbebe Merrill, Lawrence, for two

white aprons.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. Ham, Lawrence, for crochet

lace.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. W. Godfrey, Lawrence, for felt

table scarf.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. George S. Merrill, Lawrence, for

lunch set.
75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. H. Salisbury, No. Andover,

for lunch set.
1.00. Gratuity to Mrs. S. U. Grant, Lawrence, for hand

painted tidy.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. Madden, Lawrence, for pillow

shams.
50c. Gratuity, to Annie Marshland, Lawrence, for silk

scarf.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. B. Pope, Danvers, for table

cover.
75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Walter Rowe, Lawrence, for lunch

cloth.
1.00.^ Gratuity, to Mrs. Walter Rowe, Lawrence, for sofa

pillow.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Walter Rowe, Lawrence, for cen-
tre table piece.
50c. Gratuity, to Mary Agnes Gage, Lawrence, for

Roman stripe.
50c. Gratuity, to Alice Russell, Metliuen, for lace hand-
kerchief.
1.00. Gratuity, to Ethel Emerson, Lawrence, for set of

underwear.
75c. Gratuity, to Eliza L. Scott, Lawrence, for two table

scarfs.
50c. Gratuity, to Julia A. Perley, Georgetown, for cro-
chet shawl.

72

50c. Gratuity, to Louise Kimball, Georgetown, for silk
stockings.

50c. Gratuity, to Belle Anderson, Topsfield, for crochet
edgings.

75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. N. Coburn, Methuen, for Mexi-
can handkerchief.

50c. Gratuity, to Alice George, Groveland, for basket and
fan.

50c. Gratuity, to Alice George, Groveland, for Mexican
tidies.

75c. Gratuit}', to Alice George, Groveland, for white
apron.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Walter Rowe, Lawrence, for em-
broidered blanket.

1.00. Gratuity, to A. C. Crowell, Lawrence, for screen.

1.00. Gratuity, to L. D. Whittier, Lawrence, for bureau
scarf.
E. P. Nichols, Mrs. E. F. Childs, Emma F. Russell-
Co //i?>ii7^ee.

WORKS OF ART.

The Committee on Works of Art have attended to their

duty, aiid respectfully report to the Secretary that they have

made the following awards :

SI. 00. Gratuity, to M. A. Greeley, Lawrence, for oil paint-
ing.

1.00. Gratuity, to M. E. Nason, No. Andover, for oil

painting.
50c. Gratuity, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for white
owl.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Chas. T. Main, Lawrence, for

water color.
50c. Gratuity, to Samuel Wilde, Lawrence, for brackets.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Geo. H. Eaton, Lawrence, for
china painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to S. E. Dwyer, Salem, for oil painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Fred Swain, Methuen, for oil

painting.
50c. Gratuity, to Martin M. Wood, West Newbury, for

hat lack.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. S. Chase, Methuen, for oil

painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to M. Swett, Lawrence, for china painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Editli M. Messer, Lawrence, for leather

table cover.
1.25. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. Bicknell, Lawrence, for china

painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Dr. Howard, Lawrence, for china

painting.
LOO. Gratuity, to L. Foster, Methuen, for china painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mary Williams, No. Andover, for oil

painting.
1.00. (jratuity, to Mrs. A. B. Bruce, Lawrence, for china

painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. D. F. Conlon, Lawrence, for china

painting.
2.00. Gratuity, to Sallie Cross, Lawrence, for water color.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mr. G. F. Cannon, Lawrence, for pen-
manship.
1.00. Gratuity, to L. Florence Cammett, Amesbury, oil

painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Woodford, Lawrence, for china

S }ainting.
2.00. Giatuity, to W. H. Plummer, Lawrence, for oil

painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Henrietta Safford, Lawrence, for oil

painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Henrietta Safford, Lawrence, for china

painting.
1.0 . Gratuity, to Henrietta Safford, Lawrence, for crayon

painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Howard I. Smith, Lawrence, for

oil painting.

74

2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. F. Whitti.'dge, Lawrence, for
china painting.

1.50. Gratuity, to E. 0. Woodfoid, Lawrence, for ( bina
painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to E. 0„ Woodluid, Lawrence, for oil
painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. R. Sanborn, Lawrence, for oil
painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to Kate M. Clark, Lawrence, for china
painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to Carrie Wainwright, Lawrence, for china
painting.

l.OO. Gratuity, to G. Copp, Lawrence, for oil painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to the Enterprise Portrait Co., Lawrence;
for exhibit.

1.00. Gratuity, to Clara Hood, Lawrence, for china paint-
ing.
50c. Gratuity, to Miss Morrison, Lawrence, for pen and
ink linen.

1.00. Gratuity, to Amanda French, Methuen, for oil paint-
ing.
50c. Gratuity, to Edmund Ketchum, Lawrence, for water
color.

1.00. Gratuity, to W. H. Allen, Lawrence, for pastel por-
trait.

1.50. Gratuity, to Samuel Hogle, Lawrence, for frames.

1.00. Gratuity, to Charlotte Swan, Methuen, for oil paint-
ing.

1.00. Gratuity, to Charlotte Swan, Methuen, for china
painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. E. F. Clark, Lawrence, for
china painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. R. Stanley, Lawrence, for china
painting.

1.25. Gratuity, to Bessie Swan, Methuen, for china paint-
ing.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Thomas H. Murray, Lawrence, for
oil painting.

75

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrt?. H. Lyford, Lawrence, for oil
painting.

The committee would express the gratification afforded
by tlie arrangements for the exhibition, and tender thanks
to the city government, who cheerfully, though at great in-
convenience, removed furniture, draperies, &c., from their
commodious hall. The art exhibition was thereby unified,
a critical examination rendered easy, and visitors were en-
abled to perceive details, so desirable to those in quest of
profit, as well as pleasure.

Worthy of especial mention was the case of china en-
tered by Mrs. \V. H. Giles, of Lawrence, who requested
that it should receive no award. Its superiority was mani-
fest to all, and we feel that hearty thanks are due, espec-
ially from amateurs, for such an incitement to effort.

The remainder of the exhibit, with the exception of Mrs.
C. F. Whittridge's porcelain, and a water color painting by
Miss Sallie Cross, vvas so uniformly meritorious that it was
found exceedingly difficult to apportion $50 among forty-
four exhibitors, giving not less than fifty cents, nor more
than three dollars to one person.

The award to Mr. W, R. Plummer of Lawrence, two
dollars, the highest, was based on the assurance that he
had never received instruction.

The award to Mr. S. Hogle of Lawrence, for frames, was
based on the artistic ornamentation with a composition dis-
covered by him.

A platter, entered by Mr. G. H. Tuttle of North Ando-
ver, which was at the first fair, seventy-one years ago, at-
tracted much attention, as did many other pieces of great
age, which had been kindly loaned.

Susan P. Boynton, Mrs. George W. Russell, Bessie
Swan, Alice Gray BVster — Committee.

76

CHILDREN'S WORK.

The Committee on Children's Work have attended to
tlieir duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
^2.00. Second premium, to Beulah I. Lee, Methuen, for

paper cutter and two dolls.
1.00. Gratuity, to Holland Little, Haverhill, for sofa pil-
low.
1.00. Gratuity, to Bertha Merrill, Lawrence, for crochet

skirt.
75c Gratuity, to Eva Welton, Methuen, for work bag,

bureau scarf and splasher.
50c. Gratuity, to Mary E. Cotter, Lawrence, for apron

and pair of drawers.
50c. Gratuity, to Mary Brewster, Lawrence, for lamp

mat.
50c. Gratuity, to Mary Brewster, Lawrence, for tidy.
50c. Gratuity, to Sadie Taylor, Lawrence, for apron.

Alice M. Russell, Mrs. L. R. Curjier, Mrs. G. L. Burn-
ham — Committee.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
The Committee on Manufactures and General Merchan-
dise have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to
the Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$1.00. Gratuity, to George A. Mori is, Lawrence, for case

of horse shoes.
50c. Gratuity, to J. L. Wales, Haverhill, for three chairs.
3.00, Gratuity, to M. E. Austin & Co., Lawrence, for case

of hardware, case of tools, case of cutlery.
50c. Gratuity, to George A. Rogers, No. Andover, for

copy of farm account book.
1.00. Gratuity, to Scollay & Ruth, Lawrence, for diamond

metal polish.
1.00. Gratuity, to Byron Trull & Co., Lawrence, for car-
pet sweepers.

11

50c. Gratuity, to Robert B. Smith, North Andover, for
two tables.

3.00. Gratuity, to Butler File Co., Lawrence, for case of
files.

3.00. Gratuity, to H. B. Robinson, Lawrence, for case of

confectionery.
50c. Gratuity, to E. H. McDuffee, Lawrence, for loom.

3.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Howard Smith, Lawrence, for
case of celuloid goods.

1.00. Gratuity, to William Sellars, Haverhill, for portable
hot water heater.

2.00. Gratuity, to Hugo Burtt, Lawrence, for case of jew-
elry.

Diplomas, awarded to the Pacific, Arlington, and Everett
Mills, for the extensive and beautiful exhibition
of the production of their mills.
The committee also desire to make special mention to

the Altantic Mills, for its fine and valuable display of

goods.

The display of the Pemberton Mills was also especially

notable.

Diploma, to the Russell Paper Co., of Lawrence, for dis-
play of paper goods.

Diploma, to Craighead & Kintz, Ballardvale, for bronze
goods.

Diploma, to Wright Manufacturing Co., Lawrence, for
Stearns braids.

Diploma, to Briggs & Allen Manufacturing Co., for display
of mantles.
Geo. E. Herrick, John H. George, Bertha H. Chandler,

W. H. GW^—Commiilee.

GRANGE EXHIBIT.

The Committee on Granges have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
$40. Firyt premium, to the Andover Grange, for exhibit.

78

830. Second premium, to the Methuen Grange, lor exhibit.
S20. Thii-d premium, to tlie Noith Andover Orange, for

exhil)it.
$10. Fourth premium, to the West Boxford Grantre. for

exhihit.
$10. Gratuity, to the Haverhill Grange, for exhibit.

Sherman Nelson, Asa T. Newhall, Mrs. David Warren,
Francis H. Appleton — Committee.

THE GRANGE EXBIBIT OF 1891.

The Trustees, at a special meeting in Februar3^ 1891, de-
cided to offer four prizes of $10, -SSO, -$20 and flO, respective-
ly, for exhibits by the different Granges in Essex County,
to include all fruit, vegetables and domestic manufactures
that were exhibited in any other department in Exhibition
Hall. I believe that I am correct in saying that a " Grange"
is a local branch of the " Patrons of Husbandry," which is
an organization for mutual benefit among farmers and covers
a considerable part of the United States.

The whole basement of a church, adjoining the Exhibition
Hall, was used for this purpose, and a most interesting and
creditable exhibit was there displayed. It was a notable
exhibit.

By the most recent list at my command, I find in Essex
County, there are granges in Amesbury, North Andover,
Ipswich, West Newbury, Haverhill, Methuen, Merrimac,
Andover and Topsfield.

Of these Andover, Methuen, North Andover, West
Boxford, and Haverhill made exhibitions and were awarded
prizes after careful examination by the Committee, in the
order named.

Stepping into the vestibule of the building, where these
granges made their display, we will pass through a door on
the right into the largest of these rooms, where, on the right,
or street side, was the Andover display, opposite the door
West Boxford was located, while on the left side was the

79

Haverhill exhibit ; then, countermarching to the left, we
enter by double-doors the room containing the North An-
dover grange by itself; while to our left again, and at left
of the vestibule, was the third room filled by the Methuen
grange.

The exhibits were placed with much care and taste, at-
tracting many people during the two days of the Fair. The
vegetables and fruits were judiciously selected, and flowers
and decorated articles were numerous and well placed.
The needlework and decorative painting on china, silk, etc.,
showed practice and study, and proved that the more intel-
ligently prepared works of art were understood in our
county, and the increasing appreciation of them in the
county at large is known to our Essex County citizens,
students and artists.

The members of these granges showed that they had
been united in their efforts to obtain a good collection of the
proper articles, which is not difficult under such circum-
stances.

These displays were instructive in many ways to our
citizens on account of the quality and varied character of
the several exhibits; on account of proof that united effort is
sure to bring a good degree of success; and as showing our
people what the farmers of the several towns in our county
can do for the credit of their home, if the members will unite
under committees in the several places to send loads of
home products to our annual show.

We need to make special efforts to bring about the best
results. Our Society has the highest of reputations in
the State and we must value it highly and preserve and
advance it.

In Worcester, the present year, a liberal agriculturist
desiring to encourage good farming offered prizes of gener-
ous amounts for exhibits of collections of a certain farm
product, and the granges of the same neighborhood decided
to exhibit like collections of the same article near by and at
about the same time. There were ten entries for the ten

8o

prizes, and a considerable larger number at the grange s
hall. Both displays have been reported to me as being fine.

1 think we here see again proof of the great value to the
individual of organized effort, and also the same to the public.

In union there certainly is strength.

This is certainly a lesson for our own members to ever
have before them in their work, and in it lies every possi-
bility for success.

Our Fairs, our Institutes, our usefulness to our State
Board of Agriculture, to our Agricultural College and Exper-
iment stations, and their value to us as agriculturists, de-
pends directly upon our members working together for
good results in all these directions.

We also have in our county and promoting the object of
our society : — Farmer's Clubs, or Horticultural and Land-
scape Improvement Societies, in Lynn, Salem, Marblehead
and Swampscott, Gloucester, Beverly, North Andover, West
Peabody, Rowley, West Newbury and Danvers, with prob-
ably others that are at present unknown to the writer, and
not on record at office of the State Board of Agriculture.

The Essex County Poultry Association also exists and at
one time was active when there were special demands for
its work.

But the granges that exhibited at Lawrence set us an
example at the Fair of 1891 in Lawrence, by which our
society should profit through our members.

Let a noble effort be made next year, in all directions, to
fill our halls with the products of the farms from all over
Essex County ; let each locality send, by united and indi-
vidual effort, teams filled with such as we would attract by
our premium list; and in the same proportion let our j)eople
flock together to renew and enlarge that useful acquain-
tance-ship which is peculiarly intimate among the agricul-
turists of old Essex.

We should indeed extend our congratulations to our
members of the Granges who succeeded so well this year,
and commend their example of the value of united action
to attain good results to our members in general.

8i

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON IMPROVING WASTE

LAND.

The Committee on Improving Waste Land have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$15.00. First premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West
Newbury.
10.00. Second premium, to C. Moynihan, Newbury.

STATEMENT OF C. K. ORDWAY & SON.

In 1888 we cut off the wood and brush and blowed out
the stumps, turned the water in a different course, made a
dam at the outlet of stone that it might not wash. We
filled the creek that was ten feet wide with dirt. It was
planted the first year without manure or fertilizer with po-
tatoes and corn fodder. The cost of the work that was done
was one hundred dollars.

1889.

1890.

1891.

Dr.

The cost of work clearing land,

$100.00

Cost of 5 cords manure.

25.00

Ploughing and harrowing.

4.00

Planting,

2.00

Cutting and hoeing.

4.00

Harvesting,

3.00

Seed,

.50

Six cords of manure,

30.00

Cabbage seed,

1.00

Spreading manure, ploughing and

harrowing.

4.00

Planting,

2.00

Harvesting,

3.00

Did not use any manure or fertilizer,

sowed

it with rye and grass seed,

Ploughing and harrowing.

3.00

One and one-half bushels rye,

1.50

Cost of improvement,

$183.00

82

Cr.

1888. By ten cords of wood, $20.00

Twenty-five bushels potatoes, 17.50

One ton corn fodder, 10.00

1880. By thirty bushels corn, 22.50

Two tons of cabbage, 40.00

One ton of stover, 8.00

1890. Cabbage sold, 100.00
Two tons of stover, 16.00

1891. Twenty bushels rye, 23.00
2495 lbs. of straw, 17.47

Improvement receipts, $284.47

Net profit, $101.47

Respectfully submitted,

C. K. Okdway & Son.

STATEMENT OF C. MOYNIHAN.

I commenced the improvement of the pasture seven years
ago, it being covered by bushes of various kinds ; first I cut
the bushes, next I ploughed the land. The first year I
raised squashes, the crop yielding well ; I put two cords of
manure on four acres. The second year I planted it with
potatoes and squashes, using about sixteen cords of stable
manure, and I got 400 bushels of potatoes and five tons of
squashes. Third year the crop was onions, potatoes, cab-
bage and carrots. I had 200 bushels of onions, 300 bushels
of potatoes, between fifty and sixty dozen cabbage, two
tons carrots. Fourth year all in corn, hoed it level and
sowed to grass; had a good yield. Fifth, sixth and seventh
years grass, had by estimate six tons of hay on the four
acres each year.

Respectfully,

Cornelius Moynihan.

Geo. W. Adams, J. F. Smith, Charles 0. Cummings —
Committee.

83

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ROOT CROPS.

The Committee on Root Crops have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report nine entries from eight com-
petitors as follows :

E. C. Little, foreman of " Crystal Lake " farm, Haverhillj
crop of onions.

John H. George, Methuen, crop of onions.

Chas. C. Blunt, Andover, crop of parsnips.

Henry A. Ilayward, Andover, crop of cabbage.

Isaac H. Laney, Methuen, crop of potatoes.

James Manning, Topsfield, crops of onions and ruta baga
turnips.

David Warren, Swampscott, crop of squashes.

Cornelius Moynihan, Newbury, crop of ruta baga turnips.

The first visit we made on Sept. 8 to see the crops of
onions. Mr. Little met us in the city and we were driven
by him about four miles out to the Crystal Lake farm, which
is owned by Mr. Marsh. The onions were not all dried down
but were making good progress ; they were on dark heavy
loam where a mixed crop was grown the year before. They
had suffered some from blight but were of good size and
promised a good crop, and the committee regret that Mr.
Little did not send in a statement.

After being hospitably entertained at dinner by Mr. and
Mrs. Little we were driven by him to Methuen to see Mr.
George's crop of onions. The crop was grown on a piece
of reclaimed swamp land. Rows twelve inches apart, and
at the time of our visit were all dried down, no scullions.
no small ones. The piece was perfectly free from w^eeds.
It is seldom so fine a crop of onions can be seen in this sec-
tion.

The crop of potatoes entered by Mr. Laney is on land
near Mr. George, but on examination was found not to
contain the amount of land required (one half acre), and
we did not feel justified to take it into consideration.

On Sept. 19 the committee visited Mr. Chas. C. Blunt,

84

of Andover, and looked at his crop of parsnips. The crop
looked ver}^ thrifty and were about one half bottomed at
the time of our visit. Mr. Blunt makes a specialty of rais-
ing parsnips, and markets the greater part of them in the
spring. Mr. Jos. Blunt was kind enough to drive us over
to Mr. Hayward's. The crop of cabbage] looked thrifty
and showed that they had plenty of plant food to feed upon.

On Sept. 21, we went to Topsfield to see Mr. Manning's
crop of onions, they were grown on a side hill, dark, shal-
low loam. Mr. Manning bad taken advantage of the fine
weather and pulled tbem before we got there but they were
lying on the ground and were well dried and of good size.

October 2nd, we went to Swampscott to see Mr. War-
ren's crop of squashes, which we found well ripened, even
^n size and very pure in stock 5 the crop was on light, grav-
elly loam. As Mr. Warren took us about his farm, we were
shown a fine piece of onions grown on low meadow land,
of good quality and size, but they were not entered for pre-
mium.

On October 13, we again visited Mr. Manning of Tops-
field, to see his crop of rata baga turnips ; they were planted
on a side hill, gravelly loam and had suffered to such an
extent from drought that the committee did not feel justi-
fied in awarding him a premium.

On the same day, we visited Mr. Moynihan of Newbury ;
his crop of turnips as grown on a piece of reclaimed
pasture, they were of good quality and of very even size,
they were planted so far apart in the rows and many places
were not transplanted, therefore he did not receive as large
a crop as he otherwise would have.

We have awarded the premiums as follows :
$10. First premium, to John H. George, Methuen, for
crop of onions.

$5. Second premium, to James Manning, Topsfield, for

crop of onions,
'flu. First premium, to Chas. C. Blunt, Andover, for crop
of parsnips.

85

110. First premium, to Henry A. Hay ward, Andover, for

crop of cabbage.
•110. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

crop of squash.
$10. First premium, to C. Moynihan, Newbury, for crop

of ruta baga turnips.
0. L, Carlton, John W. Frederick, Edward A. Fuller,
Wilbur J. Munroe, John Perkins — Committee.

STATEMENT OF JOHN H. GEORGE, METHUEN, CONCERNING
A CROP OF ONIONS RAISED 1891.

The crop of 1889 was grass, the crop of 1890 was pota-
toes, manured with one ton of Stockbridge potato manure
to the acre, the soil is peat meadow, ploughed in the fall of
1890 about four inches deep. At the same time ploughed
in about ten cords of manure to the acre, measured as cor-
rectly as could be done by throwing on to the cart without
treading, on one-half the piece was put horse and cow
manure, on which had been a hog, on one-half of the rest
was put dry horse manure as drawn from a village stable,
on the other quarter (except two rods square on which no
manure of any kind was put) was spread cow manure
drawn out and spread as made ; the value of the manure
was probably six dollars per cord on the piece.

The land in the spring was brushed with a brush harrow ;
dragged and sowed with three and three quarters pounds of
yellow Danvers onion seed from Peter Henderson & Co.'s
seed house, New York City. The seed, I was assured by
the firm, was tested and of good germination, and I should
think every seed grew, came up as fine a stand as I ever
saw; the maggots thinned them some on one end where the
onions grew to immense size, eighty of them filHng a bush-
el ; they were not thinned at all by hand as I make it a
practice not to thm onions no matter how thick they grow,
believing it spoils the crop to do so. The yield was 5G4
bushels of very fine onions on 24,000 feet of land, of which

86

I have sold about 400 bushels at an average of seventy
cents per bushel. The cost is as follows :

Crop of onions. J^>-

5 cords of manure at 16, ^30 00

Ploughing, 1 horse and man, ^ day, 1 50

Bushing and dragging, man and horse, ^ day, 1 50
Sowing seed one-half day, 75

Hoeing five times, 3 75

Weeding four times, boy labor 16 days, 12 00

Cutting up and raking out, 1 day, 1 50

Picking up, topping and marketing, 5c. per bush., 28 20
Interest and taxes on land, 6 00

3i lbs. seed at 81.20, 4 50

Cr.
By 564 bushels onions at 70 cts., |394 80

Profit on crop, 305 10

Respectfully submitted,

John H. George.

I hereby certify that I measured the land on which grew
the crop of onions entered by John H. George of Methuen,
with the Essex Agricultural Society and it measured 24,000
square feet.

I. H. Laney.

STATEMENT OF JAMES MANNING, TOPSFIELD, ONION CROP.

I had on the half acre of land entered for premium, 342
bushels of onions of 52 pounds to the bushel.

I put three cords of stable manure on the half acre and
ploughed it in four inches deep, sowed the seed the 23rd
day of April, at the rate of six pounds to the acre.

Dr.
To three cords manure at $6.00, il8 00

Cost of seed, three pounds, 9 00

Ploughing, 1 75

Sowing seed, 75

Cost of weeding three times, 15 00

144 60

8?

Or.

By 342 bushels onions at 80 cts., -$278 60
Net profit, 229 10

Respectfully submitted,

James Manning.

This is to certify that I measured for Mr. James Man-
ning 21,780 square feet of land out of his onion bed, or
one-half acre.

John H. Towne.

STATEMENT OF CHAS. C. BLUNT, ANDOVER.

The land occupied by the crop of parsnips which I enter
for premium is a light loam with a gravelly subsoil. The
crop in 1889 was parsnips with barn manure at the rate of
seven cords per acre.

The crop of 1890 was onions, no barn manure was used
but 1000 lbs. of phosphate. The land was ploughed in the
fall of 1890 twelve inches deep, and barn manure eight
cords to the acre, spread on and harrowed in, cross ploughed
in the spring (no phosphate used this season), harrowed,
brushed and raked, and sowed on the 15th day of April
with four pounds of seed. As I usually leave a part of the
crop in the ground over winter, as spring dug parsnips
bring a good price, I have selected several rows, measured
and weighed fifty-five pounds to the bushel, and the yield
was at the rate of two hundred and eighty-eight bushels on
the one-half acre.

COST OF CROP.

Preparation of land, $-3 75

Manure four cords, 24 00

Hoeing, weeding and thinning, 20 00

Seed and sowing, 3 00

Harvesting, 10 00

$60 75

8S

288 bushels parsnips at 90 cts,, 8259 20

Profit, ^198 -15

Respectfully submitted,

C. C. Blunt.

This certifies that I have measured a tract of land hav-
ing on it a crop of parsnips owned by Chas. C. Blunt of
Andover and entered by him for a premium, and find it
contains eighty square rods. Samuel Thayer.

Having measured a portion of the parsnips on the above
piece, the yield is at the rate of two hundred and eighty-
eight bushels on one-half acre, of fifty pounds to the bushel.

Samuel Thayer.

STATEMENT OF HENRY A. HAYWARD, ANDOVER.

The crop of cabbages which I enter for premium was
srrown on one acre of land. The land is a dark loam with
clay subsoil. It had been in grass for ten years, the sward
was turned under, ploughed eight inches deep. Eleven
cords of stable manure (measured) was spread on and har-
rowed in. Ames fertilizer was used in the hill, nine hun-
dred pounds to the acre, planted the 20th day of June in
hills about twenty inches apart. Seed used David Warren's
Stone Mason, one-half pound, afterward thinned to one
plant to a hill, cultivated twice, hoed twice, weeded once,
put in beds the last of October.

COST OF CROP.
Ploughing land.
Manure at $7 per cord,
Furrowing and preparing hill,
Planting,

Cultivating and hoeing twice,
Fertilizer,
Harvesting,
Seed,

Total cost of crop.

$5

00

7.7

00

2

50

1

50

10

00

14 40

12

00

1

50

193

90

Henry

A.

Hayward.

89

This certifies that I estimate the cabbage raised by
Henry A. H«yward, on one acre of land to be four hundred
barrels or twenty tons.

S. H. Bailey.

I hereby certify that I have measured a field of cabbage
for Henry A. Hayward, entered for premium and find it
contains one acre.

C. C. Blunt.

STATEMENT OF DAVID WARREN, SWAMPSCOTT.

The crop of Essex Hybrid squashes which I enter for
premium was raised on land that is a gravelly loam,
the crop of 1889 was cabbage seed, 1890 potatoes.
Stable manure applied each year at the rate of eight
cords to the acre. The present year I ploughed it about
six inches deep in the spring. Stable manure put on with
Kemp's spreader, eight cords to the acre, wheel harrowed
in, furrowed out, eight feet apart each way, planted four
seeds to a hill the first week in May, cultivated three
times, hoed twice.

COST OF CROP.

Rent of land.

$8 00

Ploughing,

2 50

Manure, eight cSrds at $4.00,

32 00

Furrowing,

1 50

Planting,

1 00

Cultivating and hoeing.

6 00

Harvesting,

6 00

Seed,

2 00

159 00

I had fifteen loads and weighed three of them which
averaged 2185 pounds to a load, making 32,775 pounds of
marketable squashes.

David Warren.

90

This certifies that a piece of land measured by me con-
tained two hundred and one rods of squashes, raised by-
David Warren of Swampscott.

Allen Ro\ye.

STATEMENT OF CORNELIUS MOYNIHAN, NEWBURY.

The crop of ruta baga turnips that I enter for premium
grew on new land broke up this spring. I put on at the
rate of seven cords of barn cellar manure' to the acre,"
spread broadcast and harrowed, in. I then opened furrows
three feet apart and filled them in as though I were cov-
ering potatoes, and sowed the seed by hand. I weighed
or had weighed, three separate baskets, sixty pounds to
the bushel and measured the rest in the same basket.
There were 304 bushels of good merchantable turnips on
one-half acre.

COST OF CROP.
Ploughing and leveling,
Manure three and one-half cords,
Seed and sowing same.
Cultivating once,
Weeding and thinning twice,
Harvesting,

Value of 301 bushels turnips at 35 cts.,

,*4

00

21

00

1

50

1

00

6

00

7

00

840 50

106

40

Profit,

)5 90

Respectfully,

C. MOYNIHAN.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ORNAMENTAL

TREES.
To the Trustees of the Essex Agricultural Society :

Gentlemen:— On June 30th, the chairman of your
committee on forest trees received notice from our secre-

91

taiy. under date of June 29tli, that Mr. James Flint of
Middleton, had entered his planting of trees for premium.

Your chairman immediately wrote to Mr. Flint to make
an eailv appointment to visit liis home, but affliction in
Mr. Flint's family made delay necessar}^, and for various
reasons, the vinsit to his trees was necessarily postponed
until Thursday, October 8th.

The morning of this day was cold and stormy but your
chairman made a second visit to Mr. Flint's, the first visit
having been an infoi-mal inspection, Mr. Flint's home be-
ins; within driving distance. No others of the committee
were on the ground at the appointed hour, and the follow-
ing report is entirely by your chairman.

Mr. Flint's house is not far from the Paper Mills station
on the Salem and Lowell Branch of the Boston and Maine
system, just beyond that lovely bit of scenery which
greets the eye as the bridge over the Ipswich river at
that point is crossed. It is seldom that a prettier bit of
such scenery, trees overhanging a lovel}^ river, is found
this side of the mountains.

The house is at the meeting of three roads and affords
excellent opportunit}^ for varied planting and treatment.
One road leads to Palem about eight miles, one to North
Reading three miles, and one to Middleton Village two
and one half miles.

Mr. Flint's efforts and interest in the protection and
decoration of his place by trees, began a number of years
ago, and he takes great pleasure in them.

There were over forty rock maples along parts of the
roadside looking well, that had been set thirty to forty
years and which came from New Hampshire.

On the road leading towards Middleton, there were
about thirty Honey Locusts which were raised from seed
that Mr. Flint planted.

He had twenty elms and two lindens.

Mr. Flint sets an example well worth noting when he
plants pine trees on the windward side of the road to
keep back the snow in the winter season. It seems to the

92

writer that this grand tree of New England is also appro-
priate as a roadside tree on the north, or northerly side of
roads for such purposes as Mr. Flint thus emphasizes ; and
especially for the reason that in the spring, when it is the
season for the roads to thaw out, these beautiful ever-
greens can not by their shade hinder the process of
nature.

Deciduous trees on the more sunny sides, and ever-
green on the other sides of roads that are in service all
the year round seems a wise disposition of natural beauty
of the kind we have under discussion.

There was a picturesque pine tree in his yard, that he
set when young, or about sixty years ago, that measures
around near the ground about nine feet, and is over sev-
enty feet in height ; there was also a large willow that
he helped set about sixty years ago which measures near
the ground, sixteen and a half feet, while five feet higher
it measures fifteen and a half feet.

A fine ash tree that stands in front of his house has the
name of being about one hundred years old, and meas-
ures about thirteen feet, and is something over seventy-
five feet high.

There were several fir balsams trimmed into shape, and
six to seven feet high.

He had about forty rods of hemlock and arborvitae
hedges. Mr. Flint's experience is in favor of the hemlock
hedges, which he considers the more hardy.

Your committee recommend the award of $10 to Mr.
Flint for " ornamental trees, ten or more set on any street,
road or farm, and cared for five years."

The whole subject of tree culture, and the judicious or-
namentation of and protection to homesteads and farms,
by the proper disposition of trees is being every year re-
garded as of increasing importance.

Much personal satisfaction comes, and is not long in
coming, from the plantings care and enjoyment of the ma-
tured trees and shrubs.

In the writer's case not a tree existed immediately

about his house in Peabody, when it was built in 1874,
but to-day it is well protected by many kinds of trees
which were all very small trees set in nursery rows by
him in 1869, when he left Cambridge and commenced his
agricultural work.

Some of his trees as stated in last year's transactions,
are twenty-four and more feet high, and afford delightful
shade or ample protection from winds or snow.

This is only inserted here as an encouragement to others
to plant and enjoy the results while yet young. At least
the writer does not find reason to consider himself old as
yet, and claims that his years are proof of the statement.

His trees are not in what is called good ground and
even with this condition not in their favor they have
proved a success. With good land greater success can be
readily attained.

There are two important principles to guard against in
the care and planting of all trees : — plant sufficiently
close to have the trees protect each other well while
young, and later cut out so that the individual trees shall
not interfere in their growth, so as to negative the real
object in planting, but allow them room to develop their
natural beauty.

The adoption of this principle has been largely the
reason why the farms and country houses of old England,
have by the addition of natural causes, given that land
the value and reputation which it has for landscape,
beauty and good pasturage.

The beauty of the individual trees at Mr. Flint's proves
the force of this reasoning.

Respectfully submitted for committee,

Francis H. Appleton, President.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON STRAWBERRIES
AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.
The Committee on Strawberries and other small fruits
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary tliat they have made the following awards :

94

ilO. First premium, to George J. Peircc, of West Newbury,

for crop of strawberries.
$10. First premium, to Daniel Stiles, North Andover, for

crop of blackberries.
Chas. P. rfavory, Augustus Verry, Elias Andrews, Warren
K. Cole — Committee.

STATEMENT OF GEORGE J. PEIRCE, AVEST NEWUUKY.

The [)iece of land that I enter for premium for straw-
berry crop was a wet swampy piece in my pasture, never
cultivated before. In May, 1889, we mowed all the bushes,
and ploughed it with four oxen and two horses, clearing off
all rocks, bushes, etc., did some ditching and laid some
tile to drain it, and sowed a part of it with oats, and plant-
ed part for a kitchen garden; had about four dozen cabbages,
a few cucumbers, summer squashes, etc. In 1890 I
ploughed and prepared ray land for strawberries, put on
three cords of manure, harrowed it in, and brushed and set
the plants of the following varieties: Jessie, Bubuck, Cres-
ent, Belmont, Prince of Berr\', Sharpless and May King,
Commenced picking June 15th, ihiished July 21st.

COST OF CRor.

1889. Mowing bushes one day, S^LSO

Ploughing two days, 16.00

Clearing off rocks, bushes, etc., 4.00

Ditching and drain tile, 20.00

'1890. Ploughing, 4.00

Manure, three cords, 12.00

Harrowing, 1.00

Strawberry plants, 5000, at #3.00, 15.00

Setting and trimming three da^'s, 4.50

Hoeing four times, 12.00

Salt hay for mulching, lA tons, 12.00

1391. Uncovering the bed, 1.00

Mulching them in the rows, 1.00

Picking berries, 2 cts. per qt, 93.74

For marketing at 1 ct. \ er qt., 46.87

Total exj)ense, •'ii=244.01

95

Cr.
By 6,000 plants sold and used, $18.00

" 4,687 quarts of berries, at an average

price of 13 cts., 609.31

Net profit, $346.70

This is to certify that I measured the land entered by
George J. Pierce, for premium on strawberry crop, and it
contains one hundred and eleven rods.

William Merrill.

STATEMENT OF DANIEL STILES, NO. ANDOVER.

The crop of blackberries, which I enter for premium was
grown on three-eighths of an acre of land, which has been in
bearing for several years. Variety, Wachusett.

EXPENSE OF CROP, 1891.

To 200 lbs. fertilizer, -$4.00

Ploughing and Cultivating, .90

Cutting out old stalks, l.;iO

Picking 1116 qts. berries at li cts per qt., 16.74

$23.14

Cr.

By 1116 qts. of blackberries at an average of 8 cts.

per qt. at the door, $89.28

Net profit, 166.14

RASPBERRY CROP.

The following statement by Rev. L. H. Sheldon, Andover,
is printed, there not being land enough to come under the
rules for a premium.

Size of raspberry beds seven square rods. Variety of
berries, " Cathlert " and " Ever Bearing." Planted in
rows six feet apart. Bed ploughed and furrowed and vege-

96

tables raised between rows of raspberries the first year of
planting, in 1890.

This year ran a cultivator between the rows in the early
spring. Put all my sifted coal ashes from day to day under
the hen roost during the winter and this spring put two
horse cart loads on the bed. Called the loads worth $2
each; cost of cultivating the bed fifty cents. Clipped tops
of vines this spring, leaving them three and four feet high.

Began picking July 10 and finished August 19. No. of
baskets gathered, 356i, or 11 bushels, 4i quarts. Price
from 25 to 12^ cents per basket. 8old 305| baskets for
$51.85. Used in the family 51^ quarts.

A large proportion of the crop was sold at wholesale,
direct from the field, or to neighbors coming to the house
after them, none peddled by the owner.

Respectfully submitted.

L. H. Sheldon.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON GRAIN CROPS.

The Committee on Grain Crops respectfully report that

there were six entries, and we recommend the following

premiums :

ilO. First premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son of West
Newbury, for oat crop.

$10. First premium, to Henry M. Killam, of West Box-
ford, for corn crop.
$5. Second premium, to C. K. Ordway «& Son, of West
Newbury, for corn crop.

$10. First premium, to Abel Stickney, of Groveland, for
hay crop.

$10. First premium, to J. M. Pearl, of West Boxford,
for barley crop.

Owing to an accident to the threshing machine and an
unusual delay in receiving repairs from New York, Mr.

97

Pearl was not able to complete his statement before Nov.
1st, but the committee were well satisfied that his crop
was worthy of the society's premium and we recommend
it to him on condition that he furnish a full report in sea-
son for publication in the Transactions of the Society for
the present year.

Mr. Pearl's crop was a very handsome one, perfectly free
from weeds. He makes a specialty' of raising an extra
quality of English hay for market and prefers to seed
down with barley. He also showed the committee a field
of corn that we then thought would be worthy to compete
for the premium.

At Messrs. Ordway & Son's, we viewed crops of rye,
oats and corn. The r3^e was raised on land which has
been reclaimed from an almost worthless condition to a
very fine piece of tillage land. The crop was well worthy
of premium, but the committee regret that on measuring
the land it was found to contain a trifle short of an acre
and therefore could not come within the rules of the
society. The oat crop was a remarkably good one for so
large a piece ; the whole field of over four acres averaging
fifty-eight and a fraction bushels per acre. Messrs. Ord-
way use no manure when seeding with oats, but manure
well the year before and in that way avoid raising a heavy
crop of straw at the expense of the grain crop.

Messrs. Ordway and Killam both have heavy crops of
corn. Mr. Killam's field contained three and a half acres
and was a very even piece and we do not think he over-
estimates it stating that an acre would average as much
as the portion which was weighed. It was the heaviest
piece of corn for its size we ever saw, there being twin
ears of large size upon nearly every stalk. Messrs. Ord-
way have the advantage of easier laud to work and make
a much larger showing of profit, but we are well aware
that a farmer's profit largely depends upon his ability to
figure it out. But whatever their profit may be, both
Messrs. Ordway and Killam have raised crops which

98

would be a credit to any farmer either east or west, and
they can find a use for their crops on their own farms and
we have no doubt that their profit will equal that of many
farmers who have discarded raising corn and who the
present year have been marketing vegetables at low prices
in exchange for high priced western grain.

Mr. Stickney's hay crop is also one of which any farmer
could feel proud, he not only has a large yield, 2040 cubic
feet of a solid bay of hay per acre, making with a second
crop at least four tons per acre, but the quality of the
crop is unusually fine for so large a yield. Mr. Stickney
has literally made two spears of grass to grow, where but
one grew before all over his farm and we think it fitting
that such man should be one of the trustees of the Essex
Agricultural Society, a position which Mr. Stickney has
held for many years.

For the committee,

Daniel A. Carleton, Chairman.

STATEMENT OF HENKY M. KILLAM, BOXFOED, CORN

CROP.

The crop of 1889 was hay, 1500 lbs. to the acre, no
manure used. The crop of 1890, from 1200 lbs. to 1500
lbs. of ha}', 200 to 300 lbs., phosphate used to the acre.
Soil dark loam.

Ploughed in May, eight inches deep, thoroughly harrowed
with tooth harro^v. Cost of ploughing and harrowing per
acre 88.00. Twenty-two loads of manure, thirty bushels to
the load was used to the acre, fresh from the barn cellar,
ploughed under. Valued at $2.00 per load. Finished
planting May 20th.

Planted by hand three and one-half feet each way,
variety used " Angel of Midnight." 600 lbs. phosphate to
the acre, applied in the hill, cost 11.60 per hundred.
Planted five kernels to the hill, and thinned to four stalks.
Cost of seed and planting ;$ 4.50. Cultivated three times

99

each way and hoed twice. Cost of cultivating and hoeing
$5.00 per acre.

The corn was cut and stocked in September, finished
September 20th. Husked the last week in October. Cost
of harvesting and husking $14.00.

I measured five rods, and stocked it strictly by itself on
September 28, husked the same and weighed it October 26.
The weight of stover on five rods was 443 lbs., making
14,176 lbs. to the acre at 15.00 per ton, S35.44. Ears of
sound corn on five rods 267 lbs., making 213 3-5 bushels
per acre, at 35 cents per bushel, $74.76. I think at least
one acre of the field would average as heavy as these five
rods.

Cost of ploughing one acre, $8.00

" Manure, 44.00

" Phosphate, 9.60

" Planting, 4.50

" Hoeing, 5.00

" Harvesting, 14.00

Total cost,

185.10
Cr.

5y Value of Stover,

135.44

" " " Corn,

74.76

Total,
Profit,

fllO ^'O

$25.10

Respectfully

submitted.

Henry M. Killam.

STATEMEJ^T OF C. K. ORDWAY & SON, CORN CROP.

The corn was raised on a piece of land that has been in
grass ten years, and received no manure or fertilizer dui^
ing that time. In 1891 was ploughed in April, nine inches
deep and harrowed, applied five cords of barnyard manure
spread broadcast and harrowed with a Randall harrow,
smoothed with a grain drag, marl^ed three and one-half

lOO

feet eacli way, planted May 12, using eight quarts of
corn. There was no fertilizer used on this corn.

COST OF CROP.

Dr.

To ploughing and harrowing.

$6 00

Manure, 5 cords,

25 00

Spreading manure and harrowing,

3 00

Seed and planting,

1 00

Hoeing and cultivating,

5 00

Topping corn,

2 00

Harvesting,

i

4 00

Harvesting stover, <

2 00

Cost of crop.

$48 00

Or.

By top stalks.

$16 00

The corn weighed 6,650 lbs. or

95

bushels shelled corn.

95

00

Stover, 2i- tons.

18

00

Two-thirds of manure in land,

16

75

Value of crop, $145 75

Profit, $97 75

Respectfully submitted,

C. K. Ordway & Son.

This certifies that I measured the land on which the
crop of corn was grown, entered for premium by C. K.
Ordway & Son of West Newbury, and said land contained
one acre.

RiCHAED Newell.

STATEMENT OF OAT CROP.

1889, the piece was in grass.

1890, it was ploughed ten inches deep and harrowed,
six cords of barnyard manure to the acre, spread broad-
cast, harrowed and planted with corn.

lOI

1891, the corn hills were split with a Randall harrow,
ploughed seven inches deep, harrowed and sowed to oats,
three bushels to the acre, without manure or fertilizer of
any kind. Seed, White Dutch oats of my own raising,
the soil is a clay loam.

COST OF CROP.

To ploughing and harrowing,
" sowing, harrowing and smoothing.
Seed, oats,

Cutting and binding with machine.
Drawing and moving,
Threshing and winnowing.

Cost of crop.

By 7,680 lbs. or 240 bushels oats,
3 tons of straw at $9.00,

Profit, 867 25

Fifty-eight bushels and a fraction per acre.
Respectfully submitted,

C. K. Ordway & Son.

I hereby certify that I have measured the land on
which the oats entered for premium grew owned by C. K.
Ordway & Son, and it contains four acres and twenty-two
rods.

Richard Newell.

Dr.

115 00

ng,

5 00

9 75

20 00

5 00

25 00

179 79

6V.

1120 GO

27 00

STATEMENT OF ABEL STICKNEY, GROVELAND, HAY CROP.

The crop of English hay which I enter for the society's
premium, was grown on one acre and sixty-four rods of
land. This land slopes to the northwest, with a c\q,j sub-
soil.

The crop for 1889 was barley, sown at the rate of two

102

bushels of barley, one bushel of red top, one-half bushel
of Timothy, and six pounds of clover seed per acre.
About seven and one-half cords of barnyard manure was
applied to the whole piece, ploughed under six inches
deep. The two previous years this land was planted with
corn, having both years a good crop, about six cords of
barnyard manure, spread broadcast, and two hundred
pounds of fertilizer per acre, put in the hill each year.

The result of the crop of 1889 was a large barley hay
lodged badly, injured the grass roots some, but as it was
very wet after the barley was cut, it revived so that a very
good crop was cut in September.

In 1890 a large crop of clover hay was secured, nearly
as much bulk as was cut the present year, also a handsome
second crop of clover cut in August.

The crop which your committee had their attention
called to was cut June 27, mowed by machine and also
raked by horse, put in cock in the usual way in this vi-
cinity, spread and put in barn as soon as convenient.
After the hay was well settled (October 3rd), it contained
2,856 cubic feet, it being 2,040 cubic feet to the acre or
twelve and three-fourths feet to the rod. The expense of
securing this crop was about fifteen dollars. In Septem-
ber a rowen crop was taken from this land, but owing to
the dry weather in this part of the county at that time,
the crop was not large, no manure has been applied to
this land since the spring of 1889.

As the committee saw this hay after it was well settled
and satisfied themselves with the measure and quality,
you can estimate the weight of the same.
Respectfully submitted,

Abel Stickney.

This is to certify that I measured the land on which the
above crop of hay grew, and it contained one acre and
sixty-four rods.

W. K. Colby.

I03

REPORT ON THE TREADWELL FARM.

It was leased April 1st, for a term of three j^ears with
a privilege of five years to Mr. L. D. Stan wood, for -^250
per annum, who occupies the farm as a home which has
not been done before by tenants for many years.

The old farmhouse built in colonial times, has been
shingled and with paint and paper inside presents a very
comfortable and homelike appearance.

Mr. Stanwood has put the whole farm in neat and tidy
condition, quite commendable to the committee in charge.
He has stocked it with sixteen cows, one bull, four heif-
ers, two horses, six hogs, sixty fowls and all necessary
farm implements.

The crops the past season consist of thirty-five tons of
hay, one acre of corn, fifty bushels potatoes, two bushels
cranberries, sixtj^-five barrels of apples, with a suiiiciency
of garden vegetables. The principal sale from the farm
has been of milk.

The experiments required by the committee have proved
a failure from the fact of the potatoes that were planted
not coming up on account of faulty seed. The commit-
tee are pleased with Mr. Stanwood as a tenant.
Respectfully submitted,

Bknjamin p. Ware,

Chairman of Committee.

REPORT ON NEW MEMBERS.

The premium awarded to the person who obtains the
largest number of new members from any town or city in
the County, up to November 1st, is this year awarded to
Morris N. Howe, of Lawrence, for thirty-three new
members.

The total number of new members to Nov. 1, 1891, was
eighty-two, including those who by receiving awards of
seven dollars or upwards, became members under the rule

I04

which deducts three dollars from such awards to non-
members for membershp, which membership is for life,
without assessments, and entitles the member to a voice
and vote in the Society's business, and a copy of its annual
publication of its transactions. The following places fur-
nished the new members :

Andover 5, Manchester 1,

Beverly 2, Methuen 7,

Bradford 1, Nahant 2,

Dan vers 1, North Andover 4,

Essex 1, Rockport 3,

Georgetown 1, Rowley 1,

Haverhill 3, Salem 1,

Lawrence 46, Salisbury 1,

Sausfus 2.

REPORT OF THE DELEGATE OF THE STATE

BOARD OF AGRICULTURE TO THAT

BOARD OF HIS VISIT TO THE ESSEX

SOCIETY'S FAIR IN 1890.

To the State Board of Agriculture.

Gentlemen: — The delegate regularly appointed to
attend the fair of the Essex County society, Mr. Harwood,
of Barre, being unable to attend, I was requested by the
Secretary to substitute for him.

The Essex County Agricultural Society held its show
this year in the town of Beverly, Sept. 23 and 24, and
were favored with good weather both days. This society,,
as the Board knows, has no grounds, nor money invested
in a plant for exhibition purposes. It is a travelling show,
and by being such it avoids a large expense. I understand
that not only is it out of debt, but has an endowment
fund, which together with what it receives from the state,
enables it to pay fairly good premiums, and to conduct
the affairs each year without possible loss, whether the

I05

weather be favorable or otherwise. In a county like
Essex, with only one other agricultural society, in a remote
corner of the county, I am inclined to think that this
method is the best one. I certainly have never visited a
fair where more personal interest was taken by the farmers
in the exhibition than in this county. It was purely an
old-time agricultural cattle-show, but I regret to say that
while it is called a cattle show, it is in some respects a
misnomer, for the cattle were not present in sufficient
numbers to hardly warrant its classification under this
head.

I understand that this is a milk county, and that many
of the best herds are not exhibited because it would inter-
fere with the milk business. Also that many of the large
breeders object to taking their cattle to an exhibition
where there is no shelter. I suggested that the society
own a large tent, and why would not this be a good plan
for all societies of the state that do not have covered
buildings? If Barnum can exhibit his valuable animals
all over the country, in all sorts of weather, in tents, there
is no reason wliy owners of valuable cattle should not be
willing to exhibit them at cattle shows, provided they are
sheltered by a good tent or tents, and there is no out-door
exhibition so attractive as that given under canvas. It
seems to me that this society could own and transport a
tent from place to place quite as cheaply as the wooden
pens which they now employ.

As will be inferred, the show of cattle was meagre.
There were some excellent working oxen, and an
excellent herd from the Russell farm, but I did not see
the grand cow " Eurotissima," owned by Mr. Daniel
Appleton, that has beat in the record of the world. Mr.
Russell's herd is a magnificent one, but it may almost be
termed a professional herd, for it is exhibited at many
shows, and is prepared for exhibition. I would like to
have seen more amateur exhibitors, or rather more farmers
present with their own stock.

io6

The show of horses, especially of colts, was good ; but
the exhibitors were mostly " horsey '' men. Why docs the
breeding of horses make a man a jockey, whether he be
farmer or merchant, minister or layman. ?

There was a very good show of swine, and an excellent
display of poultry which was shown under a tent. There
was one exhibition of perhaps one hundred fowls, made in
the open ground, in a yard surrounded by wire fence, and
this was the prettiest sight of all. Is it not possible,
where the grounds are large enough, to display poultry in
this way? There was but one pen of sheep exhibited,
but they were good ones. It is said " that every dog has
his da}^" the dogs are evidently having their day in Essex
County.

The exhibit of fruit and vegetables was made in the
Town hall, and in a tent just outside. The exhibit in
these departments was full and satisfactory. 1 never saw
finer vegetables nor better fruit for the season. Mr.
Gregory made an exhibit of vegetables, or rather of types,
which was exceedingly interesting. He gave one valua-
ble suggestion to me, which I want to repeat and empha-
size in this report, namely, that there should be standards
fixed for the various kinds of vegetables and fruits, and
that overgrown as well as undersized specimens should
be ruled out ; also that in the judging we should
establish a scale of points, and that so many points should
be given for size, so many for color and so many for text-
ure, or any other qualities which it is desirable to take
into consideration. I would add to his suggestion that
the vegetables should be cooked, and their quality tested
on the grounds.

There was an art department wliich was not unlike the
art department of every other agricultural fair. I suppose
that it is necessary for agricultural shows to have an art
department. There were many works of art, especially
in the needle department, that were beautiful and worthy
of exhibition anywhere ; but in the way of patchwork

I07

bedquilts and pictures on the wall, there was a great deal
that were better omitted. If we are to teach art throug:h
these agricultural societies, let it be good art. To award
prizes for pictures which have not the slightest merit is
misleading. It gives the exhibitor the idea that he has
accomplished something, and encourages him to work in
directions not suited to his talents. It is claimed that it
is better for the heathen to remain ignorant than to carry
anything but the true gospel to them. So it is better
to not encourage art at all than to encourage that
which is not art but a satire upon it. Would it not
be well to send outside the limits of the society, and
engage a committee to pass upon the merit of articles
before they are admitted ? That is to employ something
similar to the " hanging committee " of the great art
exhibitions, whose duty it is to pass upon paintings
and other works of art to determine whether they possess
sufficient merit to be admitted to the exhibition. Such a
committee, composed of strangers, people of tact, could
quietly say to those who sent in these so-called works of
art, that they were not suitable for public exhibition,
pointing out, if they pleased, the defects, and so practically
become teachers of the many misguided and ignorant ex-
hibitors. If such a committee had been on the grounds
before the exhibition was opened, more than half the paint-
ings and drawings and patchwork bedquilts which were ex-
hibited in Beverly Town hall would have been withdrawn.
Quantity does not make up a successful exhibition — qual-
ity does. It would be better to retain the half dollars and
dollars given to such articles possessing no merit, and in-
crease the prizes on those which do possess merit, and so
encourage true art.

One grand feature of this exhibition is the annual ad-
dress by some distinguished citizen of our county. The
address this year was upon " Road-Making, " and contained
many valuable suggestions. It seemed like good old times
when an audience of farmers, with their wives, to the

io8

numberof three or four hundred, assembled in the Baptist
church to listen to good music by a quartette, and then
for three-quarters of an hour to an address on road-making,
which was of practical interest to the farmer. In modern
cattle shows, so-called, there would have been a horse
trot on the programme, against which the lecturer would
have had to compete and who is equal to that?

This society is doing admirable work in the way of ex-
periment, upon farms throughout the county, and much
attention is given to the work. Closing, I may call the
society a model one in many respects, but it is so situated
that it should lead in the work of agricultural exhibitions.
That it does lead in many departments, I believe is true.
That it might lead in all departments I believe is possible.

Yours truly,

W. H. BOWKER.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

The Society held seven Institutes during the season of
1890-91 on as many different days,forenoon and afternoon,
at which the following subjects were opened by carefully
prepared essays, and freely discussed by any and all per-
sons present who cared to discuss them, viz . —

1. " Would Agriculture and the success of this society
be better promoted by a permanent location of its Fairs ?"

2. " The new South."

3. " Fertilizers."

4. " Description of the Natural Bridge of Virginia ; "
" The Cave of Luray '' and " Lookout Mountain."

5. " How can Farmers dispose of their milk to the best
advantage?"

G. " Taxation."

7. " Is it for the interest of the Farmers of Essex
County to develop the Farm Horse or the Roadster and
Driving Horse?"

log

8. " Have the alleged causes of Agricultural Depres-
sion a sound foundation ?"

9. '• A Plea for the Forests " and " Woman's work in
the Grange."

10. " Home life on the Island of Capri " and " Wild
and Native Flowers.''

11. " Fertilizers or Plant food."

12. " Food rations for Farm stock."

13. " How can Farmers increase their Profits ?"

14. "Poultry."

All of these discussions were reported quite fully in the
" Essex Count}' Mercury " and a copy mailed to each
member of the society in the county.

The first Institute of the season and the 73rd of the
course was held at the Town Hall, Peabody, Friday, Jan.
2nd, 1891, President Ware presiding, the subject being
" Would Agriculture and the success of this society be
better promoted by a permanent location of its Fairs ?''
Owing to the very inclement state of the weather, it be-
ing rainy and bad travelling, the attendance was corres-
pondingly small. Mr. Nathan A. Bushby, of Peabody,
opened the discussion by stating in a clear and forcible
manner his reasons why he thought it better for the socie-
ty, and better for the public. In the first place he did not
want it for the sake of a Trotting course, but did believe
the society needed some place where horses and colts
could be shown to the committees and the public, either
in harness or by halter, for the general good of everybody.
He favored a permanent location because of the great
trouble in moving from place to place, a work lasting
three or four weeks to get the pens and other parapherna-
lia moved and set up again, ready for a Fair, and he
thought the time had arrived to do it because the old pens
were about worn out and the societj' would have to have
new ones soon. Again with permanent grounds and
buildings the various parts of the show could all be
brought together, whereas they are now often widely sep-

I lO

arated. In all of the cities and larger towns in the
county, it is difficult if not impossible to find land for the
display of live stock and ploughing, without going a long
distance from the exhibition hall and buildings in connec-
tion with other parts of the fair. When the society was
organized, it was easier to move the show than the people,
now with all of our railroad facilities it is easier to move
the people than the show. A central point in the county,
easy of access is what is wanted, and Dg,nvers is such a
place. The society's farm at Topsfield is geographically
more central but is not easy of access by steam and horse
cars. It may be said that other societies having a perma-
nent location are in debt, but they started in debt, whereas
this society has money enough on hand to start with.
Some of the old pens have been in existence forty years
and the exhibition of horned cattle grows less every year,
because the stock is not sheltered from the bad weather
that is likely to occur, and by having a permanent location
this objection could be overcome.

Mr. Butler, of Georgetown, followed Mr. Bushby in
much the same line of argument, but he did not wish it
understood that he thought the society a failure under the
present system, for it was not. He himself was not in
favor of horse trotting (as the common acceptance of the
term implies), but there are -^00,000 invested in horse
stock farms in Essex county, and their owners are entitled
to due consideration. He was in favor of a permanent
location for the convenience of exhibitors in all depart-
ments of the fair, and probable increase in the quantity
and quality of all exhibits. With a permanent location we
could have ample hall accommodations which now are
oftentimes deficient and the fair could be continued to
three or four days to the benefit of the society.

At this time a letter was read from Mr. F. H. Appleton,
who was unable to be present, and he was strongly op-
posed to a permanent location. He cited other societies
with permanent locations and said it only meant a local

Ill

organization within a short time, with local interests,
rather than general. The letter also suggested canvas
covering for the pens.

Mr. C. C. Blunt, of Andover, opposed permanent loca-
tion, but advocated Itents to protect the stock. He said
the society was in the first rank of agricultural societies
and hoped it would remain so.

Mr. Andrews, of Essex, and Mr. Emerson, of Haverhill,
answered some of the reasons alleged, why the location
should be permanent, very ably. Mr. Emerson said stock
must be moved the same with a permanent location as
now, and tents, buildings and pens will rot there the same
as now and wear out.

President Ware took the floor and made able remarks
against a permanent location. He said he thought a per-
manent location meant a horse trot and nothing else. He
believed a horse trot had no more to do with agriculture
than a circus had. The Essex society oifers much larger
premiums to exhibitors than other societies, and has ten
times the invested funds of any of them (except the Ames-
bury and Salisbury) and six times as much as they have.

In the afternoon Vice President 0. S. Butler, presided
and introduced President Ware, who gave an account of his
recent travels through the South. Before the war, the en-
tire energy of tlie planters was devoted to raising cotton,
while meat, provisions and about everything was imported
from the North and West, and in some few sections it is
much the same to-day. In some localities watermelons,
potatoes and other vegetables are raised and sent north at
a good profit.

A more shiftless, lazy and wasteful method of agriculture
the speaker never saw than on some of these cotton planta-
tions. Neither hay, corn, nor vegetables are raised for
home sustenance but are purchased instead, and all the
work put into the cotton crop. It is a very common custom
for the farmer to mortgage his crop to the storekeeper in
advance to get supplies on credit, and when the crop is har-

I 12

vested it all goes to the storekeeper, and the farmer is a
little in debt beside.

In time he mortgages his farm and eventually the store-
keeper gains possession and some of them become owners
of immense tracts of land in this way.

Before tlic war it was much the same way, but when the
farmer got in debt, he would sell a slave to save further
indebtedness and save the farm. The usual crop of cotton
to the acre is about half a bale or 250 pounds; from three
to five dollars worth of fertilizer is applied to the acre, and
a slack process of ploughing and hoeing gone through with.
By doubling the amount of fertilizer per acre they could
more than double their crop.

The cotton grows ordinarily about eighteen or twenty
inches in height, but with more fertilizer and better culture
would grow to three or four feet. The houses of many of
the farmers are mere hovels of logs with the chincks plas-
tered with mud.

A revolution is destined to be worked in the use of fer-
tilizer for cotton through the utilization of steel slag and
crushed cotton seed. The slag is rich in phosphoric acid
and is ground to a fine meal for use, while the cotton seed
hulls contain a very powerful concentrated potash. Cotton
seed was formerly a waste but an oil is now obtained from
it that easily passes for olive oil and is also used for the
adulteration of lard, while the pressed and ground hulls
yield us our cotton seed meal. The soil is of great fertility.
The speaker had seen one hundred bushels of shelled corn
raised to the acre in one place, though ten to twenty bushels
is more often the crop. The speaker met one man that
owned a nursery in Georgia and the growths of some of tlie
stocks were remarkable. The growth of one year from the
bud of a pear was eight feet in height and one iach in
diameter; enormous fruit and hay crops can be raised, and
the price of milk is double what it is here. The outlook
for southern agriculture is good, and the local market is
rapidly extending.

113

Iron, coal, clay, marble, granite and other natural pro-
ducts abound in the mountains and of good quality. The
whole New South is in a state of boom. The speaker de-
scribes several other matters of interest, one of which was
the way the people of Atlanta obtained their supply of
water, an artesian well driven over 2000 feet with a six inch
bore in the heart of the city. Tlie water rises to within
a few feet of the surface and is distributed over the city in
pipes with hydrants at intervals in the streets, but is never
put into the houses or other buildings. A simple pi"essure
of a lever draws the water, which is raised from the well by
pumping.

The 74th Institute was held at Parker Hall, Newbury,
Friday, January 16th, 1891. In the forenoon the subject
for discussion was " Fertilizers," opened by James J. H.
Gregory, of Marblehead.

The speaker in general gives a preference to fertilizers
over manures. Phosphates, said he, is a general term in-
correctly used to commercial fertilizers. They can gener-
ally be purchased cheaper by the farmer in the form of
wastes, than of the manufacturer all prepared. Thus fish
waste, which is very rich in nitrogen, can be purchased for
$3.50 per ton. The waste of slaughtering establishments is
rich in phosphoric acid and nitrogen, and is also very cheap.
Ashes contain the important items of potash and phosphoric
acid, which with nitrogen, form the great elements of plant
life, so that when using ashes as a fertilizer some other
material should be used to supply the nitrogen.

An excellent way of utilizing fertilizers he found to l)e by
laying successive layers, each two inches deep, of good soil,
ground bone, and unleached ashes. This mass he let heat
for two weeks, and then broke up and applied to the land.
By adding nitrate of soda to this we have one of the richest
fertilizers made.

He had tried different kinds of machines for distributing
fertilizers, but had found but dne that would fill the bill,
and this did not suit him for all kinds of crops. Mr. Greg-

114

ory cinpliasizcd the need of special fertilizers for different
croi)s. Thus wheat does best with nitrate of soda-nitrogen.
It is also especially good for asparagus. In like manner
sulphate of ammonia is beneficial to spinach. Nitrate of
soda will do wonders Avith tomatoes, though there must be
a fair share of potash and phosphoric acid to get' these
results.

Feriihzcrs should be ground very fine to get the best im-
mediate results. Barnyard manures, on the other hand, are
not plant food, but they contain the elements of plant food
and liave to await disintegration in the soil before they can
be utilized by the plant. The effects of barnyard manures
have been traced in the soil by chemists twenty years after
application, though of course their real practical value is
gone long before that time. In using fertilizers the nitrogen
disappears the first year. In applying to drill the fertilizer
should be dry. By favoring the use of fertilizers he did
not wish himself to be understood as opposing the use of
barnyard manures. He uses large quantities of it on his
farm at Middleton, because he can buy it comparatively
cheap, and transportation to his farm is easy by rail. But
if anyone asked him if barnyard manure was as cheap at a
gross cost of ^1.00 a cord as $7.00 worth of fertilizer, he
would answer no. By the use of fertilizers he had grown
cabbages three years in succession on the same land.
Another advantage of fertilizers is they can be applied to
growing crops at any stage of the crop. The advantage of
using barnyard manures is that they add humus (black
earth) to the soil, which holds the fertilizing elements and
aids in the mechanical effects on the soil.

The same result can be obtained by planting grains or
clover in the fall and ploughing it under in the spring.
Growing clover produces about 178 pounds of nitrogen per
acre, which it takes from the air. This is equal to the
nitrogen in seven cords of stable manure. In answer to a
question whether " fire fanging " (baking and heating) in-
jured manure, Mr. Gregory replied that it did by liberating

115

the ammonia, though this could be replaced by adding fish
waste.

Mr. George A. Tapley, of Revere, believed in stable
manure. He got all he wanted for $2.00 per cord, and it
acted promptly on the plants with good results.

Mr. T. C. Thurlow, of West Newbury, believed in stable
manure, but it cost him f 8.00 per cord on his farm, and the
high cost compelled him to use fertilizers. He had used a
mixture of 1000 pounds of ground bone, 500 pounds of
muriate of potash, and 200 pounds of nitrate of soda, with
excellent results.

Mr. Charles W. Woods, of Newbury, expressed himself as
in favor of fertilizers as compared with the high cost of
stable manure.

At the afternoon meeting Mr. Gregory presided, and
President Ware gave an address, the subject being, " Look-
out Mountain, The Natural Bridge and Luray Cave."

From Lookout Mountain Mr. Ware said, on a clear day,
one can see over an area of 500 miles, and parts of seven
different states. There are two railroads up the mountain
— one a cable road — and a spacious hotel, with pure air,
pure water, gas, etc., when you get there. He referred
briefly to the battle of Lookout Mountain, to Missionary
Ridge, and several other noted and interesting places. The
mountain, on three sides, is of precipitous overhanging rock.
There is a locality (which has been given the title " Garden
of ;the Gods") on the mountain, remarkable for its curious
rock formations, resembling various animate and inanimate
objects, which the speaker dwelt upon at length. He next
spoke about the Natural Bridge, of Virginia. The rock is
of hard blue limestone, that forms the bridge, connecting
the opposite banks of a ravine. The width beneath the arch
varies from 60 to 90 feet. The height from the bed of the
ravine to the underside of arch is 165 feet, and the depth
of the rock and earth composing the bridge 40 feet.
The speaker described in detail the attractions of the place.
The territory about here — some 3000 acres was granted to

ii6

Thomas Jefferson, by King George III, in 1774, but now it
is largely owned by Essex County capitalists, who are devel-
oping the property. The town of Luray where the Luray
Caverns arc, is on the boom like a good many other south-
ern towns. The land was sold by order of the court, and the
discoverers of the cave bought it for what was considered a
good price, but it has increased fabulously in price since.

The cave has been made easy for travel with cement
floors, bridges, etc. It is full of stalactites and stalagmites,
some of which bear most striking resemblance to fish, veg-
etables, organ-pipes, etc. It is well lighted by electric
lights, but each visitor also carries a candle. The color of the
formations is generally a dark, dirty brown, very few being
white. One can walk three-fourths of a mile in the cave
without retracing his steps, and the temperature rarely
varies from about fifty-four degrees the year through.

The speaking which followed took a wide field of natural
phenomena. Mr. Gregory compared the bend in the
Tennessee river, as seen from Lookout mountain, to that in
the Connecticut, as seen from Mt. Holyoke, which, in
his opinion, was the most beautiful of any view in New
England. Mr. Nathaniel Dole, of Newbury, gave a descrip-
tion of the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky and the surround-
ings. Several others spoke of and described various noted
places and freaks of nature that had come under their ob-
servation until time to adjourn.

The 75th Institute was held at Town Hall, Georgetown,
Friday, Jan. 30, 1891. The subject for discussion in the
forenoon was, " How can farmers dispose of their milk to
the best advantage ?" opened by Mr. Willard F. Kinsman,
of Ipswich, who said there are three prime essentials re-
quisite to the advantageous or profitable disposal of our
milk. (1) Good cows, (2) an abundant and economical
^ood supply, and (3) a price above the cost of production.

Mr. Kinsman quoted from the "Country Gentlemen,"
Col. F. D. Curtis, as saying that the farmers and dairy-
men, in New York state, are carrying 1,000,000 unprofit-

117

able cows. Now the total number of cows put down for
New York is 1,552,373, which would show that only one-
third of the cows kept in that state pay for more than their
keeping. In the thirty-five towns in Essex county, with an
estimate of 30,000 cows, according to the same ratio, 7,000
should be weeded out. How to find them out and how to
get rid of them is the question for the farmer. Good
judgment is needed for this. A cow whose milk may be
profitable for butter making, may be unprofitable when her
milk is sold. Decide for what purpose you want the cow
first. If a cow's milk production falls short of 2000 quarts
a year get rid of her. A cow producing 2500 quarts of
milk a year the speaker considered a good one. If that is
sold to a middleman at three and one-half cents a quart the
income will be -187.50, admitting the cost of grain (at the
present high prices) to be the same amount. The farmer
has the manure for profit and it will pay to keep the animal.

On the other hand if the milk is produced for butter mak-
ing, suppose the animal does not exceed 2000 quarts, test
her milk in a Cooley creamer by itself. Should her milk
show a space of cream for every quart, even though she
gives only six or seven quarts a day, she pays for keeping
and her butter production will be a pound a day. Figure
the profits of this cow ; from 2000 quarts 2000 spaces of
cream, averaging three and one-half to four and one-half
cents a space ; taking the lowest price the income from
cream alone would be $70, and in addition there are
left 1400 quarts of skim milk on the farm for feeding pur-
poses, worth one cent a quart, and often selling as high as
three cents. This brings the total income from the cow up to
eighty-four dollars. The question is asked, where are our
good cows to come from? and the speaker answered, raise
them. Some farmers will move heaven and earth to sell
their skim milk at one cent a quart, when there are various
kinds of young stock on the farm actually suifering for it,
and to which it may be fed at a profit.

Dealing with the third point of his essay the speaker

ii8

considered the price of the milk. When a farmer is so
situated that he can sell directly to the consumer at five or
six cents a quart, he, no doubt, sells at a profit ; but the rest
must sell to the middleman or the co-operative creamery.
The middleman, as all know to their sorrow, has often
proved a rope of sand, but the co-operative creamery, he be-
lieved to be the remedy for surplus milk every time. Of
good cream and fine butter there will probably never be an
over supply, and co-operative dairying in New England is
only in its infancy. He believes in making butter by this
method and feeding the skim milk to calves, colts and poul-
try, and it will pay. Mr. Butler, of Georgetown, asked for
facts concerning the Ipswich creamery, in which Mr.
Kinsman was interested. In reply, the speaker said, some
had raised cream and sold to the creamery, and done very
well out of it, while others said it would bring them to the
almshouse if they sold it that way long enough. But to
make a success from butter a man wants butter cows, his
cows will average a pound of butter from six spaces of cream.
As a rule he finds six and one-half spaces of cream make a
pound of butter, but by feeding less grain it takes seven.
The Ipswich creamery has been very successful in its oper-
ations by having good cows adapted to butter, rather than
to the large flow of milk, and had paid dividends of four per
cent, to its stockholders. A general discussion followed,
and the general sentiment was that when farmers are so
situated that they cannot sell their milk direct to the con-
sumer, the system of co-operative creameries was the best
way for them to get the most from their milk.

The subject for the afternoon was " Unequal Taxation,"
the speaker being George A. Tapley, Esq. , of Revere, who
had evidently given the subject a good deal of thought and
careful study. He spoke of the universal interest of land
owners in the subject, of its agitation in the legislature and
elsewhere. He said all legislation seemed to be in favor of
the lender and against the borrower of money. It is time
for farmers to unite and organize for a change. In 1885

119

there were 45,010 farmers in this state, and four times that
number of small house holders ; if all work in concert they
may accomplish the object sought. The man who does not
pay his full share of taxes cheats his neighbor who does.
One-half the buildings in the state are mortgaged, and the
lender pays no tax on his mortgaged notes, but the
mortgaged property does pay a tax, and because the mortgage
note is untaxed, the borrower really pays the tax on that too.
Assessors are now required, by law, to have sworn state-
ments of property, but as there is no penalty' attached, he
fails to do it.

Mr. Tapley here read the Vermont tax law passed by
farmers. Our own state provides that any one who thinks
himself overtaxed may apply to the County Commissioners,
but this is uncertain and unsatisfactory. In Boston, accord-
ing to the best authority, -i^lOO, 000,000 of property is exempt
from taxation. He said the tax rate in the state could prob-
ably be reduced one-half if all property was taxed. Mr.
Amos Hasletine, Jr., of Haverhill, followed Mr. Tapley, and
said it was not too strong a statement|to say that one-third of
the taxable property in the state is untaxed. The legislative
act to prevent what is called " double taxation," is an injus-
tice, and works directly against the man who mortgages
his property, and in favor of the man holding the note.
The state tax is about eleven and one-half mills on one
hundred dollars, and the county tax not over one mill more,
and the savings bank property, exempted, would pay the
state and county tax if it were taxed. The tendency is to
put all taxes on real estate. The trouble is the farmers
are overthrown by the manufacturing interests. Mr. Ayer,
of Methuen, ridiculed double taxation; he said there neither
is nor has been double taxation ; all there was to it mortgage
notes were exempt and they should be taxed. In addition to
that the farmer, whose property is all in sight and taxed,
bears the burden of invisible property which escapes taxa-
tion. He cited and condemned a certain as-^ociation, in

I20

Boston, which sought to tax real estate only. Farmers are
competent to make laws as shown in Vermont ; let them
do so here.

Pj-esident Ware spoke of the efforts the grange made last
year in the interest of more equal taxation, but it tried to
do too much and did not succeed. What we need is a law
to tax all personal property.

Mr. Little, of Amesbury, was in sympathy with the pre-
vious speakers and went back to the first principles of gov-
ernment, which made taxation a necessity for the public
good. He believed in taxing all property whatsoever, and
then rebate what was deemed advisable.

The 76th Institute was held at Ipswich, Friday, Feb.
13, 1891. The subject for discussion in the forenoon was,
" Is it for the interest of the farmers of Essex County to
develop the farm horse, or the roadster and driving horse ? "
President Ware being absent in the morning, Vice President
Butler presided, and being appointed to open the subject
with an essay, he was obliged to do double duty.

The breeding of horses, said the speaker, is profitable, like
any other business, if you succeed, and success is always
profitable. Success depends more upon the man and his
conditions than upon the business. The conditions of suc-
cess depend, first upon the farm and its location, second
upon a clear conception of what you intend to raise, third up-
on the selection of stock, fourth upon the development of the
colt in a proper manner, and fifth upon the early and proper
training of the colt. In regard to the first condition the
farm should have good pasturage for summer, and good
grass land to provide winter fodder. The farm should be
far cnough"from the city to make the price of land reason--
al)lc. In choosing the kind of horses you will breed con-
sider the market you arc to supply, ^aving determined
the kind of a horse to bi-ecd, select the best strains, particu-
larly for the sire, which transmits his form, color and tem-
per. For a drivinghorso he recommended the Black Hawk

121

strain of^the Morgan, crossed with the Clyde, Percheron or
French coach horse. If more speed is wanted cross the
Black Hawk with a thoroughbred.

Develop your colt rapidly and evenly, but not forcibly ;
feed generously, but not over feed. Commence early to
develop the habits and character of the colt; teach him
that he is completely in your power, but that you are his
best friend. Teach him the use of the bit young, but be
careful when you put the bit in his mouth, never twitch or
jerk the bit as it will make him hard mouthed. Teach him
the use of reins, and in doing so use a few simple words
with a meaning, always using the same words for the same
thing. Then teach the colt to stand still in all places and
under all circumstances, and not have him go, no matter
how much he wants to, until you give him the word, and
make him feel that he is under the entire control of his
master. The speaker touched briefly upon shoeing, stabling,
feed, and remedies for various diseases. Coming back to the
profit, he considered the value of such a horse as he had
described to be in excess of the cost of raising, which would
probably be «300 to 1350. The satisfaction of having such a
horse is a pleasure not only to yourself but to your family.

Others spoke of the intelligence of the horse and thought
there was a good field for success in raising the right kind of
horses. Fine horses are raised in Maine, and why not raise
them in Massachusetts. Some people think there is a stig-
ma on a man that tries to raise a trotting horse, and very
unjustly too, for it takes a man of brains to raise trotting
horses and do it successfully.

At the afternoon session, Mr. George W. Russell, of West
Newbury, read a paper on the subject, " Have the alleged
causes of Agricultural depression a sound foundation? if so
what are the real causes of such depression."

In opening Mr. Russell said that the gathering before
him did not show much evidence that farming does not pay.
We in New England do not know much about agricultural
•depression, but their complaint of such depression, and

122

the alleged causes for it are : First, insufficient quantity of
money ; second, protective tariffs ; third, trusts ; fourth,
speculation in farm products; lifth, inequality in taxation ;
sixth, too high rates of transportation.

In regard to the insufficient quantity of money, the actual
circulation in this country Jan. 1, was $1,529,000,000, or
$29 per capita. In Great Britain the circulation per capita
was 5^529.01; in France, $57.36, and in Germany, i>20.63,
so that this country stands about even with Great Britain,
and second only to France in this respect. The free coin-
age of silver would quickly retire all the gold, and gold cer-
tificates from circulation, really contract the currency and
make it harder to get money on any kind of security than
now. Any student of the condition of agriculture knows
that protective tarilfs are necessary for agricultural pros-
perity. No country, past or present, has a paying system
of agriculture that does not or has not protected its home
industries.

If we protect our labor, trusts or syndicates will be a
benefit to the masses and will give us cheap production and
distribution. So far as speculation in farm products is con-
cerned, there is no more than there is in other things,
though if the producer could deal more directly with the
consumer it would be advantageous.

Transportation is as low as it can be at present and pay
fair wages to labor and capital employed, thcugh improved
methods may bring down rates as rapidly as in the past.

The cost to the people of our railway services for freight
and passengers is just one-third the cost of the same ser-
vice in England, and English companies pay their employ-
ees less than one-half what ours pay. So much for the
alleged causes of agricultural depression.

Now for the real causes, which the speaker enumerated as
first, a greater increase in agricultural products than in
population ; second, the vast increase in the production of
cereals in other countries, and third the employment of
people to do our manufacturing and produce our wool and

123

sugar whom we do not feed. These several points Mr.
Russell considered at some length. While in the thirty-
nine years ending in 1889, the popidation has increased 175
per cent.; farms have increased 260 per cent; cattle, 185
per cent. ; swine, 66 per cent.; cotton, 201 per cent.; corn,
257 per cent. ; wheat, 389 per cent, and oats, 411 per cent.
In addition to this the production of cereals has enormous-
ly increased in Russia, India, Canada, and South America,
where the soil is richest and the wages of laborers lowest.
The black lands of Russia alone could feed the entire world
if sufficient transportation were provided. We cannot
compete in other markets except at the cost of American
labor. In 1889 we imported more than 300,000,000 in
agricultural products, but that of course displaced so much
of American.

The other great cause of agricultural depression is the
employment of foreigners to do our manufacturing, whom
we do not feed. We imported last year more than -tOOO,-
000,000 worth of goods that we might better have produced
ourselves. This means that we employed more than
2,000,000 people that we did not feed. It would be safe to
say that if we produced all the goods that we now import,
our present production of meat and cereals would not feed
our population.

The 77th Institute was held at the Town Hall, Bradford,
Friday, February 27. The driving snow storm in the morn-
ing made it look very doubtful about there being many in
attendance, and as it was " Woman's " day (for President
Ware said that " woman " signified far more than lady),
and as one subject was " The all around woman " perhaps
he was right. But before noon the sun burst forth and
there was a goodly number present.

Mrs. Martha De M. Gage opened the meeting by reading
an essay, and the subject she selected " A Plea for tlie
Forests " indicated that she had given the subject careful
consideration. She spoke first of the trees and groves in
history, romance and poetry, commencing with the famous

124

cedars of Lebanon, proceeding to a more practical view of
the subject. The essayist said that there is a greater varie-
ty of trees in this country than any other, for it includes
all those of the temperate and many of the torrid zones.
She quoted official reports on forestry to show that the cut-
ting off of forests tended to produce droughts and freshets.
The leaves and debris that fall from the trees in forests re-
tain the water and feed it out gradually to the ground, giv-
ing rivers and brooks more steady supply through the year
but when the forests are swept away the rainfall or melting
snow and ice swell the rivers with a sudden rush and none
is held in reserve.

The cutting off of forests in New York state, Ohio, and
other western states is bringing about this result with the
large rivers. Ohio was a great fruit state and noted as such,
but the cutting away of the forests has almost destroyed
the industry. The essayist referred to early colonial laws
to prevent the needless and unauthorized destruction of
forests.

Mrs. Harriet L. Bailey, of West Newbury, followed Mrs.
Gage with an essay on " Woman's work in the Grange."
Mrs. Bailey spoke of the valuable help that woman renders
man in various organizations, among other things her work
in the Woman's Relief Corps of the Grand Army. In the
Grange her membership raises the moral and intellectual
standard. It is in her province to make the meetings more
interesting and thus draw the attendance of the young men
who might otherwise be tempted to frequent questionable
resorts.

The farmers' calling was once not looked upon as desira-
ble by young women, the clerk in the store with his social
advantages was far preferable. This is now changed.
Agriculture as a profession is rising in the general estima-
mation. No one has better opportunity to secure education
than the modern farmer. According to the last report the
state granges numbered 8,964 members, and the increase in
1890 was 1,364. In the literar}^ line, women can do much

125

to aid the grange. In all granges she holds four of the
offices, and in some six, and the general comment is she
does her work in those offices as well or better than men.

Mrs. Fred H. Bishop, of the Massachusetts Ploughman,
read the next paper and her subject was " The all around
woman.'' Mrs. Bishop evidently considered the " all
around woman " as one healthy and well developed physi-
cally and mentally, capable of following a profession if need
be, of participating in public affairs, of marrying wisely, or
in case she does not marry, of following a happy and use-
ful life in some profession or calling. The true man and
the true woman like the same thing, but like them different-
ly. The ideal woman is a reality to-day and is becoming
more so. She will choose her own course in life. Many
choose single lives for lofty reasons, that some of her mar-
ried sisters do not comprehend. But should she decide on
the '• highest relation " let her look carefully as to whether
she will chain herself to a block or a helper ; if she is free
from hereditary taint, and healthy, she will decide that she
wants to marry. In closing Mrs. Bishop spoke of the ad-
vance women are making. A century ago there were no
girls in the public schools, now they are not only admitted
in schools but in colleges on equal terms with boys and in
many callings and professions in life, women are on an
equal with men.

The last paper of the forenoon was read by Miss Lizzie
Huntington, of Amesbury, whose subject was, " What the
farmer has done and may do to make home attractive''
The ideal home, said the essayist, must be in the country,
and the tendency of the times is to devote more time and
money to the aesthetics of the home. The old times when
home ornamentation was not considered, have passed away
with the people who lived in those days, and here the essay-
ist drew a mental picture of the oldtime farmhouse kitchen
with the mantle on which rested two or three brass candle-
sticks, a row of flatirons, tobacco, pipes, and perhaps a
pitcher of cider, and from this she gradually presented the

126

other extreme of modern times, of over adornment where
the house is so packed with fancy ornamentation that tlie
visitor is uncertain how he shall move about.

The woman's sphere is her home, but she need not think
of giving up her interest or participation in outside affairs
on that account. The essayist believed in open windows,
pure air, plenty of sunshine, instead of close musty parlors.
Improve yourselves as well as your homes, do not neglect to
set out shade and fruit trees, take care of the lawn and flow-
er garden, and do not forget the vegetable garden. None
need an education more than the farmer, and in this direc-
tion the grange is a powerful agent, while it is next to the
church in its influence for good. The memory of a beauti-
ful and happy home is the richest legacy children can in-
herit.

The afternoon session was opened by the reading of an
essay on '' Home life on the Island of Capri,'' by Mrs. Mar.
garet B. Wright of Cambridge. A small island of some
4,000 inhabitants and three and one-half miles long by two
wide in its greatest length and breadth. The island rises
abruptly from the water like a peak of a submerged moun-
tain, the cliffs on one side rising sheerly up 900 feet from
the water. With its 4,000 inhabitants, it has three villages,
one of which is a little fishing hamlet.

Until the government road was built, Anacapri (one of
the villages) could be reached only by means of 535 enor-
mous steps, very steep and high, being gouged out from the
face of the precipitous rock straight up from the sea. Don-
keys were trained to go up and down tlrese steps, heavily
laden, and so did women themselves, creatures of burden,
with stone crates of fruit and casks of wine on their head.
At first sight Capri seems to be an Amazonian Isle with
almost no men at all, and those few lounging about doing
nothing. But this is explained when it is learned that the
men are off coral fishing. The products of the island are
oranges, lemons, grapes, figs, olives, fish, quails and wine.
Quails are captured in immense numbers during their mi-

127

oration. Ploughins^, spinning, and the manufacture of oil
are conducted now just the same as they were two thousand
years ago, and their lamps or rather lights, for they use cot-
ton rags dipped in liquid grease, and equally primitive
stoves. The process of wine making is precisely the same
as it was in Bible times, the grapes being all trodden.

Among many other characteristics of the Islanders, Mrs.
Wright mentioned the general absence of drunkenness, the
natural inclination to dancing and music, and the wonder-
fully sweet music the women will extract from jewsharps.

Mrs. Charlotte N. S. Horner of Georgetown read a pa-
per on " Wild Flowers and Native Trees " of which she
has been a close student, and which was very interesting
and instructive. Mrs. Horner commenced with a history
of the early colonial interest in trees and wild flowers.

Even before the coming of the white man the Indians
had commenced their work of reclaiming, and to them we
are indebted for corn, squashes, melons, beans, and tobac-
co. The planting of fruit gardens and orchards, followed
close upon the coming of the Pilgrims and Puritans, and
were the rule in the border towns and islands of Massachu-
setts Bay.

Gov. Endicott planted his immediately after his arrival
in 1620. The planting of shade and ornamental trees
early received the thought of our ancestors, as is witnessed
by the noble specimens about the old homesteads ; and in
this connection especial mention is made of the Pearson
elm in Newbury, the Hale elm in Boxford and many other
ancient trees that are or were renowned for their size and
age.

Allusion was also made to the gardens of our great
grandmothers, with their pinks, peonies, marigolds and
hollyhocks, mingling with the medicinal herbs ; such as
wormwood, spikyard, hoarhound, etc., traces of which may
still be occasionally seen in some fence corner or clump of
rose bushes, or lilacs, where they have bloomed for a hun-
dred years. Mrs. Horner here gave a long list of wild

128

flowers wliich she had transplanted to our gardens with
success. Nearly all our county trees are suitable for shade
or ornament, but intelligent thought is necessary in selec-
tion and location. For instauce trees with roots running
near the surface of the ground like the elm, white maple
and beech, although among the most beautiful of our shade
trees, should not occupy roadsides bordering upon gardens.
The hickory is a good shade tree if found growing in the
right place, but rarely stands transplanting ; but the favor-
ite ornamental tree is very plainly the rock maple.

Preceding and interspersing tlie exercises through the day,
there was very acceptably and finely rendered violin music
by Miss Ladd, singing by Miss Kate Knight, and organ ac-
companiments by Mrs. Bates, all of Bradford.

A vote of thanks was here passed to all the ladies who
had read the papers of the day, and also to those who had
furnished the music, follow^ed by about half an hour's dis-
cussion upon the various topics by the gentlemen present
who had listened attentively all day to the ladies.

The 78th Institute was held at Town Hall, Wenham, Fri-
day, March 13, 1891, and although it was very rainy, and
very bad travelling, there was a good attendance. Prof.
George fi. Whitcher, of the New Hampshire experimental
station was the speaker forenoon and afternoon. The sub-
ject for the forenoon was " Plant Food."

In opening the speaker expressed his appreciation of the
attendance on such a day, as one that showed the enthusi-
asm and interest in farming in this county.

He should consider the subject from a scientific standpoint,
but showing the practical operation of scientific principles.
In the first place he considered the chemistry of the crop
itself, and proceeded to find out from the elementary parts
of the crop what elements are required to produce it.

To illustrate this he gave the results of the analysis of a
stalk of corn weighing about five pounds. About eighty
per cent, of this stalk (which was immature) was water, a
very considerable proportion of the remainder was starch, a

129

much smaller proportion sugar, a small quantity of oil,
albumenoids and ash. The exact proportion of these different
elements was exhibited in bottles, thus giving the audience
a clear idea of the relative parts. Now all these substances
are obtained from the soil or atmosphere, and it is impor-
tant to know where each came from. Starch, sugar and oil
are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, these three
elements combining in different proportions in each of the
substances named.

The remaining solid from the corn — the albumenoids —
is also composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, to which
is added fifteen per cent, of nitrogen. The oxygen and
hydrogen are drawn directly from the soil in the form of
water, but primarily the water is furnished by the atmos-
phere ; the carbon also comes from the atmosphere in the
form of carbolic acid gas ; the source of the nitrogen is not
known, but the speaker believed that, with few exceptions,
it comes from the air. This would leave the ash alone to
be supplied by the soil.

Applying the analysis of the five pound stalk of corn to
twenty tons (the crop of an acre) gives about the following
component parts of the entire crop : 32,580 lbs. of water,
2,400 lbs. of sugar, 1,394 lbs. of starch, 895 lbs. of fibre,
237 lbs. of fat, 75G lbs. of albumenoids and 408 lbs of ash.
Now the ash alone is supplied by the soil, while all the
other parts come from the air, and the question arises,
" Must we put back on the soil all of the ash taken by this
crop ?" and the speaker replied in the negative. Of the 408
lbs. of ash in the crop, 150 lbs. are silica (of which there
is plenty in the soil), 17 lbs. of magnesium (which does not
require replenishing), 17 of soda (which is not necessary
to the plant), 44 lbs. of phosphoric acid, 120 lbs. of potash
and 120 lbs. of nitrogen, the last three (284 lbs.) being the
only essentials of the ash, or of the whole plant product,
that it is necessary to put back into the soil.

Here then are the necessary bases of manures and fertil-
izers, viz : nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash.

I30

Barnyard manure is, and must continue to be, the great
standard supply of fertilizer, but we are apt to mistake bulk
for value. For instance a ton or 2000 lbs. of barnyard
manure has only about twenty-four pounds of actual plant
food. Phosphoric acid, potash and nitrogen combined will
make a perfect fertilizer, and here the speaker urged the
farmers to Ijuying the three parts of fertilizer and mix them
at home.

To show the value of the different elements entering
into the chemical fertilizers and their compounds. Prof.
Whitcher cited a series of experiments in raising corn in
New Hampshire, the result being shown in the value of the
crop per acre. Without fertilizer of any kind, -11^70 ; with
potash alone, $94.70 ; phosphoric acid alone, $73.76 ; phos-
phoric acid and potash, -llll ; phosphoric acid and nitro-
gen, 156.99; nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash, $104;
prepared fertiHzer,Nl^95.67 ; complete chemicals, $108.58 ;
potash and nitrogen without the acid, $101.79 ; and ashes
alone, $107.94. The best results all over the state were
with complete fertilizers, in which nine parts were phos-
phoric acid, eleven of potash, and three of nitrogen. In
answering a request Prof. Whitcher gave the following
formula for mixing chemicals for a crop of corn : 325 lbs.
dissolved bone-black, 70 lbs. sulphate of ammonia, 100 lbs.
muriate of potash. This gives a preparation of 500 lbs. for
an acre at a cost of $10.

For a potato crop he recommended 360 lbs. of bone-
black, 140 lbs. muriate of potash, omitting the ammonia, at
a cost of $8. There is no danger in mixing the chemicals,
and it is easily done on the barn floor.

In reply to a question Prof. Whitcher said that he consid-
ered $1.00 invested in prepared fertilizer would raise corn
to the value of $1.50, and $1.00 in chemical fertilizer to the
value of $2.50. There is no danger in using as high as ten
per cent, of potash in the fertilizer, but each one should
find out how much his land required and apply accordingly.

The afternoon subject, " Animal Foods," was like that

131

of the morning, treated by Prof. Whitcher from a scientific
standpoint. The question is what rations will give the
best results with animals, and experimenting in this line is
still young yet.

The subject may be divided into three parts : " Wluitis the
food for ?" " How much should be fed ?" and "What kind
should be fed ?" Every substance fed to animals contains
starch, sugar, oil, albumenoids and other substances, but in
different proportions. Now we feed to sustain life, and to
do that it is necessary first, to produce heat ; second, to
produce force or energy ; and third, to produce growth or
increase the live weight.

The temperature of the animal body must remain the
same the year round, no matter whether the atmosphere is
zero or ninety, and this heat is maintained by food, the
same as coal in a boiler. In the second place we feed force
and energy, and it is estimated that a working ox consumes
three times as much as one standing still in the barn. And
third we feed to increase the live weight, or growth, wheth-
er fat, wool, muscle or whatever is desired, and dili'erent
foods are adapted to these various needs.

Milk contains about eighty-seven parts water, thirteen
parts solids, and this latter substance contains nitrogen,
the muscular parts of the animal, the wool of the sheep, etc.,
from the albumenoids of the food. Mr. Whitcher devoted
himself principally to the feeding of milch cows, and gave
as an excellent ration for a cow weighing 1000 pounds, for
one day's feed, twenty pounds hay, five pounds of corn fod-
der or oat straw, three pounds o[ corn meal, three pounds
gluten and three pounds of middlings. If ensilage were
used in place of hay, he would give forty-four pounds a day.
Ensilage mixed with coarse fodder makes a good ration,
and oat straw is as good as English hay when mixed with
ensilage. Clover mixed with hay makes a good ration for
butter ; but altogether too much starchy food, principally
corn meal, is fed to milch cows. It would be better i^
farmers used no more corn meal than what they raised here

132

in New England. Either cotton seed meal, gluten or mid-
dlinfjs would make a orood substitute.

In answer to questions Prof. Whitclier said that the change
of feed does not affect the quality of the milk, though it
does the quantity. A possible exception to this rule may be
found in the case of swill fed cows near the city, but even
here the speaker was in doubt. If the feed changes the
quality of the milk the cow is not in her normal condition,
and the farmer is milking a sick cow. Cotton seed meal
in the feed will produce hard butter, and some creameries
rule it out altogether on that account ; but gluten meal
makes soft butter ; no feed affects the butter fats. He did
not believe cotton seed meal would cause garget if fed un-
derstandingly.

The 79th and last Institute of the season was held at
Topsfield, Friday, March 27, and was weU attended. The
subject for the forenoon was " How can farmers increase
their profits " and was opened by a paper by Mr. E. A.
Emerson of Haverhill. In opening he referred to the mis-
taken policy of considering only as profits the money gain
of a business, while in farming there are advantages that
money can't buy, the freedom, the out of door life, and
close communion with nature. It was man's first occupa-
tion, and is now his most important one. The only one of
all callings without which he could not live. And while,
financially, nine out of ten in other business fail, very few
farmers meet such disaster.

There are three ways in which a farmer may increase his
profits, first, by education, second, by business methods,
and third, by organization.

The farmer needs as thorough an education as the pror
fessional man, both in practical farming and business meth-
ods, and his opportunities for acquiring such education
have greatly increased, with agricultural colleges, farmers'
institutes, &c.

In business the average farmer can better himself in
many ways. As a rule he is troubled about his help ; his

best help lie does not pay enough, and for poor help he
pays too much. In some directions he could cut off unnec-
essary expenses, particularly in stock feeding, which is
rarely conducted on the best principles. Again he should
know what his farm products cost him and sell them at a
profit, the same as the merchant does, and not sell at a hap-
hazard price named by his customers. The farm should be
run to its full capacity, the same as manufacturing establish-
ments. Manure should be applied heavily, and in many
cases two crops be obtained in a season, where now the
yield is only one.

The farmer should also attend to his political duties, see
to it that the milk standard for a certain per cent, of solids
be abolished and in its place, substitute a law requiring that
milk for the market be produced from healthy cows fed
with wholesome food.

He should" also buy his supplies in larger quantities and
for cash, and in this connection he recommended organiza-
tion, particularly that afforded by the grange, by which he
can concentrate and utilize individual force, and in closing
he made a special plea fur the grange, the object of which
is to further the farmers' interests.

Mr. Samuel Hawkes, of Saugus, said farming was much
more depressed in the West than in the East. The cause is
overproduction, brought about by the opening of new land
by the railroads. He thought organization a good thing
when properly directed, but in the West at the present time
a bad thing for the farmers when directed by the farmers
for a debased currency.

Mr, N. P. Perkins, of Wenham, coincided with the essay-
ist in the idea that farmers sliould work more intelligently
and find what crops they could raise at a profit and stick to
them, rather than to have visionary dreams of what they
might do and change from year to year from one thing to
another.

The speaker had seen farm tools and machinery, such as
mowing machines left out in the field all winter and thought

134

there could not be much profit in tliat. Farmers may gain
much in organizing and pushing things for their interest.

Mr. Hazeltine, of Haverhill, followed with remarks in
sympathy with the former speakers, and said we in New
England must be content to farm in a small way as com-
pared with the large farmers of the West. We can make a
living but cannot make large profits. He criticised sundry
legislative acts as against the farmers' interest, and criti-
cised the farmers for not taking proper interest in such
things.

0. S. Butler, of Georgetown, complimented the essayist
for the able manner in which he had treated his subject, and
finally told of many legislative laws that were burdensome
to the farmers, and said that if the farmers would work as
hard to protect their interests, as people in other callings,
and organize for the purpose, they could have some say in
the making of laws for their benefit and make money by it.
Hon. Warren Brown, of Hampton Falls, was called upon
and said that it was plain to everybody that the condition
of the farmer had improved very much in the last fifty
years. A flower garden near the house, an added bay win-
dow, and a supply of daily and other newspapers on almost
every farm gave evidence of it. He said he thought if some
farmers would mind their business more and grumble less
at what people in other vocations were doing, they would
get along better.

Mr. C. J. Peabody, of Topsfield, agreed with the former
speaker in the last of his remarks, by illustrating cases
that had come under his personal observation, ai?d cited
cases of bookkeepers, clerks and others, where they were
shut up in ill ventilated rooms all day and lost their
health, and worked hard, and at the end of the year were
no better off than the farmer, ihey only had earned their
living, and the farmer had done that and had had pure
air to breathe and was well, hearty and robust.

vVt the opening of the afternoon session. President
Ware said that this was the seventh and last of the

successful series of Institutes conducted by the Society
during the winter. He also read several very complimen-
tary letters concerning the recently published transactions
■of the Society from parties outside of the state as well as
in the state. The subject for the afternoon was " Poul-
try," to be opened by Mr. T. C. Durkee of Peabody, but
on account of his unavoidable absence, President Ware
called upon O. S. Butler of Georgetown. The speaker
said before spending one dollar on poultry, make up your
mind what you want to do, whether to raise spring chick-
ens for an early market or raise eggs.

To obtain these different results one should work dif-
ferently and with different breeds ; the eggs that are pro-
duced nearest to market bring the best prices. All these
eggs that go into market would not find such ready pur-
chasers if the customers knew their history. In the large
poultry yards it is customary to examine the eggs in an
incubator after seven or eight days, and to take out those
that are infertile (they can be distinguished by that
time), and send them into market. As long as eggs are
sold by the dozen and one is raising them for the market,
the Leghorn fowl is the variety to keep, but if one is
raising eggs by the pound, the gray necked Brahma is
better. For a good all around fowl the Plymouth Rock
stands well. They are fair layers, and the fowl makes
the best for the table ; he would keep the same breed all
the time but would change cockerels every year ; he
would advise any one engaging in the business to com-
mence in a small way and work up. If he starts on a
large scale and gets disease among them it is hard to
eradicate it without quite a loss. A great mistake is
made in overfeeding chickens. He rarely fed them
until they were two or three days old, and then he gave
them a little finely powdered cracker, boiled eggs or
skimmed milk. In the winter he fed cabbage and onions
to his fowls, and they ate it with a relish. In the winter
the speaker keeps about six inches of sand on the floor of

136

the coop and puts a clean coat of whitewash on his coops
every year. He fumigaU s his coops by burning a mixture
of charcoal, sulphur, saltpetre, cayenne pepper and kero-
sene oil in an open portable iron furnace. Ventilation is
important and is best when conducted from near the floor.
He usually put a shovelful of earth in the nest of a sit-
tiiio- hen and found it beneficial ; dry cracked corn fed to
3^oung chicks was injurious, but after they were six weeks
old it was all right ; dry Indian meal and sprouted oats
are good feed for chickens. A hen may lay as well when
she is three or four years old as when she is two, but he
makes it a practice to change and sell off old hens after
two years. A chicken that is hatched out in April and
commences to lay in October when eggs are scarce and
high is what is wanted ; and this is not so apt to be done
with a hen three or four years old. He would commence
to feed a chicken with egg producing food — ground bone,
03'ster shells, lime, &c., as soon as he commenced to feed
them, and thus saturate them with egg food, then they
will commence to la}'^ early and be profitable. He esti-
mated his profits on fowls to average (exclusive of the
work he gave them) i^l.SO each per year.

REPORT ON ESSAYS AND REPORTS.

The Committee on Essays and Reports have had
unusual good fortune this year in having received several
excellent papers for their consideration. In the matter of
Essays we mti,j say, in the language of the farm, the yield
has been large and the quaUty of the products excellent. '

Three essays were submitted to the committee, all of
which were gladl}^ accepted and approved. To that by
George A. Rogers, of North Andover, upon the theme,
" Is it necessarily Hard Times for Good Farmers," the
committee awarded the first premium of fifteen dollars.
This paper is perhaps more in the line of political economy

137

than of agriculture, but as it " relates to agriculture," and
contains excellent suggestions upon a subject which is at
present of more than usual importance, and upon which a
good deal of loose and demagogical talk is current, we
have thought it both timely and instructive. The subject
is not, of course, exhausted in this brief essay, and there is
something to be said on the other side, as, doubtless, some
influences, perhaps temporary, now tend to make profita-
ble farming more difficult. But Mr. Rogers utters many
wholesome truths which farmers everywhere would do
well to read and consider.

To Dr. J. W. Goodell, of Lynn, the committee have
awarded the second premium of ten dollars for an essay on
" Grapes and Grape Culture." The raising of grapes has
received as much attention in Massachusetts in former
years as in any other state, and several new and useful
varieties have originated here, and some of them in Essex
County. But the market for a few years past has been
superabundantly supplied with fruit from the Lake region
in New York, Ohio, and other more favored climes, and
growers here have been somewhat discouraged. Dr. Good-
ell's article is however well worthy of attention, and gives
practical directions as the result of his own experience.

To M. Sumner Perkins, of Dan vers, the committee
have awarded the third premium of eight dollars for his
essay upon " Six Crops of Greatest Value in Essex Coun-

ty-"

Only one report of sufficient importance to demand a
premium was received by the committee, and this was an
excellent one by O. S. Butler, of Georgetown, on the
"• Comparative Value of Crops as Food for Cattle." For
this the committee have awarded the highest premium of
ten dollars.

No "statement of actual farm accounts'' has been
submitted. The attention of the committee has been
drawn, however, to a " new and complete system of keep-
ing farm accounts," which has recently been published by

138

George A. Rogers, of North Andover. It is simple and
complete, and costs only fifty cents, and we recommend
it to the farmers of our society.

Just previous to making this report the writer was
grieved to learn of the sudden death of Hon. Nathaniel
A. Horton, of Salem, a member of this committee, who
was prevented from participating in the present proceed-
ings by his last illness. Mr. Horton was for many years
a member of our society, and took a lively interest in its
aiYairs and frequently served upon its committees. He was
well and favorably known throughout the county, and it
was his pleasure always to promote our farming interests,
through the columns of the Salem Gazette, of which he was
the senior editor. While it is not the place in this report
to make an extended notice of Mr. Horton's character and
services, it is doubtless proper, and is, perhaps, a duty, of
the committee, to take this brief notice of the recent de-
cease of an esteemed associate.
For the committee,

G, L. Streeter, Chairman.

COMMITTEE— Gilbert L. Streeter, Salem; D. E. Safford,
Salem: N. A. Horton, Salem; John M. Danforth, Lynn-
field Centre ; N. M. Hawkes, Lynn.

IS IT NECESSARILY HARD TIMES FOR GOOD
FARMERS ?

BY GEORGE A. ROGERS OF NORTH ANDOVER.

Hardly a day passes but we read or hear about hard
times. There are those who claim to believe that the far-
mers are a much abused class, that all the rest of the
world have conspired together to rob them of their hard
earned dollars. That the banks, the railroads, the manu-

139

facturers, the merchants and middlemen are taking the
lion's share of the accumulation of labor, leaving to the
farmer only enough to supply his most pressing wants and
to pay taxes. That the government, both state and
national, legislate mainly in the interests of large capital-
ists, that the interests of the farmer are almost entirely
ignored, save that now and then a few crumbs are thrown
to them to save or ivin votes. If all this and much more
that is preached were true and I believed it, I would quit
farming and engage in some other occupation, for I should
carry about with me a feeling of degradation, a want of
self respect, were I engaged in a business that was not in
every way the most honorable and ennobling in the world.
No man can do his best in any business in which he thinks
the odds are against him. But much of this croaking is
not true. I admit that in the past there have been laws
enacted favoring other classes at the expense of the far-
mer. Whose fault was it? No one's but the farmers
themselves. As long as farmers belonged to the political
parties and were driven by the party whip, other classes
took advantage of the situation and profited by it. When
the farmer entered politics as an independent factor, he
got his right?, as the two past years will show, and here
let me add that the farmer is in politics to stay. This
means that in the future he will get what rightfully be-
longs to him. Again as we all know there are too many
middlemen. These fellows always make me think of leeches
they produce nothing, and in nine cases out often are un-
necessary.

But to return to the subject. Go where you will
throughout the state and you will find hundreds and
thousands of men the owners and cultivators of improved
farms, equipped with all the modern appliances of im-
proved farming. Stocked with good cattle housed in
comfortable barns, the farmers themselves living in pleas-
ant houses furnished with good furniture and good books,
with music to charm the ear and paintings to please the

140

eye. Ask this class of farmers about hard times and you
will find that they know them not. Nine tenths of these
men started in poor and all that you see about them is the
honest product of legitimate farming. Aside from what
you see, they have raised and educated children, have
given the boys aid to start in business or the girls a mar-
riage portion ; they have also helped to build roads,
schoolhouses, churches, and public buildings, and have
contributed towards the support of religion.

A business that has enabled these men to accomplish
such results in spite of governmental disfavor, middlemen,
and the rest of the croaker's list, must in itself be a good
business. Do we hear of one farmer failing when we hear
of ten manufacturers or merchants ? Do you know of a
single instance where an industrious, temperate man who
has run in debt for a farm, has had it sold at mortgagee's
sale, unless from some unforeseen misfortune?

In every community you will find well to do men who
have ac({uired all their property by tilling the soil. You
will also find another set of men, who complain that farm-
ing does not pay. In the latter case the trouble is not in
the business but in the men. Were they engaged in other
business they would go to the wall.

The trouble with most of those who complain that
farming does not pay, is laziness and shiftiessness, two very
hard complaints to cure. They do not keep accounts
and fail to credit the farm much that properly and justly
belongs to it. For instance, let us suppose that a man
with a family of five persons wanting a home, purchases a,
farm of fifty acres, with good buildings thereon, within
three miles of a railroad town, at -fSO per acre. The use
of the house for a home would be worth ^150 ; fuel from
the farm, |50 ; vegetables, milk, butter, eggs, poultry and
pork, $150 ; use of horse aside from necessary farm work,
%50, making f 400, ten per cent, on the whole investment.
Not coming in ready cash we do not consider them as a
part of the income. But they would form a very inipor-

HI

tant part of one's out goes if they had to be paid for. The
majority of farmers do not realize what it costs a mechanic
to provide the milk, eggs, fruit and vegetables for his
family.

Money in a farm at five per cent, is as well invested as
money loaned at seven per cent., for one does not need to
be looking for new places to invest, and then land well
located is reasonably sure to advance in price. Money in-
vested in real estate generally pays better than railroad
stocks. The figures of 1888 which I have at hand, show
that out of 650 railroad companies in the United States
only eighty-three paid dividends to stockholders, of these
only nine paid ten per cent. ; seven, eight per cent. ; four-
teen, seven per cent.; twenty-four, six per cent, and the
remainder paid from one to four per cent.

The reason that a farmer cannot hope to make a million
dollars out of his business, is because it cannot be carried
on profitably only within narrow limits ; within that limit
it may pay a better per cent, than a business that yields a
million dollar revenue.

The secret of large gains is contained in the saying
" large sales and small profits.'' Philip Armour in his
statement before the senate committee in reference to
pressed beef trusts, claimed that his average profits on
840,649 head of cattle, stamped and sold in one year, was
only -f 1.22 per head, a per cent, of profit which the aver-
age farmer would consider small indeed. If farmers kept
accounts they would be surprised at the per cent, of pro-
fit upon their products, even at the present low prices.
They would take new courage and use every effort to in-
crease production. For instance, in this year of low prices,
I find that our potatoes sold in the open market, return us
a net profit of 33 1-3 per cent, on tlie cost of production,
and that our Hubbard squash if sold (as I think it will be)
at $30 per ton, will for every dollar invested return two.
Wliat other legitimate business can you name that will do

142

as well? Hundreds of cases like the above can be cited.
What better proof need be furnished to prove that good
farming does pay. An era of low prices is upon us. There
are causes that have long been at work and are still work-
ing, and we must expect lower rather than higher prices
in the future. The tendency in all departments of indus-
try is towards cheaper production, and there is no reason
why we farmers should be able to buy a lumber wagon, a
mowing machine, a shovel or hoe, a pound of sugar or a
yard of cloth for half the price of twenty years ago, with
out a corresponding reduction in the price of goods we
have to sell.

Now comes the question, " Can Massachusetts farmers
at present prices get fair pay for their labor and interest
on capital invested?" In answer to which I will say it
depends upon how they farm. If he follows in the old
rues made by his father, and sells hay, small and inferior
vegetables and poor butter, I will answer no. But if he
farms intelligently, making every acre cultivated pro-
duce a good crop of somethingthat the market demands
or that can be fed upon the farm, and thus be condensed
and converted into more valuable forms, I answer yes.

The farm is a factory where the raw materials are taken
and converted into more valuable forms. The further we
continue this process, provided the machines (animals) are
good ones, the better it is for both farm and farmer. With
eggs selling at thirty cents per dozen, and cabbage at fifty
cents per barrel, just think how much easier it is to mar-
ket a certain number of dollars worth of the former than
the latter. Thirty dozen of the former can be put up in
one hour and carried to market in a light wagon and will
bring nine dollars. ^^It takes eighteen barrels of cabbage
to come to that sum. It will take a man half a day to cut
and barrel that amount, and a man and heavy team half a
day to deliver it. The cost of putting up and marketing
the eggs will not exceed one dollar. The cost of putting

143

up and selling the cabbage will amount to three. Farmers
that live a distance from market should aim to produce
such crops as can be profitably manufactured on the farm.
Massachusetts cannot compete with the West in grain
growing nor with the Southwest in beef production, but
in products that require intelligence and skill, the odds
will be in her favor.

My object in writing this paper is to encourage young
men who are about to enter upon their life work, to take
up farming, and those that have had poor success to try
again. That agriculture offers the best opportunity to de-
velop the pliysical, intellectual and moral faculties of a
man is not disputed. I believe that farming pays a better
per cent, to a certain limit (and that limit depends upon
the ability of the man) than any other business. The man
that farms intelligently is sure of a comfortable living.

The conditions of success are that we make our pro-
ducts of the very best quality. That we study our busi-
ness and then put the best there is in us into it. That we
always do the best we know. So many of us fail to do
this that the wonder is not that our farms pay so poorly,
but that they pay as well as they do. Few of us realize
how far we come short of making our farms produce what
they might. None of us know the possibilities of pro-
duction. To most of us 225 bushels of shelled corn, 1061
bushels potatoes and 11 1-3 tons of Hubbard squash to the
acre seems incredible. Nevertheless such crops have been
raised. Many of us fail to save in the best possible man-
ner what our farms have produced.

Again how much we lose in failing to feed in such
combinations and in such a way and at such a time as will
give the best results. How much we lose by keeping in-
ferior animals. The best are none too good for all. Farm-
ing in the future will demand more thinking and less
muscle. The successful farmer must plan wisely and ex-
ecute his plans skilfully. As a business man he must
adopt business methods. He must respect himself and his
calling: and others will do the same.

144

GRAPES AND GRAPE CULTURE IN ESSEX
COUNTY.

BY DR. J. W. GOODELL, OF LYNN.

There is an old saying, "■ Wine is the milk of old age."
This may be substantially true for the sick, but our prefer-
ence is to take it in the original package, of a well ripened
bunch of good grapes, fresh from the vine, with the bloom
and bouquet still on the outside. Then we can sa}^ with
truth " It cheers without inebriating." In this form it
stimulates digestion, and is an acknowledged blood maker,
building up the system in all wasting diseases, like con-
sumption, and its scrofulous kindred ailments. In cer-
tain foreign countries the use of the grape has the title of
the " Grape cure," each patient eating several pounds
per day, and gaining both strength and flesh. We much
prefer this form of the elixir of phosphates to that put up
in bottles (and sold at one dollar per bottle or six for five
dollars by some unprincipled quack).

Granting that the grape is a good and wholesome fruit,
we naturally have the desire to grow it in our own gardens,
and are willing to receive any light gained by the experi-
ence and observation of those who shall have spent time
and money in striving to accomplish that object.

The first question to be decided is, " In what kind of
soil does the vine flourish best ?" The vine may grow in
almost any soil, but does not flourish unless the ground is
well drained, sandy loam well enriched with old well
rotted fertilizer. It requires water but from the surface,
instead of the sub-soil. The situation should be fully ex-
posed to the sun, and a free circulation of air, though
sheltered from the north and west winds, which are liable
to cause blighting of the young fruit.

Having decided upon your location and properly pre-
pared the soil, comes the very important question as to
the variety to be planted.

145

A prime factor entering into this question in our lati-
tude is the length of time required to grow and ripen both
fruit and cane. Certainly we must not take the season
of 1891 to guide us in our decision, when three weeks of
October have passed and the tenderest plant has not been
injured by frost. We think we would be safe in saying
that any grape which requires any portion of October to
ripen its fruit should be discarded.

In the average year we have damaging frosts by the 25th
of September. The fruit will seldom improve after the
foliage has been much chilled. If left on to absorb the
frozen sap the fruit will lose its original character and
becomes flat and tasteless, decaying in a short time. Any
vine which does not ripen its wood in September will run
the risk of being winter killed, and should be discarded,
or tried as an experiment.

If one has a well sheltered location or is willing to take
the vines down from the trellis in the autumn, cover them
with some coarse loose material and put them back each
spring, he may succeed. Yet the most of our growers do
not take the trouble, therefore should not be advised to
put out tender or late ripening vines. The vine usually
remains where it grows, and lives or dies according to its
power of standing the effects of fierce winds and rapid
changing temperature.

The great majority of New England grape growers raise
grapes for their own consumption and not for market. The
first consideration is quality and early ripening. Our first
vine would be Moore's Ear/i/, which possesses all the good
qualities required. Second, Hartford, whose greatest fault
is dropping, and can be in a great measure prevented
hj free irrigation, while the fruit is ripening, and will im-
prove the size and quality of the fruit. Third, Brighton,
one of the finest flavored grapes which we have, that will
ripen in September. Fourth, Concord, a good grape, hardy
and prolific, yet often overtaken by the frost before its
fruit is well ripened, therefore uncertain.

146

We should advise the planting of the Worden as superi-
or in many respects, and ripening one week earlier. Fine»
large, both in berry and bunch ; vine of hardy growth,
ripening its wood in good season. Fruit of finest quality,
rich and syrupy, and for the time it has been before the
public has fulfilled more promises than any of its competi-
tors. The Niagara, which was introduced to society with
a great amount of ceremony (which, by the way, was
dearly paid for by the purchaser), has not given satisfac-
tion to its patrons and cultivators. In fact with us the
present year it has behaved worse than any other, has not
produced a single good bunch. It may reform, but we
look upon it as being under investigation. Neither has
the Pocklington given that satisfaction which was expec-
ted of it. The Niagara has found its congenial climate in
Florida, where it is being planted by the acre, and ripens
its fruit in June. Our average season is too short for the
last two varieties.

Of all the Rodgers' thirty odd varieties, we think No. 4
(Wilder) stands at the head and is well worthy of cultiva-
tion. Most of Rodgers' appear to blight and are prone to
take on all the fashionable vine diseases. If you have
room for only two vines, plant a Moore's Early and a
Worden, and you will rejoice rather than mourn as you
look upon well ripened clusters of fruit, bright with the
September sun.

Always plant your vines in spring, after the frost is well
out of the ground, the soil having been thoroughly prepared
the previous autumn. If you have any old bones scattered
about the premises gather them all up, break fine, and place
among the roots as you plant.

In most of our small gardens we can hardly spare the
room for a grape vine to stand out where it must be sup-
ported by a trellis, but tacked up to the fence or side of a
building. In such case we should advise having a trellis
which would hold the vine a foot or so away from the build-
ing, and give a free circulation of air behind. The reflec-

147

tion of the rays of light and heat from a light colored
surface would help to hasten the ripening of the fruit and
wood of the vine.

If you have more and desire to plant in vineyard form,
set cedar posts ten feet apart, and six feet out of ground.
Then commence eighteen inches from the ground and run
strong galvanized wire from post to post, fastening firmly
with fence staples. Three other strands may be placed
fifteen inches apart. Plant your vines at each post and
train both to right and left, fastening the vine to the wire
by means of leather or soft pieces of cord. Copper wire
is sometimes used for this purpose and is very durable,
but is liable to cut the vines when lieavily laden with
fruit.

Fertilizing. In looking over the soils of those countries
where the vine has been most successfully cultivated, we
find such an abundance of mineral substances that the
water is unfit to drink. Soda, sulphur, lime and iron
abound with phosphorus in all sorts of combination. In
New York state, where such large crops of grapes are
raised, we find the whole region underlaid by a bed of
lime rock. Hence we are to study the soil and find where-
in it lacks the necessary elements of success, applying
what is needed. All dressing for the vine should be
thoroughly composted. Bone for the phosphorus, and
wood ashes for the potash ; sulphur, iron and some vegeta-
ble mould as an absorbant. Mix well and sprinkle the pile
well over with land plaster to prevent the waste by the
evaporation of gasses, especially ammonia. Apply in
early spring and work in thoroughly. Saving your soap-
suds on wash days and applying about the roots will well
repay the trouble, or better, partly fill an old barrel with
ashes, soot, old iron and ground bone, pour your suds on
to it and apply from time to time.

Thinning the fruit. Here will come the test of your
moral courage. Taking your clippers and going through
your vines, and cutting out all small and imperfect bunch-

148

es, sometimes even to one-third or one-half the number of
bunches set. But experience proves that you will grow
not only larger and finer clusters but actually more pounds
oi fruit.

Another thing our most careful cultivators and premium
takers do. They bag the best bunches. When the grapes
are about one-half grown they slip a common grocer's
paper bag over the bunch they want to protect, and pin
around the vine on both sides of the stem. This keeps it
free from dust and many insect pests. Yet we are told
it retards the ripening for about one week. But a frost
that would cut the foliage would not harm the grapes thus
protected. Another method to improve the fruit is to
grow as little wood as possible. When a cane has attained
the length you desire nip it in. Go over the vines every
week or oftener nipping in all straggling shoots. Cutting
away leaves to let the sun in is a great mistake and should
never be done. The leaves are the lungs of the plant, and
every considerable injury or destruction of or to the foli-
age is an injury and leads to disease if not death. You
will find your largest and finest bunches hidden beneath
the dense foliage.

The vine, like all vegetation, has its diseases and insect
enemies to contend with, and often frustrates our best en-
deavors. Maay washes have been recommended for appli-
cation, as lime, sulphate of iron and sulphate of copper,
sulphur, and even Paris green mixed with Bordeaux mix-
ture for spraying the vines. I object to mixing poison with
my food, and try to keep my vines in a healthy growing
condition, so as to escape the need of these remedies of
doubtful utility and safety. Sulphur is safe and useful and
does not scorch the leaves. The stronger remedies may
kill the disease, but destroy the vine as well, or the leaves
which are its principle organs of life and growth. In fact
the Bordeaux mixture could not be sprayed upon a vine
trained upon a painted buiding without great detriment to
the same.

149

We believe in the best and most thorough cultivation
and liberal feeding. Such patients have the least need of
medical attendance, and are the best prepared to ward off
epidemics or contagion.

We are persuaded that the electric lights are doing good
service to the horticulturist by the destruction of millions
of insect pests, which are attracted to them and their own
death. The enthusiastic entomologist is often seen perched
under the arc light with his scoop net in hand, gathering
in many fine specimens of moths.

Pruning should not be commenced until the vine has be-
come thoroughly dormant, say in New England about the
middle of November, as our object during the summer has
been not to grow any superfluous wood. So in pruning we
should leave only such canes as are needed as a renewal of
the parent vine. Trim all laterals not required back to
two buds, and see that the vine is securely fastened to its
support (when not layered for winter). If it is not well
secured, and such an ice storm as last winter gave us should
occur, attended by violent wind, much damage would be
done. It is good practice to rake up all grape foliage and
trimmings and hum them. Whatever disease there may be
present will be most likely to be found on the foliage and
tender shoots.

Tlirow a light covering of evergreen boughs, corn stalks
or coarse, strawy manure around the roots for winter and
let them rest.

SIX CROPS OF GREATEST VALUE TO ESSEX
COUNTY.

BY M. SUMNER PERKINS OF DANVERS.

Onions, cabbages, corn, potatoes, squashes and turnips
may be justly termed the half dozen staple crops of Essex

I50

•County. Each is valuable either as a market crop or for
stockfeeding, or both. True there are other crops which
are cultivated more or less extensively, yet the above seem
to deserve the distinction of being the six most important.
In this essay the writer proposes to treat briefly of each,
touching upon its culture, fertilization, uses, etc.

ONIONS.

The onion ranks foremost as a money crop. That is to
say, speaking generally, the farmer realizes more cash from
it than from any of the others. Three or four hundred
bushels per acre may perhaps be considered an ordinary
yield, though five or six hundred bushels on same area are
by no means rare. Hence, at a fair price of il.OO a bushel,
the product of an acre of onions figures well up into the
hundreds in value. In selecting a piece of, ground for an
onion bed, choose fairly level land, free from stones, and
composed of rich, loamy soil. Old muck-beds, when prop-
erly drained and sanded, often suit the onion perfectly, and
produce enormous crops. Yet the product of such is natu-
rally soft in texture and unreliable in keeping quality, as
■compared with crops grown upon higher and firmer ground.
The onion, unlike most other crops, does well when grown
•on same land for a number of years in succession. Indeed
larger yields are generally obtained the second and third
years than the first. Land which it is intended to devote
to onions, should have been highly cultivated for some
years prior to its use for the above named crop. Liberal
manuring from year to year is in order until soil is well
stored with fertility. Another very important considera-
tion is that the ground be comparatively free from the
seeds of weeds, indeed, the expense of tending the crop
depends very much on this condition, since if certain
weeds, as purslane, witchgrass and chickweed have
become established in the soil, onion culture is at best
very discouraging work, and profit in the business is out of
the question. Besides ordinary farm manure, unleached

151

wood ashes and ground bone may be named as especially
suited to the growth of onions, producing large, solid,
handsome bulbs. Wood ashes applied at the rate of one
hundred bushels to the acre, supply a fertilizer that is at
once cheap and effective. Onion seed is usually sown in the
spring, as early as the soil can be properly worked, in drills
a foot apart, using four or five pounds of seed to the acre.
Cultivation should commence as soon as the rows are up
so as to be distinctly seen, and continue throughout the
growing season ; for success with every crop depends very
much upon keeping the surface soil in a loose and porous
state for admission of sun and air. Of late years the
ravages of the so-called onion maggot has wrought great
destruction to crops, and what is worse, there does not
seem to be any reliable means, at present known, for effect-
ually coping with the evil. A light dusting of the young
plants with wood ashes or air-slaked lime, just as the eggs
of the insect commence to hatch, will perhaps be found as
useful as anything in the way of remedy. While onion
growing requires much hand labor, and some back-aching
work, yet, if a practice of destroying every weed as soon as
it appears above ground is strictly adhered to, the battle is
half won.

CABBAGES.

Cabbages may be classed next to onions as a money
crop. As ordinarily grown, plants are allowed to stand
two and one-half feet apart in each direction. This fixes
the capacity of an acre at nearly 7,000 plants. Estimat-
ing the good heads to be 6,000, and value of same to be four
cents apiece, which may be called a fair price, we have
$240.00 as the average gross receipts per acre devoted to
this crop. The cost of tending a cabbage crop is much less
than one of onions as a large portion of the work can be
accomplished with horse and cultivator, and the remainder
by use of hand hoes. Then when it happens, as it some-
times will, that the cabbage has practically no value in market,

152

it can be turned to good account as stock food. Cows are
very fond of it and it is excellent for producing milk. Nor
will it affect the taste of milk if fed just before or during
the process of milking. It is also of great value for the
farm poultry, as ducks, geese and common fowl apparent-
ly prefer it to any other species of green food. In order
to raise large firm heads of cabbage a moist strong soil is
required. They are great feeders and demand heavy ma-
nuring. Surely five cords of good compost should be ap-
plied to the acre, and better still would be eight or ten.
Potash in form of wood ashess seem to be particularly
adapted to cabbage growth, and a handful of same applied
to each hill, or a broadcast distribution of say one hundred
bushels to the acre, materially adds to size and quality
of crop. Fish waste and refuse of glue works are also
deemed by some economical fertilizers. For a general
crop of cabbage it is more satisfactory to sow the seed
where it is intended for the plants to grow, than to prac-
tice transplanting, for the latter plan is more trouble, it
can not be depended upon in times of great drought, and at
best, it sets the crop back a fortnight more or less.

CORN.

The importance and value of the corn crop is shown by
the fact that it forms the basis of our system of cattle
feeding. Both the grain and stalk of the corn plant have
always been of great value to our stockmen and dairymen,
but with the advent of the silo, the cultivation and con-
sumption of the crop have largely increased. At first
farmers were skeptical concerning the benefits derived from
feeding ensilage ; but the old-time prejudices have become
dissipated under the influence of extended practical experi-
ence in its use, until it is now generally acknowledged by
stock owners, that good corn ensilage affords a most health-
ful, nutritious and economical food for most farm animals,
supplying as it does, green, succulent matter in winter,
when there is a general dearth of such substances. Corn

153

is well adapted to much of the rough, rocky land of the
county, since it is of vigorous growth and its strong, pene-
trating roots spread out a considerable distance, running
around rocks and stumps, and thus acquiring plant food,
where crops of feebler habit would perish. It also has a
beneficial effect upon the soil, loosening it and improving
its mechanical condition. The common, yellow, field corn
is cultivated to an extent in the county, and while it does
not yield a large return in money value, yet it is a very
useful crop, can be raised on cheap land, at small cost, and
the product is all needed to feed the animals on the farm,
thus removing any necessity of hunting up a profitable out-
side market. The corn itself is usually ground on the ear,
cob and all for cows and horses, and the stalks, when well
preserved, equal in nutritive value a good quality of English
hay pound for pound. At all events it is so regarded by
men of science. The long coarse stalks are relished and
eaten better, if cut a few inches in length and sprinkled
with a little meal or shorts. It is quite a common practice
to sow corn, when intended for foddering purposes, either
broadcast or very thickly in rows. This does not seem to
be the best way as a heavy growth of soft watery shoots are
produced, that cannot ripen. Better always sow thinly in
rows, allowing a few inches of space for each stalk and de-
lay harvesting until plants are fully developed, and make
respectable ears. A few handfuls of ashes, hen manure, or
good fertilizer in the hill, is of benefit to the crops. The
horse and cultivator should be able to do about all the work
of tending the crop, so it is one of the easiest that we have
to raise.

POTATOES.

In days gone by, when our fathers and grandfathers
raised the old fashioned Chenangoes, about all that was
necessary to produce a good crop of potatoes was to dig a
hole in the ground, put in a little manure, drop seed and
cover it. As soon as up, a hoeing was given and later on

154

perhaps another. In due season a good crop of large tu-
bers was well nigh sure to be forthcoming. But now-a-days
in this vicinity, results are very uncertain. With the ad-
vent of the Colorado beetle and numerous kinds of blight
and rot, we have found it safe not to count our potatoes,
before they are dug. And even then the crop is far from a
sure thing, since disease often appears after harvest. One
of the first requisites for successful potato culture is good,
strong, new land. By new land strictly speaking, is under-
stood land that has never before been under the plow ; viz.
newly cleared ground ; but niow land, that under crop rota-
tation, has been recently under sod is called *' neivy Such
soil is comparatively free from the various species of fun-
gous growth. Nor are the bugs as numerous. As to fer-
tilization, excellent crops of smooth, handsome tubers are
produced on such new land, by the use of a small quantity
of high grade fertilizer sprinkled in the hills. The various
commercial manures, such as high grade fertilizers, phos-
phates and dissolved bone certainly tend to the production
of smooth, clean potatoes, whereas the fresh, green manure
of our domestic animals, favors the growth of the scab and
fungous diseases. If manure be used for potatoes at all,
let it be old and well rotted, and apply it in the fall pre-
vious to time of planting. Of late years, the so called
trench system of growing potatoes has received consider-
able attention and deservedly so. This plan consists
essentially in opening deep furrows of eight or ten inches,
covering bottom of furrow with a couple of inches of fine
mellow soil, dropping the seed and covering three or four
inches deep. The depression in the furrow is filled in dur-
ing the successive hoeings of the crop. The advantages of
the practice may be briefly summed up as follows. The
roots of the vine are well down in the moist earth, where
they can stand the drought. The tubers are well covered
and out of the way of danger from sun scald. It is easy
work to hoe the crop, which merely consists in levelling the
ground about the plants, while by the old method of cul-
ture, hills have to be formed.

155

SQUASHES.

Squashes are an easy crop to raise and pleasant to han-
dle. Most any otherwise vacant and useless spots on the
.farm can be made to produce a hill of squashes, and the
corn field will support a limited number of vines without
injury to its mainly important crop. Rich soil is certainly
needed to grow a large squash crop and six to ten cords of
good manure per acre, are none too much for an applica-
tion. Hills should be made ten feet apart in each direction,
and a dozen seeds sown to each hill, in order that a suffi-
cient number of plants may stand after the ravages of the
bugs have ceased. Land plaster is commonly used to rid
the vines of insects, sprinkling a handful or so upon each
hill. As this merely keeps the bugs off and does not kill
them, the application of a weak solution of Paris green, is
a much surer remedy. In preparing land for squashes, it is
well to spread on a heavy dressing of manure broadcast,
and in addition where the hills come, to dig in a couple of
shovelfuls of good fine compost, which is to be covered and
the seed dropped on top. The entire cultivation until the
vines commence to run, is readily done with the horse cul-
tivator. It is a characteristic of the squash vine to form
new roots at intervals, throughout its length. This feature
should be encouraged by covering the vines with earth at
these points, for not only does it aiford the vine an in-
creased feeding area, but when it occurs, as it sometimes
does, that borers destroy the main root, these auxiliary
feeders save the vine from ruin. To be safely kept through
the winter, squashes require a moderately warm and dry
apartment for their storage. We have found that a cellar
heated by steam or furnace heat is a most excellent place
for the purpose. In this way we have kept them in good
condition until late Spring.

TUENIPS.

The turnip is very useful on the farm, as a food for all

156

classes of stock. In connection with hay and grain, it
forms a splendid winter ration for horses, cows and sheep.
It should always be cut finely, if fed raw, to prevent chok-
ing. Hogs and poultry thrive remarkably, when steamed
or boiled turnips comprise a considerable portion of their
diet. Fresh, new land is necessary to grow smooth, clean
turnips, as old rich garden soil almost invariably produces
prongy and worm-eaten bulbs. The large Ruta Baga tur-
nip should be sown as early as May or June, while the com-
mon round turnip does well when sown as late as August.
Some farmers sow turnips broadcast, but the most satisfac-
tory way seems to be, to plant in drills, three feet apart for
Ruta Bagas and eighteen inches to two feet for round tur-
nips, thinning the former to one foot apart in the row, and
the latter to two or three inches. In this shape they may-
be cultivated and thinned properly and with ease, which
greatly adds to the chances of the crop. Turnips yield well,
are little trouble to grow, and generally sell well at profit-
able prices.

Id couclusion let it be said that the majority of crop fail-
ures are directly traceable to either lack of adequate fertili-
zation or to insufficient cultivation. The soil cannot well
become too rich for most crops. At all events it very rare-
ly does in Essex County. Next to fertilization in impor-
tance comes cultivation, which can hardly be too intensive.
Keeping the weeds in check is insufficient. Always, the
surface soil should be light and mellow.

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CROPS AS FOOD FOR

CATTLE.

BY O. S. BUTLER, OF GEOKGETOWN.

As no statement has been presented to the committee on
the above subject, in regard to the comparative value of

157

crops as food for cattle, I have been requested to present
the subject to the society, in the form of an essay or report.

The reason why our farmers do not make practical tests
and present the results to the society, is not for lack of in-
terest in this subject, but because of the difficulty in ob-
taining satisfactory data upon which to base an opinion that
would become authority under different conditions and
localities. Even our experiment stations caution our far-
mers against taking their statements as authority under all
conditions, for the value of any crop as food for cattle
depends as much upon the cost of producing it, as upon its
intrinsic value of nutrition, and the cost of producing a
crop, depends upon the quality of the soil, and its adapta-
tion to certain crops, and its entire unfitness for other
crops. And then the location of the land is an important
factor of expense in the production of a crop. Land that
is located so near the city or village, as to be worth from
five to ten hundred dollars per acre, could not be used for
pasturing, or for a corn crop, no matter how nutritious the
crop produced might be. A crop that might be produced
with but little expense for labor, manure and land cost,
would be of great value to the poor farmer, even though its
intrinsic value, judged by its per cent, of nutrition, might
not be as great as some other crops, that it would be impos-
sible for him to produce under his conditions and environ-
ments. And then the value of any crop is increased or
diminished by the results to be realized. One kind of food
may be of great value in producing milk, while quite a
different crop would be requisite in producing beef, and
still another crop entirely different, would be valuable as
food for growing stock, such as colts, and calves, and lambs.
So it will be seen, that the value of any crop aa food for
cattle, depends upon the results to be realized.

And still further, the value of any crop as food for cattle
depends upon the condition of the animal to be fed, as to
its healthfulness or its unhealthfulness. It would be more
than waste to give a heavy, nutritious food to a dyspeptic

158

animal. It often happens that a very cheap food would be
very valuable for an animal for a month or a year. When
the digestive and assimilative organs are kept in good con-
dition, the animal will thrive on comparatively cheap food.
But there are certain general rules that may be observed
under all conditions with comparative success, as our expe-
rience and observation has proved.

First, all crops as food for cattle, should be fully matured
in order to obtain the best results ; not fully ripe, but well
developed and matured. The early spring grass in our
pastures may increase the flow of milk, but it does this at
the expense of its quality. The milk and butter produced
from the early spring grass, is not at all like the milk and
butter produced from the mature grass of June and July.
The time was when we filled our silos with green, imma-
ture corn, but this ensilage had to be fed in connection with
other more nutritious food in order to obtain the best re-
sults. But now, no intelligent farmer thinks of cutting his
corn for the silo until the ears have begun to glaze and
harden, and this ensilage comes nearer to a perfect food for
cattle than any other single crop, and this is true of all
crops or foods that are used to develop and sustain animal
life, whether gathered from the, field or the stall. Lamb or
veal may be very palatable, but not as nutritious as mutton
or beef.

Another factor of great importance in estimating the
value of any crop for food for cattle is the proper combina-
tion of foods. There are certain kinds of food that are
entirely useless when fed alone, but are of great value
when fed in connection with some other kinds of food. The
agricultural chemist informs us that turnips contain but
six per cent, nutritious substance and ninety-four per cent,
of water, that green fodder corn stands about the same,
that straw, barley, oats or rye are incapable of sustaining
animal life ; and yet practical science has demonstrated
that a partial feed of green corn fodder to milch cows al-
ways increases the flow of milk without diminishing the

159

quality, and that the best mutton and wool in any country
is produced in Scotland from herds of sheep that never
taste of a mouthful of food in winter except turnips and
straw. We are informed, by good authority, that cabbages
or potatoes are incapable of sustaining animal life, when
fed alone, but we know that the strongest and healthiest
race of men and women is the one that finds its chief diet
in cabbage and potatoes. The mistake of the chemist is
found in the fact that he claims all liquid as water when
the facts are quite different. The liquid /)f turnips, of
potatoes, of corn, of cabbage, of apples, and of grapes, are
entirely different each from the other, and neither of them
is pure and simple water, and either of them standing alone
may not be able to sustain animal life, but when used in
combination with each other may produce the best possible
results. Of this there can be no doubt. If this is true,
then in order to estimate the value of any crop as food for
cattle, we must observe the above mentioned conditions.

First — The crop best adapted to the land, its location
and value.

Second — The condition of the animals to be fed.

Third — The results to be obtained.

Fourth — Whatever the crop fed, it should be well matured.

Fifth — It should be used in such combination as to con-
stitute it the most natural food for the animal fed.

I have been greatly interested in the experiments made
at the New Hampshire Experiment Station, under the
direction of Prof. Whitcher, as to the comparative value of
corn ensilage with dry fodder, and I take the liberty to quote
a few statements made in Bulletin No. 14. Prof. Whitcher
says, " First, more actual food material can be produced
from an acre of corn, than from any other of our common
farm crops. Land capable of producing two tons of hay,
will, as a rule, produce twenty tons of ensilage, having at
least twenty-five per cent, of dry substance or actual food
material.

40,000 lbs. of ensilage equals 10,000 lbs. of dry matter and
4,000 lbs. of hay equals 3,000 lbs. of dry matter. It is safe

i6o

therefore to say that three times as much dry substance
may be produced from a given acre of corn, as from a like
acre of grass. Second, the cost of a hundred pounds of dry
matter is slightly less in corn than in hay, as the following
statement will show :

Cutting the corn in field, per acre, $2.00

Loading and drawing to barn, 3.75

Cutting and packing in silo, 2.40

Use of engine and cutter, 1.25

Total, -19.40

Yield per acre, fifteen tons. Cost per ton, 62| cents.
Under more favorable circumstances, as to distance and
location, a seven acre field of corn was harvested with the
following results per acre :

Cutting and stocking, §2.16

Drawing in, 2.56

Husking corn, 5.00

Drawing corn to mill, 1.50

Grinding corn, 1.80

$13.02 '
While I cannot give the exact figures as to the per cent,
of dry matter in each crop, yet there was not above 6,000
lbs. in the husked crop as against 7,500 lbs. in the crop put
in the silo. One hundred pounds of dry matter, at the
time of feeding out, would cost for harvesting alone, twen-
ty-five cents in the husked crop, and fifteen and two-thirds
cents in the silo. Add to this the greater efficiency of the
dry matter, pound for pound, and it is evident that from
an economic standpoint the silo has the advantage. In
addition to the above statement I have the testimony of
many others fully corroborating their truthfulness, and after
giving this subject very careful consideration for the last ten
years, and corresponding with persons in all parts of the
country, I should say that for the country farmer, the corn
crop stands at the head. Corn is King even in Essex
County.

i6i
IN MEMORIAM.

In obtaining the names of members of the society de-
c eased, a list of members was sent to the Trustee in each
town and city for revision, requesting date of death d
age of each member deceased, with brief notice of each in
printing or writing, from which and from others, the fol-
lowing has been compiled by your committee :

Hon. George B. Loring died suddenly at his home in
Salem, Sept. 15, 1891, at the age of seventy-four years,
six months. He had been sick about ten days but ap-
peared to be improving and his friends were encouraged
that he would recover, until within a few hours of his
death. Dr. Loring was born in North Andover, Mass.
His father was for more than forty years the Unitarian
clergyman in that town, and was a descendant of John
Alden of the Plymouth colony, while his mother was a
niece of Samuel Osgood, the first Postmaster General un-
der Washington. He was a graduate of Harvard College
in the same class with James Russell Lowell, and took his
degree in the Harvard Medical School, having been a stu-
dent under Oliver Wendell Holmes. Soon after his grad-
uation he was appointed surgeon of the Marine Hospital
at Chelsea, where he remained in active practice seven
years. He then resigned and went to Salem, where he
came into possession of the Pickman Farm, which was his
home during the remainder of his life. In 1864 he
founded the New England Agricultural Society and was
its president for nearly a quarter of a century. For four
years he was a trustee of the Massachusetts Society for
Promoting Agriculture and has for a long time been Vice
President of the Essex Agricultural Society, in which he
always took a great interest. As an author and public
speaker he won distinction, his " Farm Yard Club of
Jotham" papers being recognized as a standard in their
line and his many contributions to the North American
Review and other magazines making his name a household
word. At the time of his death he was engaged on a

l62

work on Spain and Portugal. Dr. Loring was Postmaster
of Salem from 1853 to 1858. In 1866-67 he was a member
of the Massachusetts house of Representatives. In 1873-
4-5-6 he was president of the Massachusetts Senate. In
1876 he was elected to Congress from the old fifth District
and was reelected in 1878. In 1881 he was appointed
Commissioner of Agriculture by President Garfield, receiv-
ing his commission and instructions from the President
the day before the latter was shot. Soon after his inau-
guration President Harrison appointed Dr. Loring as min*
ister to Portugal which position he resigned within a year
feeling the need of rest. He has since lived quietly at his
farm in Salem engaged in literary work. He leaves a
widow and one daughter.

Dr. William Cogswell, who died August 15, 1891,
was born in Atkinson, N. H., April 21, 1821. of stock well
and highly known, educated in the schools of his native
town. He chose medicine as his life study. He was a
trustee of the Academy in his native town, President of
the State Medical Society for two years, was appointed
and served as medical examiner, was elected as a member
of the Governor's Council, and served as Surgeon in the
50th Massachusetts Regiment. In various ways prompted
by a tender heart and generous nature, he endeared him-
self to a large circle of friends through a long life, and
laid down his work in the way that he himself had desired
to lay it down without sufiering, without an interval of
inactivity, surrounded by his friends and in his home. In
the practice of his chosen profession Dr. Cogswell was
faithful to its duties, responding promptly to the call of
suffering and offering for its relief all that a kindly heart
and an experience valuable, by reason of its variety, could
suggest. To the younger members of this society he was
a friend and counsellor, ever glad to hear of the success
of another, and to aid it generously by advice or personal
service. Positive in his convictions, and fearless in his
expression of them, he was an active force in the world,

i63

and by the integrity of his character, his power was
directed to the accomplishment of good. We desire to
express to his wife and his family friends our sympathy,
and to place on record our appreciation of the value of a
life lived as his has been lived. He is mourned in the
hearts of many and in these hearts will be reared monu-
ments of remembrance to many kindly deeds unknown to
the world. Dr. Cogswell was for many years a valuable
member of the Essex Agricultural Society, and for several
years Trustee of the Society. His lectures and addresses
before the Society were characterized by careful prepara-
tion, energetic delivery, and practical application.

John A. Hoyt, of Georgetown, died May 29, 1891. He
had been a member of the Societ}^ for a number of years
and had taken a great interest in its prosperity, a man of
business sagacity and keen insight into what affected the
general welfare, of varied talents and of great value to the
community where he resided.

Thomas G. Ordway, of West Newbury, died January
25, 1890, aged 71 years 11 months.

Amos Poore, of West Newbury, died July 2, 1889,.
aged 80 years.

Calvin Rogers, of West Newbury, died June 15„
1889, aged 77 years 3 months.

, Hon. Marcus Morton, ex-Chief Justice of the Su-
preme Court of Massachusetts, died at his home in Ando-
ver, Feb. 10, 1891, aged 71 years 10 months. Judge Mor-
ton was the son of Marcus and Charlotte Morton and was-
born in Taunton, April 8, 1819. He was a member of the
famous Constitutional Convention of 1853, being elected
from Andover in 1859. He was appointed Judge upon the
Superior Bench of the State, and in 1869 was appointed
Judge in the Supreme Court. Gov. Long appointed him
Chief Justice in 1882, this position he filled with distinc-
tion until about three months before his death, when ill
health compelled him to resign. He was a valued citizen
of Andover, long a member of this Society and took a.

164

general interest in all that pertained to elevate and edu-
cate the people.

Samuel K. Johnson, of Andover, was formerly a resi-
dent of North Andover, where he had served as selectman
of the town, afterward removed to Andover where he
died May 16, 1891, aged 71 years.

Henry A. Bod well, of Andover, died quite suddenly
at his home May 17, 1891, aged 69 years. He had long
been a member of this Society and had served as Trustee.

Benjamin A. Gray, of Salem, died Feb. 27, 1891.

Clement R. Hanson, of Salem, died April 5, 1891.

Mr. John P. Foster, of North Andover, died June 4,
1891. Mr. Foster was the first President of the North
Andover farmers' club and was one of the most thrifty
farmers in Essex County, a thoroughly honest and reliable
man, a good neighbor and citizen.

Nathaniel Peters, of North Andover, died March 16,
1891, aged 74 years. The death of Mr. Peters at North
Andover on the 16th inst, closed the earthly record of a
life in some of its aspects so singular that no ordinary
" notice '' can do more than hint its quality. Only a spir-
itual biography of the man whose days were free from
those outward things commonly called " eventful " could
reveal with any clearness the depths of the surface, or the
wonted play of his nature. His " soul was like a star, and
dwelt apart." And if one star differs from another in
glory, this spirit-star had a glory of its own. Yet with a
radiance so calm and modest it shone, that even to some
who had always known its existence and magnitude, its
light seemed not fully to have reached their world.

The seventy-four years of his life had so ripened all its
fruit that it fell off like the olive, " blessing Nature who
produced it, and thanking the tree on which it grew."
And others repeat the blessing and the thanks.

A " white pine Yankee," tall and straight, Mr. Peters
was a type of the best old New England stock, grown
likewise to the generosity of nature which embraces all

i65

the good of humankind. Even his severities were gentle.
A certain survival of Puritan aspect was lighted up with
the genial glance of an eye which bore recognition and
sympathy for the common lot of earth. Modesty approach-
ing to shy diffidence was supported by the manly integri-
ty and courage of simplicity which turn the seeming
weakness of a character into finer strength. There was
an outward uprightness of carriage that spoke of the
rectitude within. He was more like to do a good deed by
stealth, than to wait for thanks or acknowledgment.
Every man who so lives must help other men to live in the
spirit of this creed.

Samuel Hutchinson, of Peabody, died June 27, 1891,
aged 76 years. For many years he had not enjoyed good
health.

Sidney C. Bancroft, of Peabody, died July 28, 1891,
aged 65 years. For many years Mr. Bancroft was a dis-
tinguished member of the Essex bar. He was born in
Peabody in 1826, and began life as a mason. A love of
literature rather than a distaste for mechanics prompted
him to leave his trade and adopt a profession ; as a parlia-
mentarian he had few equals. He was a regular atten-
dant at all the meetings of this Society whenever health
would permit, and his voice was always heard in all de-
bates where he will be much missed.

William H. Little, of Peabody, died August 16, 1891,
aged 82 years 10 months. He was born in the same house
where he died. For many years he was engaged in the
leather business. He was a man of more than ordinary
intellectual powers and had a marked taste for general
mechanics. He was very genial, always having a sunny
smile and a pleasant word for all he came in contact with.
He had served his native town two years in the legisla-
ture and for many years he had been a valued member of
the trustees of the Peabody Institute, also he was a man
who took a great interest in the fire department of the
town, having for many years been a member in his young-

1 66

«r days, and always gave his best thought and intellect to
whatever public trust he had to do with.

Daniel D. Flanders, of Haverhill, died Dec. 12, 1890,
aged 66 years. He was born in Sandown, N. H., but
came to Haverhill when quite young, and learned the
trade of currier, being an apprentice to the late Lyman
Worthen. At a later date he became a shoe manufacturer,
being for some time a member of the firm of Flanders &
Dawson, and afterward the firm was Flanders & How.
Mr. Flanders was never a farmer but was always inter-
ested in this Society and its work. He was a man of
commanding physique and was well known and respected
by all.

James A. Bartlett, of Danvers, died Sept. 20, 1891.

Israel P. Boardman, of Danvers, died Feb. 17, 1891.

Edwin F. Putnam, of Danvers, died Aug. 18, 1890.

David Tuller Perley, of Ipswich, one of the best
known and wealthiest farmers in Essex county, died at
his residence in Linebrook Parish, Ipswich, August 16,
1891. He had been sick only two days. The cause of
death was measles. Mr. Perley was born in Linebrook,
Jan. 17, 1824. He inherited a large farm from his father,
and by his thrift and industry had amassed a large fortune.
He was well known throughout the eastern part of this state
:a8 a cattle dealer. His reputation had always been, that he
■was upright and honest in his dealings, and square on a
trade. Mr. Perley had been married three times, and leaves
a widow and eight children to mourn his loss. The funeral
took place Wednesday afternoon, it being delayed one day
to allow Oscar Perley, his eldest son, time to arrive here
from Nebraska.

Horace Ware, who died May 2, 1891, at the age of 71,
was born in Salem, on the Pickman Farm. At an early
age he began farming on his own account at Marblehead
Farms District. He was a man of unusual strength and
vigor, of pronounced and persistent character and generous
in all relations of life. He was a successful farmer, an

i67

eminent grower of vegetables, making onions a specialty.
He was for many years an active member and trustee of
this Society.

W. P. DoLLivER, of Gloucester, died in September,
1891.

H. G. Sanford, of Gloucester, died in February, 1891.

William Jones, of Newburyport, died March 14, 1890,
aged 59 years 7 months. He was a carpenter by trade.

Robert A. Smith, a farmer of Newburyport, died Nov.
15, 1890, aged 70 years 11 months.

George L. Walker, of Newburyport, died Jan. 22,
1891, aged 70 years 11 months.

George J. L. Colby, of Newburyport, died Nov. 30,
1890, aged 71 years 10 months. Mr. Colby was widely
known as an editor of ability and always took a deep inter-
est in county aifairs.

Robert G. Buxton, of Peabody, died Nov. 26, 1891.

1 68

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CONSTITUTION

OF THE

ESSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Article 1. There shall be a President, four Vic&
Presidents, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, who shall be
Trustees, ex-officio. The President, Vice Presidents and
Secretary shall be elected at the annual meeting by ballot
and the Treasurer by the Trustees, annually, at their meet-
ing in November. In addition to these, one Trustee shall
be elected annually for each town in the County, and the
Trustee for each town shall be elected by members of the
Society in said town, at a meeting called for that purpose,*
in accordance with notice issued by the Secretary, and
shall continue in oJBEice until another is elected in his stead ;
and such election shall be final, and shall constitute the
Trustee so elected a member of the Board of Trustees of
the Society ; and the result of the election in each town
shall be communicated as early as possible to the Secretary.

Art. 2. There shall be an Annual Meeting of the So-
ciety, at such times as the Trustees shall determine, at
which all officers shall be elected. Twenty members at
least shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business.

Art. 3. If at any meeting of the Society, or the Trus-
tees, the President and Vice Presidents shall be absent,
the members present may appoint one from among them to
preside at such meeting.

Art. 4. The President, or, in case of his absence, either

♦These meetings are held the last Tuesday of October, and the Trustees^
•lected commence their duties at the November meeting of Trustees.

170

of the Vice Presidents, with the advice of the Trustees,
may call a special meeting of the Society ; or whenever a
written application, with the reason assigned therefore,
shall be made by any twelve members of the Society, to the
Presidents and Trustees, they shall call such meeting.

Art. 5. The meetings of the Trustees shall be held at
such time and place as they shall from time to time agree
upon ; seven of whom with the presiding officer shall make
a quorum.

Art. 6. The Trustees shall regulate all the concerns of
the Society, during the intervals of its meetings ; propose
such objects of improvement to the attention of the public,
publish such communications, and offer premiums in such
form and value as they think proper (provided the pre-
miums offered do not exceed the funds of the Society) ;
and shall lay before the Society, at each of its meetings, a
statement of their proceedings and of the communications
made to them.

Art. 7. The Secretary shall take minutes of all the
votes and proceedings of the Society and of the Trustees,
and enter them in separate books ; and shall record all
such communications as the Trustees shall direct. He
shall write and answer all letters relating to the business
•of the Society.

Art. 8. The Treasurer shall receive all monies due or
payable to the Society, and all donations that may be made
to it, for which he shall give duplicate receipts, one of
which shall be lodged with the Secretary, who shall make
a fair record thereof. The Treasurer shall from time to
time pay out such monies as he shall have orders for
from the Trustees; and shall annually, and whenever
thereto required, render a fair account of all his receipts
and payments to the Society or a committee thereof. He
shall give bonds for the faithful discharge of his duty, in
such sum as the Trustees shall direct, and with such sure-
ties.

Art. 9. A committee shall be appointed annually by

171

the Trustees, to audit the Treasurer's accounts, who shall
report to the Society ; and the same being accepted, shall
be entered by the Secretary in his books.

Art. 10. In case of death, resignation, incapacity, or
removal out of the County, of the Secretary or of the Treas-
urer, the Trustees shall take charge of the official books,
papers, and other effects, belonging to the office that may
be vacated, and give receipts for the same ; which books,
papers, etc., they may deliver to some person whom they
may appoint to fill the office until the next meeting of the
Society, at which time there shall be a new choice.

Art. 11. *Any citizen of the County may become a
member of the Society, by paying the sum of three dol-
lars to increase the permanent fund of the institution.

Art. 12. A committee shall be raised from time to
time, to solicit and receive subscriptions for raising a fund
for encouraging the noblest of pursuits, the Agriculture of
our country ; the same to be sacredly appropriated to that
purpose.

Art. 13. All ordained ministers of the Gospel who re-
side within the County, shall be admitted honorary mem-
bers of the Society.

Art. 14. In addition to the usual number of Trustees
annually elected, the past Presidents of the Society shall be
honorary members of the Board of Trustees.

Art. 15. The foregoing constitution may be amended
by a proposition of the amendment in writing by a member
at a regular meeting ; the same to lie over for the action
at the next annual meeting of the Society.

•Members will receive from the Secretary a " certificate of membership." No
tines or assessments are ever imposed. Members are entitled to vote in all its
transactions, with free use of the Library and a copy of the printed "Transac-
tions" each year.

A premium of six dollars is now offered to the resident of the County obtain-
ing the largest number of new members during the year ending Nov. 1.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY

"WOTt 1891-9S.

PRESIDENT.

FRANCIS H. APPLETON, of Peabody.

VICE PRESIDENTS.

JAMBS J. H. GREGORY, of Marblehead.
JAMES P. KING, of Peabody.
OLIVER S. BUTLER, of Georgetown.
AARON LOW, of Essex.

SECRETARY.

JOHN M. DANFORTH, of Lynnfield.

TREASUI^ER.

GILBERT L. STREETER, of Salem.

HONORARY TRUSTEES.

JOSEPH HOW, of Methuen.
BENJAMIN P. WARE, of Marblehead.

DELEGATE TO THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.

BENJAMIN P. WARE, of Marblehead.

TRUSTEES.

Charles C. Blunt, Andover. Wm. H. Allen, Manchester.

Edmund Gale, Amesburj. Geo. B. Bradley, Methuen.

John W. Lovett, Beverly. Geo. W. Sargent, Merrimac.

J. W. Chadwick, Boxford. Hiram A. Stiles, Middleton.

^7Z

S. W. Hopkinson, Bradford. William D. Hodges, Nahant.
Charles H. Preston, Danvers.B. F. Stanley, Newburyport.
Elias Andrews, Essex. Edward Kent, Newbury.

Sherman Nelson, Georgetown.J. D. W. French, N. Andover.
A. F. Harvey, Gloucester. N, M. Quint, Peabody.
Edw. Harrington, Groveland. Story D. Pool, Rockport.
Alvin Smith, Hamilton. Frank P. Todd, Rowley.

Thomas Sanders, Haverhill. Henry A. Hale, Salem.
W. F. Kinsman, Ipswich. Wm. H. Greenleaf, Salisbury.
H. G. Herrick, Lawrence. Samuel Hawkes, Saugus.
Asa T. Newhall, Lynn. David Warren, Swampscott.

John H. Perkins, Lynnfield. Eugene L. Wildes, Topsfield.
Wm. S. Phillips, jr., Marblh'd. Henry Hobbs, Wenham.
William P. Bailey, West Newbury.

NEW MEMBERS.

Milo H. Gould, Andover. William Oswald, Lawrence.
J. Warren Moor, Andover. Wm. R. Pedrick, Lawrence.
Henry McLawlin, Andover. H. B. Robinson, Lawrence.
F. H. Foster, Andover. Joseph Ruht, Lawrence.

Alfred G. Play don, Andover. Edwin M. Sanborn, Lawrence.
Edw. H. Appleton, Beverly. Wm. H. Sylvester, Lawrence.
Wm. Caleb Loring, Beverly. Caleb Saunders, Lawrence.
Byron G. Kimball, Bradford. A. W. Stearns, Lawrence.
J. Webb Barton, Danvers. A. E. Sargent, Lawrence.
George P. Low, Essex. Jas. R. Simpson, Lawrence.

Chas. W. Nelson, Georget'wn.J. J. Stanley, Lawrence.
Benj. F. Brickett, Haverhill. N. S. S. Tompkins, Lawrence.
Wm. S. Messerve, Haverhill. R. H. Tewksbury, Lawrence.
Wm. H. Moody, Haverhill. C. C. Talbot, Lawrence.
Warren C. Allyn, Lawrence. Byron Truell, Lawrence.
M. C. Austin, Lawrence. H. K. Webster, Lawrence.
Charles U. Bell, Lawrence. Gilman P. Wiggin, Lawrence.
F. J. Ball, Lawrence. Cora M. Wardsworth, Law'ce.

Albert C. Butler, Lawrence. Henry S. Wilson, Lawrence.
Adolph G. Boehm, Lawrence.Chas. S. Hanks, Manchester.
Geo. W. Colburn, Lawrence. Isaac C. Brown, Methuen.

174

Charles Clarke, Lawreii.'ie. Michael Dwyer, Methuen,
Maurice K. Curran,Lavvrcnce.C. H. Hall, Methuen.
Arthur W. Dyer, Lawrence. Fred A. Russell, Methuen.
C. A. DeCourtney, Lawrence. Addison P. Russell, Methuen.
George Ford, Lawrence. Leverett Swan, Methuen.

John Farrell, Lawrence. Chas. M. Sawyer, Methuen.

John F. Finn, Lawrence. William D. Hodges, Nahant.
Wm. Fitzgerald, Lawrence. Herbert F. Otis, Nahant.
Patrick Ford, Lawrence. Geo. L. Averill, No. Andover.

William H. Gile, Lawrence. Lewis Albegett, No. Andover.
Dyer S. Hall, Lawrence. Amos D. Carlton,No.Andov'r.

Joseph Jackson, Lawrence. Walter H. Hayes,No.Andov'r .
George S. Jenkins, Lawrence. Humprey P. Bray, Rockport.
William S. Jewett, Lawrence. Lewis E. Nickerson, Rockp't.
George E. Kline, Lawrence. George W. Tufts, Rockport.
G. H. Kittredge, Lawrence. Thaddeus Hale, Rowley.
W. 0. Mahoney, Lawrence. William A. Horton, Salem.
L. C. Moore, Lawrence. Geo. E. Littlefield, Salisbury.

Patrick McCarthy, Lawrence.John B. Faxon, Saugus.
John K. Norwood, Lawrence.Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus.

CHANGES REPORTED BY TRUSTEES IN 1891.

S. H. Jones, Danvers, from Middleton.

John R. Rollins, Derry, N. H., from Lawrence.

Israel H. Cole, Lynn, from Gloucester.

Stephen Dodd, Rockport, from Gloucester.

Frank J. Bradley, Haverhill, from Methuen.

Nathaniel Shatswell, Washington, D. C, from Ipswich.

C. U. Burbank, Alfred, Me., from Amesbury.

B. G. Ladd, West Newbury, from Bradford.

Horatio Bodge, Peabody, from Danvers.

Edward L. Hill, Templeton, from Danvers.

Ransom F. McCrillis, Salem from Danvers.

George S. Perry, Brattleboro, Vt., from Danvers..

Samuel S. Pratt, Revere, from Danvers.

Alfred M. Trask, Brockton, from Danverg.

175

Francis Marsh, Danvers, from Peabody.
Edgar Bliss, Beverly, from Salem.

CORRECTIONS OF 1890 LIST.

Humphrey B. Bray, Rockport, should be Humphrey P.
Bray.

James B. Merriden, Rockport, should be James P.
Merridew.

List of Premiums Awarded in 1891.

FAT CATTLE.

James C. Poor, No. Andover, for oxen, first preraium, $8 00
Daniel A. Carlton, No. Andover, for oxen, second pre-
mium, 6 00
J. P. Little, Amesbury, third premium, 3 00

BULLS.

W. F. Kinsman, Ipswich, Jersey, first premium, 4 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, best bull with 5 of his

stock, first premium, 10 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire, first premium, 8 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, bull calf, first premium, 2 00
Shattuck Brothers, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, 8 00
W. A. Russell, No. Andover, Holstein, second premium, 4 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein ca,lf, first premium, 2 00

E. C. Little, Haverhill, Holstein, first premium, 4 00

F. H. Foster, Andover, Guernsey, first premium, 4 00

MILCH cows.
Leverett Swan, Methuen, short horn, first premium, 10 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Guernsey, first premium, 10 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire, first premium, 10 00
J. J). W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire, second premium, 4 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, 10 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, most milk for twenty

days, Holstein, first premium, 10 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, grade, first premium, 10 00
Wm. A. Russell, No Andover, for best cow of any age
or breed, Holstein cow, " Queen Ruiter," first
premium, Diploma and 15 00

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

Leverett Swan, Methuen, five grade cows, first premium, 18 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshires, second pre-
mium, 12 00
Wm. A. Russell, No. Andover, greatest produce of milk,

Holsteins, Diploma and 15 00

177

HEIFERS PURE BRED,

J. F. Gulliver, Andover, Jersey, first premium, 9 00

M. H. Conner, West Newbury, Ayshire, second premium, 4 00
J. F, Gulliver, Andover, Jersey calf, first premium, 5 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire, first premium, 9 00
J, D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire, second premium, 6 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire, first premium, 5 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire, first premium, 5 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire, second premium, 4 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire calf, first pre-
mium, 5 00
Wm. A. Russell, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, 5 00
Wm. A. Russell, No. Andover, Holstein, second premium, 4 00
Wm. A. Russell, No. Andover, Holstein, second premiam, 6 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, 9 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, 5 00
E. C. Little, Haverhill, Jersey, second premium, 6 00
E. C. Little, Haverhill, Jersey, first premium, 5 00
E. C. Little, Haverhill, Jersey, second premium, 4 00

E, C. Little, Haverhill, Holstein, second premium, 4 00

F. H. Foster, Andover, Guernsey, first premium, 5 00

HEIFERS NATIVE OR GRADE.

D. M. Ayer, Methuen, grade Holstein, first premium, 5 00
George Ripley, Andover, grade Jersey, first premium, 5 00
S, H. Bailey, Andover, grade Jersey, first premium, 5 00

L. Albegett, No. Andover, grade Ayshire, first premium, 9 00
W. S. Hughs, No. Andover, grade Ayshire, second pre-
mium, 4 00
John F. Higgins, Middleton, native calf, second premium, 4 00
James J. Abbott, No. Andover, grade Jersey, second

premium, 4 00

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

J. P. Little, Amesbury, working oxen, first premium, 12 00
Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton, for oxen, second pre-
mium, 10 00

A. W. Peabody, Middleton, for oxen, third premium, 8 00

B. H. Farnham, No. Andover, for steers, first premium, 10 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, for steers, second premium, 6 00

178

STEKRS.

B. W. Farnham, No. Audover, 3 years old, first premium, 8 00
B. H. Farnham, No. Andover, 3 years old, second pre-
mium, 6 00
Wm. P. Christopher, ]\Iiddleton, 2 years old, second

premium, 5 00

STALLIONS FOR DRIVING.

J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, for "Essex Hambleton-

ian," Diploma and 15 00

Wm. S. Messerve, Haverhill, for " Little Phil," first

premium, 10 00

Chas. A. Lunt, Newbury, for " Gladstone," second pre-
mium, 6 00

BROOD MARES FARM PURPOSES.

E. C. Little, Haverhill, for gray mare, first premium, 10 00
B. H. Farnham, No. Andover, for gray mare, second

premium, 6 00

John H. George, Methuen, for sorrel mare, third premium, 4 00

BROOD MARES FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

Peter Holt, jr., No. Andover, first premium, 10 00

J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, second premium, 6 00

Towne Brothers, Haverhill, third premium, 4 00

FAMILY HORSES.

M. C. Andrews, Andover, mare " Princess," first pre-
mium, 10 00

M. H. Connor, West Newbury, mare " Nelly," second

premium, 6 00

Wm. K. Cole, Boxford, mare '* Beauty," third premium, 4 00

gents' DRIVING HORSES.

Byron G. Kimball, Bradford, horse " Starlight," first

premium, 10 00

Charles Clarke, Lawrence, mare " Milley," second pre-
mium, 6 00

M. C. Andrews, Andover, mare, " Cyclone," third pre-
mium, 4 00

SINGLE FARM HORSES.

John H. Perkins, Lynnfield, first premium, 10 00

179

6

00

4

00

10

00

6

00

10 00

8

00

10

00

8

00

Moses H, Poor, West Newbury, second premium,
James C. Poor, No. Andover, third premium,
Fred Symonds, No. Andover, first premium,
W. J. Currier, Danvers, second premium,

PAIRS OF FAKM HORSES.

Isaac C. Brown, Methuen, first premium,
A. M. Eobinson, No. Andover, second premium,
M. H. Connor, West Newbury, first premium,
J. Horace Nason, Boxford, second premium,

COLTS FOR FARM WORK.

M. H. Connor, West Newbury, 4 year old colt, first

premium, 8 00

M. Dwyer, Methuen, 2 year old colt, first premium, 8 00

M. H. Connor, West Newbury, 2 year old colt, second

premium, 5 00

R. T. Jaques, Newbury, 1 year old colt, first premium, 5 00
H. G. Meade, No. Andover, 1 year old colt, second

premium, 3 00

COLTS FOR DRIVING.

Edwin Bates, Lynn, 4 year old colt, first premium, 8 00

L. F. Moulton, Lawrence, 4 year old colt, second premium, o 00
Byron G. Kimball, Bradford, 3 year old colt, first pre-
mium, 6 00
C. Moynihan, Newbury, 3 je&v old colt, second premium, 3 00
J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, 2 year old colt, first premium, 8 00
W. H. & L. J. Tufts, Middleton, 2 year old colt, second

premium, 5 00

Benj. Pearson, jr., Newbury, 2 year old colt, third pre-
mium, 3 00
J. E. Bickuell, jr., Lawrence, yearlingcolt, first premium, 5 00
J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, yearling colt, second pre-
mium, 3 00

SWINE.

J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, Chester white boar, first

premium, 8 00

J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, Chester white sow, first

premium, 8 00

A If red G. Playdon, Andover, sow and pigs, first premium, 8 00

i8o

Geo. E. Littlefield, Salisbury, Berkshire boar, first pre-
mium, 8 00

Geo. E. Littlefield, Salisbury, Chester white pigs, sec-
ond premium, 5 00

Geo. E. Littlefield, Salisbury, Chester white sow, second

premium, 5 00

Geo. E. "Littlefield, Salisbury, Berkshire sow, first pre-
mium, 8 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, grade sow, first premium, 8 00

M. B. Chesley, Amesbury, Chester white sow, first pre-
mium, 8 00

E. C. Little, Haverhill, 30 pigs, second premium, 5 00

E. C. Little, Haverhill, Chester white boar, second pre-

mium, 5 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, small Yorkshire boar,

first premium, 8 00

SHEEP.

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, 10 ewes, first premium, 10 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, buck, first premium, 8 00
C. H. Tenney, Methuen, 12 lambs, first premium, 6 00

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAM.

J. P. Little, Amesbury, first premium,

B. H. Farnham, No. Andover, second premium,

PLOUGHING WITH SINGLE TEAM.

Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton, first premium,

PLOUGHING SWIVEL PLOUGH, DOUBLE TEAM.

Farnham & Wilkins, Topsfield, first premium,

SINGLE ox TEAM.

A. W. Peabody, Middleton, first premium,

HORSES, SWIVEL PLOUGH.

A. M. Robinson, No. Andover, first premium,
I. C. Brown, Methuen, second premium,

PLOUGHING WITH THREE HORSES.

M. H. Connor, West Newbury, first premium, 10 00

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOUGH.

F. A. Russell, Methuen, first premium, 10 00
Geo. E. Kline, Lawrence, second premium, 8 00

8 00

10 00

10 00

10 00

10 00

8 00

I8I

IMPROVING WASTE LAND.

C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, first premium, 15 00
C. Moynihan, Newbury, second premium, 10 00

GRAIN CROPS.

C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, crop of oats, first

premium, 10 00
Henry M. Killam, Boxford, crop of corn, first premium, 10 00
C. K, Ordway & Son, West Newbury, crop of corn, sec-
ond premium, 5 00
Abel Stickney, Groveland, crop of hay, first premium, 10 00
J. M. Pearl, Boxford, crop of barley, first premium, 10 00

ROOT CROPS.

Chas. C. Blunt, Andover, crop of parsnips, first premium, 10 00

John H. George, Methuen, crop of onions, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Henry A. Hayward, Andover, crop of cabbage, first pre-
mium, 10 00

James Manning, Topsfield, crop of onions, second pre-
mium, 5 00

C. Moynihan, Newbury, crop of ruta baga turnips, first

premium, 10 00

David Warren, Swampscott, crop of squash, first pre-
mium, 10 00

SMALL FRUITS.

Geo. J. Pierce, West Newbury, strawberry crop, first

premium, 10 00

Daniel Stiles, No. Andover, blackberry crop, first pre-
mium, 10 00

NEW MEMBERS.

Morris N. Howe, Lawrence, for most new members,

premium, 6 00

ESSAYS AND REPORTS.

George A. Rogers, North Andover, essay, first premium, 15 00
Dr. J. W. Goodell, Lynn, essay, '' Grape culture," sec-
ond premium, 10 00
M, Sumner Perkins, Danvers, essay, third premium, 8 00
0. S. Butler, Georgetown, report, first premium, 10 00

l82

OTHKR AWARDS.

Awarded by Committee on Granges, 110 00

" « " " Special Premium, 30 00

" " " " Poultry, 39 00

" « " " Harrows, 18 OO

" " " " Agricultural Implements, 58 00

« " " " Dairy, 18 00

" " " " Carriages, 12 00

« « « " Bread and Canned Fruit, etc.,22 50

« " " " Pears, 60 50

« " " " Apples, 76 00

" " « " Peaches, Grapes, etc., 49 00

" " " " Plants and Flowers, 42 00

" " " " Vegetables, . 173 00

" " « " Forest Trees, 10 00

" " " " Grain and Seed, 24 00

" " " « Counterpanes and Afghans, 22 75

" " " " Carpets and Bugs, 18 00

" " " " Manufactures from Leather, 12 00

« " " " Fancy Work, 32 25

" " " " Art Work, 50 00

" " " " Children's Work, 6 75

" " " " Manuf. and General Mdse., 20 00

RECAPITULATION.

Awarded for Improving Waste Land,

$25 00

((

Ii

Ploughing,

94 00

$110 00

FARM STOCK.

Awarded for Fat Cattle,

17 00

((

ii

Bulls,

46 00

i(

it

Milch Cows,

79 00

ti

it

Herds of Milch Cows,

45 00

11

ii

Heifers,

131 00

K

It

Heifer Calves,

10 00

t(

ii

Working Oxen and Steers,

46 00

ii

ti

Steers,

19 00

11

it

Horses,

258 00

<(

ii

Swine,

84 00

It

ii

Sheep,

24 00

<(

ii

Poultry,

39 00

11

Ii

Bees, Hives and Honey,

5 00

803 00

FIELD AND EXPERIMENTAL CROPS.

Awarded for Grain Crops, 45 00

"■ " Root Crops, 55 00

" " Fruit Crops, 20 00

FARM AND GARDEN PRODUCTS.

Awarded for Grain and Seed,

24 00

" " Vegetables,

173 00

" " Fruits,

185 50

" " Plants and Flowers,

42 00

DAIRY PRODUCT.

Awarded for Butter,

18 00

" " Special Premium,

30 00

120 00

424 50

48 00

i84

DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES.

Awarded for Bread, Canned Fruits, etc., 22 50

" " Counterpanes and Afghans, 22 75

" " Carpetiugs and Rugs, 18 00

" " Articles Manuf. from Leather, 12 00

" " Manufactures and General Mdse. 20 00

« " Fancy Work, 32 25

" " Work of Art, 50 00

" " Children's Work, 6 75

MISCELLANEOUS.

Awarded for Agricultural Implements,

76 00

" Carriages,

12 00

" Forest Trees,

10 00

" Granges,

110 00

" New Members,

6 00

" Essays, Reports, etc..

43 00

184 25

257 00

TOTAL, $1,955 75

The amount of $1,955.75 was awarded to 389 individuals

and firms in 31 different cities and towns in the county as
follows, viz :

Merrimac, $2 25

Methueu, 190 50

Middleton, 70 00

Marblehead, 9 00

Newbury, 97 00

Newburyport, 6 00

North Andover, 440 00

Peabody, 28 50

Rockport, 3 00

Rowley, 19 00

Salem, 2 00

Salisbury, 26 00

Saugus, 10 00

Swampscott, 30 00

Topsfield, 20 00
West Newbury, $123.

Amesbury,

$60 50

Andover,

150 50

Beverly,

6 00

Boxford,

74 50

Bradford,

21 75

Danvers,

59 25

Essex,

10 00

Georgetown,

11 00

Groveland,

26 25

Hamilton,

8 00

Haverhill,

98 25

Ipswich,

4 00

Lawrence,

268 50

Lynn,

69 00

Lynnfield,

13 00

i85

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

Keceipts for Admission to Hall, $1642 00

" " " " Dinner, 139 00

" " Grounds for Caterers, Swings, etc., 149 25

$1930 25

Expenses, including Tent-hire, Halls and Dinner, 1095 52

Amount paid Treasurer, $834 73

1 8 9 S.

PREMIUM LIST OF

Essex Agricultural Society,

FOB THE

Seventy-Second Annual Cattle Show and Fair,

To be held September 27 and 28, in Lawrence.

^^»-«»-^

Duties of Trustees.

The Trustee of each town is instructed to see the several mem-
bers of Committees in his town previous to the Show, and urge
upon them the importance of attending to their duties. Also im-
press upon exhibitors from localities near to the Exhibition, the
importance of entering their exhibits the afternoon and evening of
Monday, in fairness to those from a distance, who are obliged to
come Tuesday.

To be prompt at the meeting in June for filling Committees,
and at the meeting of the Society for filling vacancies in commit-
tees on the first day of the Exhibition, making sure that the names
proposed at those meetings are of persons who will serve.

Duties of Committees.

Committees on live stock and articles exhibited on the Fair
Grounds should appear at the Secretary's oflice on the grounds, at
one o'clock, punctually, on the first day of the exhibition, and
there organize, take the books of entry, and proceed at once to
business. Committees in hall, should take the books of entry from
the Superintendent, promptly after the entries close.

Full reports of awards by committees, on the blanks furnished
by the Secretary, to be signed b}' all the members acting on the
same, are required of each committee.

Three members of any committee consisting of more than that
number are authorized to act.

No member of the Society shall act on any committee of which
he is an exhibitor in the same chiss.

The Diploma of the Society being considered the highest premi-
um that can be awarded, no committee is authorized to award it,
except for animals and articles of si^edal merit, deserving of in-
dorsement and recommendation by the Society.

i87

No committee is authorized to award gratuities, except the com-
mittee on agricultural implements, carriages, bread, honey, and
canned fruits, domestic manufactures, fruits, vegetables in hall,
and flowers; or any premium, unless the rules of the Society have
been strictly complied with. I^either shall they award premiums
or gratuities in excess of the amount appropriated.

No gratuity is to be awarded of less than fifty cents.

The several committees are requested to affix premium cards,
and also on animals, blue, white, and red printed premium ribbons
(which may be had of the Secretary or assistant on the grounds
and at the hall), for the several animals or articles designating the
grade of premium awarded each, and the name of the person to
whom awarded, and special care should be taken that the card&
issued correspond with the awards in their report to the Society.

The reports of awards of premiums on ploughing and on animals
and articles exhibited at the Show, must be delivered promptly to
the Secretary for announcement on Wednesday.

The Society offers liberal premiums for the best reports of com-
mittees; and the chairmen of the several committees are requested
to present to the Secretary a full report explanatory of the opinions
of the committee on the matter referred to them, within two weeks
after the awards are made at the Show, for publication in the Trans-
actions.*

Eeports on farms, crops, etc., to be presented previous to the
meeting of the Trustees in November.

Any member of a committee who cannot serve on the same is re-
quested to give notice to the Secretary, before the Show, so that the
vacancy may be filled.

Each member of the several committees will receive a ticket of
admission to the hall of exhibition, on application to the Secretary.

•Chairmen of committees will please notice this request.

General Rules.

Competitors are requested to carefully 7-ead the rules and premium
list before making entries.

Claims (entries) for premiums to be awarded at the Exhibition
on the Fair Grounds, must beTentered with the Secretary of the
Society, or his agent, on or before 10 o'clock A. M., and in the Ex-
hibition Hall, on or before 11 A. M-, of the first day thereof.

All claims (entries) for premiums on Fair Grounds, must be
handed or forwarded to the Secretary or his agent, in writing, pre-
vious to the day of the Fair, if possible, or on or before 10 o'clock
A. M., of the first day thereof.

Any person not a member of the Society, awarded seven dollars
and upwards, shall receive a certificate of membership, for which
three dollars of his award will be taken to increase the funds of
the Society.

Diplomas awarded will be delivered and premiums paid, to the
person to whom the premium or gratuity is awarded, or an agent
duly authorized, on application to the Treasurer, at First National
Bank, Salem, on and after the fourth Monday of November.

i88

All premiums and gratuities awarded, the payment of which is
not demanded of the Treasurer on or before the first day of Sep-
tember next succeeding the Exhibition, will be considered as given
to increase the funds of the Societ)^

In all cases the reports of award of premiums and gratuities
made by the several committees and adopted by the Society shall
be final. Committees should see that the premium cards issued, cor-
respond with the premiums and gratuities awarded in their reports.

No person shall be entitled 1 o receive a premium, unless he com-
plies with the conditions on which the premiums are offered, and by
proper entry as required, gives notice of his intention to compete
for the same; and committees are instructed to award no premium
unless the animal or article offered is worthy.

No animal or object that is entered in one class, with one com-
mittee shall be entered in another class, except town teams, fat
cattle, working oxen, working steers, and farm horses, which may
be entered tor ploughing, and milch cows, which may be entered
with a herd.

In regard to all subjects for which premiums are offered it is to
be distinctly understood that the Trustees reserve to themselves
the right of judging the quality of the animal or article offered;
and that no premium will be awarded unless the objects of them
are of decidedly superior quality.

Pure Bred Animals, defined by the State Board of Agriculture.

The p'^oo/ that an animal is so bred should be a record of the an-
imal or its ancestors, as recorded in some herd book, recognized by
leading breeders and the public generally, as complete and authen-
tic.

Standards adopted: — American Jersey C. C. Register and
American Jersey Herd Boek, Ayrshire Record and Holstein Herd
Book.

Premiums to be Awarded at the Show.

The Committees xoill take notice that no premium will be awarded
unless the animals or objects are of a decidedly superior quality.

Diplomas may be awarded for animals or articles of
special merit, in all departments of the Fair.

Cattle and other Farm Stock

TO BE ENTERED IN THE NAME OF THEIR REAL OWNER.

All animals, to be eligible to a premium, shall have been raised
by the owner within the County, or owned by the exhibitor within
the County, four months previous to the date of Exhibition, ex-
cept Working Oxen, and Working Steers.

All animals, whether teams for ploughing, or animals entered for
premium or exhibition, will be fed during the Exhibition, and
longer when they are of necessity prevented from leaving, at the
expense of the Society.

i8g

FAT CATTLE.

Fat cattle, fatted within the County, regard beinsrhad to manner
of feeding and the expense thereof, all of which shall be stated by
the exhibitor in writing, and returned to the Secretary, with com-
mittee's report.

For Pairs of Fat Cattle, premiums, $8, 6, 3

For Fat Cows, premiums, $7^ 5

BULLS.

*Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein, Guernsey or of
any other recognized breed, for each breed.

Two years old and upwards, premiums, S8, 4

Under two years, for each breed, ^4, 3

Bull Calves under one year old, premium for each breed, $2

BULLS OF ANY AGE OR BREED.

For the best bull of any age or breed, with five of his stock not
less than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into ac-
count, and especially the adaptability of the animal to the agricul-
ture of the County. Diploma and SIO
Note.— Competitors are required to give a written statement of pedigree, and
committees are requested to be particular in this respect, and return tbem to the
Secretary with report.

MILCH COWS.

For the best Milch Cow any age or breed, with satisfactory
record in quarts or pounds by her daily yield of milk for one oV
more years, premium, $15

For Milch Cows, either Foreign, Native or Grade, not less than
four nor more than ten years old, with satisfactory evidence as to
quantity and quality of milk, either by weight or measure, during
the evening or morning of the first and last ten days of any month,
premiums, $10, 4

Milch Cows, Ayrshire, Jersey, Devon, Short Horn, Holstein,
Guernsey, or any other recognized breed, four years old and up-
wards, premiums, for each breed, .$10, 4

For Native or Grade Cows, four years old and upwards, pre-
miums, $10, 4

For the Cows that make the most butter in any single week from
June 1st to September 15th, premiums, $10, 4

Note.— A written statement will be required of the age and breed of all Milch
Cows entered, and time they dropped their last calf, and when they will next
calve, the kind, quality and quantity of their food duriug the season, and the
manner of their feeding, which statement is to be returned to the Secretary with
Committee's report.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

For herds of Milch Cows, not less than five in number, to be ex-
hibited at the Show, and a correct statement of manner of keeping
and yield for one year preceding the Show, premiums, $18, 12

For the greatest produce of milk on any farm, in proportion to

the number of cows producins: it, not less than four, from April 1,
1889, to April 1, 1890, statement to be made of the exchanges
made, manner, and expense of food, use made of milk, and such
other facts as will illustrate the entire management, special regard
being had to the mode in which the account is kept, premium,

Diploma, and S15

Note.— The above mentioned statements are to be returned to the Secretary
■with Committee's report. The Committee can accept statements dating from
January 1st, preceding the Show.

HEIFERS.

FiKST Class. — Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein,

Guernsey, or any other recognized breed, under four years old, in

milk, premiums, for each breed, S9, 6

Two year olds of each breed, that have never calved, premiums,

§5,4
One year olds of each breed, premiums, .^5, 4

Heifer Calves, under one year, premiums for each breed. §5,4
Second Class. — Native or Grade Milch, under four years old,
premiums, §9, 6

Two year olds, that have never calved, premiums, §5, 4

One year olds and less than two, premiums, §5, 4

Heifer calves, Native or Grade, under one year old, premiums,

§5,4

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

Stags excluded. For pairs of Working Oxen under eight and
not less than five years old, taking into view their size, power, qual-
it}'^ and training, premiums, §12, 10, 8

For pairs of Working Steers, four years old, to be entered in the
name of the owner, premiums, §10, 6

XoTE. — Tlie Committee are required to consider tlie quality and shape of the
cattle as well aj their working capacity. The training of working oxen and
steers will be tested by trial on a cart or wagon containing a load weighing two
tons for oxen, and 3000 pounds for steers. ^p'At the time of entry a certihcate
of the weight of the cattle must be filed with the Secretary.

TOWN TEAMS.

For Town Teams of Oxen, ten yoke or more in a team, pre-
miums, §20, 12

For Town Teams of Horses, ten or more pairs in a team, pre-
miums, §20, 12

STEERS.

For pairs of three year old Steers, broken to the yoke, premiums, •

§8,6
For pairs of two year old Steers, premiums, $6, 5

For i)airs of yearling Steers, premiums, S5, 4

For pairs of Steer Calves, premiums, $4, 2

STALLIONS.

First Class.— For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, four
years old and upwards, diploma or premiums, SIO, 6, 4

191

For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, three years old, pre-
miums, .^8, 5
For best Stallion of any age, and Ave colts of his stock, not less
than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into account.

Diploma and $15

Second Class. — For Stallions for Driving purposes, four years

old and upwards, premiums, $10, 6, 4

For Stallions for Driving purposes, three years old, premiums,

$8, 5

For best Stallion of any age and five colts of his stock, not less

than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into account,

Diploma and $15

Note.— No Stallion will be entitled to a premium unless free from all apparent
defects capable of being transmitted. All Stallions entered in either class must
have been owned by the exhibitor four months previous to the exhibition.

BROOD MAEES.

First Class. —For Brood Mares for Farm and Draft purposes,
with their foal not more than eight months old, by their side, pre-
miums, $10, 6, 4

Second Class. — For Brood Mares for Driving purposes, with
their foal not m n-e tlian eight months old, by their side, premiums,

$10, 6, 4

Note.— No brood mare will be entitled to a premium unless free from all ap-
parent defects capable of being transmitted.

'FAMILY HORSES.

For Family Horses, premiums, $10, 6, 4

Note.— No horse will receive a premium unless free from all unsoundness.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIV^ING HORSES.
For Gentlemen's Driving Horses, premiums, $10, 6, 4

FARM HORSES.

For Farm Horses, weighing 1200 lbs. and over, premiums,

$10, 6, 4
For Farm H^orses weighing less than 1200 lbs. , premiums, $10, 6, 4

Note— No horse will be allowed except those actually used on farms, whether
the owner has a farm or not. The weight of load to be used in trial of Farm
Horses is to be fixed upon by the committee of arrangements for drafting, the
difference in the load for horses of 1200 lbs. and over, and those under 1200 lbs. to
he 1000 lbs., and between the two classes of pairs 2000 lbs. No obstruction shall
be placed either before or behiad the wheels in trials of Draft horses of either
class. But wheels to be trigged to hold the load when they stop on a hill. If
this rule is not complied with, the premiums shall be withheld.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.

First Class. — For pairs of Farm Horses, weighing 2500 lbs.
and upwards, (see above note) premiums, $10, 8

Second Class. — For pairs of Farm Horses, weighing less than
2500 lbs. (see above note) premiums, SIO, 8

192

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES.

First Class. — For Mare or Qelding four year old Colts, pre-
miums, $8, 5, 3

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, 86, 3

Second Class.— For Stallion, Gelding, or Mare, two year old
Colts, premiums, .^8, 0, 3

For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, yearling Colts, premiums. So, 3

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES.

First Class. — For Mare or Gelding four year old Colts, pre-
miums, S8, 5, 3

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, .^6, 3

Second Class. — For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, two year old
Colts, premiums, ^8, 5, 3

For Stallion, Gelding or Mare yearling Colts, premiums, $5, 3

SWINE.

First Class. — Large breeds, viz.: Cheshire, Berkshire, Ches-
ter County White, Poland China, Large Yorkshire, and any other
breed or grade weighing more than 800 lbs. at maturity.

For Boars, premiums, $8, 5

For Breeding Sows, with their pigs by their side, premiums,

$8, 5

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between two and
four naonths old, premiums, $8, 5

Second Class. — Small breeds, such as Suffolk, Essex, Small
Yorkshire, China, and any other breed or grade weighing less than
300 lbs. at maturity.

For Boars, premiums, if 8, 5

For Breeding Sows, with their pigs by their side, premiums,

$8,5

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between two and
four months old, premiums, $S, 5

SHEEP.

For flocks of Sheep not less than ten in number, premiums,

SIO, 6

For best Buck, premium. ' S8

For lots of Liimbs, not less than four in number, between four

and twelve months old, premiums, $6, 4

POULTRY.

For pairs of Fowls, Light Brahmas, Dark Brahmas, Buff Co-
chins, Partridge Cochins, Black Cochins, White Cochins, Plymouth
Rocks, Dorainiques, White Les^horus, Brown Leghorns, Dominique
Leghorns, Black Spanish, Hamburgs, Polish, Games, Dorking,
Bantams, Black, White and Mottled Javas, Wyandottes, White
Wyandottes, xVndalusian, Erminet, Langshangs, and Frizzle , and
other recognized varieties, each variety, premiums, $2, 1

193

For pairs of Chickens of above varieties, premiums, S2, 1

For tlie best breeding pen of each variety — Diploma of the So-
ciety.

For the best pairs of Native Fowls, premiums, S2, 1

Pairs can be exhibited in "breeding pens," by marking the com-
peting female (with a ribbon or colored string), which, with the
male will form the pair.

For lots of Turkeys, and Ale8bury,Eouen, Caouga, Pekin, White
and Colored Muscovey, and Brazilian Ducks, and Toulouse, Em-
den, Brown China, and African Geese, premiums. S2, 1

For 10 or more Fowls exhibited, whether thoroughbreds,
crossed or mixed, with an account for one year, showing cost and
method of keeping, production and profit, premiums, .$8, 6, 5

As above, with an account for six months, premiums, .f 5, 3, 2

For the best pair of Dressed Fowls, Chickens, Ducks and Geese,
weight to be given, premium for each pair, ^2

For the best 12 Eggs from Asiatic, American, Game, French and
Spanish classes (Hamburg?, Polish, Dorkings to compete in the
Spanish class), premium for each class, $1

Any exhibitor interfering with the Judges in the discharge of
their duties or interfering with, or handling any specimen on ex-
hibition, other than his own, shall forfeit all claim he may have in
the premium list.

All breeds exhibited separately and to be judged by the rules of
the " American Standard of Excellence. "

For best exhibit of Poultry Appliances, $5-

PLOUGHING.

General Note on Ploughing.— Stags are excluded. Teams must be entered
in the names of their owners, and only double ox-teams to have drivers. A team
consisting of one pair of oxen and a horse will be considered a double team.
The owners of separate teams may unite the same and be allowed to comjiete for
premiums. The ploughmen and drivers must have been residents of the County
at least three months before the exhibition. Those who intend to be competitors
must give notice to reach the Secretary on or before Saturday previous to the show.
The lands will be staked, but each ploughman will be required to strike out his
own lands in the presence of the "Committee on Striking out Grounds for
Ploughing, " after half past nine o'clock on the morning t>f the trial. Plough-
men with land side ploughs are to back furrow three furrows on each side of the
stakes set, the last furrow to be of the depth required in the class. Ploughmen
with swivel ploughs to turn the outside of their furrow to the stakes on one side,
and to tinish one foot from the stake on the other. Committees to note and re-
port the kind of plough used.

Ploughing with Double Teams.— One-eighth of an acre,^
at least eight inches deep, premiums, .f 10, 8, 6

Ploughing with Single Teams. — One-eighth of an acre, at
least six inches deep, premiums, SIO, 8, 5

Ploughing with Horses. — With any form of Plough, except
Swivel, one-eighth of an acre, at least six inches deep, premiums,

-f 10, 7, 5

Ploughing with Three Horses.— One-eighth of an acre^
eight inches deep, without driver, premium, SIO

Same with four horses, with driver, premium, $10

Ploughing with Swivel Plough. — One-eighth of an acre,
with double ox-teams, at least eight inches deep, premiums. $10, 8

Same with single ox-teams, at least six inches deep, premiums,

$10, 8

194

Same with Horse Teams, consistins: of two horses, ploughing at
least six inches deep, premiums, SIO, 8

Ploughing— Sulky Plough.— For the best performances
taking into account ease of draft, amount and quality of work,
premiums, -^10' ^

HARROWS.

For the best Harrow exhibited and its merits shown by actual
test upon the ploughed ground, SIO, 8

Note.— Entry must be made with the Secretary before the day of the trial with
description of Harrow.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

For the best collection of Implements and Machines (no article
offered in collection will be entitled to a separate premium),

Diploma and .flO
Best Market Wagon, premium, S5

Best Farm Wagon, for one or two horses, premium, S3

Best Horse Cart, premium, $5

Best Hay, Straw, or Corn Cutter, premium, .§1.50

Best Ox Yoke, complete, premium, ."ifl.SO

Best Fruit Evaporator, with sample of work, premium, ^5

Best set of Horse Shoes, including those for over-reaching, inter-
fering and stumbling horses, premium, 15
For implements not specified above, the Committee may at their
discretion award $4:0.

No premium or gratuity will be awarded for any Mower, Horse
Rake, Tedder, or other Machine or Implement, the merit of
which can be known only b\^ actual trial in the field; but manu-
facturers are invited to offer the same for exhibition and inspection.

CARRIAGES.

For carriages built in the County, and exhibited by the manufac-
turer, Diploma, and thirty dollars in gratuities, may be awarded by
the Committee.

In Exhibition Hall.

Committees on articles exhibited in the hall should be especially
careful that the premium or gratuity cards issued Avith the names,
and sums awarded them, correspond with those in their reports to
the Society.

Committees and Exhibitors will be governed by instructions, un-
der heading of '" Duties of Committee," " General Rules," " Pre-
miums to be awarded at the Show," see first pages, and under
" Fruit," " Domestic Manufactures," and "Flowers."

Sgf=*All Fruit, Flowers, Vegetables, and Domestic Manufactures,
must be the Product of Essex County, to be entitled to a premium
or gratuity.

195

DAIRY.

For specimenis of Butter made ou any farm within the County the
present year, samples of not less than Ave pounds to be exhibited,
with a full account of tlie process of making and management of
the Butter, premiums. $8, 6, 4

For Specimens of New Milk Cheese, made on any farm in the
County the present year, samples of not less than fifty pounds to
be exhibited, with statement in writing of the method of making
and preserving the same, premiums, .f8, 6, 4

Note.- Each lot presented for premium and the statement accompanying it,
must be numbered, but not marked so as to indicate the claimant; any public or
known mark must be completely concealed; nor must the competitors be present
at the examination.

To the person who shall furnish to the Society satisfactory evi-
dence of the greatest quantity of Butter made from any quantit}^ of
milk, being the whole produce of any single cow, for the first week
of June, July, August, and September next, stating the whole
amount of Butter produced in each week, also the time when the
cow dropped her last calf, and her feed and management all to be
taken into account in making the award, premiums,

Diploma and $10, 5

Note.— The object in offering these last premiums is to elicit inquiry as to the
value and quality of milk for the production of butter. As far as practicable it
is desirable that the race and pedigree of the cow shall be given.

BREAD AND CANNED FRUIT.

For White Bread made of Wheat flour, premiums, ^H, 2, 1

For bread made from Graham flour, premiums, S2, 1

For bread made from other grains, or other grains mixed with
wheat, premiums, Sl-50, 1

All bread, entered for premiums, to be in loaves weighing not
less than one pound each, and to be not less than twenty-four hours
old, with a full written statement over the signature and address of
the maker, stating the kind of flour used, quantity of each ingredi-
ent, how mixed, and length of time kneaded and raised, and how
long baked, xohich statements on all premium bread are to he sent to
the Secretary loitli report ol the Committee for puhli cation.

For first and second best collection of Pickles, Preserved Fruits,
and Jellies, made from products of the County, xohen premiums are
awarded, the method of making to he sent to the Secretary hy the
Committee, for publication, premiums, $3, 2

For the first and second best five pounds of Dried Apples, grown
and dried within the County, with statements of process used and
amount of labor and time required in preparing and drying, such
statement on premium fruit to he given to the Secretary for publication,
premiums, S3, 2

In addition to the above, are placed in the hands of the Com-
mittee for gratuities on other articles entered in this department,
products of this County deemed worthy. ^5

BEES, HIVES AND HONEY.

For first and second best display of Bees, Hives and Apiarian
Implements, accompanied with a written description of the beei,'

196

hives, etc., number ©f hives in use and amount of surplus honey
taken from Ihera during the season,ipremium8, S5, 3

First and second best Honey, ten pounds in comb and one pound
extracted, made in the County, with statement signed of kind of
bees and hive, and lime of year wlien honey was made, premiums,

S3, 2

Fruit.

All fruit must be entered in the name of the grower before 11
o'clock on the first day of the exhibition, and each exhibitor must
certify to the same on the Entry Book, or on lists of the varieties
of each class of fruit, or be filed when entry is made. (Committees
are not authorized to make awards to those who do not comply
with this rule.)

Tables will be labelled in a cons2ncuous manner by the hall com-
mittee before the entry of exhibitors, with the names of fruit, for
which premiums are offered, all others of same class fruit to be
labelled miscellaneous. Exhibitors must place their several vari-
eties of each class of fruit where indicated by such labels, or be
considered by the committee as not competing for premium.

Plates of collections of fruit, when premiums are offered there-
for, must be entered and placed by the exhibitor on the table as-
signed for the exhibit of collections of fruit.

To entitle exhibitors to receive premiums and gratuities awarded,
they are required (when requested by the committee) to give in-
formation in regard to the culture of their fruit.

PEAES.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which are
recommended for cultivation in Essex County: Bartlett, Belle Luc-
rative, Bosc,Anjou, Angouleme, Daua's Hovey, Lawrence, Louise
Bonne, Onondaga, Paradise d'Automne, Seckle, Sheldon, Urban-
iste. Vicar, Comice, Howell, and Clairgeau, each, premium, S^

Doyenne d'Ete, Gifford and Clapp's Favorite (ripening early),
are recommended for cultivation, but no premium is offered.

For each dish of twelve best specimens of any other varieties,
deemed worthy by the committee, premium, S1.50

For best collection of Pears, recommended for cultivation, pre-
mium, $6

In addition to the above, are placed at the disposal of the com-
mittee, to be awarded in gratuities of not less than SI each,

S20

APPLES.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which are
recommended for cultivation in Essex County, Baldwin, Dan-
vers Sweet. Tompkins King, Granite Beauty, Red Russet, Tolman's
Sweet, Bailey Sweet, Drap d'Or, Hubbardston, Hurlburt, Porter,
Pickman Pippin, Roxbury Russet, Rhode Island Greening, Sweet
Baldwin, Gravenstein, Hunt Russet, Smith's Cider, Snow, premi-
um for each, $3

197

Ked Aslrachaa, William's Favourite, Tetof sky and Sweet Bough
are recommended for cultivation, and no premium is offered (rip-
ening early).

For best twelve specimens of any other varieties deemed worthy
by the committee, premium for each variety, SI. 50

For best collection of Apples, recommended for cultivation, pre-
mium, 16

For best twenty-four specimens of any variety of Crab Apple
deemed worthy by the committee, SI. 50

In addition, are placed at the disposal of the committee, to be
awarded in gratuities of not less than $1 each, $20

PEACHES, GRAPES, AND ASSORTED FRUITS,

For best nine specimens of Freestone, White Flesh, Yellow
Flesh, Essex County Seedling, each variety, $2

For best collection of Peaches, premium, $3

For best four bunches of Concord, Worden's Seedling, Brighton,
Hartford Prolitic, Delaware, Martha, Moore's Early, Niagara
Grapes, each variety, premium, ^3

For Cold House Grapes, produced with not over one month's arti-
ficial heat, premiums, $4, 3

For best collection of ten varieties, not less than ten pounds in
all, premiums, $7

For best specimens of four bunches of Grapes, varieties other
than above, deemed worthy by the committee, premium, SI. 50.

For baskets of Assorted Fruits, premiums, S4, 3

In addition, are placed at the disposal of the committee, to be
awarded in gratuities, of not less than 50 cents each, S25

PLANTS AND FLOWERS.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

1. All Plants and Flowers for competition and exhibition must '
be entered for examination by the Committee on or before eleven
o'clock, on the first day of the Fair, and all such Plants and Flowers
must have been grown by the competitor, except native plants and
flowers, and flowers Used in bouquets, and baskets of flowers and
floral designs, all of which (plants and flowers) must have been
grown within the County.

2. When a certain number or quantity of Plants and Flowers is
designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less
than that number or quantity of specimens shown.

3. When only one premium from each exhibitor is offered for
any article, only a single specimen or collection can conjpete, but
when a second or third premium is offered, one, two or three spec-
imens or collections may be exhibited for competition, but no vari-
ety can be duplicated.

4. No premium shall be awarded unless the specimens exhibited
are of superior excellence, possessing points of superiority and
worthy of such premium, not even if they are the only ones of their
kind on exhibition.

5. No specimen entered for one premium shall be admitted in
competition for another different premium.

6. Competitors will be required to furnish information (if the

198

committee so request), as to their modes of cultivation, or in the
case of Native Plants and Flowers, where such were found.

7. All Plants exhibited for premiums must have the name legi-
bly and correctly written on stiff card, wood or some other perma-
nent and suitable substance, and so attached to same as to be easi-
ly seen. Flowers when specified to be named to comply also with
above rule.

8. Plants in Pots to be entitled to premiums must show skilful
culture in the profusion of bloom and in the beauty, symmetry and
vigor of the specimens; also Bouquets, Baskets, Design work, etc.,
must show taste, skill, and harmony in arrangement, both as to
colors and material they are made of, and purposes for which they
are intended.

9. All flowers exhibited must be shown upon their own stem,
flowers in "Design" work alone excepted; and this exception if
overcome and avoided, to be taken into account by the committee
in awarding the premiums.

10. The Committee are authorized to award gratuities for any
new and rare plants and flowers or "Designs" of merit for which
no premium is offered, but in no case shall the total sum (premi-
ums and gratuities together), exceed the amount .^150.00, limited
by the Society for this department.

11. No member of the Committee for awarding premiums or
gratuities shall in any case vote or decide respecting an award for
which such member may be a competitor, or in which he may have
an interest, but in such case such member shall temporarily vacate
his place upon the Committee, and such vacancy for the time being
may be filled by the remaining members of the Committee, or they
may act without.

12. Attention is again called to above Eules and Regulations-
for Plants and Flowers, and General Rules of the Society, and all
articles not entered in conformity therewith will be disqualified,
and premiums will be awarded only to exhibitors who have com-
plied with said Rules, etc.

PLANTS.

Plants competing for these premiums must have been grown in
pots, Native Plants excepted, etc. See Rules.

For collections Flowering and Ornamental Foliage Plants, at
least 25 specimens, premiums, ~ |;10, 5

For collection Palms, at least 5 specimens. 5 varieties, prem., $1

For collection Ferns (cultivated), at least 5 specimens, !t> varie-
ties, premium, gl

For collection Dracenas, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, ,$i

For collection Crotons, at least 5 specimens, 0 varieties, pre-
mium, II

For collection Fancy Caladiums, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties,
premium. gl

For collection Gloxinias, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, ^1

For collection Begonias, tuberous rooted, at least 5 specimens, 5
varieties, premium. .fl

For collection Begonias, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1

199

For collection Coleus, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Fuschias, 5 specimens, varieties, premium, SI

For collection Cyclamen, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Geraniums, double, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, pre-
mium, SI
For collection Geraniums, single, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, pre-
mium, $1
For collection Geraniums, fancy, 10 specimens, at least 5 varie-
ties, premium, $1
For collection Hibiscus, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, SI
For collection Carnation Pinks, 10 specimens, at least 5 varie-
ties, premium, SI
For collection Calla Lillies, 5 specimens, premium, SI
For specimen English Ivy, premium, SI
For collection of wood of native trees in sections, suitable for
exhibition, showing bark and the grain of the wood, all correctly
named with botanical and common name, at least 50 varieties,
each variety to be shown in two sections, one of which to be a
cross section and neither to be more than four inches in length or
diameter, premiums, S5, 3

FLOWEKS.

For collection of Cut Flowers, cultivated, 100 specimens, at least
50 varieties, named. So, 3

For collection of Cut Flowers, native, 100 specimens, at least 50
varieties, named, S5, 3

For pair of Bouquets, for vases, green-house flowers, prem., S2, 1
For pair ot Hand Bouquets, green-house flowers, prem., S2, 1
For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of native flowers, prem., S2, 1
For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of garden flowers, prem., S2,l
For Basket of green-house flowers, premiums, S2, 1

For Basket of Native Flowers, premiums, $2, 1

For Basket of Garden Flowers, premiums, S2, 1

For arrangement of Native Flowers and Autumn Leaves, pre-
miums, •f'S, 2
For Floral Designs, choice cultivated flowers, premiums, S5, 3
For Floral Designs, native flowers, premiums, $3, 2
For collections japan Lilies, hardy, named, premiums, S3, 2
For collections Phlox, hardy perennial, named, premiums, S2, 1
For collections Pansies, at least 50 specimens, neatly and artis-
tically arranged, premiums, S2, 1
For collecdons of Native and Introduced "Weeds, with common
and botanical name attached, premiums, S3, 2
For twelve Dahlias, large flowering, at least six varieties, named,
premium, SI
For twelve Dahlias, Pompon or Lilliputian, at least six varie-
ties, named, premium, SI
For twelve Dahlias, single, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, SI
For twelve Petunias, double, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, SI
For twelve Gladiolus (spikes), at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, SI
For twelve Japan Lilies, at least six varieties, named, prem., SI

200

For twelve Geraniums, double, at least'six varieties, named, pre-
mium, ^1
For twelve Geraniums, single, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, ^1
For twelve Phlox, hardy perennial, at least six varieties, named,
premium, f^
For twelve Cannas, at least six varieties, named, premium, $1
For twenty-four Carnation Pinks, at least six varieties, named,
premium, SI
For twenty-four Verbenas, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, ^1
For tweuty-four Roses, at least six varieties, named, premium, SI
For twenty-four Garden Annuals, at least twelve varieties,
named, premium, SI
For twelve Calendulas, at least two varieties, named, premium, SI
For twelve Asters, Double Victoria, premium. 81
For twelve Asters, Double, Truffaut's Peony tlowered, prem., 81
For twelve Asters, Pompone, premium, 81
For twelve Phlox, Drummondii, in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Nasturtiums, at least six varieties, premium, SI
For twenty-four Pansies, in variety, premium, $1
For twenty-four Zinnias, double in variety, premium. SI
For twenty-four Marigolds, African, in variety, premium, SI
For twenty-four Marigolds, Dwarf French, in variety, prem., SI
For tweuty-four Petunias, single, in variety, premium, SI
For display of Coxcombs, in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Scabiosas, in variety, premium, il
For twelve Delphiniums, in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Dianthus (double, annual), in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Salpiglossis, in variety, premium, $1
For collection of Sweet Peas, premium, SI

VEGETABLES.

Rules for Fruit apply to Vegetables.

Beets — For best twelve specimens, Eclipse, Dewing, and Ed-
mands, |)remiums, each variety, S3

Carrots — For best twelve, short top, long Orange and Danvers
Intermediate, premium, each variety, 83

For best twelve, Short Horn Orange carrots, S3

Mangold Wurtzels — For best six specimens, premium, 83

Flat turnips — Twelve specimens. For best Purple Top and
White Flat, premium, each variety, S3

Ruta Bagcis — Twelve specimens. For best Yellow and White,
premium, each variety. S3

Parsnips — For the best twelve specimens, premium, S3

Onions— One half peck. For best Danvers, Yellow Flat, and
Red, premium, each variety, S3

Potatoes — One half peck. For best Early Rose, Beauty of Heb-
ron, Clark's No. 1, Pearl of Savoy, Early Maine, premium, each
variety. S3

Cabbages — For best three specimens. Savoy, Fottler's Drumhead,
Stone Mason Drumhead, Red Cabbage, All Seasons, Deep Head,
each variety, premium, S3

For next best, each variety, premium, S2

20I

Cauliflowers— For best three specimens, premium, $3

For next best, premium, $2

Celery — For best four roots, premium, $2

Sweet Corn — For twelve ears ripest and best Early, premium, $S
For best twelve ears in milk. Late, premium, S3

Squashes — For best three specimens, Marrow, American Turban,
Hubbard, Marblehead, Essex Hybrid, Bay State, Sibley, Butman,
each variety, premium, $3

Melons — For best three specimens. Nutmeg, Musk, Cassaba,
Salmon Fiesh, each variety, premium, $2

For best two specimens Watermelons, premium, $2

Tomatoes — For best twelve specimens, Acme, Emery, Cardinal,
Essex Hybrid, Livingstone, or any other variety, each variety, pre-
mium, S3
For exhibition of greatest variety of Tomatoes, premium, S3
Cranberries — For pecks of cultivated, premiums, S3, 2, 1
For collection of vegetables, not less than three of a kind, pre-
miums, S8, 6, 4, 2
Placed at the disposal of the committee for whatever appears
meritorious, S30

i@=No competitor for premium to exhibit more or less number
of specimens of any vegetables than the premiums are offered for.

Collections of Vegetables where premiums are offered for a number of varieties
must be entered aiid placed, not less than three of a kind, by themselves on the
tables assigned for collections. No collection shall receive but one premium.
Specimens of any varieties in such collections are not to compete with specimens
of the same variety placed elsewhere. Exhibitors of such collections however,
are not prevented from exhibiting additional specimens of any variety with and
in competition with like variety. All vegetables must be entered in the name of
the grower of them.

Size of Vegetables. — Turnip Beets to be from 3 to 5 inches in diameter; Onions,
21-2 to 4 inches in largest diameter; Potatoes to be of good size for family use;
Squashes to be pure and well ripened, Turban, Marrow, Hubbard, Marblehead,
each to weigh 8 to 16 lbs.

GEAIN AND SEED.

For best peck of Shelled Corn, Wheat, Oats, Barley, Rye, Buck-
wheat, and Field Beans, each, premium, SI
For 25 ears of Field Corn, premiums, S5, 3, 2
For 2.5 ears of Pop Corn, premiums, $3, 2
For collections of Field and Garden Seeds, premiums, .S8, 6, 4, 2
All grain or seed must have been grown by the exhibitor in thfj
'County to receive a premium.

Domestic Manufactures.

Contributors must deposit their articles at the Hall before 11
o'clock on the first day of the Exhibition. Articles not thus depos-
ited will not be entitled to a premium. Gratuities will be awarded
for articles of special merit for which no premium is offered ; but
no premium or gratuity will be awarded for any article manufac-
tured out of the County, or previous to the last exhibition of the
Society.

202

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

For Wrought Counterpanes having regard to the quality and ex-
pense of the material, premiums, S4, 2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this depart-
ment, the whole amount of gratuities not to exceed S25

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

For carpets, having regard to the quality and expense of the
material, premiums, .$4. 2

For Wrought Hearth Rug, having regard both to the quality of
the work and expense of the materials, premiums, S3, 2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this depart-
ment, the whole amount not to exceed $2&

ARTICLES MANUFA(!TURED FROM LEATHER.

For best pair hand made and machine made Men's Boots,
Women's do., Children's do., each, premium, S2

Best Team, Carriage, and Express Harness, each, premium, $5

$10 are placed at the disposal of this committee, to be awarded
in gratuities.

For the best exhibition of Boots and Shoes, manufactured in the
County, each, premium, Diploma of the Society.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

For display of Bonnets, premiums, S4, 5

For Horn Combs, not less than one dozen, premium, $2

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be

awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, S20

FANCY WORK

Of Domestic Manufacture are not included in the above.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, .S50

WORKS OF ART.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, .$50

WORK BY CHILDREN.

For specimens of work performed by children under 12 years of

age exhibiting industry and ingenuity, premiums, ' $3, 2

At disposal of committee to be awarded in gratuities, $10

203

List of Premiums to be Awarded by the
Trustees in November.

FARMS.

Competitors for this premium must give notice of their inten-
tion to the Secretary on or before June 15th, and the farms entered
for premium will be viewed by the committee twice during the
year. Crops growing on farms that are entered for premium, can-
not be entered with another committee for separate premiums — ex-
cept crop specimens exhibited at the Fair.

Any person desirous of having his farm inspected, without enter-
ing it for premium, may make application to the Secretary, and it
will be viewed and reported upon by the committee.

For the best conducted and most improved farm, taking into
Tiew the entire management and cultivation, including lands,
buildings, fences, orchards, crops, stock, and all other appendages,
with statements in detail, relating thereto, premium, 830

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP LANDS.

For best conducted experiments relating to wet meadow or
swamp lands, on not less than one acre, the course of management,
and the produce, etc., for a period of two years at least, to be de-
tailed, with a statement of all the incidental expenses, pre-
miums, S15, 10
Note.— The Committee is instructed to ascertain liow many, if any, reclaimed
gwamps in this County have been abundoned or have returned to natural grasses.
Persons knowing of such are requested to notify the Secretary or Committee.

IMPROVING PASTURE AND WASTE LANDS.

For best conducted experiments in renovating and improving
pasture land, other than by ploughing, so as to add to their value
for pasturage, with a statement of the same, premiums, .§15, 10

For best conducted experiments renovating and improving waste
lands, so as to add to their agricultural value, with statement of
the same, premiums, f 15, 10

No premium to be awarded to any person for a repetition of an
experiment in meadow, swamp or pasture lands, for which he has
already received a premium.

UNDER-DRAINING LAND.

For best conducted experiments in under-draining land, regard
being had to the variety of soil, sub-soil, and other local circum-
stances, premiums, $15, 10

Note— The same instructions under " Improving Wet Meadow and Swamp
Lands " apply to this Committee.

MANURES.

For most exact and satisfactory experiments, in the preparation
and application of manures, whether animal, vegetable or mineral,
premiums, ^15' 1"

204

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CROPS AS FOOD FOR

CATTLE.

For most satisfactory experiments upon a stock of cattle, not less
than four in number, in ascertaining the relative value of different
kinds of fodder used in feeding stock for milk and other purposes,
with a statement in detail of the quantity and value of the same,
as compared with English hay, premium, S25

FATTENING CATTLE AND SWINE.

For most satisfactory experiments in Fattening Cattle or Swine,
with a statement in detail of the process and result, prem., SIO, 5

GRAIN AND OTHER FRUITS.

Claimants on Grain and Root Crops will be required to state the
size of the piece of land, when they enter, and conform to the fol-
lowing rules: Entries of Grain Crops to be made on or before Sep-
tember 10th; Root Crops on or before October 10; giving ample
time for the crops to be examined by the committee before har-
vesting. Statement to be made in conformity with the following
form, must be forwarded to the Committee previous to November
1st.

All calculations and figures given in reports of, and statements of
Crops are to be made on the basis of an acre, results in all cases, to
be given at the rate per acre.

In pursuance of authority delegated to the Board of Agriculture
by Chap. 24 of Acts, 1862, Agricultural Societies receiving the
bounty of the State are required to make use of the following
form, and be governed by its conditions in the mode of ascertaining
the amount of crops entered for premium.

Essex Agricultural Society. — Statement concerning a crop

of , raised by Mr. , in the town of , ,

1892. . ' '

What was the crop of 1890 ? What manure was used and how
much ? What was the crop of 1891 ? What manure was used and
how much ? What is the nature of the soil ? When, and how
many times ploughed, and how deep ? What other preparation
for the seed ? Cost of ploughing and other preparation ? Amount
of manure, in loads of thirty l)ushels, and how applied ?

Value of manure upon the ground ? How used ? (What amount
of Commercial Fertilizer used ? How used ? Value of same when
applied ?) When and how planted ? The amount and kind of seed?
Cost of seed and planting ? How cultivated and how many times?
Cost of cultivation, including weeding and thinning ? Time and
manner of harvesting ? Cost of harvesting, including the storing
and husking or threshing V Amount of crop, etc. Signed by
Competitor.

The committee, to whom is entrusted the award of the premiums
on field crops, may award them according to their judgment, but
for the purpose of furnishing accurate statistics for the benefit of
agriculture, shall select certain of the crops, and require the
owners thereof to measure the land and weigh the crops accurately,

205

giving to the committee a certificate of the same, and give all pos-
sible information thereon over their own signatures, and return
the same to the Secretary of the Society, to be published in the
annual transactions.

In ascertaining the amount of crop, any vessel maybe used and
the weight of its contents once, multiplied by the number of times
it is filled by the crop.

In measuring the land or weighing crops, any competent person
may be employed, whether a sworn surveyor or not, and must give
certificate.

The certificate shall state the weight of all crops only in a mer-
chantable state.

In ascertaining the amount of a hay crop entered for premium,
the measurement of the hay in the barn may be employed.

EtTLES OF Measure Practiced and Adopted by the State
Board of Agriculture.

Wheat, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Ruta Bagas, Mangold Wurtzels,

60 lbs. to bush.,.
"White Beans and Peas, 62 " "

Corn, Eye, 56 " "

Oats, 32 " "

Barley, Buckwheat, 48 " "

Cracked Corn, Corn and Eye, and other meal,

except Oat, 50 " "

Parsnips, Carrots, 55 " "

Onions, 52 " "

1. For the best conducted experiments of Eye, not less than
twenty bushels to the acre, fifty-six lbs. to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, ,S10, 5

2. For best conducted experiments of Wheat, not less than
thirty bushels to the acre, sixty pounds to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, SIO, 5

3. For best conducted experiments of Oats, not less than fifty
bushels to the acre, thirty-two pounds to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

4. For best conducted experiments of Barley, not less than for-
ty bushels to the acre, forty-eight pounds to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

5. For best conducted experiments of Indian Corn, on not less
than one acre, premiums, .^10, 5

6. For largest quantity and best quality of English Hay, on not
less than one acre, regard being had to the mode and cost of culti-
vation, premiums, .f 10, 5

7. For best yield of Field Beans, on not less than one-half acre,
and not less than twenty-five bushels per acre, premiums, f 10, 5

EOOT CEOPS.

1. For best conducted experiments in raising Carrots, fifty-five
pounds to the bushel, premiums, SIO, 6

2. For best conducted experiments in raising Parsnips, fifty-five
pounds to the bushel, premiums, SIO, 5

2o6

3. For best conducted experiments in raising Ruta Bagas, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, SIO, 5

4. For best conducted experiments in raismg Mangold Wurt-
zels, sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, SIO, 6

0. For best conducted experiments in raising Sugar Beets,
sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, SIO, 5

6. For best conducted experiments in raising Onions, fifty-two
pounds to the bushel, premiums, .iflO, 5

7. For best conducted experiments in raising Potatoes, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, S19, 5

8. For best conducted experiments in raising Cabbages, pre-
miums, $10, 5

9. For best conducted experiments in raising Squashes, pre-
miums, - SIO, 5

10. For best conducted experiments in raising Summer English
Turnips for the market, premiums, SIO, 5

Raised on not less than halt an acre, and the quantity of crop to
be ascertained by weight; so far as practicable the crop to be free
from dirt, without tops, and in a merchantable condition at the
time of measurement.

Claimants for premiums on Grain and Root Crops must forward
statement to chairman of committee before Nov. 1st.

FOREST TREES.

1. For plantation of either of the following species of forest
trees, viz : White Oak, Yellow Oak, Locust, Birch, White Ash,
Maple, Walnut, or White Pine, not less than three years old, and
not less than 1000 trees, premium. $20

2. For plantation of not less than 600 trees, premium, SIO

3. For ornamental trees, ten or more set on any street, road or
farm, and cared for five years, premium, $10

CRANBERRIES.

For best conducted experiment in the cultivation of the Cran-
"berry, at least two summers, on not less than twenty rods of land,
with written statement of the quantity and quality of the land, ex-
pense of planting, weeding and culture, and amount of crojis pro-
duced. Premium to be paid in 1891 or 1892. $15

For best experiment do., on not less than ten rods of land, pre-
mium, $10

For best do., on not less than five rods of land, premium, $5

STRAWBERRIES AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

For best crop of Strawberries, on not less than twenty rods of
laud, expense of planting, culture, crop, etc., stated in writing,
premium, $10

For best 'crop of Currants, Raspberries and Blackberries, with
statement as above, premiums, each, $10

NEW WINTER APPLES.

For a new variety of Winter Apple, originated in this County,
■equal or superior to the Baldwin, premium, $100

207

For ;i new variety of like character originating elsewhere, pro-
vided it has been cultivated in the County sufficiently to prove it
equal or superior to the Baldwin for general purposes, pre-
mium, f20

For a successful experiment in destroying the codling moth and
other worms destructive to the apple, premium, $^25

Note.— Persons who consider themselves competitors will send Post Oflace ad-
dress to Secretary, and others in the County wishing to compete for above must
notify Secretary, and furnish a full statement of their apple, and also scions when
called for under his directions, to be tested by the Society.

SEEDLING POTATOES AND EXPERIMENTS.

For best Seedling Potato, orieinating in Essex County, to equal
in yield, earliness, and quality, the Early Rose, and to surpass it in
one or more of these particulars, premium paid after three years'
trial, ^ ^ f ^25

In testing the value of a Seedling Potato, the committee are in-
•structed to take sworn testimony of the cultivator with regard to
the yield, after having inspected the crop.

For the most satisfactory experiment to extend through five con-
secutive years, to settle the following facts relative to raising po-
tatoes:— premium, SSO

1st. Will whole, medium sized Potatoes, yield better results
than pieces cut to two eyes'?

2nd. What will be the result of continuously planting small-
sized potatoes of the same strain a series of years?

3rd. Difference between hilling and flat cultivation.

4th. Effect, if any, of cutting off seed ends before planting.

5th. Effects of deep and shallow planting.

6th. Raising from sprouts alone from same strain.

7th. Can potatoes having dwarf vines be planted nearer than
<others?

8th. Best distances apart for seed in the drill. .

9th. To show the effect of covering the top with earth at several
times after they had come up.

To be raised on not less than a half acre of land, uniform in
character, and all to receive the same kind and quality of manure
and cultivation, and to be inspected by the committee at the time
of gathering the crops.

ESSAYS AND FARM ACCOUNTS.

The Essays must be transmitted to the Secretary by the 1st of
November, with sealed envelopes containing the names of their
authors, respectively, which shall not be opened by the committee,
nor shall the names be known to the committee until they shall
have decided upon the merits of the Essays.

For original Essays on any subject connected with Agriculture,
in a form worthy of publication, premiums, -If 15, 10, 8

For best statement of Actual Farm Accounts, drawn from the ex-
perience of the claimant, in a form worthv of publication, pre-
mium, " .'$10

For Reports of Committees upon subjects for which premiums

are offered, premiums, " $10, 8, 6

Committee— G. L. Streeter, Salem: N. M. Hawkes, Lynn; D. E. Safford, Hamil-
ton ; J. M. Danforth, Lynnlield.

208

LIBRARY.

Committee— Andrew Nichols, Danvers; Henry Brooks, Salem; B. P. "Ware,
Marblehead; J. M. Danforth, Lynntield.

ENCOURAGING AGRICULTURAL LIBRARIES.

It shall be the duty of the Committee to communicate with such
persons in the several cities and towns in the County, as, in their
judgment, will best encourage the establishment of, or improvement
of, collections of books, pamphlets, reports, essays, newspapers,
etc., relating to agriculture, and request their aid in thus advanc-
idg the cause of agriculture, and co-operate with such persons in
promoting the object herein referred to.

Committee— Francis H. Appleton, Peabody; Henry Wheatland, Salem; James
J. H. Gregory, Marblehead.

NEW MEMBERS.

For the person who obtains the largest number of new members
for the Society from any Town or City before the first day of
November next, premium, $&

Note.— Names of new members, with name of person procuring them, can be
sent as fast as obtained, to the Secretary of the Society, who will make a record
of them.

Persons paying three dollars will receive a " Certificate of Membership" which
is for life. No fines or assessments are ever imposed and members are entitled
to vote in all its transactions, witli the free use of the Library and a copy of the
publication of Society's transactions each year.

Committee— Secretary, John M. Danforth, Lynnfleld.

TREADWELL FARM.

Committee— Benj. P. Ware, Marblehead; C. C. Blunt, Andover; B. P. Pike,
Topstield; G. B. Blodgette, Rowley; George B. Bradley, Methuen; John M. Dan-
forth, Lynntield.

AUDITORS.

Committee— J. Hardy Phippen, Salem; Benj. P. Ware, Marblehead; E. Pope
Barrett, Peabody.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

Francis H. Appleton, James P. King, C. C. Blunt, O. S. Butler, John M. Dan-
forth, Lynntield.

DELEGATES.

From the Essex Agricultural Society to attend Exhibitions of
Societies, Farmers' Clubs and Fruit Growers' Associations in Es-
sex County, and report any information that shall seem valuable
for publication.

The Secretary to be notified of time of holding their exhibition,
who will notify the chairman of Committee to assign Delegate.

COMMITTEES.

All Committees, including committees to judge of Crops, of Ex-
hibits at Fair, and of the Arrangements for the Fair, are chosen by
the Trustees at their June meeting.

CONTENTS.

Address by William H. Moody, Esq 3

Seventy-first Cattle Show and Fair 20

Keport of the Annual Meeting 23

Report on Fat Cattle 26

Report on Bulls 26

Report on Milch Cows 27

Statements 28

Report on Herds of Milch Cows 29

Statements 29

Report on Heifers, Pure Bred 31

Report on Heifers, Native or Grade 33

Report on Working Oxen 33

Report on Steers 34

Report on Stallions, Driving Purposes 34

Report on Brood Mares, Farm Purposes 34

Report on Brood Mares, Driving Purposes 35

Report on Family Horses 35

Report on Gents' Driving Horses 35

Report on Single Farm Horses 36

Report on Pairs of Farm Horses 36

Report on Colts, Farm Purposes 37

Report on Colts, Driving Purposes 37

Report on Swine, Large Breeds .' 38

Report on Swine, Small Breeds 39

Report on Sheep 39

Report on Poultry 40

Report on Ploughing, Double Team 41

Report on Ploughing, Single Team 42

Report on Ploughing with Horses 42

Report on Ploughing with Swivel Plough , 42

Report on Ploughing with 3 Horses 43

Report on Ploughing with Sulky Plough 43

Report on Harrows 43

Report on Agricultural Implements 44

Report on Carriages 45

Report of Sup't of Hall 46

Report on Diary 50

Report on Bread and Canned Fruit 51

Report on Special Premium 54

Report on Honey ...,.,,,,,,,,,,, 54

210

Report on Pears 55

Report on Apples 56

Report on Peaches, Grapes and Assorted Fruit 58

Report on Plants and Floweis 60

Report on Vegetables 62

Report on Grain and Seed 66

Report on Counterpanes and Afghans 67

Report on Carpetings and Rugs 68

Report on Manufactures from Leather 69

Report on Fancy Work 69

Report of Works of Art 72

Report of Children's Work , •. . 76

Report on Manufactures and General Mdse 76

Report of Committee on Granges 77

Report of Committee on Waste Land 81

Statements of Same 81

Report of Committee on Root Crops 83

Statement of John H. George, Crop of Onions 85

Statement of James Manning, Crop of Onions 86

Statement of C. C. Blunt, Crop of Parsnips 87

Statement of Henry A. Hayward, Cabbage Crop 88

Statement ofiDavid Warren 89

Statement of C. Moynihan 90

Report of Committee on Ornamental Trees 90

Report of Committee on Strawberries and other Small Fruit 93

Statementlof George J. Pierce ; 94

Statement of Daniel Stiles 95

Report of Committee^on Grain Crops 96

Statements of Grain Crops 98

Report on Treadwell Farm 103

Report on New Members 103

Report of State Delegate to this Society 104

Farmers' Institutes 108

Report of Committee on Essays 136

Essays and Reports 138

In Memoriam 161

Treasurer's Report 168

Constitution of the Society 169

Officers of the Society 172

New Members 173

Changes of Members 174

Corrections 175

List of Premiums Awarded 176

Recapitulation of Premiums 183

Amount to each City and Town 184

Financial Statement 1891 Fair 185

Duties of Trustees, Committees and Exhibitors 186

Premiums offered for 1892 188

TRANSACTIONS

FOR THE YEAR 1892

OF THE

ESSEX A&RICULTUML SOCIETY

{ORGAniz:ed iSis.)

COUNTY OF ESSEX,

IN JVIASSACJHUSETTS,

AND ITS

SIXTY-NINTH ANNUAL ADDRESS

BY

HON. E. P. DODGE,

OF NE WB UR YPOR T.

With the Premium List for 1893.

PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE SOCIETY.

SALEM, MASS.:

OBSERVER BOOK AND JOB PRINT,
■ 1892.

ANNUAL ADDRESS.

Mr. President and Members of the Essex Agri-
cultural Society : — When I received the invitation of
your Board of Trustees to address you to-day, I found it
somewhat difficult to determine upon what subject I
should speak. Before giving the matter any serious con-
sideration, or even assuming that it was possible for me
to undertake such a service, I had learned that I should
not be confined to subjects specially connected with agri-
culture. Had it been otherwise, I should have unhesi-
tatingly declined to appear before you.

Although I was born and bred on a farm, and until
sixteen years of age was familiar, as all New England
farmers' boys are, or ought to be, with the many duties
of such a position in life, I do not feel now that I am in
any important sense familiar with practical agriculture.
In my youth I saw enough of farming to show me, when
supplemented by my observation in later years, how com-
plicated and difficult a science it is when wisely con-
ducted.

As has been said, all the knowledge we can acquire in
this life will serve only to direct us towards the immeas-
urable wisdom that will still be unexplored, so my little
knowledge of farming has served to impress me with a
lively sense of how much more there is in it that is to me

entirely unknown. I may add, that it has also given me
such a high appreciation of the ability and acquirements
of you successful farmers, that I feel sure it would be
presumptuous in me to attempt to interest you in any
matter which comes within your special field of labor,
. I shall therefore do nothing of that sort, but, instead,
shall briefly ask your attention to some of the important
principles which influence the production and distribu-
tion of wealth, with the purpose of showing, if I can, the
methods by which the material welfare of mankind has
been, and may still further be, promoted.

This is a subject in which T assume we all have a com-
mon interest, whether we are farmers, merchants or manu-
facturers.

I use the word wealth in this connection not to desig-
nate only money or accumulated savings, but I use it to
represent all the different kinds of property in which men
deal, and which are essential to our existence and happi-
ness. Money, which many appear to esteem as the only
thing of substantial value, in itself is not wealth, except in
a limited degree. In the broad sense, wealth is improved
lands, houses, barns and cattle, factories and stores, ships
and railroads, and all the various products of the soil, the
sea, the mines and the factories.

The multiplication and more general possession of these
things have been most important agencies in the civiliza-
tion of mankind, and the better our understanding of the
economic laws which govern their development and use,
the clearer will be our perception of the way in which we
can do most for our own and the common welfare.

In the first place we should appreciate the fact that
each of us is a part of that complex organism we call

5

society ; that our interests are common interests, and the
highest material advantage of the individual is best at-
tainable by means which at the same time promote the
general prosperity.

Men are bound together by conditions that make them
dependent upon each other. Our personal welfare is so
inextricably connected with the welfare of our neighbors,
of our fellow countrymen, that we cannot separate our-
selves from them if we would. We do not feel these
bonds, for we have so grown into and with the society in
which we live, that we are quite unconscious of the de-
tails of its operations.

We know that life has not always been what it now is.
Its conditions have been slowly but constantly changing ;
through "the survival of the fittest" and through many
ages of development the world has been brought to the
high standard of living which we enjoy.

There was a time when individual men were much less
dependent upon their fellow men than now. Their wants
were few and, for the most part, were supplied by their
own hands. They hunted the animal whose flesh they
ate, and from whose skin was made all the clothing they
required. Their shelter was either the natural caves in
the hillside or rude huts of the simplest possible design.
There was no science nor art that we should recognize as
such, and little culture either of the brain or hand. Their
rude training was in the simplest method of obtaining the
barest necessities of existence. Life seems then to have
been a mere animal existence, which to us would be abso-
lutely unendurable.

From that primitive condition how great the change to
the civilization of the present time. The products of

every quarter of the globe will be brought into requisition
to furnish dinner which will be spread before you to-day,
and in the preparation of it will be exhibited results of
the thought and experience of a thousand years.

In the clothing you wear, materials gathered from every
zone have been wrought by skillful hands in many nations,
and fashioned by art that kings could not command in
former times. The abodes of the humblest among us are
models of comfort and convenience, and in every village
private citizens dwell in houses in some respects more
magnificent than the palaces of ancient days.

How marvelous now are the acquirements of the hu-
man brain, and how wonderful the inventions it has
wrought. The steam-engine, the telegraph, the telephone,
the electric motor, but a few years ago the wildest fancy
did not dream that such things were possible. I have
sometimes thought that the stupendous facts which the
telescope reveals are no more impreesive than the amazing
power of the mind that invented the instruments by
which the laws of planetary motion were discovered, and
the vast distances to the fixed stars approximately de-
termined.

The most potent agencies in the development of this
high civilization have been, first, the division of labor in
the production of wealth, by which men have been made
more and more dependent upon one another; and, second,
co-operation in the distribution of wealth, through the
means of exchanges or trade, by which men have been
made more and more to help each other. In the begin-
ning, each individual practiced all the arts that were
known ; now, few are masters of more than a single de-
partment in any of the great callings. Instead of each

one producing all for himself that he requires, most men
produce almost nothing directly for themselves. Each of
us does some one thing for a hundred or a thousand others,
perhaps, and exchanges that product of his labor for the
many things he deems essential to his existence, comfort
and happiness, for, in effect, we simply exchange com-
modities when we sell for money that which we do not
wish to use, and purchase with that money the things we
need.

If I may be permitted to draw an illustration from my
own business, I think I can make clear the truth of my
statement that men do little directly for themselves. I
am a shoe manufacturer, but I do not make the shoes I
wear myself. The specialization in business which com-
petition has brought about has limited me to the pro-
duction of women's shoes only.

Those of you who have long been familiar with the busi-
ness of Essex county will remember the time when George-
town, Danvers and some other towns were extensively
engaged in the manufacture of men's boots and shoes.
They are so no longer, and, with a few unimportant ex-
ceptions, all Essex county shoemakers are limited to the
production of women's goods or those kinds of men's goods
which are practically of the same character as those made
for women. Other counties, notably Plymouth, Norfolk
and Worcester are almost exclusively engaged in the pro-
duction of men's goods, so far as they follow the shoe
business, and these facts illustrate the tendency and the
latest developments in the division of labor.

So, while I make shoes, I do not make my own, but
must buy them from some other manufacturer. In other
words, by the aid of modern business methods I exchange

8

the women's shoes I make for the men's shoes I must
wear. Neither do I supply myself directly with any of
the commodities I must consume. I must go to one class
of men for the food I eat, to another for the clothes I
wear, to another for the house that shelters me ; in fact, I
have looked over the two hundred and sixty-five different
occupations reported in the United States census for
1880, and I believe that at some time in my life I have
been indebted for some service to the followers of every
one of those two hundred and sixty- five different pur-
suits except the corset makers and the undertakers, and,
at least, the last of these will yet serve me, as I trust I
shall be accorded Christian burial.

What is true of myself in this respect is true of all
other men as well. Each one of those more than two
hundred and fifty classes into which the industry of the
country is divided, are as dependent as I am upon all the
others.

But the United States census does not tell the whole
story, for great as is the number of different occupations
reported therein, that number does not by any means re-
present the full extent of the subdivision of labor. Boot
and shoe makers, for example, are classed as a single oc-
cupation. You will find upon investigation, however,
that shoemaking in factories is subdivided into more than
thirty different branches, and each of those thirty is so
different from all the others that a shoe factory operative
is through life practically limited to employment in one
of those thirty or more special kinds of work.

Not that it is difficult for any one person to learn to do
the work required in the different parts into which manu-
facturing is divided, but constant practice in one particu-

lar branch develops such superior rapidity in the perform-
ance of the work, that the efficiency of a given number
of men is very much greater than it formerly was when
one man did all the work on the completed product.

By the operation of economic laws 'the most efficient
labor is the best paid, and is the kind of labor that is
most constantly employed. Eventually it forces its com-
petitors into some other employmant, or compels the
other industries to adopt similar methods. While we may
safely assume that a development on this line has been in
progress from the earliest times, the introduction of mod-
ern machinery has so greatly hastened it that the process
and its effects are more generally recognized now than
ever before.

By division of labor its products have been vastly mul-
tiplied ; fine art has been combined with mechanical pro-
cess, so that cultivated and discriminating tastes may be
gratified, and at the same time economies in methods have
been adopted which have improved the quality as well as
reduced the cost of the completed product. Through the
medium of exchanges all these advantages have been
utilized for the greater benefit of mankind.

Every man who is engaged in productive enterprises
attempts to create or develop some special commodity, not
for his own use, but to sell in order that he may procure
the things he wants. Primeval man supplied his own
necessities, but he very early discovered that persons dif-
fered in their ability to do certain things, and as men
prefer to perform that kind of work for which they have
special aptitude, our first ancestors soon contrived to do
those things individually in which each one excelled.
When the first man who excelled in the production of

lO

some particular thing learned to exchange that thing with
some other man M'ho was able to produce advantageously
some other commodity, then was learned the first great
lesson in practical co-operation.

It is practical, effective and beneficent co-operation
when each man labors in the field in which he can accom-
plish most, and gives of the fruits of his toil, in exchange
for such commodity or service as he may require. All the
agencies of trade, of transportation and of finance exist for
and are devoted to, such a simple purpose as the taking
from you and me what we do not want, and giving us in-
stead the things we need. The more perfect the operation
of this process of exchange, the more rapidly does our
wealth increase, and the more general is the enjoyment of
material prosperity.

ObviousI}^ a great quantity of goods in our possession
will be of little value if we cannot exchange them, or, in
other words, sell them. If I make a great many shoes
there must be a great many people who make no shoes at
all, who will come to me for the supply they must have.
If you raise great crops of grain, there must be a great
number of people somewhere who raise no grain and who
must come to you for so much of your surplus as may be
necessary for their subsistence. The same conditions must
prevail in relation to all the varieties of merchandise in
which men deal.

In this connection we should also take into consideration
the fact that the needs of mankind are never quite satisfied
and are continually increasing. As fast as the means of
supplying our wants are multiplied, new wants appear.
There may always be a demand somewhere for the surplus
commodities we produce, no matter how great the quantity .

II

The great problem we have to solve is, how can we find an
adequate market — how can the wealth we produce be most
generally and economically distributed so that it may bring
to all the greatest possible measure of satisfaction ? The
most important means to this end is the multiplying and
diversifying of the variety of employment in which our peo-
ple may be profitably engaged.

We can better appreciate the importance of a diversity
of industry if we consider what would be our position under
the narrowest limit of variety. If one-half were shoe-
makers and the other half farmers — a condition which can
exist only in theory — the quantity of the products of each
class for which the country would furnish a market would
be extremely limited. If, however, we suppose that one-
third only were farmers, and one-third shoemakers, and one-
third makers of clothing, it is obvious that this simple mul-
tiplication of the variety of industries would double the
market of both the farmers and the shoe manufacturers,
considered as a class. A similar advantage, differing only
in degree, will be gained if all the other pursuits are fol-
lowed which are known to mankind, and which may be ad-
vantageously followed in our country. If the constantly
multiplying and broadening fields of human activity are
■cultivated by our fellow citizens, is it not evident that there
will be a constantly-increasing demand for the products of
the farms and workshops already established ?

Nor is the development of markets for our products the
only advantage to be gained by diversifying our industry.
One of the chief causes of poverty in these and all times is
the fact that men cannot always find employment to which
they may be adapted and where they can work advantage-
ously. The number of productive laborers, as compare(j

12

with the whole population, is suggestively small. Out of a
total population in 1880 of over 50,000,000, the census re-
ports 17,392,000 engaged in gainful avocations, — only
about one person in three being so engaged. Nor does this
enumeration take into account the great loss of time for
lack of steady employment. That system which offers to
the greatest possible number the opportunity to work, is the
system that will do most to promote the general welfare.

That a greater diversity of industry does that, I think, is
susceptible of proof. In 1870, 32.43 per cent, of the people
of this country were engaged in productive employment,
and in 1880, 34.68 per cent, were so engaged, an increase
of more than 2 per cent, in 10 years, during which time the
recent great tendency to a multiplication of industries was
in operation. If there had been no increase in the percent-
age of employed persons during that decade, 1,126,579 of
the 17,392,000 employed ones would have been in idleness
in 1880. The great benefit to the country of the labor of
these 1,000,000 persons can hardly be overestimated.
They added materially to your market and mine as well.

The wealth of the country is the product of its labor,
both mental and physical. Greater opportunity develops
workers, and more workers make more wealth, and the
more wealth there is in the country the greater will be the
material welfare of all of its inhabitants. I believe this to
be strictly true, notwithstanding the assertion so often
made, but never substantiated by proof, that the "rich are
growing richer, and the poor poorer." The rich may be
growing richer, but it is equally true that the poor are also
getting to be much better off.

Inequalities in individual conditions will always exist,
but they are more apparent than real. The great wealth

13

which in recent years has accumulated in a few hands, if
an evil at all, is, I believe, only a temporary evil. The
Vanderbilts, the Goulds, the Rockefellers, are the product
of the sudden and vast increase of riches generally in the
last thirty years. Thirty, fifty or a hundred years are but
a little time in the history of the human race, and under
the free laws which we have and other nations are adopting,
the wealth which fortune has poured so bountifully into a
few hands will be scattered into the hands of the many.
The nation's wealth will ultimately benefit the whole
people.

A study of the processes by which wealth is produced
and distributed must impress us with a sense of how small
is the influence which any individual exerts, and how great
is our dependence upon organized society. The whole fabric
of it is employed in ministering to your wants and to mine.
" No man liveth unto himself alone." In the process of
helping ourselves we help each other, and we cannot avoid
this result if we would. It has been said that the most
enlightened selfishness will dictate the most orderly, virtu-
ous and Christian life. In harmony with that doctrine
may we not say — and this is the special point I would
make — that the wisest and most effective method of secur-
ing the greatest success to our own particular industry
must have, as an essential part of its plan, the promotion
of the prosperity of every other class of workers in the
industrial field.

I have stated what I believe to be the great agent in
increasing wealth, viz., the division of labor, and the im-
portant condition which will make it most generally bene-
ficial by being most generally distributed, which is the
greatest practicable diversification of industry. The econ-

14

omic policy which will best accomplish such a result I leave
you to determine, urging you to deal with the question
solely on the basis of reason and experience. No system
or policy should be approved that cannot be reasonably
shown to be for the benefit of the people at large and within
the limits of our own country at least, where conditions of
life are practically identical. There should be a free field
and no favor.

Trusts and combinations are against the public interest,
because competition is the necessary stimulus to improve-
ment and economy in production, and wealth accumulated
by a monopoly does not as a rule make the nation better
off. It is simply a process of taking the money out of the
pockets of one class of citizens and putting it into the
pockets of another class without rendering a fair equiva-
lent therefor.

Where competition is free among a people, neither profits
of business nor wages of labor will, relatively, in the long
run, be unduly increased or diminished. Profits and wages
must vary in order that the requisite number of persons
may be employed in different industries.

As in tlie physical world floods and droughts at times
alternately threaten destruction, while on the whole the
productiveness of the earth increases, so in the industrial
world, although in every department we have to meet dis-
astrous experiences, we know that the condition of mankind
has through the ages constantly improved.

While we affirm this to be true, we are so constituted
that we can never view the present situation with unalloyed
satisfaction. Unfortunately, reasons always exist which
compel tlie thoughtful man to regard the tendency of his
times with anxiety. We are told that " Every rose must

15

have its thorn," so, for all the gains we make we are
obliged to suffer a loss, which in some cases seems almost
to make the gain of doubtful advantage. The great' in-
crease in the productive capacity of mankind by the divis-
ion of labor has been achieved, I fear, at the expense of
some qualities of character where we can ill afford to lose.
The man who spends his working days, year in and year
out, in the performance of some simple branch of mechani-
cal work may get a comfortable living thereby, but can
hardly get anything of more substantial value, even if his
mental and moral natures are not dwarfed by their en-
forced inaction.

The discipline of the wider practical knowledge and
more persistent efforts which were necessary to gain a live-
lihood in former times, developed a sturdy race. Living
has been made easier, but has not something of indepen-
dence and manliness been sacrificed ? It is certainly an
open question whether the tendency to lessen the labor of
life will result in making life any better.

Von Moltke, that great German — great in the arts of
peace as well as in the art of war — believed war to be es-
sential to the highest welfare of the human race. We do
not like to endorse that opinion, and yet we know that men
develop the greatest capacity and highest character only in
schools of adversity, or "in times which try men's souls."

It is one of the many great advantages of the farmer's
career that, so far, it has suffered least from the industrial
changes I have been speaking of. You deal with affairs in
a broader way than do the artisans, and you occupy a posi-
tion of independence which no other calling can confer.
While your work is hard it ministers to good health, and if
its stimulus to mental activity moves you as it ought, it will

i6

develop in you wisdom and strength of character which
constitute the triumphs of life.

So while you may profit by adopting the methods by
which the wealth of the world has been so greatly aug-
mented, and devote your energies more to the develop-
ment of some specialty in agriculture, do not lightly esteem
the advantages of the old order of things, for when life was
a severer struggle it surely possessed dignity and power,
nor was it devoid of gladness.

You may well rejoice that you can still to so great a de-
gree respond to the old farmer's song, with which I will
close : —

" Let the wealthy rejoice,

Roll in splendor and state,
I envy them not, 1 declare it.

I eat my own lamb,

My chickens and ham,
I shear my own fleece and I wear it.

I have lawns, I have bowers,

I have fruit, I have flowers,
The lark is my morning alarmer;

So jolly boys, now,

Here's God-speed to the plough,
Long life and success to the farmer."

SEVENTY-SECOND

Annual Cattle Show and Fair.

The Cattle Show and Fair of this society opened Tues-
day, Sept. 27th, 1892 at Lawrence, it being the second
year in that city. As last year the citizens took an active
interest to make the Fair a success, the weather being all
that could be desired.

The entries of live stock were largely in excess of last
year, and would compare favorably as to quality with
former years, although many of them were late in arriving.

In the ploughing match there were a larger number of
entries than usual, there being six entries of sulky ploughs,
which are undoubtedly coming to the front with the rest of
our modern farm implements. There seemed to be an un-
usual interest taken in this department, and the work per-
formed was excellent.

In the exhibition hall the entries were below that of
some previous years, and the quality was not in all cases
what it should have been for Essex County.

The Grange exhibit rather excelled that of one year
ago, being a very handsome feature of the Fair, so artisti-
cally arranged with fruit, flowers and vegetables that it
was a fine show of itself.

On Wednesday, Sept 28, the annual address was deliv-
ered by Hon. E. P. Dodge of Newburyport, before a large
audience in the Lawrence Street Church, the subject being
a broad one, namely : "The Important Principles which
influence the Production and Distribution of Wealth, with.

i8

the Purpose of showing tlie Methods by which the Ma-
terial Welfare of Mankind has been and may still be
promoted," which was listened to with the closest atten-
tion.

The Scripture reading and prayer by the Rev. Mr. Wol-
cott, pastor of the church, were very appropriate for the oc-
casion, as was also the excellent singing by the quartette.

After the conclusion of the services at the church, the
annual dinner was served in Pilgrim Hall, after which
President Appleton called the assemblage to order and
made introductor}' remarks, after which he introduced
Mayor Doe of Lawrence who made some very pleas-
ant remarks regarding the Society and the work it is en-
gaged in, followed by Hon. Moses T. Stevens, Henry Cabot
Lodge, Hon. W. H. Knox and others, all of whom con-
tributed a good deal of spice and mirth for the occasion.

The entries in the several departments of the Fair for
1892 and 1891 are tabulated for comparison as follows :

STOCK, IMPLEMENTS, ETC., ON FREE SHOW

GROUNDS.

Class.

From
Entries Different
in 1892. Places
in 1892.

From
Entries Different
in 1891. Places

in 1891.

Fat Cattle,

8

4

6 3

Bulls,

15

7

9 4

Milch Cows,

14

3

12 2

Herds of Milch Cows,

3

3

3 2

Heifers, Pure Bred,

25

7

23 4

Heifers, Native or Grade,

30

7

17 5

Heifer Calves, Pure Bred,

3

2

3 2

Heifer Calves, Native or Grade,

2

2

10 3

Working Oxen and Steers,

7

4

12 4

Steers,

3

3

4 3

Stallions, Farm and Draft,

1

1

0 0

Town Teams,

1

1

0 0

Stallions for Driving Purposes,

7

5

13 8

Brood Mares, Farm and Draft,

4

3

4 3

Brood Mares, Driving Purposes,

7

5

13 8

19

Class.

Entries
in 1892.

From
Different
Places
in 1892.

Entries
in 1891.

From
Different
Places
in 1891.

Family Horses,

9

7

13

10

Gent's Driving Horses,

7

5

6

4

Farm Horses,

9

6

6

4

Pairs of Farm Horses over

2500

lbs.,

11

7

2

2

Pairs of Farm Horses less

than

2500 lbs.,

7

7

5

4

Colts, Farm and Draft,

12

8

6

5

Colts, Driving Purposes,

16

9

30

10

Swine, Large Breeds,

28

8

12

6

Swine, Small Breeds,

■ 2

1

2

2

Sheep,

6

2

3

2

Poultry,

131

13

31

9

Harrows for Trial,

1

1

3

2

Agricultural Implements,

21

7

13

5

Carriages,

15

5

3

2

Ploughing,

19

10

15

9

Total on Free Show Grounds, 428 25

268

20

EXHIBITS IN HALL.

Class.

Dairy,

Bread and Canned Fruit,

Honey,

Pears,

Apples,

Peaches, Grapes and Assorted

Fruit,
Plants,
Flowers,
Vegetables,
Grain and Seed,
Counterpanes and Afghans,

From
Entries Different
in 1892. Places
in 1892.

From
Entries Different
in 1891. Places
in 1891.

10

5

3 3

46

14

50 14

0

0

2 2

144

17

192 16

197
1

17

215 16

L

91

12

83 12

4

1

0 0

92

14

70 13

308

17

369 19

25

10

23 9

59

7

70 7-

20

Class.

Carpetings and Rugs,

Articles Manufactured
Leather,

Manufactures and General Mdse.,36

Fancy Work,

Work of Art,

Work of Children under 12 years

of age, 24 5 9 3

Special Premium by H. M. Whit-
ney, 21 7 91 13

Grange Exhibit, 4 4 5 5

Entries
in 1892.

From

Different

Places

in 1892.

Entries
in 1891.

From

Different

Places

in 1891.

30

7

40

8

m
9

4

4

2

}.,36

7

28

5

156

11

188

12

94

6

99

7

Total in Hall. 1350 27 1541 31

Grand total, 1778 entries from 27 out of 35 towns and
cities in Essex County against 1809 entries from 31 cities
and towns last year. Bradford, Essex, Hamilton, Ipswich,
Manchester, Nahant, Salisbury and Wenham did not have
exhibits this year. The entries were Amesbury, 35 ; An-
dover, 126; Beverly, 8; Boxford, 108; Danvers, 24;
Georgetown, 14 ; Gloucester, 3 ; Groveland, 23 ; Haverhill,
43 ; Lawrence, 507 ; Lynn, 57 ; Lynnfield, 5 ; Marblehead,
21 ; Methuen, 214 ; Merrimac, 4 ; Middleton, 18 ; Newbury-
port, 36 ; Newbury, 110 ; North Andover, 290 ; Peabody,
49; Rockport, 1; Rowley, 11 ; Salem, 13 ; Saugus, 10 ;
Swampscott, 3 ; Topsfield, 8 ; West Newbury, 37.

REPORT OF THE ANNUAL MEETING.

The annual meeting of the Society was held Tuesday,
Sept. 27, at 10 o'clock, A. M., President Appleton presid-
ing.

William S. Phillips, jr. was appointed secretary pro
tem.

The marshals with Col. Melvin Beal of Lawrence as
chief, were duly qualified.

21

Vacancies in committees were filled.
At 11 o'clock the election of officers for the ensuing. year
took place with the following result :
Whole number of ballots cast, 81.
For president, Francis H. Appleton had 81.

FOR VICE-PRESIDENTS.

James J. H. Gregory of Marblehead, had 80 ; Horatio G.
Herrick of Lawrence, had 80 ; James P. King of Peabody,
had 79 ; Oliver S. Butler of Georgetown, had 78.

FOR SECRETARY.

John M, Danforth of Lynnfield had 80 and was elected.

Voted, That the trustees of the Society be requested to
consider the expediency of making different arrangements
for the annual meeting of the Society, that we may have
more time for the transaction of business.

Voted, To adjourn this meeting to the hall where the
annual dinner is to be served, Wednesday, the 28th, subjec
to the call of the president.

Wednesday, Sept. 28, after the annual dinner. President
Appleton called the assemblage to order, and after a few
introductory remarks introduced Mayor Doe of Lawrence,
Hon. Moses T. Stevens of North Andover, Henry Cabot
Lodge, Hon. William S. Knox, Hon. C. S. Mills, delegate
from the state board, and others, all of whom made excel-
lent remarks suitable to the occasion.

Voted, That the Society tender a vote of thanks to the
Mayor and City Government of Lawrence, for the generous
hospitality shown the Society, also to the citizens and all
others who have aided to make the Fair a success.

Report of Committees.
189S.

FAT CATTLE.

The Committee on Fat Cattle have attended to their
duty and respectfully report , to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$8. First premium, to Shattuck Brothers, Lawrence, for

fat oxen.
$Q. Second premium, to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for fat

oxen.
$7. First premium, to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for best

fat ox.
i5. Second premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

'fat cow.
Charles H. Leach, E. A. Dane , James Noyes — Commit-
tee.

BULLS.
The Committee on Bulls have attended to their duty

and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have

made the following awards .-

Diploma and $10. First premium, to J. D. W. French,
No. Andover, for his Ayrshire bull, " Ravenwood."

|4. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for
his Ayrshire bull, "Rosewood."

$2. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for
Ayrshire bull calf.

$8. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for his 2-year-
old Holstein bull.

23

$2. First premium, to Plato Earaes, Andover,^for his Hol-

stein bull, under 1 year.
$2. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Holstein bull calf.
14. First premium, to S. S. Lewis, Lawrence, for yearling

Jersey bull.
82. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Jersey

bull calf.
$8. First premium, to F. H. Foster, North Andover, for

Guernsey bull, "Theseus of Avon."
John Swinerton, Edward Kent, S. W. Weston — Commit-
tee.

MILCH COWS.

The committee on Milch Cows have attended to their
duty and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
115. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for the best cow of any age or breed, to his Ayr-
shire cow, '"Nellie Day."
$10. First premium, to J. D. W, French, No. Andover,

for best Ayrshire cow, to "Roxanna 8th."
$10. First premium, to J. Francis Gulliver, Andover, for

his Jersey cow, "Young Petites Mere."
$10. First premium, to J. Francis Gulliver, Andover, for

his Jersey cow, "Sadie de Bonair," for cow making

most butter in one week.
$10. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

his Holstein cow, "Lady Betts 2nd."
$10. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Grade Holstein cow, "Bessie."
$4. Second premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover,

for Grade Holstein cow, "Maude."
George L. Averill, Sherman Nelson, Charles Haseltine
— Committee.

24

STATEMENT OF J. D. W. FRENCH.

"Nellie Day" gave in the year 1888—299 days in milk, 5988 lbs.
" «• " '« " '' 1889—273 " '• " 6391 lbs.

• ' " <' " " " 1890—267 " " " 5949 lbs.

u a « u a u 1891—333 " " " 7788 lbs.

Total, 26116 lbs.

Average for 4 years, 6529 lbs. per year.

Feed — Summer pasturage — green fodder or grain, 2 to 4
qts. per day. Winter hay— 8 qts., 8 qts. mangolds, 4 qts.
bran, and 2 Linseed Oil meal.

Roxanna 8th, dropped Dec. 13th, 1884, Dam Roxanna,
Sire 1816, Sire Rabens, 2696.

Yield in 1891—328 days, 7170 lbs. milk.

STATEMENT OF J. F, GULLIVER.

"Sadie de Bonair," born Feb. 13, 1888. Last calf June,
1892. Has milked in one day this summer 39 lbs., and in
seven days made 12 lbs. 5 oz. butter; during that week her
feed was pasture, and cut grass in stable with 2 quarts each
corn meal, ground oats and bran, pint cotton seed meal,
daily.

To Committee on Milch Cows : I enter for your consid-
eration the Holstein-Fresian cow "Lady Betz, 2d, 9 years
old, dropped last calf Sept. 22d, was dry about three
weeks. Gave the first 10 days in January 1892, 350 lbs.
milk, and first ten days in June she gave 255 lbs. milk.

Feed in winter, 12 qts. grain (3 parts bran, 2 parts cob
meal and cotton seed meal), dry fodder, consisting of 1
part English hay, 1 part oat fodder, 1 part corn fodder,
watered twice a day. Summer feed, 4 qts. bran, 2 qts.
meal (corn).

Grade Holstein and Durham.

The grade cow "Maud" is 9 years old, dropped last calf
Mar. 15th, is due March, '93. For the first ten days in
June she gave 46 lbs. milk per day, and the last ten days in
August she gave 34 lbs. milk a day.

25

Holstein and Ayrshire.

The grade "Bessie" is 5 years old, calved May 31st,
1892, is due in April, 1893 ; gave 478 lbs. milk in ten days
in June (June 19th to 20th) ; first ten days in September,
360 lbs. milk ; feed pasture, 2 qts. corn meal, 4 qts. bran ;
after August Ist, 3 qts. meal, 6 qts. bran, oat or corn fod-
der nights.

Respectfully submitted,

James C. Poor.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Herds of Milch Cows have attended

to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that

they have made the following awards :

$18. First premium, to Leverett Swan, Methuen, for 5
Grade Ayrshires.

$12. Second premium, to J. D.W.French, No. Andover,
for 5 Ayrshire Cows.

Diploma and flS. First premium, to Charles J. Pea-
body, Topsfield, for greatest product of milk on
any farm in one year, according to the number of
cows.

STATEMENT OF LEVERETT SWAN.

I enter a herd of 5 grade Ayrshire cows giving 17,717
qts. of milk from Sept. 1, 1891 to Sept. 1, 1892, as follows :
" Lizzie," aged 9 years, calved July 3, 1892, gave in
Sept. 397 qts. Jan. 341 qts. May 195 qts.

Oct. 405 " Feb. 309 " July 496 "

Nov. 391 " Mar. 321 " Aug. 489 "

Dec. 363 " April 306 "

"Fairmaid," aged 8 yrs., calved Aug. 14, 1892, and gave in

Sept. 485 qts. Jan. 349 qts. May 256 qts.

Oct. 455 " Feb. 314 " June 223 "

Nov. 395 " Mar. 293 " July 106 "

Dec. 371 " Apr. 285 " Aug. 251 "

26

" Julia," aged 7 years, calved July 12, 1892, and gave in
Sept. 341 qts. Jan. 252 qts. May 216 qts.

Oct. 325 " Feb. 210 " June 72 "

Nov. 322 « Mar. 235 " July 214 "

Dec. 298 " Apr. 227 " Aug. 435 "

" Creeper," aged 7 years, calved Aug. 7, 1892, and gave in
Sept. 367 qts. Jan. 245 qts. May 235 qts.

Oct. 332 " Feb. 226 " June 246 "

Nov. 319 " Mar. 231 " July 28 "

Dec. 278 " Apr. 216 " Aug. 280 »

" Orphan," aged 7 years, calved Aug. 25, 1891, and gave in
Sept. 447 qts. Jan. 353 qts. May 271 qts.

Oct. 409 " Feb. 299 " June 247 "

Nov. 397 " Mar. 336 " July 197 "

Dec. 361 " Apr. 305 " Aug. 132 "

I bred and raised all but '• Lizzie," and her I bought and
raised but did not breed.

I feed brewery grains and 2 quarts of corn or gluten
meal daily except May, June, July and August, and then
I feed no meal. They also have green corn, fall feed and
pasturage.

J. D. w. French's statement.
I enter for a premium a herd of 5 Ayrshire cows, viz :
" Nellie Day," No. 6,745, A. R., 10 yrs. old ; yield from
Sept.l, 1891 to Sept. 1, 1892, 7711 lbs. milk.

"Roxanna 8th," No. 8536, A. R., 7 yrs. old; yield from
Sept. 1, 1891 to Sept. 1, 1892, 6419 lbs. milk.

" Maid Douglass," No, 11,529, A. R., 7 yrs. old ; yield
from Sept. 1, 1891 to Sept. 1, 1892, 6065 lbs. milk.

"Julia Max," No. 10,160, A. R., 7 yrs. old; yield from
Sept. 1, 1891 to Sept. 1, 1892, 6061 lbs. milk.

" Princess Rose," No. 10,163, A. R., 4 yrs. old ; yield
from Sept. 1, 1891 to Sept. 1, 1892, 5532 lbs. milk.
Total yield, 31,788 lbs.

STATEMENT OF CHAKLES J. PEABODY.

I enter for premium my herd of 12 cows, and averaging

27

10 in milk for Uie time covered by this statement, which
is from Jan. 1, 1892 to Sept. 1, 1892; five of my cows I
raised ; all the herd are grade stock, mostly Jersey and
Ayrshire, crossed with natives ; six of the cows have calved
since January, two were farrow, one dropped her first calf
June 25th; the others came in last fall ; but one exchange
has been made ; a fat cow was exchanged for a new milch
one in March. I feed two parts meadow and salt hay to
one part of English, to the amount of 20 to 25 lbs. per day,
with from 4 to 7 quarts of shorts and meal to those in
^ milk. After May 20 the hay and grain were left off, and
pasture only was given until August 1st, since which time
small potatoes and corn fodder have been fed.

The product of milk has been 1(5,636 quarts of milk, of
which 14,196 quarts was sold, 1440 quarts used and 1000
quarts estimated fed to calves.

The value of milk sold, used and fed is $524.68.

The average value to each cow is tf52.46.

The cost of keeping is estimated as follows :
• Hay, 1210. Grain, -180. Pasture, $10.. Corn fodder and
potatoes, -SIS. Total cost, !|375. Profit, 'i:'149. 68.
Respectlully submitted,

Charles J. Peabody.

HEIFERS— PURE BRED.

The Committee on Heifers, Pure Bred, have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
^9. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for

his Ayrshire heifer in milk " Fedalma 3rd," 3 yrs.

old.
15. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for Ayrshire heifer " Anoraon," 1 year old.
$4. Second premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for Ayrshire heifer in milk " Fillippa -±th," aged 2

years.

28

i5. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Holstein

heifer, 1 year old.
.f5. First premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury, for

Ayrshire heifer, " Fedalma 4th," 2 years old.
$5. First premium, to J. Francis Gulliver, Andover, for

Jersey heifer, 2 years old.
f 6. Second premium, to J. Francis Gulliver, Andover,

for Jersey heifer in milk.
$5. First premium, to S. S. Lewis, Lawrence, for Holstein

heifer, 3 years old.
$5. First premium, to S. D. Weston, Middleton, for Jer-
sey heifer, 7 months old.
$5. First premium, to James C. Poor, ' No. Andover, for

Holstein heifer " Berth Lincoln," 11 months old.
Henry A. Hayward, A. W. Feabody, E. G. Nason —
— Committee.

HEIFERS— NATIVE OR GRADE.

The Committee on Heifers, Native or Grade, have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$5. First premium, to Plato Fames, Andover, for grade

Holstein heifer, 10 months old.
$5. First premium, to W. S. Hughes, No. Andover, for

grade Jersey heifer,' 2 years old.
$9. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

grade Holstein heifer in milk " Belle C," 2 years

old.
f|4. Second premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for grade Guernsey and'' Ayrshire " Topsy," 2

years old.
$4. Second premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for grade Guernsey and Ayrshire " Brownie," 7

months old.
$4. Second premium, to Daniel A. Carlton, No. Andover,

for grade Holstein heifer, 1 year old.

29

). First premium, to George Ripley, Andover, for grade
Jersey heifer, 1 year old.

I. Second premium, to George L. Burnham, No. An-
dover, for grade Holstein in milk, 3 years old.

Charles J. Peabody, Walter H. Hayes, Samuel T. Poor

- Committee.

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.
The Committee on Working Oxen and Steers, have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
il2. First premium, to B. H. Farnham, No. Andover, for

working oxen.
|10. Second premium, to Daniel A. Carlton, No. Andover,
for working oxen.
18. Third premium, to Wm. P. Christopher, Middlcton,
for working oxen.
ilO. First premium, to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for work-
ing steers.
C. K. Ordway, N. S. Harris, D. G. Chapman— Com wiY-
tee.

STEERS.

The Committee on Steers have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
$5. First premium to Daniel Ingalls, No. Andover, for

pair of twin yearling steers.
$6. Second premium to Wm. P. Christopher, Middle-
ton, for pair of 8 year old steers.
$4. First premium to Benj. W. Farnham, No. Ando-
ver, for pair of steer calves, 2 mos. old.
James J. Abbott, Abel Stickney, D. D. Adams, R.
Jaques — Committee.

TOWN TEAMS.

The Committee on Town Teams have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following award :

$20. First premium, to North Andover Town Team, 13
pairs of horses.

T. P. Harriman, Frank W. Lyford, Richard Newell
— Committee.

STALLIONS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

The Committee on Stallions for driving purposes have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$15. and diploma to Joseph Stowell, Lawrence, for bay

stallion "Creditor" with five colts of his stock.
$10. First premium, to Edward J. Castle, Lawrence, for
bay Morgan stallion, "Levi,'' 4 years old.
$8. First premium, to Mrs. J. J. Downing, Andover,

for black Bambletonian stallion, 3 years old.
$6. Second premium, to W. S. Messerve, Haverhill, for

seal brown stallion, "Little Phil."
$5. Second premium, to Rufus Goodwin, Haverhill, for

black stallion, "Owessa," 3 years old.
•14. Third premium, to A. J. Connor, Lawrence, for

Fearnaught stallion, "Ned C." 13 years old.
W. F. Kinsman, W. A. Keleher, John Flye — Committee.

BROOD MARES— FARM AND DRAFT PURPOSES.
The Committee on Brood Mares for farm and draft
purposes have attended to their duty, and respectfully
report to the Secretary that they have made the fol-
lowing awards :

$10. First premium, to Leverett Swan, Methuen, for
chestnut mare, "Gypsey," weight 1200 lbs.

$6. Second premium, to John H. George, Methuen,

for chestnut mare, "Nell,'' weight 1250 lbs.
'$4. Third premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for
bay mare.
Henry H. Demsey, Thomas Sanders, Edw. Harrington
Joseph H. Blunt — Committee.

BROOD MARES— DRIVING PURPOSES.

The Committee on Brood Mares for driving purposes
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to
the Secretary that they have made the followiog awards:
$10. First premium, to J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, for

brood mare.
$6. Second premium, to George B. Parkhurst, Box-
ford, for bay mare.
■14. Third premium, to Arthur H. Messerve, No. Ando-
ver, for brown Morgan mare.
O. S. Butler, M. B. Chesley, Story D. Pool— (7om-
mittee.

FAMILY HORSES.

The Committee on Family Horses have attended to

their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that

they have made the following awards :

$10. First premium, to M. C. Andrews, Andover, for

brown mare, "Princess.''

$6. Second premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury,

for mare, "Nellie.''
'$1. Third premium, to J. M. Smith, Lawrence, for
brown Morgan mare, "Jessie."
O. S. Butler— /or the Committee.

GENTS' DRIVING HORSES.
The Committee on Gentlemen's Driving Horses have

attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to E. L. Barnes, Methuen, for
chestnut mare.
$6. Second premium, to Isaac C. Brown, Methuen, for

driving horse.
$4.. Third premium, to George L. Burnham, No. Ando-
ver, for driving horse.
O. S. Butler ^or the Committee.

SINGLE FARM HORSES.

The Committee on Single Farm Horses have attended

to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary

that they have made the following awards ^

|10. First premium, to Michael Dwyer, Methuen, for

Percheron mare, weight 1350 lbs.

$6. Second premium, to John H. Perkins, Lynnfield,

for bay mare, weight 1250 lbs.

$4. Third premium, to M. H. Poor, West Newbury,

for farm horse, weight 1300 lbs.

f 10. First premium, to J. D. W. French, North Ando-

ver, for mare, "Kitty,'' weight 1100 lbs.

$6. Second premium, to Fred Symonds, North Ando-

ver, for horse, weight, 975 lbs.
$4. Third premium, to Richard Newell, West New-
bury, for brown mare, weight 1100 lbs.
Nathan F. Abbott, David Warren, O. L. Carlton, E. S.
Keyes, E. A. Emerson — Committee.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES WEIGHING OVER

2500 LBS.
The Committee on Pairs of Farm Horses weighing
over 2500 lbs. have attended to their duty, and respect-
fully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :

33

ilO. First premium, to George E. Kline, Lawrence, for
pair of horses, weighing 2525 lbs.
$8. Second premium, to Carlton Little, Newbury, for
pair of horses, weighing 2525 lbs.
E. P. Barrett, John Barker, B. F. Barnes — Committee.

FAIRS OF FARM HORSES WEIGHING LESS
THAN 2500 LBS.
The Committee on Pairs of Farm Horses weighing less
than 2500 lbs. have attended to their duty, and respect-
fully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :

flO. First premium, to Mrs. J. J. Downing, Andover,
for pair of horses, weighing 2100 lbs.
$8, Second premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover,
for pair of horses, weighing 2400 lbs.
H. K. Webster, S. D. Hood— /or the Committee.

COLTS FOR FARM AND DRAFT PURPOSES.

The Committee on Colts for Farm and Draft purposes

have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to

the Secretary that they have made the following awards :

$6. First premium, to John H. George, Methuen, for

yearling colt.
f 8. First premium, to John Barker, No. Andover, for

2 year old.
i8. First premium, to R. T. Jaques jr., Newbury.
$5. Second premium, to M. H. Connor, West New-
bury.
$D. Second premium, to Woodburj^ Smith, Rowley.
i3. Second premium, to P. Averill, Lawrence.
i3. Third premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill.
Richard Newell, John W. Lovett, D. D. Adams — Com-
mittee.

34

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES, THREE AND
FOUR YEARS OLD.
The Committee on Colts for Driving purposes, three
and four years old, have attended to their duty, and re-
spectfully report to the Secretary that they have made
the following awards :
$8, First premium, to Alfred Thorp, Methuen, for four

year old colt.
$5. Second premium, to M. H. Conner, West Newbury,

for four year old colt.
$6. First premium, to John H. Perkins, Lynnfield^

for three year old colt.
$3. Second premium, to J. G. McAllister, Lawrence,
for three year old bay colt.
J. H. Nason, D. Bradstreet — for the Committee.

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES ONE AND TWO
YEARS OLD.
The Committee on Colts for driving purposes one and
two years old have attended to their duty, and respect-
fully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :
18. First premium, to Woodbury Smith, Rowley, for

mare colt, 2 years old.
i5. Second premium, to Chas. W. Mann, Methuen, for

two year old colt.
$5. First premium, to G. H. Hanscom, Haverhill, for

colt, 16 months old.
$3. Second premium, to J. H. Nason, Boxford, for bay
yearling colt.
James C. Poor, J. W. Chadwick, Walter F. Gould,
Albert Berry, John W. Allen — Committee.

SWINE— LARGE BREEDS.
The Committee on Swine, large breeds, have attended to

35

their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :

$8. First premium, to Alfred G. Playdon, Andover, for
Chester white sow and pigs.

$8. First premium, to J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, for
Chester white boar.

$8. First premium, to M. B, Chesley, Amesbury, for
Cheshire breeding sow.

$5. Second premium, to M. B. Chesley, Amesbury, for
Cheshire boar.

$8. First premium, to M. B. Chesley, Amesbury, for 8
weaned pigs.

$8. First premium, to Milo H. Gould, Andover, for
Cheshire boar.

$8. First premium, to Richard Newell, West Newbury,
for 9 weaned Cheshire pigs.

$8. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for York-
shire sow and 7 pigs.

$2. Second premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for York-
shire sow and 10 pigs.

$5. Second premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Ches-
ter white boar.

$5. Second premium, to Isaac C. Brown, Methuen, for
10 Chester weaned pigs.

$5. Second premium, to Isaac C Brown, Methuen, for
Yorkshire boar.
J. S. Crosby, E. G. Nason, G. W. Sargent, J. H. Chand-
ler— Committee.

SWINE— SMALL BREEDS.
The Committee on Swine, small breeds, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$8. * First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,
for small Yorkshire boar, '' Boxford," Reg. No»
739.

36

|8. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,
for small Yorkshire sow and pigs, " Katie Belle,"
Reg. No. 1327.
F. H. Appleton, Aaron Sawyer, Charles H. Preston
— Committee.

SHEEP.

The Committee on Sheep have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards:
$10. First premium, to Richard Newell, West Newbury,

for 10 grade South-down ewes.
18. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for best buck.
$6. Second premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,
for 10 grade Shropshire ewes.
N. W. Moody, M. H. Connor, Chas. S. Bartlett— Com-
miitee.

POULTRY.

The Committee on Poultry have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
f 2. First premium, to P. Hoogerziel, Beverly, for Pekin

bantam fowls.
fl. Second premium, to P. Hoogerziel, Beverly, for Pekin

bantam chicks.
|2. First premium, to Lewis C. Wentworth, No. Andover,

for trio of Pitt game fowls.
$2. First premium, to B. S. Smith, jr., Andover, for trio

bantam chicks.
|2. First premium, to B. S. Smith, jr., Andover, for pair

Polish chicks.
$2. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for pair

Guinea chicks.

37

11. Second premium, to M. W. Kitchen, Lawrence, for

pair of Pitt game fowls.
|2. First premium, to M. W. Kitchen, Lawrence, for pair
of red Pitt muff fowls.

12. First premium, to Leander F. Brown, West Newbury,

for coop of S. L. Wyandotte fowls.
$2. First premium, to Leander F. Brown, West New-
bury, for coop of S. L. Wyandotte chicks.
Diploma, to Frank E. Dresser, Lawrence, for Partridge

Cochin fowls.
$2. First premium, to Frank E. Dresser, Lawrence, for

Partridge Cochin chicks.
$2. First premium, to Frank E. Dresser, Lawrence, for

dark Brahma fowls.
$1. Second premium, to John L. Noyes, Andover, for

Pekin ducklings.
$1. Second premium, to A. M. Whittier, No. Andover,

for bantam hen, 4 chicks.
$2. First premium, to J. E. Leaver, Methuen, for dark

Brahma s.
$1. Second premium, to Nathan Foster, Andover, for

Brahma fowls.
$2. First premium, to R. B. Smith, No. Andover, for

White Leghorns.
•fl. Second premium, to R. B. Smith, No. Andover, for

White Leghorn chicks.
12. First premium, to R. B. Smith, No. Andover, for

White Plymouth Rocks.
$1. Second premium, to R. B. Smith, No. Andover, for

Dark Brahmas.
$2. First premium, to R. B. Smith, No. Andover, for In-
dian game fowls.
|2. First premium, to R. B. Smith, No. Andover, for

Pekin ducks.
$1. Second premium, to R. B. Smith, No. Andover, for

Pekin ducks.
$2. First premium, to S. J. Baker, Methuen, for Blue

Andalusian chicks.

38

$2. First premium, to John Turner, Methuen, for Black

Spanish fowls.
$i. Second premium, to John Turner, Methuen, tor

Black Spanish chicks.
$2. First premium, to Isaac M. Laney, Methuen, for

Barred Plymouth Rocks.
f 2. First premium, to Frank W. Webster, Methuen, for

Barred Plymouth Rocks.
^2. First premium, to Frank W. Webster, Methuen, for

Buff Cochin chicks.
f 2 and Diploma, to Frank W. Webster, Methuen, for pen

and pair of Buff Leghorns.
fl. Gratuity, to Frank W. Webster, Methuen, for

pigeons.
$1. Second premium, to H. D. Jenkins, Andover, for pen

White Leghorn chicks.
$2. First premium, J. 0. Connor, West Newbury, for

Brown Leghorn Rose Combs.
'fl. Second premium, to Ernest L. Holt, Lawrence, for

Partridge Cochin fowls.
fl. Second premium, to Ernest L, Holt, Lawrence, for

Partridge Cochin chicks.
^2. First premium, to Ernest L. Holt, Lawrence, for

White Pekin ducklings.
$2. First premium, to John E. Davis, Methuen, for

Barred Plymouth rocks.
$2. First premium, to L. B. Hawkes, Saugus, for pair

bronze turkeys.
$2. First premium, to L. B. Hawkes, Saugus, for Black

Breasted Red game.
<|2. First premium, to L. B. Hawkes, Saugus, for Guinea

fowls.
f 2. First premium, to L. B. Hawkes, Saugus, for Toulouse

geese.
$1. Second premium, to L. B. Hawkes, Saugus, for Tou-
louse geese.
$2. First premium, to L. B. Hawkes, Saugus, for Emb-

den geese.

39

f 2. First premium, to L. B. Hawkes, Saugus, for Dark

Brahma fowls.
$2. First premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Brown Leghorn fowls.
$1. Second premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Barred Plymouth Rocks.
$2. First premium to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

White Wyandotte fowls.
^2. First premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Indian game fowls.
$2. First premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Mottled Anconas.
f 2. First premium, to Anson L. Grififin, Lawrence, for

Black Minorcas.
$1. Second premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Indian Game chicks.
$1. Second premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Mottled Anconas.
Diploma, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for breeding pen

of Mottled Anconas.
f 1. Second premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Ancona chicks.
$1. Second premium, to Geo. B. Parkhurst, Boxford, for

Light Brahmas.
$2. First premium, to James F. Holland, Audover, for

Plymouth Rock chicks.
$2. First premium, to Homer Dow, Methuen, for Ply-
mouth Rock fowls.
$1. Second premium, to Homer Dow, Methuen, for Ply-
mouth Rock chicks.
$2. First premium, to Homer Dow, Methuen, for Brahma

chicks.
$2. Frist premium, to John F. Jackson, Georgetown, for

White Wyandottes.
$1. Second premium, to Edward McLaughlin, Methuen,

for White Wyandottes.
$1. Second premiums, to Edward McLaughlin, Methuen,

for White Wyandotte chicks.
John Swinerton, W. H. Buttevs— for (he Committee.

40

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAMS.

The Committee on Ploughing with Double Teams have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for 2 pair
of oxen with Varney Clipper Plough, No. 2.
18. Second premium, to B. H. Farnham, No. Andover,
for Eagle Plough, No. 2.
Amos Haseltine— /or the Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SINGLE OX TEAMS.

The Committee on Ploughing with Single Ox Teams have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following award :
$10. First premium, to Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton,
for Landside plough.

Sherman Nelson, A. P. Fuller— /or the Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SWIVEL PLOUGH.

The Committee on Ploughing with Swivel Ploughs have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to Daniel A. Carlton, No. Andover,
for 1 pair oxen.
$8. Second premium, to Lyman S. Wilkins, Topsfield,
for 1 pair oxen.
First premium, to F. A. Russell, Methuen, for Vic-
tor, No. 2, with pair of horses.
^8. Second premium, to Isaac C. Brown, Methuen, for

Yankee plough, pair of horses.
Jos. S. Howe, S. H. Bailey, Joseph N. Rolf — Committee.

41

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES ANY PLOUGH EX-
CEPT SWIVEL.

The Committee on Ploughing with Horses any Plough
except Swivel have attended to their duty, and respect-
fully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :

$10. First premium, to Carlton Little, Newbury, for
Hussey plough, No. 106.
$7. Second premium, to Fred Poor, West Newbury, for

Hussey plough, No. 106.
15. Third premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for the
Frye steel plough.
S. F. Newman, E. Harrington, J. W. Chad wick, T. P.
Harriman — Cominittee.

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOUGH.

The Committee on Ploughing with sulky ploughs have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
810. First premium, to F. A. Russell, Methuen, for Syra-
cuse sulky.
$8, Second premium, to George E. Kline, Lawrence,
for Syracuse sulky.
The Committee wish to mention Mr. E. C. Little's son
of Haverhill, 9 years of age who ploughed with a sulky
plough, who did commendable work and is entitled to
merit; the Committee would like to have given him a pre-
mium but with only two at their disposal, could not do so
and do justice to others.

Samuel T. Poor, David M. Cole, John W. Frederick—
Commiltee.

PLOUGHING WITH THREE HORSES.

The Committee on Plousrhins with three horses have at-

42

tended to their duty and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following award :
$10. First premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury>
for improved Doe plough.
S. S. Lewis, George E. Johnson, Milo H. Gould — Com-
mittee.

HARROWS.

The Committee on Harrows have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following award :

%\Q. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for
trial of the Eureka Spring Tooth Harrow.

J. Webb Barton, A. P. Russell— /or the Committee.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

The Committee on Agricultural Implements have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$10. and Diploma to the Treat Hardware Co., of Law-
rence, for collection of implements.
$5. First premium, to J. M. Graham, Methuen, for

market wagon.
$5. First premium, to Geo. E. Daniels, Rowley, for

two horse cart.
$3. First premium, to S. J. Pedler, Methuen, for two

horse farm wagon.
$5. Gratuity, to Dole & Osgood, Peabody, for milk

wagon.
$2. Gratuity, to S. J. Pedler, Methuen, for set of

Archibald wheels and axles.
$L Gratuity, to Joseph D. Dodge, Rowley, for set of
marsh shoes.

43

|1. Gratuity, to P. Hoogerziel, Beverly, for patent

wheelbarrow for apples.
S. W. Hopkinsou — for the Committee.

CARRIAGES.

The Committee on Carriages have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$5. and Diploma to Means & Hopkins, Merrimac, for

open beach wagon.
15. Gratuity, to H. B. Whipple, Peabody, for delivery

wagon.
$6. Gratuity, to D. M. Lane, Lawrence, for 3 spring

grocery wagon.
$2. Gratuity, to Kress Bros., Lawrence, for buggy.
fl. Gratuity, to Kress Bros., Lawrence, for Democrat

wagon.
$5. Gratuity, to J. W. Joyce, Lawrence, for beer wagon.
George E. Daniels, B. F. Lewis, J. H. Blunt — Com-
mittee.

IN EXHIBITION HALL.

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.

The Exhibition of the Society at the City Hall, Lawrence,
Sept. 1892, though not as well patronized as last year, was
on the whole, a decided success. Owing to the busy times
at the different Corporations, it was impossible to interest
them in the fair, so the exhibit in this line was not as large
as last year, nor did they give their operatives a half holi-
day, which I think took off some from the receipts. Only
one mill made an exhibit of a fine line of Ladies' dress
goods.

The space allotted to the merchants and small manufac-
turers was well taken up and filled with articles of interest
to the public.

The special premium offered by H. M. Whitney, for the ex-
hibit of the most value, to the Lawrence Hospital, brought
a very large and varied collection of articles that were of
special use to them, the whole amounting to a very nice
sum.

The fancy work was so crowded in the cases that the
society own that it was impossible for the committee to
judge of the merits of many of the exhibits or for the pub-
lic to see much of the fine work that was displayed. The
number of entries in this department was not quite as large
as last year but I think the amount was larger, as many
ladies entered several articles under one number which I
think was a mistake and I did not notice it until the entries
were all in.

There was more interest taken by the children this year

45

as it was more fully understood by them that premiums
were given for such work.

There was a very good showing of cut flowers but not
many plants, also several collections of wild flowers which
showed a great amount of work in collecting and classify-
ing.

The stage was well filled by J. B. Hally with a fine col-
lection of ferns.

Edward' Fly nn made a very good showing in the gallery
of potted plants and flowers.

Some of the fruit entered was of excellent quality but
much of it is entered more for the purpose of receiving an
entrance ticket than for a premium.

The amount was about the same as last year, the pear
exhibit was of good quality, and the table of peaches,
grapes and assorted fruit was well filled, many varieties of
excellent quality not being found on the premium list of the
society, but worthy of culture, and always found in the mar-
kets.

The vegetable department was not as well filled as last
year but most of the articles exhibited were of merit. This
department was well looked after by Mr. Bradley, and the
arrangement made a very good showing.

By the kindness of the mayor the council chamber was
again opened for our use as an art room, where valuable pic-
tures and decorated china ware could be exhibited safely
and apart from the bustle and crowd of the main hall, and
where lovers of the beautiful could better examine the very
fine exhibit which filled the room, being much larger and
finer than last year.

The grange exhibit was a good agricultural show in itself,
in a very small space was gathered together from four
towns, a collection of fruit, vegetables and ladies' work, the
abundance of which shows willing hands, and the arrange-
ment something of the work of the grange in matters of
higher education.

Some have thought that this special grange exhibit takes

46

away from the main hall, but I know that many entries
were made both years in the hall and on the exhibition
grounds by members of our granges, who would never have
taken any interest in the fair if it had not been for the
grange and the interest felt at our meetings, thus by the
discussion advertising the fair to a great extent.

I think the society would reap great benefits if they more
fully advertised the different premiums offered, especially in
the hall, as where it comes so seldom to a place the people
forget, and new ones are continually coming in to our cities,
so they do not understand, especially the foreign element,
some of whom take a great interest when permitted to take
part.

To the ladies and gentlemen with the assistant superin-
tendent, I owe many thanks, for the cheerful response to the
call, and the faithful manner in which they attended to the
arranging of the many entries, and if some way could be
devised, so we could know, who of the committee of awards
could not be present, so their places could be promptly filled,
the duties of the superintendent would be lightened.

W. C. ALLYN, Superintendent of Hall.

DAIRY.

The Committee on Diary have attended to their duty
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

$10. First premium to Oscar Gowen, West Newbury, for
the Dairy Cow making the most butter the first
week in June, July, Aug. and Sept.
,^5. First premium to Mrs. Wm. K. Cole, Boxford, for

5 lbs. butter.
$6. Second premium to Mrs. Chas. W. Gowen, West

Newbury, for 5 lbs. butter.
$4. Third premium to M. B. Chesley, Amesbury, for 5
lbs. butter.

47

DRESSED FOWLS AND EGGS.

$2. First premium to Mrs. Susan A. Stuart, Middleton,

for 1 pair dressed fowls.
|1. First premium to Mrs. Susan A. Stewart, Middleton,

for 1 doz. Brahma eggs.
|1. First premium to Wm. M. Cole, Boxford, for 1 doz.

Wyandotte hens eggs.
$1. First premium to Wm. M. Cole, Boxford, for 1 doz.

Plymouth Rock hens eggs.
fl. First premium to Wm. M. Cole, Boxford, for 1 doz.

Red Cap hens eggs.
Charles Ferley, Mrs. David Warren, Mrs. B. H. Farn-
ham, Mrs. T. C. Thurlow — Committee.

STATEMENT OF OSCAR GOWEN.

To the Committee on Diary.

The cow I wish to enter for the premium for the first
week in June, July, August and Sept. for amount of but-
ter from any quantity of milk is a grade Ayrshire. She
dropped her last calf the 21st day of January, 1892.

1st week in June she gave 181 lbs. of milk, which made
10 lbs. of butter, her feed was grass with one quart of
corn meal a day.

1st week in July she gave 147 lbs. of milk, which made
8-1 lbs. butter, her feed was the same as June.

1st week in August she gave 144 lbs. of milk which
made 8 lbs. of butter, her feed was grass with one quart
of cotton seed meal in place of corn meal.

1st week in Sept. she gave 165 lbs. of milk which made
9 lbs. of butter, her feed was 2 quarts corn meal, grass
and corn fodder.

STATEMENT OF MRS. WM. K. COLE.

The 5 lbs. of butter entered for premium was made
from milk of grade Jersey cows, set in pans standing 36
to 40 hours, churned when enough cream has accum-

48

ulated for a churning, is rinsed through two waters, then
thoroughly worked, salted at the rate of one ounce to a
lb. of butter, and immediately put up for market. Cows
have a run of pasture and some green feed in the barn
and one quart of meal per day.

STATEMENT OP MRS. O. W. GOWEN.

My butter entered for a premium is made from a grade
Jersey cow fed upon what she gets from the pasture,
without any grain. The milk is set in tin pans about one
half full, then skimmed in 36 hours, when enough cream is
collected, churn, wash and salt at the rate of one ounce
to the pound.

BREAD AND CANNED FRUIT.

The Committee on Bread and Canned Fruit have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
$3. First premium to Ellen Condon, Beverly, for wheat

bread.
$2. First premium to Ellen Condon, Beverly, for gra-
ham bread.
$3. First premium to Mrs. A. C. Wilson, Danvers, for

preserves and jelly.
$3. First premium Mrs. Ella J. Andrew, Boxford, for

basket of dried apples.
$2. First premium to Miss M. J. Wilson, Methuen for

case of canned fruit.
$2. First premium to Mrs. B. H. Farnham, No. Ando-

ver, for 5 lbs. of dried apples.
$2. First premium to Mrs. Carrie Wales, Groveland, for
loaf of white and graham bread.
$1.50. First premium to Miss Clara L. Bailey, Andover,
for brown bread.

49

II. Second premium to Mrs. Oscar Young, No. Ando-

ver, for brown bread,
II. Second premium to Mrs. Geo. L. Burnham, No. An-

dover, for loaf of white and graham bread.
II. Third premium to Mrs. Edwin Haseltine, ^Haverhill,

for loaf of white, graham and brown bread.
II. Gratuity to Page Catering Co., Lawrence, for case
of bread and cake.
50c. Gratuity to J. T. Remmens, Lawrence, for case of

bread.
50c. Gratuity to Misses Prescott, Lawrence, for 12 tum-
blers jelly.
50c. Gratuity to Mrs. M. N. Howe, Lawrence, for loaf

of white bread.
50c. Gratuity to Mrs. A. M. Brown, Lawrence, for loaf of

cake.
50c. Gratuity to Mrs. E. F. Holt, Andover, for canned
pears.

The Committee on Bread labored under a great disad-
vantage as the best looking bread was not tasted, as it was
entered without a statement, which excluded it from a
premium, and as the exhibitors were probably not aware
that a statement was required, felt that justice was not done
them. Therefore the Committee would recommend that
another year the fact be made known in some way, so
that exhibitors shall have their statements and relieve the
Committee from blame.

Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Elizabeth P. Nichols, Mrs. J. H.
Chandler — Committee.

STATEMENT OF MRS. ELLEN CONDON FOB GRAHAM BREAD.

1 quart graham flour, 3 qts. white flour, 1 cup sugar, 1
large spoonful salt, 1 yeast cake. Do not sift the graham,
mix the same as any bread, bake in a quick oven one hour
and ten minutes, cover the bread with brown paper the
first 20 minutes.

50

STATEMENT OF MRS. CARRIE B. WALES, RAISED WHEAT

BREAD.

1 quart Haxall flour, one half pint warm water, one half
pint milk scalded, one half compressed yeast cake, 2 tea-
spoonfuls sugar, 2 teaspoonfuls salt, 1 teaspoonful lard.
Knead at night, let rise until morning, chop down with a
knife in the morning, let rise in pan until light, put in tin
and let rise till twice its size and bake 45 minutes.

STATEMENT OF MRS. OSCAR YOUNG, BROWN BREAD.

One half cup of flour, one cup of corn meal, two cups rye
meal, measure rye before sifting, two teaspoonfuls soda
heaped, nearly a cup of molasses, one pint sour milk, tea-
spoonful salt, steam nearly all day.

STATEMENT OF MRS. GEO. L. BURNHAM, GRAHAM BREAD.

The kind of flour used is the Arlington graham, one
quart of flour, one pint of milk, three tablespoonfuls sugar,
one half teaspoonful of salt, one fourth yeast cake, mixed
stiff with a spoon, let rise over night, then put in tins, let
stand half an hour, then bake one hour.

STATEMENT OF LIZZIE J. WILSON, FOR CANNED PEARS AND
PEACHES.

1 make a syrup of one part water and two parts sugar
and let it boil ten minutes, then throw in one half cup cold
water three times and boil five minutes longer and it is
then ready for the fruit. The fruit I peel and throw in a
pan of cold water until I have enough to start with, then I
cook in boiling water until they are easily pierced with a
straw, then let them simmer a few minutes in the syrup in
the bottle. Plums and most all other fruit I cook in the
same kind of syrup until they look clear.

STATEMENT OF MISS M. J. WILSON FOR CANNED FRUIT.

To every quart jar, one cup of sugar, boil until clear, then
drop fruit in and cook until clear ; this applies to most all
fruit.

51

SPECIAL PREMIUM OFFEPvED BY H. M. WHITNEY & CO.

The Committee on Special Premium offered by H. M.
Whitney & Co., for the benefit of the Hospital, have at-
tended to tlieir duty, and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following award :
$15. First premium to Whitall, Taturn & Co., for glass
ware and sundries.

Mrs. O. T. Howe, Mrs. Moses Stevens, Mrs. Geo. W. Sar-
gent, Miss C. E. M. Somerville, F. E. Clarke, Dr. C. N.
Chamberlain, Dr. C. G. Carlton — Committee.

PEARS.

The Committee on Pears have attended to their duty and
respectfully report to the Secretary that they have made
the following awards :
f3. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Bartlett

pears.
First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Bosc pears.
First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Lawrence

pears.
First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Louise

Bonne pears.
First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Howell

pears.
First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for collection

of pears.
First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Marble-
head, for Belle Lucrative pears.
First premium, to Jas. J. H. Gregory & Son, Mar-

blehead, for Paradise d'Automne pears.
First premium, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Anjou pears.
First premium, to J. W. Goodell, Lynn, for Angou-

leme pears.

m

52

$3. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for

Dana's Hovey pears.
i3. First premium, to James Wilson, Topsfield, for

Onondago pears.
$3. First premium, to Frederic Samson, Salem, for

Seckle pears.
f3. First premium, to Robert Lindsay, Lawrence, for

Sheldon pears.
$3. First premium, to H. G. Herrick, Lawrence, for Ur-

baniste pears.
$3. First premium, to S. J. Richards, Lawrence, for

Vicar of Wakefield pears.
$3. First premium, to Elizabeth Mclntire, Lawrence, for

Cornice pears.
$3. First premium, to Geo. W. Marsden, Lawrence, for

Clairgeau pears.
$1. Gratuity, to Abel Stickney, Groveland, for Belle

Lucrative pears.
$1. Gratuity, to Allen Barr, Lawrence, for Buerre Bosc

pears.
$1. Gratuity, to Allen Barr, Lawrence, for Dana's

Hovey pears.
$1. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Anjou pears.
$1. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Sheldon pears.
$L Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Vicar pears,
$1. Gratuity, to Lester E. Prescott, Lawrence, for An-

gouleme pears.
$1. Gratuity, to Walter B. Allen, Lynn, for Lawrence

pears.
fl. Gratuity, to Walter B. Allen, Lynn, for Urbaniste

pears.
$1. Gratuity, to Alice Mclntire, Lawrence, for Seckle

pears.
|L Gratuity, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury, for Clair-
geau pears.
fl. Gratuity, to B. Flanders, Haverhill, for Buerre
Hardy pears.

53

Peter M. Neal, B. F. Huntington, Edmund Gale — Com-
mittee.

APPLES.

The Committee on Apples have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

|3. First premium, to D M. Cole, Boxford, for Graven-
stein apples.
f 3. First premium, to E. P. Noyes, Newbury, for Rox-

bury Russetts.
f 3. First premium, to Mrs. D. G. Berry, No. Andover,

for Sweet Baldwins.
f 3. First premium, to John Taylor, Amesbury, for Rhode

Island Greening.
'f 3. First premium, to T. K. Bartlett, Newburyport, for

Drap D'Or.
f 3. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for King

of Tompkins.
13. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Bailey's Sweet.
$3. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Smith's Cider.
$3. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Pickraan Pippin.
$3. First premium, to S. G. Bailey, West Newbury, for

Hubbardston.
^3. First premium, to Wm. S. Horner, Georgetown, for

Canada Snow.
f3. First premium, to C. M. Lunt, Newbury, for Hunt's

Russett.
$3. First premium, to C. M. Lunt, Newbury, for Red

Russett.
$B. First premium, to E. T. Cliilds, Lawrence, for Porter.
$3. First premium, to Lyman Osborne, Peabody, for

Danvers Sweet.

54

$3. First premium, to Nnthan Longfellow, Groveland, for
Baldwin.

12. Second premium, to William Ijittle, Newbury, for

Roxbury Russett.
$1.50. Second premium, to S. B. George, Groveland, for

Hunt's Russett.
$1.50. Second premium, to C. M. Lunt, Newbury, for Bald-
win.
$1.00. Gratuity, to N. R. Fowler, Boxford, for Monmouth

Pippin.
$1.00. Gratuity, to S. M. Bailey, Andover, for Red Porter.

$1.00. Gratuity, to Michael Shea, Lawrence, for Graven-
stein,

$1.50. Gratuity, to Geo. W. Chadwick, Boxford, for Kil-
1am Hill.

$1.00. Gratuity, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury, for Mcin-
tosh Red.

$1.50. Gratuity, to B. F. Huntington, Amesbury, for North-
ern Spy.

$1.00. Gratuity, to E. K. Noyes, Newbury, for Bradford
Nonsuch.

$L50. Gratuity, to J. N. Rolf, Newbury, for Maiden's
Blush.

$1.50. Gratuity, to B. Griffin, Lawrence, for Gilliflower.

$1.00. Gratuity, to S. B. Bodwell, No. Andover, for Presi-
dent apple.

$1.50. Gratuity, to D. Bradstreet, Topsfield, for Pickman
Pippin.

$1.00. Gratuity, to G. D. Walton, Peabody, for Hass apple.

$1.50. Gratuity, to G. D. Walton, Peabody, for Unknown.
The apple classed as " unknown " is reported to be

worthy of the attention of the society, both for its keep-
ing quality and excellent flavor, as reported by Andrew

Nichols of Danvers, and your committee have taken this

method of introducing it to your notice.

W. H. B. Currier, Andrew Nichols, W. P. Hutchinson —

Committee.

55

PEACHES, GRAPES AND'ASSORTED FRUIT.

The Committee on Peaches, Grapes and Assorted Fruit
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$2.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for White

Flesh peach.
2.00. First premium, to Geo. W. Chadwick, Boxford, for

Seedling peach.
2.00. First premium, to Wm. L. Hobbs, Lawrence, for

Crawford peach.
3.00. First premium, to C. D. Thompson, No. Andover,

for Concord grapes.
3.00. First premium, to Maggie Shea, Lawrence, for White

Martha grapes.
4.00. First premium, to James M. Teel, Lynn, for Black

Hamburg grapes.
3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for

Moore's Early grapes.
3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for

Niagara grapes.
3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for

Brighton grapes.
1.50. Gratuity to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for Eaton

grapes.
1.50. Gratuity to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for Flor-
ence grapes.
1.00. Gratuity to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for Hayes

grapes.
1.00. Gratuity to G. D. Walton, Peabody, ,for Clinton

grapes.
1.00. Gratuity to S. J. Baker, Methuen, for Moore's Early

grapes.
1.50. Gratuity to S. J. Baker, Methuen, for Lady grapes.
1.00. Gratuity to S. J. Baker, Methuen, for Niagara

grapes.
1.00. Gratuity to S. J. Baker, Methuen, for Pocklington

grapes.

56

1.00. Gratuity to Mrs. J. A. Sochrens, Andover, for

Champion quinces. |^
1.00. Gratuity to Elizabeth Foley, Lawrence, for Lemon

quinces.
1.50. Gratuity to J. F. Gulliver, Andover, for Orange

quinces.
1.00. Gratuity to'E. L. Saunders, Lawrence, for Orange

quinces.
J, W. Goodell, Aaron Sawyer, Albert Emerson — Com-
miitee. 1 1 ri ij

'^ PLANTS.

The Committee on Plants have attended to their duty
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

$10. First premium to J. B. Hally, Lawrence, for Collec-
tion of Plants.
5.00. Second premium to Edward Flynn, Lawrence, for

Collection of Plants.
50c. Gratuity to Mrs. J. W. Porter, Lawrence, for Cactus.
50c. Gratuity to Mrs. Benj. Griffin, Lawrence, for Night
Blooming Cerius.
T. C. Thurlow, Bertha Chandler, Mrs. Chas. Perley.—
Committee.

FLOWERS.
The Committee on Flowers have attended to their duty
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
2'00. First premium, to Benj. F. Bickum, Haverhill, for

two Bouquets.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Geo. E. Kline, Lawrence,

for Marigolds.
5.00. First premium to Mrs. Julia A. Cain, Lynn, for

Collection 100 varieties.

57

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Julia A. Cain, Lynn, for

Geraniums.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Julia A. Cain, Lynn, for

Geraniums.
2.00. First premium, to Mrs. Julia A. Cain, Lynn, for

Bouquet.
1.00. First premium, to Abbie L. Cain, Lynn, for Sal-

piglossis.
1.00. First premium, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody. for Car-
nations.
1.00. First premium, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for Gar-
den Annuals.
1.00. First premium, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for Scab-

iosas.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Oscar Young, No. Andover,

for Double Phlox.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Oscar Young, No. Andover,

for Zinnias.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. George Burnham, No. An-
dover, for Nasturtiums.
1.00. First premium, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for Pan-

sies.
LOO. First premium, to Mrs. N. M. Powers, Lawrence,

for Coxcombs.
2.00. First premium, to E. H. Gage, Methuen, for basket

of flowers.
2.00, First premium, to Mrs. G. L. Averill, No. Andover,

for Pansies.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. G. L. Averill, No. Andover,

for Dianthus.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. G. L. Averill, No. Andover,

for Marigolds.
2.00. First premium, to T. C. ^Thurlow, West Newbury,

for Phlox.
1.00. First premium, to Carrie Fuller, No. Andover, for

Petunias.
3.00. First premium, to Bertha L. Jenkins, Lawrence, for

Design.

58

5.00. First premium, to Helen M. Jenkins, Lawrence, for

Cut flowers, 100 varieties.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Edwin Haseltine, Haverhill,

for Sweet Peas.
6.00. First premium, to Charles E. Wingate, Lawrence,

for Design of flowers.
5.00. First premium, to J. B. Halley, Lawrence, for Floral

design.
1.00. Second premium, to Arthur Crosby, Methuen, for

Sweet Peas.
3.00. Second premium, to Mrs. Rose Buxton, Peabody,

for collection of flowers.
1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. Oscar Young, No. Ando-

ver, for Basket of flowers.
1.00. Second premium, to Annie C. Horch, Rowley, for

Bouquet.
2.00. Second premium, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury,

for Japan Lillies.
1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. Edwin Haseltine, Haver-
hill, for Bouquet.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. N. M. Powers, Lawrence, for Cox-
combs.
1.00. Gratuity, to Thomas Milner, No. Andover, for Cox-
combs.
50c. Gratuity, to E. M. Eames, Andover, for Zinnias.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Geo. L. Gage, Lawrence, for Pinks,
50c. Gratuity to Arthur Crosby, Methuen, for Pansies.
60c. Gratuity, to Abbie L. Cain, Lynn, for Garden An-
nuals.
60c. Gratuity, to Abbie L. Cain, Lynn, for Calendulas.
50c. Gratuity, to Abbie L. Cain, Lynn, for Marigolds. .
60c. Gratuity, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for Bouquet.
50c. Gratuity, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for Dahlias.
75c. Gratuity, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for Geraniums.
50c. Gratuity, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for Verbenas.
60c. Gratuity, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for Garden An-
nuals.

59

50c. Gratuity, to S. P. Buxton, Peabody, for Dianthus.

50c. Gratuity, to R. P. Strutlms, Lynn, for Bouquet.

50c. (xratuity, to Mrs. Oscar Young, No. Andover, for
Nasturtiums.

50c. Gratuity, to J. J. H. Gregory & Son, Marblehead,
for Zinnias.

75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for Calen-
dulas.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for Dahlias.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for Dahlias.

75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Geo. L. Averill, No. Andover, for
Garden Annuals.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Geo. L. Averill, No. Andover, for
Phlox.

75c. Gratuity, to Bertha Chandler, Andover, for Mari-
golds.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Edwin Haseltine, Haverhill, for
Pansies.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Edwin Haseltine, Haverhill, for
Garden Flowers.

50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Edwin Haseltine, Haverhill, for
Pansies.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. J. Baker, Methuen, for Tubrous
Begonias.

75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. .Tohn Griffin, Lawrence, for Dahlias.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. F. Dearborn, Methuen, for As-
ters.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. F. Dearborn, Metlmen, for
Heliotrope.

60c. Gratuity, to M. Wingate & Son, Lawrence, for Roses.

50c. Gratuity, to E. F. Childs, Lawrence, for Native
Flowers.

50c. Gratuity, to Edward Flynn, Lawrence, for Floral
Exhibit.

50c. Gratuity, to Edward Flynn, Lawrence, for Roses.
J. D. Kingsbury, Mrs. David Warren, Charlotte N. S.

Horner, Nellie E. Moore — Committee.

6o

VEGETABLES.

The Committee on Vegetables have attended to their

duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have

made the following awards :

$5.00. First premium, to Cochickewick Farm, No. An-
dover, for collection of vegetables.

3.00. First premium, to G. S. Phippen, Methuen, for Mar-
row squash.

3.00. First premium, to G. S. Phippen, Methuen, for Tur-
ban squash.

3.00. First premium, to G. S. Phippen, Methuen, for Hub-
bard squash.

3.00. First premium, to G. S. Phippen, Methuen, for Early
Rose potatoes.

3.00. First premium, to John R. Shirley, Methuen, for
Bay State Squash.

3.00. First premium, to Geo. L. Burnham, No. Andover,
for Fotler's cabbage.

3.00. First premium, to S. H. Bailey, Andover, for Red
cabbage.

3.00. First premium, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for
Savoy cabbage.

3.00. First premium, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for
Salmon Flesh melon.

3.00 First premium, to Geo. W. Chadwick, Boxford, for
Pearl of Savoy potatoes.

3.00. First premium, to Walter Chadwick, Boxford, for
Yellow Danvers onion.

3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for deep head
cabbage.

3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for all sea-
son's cabbage.

3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Red
onions.

3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Living-
ston's tomatoes.

6i

3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Acme to-
matoes.

3.00. First premium, to C. R. Anderson, Boxford, for
i^ Stone Mason cabbage.

3.00. First premium, to John A. Shirley, Methuen, for
Sibley squash.

3.00. First premium, to J. L. Nudd, Lawrence, for Peach
tomatoes.

8.00. First premium, to A. P. Russell, Lawrence, for
Beauty of Hebron potatoes.

3.00. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, for
Yellow Flat onions.

3.00. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, for
collection of vegetables.

3.00. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead,
for greatest variety of Tomatoes.

3.00. First premium, to S. H. Bailey, Andover, for Houl-
ton Rose Potatoes.

2.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Cauli-
flower.

2.00. First premium, to Virgil Dow, Methuen, for Water-
melons.

2.00. First premium, to C. H. Hall, Methuen, for Celery.

3.00. First premium to J. W. Henderson, Andover, for
Cauliflowers.

3.00. First premium, to Chas. B. Carlton, Boxford, for
Early Maine Potatoes.

2.00. Second premium, to Cochickewick Farm, No. An-
dover, for Stone Mason Cabbage.

2.00. Second premium, to Cochickewick Farm, No. An-
dover, for All Seasons Cabbage.

1.00. Gratuity, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover, for
Citron Melon.

1.00. Gratuity, to John Harrington, Methuen, for Clark's
No. 1 Potatoes.

LOO. Gratuity, to A. P. Fuller, No. Andover, for Clark's
No. 1 Potatoes.

62

1.00. Gratuity, to Richard Jacques, Newbury, for Marrow

Squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to Richard Jacques, Newbury, for Turban

Squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to H. N. Chubb, Lawrence, for Stone Ma-
son Cabbage.
1.00. Gratuity, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for Stone

Mason Cabbage.
1.00. Gratuity, to N. R. Bailey, Andover, for Savoy

Cabbage.
1.00. Gratuity, to E. L. Saunders, Lawrence, for Toma-
toes.
LOO. Gratuity, to A. P. Russell, Methuen, for Water-
melons.
1.00. Gratuity, to A. P. Russell, Methuen, for Turban

Squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to F. A. Russell, Methuen, for Red Cab-
bage.
1.00. Gratuity, to F. A. Russell, Methuen, for Savoy

Cabbage.
1.00. Gratuity, to F. A. Russell, Methuen, for Stone Ma-
son Cabbage.
1.00. Gratuity, to G. L. Averill, No. Andover, for Early

Rose Potatoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Marrow

Squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to J. C. Poor, No. Andover, for Savoy

Cabbage.
1.00. Gratuity, to Homer Dow, Methuen, for Onions.
1.00. Gratuity, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover, for

Early Maine Potatoes.
LOO. Gratuity, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover, for

Crookneck Squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover, for

Essex Hybrid Squash.
LOO. Gratuity, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover, for
Citron Melons.

63

William P. Bailey, J. A. Lamson, John F. Chesley, G-.
S. Phippen, Nathaniel Marble. — Committee.

VEGETABLES -CLASS TWO.

The Committee on Vegetables, second class, have at-
tended to their duty and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$3.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Stow-

elPs Evergreen Corn.
3.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Cory

Sweet Corn.
3.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Eclipse Beets.
3.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Edmands Beets.
3.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Short Horn Carrot.
3.00. First premium, to John W. Shirley, Methuen, for

Danvers Intermediate Carrot.
3.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Long Orange Carrot.
3.00. First premium, to R. Jacques, Newbury, for Man-
gold Wurtzels.
3.00. First premium, to H. A. Stiles, Middleton, for Pur-
ple top Turnips.
3.00. First premium, to H. A. Stiles, Middleton, for

White Flat Turnips.
3.00. First premium, to R. Jacques, Newbury, for Yellow

Ruta Baga Turnips.
3.00. First premium, to Geo. L. Averill, No. Andover, for

White Ruta Baga Turnips.
3.00. First premium, to R. Jacques, Newbury, for Pars-
nips.
3 00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Cran-
berries.

64

2.00. Second premium, to Andrew Lane, Rockport, for
Cranberries.

1.00. Third premium, to H. M. Killam, Boxford, for Cran-
berries.

1.00. Gratuity to E. G. Hardy, Andover, for Stowell's
Evergreen Corn.

1.00. Gratuity, to Geo. L. Averill, No. Andover, for Early
Essex Sweet Corn.

1.00. Gratuity to N. R. Bailey, Andover, for White Egg
Turnips.

1.00. Gratuity to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for Parsnips.

1.00. Gratuity to Geo. L. Averill, No. Andover, for White
Egg Turnips.

1.00. Gratuity to W. J. Clark, Andover, for Yellow Ruta
Baga Turnif s.

1.00. Gratuity to C. L. Bailey, Andover, for Purple top
Turnips.

LOO. Gratuity to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Mangold Wurt-
zels.

1.00. Gratuity to W. H. Hayes, No. Andover, for Inter-
mediate Dan vers Carrot.
Warren M. Cole, William Hilton, Wilbur J. Munroe, W.

F. Vining. — Committee.

GRAIN AND SEED.
The Committee on Grain and Seed have attended to their
duty and respectfully report to the Secretary, that they
have made the following awards :
11.00. First premium to H. M. Killam, Boxford, for Shelled

Corn.
1.00. First premium to B. W. Farnham, No. Andover, for

Field Beans.
5.00. First premium to A. L. Longfellow, Groveland, for

25 ears Field Corn.
3.00. First premium to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 25 ears

Pop Corn.

65

8.00. First premium to J. J. H. Grej^jory & Son, Marble-
head, for Collection of Seeds.

3.00. Second premium to C. K. Ordway, West Newbury,
for 25 ears Field Corn.

2.00. Second premium to Virgil Dow, Methuen, for 25
ears Pop Corn.

2.00. Third premium to Geo. A. Rogers, No. Andover,
for 25 ears Field Corn.
Fred H. Bates, Thaddeus Hale, Joseph N. Rolf. — Gorn-

mittee.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.
The Committee on Counterpanes and Afghans have at-
tended to their duty and respectfully report to the Secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$4.00. First premium, to Mrs. W. H. Sumner, Newbury-

port, for Crochet quilt.
2.00. Second premium, to Nellie M. Standley, Newbury-

port, for Satin quilt.
2.00. Gratuity to Mrs. Anna Thompson, Lawrence, for

Calico quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to S. Smith, Lawrence, for Outline quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Bertha Lawrence, Lawrence, for Silk

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. N. Stanley, Newburyport, for
Satin quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to E. M. Stanley, Newburyport, for Cotton

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to J. Smith, Newburyport, for Crazy
quilt.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J.Brookings, Newburyport, Crazy

quilt.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. E. Reed, Lawrence, for Cro-
cheted quilt.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. J. Bemis, Lawrence, for Af-
ghan.

66

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Emerson Robbins, Lawrence, for
Crazy quilt.
.75. Gratuity, to Minnie Dowd, Methuen, for Crocheted
Afghan.

1.00. Gratuity, to Jennie M. Wilson, Lawrence, for Cro-
cheted quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Augusta J. Bain, Lynn, for Patchwork

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. John Brierly, No. Andover, for
Calico quilt.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Walter Sargent, Methuen, for
Knit quilt.

1.00. Gratuity, to Lucy Chubbs, Lawrence, for Kensing-
ton quilt.

1.00. Gratuity, to Helen Carruth, Andover, for Satin
quilt.

1.00. Gratuity, to Fannie Lee, Lawrence, for Crocheted
Afghan.
Mrs. H. F. Longfellow, Lottie Swan, Sarah P. Blunt —

(Jommittee.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON COUNTERPANES
AND AFGHANS.

Counterpanes and Afghans ! How suggestive of prac-
ticality and comfort ! At the close of the daily toil and
duties as one " wraps the drapery of his couch about him,"
how the pleasant dreams are enhanced by the beauty and
warmth of his coverings ! Whether king, peasant, soldier
or peaceful citizen the necessity for these protective cov-
erings is recognized. Whether the coarse blanket of
earth's lowly or silken magnificence of royalty, were not
their dreams the sweeter, or the treacherous, evil designs
conjured in bad brains modified? We sincerely hope them
less sanguinary. And what a multiplicity of material has
been brought into requisition ! The cochineal sacrificed

67

its tiny life for its scarlet dye — the roots, barks, lichens
give beautiful coloring, and "in our grandmother's days''
were utilized. Erect, thrifty dames of the colonial period
cut, with mathematical precision, their "squares '' of patch-
work with which they fashioned their marvel (ms quilts
of intricate " Log Cabin " or "White House Steps,"
staid little maidens who, despite finger pricks and tear-
bedewed faces have, at last, pieced a quilt, and with what
contempt was regarded the " ne'er do weel " who had no
ambitions. Looms have produced the richest stuffs, needles
clicked, needles creaked with the stitchery brought upon
them. And has not the faculty of these ancient grand-
mothers descended upon the women of to-day ? We trust
so, and to the products of our Essex County add greatly.
Those who witnessed the display at the Agricultural Fair,
where there was a large collection hung around the hall,
like so many flaunting, royal banners, would say it was not
a " lost art.'' Counterpanes of the dear beloved patchwork
were there, the " crazy quilt, " the evolution of the older
album quilt, irregular bits of silk, satin, velvet, joined by
ornamental stitches, hand-painted, lace adorned — what
more kaleidoscopic in coloring ! Afghans crocheted in
brilliant wools or modest soft shades, how could it be an
easy task for the committee to select those pre-eminently
beautiful ? One of scarlet satin and ecru pongee silk was
so artistic in its simple harmony of tints that it was
awarded the first premium, while the second was secured
by the maker of one of Glasgow linen thread of yellowish
tint ; some sixty spools were required in its crocheting..
The evenness of the work, the beauty of the pattern made
it incredibly pretty. Still another, displayed over a lin-
ing of pink was very lace-like in eflfect, and received much
praise. Seeing so much to approve, the committee had
expended the sum allowed for premiums and gratuities,
very disconsolately had to retrace steps and pass by many
a deserving quilt. Those whose work was unrecognized
by a conspicuous card may rest assured that it was not

68

unappreciated. Each possessed its merit — for ingenuity,
for tasteful assortment of colors or nice needlework. And
what an interesting study of historical periods —
of changed conditions. All honor to the patchwork quilt,
not to be superseded by these fanciful groupings of the
present. Still may busy fingers sew, crochet, knit, or the
sewing machine lend its aid in putting into form and
shape these comfortable adjuncts to our sleeping hours,
and the outer covering for our healthful drives, and then
may they be brought to the County Fair to receive their
meed of praise. Mrs. Horace F. Longfellow,

Chairman of Committee.

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

The Committee on Carpetings and Rugs have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
i3. First premium, to Mrs. J. W. Poor, Andover, for

Drawn rug.
Jtl2. Second premium, to Mrs. T. 0. Connor, Lawrence,

for Knit curled rug.
$L50 Gratuity, to Mrs. A. R. Sanborn, Lawrence, for Silk

rug.
fl.50 Gratuity, to Mabel P. Allison, Lawrence, for Silk

rug.
iL50 Gratuity, to Mrs. M. B. Cook, Newburyport, for
Braided rug.
$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. R. Marshall, Newburyport, for

Braided rug.
$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. F. Richardson, Lawrence, for

Drawn rug.
$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary Lewis, Lawrence, for

Braided rug.
$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. L. Huntoon, Lawrence, for
Curled knit rug.

69

$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. W. Frederick, Methuen, for

Silk rug.
$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. Eliza W. Stokes, Lawrence, for

Silk rug.
$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. E. Mead, No. Andover, for

Drawn rug.
#1. Gratuity, to Mrs. George Smith, Lawrence, for
Drawn rug.
75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. Anderson, Andover, for Drawn

rug.
75c Gratuity, to Miss Dora Ellis, No. Andover, for

Shaker mat.
60c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. Emerson, Methuen, for Knit

rug.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. H. Greenleaf, Lawrence, for

Drawn rug.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. S. Eaton, Methuen, for Braided

rug.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. B. Brookings, Newburyport,
for Knit curled rug.
Mrs. W. C. Allyn, Mrs. J. O. Parker, Mrs. Wm. M.
Rogers, Mrs. Oscar Young — Committee.

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.

The Committee on Articles Manufactured from Leather
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$5. First premium, to McDonald & Hannaford, No. An-
dover, for Express harness.
i5. First premium to P. Carrow, Lawrence, for Car-
riage harness.
•12. First premium, to M. B. Bailey, Topsfield, [for

Children's hand made shoes.
$2. First premium, to M. B. Bailey, Topsfield, for
Children's machine made shoes.

70

B5. Gratuity, to P. Carrow, Lawrence, for Exhibit of

Leather Goods.
Amos Haseltine— /or the Committee.

FANCY WORK.

The Committee on Fancy Work have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have^made the following awards:

Gratuity, to Mrs. W. M. Gile, Lawrence, for table

covers.
Gratuity, to Mrs. A.^ M. Fowler, Lawrence, for

apron and lace edging.
Gratuity, to E. H. Gage, Methuen, for silk scarf

and tray cloth.
Gratuity, to Mrs. William Heald, Lawrence, for

wool shawl.
Gratuity, to Mrs. Alvah Locke, Lawrence, for

handkerchief.
Gratuity, to Mrs. M. H. Pulsifer, No. Andover, for

tidy and doilies.
Gratuity, to Mrs W. H. Sumner, Newburyport,

for English point lace.
Gratuity, to Helen B. Gile, Lawrence, for table,

centres and doilies.
Gratuity, Mrs. N. L. Sumner, Newburyport, for

Mexican work and dress.
Gratuity, to Mrs. Wilmot A. Reed, Gloucester, for

tidies,'- Mexican work.
Gratuity, to Mrs. Walter L. Rowe, Gloucester, for

table cover and tidy.
Gratuity, to Mrs. H. 0. Rowell, Newburyport, for

bureau scarf.
Gratuity, to Miss Lizzie G. Wilson, Lawrence, for

pillow shams.
Gratuity, to Mrs. J. C. White, Lawrence, for hand-
kerchief.

$1

$1
-tl
'II
11
$1
-11
-II
11
II

II

71

^1. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary Wall, Methuen, for dresses,

lace work,
#1. Gratuity, to Helen Chamberlain, Lawrence, for

centre piece and doilies.
f 1. Gratuity, to Selma M. Rother, Lawrence, for tray

cloth and handkerchief.
$1. Gratuity, to Mrs. Milton Currier, Lawrence, for

table covers and centre piece.
$1. Gratuity, to Laura F. Farnham, No. Andover, for

pillow shams.
'fl. Gratuity, to Annie B. Shattuck, Lawrence, for

point lace handkerchief.
•f 1. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. F. Whittredge, Lawrence, for
tray cloth and doilies.
50c. Gratuity, to Sarah C. Laney, Methuen, for two sets

table mats.
75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. W. Turple, Newburyport, for

tray cloths, etc.
50c. Gratuity, to M. E. Johnson, Methuen, for crochet

shawl.
75c. Gratuity, to Miss Sheeler, Lawrence, for sofa pil-
low.
75c. Gratuity, to Lizzie Clarke, Newburyport, for table

cover and lace work.
75c. Gratuity, to Annie Brookings, Newburyport, for

dresses.
.50c. Gratuity, to Mary C. Wethern, Newburyport, for

point lace handkerchief.
75c. Gratuity, to Nellie M. Stanley, Newburyport, for

cut work doilies.
50c. Gratuity, to Louise M. Mathews, Lawrence, for

doilies.
75c. Gratuity, to Laura Haigh, Lawrence, for crochet

dress.
75c. Gratuity, to Mary L. Lane, Lawrence, for apron.
75c. Gratuity, to Miss Tenney, Newburyport, for table
doilies.

72

60c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. S. Ricker, Lawrence, for flannel

skirt.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Robert Lindsay, Lawrence, for

pillow slips.
60c. Gratuity, to Mrs. John E. Davis, Methuen, for

crochet trimming.
75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. A. Lawrence, Lawrence, for

Mexican work.
60c. Gratuity, to Mrs. V. J. Knot, Lawrence, for center

piece and handkerchief.
76c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Geo. Huntoon, Lawrence, for fire

screen, &c.
60c. Gratuity, to Maggie Blair, Lawrence, for apron.
76c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Isaac Wilson, Lawrence, for apron.
60c. Gratuity, to Miss M. H. Pulsifer, No. Andover, for

apron and skirt.
76c. Gratuity, to Nora Rowe, Lawrence, for night robes.
76c. Gratuity, to Mrs. F. S. C. Herrick, Lawrence, for

towels and table covers.
75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. C. Fisher, Lawrence, for tray

cloth.
75c. Gratuity, to Alice Sherman, Lawrence, for table and

tray cloths.
75c. Gratuity, to Kate A. Swift, Andover, for butter cloth,
75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. Vooholg, Lawrence, for apron.
60c. Gratuity, to Henrietta McCarty, Lawrence, for lace

apron.
60c. Gratuity, to Gertie O'Connel, Lawrence, for tidy^

lamp shade.
76c. Gratuity, to Grace A. Talbot, Lawrence, for tidy and

apron.
76c. Gratuity, to Annie Greaser, Lawrence, for apron.
60c. Gratuity, to Edith Greaser, Lawrence, for handker-
chief.
60c. Gratuity, to M. L. Philbrick, Lawrence, for edging.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Edward R. Noon, Lawrence, for
tatting tidy.

7Z

Annie K. Day, Anna A. B. Childs, Mary A. Leach —
Committee.

WORKS OF ART.

The Committee on Works of Art have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
$3.00. Gratuity, to Gertrude Boardman, Lawrence, for

water color painting.
3.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. H. Fitch, Lawrence, for water

color painting.
3.00. Gratuity, to Miss Woodford, Lawrence, for china

painting.
3.00. Gratuity, to Serena Lane, Lawrence, for oil color.
2.00. Gratuity, to the Sunday Telegram, Lawrence, for

photogrames.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Carrie Whittredge, Lawrence, for

china painting.
L50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Sanborn, Lawrence, for china

painting.
1.60. Gratuity, to Miss C. Swan, Methuen, for china paint-
ing.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. Bicknell, Lawrence, for china

painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Winslow, Lawrence, for china

painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss L. Lamprey, Lawrence, for china

painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. James Joyce, Lawrence, for china

painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to Hattie Stowell, Lawrence, for china

painting.
1.00. Gratuity, to 0. A. Kenefick, Lawrence, for portraits.
1.00. Gratuity, to Enterprise Photograph Co., Lawrence,

for photographs.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mary Lee, Lawrence, for water color.

74

1.00. Gratuity, to Mr. Cooper, Lawrence, for water color.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mary McCabe, Lawrence, for oil paint-
ing.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mary Williams, No. Andover, for oil
painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to Louise Mathews, Lawrence, for water
color.

1.00. Gratuity, to Annie Haley, Lawrence, for crayon.

1.00. Gratuity, to Nellie Magoon, Lawrence, for oil paint-
ing.

1.00. Gratuity, to Charlotte Swan, Lawrence, for oil paint-
ing.

1.00. Gratuity, to M. A. Summers, Lawrence, for oil
painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. John Porter, Lawrence, for oil
painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to Marion Jenkins, Lawrence, for oil
painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to A. Greeley, Lawrence, for oil color.

75c. Gratuity, to Mary Swett, Lawrence, for china paint-
ing.

75c. Gratuity, to Ella Scott, Lawrence, for china painting.

75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Dane Scott, Lawrence, for china
painting.

75c. Gratuity, to Kate Clarke, Lawrence, for china paint-
ing.

75c. Gratuity, to Mary Bean, Lawrence, for china painting.

75c. Gratuity, to Bessie Swan, Methuen, for china paint-
ing.

75c. Gratuity to Mrs. Bruce, Lawrence, for china painting.

75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Wainwright, Lawrence, for china
painting.

75c. Gratuity, to Miss Hodgdon, Methuen, for china paint-
ing.

75c. Gratuity, to Miss Fremmer, Lawrence, for china
painting.

75c. Gratuity, to Miss Bradley, Lawrence, for china paint-
ing.

75

75c. Gratuity, to Miss Conlon, Lawrence, for china paint-
ing.

50c. Gratuity, to Miss Shepherd, Lawrence, for china
painting.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. H. Hadley, Lawrence, for
china painting.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Holt, Lawrence, for china painting.

50c. Gratuity, to Marion C. Howard, Lawrence, for china
painting.

50c. Gratuity, to Miss G. M. Copp, Lawrence, for oil
painting.

50c. Gratuity, to W. E. Spear, Lawrence, for crayon
painting.
Mrs. F. E. Clarke, S. P. Boynton, Mrs. Nellie Winches-
ter, Virginia Stevens — Committee.

CHILDREN'S WORK.
The Committee on Children's Work have attended to

their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that

they have made the following awards :

$3.00. First premium, to Ethel Churchill, Lawrence, for
work on towels.

2.00. Second premium, to',Lizzie Little, Haverhill, for mat.

50c. Gratuity, to Hattie Rea, No. Andover, for apron and
needlework.

50c. Gratuity, to Arthur Packard, Lawrence, for table
cover.

50c. Gratuity, to Katherine Herrick, Lawrence, for skirt.

50c. Gratuity, to Isabelle St.C. Herrick, Lawrence, for
skirt.

50c. Gratuity, to Sadie Taylor, Lawrence, for needlework.

50c. Gratuity, to Alice E. Chase, Methuen, for com-
fortable.

50c. Gratuity to Lottie Griffin, Lawrence, for apron.

50c. Gratuity, to Grace McAllister, Lawrence, for tray
cloth.

76

There were several articles of merit that would have re-
ceived special notice, but the ages of the children were
above the required age of twelve years.

The committee recommend that the age be changed from
twelve to fourteen years.

Alice U. Russell, Mrs. L. S. Currier, Mrs. G. L. Burn-
ham, Mrs. Bennet Griffin — Committee.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHAN-
DISE.
The Committee on Manufactures and General Mer-
chandise have attended to their duty, and respectfully re-
port to the Secretary that they have made the following
awards :

Diploma, to George E. Marsh, Lynn, for Good Will Soap.
Diploma, to the Lawrence Gas Co., Lawrence, for stoves.
Diploma, to M. E. Austin, Lawrence, for display of Hard-
ware.
Diploma, to the Beach Soap Co., Lawrence, for display

of soap.
Diploma, to the Briggs & AUyn Manufacturing Co., Law-
rence, for display of mantels and woodwork.
Diploma, to Brown & Acroyd, Lawrence, for dress goods.
Diploma, to Byron Truell, Lawrence, for dress goods.
Diploma, to the People's Furnishing Store for Gent's

Furnishings.
Diploma, to Mrs. D. A. Mathews for system of dress cut-
ting.
$5.00 Gratuity, to the Glen Mills, Rowley, for 16 varie-
ties manufd cereals.
1.00 Gratuity, to P. Hoogerziel, Beverly, for metal

goods.
1.00 Gratuity, to Carl A. Garris, for taxidermists'

goods.
1.00 Gratuity, to H. C. Carrol, for electric plating
work.

1.00 Gratuity, to Treat Hardware Co., Lawrence, for
hardware.

2.00 Gratuity, to Sanborn <fe Robinson, Lawrence, for
display of hardware.

1.00 Gratuity, to D. H. Flint, Danvers, for steam
cooker.

1.00 Gratuity, to Scollay & Rich, Lawrence, for dia-
mond metal polish.

50c. Gratuity, to Thos. Edge, Lawrence, for clocks.

50c. Gratuity, to Samuel Walch, Lawrence, for stuffed
birds.

50c. Gratuity, to Edward Atherton, Lawrence, taxider-
mist.

75c. Gratuity, to Samuel Lake, Lawrence, taxidermist.

oOc. Gratuity, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for snow
owl,

50c. Gratuity, to the Page Catering Co., Lawrence, con-
fectionery.

.50c. Gratuity, to J. J. Hannagan, Lawrence, for peat
moss.

50c. Gratuity, to Wm. Henderson, Lawrence, for
stuffed loon.
John H. George, W. J. Dole, Mrs. Frances Fitts, E.
B. Dale — Committee.

GRANGE EXHIBIT.

The Committee on the Grange Exhibit have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
$40. First premium, to the Andover Grange for exhibit.
30. Second premium, to the No. Andover Grange for

exhibit.
20. Third premium, to the West Boxford Grange for

exhibit.
10. Fourth premium, to the Methuen Grange for
exhibit.

78

Sherman Nelson, Doane Cogswell, Chas. H. Preston,.
S. F. Newman, Asa. F, Newhall — Coynmittee.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ROOT CROPS.

The Committee selected to examine the Root Crops en-
tered for premium respectively submit the following report.
We have received in all fifteen entries, viz. :

David Warren, Swampscott, onions. John H. George,
Methuen, potatoes and onions. Otis L. Kent, Newbury-
port, onions. J. Henry Nason, West Boxford, potatoes.
Chas. C. Blunt, Andover, cabbage, parsnips, carrots and
turnips. Samuel H. Bailey, Andover, cabbage. Walter
Smith, Methuen, cabbage. Chas. B. Carlton, West Box-
ford, potatoes. Daniel A. Carlton, Andover, cabbage. E.
C. Little, Haverhill, mangolds and potatoes.

It is indeed an unfavorable season, when Essex County
does not succeed in raising some extra large crops ; we
were agreeably surprised to find, in a season like the pre-
sent, such large crops, especially onions and potatoes.

The Committee desire to thank each competitor, whom
they had occasion to visit, for the cordial manner in which
they were received and for the knowledge obtained in their
special branch of farming. It is impossible for an observ-
ing person to thus visit these representative farmers, with-
out gaining valuable information in nearly every depart-
ment of this most complicated, but noblest occupation of
man.

Although the duties of this Committee are as ^ rule,
somewhat arduous, occupying considerable time, we feel
that we have been amply rewarded for our services, by the
knowledge gained by thus meeting our fellow farmers.

Sept. 1, we commenced our duties by calling on Mr.
David Warren, who many of the members of the society
know as a specialist in growing and putting up superior
seeds, such as cabbage, squash, carrot, sweet corn, etc.
He occupies the Hooper farm in Swampscott, where that

79

famous cabbage, the Stone Mason, was originated by John
Mason, who later in life, purchased and passed the re-
mainder of his days on one of the best farms in Amesbury,
which is situated on the borders of the lake made ever
celebrated by Whittier's poem, Maids of Attitash.
"In sky and wave the white clouds swam,

And the blue hills of Nottingham
Through gaps^of leafy green
Across the lake were seen."

Mr. Warren's onion crop was at the time of our visit
completely dried^down, of good size, very thick and of
extra fine quality.

We are sorry to report that Mr. Warren decided not to
put in his statement. In this connection the Committee
wish to call the attention of the trustees to the rule, — "In
ascertaining the amount of crop, any vessel may be used
and the weight of its contents once, multiplied by the
number of times it is filled by the crop." There are some
crops in this department, such as carrots, parsnips, and es-
pecially, cabbage, that it is impracticable to get at the
amount of the crop in this way; these crops are not generally
harvested at the time when the statements are called for
(Nov. 1st,), thus we did not attempt to hold these crops to
the rule. We believe there should be some definite method
to guide the Committee in the future, in like cases. In re-
gard to onions, it is the practice of many who wish to keep
them for winter marketing, to store them with the tops
on, so it is quite a task to correctly compute the crop ac-
cording to this rule— this, as we understand, was the
cause of Mr. Warren's failure to put in his statement.

On returning from Mr. Warren's we saw Mr. Kent's
field of onions at Newburyport, most of which were of
good quality, the right size, but not quite as ripe at that
time as the average crops this season. In order to make
an half acre (the required area) he had to put in some
twenty rods of new land which materially reduces his
yield. It was quite evident that on Sept. 3, we undertook
to accomplish too much work and to go over too much ter-

8o

ritory. Not being able to be on time to meet our last en-
gagement, we had the pleasure of a walk of about four
miles around the lake from No. Andover to West Boxford;
we certainly realized that Andover is a large town.

In the morning we were met at Methuen, by Mr.
George. His onions and potatoes were grown on the rich
meadow land, which all who have read his statements dur-
ing the last few years in the transactions of this society,
are familiar with. The variety he raised this season was
the Southport Yellow Globe, which were well ripened, of
fine size and no picklers, but in our judgment not quite up
in quality to the Danvers Yellow.

Mr. George called our attention to the ravages of the
maggot. In a former statement he spoke of an experi-
ment with gas-lime, which that season seemed to be a sure
preventative, but this year the maggot worked worse where
the most lime was applied.

It has been the experience of the writer that land
ploughed in the Fall and only harrowed in the Spring,
which leaves the ground more compact, will be nearly free
from this pest, in other words, the maggot works most in
soft soil.

Mr. George's potatoes were also on the meadow and
were a good crop for this season.

On adjoining ground Walter Smith showed us his field
of cabbage which he entered for the society's premium.

Leaving Methuen we next called on Mr. Blunt at Ando-
ver; arriving there at noon, we were kindly invited to
dine, after which we proceeded to Mr. Blunt's fields to
view his parsnips, carrots, cabbage and turnips; each crop
gave evidence of good fertilizing and care, free from weeds
and very thrifty — we judge that Mr. Blunt is as good a
farmer as he is Superintendent of Fair grounds.

We also looked at a piece of cabbage entered by Samuel
H. Bailey who lived near. All the cabbage crops which
we saw were looking well — but it was early in the season
to form any opinion as to the amount of the crop.

J. Henry Nason of West Boxford has one of the few ex-

tra pieces of potatoes this season — large, smooth, with
scarcely any not marketable.

Sept. 15, we were at Crystal Lake Farm, Haverhill,
which is owned by Mr. Marsh ; the crops, potatoes and
mangolds were entered by his energetic foreman, Mr. E.
C. Little. The drive from the city to the farm, across the
highlands, through No. Broadway was much enjoyed. Ar-
riving at the farm we found a splendid piece of potatoes
for any year, a crop of over four hundred bushels per acre;
here, even with this large crop we are again reminded of
the importance of a frequent change of seed, Mr. Little
calling our attention to the fact that on two rows planted
with seed which was raised from that which was brought
from the East in 1891, the yield was 22 bushels, while on
the two next rows, planted with seed, procured from the
East this Spring, 36 bushels were grown.

He has a fine crop of mangolds which we consider en-
titled to a premium.

Within a few years there has been a marked change in
the method of growing potatoes. Tiie writer well remem-
bers the old time way which was a tedious one, the plough-
ing being done with a slow yoke of oxen, then harrowed
with the same team with a square iron tooth-harrow, then
opened with a hand hoe, now by the potato planter, or
some other improved manner. Two seasons, I have used
the Daniels furrower, which is a disc implement opening
two rows at once, at equal distances and as straight as a
pair of horses can be driven. The same machine covers
in a fine manner, it also does the hilling better than any
other implement, in fact it is the most satisfactory tool I
have ever used. Li raising my potatoes I did not touch a
hand hoe, and they were more free from weeds than I
could have possibly kept them by the old process.

Digging by hand which is at best a slow job, can be
very much accelerated by the use of the horse machine,
although most, including even such expert farmers as
have raised the premium crops of the county, still cling to

82

the hand work in harvesting. To satisfy myself that there
■was a quicker and easier way to do that work I borrowed
of a neighbor, a digger (manufactured by the same firm
as the furrower), and used it on one-half acre. In fifteen
minutes I dug twenty-two bushels.

It is true that it takes some longer to pick the potatoes,
but its use is a great saving.

Another point is that the tubers are not cut or pricked
as in hand work.

This tool works very much better where there are no
weeds, and should its use become general it will have a
tendency to better cultivation.

Charles B. Carlton entered a piece of potatoes ; we saw
Mr. Carlton on the day of the fair at Lawrence, and he
decided not to have the Committee go to his place, saying
that he should not put in a statement.

Our next and last visit was at Daniel A. Carlton's, his
crop as usual was cabbage and a fine field it was.

If there is any evidence in the many premiums which
he has obtained from the society for his cabbage crops, he
certainly knows how to raise that vegetable.

The Committee having inspected all the crops which
were entered, with the exception of Mr. Carlton's potato
crop, at West Boxford (which was withdrawn), and after
examining the statements of each crop, recommend the
following awards, viz.

$10. First premium, to Kent & Marsh, Newbury port,
for crop of onions.
$5. Second premium, to John H. George, Methuen, for
crop of onions.
First premium, to Crystal Lake Farm, Haverhill, J.
J. Marsh, Proprieter, E. C. Little, Superinten-
dent, for crop of potatoes.
Second premium, to J. Henry Nason, West Boxford,

for crop of potatoes.
First premium, to Daniel A. Carlton, Andover, for
crop of cabbage.

S3

15. Second premium, to Walter Smith, Methuen, for
crop of cabbage.
110. First premium, to Crystal Lake Farm, Haverhill,,
J. J. Marsh, Proprietor, E. C. Little, Superinten-
dent, for crop of mangolds.
$10. First premium, to Chas. C. Blunt, Andover, for crop

of English turnips.
f5. Second premium, to Chas. C. Blunt, Andaver, for
crop of carrots.
$10. First premium, to Chas. C. Blunt, Andover, for crop
of parsnips.
B. F. Huntington, William S. Phillips, Jr., E. A. Emer-
son— Committee.

STATEMENT OF KENT & MAKSH, ONION CROP.

I submit the following statement of crop of onions en-
tered for premium. It contains eighty-one rods, is a sandy
loam, and on high ground. Has been under cultivation
six years, the last three in onions, except about twenty rods
which is the first crop of onions, has been manured the
same, with four cords of stable manure the past three years.
Was manured and ploughed last fall and ploughed again in
April. Was sown with 2 1-4 lbs. of Danvers Yellow
Globe Onion seed, April 18th, was hoed five times and
weeded four. The new part of the bed was badly eaten by
cut worm and maggot, taking fully one half of crop. Har-
vested from the piece, four hundred and ten and three-fifths
bush. (410 3-5). I measured five rods on the old bed and
the result was thirty-six bush.

CROP. Z)r.

Ploughing and harrowing, |5 OO

Manure, 4 cords at $5.00, • 20 00

Seed, 2 1-4 lbs. at $3.00, 6 75

Sowing, 1 00

Hoeing and weeding, 22 00

Harvesting, 8 00

Topping, 10 15

72 90'

84

Cr.
By 410 3-5 bush, of onions at 75c., 1307 95
Balance, $235 05

My crop is not sold but I could sell today at prices

above.

Kent & Marsh.

Newburyport, Sept. 2, 1892.
This* is to certify that I have measured the onion land
for Mr. Kent and find it to contain 87 rods and 26 yards.

Submitted by

C. W. Nelson.

REPORT OF A CROP OF ONIONS, RAISED AND ENTERED
BY JOHN H. GEORGE OP METHUEN, 1892.

The crop last year was onions, manured with about 10
cords of manure per acre. The crop of 1890 was grass,
this year it was manured part of it with night soil and
gravel, part with horse and cow manure drawn from the
barn cellar, part with a fertilizer composed of 1,000 lbs. dis-
solved from 300 muriate of potash and 200 lbs. nitrate of
soda applied at the rate of 2,000 lbs. per acre, and on a
small piece 2 feet of hen manure was put ; the land was
prepared in the usual way, the manure applied in the Fall, the
fertilizer in the Spring, as was also the hen manure. The
ground was ploughed, harrowed, brushed and dragged, and
seed sown at the rate of 5 lbs. per acre, the kind used
being the Southport Yellow Globe from Peter Henderson
of New York City. The seed came up splendid and had
the maggots let them alone I should have had an enormous
crop; as it was eaten quite badly in spots, the crop was only
a medium one, but the quality is first-class in every re-
spect. I have entered it not so much because I thought I
had a large crop, but as an interesting experiment with dif-
ferent kinds of manure. The crop where the hen manure
was ap[Jied was poorest of the lot, that where night soil

85

was put was the best, the fertilizer next, and the manure
last ; thej were troubled with the maggots most where hen
manure was used and the least where the fertilizer was
used, and the night soil next and manure about the same,
I applied 1-2 cord of gas lime on part of the piece to pre-
vent the maggots work, but where there was the most lime
put there was the most maggots. I have told a great
many people that gas lime was a preventative, as my for-
mer use of it had given me a good reason to believe. I
wish to take it all back and say that I don't know of any-
thing that is of any use, as I have learned long ago that
one swallow does not make a Summer and I have some-
times thought that there was not anything sure about farm-
ing any way, as what will produce a crop one year is sure
to be a failure some other season. The piece which I en-
ter contains one half an acre and the cost of the crop has
been as follows :

Manure, fertilizer &c., -"$35 00

Ploughing, brushing and dragging, 3 00

Seed, 5 00

Sowing, 75

Hoeing 5 times. 4 00

Weeding 4 times, 12 00

Harvesting and marketing, 30 00

Interest and taxes on land, 6 00

195 75
The land was peat meadow. The crop was 332 bushels
on one half acre and they are sold at 11.00 per bushel.
To Onion crop, Or. 1332 00

« " " Dr. 95 75

.$237.75

Respectfully submitted,

John H. George.

I hereby certify that I measured the land on which grew

86

the crop of onions entered by John H. George of Methuen,
with the Essex Agricultural Society, and it measured 21,-
780 feet.

Isaac H. Laney.

Methuen, Mass, Oct. 15th, 1892.

STATEMENT OF E. C. LITTLE, SXJPT. CEYSTAL LAKE FARM.

The crop of mangels which I enter for premium were
raised on yellow loam land, quite rocky. The crop of 91
was ensilage corn, the land being broken up in the
spring and manure harrowed in. In the fall I spread on
about six cords per acre of coarse stable manure drawn
from the city, plowed it in. In the spring of '92, May 20,
I gave the land a good harrowing, then used a brush
harrow twice and picked off the rocks. I then put on
Bradley's fertilizer with the corn planter, it being
geared to use 400 pounds per acre, rows being three
feet apart. I then sowed the seed with Sargent's
machine, which sowed three lbs. of seed per acre, fol-
lowing the drills that I had previously made with corn
planter. We weeded and thinned them out twice, and
cultivated them eleven times.
Financial statement.

To ploughing an acre of land.

Harrowing one acre,

Marking and putting on Fertilizer,

400 lbs. of fertilizer,

3 lbs. of seed.

Weeding and thinning twice,

Cultivating,

Use of land.

Sowing the seed.

Six cords of manure,

Pulling and storing,

185 65

Dr

$5

00

2

00

1

50

8

40

1

50

9

00

5

50

6

00

75

30

00

16

00

87

6V.

By 740 bu. at 30 cts. $257 00

16 loads of tops, 16 00

$21S 00

The tops I consider worth the above amount, as when
I commenced to feed them out, the 16 cows were giving
an average of eleven cans of milk per day, with some
grain. I stopped giving grain and fed one cart load of
tops per day. They have the same pasture feed as be-
fore and they gained after four days feeding up to fifteen
cans. The last three days I fed them, they gave

eighteen cans per day.

Yours respectfully,

E. C. Little.
P. S. I used Stockbridge potato manure on four
rows right through the middle of the piece and after
the first of August could see a difference in their favor
and at the time of harvesting, the mangels were much
larger.

This is to certify I measured a piece of land for E.
•C. Little, on which was raised a crop of mangels, entered
for premium, and it contained 106 rods.

E. M. Emerson.

.STATEMENT OF J. HENRY NASON, BOXFORD, POTATO

CROP.

The crop on this land in 1890 was grass, about one
ton to the acre, no manure.

The crop in 1891 was sweet corn and applied ten
cords of manure to the acre. This piece of land is a
rich loam, with a subsoil of gravel ; the manure on this
piece was ploughed in about five inches deep in 1891.

In 1892 used the same amount of manure and ploughed
it in about six inches deep,

Cost of manure per acre 10 cords at $4.00,

Ploughing and harrowing.

Eight bushels seed at 75 cts. per bush.,

Planting with potato planter,

GOO lbs. phosphate applied with planter,

Cost of cultivating horse and man 1st time,

One man two days hoeing.

Cultivating with horse and man second hoeing, 1 00

Hoeing and weeding 2 men 2 days, 4 00

Cost of harvesting crop, 12 00

•140

0(r

3

OU

6

00

2

00

9

00

1

00

2

00

■if^SO 00

The number of bushels per acre of 60 lbs, each was
328, variety Early Rose and Hebron, and I commenced to
market them July 20th.

J. Henry Nason.

Essex Co., West Boxfoed, Mass., Sept. 17, 1892.

This may certify that I have this day surveyed a
potato field for J. Henry Nason of Boxford, containing
one and one-third acres (or one and 19-57 acres is the
exact measurement), from which Mr. Nason said he
had raised four hundred and thirty-eight bushels of pota-
toes this year (1892).

James H. Webster,

Surveyor,

STATEMENT OF CROP OF POTATOES RAISED BY E. C. LIT-
TLE, SUPT. OF CRYSTAL LAKE FARM.

Crop of potatoes which I enter for premium was raised
on yellow loam, quite rocky. The crop of '91 was Ensilage
corn, the land being broken up in the Spring and
manure harrowed in. In the Fall, I spread on about six
cord per acre, of coarse stable manure drawn from the city,
and ploughed it in. In the spring of '92, April 20th, I

89

gave the land a good harrowing, furrowed the land and
sprinkled in the furrows at the rate of about 900 lbs. of
Stockbridge's potato manure per acre. I started with the
intention of seeing how cheap I could raise potatoes. We
dropped them by hand about 12 inches apart, using large
seeds cut so as to leave about two eyes in a piece and one
piece in a place. We covered them with a horse-hoe and
did no hand labor on them afterwards, except one man
one half day weeding out the hills. There were two acres
in the whole. I used for seeds, Holton Rose, Beauty of
Hebron and New Queen which came from Maine. Holton
Rose and New Queen were the best. The New Queen
were on the half acre which I enter, it taking about
twelve hills to a fill a bushel. They were very large with
but very [ew small ones. The rows were three feet and a
half apart, marked with a marker. I tried an experiment
with the Hebron to plant two rows of small seed, the re-
sult was I got about half the quantity per row. I also
tried two rows with Bradley's Fertilizer. They did not do
nearly as well as with the Stockbridge.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT. JDv.

Ploughing one half acre of land, |2 50

Harrowing, 1 50

Marking and opening furrows, 75

450 lbs. of Stockbridge potato manure, 8 40

Paris green, 60

Applying the same, 2 00

Two lbs. of seed potatoes, 5 00

Dropping and covering, 1 50

3 cords of manure at 85.00, 15 00

Applying the same, 75

Cultivating and hilling seven times, 3 50

Digging and storing, 15 00

Use of land, 3 00

$59 50

90

Cr.

Ten bushels of small potatoes, $2 50

Eleven bushels medium, 4 40

230 bushels at 80 cts. 184 00

1190 90

The produce of the half acre was 251 bushels at the rate
of 502 per acre.

Yours respectfully,

E. C. Little.

This is to certify that I measured one half acre of land for
E. C. Little, on which was crop of potatoes, entered for
premium.

E. M. Emerson.

STATEMENT OF CROP OF CABBAGES, RAISED BY DANIEL A.
CARLETON, NO. ANDOVER, MASS.

The half acre of cabbage, entered by me, were raised on
a piece of run out grass land, that had had no manure for
several years. The soil was a dark shallow loam, with a
subsoil so stony, that it was impossible to turn the sod
smoothly. About twenty loads of cow manure per acre
was plowed under six inches deep, the ground harrowed
and Brunswick cabbage seed sown June 15, at the rate of
I lbs. per acre, in rows 3^ ft. apart, afterwards the plants
were thinned so as to stand li ft. apart in the rows, i ton
Cumberland phosphate per acre, was sown in the drill.
The piece was hoed three times. There are 3,750
cabbages on the half acre ; by cutting and weighing what I
consider an average lot, I find that they weigh about six
lbs. each, which would give 45,000 lbs. or 450 bbls. per
acre, allowing 100 lbs. per bbl.

91

COST PER ACRE.

Dr.

Plowing and preparing land,

18 00

Seed and sowing,

2 00

Hoeing,

15 00

Phosphate,

17 00

Manure,

60 00

Cost per acre before harvesting $102 00

VALUE OF CROP IN THE FIELD.

7500 cabbages at 4 cts. each, $300 00

Profit per acre, $198 00

I hereby certify that I have measured a field of cabbage,
entered by Daniel A. Carleton, for premium, and find it
contains one half acre.

Amos D. Carleton.

STATEMENT OF CHARLES C. BLUNT, ANDOVER, CARROT
CROP, ONE-HALF ACRE.

To the Committee on Root Crops :

The land occupied by the crop of carrots, which I enter
for premium is a light loam with a gravelly subsoil. The
crop of 1890 was grass ; the crop of 1891, cabbage,
manured at the rate of seven cords per acre after the cab-
bage crop was harvested. The land was well ploughed ten
inches deep, and in the spring barn manure was used at
the rate of six cords per acre and 500 lbs. of phosphate,
and again ploughed, harrowed, brushed and soveed the 20th
of May, in drills fifteen inches apart, using at the rate of
two pounds seed per acre, hoed by boys through twice,
weeded three times by boys, and the yield was 325 bushels
on the half acre.

92

COST OF CEOP.

Dr.

Preparation of land,

84 00

Manure, 3 cords.

18 00

Phosphate,

7 00

Hoeing, weeding and thinning,

16 00

Harvesting,

7 50

Seed and sowing.

2 25

154 75-
Cr.
By 325 bii. carrots at 50c. per bu., $162 50
Profit per acre, f 215 50

Respectfully submitted,

C. C. Blunt.

I hereby certify that I have measured a field of carrots
for C. C. Blunt, entered for premium, and find it contains
one-half acre.

S. H. Bailey.

Having measured a portion of the carrots on the piece
of C. C. Blunt, the yield is at the rate of 325 bushels on
one-half acre, of fifty-five pounds to the bushel.

S. H. Bailey.

STATEMENT OF WALTER SMITH, METHUEN, CABBAGE CROP.

The crop of 1890 was a light crop of grass, not more
than 800 per acre. The crop of 1891 was the same. There
was a crop of grass fed off this spring and the land was
ploughed the first of June, seed sown from the 18th to the
20th of June. They were manured in the hill with a mix-
ture of wool waste, night soil and horse manure, about five
cords to the acre. The crop has not all been gathered yet,
so we have measured 1 square rod, and the crop is esti-
mated from that rod.

93

COST

OF CROP.

Dr.

Ploughing,

12 00

Harrowing,

1 00

Furrowing,

50

Seed, 1-4 lb.,

1 00

Manure,

15 00

Putting in hill,

4 50

Planting,

1 50

Hoeing once,

1 50

Cultivating twice.

1 00

Harvesting,

2 50

Interest and taxes

on

land,

1 50

132 00
There was on the rod 2 1-2 barrels, or 400 barrels per
acre. I am selling at |1.00 per barrel.

Crop, Cr. $200 00

" Dr. 32 00

Profit, 1168 00

Respectfully submitted,

Walter Smith.

I certify that I measured the rod of land on which grew
the two and one-half barrels of cabbage.

John H. George.

statement of CHARLES C. BLUNT, CONCERNING CROP OF

PARSNIPS.

The land occupied by the crop of parsnips, which I en-
ter for premium, is a dark loam, with a gravelly subsoil.
The crop of 1890 was sweet corn, manured in the hill at
the rate of four cords per acre. The crop of 1891 was
squashes, manured at the rate of seven cords per acre. In
the Fall after the sauashes were harvested, the land was

94

plowed fine twelve inches deep, and in the Spring, barn
manure, at the rate of seven cords per acre, was plowed in
and six hundred lbs. phosphate used, harrowed and
brushed, and four lbs. of seed sowed on tlie 10th day of
April, and the yield was two hundred and ninety-five
(295) bushels on the one half acre. Hoed through three
times, weeding done four times, boy labor.

COST OF CROP. Dr.

Preparation of land, $4 60

Manure 3| cords, 21 00

Hoeing, weeding and thinning, 24 00

Seed and sowing, 5 00

Harvesting, 12 00

166 50
CV.
By 295 bu. parsnips at 11.00 per bu. $295 00
Profit, $228 50

Respectfully submitted,

C. C. Blunt.

This certifies that I have measured a tract of land, hav-
ing on it a crop of parsnips, owned by Charles C. Blunt,
of Andover, and entered by him for a premium, and find
it contains eighty square rods.

Samuel Thayer.

Having measured a portion of the parsnips on the above
piece, the yield is at the rate of two hundred and ninety-
five bushels on one half acre, of fifty-five lbs. to the bushel.

Samuel Thayer.

STATEMENT OF CHARLES C. BLUNT, CONCERNING CROP
OF SUMMER TURNIPS.

The crop of summer turnips which I enter for premium,.

95

is a second crop, coming after a crop of early potatoes.
The soil is the same as the other crops, light loam. The
crop of 1891 was cabbage, seven cords of manure was
used. The crop of 1892 was early potatoes, planted in the
drill, fine rotted manure with six hundred lbs. phos-
phate used in the drill, no manure or phosphate was used
for the turnip crop. After the potatoes were dug, the land
■was brushed and purple turnip seed sowed at the rate of
one lb. to the acre, on the 8th of August, in drill 14 inches
apart, hoed through once, and thinned by boys. The crop
is smooth and handsome and the yield is three hundred
and fifty (350) bushels on the half acre.

COST OF CROP.

Dr.

Preparation of land,

11 00

Seed and sowing,

1 35

Hoeing and thinning,

5 00

Harvesting,

8 00

fl5 35
Cr.
By 350 bu. turnips, at 50 cts. per bu. $175 00
Profit per acre, 159 65

This certifies that I estimate the turnips raised by C. C.
Blunt, and entered for premium, on one half acre, to be
three hundred and fifty bushels.

S. H. Bailey.

I hereby certify, that I have measured a field of turnips,
for C. C. Blunt, entered for premium, and find it contains
one half acre.

S. H. Bailey.

REPORT OP COMMITTEE ON FOREST TREES.
To the Trustees of the Essex Agricultural Society :

Your committee was called upon twice to inspect plan-
tations of trees.

96

The first visit was made on Wednesday, September
21st, to the fruit farm of Charles W. Woods. Prof. John
Robinson was joined to the committee for that day to fill
a vacancy, and ]\Iessrs. George L. Hawkes of Lynnfield,
J. Henry Hill of Amesbury, and the chairman were pres-
ent.

We met Mr. Woods at the station in Newburyport.
Your committee drove thence to Sea View Fruit Farm,
on a beautiful day, passing through one of New Eng-
land's most interesting streets, the main avenue of the old
sea-port Newburyport, with its fine mansions, both old
and new.

The out-of-door experience was a contrast to the wintry
day of our successful "Institute" at Newbury, last
spring ; but the indoor hospitality of the citizens was
continued at the end of your committee's tour of inspec-
tion.

Mr. Woods' description and personal '^opinions, which
accompany this report are commended to your attention.

We first viewed the hedge that borders the highway,
which had been injured by circumstances beyond the
owner's control, but was otherwise in fair order.

The hedge that bordered the avenue by which the
buildings are approached was in excellent order and de-
serving of praise. It was composed of arbor vitae trees
kept low. It had been judiciously planted, and well cared
for.

Beyond the buildings and bordering the road avenue,
or road, was another hedge of tall Norway spruces, kept
trimmed in on the sides, and looking^ well.

Your committee then inspected the vegetable and fruit
lands.

A lot of apple trees on the farm' are deserving of inci-
dental attention, as being in an extremely healthy condi-
tion, both as to the tree and its fruit.

We recommend that the premium for ornamental trees,
ten or more set on any street, road or farm, and cared for

97

five years, being flO, be awarded to Charles W. Woods of
Newbury for his plantation.

The second visit of your committee was made to the
farm of Mr. M. C. Andrews of Andover. The chairman
was prevented from being present and requested Mr.
French of North Andover to fill his place in inspecting
the plantation, and he, with Mx-. George L. Hawkes of
Lynnfield, represented your board.

Mr. French reported to your chairman, in substance as
follows : — that the plantings seemed a worthy attempt in
tree planting and an example which well deserves encour-
agement and recognition. The trees were planted at
various times and in several places, so it was somewhat
difficult to judge of them as a whole on account of this
and the different heighths and conditions, some of them
being much more vigorous than others.

The premium appears to be for a single variety and the
maples come under the offer of the society, so that the
premium of $520 is recommended to M. C. Andrews of
Andover, for his plantation of maple trees, not less than
three years old, and not less than 1000 trees.

Mr. French refers to those of Mr. Andrews' trees that
are on tlie roadside and raises the point that they would
have been of better appearance if those of a similar kind
had been planted together, and had the varieties not been
mixed.

Mr. Andrews has forwarded a statement which accom-
panies this report, but if he feels inclined to enlarge upon
it for publication in the " Transactions," it could not fail
to be very useful in encouraging that work, whicli has
resulted in being the most attractive feature in those local-
ities that have, throughout New England, become attrac-
tive to people who have chosen them for their homes.

Planting on our roadsides was popular among a pre-
vious generation of New Englanders, and to them we of
to-day are indebted for very much of the beauty and at-
tractiveness of localities that would otherwise have been

98

no better for homesteads than stretches of farming lands,
or pastures, unprotected by trees.

But these same farming lands, would be improved by a
judicious roadside planting. Much of such results have
started from the quiet work of agricultural and village
improvement societies.

To show what influence such societies have often, let
me state some information that I gained upon visiting large
rose glass-houses that cover a number of acres on the
other side of Boston, where the railroads do so much to
accommodate the land owners and its patrons.

I knew that formerly all the roses grown there were
shipped to New York City. I asked if the roses continued
to be sent to New York, and was informed that they now
went to Boston. Did the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society's influence tend to so cultivate and increase the
taste of Bostonians for flowers that they became a market
for what had, previously to late years, been sent else-
where, I asked. Yes, very largely so.

I want to impress upon our members the great value of
our society, in establishing good ideas by keeping in the
lead in the future as it has in the past, and in moulding
public opinion as to what is best to do and have so far as
our field of action can extend.

We shall have important measures to consider to-day,
and they demand unprejudiced, but reasonabl}^ conserva-
tive thought.

Respectfully submitted,

Francis H. Applbton, Chairman.

STATEMENT CONCERNING HEDGE OF NORWAY SPRUCE

AND ARBORVIT^, GROWN BY CHARLES W. WOODS

OF NEWBURY.

Twenty years ago I bought 1000 seedling plants im-
ported through T. C. Thurlow. They were five or six

99

inches high, and the whole bundle could have been car-
ried in an overcoat pocket. I set them out in a nursery,
and cared for them by shading and keeping clear of weeds
about three years, when they were two and one-half to
three feet high, when I planted them in the hedge rows
four feet apart, being careful to move them in a warm,
moist day in May. Care was taken in having the ground
mellow where planted, also to keep as much soil as possi-
ble on the roots and not allowing them to get the least
dry. I saved a few in the nursery to replace in the hedge
if needed, bat by exercising great care in setting have
had little trouble that way. I believe if great care is
taken in setting a hedge, or, in fact, in setting any kind of
trees there will be little difficulty in making them live.
The soil is a light loam with a thin strata of clay three
feet below. I have used no manure except wood ashes
years ago, nothing since. Used a mulch of dry leaves for
the first three or four years. After the trees met in the
rows, commenced to prune each year the last of August
or first of September, by cutting square across the top,
also the sides. I keep them about five feet high and now
they are one solid wall. About six years ago I com-
menced to let the row back of residence grow up to form^
a wind break by allowing the tops to grow but still prun-
ing the sides. They are now twenty-five feet high and
serve to break the cold northeast storms. My hedges if in
a straight line would measure one-third of a mile. Would
recommend to any one setting out a hedge to use wire for
a fence as mine was somewhat injured by keeping a board
fence too long before taking away.

Respectfully submitted,

Charles W. Woods.

STATEMENT OF M. C. ANDREWS, ANDOVER, FOREST TREES-

I enter for premium not less than 1100 maple trees,
(mostly rock), grown and transplanted on my own land.

lOO

In addition to the above I have more than 300 of difierent
varieties, viz. locust, birch, white ash, white pine, most
of which were grown and transplanted on my own farm.
Also white oak, yellow oak, locust, birch, walnut, which
I raised from the seed.

I have spruce and many other varieties which I think
are not called for in your list. All of the above named
trees are not less than three years old.

I also enter for premium more than 100 ornamental
trees, mostly by the roadside, others by the walks and
driveways on my farm. My crops on the farm this season
are very light on account of the great drought. Therefore
a little help from the good old Essex Agricultural Society
will help pay the taxes.

Yours truly,

M. C. Andrews.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SMALL FRUITS.

The Committee on Small Fruits have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they liave
made the following award :

$10. First premium, to J. Webb Barton, Danvers, for
strawberry crop.

I was requested by the secretary of the society to visit
the grounds of J. W. Barton of Danvers, and view his
crop of strawberries, which he had entered for a premium.
I went as requested and was the only one present of the
committee, at that time the crop was about one-half gath-
ered, and was quite good for a year when most fields of
strawberries in New England were very poor.

The fruit this year brought good prices, owing to a deficit
of production, which, with many growers, was almost a total
failure.

In Mr. Barton's report he makes no mention of cost of
marketing or the worth of liis labor, or the cost of the use

lOI

of high priced land, and to my mind such reports are mis-
leading. The owner's labor ought to be added to the cost
as well as the hired labor. He cites the price he received
in the city for his crop. Can any one go to market for
nothing ?

I never found any one that would market my products
and find team for the fun of doing it.

J. S. Needham, Committee.

STATEMENT OF J. WEBB BARTON, DANVERS, OF STKAW-
BEEKY CHOP.

The land had been in grass several years and at the
time of ploughing (1891) was largely June grass. The
preparation of the soil was very thorough, and before set-
ting plants, one ton of Canada ashes was harrowed in.
The rows were four feet apart and the plants 18 to 24 in-
ches apart.

The varieties were Haverland, Buboch No. 5 and Cres-
cent, with Chas. Downing as a fertilizer. There were also
a few Gaudy, Warfield, Sharpless and Belmont. On a por-
tion of the bed the plants made poor growth and also some
were killed by the white worm, larva of the June beetle.
Considerable work was done filling in tliese places in July,
and some time was also spent in placing runners. The
plants were allowed free growth. In July, 500 pounds of
ground bone was cultivated in. After the ground had
frozen the bed was covered with meadow hay. This was
removed in the spring and 950 pounds home made fertili-
zer applied, and the entire bed was weeded by hand. A
large number of plants were taken up and I allow this to
balance the first cost of plants. About ten days previous
to the first picking, the foliage began to show signs of in-
jury, and in the Warfield this proved serious enough to af-
fect the fruit both in size and quantity.

The first berries were picked June 13, and the last pick-

I02

ing for market was July 5th. Of the newer varieties I
think Haverland proved the best. Bubach is also good but
suffered more by wet weather. I should judge both would
be too soft for shipment by rail to Boston.

Warfield except for the injury of the foliage would be
profitable to raise, though poor in quality, unless left a long
time upon the vine. Gaudy is a good berry but a shy
bearer, and it is very doubtful if it has a place outside of the
home garden. Beverly, of which I had a small bed in
another part of the field, is a very beautiful berry, larg-e
size, and it promises to be very popular.

It is perhaps not out of place to say here that 1 shall
fruit the next season about eighteen varieties, most of which
are new. I will call attention to the fact that there is no
charge in the account for marketing, superintendence of
packing and interest on land.

3440 boxes strawberries, $4Q1 43

Ploughing, harrowing etc.,

Setting and trimming plants,

1 ton ashes and labor,

Work on runners, &c..

Cultivating and weeding.

Meadow hay and labor,

Weeding in 1892,

950 lbs. fertilizer,

Cutting paths, &c.,

Picking,

Net profit on crop (32,475 sq. ft.),

EATE PER ACEE.

Product 4,613 boxes, $618 60

Cost, 244 37

11

15

8

41

9

50

3

75

22

15

13

65

8

15

13

50

6

00

72

00

1182

20

279

23

Net profit, $374 23

J. Webb Barton.

lo-

This certifies that I measured the strawberry bed entered
for premium by J. Webb Barton and found it to contain
32,475 feet.

Charles H. Prestok.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON GRAIN CROPS.

The Committee on Grain Crops respectfully report that
they have awarded premiums as follows, viz. :
$10. First premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West

Newbury, for hay crop.
#10. First premium, to Henry M. Killam, West Boxford,
for corn crop.
$5. Second premium, to Charles A. Andrew, West
Boxford, for corn crop.
-ilO. First premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West New-
bury, for oat crop.
$10. First premium, to Maurice H. Connor, West New-
bury, for rye crop.
$5. Second premium, to Hartwell B. Abbott, Andover,
for rye crop.
The Committee was first called to visit the farm of Mr.
Abbott, early in July, where we saw several fields of rye
besides the one entered for premium. The field to which
our attention was called, was a splendid sight, as the grain
was then growing in the field, some of it at a height above
the reach of the Committee. We then felt quite confident
that Mr. Abbott would receive the first premium and it was
not until after considerable deliberation that we finally de.
cided to give him the second.

Mr. Abbott takes two acres and ten rods of land, and
raises at the rate of twenty-eight bushels and a fraction per
acre, while Mr. Connor raises from one acre, 32| bushels.
Had Mr. Abbott staked off a single acre, we think his
yield would have come very close to Mr. Connor's. Both
•crops were remarkably good ones; twenty bushels of rye
per acre being the amount required for a premium crop.

I04

Messrs Ordway & Son, usually give the Committee on
Grain Crops a pleasant entertainment every year. This
year we viewed the oat crop of sixty bushels per acre, and
also a good hay crop, both for quality and quantity ; at
the suggestion of the Committee, the entire crop of hay
from a field of five acres was weighed. Mr. Ordway
could have taken a single acre, within the field and shown
a greater yield per acre.

The two premiums for crops of corn, were awarded to
Messrs Killam and Andrews of Boxford, and we believe
Boxford usually receives the first premium for corn crop,
therefore Boxford must be considered the banner town for
corn raising, but we would suggest to the other towns that
it will be for their credit to take Boxford down a peg, next
year.

Daniel A. Carleton, Benj. P. Ware, Chas. B. Emerson,
Sidney F. Newman — Committee.

STATEMENT OF H. M. KILLAM, CORN CROP.

The crop of 1890 was hay, no manure used. The crop
of 1891 was also hay, no manure used.

Soil varies from dark heavy loam at the foot of the hill,
to' shallow gravelly soil on top of the hill.

Ploughed in May seven inches deep, harrowed with
"Nash sod crusher", and levelled with tooth harrow, fur-
rowed both ways, three and one half feet each way, cost
of plowing and other preparations $8.00 per acre ; 24 loads
of manure spread and plowed under •*48.00 ; six hundred
lbs. of phosphate applied in the hill $10.50.

Planted May 19th, dropped and covered by hand, six
quarts of eight rowed yellow corn, cost of seed and plant-
ing f 4.50, cultivated twice each way and kept as level as
possible, cost of cultivating and hoeing $4.50, cut up and
stooked Sept. 23rd, husked Oct. 24, cost of husking and
harvesting $12.00 ; standing in stooks over a month both

I05

stover and corn were well dried ; weight of stover on one
acre, four and one half tons at iT.OO per ton, $31.50;
weight of ears 7632 lbs., weight of corn from one hundred
lbs. of ears was 80 lbs., cobs twenty lbs., shrinking one-
fifth. Weight of shelled corn on one acre was 6105 lbs.
lOlf bushels at 75 cts. per bushel, $76.30.

COST OF CROP.

Dr.

Plowing and preparation.

$8 00

Manure,

48 00

Phosphate,

10 50

Seed and planting,

4 50

Cultivating and hoeing.

4 50

Harvesting,

12 00

Total cost,

Cr.

187 50

Stover,

$31 50

Corn,

76 30

Total,

— '.

$107 80

Profit,

20 30

Respectfully submitted,

H. M. KiLLAM.

STATEMENT OF C. K. ORD\yAY AND SON, OAT CROP.

1890, this piece was in grass.

1891, it was plowed ten inches deep and harrowed, six
cords of barnyard manure to the acre, spread broadcast,
harrowed and planted with corn.

1892, the corn hills were split with a Randall harrow,
plowed seven inches deep, harrowed and sowed to oats,
three bushels to the acre, without manure or fertilizer of
any kind. Seed, White Dutch oats of my own raising,
the soil is sandy loam.

io6

COST OF CROP.

To plowing and harrowing,

To sowing, harrowing and smoothing,

Seed oats,

Cutting with machine,

Drawing and storing,

Threshing and winnowing,

Cost of crop,

By 105 bush, of oats,
1^ tons straw,

Profit,
Sixty bushels to the acre.

Respectfully submitted,

C. K. Oedway & Son.

Dr.

$6 00

5

2 50

3 75

8 00

2 50

9 00

131 75

Cr.

$52 90

13

50

S66 40

$34 65

STATEMENT OF C. K. ORDWAY AND SON, HAY CROP.

1892, This piece of grass we enter for premium, con-
tains five acres, | of an acre of this piece was in rye last
year, the remainder of the piece has been in grass, for
four years.

The weight of the hay was 18,325 lbs. or 9 tons 325 lbs.
at *20 per ton. $183 25

Cutting and storing.

16 00

I1G8 25

Profit,

Respectfully submitted,

C. K. Ordway & Son.

STATEMENT OP HARTWELL B. ABBOTT, CROP OF EYE.

Tlie raising of rye on the farm with which I have been
connected for the last seventy-six years, can hardly be

I07

looked upon in any sense as experimental ; for I have
good reason to believe that no year has passed witliout the
raising of some acres of rye.

If I am not counted out under the " rules of the
society," I desire to say that the crop to which your atten-
tion was called has been harvested with the following re-
sults.

Straw (all sold) 8395 lbs. at 80 cents per

hundred, $67 16

58 bushels of rye (about half sold) at 90

cents per bushel, 52 '20

$57 87 per acre. $119 36

The land on which the above crop grew, measures two
acres and ten rods ; is a part of an old pasture ; in the last
twenty years has been in grass and rye, being plowed once
in six or seven years. It was dressed with twenty loads
of sood manure of thirty bushels each. Sown with one
bushel of rye, six lbs. of clear red top and twelve pounds
herds grass to acre.

Yours respectfully,

Hartwell B. Abbott.

STATEMENT OF MAITBICE H. CONNOR, RYE CEOP.

The acre of rye which I enter for premium was grown
on land that had been a strawberry bed for the past two
years ; it was well fertilized in 1890, but nothing in '91.
The soil is a dark loam, the vines were plowed under in
September with an Oliver chilled plough, that being the
only one with which I can do it successfully ; the rye was
cut with a scythe the middle of July, bundled and stocked
and left about two weeks, then hauled to the barn and
threshed and marketed. The entire crop on the acre was
32i bushels of rye and 4275 lbs, of straw.

io8

Dr.

2 bushels of rye at $1.00, $2 00

Ploughing and harrowing, S 50

Cutting and binding, 5 00

Hauling and threshing, 5 00

Marketing straw, 4 00

32i bushels of rye at 11.00,
4276 lbs. of straw at 118.00,

Expense per acre,

Profit per acre, 151 47

I hereby certify that I have measured one acre of ground
planted with rye and entered for premium by Maurice H.
Connor of West Newbury.

Moses Smith.

il9 50

Cr.

*32 50

38 47

170 97

19 50

STATEMENT OF CHARLES A. ANDREW, CORN CROP, RAISED
ON ONE ACRE OF LAND.

Cost of ploughing and harrowing,

.15 00

Cost of hoeing once,

5 00

Cost of seed and planting.

2 50

(Used two horse planters.)

Fertilizer market bone,

6 08

Harvesting,

11 00

Cultivating eight times.

4 80

$34 38

Crop of 1890, potatoes, well manured. Crop of 1891,
corn, no manure, fertilizer same as '92. Crop, fodder
7502 lbs., corn on the ear, 67G0 lbs., at 70 lbs. per bushel,

I09

equals 95 bushels, 10 lbs. The soil is a heavy black loam,
clay subsoil.

Chakles a, Andrew.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON TREADWELL FARM.

The Treadwell Farm has continued under the manage-
ment of the tenant, L. D. Stanwood, during the year, in a
very satisfactory manner to the Committee. The build-
ings and fences are in good condition ; weeds have been
kept under control, so that the general appearance of the
farm is creditable to the society. The products are about
as follows : —

35 tons hay, 225 bushels potatoes, 88 tons ensilage corn ;
53 cords of manure have been applied that was made on
the farm, from stock consisting of 15 cows, 4 heifers, 1
bull, and 2 horses. No apples or cranberries of any ac-
count were raised.

A new departure in the conduct of the farm, has been
made this year, by the building of a silo; the Committee
furnishing the material and Mr. Stanwood doing the labor
of the stone and cement work of the foundation in the cel-
lar, and part of the carpenter work. Mr. Stanwood has
been required to keep an exact account of the production
of a five acre lot of ensilage corn, and also of filling it into
the silo which is given as a part of this report ; also the
entire cost of building a first class silo.

As the use of ensilage has passed through the experi-
mental stage, and has been pronounced, after the most
thorough tests in every way, the most economical method
of providing feed for nearly all farm stock, the Committee
think that in no other way could they have done the
farming community more good than by presenting the re-
sult of this experiment, required of the tenant, showing
not only the cost of ensilage in the silo, but the cost of
building a first class silo without any unusual or forced

I lO

methods of cultivation more than any ordinary farmer
would usually take.

The lot selected was plain land with a light soil resting
on a loose gravelly subsoil, being fair corn land of easy
cultivation, but not suitable for heavy grass crop. The
corn was planted June 8th, part with Southern While corn
and part with Stowell's Evergreen, sowed with Eclipse
corn planter, and Thomas smoothing harrow was used in
cultivation, but probably not as much as would have been
profitable. The crop grew very well considering the
amount of manure used and the quality of the land. A
hard blow in August damaged it somewhat and lessened
the amount to some extent, but on the whole, gave quite a
satisfactory result, because it is what may usually be ex-
pected under ordinary conditions ; there were six cords of
barn manure applied per acre and plowed in, valued at $3
per cord at the barn. The charges on account of the crop
are as follows : —

30 cords manure, at the barn, at $3 per cord,

277 hours labor, by men, at 15 cents,

175 " " by horses, at 10 cents,

4 bushels seed corn,

1155 80

COST OF FILLING SILO.

7 men, labor 6 days, 4 hrs. at $1.50, |67 20

1 pair horses, 6 days, at $2.00, 12 00 $19 20

Total cost of 88 tons in silo, $235 00

Cost per ton of ensilage, $2 G7

Inasmuch as Mr. Stanwood had a driver for plowing and
cultivating, which with well-trained horses is unnecessary
and which took 57 A^ hours for a man at 15 cents, cost #8.62,
reducing the cost per ton $.098. This deduction would
make the cost of ensilage $2.57 per ton.

The silo was built in one bay of the barn from the cellar
bottom to the beams of the barn. It is 24 feet high, 12

^90

00

41

55

17

50

6

75

Ill

feet wide by 13 feet long, with capacity for 8X tons of ensi-
lage,, allowing 40 cubic feet per ton after settling 5 feet.
At the bottom of the silo are two feet of stone wall laid in
cement, upon which rests the frame made of 2 by 6
inch studding with girths across, and is ceiled up with sin-
gle planed and matched boarding.

Cost of lumber, $67 26

Cost of cement, 7 00

Cost of labor, 38 67

Total cost of silo, 8112 93

Respectfully submitted,

Benjamin P. Wake,

Chairman.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON MANURES.

To the Trustees of the Essex Agricultural Society.

Your Committee on manures would respectfully report
that they have received one entry, and that is from Hon,
J. J. H. Gregory, to whom they would award the second
premium of ten dollars. The question of fertilizers for
our farms is one of the greatest importance, and any ex-
periment, that will shed light on this question is certain-
ly valuable. The statement of Mr. Gregory is very in-
teresting and instructive, and we deem it worthy of
publication in the transactions.

E. A. Emerson— /or the Committee.

STATEMENT OF J. J. H. GREGORY.

To the Committee on Manures.

Gentlemen : — I have often thought that the following
experiment in the application of mineral manure was so
clear and satisfactory in its result, that it should go on
record, I therefore submit it for your consideration.

112

Six years ago I planted a piece of my hill land to
onions. It was located on the top of what is known as
Bear Hill, in the town of Middleton. The land was
naturally strong and without being springy, like most
land deposited during the ancient glacier period, never
suffers from drought even in the driest season. The
land, which had been in onions two or three years, re-
ceived a fair coating of barn manure, about eight cords,
and about 800 lbs. of onion fertilizer, composed of a
combination which yielded, (in each case soluble),
nitrogen 5, potash 9, and phosphoric 8 per cent. As the
season advanced they did about as well as Hhe average
of seasons up to the time they had attained about half
their growth of top, when it became gradually evident
that they were losing their vigor. The thrift had gone
out of them and I agreed with visiting friends, who were
expert onion growers, the crop looked badly and a fail-
ure seemed probable. I had been in the habit for the
last year or two of applying nitrate of soda, that most
stimulating of fertilizers to my onion crop, just as it had
begun to bottom, and with excellent results, but in this
instance the crop had not advanced to that stage. Ni-
trate of soda supplies but one of the three elements need-
ed for the onion, and here was a case where the plant was
in a state of general starvation, caused, as I had reason to
expect, by a deficiencj' of potash and nitrogen in the
stable manure. I inferred this because of the fact that the
crop started off well at first, which would be the effect of
the soluble elements contained in the fertilizer and when
these were exhausted any defect in the food element of the
stable manure would be sure to make itself manifest.
In accordance with this reasoning, instead of making mj
usual application of nitrate of soda only, I compounded
a complete fertilizer, containing the three elements in
their proper proportion, the same as I had used in the be-
ginning of the season. This I applied at the rate of
about eight hundred pounds to the acre, scattering it

113

broadcast over the piece, following immediately after
with the slide hoe. Within a week the results were as
striking as they were interesting, the onions began to
rally, they had evidently begun to find the new supply
of food, and from that time onward through tlie season,
they kept on a vigorous and healthy growth and instead
of being as it was, one of the poorest pieces among my
twelve acres, it became one of my very best, and at the
close of the season well fulfilled its promise by giving in
a crop of over five hundred bushels of handsome onions
to the acre. I think you will agree with me in finding
in this successful experiment a good illustration of one
characteristic of fertilizers, wherein from their very na-
ture they can be used on growing crops in a way that it
would be practically impossible to use barn manure ; and,
secondly, a demonstration that our crops may be changed
from a promise of failure into a success by an intelligent
application of an additional supply of plant food adapted
to their need.

James J. H. Gregory.

REPORT ON THE EXHIBITION OF THE ESSEX
COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Delegated by the State Board of Agriculture to attend
the seventy-first exhibition of the Essex County Agricultu-
ral Society, I arrived at Lawrence on Tuesday morning,
Sept. 22d, and readily found my way to the Fair grounds
by the street cars passing conveniently close to the exhibi-
tion, which was holden on a large and reasonably smooth
field by the border of the McFrimac, directly across which
arose great piles of buildings, resonant with the hum of
machinery ; how significantly close agriculture and manu-
factures, the glory of New England, seemed to be, and
what a train of thought was started only to be switched
off into the stock yard.

The space was ample, more than enough to accommo-

114

date all the animals and the people who desired to inspect
them. The arrangement of the pens was satisfactory, a
long row of stalls for horses ran on the right or river side,
in front, a wide space for exercising them, and then a
parallel row of pens for cattle and a few sheep, while on a
ridge conveniently far enough to be unoffensive, were the
few enclosures for swine, a dozen in number, having some
very good specimens of Chester whites and more mon-
grels. But the swine were numerous to what the sheep
were, there being but three entries. My disgust at the
small number of sheep was however changed to sympathy
for the few men who own the 650 sheep in Essex County,
and who suffer the infliction of over 10,000 dogs, and their
owners of equal number, as shown by the county treas-
urer's books.

Of the neat cattle there was a very good show, not great
in numbers, there being 57 entries, but containing some
good beasts, the Ayrshires of Mr. French, and the Hol-
steins of Mr. Russell would make a show anywhere. Some
very good cattle and steers were noticed, but as the details
of the show and the premiums have been so fully printed
in the city and county papers it is unnecessary for me to
give them in detail.

The show of horses was uncommonly good, especially of
colts, there was a good deal of handsome trotting and
driving stock, showing high breeding, and I was pleased to
notice several of those very serviceable animals, Percher-
ons and their grades. The drawing match on a gently as-
cending road a short half mile from the grounds, was
fairly tested by ox and horse teams, little shouting, and
less whipping made the trial an interesting one. The
plowing match was sharply contested, with single and
double cattle teams and with horses, on the whole more
satisfactory to the plowmen than to the plow manufac-
turers.

The show of poultry, that most important adjunct to
prosperity on a farm, was unwisely small, considering that

115

the poultry products of Essex, aside from the living birds
are over $225,000 annually.

But the glory of this Society's exhibition was in the
various halls crowded with fruits, flowers, the products of
the dairy, domestic manufactures, fancy articles and fine
arts, while in great piles arose the liberal contributions
from the mills, of woolen, cotton and mixed fabrics.
Essex County has been always celebrated for good fruit
from its first introduction by the colonists, while for vege-
tables the names of Gregory, Low, Buxton and Ware have
made it famous through the whole extent of this country.
I do not think such another display could be made in New
England except by the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society, of which these Essex men are a part, and gen-
erous contributors.

1 am fully mindful of the extraordinarily fine displays
made by the several granges and bear testimony to this
evidence of the centering of agricultural interest in this
old society.

The second day is devoted to an address, a dinner, and
subsequent oratory. The address was a very sensible dis-
course on the evils of our criminal law and its enforce-
ment, the dinner and the after speaking were about equally
good. Much sorrow was manifested at the recent death of
Dr. Loring,?always prominent and interesting at the meet-
ings of the Essex Society. Both days were exceptionally
fine, but I shuddered at the thought of what the condition
of the poor animals would have been in their unprotected
condition if there had happened a cold pitiless storm, so
likely to occur at this season of the year.

The question of a peripatetic society going from one
town to another on difi'erent years, carrying their mov-
able pens, with no protection for the. beasts against sun
and storm, would now as a mode of operation by any new
society, be both unwise and impracticable, but with this
society it is a condition, not a theory, not a question, but
an accepted fact of over seventy years duration.

ii6

The Essex County Agricultural Society was founded in
1818, and held its first exhibition at Topsfield in 1820, so
the one of this year is the seventy-first cattle show, or-
dered, conducted and maintained just as it was at Tops-
field in 1820. I do not like their custom of holding the
annual meeting on the first morning of the exhibition.
The best men should and must attend to the election of
officers and the transaction of business, and the same men
should be on the grounds looking after the stock, or ar-
ranging the hall.

This society has been largely blessed with donations
and legacies, which have been most judiciously managed,
and it is quite independent financially.

The list of its officers and orators is simply an aggrega-
tion of the names of the foremost men in the county.

The agriculture of Essex County has never, from various
palpable causes, been so influential nor so important as its
manufactures, fisheries, and commerce.

Unless by those who with some care and study have
read the early history of the settlement of Massachusetts
Bay, I do not think the strength and the importance and
the influence of the County of Essex on the state and on
the country have been generally known and appreciated.

Before 1650 more towns, important then and now, were
settled, established, and working in Essex County than in
any other of the settlements, or colonies on our coast.
Within thirty years after the first landing on Cape Ann,
and the removal to Naumkeag, eight or ten thriving towns
had been permanently settled, and stirring industries well
commenced.

While the whole country beyond a line thirty miles
from the sea-coast, except the starving, straggling settlers
at Springfield, was a wilderness, unindented by the heel
of the white man's boot, Salem, Lynn, Gloucester, Marble-
head, Ipswich, Haverhill and Rowley, were busy spinning,
weaving, fulling cloth, grinding corn, sawing lumber, tan-
ning and dressing leather, making shoes and boots, making

117

glass, making bricks, making iron from the ore, building
boats and ships from which they caught the fish, which
when cured they carried to other countries, returning with
freight for the necessities and comfort of the people.

Essex was providing for her people in the present, and
commencing the foundation of those industries which have
made her so prosperous and wealthy.

A short sketch will show some of the branches of busi-
ness and where commenced.
In 1633, a corn mill was established in Lynn, said to be

the second in the country.
1664, a tannery was planted at Ipswich.
1635, a rope walk at Salem.

1635, two shoemakers Rutland and Bridge commenced
shoemaking at Lynn ; which business largely in-
creased, many men working their farms in summer
and making shoes in winter.

1639, goat skins and hides were tanned and dressed at
Salem.

1640, a fulling mill was built at Rowley the first in this
country.

1643, ship building was commenced at Salem, and for a

hundred years the shipping of Salem dominated the

commerce of the country.
The same year it was commenced at Gloucester, four ships

being launched there that year.
The same year iron works commenced at Saugus, supplied

with bog ore.
1643, glass works were started at Salem.

The saw mill was slow of introduction here as it had
been in England where no saw mill was allowed by the
Sawyers till late in the last century ; although invent-
ed and used somewhat in German}^ the English
sawed by hand. Here some sawing was done in the
pit, but most of the plank, boards, clapboards and
shingles were rived or split and hewed; in 1631 they
were run in that part of Massachusetts adjoining Es-

ii8

sex, afterwards set off to Maine, and in Ipswich in
1640.

In the same year the General Court under the new code
granted to Joseph Jenks of Lynn, the exclusive right of
erecting mills to [be worked by water for all purposes.
This Joseph Jenks was a remarkable man, and more than
any one man gave that prominence in manufactures to
Essex County which she has maintained to the present.
He came to Lynn about 1640, probably with Mr. Winthrop,
and engaged in the manufacture of iron ; it is well said of
him that he was the Tubal Cain of New England, a won-
derful inventor and artificer, and deserves to be held in
perpetual remembrance as the first founder who worked in
brass and iron in the western world ; by his hands the first
models were made, and the first castings taken of many
domestic implements, and iron tools ; he was the first to
make hollow castings. He constructed grinding mills, saw
mills, and for iron working. He contracted with the
selectmen of Boston to build a fire engine. He made the
dies in 1653 for the new coinage of Massachusetts. He
was expert at wire drawing, but the invention of his that
comes nearest to us as farmers, was in the design and con-
struction of scythes ; the only scythe in use in England or
on the continent, was a short thick instrument like a brush
scythe ; he lengthened and lightened it, and stiffened the
back by welding on a rib of iron, and no essential change
in scythes to the present time has been made on the in-
vention of Joseph Jenks, two hundred and forty years ago.
I dwell on this man and his achievements as belonging to
the City of Lynn in the County of Essex.

In 1646 a general Market and Fair was established at
Lynn. The fisheries off the coast, carried on by boats
from Salem, Gloucester, Cape Ann, and especially Marble-
head, had become most valuable and important, and as
earl}' as 1633, so well established, on account of the great
size and goodness of the fish at " Marble Harbor," after-
wards Marblehead, that shiploads were cured, salted and

119

sent to Spain, Portugal and the West India Islands, form-
ing a large portion of the food of the Catholics on their
numerous fast days, and also furnishing a cheap diet for
the slave population.

In 1642, 300,000 dry fish were sent to market from Ips-
wich, and in 1647 Marblehead alone sold .$25,000 worth.
It was a great business and increased enormously.

These disjointed facts picked up from such historians
as Hubbard, Winthrop, Palfrey, Lewis, and various town
histories, and the old statutes, show somewhat the lead
Essex County took in manufactures and fisheries, and to
some extent display the energy, the patience, and the for-
titude of the men who first settled on and around Cape
Ann and Naumkeag.

In tracing the introduction of live stock it is not
always easy to distinguish what were brought to Salem,
Lynn, Boston and Plymouth, and very likely they were
taken from one place to another on the coast and after-
wards to the interior. One thing, however, is certain,
that Mr. Winslow in 1624 returned in the Ann on a
second voyage, and " brought three heifers and a bull,
the first beginning of any cattle of that kind in the land."

In 1628, were ordered from England by the "Lyons
Whelpe," twenty cows and bulls, ten mares and horses.

In 1623, the Dorchester Company landed live stock on
Cape Ann, and in 1625 cattle and sheep were brought,
and in 1629 one hundred and forty head of cattle and
forty goats were landed at Salem; in 1631 a cow was val-
ued at 1111.00, yoke of oxen $177.00; in 1634 Hon. John
Humphrey brought to his farm at Swampscott fifteen
heifers, at this time valued at -$75.00 each; in 1640 twenty
sheep were appraised at $35.00.

In 1629 "twelve cows, three calves, two mares and two
foles were ordered to be sold forthwith rather than to
pay their keepe all winter."

1630, at Salem, wolves killed six calves.

1631, White Angel brought cows, goats, and hogs, and
twenty-one heifers.

I20

1631, Winthrop says "arrived ships bringing along all
sorts of cattle, which with the blessing of heaven so in-
creased that within a few years, the inhabitants were
furnished not only with enough for their own use but
were able to supply other places." In 16 33,5" farmers ^^^
large stock of cattle, sheep and goats, the cattle were fed
in one drove and guarded by a man called a "hay ward."

In 1635 two Dutch schooners brought in twenty-seven
Flanders mares, sixty-three heifers and eighty-eight sheep.
Winthrop says "It was hoped that these Netherland
cattle, with the large yellow Danish cattle imported into
the Piscataqua province by Gorges some years earlier,
would increase the size of the Devon cattle brought by
the English colonists.

"The sheep, goats and swine were kept on Nahant,
which had been sold to Thomas Dexter for a sheep pas-
ture by Poquannon, or "Black Will", as he was called,
Sachem of Nahant; the settlers built a high fence of
rails put close together across the beach near Nahant,
to keep out the wolves, as those animals don't climb."
Black Will was killed in 1633, so that Nahant must, ac-
cording to the old records, have been a well stocked pas-
ture for sheep, goats and hogs, before that date.

Importations of sheep are not mentioned often, they
were few in number, and were probably darkfaced from
Sussex and Hampshire along the south coast from which
our ancestors sailed.

The large white faced sheep were mostly brought from
the Texel and other ports of Holland. Swine are seldom
noticed as being brought in, but they had bred so fast as
to become at times almost a nuisance; the colonial
statutes are full for a hundred years of restrictions on
swine, ringing, j^oking, enclosing, or shooting when do-
ing damage. It seems they were troublesome to the
fisherman, distroying the fish flakes, eating and trampling
the fish, so that in 1633 it was ordered "that any swine
coming within a quarter of a mile of the fishing stage at
"Marble Harbor," shall be forfeited to the^ owner of the

121

stage." Later, in 1658, May 19, is this queer statute,
"whereas there is a law respecting the regulating of
swine in all townships to prevent harmes done by them,
yett inasmuch as there is a necessitie of a more particular
order respecting such towns wherein great numbers of
swine are kept whereby many children are exposed to
g reat dangers of loss of life or limbe through ravenous-
ness of swine, and older persons to no small inconvenien-
ces, besides the sad consequences it may be of to the
whole country, in times of sickness through their infec-
tion, it is therefor ordered by this court and authoritie
thereof that the selectmen in the severall towns within
this jurisdiction shall henceforth have power to make
such orders in reference to swyne as may prevent all man-
ner of damage."

Goats were brought in large numbers and before sheep,
but for what use I don't understand, for I see no mention
of them for their milk, for their skins, nor for food, with
one exception, in 3638, on the arrival of some ships, the
people of Salem made a great feast for them of "hogs,
kids, venison and store of poultry." John Joselyn in one
of his voyages, 1638, says, "they were the first small
cattle they had in the country, he was counted as nobody
who had not a trip or a flock of goats." In 1651, Mr.
Edward Johnson writes of Lynn, among other things,
"their cattell exceedingly multiplied, goates which attheir
first coming in great esteeme, are now almost quite ban-
ished and now horse, kine and sheepe are most in request
with them."

These items will show the lead that Essex very early
took in the manufactures and somewhat in the agricul-
ture of the state from that time there was no census, no
continuous record of our agriculture or our manufactures
or commerce, till the very incomplete enumeration by
United States Marshal Cox in 1810. It is not till with-
in the past fifty years that any complete government
enumeration of animals, and productions of agriculture

122

or of manufactures has been made in this or any other
country.

From tlie imperfect enumeration of 1810, I have select-
ed a few of the items most prominent and interesting in
Essex. Of sheep they had 1600. Looms 1436, and
spinning wheels without number, for it must be remem-
bered that every yard of cloth of every description was
woven on a hand loom in this and every other country,
for the power loom was not invented till about that time.
Of fur hats they made annually 27,500, worth two dollars
and nine pence each. Boston-made hats were 15.10.
They tanned, curried and dressed hides and skins to the
value of $290,000.

Boots, shoes and slippers in number were 1,535,082
pairs at about 72 cents per pair, while Boston-made boots,
shoes and slippers were valued something over $5.50 per
pair. Saddlery in those days of horseback riding was
made to the amount of 121,000 in Essex.

While there is no general enumeration of agricultural
productions, we find mention of individual operations show-
ing fine crops and great success in their farming.

Of course in the conditions, as they were of the settle-
ment and subsequent progress of Essex County, much
greater activity and advance were made in the manufac-
tures than in its agriculture. Excellent crops were raised
there. Mr. Colman in his report, more than fifty years
ago, mentions crops of wheat, 32 bushels to the acre, In-
dian corn 115 and 117 bushels, potatoes 484-518 bushels,
carrots 900 bushels, onions 651 bushels ; from two acres
of land were sold $600 worth of winter squashes in 1837.

Essex may also claim one or two specialties quite fa-
mous in their day. As Mr. Colman tells us, somewhere in
the thirties a farmer of Byfield, a parish of Newbury, found
in market a pig, of uncommonly ^fine points; by careful
breeding and selection he made what is called the Byfield
breed, which extended through this couutry, and was
known in England as a superior breed at that time.

123

The Oakes Cow owned in Danvers, was a prodigy in
butter producing, her record standing unequalled for years,
down to the present records of Jerseys and Holsteins ; in
1816 she made 484^ lbs. of butter besides suckling a calf
four weeks, and having one quart of milk per day reserved
for family use.

In later years the agriculture of Essex has been well
kept up, and its methods and productions have been con-
tinuously recorded in journals and the reports of its
agricultural society, which in fullness, excellence and
completeness excel those of any of our other societies.

I append a few figures as curiosities, but from which no
very satisfactory deductions can be made.
Of sheep they had in

By the census
By assessors books

Of neat cattle in
By census
By assessors

Of horses in
By census
By assessors

Of swine in
By census
By assessors

In 1845 the tonnage of Essex County was 240,000 tons;
for 1885 the census does not give it intelligibly, but it was
in 1845 equal to all the other ports of the state.

I should be false to my sentiments of sympathy and
propriety on this occasion, and remiss in what would be
expected of me by this society if I, a man from Franklin
County, the northern third of the original county of Hamp-
shire, should in writing of, and to, men descended from

1635

about

1,600

1838

u

5,800

1845

((

4,300

1885

n

17,760

1890

(.1.

665

1845

(<

21,166

1885

u

21,153

1890

u

20,727

1845

a

5,140

1885

a

5,358

1890

a

19,773

1845

a

10,000

1885

u

5,135

1890

((

3,749

124

the "Flower of Essex," content myself with a mere passing
allusion to an event which, occurring more than two hun-
dred and fifteen years ago, created a bond of feeling be-
tween the people of these two counties, unreleased even in
this long lapse of time.

The colonists having strengthened themselves during
the thirty years of their settlement on the line of the sea
coast, determined to enlarge the bounds of their habita-
tions, and to secure wider tracts, for better cultivation, and
for more desirable pasturage. Having informed them-
selves of the character of the land in the valley of the Con-
necticut Kiver, they concluded treaties with, and made
purchases from those who claimed to be, and were ac-
knowledged as the chiefs of various Indian tribes on the
Connecticut River, covering the land from Springfield to
the Deerfield river on the north.

It is true the consideration was small to those who
bought the laud, and would seem puerile and trifling to us,
but the articles pleased and satisfied the Indians, and they
sold.

They reserved a right to hunt the forests, to fish the
rivers and streams, to cultivate some land, and to gather
the nuts and berries of the woods, thus retaining really
about all the rights they ever had or needed.

These Indians were quiet and well disposed, coming
and going and living among the settlers, and this con-
tinued for twenty years till the brave and crafty Philip
had combined all the Massachusetts Indians into a strong
bitter league of extermination against the white settlers.

This war commencing in the south-eastern part of the
colony, was soon carried into the settlements on the Con-
necticut River, and the flourishing and prosperous colonies
from Springfield to Northfield were in great peril. It was
determined to abandon the extreme frontiers of Northfield
and Deerfield, and to concentrate all at Hatfield, Hadley
and Northampton, then the strongest and ablest of the
western settlements, and which were threatened by the

125

gathering hordes of Indians, numbering at times, even into
the thousands. Accordingly it was deemed necessary, to
thoroughly provision those towns, and as a superabun-
dance of wheat had been grown and harvested on the fer-
tile meadows of Deerfield, it was ordered^^that this, amount-
ing to nearly three thousand bushels, should be sent by
wagons and carts to the beleaguered colony of Hadley for
security.

This large shipment was to be conveyed and protected
by troops from the eastern settlements, who were sent up
for that purpose, a large part of whom, under the com-
mand of Capt. Lothrop, about eighty in number, volunteers
and drafted men, mostly from the various towns of Essex
County, started on a beautiful bright morning, Sept. 18,
1675. About half of their journey had been accomplished,
when in crossing a small, sluggish stream called "Muddy
brook'' in the south part of Deerfield, these men on a mis-
sion of mercy and necessity, were suddenly ambuscaded by
hundreds of Indians who surrounded them from all sides,,
and at almost the first discharge of their arrows, and their
guns, killed almost the whole escort, who fell, tinging with
their blood the water of that little stream, giving it the bap-
tismal appellation of "Bloody brook," which it has borne
to this day; only three of the whole company escaped.
Probably no event from the settlement of the colonies to
the eventful fight at Lexington ever wrought such dismay
and sorrow in the province of Massachusetts Bay as this.
In the quaint language of the old historian "they were most
untimely cut off, their dear relations at home mourning for
them like Rachel for her children, and would not be com-
forted because they were not."

This sad affair has been celebrated in prose and in verse,
A fitting commemoration was held on the ground in Sept.
1835, when in the presence of a large assemblage of the
people of the vicinity, a neat marble shaft was dedicated
to the memory of the dead, the occasion illuminated by a
most eloquent oration by Edward Everett, delivered under

126

the shade of a magnificent tree. The unpretentious mar-
ble bears this inscription. "Erected Aug. 1838." "On
this ground Capt. Thomas Lothrop and eighty-four men
under his command including eighteen teamsters from
Deerfield, conveying stores from that town to Hadley
were ambuscaded by about 700 Indians, and the Captain
and seventy-six men slain, Sept. 18, 1G75." The soldiers
who fell were described by a cotemporary historian as a
"choice company of young men, the very flower of the
County of Essex, none of whom were ashamed to speak
with the enemy in the gate."

"And Sanguinetto tells you where the dead made the
earth wet, and turned the unwilling waters red."

I am sure you will pardon me if I quote the opening and
the closing paragraphs of the address of the silver tongued
orator of Massachusetts on this occasion.

"Gathered together in this temple not made with hands,
to commemorate an important event in the early history of
the country, let our first thoughts ascend to Him whose
heavens are spread out as a glorious canopy above our
heads. As our eyes look up to the everlasting hills which
rise before us, let us remember that in those dark and
eventful days, the hand that lifted these eternal pillars to
the clouds was the sole stay and support of our afflicted
sires. On this sacred spot where they poured out their
life blood in defence of that heritage which has de-
scended to us, we this day solemnly bring our tribute of
gratitude.

Ages shall pass away, the stately tree which over-
shadows us all shall wither and fall, and we who are now
gathered beneath it shall mingle with the honored dust we
eulogize, but "the flower of Essex" shall bloom in undying
remembrance ; and with every century, these rites of
commemoration shall be repeated as the lapse of time
shall continually develop in richer abundance the fruits of
what was done and suffered by our fathers.''

James S. Grinnell.

127

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURAL
IMPLEMENTS.

With but few exceptions the exhibit of implements at the
fair were confined to the lots exhibited by the local dealers,
but these included a large variety, and on the whole the
fair in this department was about up to the average. The
only decidedly original implement was a mowing machine,
in which each knife had an independent action, instead of,
as usual, being firmly fixed to the cross bar. A gentle-
man who had seen one of the same kind in use, stated to
the chairman, that while it worked well in heavy grass it
did but poor work where the grass was light. The Com-
mittee regret that there was no opportunity to see it in
action. There is an opportunity to improve the practical
work of our society just here; we have plows compete in
actual operation, and harrows, of late, to follow them, but
no competing meeting of rival mowers. Now while it is
always rather difficult to find leisure for leaving the farm
in haying time, yet I believe if it were known that half a
dozen or more different machines were to test their capaci-
ties in a contest with each other in some centrally located
field, many farmers, especially those who were thinking of
buying a mower, would manage to snatch a half day and be
on hand. Had such a contest been had in years past it
may be doubted whether that endless chain mower, which
was one of the striking novelties at the last Mechanics'
Fair, would ever liave been put upon the market. As the
matter now stands, farmers at our fairs, have no opportu-
nity to see mowing machines, cultivators, seed sowers,
hoes, forks, hay rakes, or hand rakes in actual use, and
have, therefore, to make their selections to a large degree
under the guidance of the exhibitor, who often times is
merely a salesman from some agricultural house, repeating
faithfully the lesson taught before sending him out, but in
reality without a particle of practical knowledge about the
implement over whose excellencies he is so eloquent. We

128

have no word of blame for the young men ; they are hired
to do certain work, to puff their machines, and they do it
faithfully, if not well. Almost any farmer could give some
illustration from his own experience of unfortunate invest-
ments made in the purchasing of implements, by reason of
having but the statements of the salesman to guide him.
I will give two that occur to me from my own. Some years
ago a fellow townsman having obtained the agency of a
new hay rake then being made, called on me. As at that
time I happened to be in great need of one, on his eloquent
setting forth of its merits, I purchased. When taken into
the field the implement proved to be utterly worthless, and
I learned soon after that the company had discontinued
the manufacture of them. A while ago a newly patented
seed planter was sent me on trial. A neighbor coming to
borrow a planter that day, I gave him the new comer. In
the course of an hour he came back with it saying it would
not work, and on writing to the firm who sent it out, I was
informed that fatal defects had been found and it had been
withdrawn from the market. Somewhat recently I pur-
chased a much lauded mowing machine, which by reason
of a defect in the planning, proved to be nearly worthless.
Coming down to the smaller tools, how difiicult, yes, al-
most impossible it is to find a rake with teeth that are
really steel, (the makers instead of steeling their rakes,
prefer to steal our money !) teeth that will not bend and
curve in all directions after a year of use. Our dung forks
are often times no better. The days of honest old Par-
tridge who made his forks so faithfully that having tines
about fifteen inches long when new, they would wear until
but four inches were left of them, and yet line as accurately
with each other as when they first came from the factory.
As I write this article I have one such by my side. Our
hand hoes, I am happy to be able to say are, as a rule,
most excellent in their composition, their design and their
make, a credit to the manufacturer and an honor to Ameri-
can mechanics. Most of the different makes are thin

129

bladed and wear without either breaking or turning up at
their edges. There are more varieties of this little but
most useful implement, than farmers in general are aware
of. It would not be a bad idea for some of our enterpris-
ing manufacturers, to gather samples of all the various
kinds in use in our vast domain and. exhibit them at that
great gathering of the nations of the earth, the Great Fair.
I believe such an exhibit would surprise even ourselves in
the amount of inventive skill and superior workmanship
invested in this little tool. I believe that many of us are
apt to use our hoes too long ; they have neither gapped on
their cutting edges, nor turned up at theirjfcorners, and at
first thought the suggestion that they should be con-
demned, strikes us as rather wasteful ; but when the cor-
ners are rounded oflFit requires more effort to cut into the
soil, and as the blade decreases in size, less earth can be
moved with it. With first class hoes, at forty cents apiece
no active farmer can afford to use one after half the area
of the blade has been worn away. Among the many
varieties in the market there are some that for specific use,
are decided improvements on the standard kind. There
are several kinds of toothed hoes, which I find valuable
when it is desirable to gather at the least outlay of strength,
the largest quantity of earth, of which the hoeing of cabbage
is a good illustration. When the weeds are of any size
these do not work as well as the common hoe. For a gen-
eral purpose implement, I prefer a long, narrow thin
bladed hoe ; its narrowness helps it to slip in and out in
places where the common hoe could not be used without
great danger to the plants. Another advantage of the
narrow blades is their utility in thinning bed crops. One
variety of the narrow hoe found in the market is thick
bladed and, as might be anticipated, is made of poor steel,
such a kind as a poor man cannot afford to take as a gift,
I find occasionally workmen who prefer white wood han-
dles, but these are easily broken and when using them the
lack of weight in such handles has to be made up by extra

I30

muscular effort on the part of the workman. In using any-
kind of hoe where twitch grass is to be encountered, it is
well to give the edge a touch on the grindstone, or fasten-
ing it in a vice, to sharpen with a file; in passing, I will
remark that it is also well to bear in mind when dealing
with twitch that a covering of three inches of earth will al-
ways smother it, and even a slighter covering will mater-
ially check its growth.

Two new implements I have used on my seed farm the
past season, with great profit and satisfaction, which has
not yet found their way into our markets. I refer to an
implement for distributing Paris green in a dry state^
directly on potato vines, without the diluting or mixing it
with plaster, water, or any other substance, so that instead
of having, as heretofore, to carry some hundreds of pounds-
of water or about half as much of plaster to protect an
acre, a pound of paris green and ten or twelve in the
weight of the implement is all our outfit. It is named
"Cyclone Insect Exterminator." The principle is that of
the old fashioned bellows, blowing the Paris green in an
almost imperceptible dust over the plants. From a pound
to a pound and a half is sufficient for an acr.e, which can
be gone over in an hour and a half. I have protected my
ten acres wholly by this means the past season without a
single leaf being injured. By the old plan of using water
as every farmer knows, at times the leaves are so badly
burned, we are left in doubt whether the bugs or the Paris
green have done us most harm. This is caused by that
portion of the arsenic that has been dissolved by the water,
(and there is always more or less of it) for the Paris green
of itself will do no harm. In practice I find I need to
caution my men to hold the machine so as to blow the dust
especially into the tops of the vines, which is the real home
of the bugs. Some farmers who have used it state that one
thorough going over, with a retouch here and there was
all they found necessary to protect their vines during the
season. My own experience is that we need to go over

131

the vines as often with this as when using water or plaster,
the saving being in the time, the cost of material, the non-
injury of the leaves and the heavy work. The price of
the machine is eight dollars. The other new implement
I have alluded to is the Hallock potato digger. I have
used "Allen's" for a number of years and a year ago tried
the "Common Sense." Both of these require to be
followed by the hoe on all lands, let them be either clear or
weedy, but this new applicant for patronage on land clear
of tops and weeds does such good work that beyond har-
rowing after it, no farther digging is needed. The pota-
toes are thrown onto a series of long, open, horizontal
rods, that follow each side of the mold board from which
they are separated from the dirt and rolled off as the dig-
ger moves along. Where the ground is weedy I find it
necessary to remove these wings, when the work done is
about the same as that by the Allen, with the advantage
of being much easier to bold; neither of these cut the pota-
toes which cannot be said of the Common Sense digger.
The machine is sold at 120.00. This is one of the class
of implements it might be wise for farmers to own in com-
pany, for a day's work with it would dig the crop raised
on the average of farms. Let me be clearly understood,
to do its work thoroughly, the land must be clear of green
tops, weeds or twitch grass ; when these abound, it will do
no better work than the Allen digger, though it is easier to
work. It is not every good plowman can succeed with the
Allen, but any man who can plow, can handle the Hallock.
The work by all the three machines I have named, as far
as opening a furrow goes, is of the same class as that done
by a double mold board plow but better, in that it has more
of a scoop to it, opening a broader and more rounded side
furrow with the advantage of throwing out the entire crop,
no matter how scattering may be the habit of any variety
in growing its tubers. All kinds of potato diggers have
this great advantage over hand digging. They do not cut
or injure a fraction of as many potatoes ; the best of them.

132

not a dozen in a day's work, while some hands using hoes
and hooks will manage to prong or otherwise mar five or
more i^er cent, of what they dig.

What better way can there be to determine the real
merits of new agricultural implements than by having
them tested by our agricultural colleges, and these results
published in the annual reports ? I believe that it would
be wise to have our patent laws so far altered that each
introducer of any new agricultural implement should be or-
dered to deposit a sample in the agricultural college of his
state. I believe that if this matter of having our colleges
test and report on the real merits of new implements were
once started manufacturers would so find it for their inter-
est that it would become the law of custom on the part of
both buyers and sellers to have the real status of every
new implement determined by such intelligent and un-
biased arbiters. We might then see "Implement Day" ap-
pear in the catalogue, when you and I and all of us might
be invited to join the budding young farmers, with their
corps of professors, to determine what improvements the
cunning hand of the inventor had been able to make in the
agricultural implements of the year.

James J. H. Gregory,
Chairman of Committee on Agricultwal Implements.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON GRAPES, PEACHES
AND ASSORTED FRUITS.

The Committee would beg leave to make the following
additional report :

On entering on our duties as judges in this department,
we found things in an unsatisfactory condition. One-
fourth of our table had been taken by a catch-penny ad-
vertising notion, about which we failed to see anything con-
nected with either agriculture, horticulture, or any of the
liberal arts, and we were forced to pile up our exhibits as

^33

b^st we could. Then when we came to arrange the plates, we
found many plates, even of the finest fruits, with an in-
definite number of specimens, when a certain number is
called for, neither more nor less. This information we
consider a very essential part of the entry clerk's duty, to
communicate to the exhibitors. Although the directions
are fully laid down in the books of the Society, many ex-
hibitors have never had a chance to read, the same. This
same difficulty has been continually encountered in other
departments, when liberty has been taken to rectify the
errors and those judges been reprimanded for work in that
direction. Having knowledge of these facts, we could only
do our best to find the exhibitors or some of their friends
and allow them to rectify apart of the mistakes. But
however good the uncorrected exhibits might be, we were
unable to award either premium or gratuity, because of
there being a greater or less number of specimens on the
plate than the rules of the Society called for. We would
suggest that the attention of all entry clerks be called to this
matter, which will give marked relief to the judges, and
satisfaction to those who exhibit.

In awarding the premiums we took into consideration
not only size, appearance and perfection, but maturity and
adaptibility to the season and climate of Essex County.

GRAPES.

If we were to take the present season as a guide we
should very much enlarge the list of grapes recommended
for cultivation in Essex Co. But neither the season of '91
or '92 is to be taken as an average. We have seen and
eaten this season some oi the finest specimens of Isabella
grapes — thoroughly ripened — that we have ever seen. Yet
we should hesitate to advise the planting of that variety
with the expectation of gathering ripe fruit oftener than
once or twice in five years. There were many fine exhibits
of Niagara, Pocklington and Concord, yet the most perfectly
ripened fruit was found in the Moore's early, Worden and

134

Lady, whicli are pretty sure to give well-ripened fruit in
the average season.

The exhibit of Black Hauaburg grapes showed what
could be done in the cold house, wliere there are no con-
veniences for artificial heat. Such results must be highly
satisfactory to the cultivators.

The peach, plum and quince, which fifteen or twenty
years ago were almost extinct, are fast coming to claim
the attention of the horticulturist, and in our opinion
should receive more attention from the Society. Within
a few years we have been privileged to eat some most ex-
cellent seedling peaches raised in Essex Co. We would
warn the raisers of peaches not to be too hasty about dis-
carding a tree because its first crop of fruit is not up to
their standard of excellence. If the tree is well cared for,
the fruit will improve, not only in size and appearance,
but quality, in each of its subsequent crops.

In the raising of peaches, the soil of America has given
it one of its most flourishing homes out of its native land.
The fruit is so highly prized in some countries that the
trees are raised as pot plants, or as in England, trained
on the buildings and fences like grapes, and they are
thankful to get the fruit for the trouble. When we con-
sider with what little trouble the trees can be raised, and
how early they come into bearing, and how readily the
surplus can be disposed of in these days of canning and.
evaporation, we wonder that more attention is not given
to their propagation. The heading in of the trees, say
from one-third to one-half of the year's growth, late in
Autumn, after the leaves have fallen, will cause the re-
maining buds to become much stronger, and aid in
prolonging the life of the tree. Many a young tree
is ruined by allowing it to overbear. A pile of coal ashes
immediatel}'" around the trunk of the tree is a good means
for preventing the work of the borer and other insects
that strive to destroy. The more wood you burn the
better will be the ashes. A light, warm, gravelly soil is
the kind in which they flourish best and live longest.

135

It has been said that " the exception establishes the
rule." We think, however, that we can give a rule which
has no exception. A jjeach yJiould always be ripened on
the tree^ a pear always off] and we are quite confident
that the rule governing the treatment of the peach is ap-
plicable to the plum as well, to which we would call
especial attention. In our book of arrangements I find
no mention made of either plums or quinces, as fruits
worthy of the notice and encouragement from the Society.
We think specific premiums should be olifered for both of
these fruits, and definite numbers designated for exhib-
ition. With the plum we must keep in mind the adapti-
bility of the fruit to our climate and length of season. In
plums the Green Gage takes the place that the Seckle
pear does in its class, at the head; not for size, but for
its pure, intrinsic worth. The Imperial Gage, a seedling
from the above, is a fruit of excellent quality, and a hardy
tree. Of some of the earlier varieties, we should class
them in about this order: Washington, Jefferson, Guii,
Yellow Egg, later followed by Bradshaw, Lombard,
Golden Esperine and Coe's Golden Drop. Of the latter
we have this year had opportunity to taste, at Lawrence,
Sept. 22 and Boston Oct. 4. The first specimen was
green throughout; the second not ripe one-half way to
the stone. Therefore we should hardly feel justified in
recommending this variety for cultivation in Essex Co.
We have been giving our trees about one quart of coarse
salt to the tree, sown broadcast under the tree in April.
Have succeeded in keeping clear of the black knot,
whether by the use of salt we cannot say, but we have
much faith in the remedy for the disease — it certainly
must be detrimental to the multitude of larvae that are
found in the soil — and its chemical action on many of the
fertilizers used is decidedly beneficial.

QUINCE.

In the crop of 1892 we have seen some of the finest,

136

largest and best ripened specimens that we have ever seen
placed on exhibition, the aroma of vv^hich carries the
middle-aged person back to the days of his childhood,
before the days of canning, not only of all manner of
fruits, but fish, flesh and fowlas vrell —when the good,
old-fashioned boiled cider apple sauce for a standard,
with a small jar of peach or quince, or perhaps a little
pure bee's honey in the comb —for special occasions — all
the handiwork of the frugal housewife, sufficed to grace
the festive board.

But now how changed! Not only have we multiplied
the varieties adapted to our climate, but the four quarters
of the earth are forced to contribute to our bill of fare.
The quince will flourish in any good garden soil, with
plenty of sun, though it appears to do best when planted
near some small water course, perhaps near the outlet of the
sink drain. Its greatest enemy is the borer, and the heap
of coal ashes about the trunk of the tree is its best pro-
tection. Soap suds will well repay the trouble for the
weekly application.

Fruits, which not many years ago were looked upon as
rare luxuries, have come to be classed as the necessities of
life. This fact is abundantly attested by the fine and con-
stant displays which meet our view on every hand as we go
about the streets. The demand is still increasing, and
when we say that ^I'e times as much fruit is used to every
thousand persons as fifteen years ago, we think the
statement beloiv the actual figure. And the general health
of the community has been much improved thereby.
Fresh, ripe fruits should be acceptable to every well-
educated stomach.

REPORT ON ESSAYS AND FARM ACCOUNTS.

The Committee on Essays and Farm Accounts respect-
fully report that their duties this year were light, as but
few papers were submitted for their consideration.

137

But one essay was offered, and no premium was
awarded.

Two excellent Reports were considered by the Com-
mittee, and to both premiums were given. Mr. J. J. H.
Gregory, for his interesting and instructive report upon
Agricultural Implements, was awarded the first premium
of f 10. Dr. J. W. Goodell's suggestive Report on Grapes,
Peaches and Assorted Fruits, as the committee determined,
entitled him to the second premium of $S.

The Committee think it would be well to stimulate our
writers on agricultural subjects in some way, so that
Essays may be more freely offered. With this end in
\'iew, as one means to be adopted, they would suggest
the propriety of offering premiums upon special topics, to
be proposed by the society. These topics might be se-
lected by the officers of the society, by a special com-
mittee, by the committee on essays, or in any way satis-
factory to the trustees.

Whether this experiment would succeed in increasing
the volume of agricultural literature for the Society's
Transactions, is of course uncertain, but it seems to be
worth trying.

Respectfully,

G. L. Streeter, Chairman.

Gilbert L. Streeter, Salem ; D. E. Safford, Ham-
ilton ; N. M. Hawkes, Lynn ; G. B. Blodgette, Row-
ley; J. M. Danforth, Lynnfield. — Committee.

REPORT OF NEW MEMBERS.

The premium awarded to the person who obtains the
largest number of new members from any city or town in
the County, up to November 1st, is this year awarded to
Francis H. Appleton, for forty-one new members.

The total uuoiber of new members to Nov. 1, 1892, was
eighty-one, including those who, by receiving awards of

138

seven dollars or upwards, became members under the rule
which deducts three dollars from each award to non-
members for membership, which membership is for life,
without assessments and entitles the member to a voice
and vote in the Society's business, and a copy of its an-
nua] publication of its transactions. The following places
furnished the new members.

Andover 5, Manchester 7,

Amesbury 1, Marblehead 1,

Beverly 10, Methuen 2,

Bradford 1, Middleton 1,

Danvers 4, Nahant 10,

Georgetown 4, Newbury port 1,
Gloucester 1, ^ Newbury 2,

Hamilton 2, North Andover 4,

Haverhill 3, Peabody 1,

Lawrence 8, Eowley 1,

Lynn 1, Salem 7,

Lynnfield 1, Saugus 1,
West Newbury 2,

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

The Society held eight Institute meetings, including one
field meeting, during the season of 1891-92 on as many
different days, forenoon and afternoon, at which the fol-
lowing subjects were opened by carefully prepared essays,
and freely discussed by any and all persons present who
cared to discuss them, viz.: —

1. "The Horse which is the Most Profitable for the
Essex County Farmer to Breed."

2. "Originating, Crossing, and Improvement of Vege-
table Seeds, and Varieties best adapted to General Cul-
ture."

3. "Manacrement of Milch Cows."

139

4. "What Benefit do Farmers derive from the State
Board of Agriculture.''

5. "Economical Milk Production."

6. "The Usefulness of the Boards of Agriculture."

7. "What the National Government is doing to per-
petuate the Salt Sea Fisheries."

8. "Fish as a Fertilizer."

9. "Sheep Husbandry."

10. "The Laws of Competition as affecting the Massa-
chusetts Farmer."

11. "Fruits." The Best Varieties and Best Methods of
Cultivation."

12. "Vegetables and how to raise them,"

13. "Utilization for Plant Food, the Wastes of the
Ocean."

14. "The Judicious Use of Manures."

15. "Field Institute."

The eightieth "Farmers' Institu1e"of the Society and
first of the season was held at Georgetown, on Tuesday,
Dec. 29, 1891, and proved to be of much interest to those
that were present, although owing to so much sickness by
"La Grippe" in that vicinity, there was a small audience
as compared with the usual meetings. President Apple-
ton occupied the chair, and in a few introductory re-
marks alluded to "the Horse" the subject for discussion ;
he said this topic had suggested itself partly from the fact
that in looking over the farm stock of Essex County, the
horse is the most valuable, an animal every one be-
comes attached to and likes to have for pleasure or work,
and according to statistics there are over 20,000 horses in
Essex County today, after which he introduced the Hon.
Charles M. Winslow, of the Vermont State Board of Agri-
culture.

Mr. Winslow expressed pleasure in meeting so many
farmers of Essex County, and spoke of the intimate con-
nection of the horse and mankind; we all have to have
them and he earnestly advocated raising them. There are

140

many breeds and every farmer should raise the breed best
adapted for the work he was to do. He spoke very highly
of the Morgans and Hambletonians as being the best all
around horses for farmers, when they did not want ex-
tremely heavy horses like the Clyde or Percheron, for slow
heavy work.

Mr. Winslow confined himself principally to the breed-
ing of the family or road horse, and would not advise try-
ing to raise trotters. The American road horse comes
from a breed originating in England, and could be traced
back to the Arab steed, just as the English thoroughbred
can; he makes the best horse for the farmer.

Mr. Winslow gave a very interesting account of the or-
iginal Morgan horse which was stolen from a British Offi-
cer and taken to Connecticut; this horse was the sire of old
Justin Morgan, which animal was taken to Vermont; Jus-
tin Morgan was used by ladies under the saddle and there
was no stronger point of his docility than this, from the
progeny. The Hambletonian is a direct descendant from
the Morgan and Messenger, and therefore I think the
Hambletonian the best i^horse for general purposes. If a
man is going to raise a colt he wants to be particular
about the mare, for one good brood mare will give better
satisfaction than a hundred that were good roadsters but
had vicious traits in their character; the mare gives char-
acter to the colt ; he spoke of ascertaining the pedigree of
the mare, and if he found several generations back there
was a balker or kicker among them he would condemn her
as a brood mare. The sire should also be of good dis-
position, he wanted a horse that had energy and life,
strength of limb, and a good mild eye. In breaking a
colt, Mr. Winslow said, he would begin as soon as it was
born by putting his arm around its neck and talking to it,
so that it would have confidence in you, and you would
have your colt broken before you knew it; he would never
load a colt heavily, and never strike him when frightened.
Colts, he thought, could be raised at a profit to sell for

141

1250. In closing he advised all to beware of the jockeys,
and do your own breaking and training, then you know
all about your horse.

Mr. Winslow answered manyquestions, among others he
thought the mare had more influence on the disposition,
and the sire more upon the gait of the colt.

Mr. Butler of Georgetown, said he found that thebreed-
ing of horses depended full as much on conditions of lo-
cality as upon quality of stock; he believed in Essex
County where you could buy horses very reasonable, he
doubted if colts could be at a profit with hay and grain at
the prices common to this locality. Other remarks were
made by several gentlemen after which the meeting ad-
journed for dinner, prepared by the Ladies Aid Society, in
the basement of the Congregational church

AFTERNOON SESSION.

There was a larger attendance in the afternoon when
President Appleton introduced Hon. Aaron Low of Es-
sex, who had a carefully prepared essay on "Originating,
Crossing and Improvement of Vegetable Seeds, and Vari-
eties best adapted to General Culture."

Mr. Low spoke from his own experience and practice as
a grower of seeds for thirty years; he alluded to the im-
portant principle in nature of reproduction, especiall}'- as
shown in the varieties of plants and vegetables. There is
no crop on which the common farmer depends so much as
on the potato, which was introduced into Europe sometime
during the latter part of the fifteenth century, but it was
a long time before the people used it as a common food.
There is no more difficult vegetable to produce new kinds
from than the potato. It is propagated by divisions or
slips of the tubers, the kinds now cultivated seldom pro-
duce any seed balls, it is then very difiicult to procure seed
intentionally crossed with choice varieties from which to
produce new ones.

Mr. Low advised the early planting of potatoes to escape

142

the ravages of the beetle and the blight upon the young
plant, and also of the higher price obtained in the market
for early potatoes ; a satisfactory plan among market
gardeners is to have every fourth row of potatoes and plant
it to squash about the 15th of June, thus utilizing the
land for two crops, and the use of fertilizer was advocated
as cheaper and better than manure.

In cabbages the speaker said it was an easy matter to
obtain new varieties by setting two varieties alongside
of each other, so that the pollen of the blossoms of one
should drop on the other ; the market gardener who se-
cures a good crop of early cabb age a week or two before
his neighbor and gets them to market, not only finds
quick sales, but at a price where he gets a handsome
profit not often produced by other vegetables. Celery
has been in great demand for the last five years and its
cultivation has been much simplified by the introduction
of new varieties. High manuring is required. The best
variety is the Golden Self Branch. Land used for early
peas, beans or sweet corn can be utilized for celery as
a second crop.

Considerable space was given to onions and much
credit to Daniel Buxton of Peabody, for perfecting the
Danvers Yellow Globe Onion, which brings a higher
price than any other.

Peas can be easily improved by crossing, which is done
by planting two varieties noted for their sweetness beside
each other and the pollen of the flowers will readily mix..

For beans. Early Champion Bush, Valentine, Golden
Wax, and Wardwell's Kidney are among the best. The
pollen is transferred by bees and it is almost impossible
to keep varieties of beans distinct even if planted some
distance apart.

Of sweet corn the early Barbauks, Early Corey, Per-
fection and Crosby were recommended, and if a fair crop
and average price the results ought to be satisfactory.

Mr. Geo. A. Rogers of North Andover, said he had

143

tried the past season to see if it were possible to raise
twenty tons of Hubbard squashes to the acre and had ob-
tained only a little more than one half that amount. In
answer to a question Mr. Low said the largest crop of
squashes, with another crop he knew of being raised, was
in Dedham, where 9 tons of squashes and 200 bushels of
potatoes had been raised on an acre.

After this a general discussion took place between Mr.
Butler of Georgetown, Mr. Parker of Groveland, Mr.
Knight of Newbury, Warren Brown of Hampton Fallsy
Mr. Rogers, and others.

The 81st Institute of this Society was held by invitation
of the Newbury Farmers' Club at Parker Hall in that town
on Friday, Jan. 15, 1892.

The subject for discussion in the forenoon was "The
Management of Milch Cows," the principal speaker at
the morning and afternoon meetings being Secretary Ses-
sions of the State Board of Agriculture. There was a
large attendance at both meetings.

President Appleton presided, and before introducing Mr.
Sessions took the opportunity to say that it was with great
pleasure that the Society met with so active a society as the
Newbury Farmers' Club in holding an Institute, and, al-
though the weather was so inclement as to oblige them to
come inside, according to tlie old maxim it was taking care
of their grass for them the coming season.

Mr. Sessions said that he did not expect that his subject
was at all new to Essex County farmers and therefore
asked the audience not to be critical.

He dwelt first on the importance of his topic here in New
England. In 1880, according to the census, there were
13,000,000 milch cows in the country, and he had no doubt
but at the present time there were 16,000,000 cows requir-
ing 60,000,000 acres of land and the labor of 700,000 men
to keep the milk supply of the country good. He said what
was needed especially for milk farming was a cow with a

144

large flow of milk of the proper standard, and he believed
the state standard should be lived up to whether right or
wrong. Then what was also needed was a cow to produce
a calf of value, well made, with good quarters, well devel-
oped in those parts from whence the beef comes, for he
believed the time was coming when the production of beef
would be profitable. It was hard to get such cows if you
depended on buying. Having got such a cow, why not per-
petuate her qualities by raising calves ? The speaker recog-
nizing the difficulty with milk farmers who asked, how
shall we raise calves if we sell our milk, advocated bringing
the calf up by hand b}^ feeding flaxseed oil meal, wheat
bran or middlings after a few weeks' old. The wheat
bran or oat meal should be stirred in boiling water so as
not to lump. Calves raised in this way were more gentle
and kind, and not half the trouble to take care of. The
speaker had raised about twenty calves a year and always
used the thermometer in every mess of feed. It should be
the aim to teach the calves to eat oil meal, bran, etc., dry
as early as possible. The dry feed increases the saliva. At
the age of three or four months they may be given a ration
of grass or rowen hay to keep them growing, and at the age
of two or three years the heifers may take their place in
the herd. In regard to pastures, if a cow has got to hunt
for food in a short pasture, it will be felt at the pail. So
green fodder should be used and it is his practice to feed it
at the barn. Cows should always be fed systematically,
giving the same rations at the same time every day. He
would sow winter rye in September for early Spring feed,
and oats or barley sowed in the spring make good feed after
the rye. Pasture grass on an old sod is as near a perfect
food for the cow as anything you can get if there is only
enough of it. It was important that a good cow should be
liberally fed, through the milking season especially. Dairy
men ought not to study how little they can keep a cow
upon. Until there is a surplus she will not secrete milk
unless at the expense of her system. The cow should be

H5

fed and milked regularly, so as to keep her in an even
frame of mind.

Mr. William Little of Newbury believed in following
mother nature with the calf, instead of studying how to
cheat the calf. If he had not milk enough for it until it
was eight or nine weeks old he would buy more and feed
it.

Remarks were made by Mr. Holt of Andover, Mr. Ware
and Mr. Bailey of Newbury, after which the meeting ad-
journed for dinner.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The afternoon meeting was called to order at half-past
one, when Mr. Sessions delivered an interesting address
upon the subject " What Benefit do the Farmers Derive
from the State Board of Agriculture."

He spoke first of agriculture as the earliest occupation
of mankind, and the calling upon which other industries
depend. Wise rulers are now beginning to realize that no
government can prosper without a thrifty agriculture. He
quoted Washington's address in 1796, in which he said it
would not be doubted with reference to the individual and
national welfare, that agriculture was of primary impor-
tance. In speaking of the work performed by the state
board, reference was made to the eflectual stamping out of
the pleuro-pneumonia in 1859 and 1860, when the state
appropriated -f 100,000, and the disease was eradicated. If
the state board had done nothing more that would have jus-
tified its establishment. Allusion was also made to the state
board for its efforts in securing- a law compelling the sale of
commercial fertilizers under a guaranteed analysis, and for
the protection of the farmer against impostors. Before the
passage of that law the selling of fertilizers was a cut-
throat business. The state board was instrumental in es-
tablishing the Agricultural College in 1862, and now the
state board are the trustees of the college, with a marked
improvement of what it was formerly. The special mis-

146

sion of the state board has been to look after the agricul-
tural societies of the state. It has not desired to act ar-
bitrarily, but for the last three years it has been tightening
its grasp on societies that had been a little lax, with a re-
sulting great improvement. The Dairy Bureau went into
effect last September and gave good promise of excellent
results.

In answer to a question Mr. Sessions said that the state
board had no control over the Cattle Commissioners, they
being an independent board.

At this time quite a lively discussion took place in
regard to some of Mr. Sessions' suggestions between Mr,
Gregory, Mr. Little, Mr. Bailey of West Newbury, E. A.
Emerson and others, after which the meeting adjourned,
after passing a vote of thanks to the Newbury Farmers'
Club.

The 82d Institute was held at Memorial Hall, Methuen,
Friday, Feb. 5th, 1892, the subject for the forenoon being
"Economical Milk Production," by Prof. James Cheese-
man, Secretary of the New England Creamery Association.

Prof. Cheeseman first considered what kinds of feed
should be provided, and said that the fodder in use is
practically the same through all of the northern states,
and the conditions of success depend more on the individ-
ual operator than on the feed. The chief feeds he men-
tioned as being corn in its various forms, cotton seed
meal and clover. Mr. Cheeseman said he considered corn
ensilage and clover as prime factors in the economic pro-
duction of milk, and would also recommend oats, but,
said the speaker, there is nothing so cheap as ensilage,
which could be raised at from $20 to 150 per acre with a
product of twenty tons to the acre. How much feed to
give the cows, and how to apportion it must be determined
by the individual feeding it ; his own experience was
from 30 to 45 lbs. per day. He next considered the breeds
of cattle, and evidently took but little stock in the Hoi-

147

steins, and said in a grade cow he would not have over
50 per cent, of Holstein blood. Milkmen must become
breeders. The number of good cows that it will pay to
feed at a profit are becoming scarcer, and tuberculosis is
on the increase in all parts of the world. He thought a
cow of about 1000 lbs. weight about the right size to keep.
He did not believe in a pure bred cow, the Jersey's milk
being too rich, but that which remains after the top is
turned off is very blue. As a cross he favored the off-
spring of a Guernsey bull and a grade cow. Its milk
product equals that of the Ayrshire in quantity, and
equals or exceeds it in quality.

He next spoke on the matter of buildings, believing
that cheaper barns could be built at a cost of not over $25
to -$30 per cow. A bad feature of the Massachusetts
barns are the leaky scuttles behind the cows, through
which too much cold air comes in winter and is very apt
to result in disease.

Returning to the subject of feed, he said that feeding
•ensilage does not affect the taste of milk as it does of but-
ter. With cows large enough to eat fifty pounds of ensil-
age a dayno bad results are noticed in the milk, and
with meal at present prices he would not use the corn
plant in any other way, although he believed in feeding
some hay with the ensilage. Cotton seed or new process
linseed oil meal at present prices, with good manurial
value he considered better than gluten meal ; gluten meal
is too dry. He gave the following as a good formula for
an economical milk feed : Ensilage, from 35 to 50 lbs. ;
clover hay, 6 to 11 lbs. ; mixed grain, composed of 15
parts cotton seed meal, 15 parts new process linseed ^ oil
meal, 20 parts ryo bran, and 50 parts middlings ; total, 7
to 10 lbs. One thing that needs remedying is the waste
of over production of milk. This should be regulated by
the dairies. The milk is needed, and can be used to good
advantage at home on the farm, either by feeding to
young stock or making butter and using the skim milk in

148

some way at a profit. As it is to-day, at certain times^
large quantities are turned into the sewers.

There was quite an animated discussion among several
gentlemen present on the subject, but no one seemed to
doubt the speaker's statement, and there was little or no
difference of opinion in the matter.

B. P. Ware expressed himself as strongly in favor of
ensilage, and also that dairymen should raise their own
cows. He also indorsed the state law that 13 per cent,
solids was not too high as a standard, and believed if
milk did not come to that standard it was through negli-
gence or poor feed.

In response to questions Mr. Cheeseman said that he
would not recommend a feed of ensilage and clover en-
tirely. He suggested that farmers could with economy
raise peas and oats to feed in place of grain when it is
high, and he also recommended the Canadian practice of
feeding a mixture of peas and oats, raised together and
ground together.

Hon. J. J. H. Gregory spoke of feeding large quantities
of squash to cows with good results. It made a good
quality of milk. He also spoke of the richness of milk
where cows had good, rich feed, and compared it to milk
from cows fed on a poor quality of food.

At the afternoon session Hon. William R. Sessions
spoke on the subject " Usefulness of the Boards of Agri-
culture," the address being substantially the same as the
one given at Newbury, but in addition to that, spoke at
some length on the advisability of a law for analyzing ni-
trogenous feed stuffs. Under such a law manufacturers
and dealers would be required to maintain a certain
standard, and the farmers could send samples to the state
chemist for analysis free of charge. Other remarks were
made by Hon, J. J. H. Gregory, James O. Parker, Esq.
and others.

The 83rd Institute was held at Plummer Hall, Salem,

149

in conjunction with the Bay State Society, Friday, Feb.
19, 1892, the subject under consideration being " What
the National Government is doing to perpetuate the Salt
Sea Fisheries. Before the speaker, Col. McDonald of the
U. S. Fish Commission, commenced on his subject. Presi-
dent Appleton invited Mayor Rantoul of Salem to make
some remarks. He welcomed the members of the Society
to Salem, in behalf of the city, and made reference to the
early fisheries of the colonies, to the symbolizing of the
codfish as the emblem of early wealth (hence the term,
codfish aristocracy), and to the great abundance of bass
fish in Bass river in the early days. President Appleton
then introduced the speaker. Col. McDonald of Washing-
ton, D. C, who said he was poorly qualified for the task
he was about to perform, but his paper showed he had
given the subject great care and thought. The inquiry,
he said, is a pertinent one, and if the work with which the
•commissioner is charged is distinctly economic in its aims
he must show results adequate to the expenditure in-
curred, or else be judged incompetent. The commission
prosecutes three different lines of work, but all contrib-
uting to one ultimate end, which is to increase the re-
sources of our waters, to render our fisheries more produc-
tive and profitable, and to improve the conditions for our
fishermen.

The speaker paid a warm tribute to Prof. Baird, assis-
tant secretary of the Smithsonian Institute, who was well-
fitted for laying out and prosecuting the desired work.

He first convinced himself that the fisheries of the New
England coast were on the decline ; he then proceeded to
see what could be done to remedy matters, but first he had
got to make himself acquainted with the life and habits of
all the species of fish in these waters.

The commission has proceeded upon the lines marked
out by Prof. Baird, to arrive at a complete life history of
all the inhabitants of the waters, to study their habits,
•determine their food, to determine their distribution and
migration.

I50

Col. McDonald illustrated the scope and purpose of the
enquiry as now conducted, by reference to three investi-
gations now in progit^^^s. First of these he named that on
the Pacific Coast by the Steamer Albatross, stationed
there in the winter of 1887-8. He next spoke of the
oyster investigation in Rhode Island, Connecticut and
New York. The oyster beds of New England and the
middle states are subject to the attacks of drills and star-
fishes, which do several thousand dollars' worth of damage
every year.

For three years the Schooner Grampus has been investi-
gating the temperature relations between the cold Labra-
dor current and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream.

In conclusion, the speaker related the successful efforts
that had been made in the artificial propagation of cod
and shad.

At this time several gentlemen in the audience com-
menced to ask questions of Col. McDonald, who answered
all, and in that wa}'" a general discussion followed until
adjournment for dinner.

AFTERNOON MEETING.

In the afternoon the subject for discussion was " Fish as
a Fertilizer," opened by William H. Bowker, well-known as
the manufacturer of Bowker's fertilizer. Mr. Bowker spoke
from a business point of view, believing in catching all the
fish you could or where you could, whether for food or fer-
tilizer. The first great by product for plant food is stable
manure, and another is bone — the latter being sold to fer-^
tilizer manufacturers or directly to the farmers. Mr.
Bowker stated that experience had proved the value of fish
as fertilizers, and quoted Prof. Trumbull as saying that tlie
Indian names of menhaden and porgie signified ''fertilizer,"
and that the Indians were accustomed to use this species,
together with herring and alewives, to enrich their corn
fields. Fish is no better source of plant food than many
other substances. It is the source of plant food because it

15^

contains nitrogen and phosphoric acid. In some sections it
has been injudiciously used, on some parts of the Cape, for
instance, tliey believe it has exhausted the soil, and doubt-
less this is so, as large quantities of oily fish ploughed in
year after year will fill the soil with fatty matter, which,
by rapid decomposition, parches, and tends to burn out, the
organic matter. But fish, properly treated, is a valuable
source of plant food, and, said the speaker, from an
economic point of view, every pound of fish waste should
be utilized, and every fish that can be caught out of the sea
taken, whether it be by hook and line, net, trawl, siene or
any other way, for it is a means of returning, in some
measure, the lost fertility that is continually pouring into
the sea. Mr. Bowker estimated that 5000 tons offish waste
are produced along this coast.

But the great source of plant food from the sea is the
menhaden or porgie, which are evidently the scavengers of
the sea, as many specimens which have been dissected
show. A ton of menhaden fish, when the oil is pressed out
and dried, to li2 per cent, moisture, contains oOO pounds of
actual plant food, worth in the market from $30 to ^32
per ton at retail. The use of these fish as a fertilizer has
brought down the price of our best commercial fertilizers
from 'if)80 to $35 and $40 per ton.

As far as can be ascertained menhaden are not to any
extent food for the food fish of the sea, so that the taking
of them in a wholesale way is not an injury to the food fish
industry in this direction. He quoted authorities, to show
that trawling, seining and netting fish by the most im-
proved methods did not materially lessen the supply, and
said that if fishermen were still obliged to resort to the old
methods, the demand would be so much greater than the
supply that few could aflbrd fi^li for food. On the other
hand he believed that increased facilities for catching fish
should be encouraged.

Mr. Ware did not agree with Mr. Bowker that the m^i-
haden are scavengers. He said he lived within ten rods of

152

the ocean, and formerly took large quantities of menhaden
for the fertilizing of his land. Now there are none come
there except in small quantities, and those at a distance.
He believed that the wholesale seining of them had killed
them off, or driven them away.

Mr. Gregory said that cod, hake and haddock are disap-
pearing rapidly from our shores. They are much dearer
than formerly, though he agreed with a statement advanced
by Mr. Bowker that a larger population and vastly increased
methods of transportation had increased the demand and
thus made them dearer. But he believed the price had in-
creased out of proportion to the population.

There were other remarks by Mr. Andrews, Mr.
Hawkes, Aaron Low and others, and at 4 o'clock the meet-
ing adjourned.

The 84th Institute was held at Beverly, Friday, Feb. 26,
1892. President Appleton occupied the chair, and after a
few brief remarks he invited the Rev. Mr. Butler of
Beverly to make some remarks, which he did in a humor-
ous strain. Among other things he said it was one of his
greatest enjoyments to tramp across the fields with his dog
and gun, and in doing so he had fallen in with and made
the acquaintance of very many farmers, whom he num-
bered among his plcasantest friends. He also spoke of his
being brought up on a farm and his father, who is well ad-
vanced in years, but still an active farmer.

President Appleton next introduced the speaker of the
morning, who was not any stranger to the farmers of Essex
County, Hon. John E. Russell of Leicester, whose subject
was "Sheep Husbandry."

Mr. Russell, in opening, spoke of his first appearance be-
fore this Institute and of his former position as Secretary
of the State Board of Agriculture. If he had held the office
for five years he said he should have considered his mission
a failure if the number of sheep kept in Massachusetts had
not been doubled, but he was, however, still pursuing his

153

mission and urging farmers to keep more sheep, although
sheep were gradually declining. The great objection,
heretofore raised by farmers against raising sheep, was the
damage bj dogs. That objection, said the speaker, no
longer exists. The laws have been so amended that the
farmer can obtain not only the full value of his sheep, but
for all the damage done to his flock.

The question now, then, is sheep husbandry profitable ?
Some farmers here in New England say we cannot keep
sheep enough to make it pay. This is a mistaken idea.
Ohio, one of the greatest sheep-raising states, only averages
33 to a flock. Michigan, another sheep-raising state, aver-
ages only 25. He considered 50 enough in a flock to obtain
the greatest profit. The one great advantage in keeping
tliem is in keeping up the fertility of our soil. Less time
and labor are required for sheep than for any other farm
stock.

In response to a question, Mr. Russell said that any of
our pasture land that had an ordinary stone wall around it
can easily be used as a sheep pasture. Posts set along the
wall, with barbed wire strung along inside just along the
iop of the wall makes a very good enclosure.

The wool from sheep always finds a ready market at
standard prices with the commission dealers of Boston,
and mutton, if well fatted, will bring satisfactory prices-
Here the speaker spoke of the price of early spring lambs.
In the month of March from $d to $13 can be obtained for
a lamb weighing from 18 to 28 lbs. For years the
speaker had averaged i 8 or $9 for his lambs right through.
To secure the best prices for lambs they should be
dropped in Jaimary or the first ten days in February.
Ewes after dropping their lambs should "be fed with shorts,
ground oats, linseed oil meal, or something to keep a good
flow of milk to fatten their lambs. There is little or no
danger in overfeeding ewes that have just dropped their
lambs. He shears his sheep in March with great success,
hnt would not recommend the plan to others where extreme
care cannot be taken of them.

154

Mr. B. P. Ware said he was induced to try the raising^
of sheep by the speaker, and he bought a hundred sheep,
but the experiment did not prove a success. Other speak-
ers were C. S. Emerton of Peabody, who keeps sheep, Mr.
Marsh of Danvers, Mr. Phillips and Mr. Whitcomb, after
which the meeting adjourned for dinner.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

In the afternoon the subject for discussion was "The
Laws of Competition as Affecting Massachusetts Farmers,"
by Charles A. Mills, Esq., of Southborough.

Mr. Mills' address was an enlargement of the idea that
the cheap and easy transportation have driven New Eng-
land farmers out of the old established methods of agricul-
ture, but the increased facilities, a growing population and
new demands upon the farmer, open avenues for a success-
ful business, and make his lot more desirable than thdt of
his forefathers.

Competition, said the speaker, is the struggle to reach
something someone else is striving for.

In farming the laws of competition are not as active as
in many other things, but just as sure.

The early history of our farmers was a struggle for exis-
tance, but in the present advanced state of agricultural
methods and improved machinery, one man can do the
work that formerly required ten. The farmer now not
only raises an ample supply for home needs, but has
plenty to export. The increased facilities for transporta-
tion have reached such a point that the speaker had heard
it said, that a bushel of corn could be brought to the farmer
in New England, from the field in Illinois, for a smaller
sum than the cost of grinding.

The New England farmer, with his increasing wants and
comforts in living, cannot compete in tliose staples of the
West, where land is fertile and cheap, and the primitive
modes of living as compared with the East. Again the
New England farmer is too easily diverted from the main
object of his calling by thinking of the by-products. Thus

155

it has ceased to be profitable to raise beef in this section of
the country, and the farmer whose object it is to produce
milk, grumbles because he can get only a very low price
for his cows from the butcher, when he should be studying
to see how to make the cow give more milk.

The speaker quoted statistics to show how competition
had effected the production of live stock in New England^
he disagreed with Mr. Russell the speaker of the morning
who had said that sheep could be profitably kept in New
England. In Massachusetts between the years 1863 and
1885 the loss of mutton raised was eighty-nine per cent.y
and beef about in the same ratio.

With cereals the tendency is the same way, though they
do not amount to so much. Their production has fallen off
forty-seven per cent, in forty years.

But the speaker did not wish to be understood as de-
claiming on the decadence of Massachusetts farming. On
the contrary, agriculture in this state is being brought into
new and more desirable limits. He didn't believe there
was a better place in the whole world than Massachusetts
to-day. The farmer's present field is to supply products
that are perishable. The demand is constantly increas-
ing. The consumption of milk, for instance, has increased
enormously. The speaker argued that it would pay better
to keep cows for milk than to raise sheep. He believed in
a cheap milk supply, and in increasing the capacity of the
cow. Civil laws have been passed for the protection of
producers and consumers. Now let the natural laws
operate for cheap production.

A better quality of butter is demanded, and this our home
farmers can supply. More fresh vegetables and fruit miglit
be raised to good advantage, and very profitable increases
are noted, particularly in regard to cranberries and straw-
berries. The demand for eggs and poultry is also con-
stantly on the increase, and so is the production at good
prices.

Competition means with the Massachusetts farmer a

156

wise choice in regard to the branches he shall pursue, and
intelligent direction of his labors. It puts a premium upon
energy, pluck and thrift. It makes the farmer a specialist,
and puts the stamp of his individuality upon his product.

The 85th Institute, and sixth of the season, was held in
Odd Fellows' Hall, No. Andover, Friday, March 4, 1892,
the subject for the morning being " Fruits; the Best Varie-
ties and the Best Methods of Cultivation," the speaker
being Mr. J. H. Hale of South Glastonbury, Conn.

Mr. Hale is a practical fruit grower, and in company with
his brother, owns one of the best, if not the best fruit farms
in Connecticut. Mr. tiale was born on a New England
farm, and necessity compelled him to stay there until he be-
came of age, when as U. S. census agent in the last census,
he had a chance to travel all over the United States, after
which he returned to New England, where he was glad to
make it his liome, and considers it the most desirable place
in the country for a young man to make his home. In his
travels he has noticed that horticulture is drifting into
specialties. Formerly Delaware and New Jersey were the
peach-producing states, but extensive orchards are now be-
ing set in Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky and Southern
Missouri. Pears, peaches and grapes are being extensive-
ly planted in Colorado, apples in Missouri, and prunes In
Oregon. California produces immense quantities of fruits
which can be dried and shipped East.

Certain climatic conditions, however, enable New Eng-
land to produce better fruit than can be grown anywhere
else in the United States. Speaking of the apple, he said
that he believed the difficulty with our New England far-
mers was that they didn't cultivate it on a sufficiently large
scale.

Our apple trees are stimulated for a year or two, and
then allowed to go back. There is not sufficient care taken
of them to make .them profitable. Letting pruning go back
for a time, and then almost murdering the tree, and seldom
if ever spraying them, did not inure to possible great pro-

157

fits. There is not much money in apples at 75 cents or $\
per barrel, but New England wants more apples and l)etter
apples, for which the people will pay a price that will make
them profitable. In the way of small fruits there is a won-
derful opening. He knew that sometimes, when the prices
were low, as they often were with strawberries, it was dis-
couraging, but that is witli cheap berries. He himself had
no trouble with good fruit. The danger of raising small
fruits is the using of too much stable manure. He hinaself
had done better with commercial fertilizers rich in potash
and phosphoric acid. If there is a great use of stable
manure we get a soft berry.

In his peach ventures he began about twenty years ago.
New England is rather out of the peach belt — not below,
but above it — but he had found by observation that on liigh
elevations, exposed ground, he was apt to get more peaches
than in the hollows and around the buildings. He kept
stable manure away from the trees, but used potash, which
made the tree grow more slowly, but harder wood, firmer
and wonderfully productive. Winter killing is the one bad
thing for peach raisers to face. He had found that in
trimming for shape of his trees he sacrificed their fruit by
cutting off here and there a bud. Now he trims for fruit
instead of looks, and has the most outlandish looking set of
trees to be found anywhere, but they all bear largely. Mr.
Hale saitl " thirty-five acres in 1889 gave us $28,000 from
our peach trees."

He advised to plant a few trees every year ; make it a
rule to do it, and choose only the hardiest. We cannot ob-
tain hardly two crops in five years, but one in four years is
practically sure, and with some varieties a crop every year,
and when you get your fruit to market you will find some-
thing to learn there. Put your fruit in good, new, clean,
white boxes, never use boxes for fruit of. any kind after
they are colored, and regular travellers on the road. In
good, clean, white boxes the fruit will bring enough more
to pay for the boxes.

158

After this a very interesting discussion began and kept
up until time to adjourn for dinner.

AFTERNOON MEETING.

On re-assembling after dinner the Hon. J. J. H. Gregory
of Marblehead gave a very interesting address on '■* Vege-
tables, and how to raise them."

He said at the outset that an intelligent presentation of
his subject involved location, manuring and preparation of
the spil. Whether a man was a market farmer or a mar-
ket gardener depended upon his distance from market.
In either case he must reach it at least once a day, and a
market gardener must reach it twice a day to get his
prices.

The market gardeners raise but bed stuff largely — let-
tuce, radishes, cucumbers, melons, spinach, anything that
can be started under glass, whereas the market farmer
raises pickles, cabbages, squashes, onions, with peas, sweet
corn and most anything that will sell, and recognizing
that it is the early bird that catches the worm, he would
choose the early varieties. The first thing to be consid-
ered is the character of the soil and what crops are adapted
to certain kinds of soil. For instance, for early crops we
want early soil. All vines, peas, beans, want warm, early
land. Cabbages and beets want cool land. The manur-
ing of the soil depends on the character of the land. The
first crop coming naturally is beans. Not much nitrogen
is wanted for the pea or bean crop. Good manuring is
required, but the nitrogen might be left out. Bone is a
very good fertilizer for them. The manure does best har-
rowed in. He earnestly advocated working the land well.

Speaking of squashes, he said that a great mistake is
that they must be raised in the midst of a great heap of
manure. He furrowed out his 9x9 both ways ; put in a
forkful of manure and pressed it with his foot. Squash
roots were wonderful things and exceedingly fine ; the
roots of a squash vine, it is estimated, will reach fifteen

159

miles. Plaster is best for squashes, but not air-slacked
lime. There is no such thing as male and female
squashes, but male and female blossoms. The male is the
large, straight blossom coming directly up from the root,
while the female blossom is smaller and comes along on
the vine.

Speaking generally of manures he said he would spread
broadcast with most crops and harrow in. If plants are
manured too heavily they will run to vine too much and
be less productive.

Mr. Gregory described the several kinds of peas and
beans, and what kinds of plant food they require. For
beets, he said a good deal of potash was required. If the
farmer has any ashes he will find it an excellent fertilizer
for that crop. Carrots want high and very liberal manur-
ing. He would put on eight to ten cords to the acre. Tom-
atoes want good manuring, muriate of potash, and nitrate
of soda is good for them. Corn is also one of the best early
crops. It should be planted in drills. Put in six cords of
good, fair manure and five hundred pounds of fertilizer.

The early cabbages should be started in hot beds. The
secret of success is in getting those which had been hard-
ened olf. For manure he would use ashes in the fall, 100
bushels to the acre, and about eight cords of manure to the
acre in the spring.

For potatoes, Mr. Gregory endorsed the French system
of planting, making a deep furrow, then putting in fertil-
izer, placing over that a layer of earth, then dropping the
potatoes and covering them over.

Onions are a great crop, but it' is a make or break crop.
Put in from ten to twelve cords of fish manure. He had
used fifteen cords, ten cords good weight manure, well
rotted down, that has more fish in it than any other ele-
ments would perhaps answer. What is wanted is six per
cent, nitrogen, six per cent, potash, and six percent, phos-
phoric acid. The farmer should build up his manure for
each special crop by studying results : then begin to fight

i6o

the weeds before you can see them, said the speaker : if you
wait until you see them you are a little too late.

The closing indoor Institute was lield in Abbot Hall,
Marblehead, Friday, March 26,1892. President Apple-
ton occupied his usual place in the chair.

The Institute was the first one ever held in Marblehead,
and during the morning, Mr. Gregory showed the visitors
many places of interest and related such legends and rem-
iniscences as were of interest to them.

The subject for the forenoon was "Utilization for Plant
Food the Wastes of the Ocean" by Hon. J. J. H. Gregory,

Mr. Gregory commenced by considering the geological
construction of the bed of the sea and the shores. The
plant growth at the bottom of the sea, were the truth
known, said the speaker, would be found to exceed that
of the land. Mr. Gregory exhibited to the audience
specimens of sea kelp, rockweed and other marine vegeta-
tion, redolent of the sea. Sea vegetation, said the speaker,
requires plant food the same as land plants. In the ocean,
as upon the land, the different forms of life are dependent
upon each other. Thus the cod fish is found in abundance
only where there is plenty of kelp. It is often remarked
that the sewerage that empties into the ocean from our large
cities is wasted. That is not so. It fertilizes marine
plants, the strong currents carry it away and distribute it
along the bed of the ocean. The speaker believed rock-
weed much more abundant now than formerly, on account
of the sewerage. Sewerage might, perhaps, be used ta
better advantage on the laiid, but it is not wasted in the sea.
Next we come to Fish ; leaving out all consideration as a
food supply. Fish skins and heads are now used exten-
sively in the manufacture of isinglass and glue. The skins
of the seal and porpoise are used largely for leather. The
speaker expressed his regret that Dog fish, which at cer-
tain seasons are very abundant, cannot be better utilized
for fertilizer, they are so muscular that acids do not readily

i6i

work upon them, and the only way in which they can be
used to advantage is by composting them with manures.
He next spoke of Halibut chum. This consists of the
head of the fish pressed dry into cakes. It is rich in phos-
phoric acid, and is worth $30 per ton by analysis. Fish
skins and porgies were next considered. The skins are
rich in phosphoric acid and so are fish bones. These fer-
tilizers are excellent for onions, cabbages and peas, but not
good for squashes, cucumbers and the like. He did not
think much of mussel bed mud. By analysis its value is
one third that of barn manure. In former days all fish
wastes were thrown away and anyone could have them by
calling for them, but that is all changed now, everything is
utilized one way or another. Complaint is sometimes
made that the continual application of fish wears out the
land, but it wouldn't if farmers would make a complete
fertilizer. In itself it is not well balanced, but needs more
potash. Halibut chum is the best balanced. Kelp is rich
in potash, a constituent in which the sea animals are de-
ficient. Rockweed is richer than kelp, and weight for
weight is twice as rich in nitrogen.

Farmers may smile at the idea of sand as a fertilizer.
It is of the same constituency as our native rocks, rich in
potash ; when mixed with dark rich soil the carbolic acid
of the soil sets free the potash in tlie sand, and it becomes
a valuable fertilizer. Salt has no value in itself, as a
manure, but like plaster it sets free the plant foods in the
soil. The black mud of the marshes is composed of de-
cayed vegetable matter, the same as the prairies, except
that it is salt.

Dinner was served by the woman's relief corps in Odd
Fellows' Hall and in the afternoon, Prof. Wm. E. Brooks,
of Amherst Agricultural College, spoke on the " Judicious
Use of Manures."

Prof. Brooks had strung across the stage a series of
tables illustrating experiments to which he referred. He
gave the results of analysis of cellar manure from the well

l62

fed cows at the Agricultural College, which is materially
above the specimens found in the average barn cellar, of
which he had examined many. Prof. Brooks believed in
applying manure to the land fresh. Many elements of
value in it are otherwise lost in the course of a year, the
action of the frost, snow and rain on it in the field is ben-
eficial. It should be spread as soon as hauled on to the
ground and not left in piles during the winter. He be-
lieves it pays to use commercial fertilizers with manure,
and did not believe it true that fertilizers ruin the land
if their use is persisted in intelligently.

One ton of English hay contains $6 worth of plant food.
One ton of Clover hay contains $9 worth of plant food.
Fifty bushels of corn with stover contains -$15 worth. One
hundred bushels of potatoes contains -fS worth, but we
have to use very much more than those values to obtain
the crops named. As a rule only a very small per cent,
of the plant food supplied is shown in the crops. Where
does the surplus go to ? That is the question. Here the
speaker explained the charts that showed the results of his
experiments. He said that fertilizers for corn should
be far richer in potash than that generally used. Too
much Superphosphates have been used.

Dry ground fish and muriate of potash make the best
top dressing for grass land. Potash by all means is the
best fertilizer for clover. Experiments with potatoes
showed that potash increased the crops much more than
phosphoric acid or nitrogen. Commercial fertilizers con-
tain a much smaller percentage of potash than is needed.
He was not prepared to give a formula for potatoes.

In answer to a question about scab potatoes, Prof. Brooks
quoted Prof. Bonner of Colorado, as having decided as a
result of experiments that the scab was the result of a para-
site growth in the cells which formed the scab and spread.

For Oats with mixed grass and clover seeds, experiments
seemed to indicate that it would pay to use a little nitrate
of soda, but not phosphoric acid nor muriate of Potash.

i63

He highly recommended clover as a fertilizer. Clover ob-
tains its nitrogen from the air, and nitrogen costs more
than any other ingredient in the fertilizer. The clover
may be used to good advantage by plowing it in, but it is
a better plan to feed it to the animals and apply it in the
form of manure.

Nitrogen is soon lost after applying to the soil, but that
is not the case with phosphoric acid and potash. Nitrogen
should be fed out slowly and as it is needed.

In conclusion, he advised farmers to buy ingredients for
mixing with commercial fertilizers, varying the proportions
for different crops. For corn, use more potash, he pre-
ferring muriate of potash. For potatoes use more sul-
phate of potash. For grains use a little nitrate of soda,
except on very rich land. For clover use potash. In ap-
plying fertilizers generally use phosphoric acid abundantly,
but dole out nitroofen as needed.

A FIELD INSTITUTE

Was held at the Asylum Farm in Danvers, Tuesday, April
19th. There was not so large a display of Implements as
is sometimes the case, but very creditable exhibits were
shown by Henry Newhall & Co. of Danvers, and Whit-
comb & Carter of Beverly. The interested spectators, of
which there were many, saw the different Implements test-
ed and could be their own judge of what kind suited their
own individual preferences. The Asylum barn drew the
attention of many interested farmers. It is a model struc-
ture and Dr. Charles W. Page, the superintendent, took
good care to answer all the inquries made in regard to
the different methods of feeding, watering the stock, etc.,
and the examination^of the silos in the barn was another
interesting feature for some.

The barn is light and airy, plastered wherever it is of
any use to make it warm, but well ventilated so that the

164

air is pure and sweet all the time. The cows are nearly
all grade Holsteins, aud the barn will accommodate about
120 head. The cows are tied in comfortable stanchions
that allow considerable scope for moving about, and are
watered twice a day from shallow troughs in front of the
stanchions, about 400 tons ensilage and 150 tons of hay
are required to keep the stock at this farm. The piggery
was another source of attraction, and the visitors bought
quite a large number to be sent to their homes before
leaving. Taken as a whole it was the most interesting
field meeting the society has held for many years.

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CROPS AS FOOD
FOR CATTLE.

BY DK, CHAS. W. PAGE, SUPT. ASYLUM FARM, DANVERS.

Again your committee has to report, as in past years, that
no one has presented a statement embodying his experience
in testing the comparative value of different crops as food
for cattle.

It appears that the farmers of Essex County do not study
this question by practical tests, or they do not care to tab-
ulate and make public the results they obtain.

If the first clause of this supposition is true, it is some-
what surprising, since a solution of the questions involved,
which can be reached in no other way, is of great pecuniary
intererst to every farmer in the county. And besides, the
gratuity at the disposal of the committee, although a hand-
some reward in this connection, represents but a fraction of
the ultimate gain which each man may surely expect as the
outcome of intelligent experiments in this line of progress.

Perhaps the second clause of the supposition conveys the
truth in this case.

It is more than possible that the average farmer dreads
the extra care and labor necessary to keep an accurate ac-

count of all his farm operations ; and yet it is the pains
taken, the careful thinking which such records promote, and
the common sense, based upon such personal experience,
which enable him to increase the productiveness of his farm
and better his financial condition.

The sooner farmers adopt a system of records by the aid
of which they can compare the money value of different crops
and one year's results with those of another, the sooner will
their farm work become more interesting and more profit-
able.

By efforts in this direction farmers can increase the dig-
nity of their calling and raise it to a higher level in the scale
of commercial enterprises.

Success in any business demands frequent readjustments,
and careful auditing of accounts is absolutely essential.
What business man would not, sooner or later, find himself
a financial wreck if he wholly neglected his bookkeeping ?

Manufacturing, commerce, and merchandizing are ex-
ceedingly sensitive to altered conditions of transportation,
labor-saving devices, competition, tariff, etc., and well posted
managers promptly relinquish unprofitable methods, grasp
new lines of activity, and project new ventures.

Agricultural methods are less flexible, less easily diverted
from old fashioned ways for the reason, principally, that
farmers do not keep day book and ledger accounts with their
farming operations.

Because the laws of nature with regard to vegetation are
undeviating, New England farmers have relied too much
upon hereditary methods of farm management, and have con-
cluded too readily that farming cannot pay, because their own
methods have been disappointing. And yet, if farmers will
adapt their operations to the enormous changes which farm-
ing as well as business in general, has undergone within
forty years, they will find there is no limit to the wealth
which can be taken from mother earth in old Massachusetts.

New and intelligent methods must be put into farm work.
Each farmer should test new plans and promising expe-

1 66

dients, until he discovers which ones are suited to his soil,
his markets, or his tastes.

It is unnecessary to commence on a hroad scale. Let
each man select the experiments which interest him most,
which give greatest promise to meet his wants, and pro-
ceeding cautiously, record every step in the operation.

The report of your committee for 1891 was an argument
in favor of corn as the most profitable crop for feeding
cattle.

As the committee for 1892 entertain the same views con-
cerning the value of the corn crop, and would not inten-
tionally thrash old straw — and especially straw which has
been so well thrashed by Mr. Butler — it is thought best to
supplement last year's report with an account of a practical
experiment in feeding milch cows with corn ensilage at
the Danvers Lunatic Hospital farm.

650 quarts of milk are required each day for use in the
hospital. Previous to 1892, a part only of this necessary
quantity of milk had been produced on the hospital farm.
The amount purchased from outside parties for the six years
immediately preceeding, cost the hospital more than
$20,000.00.

About one year ago a new cow stable was erected, and
since its completion, forty additional cows have been pur-
chased for the herd.

Upon a farm which had previously supplied barely enough
hay for eleven horses and sixty cattle, active measures had
to be adopted to provide for the present stock which con-
sists of thirteen horses and 120 cattle, including young stock.

In May, 1891, seventeen acres were planted with ensilage
corn. From these fields 440 tons were cut and stored in
the following September.

With that ensilage the stock has been easily carried to
the present time ; all the milk used in the hospital since
January, 1892, and nearly all that has been required since
October 1st, 1891, has been made on the farm, while the
cost of grain and meal consumed by the stock for the year

i6y

was less than the average yearly cost for the preceding six
years.

The system of feeding was as follows, viz. : Twice a day
throughout the year the cows were fed three quarts of the
following mixture, viz. : shorts 150 lbs., corn meal 100 lbs.,
cotton seed meal 50 lbs.

Through the summer of 1891 the whole herd ran in the
pasture. In August, each cow was given about four lbs.
of hay once a day. From the 20th of October, 1891, all
the milch cows have been wholly fed in the barn. At first
they were given about six lbs. of hay twice a day, and green,
— second crop, — grass once a day.

On the 11th day of November, 1891, a silo was opened,
and for more than six months the cows had the following
for a steady diet, viz. : fifteen lbs. ensilage night and morn-
ing, with about five lbs. hay at noon. For several months,
beginning in December, the stock received one-half of a cart
load of mangel wurzels, or turnips. In this way 72 tons
of mangels and 300 bushels of turnips were fed.

There was no deviation from the above bill of fare until
the 20th of May, when green winter rye was substituted
for ensilage at night. In less tlian a month the rye was
used up, and as there was no early clover on the farm,
green grass was fed at night.

About the middle of July the supply of ensilage was ex-
hausted. It had kept perfectly, undergoing no deterior-
ation during the warm weather. The last portions were
just as sweet as those fed earlier, and were just as greedily
eaten by the cows.

For a month green oats, with an occasional change to
freshly cut grass, was given night and morning. After that
for one week new hay was given three times a day.

After the 25th of August, second crop clover was fed night
and morning for five or six weeks, and subsequently pease
and barley, with an occasional load of second crop grass.

In all, about 175 tons of green fodder has been given since
the ensilage was gone.

1 68

The cows have had dry hay daily at noon, through the
year. They have been watered twice a day in the stable,
which is well ventilated, but warm. At no time last winter
did the temperature fall below 40 degrees in the cow stable*

The health of the herd has been remarkably good, and
the general condition, flesh, looks, &c., has been excellent.

At every milking the quantity given by each cow was
weighed separately and recorded on the daily milk chart.
At the end of the month the whole amount and the daily
average given by each cow was figured out, and reduced to
quarts by allowing 2.15 lbs. to the quart. These monthly
summaries have been grouped to cover the hospital year,
and in that table the yearly product of each cow and her
daily average for the whole year, 365 days, are given.

The daily record demonstrates a number of interesting
points, a few of which may be stated here.

It shows that the quantity of milk is reduced whenever
cows are subjected to change or excitement.

In very cold weather they were turned into the yards
about once a week only, and each time they went out, there
was an immediate shrinking of several cows' milk, for a
day or two following. The most abundant flow of milk
came when the cows were fed on new diy hay three times a
day. This hay was cut in June from turf upon which a
commercial lawn fertilizer had been spread the season be-
fore, and contained considerable red and white clover.

Aside from this exceptional instance, there was an imme-
diate shrinking of milk whenever the daily rations were
changed, but usually the loss was made up within a few
days.

With none of the green stuff, winter rye, oats, pease and
barley, green grass, and green clover, was the milk more
abundant, or better in quality, so far as practical use could
determine, than when the ensilage was being fed.

In our experience, there are many points of advantage in
favor of corn ensilage as food for milch cows ; such as the
low cost per ton ; the certainty with which advance esti-

4— First cow bearing the No.
B, etc.,— Changes.

DANVERS HOSPITAL FARM.
AMOUNT OF MILK PRODUCED BY FORTY-FIVE COWS FROM OCTOBER i, 1891 TO SEPTEMBER 30.

DECEMBER.

FEBRUARY.

Holstein
KolsteiD

Holstein

Durham
HolgteiD

217

288
271

67
48

289

23

318. S3

230,43

2

63

8

J7

5

92
35

78
66

5

72

\

90

11

S

8

7
9

20

91
62

33

403

60

289

41
240

346
282

53

14
12

!!'

94

266
239
361

33

88
33

8
10

«

28
75

97
72

s

88

9

10
8

12

18
08

47e.23
374.36

73-05

236 80
115-44

8-87 258. 2C

18.14

370-58
U319-68

s

s

7
12

6}

16
8

83
37

..«

22

6

69

275
260

23

211

63

146
228

29

64
23

64
81

193
282

95
44

264.01
475.46

420.00

16

44
84

'f

i

7
9

68
38

83

1

f?

243-60
466 23

445.35

24L97

463-84

379-18
337.56

11023.00

54.24
241.28

Total quarts for year, 123,119.05. Daily Average for year, 337.31 quarts. Daily average per cow for year, 9.20 quarts. Average number of cows milked daily for year, 36.66.

169

mates can be made as to the amount required, and the num-
ber of acres to be planted ; the facility with which a large
quantity can be grown and harvested ; the limited space re-
quired for housing ; the ease with which exact feeding can
be regulated, and the relish with which it is eaten by the
stock for long periods.

Our tests of corn ensilage, which, if properly secured and
stored, will never disappoint reasonable expectations, go to
support Mr. Butler's conclusion that " Corn is king, even
in Essex County."

The record of 45 cows, all that were on the farm for the
whole year, is herewith respectfully submitted, to be dis-
posed of as deemed best by the society. The daily record
for the whole herd made a still better showing, since quite
a number of good cows have been purchased , within the
year, and some were disposed of when the daily yield be-
came low. This record, with report on ensilage, &c., is
not offered in competition for the prize offered by the soci-
ety, because of so many changes in the herd, and because
the crop report did not cover points enough to place the
experiment on a scientific basis.

In classifying according to blood, the prevailing strain is
given. Only 4 or 5 of the whole number are pure bred
animals, but with pure blood, registered, Holstein and Ayr-
shire bulls in our stock, and our complete mil-k records for
each cow, we hope for success in breeding a herd of extra
ffood milch cows in the future.

IN MEMORIAM.

In obtaining the names of members of the society de-
ceased, a list of members was sent to the Trustee in each
town and city for revision, requesting date of death and
age of each member deceased, with brief notice of each in
printing or writing, from which ;ind from others, the fol-
lowing has been compiled by your committee : —

170

Moses B. Abbott, of Andover, died December 30, 1891,
aged 49 years and 25 da3^s. He was a soldier in the late
war. He was a very genial companion and a good neigh-
bor, a good farmer and an expert in raising good vegetables,
for which he fcund a ready market.

George F. Mason, died in Andover, May 5, 1892, aged
52 years and 7 months. He was a thrifty farmer, and was
a frequent exhibitor at the annual Fairs.

Branch G. Gutterson, of Andover, died suddenly at
his home, January 11, 1892, aged 72 years and 6 months.
He was born in Truro, N. S. He came to Methuen, Mass.,
and engaged in the shoe business. A few years ago he re-
moved to Andover, and engaged in farming, which he fol-
lowed until his death. He was a very worthy and upright
citizen.

Joseph S. Holt, died in Andover, November 4, 1892,
aged 84 years and 8 months. Mr. Holt was one of the old-
est members of the Society, always taking great interest in
the transactions of the Society. When a young man he
was engaged in farming, in which he took great pleasure,
experimenting with different crops. Owing to poor health
he removed to New York City, and was in the employ of
the American Bible Society for more than forty years. A
few years since he returned to spend his remaining years at
his old home in Andover, which he so much loved.

Jonathan H. Osborne, of Amesbury, who became a
member of this Society in 1886, died April 1st, 1890, aged
69 years. He was born in Weare, N. H., but in early life
he came to Amesbury. Although the greater part of his
active life was engaged in carpentering and in the carriage
industry, he ever looked forward to the time when agricul-
ture should claim his whole attention. That time had ar-
rived. He was just ready to enjoy the fruits of his labor,
when he was stricken with la grippe, which caused his

death. He had served the town several terms as select-
man, was a charter member of Amesbury Grange and its
first Master, and was also President of the Amesbury and
Salisbury Agricultural Society.

Olivee p. Killam, of Boxford, died April 30, 1892. He
was born in Boxford, August 29, 1819, and has always made
his home in that town. Mr. Killam was a man highly
respected by his neighbors and townspeople, as a straight-
forward, plain, practical man. He was of the true type of
the best New England citizenship. He was for several
years Selectmen of Boxford, a member of the Legislature,
and filled every ofiice of responsibility and trust which
needed sound judgment, to the entire satisfaction of his
townspeople. For many years he was a member of this So-
ciety, and for several years was one of the Trustees, in
which he took a great interest, and many premiums have
been awarded him for the excellent products of his farm.
His life was characterized by good works, and many in the
community will remember him as one who gave modestly
and generously to any worthy cause.

Samuel Longfellow, died in Groveland, June 3, 1892.
He was born on Newbury Highlands in 1808, and bought
his farm in this town in 1869. Mr. Longfellow was a suc-
cessful farmer, making it his life work. He was the orig-
inator of the Longfellow corn, now so widely known, and
has been a member of this Society for many years, inter-
ested in all of its work, and always ready to answer to
his name when assigned to any committee, which was
often, and it was always a pleasure to him to attend the
Society's Institutes.

Zenas C. Wardwell, of Groveland, died October 10,
1892, aged 60 years. He was born in Maine, and came to
Groveland when a young man, and has been engaged in

172

farming and the manufacture of shoes. He was a mem-
ber of this Society about 30 years. He has represented
his town in the Legislature and been State Senator for
two years ; also filled the office of Selectman and School
Committee for several years.

Eldred S. Parker, of Groveland, died Nov. 6, 1892,
aged 72 years. Mr. Parker was a life-long resident, and
died in the same house in which he was born. Always
made farming his business, and was one of the oldest
members of this Society, formerly being a Trustee.

Mrs. Lucy J. Lefavour, of Danvers, died December 17,
189 L She was the widow of John Lefavour. She became
a member of the Society in 1876, having taken a premium
on butter in that year.

Elnathan Dodge, of Danvers, died January 7, 1892,
aged 69 years. He became a member of the Society in
1850, from Beverly ; that part of Danvers being a part of
Beverly at the time. He was a farmer and carried on a
large farm. He left a widow and two sons.

Walter S. Merrill, of Danvers, died February 9,
1892, aged 51 years, leaving a widow and two sons. He
was a son of Levi Merrill, and succeeded his father in the
drug business, which he carried on about 16 years. He
became a member of the Society in 1874.

Ansel W. Putnam, of Danvers, died January 30,
1892, aged 70 years, 11 months, leaving a widow. When
a young man he lived in Lexington, Boston, and 14. years
in California. After his return he made his home on the
old farm where Gen. Israel Putnam was born. He was a
successful grower of small fruits, and very thorough in
his methods. He became a member of the Society in
1872, and took an active interest in it, serving on many
committees, and writing reports.

^7Z

Edward Hutchinson, of Danvers, died June 21, 1892,
aged 58 years, 9 months, leaving a son and daughter. He
became a member of the Society in 1875. He was presi-
dent of the E. & A. Mudge Shoe Co., and previously a
member of the firm of E. & A. Mudge & Co. He was very
active in the affairs of the First Church, Danvers Centre.

Francis Marsfi, of Danvers, died September 24, 1892,
aged about 54 years. He became a member of the Socie-
ty in 1872, in Peabody, where most of his life was passed
in farming. His father was James Marsh. He left a
widow, three sons and a daughter.

Mr. Daniel Carlton, of North Andover, died Jan. 2,
1891, aged 92 years. He was born at the Carlton home-
stead, where he had spent the most of a long and useful
life. Years ago he was miller at the ancient grist mill
then located where the Davis &Furber Machine Co.'s plant
now prospers. As a farmer — the pursuit he followed the
greater part of his life — he was progressive and successful.
He had been a member of the Legislature ; he was select-
man of the town for many years, both before and after it
was divided from Andover. He was honest, independent
and faithful in the discharge of every duty, and in his death
the town loses one of its most respected citizens, and this
society one of its oldest members, and formerly a trustee,
and a man who always took an active interest in its
welfare.

Elizabeth P. Stiles, wife of Farnham Stiles, of Middle-
ton, passed to the higher life, Nov. 16, 1891, aged 76 years
and 6 months. She had been a member of the Essex Agri-
cultural Society many years, had received premiums and
diploma of the society, for the best butter presented at
their fairs. She was respected and beloved by all who
knew her.

Calvin Rogers, who died June 15, 1889, was an honest

174

man, a good citiz<3n, a methodical farmer, and interested in
all matters pertaining thereto. One of the founders of the
West Newbury Farmers' Club in 1856, he was devoted to
its welfare, and for several years its president. In 1860 he
was representative in the State Legislature.

Amos Poore died July 28, 1889. Like all intelligent
farmers in the town, he was interested in the work of the
West Newbury Farmers' Club, as in that of the County So-
ciety. He was enthusiastic in military matters, and at one
time captain of a company in Major Poore's Battalion of
Rifles.

Thomas G. Ordway, who died Jan. 2.5, 1890, was one of
the most progressive, enterprising and successful farmers,
a man who, while helping himself, was willing and pleased
to extend a helping hand to others. He died full of years,
holding the respect of all who knew him.

En'och D. Carr died Nov. 26, 1891. Although inherit-
ing a large farm, he was not particularly identified with
farming, his attention being mostly given to the business of
a butcher, in which he was successful, and he could be relied
on to give good weight, sixteen ouncs to the pound every
time.

Daniel P. Nelson died Dec. 1, 1891. He was a life-
long and successful farmer. For more than twenty years
he was the efficient and humane manager of the town farm
and almshouse, giving entire satisfaction to the inmates and
authorities.

Francis R. Edwards, of Wenham, died Aug. 8, 1891,
aged 78 years, 8 months, 2 days. He was a whole-souled,
generous farmer, of large physique and noble heart ; slow
of motion, honest and firm in every act. His large farm,
upon which he was born and where he lived and died — at
peace with all the world — he inherited from his father.
It was a part of a large tract formerly owned by his ances-

175

tors, who were among the earliest settlers in the vicinity ;
these broad and fertile acres, with their fertility unimpaired
he has left to liis children.

George W. Parsons, of Wenham, died Jan. 22, 1S92,
aged 62 years, 9 months, 24 days. He lived respected and
died regretted by his neighbors. He was born at Glonces-
ter; his ancestors had long lived on Cape Ann. He moved
to Wenham when qnite young, and early learned shoemak-
ing, but in later years was engaged in the fish trade.

Charles W. Adams, of Newbury, died Feb. 7, 1892, aged
75 years. By his death the society loses a member wlio
always took an interest in agriculture. He was a farmer
of the old school, who thought a farm was not complete
without a good yoke of oxen. He lived on the farm where
he was born until within two years of his death. He was
well-known and respected by all.

Mr. George A. Randall died March SO, 1892, aged 04
years. He was one of the most successful farmers, and one
of the largest onion growers in Essex County ; a man of
shrewd business qualities, his judgment was excellent, and
by his death the society loses an honored member, the town
a good citizen, and his neighbors a good neighbor. He was
selectman of Newbury for a number of years.

Mr. James A. Hutchinson, of Middleton, passed
away July 3, 1892, aged 51 years. He was a man of in-
tegrity— firm in his convictions of right. He was inter-
ested in political affairs, and, in fact, all those measures
pertaining to the welfare of mankind, which made him a
valued citizen.

Dea. William A. Phelps, of Middleton, passed to the
spirit life, October 3, 1891, aged 74 years. He was a car-
penter by trade, but interested in agricultural pursuits
and in all reformatory movements which are intended to

176

bless mankind. He assumed no borrowed appearances,
but was indeed what he appeared to be, full of truth, can-
dor and humanity, which made him highly esteemed by
all.

Daniel Bkickett, of Haverhill, died February 19,
1892, aged 67 years. He was a native of Haverhill.

Benjamin E. Emery, of Haverhill, died October 31,

1891, aged 93 years 6 months. Born in Atkinson, N. H.

Samuel Fellows, of Haverhill, died May 25, 1892,
aged 81 years 8 months. A native of Sandown, N, H.

Albert C. Heath, of Haverhill, died May 18, 1892,
aged 78 years 9 months. A native of Newburj^port.

Thomas H. West, of Haverhill, died April 24, 1892,
aged 80 years 11 months. A native of Boston.

Mr. Thomas K. Leach, of Topsfield, died June 2,

1892. By the death of Mr. Leach the Society loses one
of its oldest and most active members, and the town one
of its most honored citizens. He was a constant atten-
dent at all the meetings held by the Society, and had
served as Trustee and Vice-President.

Mr. Daniel S. Goss, of Rockport, after a few weeks'
illness of pneumonia, died at his home in Rockport, April
1, 1892, aged 64 years. Mr. Goss was a good citizen, a
good neighbor and a good and successful farmer and mar-
ket gardener. He has long been a member of the Essex
County Agricultural Society.

Mr. James Manning, of Rockport, died from a shock
of paralysis, March 26, 1892, at the age of 86 years and 3
months. He was a member of Granite Lodge of Odd Fel-
lows over 39 years, and has filled many responsible posi-
tions in the order. He was also a man who took great in-

177

terest in public affairs, and has held several important
offices of trust in the town of Rockport. He was for sev-
eral years a member of the Essex County Agricultural
Society.

Samuel S\yett, of Peabody, was born in Tuftenboro,
N. H., Sept. 18, 1818, died May 20th, 1892, aged 73 ycar&
and 8 months. Mr. Swett left the paternal homestead in
early life, came to Massachusetts, sought and obtained
service among farmers. After locating in Peabody he
became acquainted with and married a daughter of the
late John Bagley, who now survives him. Mr. Swett has^
rented and worked several farms, viz : — The Gardner and-
Blaney farms in Peabody, and the Ephraim Brown farm on
Marblehead Neck, now that beautiful summer resort. For
several years he was Superintendent of the Town Farm in
Peabody. He also served the town upon the board of
Overseers of the Poor. Mr. Swett was a model farmer,
always keeping ahead of his work ; never allowing the
weeds to get the better of him. He was a man of decid-
edly pronounced opinions in agriculture, politics, and re-
ligion. A kind and devoted husband, an indulgent
parent, a true and genial friend.

M. G. Clea[ent, of Merrimac, died June IS, 1891, aged
67 years 5 months. Mr. Clement was a member of the
board of Selectmen, having been elected in March, 1890,
and re-elected last spring. He has been a successful car-
riage builder, and has been for 25 years interested in the
various businesses that have been carried on in the felt
boot factory building. He was the treasurer of the old
axle company, and was a director in the manufactures
which succeeded this business, on the premises. He was
interested in the old Merino shoe business and also in the
Bay State Felt Boot and Shoe Company. He has always
taken an active interest in public affairs. He was an em-
ployer whom all his workmen respected and loved ; a man.

178

of genial attributes, and always willing to assist in any
work that had for its object the advancement of the
town's prosperity.

William Chase, of Merriraac, died October 14, 1891,
aged 74 years. Mr." Chase was one of our oldest and
most esteemed residents and has always been active in
the municipal and social affairs of the town. He has
been a member of the school board for three years, and al-
ways took a decided stand on educational matters. He
espoused the cause of the Republican part}'^ and was
prominent in the work ; he represented the town in the
Legislature, and has been at times quite prominent in
local politics. In town affairs Mr. Chase was always in-
terested in everything tending to our material prosperity.
Before the division of the town of Amesbury he was a
member of the board of Selectmen in the old town.

*^Dayii) M. Tewksbury, of Merrimac. died October 26,
1891, aged 74 years. He was a justice of the peace for
many years, and was an old resident of this town, and
had been engaged in farming and also in the ice business.
Before the division of the town of Amesbury he took an
active interest in town affairs, and for several years was
one of the Selectmen. He was particularly active during
the first years of the war in filling the town's quota of
soldiers. Lately he has not shown so much interest in
town matters.

Hon. Nathaniel A. Horton, of Salem, died December
14, 1891, aged 61 yeai's, after a brief illness of only seven
days. He had been a member of this Society for many
years, and always took an active interest in its welfare. •

Mr. Horton was one of Salem's most respected citizens
and at the time of his death was senior editor of the Sa-
lem Gazette and Essex County Mercury. Hon. Caleb
Foote, his life-long 'business partner very aptl}^ says of
him":

179

" His self-possession, clear and resonant voice, and pun-
gent humor, gave him calls for a speech (at all public so-
<3ial meetings), which was always sure to be followed with
applause, while his logical mastery of the subjects which
he discussed in legislative bodies, always gave hira a large
measure of influence and popularity which would {)roba-
bly have sent him to Congress if he could have consented
to encourage the plans which were proposed to him to
that effect.

In public life he possessed peculiar qualifications ; great
readiness and pungency with either speech or pen — a
sharp, inquiring and logical mind, entire self-possession, a
clear and incisive voice, and ready utterance ; and in the
legislative bodies of which he was a member, he had a
larger than common share of influence. In social life he
was hearty, frank, genial, and universally popular. Many
hearts will be grieved at his departure, which, although at
the ripe age of over threescore years, still appears un-
timely.

In his editorial and business relations he was upright
and downright. No temptation of gain was sufficient to
induce him to waver from the line of strict uprightnesss
and fair dealing ; and what he consistently yielded to
others he expected to have granted to the interests which
he represented, jje engaged in no delusion, trickery or
false pretences, and never intentionally went back from
any engagement, bargain, or promise which he had made.
His sense of duty to the public as a conservator of morals
was in constant exercise, and he earnestly desired to pub-
lish no sentence which he would wish to blot ; and he was
able to attain in this matter a great degree of success.
Knowing the sincerity and earnestness of his efforts in
this and in other worthy respecfes, it is a satisfaction to me
to indite these few words of remembrance."

I So

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CONSTITUTION

OF THE

ESSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY

AiiTiCLE 1. There shall be a President, four Vice
Presidents, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, who shall be
"Trustees, ex-officio. The President, Vice Presidents and
Secretary shall be elected at the annual meeting by ballot
and the Treasurer by the Trustees, annually, at their meet-
ing in November. In addition to these, one Trustee shall
be elected annually for each town in the County, and the
Trustee for each town shall be elected by members of the
Society in said town, at a meeting called for that purpose,*
in accordance with notice issued by the Secretary, and
shall continue in office until another is elected in his stead ;
and such election shall be final, and shall constitute the
Trustee so elected a member of the Board of Trustees of
the Society ; and the result of the election in each town
shall be communicated as early as possible to the Secretary.

Art. 2. There shall be an Annual Meeting of the So-
ciety, at such times as the Trustees shall determine, at
which all officers shall be elected. Twenty members at
least shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business.

Art. 3. If at any meeting of the Society, or the Trus-
tees, the President and Vice Presidents shall be absent,

*Tbese meetings are held the last Tuesday of October, and the Trustees
elected commence their duties at the November meeting ot Trustees.

l82

the members present may appoint one from among them to
preside at such meeting.

Art. 4. The President, or in case of his absence, either
of the Vice Presidents, with the advice of the Trustees,
may call a special meeting of the Society ; or whenever a
written application, with the reason assigned therefor,
shall be made by any twelve members of the Society, to the
Presidents and Trustees, they shall call such meeting.

Akt. 5. The meetings of the Trustees shall be held at
such time and place as they shall from time to time agree
upon ; seven of whom, with the presiding officer, shall make
a quorum.

Art. 6. The Trustees shall regulate all the concerns of
the Society, during the intervals of its meetings ; propose
such objects of improvement to the attention of the public,
publish such communications, and offer premiums in such
form and value as they think proper (provided the prem-
iums offered do not exceed the funds of the Society) ;
and shall lay before the Society, at each of its meetings, a
statement of their proceedings and of the communications
made to them.

Art. 7. The Secretary shall take minutes of all the
votes and proceedings of the Society and of the Trustees,
and enter them in separate books ; and shall record all
such communications as the Trustees shall direct. He
shall write and answer all letters relating to the business of
the Society.

Art. 8. The Treasurer shall receive all monies due or
payable to the Society, and all donations that may l)e made
to it, for which he shall give duplicate receipts, one of
which shall be lodged with the Secretary, who shall maka
a fair record thereof. The Treasurer shall from time to
time pay out such monies as he shall have orders for
from the Trustees ; and shall annually, and whenever
thereto required, render a fair account of all his receipts-
and payments to the Society or a committee thereof. He
shall give bonds for the faithful discharge of his duty, in

i83

such sum as the Trustees shall diiect, and with such sure-
ties.

Art. 9. A committee shall be appointed annually by
the Trustees, to audit the Treasurer's accounts, who shall
report to the Society ; and the same being accepted, shall
be entered by the Secretary in his books.

Art. 10. In case of death, resignation, incapacity, or
removal out of the County, of the Secretary or of the Treas-
urer, the Trustees shall take charge of the official books,
papers, and other effects, belonging to the office that may
be vacated, and give receipts for the same ; which books,
papers, etc., they may deliver to some person whom they
may appoint to hll the office until the next meeting of the
Society, at which time there shall be a new choice.

Art. 11. *Any citizen of the County may become a
member of the Society, by paying the sum of thiieb dol-
lars to increase the permanent fund of the institution.

Art. 12. A committee shall l)e i-aised from time to
time, to solicit and receive subscriptions for raising a fund
for encouraging the noblest of pursuits, the Agriculture of
our county ; the same to be sacredly appropriated to that
purpose.

Art. 13. All ordained ministers of the Gospel who re-
side within the County, shall be admitted honorary mem-
bers of the Society.

Art. 14. In addition to the usual number of Trustees
annually elected, the past Presidents of the Society shall be
honorary members of the Board of Trustees.

Art. 15. The foregoing constitution may be amended
by a proposition of the amendment in writing by a member
at a regular meeting ; the same to lie over for the action
at the next annual meeting of the Society.

♦Members will receive from the Secretary a "certificate of membersliip." No
fines or assessments are ever imposed. Members are entitled to vote in all its
transactions, witb free use of tbe Library and a copy of the printed "Transac-
tions" eacli year,

A premium of six dollars is now offered to the resident of the County obtain-
ing the largest number of new members during the year ending Nov. 1.

orncERs or the society,

:F'0:E^ 189S-93.

PRESIDENT.

FRANCIS H. APPLETON, of Peabodj.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

JAMES J. H. GREGORY, of Marblehead.
JAMES P. KING, of Peabody.
OLIVER S. BUTLER, of Georgetown.
HORATIO G. HERRICK, of Lawrence.

SECRETARY.

JOHN M. DANFORTH, of Lynnfield.

TREASURER.

GILBERT L. STREETER, of Salem.

HONORARY TRUSTEES.

JOSEPH HOWE, of Methiien.
BENJAMIN P. WARE, of Marblehead.

DELEGATE TO THE STATE BOARD OP AGRICULTURE;

FRANCIS H. APPLETON, of Peabody.

TRUSTEES.

Edmund Gale, Amesbury. Amos P. Alley, Marblehead.
Charles C. Blunt, Andover. Geo. B. Bradley, Methuen.

i85

John W. Lovett, Beverly. Geo. W. Sargent. Merriniac.
Chas. R. Anderson, Boxford. Hiram A. Stiles, Middleton.
S. W. Hopkinson, Bradford. William D. Hodges, Nahant.
Chas. H. Preston, Danvers. B. F. Stanle3% Newburyport.
Albert E. Lufkin, Essex. Edward Kent, Newbury.
Sherman Nelson, Georgetown. John Barker, No. Andover.

A. F. Harvey, Gloucester. E. P. Barrett, Peabody.

B. E. Merrill, Groveland. Story D. Pool, Pockport.
Isaac F. Knowlton, Hamilton. Frank P. Todd, Rowley.
Thomas Sanders, Haverhill. Henry A. Hale, Salem.
James W. Bond, Ipswich. P. Albert True, Salisbury.
Warren C. AUyn, Lawrence. Samuel Hawkes, Saugus.
Asa T. Newhall, Lynn. David Warren, Swampscott.
:Harry W. Munroc, Lynnfield. Frank H. Towne, Topsfield.
Wm. H. Allen, Manchester. David Pingree, Wenham.

L. W. Bailey, West Newbury.

NEW MEMBERS.

Joseph W. Poor, Andover. Frank L. FabGns,Marl)lehead.
Joseph W. Smith, Andover. A. W. Peabody, Middleton.
John N. Cole, Andover. T. D. Boardman, Manches'r.

Plato Eames, Andover. C. A. Curtis, Manchester.

Mrs. J. J. Dovvning,Andov'r. H. L. Higginson, Manches'r.
John J. Mason. Amesbury. Chas. A. Prince, Manchest'r.
Stephen A. Abbott, Beverly. John A. Burnham, Manch'r.
Gordon Dexter, Beverly. Alfred P. Rockwell, Manch'r.
William D. Sohier, Beverly. Geo. Wigglesworth, Manch'r.
C. L. Pierson. Beverly. Alfred Thorp, Methuen.

Robert Saltonstall, Beverly. Frank W. Webster, Methuen.
Alex. Cochiane, Beverly. F. Merriam, Nahant.
John L. Gardner, Beverly. James H. Beal, Nahant.
Robt. H. Bancroft, Beverly. George P. Upham, Nahant.
Dudley L. Pickman, Beverly.E. Francis Parker, Nahant.
•Chas. H. Dalton, Beverly. George Whitney, Nahant.
Herman W. Towne. Bradford. H. Cabot Lodge. Nahant.
Alvah J. Brad>treet.Danvers.Edward W. Codman, Naha't.
'Chas. W. Page, Danvers. Geo. Abbott James, Nahant.

1 86

H. Otis Verry, Danvers. Charles T. Lovering, Nahant.
Geo. A. Peabody, Danvers. Arthur H. Parker, Nahant.
Alfred E. Towne, Georget'n. E. P. Dodge, Newburyport.
Henry Hilliard,Georgetown. Fred H. Poor. Newbury.
M. N. Boardman,Georgeto'n. Benj. Pearson jr., Newbury.
J. F. Jackson, Georgetown. Winfield S. Hughes, N. An'r.
E. C. Hawkes, Gloucester. Geo. Matthewson, N. Ando'r.
M. K. Abbott, Hamilton. Geo. L. Burnham, N. Ando'r,
G. V. L. Meyer, Hamilton. Newton P. Frye, N. Andov'r.
Geo. H. Hardy, Haverhill. W. L. Hill, Peabody.
H. K. Swasey, Haverhill. Willard P. ISmith, Rowley.
Frank S. Webster,Haverhill. Rob't S. Rantoul, Salem.
Walter E. Parker,Lawrence. Willis H. Ropes, Salem.
Alex. N. Bruce, Lawrence. Charles F. Ropes, Salem. >
Lewis P. Collins, Lawrence. Philip Little, Salem.
Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence. William Bickerton, Salem.
Thos. F. Ryan, Lawrence. Edmund F. Knight, Salem.
A. M. Fay, Lawrence. Ellis H. Porter, Salem.

John Breen, Lawrence. Andrew A. Scott, Saugus.

Joseph Stowell, Lawrence. Chas. M. Evans, W. Newb'y'
Charles E. Allen, Lynn. L. F. Brown, W. Newbury.

L. H. Wheeler, Lj^nnfield.

CHANGES KEPOKTED BY THE TRUSTEES IN 1892.

Hiram L. Burpee, Haverhill, from Bradford.
John S. Armitage, Wellesley, from Danvers.
Wm. H. Brown, Marblehead, from Danvers.
J. E. Spring, Brooklyn, N. Y., from Danvers.
Aaron Low, Hingham, Mass., from Essex.
William H. Gray, N. H. from Beverly.
Joseph W. Trask, Danvers, from Beverl3\
David Wier, from Beverly.

Members of Essex Agricultural Society.

DECEMBER, 1892.

Previous printed, list was in 1890, corrected in 1891 and
in 1892 Reports. If any errors are discovered in the follow-
ing list, please report them to the Secretary. Trustees are
requested to report death of meaibers as soon as they occur,
with printed notice, when convenient. ^

Bailey, 0. S.
Cainmet, Samuel
Chesley, M. B.
Chesley, John F.
Currier, W. H. B.
Davis, B. Lewis
Feltch, Elbridge S.
Gale, Edmund

Abbott, James J.
Abbott, Nathan F.
Abbott, Hartwell B,
Abbott, John B.
Andrews, M. C.
Barnard, Edwin H.
Bailey, Moses A.
Bailey, Samuel H.
Blunt, Charles C.
Blunt, Joseph H.

AMESBUEY— 24.

Gale, Foster
Goodwin, E. A.
Hill, Albert C.
Hill, J. Henry
Hollander, Lambert,
Huntington, B. F.
Little, J. P.
Lane, T. W.

ANDOVER— 54.
Bodwell, H. A.
Buchan, George
Buchan, George W.
Butterlield, J. P.
Carter, Charles L.
Carruth, Isaac
Chandler, Joshua H,
Cheever, James 0.
Cole, John N.
Cummings, C. 0.

Mason, John J.
Morrill, Geo. T.
Morse, Daniel L.
Nelson, David 0.
Sawyer^ Aaron Jr.
Tibbetts, William B.
True, Eben
Vining, William F.

Downing, Mrs. J. J.
Fames, Plato
Flint, John H.
Foster, George W.
Foster, Moses
Foster, George C.
Foster, F. H.
Gould, Milo H.
Gulliver, E. Francis
Harriman, Thos. P.

i88

Hay ward, Henry A.
Hidden, David I. C.
Holt, E. F.
Holt, Ballard
Jenkins, John B.
Jenkins, E. Kendall
Johnson, Francis H.
Johnson, S. K.

McLawlin, Henry
Moor, J. Warren
Noyes, Henry P.
Poor, Joseph W.
Play don, Alfred G.
Rea, Jasper
Reynolds, James H
Ripley, George

Smith, James B,
Smith, John L.
Smith, Peter D.
Smith, Benjamin F.
Smith, Joseph W.
Thayer, Samuel
Tucker, William
Upton, Edward C.

Abbott, Stephen A.
Andrews, Joseph F.
Appleton, Nathan D.
Appleton, Edw. H.
Appleton, Isaac
Avery, Mark B.
Baker, John T.
Bancroft, Robert H.
Bennett, Robert G.
Buriiham, 0. B.
Brewer, George
Carter, John W.
Caldwell, Charles E.
Clark, George
Clark, Arthur E.
Clark, Aug. N.
Clark, Peter E.
Cochrane, Alex'r
Connelly, Stephen
Dalton, Charles H.
^ Dan forth, E. F.
Dexter, Gordon
Dodge, Andrew
Dodge, Benjamin N.
Dodge, Benjamin B,
Dodge, Fred A.
Dodge, Israel W,
Dodge, Joshua S.

BEVERLY— 100.

Dodge, Forest C.
Dodge, Lucius B.
Dodge, Walter F.
Elliot, John T.
Endicott, Robert R.
Foster, David L.
Foster, Issacher jr.
Foster, William A.
Foster, William B.
Friend, Seth
Giles, Benjamin V.
Gardner, John L.
Haven, Franklin
Herrick, Joseph H.
Hill, Hugh
Howse, Thomas W.
Lee, x\sa F.
Lord, Cyrus W.
Lovett, William H.
Larcora, Rufus
Lawrence, C. A.
Loring, Augustus P.
Loring, Wm. Caleb
Lovett, Francis S.
Lovett, John W.
Lummus, Elijah E.
Mason, Alfred A.
Mason, George

Mason, Charles A.
Mason, Lyman
Marsters, James A.
Mayo, Josiah
Mitchell, John E.
Morgan, William C.
Morse, John T.
Moulton, Charles
Moulton, John A.
Munsey, John G.
Murney, John M.
Norwood, Francis
Obear, Ezekiel F.
Paine, Charles C.
Perry, Albert
Phillips, J. C. Mrs.
Pickett, Charles
Pierson, C. L.
Pickman, D. L.
Pitman, Mark
Pope, Jasper
Porter, Adoniram
Preston, Ezra
Raymond, John W.
Raymond, J. W. jr.
Saltonstall, Robert
Sawyer, E. C.
Sohier, Wm. D.

i8g

Stephens, Augustus Trask, Joseph W. Williams, Augustus
Stickney, George W.Vittum, Albert Whitcomb, Austin

Woodbury, L., jr.

Woodbury, H. W.

Woodbury, Kufus

Stone, Samuel H.
Swasey, E.
Trask, J. G.
Traftou, Darling F.

Walker, Lawson
Webb, Alden
Wallis, Joseph A.

Anderson, Charles R
Andrew, Isaac W.
Austin, Charles F.
Austin, George B.
Barnes, B. S.
Chadwick, Geo. W.
Chad wick, James W
Chadwick, Walter I
Cleveland, James P

BOXFORD— 27.
.Cole, David M.
Cole, John K,
Cole, Warren M.
Cole, Wm. Kimball
Day, Isaac C.
Day, Mrs. John
. Herri ck, Israel
Ladd, John I.
Nason, James H.

Parkhursk, John
Parkhur.st, John W.
Pearl, Edw. E.
Pearl, John M.
Perley, Charles
Sawyer, Thomas,
Styles, Charles F.
Wood, John T.
Wood, William H.

Bradstreet, Justin E,
Cogswell, Doane
Cogswell, George
Ellis, John A.
Emerson, Charles B
Gage, Edwin V.
Hale, H. H.
Hazeltine, Charles
Hazeltine, John
Hilton, William
Hilton, Charles M.
Hopkinson, Sam'l W

BRADFORD— 34.
Johnson, Charles G.Ordway, Alfred
Johnson, Laburton Peabody, Walter S.
Kimball, Albert Peabody, Frank
Kimball, Leverett Peabody, Daniel
Kimball, William B. Perley, John
Kimball, Byron G. Phillips, G. Franklin
Kimball, M. TenneyTewksbury, John B.
Kingsbury, John D.Thornton, William
Knight, Albert A. Towne, Herman W.
Ladd, George W. Wales, Herbert E.
Little, Mrs. M. P. Webster, Charles E.

Barton, J. Webb
Berry, Alien A.
Berry, Eben G.

DAN VERS— 94
Batchelder, J. Q A. Bradstreet, William
Bradstreet, Alvah J.Butler, J. C.
Biadstreet, Elijah Clark, N. J.

90

Carlton, 0. Loriug
Carlton, Wm. B
Day, Clarence
Dempsey, L. P.
Dodge, Francis
Eaton, Win slow W.
Fellows, Alfred
Fernald, Oliver
Fisher, Franklin W.
Fowler, Augustus
Fuller, Solomon
Gould, Charles H.
Gustin, John H.
Harrigan, D. J.
Hood, Joseph E.
Hutchinson, W. P.
Jacobs, Wm A.
Jackson, Eben
Jones, L. H.
Juul, Conrad
Kimball, Francis 0.
Kimball, Joel
Kirby, Patrick
Langley, J. R.
Learoyd, A. P.
Legro, John C. P.
I;yford, Francis W.
Massey, Dudley A.
Marston, Jacob

jNIorrison, L. L.
Mudge, Augustus
Nichols, Andrew
Nichols, Andrew, jr.
Newhall, Benj. E.
Newhall, Henry
O'Neal, T. H.
Page, Charles W.
Patch, Abraham
Peabody, George H.
Peabody, George A.
Peart, William B.
Perley, Dean A.
Perley, Edward P.
Perkins, Henry A.
Perkins, Wai-ren G.
Perkins, William P.
Perkins, M. Sumner
Pettingill. David A.
Pillsbury, H. H.
Piper, G. M. T.
Pope, Ira P.
Pratt, Amos
Preston, Charles H.
Putnam, Israel H.
Putnam, Joseph C.
Putnam, John A.
Putnam, Joel
Putnam, Otis P.

Pratt, George
Porter, John W.
Pope, Daniel P.
Proctor, Nathan P,
Richardson, James
Richards, C. S.
Roberts, Oliver
Rollins, Jonas
Ropes, Joseph E.
Rice, Chas. B.
Sears, John A.
Spaulding, Sam'l W.
Swinerton, John
Smart, John L.
Tapley, George
Tapley, Gilbert A.
Trask, Joseph W.
Upton Franklin W.
Verry, Augustus
Yerry, H. Otis
Verry, Henry
Walcott, Wm. H.
Waldron, E. T.
Weston, Mrs. L. P.
AVhite, Henry A.
Woodis, Alden B.
Woodman, Edw. E.
Whipple, John F.
Wilkins, Fred'k A.

ESSEX— IG.

Andrews, Elias Cogswell, Charles B. Lee, Edward K.

Burnham, Wash. Haskell, David L. Low, George P.
Burnham, D. B. Haskell, George
Burnham, Wm.HoweKnowl ton, Aaron
Choate, Rufus Knowlton, Moses

Knowlton, Perry B

Low, Josiah
Lufkin, A. E.
McDonald, Daniel

191

GEORGETOWN— 2.'
Bateman, A. P. IMarble, ISTathaniel

Boardman, Moses N. ISTelson, Charles W.
Butler, Oliver S. Nelson, Sherman
Chapman, Jonathan Osgood, Stephen
Harriman, Hiram N.Perley, David E.
Hilliard, Henry Pettingill, Henry
Hoyt, Martin L. Pillsbury, J.
Jackson, John L. Poor, Samuel T.
Ridley , Amos

Spofford, Sumner P.
Tenney, George J.
Teuney, Gorham D.
Tenney, Moses
Tenney, Orlando B.
Towne, Alfred E.
Weston, George S.
Wheeler, William S.

Babson, Fitz J.
Babson, Horatio
Babson, Osman
Barrett, Charles P.
Bennett, Charles

GLOUCESTER— 79.
Dolliver, William C.
Dolliver, William P.
Fears, Robert R.
Ferguson, Thos. B.
Foster. Jeremiah

Bradford, George R. Garland, Joseph
Brown, Edward H. Griffin, Bennett

Burnham, A. M.
Burnham, H. A.
Burnham, S. A.
Calef, John C.
Carter, John S.
Carter, Sherman J.
Clark, John
Cole, Israel H.
Conant, Thomas
Cook, Benjamin F.

Grover, Charles E.
Harvey, Alonzo F.
Haskell, H. C. L.
Haskell, William H.
Hawkes, E. C.
Herrick, GardnerW.
Knowles, Thomas J.
Lane, Andrew
Lane, George
Lawrence, R. C.

Corliss, Benjamin H.Lovett, John H.

Corliss, John
Cronin, John
Curtis, Samuel jr.
Davis, James
Davis, William P.
Dennen, George
Dodd, Stephen
Dolliver, John S.

Low, David W.
Tx)w, Frederic F.
Marr, Chester, jr.
Mayo, Israel C.
Norwood, George
Parsons, W. Frank
Patillo, Alexander
Pew, William A.
Phillips, N. H.

Plumer, David.
Presson, David S.
Presson, Alfred
Price, Augustus E.
Proctor, Joseph 0.
Proctor, Wilbur F.
Ricker, Richai-d W.
Roberts, Joshua
Rogers, Allan
Rogers, John S.
Rust, William P.
Sanford, H. G.
Shepherd, Joseph C.
Somes, John E.
Stacy, John H.
Stan wood, Barnard
Story, Cyrus
Thompson, Chas, P.
Webster, Nathaniel
Wetherell, M. L.
Wilson, John J.
Witham, Addison
Wonson,AugustusH.
Wonson, F. G.
Wonson, George M."
Wonson, J. W.

192

GROVELAXD— 20.

Hopkinson, W. H. Savary, Charles P.

Lada, J. B. P. Spofford, Henry H,

Ladd, Nathaniel E. Stacy, Edward M.

Longfellow, IS". Stickney, Abel

Harrington, Edward Martino, Philip H. Tenney, George H.
Harriman, Moses H. Merrill, Burton E. Woodbury, Louis A,
Harriman, Abel S. Pemberton, L. K.

Balch, Thomas H.
Fegan, Henry C.
George, Edwin B,
George, Samuel B.

Abbott, M. K.
Allen, Francis R.
Brown, William A,
Creamer, George G.
Dane, Ephraim A.
Dane, George E. F.
Dane, John jr.
Dane, William A.
Dane, Sylvester
Dodge, Emerson P,
Dodge, George B.

HAMILTON— 31.
Dodge, George R.
Dunnels, Ira A.
Ellis, George W.
Gardner, A. P.
Gibney, George H.
Kimball, Isaac W.
Knowlton, Franklin
Knowlton, Isaac F.
Lamsou, Jarvis,
Meyer, Geo. V. L.
Nason, Daniel A.

Norris, George
Norwood, C. J.
Patch, Mrs. Oliver
Putnam, Charles 0.
Rankin, Eli D.
Robinson, E. P.
Safford, Daniel E.
Smith, Alvin
Whipple, Em. A.

Barnes, B. Frank
Berry, J. M.
Brickett, Benj. F.
Blake, J. Albert
Bodwell, Stephen
Brickett, Barnard
Butters, Charles
Chase, C. W.
Cheever, H. W.
Corliss, Charles
Dewhurst, James
Eaton, B. F.
Eaton, Harrison
Emerson, Albert

HAVERHILL— 69.
Emerson, E. A.
Farnsworth, J. H.
Fellows, C. H.
Frost, Henry
Gale, John E .
Goodwin, Rufus
Goodwin, John H.
Hanson, M. W.
Haseltine, Amos jr.
Hardy, George H.
Hooks, Daniel
Howe, Moses
Ingalls, E. T.
Johnson, Henry H.

Lackey, Andrew
Little, E. C.
Little, J. G. S.
Marsh, John J.
Messerve, Wm. S.
Mitchell, E.
Moody, Wm. H.
Moody, H. L.
Morse, John H.
Merrill, Giles
Nichols, John B.
Nichols, J. B.
Ordway, Joshua H.
Peabody, Stephen

193

Peters, Daniel
Poore, r. W.
Porter, Dudley
Quinby, T. \V.
Randall, John P.
Kichardson, John B.
Eidgeway, Jos.
Rhodes, C. N.
Sanders, Thomas

Smith, Geo. S.
Sprague, W. W.
Swasey, H. K.
Stewart, John
Taylor, Martin
Taylor, Oliver
Titcomb, Beniah
Wadleigh, Levi C.
Webster, Ebenezer

Webster, Frank S.
Webster, E. F.
Webster, Richard
West, H. K.
West, James F.
White, James D.
Whittier, Alvah
Whittier, Warner R.
Winchell, James H.

Abbott, Joseph B.
Appleton, Francis R
Appleton, Daniel F.
Baker, S. N. jr.
Bond, James W.
Brown, Everett K.
Brown, S. Albert
Brown, William G.
Caldwell, Abraham
Clark, Erastus
Fall, Tristam B.
Fellows, Alonzt) B.
Gould, John J.
Gould, Walter F.

IPSWICH— 41.

Grant, Joshua B.
Green, George H.
Haskell, George
Hobbs, John
Hodgdon, George
Hodgkius, Augustine
Horton, Joseph
Johnson, George E.
Jordan, Mrs. Robert
Kimball, Daniel
Kinnear, James
Kinsman, Joseph F.
Kinsman, William H.
Kinsman, Willard F.

Marshall, Joseph
Perkins, Isaac E. B.
Reddy, Michael
Ross, Joseph
Rutherford, AaronA.
Shatswell, Nathaniel
Smith, Webster
Stone, Augustine
Story, Alden
Treadwel], William
Underbill, J. C.
Wade, Asa
Whittier, Maynard

AUyn, Warren E.
Ames, M. B.
Austin, M. C.
Ball, F. J.
Bell, Charles U.
Boehm, Adolph G.
Breen, John
Bruce, Alex'r N.
Butler, Albert E.
Cabot, George D.

LAWRENCE— 81.

Clarke, Charles
Colburn, George W.
Collins, Lewis P.
Currier, Eben B.
Cur ran, Maurice K.
DeCourcey, C. A.
Drew, J. D.
Durant, W. A.
Dyer, Arthur W.
Farrell, John

Fay, John
Finn, John L.
Flynn, Edward
Fitzgerald, Win.
Ford, George
Ford, Patrick
French, A. .1 .
Gile, Williaii'i H.
Griffin, Ausou L.
Hall, Dyer S.

194

Herrick, H. G.
Hills, George W.
Hood, Gilbert E.
Holt, Lewis G.
Hubbard, Leavitt
Jacksou, Joseph
Jewett, William S.
Joyce, James W.
Junkins, George S.
Kelleher, W. A.
Kittredge, G. H.
Kline, George E.
Lewis, S. S.
McAllister, J. G.
Mahoney, W. 0.
McCarthy, Patrick
Merrill, George S.

Aldrich, A. P.
Allen, Charles
Allen, Walter B.
Andrews, Randall
Baker, Ezra
Bates, Edwin
Bates, Walter E.
Bates, William H.
Bates, Ered H.
Bates, Wallace
Beckford, Ebenezer
Beede, C. 0.
Berry, Henry N.
Berry, Benj. J,
Bray, E. E.
Bray, Wm. A.
Breed, Amos E.
Breed, George H.
Breed, Henry H.
Breed, Richard

Moore, L. C.
Norwood, John K.
Oswald, William
Page, E. F.
Parker, Walter E.
Patterson, D. H.
Pedrick, W. R.
Richardson, E. P.
Robinson, H. B.
Ruht, Joseph
Russell, George W.
Russell, W. A.
Ryan, Thomas F.
Sanborn, Edwin M.
Sargent, A. E.
Saunders, Daniel
Saunders, Caleb

LYNN— 104.

Butman, Joseph E,
Butman, Wm. W.
Cain, Julia A. Mrs
Chase, L. H.
Chase, Amos F.
Cross, Alfred
Croscup, James A.
Cressey, John S.
Dwyer, Edward F.
Emery, George E.
Farrar, Joseph E.
Foster, George
Fry, Charles C.
Goodell, J. W.
Goodwin, Joseph W
Haskell, John C.
Haruden, Henry C.
Harris, N. S.
Hawkes, Nathan M
Heath, Henry A.

Shattuck, Joseph
Simpson, James R,
Small, Henry
Stanley, J. J.
Stearns, A. W.
Stowell, Joseph
Sylvester, Wm. H.
Talbot, C. C.
Tewksbury, R. H.
Tompkins, N. S. S.
Truell, Byron
Vector, F. M.
Wardsworth, CoraM,
Webster, H. K.
Wellman, John R.
Wiggin, Gilman F.
Wilson, Henry S.

Heath, James
Hill, E. L.
Hopkins, Fred L
Hovey, Rufus P.
Ingalls, James W.
Ireson, S. S.
Johnson, Jacob A.
Jepson, Eli
Joint, William H.
Kimball, Rufus
King, W. P.
Knox, David
Lamphier, Joseph A.
Lamphier, W. L.
.Lewis, Jacob M.
Mace, Frank W.
Marsh, George E.
Marsh, S. E.
May, Lyman A.
McBrien, Richard

195

McKenney, John H.
Merritt, Timothy
Mockett, Joseph E.
Mower, A. A.
Mower, M. V. B.
Mudge, John
Keal, Peter M.
Newhall, Asa T.
Newhall, G. A.
Newhall, Hiram L.
Newhall, George T.
Nichols, H. S.
Nichols, Otis
Nichols, Thomas P.
Norris, George jr.

Noyes, George C.
Oliver, John E.
Parsons, Charles E,
Pevear, G. K.
Pevear, H. A.
Phillips, B. Frank
Potter, Edward P.
Preble, J. H.
Ramsdell, Charles H,
Richards, Edward A
Rogers, Ira D.
Roney, Simon J.
Rounds, Herbert L.
Rowell, B. W.
Sargent, George D.

Sheehan, John
Shorey, John L.
Shorey, George L.
Sawyer, J. A. J.
Townes, Q. A.
Tyler, Thaddeus W.
Usher, Roland G.
Vickary, J. C.
Ward, Benj. A.
.Whipple, Geo. H.
Willey, James L.
Wilson, J. C.
Winslow, Aaron
Winslow, G. W.

Bancroft, J. K.
Cox, Thomas E. jr.
Cooper, C. A,
Danforth, John M.
Derby, Charles H.
Gerry, Elbridge F.
Griffin, George F.

LYNNFIELD— 19.

Hawkes, George L. Perkins, John
Herrick, George E. Perkins, J. Winslow
Mansfield, Andrew Roundy, George M,
Muuroe, Harry W. Roundy, W. R.
Munroe, Wilbur J, Smith, Henry E
Newhall, Frank Wheeler, L. H.

MANCHESTER— 18.

Allen, Wm, H. Cheever, Wm. M. Price, John

Baker, John Coolidge.T. JeffersonPrince, Chas. A,

Boardman, T. DennieFriend, Daniel W. Rockwell, A. P.
Burnham, John A. Higginson, Henry Rabardy, Julius F,
Cheever, John H. Lee, Allen Sturgis, Russell

Curtis, C. A. Merriam, Arthur M.Wigglesworth, Geo.

MARBLEHEAD— 14.

Alley, Amos P. Clough, A. W. Cronin, Michael

Appleton, Thomas Cloutman, B. Henry Dennis, W. John

196

Gregory, J. J, H. Hathaway,Joseph B.Phillips, Wm. S. jr.
Fabens, Frank L. Hathaway, Seth W. Ware, Benjamin P.
Hathaway, Amos C. Paine, Thomas W.

Adams, George
Haskell, Wm. H.
Loud, L. C.

MERRIMAC— 8.

Pike, James I).
Sargent, M. Perry
Sargent, Bailey

Sargent, Geo. W,
Sargent, P. Willis

Bradley, George B.
Buswell, Joseph E,
Butters, George A.
Butters, W. H.
Crosby, John S.
Dow, Virgil
Dwyer, Michael
Emerson, Jacob jr.
Frederick, John W.
George, John H.
Goss, Chas. E.

METHUEX— 33.

Hall, C. H.
How, Joseph
How, Joseph S.
Mann, C. W.
Morrison, D. T.
Noyes, David W.
Pedlar, S. J.
Phippen, G. S.
Parker, James 0.
Rogers, William M.
Russell, Fred A.

Russell, A. P.
Sargent, S. G.
Shirley, John W.
Sawyer, Chas. M.
Sleeper, Wm. C.
Smith, Walter
Swan, Leverett
Thurlow, J. E.
Tozier, C. L.
Thorp, Alfred
Webster, Frank W.

MIDDLETON— 11.

Berry, William Peabody, A. W.

Christopher, Wm. P. Stiles, Farnum
Currier, Geo. A. Stiles, Hiram A. -
Flint, James Stewart, Mrs. S. A.

Weston, Solomon W.
Wilkins, George P.
Wilkins, Lyman S.

Beal, James H.

Codman, Edw. W.

Goodale, Byron

Hodges, William D. Otis, Herbert F.

James, Geo. Abbott

NAHAl^T— 13.

Lodge, Henry Cabot Parker, E. Francis
Lovering, Charles T.Parker, Arthur H.
Merriam F. Upham, George P.

Whitney, George

197

Adams, Daniel D.
Adams, George W.
Adams, James K.
Adams, George E.
Adams, Charles E.
Bray, Richard S.
Bray, George W.
Boyuton, Charles
Coffin, Wm. P.
Colraan, Moses
Dole, Nathaniel
Forbes, A. B.
Hale, Stephen P.
Howard, Horatio M,
Ilsley, Edwin
Ilsley, Paul M.
Ilsley, Joseph
Jaques, Richard
Jaques, Richard T.

NEWBURY— 57.

Jaques, RichardT. jr.Noyes, Justin
Jaques, William Noyes, Horace P.

Kent, Edward

Knight, Edward S.
Little, Carleton
Little, Edward F.
Little, Joseph

Noyes, James
Noyes, Moses K.
Perkins, Wm. W.
Perkins, Frank
Perkins, Paul A.

Little, Nathaniel jr. Perkins, John W.
Little, William Pearson, Benj. jr.

Little, Wm. Burke Plummer, Daniel
Longfellow, HoraceFPlummer, Geo. H.
Longfellow, Joseph Rogers, Abial
Longfellow,Jos. Mrs. Rolf, John C.
Lucy, Gideon R. Rolfe, Joseph N.
Lunt, Charles M. Tenney, Henry L.
Moody, Nath'l W. Tenney, Elbridge
Moynihan,Cornelius Tenney, Daniel G.
Newman, Sidney F. Toomey, Mathew H.
Noyes, Edwin P. Woods, Charles W.

NEWBURYPORT— 58.

Adams, Philip D.
Adams, J. Quincy
Adams, Rufus
Allen, John W.
Balch, John H.
Bartlett, Chas. S.
Bartlett, T. K.
Batchelder, Dan'l C
Bayley, Wm. H.
Cashmau, Jeremiah
Capers, Thomas
Currier, Warren
Colman, James C.
Colman, William T.

Cook, T. N.
Cutter, Eben P.
Delauo, Otis
Dodge, E. P.
Evans, Frank W.
Griffin, Eliphalet
Hale, Joshua
,Hart, James S.
Hewett, C. C.
Huff, William
Jackman, George W
Johnson, Wm. R.
Kent, Otis L.
Knights, GeorgeW.

Knight, Joseph
Lewis, Samuel W.
Little, Hector
Little, John G.
Lunt, Charles
Maguire, C. N.
Merrill, Enoch
Moseley, Edward A.
Moseley, Edward S.
Mosely, Fred'k S.
Moulton, Henry W.
Moulton, Joseph
Newhall, Asa T.
Noyes, Isaac P.

198

Ordway, A. D. Rowe, D. T.

Perley, R. M. Sargent, John W.

Perkins, Charles Smith, Joseph B.
Plummer, Moses A. Stanley, B. F.
Plummer, Wm. C. Stanley, J. C.
Poore, George H.

Titcomb, Paul
Tilton, Enoch
Toppan, Edward S.
Winkley, J. Otis
Winkley, Paul T. jr.

Adams, Edward
Albeget, Lewis
Averill, George L.
Berry, Albert
Bodwell, S. B.

NO. ANDOVER— 52,
Farnham, Byron K.
Farnham, Mrs. B.
Farnham, J. L.
Farnham, W. Benj.
Foster, J. Frank

Butterfield,Chas. A. Foster, Orrin
Bassett, Leon H. French, J. D. W.

Barker, John
Burnham, Geo. L.
Carlton, Daniel A.
Carlton, Amos D.

Frye, Newton P.
Fuller, Abijah P.
Goodhue, Hiram P.
Greene, E. W.

Chever, William J. Hayes, Walter H.
Davis, George G. Holt, Peter, jr.

Davis, George E.
Davis, Geo. L.
Dale, William J.
Dale, Wm. J. jr.
Farnham, B. H.

Appleton, FraucisH,
Barrett, E. Pope
Barrett, Edward P.
Bodge, Henry
Buxton, Henry V.
Brown, Rufus H.
Brown, Lewis
Bushby, N. A.
Batchelder, CyrusT,
Brown, W. H.

Huges, Winfield S.
Jenkins, Benj. F.
Jenkins, Milon S.
Johnson, James T.

PEABODY— 74.
Brown, R. S.
Blake, E. L.
Blaney, Stephen
Buxton, Simon P.
Carroll, Thomas
Chadwick, Orv.illeB,
Clark, A. B.
Cody, James F.
Colcord, J. L.
Cummings, Daniel

Johnson, Charles F.
Kittredge , HannahE.
Loring, Geo. B. jr.
Manion, John
Mathewson, George
Montgomery, Jas. A.
Osgood, Isaac F.
Phillips, Willard P.
Poor, James C.
Riley, Plenry
Robinson, AddisonM.
Stevens, Moses T.
Stevens, Oliver
Symonds, Frederick
Wilson, Abiel
Wardwell, T. 0.
Wiley, John A.

Curtis, Andrew
Dole, William T.
Durkee, T. C.
Emerton, C. S.
Foster, Ira
Foster, George M.
Goodale, Jacob 0.
Hayes, Andrew J.
Haven, C. B.
Hill, W. L.

199

Hills, Benjamin M.
Herrick, John E.
Hoag, Charles E.
Hubbard, A. J.
Hutchinson, C. K.
King, George H.
King, J. Augustus
King; James P.
King, Jonathan
Linehan, John
Marsh, Fred
Mansfield, E.
Mansfield, ArthurW
Merrill, Amos
Morris, R. E.

Needham, George A.
Needham, Joseph S,
Newhall, Orlando F.
Nourse, SamuelW.
Osborne, Abraham C.
Osborn, Lyman E.
Osgood, William
O'Keefe, Timothy
Pepper, George W.
Preston, Levi
Quint, Nicholas M.
Raddin, Alonzo
.Eichardson, W. B.
Rogers, Jacob C.
Saltonstall, Henry-

Sheen, William E.
Southwick, Sumner
Taylor, Benj. H.
Taylor, Geo. W.
Thomas, Josiah B.
Twiss, Everett M.
Viles, Bowman
Walcott, John G.
Wallace, David B.
Walton, George D.
Wheeler,Benj. S.
Whipple, Horace P.
Wiley, William F.
Wilson, Robert H.

Appleton, Zeuo A.
iBlatchford, Eben
Bray, Humphrey P.
Dodd, Stephen
'Grimes, Loring
Lane, Andrew
Lane, Andrew, jr.
Lane, Horace

ROCKPORT— 23.
Low,MarthaJ. Mrs. Patch, William H.
Low, William Pool, Story D.

Manning, John J. Rowe, Amos
Manning, WilliamN.Smith, Allen
Merridew, James B. Smith, William H.
McNeil, William Smith, Solomon
Nickersou, Lewis E. Tufts, George W.
Norwood, Gorham

Bartlett, B. W.
Blodgette, George B.
Daniels, George E.
Dodge, Joseph D.
Dummer, Nath'l N.
Hale, Clara A.
Hale, Daniel H.
Hale, Thomas
Hale, Thaddeus

ROWLEY— 25.

Hale, Agues H.
Hale, T. P.
Key es, Eben S
Lambert, Mary G.
Mahoney, John
Mighill, Charles P.
Pike, John
Prime, Daniel B.
Potter, Edward H.

Smith, Willard P.
Stockbridge, Seth
Stockbridge, A. J.
Tenney, John H.
Todd, Frank P.
Todd, John F.
Todd, J. Scott

200

Andrews, Samuel P.
Almy, James F.
Abbott, Nathaniel
Bickerton, William
Cur wen, James B.
Chase, George
Curwen, Samuel H.
Clark, Charles S.
Collins, Wm. F. M.
Creesy, George W.
Daland, John
Endicott, Wm. C.
Felt, John
Foote, Caleb
Foster, Joseph C.
Foster, William J.
Goodhue, William P
Gardner, D. B.
Hathaway, John
Hale, Henry A.
Holman, Lyman
Horton, William A
Ives, John S.

Bartlett, Moses J.
Dole, Edward G.
Dow, George A.
Eaton, John F.
Evans, John Q.

Blodgett, J. W.
Faxon, M. B.
Faxon, John B.
Flye, John

SALEM— 66.

Joues, Samuel G.
Kemble, Arthur
Knight, Edmund F.
Lamson, Frederick
Little, Philip
Lord, William
Lander, William A.
Mack, William
Manning, Robert
Merrill, E. H.
Merritt, David
Morse, E. Henry
Northend, Wm. D.
Peabody, John P.
Perkins, E. R.
Porter, Ellis H.
Putnam, Henry W.
Phippen, Geo. D.
Potter, William
Pingree, David
Pettingell, George
Page, John G.
Page, James E.

Pickering, Benjamiri
Rantoul, Robert S.
Robinson, John
Ropes, Reuben W.
Rogers, A. D.
Reynolds, Henry E,
Rowell, E. F.
Ropes, Willis H.
Ropes, Charles F.
Ropes, John C.
Saunders, Robert J.
Shreve, 0. B.
Spencer, Charles P.
Swasey, John A,
Streeter, Gilbert L.
Tracey, Patrick
Ware, Horace C.
Wheatland, Henry
White, Frank W.
Whitmore, Wm. F.
Waters, David P.
Wyman, Isaac C.

SALISBURY— 15.

Getchell, N. Tracy Pettengill, Wesley
Greeley, Furmer H. Pettengill, JohnQ.A,
Greenleaf, Wm. H. Smith, John F.
Littlefield, Hiram Thornton, Robert
Littlefield, George E.True, P. Albert

SAUGUS— 15.

Hawkes, Samuel
Hawkes, Louis P.
Hawkes, Lewis W.
Hill, Alfred C.

Newhall, Joseph
Xoble, William
Penney, George H.
Scott, Andrew

George, Henry M. Newhall, Herbert B. Whitehead, Joseph

Crosman/S.'F.
Pettingell, L. D.
Pettingell, S. J.

20I

SWAMPSCOTT— 7.

Rowe, Allen Warren, David

Washburne, John Warren, Mrs. N. J.

TOPSFIELD— 16.

Averill, George F. Manning, James Towne, Frank H.

Bradstreet, Dudley Mason, Alphonso Ward, Richard

Herrick,[Charles Peabody, Charles J. Wildes, Eugene L.

Hood, Salmon D. Pike, Baxter P. Wilson, James

LamsoUj^J. Arthur Poole, Benjamin Woodbury, Isaac M.
Leach, Charles H.

WENHAM— 18.
Alley, Henry Dodge, Robert F.

Batchelder,T.WilsonDodge, George F.
Cole, Zacariah Dodge, William P.

Conant, John P. Hobbs, A. F.
Day, Everett K. Hobbs, Henry
Demsey, H. H. Kavanagh, J.

Morgan, William B,
Pingree, David
Peabody, George
Patch, Henry
Perkins, Nath'l P.
Tilton, George H.

WEST NEWBURY— 45.
Bailey, William P. Gordan, J. R. Newell, Richard

Bailey, Lawrence H.Gowen, Mrs. C. W. Noyes, Stephen E.
Bartlett, M. Walsh Gowen, Francis H. Ordway, Cyrus D.
Boynton, Eben M. Gowen, Oscar Ordway, Cyrus K.

Brown, Hayden Jacques, Romulus Ordway, Charles W.
Brown, Leander F. Jacques, Stephen A. Pierce, George J.

Bryant, William
Carr, E. Dole
Carr, Sanjuel
Connor, M. H.
Evans, Charles M.
Follansbee, B. A.
Flook, George L.

King, T. J.
Lane, Isaac N.
Merrill, William
Merrill, William E.
Merrill, Henry
Moore, Alfred L.
Nason, Ezekiel G.

Goodridge, David L. Nason, Henry F.
Goodridge, H. M. Nelson, Daniel P.

Pierce, Henry J.
Poor, Fred H.
Poore, Moses H.
Prince, S. R.
Rogers, George C.
Stanwood, Moses P.
Talton, John C.
Thurlow, Thomas C,
Titcomb, Silas M. C.

202

NON-RESIDENTS— 140.
Allen, Henry C.,Keene,N. H. Drew, Charles R., Medford
Alley, James E. Eaton, Thos., Harriston, 111,

Ames, Amos L., Tacoma, Wash.Emanuel, Henry, New York
Armitage, John S., Wellesley Estes,AldenC., SanLandro,Cal.
Babson, Gustavus, jr., Seward, Oilman, Frederic, N. H.

Neb. Farwell, Edwin C, Reading

Ealch, Eustis, California Eelton, Wm. H., Sherborn

Balch, William H., Maiden Fernald, Henry B., Washington
Baker, John, Sanborn, Col. Flint, Horace P., Boston
Barker, John G., Boston Foster, James B., Melrose

Beckford, C. H., Boston Fowler, W. W., Plymouth

Bennett, Charles, So. Gard- French, Charles, Davenport, 0.

ner, Mass. French, Geo. H., Davenport, O.

Blake, J. P., Newton Gannett, W. W., Boston

Black, James D., Harvard Gaffney, Cornelius, So. Boston
Bodwell, Henry A.,Keene,N.H.Gilman, S. E., Kingston, N. H.
Bodwell, Jos.R.,Hallowell,Me.Gookin, Samuel F., Boston
Brackett, H. Clarke, Virginia Green, John A., New York
Burnham, Choate, Boston Greene, Arthur M.Philadelphia

Burnham, IraT., Lexington Gulliver, Francis,Binghampton
Butler, Benjamin F., Lowell N. Y.
Caldwell, L., Jacksonville, Fla.Hadley, Wm., Boston
Campbell, Charles H., New Ro-Hale, Joseph S., Lugonia, San

chelle, N. Y. Bernandino Co., Cal.

€arey, James, Quincy Hayes, J. F. C, Iowa

Carey, James, New York Hicock, S. S., Rochester, N. H.

€hapiu, W. C.,Providence,R. I.Hill, E. L., Templeton, Mass.
Chase, Joseph S., Maiden Hill, Mark F., Derry, N. H.

Cheever, John H., Somerville Holt, H. E., Lexington
Clarke, Joseph F., Boston Hubbard,J.G.,Hampste'd,N.H.
Cleveland, H. W. S., Chicago Hutchinson, C. H., Rhinebeck,
Colby, Charles A., New York N. Y.
Currier, William A., Boston Kent, Albert S., Colorado
Day, Abraham, Boston Kimball, Jonathan, Boston

Davis, Phineas E., Chicago Kimball, W.F.,Providence,R.I.
Dodge, Albert W., Brighton King, D. Webster, Boston
Dodge, John S., Chicopee Knight, J. M., Maine

Dole, Francis F., Chicopee Lamb, Wm. D,, Southbridge

203

Xake, Chas. H., Churchill, Md. Raymond, Samuel, New York

Loverinp^jJohuH., MarlboroughRea, Loring B., Miles City,

Low, Sidney, Groton Mont.

Low, Aaron, Hiugham Reynolds, W. B., Derry, N. H.

Lyford, Geo. H., New York Robinson, John L., Manches-

Mann, Otis, Springfield ter, N. H.

Martin, Walter T., Dover,]S[.H.Rogers, Isaiah S., Somerville

McFarland, L., Maine Rogers, Benjamin, Maiden

Merrill, Geo. F., No. Hampton, Rogers, William, Illinois

N. H. Safford, N. T.,Dunbarton,N.H.

Merrill, Hay den A., Dedham Sargent, Elmer P., Maiden
Mills, R. P., Abbott, Col. Sargent, G. P.,Philadelphia,Pa.
Mitchell, Charles, Milton Shattuck, Chas. W.,Winchester

Mitchell, Seth, Boston Shattuck, L. P., Boston

Moulton, Beverly S., Boston Sleeper, S. C, Plaistow, N. H.
Nelson, D. Oscar, Portsmouth, Smith, Beaman C.,Charlestown

0. Smith, George J., Boston

Nichols, Albert, Chicago, 111. Spofford, Farnham, Washington
Nichols, D. P., Boston Spring, J. E., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Noyes, A. P., Lowell Stanley, Samuel S., Boston

•Ordway, G. W., Manch'r, N.H.Stanwood, Joseph T., Maiden
Page, Adino, Metaraora, 111. Stickney, (^harles, Fon du Lacj
Page, Nathan jr., Wakefield Wis.

Palmer, Charles L., Cotton Stickney, Niles T., Chicago,Ill.

Wood, Idaho Co., Idaho Stone, Edwin M., Prov. R. I.
Palmer, Frank H., N. Wey- Tappan, S. B., Arlington

mouth, Mass. Taylor, George H., Everett

Patch, A. H.,C]arkville,Tenn.Titcomb, Charles A., Boston
Payson, Samuel F., New York Trask, Alfred M., Brockton
Perry, GeorgeS.,Brattleboro,Vt. Walker, Dexter M., Boston
Phelps, N. L., Iowa Ward, Winsor M., Wakefield

Phillips, A. P., Medfield Ware, Darwin E., Boston

Phillips, Samuel, Brighton Webb, Michael, jr., Cambridge
Pierce, William, Boston Wentzel, David, Amherst

Poor, Henry, New York Wheeler, H. T., Worcester

Porter, Dudley H., Saratoga Whitman, P. A., Lexington
Pratt, S. S., Revere Whittemore, Chas. A., Boston

Putnam, Benjamin C, ChelseaWhittemore, J. R., Chicopee
Putnam,MosesW.,Phila., N. Y. Wilder, S. W., Lowell

Total number, December, 1892 — 1386 resident members,

140 non-resident members. Grand total, 1526 members.

List of Premiums Awarded 1892.

FAT CATTLE.

Shattuck Brothers, Lawrence, for oxen, first premium, $8 00
J. P. Little, Amesbury, for oxen, second premium, 6 00

J. P. Little, Amesbury, for fat ox, first premium, 7 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, for fat cow, second pre-
mium, 5 00

BULLS.

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, best bull of any age or

breed, with five of his stock, Diploma and 10 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, bull calf, first premium, 2 00

E. C. Little, Haverhill, Holstein bull, first premium, 8 00
Plato Eames, Andover, Jersey bull, first premium, 4 00

F. H. Foster, Andover, Guernsey bull, first premium, 8 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire bull, first pre-
mium, 4 00

E. C. Little, Haverhill, Jersey bull calf, first premium, 2 00
S. S. Lewis, Lawrence, Yearling Jersey bull, first pre-
mium, 4 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein bull calf, first pre-
mium, 2 00'

MILCH cows.

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire cow, first pre-
mium, 15 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire cow, first pre-
mium, 10 OO

J. F. Gulliver, Andover, Jersey cow, first premium, 10 00

J. F. Gulliver, Andover, Jersey cow, for most butter

in one week, first premium, 10 00'

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein cow, first pre-
mium, 10 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, grade cow, second pre-
mium, 4 00

205
James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein cow, first pre-

10 00

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

Leverett Swan, Methuen, five grade cows, first pre-
mium, 18 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, five Ayshire cows, sec-
ond premium, 12 00

HEIFERS PURE BRED.

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire, first pre-
mium, 9 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire, second pre-
mium, 4 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayshire, first pre-
mium, 5 00
E. C. Little, Haverhill, Holstein, first premium, 5 00
M. H. Connor, West Newbury, Ayshire, first premium, 5 00
J. F. Gulliver, Andover, Jersey, first premium, 5 00
J. F. Gulliver, Andover, Jersey, second premium, 6 00
S. S. Lewis, Lawrence, Holstein, first premium, 5 00
S. D. Weston, Middleton, Jersey calf, first premium 5 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, 5 00

HEIFERS NATIVE OR GRADE.

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, grade Ayshire, sec-
ond premium, 4 00

J, D. W. French, No. Andover, grade Jersey, second

premium, 4 00

Daniel G. Carlton, No. Andover, grade Holstein, sec-
ond premium, 4 00

George Ripley, Andover, grade Jersey, first premium, 5 00

George L. Burnhara, No. Andover, grade Holstein, sec-
ond premium, 6 00

Plato Fames, Andover, grade Holstein, first premium, 5 00

W. S. Hughes, No. Andover, grade Jersey, first pre-
mium, 5 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, grade Holstein, first pre-
mium, 9 00

206

WOKKING OXEN AND STEERS.

J. P. Little, Amesbury, for steers, first premiui^.i, $10 OO

B. H. Farnham, No. Andover, for oxen, first premium, 12 00
Daniel A. Carleton, No. Andover, for oxen, second pre-
mium, 10 00
Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton, for oxen, third pre-
mium, 8 00

TOWN TEAMS.

North Andover Town Team, 13 pr. horses, first pre-
mium, 20 OO

STEERS.

Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton, 3 year old steer, sec-
ond premium, 6 00
Daniel lugalls, No Andover, yearlings, first premium, 5 00
B. W. Farnham, No. Andover, steer calves, first pre-
mium, 4 00'

STALLIONS FOR DRIVING.

Joseph Stowell, Lawrence, stallion, "Creditor," with

5 of his stock, Diploma and 15 00

Edward J. Castle, Lawrence, bay stallion, first pre-
mium, 10 00

A. J. Connor, Lawrence, black stallion, third premium, 4 00

Mrs. J. J. Downing, Andover, black stallion, first pre-
mium, 8 00

Eufus Goodwin, Haverhill, black stallion, second pre-
mium, 5 00

W. S. Messerve, Haverhill, brown stallion, seaond pre-
mium, 6 00

BROOD MARES FARM PURPOSES.

Leverett Swan, ^Methuen, brood mare, first premium, 10 00
John H. George, Methuen, chestnut mare, second pre-
mium, 6 00^
S. F. Newman, Newbury, brood mare, third premium, 4 00

BROOD MARES FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, bay mare, first premium, 10 00

207

J. B. Parkhurst, Boxford, brood mare, second pre-
mium, 6 OO

Arthur H. Messerve, No. Andover, brood mare, third
premium,

4 00'

6 00

4 00

10 00

6 00'

4 00

FAMILY HORSES.

M. C. Andrews, Andover, "Princess," first premium, 10 00
M. H. Connor, West Newbury, "Nelly," second pre-
mium,
J. M. Smith, Lawrence, third premium,

gents' driving horses.
E. L. Barnes, Methuen, first premium,
Isaac C. Brown, Methuen, second premium,
Geo. L. Burnham, No. Andover, third premium,

SINGLE FARM HORSES.

Michael Dwyer, Methuen, Percheron mare, first pre-
mium, 10 00
John H. Perkins, Lyuufield, bay mare, second pre-
mium,
M. H. Poor, West Newbury, third premium,
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, first premium,
Fred Symonds, No, Andover, second premium,
Richard Newell, West Newbury, third premium,

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.

George E. Kline, Lawrence, first premium,
Carlton Little, Newbury, second premium,
Mrs. J. J. Downing, Andover, first premium,
James C. Poor, No, Andover, second premium,

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES,

John H. George, Methuen, yearling, first premium,

Woodbury Smith, Rowley, 2 yr. old, second premium,

E. C. Little, Haverhill, third premium,

P. Averill, Lawrence, second premium,

John Barker, No. Andover, 2 yr. old. first premium,

R. T. Jaques jr., Newbury, first premium,

M. H. Connor, West Newbury, second premium,

6 00

4

00

10 00

6 00

4

00

10

00

8

00

10

00

8

00

6

00

5

00

3

00

3

00

8

00

8

00

5

00

208

COLTS FOR GENERAL PURPOSES.

Alfred Thorpe, Methuen, 4 yr. old, first premium, 8 00
John H. Perkins, Lynnfield, 3 yr. old, first premium, 6 00
J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, 3 yr. old, second premium, 3 00
M. H. Connor, West Newbury, 4 yr. old, second pre-
mium, 5 00
Woodbury Smith, Kowley, 2 yr. old, first premium, 8 00
Charles W. Mann, Methuen, second premium, 5 00
J. H. Nason, Boxford, third premium, 3 00
G. H, Hanscom, Haverhill, first premium, 5 00
E. C. Little, Haverhill, second premium, 3 00

SWINE.

Isaac C. Brown, Methuen, Yorkshire boar, second pre-
mium, 5 00
Isaac C. Brown, Methuen, Chester pigs, second pre-
mium, 5 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Chester white boar, second pre-
mium, 5 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, breeding sow, second premium, 5 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Yorkshire sow, first premium, 8 00
Kichard Newell, West Newbury, weaned pigs, first pre-
mium, 8 00
A. G. Playdon, Andover, sow and pigs, first premium, 8 00
J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, Chester white boar, first

premium, 8 00

M. B. Chesley, Amesbury, breeding sow, first premium, 8 00
M. B. Chesley, Amesbury, Cheshire sow, second pre-
mium, 5 00
M. B. Chesley, Amesbury, Cheshire pigs, first premium, 8 00
M. H. Gould, Andover, Cheshire boar, first premium, 8 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, small Yorkshire sow

and pigs, first premium, 8 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, small Yorkshire boar,

first premium, 8 00

SHEEP.

Richard Newell, West Newbury, 10 grade Southdown

ewes, first premium, 10 00

209

J. D. W. Freuch, ISTo. Andover, Oxfordshire buck, tirst

premium, 8 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, 10 grade Shropshire

ewes, second premium, 6 00

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAM,

J. P. Little, Amesbury, first premium, 10 00

B. H. Farnham, No. Andover, second premium, 8 00

PLOUGHING WITH SINGLE TEAM.

Wm. P. Christopher, Middleton, first premium, 10 00

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES.

Carlton Little, Newbury, first premium,

Moses H. Poor, West Newbury, second premium,

E. C. Little, Haverhill, third premium,

PLOUGHING WITH OXEN, SWIVEL PLOUGH.

Lyman S. Wilkins, Topsfield, second premium,
Daniel A. Carlton, No. Andover, first premium,

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES, SWIVEL PLOUGH.

F. A. Kussell, Methuen, first premium,
Isaac C. Brown, Methuen, second premium,

PLOUGHING WITH THREE HORSES.

M. H. Connor, West Newbury, first premium, 10 00

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOUGH.

F. A. Russell, Methuen, first premium, 10 00

George E. Kline, Lawrence, second premium, 8 00

GRAIN CROPS.

Henry M. Killam, Boxford, crop of corn, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Chas. A. Andrews, Boxford, crop of corn, second pre-
mium, 5 00

C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, crop of oats,

first premium, 10 00

C. K. Ordway & Sou, West Newbury, crop of hay,

first premium, 10 00

M. H. Connor, West Newbury, crop of rye, first pre-
mium, 10 00'

10

00

7

00

5

00

8

00

10

00

10

00

8

00

210

Hartwell B. Abbott, Andover, crop of rye, first pre-
mium, 5 00

ROOT CROPS.

C. C. Blunt, Andover, crop of English turnips, first

premium, 10 00

C. C. Blunt, Andover, crop of parsnips, first premium, 10 00

C. C. Blunt, Andover, crop of carrots, second premium, 5 00

Kent & Marsh, iSTewburyport, crop of onions, first pre-
mium, " 10 00

John H, George, Methuen, crop of onions, second pre-
mium, 5 00

E. C. Little, Haverhill, crop of potatoes, first premium, 10 00

J, Henry ISTasoUj.Boxford, crop of potatoes, second pre-
mium, 5 00

Daniel A. Carlton, No. Andover, crop of cabbages, first

premium, 10 00

Walter Smith, Methuen, crop of cabbages, second pre-
mium, ^ 5 00

E. C. Little, Haverhill, crop of mangolds, first pre-
mium, 10 00

SMAIL FRUITS.

J. Webb Barton, Danvers, crop of strawberries, first

premium, 10 00

ESSAYS AND REPORTS.

Dr. Chas. W. Page, Danvers, Essay and tabulated

statement of product of milk of Asylum farm, 25 00

Jas. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, report on Agricultural

Implements, 10 00

J. W. Goodell, Lynn report on grapes, peaches and as-
sorted fruit, 8 00

" OTHER AWARDS.

Awarded by Committee on Granges, 100 00

" Poultry, 101 00

" Harrows, 10 00

" Agricultural Implements, 32 00

" " '•' " Dairy, 34 00

" " " Carriages, 23 00

211

Awarded by Committee on Bread and Canned Fruit, 25 00

" " " Pears, 68 00

'' " " Apples, 70 50

" " " Peaches, Grapes, etc., 39 50

" " " Plants, 16 00

" " " Flowers, 78 25

" " " Vegetables, 169 50

" " " Forest Trees, 30 00

" " " Grain and Seed, 25 00

" " " Counterpanes and Afghans, 24 75

" "' " Carpets and Rugs, 21 00

" " " Manufactures from Leather, 19 00

" " " Manuf. and General Mdse., 17 25

" " " Fancy Work, 42 75

" " " Art Work, 50 00

" " " Work by Children, 9 00

" • " " Experiment with Manures, 10 00

RECAPITULATION.

Awarded for Ploughing,

FARM STOCK.

Awarded for

Fat Cattle,

26 00

i(

Bulls,

44 00

(I

Milch Cows,

69 00

(1

Herds of Milch Cows,

45 00

a

Heifers,

96 00

t(

Working Oxen and Steers,

40 00

(I

Steers,

. 15 00

n

Town Teams,

20 00

u

Horses,

288 00

(I

Swine,

97 00

11

Sheep,

24 00

tt

Poultry,

101 00

1114 oa

865 00

FIELD AND EXPERIMENTAL CROPS.

Awarded for Grain Crops, 50 00

Root Crops, 80 00

Fruit Crops, 10 00

FARM AND GARDEN PRODUCTS

Awarded for Grain and Seed,

25 00

" " Vegetables,

169 50

" " Fruits,

178 00

" " Plants and Flowers,

94 25

DAIRY PRODUCT.

Awarded for Butter,

28 00

Dressed Poultry and Eggs,

6 00

140 00

466 75

34 00

213

DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES.

Awarded for Bread, Canned Fruit, etc., 25 00

" " Counterpanes and Afghans, 24 75

" " Carpetings and Kugs, 21 00

" " Articles Manuf. from Leather, 19 00

" " Manufactures and Gen. Mdse. 17 25

" " Fancy Work, 42 75

" " Work of Art, 50 00

" " Children's Work, 9 00

MISCELLANEOUS,

Awarded for Agricultural Implements,

42 00

" Carriages,

23 00

" Forest Trees,

30 00

" Granges,

100 00

" New Members,

6 00

-' Essays, Reports, etc..

43 00

" Experiment with Manures,

10 00

208 75

254 00

TOTAL.

The amount of $2081. 50 was awarded to 395 individuals
and firms, in 27 different cities and towns in the county as
follows :

Methuen,

Marblehead,

Middleton,

Newbury,

Newburyport,

North Andover,

Peabody,

Rockport,

Rowley,

Amesbury,

Andover,

Beverly,

Boxford,

Danvers,

Georgetown,

•Gloucester,

Groveland,

Haverhill,

Lawrence,

Lynn,

Lynnfield,

Merrimac,

$73 75

217 25

10 00

97 50

53 00

5 00

2 00

12 50

73 50

342 50

72 00

12 00

5 00

Salem,
Saugus,
Swampscott,
Topsfield,

1232 75
33 50
38 00
91 00
32 50
432 50
44 75

2 00
25 00

3 00
13 00

3 00
31 50

West Newbury, $123.00

214

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

Keceipts for Admission to Hall, $1083 00

" " " " Dinner, 154 00

" " Grounds for various purposes, 141 55
" from Electric R. R. Co. 50 00

$1428 55

Expenses, including Tent-hire, Halls and Dinner, 1108 03
Amount paid Treasurer, f 320 52

1893.
PREMIUM LIST OF

Essex Agricultural Society,

FOK THE

Seventy-Third Annual Cattle Show and Fair,
To be held at Haverhill.

Duties of Trustees.

The trustee of each town is iustructed to see the several mem-
bers of Committees in his town previous to the Show, and urge
upon them the importance of attending to their duties. Also im-
press upon exhibitors from localities near to the Exhibition, the
importance of entering their exhibits for the hall, the afternoon
and evening of Monday, in fairness to those from a distance, who
are obliged to come Tuesday.

To be prompt at the meeting in June for filling Committees,
and at the meeting of the Society for filling vacancies in commit-
tees on the first day of the Exhibition, making sure that the names
proposed at those meetings are of persons who will serve.

Duties of Committees.

Committees on live stock and articles exhibited on the Fair
Grounds should appear at the Secretary's oflice on the grounds, at
one o'clock, punctually, on the first day of the exhibition, and
there organize, take the books of entry, and proceed at once to
business. Committees in hall, should take the books of entry from
the Superintendent, promptly after the entries close.

Full reports of awards by committees, on the blanks furnished
by the Secretary, to be signed by all the members acting on the
same, are required of each committee.

Three members of any committee consisting of more than that
number are authorized to act.

I^^No member of the Society shall act on any committee of
which he is an exhibitor in the same class.

2l6

The Diploma of the Society being considered the highest premi-
um that can be awarded, no committee is authorized to award it,
except for animals and articles of special merit, deserving of in-
dorsement and recommendation by the Society.

No committee is authorized to award gratuities, except the com-
mittee on agricultural implements, carriages, bread, honey, and
canned fruits, domestic manufactures, fruits, vegetables in hall,
and flowers; or any premium, unless the rules of the Society have
been strictly complied with . jSTeither shall they award premiums
or gratuities in excess of the amount appropriated.

No gratuity is to be awarded of less than flftv cents.

The several committees are requested to affix premium cards,
and also on animals, blue, white, and red printed premium ribbons
(which may be had of the Secretary or assistant on the grounds
and at the hall), for the several animals or articles desiginating the
grade of premium awarded each, and the name of the person to
whom awarded, and special care should be taken that the cards
issued correspond with the awards in their report to the Society.

The reports of awards of premiums on ploughing and on animals
and articles exhibited at the Show, must be delivered promptly to
the Secretary for announcement on Thursday.

The Society offers liberal premiums for the best reports of com-
mittees; and the chairman of the several committees are requested
to present to the Secretary a full report explanatory of the opinions
of the committee on the matter referred to them, within two weeks
after the awards are made at the Show, for publication in the
Transactions.*

Reports on farms, crops, etc., to be presented previous to the
meeting of the Trustees in November,

Any member of a committee who cannot serve on the same is re-
quested to give notice to the Secretary, before the ,S}ww, so that the
vacancy may be filled.

Each member of the several committees will receive a ticket of
admission to the hall of exhibition, on application to the Secretary.

*Chairmen of committees will please notice this request.

General Rules.

(Jomxjetitors are requested to carefully read the rules and premium
list before making Hntries.

Claims (entries) for premiums to be awarded at the Exhibition
on the Fair Grounds,) other than live stock, must be entered with
the Secretary of the Society, or his agent, and in the Exhibition
Hall, on or before 11 A. M., of the first day thereof.

All entries of live stock must be entered with the Secretary at
least one week previous to the holding of the Fair, and no entries
will be received after that date.

Any person not a member of the Society, awarded seven dollars
and upwards, shall receive a certificate of membership, for which
three dollars of his award will be takeu to increase the funds of
the Society.

217

Diplomas awarded will be delivered and premiums paid, to the
person to whom the premium or eratuity is awarded, or an asfent
duly authorized, on application to the Treasurer, nt First National
Bank, Salem, on and alter the fourth Monday of November.

All premiums and gratuities awarded, the iiaynient of which is
not demanded of the Treasurer on or before the tirst day of Sep-
tember next succeeding the Exhil)ition, will be cons-idered as given
to increase the funds of the Society.

In all cases the reports of awards of premiums and gratuities
made by the several committees and adopted by the Society shall
be final. Committees should see that the premium curds issued, cor-
respond with the premiums and gratuities awarded in their reports.

No person shall be entitled to receive a premium, unless he com-
plies with the conditions on which the premiums are offered, and
by profjer entry as required, .i;ives notice of his intention to com-
pete for the same; and committees are instructed to award no
premium unless the animal or article offered is worthy.

No animal or object that is entered in one class, with one com-
mittee shall be entered in another class, except town teams, fat
cattle, working oxen, working steers, and farm horses, which may
be eutei'ed for ploughing, and milch cows, which may be entered
with a herd.

In reojard to all subjects for which premiums are offered it is to
be distinctly understood that the Trustees reserve to themselves
the right of judgiag the quality of the animal or article ottered;
and that no premium will be awarded unless the objects of them
are of decidedly superior quality.

Pure Bred Animals, delined by the State Board of Agriculture.

Tlie p7-oof ihnt an animal is so bred should be a record of the an-
imal or its ancestors, as recorded in some herd book, recognized by
leading breeders and the public generally, as complete and authen-
tic.

Standards adopted: — American Jersey C. C lle<rister and
American Jersey Herd Book, Ayrshire Record and Holstein Herd
Book.

Premiums to be Awarded at the Show.

The Committees loill take notice that no premium will he awarded
unless the animals or objects are of a decidedly superior quality.

Diplomas may be awarded for animals OR articles oispecial
merit, in all departments of the Fair.

Cattle and other Farm Stock.

TO BE ENTERED IN THE NAME OF THEIR REAL OWNER.

All animals to be eliirible to a premium, shall have been raised
by the owner within the County, or owned by the exhibitor within
the County, four months previous to the date of Exhibition, ex-
cept Working Oxen, and Working Steers.

2l8

All animals, whether teams for ploughhig, or animals entered for
premium or exhibitiou, will be fed during the Exhibition, and
longer when they are of necessity prevented from leaving, at the
expense of the Society.

FAT CATTLE,

Fat cattle, fatted within the County, regard being had to manner
of feeding, and the expense thereof, all of which shall be stated by
the exhibitor in writing, and returned to the Secretary, with com-
mittee's report.
For Pairs of Fat Cattle, premiums, S8, G, 3

For Fat Cows, premiums, S7, 5

BULLS.

* Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein, Guernsey or of
any other recognized breed, for each breed.

Two years old and upwards, premiums, .IfS, 4

Under two years, for each breed, $4, 3

Bull Calves under one year old, premium for each breed, $2

BULLS OF ANY AGE OR BREED.

For the best bull of any age or breed, with five of his stock not less
than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into account,
and especially the adaptability of the animal to the agriculture of
the County. Diploma and SIO

Note.— Competitors are required to give a written statement of pedigree,
and committees are requested to be i>articular in this respect, and return
them to tlie Secret iry witli reiiort.

MILCH COWS.

For the best Milch Cow any age or breed, with satisfactory
record in quarts or pounds by her daily yield of milk for one or
more years, premium, .'?15^

For''Milch Cows, either Foreign, Native or Grade, not less than
four nor more than ten years old, with satisfactory evidence as to
quantity and quality of milk by weight during one full month, prem-
iums, " ^10, 4

Milch Cows, Ayrshire, Jersey, Devon, Short Horn, Holstein,
Guernsey, or any other recognized breed, four years old and up-
wards, premiums, for each breed, ilO, 4

For Native or Grade Cows, four years old and upwards, prem-
iums, iiflO, 4

For the Cows that make the most butter in any single week from
June Islto September 15th, premiums, 'IrlO, 4

Note. — A written statement will be required of tlie age and breed of all
Milch Cows entered, and time they dropped their last calf, and when they
will next calve, tlie kind, quality and quantity of their food during the sea-
son, and the manner of their feeding, which statement is to be rettu'ued to
the Secretary with Committee's report.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

For herds of Milch Cows, not less than five in number, to be ex-
hibited at the Show, and a correct statement of manner of keeping.
and yield for one year preceding the Show, premiums, .1fl8, 12.

219

For the greatest produce of milk on any farm, in proportion to
the number of cows producing it, not less than four, from April 1,
1889 to April 1. 1890, statement to be made of the exchanges made,
manner, and expense of (ood, use made of milk, and such other
facts as will illustrate the entire managament, special regard being
had to the mode in which the account is kept, premium,

Diploma and iff 15

Note. — The above-mentioried statements are to be returned to the Secre-
retary with Committee's report. The Committee can accept statements dat-
ing from January 1st, preceding the Show.

HEIFERS.

First Class.— Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein,

Guernsey, or any other recognized breed, under four years old in

milk, premiums, for each breed, $9, 6

Two years old of each breed, that have never calved, premiums,

.«5, 4
One year olds of each breed, premiums, S5, 4

Heifer Calves, under one year, j^remiums for each breed, $5 4
Second Class.— Native or Grade Milch, under four years old,
premiums, S9, 6

Two year olds, that have never calved, premiums, S5, 4

One year olds and less than two, premiums, $5, 4

Heifer calves, Native or Grade, under one year old, premiums,

S5, 4

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

Stags excluded. For pairs of Working oxen under eight and not
less than five years old, taking inlo view their size, power, quality
and training, premiums, .1^12, 10, 8

For pairs of Working Steers, four years old, to be entered in the
name of 'the owner, premiums, ,^10, 6

Note. — Tlie Committee are required to consider the quality and shape of
the cattle as well as their worldnii capacity. The training of working oxen
and steers will be tested by trial on a cart or wagon containing a load
weijihing two tons for oxen, and oOOO pounds for steers. jJ^^^At ithe time
of entry a certilicate of tlie weight of the cattle must be tiled with the Sec-
retary.

TOWN TEAMS.

For Town Tea'ns of Oxen, ten yoke or more in a team, prem-
iums, S20, 12

For Town Teams of Horses, ten or more pairs in a team, prem-
iums, .$20, 12

FARM TEAMS.

For the best Farm Team of not less than two Pairs of Oxen, or
two pairs of Horses, owned and used on one farm, premiums, .$5, 3

STEERS.

For paiis of three year old Steers, broken to the yoke, pre-
miums. S8, 6
For pairs of two year old Steers, premiums, $6, 5
For pairs of yearling Steers, premiums, $5, 4
For pairs of Steer Calves, premiums, f4, 2

220

STALLIONS.

First Class. — For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, four
years old and upwards, diploma or premiums, ^10, 6, 4

For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, three years old, prem-
iums, $8, 5
For best Stallion of any a^re. and five colts of his stock, not less
than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into account,

Diploma and $15
Skcond CLASS.^For Stallions for Driving purposes, four years
old and upwards, premiums, .^10, 6, 4

For Stallions for Driving purposes, three years old, premiums,

S8, 5
For best Stallion of any age and five colts of his stock, not less
than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into account,

Diploma and $15

Note. — No Stallion will be entitled to a preminm unless free from all
apparent defects capable of being transmitted. All Stallions entered in
«ither class must have been owned by the exhibitor four mouths previous to
the exhibition.

BROOD MARES.

First Class. — For Brood Mares for Farm and Draft Purposes,
with iheir foal not more than eight months old, by their side, prem-
iums, 810, 6, 4

Second Class. — For Brood Mares for Driving jnirposes, with
their foal not more than eight months old, by their side, premiums,

$10, 6, 4

Note. — No brood mare will be entitled to a premium unless free from all
apparent defects capable of being transmitted.

FAMILY HORSES.

For Family horses, premiums, $10, 6, 4

Note. — No horse will receive a premium unless free from all unsoundness.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.
For Gentlemen's Driving Horses, premiums, $10, 6, 4

FARM HORSES.
For Farm Horses, weighing 1200 lbs. and over, premiums,

$10, 6, 4
For Farm Horses weighing less than 1200 lbs., premiums, $10, 6, 4

Note. — No horse will be allowed except those actually iised on farms,
whether the owner has a farm or not. The weight of load to be used in
trial of Farm Horses is to be fixed upon by the committee of arrangements
for drafting, the difference in the load for horses of 1200 lbs. and over, and
those under 1'200 lbs. to be 1000 lbs., and between the two classes of pairs,
2000 ll)s. No obstruction shall be placed either before or behind the wheels
in trials of Draft Horses of either class. But wheels to be trigged to hold
the load when they stop on a hill. If this rule is not comijiled with, the
premiums shall be withheld.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES.
First Class. — For pairs of Farm Horses, weighing 2500 lbs.
and upwards, (see above note) premiums, $10, 8

221

Second Class. — For pairs of Farm Horses, weighing less than
2500 lbs. (see above note) premiums, S^IO, 8

COLTS FOR DRAFT PURPOSES.

First Class. — For Mare or Gelding four year old Colts, pre-
miums, §8, o, 3

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, $6, 3

Second Class. — For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, two year old
Colts, premiums, S8. 5, 3

For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, yearling Colts, premiums. So, 3

COLTS FOR DRIYIN'G PURPOSES.

First Class. — For Mare or Gelding four year old Colts. ])re-
miums, ^ !$8, 5, 3

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, $6, 3

Second Class. — For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, two year old
Colts, premiums, S8, 5, 3

For Stallion, Gelding or Mare yearling Colts, premiums, So, 3

SWINE.

First Class. — Large breeds, viz: Cheshire, Berkshire, Ches-
ter County White. Poland China, Large Yorkshire, and any other
breed or grade weighing mora than 300 lbs. at maturity.

For Boars, premiums, S8, 5

For Breeding Sows, with their pigs by their side, premiums,

SS, 5

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between two and
four months old, premiums, $8, 5

Second Class. — Small breeds, such as Suffolk, Essex, Small
Yorkshire, China, and any other breed or grade weighing less than
300 lbs. at maturity.

For Boars, premiums, ,S8, 5

For breeding Sows, with their pigs by their side, premiums,

S8,5

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between two and
four months old, premiums, $8, 5

SHEEP,

For flocks of Sheep not less than ten in number.
For each Breed, premiums, SIO, 6

For best Buck, premium, S8

For lots of Lambs, not less than four in number, between four
and twelve months old, premiums, |;6, 4

POULTRY.

For pairs of Fowls, Light Brahmas, Dark Brahmas, Buff Co-
chins, Partridge Cochins, Black Cochins, White Cochins, Plymouth
Rocks, White Plymouth Rocks, Dominiques, White Leghorns,
Brown Leghorns, Dominique Leghorns, Black Sianish, Hamburgs,
Polish, Games. Dorking, Bantams, Black, White and Mottled Javas,.
Wyandottes, White Wyandottes, Golden Wyandnttes, Black and
White Minorcas, Red Caps, Andalusias, Langshangs, and other
recognized varieties, each variety, premiums, " S2, 1

222

For pairs of Chickens of above varieties, premiums, $2, 1

For the best breeding pen of each variety — Diploma of the So-
ciety.

For the best pairs of Native Fowls, premiums, S2, 1

Pairs can be exhibited in "breeding pens," by marking the com-
peting female (with a ribbon or colored string), which, with the
male will form the pair.

For lots of Turkeys, and Alesbury, Rouen, Caouga, Pekin, White
and Colored Muscovey, and Brazilian Ducks, and Toulouse, Em-
den, Brown Chii a, and African Geese, premiums, #2, 1

For 10 or raore Fowls exhibited, whether thoroughbreds,
crossed or mixed, with an account for one year, showing cost and
method of keeping, production and profit, premiums, 88, 6, 6

As above, with an account for six months, premiums, to, 3,2

Any exhibitor interfering with the Judges in the discharge of
their duties or interfering with, or handling any specimen on ex-
hibition, otlier than his own, shall forfeit all claim he may have in
the premium list.

All breeds exhibited separately and to be judged by the rules of
the "American Standard of Excellence."

For best exhibit of Poultry Appliances, $5

PLOUGHING.

General Note on Ploughing. — Stags are excluded. Teams must be
entered in the names of their owners, and only double ox-teams to have
drivers. A team consisting of one pair of oxeu and a horse will be con-
sidered a double team. The owners of separate teams may unite the same
and be allowed to compete for ijremiums. The ploughmen and drivers
must have been residents of the County at least three months before the ex-
hibition. Those who intend to be competitors must give notice to reach the
Secretary on or before Saturday previoits to the show. The lands will be
staked, but each ploughman will be required to strike out his own lands in
the presence of the "Committee on Striking out grounds for Ploughing, "
after half past nine o'clock in the morning of the trial. Ploughmen with
land side ploughs are to back furrow three furrows on each side of the
stakes set, the'last furrow to be of the depth required in the class. Plough-
men, with swivel ploughs to turn the outside of their furrow to the stakes on
one side, and to finish one foot from the stake on the other. Committees to
note and report the kind of plough used.

Ploughing with Double Teams.— One-eighth of an acre, at
least eisht inches deep, premiums, SIO, 8, 6

Ploughing with Single Teams. — One- eighth of an acre, at
least six inches deep, premiums, SIO, 8, 5

Ploughing with Horses.— With any form of Ploiish, except
Swivel, one-eighth of an acre, at least six inches deep, premiums.

SIO, 7, 5

Ploughing with Three Horses.— One-eighth of an acre,
eight inches deep, without driver, premium. SIO

Same with lour horses, with driver, premium, SIO

Ploughing with Swivel Plough — One-eighth of an acre,
with double ox-teams, at least eight inches deep, premiums, $10, 8

Same with single ox -teams, at least six inches deep, premiums,

$10, 8

Same with Horse Teams, consisting of two horses, ploughing at
least six inches deep, premiums, $10, 8

Ploughing— Sulky Plough.— For the best performances,

223

taking into account ease of draft, amount and quality of work,
premiums, $10, 8

HARROWS.

For the hent Harrow exhibited, and its merits shown by actual
test upon the ploughed ground, $10, 8

Note. — Eutry must be made with the Secretary before the day of the
trial with description of Harrow.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

For the best collection of Implements and Machines (no article
offered in collection will be entitled to a separate premium),

Diploma and $10
Best Market Wagon, premium, . $5

Best Farm Wagon, for one or two horses, premium, S3

Best Horse Cart, premium. $5

Best Hay, Straw or Corn Cutter, premium, $1.50

Best Ox Yoke, complete, premium, $1.50

Best Fruit Evaporator, with sample of work, premium, $5

Best set of Horse Shoes, including those for over-reaching, inter-
fering and stumbling horses, premium, $5
For implements not specified above, the Committee may at their
discretion award $40.

No premium or gratuity will be awarded for any Mower, Horse
Rake, Tedder, or other Machine or Implement, the merit of which'
can be known only by actual trial in the field; but manufacturers
are invited to offer the same for exhibition and inspection.

CARRIAGES.

For carriages built in the County, and exhibited by the manufac-
turer. Diploma, and thirty dollars in gratuities, may be awarded by
the Committee.

In Exhibition Hall.

Committees on articles exhibited in the hall should be especially
careful that the premium or eratuity cards issued with the names,
and sums awarded them, correspond with those in their reports to
the Societj'.

Committees and Exhibitors will be governed by instructions, un-
der heading of " Duties of Committee," "General Rules," ''Pre-
miums to be awarded at the Show. " see first pages, and under
"Fruit," "Domestic Manufactures, " and "Flowers."

^=A11 Fruit. Flowers, Vegetables, and Domestic Manufactures,
must be the Product of Essex County, to be entitled to a premium
or gratuity.

DAIRY.

For specimens of Butter made on any farm within the County
the present year, samples of not less than five pounds to be exhib-
ited, with a full account of the process of making and management
of the Butter premiums. $8, 6, 4

224

For Specimens of ^e\\ Milk Cheese, made on any farm in the
County the present year, samples of not less than fifty pounds to
be exhibited, with statement in writing of the method of making
and preserving the same, premiums. !S=8, 6, 4

Note. — Each lot presented for premium and the statement accompanying
it, roust he numhered, hut not marked so as to indicate the claimant; any
public or known mark must he comijletely concealed; nor must the compet-
itors be present at the examination.

To the person who shall furnish to the Society satisfactory evi-
dence of the greatest quantity of Butter made from any quantity of
milk, being the whole produce of any single cow, tor the first week
of^June, July. August, and September next, stating the whole
amount of Butter produced in each week, also the time when the
cow dropped her last calf, and her feed and management all to be
taken into account In making the award, premiums.

Diploma and SIO, 5

Note. — The object in offering these last premiums is to elicit inquiry as
to the value and quantity of milk for the production of butter. As far as
practicable it is desirable that the race and pedigree of the cow shall be
given.

DRESSED POULTRY AND EGGS.

For the best pair of dressed Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, and Geese,
weight to be given, premium for each pair, $2'

For the best 12 eggs from Asiatic, American. Game, French
and Spanish classes (Hamburgs, Polish, Dorkings to compete in
the Spanish class), premium for each class, $1

BREAD AND CANNED FRUIT.

For White Bread made of Wheat tiour, premiums, S3, 2, 1

For bread made from Graham flour, premiums, S2, 1

For bread made from other grains, or other grains mixed with
wheat, premiums, $1 50, 1

All bread, entered for premiums, to be in loaves weighing not
less than one pound each, and to be not les.s than twenty-four hours
old, with a full written statement over the signature and address of
the maker, stating the kind of flour used, quantity of each ingredi-
ent, how mixed, and length ot time kneaded and raised, and how
long baked, which statements on all premium bread are to he sent to
the Secretary loith report of the Committee for publication.

For first and second best collection of Pickles, Preserved Fruits,
and Jellies, made from products of the County, lohen premiums are
awarded, the method of making to be sent to the Secretary by the
Committee, for publication, premiums, S3, 2

For the first and second best five pounds of Dried Apples, grown
and dried within the County, with statements of process used and
amount of labor and time required in preparing and dryin<j, such
statement on premium fruit to be given to the Secretary for publication,
premiums, S3, 2

In addition to the above, are i)laced in the hands of the Commit-
tee for gratuities on other articles entered in this department, pro-
ducts of this County, deemed worthy. S&

225

BEES, HIVES AND HONEY.

For first and second best display of Bees, Hives and Apiiuian
Implements, acconipanied with a written description of tlie bees,
hives, etc., number of hives in use and amount of surplus honey
taken from them during the season, premiums, $5, 3

First and second best Honey, ten pounds in coinb and one pound
extracted, made in the County, with stateiBent signed of kind of
bees and hive, and time of year when honey was made, premiums,

.^3, 2

Fruit.

All fruit must be entered in the name of the grower before 11
o'clock on tlie first day of the exhibition, and each exhibitor must
certify to the same on the Entry Book, or on lists of the varieties
of each class of fruit, or be filed when entry is made. (Committees
are not authorized to make awards to those who do not comply with
this rule.)

Tables will be labelled in a conspicuous manner by the liall com-
mittee before the entry of exhibitors, with the names of fruit, for
which premiums are offered, all others of same class fruit to be
labelled miscellaneous. Exhibitors must place their several vari-
eties of each class of fruit where indicated by such labels, or be
considered by the committee as not competing for premium.

Plates of collections of fruit, when premiums are offered there-
for, must be entered and placed by the exhibitor on the table as-
signed for the exhibit of collections of fruit.

To entitle exhibitors to receive premiums and gratuities awarded,
they are required (when requested by the committee) to give in-
fermation in regard to the culture of their fruit.

PEAKS.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which are
recommended for cultvation in Essex County: Bartlett, Belle Luc-
rative, Bosc, Anjou, Angouleme, Dana's Hovey, Lawrence, Louise
Bonne, Ouondajia, Paradise d'Automne, Seckle, Sheldon, Urban-
iste, Vicar, Cornice, H(jwell, and Clairgeau, each, premium, $B

Do5'enne d'Ete, Giftbrd and Clapp's Favorite (ripeniuir early),
are recommended lor cullivation, but no premrum is ofliered.

For each dish of twelve best specimens of any other varieties,
deemed worthy by the committee, premium, SI. 50

For best collection ot Pears, recommended for cultivation, pre-
mium, ^6

In addition to the above, are placed at the disposal of the com-
mittee, to be awarded in gratuities of not less than .?! each, S20

APPLES.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which are
recommended for cultvation in Essex County: Baldwin, Dan-
vers Sweet, Tompkins King, Granite Beauty, Red Eusset, Tolman's
Svveet, Bailey Sweet, Drap d'Or, Hubbardston, Hurlburt, Porter.

226

Pickman Pippin, Roxbury Russet, Rhode Island Greenino^, Sweet
Baldwin, Gravenstein, Hunt Russet, Smith's Cider, Snow, pre-
mium for each, ^3

Red Astrachan, William's Favourite, Tetofsky and Sweet Bough
are recommended for cultivation, and no premium is offered (rip-
ening early).

For best twelve specimens of any other varieties deemed worthy
by the committee, premium for each variety, Sl-50

For best collection of Apples, recommended for cultivation, pre-
mium, $6

For best twenty-four specimens of any variety of Crab Apple
deemed worthy by the committee, ^1.50

In addition are placed at the disposal of the committee, to be
awarded in gratuities of not less than SI each, ^20

PEACHES, GRAPES, AND ASSORTED FRUITS.

For best nine specimens of Freestone, White Flesh, Yellow
Flesh, Essex County Seedling, each variety, $2

For best collection of Peaches, premium, $B

For Champion, Lemon, or Orange Quinces, premium, S3

For Plums, each variety, premium. $2

For best four bunches of Concord, Worden's Seedling, Brighton,
Hartford Prolific, Delaware, Martha, Moore's Early, Niagara
Grapes, each variety, iH'emium. S3

For Cold House Grapes, produced with not over one month's arti-
ficial heat, premiums. 84, 3
For best collection of ten varieties, not less than ten pounds in
all, premiums, $7
For best specimens of four bunches of Grapes, varieties other
than above, deemed worthy by the committee, premium, Sl.oO
For baskets of Assorted Fruits, premiums, ■^4, 3
In addition are placed at the disposal of the committee, to be
awarded in gratuities, of not less than 50 cents each, ^25

PLANTS AND FLOWERS.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

1. All Plants and Flowers for competition and exhibition must
be entered for examination by the committee on or before eleven
o'clock, on the first day of the Fair, and all such Plants and Flowers
must have l^cou grown by the competitor, except native plants and
flowers, and flowers used in bouquets, and baskets of flowers and
floral designs, all of which (plants and flowers) must have been
grown within the County.

2. When a certain number or quantity of Plants and Flowers is
designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less
than that number or quantity of specimens shown.

3. When only one premium from each exhibitor is offered for
any article, only a single specimen or collection can compete, but
when a second or third premium is offered, one, two or three speci-
mens or collections may be exhibited for competition, but no vari-
ety can be duplicated.

4. No premium shall be awarded unless the specimens exhibited
are of superior excellence, possessing points of superiority and

227

worthy of such premium, not even if they are the only ones of their
kind on exliibition.

5. No specimen entered for one premium shall be admitted in
competition for another different premium.

0, Competitors will be required to furnish information (if the
committee so request), as to their modes of cultivation, or in the
case of Native Plants and Flowers, where such were found.

7. All plants exhibited for premiums must have the name leofi-
bly and correctly written on stiff card, wood, or some other perma-
nent and suitable substance, and so attached to same as to be easi-
ly seen. Flowers when specified to be named to comply also with
above rule.

8. Plants in Pots to be entitled to premiums must show skilful
culture in the profusion of bloom and in the beauty, symmetry and
vigor of the specimens ; also Bouquets, Baskets, Design Work, etc.,
must show tante, fkill, and harmony in arrangement, both as to
colors and material they are made of, and purposes for which they
are intended.

9. All flowers exhibited must be shown upon their cnvn stem,
flowers in •'• Design " work alone excepted ; and this exception if
overcome and avoided, to be taken into account by the committee
in awarding the premiums.

10. The Committee are authorized to award gratuities for any
new and rare plants and flowers or " Designs " of merit for which
no premium is offered, but in no case shall the total sum (premi-
ums and gratuities together), exceed the amount .^150.00, limited
by the Society for this department.

11. No member of the Committee for avvarding premiums or
gratuities shall in any case vote or decide respecting an award for
which such member may be a competitor, or in which he may have
an interest, but in such case such member shall temporarily vacate
his place upon the Committee, and such vacancy for the time being
may be filled by the remaining members of the Committee, or they
may act without.

12. Atteution is again called to above Rules and Regulations
for Plants and Flowers, and General Rules of the Society, and all
articles not entered in conformity therewith will be disqualified,
and premiums will be awarded only to exhibitors who have com-
plied with said Rules, etc.

PLANTS.

Plants competing for these premiums must have been grown in
pots. Native Plants excepted, etc. See Rules.

For collections Flowering and Ornamental Foliage Plants, at
least 25 specimens, premiums, §10. 5

For Colltciion Palms, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, gl

For Collection Ferns (cultivated;, at least 5 specimens. 5 varie-
ties, premium, .fl

For collection Dracenas, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium. ;ii;l

For collection Caotons, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, SI

228

For collection Fancy Caladiunis, at least 5 specimens, 5 varie-
ties, premium, SI
For collection Gloxinias, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, $1
For collection Begonias, tuberous rooted, at least 5 specimens, 5
varieties, premium.
For collection Begonias, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Coleus, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, premium, SI
For collection Fuschias, 5 specimens, varieties, premium, SI
For ctilleclion Cyclamen, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, SI
For collection Geraniums, double, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, pre-
mium, SI
For collection Geraniums, single, 10 specimens, 10 varie'ies, pre-
mium, §1
For collection Geraniums, fancy, 10 specimens, at least 5 varie-
ties, premium, SI
For collection Hibiscus, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, SI
For collection Carnation Pinks, 10 specimens, at least 5 varieties,
premium, SI
For collection Calla Lillies, 5 specimens, premium, SI
For specimen English Ivy, premium, SI
For collection of wood of native trees in sections, suitable for
exhibition, showing bark and the grain of the wood, all correctly
named with botanical and common name, at least 50 varieties, each
variety to be shown in two sections, one rf which to be a cross sec-
tion and neither to be more than four inches in length or diameter,
premiums, S5, 3

FLOWEKS.

For collection Cut Flowers, cultivated, 160 specimens, at least
50 varieties, named, S5, 3

For collection of Cut Flowers, native, 100 specimens, at least 50
Tsrieties. named, S5, 3

For pair of Bouquets, for vases, green-house flowers, prem., S2, 1
For pair of Hand Bouquets, green-house flowers, prein., S2, 1
For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of native flowers, prem., S2, 1
For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of garden flowers, prera., S2, 1
For Basket of green-house flowers, premiums, $2, 1

For Basket of Native Flowers, premiums, S2, 1

For Basket of Garden Flowers, premiums, S2, 1

For arrangement of Native Flowers and Autumn Leaves, pre-
miums. S3, 2
For Floral Designs, choice cultivated flowers, premiums, S5, 3
For Floral Designs, native flowers, premiums, S3, 2
For collections Japan Lilies, hardy, named, premiums, S3, 2
For collections Phlox, hardy perennial, named, premiums, S2, 1
For collections Pansies, at least 50 specimens, neatly and artisti-
cally arranged, premiums, S2, 1
For collections of Native and Introduced Weeds, with common
and botanical name attached, premiums, S3, 2
For twelve Dahlias, large flowering, at least six varieties,
named, premium, SI
For twelve Dahlias, Pompon or Lilliputian, at least six varie-
ties, named, premium, $1

229

For twelve Dahlias, single, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, SI
For twelve Petunias, double, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, SI
For twelve Gladiolus (spikes), at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, fl
For twelve Japan Lilies, at least six varieties, named, prem., $1
For twelve Geraniums, double, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, $1
For twelve Geraniums, single, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, SI
For twelve Phlox, hardy perennial, at least six varieties, named,
premium, SI
For twelve Cannas, at least six varieties, nnmed, premium, SI
For twenty-!our Carnation Pinks, at least six varieties, named,
premium, SI
For twenty-four Verbenas, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, SI
For twenty-four Roses, at least six varieties, named, premium, SI
For twenty-four Garden Annuals, at least twelve varieties,
named premium, SI
For twelve Calendulas, at least two varieties, named, prem., SI
For twelve Asters, Double Victoria, premium, SI
For twelve Asters, Double, Truffaut's Peony flowered, prem., SI
For twelve Asters, Pompone, premium, SI
For twelve Phlox Druramondii, in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Nasturtiums, at least six varieties, premium, SI
Ff)r twenty-four Pansies, in variety, premium, SI
For twenty-four Zinnias, double in variety, premium. SI
For twenLy-four Marigolds, African, in variety, premium, SI
For twenty-four Marigolds, Dwarf French, in variety, prem., SI
For twenty-four Petunias, single, in variety, premium, SI
For display of Coxcombs, in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Scabiosas, in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Delphiniums, in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Dianthus (double, annual), in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Salpiglossis, in variety, premium, SI
For collection of Sweet Peas, premium. Si

VEGETABLES.

Rules for Fruit apply to Vegetables.

Beets —For best twelve specimens, Eclipse, Dewing, and E J-

mands, premiums, each variety, S3

Carrots — Fur best twelve, short top, long Orange and Danvers

Intermediate, premium, each variety, S3

For best twelve, Stioit Horn Grange carrots, S3

Mangold Wurlzels — For best six specimens, premium, S3

Flat turnips— Twelve specimens. For best Purple Top and While

Flat, premium, each variety, S3

Rula Bagas — Twelve specimens. For best Yellow and White

premium, each variety, S3

Parsnips — For the best twelve specimens, premium, S3

Onions — Twelve specimens. For best Danvers, Yellow Flat, and

Red, premium, each variety, S3

2 30

Potatoes — Twelve specimen . For best Early Rose, Beauty of
Hebron, Clark's No. 1, Pearl of Savoy, Early Maine, premium,
each variety, 'S3

Cabbages— For best thite specimens, Savoy, Fott'er's Drum-
head, Stone Mason Drumhead, Red Cabbage, All Seasons, Deep
Head, each variety, premium, ^S

For next best, each variety, premium, S2

Cauliflowers — For best three specimens, premium, S3

For next best, premium, S2

Celery— For best four roots, premium, $2

Sweet Corn — For twelve ears ripest and best Early, premium, §3
For best twelve ears in milk, Late, premium, S3

Squashes — For best three specimens, Marrow, American Turban,
Hubbard. Marblehead, Essex Hybrid, Bay State, Sibley, Bulman^
each variety, premium, 83

Melons — For best three specimens, Nutmeg, Musk, Cassaba,
Salmon Flesh, each variety, premium, S2

For best two specimens Watermelons, premium, S2

Tomatoes — For best twelve specimens, Acme, Emery. Cardinal,
Essex Hybrid, Livingstone, or any other variety, each variety.

premuim.

S3

For exhibition of greatest variety of Tomatoes, premium, S3
Cranberries — For pecks of cultivated, premiums, S3, 2, 1

For collection of vegetables, not less than three of a kind, pre-
miums, S8, 6, 4, 2
Placed at the disposal of the committee for whatever appears
meritorious, S30

i@==No competitor for premium to exhibit more or less number
of specimens of any vegetables than the premiums are offered for.

Collections of Vegetables where premiums are offered for a number of
varieties must be entered and placed, not less than three of a kind, by them-
selves on the tables assigned for collections. No collection shall receive but
one premium. Specimens of any varieties in such collections are not to
compete with specimens of the same variety placed elsewhere. Exhibitors
of such collections however, are not prevented from exhibiting additional
specimens of any variety with and in competition with like variety. All
vegetables must be entered in the name of the grower of them.

Size of Veyeiables.—Tvirn'ip Beets to be from 2 to 4 inches in diameter;
Onions, 2 1-2 lo 4 inches in largest diameter ; Potatoes to he of good size for
family use ; Squashes to be pure and well ripened, Turban, Marrow, Hub-
bard, Marblehead, all to be of uniform size.

GRAIN AND SEED.

For best peck of Shelled Corn, Wheat. Oats, Barley, Rye, Buck-
wheat, and Field Beans, each, premium, SI
For 25 ears of Field Corn, premiums, S5, 3, 2
For 25 ears of Pop Corn, premiums, S'5, 2
For collections of Field and Garden Seeds, premiums, S8, 0, 4. 2
All grain or seed mu^t have been groivn by the exhibitor in the
Gountij to receive a premium.

Domestic Manufactures.

Contributors must deposit their articles at the Hall before 11
'clock on the first day of the Exhibition. Articles not thus depos-

231

ited will not be entitled to a premium. Gratuities will be awarded
for articles of special merit for which no premium is offered; but
no premium or gratuity will be awarded for any article manufac-
tured out of the County, or previous to the last exhibition of the
Society.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

For Wrought Counterpanes having regard to the quality and ex-
pense of the material, premiums, S4, 2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this depart-
ment, the whole amount of gratuities not to exceed §25

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

For carpets, having regard to the quality and expense of the
material, premiums, .'S^4, 2

For Wrought Hearth Rug, having regard both to the quality of
the work and expense of the materials, premiums, 83, 2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this depart-
ment, the whole amount not to exceed $25

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.

For best pair hand made and machine made Men's Boots,
Women's do., Childrens' do., each, premium, S2

Best Team, Carriage, and Express Harness, each, premium, S5

SIO are placed at the disposal of this committee, to be awarded
in gratuities

For the best exhibition of Boots and Shoes, manufactured in the
County, each, premium. Diploma of the Society.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

For display of Bonnets, premiums, .?4, 3

For Horn Combs, not less than one dozen, premium, $2

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be

awarded in gratuities not exceeding S3 in any one gratuity, .$20

FANCY WORK

Of Domestic Manufacture are not included in the above.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding .^3 in any one gratuity, .$50

WORKS OF ART.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, .f 50

WORK BY CHILDREN.

For specimens of work performed by children under 12 years. of

age exhibiting industry and ingenuity, premiums, $3, 2

At disposal of committee to be awarded in gratuities, SIO

232

List of Premiums to be Awarded by the
Trustees in November.

FARMS.

Competitors for this premium must give notice of their inten-
tion to the Secretary on or before Juue i5th, and the farms entered
for premium will be viewed by the committee twice during the
year. Crops growing on farms that are entered for premium, can-
not be entered with another committee for separate premiums — ex-
cept crop specimens exhibited at the fair.

Any person desirous of having his farm inspected, icithout enter-
ing it Jot premium, may make application to the Secretary, and it
will be viewed and reported upon by the committee.

For the best conducted and most improved farm, taking into
view the entire management and cultivation, including lands,
buildings, fences, orchards, crops, stock, and all other appendages,
with statements in detail, relating thereto, premium, S30

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP LANDS.

For best conducted experiments relating to wet meadow or
swamp lands, on not less than one acre, the course of management,
and the produce, etc., for a period ot two years at least, to be de-
tailed, with a statement of all the incidental expenses, pre-
miums, .*15, 10

Note. — The Committee is instructed to ascertain how manj', if aiy, re-
claimed swamps in tliis County have been abandoned or have returned to
natural grasses. Persons knowing of siich are requested to notify the Sec-
retary or Committee.

IMPROVING PASTURE AND WASTE LANDS.

For best conducted experiments in renovating and improving
pasture land, other than by ploughing, so as to add to their value
for pasturage, with a statement of the same, premiums, ."JIS, 10

For best conducted experiments renovating and improving waste
lands, so as to add to their agricultural value, with statement of
the same, premiums, $15, 10

No pieraium to be awarded to any person for a repetition of an
experiment in meadow, swamp or pasture lands, for which he has
already received a premium.

UNDER-DRAINING LAND.

For best conducted experiments in under-draining land, regard
being had to the variety of soil, sub-soil, and other local circum-
stances, prem.iums, Slo, 10

Note. — The same instructions under "Improving Wet Meadow and
Swamj) Lands" apply to this Committee.

MANURES.

For most exact and satisfactory experiments, in the preparation
and application of manures, whether animal, vegetable or mineral,
premiums, S=15, 10

233

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CROPS AS FOOD FOR

CATTLE.

For most satisfactory experiments upon a stock of cattle, not less
than four in number, "in ascertaining the relative value of different
kinds of fodder used in feeding stock for milk and other purposes,
with a statement in detail of the quantity^and the value of the same,
as compared with English hay, premium, .^25

FATTENING CATTLE AND SWINE.

For most satisfactory experiments in Fattening Cattle or Swine,
with a statement in detail of the process and result, prem., $10, 5

GRAIN AND OTHER FRUITS.

Claimants on Grain and Root Crops will be required to state the
size of the piece of laud, when they enter, and conform to the fol-
lowing rules: Entries of Grain Crops to be made on or before Sep-
tember 10th ; Root Crops on or before October 10; giving ample
time for the crops to be examined by the committee before harvest-
ing. Statement to be made in conformity with the following
form, must be forwarded to the Committee previous to November
1st.

All calculations and figures given in reports of, and statements of
Crops, are to be made on the basis of an acre, results in all cases, to
be given at the rate per acre.

In pursuance of authority delegated to the Board of Agriculture
by Chap. 24, of Acts 1862, Agricultural Societies receiving the
bounty of the State are required to make use of the following
form, and be governed by its conditions in the mode of ascertaining
the amount of crops entered for premium.

Essex Agricultural Society. — Statement concerning a crop

of , raised by Mr. in the town of , ,

1892.

What was the crop of 1890? What manure was used and how
much? What was the crop of 1891? What manuie was used and
how muchy What is the nature of the soil? When, and how
many times ploughed, and how deep? What other preparation
for the seed? Cost of jiloughiug and other preparation? Amount
of manure, in loads of thirty bushels, and how applied?

Value of manure upon the ground? How used? (What amount
of Commercial Fertilizer used? How used? Value of same when
applied?) When and how planted? The amount and kind of seed?
Cost of seed and planting? How cultivated and how many times?
Cost of cultivation, including weeding and thinning? Time and
manner of harvesting? Cost of harvesting, including the storing
and husking or threshing? Amount of crop, etc. Signed by
Competitor.

The committee, to whom is entrusted the award of the premiums
on field crops, may award them according to their judgment, but
for the purpose of furnishing accurate statistics for the benefit
of agriculture, shall select certain of the crops, and require the
owners thereof to measure the laud and weigh the crops accurately,
giving to the committee a certificate of the same, and give all pps-

234

sible information thereon over their own signatures, and return the
same to the Secretary of the Society, to be published in the an-
nual transactions.

In ascertaining the amount of crop, any vessel may be used and
the weight of its contents once, multiplied by the number of times
it is tilled by the crop.

In measuring the land or weighing crops, any competent person
may be employed, whether a sworn surveyor or not, and must give
certificate.

The certificate shall state the weight of all crops only in a mer-
chantable state.

In ascertaining the amount of a hay crop entered for premium,
the measurement of the hay in the barn may be employed.

EuiiES OF Measure Practiced and Adopted by the State

Board of Agriculture.
Wheat, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Ruta Bagas,

"White Beans and Peas,

Corn, Rye,

Oats,

Barley, Buckwheat,

Cracked Corn, Corn and Rye, and other meal,

except Oat,
Parsnips, Carrots,
Onions,

1. For the best conducted experiments of Rye, not less than
twenty bushels to the acre, fifty-six lbs. to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, -SIO, 5

2. For best conducted experiments of Wheat, not less than
thirty bushels to the acre, sixty pounds to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, SIO, 5

3. For best conducted experiments of Oats, not less than fifty
bushels to the acre, thirty-two pounds to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

4. For best conducted experiments of Barley, not less than for-
ty bushels to the acre, forty-eight pounds to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, SIO, 5

5. For best conducted experiments of In.lian Corn, on not less
than one acre, premiums, SIO, 5

6. For largest quantity and best quality of English Hay, on not
less than one acre, regard being had to the mode and cost of culti-
vation, premiums, ,§10, 5

7. For best yield of Field Beans, on not less than one-half acre,
and not less than twenty-five bushels per acre, premiums, §10, 5

ROOT CROPS.

1. For best conducted experiments in raising Carrots, fifty-five
pounds to the bushel, premiums, |lO, 5

2. For best conducted experiments in raising Parsnips, fifty-five
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

3. For best conducted experiments in raising Ruta Bagas, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

Man

gold "Wtu'tzels,

60 lbs.

to bush

62 -

(1

56 "

(I

82 ''

(I

1

48 "

((

Ll,

50 ''•

((

55 "

"

52 ''

u

235

4. For best conducted experiments in raising Mangold Wurt-
zels, sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10,5

5. For best conducted experiments in raising Sugar Beets,
sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, SIO, 5

6. For best conducted experiments in raising Onions, fifty-two
pounds to the bushel, premiums, |lO, 5

7. For best conducted experiments in raising Potatoes, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

8. For best conducted experiments in raising Cabbages, pre-
miums. $10, 5

9. For best conducted experiments in raising Squashes, pre-
miums, $19, 5

10. For best conducted experiments in raising Summer English
Turnips for the market, premiums, $10, 5

Eaised on not less than half an acre, and the quantity of crop to
be ascertained by weight; so far as practicable the crop to be free
from dirt, without tops, and in a merchantable condition at the
time of measurement.

Claimants for premiums on Grain and Hoot Crops must forward
statement to chairman of committee before Wov. 1st.

FOEEST TREES.

1. For plantation of either of the following species of forest
trees, viz: White Oak, Yellow Oak, Locust, Birch, White Ash,
Maple, Walnut, or White Pine, not less than three years old, and
not less than 1000 trees, premium, $20

2. For plantation of not less than 600 trees, premium, $10

3. For ornamental trees, ten or more set on any street, road or
farm, and cared for five years, premium, $10

CEANBERRIES.

For best conducted experiment in the cultivation of the Cran
berry, at least two summers, on not less than twenty rods of land
with written statement of the quantity and quality of the laud, ex
pense of planting, weeding and culture, and amount of crops pro
duced. Premium to be paid in 1891 and 1892. $15

For best experiment do., on not less than ten rods of land, pre-
mium, $10

For best do., on not less than five rods of land, premium, $5

STEAWBEEEIES AND OTHEE SMALL FEUITS.

For best crop of strawberries, on not less than twenty rods of
land, expense of planting, culture, crop, etc., stated in writing,
premium, $10

For best crop of Currants, Easpberries and Blackberries, with
statement as above, premiums, each, $10

NEW WINTEE APPLES.

For a new variety of VVinter Apple, originated in this County,
equal or superior to the Baldwin, premium, $100

For a new variety of like character originating elsewhere, pro-
vided it hfis been cultivated in the County sufficiently to prove it

236

equal or superior to the Baldwin for general purposes, pre-
mium, !g20

For a successful experiment in destroying the codling moth and
other worms destructive to the apple, premium, S2o

Note. — Persons who consider themselves competitors will send Post Of-
fice address to Secretary, and others in tlie County wishing to compete for
ahove, must notify Secretary, and furnish a full statement of their apple,
and also scions when called for under his directions, to be tested by the So-
ciety.

SEEDING POTATOES AND EXPERIMENTS.

For best Seeding Potato, originating in Essex County, to equal
in yield, earliness, and quality, the Early Rose, and to surpass it in
one or more of these particulars, premium paid after three years'
trial, .125

lu testing the value of a Seeding Potato, the committee are in-
structed to take sworn testimony of the cultivator with regard to
the yield, after having inspected the crop.

For the most satisfactory experiment to extend through five con-
secutive years, to settle the following facts relative to raising po-
tatoes:— premium, §50

1st. Will whole, medium sized Potatoes, yield better results
than pieces cut to two eyes?

2iid. What will be the result of continuously planting small-
sized potatops of the same strain a series of years?

3rd. Difference between hilling and flat cultiv^ation.

4th. Effect, if any, of cutting off seed ends before planting.

5th. Effects of deep and shallow planting.

6tii. Raising from sprouts alone from same strain.

7tli. Can potatoes having dwarf vines be planted nearer than
others?

Rth. Best distance apart for seed in the drill.

9th. To show the effect of covering the top with earth at several
times after they had come up.

To he raised on not less than a half acre of land, uniform in
character, and all to receive the same kind and quality of manure
and cultivation, and to be inspected by the committee at the time
of gathering the crops.

ESSAYS AND FARM ACCOUNTS.

The E-says must be transmitted to the Secretary by the 1st of
November, with sealed envelopes containing the names of their
authors, respectively, which shall not be opened by the comaiittee,
nor shall the names be known to the committee until they shall
have decided upon the merit of the Essays.

For original Essays on any subject connected with Agriculture,
in a form worthy of publication, premiums, S15, 10, 8

For best statement of Actual Farm Accounts, drawn from the
experience of the claimant, in a form worthy of publication, pre-
mium, SIO

For Reports of Committees upon subiects for which premiums
are offered, premiums, SIO, 8, 6

Committee— G. L. Streeter, Salem ; Ji-M. Hawkes, Lynn; D. E. Safford,
Hamilton ; Geo. E. Blodgette, Rowley; J. M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

237

LIBRABY.

Committee — Andrew Nichols. Danvers ; Heury Brooks, Salem ; B. P^
"Ware, Marblehead; J. M. Danforth, Lyniitield.

ENCOURAGING AGRICULTURAL LIBRARIES.

It shall be the duty of the Coramittee to communicate with such
persons in the several cities and towns in the County, as, in their
judgment, will best encourage the establishment of, or improvement
of, collections of books, pamphlets, reports, essays, newspapers,
etc., relating to agriculture, and request their aid in thus advanc-
ing the cause of agriculture, and co-operate with such persons in
promoting the objects herein referred to.

Committee — Francis H. Appleton, Peabody; Henry "Wheatland, Salem;
James J. H. Gregory, Marblehead.

NEW MEMBERS.

For the person who obtains the largest number of new members
for the Society from any Town or City before the first day of
November next, premium, ,^6

Note. — Names of new members, with name of person i^rocuring them,
can be sent as fast as obtained, to the Secretary of the Society, who will
make a record of them.

Persons paying three dollars will receive a "Certificate of Membership"
which is for life. No fines or assessments are ever imposed and members
are entitled to vote in all its transactions, with the free use of the Library
and a copy of the publication of Society's transactions each year.

Committee — Secretary, John M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

TREADWELL FARM.

Committee — Benj. P. "Ware, Marblehead; C. C. Blunt, Andover; B. P.
Pike, Topsfield; G. B. Blodgette, Rowley; George B. Bradley, Methuen;
John M Danforth, Lynnfield.

AUDITORS.

Committees — J. Hardy Phippen, Salem; Benj. P. "Ware, Marblehead; E.
Pope Barrett, Peabody.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

Francis H. Appleton, James P. King, C. C. Blunt, O. S. Butler, John
M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

DELEGATES.

From the Essex Aorricultural Society to attend Exhibitions of
Societies, Farmers' Clubs and Fruit Growers' Associations in Es-
sex County, and report any information that shall seem valuable
for publication.

The Secretary to be notified of time of holding their exhibition,
who will notify the chairman of Committee to assign Delesate.

COMMITTEES.

All Committees, including committees to iudsre of Crops, of ex-
hibits at Fair, and of the Arrangements for the Fair, are chosen by
the Trustees at their June meeting.

CONTENTS.

Address by Hon. E. P. Dodge 3

Seventy-second Cattle Show and Fair 17

Report of the Annual Meeting 20

Report on Fat Cattle 22

Report on Bulls 22

Report on Milch Cows , 23

Statements 24

Report on Herds of Milch Cows 25

Statements 25

Report on Heifers, Pure Bred 27

Report on Heifers, Native or Grade 28

Report on Working Oxen 29

Report on Steers 29

Report on Stallions, Driving Purposes 30

Report on Brood Mares, Farm Purposes 30

Report on Br ood Mares, Driving Purposes 31

Report on Family Horses 31

Report on Gents' Driving Horses 31

Report on Single Farm Horses 32

Report on Pairs of Farm Horses 32

Report on Colts, Farm Purposes 33

Report on Colts, Driving Purposes 34

Report on Swine, Large Breeds 34

Report on Swine, Small Breeds 35

Report on Sheep 36

Report on Poultry 36

Report on Ploughing, Double Team 40

Report on Ploughing, Single Team 40

Report on Ploughing with Swivel Plough 40

Report on Ploughing with Horses 41

Report on Ploughing with 3 Horses 41

Report on Ploughing with Sulky Plough 41

Report on Harrows 42

Report on Agricultural Implements 42

Report on Carriages 43

Report of Sup't of Hail 44

Report on Diary 46

Report on Bread and Canned Fruit 48

Report on Special Premium .' 51

Report on Pears 51

Report on Apples 53

Report on Peaches, Grapes and Assorted Fruit 65

Report on Plants 56

240

Report on Flowers 56

Report on Vegetables 60

Report on Grain and Seed 64

Report on Counterpanes and Afghans 65

Report on Carpetings and Rugs 68

Report on Manufactures from Leather 69

Report on Fancy Work 70

Report on Works of Art 73

Report on Children's Work 75

Report on Manufactures and General Mdse 76

Report of Committee on Granges 11

Report of Committee on Root Crops 78

Statements of Same 83

Statement of Kent & Marsh, Onion Crop 83

Statement of John H. Geoi'ge, Onion Crop 84

Statement of E. C. Little, Mangel Crop 86

Statement of J. H. Nason, Potato Crop 87

Statement of E. B. Little, Crop of Potatoes 88

Statement of Daniel A. Carieton, Cabbage Crop 90

Statement of Walter Smith, Cabbage Crop 92

Statement of C. C. Blunt, Crop of Parsnips 93

Statement of C. C. Blunt, Crop of Turnips 94

Report of Committee on Ornamental Trees 95

Report of Committee on Strawberries and other Small Fruits 10 J

Statement of J. Webb Barton 101

Report of Committee on Grain Crops 1U3

Statements of Grain Crops 104

Report on Treadwell Farm 109

Report of State Delegate to this Society 113

Report of J. J. H. Gregory on Agricultural Implements Ik7

Report of Dr. J. W. Goodell on Grapes 133^

Report on New Members 137

Farmers' Institutes 138

Dr. Charles E. Page's Report and Statement 164

In Memoriam 169

Treasurer's Report 180

Constitution of the Society , 181

Officers of the Society 184

New Members 185

Changes of Members 186

Members of Society Ib7

List of Premiums Awarded 204

Recapitulation of Premiums 212

Amount to each City and Town 213

Financial Statement 1892 Fair 214

Duties of Trustees, Committees and Exhibitors 215

TRANSACTIONS

FOR THE YEAR 1893

ESSE

lU

rn

FT

(ORGANIZED iSiS)

FOR THE

COUNTY OF ESSEX,

IJM JVlASSAejHUSETTS,

AND ITS

SEVENTIETH ANNUAL ADDRESS

HON. NATHAN M. HAAYKES,

OF LYNN.

\A/^ith the Premium List for 1894.

PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE SOCIETY-

SA.LEM, MASS. :

OBSERVER BOOK AND JOB PRINT,
1893.

ADDRESS.

Mr. President and Fellow Members of the Essex
Agricultural Society :

Thoreau, the keen observer, the philosopher of nature,
walking along the southern exposure of his neighbor's
hill-top on a first day of March, noted in his journal

''It is spring there, and Minot is puttering outside in
the sun. How wise in his grandfather to select such a
site for his house."

The Essex Agricultural Society, the honored guild of
the farmers of Essex, has had a corporate existence of
seventy-five years, having been incorporated in 1818.

To-day occurs the seventieth annual address. The
Psalmist says that "three score years and ten are the
length of man's days." The unbounded vitality of our
Society after seventy-five years of usefulness is a strik-
ing reversal of Shakespeare's aphorism "The evil that
men do lives after them." We can say the good that
men do lives after them.

At such a milestone perhaps we may rest for one day
from learned discussions and philosophical essays and
glance back over the way we have traveled and then for-
ward to see what lies before us.

There is a fraternity of race blood in this Society
which may not be apparent to outsiders. Strangers may

query why so many names appear as the authors of an-
nual addresses who are not practical farmers. The point
cannot be better illustrated than here in this ancient and
historic Haverhill.

A few years since, an instructive address was delivered
by your brilliant young District Attorne}'.- Readers of
the wonderful self-revealing " Diary " of Chief Justice
Samuel Sewall — the brave Witchcraft Judge, who pub-
licly acknowledged his error — himself an Essex man,
will appreciate the interest which the sons take in the
affairs of the old County. Sewall's " Diary " abounds in
references to Brother Moody, and whoever bears in his
veins the colonial blood of the Sewalls and Moodys must
respond to the call for service from his kin.

Sewall's '• Diary " also lovingly dwells upon many
cherished visits at Brother Northend's. Hence a descen-
dant of Brother Northend of the old stock, going out to
Nature for strength for forensic toils, came to the Society
with words of experience.

Another man of our own time, whose family lines run
back to the planting of the colony, whose genial pres-
ence has been a benison to our annual gatherings — the
beloved Sheriff — has been a welcome speaker.

Timothy Pickering, who delivered the first address and
was the organizer and first President of this Society, may
not be called a practical farmer, but every fibre of his
being was in close touch with the men of the soil who
made Essex County historic ground.

Before the tragic scenes at Lexington and Concord had
startled the world, Col. Timothy Pickering and the men
of Salem had made (February 28 — 1775) the first armed

resistance to British aggression at the old North Bridge.
In February, the men of Salem and Marblehead struck
the key note, which, in April, resounded from Middlesex.

Col. Pickering was Post-master General, Secretary of
War, and Secretary of State in the cabinets of Washing-
ton and Adams. Later, he was Chief Justice of the
Essex County Court of Common Pleas, United States
Senator, and Representative in Congress from the Essex
District.

He rounded out a long and useful career by promoting
and organizing the society under whose auspices we are
assembled to-day. Under his call the first meeting was
held at Cyrus Cummings' tavern, at Topsfield, on the 16th
day of February, 1818. Ichabod Tucker was chosen
moderator and David Cummings, secretary; these, with
John Adams, Paul Kent and Elisha Mack, were appointed
a committee to report a plan of organization. Timoth}'
Pickering was chosen president ; and William Bartlett,
Dr. Thomas Kittredge, John Heard and Ichabod Tuck-
er, vice-presidents ; Leverett Saltonstall, secretary ; and
Dr. Nehemiah Cleaveland, treasurer. Timothy Pickering-
was annually chosen president for ten years, to 1829,
when he again delivered the annual address.

Col. Pickering was followed by Andrew Nichols, the
botanist, the beloved physician of Danvers.

Then came that liberal preacher, the Rev. Abiel
Abbott, of Beverly, of whom President Monroe said that,
he was the best talker he ever knew.

From that day on, the clergymen have done their share
of the talking, as was eminently fit in a society of Puritan
descent. I shall not presume to speak of the living, so I

6

pass by the present pastor of the First Church (the Vil-
lage Church), of Danvers, and mention his predecessor,
the sturdy leader of Orthodox thought, the preacher of
the faith of the fathers, the Rev. Milton P. Braman.
And there is also recalled, that pious scholar, wit, and
humorist, the Rev. Dr. Leonard Withington, of Newbury,
who described himself as '' a modified Calvinist."'

The Bar has been drawn upon for its leaders from " the
silver tongued " James H. Duncan, and his cousin, the
courtly ^Leveret Saltonstall, to the time of Judge Otis P.
Lord and General Benjamin F. Butler. Caleb Cushing
obeyed [-your call, he, of whom Isaac O. Barnes wittily
and truthfully said : " There is a living, self-moving cyclo-
pedia, from whom you can obtain information upon every
question that has interested any people in any age of
t'le world.''

Gen. Henry K. Oliver, the versatile, the teacher, the
sweet singer, the mayor of two cities, made his contribu-
tion and the fluent, ever ready Dr. George B. Loring was
here, as everywhere among farmers, the popular favorite,
for he delivered the annual address on three occasions.

This is not a catalogue of names of those who have ad-
dressed the Society, but I cannot refrain from naming
two who were zealous in the cause of intelligent forestry,
lien : Perley Poore made Indian Hill a magnet that drew
wits, savants, and practical men of affairs from the world
over. Richard S. Fay made Lyunmere an earthly para-
dise. He created a forest which has become a profitable
woodland. It is a stately memorial of the taste and gen-
ius of a man who Avas devoted to the deveh^pment of ag-
riculture.

The actual farmers who have followed the calling near-
est to nature as a vocation to which other matters were
mere avocations have been prominent.

Although honors came to such men as Hon. Daniel P.
King, Gen. Josiah Newhall, and Hon. Asa Tarbell New-
hall, enthusiastic devotion to and skilled direction of the
farm were paramount and sufficient.

Hon. Asa T. Newhall is recorded as delivering the ad-
dress in 1849, and again in 1884, but of course you know
as well as I that it was not the old Squire who addressed
you in the latter year, but his grandson of the same name
and inherited talents, who now makes hay while the sun
shines on the home farm. Verily, the sons find it
pleasant to tread the paths of labor and of honor in the
footsteps of respected sires.

These are but representative names in the galaxy of
Essex men who have addressed this Society. Every ad-
dress has been carefully prepared and a vast variety of
interesting topics have been discussed.

A collection of the whole would make a valuable li-
brary for an intelligent household.

I should shrink from being added to this list, if I did
not feel that the honor came to me, not as a personal
one, but as a recognition of a family whose successive
generations have tilled the soil on the intervales of Sau-
gus River, from the planting of the colony to the present
day. Members of this family are active in the councils
of the Society, and I am grateful to be allowed to link
my name with those who have gone before me, as an ac-
tive member of the Essex Agricultural Society.

This Society is old enough to have made for itself an
enviable history, but Essex agriculture had a world re-

nowned origin long before the days of Col. Pickering
and his worth}- associates. The first page of the first
volume of " The liecords of the Governor and Company
of the Massachusetts Bay in New England " bears a
memorandum supposed to be in the hand-writing of Mr.
Washborne, the first secretary of the Company, which is
pregnant Avith and significant of a great event in the
world's history. Its date is Marcli IG, (the year un-
known), probably 1628. If so, Endicott had not sailed.
Winthrop would not depart for two years.

Without an}'' verbiage or sentimentality in a matter of
fact paper, it reveals without the need of comment or
concordance what the company thought were prime ob-
jects and necessities in the great scheme of emigration.

I quote from the memorandum :

To p7'ovide to seMdfor Neive England :
Ministers ;
Patient vnder seale :
A seale ;
Wheate, rye, barly, oates, a hhed. of ech in the

eare :
benes, ^jease ;
Stones of all sorts of f mites, as jyeaches, 2;^i(?ns,

filberts, cherries ;
Peare, aple, quince kernells, pomerjranats ;
Saffron heads :

Liquorice seed, rootes sent: &■ Madder routes ;
Potatoes ;
Hoprootes ;
Hempseede ;

Flaxeseede, aijenst wynter\
Connys y

Currant plants :
Tame Turheys : »

9

In that London chamber, with all the signs ominous of
the Puritan revolt, Mathew Cradock, Thomas Goffe,
Isaac Johnson, Sir Richard Saltonstall, John Humfrey,
John Winthrop and their associates, with amazing shrewd-
ness, yet in Christian humility, planned one of the epochs
in the world's history.

First, of course, they selected ministers — the spiritual
guides and comforters of the flock.

Secondly, they agreed to send over the Charter — the
patent under seal. This instrument they regarded as
their '^ Magna Charta," something which was to give
them powers of government which Charles and his ad-
visers never dreamed of when it was granted.

Having provided for the religious and civil govern-
ment, the next consideration was to stock the intending
colony with choice seeds for planting in the new soil.

The list was comprehensive — it embraced everything
which was thought of value. From it one fact stands
out boldly, namely, that the founders contemplated an
agricultural and not a commercial community. The re-
nown and wealth which came later from the fisheries,
from commerce and then from manufactures, were not
foreseen.

The farmers have maintained the Canaan of the fathers,
and, looking upon the exhibit of this fair, may we query
if it is not about time for Essex farmers to bury the silly
question, does farming pay ? and to ask instead, how
many things besides the glitter of gold make it profit-
able?

It is time to cease to bewail the hard lot of the tillers
of the soil. It is in order to tell the world that

10

our fathers did Dot find here a bleak and barren hind.
There is not a farmer in Essex County who deserves suc-
cess, who does not achieve it. Conditions change and
our farmers adapt themselves to the new demands. It
may be that the great West can produce our well beloved
Indian corn cheaper than we can upon our smaller areas,
but the compensation is sure to l)e found in less work and
more profit in our milk, butter and cheese and nearness
to markets.

The free air of farm life does not alone fill the lungs
with life-giving oxygen, and harden the muscles ; it makes
and develops the brain that is to guide the affairs of men.
Some time ago it was the fashion to apologize for Abra-
ham Lincoln's lack of training. Short sighted mortals.
All the colleges in the world could not have so equipped
him for the peculiar work he was raised up to accomplish
as the out-of-doors frontier life, which, under the Divine
plan, was appointed him.

Rufus Choate, whom, Peleg W. Chandler in a memorial
address before the Massachusetts Historical Society styled
"a glorified Yankee", was born on Hog Island in Os-
good town of Essex.

The name. Hog Island, is not particularly attractive,
but the spot itself is a singularly beautiful one. The
swift in-pouring tides of the ocean rush by it up the Essex
River. Long reaches of gleaming sand bars lie at its
feet. The blue Atlantic l)eats everlasting)}' against its
rocky headlands.

A plain old homestead with its broad inherited acres
on the bluff was an ideal home for a contemplative man,
as the farmer, watching the procession of the seasons, is

11

apt to be. The sense of environment entered the brain
of the possessor of that old farm as he held the plough or
swung the scythe. With such surroundings, with tem-
perate life, with the serenity that goes with the owner-
ship of the soil, man raises better crops than grass or
vegetables, better stock than Holsteins or Jerseys ; he be-
gets children of brains. Of such Rufus Choate was a type.

And the annals of the County are resplendent with
like examples of boys and girls born in the low studded
comfortable houses that antedated those monstrosities in
a northern climate, the — so-called Queen Anne houses —
who have gone forth to charm the world and tell whether
or not farming pays.

The Puritan exodus from England to Massachusetts
Bay was the most wisely conceived and the most grandly
executed scheme of colonization that the annals of the
human race relate. The van-guard of the peaceful army
of occupation, which Endicott and Winthrop and Salton-
stall and Dudley and Dummer led into Essex County, was
carefully made up of the flower of the " country party "
of England. Men did not come alone. They brought
their wives and children with them. They were a select
class of God-fearing, thinking men, who made the parish
meetinghouse the center of temporal as well as of spiritual
affairs, from which everything radiated. No drones and no
paupers were allowed to come. The wise heads who di-
rected the movement sent out the exact proportion of
blacksmiths, weavers, tanners, millers and husbandmen
needed to develop the country.

There was no crowding, no reckless strife to reach the
goal of wealth at the expense of one's fellows. When

12

the coast line became dotted with parishes, a minister of
the Gospel led a little flock inland and obtained a grant
for a new plantation. Where else could this sturdy
stock have found elements so adapted to founding a new
civilization and a better home?

The people who^ pity us say that our soil is rocky —
with swamps and forests — that our climate is bleak.
They forget that Christ was born in a cave in rocky
Judea — that the crags of bonny Scotland gave voice to
the genius of Eobert Burns and AValter Scott — that ro-
mance, chivalry and prowess in all eras have come down
out of the hill countries. What would have become of
the song of our Whittier if he had been shut up inside
city walls or on a dull, endless flat land?

The fathers appreciated the woods, even if the age did
people them with demons. With the town lot and the
tillage land each householder had set apart to him a
wood lot. This wood lot furnished materials to build the
house that has sheltered the planter's children even to
this day. And it, by the kindness of Nature, renews it-
self every generation, so that the same wood keeps his
children's children warm and happy which sparkled and
blazed in the original fire-place.

The great salt marshes were awaiting the Englishman's
scythe and his cattle, as they have every fall from that
day to this. Frost and snow mantled the earth in win-
ter, but both, as we know, are agencies under a benign
Providence working for the tiller of the soil. The snow
has as necessary a place in the economy of Nature in the
night of the year, as the sun, in the day of the year.
Even the loose stones in the earth, that others would

13

have considered a curse, were to our foreseeing fathers a
blessing in disguise. For in the very first generation the
yeoman and his boys constructed many miles of the ugly,
yet enduring, stone walls that still stand — monuments
alike of the thrift and grit of the founders and the loyal-
ty of the sons of the soil.

Facilities for education are important factors in de-
ciding whether the calling that is followed is pi'ofitable.
The mind must be fed as well as the body, else one is
poor indeed, though with unlimited gold. The founders
of Essex County brought with the pastor, his colleague,
the teacher. Amidst the broadening influences of this
virgin soil, the Puritan evolved the highest instrumental-
ity in the growth of man — the common school. It was
not possible under the old world forms of government
and thought. The mediceval ecclesiastic fears it more
than all the potentates of earth combined, and a threat
against it sounds the alarm which unites all loyal Ameri-
cans. The common school had its birth here, and here it
has flourished and is to-day the model for all enlightened
states.

In the south gallery of the Manufactures and Liberal
Arts Building at the World's Columbian Exposition
hangs a map, which is attracting as mucli if not more at-
tention than any other exhibit in the building. It is a-
map of immense proportions and shows the number of
schools that each city and towii in Massachusetts has es-
tablished and is supporting. People from all parts of
the United States have seen it and pronounced it the
most wonderful exhibit yet produced. No other state —
in fact no other country — can produce anything ecjual to-
it.

14

As early as 1635, our towns established schools, sup-
porting them in various ways, by subscriptions, by en-
dowments, by grants of income from the common slock
lauds, by fishing privileges, b}^ tuition fees, by direct
taxation, and they have been steadily climbing to the
top. At no time has the work been relaxed. And now,
Massachusetts leads the world in educational privileges.

Of this map the director of education of the State of
New York is reported to have said to E. C. Hovey,
Chairman of the Massachusetts World's Fair Commission,
"If New York State could show a map such as that
I would be willing to throw our entire exhibit into Lake
Michigan. There is nothing which equals it."

George H. Martin's descriptive account of our schools
accompanying the map shows that from its beginning the
State has had a complete system of public elementary
schools, secondary schools, and the college. The second
century of the educational history of the State is marked
by an effort to adapt the school system to the needs of a
widely scattered agricultural population. On this map
our county stands second to none among the counties of
the State.

When you think of the great farms of the northwest
and are inclined to repine because you cannot make such
haste to get rich, look upon the other side of the shield.
Set your schools against the hordes of foreign immigrants,
who, in some of the farming states are controlling legisla-
tion against teaching English and against the existence
of the common school itself. Your children's priceless
privileges weigh down the scale of advantages solidlj^ up-
on your side.

15

Of the foundation of these schools, Lord Macaulay
once said in parliament : " Illustrious forever in history
were the founders of the Commonwealth of Massachu-
setts ; though their love of freedom of conscience was
illimitable and indestructible they could see nothing ser-
vile or degrading in the principle that the State should
take upon itself the charge of the education of the people.
In the year 1642, they passed their first legislative enact-
ment on this subject, in the preamble of which they
distinctly pledged themselves to this principle, that
education was a matter of the deepest possible impor-
tance and the greatest possible interest to all nations and
to all communities, and that as such it was, in an emi-
nent degree, deserving of the peculiar attention of the
State."

The matter of race has much to do with success in
farming. Down to the Revolution, the people of New
England were, almost without exception, of pure English
blood. The same statement is nearly as true to-day of
the farmers of Essex County. As distinctive as the
worship of the crocodile b}'- the dwellers on the Nile, or
the adoration of the god of AVar by the Romans, has
ever been the Anglo-Saxon reverence for land.

With love of the land there is also associated regard and
veneration for trees. It is true that the fathers waged
war upon the forests, but that was a necessity of their
situation. They wanted the sunshine to warm their
virgin soil. They needed the wood for fuel, for rafters,
sills and boards. Besides the requirement of cleared
lands for cultivation, there was ever the thought that the
clearings mi\de so many less lurking places for the skulk-

16

ing" Red Indian who was always a peril in the shadows
of the forest.

So far as we may properly go without being charged
with the sin of idolatry, we Americans are tree worship-
pers. It is perfectly natural for us to be so. It is bred in
our bone. It is an inheritance from our English ances-
tors. The Romans, who made a strong impression on the
native tribes of England, venerated trees, erected tem-
ples in their groves and ordained sacrifices in their honor.
The Druids lived in them, as it was thought more sacred
to dwell under trees and about their rock altars than in
thei open plains.

Trees are oiir most striking evidence in material
things of our immortal life. We plant them and they
live on far beyond our lives. In planting them we think
not so much of ourselves as of the future generations.
The myriad voices of the trees speak to us in the same
tones that they did to onr fathers in the past and as they
will to our chiklren in future ages.

The magnificent Waverly oaks were mature trees
when the keel of the Mayflower touched the gleaming'
sands of Plymouth harbor. The south wind played the
same soothing melodies through their branches then as
now, though the Indian, whose moccasins noiselessly trod
the sward at their feet, has vanished from the face of the
earth and the humble Pilgrim from Leyden has inspired
and created the greatest nation of the civilized world.
Tlie old trees saw the Red man and the Englishman play
their parts and are still sturdy — as well they need be —
while they listen to the polyglot tongues that now bab-
ble around them.

17

Seasons come and go, leaves ripen and fall, buds un-
fold into leaf and blossom, but the tree grows on and on
and recks not that the white headed old man who
thoughtfully reposes in its shade is the same person wlio
sported beneath its limbs in childhood's merry hours.

In the good work of quickening an interest in forestry,
this Society has held an advanced position, and among
individuals interested, its present President is easily
leader.

Nathaniel Hawthorne, the greatest story teller of New
England lore, tenderly related his journeyings in "Our
Old Home." Do we realize that while old England is
the old home to those of the stock who have remained
hereabouts, there is a vastly greater company of the de-
scendants of people of New England birth who have found
new homes in the great West, even to the Golden Gate
on the Pacific? To all these millions, Massachusetts and
Essex County are the old home. The standard elms and
the south-facing, long sloping back roofed houses with the
great stack of chimneys in the centre, to all these people
are home and history and the starting point of farailv
lines.

Over in Quincy, in such houses as are identical in form
and construction and surroundings with hundreds in
Essex County, the two Presidents of the United States,
of Massachusetts birth were born.

In Danvers, the room in which Israel Putnam was
born is kept just as it was when the tough old ranger
first saw the light. The whole County is dotted with
these old earth-hugging houses upon which the storms of
bleak winters have beaten, in vain, for centuries.

is

To-day at Chicago nothing wins more praise and ad-
miration than the John Hancock house and it is said
that the Colonial exhibit in the Massachusetts depart-
ment exceeds in interest anything of the kind in the fair,
and that the old bureaus, the old bedsteads, and the
models of the old houses to be found there have a grace
and beaut}- in point of size, and model, and execution
that is not reached in the greater part of our modern
furniture or our modern dwellings.

These houses are to be found along the New England
coast from Portsmouth, Rhode Island, to Wells, in
Maine. But there are more of them in Essex County
than any where else, more even than in Plymouth or
Middlesex. They are historic houses of America, and, as
a well-known writer says, they express both the English
freedom of the seventeenth century and the regard for
comfort and security and strength which our New Eng-
land fathers were obliged to consider when they built
homes of their own.

They were wisely built by men who knew the climate
and by men who were founding families. They over-
looked the broad acres which their builders had redeemed
from the wilderness. Square, prim and strong, admirably
adapted to the age in which they were built, time has
mellowed their surroundings and made them one and all
pictliresque and important adjuncts in every hamlet in
the County. Every one is full of the traditions and his-
tor}- of its long departed occupants and of the people.

From the windows of that house a child saw the gray
stockinged young farmers from Danvers tarry for a drink

19

from the bucket in the well on the fateful morning of
the 19th of April, 1775. The child looking from the
windows saw upon the return from Lexington a sad
sight for youthful eyes and for the mourners, though
liberty on that day was born. The child saw the gray-
stockinged forms cold in death as the rumbling wagons
bore their sacred burdens back to wailing families. That
child never forgot the scene, and in old age used to tell
the story to j'ounger people, and he who heard it from
her lips was himself an old man when he related it to
me.

Scenes an hundred years prior to Lexington have these
old houses seen. Upon the bank of the North River, in
the midst of the sloping fields, where to-day the Septem-
ber sun is ripening farmer Jacobs' crops, stands the sub-
stantial house with the surroundings practically as they
were when its master, George Jacobs — Saint George of
old Northfields as we call him now— was led away for
shameful death in the dark days of the witchcraft troub-
les in 1692.

Here in Haverhill your late public spirited fellow
citizen, James H. Carleton, did a characteristic and
noble deed when, in his life time — not making it an after
death benefaction — he secured the preservation of the birth-
place of the sweet poet whose rhymed lines are in closest
touch with the finest expression of New England life.
Whittier is the immortal flower of rural New England.
Mr. Carleton has made this plain farm house the jNIecca
towards which throngs of lovers of the poet will be drawn
and, say with him

20

"Nor farm house with its maple shade,

Or rigid poplar colonnade,

But lies distinct and full in sight,

Beneath this gush of sunset light."
The builders of these houses were brothers to the
regicides across the sea. They were Commonwealth
men. They were the advanced liberals of the age-
They at home had dreamed of establishing beyond the
ocean a greater England, freed from feudalism, prelacy
and kingcraft. While they were setting up their Puri-
tan theocracy, growing attached to the new homes, the
experiment of the Commonwealth was tried in England
and was lost when the great Cromwell died.

The profligate reign of Charles the 2nd and the bigoted
reign of James the 2nd were followed by the great Revo-
lution of 1689, which brought in the Dutch William.
And then came the day of the intriguing and venal place
hunters of the reign of Anne.

The Protestant Revolution of 1689 did well enough for
conservative England, but the more radical Bay Colony
had learned to walk alone. It wanted no Queen Anne
houses with chimneys on the outside. These were adapted
to negro quarters in the sunny South, but not for our
north country. An American architecture had been
evolved. American thought had been created, and from
then on, our fathers planned for emancipation from the
political yoke.

Let us not learn from strangers to appreciate the historic
value nor the substantial use of the stout houses that are
gems set in the grassy lanes of old Essex, but let us so
care for them as to make them still more attractive to the
wanderer who returns to the home of his people.

21

It is almost striking to observe the traits and features
of one generation repeated in its successors in a locality
where the people have become fixed in their habits and
are acclimated to their surroundings. Such resemblances
are striking in English counties, in France, and in other
localities where man and the climate and the soil harmo-
nize. These conditions seem to be fast attached to our
county. If the art of photography had existed in the
17th century, the portrait of the first settler of what is
now Middleton would have been a good likeness of the
thrifty farmer of Middleton who took prizes for his stock
at recent cattle shows. The same rule holds throughout
the county. The same names prosper upon the same acres.
They are still the deacons and selectmen and possessors of
fat pocket-books, filled by working brains into the ances-
tral— rough it may be — but loved acres.

The charter granted the land to the Colony of the
Massachusetts Bay in New England in fee. The Colony
gave the same kind of title to towns, commoners and
individuals, free from Old World services and limitations.

Out of this absolute holding of land grew an indepen-
dent yeomanry, which in the fullness of time stormed
Louisburg, the Gibraltar of France in America, and a
generation later defied England's power on Bunker Hill.

Such men — the men of the town meeting — the men who
made America the shining example of human development,
came from the stock of owners and tillers of the soil.

A peasantry never accomplished such results. A
peasantry may tear down, but never build up. Wherever
man owns his farm, his garden, or his house, it is safe to

Ort

say that modern Nationalism — the scheme of having a
paternal government own everything and regulate every
man's labor, will not be popular. Such doctrines will
scarcely take root in Essex County.

The general holding of farms in this county for two
hundred and fifty years in family line, in fee simple, with-
out any laws against alienation, is something without
parallel in human history. Six cities have grown up
(with a seventh about to assume the civic gown) withont
materially taking from our arable territory. No land
titles in the world stand upon so just a base. We care
nothing for the original grant from the King of England.
The settlement was made at just that period, when under
the plan of the Creator, this portion of the earth was
appointed for the occupation of a new race. Pestilence
and war had swept away the once numerous tribes of
Red Men, so that only a scattered remnant remained.
Whatever rights they had in the earth, sky and water, in
the prolix phraseology of the period, they willingly con-
veyed to our shrewd ancestors. Thus all the lands are
held by a triple title — first, the royal grant, second, the
town grant, and third, the Indian release.

Since that time neither pestilence, earthquake, cyclone,
famine, nor war, has devastated our domain. To-day the
only danger that threatens the stone fenced ancient farms
is found in the incursion of cultured, but jaded city men,
who have discovered the charms of rural life and seek to
dispossess after the manner of Alexander of Macedon,
who said, " I despair of taking no city into which I can
introduce a mule laden with gold." Such taking may not

23

be unwelcome to some, but it will be in the far future
when the Yankee farmer yields up his supremacy amidst
the hills, dales and intervales of old Essex.

Washington Irving has painted with loving minute-
ness the master of Bracebridge Hall.

His certain life, that never can deceive him,

Is full of thousand sweets, and rich content ;
The smooth-leaved beeches in the field receive him
With coolest shade, till noontide's heat be spent.
His life is neither tost in boisterous seas
Or the vexatious world ; or lost in slothful ease. ;
Pleased and full blessed he lives, when he his God can
please.
The genial squire lives in real life in every hamlet in
this picturesque region of ours, from the serpentine
Saugus to the majestic Merrimac.

The farmers of Essex are not forced to lead isolated
lives, as is the case in most rural districts. The steam
railroad penetrates every town in the county, save
Nahant, and the people there much prefer to be without
the luxury.

In the near future the electric car, both for freight and
passengers, will stop at every farm house. This is not a
Utopian dream, but a practical scheme, which the Engi-
neering Magazine is strongly urging and which is already,
so far as passengers are concerned, in actual operation in
many towns; and on one line at least, freight cars run.

The constant passing of cars over city pavements
between brick walls is not an unmixed blessing, but
stated trips of such cars will be a great benefit to the
farmer and his family, especially in those seasons of the

24

year when country roads — even the best — are liable to be
muddy and not comfortable for ordinary locomotion.

Besides the economical uses of these cars, they will
facilitate the enjoyment of another institution in which
Massachusetts stands in the van — the public library
system.

" Of making many books there is no end," but the
Public Library is one of the marvels of the nineteenth
century. Public schools and newspapers have made
readers of all, but no individual can expect to own, or if
he did own, could furnish shelf-room for, all the books he
may desire to read. The Public Library selects, houses,
cares for, and distributes the printed treasures of the
thought of the world in every town to every family.

As many books are accessible to the village maiden to-
day, as the scholars of the universities had at their com-
mand a few years ago.

Yes ! Thoreau was right. It was fortunate for us that
our fathers made their landfall upon this coast of sand-
bars and rocky headlands — upon this land of marsh and
wooded hillside — this region with frost enough in the
atmosphere to make man work for his bread with muscle
and brain — this land now teeming with folk-lore of a plain
God-fearing yeomanry — this favored home of the free
common school and the free public library.

They found here a soil that with industry would reward
labor, — they found a land full of noble trees and charm-
ing wild flowers — they built homely houses, which they
have bequeathed to us with their records of well spent
and often heroic lives.

25

While there is a part that dwells too much upon the
past, yet there is much that has come down with the heir-
looms that is worthy of our emulation. While we em-
ploy all new inventions that lessen labor in our chosen
callings we may ponder with profit upon the lives of our
ancestors, who, with lesser means and with ruder imple-
ments made their lives successful and their influence
salutary upon those who followed them.

These thoughts are trite, but when we observe the
mad rush of life in cities, hearts broken and lives wrecked
in the constant reverses of business, it is meet for the
farmer to reflect upon his life so near to nature, so near
to the things which were dear to his kin, so free from the
corrosion of all other pursuits.

SEVENTY-THIRD

Annual Cattle Show and Fair.

The Cattle Show and Fair of this Society opened
Tuesday, Sept. 19, 1893, at Haverhill, the weather being-
dull and threatening undoubtedly kept many people and
some of the stock at home. The Mayor and City Govern-
ijient did everything in their power to help along and
make the Fair a success, but owing to the depressed state
of business, it was not so successful financially, as it prob-
ably would have been under other circumstances,
although it was estimated there were 20,000 people on the
grounds, Wednesday, the second day.

The entries of live stock were below that of last year,
but the quality was up to the standard of former years
and they were all on the grounds in good season.

In the ploughing match there were thirteen entries and
an active competition took place with most excellent re-
sults, the grounds adjoining being covered with spectators,
who appeared to be as nuich interested as the Ploughmen
themselves.

In the Exhibition Hall the entries as elsewhere were
below that of the last few years but that can be accounted
for somewhat by it not being a good fruit year, and only
one Grange exhibited as compared with five last year.-

This was the first time the Society has held the fair
three days and it seemed to be very satisfactory, as mem-
bers had an opportunity to attend the annual meeting
Wednesday and had plenty of time to visit all departs
ments.

27

On Thursday, the last day, the annual address was de-
livered by Hon. N. M. Hawkes of Lynn, before a good
audience in the Center Church, and was highly com-
mended by all who heard it.

The scripture reading and prayer by Rev. T. E. St.
John were appropriate for the occasion as was also the
excellent singing by the " Philharmonic " Quartette.

After the conclusion of the services at the church, the
annual dinner was served in Tanner's Hall, after which
Vice-President Butler, in the absence of the President,
called the assemblage to order, and after introductory re-
marks, introduced Mayor Taylor of Haverhill, who wel-
comed the Society to Haverhill, followed by Hon. W. R.
Sessions, Secretary of the State boardof Agriculture, Hon.
F. T. Greenhalge, Hon. N. M. Hawkes, Hon. Wm. H.
Knox and others, all of whom made interesting and spicy
remarks, which added to the occasion.

The entries in the several departments of the Fair for
1893 and 1892, are tabulated for comparison as follows :

STOCK, IMPLEMENTS, ETC. ON FEEE SHOW^ GROUNDS.

From

From

Class.

Entries

Dififerent

Entries

Diflereut

in 1893.

Places
in 1893.

in 1892.

Places,
in 1892.

Fat Cattle,

2

1

8

4

Bulls,

13

5

15

7

Milch Cows,

3

1

14

3

Herds of Milch Cows,

1

1

3

3

Heifers, Pure Bred,

9

4

28

7

Heifers, Native or Grade,

13

5

32

8

Working Oxen and Steers,

4

3

7

4

Steers,

8

3

3

3

Stallions, Farm and Draft,

3

1

1

Stallions for Driving Purposes,

7

4

7

5 ,

Brood Mares, Farm and Draft,

0

0

4

3

28

Class.

Brood Mares, Driving Purposes, 18
Family Horses,
Gent's Driving Horses,
Farm Horses,
Pairs of Farm Horses, over 2500
lbs., 2

Pairs of Farm Horses, less then

Entries
in 1893.

From

Different

Places

in 1893.

Entries
in ISyj

From

Different

Places

in 1892,

18

6

7

5

6

'5

9

7

8

4

7

5

8

6

9

6

11

2500 lbs.,

2

2

7

T

Colts, Farm and Draft,

6

6

12

8

Colts, Driving Purposes,

14

8

16

9

Town Teams,

0

0

1

1

Team, used on Farm,

3

3

0

0

Swine, Large Breeds,

15

4

28

8

Swine, Small Breeds,

8

3

2

1

Sheep,

4

2

6

2

Poultry,

95

15

131

13

Harrows for Trial,

4

2

1

1

Agricultural Implements,

24

9

21

7

Carriages,

4

1

15

5

Ploughing,

13

7

19

10

Total on Free Show Grounds, 297 25 428 23

EXHIBITS IN HALL.

From
Class. Entries DifTereut

From ,
Entries Different

in 1893. Places

in 1892. T'laces

in 1893.

in 1892.

Dairy, 5 3

10 5

Bread and Canned Fruits, 32 11

46 14

Honey, 2 2

0 0

Pears, 99 15

144 17

Apples, 86 15

197 17

Peaches, Grapes, and Assorted

Fruit, 62 11

91 12

Plants, 4 2

4 1

29

Flowers,
Vegetables,
Grain and Seed,
Counterpanes and Afghans,
Carpetings and Rugs,
Articles Manufactured from

Leather,
Manufactures and General Mdse., 12
Fancy Work,
Works of Art,
Work of Childi'en under 12 years

of age.
Grange Exhibit,

Total in Hall,

Grand total, 1319 entries from 30 out of 35 cities and
towns in Essex County, against 1778 entries from 27
cities and towns last year. Essex, Gloucester, Hamilton,
Manchester and Nahant did not have exhibits this year.
The entries were Amesbury, 51 ; Andover, 9; Beverly,
7 ; Boxford 70 ; Bradford, 57 ; Danvers, 21 ; George-
town, 19; Groveland, 46 ; Haverhill, 468; Ipswich, 1
Lawrence, 57; Lynn, 61 ; Lynnfield, 4; Marblehead, 6;
Methuen, 55; Merrimac, 17; Middleton, 4; Newbury-
port, 52 ; Newbury, 72 ; No. Andover, 67 ; Peabody, 23 ;
Rockport, 1; Rowley, 20 ; Salem, 10; Salisbury, 3-
Saugus, 12 ; Swampscott, 1 ; Topsfield, 6 ; Wenham, 2 ;
West Newbury, 100.

From

Prom

Entries

Different

Entries

Different

In 1893.

Places

in 1892.

Places

in 1893.

in 1892.

120

9

92

14

240

14

308

17

19

7

25

10

42

7

59

7

19

6

30

7

18

3

9

4

,12

8

36

7

140

11

156

11

109

6

94

6

3

12

6

24

6 •

1

1

4

4

1022

26

1350

27

REPORT OF THE ANNUAL MEETING.
The annual meeting of the Society was held in Grand
Army Hall, Wednesday, Sept. 20, at 10 A. M., Pres. F.
H.Appleton, presiding. On motion of Rev. O. S. Butler

80

of Georgetown, it was voted — that the Secretary cast one
vote for Francis H. Appleton of Peabody, for Presidont,
and he was elected. On motion of the same gentleman
it was voted that the President be instructed to cast one
vote for John M. Danforth of Lynnfield. for Secretary.

The meeting then proceeded to ballot for four Vice-
Presidents, and James J. H. Gregory of Marblehead ;
James P. King, of Peabody ; O. S. Butler, of George-
town and H. G. Herrick, of Lawrence, were unanimously
elected.

Voted to give the Janitor of Grand Army Hall -fo.OO
for the care and cleaning of the Hall for this meeting.

Voted that the Society tender a vote of thanks to the
G. A. R. Post for the use of their Hall. Also to the
Society for the use of their Church for the annual address,
and all others who have so kindl}' lent their assistance ta
make the Fair a success.

Report of Committees.
1893.

FAT CATTLE.

The Committee on Fat Cattle have attended to their
duties and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
•17. First premium, to J. P. Little, Ameshnry, for pair

fat oxen.
•15. Second premium, to J. P. Little, Ameshury, for
best fat ox.
Cliarles H. Leach, William Thornton, Romulus Jaques
— Committee.

BULLS.

The Committee on Bulls have attended to their duties
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
17. First premium, to Charles Perley, Boxford, for

Ayrshire bull.
•17. First premium, to Francis H. Foster, Andover, for

Guernsey bull, " Theseus. ''
•17. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for

Holstein bull.
$7. First premium, to Thomas Sanders, Haverhill, for

short horn bull, " White Cloud. "
$5. First premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury, for

Holstein bull.
•15. First premium, to Horace Moody, West Newbuiy, for

Jersey bull.

32

$5. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Aysliire

bull.
$5. Second premium, to A. E. Towne, Georgetown, for

Guernsey bull.
$-'>. Second premium, to Thomas Sanders, Haverhill, for

short horned Imll.
$3. Second premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for

Holstein bull.
$3. Second premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Jersey

bull.
•f 3. Second premium, to Richard Newell, West Newbury,

for Ayshire bull.
Edward Kent, L. P. Harriman, B. F. Barnes — Gommittee.

MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Milch Cows have attended to their
duties, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$8. First premium, tr) E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Holstein

cow.
i'S. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Ayshire

cow.
$8. First premium, to A. H. Adams, Haverhill, for Grade

cow.
H. F. Longfellow, John S. Crosby, Charles Haseltine —
Committee.

STATEMENT.

To the Committee on Milch Cows :

The black cow with the calf is Holstein, four years
ulfl. This is her second calf. After her first she gave
t^\■('lve quarts of milk a day for three months.

'I'he full blood Ayshire, 8 3^ears old, due to calve,
November 1st. Dro})ped lier las! calf November 5th, and

averaged sixteen quarts of milk u day, Dec, Jan., Feb.,

a.nd March.

Yours respectfully,

E. C. Little,
Supt. of Crystal Lake Farm.

STATEMENT.

T enter for premium the Black and White Grade cow,
Holstein and Jersey. She gave, after dropping her last
calf, 2 cans of milk a day for 3 or 4 months, and the milk
is of the best quality.

A. H. Adams.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Herds of Milch cows have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards:
$15. First premium to Thomas Sanders, Haverhill, for
a herd of five grade Jerseys.
Frank E. Todd, Charles Perley, H. K. Swasey, Alfred
L. Moore — Committee.

. HEIFERS— PURE BREED.

The Committee on Heifers, Pure Bred, have attended

to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary

that they have made the following awards :

$5. First premium, to Francis H. Foster, Andover, for
Guernsey, 6 months old.

15. First premium, to E. C. Liitle, Haverhill, for Hol-
stein, 2 years old.

$5. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Hol-
stein, 1 year old.

$5. First premium, to John C. Day, Bradford, for
Ayshire, 1 year old.

34

$1. First premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury,

for Ay shire in milk, 3 years old.
$5. Second premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury,
for Aj^shire in milk, 3 years old.
E. G. Nason, S. F. Newman, Isaac C. Day, John A.
Ellis — Committee.

HEIFERS -NATIVE OR GRADE.

The Committee on Heifers, native or grade, have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$7. First premium, to A. H. Adams, Haverhill, for two

year old heifer.
$b. Second premium, to Charles P. Balch, Groveland.

for yearling heifer.
|5. First premium, to A. E. Towne, Georgetown, for one

year old heifer.
$3. Second premium, to Richard Newell, West New-
bury, for one year old heifer.
J. R. Gordon, Henry A. Haywood, A. A. Rutherford,
N. W. Moody — Committee.

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

The Committee on Working Oxen and Steers have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to Charles M. Witham, Georgetown,

for working oxen.
i8. Second premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West

Newbury, for working oxen.
•18. First premium, to C. K. Ordway*<fe Son, West New-
bury, for working steers.
J. E. Bradstreet, Martin L. Hoyt, Nathan Longfellow^
Nathaniel P. Perkins — Committee.

35

STEERS.
The Committee on Steers have attended to their duty,

and respectfully report to the Secretarj^ that they have

made the following awards :

'17. First premium, to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for 3 year
old steers.

85. Second premium, to Horace Moody, West New-
bury, for 3 year old steers.

$6. First premium, to Wm. H. Poor, West Newbury, for
2 year old steers.

'14. Second premium, to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for
2 year old steers.

$5. First premium, to Horace Moody, West Newbury,
for 1 3'ear old steers.

'$3. Second premium, to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for
steer calves.
J. Otis Winkley, M. H. Connor, Nathan P. Abbott—

Committee.

TEAMS USED ON A FARM.
The Committee on Teams used on Farms, have attend-
ed to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
$5. First premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West New-
bury, for two pair oxen.
$3. Second premium, to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for two

pair oxen.
'$5. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for three
pair of horses.
Thomas Sanders, A. P. Russell, W. E. Merrill, J. H.
Nason — Committee .

STALLIONS FOR FARM AND DRAFT PURPOSES.

The C'Ommittee on Stallions for Farm and Draft
Purposes have attended to their duty, and respectfully

36

report to the Secretary that they have made the following

awards :

'$10. First premium, to William Oswald, Lawrence, for

bay Clysdale stallion, 5 years old.
$1.. First premium, to J. W. Carlyle, Ipswich, for gray

Clysdale stallion, 3 years old.
$'6. Second premium, to Henry Garso, Lynn, for bay

Clysdale stallion, 5 years old.
W. F. Kinsman, John H. Perkins, S. D. Hood — Com-
mittee.

STALLIONS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

The Committee on Stallions for Driving Purposes have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards:
<f 10. First premium to Arthur J. Connor, Lawrence, for

Fearnaught stallion, " Ned C, '' 14 years old.
$Q. Second premium, to Leslie K. Morse, Haverhill, for

stallion, " Pentucket, " 5 years old.
il. First premium, to H. H. Demsey, Wenham, for

Wilkes stallion, 3 years old.
$5. Second premium, to J. W. Murphy, Lawrence, for

stallion, three years old.
O. S. Butler, Thomas Sanders, J. H. Drew, B. A.
Follansbee — Committee.

BROOD MARES— DRIVING PURPOSES.

The Committee on Brood Mares for Driving Purposes

have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to

the Secretary that they have made the following awards :

ilO First premium, to H. H. Demsey, Wenham, for bay

mare, 8 years old.
i6. Second premium, to Leslie K, Morse, Haverhill, for
brood mare.

37

$4. Third premium, to J. H. Tower, Haverhill, for
black mare, 11 years old.
O. L. Carlton, Alonzo B. Fellows, Moses H. Poor, John

Flye — Committee.

FAMILY HORSES.

The Committee on Family Horses have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary, that
they have made the following awards :
$8. First premium, to John L. Hobsou, Haverhill, for

brown gelding.
16. Second premium to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for bay

mare, " Nellie Eaton. "
14. Third premium, to Byron G. Kimball, Haverhill, for

brown mare.
M. M, Plummer, James O. Parker, Kichard Newell,
Joseph H. Blunt — Committee.

GENTS' DRIVING HORSES.

The Committee on Gentlemen's Driving Horses have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards ;
$8. First premium, to Byron G. Kimball, Haverhill, for

gray mare.
16. Second premium, to Wm. Merriraan, Haverhill, for
bay mare.
Benj. F. Brickett, W. H. Hayes, George L. Averill —
Committee.

SINGLE FARM HORSES.
The Committee on Single Farm Horses have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards:

38

-f 8. First premium, to John H. Perkins, Lynnfield, for bay

mare, weighing 1250 lbs.
$Q. Second premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for black

horse, weighing 1400 lbs.
18. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for brown mare weighing 1188 lbs.
'16. Second premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for bay

gelding, weighing 1040 lbs.
E. A. Emerson, Edwin Bates, H. M. Goodrich — Com-
mittee.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES WEIGHING OVER 2500

LBS.

The Committee on Pairs of Farm Horses have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
$S. First premium, to Wm. C. Coffin, Newburyport, for

pair of horses weighing 2800 lbs.
■16. Second premium, to A. E. Towne, Georgetown, for
pair of horses weighing 2600 lbs.
W. P. Bailey, E. C. Little, C. N. Mag-uire — Committee.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES WEIGHING LESS THAN

2500 LBS.

The Committee on Pairs of Farm Horses have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
.ii<8. First premium, to W. E. Merrill, West Newbury,

for pair black horses weighing 2220 lbs.
|G. Second premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for pair
of bay horses weighing 2300 lbs.
L. W. Hawkes, M. H. Connor— :/r>r the Committee.

39

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES— THREE AND FOUR
YEARS OLD.

The Committee on Colts for Farm Purposes three and
four years old have attended to their duty, and respect-
fully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :
$1. First premium, to John H. Perkins, Lynnfield, for

chestnut colt, 4 years old.
$5. Second premium, to Woodbury Smith, Rowley, for

roan mare colt, 3 years old.
'fd. Third premium, to Richard Jaques, Newbury, for

roan mare colt, 3 years old.
Sherman Nelson, Edward H. Potter, John Parkhurst,
D. D. Adams, C. K. Ordway — Committee.

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES, ONE AND TWO
YEARS OLD.

The Committee on Colts for Farm Purposes, one and
two years old have attended to their duty, and re-
spectfully report to the Secretary that they have made
the following award :

•f7. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for 2
year old chestnut colt.

John H. George, Thomas E. Snell, John S. Crosby —
Committee.

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES, THREE AND
FOUR YEARS OLD.

The Committee on Colts for Driving Purposes, three and
four years old, have attended to their duty, and respect-
fully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :

40

$7. First premium, to H. H. Hoyt, Haverhill, for brown

colt, 4 years old.
$5. Second premium, to John C. Day, Bradford, for 4

years old colt.
$5. First premium, to E. H. George, Groveland, for

chestnut gelding, 3 years old.
13. Second premium, to A. H. Adams, Haverhill, for

bay mare colt, 3 years old.
S. D. Hood, C. D, Ordway, R. T. Jaques Jr. — Oommit-
tee.

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES, ONE AND TWO
YEARS OLD.

The Committee on Colts for Driving Purposes, one and
two years old, have attended to their duty, and respect-
fully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards :
i7. First premium to Byron G. Kimball, Haverhill, for

bay colt, 2 years old.
^5. First premium, to John H. Perkins, Lynnfield, for

brown colt, 15 months old.
■|3. Second premium, to Arthur H. Meserve, No.
Andover, for black Morgan colt, 14 months old.
F. A. Russell, S. H. Bailey, B. F. Barnes — Committee. ,

SWINE— LARGE BREEDS.

The Committee on Swine, large breeds, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
$6. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Chester

White boar.
16. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for York-
shire sow and pigs.

41

16. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Berk-
shire breeding sow.

$6. First premium, to W. L. Hill. Peabody, for four
weaned pigs.

$4. Second premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for seven
weaned pigs.

$6. First premium, to Nathan Longfellow, Groveland,
for Chester White sow and pigs.

16. First premium, to E. G. Nason, West Newbury, for
seven weaned pigs.

16. First premium, to A. W. Butrick, Haverhill, for
Berkshire boar.

|4. Second premium,, to Richard Newell, West New-
bury, for Chester White boar.

14. Second premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for
Chester sow and pigs.
John Barker, George A. Dow, Leverett Swan — Com-
mittee.

SWINE— SMALL BREEDS.

The Committee on Swine, small breeds, have attended

to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary

that they have made the following awards :

i|6. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for York-
shire sow and six pigs.

$6. First premium to J. F. Calhoun, Lawrence, for
Yorkshire boar.

$4. Second premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for
Duroc Jersey weaned pigs.

14. Second premium to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Poland
China pigs.

ii4. Second premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,
for Yorkshire sow and pigs.
T. H. O'Neil, Amos Haseltine, C. M. Lunt, NathU

Marble, Henry F. Nason — Committee.

42

SHEEP.
The Committee on Sheep have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
18. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,for

Oxforddown buck.
$5. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for

grade Oxforddown lambs.
88. First premium, to Richard Newell, West Newbury,

for Southdown buck.
$6. Second premium, to Richard Newell, West Newbury,
for grade Southdown sheep.
C. C. Blunt, C. N. Maguire, Homer Dow — Committee.

POULTRY.

The Committee on Poultry have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
i8. First premium, to Mrs. J. H. Perkins, Lynnfield,

for flock of ten, with statement of a year's product

from 50 hens.
i2. First premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Toulouse geese.
$2. First premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Embden geese.
82. First premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Toulouse goslings.
$2. First premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Rouen clucks.
12. First premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Rouen ducklings.
$2. First piemium, to' Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Pekin ducks.
$2. First premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for
Pekiii ducklings.

43

■$2. First premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Pekin bantams.
$2. First premium, to Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus, for

pair of turkeys.
$2. First premium, to Geoige T. Bates, Lynn, for

Minorca fowls.
$1. Second premium, to John F. Jackson, Georgetown,

for Langshan fowls.
12. and diploma. First premium, to L. K. Pemberton,

Groveland, for Plymouth Rock fowls.
$1. Second premium, to C. H. Hardy, Groveland, for

White Wyandotte chicks.
|1. Gratuity, to Charles E. Symonds, Salem, for English

Golden Pheasants.
$2. and diploma. First premium, to Addison Noyes,

Newburyport, for B. P. Black Minorcas.
$2. First premium, to Addison Noyes, Newburyport, for

Cornish Indian Game.
$1. and diploma to W. Willis, West Newbury, for pen

White Wyandottes.
$1. Second premium, to Mrs. Homer Dow, Methuen, for

Plymouth Rock chicks.
$2. First premium, to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for Ply-
mouth Rock chicks.
|2. First premium, to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for Golden

Wyandotte fowls.
$2. First premium, to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for Golden

Wyandotte chicks.
12. First premium, to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for Creve-

cour chicks.
12. First premium, to Wm. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

coop Light Brahmas.
12. First premium, to Wm. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

trio Dark Biahmas.
$2. First premium, to Wm. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

S. C. Brown Leghorns.

44

$1. Second premium, to Wm. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

Browu Leghorn chicks.
'II. Second premium, to Wm. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

Barred Plymouth Rocks.
$2. First premium, to Wm. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

Indian Game fowls.
II. Second premium, to Wm. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

Buff Cochin chicks.
$2. First premium, to Wm. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

Partridge Cochin chicks.
•II. Second premium, to Wm. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

Golden Wyandotte and Partridge Cochin hens.

11. Second premium, to R. B. Smith, No. Andover, for

S. C. White Leghorns.
|2. First premium, to R. B. Smith, No. Andover, for

Dark Brahma Fowls.
12 First premium, to Martha A. Dummer, Newbury, for

White Wyandottes.

12. First premium, to Peter Hoogerziel, Beverly, for

Pekin bantams.
Diploma to M. H. Sands, Lawrence, for Brown Leghorn
chicks.

11. Second premium, to M. H. Sands, Lawrence, for

trio Brown Leghorn chicks.

12. First premium to E. N. Little, Haverhill, for Buff

Wyandottes.
$1. Second premium, to Homer Dow, Methuen, for

Brown Leghorns.
|2. First premium, to Joseph Pearson, Newbury, for

White Cochins.
|2. First premium, to J. S. Haddock, Haverhill, for

White Plymouth Rock chicks.
|2. First premium, to Edmund Torduff, Methuen, for

Black Langshau chicks.
12. First premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Black Langshan fowls.

45

2. First premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Barred Plymouth Rocks.
2. First premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Houdans.

1. Second premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Black Minorcas.

2. First premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Mottled Anconas.
2. First premium, to Thomas Sanders, Haverhill, for

Buff Cochins.
>1. Second premium, to Thomas Sanders, Haverhill, for

Bronze turkeys.

1. Second premium, to Thomas Sanders, Haverhill, for

wild turkey gobblers.

2. First premium, to Willard W. Chace, Groveland, for

White Plymouth Rock fowls.

1. Second premium, to Willard W. Chace, Groveland,

for White Plymouth Rock chicks.

2. First premium, to Willard W. Chace, for S. L.

Wyandotte fowls.
2. First premium to John J. Collins, Haverhill, for

Pitt Game fowls.
!2. First premium, to S. P. Smith, Haverhill, for trio

Andalusians.
12. First premium, to George C. Perkins, Haverhill, for

Black Java chicks.
)2. First premium, to G. H. Grenman, Haverhill, for

Black Cochins.
i2. First premium, to J. J. Connor, West Newbury, for

trio Game fowls.
)1. Second premium, to J. J. Connor, West Newbury, for

R. C. Leghorn fowls.
52. First premium, to J. J. Connor, West Newbury, for

R. C. Leghorn chicks.
^2. First premium, to J. J. Connor, West Newbury, for

R. C. Game chicks.

46

$5. Gratuity, to A. L. Griffin, Lawrence, for best poul-
try appliances.

J. H. Tenney, Virgil Dow, James O. Parker — Com-
mittee.

Your committee on poultrj^, entered upon their
duties at the Fair recentl}' held at Haverhill with a
great deal of distrust as to their qualifications to satisfac-
torily discharge the trust reposed in them. They were
plain, practical farmers, and not poultry experts or fanciers ;
and from a plain, practical farmer's standpoint they only
could judge of the poultry exhibit. To them the fowl that
would lay the largest number of eggs, or the chicks
that would make the finest market poultry and bring the
highest price, would be the ones to be commended, rather
than those whose combs, or wattles, or hackle feathers, or
particular markings were exactly up to the standard of
those who pose as infallible authority on poultry matters.
While by no means ignoring the " points " which are
regarded as necessary to make a fowl worthy to receive a
first premium, still they considered that size, shape, fine-
ness of bone and flesh, and a general appearance of healthi-
ness, were of more than equal value. " With malice
toward none and charity toward all " breeds of fowl, they
endeavored to fulfil their duties honestly and impartially-
The exhibit was very large and of unusual merit, and the
committee soon perceived that it would be less difficult
to decide what ought to be awarded premiums than what
must be passed by. The exhibits of E. R. Perkins of
Salem, L. W. Hawkes of Saugus, and A. L. Griffin of
Lawrence, were large and of great excellence, and they
are to be commended for the perfection to which they
have bred their fowls. The noble geese and beautiful
ducks exhibited by Mr. Hawkes, attracted much notice
from the visitors and deservedly so. Of several varieties
he exhibited two coops each of equal merit, so far as th&

47

committee could judge, and evidently Mr. Hawkes felt
that he ought to receive both 1st and 2d premium on them.
There being no competitors, and there being no question
in the committee's mind as to their merit, they felt that
if any premium was to be awarded it should be a 1st
premium, and as two 1st premiums to the same exhibitor
are not according to the rules of the society, as the
committee understood them, they could not award them
to him. Moreover they had already awarded him nine
1st premiums, and these fowls being regarded by them as
specimens of his 'flock, they could not conscientiously
award him a 2d premium.

The committee desire to ask, for the benefit of other
committees that may come after them, that hereafter the
poultry exhibit shall be arranged in groups according to
breeds, instead of grouping each exhibitor's coops^ together,
maybe of many different breeds. In this way the com-
mittee can much more easily compare the exhibits and
decide as to their merits.

The committee were much hindered and troubled
at the recent fair by the crowd of visitors that were con-
stantly in the tent while they were making the examina-
tions and were making up their decisions ; and they would
respectfully ask the feasibility of a rail excliuiing all
visitors from the tent for a reasonable time — one hour, or
perhaps a little longer time. They feel certain that if
the breeds had been arranged in groups together, and the
crowd of visitors excluded from the tent, they could
have accomplished more and have done the work more
satisfactorily in one hour than they did in two.
The committee regret that they feel the necessity of
calling 3"0ur attention to one phase of their experience
which was unpleasant and somewhat embarrassing, viz : —
the disposition on the part of a few of the exhibitors to
closely follow them and to hear whatever might be said
about their exhibits or the exhibits of others, and in some

48

instances to interfere with them while in the discharge of
their duties, and in one case it became so persistent that
the committee informed him that according to the rules
of the Society he had forfeited his claim to receive premi-
ums. To the honor of most of the exhibitors be it said
that there was no interference from them, but for the sake
of the few who try to influence the judges in favor of
their own exhibits they should be reminded of the rule
forbidding all interference.

Respectfully submitted,

J. H. TENNEY,

Chairman of Committee.
Rowley, Sept. 28. 1893.

STATEMENT OF MRS. J. H. PERKINS, LYNXFIELD CENTRE,

MASS.

The fowls entered for premium are a cross between Red
Legliorn and Light Bramah, hatched by Prairie State In-
cubator, in May, 1892, and began laying in September.

When hatched they were transferred to brooders, heated
with kerosene lamp. At the seventh day all infertile
eggs were tested from the incubator. These I boiled
hard and fed to the chicks, with fine cracked corn sifted
from the coarse. The second week I added baked pota-
toes and whole wheat thoroughly scalded. When three
weeks old a small quantity of animal meal and scraps
were added to their fare, feeding five times a day, also
leaves from white clover and fine 03^ster shell. When six
weeks old I gave a soft feed, consisting of cracked corn,
oats, wheat one fourth each, with a liberal quantity of
animal meal and scraps, feeding morning and noon, at
night I gave them cracked corn, wheat and barley, one
third each. This course of feed was continued through
the winter with the addition of clover hay cut fine and
two qts. of cooked potatoes scalded with their morning
feed, and sufficient salt to season the whole feed.

49

During the winter I gave them chopped cabbage,
finding the.y ate it with greater relish than when served
whole, also with less waste of the cabbage.

I had cabbage furnished for them on exchange for]_the
dressing made by the hens.

Clean water was kept constantly by them.

Egg production, eight thousand, seven hundred and
twenty eggs, or seven hundred and twenty-six and two-
thirds dozens.

Average per hen one hundred and seventy-four and
two-fifths.

Cost of feed per hen for the year, one dollar and eight
cents.

Average per doz. eggs, twenty-eight cents.

Profit per hen, two dollars and ninety-eight cents.

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAMS.

The Committee on Ploughing with Double Teams have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to J. P. Little, Amesburj', plough
used " Varning " No. 2.
18. Second premium, to C. K. Ordway, West Newbury,
plough -Doe" C.
110. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, 4 horses,
plough '• Hussey '' 101.

George L. Hawkes, Allen Smith, E. G. Nason — Com-
onittee.

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES, ANY PLOUGH
EXCEPT SWIVEL.
The Committee on Ploughing with Horses, any plough
except Swivel, have attended to their dutj' and respect-
fully report to the Secretary that they have made the
following awards:

50

$8. First premium, Fred H. Poor, West Newbury, two-
horses, 106 Hussey plough.

16. Second premium, W. E. Merrill, West Newbury^
two horses, 106 Hussey plough.

$4. Third premium, A. E. Towne, Georgetown, two
horses, 104 Hussey plough.
Alonzo B. Fellows, Chas. N. Maguire, L. H. Bailey,

Abel Stickney — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH TWO HORSES, SWIVEL
PLOUGH.
The Committee on Ploughing with Swivel Plough
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to
the Secretary that they have made the following awards i
$8. First premium, to A. M. Robinson, Andover, plough

76.
$6. Second premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,
plough, Yankee.
B. F. Barnes, Geo. B. Austin, Daniel D. Adams, Peter
Holt Jr. — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH THREE HORSES.
The Committee on Ploughing with Three Horses have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following award :
$8. First premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury,
plough Doe No. 4.
S. S. Lewis, Alvin Smith, Joshua H. Chandler — Comn
mittee.

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOUGH.

The Committee on Ploughing with Sulky Plough have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the-
Secretary that they have made the following awards :

51

$8. First premium, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, National

Reversible plough.
$6. Second premium, to C. A. Bixby, Danvers, National

Reversible plough.
Asa T. Newhall, D. M. Cole, Isaac F. Knowlton —
Committee.

HARROWS.

The Committee on Harrows have attended to their
duty and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$8. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for Acme Harrow.
$6. Second premium, to Henry Newhall & Co., Dan-
vers, for Yankee Pulverizer.
E. A. Emerson, Charles F. Austin, Daniel A. Carlton —
Committee.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

The Committee on Agricultural Implements have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
$10 and diploma, to Henry Newhall & Co., Danvers, for

Collection of Implements.
$5. First premium to Geo. E. Daniels, Rowley, for 2

horse cart.
$3. First premium, to Peter Hoogerziel, Beverly, for

patent wheelbarrow.
$1.50. First premium, to J. P. Little, Amesbury, for ox

yoke.
$6. Gratuity, to Hanscom Bros., Haverhill, for two

Yankee ploughs.
$5. Gratuity, to Inter National Scraper Co. for twa

wheel road scraper.

52

^2. Gratuity, to Byron F. R. Perkins, Georgetown, for

fruit basket.
$2. Gratuity, to George E. Daniels, Rowley, for one

horse cart.
^2. Gratuity, to George E. Daniels, Rowley, for light

tip cart.
^5. Gratuity, to J. L. Colcord, Peabody, for champion

mower.
^1. Gratuity, to Joseph E. Dodge, Rowley, for set of

marsh shoes.
W. J. Munroe, Charles A. Ladd, H. F. Longfellow —
■Committee.

CARRIAGES.

The Committee on Carriages have attended to their
•duly, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards:
^5. Gratuity, to Means & Hopkins, Merrimac, for

Victoria beach wagon.
$4. Gratuity, to Means & Hopkins, Merrimac, for sleighs.

George E. Daniels, Edward Harrington, Richard New-
•ell — Committee .

Of the foregoing premiums five hundred and eight
dollars and fifty cents are offered as State Premiums.

IN EXHIBITION HALL.

DAIRY.

The Committee on Dairy have attended to their duty^
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :

17. First premium, to Mrs. C. W. Gowen, West New-
bury, for 5 lbs. butter.
■$1. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for dozen

hens eggs.
$1. First premium, to N. K. Fowler, Boxford, for dozen
Plymouth Rock eggs.
John L. Shorey— /or the Committee.

STATEMENT OF MRS. C. W. GOWEN.

These five pounds of butter were made from the milk
of Jersey cows. My milk was set in pans about one-
half full and skimmed in 36 hours. After enough cream
was collected, it was churned, washed and salted at the
rate of one ounce to one pound of butter. After stand-
ing several hours it was worked over and stamped.

BREAD AND CANNED FRUIT.
The Committee on Bread and Canned Fruit have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the Sec-
retary that they have made the following awards:
$3.00. First premium, to Mrs. Chas. C. Anderson, Brad-
ford, for white bread.
$2.00. Second premium, to Mrs. Annie A. Foote, Danvers,
for white bread.

54

^2.00. First premium, to Mrs. Lizzie J. Wilson, Danvers,

for graham bread.
^1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. Betsey Lyons, Groveland,

for graham bread.
$1.50. First premium, to Mrs. Lizzie J. Wilson, Danvers,

for brown bread.
#1.50. First premium, to Mrs. Lizzie J. Wilson, Danvers,

for rye bread.
•$1.00. Third premium, to Mrs. Frank W. Poore, Haverhill,

for white bread.
.50 Gratuity, to Edna E. Moore, Groveland, for white

bread.
.50 Gratuity, to Mrs. Carrie Wales, Groveland, for

white bread.
.50 Gratuity, to Mrs. Moses Smith, West Newbury, for

white bread.
83.00. First premium, to Mrs. Warren M. Cole, Boxford,

for 30 jars canned fruit.
$3.00. First premium, to L. H. Bassett, No. Andover, for

a collection of canned fruit.
$2.00. Second premium, to Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Amesbury,

for 27 jars canned fruit.
$2.00. Second premium, to Mrs. Thaddeus Hale, Rowley,

for 12 tumblers jelly.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. W. Gowen, West Newbury,

for 5 lbs dried apples.
Mrs. E. P. Nichols, Mrs. Isaac C. Day, Mrs. J. H. Per-
kins, Mrs. J. H. Chandler, Mrs. J. Henry HiW — Co^nmif-
tee.

STATEMENT OF MRS. M. J. ANDERSON, BRADFORD, FIRST
PREMIUM, WHITE BREAD.

This bread was made of Bridal Veil flour, Fleischman
yeast cake, milk, three quarters of an hour baked, twen-
ty-four hours old.

55

■STATEMENT OF MRS. LIZZIE J. WILSON DANVERS, FIRST,
PREMIUM, GRAHAM BREAD.

One pint graham flour, one-half pint wheat flour, one-
half pint warm water, one-half pint compressed yeast
cake, one tablespoon molasses, one teaspoon salt. Mix as
stiff as can be stirred with a spoon. Let it rise over night
and bake about an hour in a moderate oven. This quan-
tity makes one loaf.

STATEMENT OF MRS. BETSEY LYONS, GROVEL AND, SECOND
PREMIUM, GRAHAM BREAD.

Flour, Glen Mills ''Graham Meal" and St. Louis fl
Time raised, eighteen hours; time kneaded, twenty min-
utes ; time baked, one hour, fifteen minutes ; warm water,
one quart ; yeast cake, one half "Fleischman's; "molasses
one scant teacupful; lard, the size of a hen's egg; salt,
two teaspoonfuls ; soda, one third teaspoonful ; Graham
meal, four coffeecupfuls ; St. Louis Hour, five coffeecup-
fuls. Mix at noon, bake next morning. Dissolve one-
half yeast cake in one cup of water taken from the quart
of warm water. Put molasses, lard, salt and soda into
the pan with the remainder of the quart of water and
mix thoroughly, add the yeast, then the meal and flour.
Stir briskly into a stiff dough but not stiff enough to
knead. Set in a warm place three hours, then in a cool
place until bedtime. At bedtime take on to the mould-
ing-board and add flour enough to knead and knead fif-
teen minutes, return to the pan, set in a cool place until
morning. Early in the morning, knead five minutes,
make into loaves, raise until light enough to bake, bake
one hour fifteen minutes.

STATEMENT OF MRS. LIZZIE J. WILSON, DANVERS, MASS.
BEOWN BREAD.

Two cups Indian meal, two cups rye, one cup flour,
two-thirds cup molasses, one pint milk — either sweet or
sour, one and one-half teaspoonfuls soda, one teaspoonful
salt, steam three hours.

56

RYE BBEAD.

One pint rye meal, one-half pint corn meal, one-half
pint wheat flour, one tablespoonful salt, one compressed
yeast cake, one pint warm water, sift the rye, corn meal
and flour together, add the water and salt and yeast cake ;
let rise until light and bake in a moderate oven 45 min-
utes.

STATEMENT OF MRS. F. W. POOR.

Two and one-half quarts flour, a pinch of salt, half cup
of sugar, tablespoonful of lard, quarter of yeast cake, pint
lukewarm milk, rise three times. " Urban Flour."

STATEMENT OP ANNA L. COLE, WEST BOXFORD.

This may certify that the preserves entered by me for
premium are made one pound of sugar to one pound of
fruit and cooked in the jars one-half hour.

STATEMENT OF MRS. J. HENRY HILL, AMESBURY.

In canning fruit, I use a syrup made by putting one
quart of boiling water into 2 quarts of sugar and boiling a
few minutes then I throw in one-half pint of cold water to
clear it. — For pears and peaches I cook in clear water un-
til a straw will pierce them easily then put them into the
syrup and simmer a few moments.

For sweet pickles I use 4 pounds of sugar to 1 quart of
vinegar, cooking the fruit in the syrup, and spice to taste.

STATEMENT OF MRS. THADDEUS HALE.
JELLIES.

Boil fruit in porcelain kettle twenty minutes. Strain
through fine cheese cloth. Boil five minutes. Allow
one pound of sugar to pint of juice. Heat sugar. Boil
one minute after adding sugar.

SPICED CURRANTS.

Three pounds of sugar, one pint of vinegar, tablespoon-
ful cloves, cinnamon and allspice. Make into a syrup
add six pounds of currants ; boil twenty minutes.

57

HONEY.

The Committee on Honey have attended to their duty
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
•$3. First premium, to John Barker, No. Andover, for

honey.
$2. Second premium, to Edwin Hazeltine, Haverhill, for

honey.
•$1. Gratuity, to Cliarles Knight, Haverhill, for bees.

Your Committee found two entries of honey in comb,
and the same of extract or liquid honey.

Mr. Charles Knight, of ' Haverhill, exhibited a few
pounds of honey, and a hive of bees, but as no statement,
as required by the rules of the Society, accompanied the
exhibit, no premiums were awarded, but the Committee
thought it best to award Mr. Knight a gratuity of one
dollar.

Henry Alley, John J. Gould, Warren M. Cole, John
H. George — Committee.

PEARS.

The Committee on Pears have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
•fS.OO First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Anjou

pears.
$3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Bosc

pears.
$3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, forBartlett

pears.
$3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Louise

Bonne pears.
'$3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Howell

pears.
ILOO. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Sheldon

pears.

58

$1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lj^nn, for Duchess-
pears.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Lawrence

pears.
ILOO. Gratuity, to J. D. Foote, Haverhill, for Haverhill

pears.
$1.00. Gratuity, to B. Beckett, Haverhill, for Louise

Bonne pears.
$3.00. First premium, to S. J. Richards, Lawrence, for

Vicar pears.
$3.00. First premium, to Allen Barr, Lawrence, for Seckel

pears.
$3.00. First premium, to S. J. Barr, Lawrence, for Dana's

Hovey pears.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Maggie Shay, Lawrence, for Lawrence

pears.
$1.50. Gratuity to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Clairgeau pears.
$3.00. First premium, to J. W. Marsden, Lawrence, for

Clairgeau pears.
$3.00. First premium, to Mrs. Robert Lindsay, Lawrencer

for Sheldon pears.
$3.00. First premium, to James Wilson Topsfield, for

Onondago.
$L00. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for Bosc

pears.
$1.00. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for Anjou

pears.
$3.00. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead,

for Paradise d'Automne pears.
$1.00. Gratuity, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, for

Belle Lucrative pears.
$1.00. Gratuity, to George Walton, Feabody, for Clapp's

Favorite pears.
$1.50. Gratuity, to George Walton, Peabody, for de

Congrus pears.

59

$1.00. Gratuity, to E. F. Webster, Haverhill, for Merriam

pears.
$1.00 Gratuity, to E. F. Webster, Haverhill, for Vicar

pears.
13.00. First premium, to Roland Pray, Haverhill, for

Duchess pears.
$3.00. First premium, to Walter B. Allen, Lynn, for

Lawrence pears.
$3.00. First premium, to Walter B. Allen, Lynn, for

Belle Lucrative pears.
$3.00. First premium, to Walter B. Allen, fLynn, for

Urban iste pears.
$6.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn,'; for collection

of pears.
$3.00. Second premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

collection of pears.
Peter M. Neal, A. C. Osborne, B. F. Huntington^
William Willcomb — Committee.

APPLES.

The Committee on Apples have attended to their duty,

and respectfully i-eport to the Secretary- that they^have

made the following awards :

$3.00. First premium, to Mrs. John M. Haseltine, Haver-
hill, for Gravenstein.

$3.00. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for
Tolmans Sweet.

$3.00, First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for
Roxbury Russett.

$L50. Second premium, to C. M. Lunt, Newbury, for
Gloria Mundee.

$1.50. Second premium, to C. M. Lunt, Newbury, for
Red Mcintosh.

$1.50. Second premium, to Michael Shea, Lawrence, for
Maiden Blush.

60

$1.50. Second })remium, to Thomas P. Hale, Rowley,

for Transcendent Crab.
$3.00. First premium, to Charles F. Knight, Newbury,

for Hubbardston.
$3.00. Charles F. Knight, Newbury, for Farneuse.
$3.00. First premium, to George F. Sanger, Peabody, for

Drap 'VOr.
$2.00. Fiilst premium, to Mrs. David Warren, Swampscott,

for Pickman Pippin.
$1.00. Gratuity to Beiij. Griffin, Lawrence, for Gille

Flower.
$3.00. First premium, to Walter F. Hutchinson, Dan-

vers, for Hunts Russett.
$1.50. Second premium, to Henry M. Killam, Boxford,

for Golden Russett.
$3.00. First premium, J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Smiths Cider.
$3.00. First i»remium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Granite Beauty.
$3.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Red Russett.
$1.50. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for Collec-
tion.
$3.00. First premium, to George D. Walton, Peabody, for

Tompkins King.
$1.50. Second premium, to George D. Walton, Peabody,

for Haas.
$1.50. Second premium, to George D. Walton, Peabody,

for Hawley's Seedling.
$3.00. First premium, to Thaddeus Hale, Rowley, for

Baldwin.
$3.00. First premium, to C. W. Gowen, West Newbury,

for R. I. Greening.
$3.00. First premium, to E. F. Childs, Lawrence, for

Porter.

61

$1.00. Gratuity, to O. L. Sargent, Haverhill, for R. I.

Greening.
$1.50. Second premium, to O. L. Sargent, Haverhill, for

Northern Spy.
$2.00. Gratuity, to D. B. Hill, Peabody, for Gravenstein.
$1.50. Second premium, to George D. Walton, Peabody,

for Essex County Baldwin.
W. H. B. Currier, Andrew Nichols, E. F. Webster, J.
W. Goodell, S. G. Sargent — Committee.

PEACHES, GPvAPES AND ASSORTED FRUITS.
The Committee on Peaches, Grapes and Assorted Fruit

have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to

the Secretary that they have made the following awards:

$2.00. First premium, Charles Knight, Haverhill, for
Late Crawford.

50c. Gratuity, to Charles Knight, Haverhill, for Old
Mixon.

1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Yellow flesh.

1.00. Gratuity, to P. M. Neal, Lynn, for Foster Peach.

1.00. Gratuity, to Charles F. Knight, Newbury, for

Mammoth.
50c. Gratuity, to Henry Merrill, Haverhill, for Victoria-
50c. Gratuity, to John Barker, No. Andover, for Mixon.

2.00. First premium, to John Barker, No. Andover, for
Foster.

1.50. Gratuity, to Mary E. Lindsay, Lawrence, for Fos-
ter.
50c. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for Seedling.

2.00. First premium, to Geo. W. Sargent, Merrimac, for
Seedling.

2.00. First premium, to E. H. Foster, Haverhill, for Yel-
low flesh.
50c. Gratuity, to E. F. Webster, Haverhill, for Seed-
ling.

62

GRAPES.

3.00. Fii-st premium, to S. M. Titcomb, West Newbury,

for Worden.
3.00. First premium, to Annie Griers, Lawrence, for

Concord.
3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Dan vers, for

Niagara.
50c. Gratuity, to Charles Knight, Haverhill, for Der-

reula.
50c. Gratuity, to Charles Knight, Haverhill, for Pock-

lington.
50c. Gratuity, to Charles Knight, Haverhill, for Dracut

Amber.
1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Champion.

50c. Gratuity, to S. J. Barr, Lawrence, for Martha.
1.00. Gratuity, to S. J. Barr, Lawrence, for Worden's

Seedling.
1.00. Gratuity to Virgil Dow, Methuen, no name.
50c. Gratuity, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for

Moore's Early.
50c. Gratuity, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for Dia-
mond.

QUINCES.

^.00. First premium, to L. K. Pemberton, Groveland, for

Orange Quince.
1.00. Gratuity, to James A. Day, Haverhill, for Orange.
1.00. Gratuity, to George A. Rogers, No. Audover, for

Champion.
1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Orange,

PLUMS AND ASSOllTED FKUIT.

1.00. Gratuity, to J. W. Goodell, Lynn, for Washington

Plum.
50c. Gratuit}', to J. \V. Goodell, Lynn, for Gini Plum.
.2.00. First premium, to. J. W. Goodell, Lynn, for Down-

ing's Early Plum.

63

1.00. Gratuity, to Charles F. Knight, Newbury, for Pur-
ple Egg Plum.

2.00. First premium, to Charles F. Knight, Newbury*
Seedling Plum.

50c. Gratuity, to Charles F. Knight, Newbury, for Yel-
low Gage.

50c. Gratuity, to J. H. Tenney, Rowley, for Quacken-
bos Plum.

2.00. First premium, to J. H. Tenney, Rowley, for Reine
Claud Plum.

50,c. Gratuity, to C. H. Foster, Lawrence, for Weaver
Plum.

50c. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for Moore's
Arctic.

2.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Lom-
bard Plum.

50c. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for Native

Plum.
4.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Basket
of Assorted Fruit.
Walter B. Allen, George B. Bradley, John F. Jackson

— Committee.

PLANTS.

The Committee on Plants have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the Secretary that they have
made the following awards :
1.00. First premium, to Frank W. Poor, Haverhill, for

2 Dracenas.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. V. A. Gardner, Haverhill,

for English Ivy.
1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Charles Perley, Boxford,

for English Ivy.
50c. Gratuitv, to A. R. Dodge, Haverhill, for Amaryllis

Lily."

64

T. C. Thurlow, Mrs. N. C. Ladd, Miss' Clara A. Hale,
Mrs. J. W. Chadwick — Committee.

FLOWERS.

The Committee on Plants and Flowers'^have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary
that they have made the following awards :
1.00. First premium, to Emma H. Gage, Methuen, for

Calendulas.
1.00. First premium, to Emma H. Gage, jMethuen, for

Salpiglosis.
50c. Gratuity, to Emma H. Gage, Methuen, for Basket

Garden Flowers.
1.00. Gratuity, to Daniel Mighill, Boxford, for^32 Varie-
ties Wild Flowers.
2.00. First premium, to B. F. Bickam, Haverhill, for 2

Bouquets Wild Flowers.
50c. Gratuity, to Sarah B. Barnes, Haverhill, for Bou-
quet of Poppies.
3.00. Second premium, to George fl. Hill, Haverhill, for

Floral Design.
1.00. First premium, to Andrew Lackey, Haverhill, for

Assorted Dahlias.
7.00. First premium, to Mrs. Geo. L. Averill, No. Ando-

ver, for Floral Design.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Geo. L. Averill, No. Andover, for

Bouquets for Vases.
2.00. First premium, to M. N. Brancold, Haverhill, for

Collection Pansies.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Jennie G. Kimball, Methuen, for

Star design in Pansies.
2.00. First premium, to Mrs. Edwin Haseltine, Haverhill

for Garden Bouquet.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Edwin Hazeltine, Haverhill^

for Native Bouquet.

65

75c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Edna Hazeltine, Haverhill, for
Sweet Peas.

1.00 First premium, to Mrs. M. E. Burleigh, Haverhill,
for 24 Zinnias.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. M. E. Burleigh, Haverhill,
for Drum Phlox.

1.00 First premium, to Mrs. M. E. Burleigh, Haverhill,
for 12 Dianthus.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. M. E. Burleigh, Haverhilh
for Scabioscas.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Henry Merrill, Haverhill, for
Pompon Astors.

2.00. First Premium, to Stanley O. Ladd, Groveland,
Basket Native Flowers.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. N. E. Ladd, Groveland, for Gar-
den Flowers.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Charles Perley, Boxford, for
Sweet Peas.

1.00. First premium, to City Farm, Haverhill, for Sweet
Peas.

1.00. First premium, to City Farm, Haverhill, for two
Bouquets.

1.00. First premium, to City Farm, Haverhill, for Bou-
quet of Dahlias.

1.00. First premium, to City Farm, Haverhill, for Nastur-
tiums.

50c. Gratuity, to Frank W. Poor, Haverhill, for Carna-
tions.

1.00. First premium, to Dr. Sawyer, Haverhill, for 12
Double Petunias.

1.00. First premium, to Blanch Emerson, Haverhill, for
24 Single Petunias.

1.00. Gratuity, to William Ferguson, Groveland, for
Collection Gladiolas.

2.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for
Basket Garden Flowers.

66

1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. J. H. Hill, Amesbury,
for Perennials.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. H. Hill, Amesbury, for
Single Dahlias.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. A. L. Cain, Lynn, for Pom-
pon Dahlias.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. A. L. Cain, Lynn, for 24
Annuals.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, Single
Geraniums.

1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for Dou-
ble Geraniums.

1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for 2
Garden Bouquets.

5.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for 100
Specimens Flowers.

2.00. First premium, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury,
for Hardy Phlox.

1.00. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury, for
25 Cannas.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. A. Perley, Boxford, for Col-
lection of Flowers.

5.00. Gratuity, to Charles Tassanario, Danvers, for Flo-
ral Design.
E. E. Woodman, Mrs. William Horner, Mrs. E. V.

Gage, Mrs. C. W. Go wen, Mrs. Paul Perkins — Committee.

VEGETABLES.
The Committee on Vegetables have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made thg following awards :
f 3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for sweet

corn.
3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Mangel
Wurtzels.

67

.50. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Edmands

beets.
3.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Short Horn carrot.
3.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Long Orange carrot.
3.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Edmands beets.
.50. Gratuity, to E. C. Little, Haverhill, for Mangel

Wurtzels.
1.00. Gratuity, to George B. Austin, Boxford, for Purple

Top turnip.
5.00. First premium, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Ando-

ver, for collection of vegetables.
.60. Gratuity, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover, for

Edmands beets.
.50. Gratuity, to W. Jaques, Newbury, for Danvers

Intermediate carrot.
3.00. First premium, to L. H. Bassett, No. Andover, for

Short Top carrot.
3.00. First premium, to Andrew Lane, Rockport, for

Cranberries.
1.00. Gratuity, to H. A. Stiles, Middleton, for Cran-
berries.
3.00. First premium, to H. A. Stiles, Middleton, for Strap

Leaf turnip.
.50. Gratuity, to G. S. Phippen, Methuen, for sweet

corn.
3.00. First premium, to Virgil Dow, Methuen, for Inter-
mediate carrot.
.50. Gratuity, to George L. Averill, No. Andover, for

sweet corn.
1.00. Third premium, to Henry M. Killam, Boxford, for

Cranberries.
.50. Gratuity, to D. M. Cole, Boxford, for Danvers

Carrot.

68

.50. Gratuity, to Virgil Dow, Methuen, for Dewings

Blood beet.
3.00. First premium, to Virgil Dow, Methuen, for par-
snips.
1.00. Gratuity, to Virgil Dow, Methuen, for sweet corn.
.50. Gratuity, to T. G. Phillips, Bradford, for early

sweet corn.
.50. Gratuity, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for Danvers

carrot.
3.00. First premium, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for Eclipse

beet.
.50. Gratuity, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for Mangel

Wurtzels.
1.00. Gratuity, to A. N. Currier, Haverhill, for sweet

corn.
3.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for sweet

corn.
2.00. Second premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for

cranberries.
3.00. First premium, to J. 0. Connor, West Newbury, for

Ruta bagas.
.50. Gratuity, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Corey sweet

corn.
1.00. Gratuity, to G. M. Sargent, Groveland, for carrots.
.50. Gratuity, to E. Webster, Haverhill, for sweet corn.
2.00. Second premium, to A. P. Russell, Methuen, for

Stone Mason cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to A. P. Russell, Methuen, for red

cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to A. P. Russell, Methuen, for

Beauty of Hebron potatoes.
3.00. First premium, to E. Webster, Haverhill, for Early

Rose potatoes.
3.00. First premium, to E. Webster, Haverhill, for Early

Maine potatoes.

69

"3.00. First premium, to Fred A. Russell, Methuen, for

Hubbard squash.
2.00. Second premium, to Fred A. Russell, Methuen, for

Savo}^ cabbage.
2.00. First premium, to E. Webster, Haverhill, for Chris-
tian melons.
5.00. First premium, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Ando-

ver, for collection of vegetables No. 2.
3.00. First premium, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Ando-

ver, for Turban squash.
3.00. First premium, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Ando-

ver, for Essex Hybrid squash.
3.00. First premium, to George B. Austin, Boxford, for

Sibley squash.
3.00. First premium, to George B. Austin, Boxford, for

Bay State squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to Walter I. Chadwick, Boxford, for

Danvers Yellow onions.
3.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Red Globe onion.
1.00. Gratuity, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for Cum-
berland Red tomatoes.
3.00. First premium, to Charles W. Webster, Haverhill,'

for Brunswick cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to Charles W. Webster, Haverhill,

for Essex Hybrid tomatoes.
3.00. First premium, to Richard Newell, West Newbury,

for Savoy cabbage.
.50. Gratuity, to George W. Gallison, Haverhill, for

Hubbard squash.
2.00. Second premium, to L. H. Bassett, No. Andover,

for Red cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to L. H. Bassett, No. Andover, for

Stone Mason cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to L. H. Bassett, No. Andover, for

Acme tomato.

70

3.00. First premium, to L. H. Bassett, No. Andover, for
Red Cross tomato.

2.00. Second premium, to W. H. Greenleaf, Salisbury,
for Cauliflower.

3.00. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead,
for Yellow flat onions.

1.00. Gratuity, to J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, for
Red onions.

2.00. First premium, to Homer Dow, Methuen, for water
melons.

2.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Salmon
fleshed melon.

1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Acme toma-
toes.

3.00. First premium, to D. M. Cole, Boxford, for Living-
ston's Beauty tomato.

1.00. Gratuity, to J. Warren Chadwick, Boxford, for
Marrow squash.
.50. Gratuity, to T. G. Phillips, Bradford, for Freeman

potatoes.
.50. Gratuity, to T. G. Phillips, Bradford, for Marrow
squash.

1.00. Gratuity, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for Boston Mar-
row squash.

1.00. Gratuity, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Hebron po-
tatoes.

3.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Clarke's
No. 1 potato.

3.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Cauli-
flower.

3.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for. All
Seasons cabbage.

1.00. Gratuity, to M. J. Connor, West Newbury, for
Rural New York potatoes.

1.00. Gratuity, to John Litch, Newbury, for Danvers
Globe onions.

71

3.00. First premium, to M. K. Noyes, Newbury, for Dan-

vers onions.
3.00. First premium, to A. G. Whitten, Bradford, for

Marrow squash.
2,00. First premium, to A. G. Whitten, Bradford, for

Musk melon.
Asa T. Newhall, W. K, Cole, L. H. Bassett, Eben True,
E. P. Barrett — Committee.

GRAIN AND SEED.

The Committee on Grain and Seed have attended ta
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards:
$3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 25 ears

Pop corn.
2.00. Third premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West

Newbury, for 25 ears Field corn.
1.00. First premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West

Newbury, for White Dutch oats.
3.00. Second premium, to Henry M. Killam, Boxford,

for Trace of field corn.
1.00. First premium, to Henry M. Killam, Boxford, for

shelled corn.
5.00. First premium, to A. S. Longfellow, Groveland,

for 25 ears Field corn.
1.00. First premium, to J. O. Connor, West Newbury,

for winter rye.
1.00. First premium, to J. O. Connor, West Newbury,

for yellow eye beans.
2.00. Second premium, to Virgil Dow, Methuen, for

Trace pop corn.
L. H. Bailey, E. A. Emerson, R. L. Smith — Committee,

72

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

The Committee on Counterpanes and Afghans have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards:
$4.00. First premium, to M. Blanch Whitman, Haverhill,

for Crochet quilt.
^.00. Second premium, to Mrs. Lewis Killam, Haverhill,

for Cotton quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. L. Ricard, Haverhill, for Silk

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Rufus Williams, Haverhill, for
Silk quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. O. Warren, West Newbury, for
Silk quilt.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Bernard Copping, Groveland, for

Knitted afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. S. Whittier, Haverhill, for

Crochet afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. A. Brookings, Newburyport,

for Cotton quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. W. Killam, Boxford, for
Knitted quilt.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. M. Tilton, Haverhill, for

Crochet afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. W. Walton, Haverhill, for

Silk quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Lucy E. Millet, Georgetown, for Silk

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Dillie Mellen, Haverhill, for Crochet

afghan.
.75. Gratuity to Dillie Mellen, Haverhill, for Crochet

afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Eliza Fuller, Newburyport, for
Crochet quilt.
1.00. Gratuity to Mrs. A. Copp, Haverhill, for Silk quilt.

73

.50. Gratuity, to Bessie Knapp, Newburyport, for Sofa

throw.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. C. Hanscom, Haverhill, for
Cotton quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. J. Morey, Haverhill, for Silk

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. B. F. Kelley, Haverhill, for Knit
quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. M. Richardson, Newburyport,

for Silk quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to R. C. Harriman, Haverhill, for Cotton

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Fannie Knapp, Newburyport, for

Silk quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss I. Smith, Newburyport, for Log-
Cabin quilt.
.50. Gratuity to Mrs. N. R. Stanley, Newburyj^ort, for

Satin quilt.
The Committee found a Finely Quilted Flannel spread
that was not among the entries, of which they wish to
make honorable mention.

Mrs. H. F. Longfellow — for the Committee.

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

The Committee on Carpetings and Rugs have attended

to their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that

they have made the following awards :

13.00. First premium, to Mary J. Symonds, Salem,
for Braided mat.

2.00. Second Premium, to Mrs. Moses E. Cook, New-
buryport, for Braided mat.

LOO. Gratuity, to Mrs. Aseneth Sanborn, West New-
bury, for Hooked rug.

l.Ol). Gratuity, to Mrs. H. M. Ricard, Haverhill, for
Braided mat.

74

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. B. F. Kelley, Haverhill, for

Hooked rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Hichard A. Sargent, Merrimac,

for Braided mat.
1.00. Gratuity, to jNIrs. C. H. Ordway, West Newbury,

for Chenille rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. B. McAuliff, West Newbury, for

Knit rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. A. Brookings, Newburyportv

for Knit rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Hannah H. Knowlton. West

Newbury, for Drawn in rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Michael Burke, Haverhill, for

Braided carpet.
Mrs. Geo. B. Bradley — :for the Committee.

MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.
The Committee on Articles Manufactured from Leather

have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to

the Secretary that they have made the following awards :

$5.00. First premium to F. G. Richards, Haverhill, for
team harnesses.

5.00. First premium to I. W. Hanson, Haverhill, for
Goddard harness.

2.00. Gratuity, to S. Osgood, Georgetown, for head rest.

1.00. Gratuity, to Jackson Webster, Haverhill, for sad-
dle, bridle and whip.

2.00. Gratuity, to I. W. Hanson, Haverhill, for case of
harness trimmings.

Diploma to C. K. Fox, Haverhill, for samples of shoes.

Diploma, to H. B. Goodrich, Haverhill, for samples of
shoes.

Diploma, to G. C. Howe, Haverhill, for 12 pair shoes.

Diploma, to Hunkings and Wilds, Haverhill, for 12 pair
shoes.

Diploma, to L. Johnson & Son, llaveihill, for samples of

shoes.
Diploma to Poor & Dole, Haverhill, for samples of shoes.
Diploma to H. H. Hoyt, Haverhill, for 20 pair shoes.
Diploma to F. S. and H. H. (lage, Haverhill, for samples

of shoes.
Diploma to Blake Brothers, Haverhill, for button boots.
Frank J. Bradley, James Dewhiirsc, I. E. Perk ns»
Aaron Sawyer, F. H. Gulliver — Committee.

FANCY WORK.

The Committee on Fancy Work have attended to their

duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that thev

have made the following awards :

.50. Gratuity, to S. A. Eastman, Haverhill, for towel.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. F. S. Newman, Haverhill, for

roman skirt.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. M. Ricard, Plaverhill, for

handkerchief.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. B. Bishop. Haverhill, for sam-
ples of lace.
.50. Gratuity, to ^Irs. .Alary F. Geyer, Haverhill, for

doll.
.50. Gratuity, to S. D. Gage, Methuen, for table scarf.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Virginia Brisett, Haverhill, for

picture throw.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. F. Ring, Haverhill, for doylies.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. F. Hanson, Newbuiyport, for

infant's dress.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. T. M. Tyler, Lynn, for seven

pieces fancy work.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. A. Blake, Haverhill, for cen-
tre piece, mat, &c.
2.00. Gratuity, to INIrs. Caroline Blake, Haverhill, for
table cover and sofa pillow.

76

3.00. Gratuity, to Marc Ami, Methuen, for twelve sheets,

socks and chemise.
3.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. N. L. Sumner, Newburyport, for

bolting scarf.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. M. Lewis, Newburyport, for
lace handkerchief.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Fred J. Morey, Haverhill, for

silk table cover.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. N. K. Stanley, Newburyport, for

cigar table cover.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. E. Poor, Bradford, for edging.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. David Boardman, Georgetown

for bureau scarf.
2.00. Gratuity, to Bertha M. Larkin, Georgetown, for

bureau scarf and doylies.
50. Gratuity, to Nellie Stanley, Newburyport, for scarf.
50. Gratuity, to M. A. Whittier, Haverhill, for centre

piece.
.50. Gratuity, to M. A. Whittier, Haverhill, for tea

cloth.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. W. Walker, Haverhill, for
picture throw.

1.50. Gratuity, to Helen J. Yeaton, Georgetown, for pen

and ink work.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. H. Grennan, Haverhill, for

scarf.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. H. Grennan, Haverhill, for

handkerchief.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. A. Hall, Middleton, for lace

edging.
3.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary P. Sprague, Haverhill, for

table cover.
.50. Gratuity, to Dillie Mullen, Haverhill, for banner.
-50. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. B. Bishop, Haverhill, for balls.
.50. Gratuity, to S. Alice George, Groveland, for apron.
-50. Gratuity, to S. Alice George, Groveland, for table

mat.

77

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. F. Triestler, Haverhill, for

doylies.
50. Gratuity, to Dillie Mullen, Haverhill, for Whit-
tier's birthplace.
1.00. Gratuity, to Pauline Edelstein, Haverhill, for two

scarfs.
3.00. Gratuity, to Miss Bonney, Haverhill, for case of

fancy work.
2.00. Gratuity, to Miss Tapley, Haverhill, for case of

millinery.
3.00. Gratuity, to Miss Holbrook, Merrimac, for table

cover.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Eben Mitchell, Haverhill, for

table cover.
2.00. Gratuity, to E. E. Graves, Haverhill, for case of

millinery.
3.00. Gratuity, to O. M. Paulus, Haverhill, for baby's

cloak.
Mrs. James How, Mrs. Fred G. Richards — ifor the Com-
mittee.

WORKS OF ART.
The Committee on Works of Art have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that
they have made the following awards :
1.00. Gratuity, to Gertrude Stan wood. West Newbury-

for apples and jug.
3.00. Gratuity, to Gertrude Stanwood, West Newbury,

for crayon drawings.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Henry Sprague, Haverhill, for

winter scene.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. H. Ricard, Haverhill, for

Lake George.
2.00. Gratuity, to Miss S. F. Franklin, Bradford, for

Franklin Park.

78

8.00. Gratuity, to Miss S. F. Franklin, Bradford, for

jar and drapery.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss S. F. Franklin, Bradford, for

Japanese study.
1.00. Gratuitj^, to Miss S. F. Franklin, Bradford, for

celery.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss S. F. Franklin, Bradford, for

wood duck.
3.00. Gratuity, to Miss S. F. Franklin, Bradford, for

lemons.
1.00. Gratuity, to Helen E. Carew, Methuen, for fruit.
1.00. Gratuity, to Helen E. Carew, Methuen, for Ken-

oza Lake.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. S. Snelling, Bradford, for dog.
1.00. Gratuit3% to Mrs. M. H. Ricard, Haverhill, for St.

Helena.
1.00. Gratuit}^ to Mrs. L. A. Dow, Haverhill, for peo-
nies.
3.00. Gratuit3% to Marion Warren, West Newbury, for

wood carving.
1.00. Gratuity, to Maggie M. Clark, Haverhill, for bull's

head.
3.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. JNI. Littlefield, Haverhill, for

crayon children.
2.00. Gratuity, to P. Holdenon, Haverhill, for flowers.
2.00. Gratuity, to Miss Carrow, Bradford, for roses.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Bingham, Lawrence, for painted

china.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Snelling, Bradford, for painted

china.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. B. G. Kimball, Haverhill, for

case of china.
3.00. Gratuity, to Miss Farns worth, Haverhill, for two
cases of china.
Ruth Farnsworth, J\Irs. B. G. Kimball— ^/by the Comynit-
tee.

79

CHILDKEN'S WORK.
The Committee on Children's Work have attended to

their duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that

they have made the following awards:

3.00. First premium, to Ethel A. Chamberlain, Law-
rence, for table cover.

2.00. Second premium, to Alice H. Ellis, Bradford, for
quilt.

2.00. Gratuity, to Helen G. Sargent, Methuen, for hand-
kerchief.

2.00. Gratuity, to Helen Maguire, Newburyport, for
shopping bag.

2.00. Gratuity, to Constance L. Abbott, Haverhill, for
jelly.

2.00. Gratuity, to Edith Pinkham, Haverhill, for mat.

2.00. Gratuity, to Susie Walker, Haverhill, for quilt.

Mrs. F. E. Day, Mrs. Isaac C. Day, Mrs, J. W. Chad-
wick — for file Committee.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHAN-
DISE.
The Committee on Manufactures and General Mer-
chandise have attended to their duty, and respectfully
report to the Secretary that they have made the follow-
ing awards :
2.00. Gratuity, to Thomas P. Harriman, Andover, for

case horse shoes.
2.00. Gratuity, to A. D. Griffin, Lawrence, for carpen-
ter's tools, 150 years old.
1.00. Gratuity, to P. Hoogerzill, Beverly, for baking

pan.
2. CO. Gratuity, to Moses Smith, West Newbury, for coll.

of birds' eggs and nests.
Diploma, to the Haverhill Hat Company for display of
hats.

80

Diploma, to Jacobs & Co., Haverhill, for display of

cloaks, dresses, &c.
Diploma, to Brooks & Co. Haverhill, for carpets and rugs.
Diploma, to Symonds Horse Shoe Co., Salem, for exhibit

of horse shoes.
Diploma, to C. H. Cox, Haverhill, for exhibit of flour^

grain, and meal.
Diploma, to Chace Bros., Haverhill, for blank books and

stationery.
Frank J. Bradley, I. E. Perkins, F. H. Gulliver — Com-
mittee.

GRANGE EXHIBIT.
The Committee on Granges have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the Secretary that they
have made the following awards:
25.00. First premium, to Haverhill Grange, No. 154.

REPORT.

We were surprised on learning that the Haverhill
griinge — No. 154 was the sole contributor to the fair as
an organization. This exhibit was very commendable,
and imposed on the committee the slight and agreeable
du'^y of awarding it the first premium.

Although not strictly in the line of duty of the com-
mittee, we did try to learn the reasons that held ten of
the eleven granges in Essex Co. aloof in the matter. The
prevailing motive seemed to be "too much work." Here-
tofore, we had supposed that the grangers were a set of
workers. Certainly their facilities are ample — so are the
prizes offered by the Agricultural Society.

How can a spirit of emulation be aroused among the
granges to bring out something like a general effort at
the next annual fair of the Agricultural Society ?

81

Haydn Brown, Sherman Nelson, Mrs. David Warren —

Committee.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ROOT CROPS.

To the Members of the Essex Agricultural Society:

The Committee selected to examine root crops entered
for premium, have the pleasure of submitting the follow-
ing report :

The number of ^entries this year was less than usual,
being eight, viz.:

John H. George, Methuen, onions ; Walter Smith, Me-
thuen, potatoes and cabbage; Crystal Lake Farm, Haver-
hill, J. J. Marsh, proprietor ; E. C. Little, superinten-
dent, mangolds and onions ; Kent & Marsh, Newbury-
port, onions; Dr. J. 0. McAllister, Lawrence, cabbage;
Maurice H. Conner, West Newbury, cabbage. The Com-
mittee desire to thank each competitor whom they had
occasion to visit, for the cordial manner in which they
were received.

Our first visit was made Sept. 6, at the field of onions
entered by Mr. John H. George, Methuen. At the time
of our visit the onions had not been pulled, but nearly
every onion in the field was thoroughly ripened down,
ready for market.

The onions were grown upon a peat meadow — the soil
seeming to be particularly adapted to that crop.

Mr. George evidently believes in producing the largest
possible crop, on a given area. The rows were a little
less than twelve inches apart, and the onions were grown
so closely together, that they were literally piled one
above another. We noticed several places where from
thirteen to sixteen onions of marketable size, were pro-
duced upon one foot of the row. The onions when
pulled, are not allowed to remain in the field, exposed to

82

the sun, but are packed in crates or boxes, and placed at
once in the storehouse, ready for marketing, thus saving
time and labor in handling.

So far as your Committee can judge, Mr. George
seemed to have reduced the culture of onions almost to an
art.

The same da}^ we visited the fields of potatoes and cab-
bage entered by Mr. Walter Smith, JMethuen. About one-
half of the piece of potatoes was grown on peat meadow,
and the appearance was rather above the average, for the
season. The remainder of the piece was on upland,
which was quite rocky, and was hardly an average crop.

Owing to the incompleteness of Mr. Smith's statement,
no mention being made of cost of manure, nor to value
of crop, your committee do not feel justified in recom-
mending an award.

The field of cabbage entered by Mr. Smith, we did not
consider eligible for a premium, as at the time of our visit
some of them were headed, large enough for market,
while others were but fair sized plants — causing the field
to present a very uneven appearance.

Sept. 16, we went to Haverhill, where we were met by
Mr. E. C. Little, who conveyed us to Crystal Lake Farm,
of which he is superintendent. We spent some time in
looking over the farm, which showed evidence of thrift
and good management. The piece of mangolds entered
for premium looked ver}^ finely.

As Mr. Little cultivates comparatively large fields, he
finds it better to have the rows sufficiently wide apart to
admit of the use of the horse hoe and cultivator in caring
for his crops, thus saving much hand work.

On another part of the farm, Mr. Little showed us the
piece of onions which had been entered for premium.
Here, as in the field of mangolds, Mr. Little beheves in
having plenty of room to work, the rows being fifteen or
sixteen inches apart. At the time of our visit, the onions

had not been pulled, but were generally well ripened, and
nearly all were of marketable size. One unusual feature in
regard to this crop was, that although a part of the field
was in grass in 1892, and was plowed and manured in
August of that year, there was no perceptible difference
between the yield upon that part of the field, and the por-
tion which had previously produced root crops.

On the afternoon of the same day we went to New-
buryport. Here we were met by Mr. Kent, who took us
to view the field of onions, entered by Messrs. Kent and
Marsh. Here we found that the onions had been pulled
but not gathered. Mr. Marsh informed us that in this
field the rows were about fourteen inches apart, and
judging from the way that the onions covered the ground,
they must have grown very thickly. The field was situ-
ated on quite an elevation, and the soil appeared to be
well adapted to the production of root crops generall}'.
Here, as in all the other fields shown us by Messrs. Kent
and ]Marsh, there was ample proof that the managers un-
derstood their business.

Our next visit was made at the farm of Dr. J. G. Mc-
Allister, Methuen. Here we found a field of very nice
cabbage, all ready for market. Variety, Henderson's Suc-
cession. The heads were remarkably uniform in size, and
presented a fine appearance. The field gave evidence of
having been carefully cultivated, and well cared for.

The last visit of the season was made at the farm of
Mr. Maurice H. Conner, West Newbury. Here we found
an excellent crop of cabbage, variety. Stone Mason. One
point in which we were specially interested, is that Mr.
C'Onner has for several years used seed raised by himself.
By careful selection and cultivation he has succeeded in
greatly improving the original strain, and producing very
deep and solid heads of cabbage.

A comparison of the statements concerning the various
crops of onions, will be interesting in showing that under

84

favorable conditions, onions be planted closer, and better
results obtained.

The Committee have inspected all the crops that were
entered and after examining the statement of each crop,
recommend the following awards :

I|10. First premium to John H. George, Methuen, for
crop of onions.
'^5. Second premium to Kent & Marsh, Newburyport,

for crop of onions.
••^S. Second premium to Crystal Lake Farm, Haverhill,
J. J. Marsh, Proprietor, E. C. Little, Superin-
tendent, for crop of mangolds,
•f 10. First premium to Maurice H. Connor, West New-
bury, for crop of cabbage.
f5. Second premium to Dr. J. G. McAllister, Methuen,
for crop of cabbage.
Frederick A. Russell, William S. Phillips, Jr., Albert
Emerson — Committee.

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF ONIONS RAISED BY JOHN H.
GEORGE, OF METHUEN, ESSEX CO., MASS.

The land on which the crop was raised was Peat Mead-
ow. The land in 1891 was in grass, in 1892 there was a
crop of potatoes raised on it, manured with chemical ma-
nure one ton per acre. In the fall, after the potatoes were
dug, there was applied about eight cords per acre of gravel
into which had been run ten one horse loads of night-soil.
Tt laid on top of the ground all winter. In the spring it
was ploughed in, the ground was harrowed, brushed and
sowed with 3i pounds of Yellow Globe Danvers onion
seed. The rows were a scant foot apart, they were hoed
five times, weeded thoroughly three times. They were
liarvested and put into the onion house in ten hours by
one man and four boys. The crop was five hundred and

85

seventeen bushels to the half acre of medium sized onions,
very few small ones and none overgrown, no scullions.
The manure cost me less than nothing on the ground but
for a fair statement 1 shall call it the price of ordinary ma-
nure on the ground. The onions are all sold at an aver-
age of 90 cts. per bushel but are not all delivered. They
were measured in crates which your committee saw. Ont;
hundred bushels topped and the shrinkage reckoned on
that basis. The statement is as follows :

To four cords manure on land,
'■* ploughing one half acre,
'■' harrowing and brushing,
" sowing,

" Si lbs. seed at -13.00,
" hoeing five times,

" weeding three times, 12 days boy work,
*' harvesting,

"■ topping and marketing at 3 cts. per bush.,
" interest and taxes.

By 517 bushels onions at 90 cts.

Less

Profit per ^ acre.
Profit per acre.

Respectfully submitted,

John H. George.

This may certify that I have measured the piece of land
on which grew the onions which John H. George entered
with the Essex Agricultural Society for premium and it
contains one half acre.

Walter Smith.

B

•r.

$24 00

2

00

75

75

10

50

' 7

50

9

00

5

00

, 15

51

3

00

$78

01

Ci

$465 30

78

01

$387

29

$774

58

86

STATEMENT CONCERNING A CIlOP OF CABBAGES RAISED-
BY J. G. MCALLISTER IN THE TOWN OF
METHUEN, IN 1893.

Hay crop in 1891, no manure; hay crop in 1892, no
manure: medium heavy, dry soil; plowed once in 1893^
from six to eight inches deep.

Dr.
Plowing, $2 00

Harrowing, 2 00

5 cords manure at <f5.00, 25 00

Seed " Henderson's Succession," 2 00

Planting, 2 00

Phosphate, 500 pounds, 7 00

Cultivating, 2 00

Hoeing and thinning, 5 00

Harvesting and marketing, 10 00

Interest on land and taxes, 6 00

By 232 bbls. cabbages at 50c.,
" plants sold,
" 10 loads leaves sold at 50c.,

Expenses,

Profit per half acre, $63 00

Profit per acre, $426 00

Respectfully submitted,

J. G. McAllister.

I hereby certify that I measured the land on which was
grown the half acre of cabbages entered for premium by
J. G. McAllister in the town of Methueu in 1893.

Abram Stave.

$63 00

Cr.

$116

00

5

00

5

00

$126

00

63

00

87

STATEMENT OF MAURICE H. CONNOR, CABBAGE CROP.

The half acre of cabbages entered by me were raised on
land that has been in grass for the last five years, the crop
last year being about one ton to the acre. The soil is a
gravelly loam, the manure was ploughed under in May
about six inches deep 25 loads per acre and 400 pounds of
phosphate in the hill ; the seed was dropped about the
10th of June and cultivated and hoed three times. There
were 2925 heads on the half acre and we find by weighing
the product of two rods they will average eight pounds
each, which would give 46,-^00 lbs. or 464 bbls. per acre
allowing 100 pounds to the barrel.

COST PER ACRE.

Ploughing and preparing land, -110 00

Seed and sowing, 4 00

Cultivating and hoeing, 16 00

40 lbs. of Bradley's phosphate, 6 50

25 loads of manure, 50 00

Cost per acre before harvesting, 186 50

VALUE OF CROP IN THE FIELD.

5850 cabbages at 4c. each, 234 00

Profit per acre, $147 50

I hereby certify that I have measured a field of cab-
bages entered for premium by Maurice H. Connor and find
it contains one-half acre.

Moses Smith.

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF ONIONS RAISED BY E. C.
LITTLE, SUPT. CRYSTAL LAKE FARM.
To the Committee on Root Crops:

The crop last was beets, carrots and cabbages. The
land is a sandy loam ; ploughed the manure in last fall at
the rate of ten cords per acre, harrowed this spring and
sowed the seed the 25th of April. The seed came up
well but one side was washed out badly by rain.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

Br.

To ploughing one-half acre of land, $2 00

" harrowing, 1 00

" raking and picking stones, 2 60

" sowing seed, .75
" 3 lbs. of seed, Yellow Globe, raised bj

Chas. A. Lunt, Newbury, 9 00

" weeding four times, 12 00

" hoeing, 3 00

" harvesting, 25 00

" use of land, 6 00

" manure, 30 00

" topping, 10 00

By 345 bush, onions at 75cts. per bush.,
" 6 bush, small ones at 50 cts.,

Net profit, $160 60

Respectfully submitted,

E. C. Little.

This to certify that I measured a piece of land for E.
C. Little and it contained one-half an acre.

Henry W. Lang.

$101

25

Cr.

$258

75

3

00

$261

75

101

25

statement of e. c. little, supt. crystal lake

FARM.

To the Committee on Root Crops :

The crop of mangels which I enter for premium were
raised on yellow loam land, quite rocky. The crop of

89

1892 was onions ; in the fall I spread on about six cords
of stable manure and ploughed it in ; in the spring of

1893 J gave the land a good harrowing and picked oif the
rocks. I used Stockbridge root manure, put on with corn
planter, four hundred pounds to the acre, the rows being
three feet apart. I then sowed the seed with Sargent's
onion machine, running in the drills I had previously
made with the corn planter. 1 weeded and thinned them
out twice and cultivated them eight times.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Dr.
To plowing I acre and 5 rods of land,
" harrowing,

" marking and putting on fertilizer,
" 300 lbs. fertilizer,
" 2 lbs. seed,

•' weeding and thinning out twice,
" cultivating,
" use of land,
" 6 cords manure,
" pulling and storing,

By 700 bush, of mangles,
" 18 loads of tops.

Or.

13

00

2

00

1

50

6

00

1

60

12

00

5

00

6

00

30

00

16

00

183 00

$225 00
18 00

$243 00
83 00

Profit, 1160 00

Respectfully submitted,

E. C. Little.

This is to certify that I measured a piece of land for
E. C. Little on which was raised a crop of mangels which
measured | of an acre and 5 rods.

Henky W. Lang.

90

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF ONIONS RAISED BY
KENT & MAESH.

The half acre of onions we enter for premium is on the
same piece of land that we entered last year, the treat-
ment being different. We spread 4i cords of stable ma-
nure last fall and let it lay until the spring. It was
ploughed April 18th and sown April 24th with 2 lbs. Dan-
vers Yellow Globe and i lb. Cracker Onion seed. The seed
came up splendid but the maggots thinned them some-
what. Had we sown all Danvers Globe seed the result
would have been larger, as we found the Cracker onion
not near the cropper as the Danvers. We have had three
good crops from the same piece and shall sow it again
with onion next season.

CROP.

Ploughing and preparing,

42 cords manure at $5.00,

2i lbs. seed at 13.00,

Sowing,

Hoeing and weeding,

Harvesting,

175 00

Or.

By 404 bush, onions at 60 cts., $242 40

Profit, $168 40

Respectfully submitted,

Kent & Marsh.

This is to certify that I have measured the onion land
for Kent& Marsh and find it to contain eighty rods.

Chas. W. Nelson.

Br.

4

00

22

50

7

50

1

00

25

00

15

00

91

ilEPORT OF COMMITTEE ON STRAWBERRIES
AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

The Committee on Strawberries and other small fruits
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
Secretary that they have made the following awards :

The first visit was made to the crop of B. W. Farnum,
of No. Andover, which gave evidence of good manage-
ment. The crop was large and the vines were in a very
healthy condition. The varieties were Charles Downing
and Crescent.

The next visit was made to the farm of J. W. Barton, of
Danvers, near Hospital. This crop was not so large in
proportion to the land cultivated, as that of Mr. Farnum,
but the berries were very fine in appearance and excellent
in quality. Here we saw for the first time the Beverly in
full bearing, a new variety of great promise, of fine form, of
large size, good flavor and eminently worthy of cultivation.

The crop of Strawberries on the farm of Fred Stultz, of
West Newbury was very good for the season and much
skill was manifested, not only in the cultivation and ar-
rangement of the rows, but good judgment also in the se-
lection of the varieties.

The Committee after discussing all the points in rela-
tion to the crops visited, agree that the berries of Mr.
Barton were larger and finer than any which we saw and
his vines were healthy. While duty compels us to award
the premium of Ten Dollars to Mr. Barton, still as there
is no second premium offered for Strawberries, the Com-
mittee recommend that a gratuity of Five Dollars be
awarded to Mr. Farnum.

The crop of blackberries entered for premium by Mr.
Stultz of West Newbury were very fine and considering
the age of the plants, the, crop was a very good one.

As there was no competition, the Committee awarded
the premium of Ten Dollars to Mr. Stultz.

Chas. B. Emerson, Andrew Lackey, William Hilton —
Committee.

92

STATEMENT OF STRAWBERRY CROP, J. WEBB BARTON,.
DANVERS, MASS.

The piece of- land which I enter, bore a good crop of
strawberries in 1890 and again in 1891, and after picking,
was phmted to cucumbers for pickling. The next spring
(1892) the plants bearing the present crop were set out.
The land is moist, somewhat heav}^ but free from stand-
ing water.

The stable manure, bone and potash, were harrowed in
just before setting the plants. The rows were four feet
distant from each other and the plants two feet more or
less, in the row. For the most part runners were allowed
to grow freely. A few rows were set out in August and
kept in ''hills" and these were very satisfactory — yet to
be successful in getting a good crop of fruit the next year
from plants set so late, all things must be favorable for a
good growth, and above all, good plants to start with.

A covering of meadow hay was put on in December,
removed the middle of April and immediately 437 lbs. of
home-made fertilizer applied directly upon the vines.

The first picking was June 19th and the last for market,
July 15th. Upon land similar to this many varieties will
blight or rust badly. An experiment in spraying with
Bordeaux Mixture to prevent this rust did not prove suc-
cessful. I made two applications with a Knapsack ma-
chine and I regret to say I could see no difference between
sprayed and unsprayed vines, yet there may have been
some good reason for this, and I hope others may not be
discouraged from similar experiments.

The varieties were Belmont, Beverly, Haverland, Cres-
cent, Downing, Babach No. 5, Beder Wood and Warfield
No. 2. Of these Beverly in " hills '' and Haverland in
matted rows were very satisfactory. There were also a
few plants of perhaps ten other varieties for testing.

93

Cr.
By 3388 boxes sold $431 73

Dr.
Ploughing, $2 25

3 cords manure, 15 00

400 lbs. Bone and 100 lbs. Mur. Potash, 8 00

Labor preparing land and putting on manure, 10 52
2500 plants and setting same, 16 50

Cultivating and weeding in 1892, 37 79

Hen manure, 2 00

Hay for covering and labor, 10 00

Weeding, etc., in 1893, 27 95

Chemicals in spraying, 33

437 lbs. fertilizer in 1893, 7 35

Picking crop, 71 00

Marketing, 50 82

1257 51

Profit on crop 22,295 sq. ft..

$174 22

RATE PER ACRE.

6537 boxes.

$832 81

Cost of production and marketing.

500 94

Net Profit, $331 87

Respectfully submitted,

J. Webb Barton.
I hereby certify that the strawberry bed entered by J.
■Webb Barton contains 22,295 sq. ft.

Joshua W. Nichols.

statement of benjamin w. farnum, north ando-
ver, on strawberry crop, 1893.
The piece of land which I enter for premium on straw-
berry crop, contains 20 rods. The soil is a gravelly loam,
rocky sub soil, sloping to the south.

94

In 1891 I raised a crop of peas and a crop of barley^
putting on plenty of barn manure each time. In May,.
1892, set out strawberry plants, Crescent and Downing,
the rows being 3^ feet apart, and plants one foot apart in
the rows. I kept the weeds out clean, and allowed run-
ners to cover the ground. June 19, 1893, commenced
picking the berries, and finished July 12.

Or.

956 boxes of berries, at 12

7-10 cts.

$121 64

Dr.

Ploughing ground

50

Setting plants

1 50

Manure

3 00

Cultivating and weeding

4 00

Covering with pine needles

1 00

Uncovering in spring

50

Picking 956 boxes at 2 cts.

19 12

Marketing" " " " "

19 12

48 74

Net profit on crop

72 90

Rate per

acre:

7648 boxes

973 12

Cost

389 92

Net profit, 583 20

Respectfully submitted,

Benjamin W. Farnum.

I hereby certify that I measured the land on which
grew the crop of strawberries entered by Benj. W. Far-
num, for premium, and find it contains one eighth of an acre.

Amos D. Caelton.

STATEMENT OF FRED STULTZ, WEST NEWBURY, OF BLACK-
BERRY CROP.

The i acre of land on which I raised the blackberries
•which I enter for premium, was wet land, badly run out.

95

T ploughed it two years before I set the vines and raised
the first year a crop of field corn, and the second fodder
corn. Let me say, just here, that I selected this particu-
lar piece of land, as to location, as carefully as though I
intended sowing it to Canada Thistles, for the spreading
of blackberry vines into one's field land is a joke not apt
to be appreciated.

In the spring of 1892 I ploughed without putting on
any manure, and harrowed with a spring tooth harrow.
With the plough I drew furrows 6^ ft. apart. I had a com-
post made of sods taken from the roadside, and I put one
shovelful under each plant. Set plants, or vines 8^ feet
apart in the row. The variety was Agawam and 1 plant-
ed about 600 vines. I run the cultivator through them
several times and hoed at odd times. Blackberries are a
thing you can work at all the time or let alone, because the
young ones come up so fast, but I tried to keep the weeds
out, and young shoots back. In the spring of 1893 I cut
them back and set stakes down each row about five rods
apart, and nailed around fencing wire onto the stakes
down one side of each row and back the other, and trained
the vines between these wires. I made a mistake in not
cutting the vines back in the fall of '92, the first year they
were set. In the spring of 1893 they had grown and tan-
gled so badly that in order to train between the wires I
had to cut the vines severely, thereby somewhat injuring
my fruit crop for this year, '93. I had to cut off long run-
ners in full blossom. It is a mistake I shall try not to make
again. I have them now as your Committee saw, so that
I can cultivate easily between the rows. I left about two
vines in a place for next year and a few more to sell to
cover the first cost of the vines. I should have stated
that the first year they were set I raised small crops be-
tween the rows, mostly beans, so the loss of land is noth-
ing. It must be borne in mind that a crop like this is
different from a strawberry crop, as after being once

96

started it goes on indefinitely, so that the net profit on
first year can hardly be estimated.

Cr.

400 boxes blackberries

$48 00
Br.

Wire

16 00

Stakes and work

10 00

Picking

8 00

^24 00

Net profit,

$24 00

Respectfully

subi

nitted.

Feed S

TULTZ.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON GRAIN CROPS.

The Committee on Grain Crops respectfuU}^ report that
there were six entries, and we recommend the following
premiums:

$10. First premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West New-
bury, for crop of corn.
$5. Second premium, to Newton Jaquith, Jr., Andover,
for crop of corn.
$10. First premium, to J. J. H. Gregory, Middletou, for

crop of rye.
$10. First premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West New-
bury, for crop of English hay.
A crop of Rye was also entered for premium by Hart-
well B. Abbott of Andover, but owing to illness at the
time of harvesting Mr. Abbott failed to make a statement,
his crop although perhaps not equal to the unusual crop
of Mr. Gregory's, was a good one, and would have been
worthy of a premium.

Daniel A. Carltoo, John Barker, Peter D. Smith, C. C.
Blunt — Commillee.

97

STATEMENT OF C. K. ORDWAY & SON, CORN CROP.

This corn was raised on land that has been in grass for
14 years and received no manure, or fertilizer during that
time. Plowed the first week in May ten inches deep, and
applied six cords of barn-yard manure spread broadcast,
and harrowed with Randall Harrow, smoothed with a
grain drag, marked three and one half feet each way,
planted with a hand planter, May 22, with eight quarts
of corn, of my own raising.

There was no fertilizer used on the corn.

The corn looked very well when the committee saw it.
Later the high wind and storm broke it down, and dam-
aged the crop very much.

The pleasant fall weather has ripened the corn well.

The corn was harvested Oct. 21 and 25.

COST OF CROP PER ACRE.

Br.

Ploughing and harrowing,

■16 00

Six cords of manure,

30 00

Spreading and harrowing,

3 00

Seed and planting,

1 00

Hoeing and cultivating,

5 00

Topping corn.

2 00

Harvesting,

6 00

Harvesting Stover,

2 00

•f-55 00

Gr.

Top Stalks, 115 00

(Corn weighed 5,670 lbs.)

Bushels of shelled corn to acre, 81 60 75

Stover, 12 00

Two thirds manure in land, 20 00

Value of crop, $175 00

Profit, $52 75

Respectfully submitted.

C. K. Ordway

&SON.

98

West Newbury, Oct. 23, 1893.
This is to certify that I have measured the land belong-
ing to C. K. Ordway & Son on which the corn grew, that
they entered for premium. It contains one acre.

Wm. E. Ambrose.

STATEMENT OF NEWTON JAQUITH, JR., CORN CROP.

The piece of corn entered by me for premium wa&
raised on ground that in 1891 was in grass and received
no manure that year. In 1892 the crop was corn, well
manured with barn manure. The present year no manure
was used except a small amount of fertilizer in the drill.
On the acre 132 baskets or 66 bushels of shelled corn
were raised.

The cost of the crop was as follows, viz.

Ploughing,

Harrowing, '

Planting,

Fertilizer,

Hoeing twice,

Cutting,

Husking,

Carting to Barn,

136 80
Respectfully submitted,

Newton Jaqutth, Jr.

13 00

1

50

6

50

4

50

4

50

5

80

6

50

4

50

statement of C. K. ordway & SON, HAY CROP.

This piece of land has been in grass four years. It is
intervale land on the bank of the river.
It contains two and one half acres, (2^).

99

The weight of the hay 11,400 lbs. or 5 tons, 1400 lbs.,
making 2 tons, 660 lbs. to the acre, at 120 per ton.

1114 00
Cutting and storing, 12 50

il02 50
Respectfully submitted,

C. K. Oedway & Son.
West Newbury, Oct. 23, 1893.
This is to certify that I have measured the land belong-
ing to C. K. Ordway & Son, on which the hay grew that
they entered for premium. It contains 2 1-2 acres.

Wm. E. Ambrose.

STATEMENT CONCERNING A CROP OF RYE RAISED BY
J. J. H. GREGORY. IN THE TOWN OF MIDDLETON, 1893.

Crop of 1891 was sweet corn for seed, manured with
stable manure, about 4 cords harrowed in and 500 lbs. of
corn fertilizer used in the drill. Crop of IS92 was peas,
raised for seed and hence ripened. About 6 cords of
manure harrowed in, and 500 lbs. of dissolved bone black
used in the drill. Soil, a good loam, somewhat stony, of
the drift formation. It was ploughed once for the peas
about 7 inches deep, and after peas were removed the same
depth for the rye. No manure or commercial fertilizer
was used on the rye ; it fed on what was left over from
that applied to the pea crop. One bushel of seed was
broadcasted by hand and harrowed in.

COST OF CROP.

Seed and sowing, %1 00

Ploughing and harrowing, 4 00

Mowing and binding, 4 50

Carting to seed house, 2 5

Threshing, 10 00

$2-2 25

100

VALUE OF CROP PER ACRE.

42 1-7 bushels,
4785 lbs. of straw,

$42

14

35

78

177

92

22

25

$55 67
Respectfully submitted,

J. J. H. Gregory.
I hereby certify that I measured the land and noted the
weight of the crop of rye that was raised in Middleton,
Mass., this year, 1893, on the farm of J. J. H. Gregory,
and that the land measured 50,625 square feet, and the
rye grain that grew thereon weighed 2,780 lbs. and the
straw 5,565 lbs.

C. A. Hill.

REPORT OF DELEGATE FROM STATE BOARD
OF AGRICULTURE.

Your delegate attended the fair of the Essex Agricul-
tural Society held at Lawrence, Sept. 27th and 28th. The
weather was favorable to success ; the pi'ogramme was
carried out in a commendable manner. The exhibition of
horticulture, domestic manufactures and works of art,
was held in the City Hall, a place easy of access, and well
adapted for the classification and arrangement of the va-
rious exhibits. Here the exhibitors must have felt that
their various offerings were shown to advantage ; while
the visitor gained instruction and pleasure from the merit
and variety of articles shown. The Grange exhibition
was in an adjoining hall ; the variety and completeness of
these exhibits excited universal commendation. Your del-
egate questions however the wisdom of making the

101

Grange exhibitions a separate and distinct department.
The show of Farm Stock, Poidtry, &c., was held in a
vacant lot on the bank of the Merrimac river. Here also
was the creditable display of agricultural tools, a depart-
ment worthy of generous recognition in all of our fairs.
The Ayrshire herd of Mr. J. D. W. French, of Andover,
deserves especial mention, among the numerous entries of
dairy stock. The show of horses was inferior in quality.
The lack of comfortable stalls, with the absence of a suit-
able place for showing horses, either to halter or in harness^
doubtless dampens the enthusiasm of horse owners to com-
pete at this fair. Your delegate found some of the horses
on exhibition confined in their stalls by boards nailed in
front. It was easy to see how the animal was put in, but
how could he be gotten out ? As the classes were called-,
this difficulty was solved by the use of an axe. If our
fairs are designed as object lessons in the best agricul-
tural methods, surely methods so primitive and wasteful
should be avoided. The poultry exhibit was large, and
many fine specimens were shown ; an entire lack of class-
ification and arrangement detracted much from its pur-
pose of giving either instruction or pleasure. The draw-
ing contests were shown on one of the rising streets of the
city. Certainly the most sensitive could have found
nothing here to offend. There was neither the harsh
word, nor more cruel whip. Not the extreme limit of
strength was called for, but the ability to move heavy
loads with firmness and ease. The plowing match, though
a mile distant, was a splendid object lesson in this impor-
tant branch of successful tillage. The Essex Society em
phasizes by its generous premiums, its belief that good
ploughing is an important step in good farming. I close
this hasty report, assured that the Old Essex Society, with
its accumulation of wisdom, gained from the Fathers that
sleep, and from her sons still loyal and true, needs not
the advice of the stranger within her gates. Many of

102

these sons are asking whether the years of wandering,
should not now give place to the permanent home? Does
not a wise answer demand a recognition of facts as they
exist today^ not as they may have been fifty years ago ?
The above is respectfully submitted by

Chas. a. Mills.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

The Society held six Institutes and one field meeting
during the season of 1892-3, on as many different days
forenoon and afternoon, at which the following subjects
were opened by carefully prepared essays, and freely dis-
cussed by any and all persons present who cared to dis-
cuss them, viz:

1. "How to make Poultry keeping profitable.''

2. '■• Cooking."

3. " The advantages of Special and General Farming."

4. " A Brief History of Agricultural work in the
United States."

5. " Highways and Road Building."

6. " Fruit in general, and Pears in particular."

7. '' Underdraining."

8. '^Cranberry Culture."

9. " Poultry."

10. " Milch Cows." ■

11. " How to make small farms pay."

12. " Experience among Farmers of California."

The first Institute of the season, and 88th of the series,
■was held at the Town Hall, West Newbury, in connection
with the State Board of Agriculture, Friday, Jan. 18, 1898.
The subject in the forenoon being " How to make Poul-
try-keeping Profitable," by Dr. George M. Twitchell, of
Augusta, Maine, who was introduced b}^ President Ap-
pleton. The speaker prefaced his remarks by saying that
as he was a professional man he did not wish his hearers

103

to get (lie impiession that he was not afarmei'. for he was ;
he had been in piactice professionally, but owing to fail-
ins^ health had returned to his first love — the farm. He
said he wanted to speak to the every da}^ farmer who
made his living from his farm, and not to the iancy farm-
er, oi' breeder. We are to talk about an industry that
seems small, but yet is one of our leading and most profit-
able ones. What is necessary for success? In the first
place if you want to produce an egg, you must find out
the cost of production, and for this one must have a
knowledge of the business. There must be an enthusi-
asm in the work. A man who is a farmer simply because
he must be, will not succeed. If you desire eggs you
must cultivate your hen accordingly, and a long narrow
bird is the desired one. If you want meat then she must
be short and blocky. Theie must be a distinct separation
of the two classes, you cannot combine them. I do not
think a man as a farmer can breed pure stock at a piofit.
By the use of grade hens you avail yourselves of the labors
of the specialist, without the trouble of attaining that end;
In mapping out the business for a year, first have an inex-
pensive building, say 12x20 costing from $25 to $35,
this is room enough for 40 or 50 hens. The rations
should be balanced to the needs of the creature. Two
things are essential, (juantity and quality. It must be
easily digested and not too rich in food elements ; 40 parts
of oats, 40 of shorts, 10 of corn, 5 of scraps, 5 of linseed is
a good mixture, which should be steamed over night. If
you want to get good results get up and feed them as
soon as they come from the roost, feed a little at a time,
and regulate it according to the size of your flock. If
they are given a large amount, the hens will eat ravenous-
ly, gorging themselves with too much food, and you want
to regulate this so they will leave nothing, and still have
food enough. At noon give them vegetables and at 3 or 4
o'clock a quart of grain to twenty hens will be found suffi-

104

cient, the question is not how much they will eat, but how
much they need. Farmers are really most wasteful be-
cause as a rule they feed too liberally, the speaker then
described the component parts and elements of an egg,
and demonstrated that the hen will perform her duty in
such structure if you but give her the proper food to sup-
ply them. If you want good eggs you must give healthy
food ; stimulating foods, such as some of the advertised
ones, are bad and produce unnatural eggs, and in the end
defeat the object sought. Very cold nights it is bad to
give an extra supply of corn as it is slower to digest, and
in this connection do not let your hens out in the winter,
except an hour in the middle of a pleasant da}^ as the
chill seriously affects their laying ; pure air, pure water,
and pure ventilation, with cleanliness, is most essential
for profit. It followed on these lines, a profit of -$2 can be
realized on a flock of 25 to 50, $i.50 on flocks from 100
to 500, and $1 apiece for over that. This has been
proved by repeated experiments. The best food for
chickens is 30 parts corn, 30 of bran, 5 of ground oats, 5
of meat scraps, 5 of linseed mixed with skim milk, and
bake hard, pound up and feed in small quantities eight
times a day. It has been proved that incubators are not
profitable unless you are going to raise from 300 to 1,000
chickens. The speaker then said it was no place for hens
on your front door steps, but they want a good run where
they can have plenty of work to do, they want to work to
thrive, and they want plenty of shade, do not expose them
to the broiling sun. A fat hen or a poro one cannot lay
well, but a good healthy hen will lay. Just as soon as you
can detect the sex of your chickens, separate them, and
give the pullets the widest range, and feed the cockerels
for the market.

The speaker was interrupted with questions all through
his remarks and answered them fully and satisfactorily.

10.")

The afteinoon meeting was called to order at half past
one, when the President introduced Miss Anna Barrows, of
Boston, who gave a verj^ interesting and instructive talk
on cooking. Miss Barrows perfaced her remarks by ex-
I)laining that in one afternoon a person cannot get any-
thing more than a birds-eye of cookery, but she would
illustrate" as far as time would permit. AV'liat she pro-
posed to do was to take up the articles of food needed
daily and show how to make them more attractive. At
first she considered Macaroni with Tomato, fully ex-
plaining the composition of Macaroni and dwelling on its
nutritious nature ; as it is very starchy it should be put in-
to boiling water at once, boiling twenty minutes, after
which drain it and put cold water over it, then heat and,
strain your tomato. We realize the system of bettei-
arrangement of our work and for this reason we have
applied our cooking school to our school system, where the
boys and girls alike are doing most excellent work. In
beginning work one should measure out everything before
mixing, and in greasing a pan it is a good idea to dust a
little flour over it to prevent sticking. All ordinary
things like sugar, flour, etc., are measured by the rounded
spoonful, and all strong things by the even spoonful.
Sifted flour, salt and baking powder are called prepared
flour and can be purchased at stores as such. It is well
to mix quite a quantity at a time and have it on hand.
It is important to measure everything you use in cooking
notwithstanding old housekeepers have learned to meas-
ure with their eye.

A thin mixture is called a batter, a stiff one dough, and
there is a great difference in flour, for bread and pastr3%
which should be borne in mind. The cooking school is
trying to teach judgment, care and forethought. It is.
only possible to get pupils started in the right direction,
not to make trained cooks. She then went on to the fin-
ishing of an apple pudding which she had previously be-

106

gun, and said that in summer it might be used with ber-
ries in the same way. In regard to the baking she dwelt
At length on the condition of the oven. If it be too hot,
a thick crust forms on the dough before it rises; if it be
too cold, little bubbles form and the dough falls flat.
There are as many different kinds of sauces as there are
c.ike, but they can all be reduced to a simple formula.
The plan of work is exactly the same, having the simple
foundation it can be treated with an endless variation.
The kitchen utensils are improving constantly and grow-
ing cheaper in price.

The majority of our homes are painfully lacking in good
"Utensils, and if every home had moi-e it would be surpris-
ing to see how much labor might be saved.

In referring to canned goods she said the}' were all
right if used at once upon opening, but on no account
should they be allowed to stand in the can exposed to the
air.

At this point she urged the use of oil stoves in summer
for cooking and heating purposes. By judicious manage-
ment one can arrange to cook an entire dinner on one of
t!ie single oil stoves. She here gave the formula for the
s uice to go with the macaroni which she had previously
cooked, and also several other receipts so that a person
could use up all the odds and ends to make them palata-
ble. In conclusion she gave some most useful and prac-
tical hints on bread making, and answered many questions
that were asked.

The 89th Institute and second of the season was held
at Rockport, Jan. 27, President Appleton presiding, who,
after making some introductory remarks introduced Rev.
O. S. Butler of Georgetown, who spoke on the "advan-
tages of Special and General Farming."

Mr. Butler said it was a great pleasure to meet the
farmers of Essex County and especially so when he saw

107

so many of the older farmers present. He would speak
on the general principles and then on the detail work.
We first want to know what is meant by general and
special farming. And he would endeavor to clearly de-
fine the two. The general farm is what is represented
by the typical New England farm of fifty years ago,
when the farmer raised very nearly everything he used,
sold but little of his produce and exchanged or bartered
for desired articles and bought scarcely anything. They
had their barns full of hay and stock and everything need-
ful was at hand. No one special crop was raised to re-
plenish the farm or increase the income, but a general
production.

Now special farming implies that you devote your-
self to one or two special crops, by which you receive your
income and to which you devote all your energies. It
does not imply that you cannot raise other things for
home use. The general farm offers the attraction- of a
happy home for yourself and children, but the special one
is the farm to make money. The man of today to make
money must keep step to the music of the nineteenth cen-
tury, and your profession is as much a one as theology or
law. A few years ago our county was dotted over with
little shoe shops where a good boot or shoe was made; to-
day this business is all done in large factories, and one
man does one part and one another ; and it is so in most
all branches of business, a specialist performs a certain
portion of the work; today you can build a house much
cheaper than formerly, owing to the specialist and ma-
chinery to complete the different parts, and wages are
very much higher. It is so in farming, a specialist in
farming can raise more in his line per acre at less cost
and more remunerative prices than formerly. Today a
man raises one kind of crop and buys the rest as it is
more profitable, such as hay, grain and so forth ; also the
stock farm is equally divided in its limitations, in that

108

• they make money by using their capital and labor in:
special lines. He dwelt at length on the usefulness of
the Amherst experimental station and the benefit derived
from sending soils to be analyzed to find out what they
are deficient in, so as to properly enrich them. The ad-
vantages to young farmers of this line of work are these,
— a better selection of soil and a choice of proper imple-
ments suited to the crop on this selected soil. If you
are going into farming choose one line and make every-
thing bend to it, and you will be sure to succeed.

Mr. Gregory was then called upon and referred very
pleasantly to Mr. Butlei's address, and said that of all
places in the United States suited for special farming Es-
sex County was the best, on account of its closely settled
area, its facility for transporting perishable goods, and the
demand of the larger cities. He went quite extensively
into the various branches of market gardening, and the
excellent opportunities his own town of Marblehead
offered for certain lines of this very subject.

Mr. Ware was next called upon and took exceptions to
following too closely the lines of the specialist. The
specialist business may be over done, and if your eggs are
all in one basket, where are you ; his advice was to be
careful and cautious and not to narrow down too much.

At the afternoon meeting the President called upon
Vice President Jas. J. H. Gregory to preside, as he. Presi-
dent Appleton was to read an essay, giving "A Brief His-
tory of Agricultural Work in the United States.

Organized agriculture in this countrj'' dates from the
year 1785, when the Philadelphia Agricultural Society
and the South Carolina Society were formed. In regard
to the latter, nothing definite is given in any readily ac-
cessible record, and it appears to have been short lived.
The Philadelphia Society had a prosperous and useful ex-
istence, having George Washington for an honorary mem-
ber, he receiving his election July 4th, 1785. In 17',>1 an

109

agricultural society was established in New York, and in
1792, the Massachusetts Society was formed under a char-
ter granted by the General Court. Numerous other so-
cieties were formed in the years immediately following
in the various states. The British Board of Agriculture
was chartered in 1793, and soon afterward its president.
Sir John Sinclair, in a correspondence with General
Washington, suggested that it would be a worthy undei-
taking on the part of our national government to promote
in an official way the interests of agriculture here.
Washington replied approvingly, qualifying his remarks
'by reference to the circumstances of the new country.
This letter was indeed prophetic, for it was not until 1837
that anything in the way of official oversight or recog-
nition of agriculture was done under the national govern-
ment; and even then the initial act was not that of
the government, but of one of its zealous officials whose
routine of duty pertained to other matters. Washington
reverted to the subject in his final address to both houses
of Congress, on Dec. 7, 1796.

The Department of Agriculture has now reached a de-
velopment that calls for an annual expenditure of nearly
three millions of dollars and the employment of several
thousand officials of various grades ; and beside exerting
its influence through its publications, distributions of
plants and seeds, it finds a field of activit}^ in what are
called "■ experiment stations " in every state and territory
in the union. As already intimated its origin is due to
the action of Henry L. Ellsworth, the first Commissioner
of Patents, who, in his first official report, submitted Jan-
uary 1, 1838, referred to it and in such a manner as to be
quite outside of his official purview. The Commissioner's
suggestion was not seconded by Congress at once, but on
January 21, 1839, the chairman of the Congressional Com-
mittee addressed a letter to the Commissioner relative to
the distribution of seeds and plants. As an outcome of

110

this and subsequent corresp iidence he collected, as far as
j)ossible, agricultural statistics from different sections of
the country, and presented the same to Congress in his
annual report. In consequence of this, Congress on
March 3, 1839, approved an act appropriating f 1000 for
agricultural statistics and other agricultural purposes.
This department continued as a sub-department of the
Patent Office until 1862, when it was organized as the
Department of Agriculture. This frugal appropriation
was omitted in 1810-11, but reappears in 1812, and an-
nually until 1816, when it was omitted.

In 1817 it was renewed and regularly continued with
some increase from time to time until 1851; but in no
} ear did it exceed -f 5,500, and generally it was less. In
1851 it was augmented to ■§35,000, and in no instance
thereafter was it diminished. The total expenditure for
agriculture, including the printing of the reports, from
1839 to June 30, 1872, was but $2,216,963. In 1867 a
building was ordered for the department and was finished
the following year, at a cost of (i>110,000. The appropria-
tion for this department for the year ending June 30,1892,
was $2,811,663.50. A considerable portion of this was
applied to the weather bureau service, which, by recent
statute, has transferred it from the department of the army
where it was known as the "signal service.'' Here fol-
lowed a detailed account of the miuutse of the appropria-
tions of this bill, giving a very clear idea of its character
and scope. It is very wide in its scope, covering a vast
amount of subjects appertaining directly and indirectly
to the subject in hand. That part which relates to the
quarantining of diseased animals and the spread of the
disease is very effective.

In 1862 the first step was taken by Congress toward a
provision for agricultural education, in which it granted
to each state and territor}^ complying with certain con-
ditions, public land or land script, to the amount of 30.-

Ill

000 acres for each senator and representative to which
such state was entitled under the preceding census. It
provided for the investment of money received as pro-
ceeds of sales of such lands, so that the income shall be
applied to endow at least one college where the leading
object shall be to teach agriculture and the mechanic arts.
Furthermore, in case the capital sum should at any time
be diminished or lost, it shall be replaced by the state, and
the college is to make an annual report to the Secretary
of the Interior. An act approved March 2, 1887, provides
for the establishment of agricultural experiment stations
to be conducted under the direction of any college estab-
lished in accordance with the act of 1862. Certain modi-
fications have been made where a station has been estab-
lished by a state but not connected with a college. By
this act !|15,000 is annually paid to each state and terri-
tory entitled to the same under provisions of foregoing
legislation. Here followed a definition of the object and
duty of these stations at length. An act of Congress
approved August 30, 1890, grants to each state and terri-
tory, out of the sale of public lands, il5,000 for the year
ending June ^^30, 1890, and an annual increase of
11,000 for ten years, to be applied only in the instruction
in agriculture, the mechanic arts, the English language
and the mathematical, physical, natural and economic
sciences. By the most recent report of the Secretary of
Agriculture there are now fifty-four of these experimenc
stations in forty-six different states and territories.
Alabama has four, Louisiana three, and Connecticut,
Massachusetts and New York two each. No other na-
tional government has so wide an opportunity for investi-
gation, covering contiguous territory. However much
the system may hereafter be expanded and elaborated
in its details, its descriptive title will be that of the
United States agriculture. There are at present 61
colleges in this country benefitted by these acts of 1862

112

-.md 1890. The two Massachusetts institutions are the
-Massachusetts Agricultural College and the Bussey
Institution of Harvard University. There has been an
.issociation of the officers of the American Agricultural
Colleges, which should not fail to be conducive to that
unity of action and uniformity of standard which it is
the aim of the Department of Agriculture to maintain.

The State Board of Agriculture consists of forty-five
membere, four of whom, the governor, lieutenant-governor,
the secretary of the ('ommonwealth and the president of
the Agricultural College, are members ex-officio. The
working organization of the Board includes also a secre-
tary, a chemist and an entomologist. The forty-one
regular members are chosen severally by incorporated
agricultural societies. Here followed a summary of the
various payments from the state treasury for the agricul-
tural department for the year 1891. Following was a
showing of the returns in the secretary's annual report
of the various agricultural societies, in which our society
was far in the lead for number of Farmer's Institutes. The
■gypsy moth extermination cost $69,247.55 for 1891 and
175,000 for 1892. In conclusion, he said he had
been more and more impressed with the little that was
known about this subject, and he strongly advised his
hearers to go to Amherst and see the working of the
•experiment station and thereby get a deal of information.

The 90th Institute was held at the Town Hall, Brad-
ford, Friday, Feb. 10. President Appleton called the
meeting to order at 9.30 o'clock, and after a few intro-
iloctory remarks introduced the speaker, Mr. Lysander S.
Richards of Marsh field, whose subject was " How to
inoake small farms pay."

In his preface he said the weather was very unfavorable
■for the meeting, but he would try and make his subject
plain. He had no patent on his topic, and had nothing

113

new to offer, but was going to tell them simply what had
been his experience, not what he had heard or read. He
was not born a farmer but was in active business in Bos-
ton until he was forty years of age, and then owing to ill
health he went on to a farm where he spent ten years in
various experiments and failures before he made the farm
pay. He said he thought farmers needed a more busi-
ness knowledge of their work to become successful, a quick
perception and action ; delay is the cause of many of the
failures upon the farm. To begin with planting corn
for food for cattle is one of the essentials, and a great
many make the error of putting off the planting until too
late, thus losing the opportunity of getting it, in in good
condition. He, the speaker said, would plant as early
as the first of M?lj, and take his chances of a frost, and
get it in by the middle of September or just as soon as
the kernels were hard. All that a cow will eat of corn
fodder pound per pound is as good as timothy hay.

He said he fed on corn fodder twice a day and fed hay
at night, but what works well on my farm may not apply
to others. A chemical analysis of the soil is not feasible,
as it only gives you the limited space examined. His
farm is a fruit farm, and here he would say, he is sur-
prised to see how few farmers have gardens for household
use to supplement the table, as they are a great help in
making the farm pay. Strawberries are one of the easiest
things to raise in a small way for the family ; he raises
strawberries for a money crop not for the fun of it. Do
not pick your berries too soon, wait until they are all
ripe. The trouble is pickers are apt to pick them half
grown. Raspberries are also a good fruit for the market
and a paying crop. He has known the vines to last for
twenty years with good care. You must keep them
trimmed and the soil free, do your trimming in the
spring. Blackberries do not pay well now, the price is so
low, but they are very productive. Currants are also a

114

good crop and require little attention and should be one
of the garden fruits. A good A 1 article sent to Boston
market will always meet with a ready sale, while a com-
mon article will not. He does not believe in buying
Peach trees to set out, but by planting a native seed,
good results have been attained. The last crop to dwell
upon is that of the hen crop. It is the most important
factor in helping out in the winter. The common error
is to go into it too largely at first, and with no experience
one is almost sure to fail. Better go slow and learn the
ways and habits of the fowls before j^ou go into it too
largely. He began with twenty-five that paid a profit of
one dollar and a half each, and increased it to sixty hens,
that paid a profit of two dollars and twenty-five cents each ;
this he does by both eggs and chicks. In the winter, hens
must get to the ground and the conditions must be made
as near summer as possible. Brush the snow away and
let them get at the grass. Grass is a great promoter to
fertilizing the eggs. For the all around farmer the Wy-
andotte and the Plymouth Rocks are the best breeds.
Give them egg producing food as soon as hatched if you
want them to lay early. In a word the qualities necessary
to make a successful farmer are, a thorough genuine love
for tilling the soil, for plant growth, harvesting, care of
live stock, and the continuous improvement of his farm.
He must be prompt, active, methodical, economical, handy
at carpenters' tools, temperate and progressive.

The speaker was frequently interrupted by questions,
and answered them as they were asked.

President Appleton spoke at length on various ques-
tions suggested by the essay.

At the afternoon session, Mrs. E. V. Gage and Hayden
Brown were expected to speak, but owing to illness and
unavoidable absence the speaker of the morning was asked
to speak again, and he related his experience in Califor-
nia some seventeen years before, and again a year ago.

115

He found several changes a year since when he was
there from his former visit, one of which was formerly
manure was considered a nuisance and was deposited on
sand roads or anywhere to get rid of it. It is now put in
compost heaps, as a noticeable decrease in the crops is
discernable, and this manure is necessary for the enrich-
ment of the soil. The ranch life is very primitive, the
dwellings poor, nothing such as we would put up with,
and not until a man has accumulated a small fortune does
he build himself a fair house. If our New England
farmers lived as primitively and economically as the Cal-
ifornian ones do they would accumulate money quite as
fast. To make a profit, one must cultivate largely, and as
an example, he explained the working of a gang plough of
six that it would take an entire day to go around a piece
once, and about six weeks steady work to plow and sow.
Grain raising must be carried on on a large scale, and to
do this one must have the modern machines to accompHsh
it, many of which are very expensive. The barns are
slightly different from ours here in the East. All the
wheat straw is dumped into them and protected by a rail-
ing, then the cattle and horses can go and help themselves
as often as they like, eating what they want and then go
away. The farms are irrigated by ditches, no rain falling
from May to September. The Pacific slope in summer is
not an attractive place to a New Englander, who is accus-
tomed to the beautiful green hills. The speaker gave a
very full account of the Orange culture in Southern
California, and also the apricots, figs and grapes describ-
ing the vineyards, their construction, &c.,at length.

The 91st Institute was held at the Town Hall, Beverly,
Friday, Feb. 2-lth, the subject for the morning being,
Highways and road building, by James Owens of Newark,
N. J., who has been a practical road builder for twenty
years. Mr. Owens said that probably no one question

110

was being more agitated, at the present time, than roads
and their condition. In New Jersey they have in some
localities the same trap rock that we have. The problem
is the betterment and improvement of our roads, we must
endeavor to give the people a dollar's worth of road for a
dollar's outlay. He, the speaker, has had and seen his
faults and errors in the past and at first trials, and hopes
that others may profit by his mistakes. In 186S, when
he took charge of the road work in New Jersey, the roads
were but a parody on means of communication. The move-
ment began with the Essex road board, which at first met
with much opposition, but power was finally obtained to
pave with the Telford process. At that time there had
only been constructed dirt roads, no thought of macad
amizing having been given to the subject. He here showed
a chart illustrating the Telford process of pavements
with a foundation five or six inches thick and three
inches of broken stone on top which is the best plan. No
road should ever be buih on a level grade and it should
never be less than six inches to the one hundred feet, and
as much more up to twelve inches in one hundred feet.
The steepness should not be over ten feet in one hun-
dred feet. As to crowning, it should be twelve inches in
every thirty feet. Ruts in roads are worse than holes,
and constant travel keeps them open and deepens them.
The custom of having a steep rise of twelve to fifteen feet
to a hundred in hilly roads, is too severe on the horses
and should not be allowed and if possible you should
eliminate the steep grades in the country roads, wliicli
will be a great improvement and will be appreciated.
He, the speaker, would lay special stress upon drainage,
if a road is well drained it will last much longer and be
much better than if water be allowed to stand on or near
it. The foundation may be of any obtainable stone,
although worn round stone should be broken as a round
stone will work to the surface. The foundation should

117

be laid by hand and placed in position and sledged firmly
in place. Before patting on the broken stone, it is well
to put on a slight covering of loam, to keep the founda-
tion firml}^ in place, and after the broken stone is put on.
the roller should be kept at work until the road is per-
fectly hard. Here he gave a brief resume of the New
Jersey State road laws in all their workings, from the first
up to date. President Appleton invited Mayor Rantoul to
ijpeak on the subject of roads and he responded by saying
that we must remember that the soil in New Jersey was
very much different from the soil in Essex County, ]\Iass.
He made a plea for Avide tires to wheels which was a
roller of itself when going over the road instead of open-
ing a rut and advanced the idea of the county owning
one or more of the improved costly road machines and
loaning them to the smaller country towns.

The afternoon meeting was called to order at 1.30
o'clock, when President x\ppleton introduced Hon. Peter
M. Neal of Lynn, who spoke on fruit in general, and
pears in particular. The speaker began by saying that
knowledge is the accumulation in a vast storehouse, and
we may, as the Essex Agricultural Society, go there and
take out what we will.

Fruit seems to have been the food of primeval man.
The peach is superior, however, and what is more delic-
ious than a fine dish of peaches ; but pears are of longer
duration, he having had pears all the year round. The
pear is like sponge cake, and the apple like bread, the
staff of life. The pear is the fruit for the few, the apple
for the million. By this he does not wish to disparage
the pear, but to give it its proper place. Essex County
raises more pears than any other county in Massachusetts,
As has been said before, Lynn looks like a city that has
gone out into the country to spend the summer. The
speaker then said he now had too many pears, and too
few apples. The pear is a very ancient fruit, three hun-

118

dred and fifty years before the Christian era it was raised,
and Theocrastus at such a time speaks of it in a work on
Botany. The pear is not indigenous to America, but was
brought here. It was first carried from Syria to Greece,
and then to Rome, and from there all over Europe, and
from there to this country, and within the last two hun-
dred years many fine varieties have been produced, some
of the best of them being of American oi-igin. Do not set
out too many varieties, ten or a dozen being enough, that
will yield fruit from the middle of July to January. The
Bartlett was brought to this country ninety-four years ago
this spring, and is a well known and delicious pear. The
pear that takes one year with another in the market is the
Clairgeau. Its beauty sells it, not its quality. Some new
pears promise well ; many pear trees live to a very great
age, some of them being known to be three oi' four hun-
dred years old, the well known Endicott pear tree,
which still bears fruit, being over two hundred years old.
The borer that makes havoc among the apple trees rarely
troubles the pear. The lazy man has no right to expect
to raise good fruit as eternal vigilance is i-equired to get
it. Do not be afraid of a good knife and lop off all
the useless branches, and let in light, in peaches it is well
to trim off one-half of the last year's growth; pear blight
can only be safely treated with the knife. In conclusion
he would say that he got lost in the maze of the portico,
and did not get beyond the vestibule of that great store-
house and, while telling them nothing new, could onlj' apol-
ogize for the time taken up.

President Appleton then made some remarks in relation
to insect pests and the method of spraying, laying particu-
lar stress on the fact of delicate spraying, not going over
the same ground twice, thus washing off what had been
previously put on, after which Mr. Gregory spoke on his
personal experience in fruit raising, followed by Mr. Man-
ning of Reading, and Mr. Foster of Beverly.

119

The 92nd Institute was held at the Town Hall, Tops-
field, Feb. 17th. The essayist of the morning was
the Hon. Jas. J. H. Gregory, of Marblehead, who read a
paper on " Underdraining." The speaker said he would
consider the improvement of our low land in conjunction
with his announced subject, which would broaden his
field for treatment. Too large a part of New England is
still unimproved. The question now at hand is the best
way of handling this unimproved wet land, and it is his
opinion that it is in the line of the higher agriculture
for the census to take up the topic and give us accurate
statistics of land that can be improved and brought into
tillage by drainage, dykage and by getting the water out
of it. The latter method pays in Holland and the time
will come when it will pay here as well. The speaker
hoped in the near future the Agricultural College would
send out experts to examine this question abroad and re-
port thereon. In this matter of redeeming land one will
find it very handy to sound with an iron rod, having a
curved handle in order to avail ones self of the rich soil
that lies under the surface.

Muck is a vegetable matter that does not decay beyond
a certain point. It decays just so far and then the cold
arrests it and muck or peat forms. It is very useful
therefore as a fertilizer, for the nitrogen does not escape,
and it is equal in some conditions to stable manure. It
is useful to use with stable manure and makes a rich com-
bination, as the manure warms it and sets the nitrogen
free.

In draining land it is well to follow the natural slope
of the land as much as possible. To begin with, look for
your springs and tap them first. Also look out for your
outlet, for if you have none, it is useless to drain your
land. No roots can grow in dead water, and what we
aim at is to remove it, and where water stands, there can
be no decomposition, and only when the water is drained

120

off, and tlie sun and heat gets to it does this process take
place. It is a question to him whether mucky land pays
to till or sinipl}^ let it go to grass. This is something
each individual must settle for himself. In coming to
crop lands we (ind they ai-e pretty difficult to handle.
You must dig your drains and put in your tiles and some-
times loose stones, you have to go through the hard pan
and it is quite a job to dig it up. The speaker thought
it a good plan to bury the useless stone walls on the
farms and convert them into drains. For draining there
is nothing better than the round tile. The joints will
take care of themselves and when once covered the dirt
will pi event any spreading or movement of the tile.
After the tile is laid be sure to cover with loose stones
and scraps of leather or something of the kind and be
sure to leave none uncovered over night, as a little rain
or any caving of earth might fill the tile and it would not
be noticed. There is now a theory of "under-airing" the
soil the same as underdraining, that is to get the air into
the soil, which is claimed to be very beneficial to the
crops. In draining, do" not lay your drains over two feet
deep, as three or four feet in a dryyear will cause the land
to suffer from drought accordingly.

Mr. David Warren, of Swampscott, here gave some very
interesting personal experiences that clearly demonstrated
this, your crops will always be the best just over the drains,
and you can readil}^ mark the course of your drains by
the crops, especially in grass.

President Appleton spoke in the general line of re-
claimed land and also of irrigation, that would be so use-
ful to the market gardeners and horticulturist.

Mr. Emerson, of Haverhill, spoke at length on the
question of underdraining and the urgency of knowing
how to drain before attempting the operation, so that one
will not have to do the work all over again. In draining

121

near trees, a person must look out for the roots, as they
will grow for an incredible distance and will get into a
tile drain in a very minute space, and after once there will
fill the drain, and choke it so that it will be useless. He
advises Portland cement to be put over the joints, and to
be careful that they are made perfectly tight.

At the afternoon session, President Appleton intro-
duced jNIr. Edmund Hersey of Hingham, who spoke on
" Cranberry Culture." He began by saying that it is
only known very much about in the southeastern part of
Massachusetts. He commenced years ago in an experimen-
tal sort of a way. For years he allowed the matter to rest,
but twelve or fourteen years ago he looked the matter over
again and found out he had made a mistake in not going
into it more extensively.- He immediately began to take
steps to increase his field of area in his part of the state.
The berry does not like to grow in too wet land, al-
though some people suppose they require a great deal of
water, but this is not so. On the contrary a good sand
hill is preferable. There are three things necessary for
success; first, drainage, you must be able to drain your
meadow; second, sand, that is coarse sand, not the very
fine variety, and if this is not obtainable, use fine gravel;
and the last condition is water, that you can command
at all seasons of the year, so that you can let it on, or
drain it off when you like. This proper condition of
things he illustrated by a chart, showing a good cranberry
lot with its proper drainage, and water supply. You must
have good conditions to start with to make it pay. If you
strike a spring in your meadow, you must drain it off in-
to the nearest ditch, and in time it will stop of its owd
accord. You want a sufficient depth of sand on your
meadow, if you do not have this, the grass will grow and
choke out your vines.

If your sand is handy, 3 or 4 inches is about the right
depth and if some grass comes up through this amount

122

the cranberry vines will grow very rapidly and soon kill
out the grass. It is not necessary that the bog should
have a peat foundation. Do not spread your sand until
you are ready to set your vines, the best time being the
last of April or first of May. He does not buy vines nor
does he advise any one to do so, but gets the best wild
ones he can find. If you must buy your vines do not go
south for them, but rather go north as the northern ones
ripen earlier than the southern berries do. In buying
vines you must look out for insects which will ruin your
whole crop. The speaker then answered many questions,
relative to the topic, by several of the audience, after
which a general discussion followed.

The 93rd Institute of this society was held in the Town
Hall, Ipswich, Friday, March 31st. The speaker in the
morning was O. S. Butler of Georgetown, on Poultry, and
in the afternoon Francis H. Appleton, Esq., of Peabody.
on Milch Cows.

President Appleton -presided, and after a few remarks,
introduced Mr. Butler who said to begin with, that he
wanted every thing informed and therefore hoped if any
one had an^^ questions to ask, they would interrupt him
at any time and ask or discuss anything tliat might occur
to them.

The speaker said his experience in poultr}- raising was
not so extensive as some others, as he had never had more
than 250 chickens at one time. He desired, however, to
handle the subject in a familiar ^vay.

First a person, in order to succeed in any business
or profession should have a taste for it. The speaker be-
lieved in intelligent action, no forcing of anything
whether in the school room or the raising of poultiy.

There is something more than the mere keeping of fowl
if we would obtain the best results. W a should seek for
the profit of tlie thing. One great (juestion has arisen

123

and that was, whether it was best to use artificial means
in the production of chickens, or be content to follow the
old and natural method. This depended whether the
raiser wished to produce poultry for the early or late mar-
ket. The speaker in referring to the best breed of fowl,
said that he preferred the middle Aveights, such as the
Plymouth rocks, as they were better for early birds.

If it was desired to raise for the late fall market, the
larger birds were preferable, say those weighing five o^^"
six pounds dressed, as they brought a larger price in the
market. If poultry was raised for egg production, the
smaller birds should be preferred, because as a rule more
egsrs were obtainable from them.

The greatest number of eggs which had been found in
embryo in a hen was 750. If a hen did not deposit her
full quota, it was a question whether it was best to force
her to do it. One of the greatest obstacles we had to
overcome was in breeding. We should get rid of our
Growers every fall and get some from a distance. He sold
eggs every spring for hatching, and this helped out the
expenses of the hennery very much. His favorite breed
was the Plymouth rock. Mr. Butler cautioned all against
going into the poultry business on a large scale. Begin
in a small way and then the great essential for success —
experience, would be secured. Every poultry raiser should
thoroughly understand the incubator before using it.
Poultry needed two sets of buildings, a summer house
and winter house, with plenty of yard room. The build-
ings should be high and roomy. The roof of the winter
house should slant toward the sun to make it warmer.
Carbonic acid gas was as dangerous to poultry as it was
to people and there is nothing that will create so much
carbonic acid gas as a hen. Ventilation should, of course,
be from the bottom of the hen house, and the speaker
thought the best way to secure it was to have conductors
run from within a few inches of the floor to an opening
a' the eaves.^ind the draft would take out the impure ait

124

Anything contributing to the healthfulness of the fowl
contributed to its profitableness. The speaker did not
believe in unnatural development. This violation of
nature's law was illustrated in many ways, especiall}'' in
horses; there were many very pretty to look upon, but
when you put them to service they were good for nothing.
Jt was the same with poultry.

Hens and chickens should never go to the roost with
empty stomachs, but satisfied. Whole corn was good to
feed them at night. If the point to be attained in any-
thing was development, it was essential to begin with the
primary condition. The principle held good in every
phase and condition of life.

The speaker said that with him the actual cost of keep-
ing a hen a year was from $1.00 to $1.25. Hens would
average from 160 to 170 eggs a year. Some hens would
lay 200 eggs in a year. Fifteen dozen eggs at 25 cents
]>er dozen and the value of the hen, less the keeping,
would be the yearly profit.

The afternoon meeting was called to order at 1.30, by
Vice President James P. King, who introduced President
Appleton, as the afternoon speaker, whose subject was
" Milch Cows.'' Mr. Appleton began by saying that the
cow in her wild state only yielded milk enough to nourish
her young for a few weeks after birth or until it can sup-
port itself and then goes dry for the balance of the year.
Ill her condition, as we know it,]intelligent care and treat-
ment have increased her flow of milk and made her use-
ful to the human family, and have changed her habits in
the onward progress of civilization. The natural tendency
<if the improved animal— our cow of today — is to constant-
1 Y revert to the natural condition as she was first found
by our distant ancestors.

It is only by intelligent treatment, a continuance of
t;ood breeding, and all reasonable encouragement in that

125

direction, that the useful characteristics of our animal t^
can be preserved and advanced. When individual
citizens are so busy with their own affairs, for the interest
of farmer's prosperity, it becomes a necessary considera-
tion, and a most important one, how the state can best
promote the general agricultural interests of her people,
by encouraging with instruction and object teaching,
those ways and systems that will promote a knowledge
of and demand for the best in all kinds of live-stock, in-
cluding milch stock, and the best results in growing and
acquiring their food, as well as how to present it to them
injudicious and profitable rations. The housing of ani-
mals, food and manurial substances, demand economy
in all details, to secure best profits in each case. Constant
vigilance in all ways is as necessary to preserve the pro-
fit condition of a milch cow as it is of life or anything
else in the world.

I want to make it clear that it is as important for our
agricultural organizations, experiment stations, and boai d
of Agriculture to constantly direct their efforts towaid
the promotion of high ideas as to what our live stock of
all kinds should be, as it is to endeavor to experiment
with methods of feeding the animals, and the crops which
they consume. High quality in the livestock brought
into our markets and onto our farms, is desirable and
profitable.

For one I feel that we can well press forward such
efforts. I trust these ideas will meet with favorable
consideration at your hands in the discussion that shall
follow.

It has been only by many years of constant care with
most judicious selection and treatment in localities of
most healthful kind, that our breeds of cattle have been
preserved and brouglit to this best known condition in
our part of the world. And in the older countries the
well known breeds were made possible only by the

126

enforcement of strict rules and popular demand and con-
stant encouragement, with also public decoration and
acknowledgment of successful achievements of real
merit, freely given. A highly successful breeder was
placed in the front ranks of prominent men. The present
source of supply of very many of the cows that make up
our milch stock, is very largely from distant breeders,
and beyond state limits, of the condition of whose barns
we have no guarantee as to their freedom from disease
germs, or as to whose care in early training of the live-
stock we must be equally uncertain.

If we can only establish a price for milk in proportion
to its intrinsic value, shall we not be establishing a value
for carefully bred cows that will enable the farmer to se-
sure a price for milk which shall more justly remunerate
oareful home breeding and milk farming. It seems to
me that this suggests more profit to the milk producer
and protection to quality in milk.

With less advantageous surroundings for the making
of milk in our more thickly populated districts, we find
the greatest demand for it and the increased difficulty to
secure that milk which is of pure quality and such as
meets the wishes of the consumers. One cause is the
bad condition of many cow stables which exist in the
more immediate vicinity of our cities and large towns,
where animals are forced as to kinds of food and fed with
the poorest quality of air, and where their surroundings
are not otherwise properly healthful.

Such cheaply raised lacteal fluid tends to lower the value
of the honest product, coming from the forest and free
country atmosphere. Is not this a temptation to some]
one to extend the quantity to meet the quality that is
lower, where the price received per quart is not the best.

The well fed. well cared foi' eow is at a disadvantage
unless the market for her product is directly that of the
consumer, or until sucli time as her product is sold for its

127

quality and standard. Here we have a work for most
thoughtful consumers, and farmers to unite in pressing up-
on our established authorities that the public ma}' the bet-
ter appreciate the advantages of pure milk.

REPORT OF COxMMITTEE ON TREADWELL
FARM.

The Treadwell Farm still continues under the manage-
ment of L. D. Stan wood as tenant. Everything about the
farm appears to be kept in a neat, tidy condition.
About the usual amount of hay has been raised this sea-
son, 33 tons, potatoes, cabbages, ruta bagas and other
vegetables, to some extent. Five acres of ensilage corn
of the southern white variety have been grown, produc-
ing 81.4 tons at a cost of 13.39 per ton in the silo; to grow
this 16.2 tons per acre, five cords of barn manure and
500 lbs. of Ames' fertilizer per acre were applied. Mr.
Stanwood is more than pleased with the experiment of
feeding the ensilage of last year's production. The new
silo built last year has proved entirely successful.

There were three acres of field corn of the Angel of
Midnight variety, grown upon the farm this year. Five
cords of barn manureapplied in the hill, per acre, produced
forty-one and one-half bushels and two tons of stover per
acre, at a cost of production of -^40.25. As it is conceded
by some, that good corn stover is worth as much per ton
as English hay, for producing milk, and if this is so, which
we hardly admit, as hay this year is worth i|20 per ton
in the barn, it will be seen, that the two tons of stover
is worth as much as the cost of cultivation of an acre of
corn. And thus Mr. Stanwood gets his corn for nothing,
or it may be called his net profit. In considering the
value of stover in comparison with hay, some conserva-
tive men, while admitting the fact of its being of equal

128

value, add providing it is all eaten. The committee in
this case saw it fed, and were pleased to know that the
cows eat it all up. The stock on the farm consists of 16
cows, 5 heifers, uae bull and 2 horses.
Respectfully submitted,

Benjamin P. Ware, Chairman.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON IMPROVING
WET MEADOW AND SWAMP LANDS.

The same committee has been reappointed by the society
for two or three years in succession.

There appears to be at present, very little interest in
this important subject — either by the committee, or the
farmers at large throughout the county. There have been
but two entries made during the last two years, both be-
ing by Maurice H. Connor, of West Newbury, for a piece
of about five acres of wet pasture or swampy land very
near his house. The chairman made several efforts to
get the committee together to examine this land in 1892 —
but no one appeared except Mr. E. Francis Holt of An-
dover. We did not feel authorized under the circum-
stances to make any award last year, but this year, as
Mr. Connor entered the same lot again, and as no one ap-
peared but Mr. Holt and myself, we thought it advisable
to call in a neighbor to our assistance, when we three
concluded to award to Mr. Connor the Society's first pre-
mium of fifteen dollars. As your chairman is a near neigh-
bor to Mr. Connor, he invited Mr. Holt to make a report,
which he very kindly did, as appears below.

STATEMENT OF MAURICE H. CONNOR.

The piece of meadow which I enter for the society's
premium contains about four acres. The soil is a dark
loam, with a clay and sand subsoil ; and was when we be-
gun operations upon it, about six years ago, one of the

129

roughest fresh meadows iu Essex County, having been
used for a cow pasture for a number of years previous, and
its surface was completely covered with hassocks, clumps
of bushes and cranberry vines. In the fall of 1886 we
started to plough it with four horses, but found it impos-
sible to find a plough that would turn it over, the sod be-
ing so touofh it would fall back in the furrow after the
plough. We finally obtained a marsh share for the Oliver
plough that cut all the roots clean at the bottom of the
furrow. After we got it ploughed, the next question was
how to get loose soil enough so we could plant a crop.
We tried several tools for that purpose, with varying suc-
cess, and finally succeeded in getting a portion of it ready
for fodder corn the first spring ; we then planted about an
acre each year. After the first year it was comparatively
easy to work, and we now have it in long beds, ridged in
the centre, from forty to sixty feet wide, with surface
drains between each bed, with a good outlet for the water,
one-fourth mile in length. It can be ploughed at any time
with an ordinary team, and is now bearing a good crop
of English hay.

The principle cost was the first ploughing ; since then

I have been well paid for my labor, by the crops raised

each year. The expense per acre was about as follows.

Ploughing with 3 men and 4 horses 2 days $16 00

Harrowing, 1 man and 2 horses 1 day 4 00

120 00
To balance which we have the hay crop for the past
two seasons, one and a half tons per acre, worth ten dol-
lars per ton standing.

3 tons of hay at $10. $30 00

All it needs now, is fertilizer of some sort, and the hay-
crop for another year may be doubled.
Respectfully submitted,

Maurice H. Connor.

130

REPORT OF E. FRAXCIS HOLT.

The committee on improved wet meadow lands, having
visited and examined the piece offered for premium by
Maurice Connor of West Newbury, submit the following.
We find in this field the result of courage, persistence and
patience, united with good sense and muscle. Four of
these qualities should and must be the possession of every
successful farmer ; and the latter if not possessed, is ordina-
rily attainable at not extreme expense. These facts maj*
suggest to the possessors of many an unsightly and use-
less piece of land in Essex Co. the possibility with the
means within their possession or reach, of bringing the
same into a condition that shall make it at once a pleasure
to the beholder and a source of profit to the owner thereof.
It is in the hope of fostering and encouraging such efforst
on the part of such owners, that your committee suggest
for Mr. Connor the premium of fifteen dollars. In so do-
inff we do not overlook the fact that the statement of Mr.
Connor is not as much itemized or detailed as regards ex-
penses and receipts as would be desirable ; but since the
premium is for tlic improvement in the Jand^ and your com-
mittee are, because of close examination and questioning,
satisfied that from the first ploughing it has returned at
least and probably more than an equivalent for all ex-
penditures; and is now in a clean, arable condition, ready
to give almost unlimited returns for liberable cultivation ;
they take pleasure in recommending as above.
Respectfully submitted,

E. Francis Holt.

The Chairman would fully indorse Mr. Holt's remarks,
and would further suggest, that we consider Mr. Con-
nor's estimates of the cost of ploughing and harrowing
rather low, but as it was done mostly with his own
team, and with the help of other members of the family,
the cost may not to him appear very great ; but those of

131

us who hire all such work done, are fortunate if tlie cost
does not double his figures. Mr. Connor went to consid-
erable expense in making an outlet for the water. A
long ditch had to be dug through another man's land, and
a bridge across a road was taken up and relaid. As
the land is drained wholly by surface draining, we suggest
to Mr. Connor in future, the great importance of keeping
the drains open — especially that the outlet does not be-
come clogged, either by dirt, roots of trees, or coarse
grasses. This is of the utmost importance, as through
one or two years neglect, the cultivated grasses will be
killed out, and rushes and other swamp grasses will take
possession. The writer is a firm believer in thoroughly re-
claiming these wet, boggy, and swampy places — land,
especially, near our buildings, which has been receiving
the deposit from the upland for ages, is too valuable to'be
neglected, or lay idle and useless. Judicious improve-
ments of this kind will pay the farmers of our county,
much better interest on the outlay, than western mort-
gages, or shares in some alluring speculation. In the
first place, it is necessary to remove all HtmnHiKj irater. so
that the land may not retain excessive moisture during
any portion of the year. TJiere must he sufficioU f((IL and
a good outlet, or this draining wet land will ultimately
prove a failure.

For several years past, there has been a " Note "
inserted in the Committee's book, under the head of
waste land and underdraining ; thus :

"The committee is instructed to ascertain hnw many, if any, reclaimed swamps
in this County have been abandoned or have returned to natural grasses. Per-
sons knowin-i' of such are requested to notify the Secretary or Committee."

It is quite evident that the person through whose in-
fluence this note was first inserted, was not a believer in
reclaiming these wet places, or at least had lost faith in
its practicability. For one, I can sa}^ I have lost no faith
in it. Having practised underdraining in a small way for
over twenty years, believe now. that careful systematic

132

underdraining has paid me better than any other invest-
ment; failures occur everywhere, but they generally come
through carelessness or neglect.

There is a large meadow in full view from the windows
where I write, which was forty years ago in the best state
of cultivation. Large crops of English grass, grain and
vegetables were every year grown upon it. It was
drained in the lowest place, through its entire length, by
a large deep ditch, perhaps five feet wide and four deep.
The land on either side of this large ditch, was ploughed
up into beds, with sufficient drains between them, to
take the surface water rapidly away. In process of time
the main ditch became clogged ; willow roots were allowed
to penetrate and interlace, till the ditch became entirely
filled, and is now grown up to hassocks and bushes,
Foi'ty acres of this once valuable land is now used for a
pasture, the lowest part cutting nothing but the poorest
quality of coarse grass. Is not this a sample of other
lands in this county, which were once reclaimed and pro.
ductive? There is within twenty rods of my own build-
ings, a rough piece of about five acres of pasture land,
which was valued a few years ago at '|'25 per acre. This
land has never been ploughed till the past season, but
has been allowed to grow up to bushes and wood. The
bulk of the land is a gentle slope to the west, and there is
a good fall to a meadow and brook. In the easterly corner
of the lot, there has always been a small pond, which was
seldom dry. This pond caused about an acre and a half
of the' best land to be too wet to cultivate, or even to
drive over during the early season.

To drain this pond and wet corner, we had to cut a
very deep wide ditch, about fifteen rods long, through a
ridge of stiff clay, which prevented the water from pene-
trating through it. The land on either side of this ridge,
was very rough; full of large holes that made it almost
impossible to mow the bushes. We comnu'iiced about

133

three years ago to drain our land, by striking out a wide
ditch with a pair of horses and plough. Next we used a
horse scraper, and drew the dirt back, dumping it in
holes, from twenty to sixty feet on each side of the ditch.
Then by ploughing again and scraping out more dirt, we
formed a ditch, some twelve or fifteen feet wide at the
top, tapering down to a foot or less at the bottom.
Through the deepest rut our ditch is nearly eight feet
deep, but the sides are so sloping that grass will and does
grow down to the bottom of the ditch. Clover and
other high ground grasses came in the second season
ivithout seeding, so that we cut this present year, on the
ditch banks and sides, over a ton of fair upland hay.
These ditch banks will not be likely to " cave in,'' or the
ditch to get "clogged."

About four rods below the pond, we built a rough
stone bridge, and last year thoroughly under-drained the
land through and around the pond, about an acre and a
half, at a cost of over $100. Below the bridge, we pro-
pose to leave this wide, open ditch, about twelve to fif-
teen feet wide at the top, and slanting down to a foot o\
less at the bottom. The expense thus far has been over
'1200, but we have what will be in a few years, some of
the most valuable land on the place — all down hill, with-
in a " stone's throw " of the stable.

I should not have gone a mile from home to spend so
much on a rough wet piece of pasture, but being right at
our very doors, a strong clay and sandy loam — just the
land I needed to raise certain kinds of stock upon that
cannot be grown to advantage on high land — I think it
has been a wise investment.

For the committee,

T. C. Thuklow.

134

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FARMS RE-
LATING TO THE FARM OF THE MESSRS.
BUTTERS BROTHERS, IN METHUEN.

There were two farms entered for premium this year.
That of Butters Brothers of Methueii and the farm of the
Danvers Lunatic Hospital.

The farm of Butters Brothers is beautifully situated
in the village of Methuen, containing sixteen acres of
undulating surface of excellent soil.

With a small exception for kitchen garden, the farm is
kept in grass, and with the manure from sixteen cows and
three horses applied as a top-dressing, heavy crops are
annually produced. This manure is dropped directly in-
to the barn cellar. Suflicient coarse sand from a knoll
near by is used to absorb all of the urine so that the
manure is of full strength and excellent quality.

The hay crop this year was about thirty tons with six
tons of rowen which is to be fed to the stock on the
farm.

It will be perceived that this, with the additional grain
fed to keep up a good supply of milk, is ample to keep
the farm in a good state of fertility.

There is no pasturage, hence the cows are fed during
summer with some green grass, and an acre of land was
ploughed up after haying and barle}^ sown, yielding a
good crop. This was fed green, cut from day to day as
needed.

No further attempt was made to grow rye, oats or
cornfodder to keep up a succession of green fodder.

The buildings are in good condition, and consist of a
double one story cottage which accommodates the two
families, an excellent barn of sufficient size to hold the
hay crop, and with convenient stable room for the stock.

There is a cellar under the whole barn open at the
south, that afiords good shed room for the farm utensils,

135

of which there is an ample supply of modern patterns,
and also a receptacle for the manure, as before mentioned.

Each brother owns his eight cows and one horse ; the
third horse is old and kept for his past good service.

The product of the farm is fed in common ; each pro-
viding his own grain and retailing his own milk. The
farms yielded this year about fifty barrels of first quality
apples and thii'ty bushels of pears, with sufficient vege-
tables for the two families.

These brothers present examples of apparently enjoy-
ing happy, comfortable farmers' homes, the income from
the farm being ample to supply all necessary wants,
which means to them, what to many would be luxuries.
This is done without any hurrying, fretting or anxiety,
and presents a happy illustration of what comforts a small
Massachusetts farm has to offer for two families.

If these brothers cared to increase their business and
profits, the committee would suggest that by building a
silo and growing ensilage, with more attention to green
crops for soiling, double the number of cows could be
easily kept. That the two milk routes might be consoli-
dated and an active young man could with one horse de-
liver the milk ; but as they are satisfied, the committee
ought to be.

As no statement of details of the farm management has
been furnished as required by the rules of the society,
the Butters Brothers are debarred from receiving the
premium.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OX FARMS RE-
LATING TO THE FARM OF THE DAN VERS
LUNATIC HOSPITAL.

ENTERED FOR PllExMIUM BY Dll. CHAKLES W. PAGE,
SUPERINTENDENT.

In making this report your ct)mmiLtee have in mind
the necessary diffe.'ence in the management of a farm, as

136

a part of a public institution, cultivated as a part of it,
and for its most economic maintenance, and the manage
ment of the average farmer who is struggling against
many adverse circumstances, such as a want of capital, a
glut in the market, caused by overproduction, undue
competition, unequal taxation, high price and scarcity of
competent labor, etc. These do not affect an institution
like the Danvers Hospital, where labor is of no account,
except for oversight and direction, and where any re-
quired amount of money can be had for the asking. So
without making any comparison between the two, your
committee will consider the condition of the farm under
the several heads as requested by Dr. Page in his state-
ment which follows and is a part of this report.

FAllM BUILDINGS.

lo does a farmer good to see ideal buildings containing
all the most approved modern appliances and convenience
for the very best condition of all the stock and for the
storing of the several crops of the farm ; even if he cannot
afford them himself, he can gain some hints by which he
may be able to improve his own to some extent. Such
may be seen on this farm, and for details reference is
made to the very full and complete descriptions in Dr.
Page's statement.

But we desire to call especial attention to some striking
features of these buildings.

What first attracts the attention of a visitor, is the per-
fect order and cleanliness, especially in the cow barn, at-
tached as an ell to the main building, at a right angle
with it. Here the seventy cows are confined with swing-
ing stanchals in two rows facing each other with ample
room between for feeding and behind them for passing*
The walls are plastered with cement and tight. Ample
provision is made for light and ventilation overhead, so
that little or no odor is perceptible. The mangers are
watertight so that a stream of water, cold or warm as de-

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l^i s c

t I

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^

137

sired, can pass through the whole length by turning a
faucet, for watering the cattle. When they are fed they
eat all that is put before them, so nothing is left; not a
straw is to be seen either before or behind them. All
droppings take care of themselves through the gratings
into a wooden trench, as fully described in the statement.
Here every particle of the manure passed is saved and
-carted upon the land as made.

Now that it is a well established fact that the urine of
an animal contains as much plant food as the solid portion
it behooves every farmer who allows the half of his ma-
nure or at least a large portion of it, to run to waste as
many farmers do, to study this object lesson and in some
way prevent that great loss.

No well appointed farm is without a silo. Here is one,
near to the cows and yet wholly separated from them,
with five hundred tons capacity suitably divided into sec-
tions, with all the necessary appliances for unloading the
corn for ensilage, cutting and carrying it to the several
divisions of the silo, all done by steam power, of which
there is an ample supply.

Besides the cellar under the cowbarn, there is an excel-
lent cellar under the main barn, offering ample room for
storing the large quantity of roots and vegetables that are
grown upon the farm.

The new piggery is just finished, and occupied by breed-
ing sows. Already there are between three and four hun-
dred pigs and more coming. The litters average eight or
nine each, and all looking in fine, healthy, growing condi-
tion. This building is constructed on a somewhat new
and novel plan, containing sixty breeding pens. Hogs
are cleanly animals if they are allowed a chance to keep
clean ; and here the opportunity is given to prove them-
selves so, which is done most effectively. The Stewart's
self-clearing grate and downward draft (see statement and
plan for particulars) are a complete success ; for not only

138

are the hogs and pigs strict!}^ clean, but there is little or
none of the odor that usually pertains to a hogpen and
that renders them so objectionable.

The new hennery just being completed is admirable in
design and contains all the modern appliances for the suc-
cessful production of eggs and poultry for which there is
ample demand in the Hospital.

STOCK RAISING.

Statistics prove that at least one half of the milch cows
kept in New England and probably throughout the coun-
try do not pay for their keeping, requiring a large part of
the profit of the other half to make up the deficit, which
of course lessens immensely the profit of the dairy in this
country. All of this may be changed by more careful
breeding and slaughtering at once all found not to yield
profitable returns.

The committee are much pleased with the plan adopted
on this farm of raising the heifer calves from the best cows,
and by the use of a thoroughbred bull. And they feel
that it cannot be too strongly urged that success depends
more upon the bull being selected from the best milking
strain, as it is unquestionable that the sire is more potent
to transmit milking qualities than the dam. This fact is
often overlooked in breeding stock for dairy purposes.

There is always more or less danger of introducing tu-
berculosis or other infectious diseases by the purchase of
stock from sources that may be infected. Dr. Page is of
the opinion that grade or full blood Holsteins are less
subject to tuberculosis than other breeds. By raising
calves from stock not infected, that danger which is quite
considerable is avoided.

The young heifers that have been raised are certainly
very promising, but until they come into milk, their milk-
ing qualities cannot be assured ; hence the importance
when a bull has proved a getter of good milking stock, he
should be kept and made much of. Balls are usually

^

^ i^

r?^il-'5

139

slaughtered before their real quality is proved, so that the
benefit of a very superior animal may be very limited.

The general average production of the cows is remark-
ably good, eight and six-tenths quarts, actual product,
per cow ; but so many changes have been made, the aver-
age of a herd of the same cows for one year is not given,
which would if possible, be of much interest.

By referring to the accompanying statement it will be
noticed that these have no pasturage and that their sum-
mer feed (with the usual amount of grain) consists mostly
of green rye, oats, peas, and barley, grown as they should
be in abundance for a full supply.

The committee are of the opinion that a judicious sys-
tem of soiling in the summer season with a liberal supply
of ensilage in the winter, is by far the most economical
method of producing milk.

The committee noted the general good appearance of the
stock that has been purchased as well as raised upon the
farm, which indicates excellent judgment in selection, both
iu purchasing and breeding, for really successful breeding
is one of the fine arts, dealing in the most subtle forces of
nature ; and we learn with pleasure that the credit of this
belongs to the farm manager, G. L. Barnes, who shows
equal ability in the conduct of the general farm manage-
ment.

FARM PRODUCTS.

The committee observed with much interest the experi-
ment of topdressing in renovating grass land with hard
wood ashes and several brands of fertilizers ; they saw the
good effects on their visit in June, just before the grass
was cut.

There are many fields of grass situated like those around
the Hospital where it is undesirable to have them ploughed
up, and this experiment confirms what had been shown
in other localities, that grass land may be kept in good
productive condition indetinitely by top dressing with

140

either manure or commercial fertilizers. One of the most
successful farmers in Worcester manages the whole of his
large farm in this way. And yet in the ordinary system
of farming, where hoed crops and grain are cultivated, it
is better to have grass included in the rotation.

HAY.

The committee desire to call attention to the fact that
in all cases of weights of crops given in the statements,
that actual weights are given, no estimates, as is too often
relied upon, in many reports. So that the twenty-five and
four fifths tons of first crop and seven and one-half tons
second crop making a total of thirty-three and three tenths
tons or three and two-thirds tons per acre grown on nine
acres of land was the actual weight. This is a remark-
able crop, without top dressing.

Previously this land was for two years cropped with
ensilage corn, showing that the heavy manuring given
those crops was felt in this result and the committee think
it very likely as this land had formerly received the bene-
fit of sewage irrigation, some credit should be given to that.

It will be observed by referring to the statements ac-
companying this report, that heavy manuring and a liberal
use of commercial fertilizers is the system adopted which
produces large crops, in some instances extraordinary.
Of course in most cases the crop does not consume all of
the plant food of the manure applied, and it is a question
how much of the cost of the manure applied should be
charged to the crop grown, but in as much as the cultivated
land is supposed to be well supplied with plant food of
previous years application, we think it is fair to charge
each crop with the fertilizers applied each year ; of course
the land will continue to increase in fertility, as all good
husbandry requires.

The crop of four hundred tons of ensilage grown on
twenty acres of land is a good crop, but not extraordinary,
and reckoning the manure, which was of first quality, at

141

five dollars per cord on the land, which is not a high price,
and the fertilizer at cost, with labor of men at one dollar
and a half a day, and a team of a pair of horses and two
men at five dollars per day, cost in the silo four dollars
and seventy-four cents per ton notwithstanding the use of
the best machinery for the handling of the ensilage.

The average cost of ensilage in the silo by accounts
kept by fourteen growers in Essex county ten years ago,
was two dollars and sixty-three cents per ton. The same
year from the accounts of many growers the cost varied
from ninety-two cents in Nebraska to four dollars per ton
in Lawrence and Noith Andover.

The fact of planting the Learning corn accounts for what
would seem a moderate cro|) considering the amount of
fertilizers used, while this variety does not grow so large
stalks as the Southern White, it is more prolific in ears,
hence yielding a better balanced ration and of more feed-
ing value per ton, and is growing more popular among
prominent ensilage growers.

POTATOES.

The experiment with the potato crop is exceedingly in-
teresting and well worthy of a careful study of the method
of growing an early crop. Those which were dug in July
yielded at the rate of two hundred and forty-eight bushels
per acre, followed with a second crop of first class cab-
bages. By this system the early crop, which usually suf-
fers in quantity with the earliness of the planting, averaged
more than any of the later seeded lots.

ONIONS.

The product from one and three hundred twenty-five
one thousandths acres was one thousand four hundred and
thirty-four bushels of the very best quality of onions,
equal to one thousand and eighty-two bushels per acre.
A yield unprecedented in Essex county or anywhere else
so far as is known by the committee.

142

This and all other crops of vegetables were grown abso-
lutely free from weeds, but as the weeding is done by the
patients, which cost nothing, our fellow farmers need not
feel that we are reflecting upon them by stating this fact.
Doubtless the crop was aided by it however.

By accident, the sowing machine cast more seed than
was intended, six pounds per acre were sown ; in this in-
stance it proved fortunate, as the fourteen cords of first
quality manure, which doubtless was sufficient to cany
the crop through, and with the addition of sixteen hundred
pounds of Bradley's fertilizer per acre, insured ample sup-
ply of plant food for this enormous crop. Under some
circumstances that large quantity of seed would have been
disastrous. A large portion of the crop would have been
much under size. A photograph of the whole crop as it
laid upon the ground may be found in the accompanying
statement. To see the crop before pulling, in continuous
rows of onion piled up one upon another, some of the top
ones were crowded up three or four inches from the ground,
was a sight worth going miles to see.

The committee saw with much satisfaction the various
crops of vegetables on their two visits, in their early
growth and when ready for the harvest, and were sur-
prised at the uniform success of all of them ; for we us-
ually expect more or less failures, and we learn that this
success is due to the skill and good judgment of Ettord
Tassinari, who has for several years been known to mem-
bers of the committee as a florist who has shown great skill
in artistic designs with which the grounds about the Hos-
pital have been decorated, and this year he has surpassed
his previous efforts. The two lions made up of growing
sedums are wonderful specimens of artistic gardening.
We would also especially commend his successful manage-
ment of the rose and pink culture in the greenhouses. For
detailed accounts of these crops we urge a careful study
of statements attached to this report.

143

The most remarkable instance of reclaiming land in Es-
sex county or probably in the state has been going on at
the Hospital farm ever since its occupancy as such. The
whole northerl}^ slope of the hill on which stands the Hos-
pital was literally covered with boulders and stones, which
have been gradually removed and the land converted into
fertile and productive fields. This has required a great
amount of labor, which has been, and is possible by hav-
ing a large number of patients, whose most successful
treatment requires more or less labor.

Within two years this improvement has been applied to
about fifteen acres of certainly the most forbidding lot of
all; covered not only with boulders and stones of all sizes,
but trees and bushes, butby the indefatigable efforts of Mr.
G. H. Barnes, the farm manager, with his corps of patients
who are willing to work, and the necessary hired labor,
backed up by nine yokes of heavy oxen and a liberal use of
dynamite, good progress has been made. A few acres were
planted this year and a prospect of the whole being culti-
vated next season. Some seven thousand tons of rock
have already been dug out and used in building a neces-
sary road through the lot, filling in foundations for the
piggery, hennery, etc

It is a rare sight of late years to see oxen at work on the
farm. While it is conceded that ordinarily horses are
better adapted to our cleared fields; but for work in clear-
ing such land as this, oxen are obviously better, requiring
three yokes to draw the heavy plough through the stones
and roots. Besides there is an economy in their use; for
as here practiced, thrifty cattle are purchased, fed and
worked in such a manner that they continue to gain in
weight, and at any time, or for any reason can be slaugh-
tered for use at the Hospital; so that their labor costs
little or nothing.

SEWERAGE.

Probably no problem has proved so difficult to solve by
the more civilized nations than as to the best method of dis-

144

posing of sewage made necessary by the introduction of
water into the cities and its free use by the people.

Many costly systems of sewerage have been adopted
and proved complete failures or unsatisfactory.

The discharging of sewage into rivers and harbors has
resulted in their pollution and becoming sources of sick-
ness and death.

Clarification by precipitation is not purification, as six
sevenths of putrescible matter may remain after clarifica-
tion, as analysis proves.

A commission appointed by Parliament, composed of
Messrs. Dennison, Frankland and Morton reported : —
"That the actual resources of chemistry do not permit the
hope that the polluting matter of sewage can be precipi-
tated and sent away b}^ the appliance of chemical reac-
tion, and unless new chemical laws are discovered it is
useless to attempt the employment of chemical agents.
Epuration must be confided to Dame Nature.''

I. Babut du Maris says . — "Millions of dollars have
been expended in France in chemical experiments on sew-
age, all of which have been condemned.''

Thirty years ago in an address before this society Hon.
Darwin E. Ware said: — "The subject of sewerage has
vital relations to progress of civilization. Through the
sewers of cities discharging into the ocean, the highest
properties of the soil are irrecoverably lost. The turbid cur-
rents of the North River, the Thames and the Seine are
richer than Pactolus with its sands of gold. For that
which is pollution to their waters, is the touch of magic to
the fields and the power of food for successive generations
of men. The invention of a plan by which the slime and
sediment of cities can be transformed into corn and wheat
gives scope for one of the most beneficial systems of econ-
omy yet devised."

Liebig said of the cloaca of Rome discharging into the
Tiber : — "That it swallowed up in a few hundred years all

145

that could make the Roman peasantry prosperous, and
when their fields were no longer able to produce the nee.
essaries of life for the Roman people, then were the
riches of Sicily, Sardinia and the fertile coasts of Africa
irretrievably sunk in this cloaca."

"The value of this material as a fertilizer is obvious,
but it has been comparatively estimated, and put beyond
controversy by the experiments of the Prussian govern-
ment reclaiming lands with sewage of Dresden and Ber-
lin. Land which without any application yielded but
three for one of seed sown, and seven for one when treated
with common barn manure, yielded fourteen for one when
fertilized with sewage." Many other equally good or
better results from judicious irrigation of farm lands with
sewage might be named.

Many cities in Europe are adopting this system as the
only means of disposing of it, that does not endanger the
health of the people, and at the same time save the im-
mense amount of plant food otherwise lost. The experi-
ence of Rome is a lesson that should be heeded by all mod-
ern cities, as it effects the future prosperity of the nation.

Dr. Earnest Hart has recently said: — "Within thirty
years Great Britain has expended five hundred million
pounds sterling, for adopting a system of sewage irriga-
tion of the soil, with the result of making the country
practically cholera proof, besides the benefit of utilizing the
plant food otherwise wasted.

It may be asked, what has all this to do with the man-
agement of the Danvers Hospital farm? Much; very
much. For that institution, in common with other insti-
tutions of the state, has been troubled with the vexed
question of "What can we do with the sewage'' ? Several
attempts have been made. The first, made by the civil en-
gineers employed by the Building Commissioners was a
complete and expensive failure.

The second, it was thought by members of this commit-
tee, would prove a solution of the whole difficulty, which

146

was by means of conducting the sewage along the brow
of the hill by troughs, to be distributed on the surface as
needed, the land being previously underdrained ; and it
did remarkably well for a time, as many crops that took
this society's first premiums proved ; but this land being
naturally wet and heavy, soon became clogged by an over-
supply and resulted in a nuisance.

The third attempt was to purchase, adjoining the farm,
a five acre lot of barren, sandy land, which absorbed large
quantities of the sewage and has brought the field into a
state of fertility ; but there is a limit that cannot be ex-
ceeded, and this field now cries enough ; for the present at
least. Of late, most of it has been conducted through a
ten inch drain pipe off the premises and it gradually finds
its way into Ipswich river and this will soon be cause for
complaint.

The next plan is an ingenious device adopted by Dr.
Page, to turn the sewage into a system of underdrains in
the fifteen acre lot, being reclaimed as previously described;
for particulars see diagram attached. By this system it will
be observed that it is subirrigation, none coming nearer
the surface than eighteen inches, as this land is of a some-
what sandy or loose nature about four or five feet deep,
resting on hardpan, it will absorb an immense amount of
sewage ; and as the getting rid of it is the superintendent's
main object, he will doubtless succeed in that respect, and
unquestionably b}^ capillary attraction it will rise sufii-
ciently to prevent any hoed crops or grass from suffering
from drought, and supply a portion of plant food, but
probably much the larger part will be lost.

Subirrigation is practised in California, in fruitgrowing,
with good success, especially in Fresno county where grape-
culture for raisins is extensively and successfully con-
ducted.

In the manifest zeal to get rid of the Hospital sewage,
it is hoped that the former forty or fifty acres that were

147

treated with the surface irrigation will not be wholly
overlooked, so that a larger portion of the three thousand
dollars' worth of plant food contained in the annual flow
from this institution may be used.

This valuation is shown in the following calculation
contributed by J. Q. Evans, a member of this committee: —
At our request samples of this sewage were taken
and analyzed by Dr. Guessman, and a review of the fig-
ures are most interesting. All the sewage from this
Hospital containing one thousand people, together with
the water from the sinks and washrooms amounts to one
hundred and fifty thousand gallons daily.

This sewage contains in million partes, nitrogen, 28
parts; potash, 33 parts; phosphoric acid, 12 parts.

An estimate for a day's run shows that 33.6 lbs. of nitro-
gen, 39.6 lbs. of potash, and 14.1 lbs. phoshoric acid are
each day carried away in the sewage from this institu-
tion ; while in a year there is the enormous loss of 12,226
lbs. of nitrogen, worth at 15 cents per pound — $1,839.60,
14,445 lbs. potash worth at 5^ cents per pound— 1794.47,
5,256 lbs. phosphoric acid worth at 7 cents per pound —
f 367.92, a total value of over $3,000 of plant food in the
sewage. Compared with one of the best known brands
of commercial fertilizer, this sewage for one year con-
tains more nitrogen than is found in 200 tons ; more
potash than is found in 100 tons ; and more phosphoric
acid than is found in 20 tons of such commercial fertilizer.-
It will be noted that this sewage is especially rich in
nitrogen, and to this is undoubtedly due the lodging of
grass crops ; excess of nitrogen causing a rank growth of
a soft nature, while the small amount of phosphoric acid
mighG fail to produce a full amount of grain in proportion
to the straw in such crops.

One of the difficulties to a better use of this sewage
has been the naturally moist condition of the soil, which
is of a heavy clayey character, the water not leaching
down readily. Dr. Page is at present engaged on a field

148

of some fifteen acres better adapted to this work, where-
by a system of covered drains the sewage can be diffused
through the soil. A complete diagram of this work has
been prepared by Dr. Page for this report. We are
pleased to note the deep interest he is giving to this exper-
iment, and are satisfied that with his characteristic energy
he will give this problem of sewage utilization a most
careful trial, and the results, be they favorable or unfavor-
able, will prove of interest as bearing upon this important
question, '' What shall we do with the sewage of our cities
and towns, at present allowed to flow into our rivers?"
and carrying disease along their course to the ocean.

An important feature of this system of sewerage is the
construction of a separating basin at the highest point on
Hospital Hill possible, being now constructed, and is six-
ty feet long, about six feet wide, and ten feet deep, with
numerous compartments substantially built of brick, laid
in cement, under ground. (See plan attached.) By this
means the sewage will pass into the pipes and drains free
from all clogging matter, a great improvement over the usual
method of distribution. The plan contemplates a stone
drain, similar to those in the fifteen acre lot, to extend
around the Hospital hill on a level with the top of the
separating basin, so that the sewage may be turned either
way as may appear necessary for the better distribution of
it. By this plan it is hoped that the fifty acres on the slope
of the hill may receive the benefit of sewage irrigation.
It is gratifying to the committee to be able to present
to the society so much of progressive agriculture, as the
report of the conduct of this farm offers. For which, we
make the merited award of the society's premium of thirty
dollars.

Benjamin P. Ware.

James P. King.

C. C. Blunt.

Geo. B. Bradley.

John M. Danforth.

J. Q. Evans.

REPORT ON FARM OPERATIONS. DANVERS
LUNATIC HOSPITAL, NOV. 1, 1893.

To THE COMMITTEK ON FaRMS, EsSEX AgRICCTLTURAL

Society.
Grentlemen :

111 asking your committee to pass judgment upon the
operations of the Danvers Lunatic Hospital farm the man-
agement desires you to consider the following points, viz :

1st. The improved farm buildings.

2nd. Stock raising.

3rd. Products of the farm and garden.

4th. Reclaiming wild land.

5th. Improved sewerage and irrigation system.

IMPROVED FARM BUILDINGS.

Two years ago the plan to raise on the i^remises all the
milk required for hospital use was decided upon. Prev-
ious to that time about one half the milk consumed in the
hospital had been purchased from neighboring farmers at
an average annual cost of about #3,000.00.

Additional stable room for 70 cows became necessary,
and re-fitting the old barn seemed unadvisable for the rea-
son that bovine tuberculosis had existed in the stock for.
several years.

The new cow stable is a monitor roof, one story, L, 120
feet long.

This arrangement insures quiet for the cows and an at-
mosphere comparatively free from floating dust.

The cows are ranged in two lines facing each other,
their heads being 14 feet apart.

The stanchions (chain swivel) in use permit great free-
dom of motion.

150

The mangers are simple V shaped depressions in the
floor. Twice a day a valve is turned and a stream of
water flows through the entire length of the manger and is
finally conducted into an outside drain. By this plan one
man can water all the cattle in the barn, 125 head, witliin
15 minutes. The floor upon which the cows stand is per-
fectly flat. The hind feet of the animals when standing,
rest upon the Stewart self-cleaning stable grate. These
grates cover a tight trench made of plank, •> ft. wide and
2 ft. deep, sufficiently large to hold the dropping, for from
10 to 14 days. All the solid and liquid manure falls
through the grating. At least once a day dry loam, always
kept on hand, is sifted upon the contents of the trench to
absorb liquids and obviate foul odors. Ground plaster is
also used in the same way. No straw is used for litter, so
the grates never clog. This system keeps all the fertilizing
properties of the manure under perfect control, and there
need be no loss whatever. It insures perfect cleanliness of
the animals and the purity of the milk.

When the trenches are filled, a trap in the bottom at a
central point is raised and the contents, on being pushed
to the opening, fall into a cart set below, to be taken directly
into the field.

349 cords of this full-strength manure were removed
from the trench during the year.

It was found best to allow the excess of urine to drain
into pans and a lead lined tank on wheels set in the base-
ment, rather than attempt to absorb it all by the use of
loam. The tank holds about 500 gallons and as this is
filled only once in ten or twelve days by the 70 cows, it is
certain that the larger part of the urine is absorbed by the
earth and other solid, or semi-solid, contents of the
trenches.

When tlie liquid tank is full, it is drawn out and dis-
charged through a sprinkler upon grass land. The grass
thus stimulated makes a surprisingly vigorous growth and

151

no farmer who has once observed the results of this method
woukl rest easy so long as his barn liquids were allowed to
leach away to no purpose. The re-modelled stables for
young stock and oxen are fitted with the same self-cleaning
grates. When care is exercised in shoeing oxen they soon
learn to handle their feet on these grates without tearing
off shoes.

PIGGERY.

The new piggery containing 60 pens was designed to se-
cure dry floors and perfect ventilation. An iron grate,
Steward's self- cleaning, 4x4 feet, is inserted in the floor of
each pen. Through these grates liquids, manure and foul
cold air fall to the cellar below. A steady downward
draft can be maintained in cold weather, as air is excluded
from the cellar except as it passes through the grates and
the circulation is kept up by a foul air lifting shaft which
opens (bell shape) 2 feet above cellar bottom at its lowest
point and runs up (6 feet square) through the roof of the
building. This shaft is heated by an iron smoke pijje, from
the boiler fire box, which passes up through the entire
length of the shaft.

In warm Aveather when all the doors and windows are
open the air currents are reversed and a strong up draught
is maintained tlirough the grate in each pen giving great
comfort to the hogs.

Hot water pipes for heating enter half the pens, so a
comfortable temperature can be maintained in winter.

The cellar floor is made of concrete and pitched 3 feet in
the length of the building.

This incline accelerates the current of cold foul air along
the cellar floor towards the mouth of the foul air lifting
shaft. It also causes the liquids to gravitate to the low
point where a trap and drain pipe lead to an outside tank
or compost heap. Experiments will be made to prove the
value of liquids thus collected when sprinkled upon grass
land.

152

HENNERY.

A hennery 198 feet long has been located in the rear of
the piggery, also a brooder 40 feet long fitted with hot
water pipe from the piggery. A boiler has also been set
up near at hand. There are no original fixtures or com-
bination of fixtures in these hen and chicken houses, but
an attem})t has been made to adopt the most approved
plans.

2nd, stock raising.

The management of the farm stock has been in the hands
of Gains H. Barnes.

Three years ago raising promising heifer calves with a
view to improve our herd of milch cows assumed consider-
able importance. By the aid of our accurate milk record
the best cows are easily detected and by keeping pure
blood bulls successful results can be pretty safely assured.

We have kept Holstein and Ayrshire bulls. On the
average one heifer calf a month is selected to be raised.

The cows are mostly grade Holsteins, but there are a
few full blooded Holstein cows.

Oct. 31, 1893, the farm stock was made up as follows :

100 cows.

36 heifers, from 1 to 3 years old.

1 Holstein bull.

10 horses.

85 brood sows.

350 pigs.

9 yoke of oxen.

The value of the stock increased $1800 during the past
year.

Management of the farm, the farm buildings, stock, farm
proper, land clearing, grading, etc., is under the supervis-
ion of Gaius H. Barnes, head farmer.

The vegetable garden and horticultural department are
under the supervision of Ettore Tassinari, gardener.

153

The most valuable product of the farm is milk. During
the past year 243,837 quarts were produced, which at 4
cents per quart, was worth $9,753.00. The quality of the
milk was excellent. At no time during the winter had it
any peculiar barn flavor or odor.

Because of the many changes in individual cows during
the year, poor ones being disposed of and new ones being
purchased, as opportunity offered or required, it would be
manifestly unfair to assume that the 100 cows now on hand
have been contributing to the whole amount of milk for
the whole year, and yet estimated upon that basis the daily
average for each day of the year is about 7 quarts for each
cow. As a matter of fact the number of patients in the
hospital rapidly increased the last quarter, necessitating the
purchase of many new cows late in the year.

MONTHLY MILK PRODUCT.

1892.

1893.

October

Aggregate.

19,358.87

Daily average.

624.48

Daily average for
each cow.

8.67 qts.

November

17,914.37

597.14

8.18

December

19,436.84

676.94

8.47

January

20,346.19

688.59

8.41

Februar}'

19,334.18

690.50

9.72

March

20,004.01

645.29

8.60

April

18,137.58

604.58

7.55

May

20,590.56

664.21

8.40

June

20,068.64

702.28

9-36

July

20,885.56

673.73

9.35

August

22,218.81

716.73

8.43

September

24,542.00

818.00

8.60

243,837.61
Total daily average per cow, 8.64

HAY.

120 tons of good English hay were cut and stored prev-
ious to July 15th.

154

Because of the early drought, the 2d crop of hay was
light, only 15 tons being stored. During the season 125 tons
of green fodder — ^grass, rye, barley, oats and peas — were
cut, and fed immediately to the cows in the barn. 25 4-5
tons of good hay were cut in June, and 7 1-2 tons of 2d crop
in August, from one lot of 9 acres, being an average of 3 2-8
tons per acre. This land received no dressing during the
year.

The largest quantity per acre, and the best in quality of
all the hay cut came from a small lot seeded the previous
year at the last hoeing of the ensilage corn, then gi-owing
there.

Some experiments with top dressing were undertaken.

TOP DRESSING WITH ASHES.

The grass on the lawn surrounding the hospital had run
out, and it was desirable to bring in new growth without
ploughing.

In the early spring four acres were cut up by running a
dice harrow several times over it. Ashes, 100 bushels to
the acre, were then spread, grass seed was sown, and
the whole rolled down. In June a fine crop of hay, aver-
aging 2 tons to the acre, was cut from that land.

Of course we expect even better returns the coming
season horn the same land.

COMMERCIAL TOP DRESSING.

Other sections of the same la^vn were treated Avith grass
fertilizei-s. Three varieties were used in sections side by
side. The hay grown in carefully selected half acres in
each section was weighed with following results:

Bradley's Fertilizer section 2120 lbs.

Bowker's " " practically same.

Odorless " " much less.

SEEDING DOWN WITH ASHES.

2 3-4 acres planted with potatoes on Bradley's ferti-
lizer in the spring, were seeded down with rye and grass seed

155

in the fall of 1S91. after ashes at the rate of 100 bushels to
the acre had been applied. A good crop of rye followed
in 1892. and from the same land Julv 1. ISOo" 16.711 lbs.
dried hay were cut. this being at the rate of 3 tons. 451 lbs .
per acre.

ENSILAGE.

20 acres — yield 4^0 tons.

Land was j^repared as follows :

10 cords of manure, (mostly from horee stable.^ to the
acre were ploughed under.

Leaming corn was planted Avith phosphate, 400 lbs. per
acre, between the 30th of May and the 15th of June.

Bradleys fertilizer was used on 1-2 the field.

Bowker's •• the other half.

*150 days" labor (^man), and 100 days' labor of team (^man
and two horses.) were requu-ed to plant, cultivate, harvest
and put in silo the 400 tons ensilage.

*This is only hired help aud some of the work usiV* done by hospital
patients.

POTATOES.

5 acres of land in 4 lots. Whole yield — 886 bush. 1st lot>
5-8 of an acre, (in garden) early potatoes, transplanted from
cold frame. May 1st. Dug in July, yield 156 bushels.
April 1st, the seed was placed 5 inches apart on a bed of coal
ashes. A light covering of loam was sprinkled over the seed.
As rapidly as the tops came thi'ough the earth, additional
loam was sprinkled over them, until there were from two
to three inches of earth held together by a mass of rootlets.

It was a late season, and too dry at a critical time for a
heaAW yield, but the experiment shows that it is possible
to get early potatoes two weeks sooner by tliis, than the or-
dinary method of planting.

2d lot, 5-8 acre, (in garden) planted the usual way the
Tth of May. Dug in August, yield 146 bush. The land
in both lots was prepared as follows : 8 cords stable
manure to each acre were ploughed in and 200 lbs. Bradley's
potato manure, to the acre, was used.

156

Immediately after the potatoes were dug, on 1st lot, cab-
bages were planted, on 2d, turnips were planted.

3d lot (on farm).

3 acres yield 412 bu. The turf on this lot was well
broken up and pulverized with disc harrow in May. The
lot was divided into 3 portions of an acre each.

15 bags Bradley's Fertilizer costing $24^ were applied to
1 acre, yield 147 luish. 14 bags jNIopes Manure, costing
•f 28, applied to 1 acre, yield 135 bush.

20 bags Bowker's Fertilizer, costing $32, were applied to
1 acre, which j^ielded 130 bushels of potatoes.

Aside from the use of different fertilizers, the land was
treated alike. The drought came at a critical time, pre-
venting a full crop.

Cost of Fertilizers for whole field, $76.

€ost of Labor for whole field, $50.

These potatoes were planted and dug with machines.

4th Lot (on farm). 1 acre pasture-land broken up and
planted in June — 6 cords of compost from piggery, saw-
dust, &c., and 8 bags of Mope's Manure were applied to the
acre, — yield 975 bu.

ONIONS. (Garden.)

Land 1 325-1000 of an acre, — yield 1434 bush.

This equals 1082 bush, to the acre.

14 cords mixed stable manure to the acre were ploughed
under early in the spring. At time of planting 1600 lbs.
of Bradley's Fertilizer were applied. Seed was sown
April 12tli. The machine threw the seed freely, and
used about 6 lbs. to the acre. Doubtless the liberal use of
seed is a necessary requirement to secure a large crop.

Onions throughout the whole field grew to a fine size
and fully ripened.

The quality of the crop was excellent.

One bushel sent to Mass. Horticultural Exhibition took
1st prize on this i)oint.

Sworn statements as regards size of lield, number of
bushels, &c., are hereto appended.

p:iHii'i^jAjMM>^M^i^i%iy^'ft^

,'«•,' f-S

i,;i.«V-

y-' ■ V . ...

'?

-■\v'

(•snr-;

.)•

Vb<

\

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157

A photograph of the onion field was taken, and is he re
with submitted.

I hereby certify that I surveyed the Danvers Hospital
Onion Bed, and that it measured 1 325-1000 acre.

Andrew Nichols.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Essex, ss. Danvers, Oct. 31, 1893.

Then personally appeared the said Andrew Nichols, and
made oath that the foregoing deposition by him subscribed
is true.

Before me,

Webster F. PuTxNTAM, Justice of the Peace.

I hereby certif}^ that one thousand four hundred and
thirty four (1434) bushels of onions grew this year in the
Danvers Hospital Onion Bed which was measured by Mr.
Nichols.

Ettore Tassinari.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Essex, ss. Danvers, Oct. 31, 1893

Then personally appeared the said Ettore Tassinari, and
made oath that the foregoing deposition by him subscribed
is true.

Before me,

Andrew Nichols, Justice of the Peace.

CABBAGES. (Garden.)
Land 2 1-4 acres — yield 22000 good heads.
The land for early cabbages was prepared as follows: 10

cords stable manure and 400 lbs. Bradley's Potato Manure

were applied to each acre.

Cabbages were set out aftei' early potatoes were dug in

the same lot.

158

The whole crop was satisfactory, having firm, large heads.
Specimens took 2d and 3d prizes at Mass. Horticultural
Exhibition.

PEAS. (Garden.)
1 2-3 acre yielded 289 bush. 10 cords of manure per acre
were used. Planted April 15tli. Squashes and Tomatoes
were raised on same land for 2d crop.
BEANS. (Garden.)
1 acre — planted May 12 — yield 289 bush.
Same land was planted with squash seed, May 20.

PARSNIPS. (Garden.)
1 acre, yield 700 bushels.

CARROTS. (Garden.)
i acre, yield 450 bushels.

BEETS. (Garden.)
h acre, yield 600 bushels.

Land for parsnips, carrots and beets was prepared as
follows. 8 cords of stable manure to the acre were ploughed
under in early spring.

TURNIPS. (Garden.)
As soon as potatoes were dug, 1000 lbs. Bradley's pota-
to manure were applied to each acre and seed was put in.
Yield 600 bushels.

MANGLES. (Farm.)
50 tons.

SWEET CORN. (Garden.)
1 1-2 acres, — yield 5,000 dozen ears.
10 cords of manure per acre were ploughed in, and 400
lbs. Bradley's phosphate were dialled in with corn. The
field was planted in sections. 10 days elapsing between
the planting of each section. The corn gradually became
fit for the table through a period of two montlis at least.
TOMATOES. (Garden.)
2-3 acre, yield 600 bushels ripe, 200 bushels green toma-
toes. Plants were set between rows of peas and beans,
May 15.

159

SQUASHES.

1st lot, (garden) yield 11,490 lbs.

2nd lot, (farm) on new pasture land broken up in June.
I acre was planted 25th June, about 5 cords cow stable
manure having been applied, yield 3 tons of good squashes.
CUCUMBERS. (Garden.)
Cucumbers and })ickles, 150 bushels.

liADiSHES. (Garden.)
11 bushels.

SPINACH. (Garden.)
154 bushels.

LETTUCE.

415 bushels. At least three fourths of it was raised under
glass.

COST OF FARM OPERATIONS.

It is impossible to make close figures with regard to
cost of farm labor here as there are from 25 to 30 patients
employed on outside or farm work.

FLORICULTURE.

As must be well known to your Committee, Mr. Tassi-
nari has, besides the vegetable garden, a greenhouse and a
large number of flower beds to care for.

The flower beds this year aggregated one solid acre, and
at least 35,000 plants were required to fill tlie beds and
execute the floral designs.

Roses, pinks, etc. in abundance have been furnished the
hospital wards throughout the year from the greenhouse.
Fine roses averaging 6 dozen a day were cut through the
winter. About one half the labor on the flowers has been
performed by patients.

RECLAIMING LAND.

All our efforts at reclaiming land for the past eighteen
months have been applied to the fifteen acre lot at the foot
of the hill Ivino' northwest of the barn and the o-as house.

160

This land has been cleared of trees, brush and stones.
Probably no piece of land in tlu county, more densely cov-
ered with large and small stones, was ever cleared for til-
lage purposes.

The stones removed and piled up weigh 7000 tons.
However the committee have seen this field and appreciate
how near completion is the work of clearing. It
seems certain that the whole will be cultivated another
season. In connection with this labor of reclaiming, another
plan has been decided upon, namely a Sewage and
Irrigation System.

SEWAGE.

Sewage disposal has been a vexed question at Dan vers
from the time the hospital was located.

The original plan to discharge all the hospital sewage
through a direct main into the Ipswich river, one mile west
of the buildings, was forbidden by a special act of the legis-
lature before the hospital was opened for patients.

A plan for downward filtration was then adopted. About
one acre of land near the barn was thoroughly under-
di-ained by tile.

Upon this irrigation bed the sewage was discharged in-
termittingly b}^ an elaborate system of tanks, sluice cham-
bers, and wooden troughs. After a few months use the
scheme became a failure, partly for the reason, no doubt,
that the bed was not large enough.

However that may have been, the plan was not consid-
ered feasible and the wooden troughs were removed to
the brow of the hospital hill and joined end to end making a
continuous line about one mile long.

By the use of simple gates, sewage could be made to
flow over the top at any point upon the sloping fields
below. In this way surface irrigation could be applied to
about forty acres of land. The proper management of
this system required pretty constant attention and while
for short periods, liquid thus distributed improved the f er-

161

tility of tlie land, for the greater part of the year it was a
piaiii nuisance upon the clay soil of the hospital hillside.

The next step involved the purchase of a field about one
mile distant, upon the surface of which the sewage was
poured for about five years.

The soil being of a light gravelly sort it answered the
purpose for a time, at least the sewage was out of sight.

Recently the owners of adjoining property have com-
plained of the injury done their land by the volume of wa-
ter which flows over their borders and it seems necessary
to make a radical change. If the town and cities lying be-
tween the ocean and this hospital would combine with us to
build a trunk sewer to deep water, our share of the expense
might be considered well invested. But as there is no prob-
ability that a trunk sewer will be built through this section
of Essex Count}^ steps will be taken to dispose of our sew-
age on a piece of new land through a process of sub-sur-
face irrigation.

Fifteen acres of rough pasture land have been cleared of
trees, brush and stones. Through this land three lines of
10 inch drain tile surrounded with beds of stones have
been laid 5 feet below the surface. The whole held event-
ually, one-half immediately, will be filled with blind ditches
about 15 feet apart. These ditches will be dug 4 feet deep
and 2 feet wide. An open space 8X8 inches at the bottom
will be formed by stone with small stone piled above. Earth
will be filled in for the upper 18 inches.

There will be from 5 to 7 miles of such ditches in all.
The ditches will be built in plots, no two ditches connect-
ing except by a tight jointed pipe at the top level of stones.

Sewage will be received into and distributed from a tank
at the highest point of the field. Seventeen lines of 4 inch
pipe radiating to all parts of the field leave this tank at the
same level thus insuring the distribution of the liquid
evenly throughout the field.

Each radiating line terminates in its individual plot emp-
tying into the blind ditch on the highest level in the plot*

162

When the first ditch is filled with sewage to the top line of
stones, the connecting pipe will conduct the surplus to the
next lower ditch. In order to promote the purification of
the sewage as well as increase its value as a fertilizer, these
blind ditches will he ventilated. iVt the dead ends of each
ditch a hand hole will he brought to the surface, the external
opening of whicli will probably be reduced to a diameter of
2 inches. A tube or chimney stack will be erected over the
man hole of the distributing tank at the center of the field.
This tank is located at the highest part of the field and Avill
be filled with warm sewage, so there seem to be all the
requisite natural conditions to insure circulation of air in at
the dead end manholes along the main distributing pipes to
the distributing tank.

The shaft will be 20 feet high, more or less, as required
to promote free ventilation in connection with an intermit-
tent flow of sewao-e.

By this method it is expected the sub-soil of the whole
field will be constantly saturated and act as a filter and that
practically pure Water will percolate into the under
drains. This system would seem to promise great agricul-
tural returns as an irrigation scheme. We hope to properly
clarify our sewage and obtain the most surprising crops
of grass, corn or vegetables from this field. The field is al-
already partly ditched.

If kitchen grease, solid matter and sludge can be sepa-
rated from the sewage and kept from these blind ditches,
this system of sewerage will certainly solve our trouble
over sewage disposal when a sufficiently large field shall
have been ditched.

To accomplish the screening process a new separating
tank, about 50 feet long will be built of brick according to
plans by, and under the direction of Mr. F. L. Union, engi-
neer of the Union Construction Co., Boston, who holds pat-
ents upon sewage tanks. Mr. Union also superintends the
ditching and pipe laying in the field.

163

Diagrams of separating tank, ditches with connecting
pipe and fiekl plots are herewith submitted.

Charles W. Page.
Danvers, Nov. 1, 1893.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON ESSAYS AND
FARM ACCOUNTS.

The committee have had an unusual amount of manu-
script submitted to them this year, some of which they
have been obliged to decline, not because it was uninter-
esting, but because it did not come strictly within the
rules by which the committee are controlled. The com-
mittee find it to be an unpleasant duty to return manu-
script which is the result of much thought and labor, but
it is necessary to do so when their instructions do net en-
able them to accept it.

The only "Statement" submitted to the committee is
that of George A. Rogers, of North Andover, upon ''The
Comparative Value of Crops as Food for Cattle." For
this valuable paper the committee award the first prem-
ium of ten dollars.

The committee have awarded the first premium of fif-
teen dollars to Dr. J. W. Goodell, of Lynn. Under the
title of "The Possibilities of Ten Square Rods" the essay-
ist teaches the doctrines that in New England, now-a-days,
the farmer can obtain better results from a small area, well
tilled, than from a large area cultivated in the old ways.
This is doubtless true. It has been shown by experience
and experiment that, with the use of modern improve-
ments in tools and fertilizers, "Ten Square Rods" will
yield more profit than was got from the same area in
former times. This would certainly be so in a county
like Essex, where large markets are near at hand, and the
best prices can be obtained for agricultural products.
Essex county is now the most populous county in the

164

state, except Suffolk, and its large cities, Lynn, Lawrence,
Salem, Nevvburyport and Haverhill, by their handy mar-
kets and large demands stimulate "market-gardening,"
and make a few rods, scientifically treated, more valuable
than broad acres are in sparsely settled regions. The case
may be different outside of New England, in the agricul-
tural states. Doubtless in the Dakotas, for instance, large
farms cultivated by machinery, rather than small patches
of vegetables and fruits, cultivated by hand, are better
adapted to their conditions. Dr. Goodell's essay contains
some excellent suggestions.

The second premium of ten dollars is awarded to Geo.
A. Rogers, of North Andover, for his essay upon "Farm
Bookkeeping — its Necessity." The suggestions in this
essay are excellent. No business whatever can be carried
on with safety or profit without a true account of it be-
ing constantly kept. The simpler the account is the bet-
ter, for usually farmers are too busy to do much bookkeep-
ing— but they can keep memoranda in proper form, if the
details are not made too cumbersome. Mr. Rogers states
what points, in his opinion, should be covered.
Respectfully,

G. L. Streetei;, Chairman.
Committee:— Gilbert L. Streeter, Salem ; D. E Safford,
Hamilton ; N. M. Hawkes, Lynn; G. R. Rlodgette,
Rowley ; J. M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

THE POSSIBILITIES OF TEN SQUARE RODS.

BY J. W. GOODELL, M. D., OF LYNN.

Many years ago, we remember to have read an article
in some agricultural paper, entitled, " Ten acres enough,"
and the substance of that paper has been often called to
mind, by the frequent lamentations which come from the
rural agriculturist, with his boundless acres of unproduc-
tive land.

165

There appears to be an uncontrolable desire on the
part of many of our farming fraternity to possess all that
adjoins them.

Not for its intrinsic worth, or the desire or expectation
of utilizing the same, or for speculative motives. In fact
the owners themselves could give no good reason for con-
tinually spreading out instead of concentrating their fences.
They even do not appear to have taken into considera-
tion the cost of fencing their endless domain. We feel
assured that we speak within the bounds of truth and
facts, when we declare that there are thousands of acres
in N. E. which was never worth the cost of enclosure.
In fact it was never designed for any other purpose than
to help hold the world together. We believe if all the
farmers who are now trying to cultivate from thirty to
fiftj'' acres, should put all their fertilizer and labor onto
one-half, or even one-fourth of the land, their net in-
comes would be materially increased. That which would
have been considered farming land twenty-five or thirty
years ago, would not be considered such at the present
time. The hand labor of those days could be used to ad-
vantage among the stumps, rocks and on the steep hill-
sides, at ten to twelve dollars per month, or fifty to
seventy-five cents per day, with one dollar in hay time.
But with the present price of labor, such land could be
tilled only at a loss. Divers machines have been brought
into use to do this labor, but the land must be cleared of
stumps and rocks and made smooth. Even with all of these
modern inventions to assist the farmer in making and
harvesting his crops, on the prairie land of the far west,
where nature has prepared the land for the machines,
the results are not encouraging.

We find by the crop reports of 1893, that the average
yield of wheat is only 11.3 bushels per acre. Barley 21.7,
and oats 23.5 bushels. Certainly this cannot leave a
satisfactory dividend, after deducting all necessary ex-

166

penditures. We have no doubt that if all the labor was put
onto one half the land, the net profit would be increased.
These desirable results cannot be obtained by indifferent
methods of cultivation, or a limited amount of fertilizer.
All plant food must be saved and utilized, not, at is too
often the custom throughout the rural districts, thrown
out onto the ground, to be washed, leached and dried
until it is hardly worth the cost of hauling onto the field.

The first requisite for successful farming in N. E. is a
good high open barn cellar, with cement bottom, high
and open, that a tip cart may be driven in and dumped.
When the agricultural chemist tells you that the liquid
excrement of the animal is of about twice the value of
the solid, you will comprehend the vital importance of the
cement or clay puddled bottom, where the perfect Com-
posting of all refuse can be done. Frequent forking over
will hasten and assist fermentation, which will kill many
of the foul seeds, and save you much labor in the field.

If after each forking over, the pile should be sprinkled
with a little land plaster, much of the ammonia would be
prevented from going to waste.

By this method you will obtain a perfect plant food,
at much less cost, than from the venders of commercial
fertilizer in the market. The best results from com-
mercial fertilizers is obtained by applying in the hill or
while the crop is growing, a little at each time of culti-
vation.

Whatever kind of fertilizer is used, it should be thor-
oughly incorporated with the soil as soon as possible
after its application.

Within a few years we have noticed certain agricultural
writers advocating the method of hauling green manure
direct from the stable in winter, and spreading it on the
ground or snow, as the case may be. This method may
be penny tvise, but it is certainly pound foolish.

A little time and labor may be saved, but it is indeed a
small compensation for the great loss by drying winds

167

and soaking rains. If the ground be frozen hard, most of
the liquid from leaching cannot soak into the ground,
but flows off into the streams and is lost.

In the matter of fall plowing, we have noted that
the custom is growing in favor and should be encouraged.
If done at the proper time, one object of this fall plowing
is first, to help on the spring work, second to leave the
ground in such a condition that the frost shall do as much
as possible in pulverizing the hard lumps of earth, third,
and we consider the most important, the turning up of
worms and their eggs, to the full action of frost, sun and
rain.

This work should be done as late as possible. If done
too early, the fall rains will pack the earth, and the worms
will regain vitality sufficient to burrow themselves again
where they will be uninjured by the action of frost, and
very little will be gained.

The plowing and preparing of the soil for the seed, is
a matter of vital importance; we object to the proportion
of the furrows of the average farmer, too lonji and too
wide for its depth. Don't be afraid to turn up at each
plowing a little of the virgin soil. Neither will the old
cut and cover method answer the present demand.

The seed bed should be made mellow and deep, before
the planting is done. Then the roots of the young plants
will soon fill all the space given them, in quest of nour-
ishment. Your deep cultivation is done, and all future
treatment consists in keeping the top of the ground light
and free from weeds. Remember that it costs as much to
grow one big hog weed as a whole hill of corn and potatoes.

Not many days ago we passed a field which had been
highly fertilized, probably with green stable manure, and
the hog weeds had grown so thick and high that it was
impossible to tell what crop the field had been planted to.

Three men with two pairs of horses and harrows were
trying to subdue the weeds sufficiently to run the plow.

168

The men were riding on the harrows across the field, then
lifting the harrows, and leaving a great winro w of weeds on
the borders, most of the weed seeds must have been left
on the field to be plowed in, not less then ten bushels to
the acre. If this man does not raise a premium crop of
hog weeds for next season, it will not be because he has
not done all in his power to produce that result. It was
a clear case of too large a farm.

Perfect composting of the fertilizers used, and frequent
light surface cultivation, would have saved all this, and
the disappointment which it entailed.

Many of our vegetables, in fact most of them, receive
much of their nourishment from the atmosphere, not only
through their foliage, but the fender rootlets which reach
up to the surface for dew and solar heat.

All plants receive their food in a liquid form only, and
can be kept in a healthy growing condition only by being
supplied with sufficient water.

The damage done by a long continued drouth can alone
be avoided by some system of irrigation, whether it be
running streams, or the use of the wind mill or hand hose.
Most of our progressive market gardeners have seen the
necessity and supplied themselves accordingly, and in-
stead of one half-groum disappoint^nent they raise tn'o and
often three good pajdng crops. His early vegetables are
all started under glass, so as to be put out as soon as the
ground is warm enough. The high prices of the early crop
give a good showing on the balance sheet.

These are some of the conclusions which lead us to be-
lieve fully in the advocacy of the old song, "A little farm
well tilled, and a little barn well filled, etc.''

We believe that the net profits of the average tiller of
Essex Co. soil, is in inverse ratio to the number of acres
gone over.

Certainly when we see one of our city grocers with not
over two acres of tillage land bearing off the lion's share of

169

premiums from the Essex Agricultural Society ^-ear after
year, not only in fruits, but in vegetables, corn, eggs, and
fine colts, as well, we are forced to conclude that it is not
more acres, but better and more thorough cultivation
needed to make Agriculture and Horticulture a satisfactory
and remunerative calling.

It is often said that any man could be a farmer. This
saying we consider obsolete, in this nineteenth century.

A successful tiller of the soil, must be a man of good
general information, wide-awake, thinking, energetic, and
capable of making scientific investigations, and drawing
logical deductions therefrom. Must know, what, when
iiow and where to plant and cultivate, in order to attain
success.

The smaller his plot of land the more the need of
brains and untiring watchfulness, from the time his plants
show themselves above the ground, until they are gathered
for the market; not onl}' is the ground full of enemies but
the air as well, iind he must not only be a good worker,
but a good, fighter . ^ He must often exchange the hoe and
the cultivator for the spraying machine, to stop the de.
predations upon his fruit trees, must know what plants
will thrive in partial shade and what ones will only grow
and mature by the aid of the full rays of the noonday
sun. What crop to put on the low land and what on the
high.

These are some of the lessons we have tried to learn
and apply in the cultivation of our little ^'■ten square
rods,^^ and in conclusion will name some of the principal
trees, shrubs, and plants which have grown thereon the
past season, viz. :

12 Pear Trees, 6 Peach, 4 Plum, 2 Apple, 2 Quince,
1 Cherry, 10 Grape Vines, Blackberries, Raspberries
Rhubarb, Asparagus, 24 Hardy Roses, 12 Hardy Phlox,
10 Lilies, 4 Rhododendrons, Lilac, Saringa, Fersythia,
Spirea, Clematis, Snowberry, Polygonum, Honeysuckle,

170

Begonia, Ferns, Pyrus Japonica, Holyhock, Digitalis,
Canterbury Bell, Peony, Pansy, with beds for 200 spring
flowering bulbs, and annuals during summer.

All of these arie in a fairly thrifty growing condition,
having produced an abundant family supply, with fre-
quent donations of fruit and flowers, to gladden the sober
aspects of the sick chamber and an occasional contribution
for the market.

Most of the labor has been performed by our own hands,
as a healthful exercise in the golden hours of the early
morning.

With the spade, hoe, rake, trowel, pruning shears, lawn
mower and hand stone roller at hand, we have had no oc-
casion to seek the gymnasium for muscular development,
or the turkish bath to create a sensible perspiration.

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CROPS AS FOOD
FOR CATTLE.

STATEMENT OF GEO. A. ROGERS, SUPT. COCHICHEWICK
FARM, NO. ANDOVEK, MASS.

To the Trustees of the Essex Agi'icidtiiral Society,

Gentlemen : — We realize the truth of the statement,
that a single experiment in agriculture proves nothing,
and that the only way we can reach correct conclusions,
is by comparing the results of a series of experiments,
nevertheless, the first experiment although it proves noth-
ing itself, is just as necessary as those that follow it.
For several years, no results of feeding experiments have
been submitted to the Society. It should not be so.
We need all the knowledge obtainable to enable us to
make milk profitably at present prices. I herewith sub-
mit the results of an experiment made in Jan., Feb., and
March, 1893 and trust that others will, — now that the
ice has been broken, — go and do likewise. The five

171

cows in the test were registered Ayrshires, their ages and
time of dropping last calf before the experiment, follows.

COW'S na:me. age at coivimenceiment dropped last calf,

OF TEST.

Roxanna 8th 8 yrs. 1 mo. Dec. •20th, '92

Eoxanna 9th 7'years Oct. 7th, '92

Maid Douglass 8 yrs. 5 mos. Jan. 5th, '93

Acorn 14 yrs. 9 mos. Dec. 11th, '92

Nelly Day 11 yrs. 5 mos. Oct. 5th, '92

The test was commenced January 9th and each Ration
was used 10 days. Three days were allowed for change
of food to affect the cows, and in the following table the
number of lbs. of milk given, shows the yield of each
cow, during the last 7 days of each feeding period. The
following table gives each of the 8 Rations used, also the
number of lbs. of milk given by each cow in the last 7
days of each period, the cost of food consumed by each
cow, each day, and the food cost of each quart of milk
produced by each cow, on each ration. Besides the above,
the average cost of a quart of milk, from the 5 cows, on
each ration is given, also the average cost of a quart of
milk during the whole experimental period.

In the accompanying table in computing the cost of ra-
tions, the various foods used were valued at the following
prices per lb. English Hay, Ic, Peas and Oats, 4-5 of
Ic, Shorts, 17-20 of Ic, Cob Meal, 40-56 of Ic, O. P.
Linseed 1 3-20 c, Oat Meal, I 13-32 c. Mowed Oats, 4-5
of Ic, Meadow Hay, 3-5 of Ic, and Mangels at 4 cts. per
peck.

We will now compare results found in the table and
see what can be learned. For several weeks previous to
Jan. 9th, we had been feeding the first ration, and the
milk had been costing us 2.724-cts. per quart. We raise
a lot of mangels and usually commence to feed them in
December, 8 quarts to each cow per day. By substitut-

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173

ing the above amount of mangels in place of the morning
feed of grain in the 2nd ration, the cost of each quart of
milk was reduced 3-50 of 1 cent. But the quantity di-
minished 33.9 quarts at 3 1-2 c. per quart, the decrease in
quantity amounted to $1.18-|- while the reduction in cost
per quart amounted to $2.14i-{-. By substituting the
peck of mangels worth 4 cts. in place of 7 5-7 cts. worth
of grain, the actual shrinkage which is all the time going
on was offset, and a gain in profit of -f 1.56 was made with
the 5 cows on 7 days milk. Our mangels actually cost
us but 2 cts. per peck and if I had figured them at that
price they would have made a still better showing in the
ration. But all other foods are figured at market rates,
hence the mangels should be, and the profit of 8 cts. per
bushel appears in my accounts where it belongs, viz., Cr.
to the mangel crop. Enthusiastic dairymen would rob their
crops of all profit, and place them in their rations at cost
and thus swell the profits of milk production, but such a
course is misleading. The<p,ctual cost of a quart of milk
on ration No. 2, was 2.66-|- c. Finding our suppl};- of
hay running short and believing that our cows were con-
suming more than they could assimilate, we reduced the
ration of hay in the 3rd period to 16 lbs. per day. The
average cost of a quart of milk on this ration was 2.43-j-
c, a saving of 23-100 of 1 cent from the cost of a quart in
ration No. 2. The quantity diminished 12 quarts, and at
3 1-2 cents per quart amounted to 42 cents, while the sav-
ing, resulting from the reduction in cost per quart on
what was given, amounted to 94.5 cents. Here is an in-
stance where by saving hay, we increased the profit.
We cut the hay ration down to 16 lbs. per day on the
balance of our cows, and by so doing believe that we saved
enough to pay the cost of this feeding experiment many
times. We are satisfied that the average cow, if given a
chance, will eat more than she can assimilate, and profit-
ably convert into milk. At the same time we believe

174

that the majority of cows iu Essex County, are underfed
and are not forced up to the point from whence come'^
the greatest profit. There is a golden mean and that is
what we want to find. In the fourth pferiod, English
hay was left out, and twenty lbs. of mowed oats for tlie
first five days and 20 pounds of peas and oats for the
last five days were substituted. The same amount of
grain and mangels were fed, as in rations No. 2 and 3.
The mowed oats alone gave 10 per cent, more milk than
did the peas and oats. After two years experimenting, I
must say that I find dried pea vines a poor stock food.
This together with the fact, that the oats stood 10 days
too long, waiting for the peas to get in condition to cut,
accounts for the 10 per cent, reduction. The average cost
of a quart of milk in period No. 4, was 2.48+c. Com-
paring period No. 4, with period No. 2, we find that by
substituting the 20 lbs. of oats and peas in place of the
20 lbs. of hay, that the cost of a quart of milk was re-
duced 22-100 of 1 cent, while the quantity given dimin-
ished 14.4 qts. The loss on quantity at 3 1-2 c. qt.
amounted to 50.4 cents, while the amount gained by the re-
duction of cost per qt. was 87.2 c. From the foregoing,
it is evident that mowed oats at ilG.OO per ton, can be
profitably substituted in place of good hay, when the latter
is •'ii<20.00 per ton. Cattle tire of an oat fodder diet easily
however, and will not do as well on it for a month, as
they will for a week. Mowed oats can be used to the
best advantage by feeding once each day, and when so fed
in connection with English hay, I consider them worth
118.00 per ton, when hay costs 820.00. In the fifth period,
we put the 5 cows in the test, back on to 20 lbs. of Eng-
lish hay, continued to feed the peck of mangels, and in
place of 4 lbs. of linseed, 2 lbs. cob meal and 2 lbs. of
shorts, we fed during the first 5 days, 4 lbs. of oats and 3
lbs. of shorts, and in the last 5 days, 3 lbs. of oats and 3
lbs. cob meal. The oats and shorts gave the best results.
The average cost of a quart of milk, during the fifth

175

period was, 2.87+0., an increase over ration No. 2, of
21-100 of 1 cent. The decrease in quantity was 13.4 qts.
amounting at 3 1-2 cents per qt. to 46.9 cents. The
increase in costof milk produced amounted to 80.5 c. The
change of grain increased the price per qt. and di-
minished the yield. In the sixth ration, the same
amounts and kinds of grain were given as in ration No. 1.
The English hay was left out and 15 lbs. of meadow hay,
cut and steamed, was substituted in its place. The cost
of a quart of milk on the sixth ration was 2.43-i-c., 29-
100 of 1 cent less than on ration No. 1. The decrease in
quantity from the first period was 95.8 qts. worth $3,344-,
while the gain by the reduced price of each quart was
'f l.Ol-f-. A quart of milk was produced the cheapest on
the meadow hay, but the decreased yield offsets this gain
by $2.30. From this test it is evident that common
meadow hay is not worth over $10.00 per ton or half as
much as English. Fed with the same amount of grain
as English hay, the total yield will decrease, but the cost
per quart will be reduced in like proportion, so that the
results will be the same. Our cows would not eat over
15 lbs. of the meadow hay, not being accustomed to it.
Much has been said about the advantages of warming
water for stock, and to test this point as Avell as to deter-
mine how much the natural shrinkage had been during
the 80 days of the test, we gave the cows during the 7th
and 8th periods, just the same rations as during the first
period. In the seventh period, the water was warmed to
60° Fall, and in the eighth, it was used just as it came
from the pipes. The average cost of a quart of milk in
the seventh period, was 3.05 cents and in the eighth, 3.02
cents, undoubtedly the reduction of 3-100 of 1 cent on the
cost per quart was occasioned by having a settled ration
for 20 continuous days. In the seventh period, 882 lbs.
of milk were given and in the eighth, 883 1-2 lbs. With
these results, we have nothing for or against warm water.

176

Comparing the first and eighth periods, in which food
and conditions were alike, we find an increase in the cost
per quart of 3-10 of 1 cent and a decrease in quantity of
10 per cent. In the 80 days of the test, the daily yield
of milk decreased 10 per cent. How much of this natu-
ral decrease took place in each feeding period, we cannot
say, being an unknown factor I have left it out, neverthe-
less, its influence has been felt, and in considering the
above figures a small allowance should be made in favor
of the second ration, and this allowance should be in-
creased for each of the following periods until in the
eighth it amounts to 10 per cent. We did not have, nor
could we get, any corn fodder fit to use, at the time we
made the above tests. If we could have got it, we should
have used it. To determine the exact relative value of
the different foods as compared with English hay, it
would be necessary to limit the ration during one period
to nothing but hay and then with the results of that
period, as a basis, compare other foods. This we did not
care to do, as the cows in the test, being used to grain,
would have fallen off in their milk to a point, from which
it would be hard work to get them back. In the table
and in the computations which follow, we have used but
one and two decimal places to save time, and the results
while not mathematically exact, are relatively correct.
The cows came out of the test in good condition.

From the foregoing, it is safe to assert that when good
English hay is worth $20.00 per ton, that mowed oats are
worth "S^IS.OO, and meadow hay 'flO.OO also that mangels
at 16 cents per bushel can be fed profitably, and that the
average cow when fed fair rations of grain, will not use
over 16 lbs. of hay per day to the best advantage.

FARM BOOK-KEEPING.— ITS NECESSITY.

BY GEO. A. EOGERS, OF NO. ANDOVER.

For several years we have been laboring to impress upon
farmers the necessity of keeping an account of their b u

177

ness, and we are glad to see that the majority of farmers
are awaking to this necessity. Unless personal and farm
accounts are kept separately the farmer is apt to use up
more money for personal and family expenses than his labor
would amount to if he performed it for some one else,
and then he complains that his business is unprofitable.
Besides, unless such accounts are kept, there is a liability
that you will have to pay the same account twice, or that
memory will fail you, and that you may overpay an ac-
count that you owe, or may receive less than is due you
on some account. But of more consequence, even than
the foregoing are Crop and Stock accounts. I have known
men who made a fair profit on their crops taken as a whole
(although on certain crops they lost a proportion of what
they made on others), to lose all the profit from their crops
by keeping unprofitable stock. If no account had been
kept, the result at the end of the year would have been
just the same, i. e. the farmer would have come out just
even. Do I hear those who claim that it is useless for
farmers to keep account exclaim, "that is just what we
have always said, accounts are no good anyhow." Let us
see. If no account had been kept, the farmer, at the end
of the year would have known one thing, viz., that he did
not make anything, but for his life he could not have told
you why. He would probably have said, "Farming don't
pay." But with his crop and stock accounts to enlighten
him he finds that he made on his acre of early vegetables
(which for want of space I will not particularize) a
clear profit of $100; on his 2 acres of potatoes a clear
profit (and by profit I mean the net return after deduct-
ing all expense, including labor of himself at its market
value) of $100 more, but that his crop of late cabbage
which he planted in very wet ground, and lost over half
the heads because the plants grew clubfooted, failed to re-
turn as much as it cost him by 820. His corn crop just
paid, that is after allowing full value for the stover for fod-

178

der each bushel of shelled corn cost him the same as he
could buy No. 1 yellow corn for at the grain store (al-
though like all of us N. E. yankees he thought corn of his
own raising a little better than western corn). With the
above crop accounts before him, he tinds that he has in that
branch of his business, besides paying all expenses, and
receiving pay at a fair rate for his own time, made a profit
of^lSO. His cabbage crop was unprofitable. He resolves
next year to put his energy and time into the production
of the most profitable crops and to buy his corn. Here
let me say that I wish no one from the foregoing to con-
clude that he cannot grow corn. Localities and circum-
stances alter cases, and on some other farm corn might be
the most profitable crop that could be raised. Here is
where the utility of crop accounts comes in, every farmer
must experiment for himself and with the aid of his ac-
counts, determine what crops are the most profitable for
him to raise. Now in this certain year, this farmer made
a net profit on his crops of $180, but he kept lii scrub cows.
His stock accounts showed him at the end of 'the year,
that his cows had given him an average of 1.500 qts. each,
this at an average of 3 cents per quart, amounted to -flo
per cow. The cost of feed per cow per year had been $60.
The net loss of $15 on each cow, on the 12, amounted to
$180, or the amount he made on his crops. Of course
there was the manure left, but after putting back as much
fertility as the hay, grain, etc., removed from the soil, and
reckoning out fair wages for caring for the stock, and in-
terest and taxes on and shrinkage of capital invested,
nothing was left. The stock account figures, assured that
man that there was more profit in keeping one good cow
than 12 poor ones, and showed him that it was polic}^ for
him to dispose of his present stock, and get half as many
cows that would give the same amount of milk as the 12.
Accordingly he sold his twelve cows at auction, and add-
ing $100 to the amount received, he invested it in 6 good

179

cows. At the slight increase in cost of grain fed, of ^10
per head, these cows averaged 3000 qts. each, worth ^90
and each returned a profit of $20, making up the first year,
the $)100 extra capital invested, and f 20 more. Now if it had
not been for this man's book-keeping he would have kept
plodding along just even. With his eyes open and his
business before him in exact and comprehensive accounts
he uses the knowledge he has obtained and is soon on the
road to success. To the farmer as well as to other men
knowledge is power.

HOW TO KEEP EARM ACCOUNTS.

The great bugbear in Farm Book Keeping has been the
amount of time necessary to do it. ^ But books can be so
prepared that it will not require over 20 minutes per day
to keep a complete and comprehensive record of one's
business. All cash accounts should be balanced once
each month. Crop and stock accounts need not be
balanced but once each year and this can be done
in the cold stormy days of winter, when your time during
a part of each day is of but little value. To get the best
knowledge of your business it will be necessary for you to
keep the following accounts. First, astrictcash account.
In filling out this account, it will save a vast amount of
labor in making out your farm accounts at the end of the
year, if you put all personal and family expenses in one
column, and all farm expenses in another, and all
receipts from the farm in one column and all receipts
from outside sources in another. In all cases write
plainly the name of the articles bought and sold. Second,
you should keep a credit account that you may remember
whom you owe and who owes you. Third, you should
take an inventory at the commencement of the year and
another at the close, the same to include all resources and
liabilities on each date. Then you will be able to tell
your loss or gain. Fourth, you should keep a separate

180

account with each kind of stock of the amount and value
of food consumed. You should keep a milk record of
your cows, an egg record of your fowls, a pork record of
your hogs, and a labor record of your horses. Then from
the total amount credited to each department, take the
cost of food, care, interest on capital, taxes, etc., add in
the value of manure produced, and the result will be the
profit. The cows should be credited with the milk used
in the family and the hens with all eggs whether used or
sold, and when a pig is put in the pork barrel, the pig
department should be credited with the amount he was
worth and the family charged. An individual milk rec-
ord with the cows enables one to dispose of the least pro-
fitable. I have often noted that a cow that gives a big
mess when fresh and gets the name of the best cow, often
comes to the end of the year several hundred pounds be-
hind some other cow that was considered but ordinary.
Fifth, a separate account with each crop should be kept.
When you have decided to plant a crop, measure the land
it is to occupy. Keep account of the number of cords
and value of fertilizer and manure used. Keep account
of the number of hours labor spent in planting, cultivat-
ing, and harvesting the crop. Add in cost of seed, inter-
est on land, etc. From this amount subtract the value of
the manu^ applied, not used by the crop, as near as you
can estimate it and you have the total cost of the crop.
Unless you know what your crops cost, you cannot in-
telligently set a selling price. Keep account of the num-
ber of bushels or lbs. produced. Divide the total cost by
this number and you have the cost of a bushel or pound.
The only uncertain quantity in crop accounts is the
value of manure left in the soil. Experiments should be
made to determine this point. A part of crop accounts
can be kept in the form of a diary. Each man should
have a space allotted to him each day. It thus becomes
a time account. If any man fails to work, put a cipher

181

in his space. If he weeds beets -3 hours, and plants cab-
bages 7 hours, put the following in his space. "Weeded
beets 3 hours. Planted cabbages 7 hours. This shows
that he worked his full day. A crop account kept in this
way enables us to tell what we were doing on a certain
day the year before, also whether our crops are earlier or
later than the year previous. Kept in this way, the account
is a wonderful aid to memory, for generally when one fact
is recalled, several more associated with it get off the dusty
shelves of memory and come trooping along with it.

In closing, I would add one admonition. Don't attempt
to keep accounts and then give it up. It will come rather
hard at first, but after you have formed the habit, and have
kept them a year, you will find your interest in your busi-
ness increasing, also your bank account. It will not do to
let your accounts go for 2 or 3 days, and then fix them up.
They require a few minutes time each and every day.
Those who have sons and daughters over 12 years of age,
can choose one of them for a book-keeper. The knowledge
of business methods gained will be helpful to them when
they start out for themselves. Only those farmers who
thoroughly understand their business will succeed in the
future. Time spent by a farmer in studying his business
is never wasted. The farmer of the future must let his
head do more and his heels do less. During the last 25
years, thousands of shiftless farmers have just about kept
even. In any other occupation, they would have gone to
the wall. I have always and do now maintain that agri-
culture offers better inducements to young men than any
other occupation, but competition is growing keener each
year, and in the future the "fittest only will survive.''

REPORT OF HERD OF MILCH COWS.

To the Committee on Herd of Milch Coivs.

Gentlemen : — The herd of cows entered by me came
from Vermont, Oct. 18, 1892, with the exception of Jennie
Dean, which I had owned before.

182

They are all grade Jerseys. Jennie Dean is eleven
years old, calved July, 1892, and again June, 1893; Green
Mountain Maid is seven years old, calved in November,
1892; Black Birch is eight j^ears old, calved March 8,
1893 ; Yellow Birch is seven years old, calved in October,
1892 ; Reed's Favorite is five years old, calved in Decem-
ber, 1892.

They were fed nothing but grass until November 6,
1892, after which date and until December 13, 1892,
they were fed hay and one bushel of ensilage a day each.
From December 13, 1892, until May 12, 1893, when
they were turned on ordinary pasture, they were fed four
quarts a day each, of a mixture consisting of one part corn
meal and two parts bran.

Began the same grain ration, Sept. 16, 1893. It will
be seen by dates of calving that some were dry, while
others were giving full flow of milk, but at no time from
December 13, 1892, until August 18, 1893, have they
given less than forty quarts a dsij.

The average is much in excess of that amount, as Green
Mountain Maid gave twenty quarts a day for more than
three months, and Reed's Favorite eighteen, Jennie Dean,
Black Birch, and Yellow Birch, gave never less than
eight quarts a day, until within two months of calving.
The milk was very rich and was chiefly made into
butter.

Yours respectfully,

Thomas Saunders.

REPORT OF NEW MEMBERS.

The total number of new members to Nov. 1, 1893,
was twentj^-eight, including those who, by receiving
awards of seven dollars or upwards, became members un-
der the rule which deducts three dollars from each award

183

to non-members for membership, which membership is for
life, without assessments, and entitles the member to a
voice and vote in the society's business, and a copy of its
annual publication of its Transactions. The following
places furnished the new members :

Bradford, 4 Ipswich, 1

Boxford, 1 Merrimac, 1

Danvers, 2 Methuen, 1

Georgetown, 2 Newbury, 3

Haverhill, 8 Stoneham, 1

West Newbury, i

IN MEMORIAM.

In obtaining the names of members of the society de-
ceased, the Trustee in each town and city was requested
to notify the secretary of the death and age of each mem-
ber deceased, with brief notices of each in printing or
writing, from which the following has been compiled : —

Deacon John K. Cole, of Boxford, died Sept. 10,
1891, at the age of 76 years, 8 months and 24 days. Mr.
Cole was born in Boxford and resided there most of his
life. About the year 1840 he was Captain of a militia
company and was well known in local military circles at
that time. He was deacon of the First Congregational
Church for thirty-eight years, and Superintendent of the
Sunday School for thirty years, selectman and assessor
for several years, and member of the Massachusetts House
of Representatives in 1861.

Deacon Cole was not what the world would call a great,
eminent or brilliant man, but he was one of the best
exemplifications of a plain practical man of good sense,
sound judgment, and responsibility to himself, to his

184

famil3% to the community of which he was a part, and tp
the Infinite Power that created him. His business was
that of a farmer, but he was well known also as a builder
of roads, several of which he constructed in both Boxford
and Topsfield, and which remain to show the substantial
manner in which he did his work.

William H. Wood, of Boxford, died suddenly at his
home, Nov. 6, 1891, at the age of 70 years, 7 months and
21 days. Mr. Wood was a life long resident and farmer.
He had held several responsible town offices, a member of
the Second Congregational Church, and was interested in
the Sunday School for many years. Poor health, caused
by an accident several years ago, rendered him unable to
take any active part in farm work.

James P. Cleveland, of Boxford, died Dec. 24, 1892,
aged 54 years, 7 months. Mr. Cleveland was born in
Byfield, but has been a resident of Boxford for many
years. He owned a large and valuable farm. He has al-
ways taken an active interest in public affairs, was a
kind and obliging neighbor, and a true and genial friend.

Wm. Henry Kinsman, of Ipswich, died Nov. 30,
1891, aged 73 years, 10 months. JNIr. Kinsman had not
■ enjoyed good health for some time, but was around at-
tending to his business, and went to Hamilton on the day
of his death and dropped dead while standing at the door
talking with a friend on his way home. He joined this
society in 1869, was always an interested member and re-
spected b}^ all who knew him.

William Donnison Hodges, M. D., died at Nahant,
Mass., March 8, 1893. Born in Boston, March 9, 1854,
and graduating at Harvard College in 1877, he took his
Medical Degree at the same University in 1880. After a
period of service at the Massachusetts General Hospital

185

he spent several years in Europe, and on his return in
1884, established himself as a physician in Boston. He
practised in summer at Nahant and eventually became a
citizen of that town, identifying himself with its interests,
serving as Town Physician and on the School Board, rep-
resenting the Town in the State Legislature of 1891,
and in the succeeding year becoming a member of the
State Republican Committee. He was a member of the
St. Botolph Club of Boston, of the Oxford Club of Lynn.
Secretary and Treasurer of the Nahant Club, and an
Officer in the St. Andrew Lodge of Free Masons in Bos-
ton. He was a member of the Massachusetts Medical
Society, of the Essex Agricultural Society, of the Ameri-
can Climatological Society, of the Boston Society of
Natural History, and of several other Scientific Associa-
tions. He was greatly interested in matters pertaining
to Sanitation and Meteorology.

For a year or two Doctor Hodges had been in failing
health, and at the time of his death had given up active
medical work. He was a man who endeared himself lo
those with whom he came in contact. His kindness and
cheerfulness won for him friends on all sides, and his loss
leaves a blank in many hearts.

Richard T. Jaques died in Newbury, Nov. 7, 189:^
aged 87 years, 9 months. He was born on the farm on
which he died, in the house beneath the "Old Elm of
Newbury.'' He was a man respected by all, holding
offices of trust for many years. He was a man of good
ability, strong convictions, very positive in his belief, and
one who will be missed by many. He was the most con-
stant attendant, probably, of any man in the County at
the '• Cattle Show," having missed but seven or eightsince
the Society was],formed.

Richard S. Bray, of Newbury, died Feb. 8, 1893, aged
69 years, 9 months, on the farm on which he was born

186

and where he always lived, with the exception of a few
years in his younger days. ]\Ir. Bray was well known to
the members of this Society, always attending " Cattle
Show," and till he gave up keeping oxen, he generally
plowed, and worked at the hill almost always taking one
or more premiums, so that it was a common saying in the
neighborhood that "if Bray and Jaques were going to
plow it was no use for any one else to try." Mr. Bray
was a good neighbor, always ready to do any one a good
turn.

Deacon Joseph Little died in Newbury, May 14,
1893, on the farm where he was born, July 19, 1799, and
where he had lived all his life, leaving a wife to whom he
was married Oct. 18, 1821, and three generations of de-
scendants to inherit the farm, which has been in the
family since the town was settled in 1635. He was a
man that never sought ofBce, although he was sent to
House of Representatives in 1843, and was a Deacon in
the First Church for more than 40 years.

Hox. Warren Currier, of Newburyport, died Sept.
11, 1893, aged 63 years. He was born in Newburyport.
and one of the firm of Sumner, Swasey & Currier, mer-
chants. Mr. Currier was prominent in public affairs : in
1864-5, as Alderman ; in 1873-4, as Mayor; he also served
the District as State Senator. As a public man he was
straightforward and unwavering in whatever he believed
to be right. Mr. Currier was high in the council of the
Masonic Fraternity.

Wm. C. Plummer, of Newburyport, died Dec. 9, 1892,
aged 57 years, 3 months. He was a native of Newbury-
port and was always numbered among its most successful
business men. He was interested in farming at one time,
but for years was one of the leading grocers, and produce
dealer, being universally known by the farmers in this
part of the county.

187

Capt. John Perkins, of Lynnfield, died Aug. 25, 1893,
aged 87 years. He was born in rLynnfield and always
lived there. He was honored and respected by all, for
his honesty and uprightness in all his dealings. He had
represented the town in the Legislature and held the
office of Town Clerk and Selectman for many years. He
joined this society in 1848, and was an active member for
many years.

Mr. Robert G. Bennett, one of Beverly's honored
citizens, died a year ago. He was the cashier of the
Beverly Savings Bank,'^also the Town Treasurer.

Mr. Augustus Stevens, one of our most respected
citizens, died Aug. 1, 1893. He was cashier of the
Beverly National Bank.

Mr. Franklin Haven, of Beverly, died this last sum-
mer, he was not an active member of the Society. He
resided at Beverly Farms in the summer season, and was
prominent in business affairs in Boston.

Mr. M. p. Little, Alfred Ordway, and Walter
S. Peabody, all of Bradford, have died during the past
year.

Mr. Gardner Barton, of Salem, died July 15, 1892,
at the age of 77 years. He was known as one of the
leading apothecaries of Salem, having been engaged in
that business almost a half a century. He was held in
high esteem by all, a man of integrity, — showing through-
out life a marked cheerfulness of disposition.

C. W. TiTCOMB died in Somerville, Oct. 7, 1893,
aged 72 years. Mr. Titcomb was a native of Newbury,
(Byfield Parish,) and, although the greater part of his life
was spent in Boston, where he established and maintained
an enviable reputation as a business man, he ever felt

188

an interest in the place of his birth, and in farming, the
work of his early life.

His interest in Agriculture induced him some years
since, to purchase, and occupy the farm in Bradford,
formerly known as the "Howe Farm," thinking that per-
haps he could be an Essex County farmer, and at the
same time, a business man in Boston. After a few years
experience, he concluded that both could not be prosecu-
ted profitably, consequently gave up his farming, and
confined himself to his business in Boston.

The wish he has often expressed in late years, " that
he might die in the harness," was granted him, for while
at telephone transacting business with a customer, he fell
backward to the floor; after remaining three days, most of
the time in an unconscious state, he passed away.

Horace P, Noyes died in Dorchester, Jan. 8, 1893,
aged 73 years. Mr. Noyes was born in Newbury, where
he owned a farm which he cultivated till within a few
years when he laid it down to grass, and spent his win-
ters in Dorchester, and his summers on his farm. He was
a quiet, retiring man, a good neighbor and citizen.

Daniel Plumer died in Newbury, Dec. 2, 1 893, aged
70 years. He died on the farm where he was born, and
had always lived. He had been a member of the Society
for a good many years, and was well known in this part
of the County, being a market gardener for the last few
years.

Benjamin E. Emery, who died Oct. 31, 1891, at the
advanced age of 93 years and six months, was perhaps as
intimately identified with the Agricultural interests of
this section and for as long a time as any man in the
county. I have known him well for 20 j^ears and can
bear testimony to his admirable judgment and skill in all
matters pertaining to the farm. No man knew an ox or

189

a cow better than he did, no man knew better how to feed
and care for them. If he did not make a brilliant fi-
nancial success in farming it was because he was a better
farmer then he was trader. His heart was in the right
place, he was always ready to assist a neighbor and every-
body was his neighbor.

We shall miss his honest kindly face from these gather-
ings, which he so much enjoyed, and for the success of
which he worked so hard. He was born in Atkinson, N. H.

Samuel Fellows died May 25, 1892, aged 81 years, 8
months, 22 days. Though not an Agriculturalist, Mr.
Fellows always manifested an interest in our association,
and was one of our most worthy citizens, contributing
often to our exhibitions, by a display of Agricultural im-
plements.

A. Washington Chase died Feb. 14, 1892, aged 58
years, 4 months and 9 days. President of the Haverhill
National Bank. Mr. Chase was not a farmer, but he is one
whose loss is deeply felt in this community. He was a
constant attendant at our Fairs and was one of the first
Haverhill men to join the Society. He was born in West
Newbury.

James Davis died Dec. 29, 1884, aged 86 years, 10
months, one of the veterans of the Societ}^ who has long-
been missed from among us, but whose death has not be-
fore been officially recorded.

Thomas H. West died April 4, 1892, aged 80 years, 10
months, 24 days ; a lifelong farmer devoted to the interests
of the Society. He was born in Boston.

Allison Wheeler died Aug. 22, 1890, aged 71 years,
10 months, 19 days. Born in Salem, N. H.

Justin Cook died Feb. 5, 1890, aged 65 years, 7
months, 14 days. Born in Charlestown.

190

Daniel Brickett died Feb. 19, 1892, aged 67 3^ears.
Always a resident of Haverhill, his birthplace, and an ac-
tive farmer.

Albert Heath died May 18, 1892, aged 78 years, 9
months. Both as carpenter and farmer, he occupied a
prominent position. Born in Newburyport.

Daniel D. Flanders died Dec. 12, 1890, aged 65
years, 11 months, 20 days. Born in Sandown, N. H.

Daniel Hooke died,

Mrs. Mary P. Little, of Bradford, died during the
past year.

Alfred Ordway, of Bradford. Born in West New-
bury, July 30, 1812. Died in Bradford, March 5, 1893.
Mr. Ordway was the originator of the Ordway Apple,
for which he received a premium from this Society. He
was a good judge of fruit, he was also an extra good man
to graft and care for fruit trees, in all stages, and was of
great value to his townsmen.

191

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CONSTITUTION

OF THE

ESSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Article 1. There shall be a President, four Vice
Presidents, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, who shall be
Trustees, ex-officio. The President, Vice Presidents and
Secretary shall be elected at the annual meeting by ballot,
and the Treasurer by the Trustees, annually, at their meet-
ing in November. In addition to these, one Trustee shall
be elected annually for each town in the County, and the
Trustee for each town shall be elected by members of the
Society in said town, at a meeting called for that purpose,*
in accordance with notice issued by the Secretary, and
shall continue in office until another is elected in his stead ;
and such election shall be final, and shall constitute the
Trustee so elected a member of the Board of Trustees of
the Society ; and the result of the election in each town
shall be communicated as early as possible to the Secretary.

Art. 2. There shall be an Annual Meeting of the So-
ciety, at such times as the Trustees shall determine, at
which all officers shall be elected. Twenty members at
least shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business.

Art. 3. If at any meeting of the Society, or the trus-
tees, the President and Vice Presidents shall be absent
the members present may appoint one from among them to
preside at such meeting.

Art. 4. The President, or in case of his absence, either
of the Vice Presidents, with the advice of the Trustees,

*These meetings are held the last Tuesday of October, and the Trustees
elected commence their duties at the November meeting of Trustees.

193

may call a special meeting of the Society ; or whenever a
written application, with the reason assigned therefor,
shall be made by any twelve members of the Society, to the
Presidents and Trustees, they shall call such meeting.

Art. 5. The meetings of the Trustees shall be held at
such time and place as they shall from time to time agree
upon; seven of whom, with the presiding officer, shall
make a quorum.

Art. 6. The Trustees shall regulate all the concerns of
the Society, during the intervals of its meetings ; propose
such objects of improvement to the attention of the public,
publish such communications, and offer premiums in such
form and value as they think proper (provided the prem-
iums offered do not exceed the funds of the Society) ;
and shall lay before the Society, at each of its meetings, a
statement of their proceedings and of the communications
made to them.

Art. 7. The Secretary shall take minutes of all the
votes and proceedings of the Society and of the Trustees,
and enter them in separate books ; and shall record all
such communications as the Trustees shall direct. He
shall write and answer all letters relating to the business
of the Society.

Art. 8. The Treasurer shall receive all monies due or
payable to the Society, and all donations that may be made
to it, for which he shall give duplicate receipts, one of
which shall be lodged with the Secretary, who shall make
a fair record thereof. The Treasurer shall from time to
time pay out such monies as he shall have orders for
from the Trustees ; and shall annually, and whenever
thereto required, render a fair account of all his receipts
and payments to the Society or a committee thereof. He
shall give bonds for the faithful discharge of his duty, in
such sum as the trustees shall direct, and with such sure-
ties.

Art. 9. A committee shall be appointed annually by
the Trustees, to audit the Treasurer's accounts, who shall

194

report to the Society ; and the same being accepted, shall
be entered by the Secretary in his books.

Art. 10. In case of death, resignation, incapacity, or
removal outof the County, of the Secretary or of tlie Treas-
urer, the Trustees shall take charge of the official books,
papers, and other effects, belonging to the office that may
be vacated, and give receipts for the same; which books,
papers, etc., they may deliver to some person whom they
may appoint to fill the office until the next meeting of the
Society, at which time there shall be a new choice.

Art. 11. ^An}- citizen of the County may become a
member of the Society, by paying the sum of three dol-
lars to increase the permanent fund of the institution.

Art. 12. A committee shall be raised from time to
time, to solicit and receive subscriptions for raising a fund
for encouraging the noblest of pursuits, the Agriculture of
our county ; the same to be sacredly appropriated to that
purpose.

Art. 13. All ordained ministers of the Gospel who re-
side within the County, shall be admitted honorarj^ mem-
bers of the Society.

Art. 14. In addition to the usual number of Trustees
annually elected, the past Presidents of the Society shall be
honorary members of the Board of Trustees.

Art. 15. The foregoing constitution may be amended
by a proposition of the amendment in writing by a member
at a regular meeting ; the same to lie over for the action
at the next annual meeting of the Society.

♦Members will receive from the Secretary a " certificate of membership." No
fines or assessments are ever imposed. Members are entitled to vote in all its
transactions, with free use of the Library and a copy of the printed " Transac-
tions" each year.

A premium of six dollars is now offered to the resident of the County obtaining
the largest number of new members durins; the year eadins; Nov. 1.

OFFICEES OF THE SOCIETY.

:F0:R. 1893-94.

PRESIDENT.

FRANCIS H. APPLETON, of Peabody

VICE-PEESIDENTS.

JAMES J. H. GREGORY, of Maiblehead.
JAMES P. KING, of Peabody.
OLIVER S. BUTLER, of Georgetown.
HORATIO G. HERRICK, of Lawrence.

SECRETARY.

JOHN M. DANFORTH, of Lynnfield.

TREASURER.

GILBERT L. STREETER, of Salem.

HONORARY TRUSTEES.

JOSEPH HOWE, ofMethuen.
BENJAMIN P. WARE, of Marbleliead.

TRUSTEES.

Samuel Cammett, Amesbury. Andrew Nichols, Danvers.
Charles C. Blunt, Andover. Albert E. Lufkin, Essex.

196

John W. Lovett, Beverly. Sherman Nelson, Georgetown.
Warren 'Si. Cole, Boxford. Alonzo F. Harvey, Gloucester.
William Thornton, Bradford.SamuelB. George, Groveland.
Isaac F. Knowlton, Hamilton. Otis L. Kent, Newburyport.
E. C. Little. Haverhill. N. Warren Moody, Newbury.

James W. Bond, Ipswich. John Barker, North Andover.
Warren C. Allyn, Lawrence. E. Pope Barrett, Peabody.
Asa T. Newhall, Lynn. Story D. Pool, Rockport.

Harry W. Munroe, Lyunfield. Thomas P. Hale, Rowley.
Julius F. Rabardy, Manchester. Henry A. Hale, Salem.
Amos P. Alley, Marblehead. P. Albert True, Salisbury.
George B. Bradley, Methuen. Samuel Hawkes, Saugus.
George W. Sargent, Merrimac.David Warren, Swampscott.
Hiram A. Stiles, Middleton. Frank H. Towne, Topsfield.
Herbert F. Otis, Nahant. David Pingree, Wenham.
L. H. Bailey, West Newbury.

NEW MEMBERS.

Alfred O. Ordway, Bradford. H. K. Weston, Haverhill.
William McKee, Bradford. James C. Men ill, Haverhill.
John C. Day, Bradford. William W. Osgood, Haverhill,

Miss S.F. Franklin, Bradford. J. W. Carl^le, Ip.swich.
James H. Webster, Boxford. George W. Hoyt, Merrimac.
J. Frank Porter, Danvers. Homer Dow, Methuen.
Benj. Scribner, Danvers. Charles F. Knight, Newbury.
George B. James, Georgetown. Richard T. Noyes, Newbury.
Chas. M. Witham, Georgetown. Edward A. Noyes. Newbury.
A. H. Adams, Haverhill. Walter Steele, Stoneham.
H. H. Hoyt, Haverhill. George G. Cair, wvst Newbury.

John E. Hobson, Haverhill. J. J. Conner West Newbury.
Byron G. Kimball, Haverhill. Horace jNIoody, vvest Newbury.
Leslie K. Morse, Haverhill. Robert L. Smith, West Newbury.

;7

00

7

00

7

00

7

00

5

00

5

00

5

00

5

00

List of Premiums Awarded in 1893.

FAT CATTLE.

J, P. Little, Amesbury, best fat ox, first premium, $7 00
J P. Little, Amesbury, pair fat oxen, second premium, 5 00

BULLS.

Charles Perley, Boxford, Ayrshire, first premium, $

Francis H. Foster, Andover, Guernsey, first premium,

E. C. Little, Haverhill, Holstein, first premium,

Thomas Sanders, Haverhill, short horn, first premium,

M. H. Connor, West Newbury, Holstein, first premium,

Horace Moody, West Newbury, Jersey, first premium,

E. C. Little, Haverhill, Ayrshire, first premium,

A. E. Towne, Georgetown, Guernsey, second premium,

Thomas Sanders, Haverhill, short horn, second premium,

5 00
E. C. Little, Haverhill, Holstein, second premium, 3 00

E. C. Little, Haverhill, Jersey, second premium, 3 00

Richard Newell, West Newbury, Ayrshire, second premium

3 00

MILCH cows.

E. C. Little, Haverhill, Holstein cow, first premium, $8 00
E. C. Little, Haverhill, Ayrshire cow, first premium, 8 00
A. H. Adams, Haverhill, Grade cow, first premium, 8 00

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

Thomas Sanders, Haverhill, 5 grade Jerseys, first premium

^15 00

HEIFERS, PURE BRED.

Francis H. Foster, Andover, Guernsey, first premium, $5 00
E . C. Little, Haverhill, Holstein, first premium, 5 00

E. C. Little, Haverhill, Holstein, first premium, 5 00

John C. Day, Bradford, Ayrshire, first premium, 5 00

M. H. Connor, West Newbury, Ayrshire, first premium, 7 00
M. H. Connor, West Newbury, Ayrshire, second premium

5 00

198

HEIFERS. XATITK OR GRADE.

A- H. Adams, Hareriiill. Grade, first premium. §7 00

Cliarles P. Balc-h, G-roveland. Grade, second premium, 5 00

A- E. To-sme. Georgetown, Grade, first premium, 5 00

Riciiard Xewell, West Xewbury, Grade, second prem., 3 00

"VrORKTS'G OXEX AST) STEERS.

CSujdes Ml Witham, George town, working oxen, first pre-
mium, $10 00

C K- <>riway ic Son. West Xewb:irv. working oxen, second
premiuni. S 00

C. K. «I»rdway i: Son. West Xewc^irr, working steere, first
premium. 8 00

STEERS.

J. P. Lirtle, Amesbury. 3 year old steers, first prem., §7 00
Horace Moody, West Xewbory, 3 year old steer, second pre-
mium, 5 00
Wm. H. Poor. West Xewbury, 2 year old steer, first prem., 6 00
J. P. Lirtle, Amesbury. 2 year old steer, second prem., 4 00
Horace Moody. West Xewb :?-. 1 year old steer, first pre-
mium, 5 00
J. P. Little, Amesbury. steer ci^ns, second premium, 3 00

TFAAf USED ox FARM.

C. K. Orl-K-ay ic Son, West Xewbury, 2 j^ir oxen, first pre-

miiLm. o 00

J. P. Little, Amesbury, 3 pair oxen, second premium, 3 00

E. C. Little. Haverhill, 2 pair borses, first premium, 5 00

STAIXIOXS, FARM AXD DRAFT.

Win 1 am Oswald, Lawrence, Clysdale, first premium, $10 00
J. W. Carlyle, Ipswich, Clysdale, first premium, 7 00

Henry Garso. Lynn, Clysdale, second premium, 6 00

STAI-LIOS^ FOR DETTEXG PURPOSES.

Arthur J. Conner. Lawrence, "Xed" C, first premium, 10 00
J/eslie K. Morse, HaverhilL '-Pentncket, " second prem., 6 00
H. H. Demsey. Wen ham, ''Wilkes," fiKt premium, 7 00

J. W. Murphy, Lawrence, second premium, 5 00

199

BROOD MARES DRIVING PURPOSES.

H. H. Demsev, Wenliam, Bay Mare, first premium.

Leslie K. Morse. Haverhill, second premium,

J. H. Tower, Haverhill, Black Mare, third premium,

FAMILY HORSES.

John L Hobson, Haverhill, first premium,

Edwin Bates, Lynn, second premium,

Byron G. Kimball, Haverhill, third premium,

GEXTS' DRIVING HORSES.

Byron G. Kimball, Haverhill, first premium,
"William Merriman, Haverhill, second premium,

SINGLE FARM HORSES.

John H. Perkins, Lynnfield, first premium,
W. L. Hill, Peabody, second premium,
J. D. W. French, Xorth Andover, first premium,
E. C. Little, Haverhill, second premium,

PAIRS FARM HORSES WEIGHING OVER 2500 LBS,

William E. Coffin, Xewburyport, first premium,
A. E. Towne, Georgetown, second premium,

PAIRS FARM HORSES "WEIGHING LESS THAJS" 2500 LBS

W. E. Merrill, West Xewbury, first premium,
E. C. Little, Haverhill, second premium,

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES.

John H. Perkins, Lynnfield, first premium,
Woodbury Smith, Rowley, second premium,
Richard Jacques, Xewbury, third premium,
E. C. Little, Haverhill, first premium,

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

H. H. Hoyt, Haverhill, first premium,
John C. L)ay, Bradford, second premium,
E. H. George, Groveland, first premium,
A. H. Adams, Haverhill, second premium.

10

00

6

00

4

0<>

8

00

6

00

4 00

88

00

6

00

$8

00

6

00

8

00

6

00

88

00

6 00

BS.

S8

00

6 00

S7

00

5

00

3 00

7

00

$7

00

5

00

5

00

3

00

200

Byron G. Kimball, Haverhill, first premium, 7 00

John H. Perkins, Lynnfield, first premium, 5 00

Arthur H. Messerve, No. Audover, second premium, 3 00

SWINE LARGE BREEDS.

W. L. Hill, Peabody, Chester boar, first premium, $6 00

W. L. Hill, Peabody, Yorkshire sow and pigs, first prem., 6 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Berkshire sow, first premium, 6 GO

W. L. Hill, Peabody, weaned pigs, first premium, 6 00

W. L. Hill, Peabody, weaned pigs, second premium, 4 00

Nathan Longfellow, Groveland, Chester sow and pigs, first
premium, 6 00

E. G. Nason, West Newbury, weaned pigs, second prem., 6 00
A. W. Butrick, Haverhill, Berkshire boar, first prem., 6 00
Richard Newell, West Newbury, Chester boar, second pre-
mium. 4 00
E. C. Little, Haverhill, sow and pigs, second premium, 4 00

SWINE. SMALL BREEDS.

W. L. Hill, Peabody, Yorkshire sow and pigs, first prem., 6 00
J. F. Calhoun, Lawrence, Yorkshire boar, first prem., 6 00
W. L. Hill Peabody, Duroc Jerseys, second premium, 4 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Poland China, second premium, 4 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Yorkshire sow and pigs, sec-
ond premium, 4 00

SHEEP.

J, D. W. French, No. Andover, Oxfordown buck, first pre-
mium, 8 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Oxfordown lambs, first pre-
mium, 5 00

Richard Newell, West Newbury, Southdown buck, first pre-
mium, 8 00

Richard Newell, West Newbury, Grade sheep, second pre-
mium, 6 00

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAMS.

J. P. Little, Amesbury, first premium, 10 00

C. K. Ordway, West Newbury, second premium, 8 00

E. C. Little, Haverhill, third premium, 6 00

201

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES.

Fred H. Poor, West Newbury, first premium, $8 00

W. E. Merrill, West Newbury, second premium, 6 00

A. E. Towne, Georgetown, third premium, 4 00

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES, SWIVEL PLOUGH.

A. M. Robinson, Andover, first premium, $S 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, second premium, 6 00

PLOUGHING WITH THREE HORSES.

M. H. Connor, West Newbury, first premium, $8 00

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOUGH.

E. C. Little, Haverhill, first premium, $8 00

C. A, Bixby, Danvers, second premium, 6 00

GRAIN CROPS.

C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, crop of corn, first pre-
mium, f 10 00
Jo J. H. Gregory, Middleton, crop of rye, first prem., 10 00
C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, crop of hay, first pre-
mium, 10 00

ROOT CROPS.

John H. George, Methuen, crop of onions, first prem., $10 00
Kent & Marsh, Newburyport, crop of onions, second premium,

5 00
M. H. Connor, West Newbury, crop of cabbage, first premium,

10 00

J. G. McAllister, Lawrence, crop of cabbage, second pre

mium, 5 00

E. C. Little, Haverhill, crop of mangolds, second prem., 5 00

SMALL FRUITS.

J. Webb Barton, Danvers, crop of strawberries, first premium,

$10 00

B. I W. Farnham, No. Andover, crop of strawberries, second

premium, 5 00

Fred Stultz, West Newbury, crop of blackberries, first pre-
mium, 10 00

202

C3SIX ^^Jk-^T'S.

- ^^"saui Asd Ouokdd Froit^

FjikiiLXs sad Jvover?^

G-riiii tad Se&d.

C&::peGS £Dd ^Esgs. 14 C*0

lfaiimfw!tMP»f«3imTjMtker. 15 C»0
irumf. smL GsBoaJ JEaseu 7 CO
- Fiscx Watk. 4S CO

±.n Work. 44 CO

Wori ky Olildxc9^ 15 00

JPIV.

$15 Od

$5v:» CO

15 CO

116 CO

14 CO

ris, 4-3 50

9 CO

9 CO

lit, 24 50

72 CO

64 CO

5-5 C'O

cT 25

15S CO

19 CO

E.ECAPITULATIOX.

Awarded for Ploughing,

S78 00

FA KM STOCK.

Awarded for Fat Cattle,

$12 ()()

'^ '•' Bulls,

62 ()()

" '•' Milch Cows,

24 00

" '•' Herds of Milch Cows,

15 00

" " Heifers,

52 r/j

" '• Working Oxen and Steers,

24 00

" '•' Steers,

30 00

" '• Teams used on Farms,

13 00

^ <•' (I Horses, /

216 00

<•' " Swine,

78 00

" " Sheep,

27 00

" '• Poultry,

116 00

S669 00

FIELD AND EXPEEIMESTAL

CBOPS.

Awarded for Grain Crops,
'•' " Eoot Crops,
(I a fruit Crops,

$30 00
35 00
25 00

FAEM AND GAEDEK PEODUCTS.

Awarded for Grain and Seed,

$19 00

" '- Vegetables,

158 00

" " Fruits,

189 00

'■' '• Plants and Flowers,

67 25

«4Q^ 05

DAIET PEO DUCTS.

Awarded for Butter,

$7 00

li Dressed Poultry and Eggs,

2 00

S9 00

204

DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES.

Awarded for Bread, Canned Fruit, etc., $24 00

" " Counterpanes and Afghans, 25 00

" " Carpetiugs and Rugs, 14 00

" " Articles Manuf. from Leather, 15 00
'< " Manufactures and General Mdse., 7 00

" " Fancy Work, 48 00

" « Works of Art, 44 00

" " Children's Work, 16 00

MISCELLANEOUS.

Awarded for Agricultural Implements,

$57 50

((

" Farms,

30 00

(I

" Granges,

25 00

n

" Carriages,

9 00

it

" Essays and Reports,

25 00

ii

" Imp. wet meadow and waste land, 15 00

f 192:50

$161 50

TOTAL,

The amount (

3f $1,609.

25 was awarded to 360 indiv

and firms in 30

different

cities and towns in

the cou

follows :

Amesbury,

$63 50

Merrimac,

$15 00

Andover,

22 00

Middleton,

14 50

Beverly,

6 00

Newburyport,

34 00

Boxford,

52 50

Newbury,

,51 50

Bradford,

40 00

North Andover,

100 50

Danvers,

78 00

Peabody,

68 00

Georgetown,

38 00

Rockport,

3 00

Groveland,

36 00

Rowley,

24 00

Haverhill,

416 25

Salem,

12 00

Ipswich,

7 00

Salisbury,

2 00

Lawrence,

80 00

Saugus,

18 00

Lynn,

84 00

Swampscott,

3 00

Lynnfield,

28 00

Topsfield,

3 00

Marblehead,

8 00

Wenham,

17 00

Methuen,

56 00

West Newbury,

228 50

205

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

Receipts for Admission to Hall, |1292 50

" " " " Dinner, 168 00

" " Grounds for various purposes, 174 25

^1634 75

Expenses, including Tent-hire, Halls and Dinner, 1213 43

Amount paid Treasurer, $421 32

1894:.

PREMIUM LIST OF

Essex Agricultural Society,

FOB THE

Seventy-Fourth Annual Cattle Show and Fair,
To be held at Haverhill.

Duties of Trustees.

The trustee of each town is instructed to see tlie several mem-
bers of Committees in his town previous to the Show, and urge
upon them the importance of attending to their duties. Also im-
press upon exhibitors from localities near to the Exhibition, the
importance of entering their exhibits for the hall, the afternoon
and evening of Monday, in fairness to those from a distance, who
are obliged to come Tuesday.

To be prompt at the meeting in June for filling Committees,
and at the meeting of the Society for filling vacancies in commit-
tees on the first day of the Exhibition, making sure that the names
proposed at those meetings are of persons who will serve.

Duties of Committees.

Committees on live stock and articles exhibited on the Fair
Grounds should appear at the Secretary's otRce on the grounds, at
one o'clock, punctually, on the first day of the exhibition, and
there organize, take the books of entry, and proceed at once to
business. Committees in hall, should take the books of entry from
the Superintendent, promptly after the entries close.

Full reports of awards by committees, on the blanks furnished
by the Secretary, to be signed by all the members acting on the
same, are required of each committee.

Three members of any committee consisting of more than that
number are authorized to act.

|®='No member of the Society shall act on any committee of
which he is an exhibitor in the same class.

207

The Diploma of the Society being considered the highest premi-
um that can be awarded, no committee is authorized to award it,
except for animils and articles of special merit, deserving of in-
dorsement and recommendation by the Society.

No committee is authorized to award gratuities, except the com-
mittee on agricultural implements, carriages, bread, honey and
canned fruits, domestic manufactures, fruits, vegetables in hall,
and flowers; or any premium, unless the rules of the Society have
been strictly complied with. Neither shall they award premiums
or gratuities in excess of the amount appropriated.

No gratuity is to be awarded of less than fitly cents.

The several committees are requested to affix premium cards,
and also on animals, blue, white, and red printed premium ribbons
(which may be had of the Secretary or assistant on the grounds
and at the hall), for the several animals or articles designating the
grade of premium awarded each, and the name of the person to
whom awarded, and special care should be taken that the cards
issued correspond with the awards in their report to the Society.

The reports of awards of premiums ou plou:^hing and on animals
and articles exhibited at the Show, must be delivered promptly to
the Secretary for announcement on Thursday.

The Society offers liberal premiums for the best reports of com-
mittees; and the chairmen of the several committees are requested
to present to the Secretary a full report explanatory of the opinions
of the committee on the matter referred to them, within two weeks
after the awards are made at the Show, for publication in the
Transactions.*

Keports on farms, crops, etc., to he presented previous to the
meeting of the Trustees irr November.

Any member of a commiitee who cannot serve on the same is re-
quested to give notice to the Secretary, before the Show, so that the
vacancy may be filled.

Each member of the several committees will receive a ticket of
admission to the hall of exhibition, on application to the Secretary.

*Chainuen of committees wiU please notice tliis request.

General Rules.

Competitors are requested to carefully read the rides and premium:
list before making entries.

Claims (entries) for premiums to be awarded at the Exhibition
on the Fair Grounds,) other than live stock, must be entered with
the Secretary of the Society, or his agent, and in the Exhibition
Hall, on or before 11 A. M., of the first day thereof.

All entries of live stock must be entered with the Secretary at
least one week previous to the holding of the Fair, and no entries
will be received after that date.

Any person not a member of the Society, awarded seven dollars
and upwards, shall receive a certiticate of membership, for which
three dollars of his award will be taken to inci*ease the funds of
thb Society.

208

Diplomas awarded will be delivered and premiums paid, to the
person to whom the premium or orratuity is awarded, or an a^ent
duly authorized, on application to the Treasurer, at First National
Bank, Salem, on and after the fourth Monday of November,

All premiums and t-'ratuities awarded, the payment of which is
not demanded of the Treasurer on or before the first day of Sep-
tember next succeeding the Exhibition, will be considered as given
to increase the funds of the Society.

In all cases the reports of awards of premiums and gratuities
made by the several committees and adopted by the Society shall
be final. Committees should see that the premium cards issued, cor-
respond with the premiums and gratuities awardedin their reports.

No person shall be entitled to receive a premium, unless he com-
plies with the conditions on which the premiums are offered, and
by proper entry as required, gives notice of his intention to com-
pete for the same; and committees are instructed to award no
premium unless the animal or article offered is worthy.

No animal or object that is entered in one class, with one com-
mittee, shall be entered in another class, except town teams, fat
cattle, working oxen, working steers, (three year old steers may be
entered for ploughing in a double team) and farm horses, which
may be entered for ploughing, and milch cows, which may be
entered with a herd.

In regard to all subjects for which premiums are offered, it is to
be distinctly understood that the Trustees reserve to themselves
the right of judging the quality of the animal or article offered;
and that no premium will be awarded unless the objects of them
are of decidedly superior quality.

Pure Bred Animals, defined by the State Board of Agriculture.

T/ie proq/' that an animal is so bred should be a record of the an-
imal or its ancestors, as recorded in some herd book, recognized by
leading breeders and the public generally, as complete and authen-
tic.

Standards adopted:— American Jersey C. C. Register and
American Jersey Herd Book, Ayrshire Record and Holstein Herd
Book.

Premiums to be Awarded at the Show.

The Committees will take notice that no premium will he awarded
"unless the animals or objects are of a decidedly superior quality.

Diplomas may be awarded for animals or articles of special
merit, in all departments of the Fair.

Cattle and other Farm Stock.

TO BE ENTERED IN THE NAME OF THEIR REAL OWNER.

All animals to be eligible to a premium, shall have been raised
by the owner within the County, or owned by the exhibitor within
the County, four months previous to the date of Exhibition, except
Working Oxen, and Working Steers.

209

All animalp, vvhether teams for ploughino, or animals entered for
premium or exhibition, will be fed during the Exhibition, and lon-
ger when they are of necessity prevented from leaving, at the ex-
pense of the Society.

FAT CATTLE.

Fat cattle, fatted within the County, regard being had to the

manner of feeding, and the exi>ense thereof, all of which shall be

stated by the exhibitor in writing, and returned to the Secretary,

with committee's report.

For Pairs of Fat Cattle, premiums, $7, 5

For Fat Cows, premiums, S", 3

BULLS.

* Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein, Guernsey or of
any other recognized breed, for each breed.
Two years old and upwards, premiums, -"ST, 5

Under two years, for each breed, #5, 3

BULLS OF ANY AGE OR BREED.

For the best bull of any age or breed, with five of his stock not
less than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into ac-
■count, and especially the adaptability of the animal to the agricul-
ture of the County. Diploma and .$10

Note.— Competitors are required to give a written statement of pedigree, and
committees are requested to be particular in tliis respect, and return them to the
Secretary with report.

MILCH COWS.

For Milch Cows, cither Foreign, Native or Grade, with satisfac-
tory evidence as to quantity and quality of milk by weight during
one full month, premiums, $^10, 5

Milch Cows, Ayrshire, Jersey, Devon. Short Horn, Holstein,
Guernsey, or any other recognized breed, four years old and up-
wards, premiums for each breed, S8, 4

For Native or Grade Cows, four years old and upwards, pre-
miums, S8, 4

For the Cows that make the most butter in a single week from
June 1st to September loth, premiums, $8, 4

Note.— A written statement will be required of the age and breed of all Milch
Cows entered, and time they dropped their last calf, and when they will next
calve, the kind, quality and quantity of their food during the season, and the man-
ner of their feeding, which statement is to be returned to the Secretary with
■Committee's report.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

For herds of Milch Cows, not less than five in number, to be ex-
hibited at the Show, and a correct statement of manner of keeping
and yield for one year preceding the Show, premiums, S15, 10

For the greatest produce of milk on any tarm, in proportion to
the number of cows producinsr it, not less than four, from April 1,
1893 to April 1, 1894 statement to be made of the exchanges made,
manner, and expense of food, use made of milk, and such other

210

facts as will illustrate the entire management, special regard being
had to the mode in which the account is kept, premium.

Diploma and SIO

Note. — The above-mentioned statements are to be returned to the Secre-
tary with Committee's report. The Committee can accept statements dat-
ing from January 1st, precedmg the Show.

HEIFERS.

First Class. — Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein,

Guernsey, or any other recognized breed, under four years old in

milk, premiums, for each breed, $7, 5

Two years old of each breed, that have never calved, premiums,

iffS, 3
One year olds, and under of each breed, premiums, So, 3

Second Class. — Native or Grade Milch, under four years old,
premiums, $7, 5

Two years old, that have never calved, premiums, $5, 3

One year olds, and under, and less than two, premiums, $5, 3

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

Stags excluded. For pairs of Working oxen under eight and not
less than live years old, taking into view their size, power, quality
and training, premiums, $10, 8

For pairs of Working Steers, four years old, to be entered in the
name of the owner, premiums, $8, 6

Note.— The Committee are required to consider the quality and shape of
the cattle as wtll as their working capacity. The trainnig of working oxen
and steers will be tested by trial on a cart or wagon containing a load
weighing two tons for oxen, and 3000 pounds for steers. J^^^At the time
of entry a ceriilicate of the weight of the cattle must be tiled with the Sec-
retary.

FARM TEAMS.

For the best Farm Team of not less than two pairs of Oxen, or
two pairs of Horses, owned and used on one farm, premiums, $5, 3

STEERS.

For pairs of three year old Steers, broken to the yoke, pre-
miums, $7, 5
For pairs of two year old Steers, premiums, $6, 4
For pairs of yearling Steers, and under, premiums, $5, 3

STALLIONS, FARM AND DRAFT.

For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, four years old and-
upwards, diploma, or premitims, $10, 6

For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, three years old, pre-
miums, $7, 5-

For best Stallion of any age, and five colts of his stock, not less
than five year old, quality and condition to be taken into account,

Dii)loma and $10

STALLIONS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

For Stallions for Driving purposes, four years old and upwards,
premiums, $10, 6

211

For Stallions for Driving purposes, three years old, premiums,

$7, 5

For best Stallion of any age and five colts of his stock, not less

than one year old, quality and condition taken into account.

Diploma and $10
Note.- No stallion will be entitled to a premium unless free from all apparent
defects capable of being transmitted. All stallions entered in either class must
have been owned by the exhibitor four months previous to the exhibition.

BROOD MARES, FARM AND DRAFT PURPOSES.

For Brood Maies for Farm and Draft purposes, with their foal
not more than eight months old, by their side, premiums,

$10, 6, 4

BROOD MARES, DRIVING PURPOSES.

For Brood Mares for Driving purposes, with their foal not more

than eight months old, by their side, $10, 6, 4

Note. — No brood mare will be entitled to a premium unless free from all appar-
ent defects cajiable of being transmitted.

FAMILY HORSES.

For Family Horses, premiums, $8, 6, 4

Note. — No horse will receive a premium unless free from all unsoundness.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.

For Gentlemen's Driving Horses, premiums, $8, 6

FARM HORSES.

For Farm Horses weighing 1200 lbs. and over, prem., .f8, 6

For Farm Horses weighing less than 1200 lbs. premiums, $8, 6

Note. — No horse will be allowed except those actually used on farms, whether
the owner has a farm or not. The weight of load to "be used in trial of Farm
Horses is to be fixed upon by the committee of arrangements for drafting, the
diflerence in the load lor horses of 1200 lbs. and over, and those under 1200 lbs. to
be 1000 lbs. and between the two classes of pairs 2000 lbs. No obstruction shall be
placed either before or behind the wheels in trials of Draft horses of either class,
but wheels shall be blocked behind to hold the load when a team stops going up
hill.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES, WEIGHING 2500 LBS. AND

OVER.

For pairs of Farm Horses weighing 2500 lbs. and upwards (see
above note), premiums, S8, 6

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES, WEIGHING LESS THAN

2500 LBS.
For pairs of Farm Horses weighing less than 2500 lbs. (see above
note), premiums, ,§8, 6

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES, 3 AND 4 YEARS OLD.

For Mare or Gelding four year old Colts, premiums, $7, 5

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, $5, 3

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES, 1 AND 2 YEARS OLD.

For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, two year old Colls, prem., S7, 5
For Stallion, Gelding, or Mare, yearling Colts, premiums, $5, 3

212
COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

THREE AND FOUR YEARS OLD.

For Mare or Gelding four year old Colts, premiums, S7, 5

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, S5, 3

ONE AND TWO YEAR OLD.

For Stallion, Gelding or Mare two year old Colts, prera., .i?7, 5
For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, yearling colts, premiums, S5, 3

SWINE,— LARGE BREEDS.

Large Breeds, viz: Cheshire, Berkshire. Chester County Whites,

Poland China, Large Yorkshire, weighing more than 300 lbs. at

maturity.

For Boars, premiums, $6, 4

For Breedmg Sows with their pigs by their side, prem., S6, 4

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between two

and four months old, premiums, $6, 4

SWINE,— SMALL BREEDS.

Small breeds, such as Suffolk, Essex. Small Yorkshire, China,
and any other breed or grade, weighing less than 300 lbs. at
maturity.

For Boars, premiums, $6, 4

For Breeding Sows with their pigs by their side, prem., SB, 4

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between two

and four months old, premiums, $6, 4

SHEEP.

For Flocks of Sheep not less than ten in number, each Breed,

premiums, $8, 6

For best Buck, premium, $8,

For lots of Lambs not less than four in number between four

and twelve months old, premiums, $5, 3

POULTRY.

For pairs of Fowls. Light Brahmas, Dark Brahmas, Baff Co-
chins, Partridge Cochins, Black Cochins, White Cochins, Plymouth
Rocks, White Plymouth Rocks, Dominiques, White Leghorns,
Brown Leghorns, Dominique Leghorns, Black Spanish, Hamburgs,
Polish, Games, Dorking, Bantams, Black, White and Mottled Javas,
Wyandottes, White AVyandottes, Golden Wyandottes, Black and
White Minorcas, Red Caps, Andalusias, Langshangs, and other
recognized varieties, each variety, premiums, S2 1,

For pairs of Chickens of above varieties, premiums,
For the best breeding pen of each variety — Diploma of the So-
ciety.
For the best pairs of Native Fowls, premiums, S2, 1

Pairs can be exhibited in '-breeding pens," by marking the com-
peting female (with a ribbon or colored string), which, with the
male will form the pair.

For lots of Turkeys, and Alesbury, Rouen, Caouga, Pekin, White
and Colored Muscovey, and Brazilian Ducks, and Toulouse, Em-
den, Brown China, and African Geese, premiums, $2, 1

213

For 10 or more Fowls exhibited, whether thoroughbreds,
crossed or mixed, with an account for one year, showing cost and
method of keeping, production and profit, premiums, $8, 6, 5

As above, with an account for six months, premiums, $5, 3, 2

Any exhibitor interfering with the Judges in the discharge of
their duties or interfering with, or handling any specimen on ex-
hibition, other than his own, shall forfeit all claim he may have in
the premium list.

All breeds exhibited separately and to be judged by the rules of
the "American Standard of Excellence."

For best exhibit of Poultry Api^liances, $5

PLOUGHING.

General Note on Ploughing.— Stags are exclmletl. Teams must be entered
In the names of their owners, and only double ox-teams to have drivers. A team
consisting of one pair of oxen and a horse will be considered a double team. The
owners of separate teams may unite the same and be allowed to compete for pre-
miums. The ploughmen and drivers must have been residents of the County at
least three months before the exhibition. Those who intend to be competitors
must give notice to reach the Secretary on or before Saturday previous to the
show. The lands will be staked, but each ploughman will be "required to strike
out his own lands in the presence of the " Committee on Striking out grounds for
Ploughing," alter half past nine o'clock in the morning of the trial. Ploughmen
with land' side ploughs are to back furrow three furrows on each side of the
stakes set, the last furrow to be of the depth required in the class. Ploughmen,
with swivel ploughs to turn the outside of their furrow to the stakes on one side,
and to ttnish one loot from the stake on the other. Committees to note and re-
port the kind of plough used.

Ploughing with Double Ox-Teams. — One eighth of an
acre, at least eight inches deep, premiums, $10, 8, 6

Ploughing with Single Ox-teams.— One-eighth of an acre
at least six inches deep, premiums, $8, 6, 4

Ploughing with Two Houses. — With any form of Plough
except Swivel, one-eighth of an acre, at least six inches deep, pre-
miums, ^S, 6, 4

Ploughing with Three Horses. — One-eighth of an acre,
eight inches deep, without driver, premium, $S

Same with four horses, with driver, premium, fS

Ploughing with Swivel Plough.— One-eighth of an acre,
with double ox-teams, at least eight inches deep, premiums, ifS, 6

One-eighth of an acre with single ox-teams, at least six inches
deep, premium!*, |8, 6

One-eighth of an acre with horse teams, consisting of two horses,
ploughing at least six iuches deep, premiums, $8, 6

Ploughing Sulky Plough.— For the best performances, tak-
ing into account ease of draft, amount and quality of work.

Sulky Plough, Landside, premiums, iJS, &

HAEROWS.

For the best Harrow exhibited, and its merits shown by actual
test upon the ploughed ground, .$8. &

Note.— Entry must be made with the Secretary before the day of the trial with
description of the Harrow.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

For the best collection of Implements and Machines (no article
offered in collection will be entitled to a separate premium),

Diploma and SIQ

214

Best Market "Wagon, premium, $5

Best Farm Wagon, for one or two horses, premium, $3

Best Horse Cart, premium, $5

Best Hay, Straw or Corn Cutter, premium, SI. 50

Best Ox Yoke, complete, premium, S1.50

Best Fruit Evaporator, with sample of work, premium, S5

Best set of Horse Shoes, including those for over-reaching, inter-
fering and stumbling horses, premium, $5
For implements not specified above, the Committee may at their
discretion award S40.

No premium or gratuity will be awarded for any Mower, Horse
B.ake, Tedder, or other Machine or Implement, the merit of which
can be known only by actual trial in the field; but manufacturers
are invited to offer the same for exhibition and inspection.

CAKEIAGES.

For carriages built in the County, and exhibited by the manufac-
turer. Diploma, and thirty dollars in gratuities, may be awarded by
the Committee.

In Exhibition Hall.

Committees on articles exhibited in the hall should be especially
careful that the premium or gratuity cards issued with the names,
and sums awarded them, correspond with those in their reports to
the Society.

Committees and Exhibitors will be governed by instructions, un-
der heading of "Duties of Committee," "General Rules," "Premi-
ums to be awarded at the Show," see first pages, and under
"Fruit," "Domestic Manufactures," and ''Flowers."

05^ All Fruit, Flowers. Vegetables, and Domestic Manufactures,
must be the product of Essex County, to be entitled to a premium
or gratuity.

GRANGE EXHIBIT.

The Society offers seventy dollars to be divided in four i^remi-
ums for exhibits by the different Granges in Essex County, as fol-
lows:—Premiums, S25, 20, 15. 10,

Note.— This exliibit includes all Fruit, Vegetables, and Domestic Manufactures
that are exhibited in any other department in Exhibition Hall.

DAIRY.

For specimens of Butter made on any farm within the County
the present year, samples of not less than five pounds to be exhib-
ited, with a full account of the process of making and manage-
ment of the Butter, premiums. $8, 6. 4

For Specimens of New Milk Cheese, made on any farm in the
County the present year, samples of not less than fifty pounds to
be exhibited, with statement in writing of the method of making
and preserving the same, premiums, $8, G, 4

NOTK.— Each lot presented for premium and the statement .accompanying it,
must be numbered, but not marked so as to indicate the claimant; any public or
known mark must be completely concealed nor must the competitors be present
t the examination.

215

To the person who shall furnish to the Society satisfactory evi-
■dence of the jrreatest quantity of Butter made from anv quantity of
milk, beinpf the whole produce of any single cow, for the first week
of June, July, August and September next, statin^ the whole
amount of Butter produced in each week, also the time when the
cow dropped her last calf, and her feed and manasrement all to be
taken into account in making the award, premiums,

Diploma and $10, 5

Note. — The object in offerintr these last premiums is to elicit inquiry as to the
va'ue and quality of milk for the production of butter. As far as practicable it is
desirable that the race and pedigree of the cow shall be given.

DEESSED POULTKY AND EGGS.

For the best pair of dressed Fowls, Chickens, Ducks, and Geese,
weight to be given, premium for each pair, S2

For the best 12 eggs from Asiatic, American, Game, French
and Spanish classes (H^mburgs, Polish, Dorkings to compete in
the Spanish class), premium for each class, $1

BREAD AND CANNED FRUIT.

..For White Bread made of Wheat flour, premiums, S3, 2, 1

For bread made from Graham flour, premiums, .f 2, 1

For bread made from other grains, or other grains mixed with
wheat, premiums, !i?1.50. 1

All bread, entered for premiums, to be in loaves weighing not
less than one pound each, and not to be less than twentv-four hours
old, with a full writ*^en statement over the signature and address of
the maker, stating the kind of flour used, qnantitv of each ingredi-
ent, hoAv mixed, and length of time kneaded and raised, and how
long baked, which statements on all premium bread are to be sent to
the Secretary ivith report of the Committee for publication.

For first and second best collection of Pickles. Preserved Fruits,
and Jellies made from products of the County, when premiums are
awarded, the method of making to be sent to the Secretary by the
Committee for publication, premiums, S3. 2

Fnr the first and second best five pounds of Dried Apples, grown
and dried within the County, with statements of process used and
amount of labor and time required in preparing and drying, such
statement on premium fruit tobe givento the Secretary for publication,
premiums, S3. 2

In addition to the above, are placed in the hands of the Commit-
tee for gratuities on other articles entered in this department, pro-
ducts of this County, deemed worthy. S5

BEES, HIVES AND HONEY.

For the first and second best display of Bees, Hives and Apiarian
Implements, accompanied with a written description of the bees,
hives, etc., number of hives in use and amount of surplus honey
taken from them during the season, premiums, S5, 3

First and second best Honey, ten pounds in comb and one ponnd
extracted in made the County, with statement signed of kind of
bees and hive, and time of year when honey was made, premiums.

S3, 2

216
Fruit.

ir

All]j uit must be entered in the name of the grower before 11
o'cloc on the tirst day of the exhibition, and each exhibitor must
certif}' to tlie same on the Entry Book, or on lists of the varieties
of each class of fruit, or be filed when entry is made. (Commit-
tees are not authorized to make awards to those who do not com
ply with this rule.)

Tables will be labelled in a cons2ncuous manner by the hall com-
mittee before the entry of exhibitors, with the names of fruit, for
which premiums are offered, all others of same class fruit to be
labelled miscellaneous. Exhibitors must place their several vari-
eties of each class of fruit where indicated by such labels, or be
considered by the committee as not competing for premium.

Plates of collections of fruit, when premiums are oftered therefor,
must be entered and placed by the exhibitor on the table assigned
for the exhibit of collections of fruit.

To entitle exhibitors to receive premiums and gratuities awarded,
they are required (when requested by the committee) to give in-
formation in regard to the culture of their fruit.

PEARS.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which are
recommended for cultivation in Essex County: Barllett, Belle
Lucrative, Bosc. Anjou, Angouleme, Dana's Hovey, Lawrence,
Louise Bonne, Onondaga, Paradise d'Automne, Seckle, Sheldon,
Urbaniste, Vicar, Cornice, Howell, and Claiigeau, each, premium.

*3

Doj'enne d'Ele, Gifford and Clapp's Favorite (ripening early),
are recommended for cultivation, but no premium is offered.

For each dish of twelve best specimens of any other varieties,
deemed worthy by the committee, premium, S^l.50

For best collection of Pears, recommended for cultivation, pre-
mium, $6

In addition to the above, are placed at the disposal of the com-
mittee, to be awarded in gratuities of not less than ^1 each, $20

APPLES.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which are
recommended for cultivation in Essex County : Baldwin, Dan-
vers Sweet, Tompkins King, Granite Beauty, Red Russett, Tol-
man's Sweet, Bailey Sweet, Drap d'Or, Hubbardston, Hurlburt,
Porter, Pickman Pippiu, Roxbury Russett, Rhode Island Green-
ing, Sweet Bildwin, Gravenstein, Hunt Russett, Smith's Cider,
Snow, premium for each, $3

Red Astraehan, William's Favourite, Tetofsky and Sweet Bough
are recommended for cultivation, but no premium is offered (rip-
ening early).

For best twelve specimens or any other varieties deemed worthy
by the committee, premium for each variety, SI. 50

For best collection of Apples, recommended for cultivation, pre-
mium, S&

217

For best twenty-four specimens of any variety of Crab Apple
deemed worthy^ by the committee, .fl.SQ

In addition are placed at the disposal of the committee, to be
awarded in gratuities of not less than %1 each, $20

PEACHES, GKAPES, AND ASSOKTED FRUITS.

For best nine specimens of Freestone, White Flesh, Yellow

Flesh, Essex County Seedling-, each variety, S2

For best collection of Peaches, premium, $3

For Champion, Lemon, or Orange Quinces, premium, S3

For Plums, each variety, premium, $2

For best tour bunches of Concord, Worden's Seedling, Brighton,

Hartford Prolific. Delaware, Martha, Moore's Early, Niagara

Grapes, each variety, premium, S3

For Cold House Grapes, produced with not over one month's

artificial heat, premiums, $4, 3

For best collection of ten varieties, not less then ten pounds in

all, premiums, $7

For best specimens of four bunches of Grapes, varieties other

than above, deemed worthy by the committee, premium, $1.50

For baskets of Assorted Fruits, premiums, $4, 3

In addition are placed at the disposal of the committee, to be

awarded in gratuities, of not less than 50 cents each, $25

PLANTS AND FLOWERS.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

1. All Plants and Flowers for competition and exhibition must
be entered lor examination by the committee on or before eleven
o'clock, on the first day of ihe Fair, and all such Plants and
Flowers must have been grown by the competitor, except native
plants and fiowers, and flowers used in bouquets, and baskets of
flowers and floral designs, all of which (plants and flowers) must
have been grown within the County.

2. When a certain number or quantity of Plants and Flowers is
designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less
than that number or quantity of specimens shown.

3. When only one premium from each exhibitor is oi^'ered for
any article, only a single specimen or collection can compete, but
when a second or third premium is ottered, one, two or three speci-
mens or collections may be exhibited for competition, but no
variety can be duplicated.

4. No premium shall be awarded unless the specimens exhibi-
ted are of superior excellence, possessing points of superiority and
worthy of such premium, not even if they are the only ones of their
kind on exhibition.

5. No specimen entered for one premium shall be admitted in
competition for another diflerent premium.

6. Competitors will be required to furnish information (if the
committees so request), as to their modes of cultivation, or in the
case of Native Plants and Flowers, where such were found.

218

7. All Plants exhibited for premiums must have the name legi-
bly and correctly written on stiff card, wood, or some other perma-
nent and suitable substance, and so attached to same as to be easi-
ly seen. Flowers when specified to be named to comply also with
above rule.

8. Plants in Pots to be entitled to premiums must show skillful
culture in the prof usion of bloom and in the beauty, symmetry and
vigor of the specimens; also Bouquets, Baskets, Design Work, etc.,
must show taste, skill, and haraiony in arrangement, both as to
colors and material they are made of, "and purposes for which they
are intended.

9. All Flowers exhibited must be shown upon their own stem,
flowers in "Design" work alone excepted; and this exception if
overcome and avoided, to be taken into account by the committee
in awarding the premiums.

10. The Committee are authorized to award gratuities for any
(new and rare plants and flowers or ''Designs of merit for which
oo premium is offered, but in no case shall the total sum (premi-
ums and gratuities together), exceed the amount $150.00, limited
toy the Society for this department.

11. No member of the Committee for awarding premiums or
gratuities shall in any case vote or decide respecting an award for
which such member may be a competitor, or in which he may have
an interest, but in such case such member shall temporarily vacate
his place upon the Committee, and such vacancy for the time being
may be tilled by the remaining members of the Committee, or they
may act without.

12. Attention is again called to above Rules and Regulations
for Plants and Flower.«, and General Rules of the Society, and all
articles not entered in conformity therewith will be disqualified,
and premiums will be awarded only to exhibitors who have com-
plied with said Rules, etc.

PLANTS.

Plants competing for these premiums must have been grown in
pots. Native Plants excepted, etc. See Rules.

For collections Flowering and Ornamental Foliage plants, at
least 25 specimens, pi-emiums, $10, 5

For collection Palms, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, .$1

For collection Ferns (cultivated), at least 5 specimens, 5 varie-
ties, premium, .$1

For collection Dracenas, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, .$1

For collection Crotons, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, SI

For collection Fancy Caladiums, at least 5 specimens, 5 varie-
ties, premium, %1

For collection Gloxinia?, at least .5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, SI

Fur collection Begonia'-, tuberous rooted, at le:ist .5 specimens, .5
varieties, premium, SI

219

For collection Bet^oniap, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Coleus, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, premium, $1
For collection Fuschias, 5 specimens, varieties, premium, SI

For collection C5'clamen, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, !?1
For collection Geraniums, double, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, pre-
mium, SI
For collection Geraniums, single, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, pre-
mium, SI
For collection Geraniums, fancy, 10 specimens, at least 5 varie-
ties, premium, SI
For collection Hibiscus, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, SI
For collection Carnation Pinks, 10 specimens, at least 5 varieties,
premium, SI
For collection Calla Lilies, 5 specimens, premium, SI
For specimen English Ivy, premium, SI
For collection of wood of native trees in sections, suitable for
exhibition, showing bark and the grain of the wood, all correctly
named with botanical and common name, at least 50 varieties, each
variety to be shown in two sections, one of which to be across sec-
tion and neither to be more than four inches in length or diameter,
premiums, $5, 3

FLOWERS.

For collection Cut Flowers, cultivated, 100 specimens, at least
50 varieties, named, S5, 3

For collection Cut Flowers, native, 100 specimens, at least 50
varieties, named, $5, 3

For pair of Bouquets, for vases, green-house flowers, prem., S2, 1
For pair of Hand Bouquets, green-house flowers, prem., S2. 1
For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of native flowers, prem., S2. 1
For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of garden flowers, prem., ,S2. 1
For Basket of green-house flowers, premiums, $2, 1

For Basket ot i^ative Flowers, premiums, S2, 1

For Basket of Garden Flowers, premiums, S2, 1

For arrangement of Native Flowers and Autumn Leaves, pre-
miums. S3. 2
For Floral Designs, choice cultivated flowers, premiums, S5, 3
For Floral Designs, native flowers, premiums, S3, 2
For collections Jai)an Lilies, hardy, named, preaiiums, S3, 2
For collections Phlox, hardy perennial, named, premiums, S2. 1
For collections Pansies, at least 50 specimens neatly and artisti-
cally arranged, premiums, S2, 1
For collections of Native and Introduced Weeds, with common
and botanical name attached, premiums, S3. 2
For twelve Dahlias, large flowering, at least six varieties,
named, premium, .SI
For twelve Dahlias, Pompon or Lilliputian, at least six varie-
ties, named, premium, SI
For twelve Dahlias, single, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, $1
For twelve Petunias, double, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, .•?!

220

For twelve Gladiolas (spikes), at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, $1
For twelve Japan Lilies, at least six varieties, namer], prem., $1
For twelve Geraniums, double, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, $1
For twelve Geraniums, single, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, $1
For twelve Phlox, hardy perennial, at least six varieties, named,
premium, SI
For twelve Cannas, at least six varieties, named, premium, i*l
For twenty-four Carnation Pinks, at least six varieties, named,
premium, $1
For twent3^-four Verbenas, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, $1
For twenty-four Roses, at least six varieties, named, premium, SI
For twenty-four Garden Annuals, at least twelve varieties,.
named, premium, $1
For twelve Calendulas, at least two varieties, named, prem., SI
For twelve Asters, Double Victoria, premium, SI
For twelve Asters, Double, Truftaut's Peony flowered, prem., $1
For twelve Asters, Pompone, premium, .^1
For twelve Phlox Drummondii, in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Nasturtiums, at least six varieties, premium, SI
For twenty-four Pansies, in variety, premium, SI
For tweutyfour Zinnias, double, in variety, premium. SI
For twenty-four Marigolds. African, in variety, premium, SI
For twenty-four Marigolds, Dwarf French, in variety, prem., SI
For twenty-four Petunias, single, in variety, premium, SI
For display of Coxcombs, in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Scabiosas, in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Delphiniums, in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Dianthus (double, annual), in variety, premium, $1
For twelve Salpiglossis, in variety, premium, .SI
For collection of Sweet Peas, premium, SI

VEGETABLES.

Rules for Fruit apply to Vegetables.

Beets — For best twelve specimens. Eclipse, Dewing, and Ed-
mands, premiums, each variet}^ S3

Carrots — For best twelve, Short Top, Long Orange and Danvers
Intermediate, premium, each variety, .S3

For best twelve. Short Horn Orange carrots, S3

Mangold Wurtzels — For best six specimens, premium, S3

Flat Turnips^ — -Twelve specimens. For best Purple Top and
White Flat, premium, each variety, S3

Euta Bagas — Twelve specimens. For best Yellow and "White,
premium, each variety. S3

Parsnips— For the best twelve s]iecimens, premium, S3

Onions — Twelve specimens. For best Danvers, Yellow Flat,
and Red, premium, each variety. S3

Potatoes — Twelve specimens. For best Early Rose, Beauty of
Hebron, Clark's No. 1, Pearl of Savoy, Early Maine, premium,
each variety, S3-

221

Cabbages — Fot- best three specimens, Savoy, Fottler's Drum-
Head, Stoue Mason Drumhead, Red Cabbage, All Seasons, Deep
Head, each variety, premium, S3

For next best, each variety, premium, S2

Cauliflowers — For best three specimens, premium, S3

For next best, premium, $2

Celery — For best four roots, premium. S2

Sweet Corn — For twelve ears ripest and best Early, premium, S3
For best twelve ears in milk. Late, premium, S3

Squashes— For bestthree specimens, Marrow, American Turban,
Hubbard, Marblehead, Essex Hybrid, Bay State, Sibley, Bulman,
each variety, premium, S3

Melons— For best three specimens, Kutmeg, Musk, Cassaba,
Salmon Flesh, each variety, premium, S2

For best two specimens Watermelons, premium, S2

Tomatoes — For best twelve specimens, Eound flat and Round
Spherical, each variety, premium, !tf3

For exhibition of greatest variety of Tomatoes, premium, S3
Cranberries — For pecks of cultivated, premiums, S3, 2, 1

For collection of vegetables, not less than three of a kind, pre-
miums, S5, 3, 2
Placed at the disposal of the committee for whatever appears
meritorious, S30
^=' No competitor for premium to exhibit more or less number
of specimens of any vegetables than the premiums are offered for.
Collections of Vegetables where premiums are offered for a number of
varieties must be entered and placed, not less tlian tbree of a kind, by them-
selves on the tables assigned tor collections. No collection shall receive
but one premium. Specimens of any varieties, in sach collections are not
to compete with specimens of tlie same variety placed elsewhere. Exhibi-'
tors of such collections however, are not prevented from exhibiting addi-
tional specimens of any variety with and in competition with like variety.
All vegetables must be entered in the name of the grower of them.

Size of Vegetables. — Turnip Beets to be from 2 to 4 inches in diameter;
Onions, 2 1-2 to 4 inches in largest diameter ; Potatoes to be of good size for
family use; Squashes to be pure and well ripened, Turban, Marrow, Hub-
bard, Marblehead, all to be uniform size.

GRAIN AND SEED.

For best peck of Shelled Corn, Wheat, Oats, Barley, Eye, Buck-
wheat, and Field Beans, each, premium, SI
For 25 ears ot Field Com, premiums, $o, 3, 2
For 25 ears of Pop Corn, premiums, S3, 2
For collections of Field and Garden Seeds, premiums, S8, 6, 4, 2
All grain or seed 7uust have been grown by the exhibitor in the
County to receive a premium.

Domestic Manufactures.

Contributors must deposit their articles at the Hall before 11
o'clock on the first day of the Exhibition. Articles not thus depos-
ited will not be entitled to a premium. Gratuities will be awarded
for articles of special merit for which no premium is offered; but

222

no premium or gratuity will be awarded for any article manufac-
tured out of the County, or prev.uus to the last exhibition of the
Society.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

For Wrought Counterpanes having regard to the quality and ex-
pense of the material, premiums, S4, 2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this depart-
ment, the whole amount of gratuities not to exceed $25

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

For carpets, having regard to the quality and expense of the
material, premiums, S4, 2

For wrought Hearth JRug, having regard both to the quality of
the work and expense of the materials, premiums, ■ $3,2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this depart-
ment, the whole amount not to exceed §25

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.

For best pair hand made and machine made Men's Boots,
Women's do.. Children's do., each, premium, .^2

Best Team, Carriage, and Express Harness, each, premium, $5

SIO are placed at the disposal of this committee, to be awarded
in gratuities.

For the best exhibition of Boots and Shoes, manufactured in the
County, each, premium, Diploma of the Society.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

For display of Bonnets, premiums, $4, 3

For horn Combs, not less than one dozen, i)remiura, $2

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be

awarded in gratuities not exceeding ij3 in any one gratuity, $20

FANCY WORK

Of Djmestic Manufacture are not included in the above.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding .#3 in any one gratuity, $50

WORKS OF ART.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, $50

WORK BY CHILDREN.

For specimens of work performed by children under 12 years of

age exhibiting industry aud ingenuity, premiums, $3, 2

At disposal of committee to be awarded in gratuities, $10

223

List of Premiums to be Awarded by the
Trustees in November,

FAEMS.

Competitors for this premium must ^ive notice of their intention
to the Secretary on or betore June loth, and the farms entered for
premium will be viewed by the committee twice durinar the year.
Crops 2;ro\ving on farms tliat are entered for premium, cannot be
entered with another committee for separate premiums — except
crop specimens exhibited at the fair.

Any person desirous of having his farm inspected, without enter-
ing it for premium, may make application to the Secretary, and it
will be viewed and reported upon by the committee.

For the best conducted and most improved farm, taking into view
the entire mauaij:ement and cultivation, including lands, buildings,
fences, orchards, crops, stock, and all other appendages, with state-
ments in detail, relating thereto, premium, .f 30

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP LANDS.

For best conducted experiments relating to wet meadow or swamp
lands, on not less than one acre, the course of management, and
the produce, etc., for a period of two yeirs at least, to be detailed,
with a statemenc of all the incidental expenses, premiums, Slo, 10

Note. — Tlie Committee is instructed to ascertain liow many, if any, reclaimed
swamps in this County have been abandoned or have returned to natural grasses,
i'ersous knowing of such, are requested to notify the Secretary or Committee.

IMPROVING PASTURE AND WASTE LANDS.

For best conducted experiineuts in renovating and improving
pasture land, other than by ploughing, so as to add to their value
for pasturage, with a statem-mt of the same, premiums $15, 10

For best conducted experiments in renovating and improving wast€
lands, so as to add to their agricultural value, with statement of
the same, premiums, $15, 10

No premium to be awarded to any person for a repetition of an
experiment in meadow, swamp or pasture lands, for which he has
already received a premium.

UNDER-DRAINING LAND.
For best conducted experiments in under-draining land, regard
being had to the variety of soil, sub-soil, and other local circum-
stances, premiums, $15, 10

Note. — The same instructions under "Improving Wet Meadow and Swamp
Lands" apply to this Committee.

GRAIN AND OTHER CROPS.

Claimants on Grain and Root Crops will be required to state the
size of the piece of land, when they enter, and conform to the fol-
lowing rules: Entries of Grain Crops to be made on or before Sep-
tember 10th; Root Crops on or before October 10th; giving ample
time for the crops to be examined by the committee before harvest-
ing. Statement to be made in conformity with the following
form, must be forwarded to the Committee previous to November
1st.

All calculations and figures given in reports of, and statements of
Crops, are to be made on the basis of an acre, results in all c.ises,
to be given at the rate per acre.

224

In pursuauce of authority delegated to the Board of Agriculture
by Chap. 24, of Acts 18(52, Agricultural Societies receiving the
bounty of the State are required to make use of the following
form, and be governed by its conditions in the mode of ascertain-
ing the amount of crops entered for premium.

Essex Agkicultural Society. — Statement concerning a crop

of , raised by Mr. , in the town of , ,

1893.

What was the crop of 1891? AN^hat manure was used and how
much. What was the crop of 1892V What manure was used and
how much? What is the nature of the soil? When, and how many
times ploughed, and how deep? AVhat other preparation for the
seed? Cost of ploughing and other preparation? Amount of
manure, in loads of thirty bushels, and how applied?

Value of manure upon the ground? How used? (What amount
of Commercial Fertilizer used? How used? Value of same when
applied?) When and how planted? The amouut and kind of seed?
Cost of seed and planting? How cultivated and how many times?
Cost of cultivation, including weeding and thinning? Time and
manner of harvesting? Cost of harvesting, including the storing
and husking or threshing? Amount of crop, etc. Signed by
Competitor.

The committee, to whom is entrusted the award of the premiums
on field crops, may award them according to their judk'ment, but
for the ))urpose of furnishing acrui'ate statistics for the benefit of
agriculture, shall select certain of the crops, and require the owners
thereof to measure the land and weigh the crops accurately, giv-
ing to the committee a certificate of the same, and sive all pos-
sible information thereon over their own signatures, and return the
same to the Secretary of the Society, to be published in the an-
nual transactions.

In ascertaining the amount of crop, any vessel may be used and
the weight of its contents once, multiplied by the number of times
it is filled by the crop.

In measuring the land or weighing crops, any competent person
may be- employed, whether a sworn surveyor or not, and must give
certificate.

The certificate shall state the weight of all crops only in a mer-
chantable state.

In ascertaining the amount of a hay crop entered for premium,
the measurement of the hay in the barn may be employed.

Rules of Measure Practiced and Adopted by the State
Board of Agriculture.

Wheat, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Iluta Bagas, Mangold Wurtzels,

60 lbs. to bush.,
White Beans and Peas, 02 '• "

Corn, Kye. 56 " "

Oats, 32 "

Barley, Buckwheat, 48 " "

Cracked Corn. Corn and Rye, and other meal,

except Oat, 50 " "

Parsnips, Carrots, 55 " "

Onions", 52 " "

225

1. For the best conducted experiments of Eye, not less than
twenty bushels to the acre, flfty-six lbs. to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

2. For best conducted experiments of Wheat, not less than
thirty bushels to the acre, sixty lbs. to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

3. For best conducted experiments of Oats, not less than fifty
bushels to the acre, thirty-two lbs. to the bushel, on not less than
one acre, premiums, SIO, 5

4. For best conducted experiments of Barley, not less than for-
ty bushels to the acre, forty-eight lbs. to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

5. For best condncted experiments of Indian Corn, on not less
than one acre, premiums, $10, 5

6. For largest quantity and best quality of English Hay, on not
less than one acre, regard being had to the mode and cost of culti-
vation, premiums, $10, 5

7. For best yield of Field Beans, on not less than one-half acre,
and not less than twenty-five bushels per acre, premiums, $10, 5

ROOT CEOPS.

1. For best conducted experiments in raising Carrots, fifty-five
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $1(0, 5

2. For best conducted experiments in raising Parsnips, fifty-five
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

3. For best conducted experiments in raising Ruta B.igas, si.x.ty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

4. For best conducted experiments in raising Mangold "Wurt-
zels, sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

5. For best conducted experiments in raising Sugar Beets,
sixty ]iounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

6. For best conducted experiments in raising Onions, fifty-two
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

7. For best conducted experiments in raising Potatoes, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $10, 5

8. For best conducted experiments in raising Cabbages, pre-
miums, $10, 5

9. For best conducted experiments in raising Squashes, pre-
miums, $10, 5

10. For best conducted experiments in raising Summer English
Turnips for the market, premiums, $10, 5

Raised on not less than half an acre, and the quantity of crop to
be ascertained by weight; so far as practicable the crop to be free
from dirt, without tops, and in a merchantable condition at the
time of measurement.

Claimants for premiums on Grain and Root Crops must forward
statement to chairman of committee he/ore Nov. 1st.

FOREST TREES.

1. For plantation of either of the followino- species of forest
trees, viz.: White Oak, Yellow Oak, Locust, Birch, White Ash,
Maple, Walnut, or White Pine, not less than three years old, and
not less than 1000 trees, premium, S20

226_

2. For plantation of not less than 600 trees, premium, SIO

3. For ornamental trees, ten or m^re set on any street, road or
farm, and cared for five years, premium, $10

CRANBERKIES.

For best conducted experiment in the cultivation of the Cran-
berry, at least two summers, on not less than twenty rods of land,
with written statement of the quantity and quality of the land, ex-
pense of planting, weeding and culture, and amount of crops pro-
duced. Premium to be paid in 1892 and 1893. S15

For best experiment do., on not less than ten rods of land, pre-
mium, $10

For best do., on not less than five rods of land, premium, $5

STRAWBERRIES AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

For best crop of strawberries, on not less than twenty rods of
land, expense of planting, culture, crop, etc., stated in writing,
premium, $10

For best crop of Currants, Raspberries and Blackberries, with
statement as above, premiums, each, $10

NEW WINTER APPLES.

For a new variety of Winter Apple, originated in this County,
equal or superior to the Baldwin, premium, $100

For a new variety of like character originating elsewhere, pro-
vided it has been cultivated in the County sufficiently to prove it
equal or superior to the Baldwin for general purposes, premium,

$20

For a successful experiment in destroying the codling moth and

other worms destructive to the apple, premium, $2-5

Note. — Persons who consider themselves competitors will semi Post Office ad-
dress to Secretary, and others iu the County wishing to compete forab )ve, must
notify Secretary, and furnish a full statement of their apple, and also scions
■when calledfor under his directions, to be tested by the Society.

SEEDING POTATOES AND EXPERIMENTS.

For best seeding Potato, originating in Essex County, to equal
in yield, earliness, and quality, the Early Rose, and to surpass it in
one or more of these particulars, premium paid after three years'
trial, $2i

In testing the value of a Seeding Potato, the committee are in-
structed to take sworn testimony of the cultivator with regard to
the yield, after having inspected the crop.

For the most satisfactory experiment to extend through five con-
secutive years, to settle the following facts relative to raising po-
tatoes:— premium, $50

1st. Will whole, medium sized Potatoes, yield better results
than pieces cut to two eyes?

2Dd. What will be the result of continuously planting small-
sized potatoes of the same strain a series of years?

3rd. Difference between hilling and flat cultivation.

4th. Effect, if any, of cutting off seed ends before planting,

5th. Effects of deep and shallow planting.

6th. R lising from sprouts alone from same strain.

227

7th. Can potatoes having dwarf vines be planted nearer than
others?

8th. Best distance apart for seed in the drill.

9th. To show the ett'ect of covering the top with earth at several
times after they had come up.

To be raised on not less than a half acre of laud, uniform in char-
acter, and all to receive the same kind and quality of manure and
cultivation, and to be inspected by the committee at the time of
gathering the crops.

ESSAYS AND FAKM ACCOUNTS.

The Essays must be transmitted to the Secretary' by the 1st of
November, With sealed envelopes containing the names of their
authors, respectively, which shall not be opened by the committee,
nor shall the names be known to the committee, until Ihey shall
have decided upon the merit of the Essays.

For original Essays on any subject connected with Agriculture,
in a lorm worthy of publication, premiums, il5, 10, 8

For best statement of Actual Farm Accounts, drawn from the
experience of the claimant, in a lorm worthy of publication, pre-
mium, ^10

For reports of Committees upon subjects for which premiums are
offered, premiums, SIO, 8, 6

Committee — G. L. Streeter, Salem; N. M. Hawkes, Lynn; D. E. Safford,
Hamilton; Geo- E. Blod^ette, Rowley; J. M. Dauforth, Lynnfield.

LIBRARY.

Committee— Andrew Nichols, Dauver§; Henry Brooks, Salem; B. P.
Ware, Marblehead; J. M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

NEW MEMBERS.

For the person who obtains the largest number of new members
for the Society from any Town or City before the tirst day of
November next, premium, S6

Note.— Names of new members, with name of person procuring them, can be
sent as fast as obtained, to the Secretary of the Society, who will make a record
of them.

Persons paying three dollars will receive a "Certificate of Membership" which
is for life. No tines or assessments are ever imposed and members are entitled
to vote in all its transactions, with ihe free use of the Library and a copy of the
publication of Society's transactions each year.

Committee — Secretarj-, John M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

TREAD WELL FARM.

Committee— Benj. P. Ware, Marbleliead; C. C. Blunt, Andover; B. P.
Pike, Topsfield; G. B. Blodgette, Rowley; George B. Bradley, Metliuen;
John M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

AUDITORS,

Committees— J. Hardy Phippen, Salem; Ben.i. P. Ware, Marblehead; E.
Pope Barrett, Peabody.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

Francis H. Appleton, James P. King, C. C. Blunt, O. S. Butler, John M.
Danforth, Lynnfield.

228

DELEGATES.

From the Essex Agricultural Society to atteud Exhibitions of
Societies, Farmers' Clubs and Fruit Growers' Associations in Es-
sex County, and report any information that shall seem valuable
for publication.

The Secretary to be notified of the time of holding their ex-
hibition, who will notify the chairman of Committee to assign
Delegate.

COMMITTEES.

All Committees, including committees to judge of Crops, of ex-
hibits at Fair, and of the Arrangements for the Fair, are chosen
by the Trustees at their June meeting.

CONTENTS.

Address by Hon. N. M. Hawkes 3

Seventy-third Cattle Show and Fair 26

Report of the Annual Meeting 29

Report on Fat Cattle 31

Report on Bulls 31

Report on Milch Cows 32

Statements 32

Report on Herds of Milch Cows 33

Report on Heifers, Pure Bred 33

Report on Heifers, Native or Grade 34

Report on Working Oxen 34

Report on Steers 35

Report on Stallions, for Farm and Draft Purposes 35

Report on Stallions, Driving Purposes 36

Report on Brood Mares, Driving Purposes 36

Report on Family Horses 37

Report on Gents' Driving Horses 37

Report on Single Farm Horses 37 .

Report on Pairs of Farm Horses 38

Report on Colts, Farm Purposes 39

Report on Colts, Driving Purposes 39

Ri'port on Swine, Large Breeds 40

Report on Swine, Small Breeds 41

Report on Sheep : 42

Report on Poultry 42

Report on Ploughing, Double Team 49

Repoi't on Ploughing with Swivel Plough 50

Report of Ploughing with Horses .50

Report on Ploughing with 3 Horses 50

Report on Ploughing with Sulky Plough 50

Report on Harrows 51

Report on Agricultural Implements 51

Report on Carriages 52

Report on Diary .53

Report on Bread and Canned Fruit 53

Report on Honey 57

Report on Pears 57

Report on Apples 59

Report on Peaches, Grapes and Assorted Fruit 61

Report on Plants 63

230

Report on Flowers .64

Report on Vegetables 66

Report on Grain and Seed 71

Report on Counterpanes and Afghans - 72

Report on Carpetings and Rugs 73

Report on Manufactures from Leather 74

Report on Fancy Work 75

Report on Works of Art 77

Report on Children's Work 79

Report on Manufactures and General Mdse 79

Report of Committee on Granges 80

Report of Committee on Root Crops 81

Statements of same 84

Statement of John H. George, Onion Crop ■ 84

Statement of J. G. McAllister, Cabbage Crop 86

Statement of Maurice H. Connor, Cabbage Crop 87

Statement of E. C. Little, Onion Crop 87

Statement of Kent & Marsh, Onion Crop 88

Report of Committee on Strawberries and Other Small Fruits 91

Statement of J. Webb Barton 92

Statement of Benjamin W. Farnum, No. Andover, on Straw-
berry Crop 93

Statement of Fred Stultz, West Newbury, Blackberry Crop 94

Report of Committee on Grain Crops 96

Statements of Grain Crops 97

Report of State Delegate to this Society 100

Farmers' Institutes 102

Report on Treadwell Farm 127

Report of Committee on Improving Wet Meadow and Swamp

Lands 128

Report of Committee on Farms 134

Dr. Charles E. Page's Report and Statement 149

Report of Committee on Essays 163

Report of Herd of Milch Cows 181

Report on New Members 182

In Memoriam 183

Treasurer's Report 191

Constitution of the Society 192

Officers of the Society 195

New Members 196

List of Premiums Awarded 197

Recapitulation of Premiums 203

Amount to each City and Town 204

Financial Statement 1893 Fair 205

Duties of Trustees, Committees and Exhibitors 206

TRANSACTIONS

FOR THE YEAR 1894

OF THE

ESSEX AGRICULTIAL SOCIETT

{ORGANIZED i8i8.)

COUNTY OF ESSEX,

IJM JVIASSASHUSETTS,

AND ITS

SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL ADDRESS

HON. WILLIAM S. KNOX,

OF LAWRENCE.

With the Premium List for 1895.

PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE SOCIETY,

SALEM, MASS. :

OBSERVER BOOK AND JOB PRINT,
1894.

ADDRESS.

A Diversified Industry Most Favorable to
Freedom and Progress.''

The annual gatherings of the Essex Agricultural Society
are not alone exhibitions of the season's increase and of
the progress of agriculture in Essex County, but are as
well commemorative of a historic past, and invite contem-
plation of the annals and characteristics of a free and pro-
gressive people. As exhibitions they display not only the
fruit of the soil but also the fruit of the loom, the product
of the workshop) and the handiwork of the mechanic. As
the varied industries of our county are thus brought to
view, and the history of her people recalled, the mind is
led naturally to the theme of this address, that " A diversi-
fied industry is most favorable to freedom and progress."

Agriculture and fishing were of necessity the earliest
occupations of the colonists, and after two hundred and
fifty years these remain permanent and prosperous in-
dustries. But the history of Essex County was not to be
that of an agricultural and fishing community alone, the
instincts and genius of a great commercial people were
possessed by the colonists in Essex, those qualities which
embodied in men, make nations in place of provinces, and
which ever in the world's history have arrayed their
possessors upon the side of liberty and progress, and made
them the natural enemies of tyranny and decay. The un-
compromising attributes of the Puritan were supplemented
here by that many-sided-ness of character possessed by the

Ionic race who settled on the shores of Greece, and dwelt
by the mouths of its rivers.

Previous to the Revolution, the ships of Salem, of New-
buryport, of Beverly and of Marblehead were seen on all
waters, and under the most adverse conditions and op-
pressive restrictions, a profitable and extensive commerce
was established, and, these conditions and restrictions re-
moved by the achievement of independence, that commerce
assumed grander proportions, and no seaport was better
known than Salem, and her ships carried the new ensign
of freedom and power wherever there was hope of trade
and profit. The spirit of the independent American
farmer, gathering his annual return from the soil, existed
side by side with that of the lordly Venetian who would
exact his tribute from all the world.

Seargent S. Prentiss, in his address before the New
England Society of New Orleans in 1845, said: " It is up-
on the unstable element the sons of New England have
achieved their greatest triumphs." But neither agricul-
ture nor commerce could satisfy that mounting desire for
material advance, which had here found lodgment. Manu-
factures were early established against the most adverse
conditions of all. Discouraged by the home government,
hampered by restrictive laws, and unjustly taxed, they
gained their foothold which has never been lost. Leather
and shoes and hats and carriages and workings in wood
and iron from the earlier days, and later with the advent
of the power loom, the waters of her streams were made to
join the soil to nourish and enrich the inhabitants of
Essex, and to-day along the northern boundary of our
county flows the most noted river devoted to manufac-
tures in the world. Side by side with the development of
agriculture have grown all the varied industries which
apart from natural resources, produce the wealth of a na-
tion. For no one of these did Essex County possess any
peculiar advantage or fitness distinct from other sections
of the country. No mines of useful or precious metals

here existed. No happy chance of geographical situation
has built here a great city teeming with the wealth of a
vast distributing centre. The farms, the homes, the mills,
the shops and the banks largely belong to the people of
the county. In all the past there has been no unnatural
or stimulated growth. Tlie credit of the State has never
been pledged to provide means for our development, as had
been the case with Mississippi but a few years before
Seargent S. Prentiss made the address referred to. A
policy which had lifted that young state to the highest
pinnacle of financial grandeur, when to have been a
Mississippian was better than a Roman "• in that elder day."
But all these glories faded in a night, and nowhere was
poverty more abject or long continued. But there have been
no sources of prosperity in Essex, other than the men who
have lived here and the laws which have prevailed here.
The colonists were filled with the desire for economic
freedom, which was accentuated by the successful founda-
tion of religious and political freedom. To this desire had
been added the hard lesson of experience which they had
learned as subjects of a foreign nation, whose colonial
laws were oppressive and exacting in the last degree ; the
cardinal principles of which were that all the trade of the
colonies was the exclusive possession of that nation, and
all their products could only be distributed as it should
direct, and that all that was received in return for such
products must come from or through the mother country,
and be such as it should direct, and that this arbitrary con-
trol extended both to the external and internal commerce
of the colonies. It was seen that a varied industry was
essential to the creation of wealth. The belief of the men
of Essex was well expressed by John C. Calhoun, in
language used by that eminent statesman before the South
had been outstripped by the North in manufactures.
" Neither agriculture, manufactures nor commerce takeji
separately, is the cause of wealth, it flows from the three
combined, and cannot exist without each. The wealth of

any single nation or any individual, it is true, may not
immediately depend on the three, but such wealth always
presupposes their existence. Without commerce industry
would have no stimulus, without manufactures it would
be without the means of production, and without agricul-
ture neither of the others can subsist. When separated
entirely and permanently they perish."

It was seen as well that commerce and m-anufactures
cannot flourish by the side of agriculture without com-
mercial and industrial independence. A people politically
free may be industrially and commercially enslaved, as the
existing conditions of many nations to-day make plain.
These lessons were in accord with the enterprising and
commercial bent of the inhabitants of Essex, and they en-
tered with enthusiasm into the spirit of the laws for the
protection and encouragement of manufactures, enacted
soon after the Revolution. This disposition led them to
take the true view of such statutes as were passed in. this
new country and of the common law as it was introduced,
both as to their scope and nationality, and also their
authority and sanction. They saw that the laws for a
nation of agriculturists, merchants and manufacturers must
be uniform and coextensive with the bounds of the nation,
and that there must be as well an authoritative interpre-
tation of those laws respected and obeyed by all. In no
other way could the multiplex transactions of a mercantile
community be carried on. A purely agricultural people
could perhaps prosperously exist side by side with other
independent like communities, with differing laws or
different interpretations of the same laws, but not so with
a trading and manufactuiing people ; they are concerned
not alone with ])ro(luction and consumption, but they pro-
duce to sell and excliange, they seek a market. The
inviolability of contracts, the safety of personal property in
transportation, the collection of debts must all be secure in
law, and above all social order and personal freedom.
'J'here must then be some tribunal wliose decisions shall be

final. If the constitution and laws of the nation could be
constructed in one way in one state, and have an entirely
different construction in another, if the legislative, judicial
and executive departments of the government could each
give them an independent and authoritative interpretation,
then must a mercantile and manufacturing people under
such a constitution and laws be poor indeed. The people
of Essex, together with those of New England generally,
maintained that the United States Supreme Court was
such a tribunal, and that its decisions as precedents made
the law. An entirely different claim was soon put for-
ward by a portion of the people devoted to the single
avocation of agriculture, that the decisions of the United
States Supreme Court carried no more weight than theii'
reasonableness and were binding neither upon the different
states or the different departments of the United States.
These divergent views existed side by side in warring-
companionship till finally settled by the War of the Re-
bellion. Settled in accordance with the views early en-
tertained by the people of Essex and New England, settled
in the only way that made liberty established by law pos-
sible in this country. Thus did the commercial spirit in
Essex County, and the desire to establish a varied industry
here, place her people upon the side of freedom and con-
quering progress.

The love of social order and domestic peace likewise
grew naturally from the commitment of the people to va-
ried pursuits. These were essential conditions to theii'
successful prosecution. Frequent changes in government-
revolutions and social upheavals are dreaded by men of
affairs. The merchant stakes his enterprises upon his
judgment of the future. It often takes years of effort
and experiment and the use of large amounts of capital to
establish a successful manufacturing industry. Commer-
cial changes and financial disturbances are always to bt
expected. When to these are added want of confidence in
the permanence of the form of government and in the

8

stability of law, enterprise is next to impossible. Such
enterprise is un suited either to a fickle people or a people
chained to a single industry that is largely dependent upon
natural conditions of soil or climate or location. The
merchant and manufacturer must largely create the condi-
tions of their success. The existence of a class of citizens
devoted to law and order and tranquillity, perhaps, Avas not
of so much importance in the earlier days of the republic,
when the population was sparse and homogeneous, but
when that population has become more dense, and made up
of different nationalities, a considerable portion of which
is new to the theory and practical working of our govern-
ment, when the spirit of unrest is abroad, and the disposi-
tion becomes manifest to bring about needed or fanciful
reforms otherwise than under the forms of law, such a
class of citizens becomes the reliance of established insti-
tutions and the enduring hope of liberty. They constitute
a conservative element that is opposed to tearing down
what we have in the hope of getting something better,
that believes it is better to endure the ills we have than to
open the door to those that are unknown. Devoted to lib-
erty, they recognize that civilization has a pre-eminent
claim to their support, and that the liberty of the anarchist
or the commune is the most hateful form of oppression.

A manufacturing and commercial people have always
been arrayed upon the side of freedom, from the time of
the overthrow of the feudal system, through the growing
power of cities, to the present day. Not freedom in the
abstract, or as a dream of some impossible social organiza-
tion, but freedom reduced to practice, and made effective
through wise laws and a strong government, as forming
the basis for material achievement and welfare, and the
orderly development and growth of property and values-
Such a people learn to prize the means by which freedom
is applied and made effective to life and affairs as tlieir
chief possessions, and as men are moved by their material
interests more strongly than by any other motive, law and

a strong government have in such a people sure supporters.
But a people possessing a single source of wealth, which is
founded upon some natural condition of soil or climate, or
the possession of some privilege not shared by others,
places the possession of that source of wealth as first: law,
a strong government, and freedom itself are but secondary.
The possession of a soil adapted to the raising of cotton
and the legal right to own laborers were the bases of
southern prosperity. For them th^ southern people were
ready to overthrow the organic law of the land as em-
bodied in the constitution, as well as the national govern-
ment itself.

As the conditions of prosperity in Essex depended not
upon natural advantages, but upon the mental and moral
attributes of the people, and as success was won at the
price of constant struggle and the practice of small econ-
omies, there grew up here a race of shrewd, practical and
far-seeing men, jealous of every right they possessed, and
holding with a strong hand every foot of vantage ground
acquired. Depending neither upon the wind or the
clouds, or the richness of the soil, expecting to reap no-
where except as they had sown, they were self-reliant to
the last degree.

Without capital at the beginning, acquiring it slowly
and painfully, when acquired, they fully appreciated its
power and value. Such a people were rich, strong soil in
which to plant the seeds of liberty and sound government.
Political heresies and financial vagaries could gain no foot-
hold with them. No shadow could take the place of sub-
stance. They could not be made to believe that wealth
could be created by law ; they would reject with scorn the
symbol of value, though stamped with the seal of a nation,
which did not have behind it the intrinsic value into which
it could be converted. Engaged in a constant effort to
create value, to make profit in commercial transactions,
and to put aside some savings from the product of the
farm, they clearly saw that if that value and profit and

10

saving were to be counted at last by a standard that was
itself varying and unstable, the work of their hands could
never be established.

The owners of vast cotton fields and exhaustless mines,
enslavers of labor and the possessors of privilege and mo-
nopoly, may look with unconcern upon the character of the
standard which measures their returns, the margin of profit
is so large. That which comes from the prodigality of
nature, or the sweat of other men's brows, is so easily ac-
quired that depreciation in the standard of its value is
hardl}^ considered, but when every dollar acquired is coined
from human effort of hand or brain, it should be the
world's best dollar, absolute and changeless. How well
the people of Essex County and of New England under-
stood the financial problems confronting a new country, the
history of the past has clearly shown. How able and apt
they were in solving them is no less clear. How faithfully
they have adhered to the one underlying principle of
soundness of the cui-rency, every student of the past
knows. The importance to a free nation of a people with
the traditions upon financial questions of those of Essex
County can hardly be exaggerated. To the permanence
and advancement of such a nation industrial and financial
independence are as essential as political independence. A
nation whose currency is debased or unsound must always
occupy an inferior position. Its people are at the mercy of
others in their exchancres. The wealth of India or Mex-
ico cannot make such a people great. Revolutions and
declarations of independence cannot make them free.
They are bound in the chains of a servitude hopeless to
break. Progress is impossible. Pride and patriotism are
crushed, finally their revenues are turned over to some
creditor nation, and their country becomes a province.

To the establishment of varied industries in a new coun-
try, and the creation of the conditions which make them
successful, the growth of a free and intelligent population
about them is essential. To the merchant and manu-

II

factmer a market is the great requirement, the last stage
in the process, the final field where the harvest is to be
garnered. The more free and intelligent the people, the
more even tlie distribution of wealth, the greater con-
sumers will that people be, and the better market they
will furnish. Especially for new manufactures must the
maiket be the home market. Wealth and education,
civilization and culture, become not alone the desire and
aspiration of a people engaged in varied pursuits, but also
their highest material interest. The character of the
people flows naturally from their occupations.

The changeless laws of trade, of supply and demand,
work harmoniously with the inevitable laws of progress
and development in a people engaged in constant rivalry
and struggle to better their condition, when the rivalry and
struggle are free for all, and the conditions upon which
all may enter into them are equal.

The invitation to immigration to such a Colony is to the
intelligent, the industrious and ambitious. Wherever
man is waging an unequal contest with power and
privilege to reach a higher plane of existence, and
wherever the hope of a new life and a better day has not
been utterly crushed in his heart, there that invitation
comes freighted with promise and radiant with the light of
a new dawn. It is a magic voice that invites to equal
rights and equal opportunities, that tells of the open door
to every avocation in which man's industry can be pro-
fitably employed. It speaks to those who seek not a
temporary change, a mere season of adventure and exper-
iment to be followed by return to old surroundings, but a
permanent change and an enduring lot in life, entirely
freed from the thrall of old conditions ; to those by whom
old forms and old wrongs have been endured till they have
become hated ; to those who have no reverence for the
past because it is the past, and are eager to embrace a
future of promise ; to those to whom country and native
land have given nothing but a birth place, and denied them

12

the right of freedom and equality, who have no old love of
country to forget in order to be on with the new, and
whose hearts are virgin soil in which to plant the seeds of
patriotism. The invitation went to the peaceful and
gentle in all lands. The prizes in the new country were
to be won through the arts of peace. Force and fear and
injustice were to take no part in the contest. It was un-
heard by the violent and adventurous, the bold and
unscrupulous, the restless and daring, tho'se who often in
the world's history have been pioneers in the peopling of
new territory, and have often laid the foundations of great
empires and even the highest civilization through blood
and rapine and lawlessness. But a people engaged in
establishing manufactures and agriculture and commerce,
on a hard soil, in a trying climate and on a rugged co^st,
had no attractions for them, there was nothing to conquer,
nothing to seize. They might flock to the diamond lields,
or the gold and silver territory, or join the filibuster or
buccaneer, to make their own some rich but weak and
ignorant kingdom, but in Essex there was nothing to be
found but the right of one man to labor in his chosen
avocation, side by side with another and with no human
law governing them but that of their own making. A
poor conquest indeed, but to those who possessed it price-
less beyond purchase.

Those who came to Essex attracted by her varied indus-
tries, laid the foundations of liberty in peace, and of law
In the necessities of a peaceful and industrious people.
Judge Lynch never held court in our borders, no vigilance
committee was ever called upon to repress violence,
preserve social order and administer the criminal law.
The code of honor was never recognized, and the duello
has performed no oiftce in settling disputes. Generally in
new settlements irresponsible force, without beginning or
end except in men's caprice, has been the means of preserv-
ing any sort of order or social existence, and there has
been a rude and summary administration of justice which

^3

could command no respect and was effective only as it was
feared ; and it is from these sources that, as civilization
has advanced in such settlements, law and the administra-
tion of justice in their proper source and scope have been
evolved. But the early history of such settlements is
apt to produce a more lasting impression upon the char-
acter of the people.

When the traditions of a people and the sources of their
law rest upon violence and the popular temper, they the
more readily turn to those means again in times of popular
excitement, and have less hesitancy in accepting them as
the means of redress for grievances. It is but a few years
ago that the vigilance committee of California was tem-
porariljM-eorganized, and under its old time leader gave
battle once and for all to the misguided followers of the
demagogue of the sand lots. But to men who come to a
new settlement, as men came to Essex, seeking only a
field wherein they might exercise the arts of peace, and
who sought no property or aggrandizement except as the
result of labor, and who from the very beginning enter-
tained correct views of the source of law and the exercise
of authority, irresponsible force was abhorrent. They
could never tolerate the rough and fitful administration of
justice that even in our own country has characterized the
communities that have located around the great mines and
on the grazing fields. Such traditions and characteristics
have left their permanent impress, and to the people of
Essex County it is almost inconceivable that there should
be an armed force exercising any power whatever, except
as that power was derived from the legally appointed
executive, and acting under the law of the land. Such a
people would endure many evils, and suffer the loss of
many cherished possessions, before they would think as a
means of relief, of surrounding the j^olls upon election
day with a body of armed men to intimidate voters. They
would withdraw in disgust from the political gathering
where the speakers were surrounded by men displaying

weapons and challenges to combat were bandied between
rival candidates. Among such a people the one who ap'
peals to force, no matter under what guise, or who even
suggests any remedies for real or fancied wrongs which are
not to be brought about under the forms of law and es-
tablished government, is no less a malefactor than the
burglar or the foot-pad. Tliese popular characteristics of
the men who early peopled Essex County, which char-
acteristics in turn owed their existence to the fact that it
was sought to establish here a varied industry, and to lay
the foundations of prosperity in agriculture and commerce;
these traditions of government which were here wrought
out, and which have grown with time and permeated a
whole history, and are more manifest to-day than ever be-
fore, make part of the firm bed-rock upon which is erected
the temple of our liberties.

Often in the history of the world has liberty and a free
government been lost through some sudden uprising, some
disregard of lawful method of proceeding, some passionate
appeal to citizens to take into their own hands, laws which
seem slow in operation or unjust in their results. The
mob is often the creation of an instant, but in tliat instant
it is likely to destroy what has cost years of the sacrifice
and devotion of a people to build up, and this result i&
often independent of its own fate. If it is successful, if it
tears down and uproots, if it gains control o^ power, it be-
comes itself the most hateful tyranny, and after a brief
career yields up its power to the unscrupulous and design-
ing few. If it fails, if it is put down and trampled under^
the dangers which its existence has threatened, the possi-
bility that it could have been called into existence, the fear
of like occasion in the future, suggest and often result in
the enactment of stringent laws before unthought of.
Rights which are dear, and of the essence of liberty are
taken away or abridged, the right of free speech is curtailed,
the right of men to peacefully assemble for discussion and
council is denied and a hateful system of espionage weak-

15

ens the utterances of a free press, and liberty, if not slain,
becomes but a poor and Avounded semblance of its former
self.

The surpassing danger to a free government of all ex-
amples or suggestions of internal violence, both reason and
the history of the past make manifest. The abiding
strength to such a government of a people free and peace-
ful and law abiding, by tradition and practice, engaged in
pushing side by side to their utmost development, agricul-
ture, manufactures and commerce, and possessing and ask-
ing for no conditions of success but freedom and law and
government, cannot be overestimated. In the activities
of such a people, intelligence becomes a controlling factor.
The ignorant farmer in Essex County with his limited
acres and reluctant soil, would be in sad plight in life.
The latest improvements in the machinery of the farm
must be his, he must be familiar with the latest thought in
agricultural science. The bonanza farmer of the West,
with boundless area and prodigal soil, looks for success to
conditions which are of chance. The drouth and wet, the
hot winds and the cyclone, he can neither make nor un-
make, and hardly modify. To speak of an ignorant manu-
facturer is a contradiction in terms. Invention follows
invention in ceaseless advance. The machine used to-day,
must be discarded to-morrow, or its owner is left behind in
the race. The changing market must be followed closely,
the caprice of fashion must be caught almost by intuition,
and in the sharp competition of the day, every detail of
the process of manufacture must be understood and
watched. The unlettered merchant to-day is not in the
race. Laborious days and nights will not alone carry him
forward. He must be familiar not alone with the great
movements and currents in the business, but also in the
political world. This intelligence must be not of the few,
but of the many, not of a class, but of all classes. The
subalterns must be well equipped mentally as well as the
leaders, or success will be lacking. The more free and in-

i6

telligent the farm laborer, the better for the farmer and
the farm. The educated laborer best serves the manu-
facturer, and the well informed clerk is sought by the
merchant. The intelligence of such a community is of the
practical kind, it is knowledge applied to affairs, education
made powerful to forward material progress. To the
miner, the ranger of the grazing country or the laborer on
the cotton and sugar plantation, education is of but little
interest as a means of advancement in his occupation. It
is sought, if sought at all, as a means of escape from his
condition, rather than improvement in it. His mental
qualifications are of no consequence to the owner of the
mine or field wherein he toils.

The drafts for such laborers, when made from foreign
countries, are often from the ranks of the idle, the vicious
and the hopeless, often, indeed, of the desperate and crim-
inal. Government and law they have never known, ex-
cept as Avords signifying oppression, to which they are in
sworn and banded enmity, and for the overthrow of which
opportunities are eagerly sought. To them property is
robbery, and the destruction of social order the first step
in their own enfranchisement. But to the occupations of
a varied industry, which depend for their success upon the
cultured brain and deft hand, knowledge like liberty and
law is not only desirable, but essential. Technical educa-
tion is of the very essence of their prosperity. But this
education is not necessarily narrow and restricted to de-
tail. It reaches out in its comprehension to the principles
which underlie a great industrial, commercial and agricul-
tural prosperity, and perceives with clear vision the foun-
dation upon which the superstructure of progress has been
erected. It sees that these principles and this foundation
are the laws of a free and strong government, upheld by a
people who know and love them. From this perception
the flower of patriotism springs as naturally as the flower
of the field from its natural soil. This practical educa.
tion, springing from the avocations of a people, adds in-

17

calculable strength to free institutions. With the vast
growth of population and a ballot possessed by all, educa-
tion is the solution of many of the doubtful questions
which are now rapidly rising upon the future horizon; in-
deed, to many thinking men, it is their only solution. Not
the education of the philosopher, the theorist and the
dreamer, but that of practical men of affairs, who under-
stand how to work effectively, and to apply acquired
knowledge to produce results, and who seek to know for
the benefits that may come to them from the knowledge.
With a people that have settled a countr}^ possessing' some
surpassing natural product or advantage, the division of
classes is wide and permanent. The owners of the soil or
their immediate agents dwell upon it but to gather in as
rapidly as possible the wealth it yields, which is generally
sufficientlj'" great to be spent elsewhere in the more luxuri-
ous quarters of the world. It is too early yet, perhaps, to
talk of absentee landlordism in this country, but absentee
ownership of the productive industry of a people is a bad
thing for progress and uncongenial soil for freedom. If
the owners permanently inhabit the land, it is some great
city which has become affluent as the distributing centre
for the country's product, or in mansion houses, or planta-
tion halls which resemble the ducal seats of old.

Labor is vassalage not in name, perhaps, or in law, but
in substance nevertheless, with the most hopeful right pos-
sessed, the right to go elsewhere. A single industry of
overwhelming importance excludes other and ordinary oc-
cupations. The laborer, discontented with his lot, cannot
seek other employment ; his only resource is to abandon
the locality. The population is constantly shifting, that
portion which remains permanent is satisfied with mere
existence or with provision for mere animal wants. If
liope and ambition ever existed in their breasts, they have
forever died out. The gulf between them and the next
class above is too vast to be crossed. There are no grada-
tions and intermediate steps in the social scale about them

i8

hy which to ascend. They see but two classes, themselves
and the very rich and powerful. To them home is a camp
to be broken if possible, to be endured as shelter if not.
The idea of the independent New England home is but a
dream of the fancy. Men seek homes where they love to
stay and expect to pass their future. They build where it
is well with them, where they believe there exists the best
human advantages they shall attain. The daily life of
such a people accentuates the idea of a sharp division of
society into two classes, and the conviction settles upon
them that accident of birth, with few exceptions, casts the
lot of man. Just as of a people, whose early history was
characterized by violence and a rude and arbitrary admin-
istration of justice, the traditions remain, modifying their
views of the sources of law, and presenting force as a
remedy for public ills, to be used without hesitancy and
without dread, so of a people in whose history the dividing
iline between two great classes has been sharp and deep,
after the conditions which created the division may have
passed away, when the mine has given out, the richness of
the soil become exhausted, or the boundless forests of vir-
gin lumber have been cut down, when the ordinary indus-
tries of men have taken the place of former occupations,
yet the traditions of the earlier day remain, making ever
present in the thought of the people a separation of men
into classes, and the existence of a barrier in social life,
which, while not openl}' recognized, is tacitly acknowl-
-edged, and which equality of political rights cannot entire-
ly obliterate. Generations must pass away in such com-
munities before the idea that there are fixed class distinc-
tions among men can be eradicated. The traditions of a
ilanded aristocracy remain where labor has once been en-
slaved. The gold and silver, the iron and coal, the lumber
and the cotton of this country, as perhaps could not be
avoided in a new land, have made rather too prominent
with us the idea and example of class distinction. It will
•be well for us that they both be somewhat modified in the

19

future. The great evil in a republic of the existence of
any marked class distinction is the popular notion that the
class of wealth and power was created in some way hj law,
and depends for the petpetuity of its privileges upon influ-
encing legislation. There could be hardly any belief en-
tertained by the citizens of a free country more threaten-
ing than that there is behind and before the ballot box a
power which can nullify the popular will as there ex-
pressed. However false and groundless the belief may be,
its existence is always a present danger as a constant
source of unrest, and as furnishing a basis for the appeal
of demagogues on all occasions. That there should exist
in a free country any class distinctions sufficiently marked
to invite and emphasize this belief, is a danger to liberty
and a menace to strong government. As to such distinc-
tions as exist in this country, it is not only desirable, but
probable, that they will pass away with the causes which
brought them into existence. The events and opportuni-
ties which have created some of the most powerful and
distinct classes in this country, it may almost be said, will
never occur again. Doubtless, if in the earlier years of
the nation the great wealth possessed in the public domain
had been comprehended, it would have been disposed of
with a more chary hand, and under regulations that would
have provided for the devotion of some portion of its re-
turns to the common interest. Other nations have been
wiser in this respect. But what has been done cannot be
andone. Titles once vested cannot be disturbed. Some
evils that have resulted from the course pursued must be
endured until time shall mitigate, if not cure their effects.
But with a people engage<l in a varied industry, whose
only wealth comes from the pursuit of the ordinary avo-
cations which are open to all men everywhere, who have
received no peculiar gift from nature and asked no advan-
tage from men, or government, class distinctions, if they
exist at all, are in their least marked and offensive form.
The lines of demarcation are thin and shadowy. The

20

steps of ascent and descent from one to the other are of
easy gradation, they mingle as they join. It is certain that
the divisions are not in their nature permanent. There is
no gulf that may not be crossed. The divisions are un-
marked by the possession by some of a great source of
wealth, hopeless of attainment by others. Wealth and
luxuiy if enjoyed by anj', have been reached through in-
dividual activity or enterprise, far reaching foresight, and
years of toil and thrift and self-denial. No one can chal-
lenge them as seized and appropriated from what was a
common heritage, or as founded upon a denial of that
equality of rights and privileges which far exceeds in value
any wealth of nature. Their possession does not incite
the jealousy and enmity of the many, nor are the advan-
tages which it confers conceded with that sullen acqui-
escence that marks submission to a wrong. It rather
serves as a stimulus to endeavor for all, as a shining goal
for which the contest is a fair and generous rivalry. The
pathway which has led to it is plain to all. It is natural
to humanity to yield to men with willingness and admira-
tion what has been won through superior qualifications, or
has come to them through good fortune, or as an inherit-
ance from the past ; and if as a result, there comes in time
a class in society separated from another with some sharp-
ness of distinction, such a class is not an element of dan-
ger in a republic, but of strength and cohesion. It is an
ever present argument against unrest and turbulence, for
it holds always in its hands the rewards of peace and gen-
tle ways. It has never denied any man's justice or right,-
and looks all other classes in the face fearlessly and speaks-
only words of encouragement. Its members have made
the wealth they enjoy and know its value, or it has come
to them from ancestors who so made it, and who have left
witli their legacies the lesson of thrift and economy. The}^
are guiltless of the offence of lavish and vulgar expendi-
ture. Orders of nobility and titled husbands for tlieir
daughters they rarely purchase. Ostentation and display

21

are avoided, and republican simplicity lives and flourishes
in the locality of its birth.

If there is a class which more than another may be said
to result from a diversified industry and the pursuit by a
people of the ordinary avocations of men, it is a great
middle class, powerful in numbers and intelligence, con-
servative of every acquirement and lesson of the past, pro-
gressive towards every reasonable promise of the future,
wedded to freedom and a strong government, chained to
the rock of sound morals and sound money, believing in
the right of property as one of the dearest rights of man,
frowning upon all schools and 'isms which would deny that
right in its simplicity and entirety, and loving peace and
hating violence. This class, in other days and in other
nations, hasfonght the battle of freedom against priest and
king, and its name is equally hated by the tyrant and the
anarchist. In a republic it stands arrayed against the en-
croachments of an oligarchy and the destructive rule of the
unreasoning mob. Intelligent in a high degree, the so-
phistries of the socialist and the dreamer and the argu-
ments of the subtile and designing are alike put aside with
derision. This larg-e and conservative class have their
stake in this country. Their property and oiterprises are
here. Their investments are, generally speaking, home
investments, and while the class of immense wealth and
power may for a portion of the year have a home in one
pait of the country, and for another in another part, and
for yet another in a foreign land, the members of this class
usually have one home, they usually own it, about it cen-
tres their love and affection, and from it springs the attach-
ment to locality which is the germ of patriotism. Such
local ties of interest and sentiment tinge and guide, if they
do not control their life and thought, both moral and po-
litical, and in days of some unrest in the republic, when
all sorts of ready-made panaceas for social ills are put for-
ward, and varied and variegated 'isms are presented as ral-
lying cries, about which it is hoped men may be organized

22

there is one 'ism to which this middle chass of ours is indis
solubly joined, which they sturdily support, and on all oc-
casions advocate, and that is Americanism. They do not
consider it of much moment whether our domestic policy
meet with the approval or disapproval of other nations,
and they hold that our financial and economic interests
shall be governed by conditions which prevail in this coun-
try, and not l)y those which prevail in any otlier country
whatever, no matter how old, how rich or how powerful
such country may be. They look with some suspicion upori
the kindly interest that certain nations take in our affairs,
and the fear they manifest lest we make mistakes, and by
an independent American policy shut ourselves out of as-
sociation with the brotherhood of the strong foreign na-
tions.

Through all this generous interest and anxious fear they
see the Lion of Old England, the Tri-Color of France and
the Double Eagles of Germany, and they know that, figu-
ratively speaking, these nations are abroad seeking whom
they may devour, and how best they may break down the
barriers that preserv^e to some more weak and foolish na
tion its own commercial and industrial independence. The
victories of the strong nations of the earth in acquiring
power and aggrandizement have been won quite as fre-
quently by protection and guardianship of the weaker as
on fields of battle, and tlie destruction thus A\rought is
more hopeless of repair than the devastation of years of
exhausting war. The destruction of the productive wealth
and energy of India is a sadder sight than pillaged field.s
and burnt cities. The former, humanly speaking, cat
never be restored. No brighter destiny for this country
could be hoped for, tlian that it should be wrought out un-
controlled by foreign influences, and carved in accord witli
no old models, but from such ideals of government and
law and society and business as have ever prevailed in
Essex County, and which have sprung naturall}' from the
character of its citizens and the pursuits and avocations of

23

their lives. The positive element of strength to a repub-
lic from a great middle class is supplemented by a negative-
influence hardly less weighty and beneficial. For, however
large in numl)ers or powerful in wealth and culture such a
class ma}^ l)e, it does not furnish those object lessons of in-
ordinate wealth and power which serve for illustrations in
the picture of injustice and oppression drawn by the radi-
cal reformer and professional agitator. They will never
be designated by the demagogue as robber kings, orbarons-
or lords. The men of many millions, which have been,
acquired in but a small portion of a lifetime, are dangerous^
examples to hold up before unreasoning multitudes. Wise
and loyal men may discern and acknowledge that such
examples are but excrescences upon our social and politi-
cal polity ; that they arise not from our laws and institu-
tions, but exist in spite of them ; the entirely exceptional
events which have created them may be clearly demon-
strated ; the rank dishonor and plunder and violation of
law upon which many of them rest, may be clear to the
thoughtful and observing ; but notwithstanding all that,,
they furnish a dangerous weapon for designing men and a
very torch for misguided enthusiasts and dreamers. But
neither in the sum of wealth and luxury enjoyed, the
methods of their acquirement, nor the manners and habits
of their possessors, will this great class ever be pointed at
by the fair-minded, hardly, indeed, by the unreasoning and
vicious, as a reproach to our liberties.

There are degrees of position in this middle class of
ours, from the possessor of entire independence and leisure •
to the owner of the humble home and moderate depositor
in the savings bank. And this wide range in the social
positions of its representatives makes it influential in num-
bers, as well as in character. The most exalted patriotism
and enlightened public spirit, possessed by but few, can
produce little in the way of practical results in a republic,,
but with numbers it is quite the reverse. To the four mil-
lions of depositors in savings banks in the northern and'.

24

manufacturing states we can add the men who own their own
homes, and we have a multitude whom no man can number,
permanently arrayed in support of freedom and established
government. They can make their influence felt not alone
by precept and example, but by practical manifestation at
the ballot box, and sometimes, when occasion may demand,
by meeting unlawful force with force in a most wholesome
and exemplary manner.

Liberty and a free government have owed much in the
past to the middle classes, and the present outlook is that
they will owe more in the future. There is also a negative
influence for good springing directly from such various
industries and avocations as are pursued in Essex county.
They are in their nature unfavorable to the establishment
of trusts and monopolies, which are also object lessons used
by the disturbers of public repose and enemies of social
order, and which in some of their manifestations are feared
by the wise and thoughtful, as opposed to the spirit of our
institutions, and calculated to alienate the government and
its laws from the affection of the people. While many
trusts have undoubtedly cheapened certain articles of nec-
essar}- consumption, others have become oppressive and are
objects of popular hatred. Their chief danger to the
country is that the field of their contests is apt to be trans-
ferred from the commercial to the political arena. Tri-
umphing over the operation of the ordinary laws of busi-
ness, absorbing or crushing all rivals, they encounter the
hostility of the masses. This hostility is manifested in
political effort for their overthrow. It must l)e met in the
:field in which it is offered. It cannot be met by equality
in numbers or put down in open discussion, and bribery
and corruption become weapons of defence. It is quite
likely that the venal influence of powerful combinations
upon legislation and the judiciary is exaggerated in the
popular mind, and is made the most of by politicians, but
that it should exist in any degree, that it should be a sub-
ject even of discussion, can only be productive of evil to

25

our dearest rights and blessings. There is also abroad the
belief that in some way these powerful aggregations man-
age to evade the laws which are made for their suppres-
sion. The disposition of prosecutors and judges to en-
force them is distrusted, and respect for law and absolute
confidence in its impartial enforcement is weakened. But
such respect and confidence are the very essence of our
freedom and essential to its preservation.

There are no inducements to trusts in the industries of
the peoj^le of Essex. A trust in Essex County farms
could not be dreamed of, and a trust in making cotton and
woollen cloth, and boots and shoes and machinery is hardly
less chimerical. Trusts in some articles of common man-
ufacture have been attempted, but they have generally
been short lived, and their wreck has been sufficiently dis-
astrous to prevent their repetition. The control of the nat-
ural source of supply of some article of common necessit}'^
or utility seems to lie at the foundation of a successful
trust. We have no such source in Essex. Our industries
are founded upon the product of no source that can be
controlled by combination, and only upon such product as
has been bought and sold in the open markets everywhere
and always. We work upon the world's raw materials,
those upon which man's labor has been expended through
all the past, and always will be while time and labor shall
endure, and food and raiment and shelter be the first nec-
•essaries of human existence. In so working statistics
show that no excessive profits have been made by manu-
facturers of Essex County and New England, and the
wealth per capita exceeds that of other portions of the
country. There has been no dependence in the past upon
legislation for the industries which exist here. The people
of Essex have asked for the passage of no laws which
were not national in their scope and effect, and in theory,
at least, of equal benefit to all, and no subsidy or public
bounty has added to our wealth. These conditions are fit
surroundings for the abode of freedom, in its simplicity

26

and its strength, for justice, in its pure decrees and inex-
orable execution. They point witli unerring finger to
a progressive past, and invite the gaze to a like progres-
sive future.

The prosperous industries which have been established
here side by side with the farm, have served in a degree to
keep at home the enterprising and ambitious sons of Es-
sex. While in that great tide of emigration of the best
brain and sinew of New England, which has gone forth to
people the west, Essex County has furnished her quota, it
has not been in such proportions as in other sections. The
field of manufacture has been almost as inviting in its
newness and promise of reward as the great possibilities in
a new state or unsettled territory, and the eager and as-
piring farmer's son has emigrated to the workshop and the
counting room and the warehouse, in preference to joining
the westward moving throng. While these great drafts
have been made upon the east to settled vast areas of new
country, the small county in New Hampshire or Maine or
in some portions of Massachusetts, devoted entirely to
agriculture, may have lost in population, and now show
evidences of hastening decay. No such signs are visi})le
here. There are no abandoned farms in Essex county, as may
be easil}' ascertained by a person desiring to invest in one.
The growth of the industrial centres have furnished the
farmer with a near market for his product and added to
the value ^^■hicll his land possessed for agricultural pur-
poses, a value for building sites, and for public possession
as breathing places for a dense population. And now that
the glow and gloss is somewhat off of western enterprise,
and the first approach of a returning wave of population
and investment to the east can be discerned, it is our priv-
ilege to know that Essex county is already far advanced in
all that a new era of prosperity will accomplisli, and takes
her position in the march of piogress well to the front of
the procession. It is a ])art of the benefits of our diversi-
fied industry that we have had none of those periods of

27

wonderful development, speculation and profit that have-
characterized some portions of the country, and have
thereby escaped the terrible reactions of prostration and
loss that have followed in their wake. The traveller today
through parts of the country may see new villages and
projected cities deserted, palatial hotels, gorgeous opera
houses and massive warehouses standing silent and tenant-
less, mere wreckage upon the commercial sea, telling v^^here
the hopes of individuals and communities have gone
down.

Wherever men have sought to accomplish in a day the
work of generations, inevitable failure has been the result.
The cities, the counties, the states where these lamentable
failures occur often become hotbeds where spring up all
sorts of political heresies and noxious financial theories.
Railings against existing laws and established government
are indulged in, and threats of violent remedies are ut-
tered by bombastic local officials. All this is foreign to
our history. Boom towns and deserted villages have been
rarer in Essex than abandoned farms. And disappoint-
ment and disaster as foundations for political belief and
activities we have never known. Thus do our present
conditions and past history furnish fit surroundings for
the abode both of freedom and her chosen and inseparable
companion, progress. Thus through a varied industry and
ordinary and peaceful pursuits has civilization kept on its
unswerving march. The sturdiness of character, the thrift
and patience of the Essex farmer, have here been supple-
mented by the boldness and enterprise of the merchant
and manufacturer ; together they have permeated the
whole body of our citizenship, producing a resultant of
public character to which the anchor of our liberties may
hold sure and steadfast, and upon which the structure of
our progress may be erected as upon a rock. It is a part
of the hope and promise of the future that the important
questions remaining to be settled in this country are in-
dustrial and practical. The day of sensationalism in

28

American politics is of the past. Liberty in the abstract,
free government as an ideal, are of the earlier times in this
land, when religious and political freedom were what was
sought. And now that these have been established, never
more to be disturbed or questioned, liberty and free gov-
ernment as related to affairs and the material conditions and
welfare of men absorb the attention of the thoughtful and
patriotic. Liberty as equality of opportunity for all, free
government as bestowing an absolute guaranty that the
fruit of human endeavor shall be securely held and en-
joyed, are to be the ultimate beneficence. For the solution
of these questions what force so powerful and wise in the
republic as a body of men of tried patriotism, accustomed
to look at questions in their practical bearing, giving ex-
perience the larger place in all decisions, and theory the
smaller, trained in business, who have learned in counting
room and workshop those fine and delicate elements of
detail that enter into the adjustment of the complicated
relations of capital and labor, who are not to be hurried
along in any drift of popular excitement, but stand ever
poised in intelligence and discipline. To this force Essex
furnishes with pride her quota. She is sure of them in
all times of trial to freedom and sound government. Their
character and qualifications are not the flower of a day,
but the choice growth of generations of culture. They
are both the root and offspring of liberty, the ripe harvest
product of a long past of honest work in the ordinary and
peaceful avocations of men.

SEVENTY-FOURTH

Annual Cattle Show and Fair.

The Cattle Show and Fair of this Society opened'
Tuesday, Sept. 18, 1894, at Haverhill, under favorable
circumstances for a successful fair, with the exhibits-
largely in excess of last year, but Wednesday was dull
and by noon it began to rain, and before night and
through the night there was a perfect downpour, and it
did not clear until late Thursday forenoon, so that a
large number of people were kept at home on account of
the weather. The Superintendent of Grounds and his
assistants worked hard in the pouring rain to get the
live stock under shelter, and they found comfortable
quarters for nearly all. In the exhibition hall the en-
tries, as elsewhere, were largely in excess of last year,
and the quality of the fruit and vegetables never wa&
better, it being thought by some to be the finest display
of fruit ever had in the county.

In the ploughing match, Thursday, there were fifteen
entries, and an active competition took place, with most
excellent results, though the weather being dull, there
were not so many spectators to witness the ploughing as
usual.

At 11 o'clock Thursday, the members of the Society
assembled in the Centre church to listen to the annual
address, delivered by Hon. William S. Knox of Lawrence,
which was highly appreciated by all who heard it.

After the conclusion of the exercises in the church the
annual dinner was served in Tanner's Hall, after which,

30

President Appleton called the assemblage to order, and
after introductory remarks, introduced Mayor Taylor of
Haverhill, who welcomed the Society to Haverhill in be-
half of the citizens, followed by Gen. William Cogswell,
G. C. Rowley, Esq., Delegate from the State Board of
Agriculture, and others, all of whom contributed to the
occasion by interesting remarks.

The entries in the several departments of the Fair for
1894 and 1893 are tabulated for comparison, as follows :

STOCK, IMPLEMENTS, ETC

., ON

FREE SHOW

' GROUNDS.

Class.

From
Entries Different
in 1894. Places
in 1894.

From
Entries Different
in 1893. Places

in 1893.

Fat Cattle,

3

1

2

1

Bulls,

14

7

13

5

Milch Cows,

11

3

3

1

Herds of Milch Cows,

2

2

1

1

Heifers, Pure Bred,

11

2

9

4

Heifers, Native or Grade,

16

6

13

5

Working Oxen and Steers,
Steers,

3
3

2
1

4

8

3
3

Stallions, Farm and Draft,

1

1

3

3

Stallions, for Driving Purposes,
Brood Mares, Farm and Draft,

7
1

7
1

7
0

4

0

Brood Mares, Driving Purp(

Dses,

1

1

18

6

Family Horses,

Gent's Driving Horses,

Farm Horses,

9
5
9

6
4

6

6

8
8

5

4

6

Pairs of Farm Horses, over

2500

lbs.,

11

8

2

2

Pairs of Farm Horses, less

than

2500 lbs.,

8

3

2

2

Colts, Farm and Draft,

8

6

6

6

Colts, Driving Purposes.
Teams used on Farms,

26

6

10
4

14
3

8
3

Swine, Large Breeds,

28

7

15

4

31

Class.

Entries
in 1894.

From
Different

Places
in 1894.

From
Entries Different
in 1893. Places

in 1893.

•Swine, Small Breeds,

•>

1

8

3

Sheep,

10

4

4

2

Poultry,

165

13

95

15

Harrows for Trial,

'I

2

4

2

Agricultural Implements,

20

8

24

9

■^JDarriages,

3

2

4

1

Ploughing,

15

' 6

13

7

Total on Show Grounds,

401 20

297 25

EXHIBITS IN HALL.

Class.

Entries
in 1894.

From

Different

Places

in 1894.

Entries
in 1893.

From

Different

Places

in 1893.

Dairy,

30

8

5

3

Bread and Canned Fruits,

48

13

32

11

Honey,

3

3

2

2

Pears,

174

19

99

15

Apples,

354

19

86

15

Peaches, (liapes and Assorted

Fruits,

112

18

62

11

Plants,

9

5

4

2

Flowers,

84

12

120

9

Vegetables,

32()

17

240

14

Grain and Seed,

41

11

19

7

Counterpanes and Afghans,

71

12

42

7

Carpetings and Rugs,

35

7

19

6

Ai tides Manu'fd from Leathei

1-, 14

4

18

3

Manufactures and General

Mdse.,

5

3

12

8

Fancy Work,

213

16

140

11

Works of Art,

131

14

109

6

Work of Children under 12

years of age,

23

8

12

6

Grange Exhibit,

1

1

1

1

Total in Hall,

1674 27 1022 26

32

Grand total, 2075 entries from 29 out of 35 cities and
towns in Essex County, against 1319 entries IVom 30
cities and towns last year. Essex, Gloucester, Manches-
ter, Nahant, Saugus and Wenham did not have exhibits
this year. The entries were : Amesbnry, 71 ; Andover,
5 ; Beverly, 9; Boxford, 179; Bradford, 151; Danvers,
22; Hamilton, 5; Haverhill, 633: Georgetown, 33;
Groveland, 95 ; Ipswich, 2 ; Lawrence, 82 ; Lynn, 61 ;
Lynnfield, 2 ; Marblehead, 14 ; Methuen, 82 ; Merrimac,
29; Middleton, 9; Newbury, 115; Newburyport, 42;
North Andover, 136; Peabody, 37 ; Rockport, 1 : Row-
ley, 43 ; Salem, 19 ; Salisbury, 6 : Swarapscott, 1 ; Tops-
field, 5; West Newbury, 186.

REPORT OF THE ANNUAL MEETING.

The annual meeting of the Society was held in Grand
Army Hall, Haverhill, Wednesday, Sept. 19, 1894, and
the following business was transacted :

President F. H. Appleton called the meeting to order
at 10.30 A. M., and upon a motion it was voted that the
chairman appoint a committee of three to receive, assort
and count the votes for officers the coming year. Messrs.
Evans of Salisbury, Bailey of West Newbury and Pettin-
gill of Danvers were appointed.

Mr. S. W. Hopkinson of Bradford moved that the sec-
retary be instructed to cast one ballot for Francis H. Ap-
pleton for president ; J. J. H. Gregory, O. S. Butler, H.
G. Herrick, Asa T. NcAvhall, for vice-presidents ; John M.
Danforth for secretary; Gilbert L. Streeter for treasurer;
and it was so voted unanimously.

The secretary cast one ballot as above, and the officers
were declared elected.

On motion of Mr. Butler of Georgetown, it was voted
that the committee chosen by the trustees to see about
getting plans, etc., for a permanent location for the Soci-

ety, now make their report. President Appleton, cliair-
man of the committee, made a report that, according to
estimates obtained by the committee, it would cost about
fl7,000 to purchase land, erect buildings, fence the
grounds, grading, etc., and recommended that the Society
locate in the town of Danvers, provided the}^ could get
land at a reasonable price.

At this time a series of resolutions were presented by a
committee chosen at a meeting of the citizens of Danvers,
asking the Society to locate in that town, and the citizens
of Danvers had pledged themselves to give the Society
one thousand dollars toward the same.

On motion of Mr. Butler of Georgetown, it was voted
that a committee, consisting of the president, secretary,
Sherman Nelson of Georgetown, James C. Poor of North
Andover, Charles C. Blunt of Andover, E. A. Emerson of
Haverhill, M. C. Pettingill of Danvers, Asa T. Newhall
of Lynn, Richard Newell of West Newbury, Edward
Kent of Newbury, and S. D. Hood of Topsfield, be chosen
by this Society, with full power to bond or purchase, grade
and fence land, and erect suitable buildings thereon for the
use of this Society, and the Society hereby authorize the
treasurer of the Society to pay for the same from the
Society's funds, upon the approval of the bills by the pres-
ident and secretary, unless the executive committee deem
it unwise to disturb some of the invested securities, in
which case they are hereby authorized by vote of this So-
ciety to borrow money and mortgage the property and
issue notes for the same, provided that said committee
shall not contract any bills exceeding the invested funds
of the Society. Vote was 81 in affirmative, 11 in negative.
Voted, that the committee shall incur no expense to the
Society beyond the funds of the Society, and establish no
debt.

A vote of thanks was extended to the society for the
use of the church, and to all others who had lent their
assistance in making the fair a success.

Report of Committees.
1894=.

FAT CATTLE.

The Committee on Fat Cattle have attended to their
duties and respectfully report to the secretary that they
have made the following awards : ,

$7. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

pair fat oxen.
$5. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for
best fax ox.
E. G. Nason, A. P. Russell, Joshua H. Chandler — Com-
mittee.

BULLS.

The Committee on Bulls have attended to their duties,

and respectfully report to the secretary that they have

made the following awards :

$7. First premium, to Isaac C. Day, Boxford, for 3-year-
old Ayrshire bull.

.$7. First premium, to A. E. Towne, Georgetown, for
3-year-old Guernsey bull.

35

$7. First premium, to Robert Foss, Hamilton, for 3-
year-old Jereey bull.

87. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for
3-year-old Holsteiii bull.

$5. First premium, to Horace Moody, West Newbury, for
1-year-old Jersey bull.

$5. First premium, to Cochickwick Farm, No. Ando-
ver, for Ayrshire bull, 11 months old, " Dago.''

f 5. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for-
Holstein bull (3 mos. old.

$3. Second premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover,
for Holstein bull, 1 year old.

$5. Second premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West
Newbury, for Holstein bull, 3 years old.

«f3. Second premium, to M. H. Connor, West New-
bury, for Ayrshire bull, 6 months old.
Shorthorn had but one entry, by Thomas Sanders of

Haverhill, but the rules of the Society not being complied

with, no premium was awarded.

The exhibition of bulls was small and not up to the
standard of excellence which should be made by the
farmers of our county. It would seem to be good policy
for the Society to be liberal in its premiums on this class
of stock, in order to induce and encourage larger exhibi-
tions, and to show that good bulls are recognized as the
prime factor in improving our dairy stock. It has become
a well established fact that the sire is the great and para-
mount element in establishing any desired quality which
we may wish in our herds. A farmer may buy a so-called
thoroughbred bull, with a long pedigree, but whose get
will be a disappointment to the breeder, for the reason
that he was not well-bred, or from a strain of stock of the
highest excellence, or perhaps lacking in vigor and energy
to transmit the good qualities of his ancestors. A bull
should not only have a pedigree, but be well-bred, and
have strong points of merit and excellence of his own,

36

witli a strong coustitutiou and masculine energy capable
of imparting those qualities to" bis get. With such an
animal at the head of the herd, and by breeding only from
cows of good milking strains, of robu.st and strong consti-
tutions, the desired result will be attained. By this judi-
cious breeding the farmer will soon build up a herd which
will be a source of profit, and encourage him to improve
and keep to its highest standard. It costs no more to rear
a heifer which will be a deep milker or good butter cow
than a scrub entirel}^ lacking in any of these qualities.
Grades are and no doubt will continue to be the stock for
the common farmer, and every breeder should aim to ob-
tain the highest standard of excellence in this class of
stock. This can only be done by breeding from animals
possessing in a marked degree the qualities desired.

As before remarked, a bull may be a thoroughbred, but
not well-bred, for to be well-bred he must be descended
from a line of ancestors noted for their good qualities and
of vigor enough to transmit the same in a marked degree.
A bull to be a good stock-getter should not have too femi-
nine an appearance, as we have learned from breeding from
such an animal with unsatisfactory results. As an illus-
tration of the ground we have taken we would say that
we have recently been breeding from a Guernsey bull
which we considered a perfect type of what such an animal
should be, as regards breeding, form and general character-
istics, and as a result his get are fulfilling our highest
expectations. We are in hopes to still further improve
upon them by the judicious selection of a bull of a good
milking strain, with energy enough to impart the same
qualities to his get. By following this principle, and
breeding from only our deepest milkers, we expect to build
up a breed which will well repay us in profit and
pleasure.

J. Otis Winkley, Chairman.

37

MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Milch Cows have attended to their
duties, and respectfully report to the secretary that they
have made the following awards :
flO. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

best milch cow, either foreign, native or grade,

Holstein, "Madame Eugeine."
f 5. Second premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Holstein cow, " Myra W."
f 8. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

grade cow, " Avena,'' Holstein and Durham.
$4:. Second premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

grade cow, " Bessie B."
$8. First premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury, for

Ayrshire cow.
$4. Second premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury,

for Ayrshire cow.
John Swinerton, John S. Crosby, Arthur G. Whittier,
Albert Emerson — Committee.

STATEMENT OF JAMES C, POOR.

To the Committee on Milch Cows :

I enter for your consideration for the best milch cows,
either foreign, native or grade, the Holstein cows, "Madam
Eugeine," 9 years old, calved March 8, 1894, is due Feb.
20, 1895 ; in the month of April she gave 1680 lbs. milk.
And " Lady Shepard,"12 years old, calved Aug. 4, 1894 ;
from Aug. 10th to Sept. 10th she has given 1450 lbs.
milk.

For Holstein cows : - Myra W.," No. 10,859, H. F. H.
B., 9 years old, calved May 31, 1894, not bred ; milked in
month of May, 1575 lbs. And '' Betz 2d," No. 1770, H.
F. H. B., 11 years old, calved Feb. 28, 1894 ; bred July
27 ; milked for the month of March, 1395 lbs.

For native or grade cows, 4 years old and upward, the
grade Holstein and Durham 6 years old cow " Overna,"
calved April 20, not bred ; did not go dry last season ;
gave 1530 lbs. milk in June. And the grade Holstein
and Jersey cow " Bessie B.," 4 years old ; calved April
4th, is due in April, 1895 ; from April 20 to May 20 she
averaged 48 lbs. milk per day, or 1440 lbs. in 80 days.

The winter feed of these cows was four quarts gluten
and corn meal and four quarts bran, with oat and corn
fodder and some good hay ; also one feed of roots or cab-
bage once a day ; watered twice a day. Summer feed,
pasture, with three quarts gluten meal. Since Aug. 1st
have been fed oat or corn fodder night and morning.

Respectfully submitted,

Jas. C. Poor.

STATEMENT OF M. H. COXXOR.

To the Committee on Milch Coics :

I enter for premium for milch cows the Ayrshire cow
" Fedalma 4th" ; dropped her first calf Dec. 24, 1889, and
droppedher last calf October, 1893, and due to calve Oct.
8, 1894. Feed in winter, English hay and fodder corn,
with six quarts of gluten meal and shorts ; in summer,
common pasture.

" Brunette 3d," di-opped first calf Jan. 7, 1890 : last calf

39

March 28, 1893, and is due to calve again March 1st, 1895;
feed same as above.

Respectfully submitted,

M. H. Connor.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Herds of Milch Cows have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the secretary that
they have made the following awards :
f 15. First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

herd of six cows.
•$10. Second premium to Thomas Sanders of Haverhill,
for herd of six cows.
N. M. Quint, William Thornton, G. C. jNIartin— (7om-
mittee. '

HEIFERS— PURE BRED.

The Committee on Heifers, Pure Bred, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$5. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Holstein heifer, " Princess," 2 years old.
$5. First premium, to James C. Poor, No; Andover, for

Holstein heifer, ^ Zalma 2d," 1 year old.
13. Second premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West

Newbury, for Holstein heifer. "Jessie A.," 2 years

old.
13. Second premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West

Newbury, for Holstein heifer, " Rosanna O.," 1

year old.
15. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for Ayrshire heifer, "Nellie Da}^, 2d," two years old.
$5. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,

for Ayrshire heifer, •■' Rose Bay, 2d," 1 year old.

40

•*3. Second prenuuni. to J. I). W. French. No. Andover.

for Ayrshire heifer, " Rosary," two years old.
i3. Second premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury,

for Ayrshire heifer, "Lady Essex," 11 months old.
Horace F. Longfellow, A. M. Robinson, S. M. Titcomb,
J. R. Gordon — Committee.

HEIFERS— NATIVE OR GRADE.

The Committee on Heifers, Native or Grade, have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
secretary that they have made the following awards :
•f7. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

grade Holstein in milk. 2 years old.
•15. Second premium, to John F. Swapp, West Newbury,

for grade Holstein heifer in milk, 2 years old.
■f5. First premium, to Horace Moody, West Newbury,

for grade Ayrshire, 2 years old.
•15. First premium, to Chas. W. Webster, Haverhill, for

grade Holstein, 2 years old.
•$3. Second premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover,

for grade Holstein, 1 year old.
•1i3. Second premium, to Horace Moody, West Newbury,

for grade Ayrshire in milk, 2 yeais old.
S. F. Newman, H. A. Hay ward, E. L. Wildes — Com-
mittee.

STATEMENT OF JAMES C. POOR.
To the Committee on Heifer a., Native or Grade :

T enter for your consideration the two year old heifers,
Minnie N., grade Holstein and Durham, calved Aug. 18.
She is giving 13 qts. milk a day. and Jennie J ., grade
Holstein and Ayrshire, calved Sept. 5, is giving 14i qts.
milk a day. Feed, pasture, with 2 qts. gluten meal, and
corn fodder morning and night.

Respectfully submitted,

Jas. C. Pooe.

41
WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

The Committee on Working Oxen and Steers have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the sec-
retary that they have made the following awards:

First premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West
Newbury, for working oxen.
B. First premium, to Horace Moody, West Newbury,

for working steers.
Abel S. Harriman — for the Committee.

STEERS.

The Committee on Steers have attended to their duty,
;and respectful!}' report to the secretary that they have
made the following awards :
#7. First premium, to W. H. Poore, West Newbury, for

3 year old steers.
■f6. First premium, to Horace Moody, West Newbury,

for 2 year old steers.
■$5. Second premium, to George Flook, West Newbury,

for 3 year old steers.
Daniel A. Carlton, Geo. W. Chadwick, John A. Ellis —
■Committee.

TEAMS USED ON A FARM.

The Committee on Farm Teams have attended to their

■duty, and respectfully report to the secretary that they

have made the following awards :

^5. First premium, to W. E. Merrill, West Newbury, for
3 pair horses.

$3. Second premium, to Fred A. Russell, Methiien, for
2 pair horses.

$5. First premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West New-
bury, for 2 pair oxen.

42

John W. Lovett, John T. Elliot, Charles Haseltine —
Committee.

STALLIONS, FARM AND DRAFT.

The Committee on Stallions, Farm and Draft, have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
secretary that they have made the following award :
$6. Second premium, to J. W. Carlisle, Ipswich, for Gray
Percheron stallion.

H. G. Herrick, Peter Holt, jr., M. C. Andrews, Leverett
Swan — Cominittee.

STALLIONS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

The Committee on Stallions for Driving Purposes, have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
secretary that they have made the following awards :
$10. Second premium, to L. K. Morse, Haverhill, for

Chestnut stallion, " Pentucket," with five of his

stock.
16. Second premium, to L. K. Morse, Haverhill, for

Chestnut stallion, 6 years old.
Peter Holt, jr., Edwin H. George, J. D. Drew, J. H-
Perkins, O. S. Butler — Committee.

FAMILY HORSES.

The Committee on Family Horses have attended . to
their duty, and respectfully report to the secretary that
they have made the following awards:
88. First premium, to John O'Connor, West Newbuiiy,

for gray gelding.
$6. Second premium, to John C. Day, Bradford, for bay
mare, 5 years old.

43

$4. Third premium, to Morris S. Hill, Methuen, for
black horse.
Francis H. Appleton, James O. Parker, W. E. Merrill,
Benj. F. Eaton — Committee.

BROOD MARES,— FARM AND DRAFT.

The Committee on Brood Mares, for Farm and Draft
Purposes, have attended to their duty, and respectfully
report to the secretary that they have made the following
award :

$10. First premium, to Charles C. Batchelder, Grove-
land.

Thomas Sanders — for the Committee.

GENTS' DRIVING HORSES.

The Committee on Gents' Driving Horses have at-
tended to their duty, and report that it was the unani-
mous opinion of the committee that none of the horses
exhibited were entitled to first premium.

The second premium was awarded to one horse, but not
complying with the rules of the Society it was withheld.

Richard Newell, M. A. Plummer, W. H. Hayes, Byron
G. Kimball, Fred H. Bates — Committee.

SINGLE FARM HORSES.

The Committee on Single Farm Horses, have attended
to their duty and respectfully report to the secretary
that they have made the following awards :
18. First premium, to A. W. Butrick, Haverhill, for

black horse, weight, 1125 lbs.
18. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover,
for bay mare, weight 1220 lbs.

44

$0. Second premium, to M. M. Jaques, Groveland for

gray mare, weight 1000 lbs.
$6. Second premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover,
for gelding, 4 years old, weight 1300 lbs.
Wm. P. Bailey, E. C. Little, E. A. Emerson, E. A.
Fuller, W. S. Phillips — Committee.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES WEIGHING OVER 2500

LBS.

The Committee on Farm Horses over 2500 lbs., have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the
secretary that they have made the following awards :
$8. First premium, to W. G. Webb, Haverhill, for pair

of horses, weighing 2750 lbs.
$6. Second premium, to A. M. Robinson, No. Andover,
for pair of horses, weighing 3000 lbs.
Isaac F. Knowlton, J. H. McKenney, R. T. Jaques,
Samuel T. 'Poor — Committee.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES WEIGHING LESS THAN

2500 LBS.

The Committee on Pairs of Farm Horses have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the secretary
that they have made the following awards :
$8. First premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury, for

pair gra}' horses, weight 2200 lbs.
$6. Second premium, to George C. Carr, West Newbury,
for pair bay horses, weight 2400 lbs.
B. F. Barnes, C. K. Ordway, Wm. Merriman — Com-
mittee.

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES, THREE AND
FOUR YEARS OLD.

The Committee on Colts for Farm Purposes, three and
four years old, have attended to their duty, and respect

45

fully report to the secretary that they have made the fol-
lowing awards :
$1. First premium, to John C. Day, Bradford, for 4 year

old colt.
$7. First premium, to Isaac C. Day, Boxford, for 3

year old colt.
$5. Second premium, to James C. Poor, No. Audoverr

for 3 year old colt.
■f5. Second premium, to R. Jaques, Newbury, for 4 year

old colt.
S. D. Hood, M. C. Pettingill, D. D. Adams, John H,
George — Committee.

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES, ONE AND TWO
YEARS OLD.

The Committee on Colts for Farm Purposes, one and
two years old, have attended to their duty, and respect-
fully report to the secretary that they have made the fol-
lowing award :

•15. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for
2-year-old colt.

A. B. Fellows, Edw. Harrington, Fred H. ^^oore, Abel
Stickney — Committee.

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES, THREE AND
FOUR YEARS OLD.

The Committee on Colts for Driving Purposes, three and
four years old, have attended to their duty, and respectfully
report to the secretary that they have made the following
awards :
%1. First premium, to Edwin H. George, Groveland, for

4-year-old gelding colt.
$7. First premium, to J. H. Nason, Boxford, for 3-year-
old filly.

46

$5. Second premium, to A. H. Adams. Haverhill, for

4-year-old filly.
$5. Second premium, to L. C. Pemberton, Groveland, for

3-year-old fill}'.
F. A. RiisseU, Walter F. Gould. W. P. Builej— Com-
mittee.

COLTS FOPv DRIVING PURPOSES, ONE AND
TWO YEARS OLD.

The Committee on Colts for Driving Purposes, one and
two years old, have attended to their duty, and respect-
fully report to the secretary that they have made the fol-
lowing awards :

S5. First premium, to A. Lincoln Lewis, Bradford, for
2-year-old colt.

$5. Fu-st premium, to Barro, Bradford, for yearling

colt.
$3. Second premium, to George B. Parkhurst, Boxford,

for 2-year-old colt.
i3. Second premium, to Sylvester P. Smith, Haverhill,
for yearling colt.
Peter Holt, Jr.. M. C. Andrews, Jos. H. Blunt, O. S.
Butler — Committee.

SWINE— LARGE BREEDS.

The Committtee on Swine, Large Breeds, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$6. First premium, to Charles H. Leach, Topsfield, for

Chester sow and nine pigs.
$6. First premium, to Charles T. Balch, Groveland, for

Yorkshire sow and twelve pigs.
86. First premium, to Horace Moody, West Newbur}^, for

grade Yorkshire sow and nine pigs.

47

$6. First premium, to A. W. Butrick, Haverhill, for
Berkshire sow and pigs.

$6. First premium, to A. W. Butrick, Haverhill, for
Berkshire boar.

$6. First premium, to E. G. Nason, West Newbuiy, for
six Chester weaned pigs.

86. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Cheshire
sow and six pigs.

$6. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Chester
white boar.

$Q. First premium, to W. L. Hill. Peabody, for Cheshire
boar.

•'S6. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Yorkshire
boar.

$4. Second premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Chester
white sow and nine pigs.

$i. Second premium, to W. L. Hill. Peabody, for York-
shire sow and nine pigs.

$4. Second premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Berk-
shire boar.

$4. Second premium, to Isaac C. Day, Boxford, for six
weaned pigs.
Charles M. Lunt, J. Arthur Lamson, George A. Dow,

John C. Tarlton — Committee.

SWINE— SMALL BREEDS.

The Committee on Swine, Small Breeds, have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the secretary that
they have made the following awards :
'^6. Fii*st premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for small

Yorkshire boar.
$4. Second premium, to W. L. Hill. Peabody, for small
Yorkshire sow and pigs.
Geo. L. Burnham, Virgil Dow, Isaac C. Day — Com.
mittee.

48

SHEEP.

The Committee on Sheep have attended to their dut}>
and respectfully report to the secretar}^ that they have
made the following awards :
i8. First premium, to Richard Newell, West Newbury,

for Southdown buck.
■18. First premium, to Richard Newell, West Newbury,

for ten grade sheep.
$8. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for

ten grade Shropshire sheep.
$5. First premium, to J. D. W. French, No. Andover, for

five grade Oxforddown lambs.
$5. First premium, to Isaac C. Day, Boxford, for four

Southdown lambs.
$6. Second premium, to Isaac C. Day, Boxford, for ten

Southdown sheep.
$3. Second premium, to M. H. Toomey, Newbury, for four

lambs.
C. C. Blunt, J. H. Perkins, Edwin Bates, E. G. Nason—
Committee.

POULTRY.

The Committee on Poultry have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the secretary that they have
made the following awards :
$2. First premium, to G. S. Smith, Haverhill, for Buff

Plymouth Rock chicks.
$1. Second premium, to G. S. Smith, Haverhill, for Buff

Plymouth Rock chicks.
$2. First i)remium, to W. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

Silver Polish chicks.
12. First premium, to W. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for B.

P. Brown Leghorn chicks.
|2. First premium, to W. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for ten

Brown Leghorn fowls.

49

$1. Second premium, to W. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

pair S. C. Brown Leghorn fowls.
$1. Second premium, to W. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

trio Light Brahma fowls.
$2. First premium, to W. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for ten

Indian Game fowls.
$2. First premium, to W. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for trio

Barred Plymouth Rock fowls.
$5. First premium, to W. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

poultry appliances.
$2. First premium, to John F. Jackson, Georgetown, for

ten White Wyandottes.
$1. Second premium, to Charles F. Balch, Groveland, for

Light Brahma chicks.
$1. Second premium, to John O'Connor, West Newbury*

for Red Game fowls.
$2. First premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Mottled Anconas.
fl. Second premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Mottled Anconas.
f2. First premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

White Phmiouth Rocks.
$2. Fii-st premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Black Minorcas.
^2 . - First premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Silver Spangled Hamburgs.
f2. First premium, to Anson L. Griffin, Lawrence, for

Buff Leghorns.
$2. First premium, to Elmer E. Durkee, West Peabody,

for Light Brahma chicks.
$2. First premium, to J. H. Thompson, Haverhill, for

pen Plymouth Rock chicks.
$1. Second premium, to Wm. S. Dole, Groveland, for

Barred Plymouth Rock'^fowls.
$2. First premium, to Sylvester P. Smith, Haverhill, for

Andalusian chicks.

50

$1. Second premium, to L. W. Rogers, West Newbury,

for Golden Wyandotte fowls.
$2. First premium, to Thomas Sanders, Haverhill, for pair

Game fowls.
$2. First premium, to S. F. Chase, Haverhill, for pen

Black Langshan fowls.
•fl. Second premium, to S. F. Chase, Haverhill, for pair

Black Langshan fowls.
$2. First premium, to S. F. Chase, Haverhill, for Black

Langshan chicks.
Diploma to S. F. Chase, Haverhill, for Barred Plymouth

Rock chicks.
$1. Second premium, to S. F. Chase, Haverhill, for Sil-
ver Wyandotte fowls.
$2. First premium, to S. F. Chase, Haverhill, for Silver

Wyandotte chicks.
II. Second premium, to S. F. Chase, Haverhill, for

Barred Plymouth Rocks.
$2. First premium, to S. F. Chase, Haverhill, for Light

Brahma fowls.
$2. First premium, to Mrs. M. A. Dummer, Newbury, for

Partridge Cochin fowls.
$2. First premium, to Geo. H. Greenman, Haverhill, for

Black Cochin fowls.
$2. First premium, to Geo. H. Greenman, Haverhill, for

Black Cochin chicks.
$2. First premium, to George C. Perkins, Haverhill, for

Black Java fowls.
$2. First premium, to George C. Perkins, Haverhill, for

Black Java chicks.
$1. Second premium, to O. D. Morgan, Groveland, for

S. L. Wyandotte chicks.
-'^2. First premium, to O. D. Morgan, Groveland, for S.

L. Wyandotte chicks.
$2. First premium, to Elwood T. Wildes, Georgetown,

for Silver Polish fowls.

51

$1. Second premium, to Elwood T. Wildes, Georgetown,

for Silver Polish chicks.
|2. First premium, to H. D. Ellis, Haverhill, for pen

White Leghorn chicks.
|1. Second premium, to H. D. Ellis, Haverhill, for trio

White Leghorn chicks.
$2. First premium, to Chas. C. Chase, Haverhill, for

Partridge Cochin.
Diploma to Chas. C. Chase, Haverhill, for pen of White

Plymouth Rocks.
$2. First premium, to Chas. C. Chase, Haverhill, for

White Plymouth Rock chicks.
$1. Second premium, to Chas. C. Chase, Haverhill, for

S. Combed Brown Leghorn chicks.
$1. Second premium, to Harry Noyes, Haverhill, for

Black Breasted Bantam chicks.

11. Second premium, to R. C. Tewkesbury, Amesbury,

for White Langshan chicks.
$2. First premium, to R. C. Tewkesbury, Amesbury, for
Dark Brahma chicks.

12. First premium, to R. C. Tewkesbury, Amesbury, for

Dark Brahma fowls.
12. First premium, to R. C. Tewkesbury, Amesbury, for

English Red Cap fowls.
$2. First premium, to R. C. Tewkesbury, Amesbury, for

Black Spanish fowls.
12. First premium, to R. C. Tewkesbury, Amesbury, for

White Muscovey ducks.
12, First premium, to R. C. Tewkesbury, Amesbury, for

Colored Muscovey ducks.
15. First premium, to M. H. Sands, Amesbury, for flock

Single Comb Brown Leghorns with statement.
f2. First premium, to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for White

Houdan fowls.
12. First premium, to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for Golden

Wyandotte fowls.

52

$2. First premium, to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for White

Woodland chicks.
$1. Second premium, to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for White

Woodland chicks.
$1. Second premium, to Wm. C. Goodwin, Haverhill, for

Black Java chicks.
$2. First premium, to Tuxbury Bros., Amesbury, for

Wlute Langshan fowls.
fl. Second premium, to Tuxbury Bros.. Amesbury, for

White Leghorn fowls.
$2. First premium, to Tuxbury Bros., Amesbury, for

White Langshan chicks.
$2. First premium, to Tuxbury Bros., Amesbury, for

White Wyandotte chicks.
'fl. Second premium, to Tuxbury Bros., Amesbury, for

White Wyandotte chicks.
^1. Second premium, to Oscar Go wan, West Newbury,

for Red Game Bantam chicks.
%2. First premium, to Harry 0. Wales, Bradford, for

Bantams.
$2. First premium, to J. W. Brown, Rowley, for pen

Black Minorca chicks.
$1. Second premium, to J. W. Brown, Rowley, for pair

Black Minorca chicks.
$2. Firsc premium, to Charles Collingill, Haverhill, for

Red Game Bantam chicks.
#2. First premium, to J. Hanson & Son, Groveland, for

Pekin ducks.
€2. First premium, to A. W. Riley, Haverhill, for Bra-
zilian ducks.
fl. Second premium, to A. W. Riley, Haverhill, for

White Plymouth Rock fowls.
iL Second premium, to A. W. Riley, Haverhill, for

Black Minorca fowls.
f2. First premium, to A. W. Riley, Haverhill, for

Houdan Cross fowls.

53

$1. Second premium, to A. W. Riley, Haverhill, for

Houdan fowls.
|2. First premium, to John Rodgei-s, West Newbury, for

B. R. Game fowls.
$2. First premium, to John Rodgers, West Newbury, for

Game fowls.
$2. First premium, to John Rodgers, West Newbury, for

Blue Pyle chicks.
$1. Second premium, to Edmund Tardiff, Methuen, for

Black Langshan chicks.
$1. Second premium, to Thomas H. West, Haverhill, for

White Pekin ducks.
$1. Second premium, to E. E. Hill, Haverhill, for R. B.

B. Game Bantam fowls.
Diploma to Eugene Roaf, Newburyport, for Pen Barred

Plymouth Rocks.
$2. First premium, to A. W. Butrick, Haverhill, for

native turkey.
$2. First premium, to A. W. Butrick, Haverhill, for

brood of native turkeys.
J. H. Tenney, F. G. Phillips, A. F. Tenney — Committee

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAMS.

The Committee on Ploughing with Double Teams have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the sec-
retary that they have made the following awards :
$10. First premium, to C. K. Ordway & Son, West New-
bury, four oxen.

John L. Shorey, Abel Stickney, George L. Averill —
Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAMS, SWIVEL

PLOUGH.

The Committee on Ploughing with Double Teams,
Swivel Plough, have attended to their duty, and respect-

54

fully report to the secretary that they have made the
following award :

•f 8. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, four
horses.
Andrew Dodge, A. P. Fuller — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES, ANY PLOUGH EX-
CEPT SWIVEL.

The Committee on Ploughing with Horses, with any
Plough except Swivel, have attended to their duty and re-
spectfully report to the secretary that they have made the
following aAvards :
i8. First premium to F. H. Poore, West Newbury, 4

horses.
$8. First premium to Carlton Little, Newbury, 2 horses,

"" Eagle plough No. 20."
$6. Second premium to W. E. Merrill, West Newbury, 2

horses, Hussey plough.
f4. Third premium to John F. Hills, West Newbury, 2

horses, Hussey plough.
L. H. Bailey, M. H. Poor, H. M. Goodrich, C. N. Ma-
guire, C. F. Appleton — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH TWO HORSES, SWIVEL

PLOUGH.

The Committee on Ploughing with Two Horses, Swivel
Plough, have attended to their duty, and respectfully re-
port to the secretary that they have made the follow-
ing awards :

$8. First premium to A. M. Robinson, No. Andover, Ty-
ler plough. No. 76.

55

i6. Second premium to M. H. Carr, West Newbury, Cli-
max plough, No. 30.
Benj. P. Ware, George W. Bray, E. Pope Barrett, Geo.
S. Weston — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH THREE HORSES.

The Committee on Ploughing with Three Horses have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the sec-
retary that they have made the following award :
18. First premium to W. E. Merrill, West Newbury.

Nath'l P. Perkins, Edwin Bates, A. A. Rutherford —
Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOUGH.

The Committee on Ploughing with Sulk}^ Ploughs, have
attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the sec.
retary that they have made the following award :
18. First premium to Fred A. Russell, Methuen, Syracuse
plough.

Andrew Mansfield, David M. Cole. Charles F. Austin —
Committee.

PLOUGHING BY BOYS LESS THAN FIFTEEN
YEARS OF AGE.

The Committee on Ploughing by boys have attended to
their duty, and unanimously recommend the following :
•$8. First premium to Charles S. Little, Haverhill, Sulky
plough.

Asa T. Newhall — for the Committee.

56

HARROWS.

The Committee on Harrows have attended to their duty^
and respectfully report to the secretary that they have
made the following awards :

•$8. First premium to Charles S. Little, Haverhill, " Mor-
gan Spading harrow."
$6. Second premium to Geo. H. Rogers, No. Andover,
" New Acme harrow."
J. J. H. Gregory, F. H. Foster, E. A. Emerson, B. P.
Pike, T. H. O' Neil— Committee.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

The Committee on Agricultural Implements have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the secre-
tary that they have made the following awards:
$5. First premium to J. W. Gordon, Haverhill, for im-
proved inarket wagon.
•f3. Gratuity to J. H. Nason, Boxford, for a superior mar-
ket wagon.
$5. First premium to Geo. E. Daniels, Rowley, for 2 horse

cart.
$1. Gratuity to Geo. E. Daniels, Rowley, for pair of

wheels.
$4. Gratuity to H. H. Spofford, Groveland, for farm wag-
ons and carts.
'flO. First premium to Hanscom Bros., Haverhill, for col-
lection of implements.
-fl. Gratuity to James W. Bowdoin, Haverhill, for tree

protector.
$2. Gratuity to J. J. H. Gregory, for collection of imple-
ments.
$1. Gratuity to Daniel Fuller, Topsfield, for storm door

for carriage.
$2. Gratuity to Robert A. Amend, West Newbury, for
collection of imjjlements.

57

1. Gratuity to Eobert A. Amend, West Newbury, for

water elevator and purifying pump.
1.50. Gratuity to Oicar Gowen, West Newbui-y, for

Main's green bone cutter.
Benj. P. Ware, Albert Emerson — Committee.

CARRIAGES.

The Committee on Carriages have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the secretary that they
have made the following awards :

Gratuity to H. H. Storey, agent, Merrimac, for God-
dard buggy.

Gratuity to T. W. Lane, Amesbury, for phaeton
buggy.
$3. Gratuity to T. W. Lane, Amesbury, for Republican
wagon.
Aaron Sawyer, J. A. J. Sawyer, Geo. E. Daniels — Com-
mittee.

IN EXHIBITION HALL.

DAIRY.

The Committee on Dairy have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the secretary that they have
made the following awards :
$4. Second premium, to Oscar Gowen, West Newbury,

for greatest yield of butter, from a single cow with

statement.
$1. First premium, to J. S. Tuck, Georgetown, 5 lbs.

butter.
I>5. Second premium, to W. H. Stevens, West Newbury,

for 5 lbs. butter.
^8. Third premium, to Mrs. H. G. Bartlett, Salisbury, for

5 lbs. butter.
$1. First premium, to W. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

Light Brahma eggs.
$1. First premium, to W. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

Wyandotte eggs.
$1. First premium, to W. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for B.

Leghorn eggs.
$1. First premium, to W. W. Osgood. Haverhill, for

Indian Game eggs.
$'\ . First premium, to Elmer E. Durkee, West Peabody,

for Light Brahma eggs.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON DAIRY.

The dairy interests of New England stand to-day the
chief corner-stone of her agriculture, furnishing employ-
ment to a large proportion of our farmers, and meanwhile

59

transforming the sweet herbage of her hillsides into milk
and butter, which so readily find a market in our adjacent
villages.

Massachusetts has nearly two hundred thousand cows
valued at some seven millions of dollars, while our county
of Essex has fifteen thousand, valued at six hundred
thousand dollars, an average of i40 per head.

The sale of milk, cream and butter for this state amounts
to nearly fifteen million dollars annually, more than any
other single agricultural product. Of more value than the
combined hay and grain crop and nearly one third the
value of all farm products taken together.

That this great industry, so vital to the welfare of the
farmers of New England, should be fostered, passes without
controversy, and of the numerous methods for so doing,
none can be more productive of good results than such
methods as shall encourage a desire to learn more fully the
details of the business.

Our experimental stations are doing a noble work in
this direction which must be productive of grand results
during the coming years, the more important of which
are the testing of the different breeds of cows, the value
of different kinds of fodders and their compounding, in-
vestigation of the process of butter making, etc.

A hardly less important work is that of having these re-
sults adopted by the farmer, and to popularize the work of
the stations is, I believe, one of the large fields of useful-
ness for our agricultural societies.

To this end our societies should offer premiums tending
to draw out the thought of the exhibitor, as well as the
product of his labors.

Your committee found eight samples of butter entered
for their consideration, and it is, perhaps, needless to state
that all of the samples were well made ; were we to criticise
we should suggest more attention to the extraction of the
buttermilk and a more even salting of the butter.

A neat and attractive print should also be considered as

6o

it is well known that the appearance of an article goes far
towards the selling of it.

We would suggest that the society furnish their com-
mittee in the future with a scale of points, by which to
judge the exhibit. It would assist the committee in their
duties and at the same time could be made of service to
the exhibitors, showing them wherein their butter was de-
fective. Further we would suggest that the society request
a more extended statement from the exhibitor than is now
usually made, the statement being too frequently a per-
functory affair containing little of real merit, and not in
keeping with the intent of the society when it offered
so liberal a premium as is given in this department.

We found but one competitor for the premium to be
awarded for the statement showing the largest quantity of
butter from any quantity of milk, the product of a single
cow, that of Mr. Oscar Gowen, of West Newbury. His
statement shows that the milk from a grade Ayrshire cow
produced one lb. butter from less than sixteen lbs. of milk,
the feed being pasture and two quarts of meal. This is a
very commendable showing. As the statement was not, in
the opinion of your committee, so explicit and extended as
was desired, it was decided to award the second premium of
four dollars.

Your committee found entered upon their book several
lots of eggs. This was found to be according to the in-
structions of the society. As the premiums aie offered un-
der the poultry department, tliat committee acting upon the
grounds a mile away from the hall and with no notice that
such entries had been made in their department, they could
not be expected to pass upon them. Your committee, there-
fore, under instructions from the society awarded upon this
exhibit. We found several plates of 13 eggs ; as the rules
call for but 12 we were obliged to pass several of them, and
the others were judged with the knowledge that the com-
mittee wei'e acting in a department foreign to them. We
can hardly understand the need of this offer upon eggs.

6i

It seems uncalled for and we would recommend that it be
abolished or, at least, given in charge of its appropriate com-
mitttee.

Respectfully submitted,

John Q. Evans,

Chairman.

STATEMENT OF OSCAR GOWEN.

The cow 1 wish to enter for premium for the first week
in June, July, August and September for amount of butter
from any quantit}^ of milk, is a grade Ayrshire. She
dropped her last calf Jul}^ 9, 1893 and is due to come in in
January, 1895.

First week in June, 144 lbs. milk, which made 9 lbs. but-
ter. Her feed was pasture only.

First week in July, 161 lbs. milk, which made 10 lbs.
butter. Her feed was pasture, one quart corn meal and
two quarts shorts.

First week in August, 75 lbs. milk, which made 6i lbs.
butter. She was kept in the barn and fed on buckwheat
in blossom and one quart of corn meal.

First week in September she gave 112 lbs. milk, which
made 7 lbs. butter. Her feed was pasture, corn fodder and
two quarts of corn meal.

Owing to the buffalo fly I do not think that the cow
gave nearly as much as she would, and it has been very
dry this season.

O. GOWEN.

STATEMENT OF J. S. TUCK.

These six lbs. of butter were made from the milk of
Guernsey and Jersey cows. My milk was set in pans about
two thirds full and skimmed in 36 houra. After enough

62

cream was collected, it was churned and washed in two
waters and salted at the rate of one ounce of salt to one
pound of butter. After standing 48 hours, it was worked
over and stamped.

J. S. Tuck.

STATEMENT OF W. H. STEVENS.

The butter exhibited by me was made as follows :
The milk was set in large glass jars, partly immersed in
cold water. Milk drawn therefrom after twelve hours set-
ting, and the cream ripened twenty-four hours in a glass
jar, then churned in a Davis Swing Churn. As soon as it
became granulated, it was washed in cold water in the
churn, and salted with one and one eighth ounces of salt to
the pound. After standing twelve hours, it w^as worked
with a lever butter worker and moulded for market.

W. H. Stevens.

STATEMENT OF MRS. H. S. BARTLETT.

The milk of which this butter was made was drawn
from the cow in the usual way, was set in shallow pans and
the cream taken off in about twenty-four hours, the cream
in the pot was stirred every time a fresh quantity was
added, and after standing about twelve hours in a tempera-
ture of from 65 to 70 degrees, was churned in a common
revolving churn. The butter was taken from the churn
and thoroughly washed, then worked and salted. After
standing twelve to twenty-four hours it was worked again
and stamped as you see it. There was no ice used in mak-
ing it, and no coloring matter of anj'^ kind put in. The
cow had a good pasture and one quart of gluten meal
daily and nothing more.

Mrs. H. S. Bartlett.

63

BREAD AND CANNED FRUIT.
The Committee on Bread and Canned Fruit have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :
$3.00. First premium, to Lizzie J. Wilson, Beverly, for

white bread.
12.00. First premium, to Mrs. Edwin Haseltine, Haverhill,

for graham bread.
$2.00. Second premium, to Mrs. G. L. Burnham, No.

Andover, for white bread.
$1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. G. L. Burnham, No.

Andover, for graham bread.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Annie L. Cole, West Box-
ford, for brown bread.
$1.00. Third premium to Mrs. Melissa Andrews, Brad-
ford, for white bread.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Frank W. Poor, Haverhill, for

white bread.
.50. Gratuity, to Clara L. Bailey, Andover, for brown

bread.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Edwin Haseltine, Haverhill, for

brown bread.
$3.00. First premium, to Mrs. C. O. Barker, No. Andover,

for thirty-eight jars canned fruit.
$2.00. Second premium, to Mrs. T. Hale, Rowley, for

canned fruit.
$1.00. Second premium, to I. F. Day, Hamilton, for nine

jars canned vegetables.
$3.00. First premium, to E. J. Andrews, Boxford, for

dried apples.
$2.00. Second premium, to Nellie Spofford, Boxford, for

dried apples.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Thaddeus Hale, Rowley, for

jellies.
.50. Gratuity, to C. L. Abbott, Haverhill,f or beach plums.
Clara A. Hale, Mrs. J. H. Chandler, Mrs. B. F. Hunt-
ington— Committee.

64

STATEMENT OF WHITE BEEAD MADE BY MRS. LIZZIE J.

WILSON.

Two quarts wheat flour, two tablespoon fuls salt, four
tablespoonfuls sugar, one-half compressed yeast cake, one-
half pint milk and warm water. Let rise over night. Bake
one hour. This makes two loaves.

STATEMENT OF WHITE BREAD MADE BY MRS. GEO. L.

BURN HAM.

Three quarts of " Purity " flour, a brand of Haxall, one
pint of milk scalded, one pint of water, one tablespoonful
butter, one tablespoonful sugar, one teaspoonful salt, one-
half compressed yeast cake. Moulded fifteen minutes and
let rise over night, put into pans and let rise to twice
original size. Baked three-quarters of an hour, in moder-
ate oven.

STATEMENT OF GRAHAM BREAD MADE BY MRS. EDWIN

HASELTINE.

Two cups of milk, one-half cup of yeast, two tablespoon-
fuls of molasses, a teaspoonful of salt, one-half of soda,
two cups of Graham meal and Haxall flour enough to stir
stiff, let rise over night; in the morning cut it down, let rise
again, then mould and put in the tins, let rise twice its
size. Bake one hour.

STATEMENT OF BROWN BREAD MADE BY MRS. ANNIE L.

COLE.

This bread was made as follows : Two cups of Indian
meal, thi-ee cups of rye meal, one small cup of molasses,
one pint of water, one teaspoonful of soda, one teaspoon-
ful of salt, and steamed three hours.

STATEMENT OF MRS. THADDEUS HALE.

CANNED FRUITS.

Make a syrup of one to two cups of sugar and a quart
of water, according to the acidity of the fruit to be canned.
Cook until you are sure all the fruit is boiling hot, then

65

•can. In canning plums, pears and peaches, after removing
the skins I boil them in clear water before putting them in
the syrup, this makes the syrup clearer.

JELLIES.

Boil fruit in porcelain kettle twenty minutes. Strain
through fine cheese cloth. Boil five minutes. Allow one
pound of sugar to pint of juice. Heat sugar. Boil one
minute after adding sugar.

SPICEB CURRANTS.

Three pounds of sugar, one pint of vinegar, tablespoon-
ful of cloves, cinnamon and allspice. Make into a syrup,
add six pounds of currants ; boil twenty minutes.

HONEY.

The Committee on Honey have attended to their duty,
and respectfully report to the secretary that they have
made the following awards :
^3. First premium, to John Barker, No. Andover, for

honey in comb and strained.
•$2. Second premium, to Oscar Gowen, West Newbury,

for honey.
$1. Gratuity, to Edwin Haseltine, Haverhill, for honey.
Henry Alley, John J. Gould, F. W. Poor — Committee.

PEARS.

The Committee on Pears have attended to their duty,
and respectfull}^ report to the secretary that they have
made the following awards :
^3.00. First premium, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover,

for D'Anjou.
$3.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, West Newbury, for

Clairgeau.
$3.00. First premium, to E. Hutchins, Haverhill, for Seckel.

66

$3.00. First premium, to Frederic Lamson, Salem, for Belle

Lucrative.
$3.00. First premium, to G. Mclntire, Lawrence, for Cornice,
$3.00. First premium, to James Wilson, Topsfield, for

Onandago.
$3.00. First premium, to Allen Barr, Lawrence, for Vicar.
$3.00. First premium, to Allen Barr, Lawrence, for Beurre Bosc,
$3.00. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for

Bartlett.
$3.00. First premium, to W. A Stewart, Haverhill, for

Louise Bonne.
$3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Duchess.
$3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Lawrence.
$6.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for collection

15 varieties.
$3.00. First premium, to Albert Emerson, Haverhill, for

Sheldon.
$1.50. Gratuity, to Michael Shea, Lawrence, for Sheldon.
.50. Gratuity, to W. H. Hayes, No. Andover, for Flemish
Beauty.
$1.00. Gratuity, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for D'Anjou.

.50. Gratuity, to T. P. Hale, Rowley, for Seckel.
$1.50. Gratuity, to W. M. Cole, Boxford, for Duchess.

.50. Gratuity, to P. M. Neal, Lynn, for Flemish Beauty.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Jesse Blake, Beverly, for de Congress.

.50. Gratuity, to G. Mclntire, Lawrence, for Seckel.
$1.00. Gratuity, to G. Mclntire, Lawrence, for Bosc.
$1.00. Gratuity, to J. McKergen, Dan vers, for de Congress. _
$1.00. Gratuity, to S. J. Barr, Lawrence, for Lawrence.

.50. Gratuity, to William Hilton, Bradford, for Flemish
Beauty.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Walter B. Allen, Lynn, for Urbaniste.
.50. Gratuity, to Walter B. Allen, Lynn, for Bonne de
Jersey.
$1.00. Gratuity, to J. L. Knight, Haverhill, for Beurre Bosc.
$1.00. Gratuity, to C. M. Lunt, Newbury, for Bansoch.
$1.50. Gratuity, to C. M. Lunt, Newbury, for Clairgeau.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, ior Bartlett.

.50, Gratuity, to Abel Stickney, Groveland, for Flemish
Beauty.

67

$1.00. Gratuity, to E. F. Webster, Haverhill, for Seckel.
.50. Gratuity, to E. F. Webster, Haverhill, for Flemish
Beauty.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. Harmon, Haverhill, for Sheldon,
.50. Gratuity, to Eben Webster, Haverhill, for Belle

Lucrative.
Peter M. Neal, B. F. Stanley, Thomas P. Hale, Charles W,
Woods, A. C. Osborne — Committee.

APPLES.

The Committee on Apples have attended to their duty
and respectfully report to the secretary that they have
made the following awards :

$3.00. First premium, to C. M. Lunt, Newbury, for Baldwin.
$3.00. First premium, to S. B. George, Groveland, for Dan-

vers Sweet.
$3.00. First premium, to R. B. Day, Groveland, for King of

Tompkins.
$3.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for Red

Russett.
$3.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Bailey's Sweet.
$3.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Smith's Cider.
$3.00. First premium, to E. M. Richardson, Groveland, for

Tolman Sweet.
$3.00. First premium, to S. Titcomb, West ISTewbury, for

Drap d'Or.
$3.00. First premium, to Enoch Adams, Groveland, for Hub-
bard ston.
$3.00. First premium, to H. A. Poore, Haverhill, for Porter.
$3.00. First premium, to Mrs. Horace Ware, Marblehead, for

Pickman Pippin.
$3.00. First premium, to Edwin P. Noyes, Newbury, for Rox-

bury Russett.
$3.00. First premium, to Michael Shea, Lawrence, for

Gravenstein.

68

^3.00. First premium, to D. A. Illsley, Newbury, for Hunt's

Russett.
^3.00. First premium, to A. Sylvester, Haverhill, for R. I.

Greening.
^3-00. First premium, to Abel Stickney, Groveland, for Snow-
apple.
-$3.00. First premium, to H. M. Killam, Boxford, for Sweet

Baldwin.
^6.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

collection.
$1.50. First premium, to N. E. Ladd, Groveland, for Hyslop

crab apple.
^1.50. First premium, to H. S. Savory, Groveland, for Wolf

River crab apple.
$1.50. First premium, to Geo. F. Sanger, Peabody, for

President.
$1.50. First premium, to Mrs. J. P. Jones, Georgetown, for

Maiden Blush.
-^1.60. First premium, to George G. Carr, West Newbury, for

Gloria Munde.
■$1.50. Gratuity, to G. W. Chadwick, Boxford, for collection.
$1.00. Gratuity, to W. M. Cole, Boxford, for collection.
$1.00. Gratuity, to E. J. Andrews, Boxford, for collection.
$1.00. Gratuity, to A. S. Langley, Groveland, for Groveland.
$1.50. Gratuity, to T. P. Hale, Rowley, for collection.
$1.00. Gratuity, to C. K. Ordway, West Newbury, for a new

apple.
$1.50. Gratuitj^, to G. W. Pratt, Danvers, for a new apple.
•$1.50. Gratuity, to G. W. Richardson, Lynn, for Wealthy.
$1,50. Gratuity, to W. H. Hayes, No. Andover, for Northern

Spy.

$1.00. Gratuity, to C. L. Sargent, Haverhill, for Northern

Spy.

$1.50. Gratuity, to C. M. Lunt, Newbury, for Mcintosh Red.
$1.50. Gratuity, to W. Smith, Rowley, for Sweet Baldwin.
^1.00. Gratuity, to B. Griffin, Lawrence, for collection.
$1.50. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for Washington.
.^2.00. Gratuity, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for apples.

T. C. Thurlow, Edward K. Lee, Andrew Nichols, B. F.
3Iuntington, William Willcomb — Committee.

69
PEACHES, GRAPES, AND ASSORTED FRUIT.

PEACHES.

The Committee on Peaches, Grapes and Assorted Fruits-
have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the:
secretary that they have made the following awards :
$2.00. First premium, to Minot Killam, Haverhill, for Late-
Crawford.
$2.00. First premium, to John Barker, No. Andover, for

Old Mixon.
$2.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Essex Go^

seedling.
$3.00. First premium, to W. M. Hayes, No. Andover, for

collection of peaches.
$6.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for assortecJ

fruit.
$1.00. Gratuity, to S. M. Titcomb, West Newbury, for Old

Mixon.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Frederic Lamson, Salem, for sweet peaches^
$1.00. Gratuity, to John Q. Evans, Salisbury, for Late Craw-
ford.
$1.00. Gratuity, to E. P. Sargent, Merrimac, for seedling.
$1.00. Gratuity, to E. H. Foster, Haverhill, for Foster'*

seedling.
$1.00. Gratuity, to E. H. Foster, Haverhill, for Crawford.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. C. Granville, Newburyport, for

peaches " Stump of the World."
.50. Gratuity, to G. W. Chadwick, Boxford, for Woodside-

GRAPES.
$3.00. First premium, to C. B. Somes, Groveland, for Niagara.
$3.00. First premium, to J. F. Keif, Haverhill, for Brighton.
$3.00. First premium, to J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

Delaware.
$3.00. First premium, to Charles Knight, Haverhill, for

Concord.
$3.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for

Hartford Prolific.
$7.00. First premium, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for

collection, ten varieties.

70

^3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Wordeu

Seedling.
^3.00, First premium, to C. M. Lunt, Newbury, for Moore's

Early.
$2.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for collection ten

varieties.
"$1.00. Gratuity, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for Green

Mountain.
^1.00. Gratuity, toW. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for Niagara.
^1.00. Gratuity, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for Brighton.
.75. Gratuity, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for Florence.
.75. Gratuity, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for Moore's

Early.
^75. Gratuity, to Charles Knight, Haverhill, for Pock-

lington.
,50. Gratuity, to Geo. D. Walton, Peabody, for Pocklington.
-.50. Gratuity, to Jennie P. Carlton, West Newbury, for

Concord.
..50. Gratuity, to S. J. Barr, Lawrence, for Worden's Seedling.

PLUMS.
1^2.00. First Jpremium, to G. W. Chadwick, Boxford, for

Damson.
^2.00. First premium, to H. A. Poor, Haverhill, for plums.
•$2.00. First premium, to G. W. Richardson, Lynn, for Mange.
^2.00. First premium, to S. J. Barr, Lawrence, for Yellow

Egg.
^2.00. First premium, to Otis F. Brown, Peabody, for

Golden Drop.
42.00. First premium, to R. B. Day, Groveland, for Pond's

Seedling.
-$2.00. First premium, to R. B. Day, Groveland, for Green

Gage.
•$2.00. First premium, to R. B. Day, Groveland, for Selwyn's.
■$2.00. First premium, to J. H. Tenney, Rowley, for Reine

Claude.
42.00. First premium, to J. H. Tenney, Rowley, for Quack-

enboss.
42-00. First premium, to Abel Stickney, Groveland, for

McLaughlin.

71

^2.00. First premium, to Charles F. Knight, Newbury, for

Purple Egg.
^2.00. First premium, to Charles F. Knight, Newbury, for
Ked Seedling.
.50. Gratuity, to Charles F. Knight, Newbury, for Green

Gage.
.50. Gratuity, to Charles P. Knight, Newbury, for Lombard-

QUINCES.
^3.00. First premium, to C 0. Barker, No. Andover, for
Orange quince.

.50. Gratuity, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover, for
Champion quince.

.76. Gratuity, S. P. Smith, Haverhill, for Pear quince.

.50. Gratuity, to Albert Emerson, Haverhill, for Pear
quince.

.50. Gratuity, to L. K. Pemberton, Groveland, for Orange
quince.

The Committee on Peaches, Grapes and Assorted Fruits,
would beg leave to make the following additional report.
We were pleased to note the increased interest taken in our
department, and the attention given to table fruita.

We have seldom, if ever, seen as large and beautiful dis-
play, as at the exhibition of 1894. Peaches: We find
premiums to be awarded to best yellow flesh and best white
flesh Essex Co. seedling. Also, for best collection. Most
exhibitors supposed that Essex County seedling meant
the best seedling peach raised in Essex Co. But we learn
from good authority that there is a distinct variety of peach,
bearing the name of Essex County Seedling. This is con-
founding, and we would suggest that peach be given an-
other name. Also, that any seedling peach raised in Essex
•county, which has received an award for two consecutive
years, should be named by the grower or society, and there-
after be designated by said name. We would call attention
to some very excellent seedling peaches exhibited.
One was called the Foster seedling, probably a seedling
from the well known Foster peach, and in quality, quite

72

equal to its parent, of good size and beautiful in appearance^
Also a white fleshed peach exhibited by Frederic Lamson^
of Salem, of delicious flavor, and well worthy of cultivation.

Plums: A premium is offered for a plate of plums. We
think it would be better to name the several varieties and
the number necessary to constitute a plate, either nine or
twelve specimens, then there would be more uniformity in
display. We would call attention to a small green plum of
most excellent quality, exhibited, which appears to be very
nearly related to the famous Green gage, which doubtless
holds a like position in plums as the Seckel pear does in
pears. The claim made for this plum was, that all sprouts
from the tree would produce the same variety of fruit,
hence it must needs be a seedling. We deem it of highest
excellence, and well worthy of the attention of the Society^
We prefer ten drops of honey, like this, to a tablespoon-
ful of sorgum syrup from the mammoth varieties.

Quinces : In the matter of quinces we find no definite
number named for a display. The exhibit was good and
we were much gratified to note that a majority of the-
growers still hold on to the Orange quince — although it
may not be quite as large as some of the other varieties,
holds as yet, we think the first place in quality. The Anglers-
and Portugal varieties have until recently only been used
as stocks for making dwarf pears. The Champion appears
to be the best and must have sprung from the Rhea's
seedling, one of the pear shaped varieties.

(Trapes: The grapes were of most excellent quality, as
all fruits are this year. But the committee were of the
opinion that some of the exhibits must have been raised on.
girdled vines. In most Horticultural Societies, such
fruit so raised, is not allowed to compete for a premium.

We would ask that some ruling be made by the society,,
in this matter, and the same be stated in connection with
the premiums offered in future, for the awarding commit-
tee's guidance.

J. W. (lOODELL, Chairman.

73
PLANTS.

The Committee on Plants have attended to their duty
and respectfully report to the secretary that they have
made the following awards :

$10.00. First premium, to Joseph J. Conley, Newburyport,
for collection,
$5.00. Second premium, to Edward Flynn, Lawrence, for

collection.
$L00. First premium, to T. J. King, West Newbury, for

ferns.
$5.00. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury, for col-
lection of evergreens.
$1.50. Gratuity, to Wood, Haverhill, for chrysanthemums.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Fred Bonin, Haverhill, for catcus.
$1,00. Gratuity, to George Bonin, Haverhill, for catcus.
.50. Gratuity, to E. A. Manser, Bradford, for cotton plant.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Carrie A. Keyes, Haverhill, for
begonia.
T. J. King, H. W. Marsh, Bertha A. Chandler, S. Alice
George, Willard P, Smith — Committee.

FLOWERS.

The Committee on Flowers have attended to their duty
and respectfully report to the secretary that they have
made the following awards :
$5.00. First premium, to Mrs, C. N. S. Homer, Georgetown,

for one hundred specimens native flowers,
$3.00. Second premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for one

hundred specimens garden flowers.
$2.00. First premium, to B. F. Bickum, Haverhill, for pair

bouquets native flowers.
$2.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for

basket garden flowers.
$2,00. First premium, to Nettie L, Webster, Haverhill, for

native flowers,
$2.00, First premium, to T, C, Thurlow, West Newbury, for

hardy phlox.

74

$2.00. First premium, to Myra B. Branscom, Haverhill, for

pansies.
$1.00. First premium, to Joseph J. Conley, Newbury port, for

12 Ig. dahlias.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. A.,^Cain, Lynn, for 12

double geraniums.
$1.00. First premium, to Abbie L, Cain, Lynn, for garden

annuals.
$1.00. First premium, to Abbie L. Cain, Lynn, for 12 pompon

dahlias.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. M. E. Burleigh, Haverhill, for

12 nasturtiums.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. M. E. Burleigh,, Haverhill, for

12 vict. astors.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. M. E. Burleigh, Haverhill, for

12 zinneas.
$1.00. First premium, to Albert E. Cain, Lynn, for 24

marigolds.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, jfor

24 French marigolds.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for

coxcombs.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Geo. L. Burnham, No.

Andover, for collection sweet peas.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. M. E. Burleigh, Haverhill, for

12 Dianthus.
$1.00. First premium, to Miss I. Finley, Bradford, for single

petunias.
$1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. Edwin Haseltine, Haverhill,

for pair bouquets.
$1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. G. L. Emerson, Haverhill,

for pair garden bouquets.
$1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. N. E. Ladd, Groveland, for

basket garden flowers.
$1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. M. E. Burleigh, Haverhill,

for pansies.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Stanley P. Ladd, Groveland, for collection

73 wild flowers,
$1.00. Gratuity, to Andrew Lackey, Haverhill, for collection

of dahlias.

75

^1.00. Gratuity, to Wm. Ferguson, Groveland, for gladiolus.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Fred Luce, Haverhill, for collection

carnations.
451.00. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury, for col.

lection of roses.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Fred A. Luce, Haverhill, for 24 African

marigolds.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Fred A. Luce, Haverhill, for 2 varieties
astors.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Amesbury, for single

dahlias.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for 12 single

geraniums.
.50. Gratuity, to Abbie L. Cain, Lynn, for 24 zinneas.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. G. Mclntire, Lawrence, for

scabiosis.
.50. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury, for

delphiniums.
.50. Gratuity, to Joseph J. Conley, Newburyport, for

French cannas.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss C. M. Webster, Haverhill, for dahlias.
.75. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury, for
gladiolus
$5.00. Gratuity, to Ettore Tassinari, Danvers Asylum, for
pyramid of flowers.
J. H. Keif, E. E. Woodman, Mrs. J. Henry Hill, Mrs.
David Warren — Committee.

VEGETABLES.

The Committee on Vegetables have attended to their

duty and respectfully report to the secretary that they

have made the following awards :

$3.00. First premium, to Lyman George, Methuen, for Dan-
vers yellow globe onions.

3.00. First premium, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury, for
yellow flat onions.

•3.00. First premium, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury, for Red
flat onions.

76

3.00. First premium, to John W. Parkhurst, Boxford, for

Early Rose potatoes.
3,00. First premium, to Geo. L. Averill, No. Andover, for

Beauty of Hebron potatoes.
3.00. First premium, to W. W. Osgood, Haverhill, for

Clark's No. 1 potato.
3.00. First premium, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Pearl of Savoy potato.
3.00. First premium, to C. W. Go wen, West Newbury, for

Early Maine potato*
3.00. First premium, to A. P. Russell, Methuen, for Savoy

cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to A. P. Russell, Methuen, for Red

cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to A. P. Russell, Methuen, for Bay

State squash.
3.00. First premium, to Fred A. Russell, Methuen, for Stone

Mason cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury, for

All Season's cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Fottler's

Brunswick cabbage.
3.00. First premium, to T. C. Durkee, West Peabody, for

cauliflower.
2.00. First premium, to F. W. Poore, Haverhill, for celery.
3.00. First premium, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury, for

marrow squash.
3.00. First premium, to A. G. Whittier, Bradford, for Turban

squash.
3.00. First premium, to W. Ferguson, Groveland, for

Hubbard squash.
3.00, First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Marblehead

squash.
3.00. First premium, to F. A. Russell, Methuen, for Essex

Hybrid squash.
3.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Butman

squash.
2.00. First premium, to W. H. Hayes, No. Andover, for

Nut melon.

11

"2.00. First premium, to A. G. Whittier, Bradford, for Musk

melon.
2.00. First premium, to W. H. Hayes, No. Andover, for

Salmon flesh melon.
2.00. First premiun, to Virgil Dow, Methuen, for water

melon.
3.00. First premium, to C. W. Gowen, West ISTewbury, for

tomatoes.
•5.00. First premium, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover,

for collection vegetables.
3.00. First premium, to Wm, Burke Little, Newbury, for

Eclipse beet.
3.00. First premium, to A. G. Whittier, Bradford, for

Dewings beet.
3.00. First premium, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Edmunds beet.
3.00. First premium, to Wm. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Short horn carrot.
3.00. First premium, to Fred A. Russell, Methuen for

Danvers carrot.
3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for mangel

wurtzel.
3.00. First premium, to H. H. Stiles, Middleton, for white

top turnip.
3.00. First premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury, for

yellow ruta baga.
3.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for white

ruta baga.
3.00. First premium, to F. A. Russell, Methuen, for parsnips.
3.00. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for early

Corey corn.
3.00. First premium, to F. A. Russell, Methuen, for late

sweet corn.
3 00. First premium, to Andrew Lane, Rockport, for cran-
berries.
5.00. First premium, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover,

for collection of vegetables.
2.00. Second premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for

Savoy cabbage.

78

2.00. Second premium, to C. R. Anderson, Boxford, for

Stone mason cabbage.
2.00. Second premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for All

Seasons cabbage.
2.00. Second premium, to M. H. Connor, West Newbury, for

Fottlers Brunswick.
2.00. Second premium, to W. I. Chadwick, Boxford, for Red

cabbage.
3.00. Second premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for cauliflower.
2.00. Second premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for cranberries.
1.00. Third premium, to N. Foster, No. Andover, for cran-
berries.
1.00. Gratuity, to J. W. Goodsell, Haverhill, for Hubbard

squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to J. W. Goodsell, Haverhill, for marrow

squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to C. R. Anderson, Boxford, for Edmunds

beet.
1.00. Gratuity, to John H. George, Methuen, for Dan vers

onion.
1.00. Gratuity, to Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover, for late

sweet corn,
1.00. Gratuity, to Homer Dow, Methuen, for Early Essex corn.
1.00. Gratuity, to H. M. Killam, Boxford, for cranberries.
1.00. Gratuity, to C. W. Webster, Haverhill, for Early

Crosby corn.
.50. Gratuity, to T. C. Durkee, West Peabody, for mangel

wurtzel.
.50. Gratuity, to Virgil Dow, Methuen, for parsnips
L. H. Bailey, David Warren, J. Warren Moar, Harry W.
Munroe, John J. Mason, Asa F. Lee — Committee.

GRAIN AND SEED.

The Committee on Grain and Seed have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the secretary that
they have made the following awards :

$1.00. First premium, to C. F. Austin, Boxford, for Brockton
pole beans.

79

1.00. First premium, to J. A. Andrew, Boxford, for white

kidney beans.
1.00. First premium, to C. W. Webster, Haverhill, for peck

of rye.
1.00. First premium, to Oscar Gowen, West Newbury, for

buckwheat.
1.00. First premium, to Oscar Gowen, West Newbury, for

cranberry pole beans.
1.00. First premium, to C. K. Ordway, West Newbury, for

California beans.
2.00. Second premium, to D. M. Cole, Boxford, for yellow

rice pop corn.
1.00. First premium, to William Thurlow, Boxford, for

Goddard bush beans.
5.00. First premium, to H. M. Killam, Boxford, for field

corn "angel of midnight."
3.00. Second premium, to J. W. Yeaton, Georgetown, for

field corn " Pentucket."
2.00. Third premium, to J. C. Talton, West Newbury, for

field corn "Longfellow."
3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for pop corn.
1.00. First premium, to L. W. Smith, West Newbury, for

yellow eyed beans.
1.00. First premium, to H. M. Killam, Boxford, for peck

shelled corn.
1.00. First premium, to C. W. Gowen, West Newbury, for

horticultural bush beans.
1.00. First premium, to Eben Webster, Haverhill, for pea

beans.
1.00. First premium, to D. H. Felton, Peabody, for peck

barley.
Richard Webster, C. D. Ordway, George B. Austin — Com-
mittee.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

The Committee on Counterpanes and Afghans have at-
tended to their duty, and respectfully report to the secre-
tary that they have made the following awards :

8o

$2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. William Sumner, Newburyport, for

counterpane.
2.00. Gratuity, to Annie F. Willis, Haverhill, for quilt.
2.00. Gratuity, to A. S. Folsom, Georgetown, for quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. G. Huse, Haverhill, for silk quilt.
1.50. Gratuit}', to Mrs. S. M. Beach, Lawrence, for cotton

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. R. C. Harriman, Haverhill, for

cotton quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Lillie Ellis, Bradford, for velvet quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary F. Willis, West Newbury, for

silk quilt.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. William McKean, Salem, for cotton

quilt.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. Geo. M. Paul, Haverhill, for cigar

ribbon quilt.
.75. Gratuity, to Flora A. Danforth, Newburyport for

cigar ribbon quilt.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. Julia A. Cain, Lynn, for silk quilt.
.75. Gratuity, to L. H. C. Folsom, Georgetown, for afghan.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. W. Nutter, Haverhill, for afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. H. Gate, Haverhill, for silk quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to E. L. Tewkesbury, Haverhill, for cotton

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. H. Higgins, Newburyport, for

cotton quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. Harriman, Haverhill, for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Otis Priest, Haverhill, for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. W. Bennett, Haverhill, for quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to J. E. Kimball, Haverhill, for silk quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Nathan Stanley, Newburyport, for

cigar ribbon quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Bertha Wilson, Bradford, for leather

quilt.
.50. Gratuity to Mrs. A. E. Leach, Haverhill, for cotton quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. W. Killam, Boxford, for cotton

quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. H. Sands, Amesbury, for quilt.
«50. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. E. Carrew, Methuen, for quilt.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Henry Hussey, Haverhill, for afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Olive Coffin, Haverhill, for afghan.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. W. H. Spear, Haverhill, for afghan.
.50. Grg,tuity, to Mrs. E. W. Page, Amesbury, for silk quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to L. L. Phipps, Salem, for silk quilt.
Mrs. F. J. Bradley, Bessie M. Swan, Mrs. E. J. Burnham,
Mrs. Richard Newell — Committee.

CARPETING AND RUGS.

The Committee on Carpeting and Rugs have attended
to their duty, and respectfully report to the secretary that
they have made the following awards : —
$4.00. First premium, to Mrs. Margie Nutter, Haverhill, for

drawn rug.
2.00. Second premium, to Mrs. Addison Head, Haverhill, for

drawn rug.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. David Fernald, Haverhill, for collec-
tion of drawn rugs.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Moses E. Cook, Newbury port, for

braided rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. S. Folsom, Georgetown, for rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Thomas W. Quimby, Haverhill, for

braided rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. L. Withington, Newburyport, for

collection silk rugs.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. E. M. Pettingill, West Newbury, for

knit silk rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to McGregor, Lawrence, for hand woven rug.
.75. Gratuity, to J. W. Frederick, Methuen, for drawn rug.
.75. Gratuity, to Edith Pinkham, Haverhill, for rug.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. R. C. Wood, Haverhill, for P. B. rug.
.75. Gratuity, to Carrie Webster, Haverhill, for button rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Annie T. Crowell, Haverhill, for drawn rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Sarah E. Smith, West Newbury, for

drawn rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. A. Sands, Amesbury, for drawn

82

50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary P. Chase, Kewburyport, for

drawn rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. James B. Shaw, Amesbury, for

woolen rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. W. Wentworth, Haverhill, for

knit rug,
.50. Gratuity, to A. M. Coffin, Haverhill, for drawn rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Edwin West, Haverhill, for rug.
Mrs. Geo. C. Bradley, Mrs. Oliver Taylor, Mrs. Chas. W.
Go wen, Mrs. S. F. Newman — Committee.

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.

The Committee on Articles Manufactured from Leather

have attended to their duty, and respectfully report to the

secretary that they have made the following awards :

$5.00. First premium, to F. G. Richards, Haverhill, for car-
riage harness.

2.00. First premium, to W. W. Bennett, Lynn, for pair of
shoes.

Diploma to H. B. Goodrich & Co., Haverhill, for exhibit of
shoes.

2.00. Gratuity, C. K. Fox, Haverhill, for collection of shoes.

5.00. Gratuity, to F. G. Richards, Haverhill, for collection of
harnesses.

2.00. Gratuity, to J. J. Brimblecom, Haverhill, for display
of shoes.

2.00. Gratuity, to Pentucket Shoe Co., Haverhill, for collec-
tion of shoes.

2.00. Gratuity, to F. S. & H. H. Gage, Haverhill, for exhibit
of shoes.

2.00. Gratuity, to Burnham & McGregor, Haverhill, for ex-
hibit of shoes.

2.00. Gratuity, to C. C. Fisher, Lawrence, for carved chair.

John Perkins, W. C. Allyn, Geo. W. Sargent, Frank J.-
Bradley, A. P. Jaques — Committee.

FANCY WORK.

The Committee on Fancy Work have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the secretary that they
have made the following awards :
$3.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. F. Sweetser, Merrimac, for fancy

work.
3.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Bradley, Haverhill, for case fancy

work.
3.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. Head, Methuen, for drawn work.
3.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Beach, Lawrence, for drawn work.
3.00. Gratuity, to Miss West, Bradford, for doylies.
3.00. Gratuity, to Miss Franzbleau, Haverhill, for shawl.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Harry Emery, Haverhill, for doylies.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Nutter, Haverhill, for underwear.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Coffin, Newburyport, for scarf.
2.00. Gratuity, to Miss Richey, Haverhill, for table set.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Emma Bartlett, Haverhill, for lace.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Emma Bartlett, Haverhill, for lace.
1.00. Gratuity, to Edith Piper, Newburyport, for lace.
1.00. Gratuity, to Susie Eastman, Haverhill, for sofa pillow,
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Hoyt, Haverhill, for scarf.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Durgin, Haverhill, for shawl.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Dickenson, Haverhill, for doylies.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Titcomb, West Newbury, for Mexican

work.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs, Cooper, Methuen, for sham.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Goldthwaite, Groveland, for fancy

work.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. N. L. Sumner, Newburyport, for

scarf,
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Sawyer, Haverhill, for centre piece.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Harriman, Haverhill, for pillow shams.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Blunt, No. Andover, for table cover.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Bartlett, Salisbury, for table set.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Tewkesbury, Haverhill, for table set.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Edgerly, Haverhill, for lace.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. R. C. Wood, Haverhill, for mittens.

.60. Gratuity, to Mrs. Gale, Haverhill, for needlebook,

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Bryant, Haverhill, for tidy.

84

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Wharton, Haverhill, for tidy.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Coffin, Haverhill, for box.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Merrill, Haverhill, for apron.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Clark, Newburyport, for point lace.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Hoyt, Haverhill, for tray cloth.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Tilton, Haverhill, for night dress,
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Ordway, Haverhill, for moss pictures.
.50. Gratuity, to V. V. Moulton, Boxford, for mittens.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Fernald, Haverhill, for sofa pillow.
,50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Kneeland, Georgetown, for chair and

sofa.
,50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Higgins, Newburyport, for fancy

work.
Sarah Frances Franklin, Nellie A, Huntington, Mrs. F. G.
Richards — Committee.

WORKS OF ART AND DECORATED CHINA.

The Committee on Works of Art have attended to their
duty and respectfully report to the secretary that they
have made the following awards :

^3.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. F. C. Naylor, Haverhill, for paint-
ing, " Kenosa Lake."
3.00. Gratuity, to Helen E. Carrew, Methuen, for painting,

"Fruit."
3.00. Gratuity, to S. F. Franklin, Bradford, for painting,

" House in Bradford."
3.00. Gratuity, to Gertrude Stanwood, West Newbmy, for

sketches.
3.00. Gratuity, to Gertrude Stanwood, West Newbury, for

painting, " Study of Head."
3.00. Gratuity, to Gertrude Stanwood, West Newbury, for

sketches,
3.00. Gratuity, to Miss H. F. Tenney, Georgetown, for

painting, "Hut."
2.00. Gratuity, to Mabel Batchelder, Bradford, for painting,

"Bull's Head."
2.00. Gratuity, to Sadie F. Franklin, Bradford, for painting

"Rocks Bridge."

2.00. Gratuity, to Gertrude Stauwood, West Newbury, for

pen and ink sketches.
1.00. Gratuity, to Sadie F. Franklin, Bradford, for oil painting
1.00. Gratuity, to E. A. Page, Lynn, for " Interior of Fish

house."
1.00. Gratuity, to Inez Tilton, Bradford, for " Still Life."
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Bingham, Lawrence, for water color.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Bingham, Lawrence, for water color.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. D. Tenuey, Georgetown, for wood

carving.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss H. F. Tenney, Georgetown, for

painting, " Strawberries."
3.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Kimball, Bradford, for painted fish set.
3.00. Gratuity, to Miss Biugham, Lawrence, for painted

lamp, jar, and tray.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Kimball, Bradford, for painted bowl.
2.00. Gratuity, to Miss Bingham, Lawrence, for fish set.
1.50, Gratuity, to Edith Piper, Newburyport, for jardiniere.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Nellie Reed, Beverly, for postage

stamp plate.
,50. Gratuity, to Miss Julia Davis, Haverhill, for postage

stamp plate.
The Committee regret their inability to give to Miss Ruth
Farnsworth of Boston, only an honorable mention of her mer-
itorious work, but according to the rules, a non-resident of the
county cannot compete for a premium.

Alfred A. Ordway, John W. Tilton, Mrs. E. B. Bishop, Mrs.
N, E, Ladd, Mrs. B. P. Rale—Comnuttee.

CHILDREN'S WORK.

The Committee on Work by Children have attended to
their duty, and respectfully report to the secretary that
they have made the following awards :
$3.00. First premium, to Anna S. Longfellow, Byfield, for

infant's dress.
2.00. Second premium, to Florence A. Mitchell, Bradford,
for tray cloth.

86

1.00. Gratuity, to Emma Mason, Haverhill, for spread.
1.00. Gratuity, to K. D. Stevens, Lawrence, for decorated

plates.
.75. Gratuity, to Charlotte S. Adams, Xo. Andover, for rug.
.75. Gratuity, to Lizzie AY. Giddings, West Xewbury, for

patchwork quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Lucy Killam, Boxford, for patchwork

mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Gertrude and Cora Wilkins, Middleton, for

afghan.
50. Gratuity, to Gertrude "Wilkins, Middleton, for fancy

work.
.50. Gratuity, to Margaret Sargent, Bradford, for lace

edging.
.50. Gratuity, to Eva M. Adams, Byfield, for apron.
.50. Gratuity, to Etta H. Hicks, Haverhill, for apron.
.50. Gratuity, to Wilfred K. Eeeuey, Haverhill, for patch-
work quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Julia Hosford, Haverhill, for painting.
.50. Gratuity, to Dorothy C. Fuller. Haverhill, for painting.
.50. Gratuity, to Dorothy C. Fuller, Haverhill, for painting.
.50. Gratuity, to Ethel C. Longfellow, Byfield, for charcoal

sketch.
.25. Gratuity, to Millicent Barron, Haverhill, for decorated

plates.
.25. Gratuity, to Julia Hosford, Haverhill, for candy.
.25. Gratuity, to Julia Hosford, Haverhill, for cake.
.25. Gratuity, to Gertrude Wilkins. Middleton, for canned

peai-s.
.25. Gratuity, to Harry C. Wales, Bradford, for photographs.
.25. Gratuity, to Harriet Ingalls, Haverhill, for two mats.
Mrs. H. F. Longfellow, :\rrs. Isaac C. Day, Mrs. Geo. L.
A verill — Comm ittee.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHAN-
DISE.

The Committee on Manufactures and General Mer-
chandise, liave attended to their duty, and respectfully

87

report to the secretary that they have made the following

awards :

$3.00. Gratuity, to Miss Agnes Brisselter, Haverhill, for case

of hair work.
3.00. Gratuity, to C. W. Rhodes, Haverhill, for case of mdse.
2.00. Gratuity, to Jessie Fuller, Haverhill, for gloves and

fancy work.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. Furber, Haverhill, for corsets.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Hunting, Methuen, for corsets.

Warren C. Allyn, Chas. N. Hilton, J. A. Blake, W. J.
Munroe — Committee.

GRANGE EXHIBIT.

$25. First premium, to Haverhill Grange, No. 154, for ex-
hibit.
Sherman Nelson, Willard P. Smith, Mrs. David Warren.
Albert H. Knight — Committee.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ROOT CROPS.

The Committee on Root Crops report that the number
of entries for premium this year was larger than might
have been expected, considering the unfavorable season.
The number of persons making entries in the various
classes was nine, and the number of crops entered was
fourteen. The crops were all visited by a part or all of
the committee, and we wish here to acknowledge the
courtesy with which we were received.

The committee were first called to visit the farm of Mr.
Fred A. Russell, in Methuen, who entered crops of beets,
parsnips, potatoes, squashes and cabbages, for premium.
Mr. Russell's farm is largely intervale land, on the banks
of the Merrimack river, between Lawrence and Haverhill,
easily accessible to the markets of both cities. He is not
a farmer " for fun," but rather for business, and his farm
is a fine example of what can be done in Essex county by

88

the exercise of intelligence and enterprise. The crops
were not fully grown \\ hen seen by the committee, l)ut
they promised well then, and his statements show how they
turned out. The crop of beets entered by him were table
beets for market, and not sugar beets, for which the Society
offers a premium. It was a ver}'- fine crop, and the commit-
tee take the liberty of recommending the award of the first
premium of ten dollars, if the trustees think it admissable^
and if not, they recommend a gratuity of that amount. It
seems as if it is quite as necessary for the Society to en-
courage the culture of table beets in this county as sugar
beets, which are seldom raised, and whose value for sugar
purposes, at least in this region, is more than doubtful.

Mr. Russell's experiment in raising potatoes possesses
much interest, as showing the relative effect upon the crop,
of stable manure and the commercial fertilizer he used.
It was impossible to say which was best from the appear-
ance of the potato tops, and the harvesting showed only a
slight difference between them.

The same day the committee visited the onion crop of
Mr. John H. George, also in Methuen. His onions were
raised on a peat meadow, and the quality, as well as the
quantity of the crop was exceptionally fine, the onions
being of very uniform size and free from small ones. A
noticeable point about his method of culture is the near-
ness of the rows, which he considers an advantage. Tlie
potato crop of Mr. C. H. E. Keilhan was on tlie peat
meadow near the farm of Mr. George. The vines at that
time were very luxuriant, and the croj^ turned out to be
large ; not quite equal, however, to the crops of Mr. Rus-
sell and Mr. Longfellow, where more manure was used.
Mr. J. H. Lunt of Newbury had a fine crop of onions, and
the committee thought that the crops in the rows was quite
equal to Mr. George's, but the rows were further apart, so
that his crop on the half-acre was a little less.

The committee were invited to visit the farm of Mr.
George F. Woodman of Newburyport, who had nearly five

89

acres of very handsome onions. He did not enter them
for premium, but considering the size of the field, it is
worthy of notice as a very remarkable crop.

Mr. Nathan Longfellow of Groveland next entered a
crop of potatoes for premium, which was very excellent,
and proved to be the largest crop brought to the notice of
the committee.

We were next called upon to visit the farm of Mr. David
Warren of Swampscott, well known to the farmers of this
county as the producer of pure and reliable seed, to view
his field of cabbage. They were very uniform in size, the
yield heavy, and the quality of the heads could hardly be
excelled. As they were intended for seed, they could not
be measured or weighed, and it was not easy to decide
whether he or Mr. Russell had the largest crop.

Mr. Charles C. Blunt of Andover entered a crop of
parsnips and a crop of carrots for premium. Both crops
were fine, and the parsnips especially good, Mr. Blunt,
who has a reputation as a successful producer of that vege-
table, saying it was the best crop he ever raised.

The committee next visited the farm of Mr. Daniel A.
Carleton of North Andover, to see his crop of cabbages.
They were the Brunswick variet3% and evidently planted
later than the crcfps of either of his competitors. The
committee thought his crop, though a good one, not quite
equal to either of the others.

Mr. M. H. Connors of West Newbury entered a crop of
cabbages for premium, which was a very fine one indeed,
but not quite equal to the exceptional crops of Mr. Rus-
sell and Mr. Warren. It is remarkable that in such an un-
favorable year so mau}^ crops of the different kinds should
have been entered for premium, which were almost all
exceptionally large. Of course, while visiting these
farms the committee had an opportunity to see other crops
besides those offered for premium, and obtain an idea of
their general management, and one or two points suggested
themselves which are worth noting. The first is the prime

90

importance to the farmer of raising the best varieties of
whatever crop he undertakes to produce. The difference
in the results is very great under the same conditions.
Even if the seed is pure and true to name, one variety of
almost any vegetable or fruit may produce twice as much
as another. New varieties are constantly being intro-
duced, many of them of little value, perhaps, but some of
them are superior, and it behooves the farmer to keep his
eyes open and get the best. The writer of this once tried
an experiment in raising potatoes which exactly illustrates
the point. A tract of land Avas fertilized and prepared for
planting, great care being taken that it should all receive
the same treatment. It was then planted with half a dozen
or more of the most popular varieties of potato then in
cultivation, and all were treated alike.

The yield of each variety was carefully measured, and
it Avas found that the crop ranged from less than two
hundred bushels per acre to about four hundred. Of
course quality, as well as quantity, must be taken into
account, but we fancy that the financial success of the
farmer depends more on the judicious selection of varieties
than he often thinks. Another matter, in raising what are
commonly known as " hoed crops," is the importance of
liaving land that can be cultivated with the least possible
manual labor. In these days of the improved tools and
machinery which we see on our best managed farms, the
farmer can hardly afford to cultivate land that requires
the work to be all done by hand. Many of us can remem-
ber when the only tools used in cultivating " hoed crops "
were the common cultivator, plough and hoe. We recall
with disgust the hot June days when the plough, having
been run once or twice between the rows of corn and pota-
toes, we labored painfully through the low rows, the weeds
and grass as well grown as the crop,' and longed for the
sun to go down. Now, as every one knows, most of the
planting and cultivating can be done by machinery, pro-
vided the land is free from stones and not too hard and

91

rough. By the early use of the proper tools, the weeds
ure not allowed to get a start, and very little hand labor is
required. It seems to us doubtful if the farmer nowadays
can afford to cultivate ground where this cannot be done.

The statements which accompany this report show that,
under proper conditions, the cultivation of the soil here in
Essex county may be made profitable. To this end we
take it that a principle necessity is to reduce the manual
labor to the lowest point, and this requires land not too
expensive to work. Much of the land in this county is
rough and rocky, and should be devoted to other uses
than tillage, but we believe there is enough that can be
profitably occupied to satisf}^ the needs of our farmers for
a long time to come.

The committee recommend the following awards :

CARROTS.

To Charles C. Blunt of Andover, first premium, $10.00

PARSNIPS.

To Charles C. Blunt of Andover, first premium, 10.00

To Frederick A. Russell of Methuen, second

premium, 5.00

BEETS.

To Frederick A. Russell of Methuen, gratuity, 10.00

ONIONS.

To John H. George of Methuen, first premium, 10.00

To J. H. Lunt of Newbury, second premium, 5.00

POTATOES.

To Nathan Longfellow of Groveland, first

premium, 10.00

To Frederick A. Russell of Methuen, second

premium, 5.00

CABBAGES.

To David Warren, Swampscott, first premium, 10.00

To Frederick A. Russell of Methuen, second

premium, ' 5.00

92
SQUASHES.

To Frederick A. Russell of Methiieii. first

premium, 10.00

All of which is respectfully submitted.

Jos. S. Howe, ^

Wm. S. Phillips, Jr. |

JoHx Barker, )> Committee.

Wm. Burke Little,

Chas. W. Or d way,

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF CARROTS RAISED BY C. C,
BLUXT OF AJsrDO\T:R.

Andover, Oct. 29, 1894.
To the Committee on Root Crojys :

The land on which I raised the crop of carrots which I
enter for premium is a light deep loam. The crop of
1892 was cabbage, well manured. The crop of 1893 was
peas, manured with phosphate, at the rate of 800 lbs. per
acre, followed with a crop of barley, ploughed deep in the
fall. This spring ploughed twice, and (1500) fifteen
hundred lbs. of bone phosphate sowed on the half-acre (no
barn manure used) ; harrowed and smoothed with a di-ag .'
thickly sown on the 10th of June, at the rate of 3 lbs. to
the acre. The seed came up well, and kept green and
growing until digging time, with no blight.

COST OF CROP.

Preparation of land,

loOO lbs. phospliate,

Hoeing, weeding and thinning,

Seed and sowing,

Harvesting,

$60 50

$4 50

24

00

18

00

2

50

11

.50

93

VALUE OF CROP.

By 500 bushels carrots, at 50c., $250 00

Cost, 60 50

$189 50

I value the crop at 50 cts. per bushel, as I am selling
for that.

Respectfully submitted,

C. C. Blunt.

I hereby certify that I have measured a field of carrots
for C. C. Blunt, entered for premium, and find it contains
one-half acre.

Having measured the croj) on the above piece, the yield
is (500) five hundred bushels, 55 pounds to the bushel.

S. H. Bailey

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF PAKSNIPS RAISED BY C. C.
BLUNT OF ANDOVER.

Andover, Mass., Oct. 29, 1894.
To the Committee on Root Crops :

The land occupied by the crop of parsnips which I enter
for premium is a dark loam, with gravelly subsoil.

The crop of 1892 was potatoes ; the crop of 1891 car-
rots, manured at the rate of six cords per acre ; land
ploughed in the fall ; in the spring stable manure, at (5)
five cords per acre, and (800) eight hundred lbs. phosphate
used on the half-acre. HarroM^ed and brushed, and four
lbs. seed sowed on the 15th of April.

The crop came up well and was not affected by the
drought.

94

COST OF CROP.

Preparation of land, -$4 50

Manure, 2 1-2 cords, 15 00

Phosphate, 12 80

Hoemg, weeding and thinning, 22 50

Seed and sowing, 5 00

Harvesting, 13 00

VALUE OF CROP.

By 380 bushels parsnips, at $1.00,

Cost,

172 80

$380 00
72 80

$307 20
Respectfully submitted,

C. C. Blunt.

Andover, Oct. 29, 1894.
I hereby certify that I have measured a field of parsnips
for C. C. Blunt,, entered for premium, and find it contains
one-half acre.

Having measured the crop on the above piece, the yield
is (380) three hundred and eighty bushels, 55 pounds to
the bushel.

S. H. Bailey.

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF PARSNIPS RAISED BY FKED-
ERICK A. EUSSELL OF METHUEN.

The piece of parsnips which I enter for premium con-
tains one-half acre. Previous to 1892 the land was in
grass. In 1892 the crop was sweet corn. In 1893 the
crop was early cabbage, followed by late Savoy cabbage.
Early in April, 1894, I applied ten cords of horse stable
manure broadcast, and ploughed eight inches deep. The
soil was then thoroughly pulverized with a wheel harrow,
smoothed with a Thomas smoothing harrow, rolled, and

95

seed sown with a seed drill in rows sixteen inches apart.
They were hoed with Shove hoe four times and weeded
twice. At the second weeding the plants were thinned to
fonr inches apart in the row. The}^ were hoed once with
hand hoes. Commenced jiigging and marketing Sept. 10.

COST OF CROP.
Dr.

To 10 cords manure,

To ploughing,

To harrowing and rolling,

To sowing,

To weeding and thinning,

To Shove hoeing,

To hand hoeing,

To harvesting,

183 80
Or.

By 262 bush, parsnips, at 80 cents, $209 60

Yield per acre, 524 bush, at 80 cents, 419 20

Cost per acre, 167 60

Profit per acre, 251 60

Feederick a. Russell.

This certifies that I have measured the piece of land on
which was raised 262 bushels of parsnips by Frederick A.
Russell, and it contains one-half acre.

N. D. Perey.

140 00

1

00

1

00

60

10

00

3

00

2

00

26

20

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF BEETS RAISED BY FREDER-
ICK A. RUSSELL OF METHUEN.

The piece of beets which I enter for premium contains
one-half acre. Previous to 1891 the land was in grass.
In 1891 the land was ploughed, and twenty two-horse
loads of barn cellar manure per acre applied broadcast.

96

Crop, potatoes. In 1892 manure from stables in the cities
was applied broadcast, at the rate of fifteen cords per acre ;
also one ton of unleached ashes and one ton of coarse
tankage per acre. Crop, early cabbage, followed by Hub-
bard squash. In 1893 twenty cords per acre of horse
stable manure from the cities were applied broadcast.
Crop, beets, followed by spinach and Savoy cabbage. In 1890
20 cords of horse stable manure from the cities were applied
broadcast. Ploughed once at a depth of eight inches,
harrowed with wheel harrow, then with Thomas smoothing
harrow, and then rolled. Sowed to Edmands' beets, at the
rate of ten pounds of seed per acre. A seed drill was
used, and the rows were fifteen inches apart. The field
was cultivated four times with Planet, Jr. hand wheel hoe.

COST OF CROP.

Dr.

To ploughing.

il 00

To harrowing and rolling,

1 00

To 5 pounds seed.

2 00

To sowing,

60

To wheel hoeing four times.

3 00

To thinning and weeding,

15 50

To 10 cords manure.

40 00

$72 10

Cr.

By greens,

$4 20

By 412 bush beets, at 45c.,

185 40

1189 60
Yield per acre, 824 bush., at 45c., 370 80

Yield per acre, greens, 8 40

1379 20
Cost per acre, 144 20

Profit per acre, 235 00

Frederick A. Russell.

97

This certifies that I have measured the piece of land on
which was raised four hundred and twelve bushels of beets
by Frederick A. Russell, and it contained one-half acre.

N. D. Peert.

STATEMENT CONCERNING A CROP OF ONIONS RAISED BY
JOHN H. GEORGE, OF METHUEN.

The crop of 1892 was potatoes. The crop of 1893 was
onions. The soil is peat meadow, ploughed in the fall of
1893, at which time there was a light dressing of coarse
stable manure ploughed in. In the spring of '94 it was
harrowed and brushed ; 1000 lbs. of the Stockbridge onion
manure was applied, brushed in, and the seed (Danvers
Yellow Globe Onion) was sown. There were two pounds
of seed put on the half-acre. There was put on one side
of the piece one cord of as good manure as I had, for the
purpose of testing the value of the fertilizer. The manure
was put on at the rate of 15 cords per acre. The fertil-
izer was applied at the rate of one ton per acre. The fer-
tilizer onions were by far the best as to quantity and qual-
ity. The maggots worked the most where the manure
was ; there were also double the weeds there.

I tried raising onions according to book theory, that is,
by thinning them to four inches apart, and diminished the
yield of my crop by at least 25 bushels by so doing,
although I thinned but a small portion of them.

They were hoed five times, weeded three times, and left
to mature. They cost the least to weed of any crop that
I ever raised. They were not thoroughly weeded at all, as
onion raisers usually weed them, that is, by stirring with
the fingers the soil around them, but just gone through
with and the scattering weeds pulled out.

They were cut out with a wheel hoe, picked up into
crates at once, and stored in the onion house. The yield
was 448 1-2 bushels of the finest onions I ever saw. They

98

"were measured in the crates which the committee saw, 10
•crates topped, and the lot reckoned by their shrinkage. I
have been offered 80 cents per bushel, but prefer to hold
them for advance.

The debit and credit account is as follows :
To ploughing,

To harrowing and fertilizing,
To seed.
To sowing.
To hoeing live times.

To weeding three times, two boys three days,
To four cords coarse horse manure.
To one cord good manure,
To one-half ton Stockbridge onion fertilizer,
To harvesting and storing.
To topping and marketing, at 5 cents per bush.,

To Onion Oroj), Credit.
By 448 1-2 bushels, at 80 cents.

Profit on half-acre, $276 40

Profit per acre, 552 80

Respectfully submitted,

John H. George.
Methuen, Mass., Oct. 5th, 1894.
I hereby certify that I measured the land on wdiichgrew
the crop of onions entered for premium by John H.
•George, and it contained one-half acre.

(Signed) Walter Smith.

$1

25

75

6

00

75

3

75

5

50

12

00

5

00

20

00

5

00

22

40

$82

40

$358 80

82

40

•-STATEMENT OF ONION CROP RAISED ON ONE-HALF ACRE
BY J. H. LUNT OF NEWBURY.

Newbury, Mass., Oct. 29, 1894.
The land was formerly in grass, and was planted with
^potatoes in 1891 and 1892. In 1893 it was sown Avith

99

•onion seed. In 1894 it was again sown with onions, abont
three pounds of seed to the half-acre. Stable dressing was
used, about five cords to the half-acre. 440 bushels 11
pounds of onions were gathered from this piece.

J. H. LUNT.

I hereby certify that I measured the above half-acre for
Mr. Lunt.

Edwin P. Noyes.

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF POTATOES RAISED BY NATHAN
LONGFELLOW OF GROVEL AND.

The piece of potatoes which I enter for the Society's
premium contains one-half acre. The crop of 1893 was
hay, about one ton to the acre, no manure being used. The
soil is a dark loam. A coat of 26 loads of manure to the acre
was ploughed in. May 3d, 1894, five inches deep. It was
then harrowed, marked and furrowed, the rows being three
feet and six inches apart. It was planted May 7 with four
bushels of Late Rose potatoes (part whole and part cut),
placed about 18 inches apart, and received 150 lbs. of Brad-
ley's potato manure in the drill. It was cultivated four times
with horse and hoed twice by hand. The potatoes were dug
about Sept. 25th, and the amount was 220 2-3 bushels.
They are stored in the cellar, to be sold later in the season.

Financial Stat ement^r— Cost per Acre.
Ploughing,
26 loads manure,

300 lbs. Bradley's Potato Manure,
Harrowing, marking and furrowing,
8 bushels potatoes.
Planting,

Cultivating and hoeing,
Applying Paris green,
Digging and storing,

f95 00

13

00

52

00

5

25

1

75

6

00

4

00

5

00

3

00

15

00

lOO

Yield per Acre.

407 bushels large potatoes, 34 bushels small potatoes.
Respectfully submitted,

Nathan Longfellow.
This is to certify that I have measured the land belong-
ing to N. Longfellow, on which grew the potatoes which
he has entered for premium, and it contains 80 rods.

W. K. Colby.
Groveland, Oct. 29, 1894.

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF POTATOES RAISED BY FREDER-
ICK A. RUSSELL, OF METHUEN, SEASON OF 1894.
To the Committee on Root Crops :

The piece of potatoes which I enter for premium contains
one-half acre. Previous to 1893 the land had been in
grass for four years. In 1893 the land was broken up,
a liberal dressing of manure applied. Crop, cabbage.
Rate of production four hundred and fift}'- barrels per acre.
After harvesting the cabbage in the autumn of 1893, the
ground was ploughed about seven inches deep.

About May 1, 1894, one-fourth acre received an applica-
tion of three and three-fourths cords of barn-cellar manure,
which was spread broadcast, and ploughed in, seven inches
deep. The remaining one-fourth acre had a dressing of
five hundred pounds of Bradley's potato and vegetable
manure. Three hundred and seventy-five pounds were
sowed broadcast and one -hundred and twenty-five pounds
were put in the drill. With the exception of different fer-
tilizers the two parts of the field received the same atteution
throughout the season. The ground was harrowed with a
wheel harrow and planted with an Aspinwall potato plant-
er. The rows were two feet nine inches apart, and seed
was placed ten inches apart in the row. Variety, New
Queen. Quantity of seed per acre thirteen bushels.
The potatoes were harrowed twice with Thomas smooth-

lOI

ing harrow, cultivated twice, hoed once with hand hoes,
and twice with horse hoe.

Paris Green was applied three times, with a Cyclone
machine. Potatoes were harvested Oct. 16. The quarter-
acre which was dressed with barn-cellar manure, produced
one hundred and seven bushels of potatoes. The quarter-
-acre which was fertilized with Bradley's potato and
vegetable manure, produced ninety-nine bushels.

COST OF CROP.

To 3i cords Manure for i acre, $22 50

" ploughing,
" harrowing,
" seed,
" planting,
" cultivating,
" hoeing by hand,
" hoeing by horse hoe,
" Paris Green and applying,
" harvesting,

133 63

To 500 lbs. Bradley's potato and veg. manure, 9 50
" plowing,
" harrowing,
" seed,
" planting,
" cultivating,
" hoeing by hand,
^' hoeing by horse hoe,
*' Paris Green and applying,
'^' harvesting,

$20 63

1 00

75

2 76

38

50

87

50

66

3 71

1 00

75

2 76

38

50

87

50

66

3 71

I02

By 107 bushels potatoes at 70c., $74 90

" 99 bushels potatoes at 70c., 69 SO

Yield per i acre 206 bush, at 70c., $144 20

Cost " " " 54 26

Profit " " " 89 94

Feeder] CK A. Russell.

This certifies that I have measured the piece of land on/
which was raised two hundred and six bushels of potatoes,,
by Frederick A. Russell, and it contains one-half acre.

N. D. Perry.

STATEMENT OE A CROP OF CABBAGE RAISED BY DAVID»
WARREN, OF SWAMPSCOTT.

To the Committee on Root Crops :

The crop of Stone Mason cabbage, which I enter for'
premium, was grown on land that had been in grass some
six or seven years previous, no fertilizer or manure had
been used on it, during that time. The soil is a dark loam
with gravelly sub-soil, ploughed in May, about seven inches
deep, stable manure applied by going over twice with
Kemp's Spreader, using about eight cords to the acre.
Wheel harrowed in with Randall harrow, then dragged-
Seed sown with seed sower the eleventh day of June, the
rows three feet two inches, and hills two feet apart, using
about a pound of seed to the acre. Cultivated twice, tak-
ing about three hours each time with man and horse. Hoed
twice, no expense for thinning, as the plants were useA
by myself and neighbors.

I03

COST PER ACRE.

Ploughing and preparing land,

17 50'

Manure and teaming from town,

40 00

Seed and sowing,

4 00

Cultivating twice.

3 00

Hoeing twice,

6 OO

Cost of harvesting.

10 OO

170 50
Respectfully submitted,

David Warren.

Note. I cannot estimate the value of the cabbages, as I use them
for seed, and are therefore of more value to me, than for market.

This is to certify that I have measured a piece of land
for David Warren, containing one-half acre, and find, by
counting some rows, and estimating from them, that there-
are about 3000 saleable cabbage on the half acre.

Willard F. Lewis.

statement of a crop of cabbage, raised by FREDERICK

A. RUSSELL, OF METHUEN, SEASON OF 1894.
The Committee on Root Crops :

The piece of late cabbage which I enter for premium^
contains one-half acre. In 1892 the land was sowed to
parsnips. About fifteen cords of manure per acre were
used. In 1893 the crops were parsnips and cucumbers.
Treatment Jibout the same as in 1892. In 1894 five load&
of stable manure were drawn from the city, on sled, in the
month of February, and spread broadcast on the snow.
June 14, the land was plowed, and nine hundred pounds
of Bradley's potato and vegetable manure, applied broad-
cast and harrowed in. June 15, the land was marked in
rows three feet apart, with an Aspinwall potato planter
and three Jiundred pounds of Bradley's potato and vege-
table manure applied in the drill.

104

The same day it was planted by hand, with one-half
pound Stone Mason cabbage seed, in hills two and one-
half feet apart. Eight days after planting, the cabbage
were cultivated and hoed. The field has been cultivated
four times, and hoed three times during the season.

COST OF CROP.

To 5 cords manure at $2.50.

112 60

" plowing.

1 00

" harrowing and rolling,

1 00

*' sowing fertilizer.

50

" marking and drilling fertilizer,

50

" i pound seed,

2 00

*' planting,

75

" cultivating and hoeing,

6 00

" thinning and filling in,

1 50

" 1200 pounds fertilizer,

22 80

$48 55

By 1600 plants.

14 80

" 372 barrels cabbage at 65c.,

241 80

$246 60

Yield per acre 744 barrels at 65c.,

' 482 60

^' " 3200 plants,

9 60

Cost " "

97 10

Profit " "

395 10

Frederick A. Russell.

This certifies that I have measured the piece of land on
which was raised three hundred and seventy-two barrels of
cabbage, by Frederick A. Russell,'and it contains one-half
acre.

N. D. Perry.

I05

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF SQUASH RAISED BY FREDER-
ICK A. RUSSELL, OF METHUEN, SEASON OF 1894.
To the Committee on Root Crops :

The piece of Hubbard squash which I enter for premium,
contains three acres. For four years previous to 1893,
the land was in grass. In the spring of 1893, the ground
was plowed seven inches deep, and sixty-seven cart loads
of barn cellar manure, were applied broadcast, wheel
harrowed in, and the piece planted to sweet corn. In the
spring of 1894 sixty cords of well rotted horse manure
were applied broadcast, also, thirty-four loads of night
soil from the city, and field plowed seven inches deep, and
harrowed with Thomas smoothing harrow.

For the first cro}), one acre of the piece was planted to
peas, and the remaining two acres were set to early cabbage
leaving every fourth row for squash. The squash was
planted June 7. The peas were cleared from the field
July 14, and the cabbage were nearlj^ all removed by Aug. 1.
The squash were hoed twice before the other crops were
removed, and once afterward. They received no further
care until harvesting, which was commenced Sept. 25.
They are stored in the squash house for winter sale.

COST OF CROP.

To 60 cords manure at |6, 1360 00

" 34 loads night soil at |2, 68 00

" plowing, 6 00

" harrowing, 4 00

" hoeing, '22 50

" cultivating, 19 50

$480 00
One-half the expense charged to peas and cabbage, and
one-half charged to squash, gives, -$240 00

9 pounds seed, 9 00

Planting, 2 00

Harvesting and stormg, 18 75

1269 75 •

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By 61,580 pounds squash in house.

Cost per ton, $8 80

Frederick A. Russell.

This certifies that I have measured the piece of land on
which was raised 61,580 pounds of squash, by Frederick
A. Russell, and it contained three acres.

N. D. Perry.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SMALL FRUITS..

To the Trustees of the Essex Agricultural Society :

The Committee selected to visit and examine the small!
fruit crops, entered for premium, respectfully submit the
following report.

Six entries claimed our attention, namely — J. Henry
Nason, West Boxford, strawberries ; W. K. Cole, West
Boxford, strawberries ; Oscar Gowen, West Newbury,,
strawberries ; W. K. Cole, West Boxford, raspberries ;
Amos Haseltine, Haverhill, blackberries ; Amos Haseltine,
Haverhill, currants.

June 27th, we examined the strawberry crops. This
was rather late in the season for Mr. Nason's and Mr.
Cole's, although at the former place, while some of the
varieties were nearly all picked, his Bubachs and
Haverlands were a sight that well paid us for our visit.
The ground was literally red with berries, especially waa
this the case with the Haverlands, the dry season being
very favorable for this variety. Mr. Nason's whole crop
gave evidence, that although being comparatively young in
the business, he understands how to grow this most excel-
lent of all small fruits to perfection.

At Mr. Cole's we found that his vines, Lovett's Early^
had been entirely stripped of the fruit, so that we could
nbt of course judge of his crop. We noticed that a portion
of his plot had been severely injured by the drought ; not-
withstanding this, he reports a very good showing, which

loy

establishes the fact that Lovett's Early is a very profitable
variety to cultivate.

From West Boxford, we went to Mr. Gowen's, at West
Newbury. Here we found that instead of being too late
we were actually too early to inspect the field. He had
but just completed his second picking, which left scarcely
any ripe fruit, but the vines, which were very luxuriant
and healthy, were heavily loaded with green berries.

Thus the Committee were obliged to acknowledge that
the statements alone would decide the premium, in other
words we have visited some of the best crops of strawber-
ries ever produced in Essex County, without being able to
even guess which would be the premium one. The culti-
vation of Mr. Gowen's plot was as near perfection as is
often seen under the matted row system, alley ways were
well mulched, rows straight, and the whole field free from,
weeds.

It will be noticed in his report, that in 1891 the crop
was strawberries ; this fact is in direct opposition to the ex
perience of the committee and many other growers of this
fruit. Althouoh the writer has been in the business over
thirty years, he has never succeeded with a second crop so
soon after a preceding one.

As a rule the strawbeiTy takes some substance from the
soil, which we have not yet learned to replace, a substance
which requires at least six to ten years for Nature to renew.

Mr. Gowen's crop is an exception to this rule.

The Committee regret that the Society does not offer a
second premium, as is the case with root and grain crops.^
In answer to the question, which variety is the'most profit-
able ? two of the competitors say Bubach No. 5, and that
of the newer varieties, the Beverly is of the best quality^
and sells at the highest price.

While at Mr. Cole's we examined his raspberries, which
appeared very thrifty, and promised a good crop.

July 25th, the Committee were called to Ayers Village,.
Haverhill, by Mr. Haseltine, to inspect his crops of black-

io8

berries and currants. His whole farm as well as his
entered specialties shows that he practices thoroughness in
everything he undertakes. Although he does not figure
a profit on his currants and blackberries, for the first years
of their bearing, he is confident of a good income later on.
The Committee believe that Mr. Haseltine's statements
are very valuable, and do not hesitate to propose that he
be awarded the premiums offered by the Society. Your
Committee therefore recommend the following awards : —
To J. Henry Nason, West Boxford, crop of

strawberries, first premium, ^ f 10.00

To W. K. Cole, West Boxford, crop of raspber-
ries, first premium, $10.00
To Amos Haseltine, Haverhill, crop of currants,

fii'st premium, $10.00

To Amos Haseltine, Haverhill, crop of black-
berries, first premium, $10.00
B. F. Huntington, Wm. Thornton, W. H. Hayes — Com-
Tnittee.

REPORT OF A CROP OF STRAWBERRIES RAISED BY J.
HENRY NASON, OF WEST BOXFORD.

This piece of land that I enter for a crop of strawberries,
contains twenty rods, measured by D. M. Cole, of West
Boxford. The crop in 1892 was potatoes. Ploughed in
the spring of 1893 and harrowed and applied phosphate.
The piece was set to the following varieties, Haverland,
Sharpless, Bubach, Jessie and Leader. They were set
four feet in rows, and about fourteen inches in the row, I
used Bradley's phosphate and made three applications in
the season. Commenced picking, June 13, and picked the
last, July 11.

109

4000 plants at $3.00 a thousand, 112 00

1400 boxes of berries at 13 cts, 182 00

$194 00

Br.

Ploughing ground,

75

Setting plants.

1 00

Phosphate,

4 50

Cultivating and weeding,

6 00

■ Thatch for covering.

3 00

Picking 1400 boxes at 1^ cts,

21 00

Marketing,

14 00

$50 25

Net profit on crop.

143 70

Rate per aore :

11200 boxes.

1456 00

Cost,

402 00

Net profit, $1054 00

Respectfully submitted,

J. Henry Nason.

I hereby certify that I measured the land on which was
raised the crop of strawberries entered by J. Henry Nason
for premium, and find it contains one eighth of an acre.

D. M. Cole.

STATEMENT OF RASPBERRY CROP RAISED BY W. K. COLE,
OF WEST BOXFORD.

The raspberry crop entered by me for Society's premium
grew on bushes which have been in bearing several years,
on land of light loam. The variety, I think, is "Philadel-
phia," The only labor expended upon them the past year
has been, cultivating twice in the spring, and thinning the

I lO

new canes and cutting out the old ones. Applied in April,
80 lbs. of line ground bone, and 50 lbs. of muriate of pot-
ash. The yield was 710 pint boxes of berries, which sold
for 162.72.

Dr.
To 3 day's labor at $1.25, ■ $3 75

" cultivating, 50

" 80 pounds bone, 1 12

" 50 pounds M. Potash, 1 13

" picking 710 boxes berries at 1^ cents, 10 65

" marketing 710 boxes berries at 1 cent, 7 10

$•24 25

Or.
By 710 boxes berries, "162 72

24 25

Net profit, $38 47

per acre, $272 00

Gross receipts per acre, $436 80

Respectfully submitted,

W. K. Cole.

I hereby certify that I measured the Raspberry bed
-entered for premium by W. K. Cole, and it contains twenty
rods, one hundred and eighty-four feet.

H. M. Kill AM.

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF CURRANTS RAISED BY AMOS
HASELTINE, OF HAVERHILL.

The twenty-seventh and nine-tenths square rods of land,
is of good quality, and has been used for several crops of
onions. In 1892, 700 Victoria, Fay, Cherry and White
Grape currants, were set in rows five feet apart, and two
feet apart in the rows.

1 1 1

Each year about one cord of stable manure was spread
and cultivated into the surface, and in 1892, four rows of
onions were grown between the rows.

In 1893 two rows were grown, and in 1894 one row of
parsnips, beets, turnips, lettuce and radishes, and the labor
and manure charged accordingly. The crop of 1894 was
not more than one-half a fair crop, on account of the severe
frost, which killed all blossoms and fruit that were not pro-
tected by leaves.

1892. CURKANTS. Dr.

700 two years old bushes, $17 25

Preparing land and setting, 7 50

Manure, 4 00

Use of land, 2 00

Hoeing five times, 5 25

1893, Dr.
Interest,
Manure,
Use of land.

Pruning and killing currant worms,
Cultivating and hoeing,
Picking and selling 120 quarts at 4 cents,

Cr. By 120 quarts at 10 cents,

1894, Dr.
Interest,

Manure,

Use of land.

Hoeing five times.

Destroying currant worms.

Picking and selling 610 quarts at 4 cents.

136

00

12

16

4

00

2

00

2

00

4

54

4

80

$55 50

12

00

143

50

2

61

5

00

2

00

5

00

4

49

24

40

187 00

I 12

Cr. By 610 quarts at 8 to 10 cents, 53 00

Dr. To balance of expense, 134 00

Crop per acre :
3498 quarts currants Dr. per acre, $194 9T

The above statement is respectfully submitted,

Amos Haseltine.

Haverhill, Mass., Aug. 3, 1894.
This is to certify that I have measured the land on
which grew the crop of currants entered for premium, by
Amos Haseltine, and find it to contain 27.9 square rods.

E. A. Emerson.

statement concerning a crop of blackberries,

raised by AMOS HASELTINE, OF HAVERHILL.

The twenty-two and one-fifth square rods of land, on
which the blackberry crop grew, which I enter for premium
was a piece of worn-out pasture, partly covered with gray
birches, a light soil and somewhat dry. The birches were
dug out, and the land plowed in 1890, and planted with
potatoes, using fertilizer broadcast and in the drill.

In 1891, a light coat of manure was plowed under, fertil-
izer put in the drills and again planted with potatoes.

In 1892, it was again manured and plowed under, and
400 Snyder blackberry plants were set in rows, seven feet
apart, and from one to three feet apart in the rows, accord-
ing to strength of the plant, and one row of potatoes was
planted between each row of blackberries.

In 1893, they were pruned three times, cultivated, hoed
and weeded, staked and side-wired.

In 1894 they were pruned in the spring, and cross-wired
about one cross-wire to a rod, to keep them from spreading,
leaving the rows from two to three feet wide. After blos-
soming, all canes that were barren were cut out; and before
picking, the sprouts in the paths were cut, and the new

113

canes Avliich grew near the outside wires, in the j)aths.
were tied or wired to the outside wires of the rows, in
order to have the paths clear and open, and also save the
new canes for next year's crop.

The crop was not a full one on account of the severe
drouth, which began to dry the berries and canes about
the middle of August, and only sixty-five quarts were
picked after the twentieth of that month, in marked con-
trast with some past years, when they have lasted up to
Sept. 10th. One other reason for lack of profit is the
price per quart, which was two cents less than last year.
But in croi)S of currants, gooseberries, raspberries and
blackberries, to find the profit, the expense should be reck-
oned from the first planting of the bushes, as some years
the crop will fail, on account of frost or some other cause.

1892. BLACKBERRIES. Dr.

To 400 plants at 2^ cents,

Preparing land and setting plants,

Manure,

Cultivating and hoeing,

Use of land,

$30 00
1893, Dr.
Interest on expense, $1 80

Use of land, 1 50

Fertihzer, 3 00

Cultivating, hoeing and weeding, 7 20

Training and pruning, 4 50

Wire, posts and stakes, 7 50

Work setting posts and wiring, 3 50

Picking, selling and boxes, 150 quarts at 4| cts, 6 75

Total expense, $65 75

Cr. By 150 quarts at 12^ cents, 18 75

To balance, $47 00

$10

00

6

50

5

00

7

00

1

50

114

1894, Dr.

Interest,

2 82

Use of land,

1 50

Fertilizer <and muriate of potash,

4 18

Pruning and tying first time,

4 25

Cross-wiring,

1 25

Pruning second time.

1 00

Hoeing and weeding.

2 00

Pruning and tying to wires,

2 00

Picking, selling and boxes, 900 qts

. at 4i ets, 40 50

Total expense,

$106 50

[;. By 900 quarts at 10| cents.

94 50

Ch

Dr. To balance, $12 00

Crop per acre :
G486 quarts blackberries Dr. per acre, -186 49

Tlie above statement is respectfully submitted,

Amos Haseltine.

Haverhill, Mass., Aug. 3, 1894.
This is to certify that I have measured the land on which
grew the crop of blackberries, entered for premium, by
Amos Haseltine, and find it to contain twenty-two and
one-fifth square rods (22 1-5.)

E. A. Emerson.

GRAIN CROPS.

The Committee on Grain Crops have attended to their
duty, and respectfully report to the secretary that they
would recommend the following premiums :
$10. First premium, to Nathan Longfellow, Groveland,
for crop of corn.
-f5. Second premium, to Fred Stultz, West Newbury,
for crop of corn.

115

First premium, to C. C. Blunt, Andover, for crop of
rye.
C. W. Nelson, M. H. Connor, John Barker — Committee,

STATEMENT OF CROP OF CORN RAISED BY NATHAN LONG-
FELLOW, OP GROVELAND.

The piece of corn I enter for your consideration, contains
one acre and ninety-three and one-half rods. The crop of
1898 was grass, yield about one ton to the acre, no manure
being used. The soil is a slaty loam. It was ploughed
May 16, and received a coat of twenty-six loads of manure
to the acre, ploughed in. It was then harrowed, marked
and furrowed, and planted May 16, with ten quarts of
corn per acre. The hills were three and one-half feet
apart each Avay, and five kernels of corn were planted in
each hill, 200 lbs. of Bradley's X L Superphosphate to the
acre was used in the hills. It was cultivated three times,
each way with horse and hoed twice by hand.

It was gathered and husked Oct. 15th to 20th, and the
amount of ears was 12,560 lbs. or 7927 lbs. to the acre.
The corn is very ripe and dry, and at the present time 69
lbs. of ears shelled, gives 56 lbs. of corn, and 13 lbs. of
cobs. There is the usual amount of stover estimated at
three tons per acre.

COST PER ACRE.

Ploughing, $3 00

Harrowing, marking and furrowing, 1 75

Planting and seed, 8 50

Cultivating and hoeing, 5 00

Husking, 10 00
Value of manure, ' 52 00

Value of fertilizer, 3 50

$78 75

Respectfully submitted,

Nathan Longfellow.

ii6

Groveland, Oct. 29, 1894.
This is to certify that I have measured the land belonging
to Nathan Longfellow, on which grew the corn which he
has entered for premium, and it contains 253^ rods.

W. K. Colby.

STATEMENT CONCERNING A CROP OF CORN, RAISED BY
FREDERICK STULTZ, OF WEST NEWBURY.

This corn was raised on land that in 1892 was in grass,
and badly run out. In 1893 the crop was corn, manured
with six cords manure. When I cut the corn in 1893, the
land was green with dog-grass that had been seeding in for
years, and I was obliged to plough and harrow in the fall,
to kill this.

In the spring of 1894 I spread seven cords of manure
broadcast, and ploughed it under, about four inches deep,
and harrowed. Both ploughings, so far, were to kill the
dog-grass, and I do not reckon them in the cost of raising
the corn. On the 11th of May, I ploughed the land eight
inches deep, harrowed with a spring tooth harrow, and
planted by hand. May 12th, 10 quarts of seed of my own
raising, in drills 3 feet, 4 inches apart, and seven inches
apart in the row.

There was scarcely a blade of dog-grass to be seen in tlie
fall of '94.

Corn was harvested the last week in October.

I had eighty-two bushels shelled corn on the acre.

COST OF CROP PER ACRE.

Top stalks,

82 bushels of shelled corn,

Stover,

Two-thirds manuie in land,

Cr

•fl5

00

57

40

12

00

23

30

*107 70

117

Dr.

Seven cords of manure,

$35 00

Spreading manure.

1 00

Ploughing",

3 00

Harrowing,

2 00

Fertilizer (Bowkers,)

3 00

Seed and planting.

2 00

Hoeing and cultivating,

6 00

Harvesting tops,

4 00

Cutting and carting to barn.

4 00

Husking,

4 00

tfil 00

qpUT: \J\J

Profit on the acre, $43 70

Respectfully submitted,

Frederick Stultz.

This is to certify that the above statement is correct, and
the land contains one acre.

Silas E. Hicks.

STATEMENT OF CROP OF RYE, RAISED BY C. C. BLUNT, OF

ANDOVER.

The piece of land that I raised the crop of rye that I
enter for premium, was in 1892 in grass, was plowed late
in the season, in the spring of 1893, was cross plowed, and
about five cords stable manure, well harrowed in, and five
hundred pounds of Potato Fertilizer, and planted with
potatoes. A good crop was harvested. The soil is light
loam. The piece was then well harrowed, not plowed
again, or any manure or fertilizer used on the rye. One
bushel and one half (li) was sowed and brushed in.

ii8

COST (

3F

CROP.

Seed and sowing,

$1 To

Harrowing,

1 00

Mowing and binding,

3 00

Carting,

1 50

Thi-eshing and cleaning,

o 00

$12 25

VALUE

OF

' CROP.

21 i bushels of rye,

$21 50

4200 lbs. straw,

31 40

$52 90

12 25

Profit per acre, $40 65

Respectfully submitted,

C. C. Blunt.

Andover, Mass., Oct. 26, 1894.
I hereby certify that I measured the land, and noted the
weight of the crop of rye that was raised in Andover,
Mass., this year, 1894, on the farm of Chas. C. Blunt, and
that the land measured one acre, and the rye grain that
grew thereon, was 21i bushels, at 56 lbs. to the bushel,
and the straw was 4200 lbs.

Samuel Thayer.

REPORT OF DELEGATE FROM STATE BOARD
OF AGRICULTURE.

The seventy-tliird annual cattle show and fair of the
Essex Agricultural Society, was held in the city of Haver-
hill, on Sept. 19, 20 and 21, 1893. Your delegate ar-
rived in the city on the afternoon of the first day. We
went direct to City Hall where we found a large display,

119

not only of the produce of the garden, the orchard, and the
farm, but also of the varied manufactures of the county?
specimens of works of art, fancy needle work, pictures,
articles rare and costly, some of great utility, others, rare
and rich in historic interest, and all being so skillfully ar"
ranged as to make it most attractive to the eye, and ever
to be remembered as a scene of beauty. Later in the day,
we took the electric cars, and following the windings of
the beautiful Merrimac, visited Riverside Park, where
we found under large tents and in open pens, the cattle,
horses, and farm implements and machinery upon exhibi-
tion. The show in this department we considered very
good, much better than we expected, and truly we felt to
congratulate the dumb animals on exhibition, as well as
their owners, on the favorable weather enjoyed, for had it
been a severe storm, it would have been tedious indeed for
all the live stock to have stood out in the long hours, and
faced the elements. In the evening we returned to the
hall for a more thorough inspection. We found it crowded,
showing that the citizens of Haverhill a})preciated the ex-
cellence of the display. The show of flowers we never
have seen equalled at any county fair; the contributors
represented nearly all parts of the county, but the most
attractive of all was the flower pyramid, contributed by the
Danvers Asylum.

It was unique in design, and of most magnificent work-
manship. It stood fully eight feet high, and in its make-
up was represented almost every variety of flowers known
to our season and clime. It had four faces. On one was
represented an American Shield, on another a Bull's Head,
and Essex Agricultural Societ}^ on another a Plough,
while on tlie fourth was a cross with the words, Danvers
Hospital. The whole was crowned with gladiolus, while
around the base was a shelf upon which Avas most attrac-
tively arranged every variety of farm product gro^^ll upon
the extensive grounds of the Asylum. This rare exliibitiou
was designed and executed by Mi-. Ettore Tassinari, tlie

I20

Italian florist of the Asylum. It lingers in our memory
as a beautiful creation.

Haverhill Grange made a very fine and creditable ex-
liibit and received the first prize, $25.00.

Also we were pleaded to notice the Haverhill shoe exhibit
as well as the hat industry of the same city. Among the
numerous exhibits of rare interest, was a set of tools 150
years old, shown by Mr. Griffin, of North Andover. Did
space permit we should be pleased to make special mention
of a number of exhibits in the art department, but we must
close this part of our report, only saying that on our third
and final visit to the hall, we left with reluctant steps,
wishing that the poor children of the city and surrounding-
towns might have had a day ''After the Fair,'' when they
could have been admitted free, and beheld this array of
beauty, thus creating standards of excellence in their young
minds, that might be of untold benefits in after years.

On the morning of the second day, we attended the
annual meeting of the Society. We were pleased to note
the harmony, unanimity and good feeling manifest in all
the measures considered, and the deep interest evinced for
the prosperity of the organization. In an able address
delivered by the President, many matters of interest were
brought to the attention of the Society, but in the estima-
tion of your delegate, none more vital than the question of
permanent location. For nearly three quarters of a century
this society has traversed the length and breadth of Essex
County with no " abiding city." This method may have
its advantages, but we believe it to be contrary to the
experience of the larger number of agricultural societies
where permanent homes have been secured. We are happy
to learn that there is a growing sentiment in the society
towards a radical change in the near future.

After the meeting we made another visit to the Park,
where we found increased numbers of horses and cattle,
some very fine specimens of most of the leading breeds.
We were compelled to leave on the afternoon of the

121

second day, and thus forego the pleasure of being present
at the annual dinner, which we learn from report was a
grand success. We came away from Haverhill with most
pleasant impressions, our visit was made doubly enjoyable
on account of the many kind attentions and courtesies
shown, not only b}' the officers of the society, but many of
the citizens as well. And we can truly say that the rec-
ollections of our visit will ever be one of the green spots
in our memories.

Respectfully submitted,

Elbridge Cushman.
Nov. 6, 1893.

FARMEES' INSTITUTES.

The Society held four Institutes during the past year on
as many different days, forenoon and afternoon, at which
the following subjects were opened by carefully prepared
essays, and freely discussed by any and all present, viz :

1. " Rural Hygiene and Sew^age Disposal."

2. ''Cooking."

3. '' The Dairy Cow and How to Feed Her."

4. ''The State Board of Agriculture and what it has
•done for Farmers."

5. "Small Fruits."

6. " State Roads and Highways in general."

7. " Dairy Work in general."

8. " Ensilage in connection with Dairy Farming."
The 94th Institute and first of the season was held in the

Peabody Institute, Danvers, Friday, Jan. 5, 1894, and not-
withstanding the dull, rainy day, there was a good atten-
dance. President Appleton called the meeting to order,
and after making some interesting remarks, introduced
Dr. Charles W. Page, Supt. of the Danvers Lunatic Hos-
pital, as the principal speaker of the morning, who took
for his subject, " Rural Hygiene and Sewage Disposal."

122

The speaker began by saying that hygiene is the science
and art of preserving health. From the earliest times men
have been impressed with the necessity of good sanitary
conditions. The old Mosaic and Roman laws, and ruins
of public aqueducts, drains and sewers, in ancient Rome,
gave evidence that the conviction had been forced upon
men that neglected conditions of cleanliness resulted in
suffering, disease and death.

Not until within 75 years has there been practical ad-
vance in this line. He referred to the purification of
water, and said it would be sinning against light if a revo-
lution does not take place in the care and management of
personal and household waste.

Dr. Page urged the farmers of the county to make a
study of microbe organism, and take advantage of the in-
formation concerning germs and their products, which are
so essential to success in every farm operation. During
the past twenty 3^ears, physicians have learned much about,
and put an entirely new construction upon, the theory of
disease, methods of treatment and means of prevention.
In like manner the science of agriculture is advanced.
Farmers should be fully informed of the operations of
bacteria both benignant and helpful ; should know that
form which is recognized as fermentation, and be fore-
warned of financial losses and physical disorders. Bacteria
exists everywhere, and unless scientific precautions are
taken, they find access to all organic matter. Methods of
preparing and preserving food are determined by the laws
of germ development and activity. Scalding milk and
fruit desti'oys the germs which naturally cause fermenta-
tion and chemical changes. Germs in drinking water are
scalded to death by boiling the water. There are vege-
table germs, however, wliich have certain functions to per-
form, and when their activities are restricted to the right
place they are man's best friend. It was found to be an
established fact that oxidation of organic matter was the
natural work of living bacteria in the soil, which caused

123

first the carbon and hydrogen, and then the nitrogen to
combine with oxygen.

In ground well tilled so as to admit air to considerable
depth, with warm sunshine alternating with showers, the
nitrifying microbes are most active beneath the surface,
manufacturing plant food, and a fine growing season is the
result.

He concluded by giving a scientific and practical talk
upon sewage disposal, based upon knowledge of bacteri-
ology, and asked : Is it not probable that man will, sooner
or later, discard present elaborate engineering schemes of
sewerage, and, taking lessons from nature's method,
humbly return to a more simple and primitive, but inex-
pensive and health insuring practice, and quickly bury all
organic, putrescible waste? It had been settled that oxyda-
tion or nitrification could not take place in water, neither
could earth saturated with water serve to purify sewage.

The speaker said that he presumed that a majority before
him lived in isolated country houses, and they certainly
had much to be thankful for, when it was remembered that
" God made the country and man made the town." The
force and brevity of the adage quoted, never seemed clearer
than in this connection of sanitation. Man required a
certain proportion of the earth's surface for his support just
as certainly as did the trees.

The location of houses should be on dry elevated places^
with sunlight, fresh air, sinks, slops, soil pipe traps, venti-
lation, cess pool, removing excreta, dry earth system, sub-
surface irrigation, pure well water i. e. ground water, etc.

There was a limit to the quantity of pure water a given
district would yield, and there also was a limit to the
amount of fouling which the water of a district would bear
without serious consequences to health or life.

The speaker said at the Danvers Hospital a large field
has been prepared upon which to use the Hospital sewage
for agricultural advantages, as well as for restoring as far
as possible, the water contaminated, to its original purity.

124

Drinking water in country districts was an important
matter to consider, as had been observed. Nothing dele-
terious was likely to come to a well from common drainage,
unless there was a cesspool near. There were more killed
by what might be called sanitary accidents, than by rail-
roads. There was a penalty for the violation of natural
laws, swift and certain. Here a discussion took place, and
remarks were made upon the subject, by Hon. J. J. H.
Gregory, B. P. Ware, Rev. O. S. Butler and others, after
which the meeting adjourned for dinner.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

Rev. O. S. Butler presided, and after some appropriate
remarks he introduced Miss Anna Barrows, a graduate of
the Boston cooking school, and at present teacher of cook-
ing in the public schools of that city. Miss Barrows is an
entertaining speaker, and when she came to a practical test
of cooking, which she did of various dishes upon the stage,
with her portable kitchen furnishings, it was noticed that
a large number of ladies were plying their pencils, as she
informed them of her recipes, and explained the manner
of cooking as she progressed with the different dishes: All
had an opportunity to taste her delicate, delicious morsels,
and not a few availed themselves of the privilege.

The dishes chosen to illustrate the lecture, illustrated
the combinations of starch, sugar, fat and albuminoids
which are necessary to satisfy the appetite, and nourish the
body. The necessity of a change of diet was exj^lained,
more fat being needed in winter than in summer. Soups
and savoiy dishes, and hot puddings are more desirable
than meats and cold dishes. More attention should be
paid to true economy in foods.

The second Institute of the season, was held at Beverly,
Friday, Jan. 26, the subject for the forenpon being " The
Dair}^ Cow and how to Feed Her."

125

President Appleton presided, and introduced Prof.
Joseph B. Lindsay, of the Mass. State Experiment Station,
as the speaker of the morning.

The speaker at first emphasized the fact that a great
deal depended on the cow. No method of feeding would
get twenty quarts of milk from a ten quart cow ; never-
theless there is a right way and a wrong way to feed any
cow, — an economical and a wasteful way. Upon a proper
method of feeding, depends the success or profitable way,
or the unprofitable way, with loss in the dairy industry.
The subject was divided into two sections, the theoretical
and the practical.

The meaning of the different terms used in the analysis
of cattle foods was explained, and attention called to the
fact that food is valuable only so far as the cow can
digest it properly and assimilate it ; thus if a cow is fed
20 lbs. of hay a day, she can digest only 55 per cent, of the
same, or about 11 lbs., and only so much is valuable as
nourishment, the balance being excreted in the form of
manure. The term " nutritive ratio " means the ratio
which the nitrogeneous substances bear to the non-nitro-
geneous or starchy substances. Foods are divided into two
classes, the coarse fodder and the concentrated fodder ; the
coarse fodders, such as are generally raised on the farm are
from 55 to 65 per cent, digestible, and with one or two
exceptions have a nutritious ratio of 1 to 10. The concen-
trated foods, such as cotton seed meal, gluten meal, etc.,
are from 75 to 80 per cent, digestible, and have a nutritive
value of one to two.

Cud-chewing animals, such as the cow, are so made that
they can consume and digest a large amount of bulky
foods, but if anyone would get the best results, a liberal
amount of concentrated food should be fed with the coarser
foods. Many investigations have shown that a cow of 1000
lbs. weight, needs about 3 lbs. of digestible portion, i to |
lbs. of digestible fat and 13 lbs. of digestible carbon-
hydrates in order to enable her to do her best work. The

126

method was shown which would enable one to combine the
different foods so as to obtain the best results.

The speaker discussed the question of soiling cows in sum-
mer, and was of the opinion, that no definite rule could be
adopted in all cases. Good pasturage is a perfect food for
cows ; the majority of pastures however, are poor, worn-out
land, and the animals must waste a great deal of energy in
getting a scanty supply of food. In such cases it is un-
doubtedly profitable to practice soiling. Two systems of
soiling were shown, showing how the farmer could have
plenty of green fodder for his cows, from the 20th of May
to Nov. 1st. For winter feed, hay is too costly. If fed at all
it should be fed sparingly, and in its place corn ensilage
or corn and soja bean ensilage, corn stover and hay of
vetch and oats, should be substituted. Corn meal should
never be fed as an exclusive grain ration. Wliile very
digestible it contains a large percentage of starch, and not
enough protein to make it profitable for milk producing.
The speaker would never feed corn meal when it costs over
$22.00 per ton, we have such a large variety of grains now
to select from, that are more profitable to feed.

As a good daily ration for cows, 4 lbs. wheat bran, 3 lbs.
corn meal, and two lbs. of cotton seed meal were recom-
mended at present prices. Linseed or gluten meal could
be substituted for corn meal or cotton seed. The above
ration with all the coarse fodder they would eat, gave a
properly balanced ration, and such a ration would tend to
increase the flow of milk and make a much richer manure-
The composition of milk could not be changed by different
foods. The constitution of the animal governed the
quality of the milk. No system of feeding could make a
Holstein cow give Jersey milk. Very watery foods tend
to slightly decrease the solids in milk, but as a rule, feed-
ing has very little to do with the quality of the milk. At-
tention was called to the Babcock milk tester and the
speaker thought every producer should have one, which
would enable a purchaser of a cow to tell the quality of

127

milk she would o-ive. In concluding the sj^eaker urged
that a greater variety of coarse fodder be grown on the
farm, especially leguminous crops, and those be substituted
for the English hay.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

In the afternoon, the subject was, " The State Board of
Agriculture : What it has done and its Relation to Agri-
cultural Education," by Hon. Benj. P. Ware, of Marble-
head. Before introducing the speaker, President Apple-
ton made some explanatory remarks somewhat as follows :

With the State Board of Agriculture, composed of four
members, and with the subject of its work for agriculture
and education in that line before us this afternoon, you
will like to know, first, how that Board is made up.

Four are members ex-officio : — The Governor, Lieut.
<iovernor. Secretary of State and President of the State
Agricultural College. Three are appointed by the Gov-
ernor for three year terms. Thirty-five are elected by
the agricultural societies, which are either incorporated
by statute or organized under general laws. It may seem
to you a large number to do the executive work that falls
to it under the statute, or is given it to do by special acts
of legislation. The third class of its members as I have
stated them, are chosen by the several societies, as they
themselves shall determine. In our society the trustees
elect one delegate for three years. You will thus see,
remembering that every citizen in the county shall, under
the statute, be eligible to membership, that our responsi-
bility of the composition of the state board rests with our
citizens, who are patriotic enough to pay the paltry sum
of three dollars for life membership and to vote once a
year for trustee, in their respective cities and towns. The
right of societies to membership on the board, also depends
upon other requirements which the board is either in-
structed by statute to enforce, or is therein authorized to
make.

128

Each of the thirty-five societies is entitled to draw not
exceeding SHOO each year from the State Treasury, pro-
vided it has $3000 (at least) of property and has awarded
in prizes, for the encouragement of agriculture, at least the
amount of bounty it draws any year, and has otherwise
complied with the rules and statute laws. Essex County
with two delegates receives $1200, and has a valuation of
)|233,308,097 and an acreage of 272,549, while Worcester
County has a valuation $191,955,290 and an acreage of
917,600. Essex ranks third in valuation and ninth in
acreage or about $856.34 per acre, while Worcester ranks
fourth in valuation an'd first in acreage or about $209.34
per acre.

Mr. Ware in commencing his address, spoke of the very
intimate connection of Essex County with the State Board,
from its foundation to the present time.

The first published idea of a State Board was by Rev.
Henry Coleman, of Salem, in 1840. He was appointed
by the Legislature, a surveyor of agriculture for four
years and made a report of great value to that calling.
Mr. Ware spoke of the value of the agricultural reports,
l)repared under the auspices of the State Board. They
are forty in number and make up a veritable Agricultural
Encyclopedia. Mr. Charles L. Flint, a native of Middle-
ton, was the first secretary of the Board, the pioneer
whose place it was to carve out a course in the making of
these reports, and so well did he do his work that many
states have taken it for their model. Mr. Flint was a poor
boy, a graduate of Harvard, and the way in which he be-
came drawn into his work was this : While sitting in a
railway station one day waiting for a train, he happened
to observe a printed notice of the Essex Agricultural
Society offering a prize of $20 or $30 for the best essay on
the cultivation of Indian corn. He at once conceived
tlie idea of striving for the i^rize, which he did and se-
cured it.

129

It was an elaborate and valuable treatise, and came un-
der the notice of Marshall P. Wilder (the first President
of the State Board), who immediately made up his mind
that Mr. Flint was the man wanted for the position of
secretary of the State Board, and he was secured just as he
was about to go into a New York lawyer's office.

Mr. ^lint held the office of secretary for twenty-seven
years and in the meantime was the author of several books
which have since become recognized authority.

A voluntary Board of Agriculture was formed in 1851
and Allen W. Dodge, of Essex County, was first Vice
President. The following spring, the i^egular State Board
was established by the Legislature.

In 1860, the secretary of the State Board called atten-
tion to the importation of pleuro-pneumonia in a herd of
Holsteins. The disease spread very rapidly and a special
session of the Legislature was called, and it cost the State
$37,000 and six years hard work before it was stamped
out. The State Board was in a measure the father of the
New England Society, which was founded in 1863.

In 1879, the Board voted to require each Agricultural
Society to hold at least three institutes a year in order to
secure the State Bounty; these institutes though small at
first, have since increased in importance and have been of
great importance to the farmers.

In 1880, the Agricultural Colle;ge was in ill repute, and
was losing some $10,000 annually. The State Board suc-
ceeded in securing $33,000 from the State to clear off the
debt. In 1878, through the influence of the State Board,
a state inspector of commercial fertilizers was appointed.
Every manufacturer of fertilizers was obliged to take out
a license, and the regulations were copied by other states.
The market value of all fertilizers was put down at the
value of the plant foods in the fertilizer, by law.

The line of business of the State Board has been educa-
tional, and here the speaker read a list of titles of agricul-
tural treatises brought out by the Board. A discussion

I30

followed Mr. Ware's paper, which at times varied consid-
erably from the subject, but brought many intelligent
ideas which were interesting and instructive.

The third Institute of the season was held at Parker
Hall, Newbury, Friday, Feb. 16, 1894. President Apple-
ton presided, and after a few brief remarks concerning the
town of Newbury, giving a summary of its characteristics^
its topography, history, etc., he introduced Prof. S. T.
Maynard of the State Agricultural College, as the speaker
of the morning, who took for his subject " Small Fruits,
and the Insects and Fungus Diseases Attacking Them."

He spoke of the conditions of fruit-growing in Massa-
chusetts, which has greatly changed in many ways. Much
larger areas are now devoted to the culture of fruits, es-
pecially small fruits, than formerly. This fact is well
demonstrated by the statistics of fruit cultivation from
1875 to 1885. In 1875, 1,868,204 apple trees in the state,
12,000 cherry trees, 231,290 pear trees, 82,800 peach trees,
214,300 grapevmes. In 1885, there were 2,507,350 apple
trees, 33,643 cherry trees, 358,400 pear trees, 276,846 peach
trees, 357,000 grajjevines. Of strawberries there were
1,156,801 quarts raised in 1875, against 3,930,710 quarts
in 1885. The value of the product in 1875 was $214,940,
or 18 1-2 cents a quart ; and in 1885, $406,895, or 11 cents
a quart.

With the increased production of fruits comes a larger
yield per acre, while improved methods lessen the cost.
New and more productive varieties, too, give a better qual-
ity than heretofore. But with all the progress, there are
many causes affecting the certainty of the crops, and it is
only by the greatest skill and constant attention that profit-
able crops can be grown.

But with greater production, prices diminish ; but not
only prices, but the numerous insects and fungus growths
have to be contended with, and also the large amount of

131

tropical fruits impt)rted from more favored states of our
Union or from foreign countries.

Another serious difficulty we have to contend with is
the commissions we have to pay the wholesale and retail
dealers. Prices have decreased, but not so with the com-
missions. The middlemen get the lion's share of the
profits. The remedy is to combine and sell our own
produce direct to the retailer, or, better still, to the con-
sumer. Choice fruits always command good prices, and
the more of it the people have the more they want, while
poor fruit injures the market and a little goes a great way
with the consumer.

But our greatest difficulty in growing fruit in Massachu-
setts is to prevent injury from insects and fungus diseases.

In speaking of remedies to be applied. Prof. Maynard
repeatedly referred to the " Bordeaux Mixture" and
" Kerosene Emulsion," and as the mixtures will prove of
interest to farmers, formulas of both are herewith presented
as follows :

Bordeaux mixture : Four pounds caustic lime, slacked
into a wash with three or four gallons of water, four lbs.
copper sulphate or blue vitriol, dissolved in two gallons of
hot water. When cold thoroughly mix together, strain
and dilute to fifty gallons.

Kerosene emulsion : One-half pound bar soap dissolved
in a gallon of hot water ; one gallon of kerosene, mixed
and thoroughly churned or stirred until a butter or cheese-
like substance is formed. Dilute with ten to twenty-five
gallons of water.

Prof. Maynard first considered the insects injurious to
the apple tree, viz.: The codling moth, bud moth, tent
caterpillar, canker worm, full web worm, apple maggot
and apple borer.

The first five may be destroyed by spraying with paris
green, combined with the Bordeaux mixture. Apply with
spraying pump, with vermosel nozzle. Make the first ap-
plication as soon as the leaves begin to unfold, then at in-

132

tervals of about ten days or two weeks — about three times
in all usually is sufficient.

Pear trees are also infested with the codling moth, and
the same remed}^ will apply to them as to apple trees.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The speaker for the afternoon not being able to be pres-
ent, a general discussion took place among the audience,
mostly on state roads and highways in general. There
seemed to be a general interest felt relating to the roads of
the county and the manner of building and repairing the
same, and almost every person present had something to
say in relation to them.

The last Institute of the season was held in Grand
Army Hall, Haverhill, Friday, March 23, 1894. President
Appleton presided and introduced Prof. George H.
Whitcher of the New Hampshire Experiment Station, who
took for his subject, "Dairy Work in General.''

In opening the speaker said he would divide his subject
into three sections, viz.: First, the cow, that is the ma-
chine we are to do our dairying with; second, the food
for this cow; and, third, how to produce this food.

The cows that dairymen are using all over New England
are, on the average, unprofitable cows, if we can credit our
best statistics. The average cow is giving not more than
150 to 160 Boston cans of milk per year. She is a fodder
consumer, but not a producer, except that she produces a
calf, which, if allowed to mature, is like her mother, only
more so.

This fact has been known for years. It costs more to
keep the general run of cows than they produce. And
the more a man has of them the poorer he grows ; hence
dairying does not pay.

Now what are we going to do about it? We may
squander our time and fodder in feeding better, but we
.shall never make this scrub cow respond in a profitable

'33

way. It isn't in her to produce milk, and it never will be.
It is a matter of breeding better cows, then, and all I want
to say is to point out some ways in which improvement
may be made.

A cow should be judged by results, not by the color of
her nose, the size of her horns, nor the regularity of her
markings, but by her ability to convert food into milk and
butter profitably.

No man should be satisfied with a cow that does not
produce annually, tiOOO lbs. of milk or 275 lbs. of butter,
and more than this, no man should be satisfied with a cow
whose product of milk or butter does not bring an average
market price of at least |>20.00 more than the cost of her
keeping, and he should not be satisfied with that, for the
possibilities are that she can be made to produce $35 or
$40 more than the cost of keeping.

I think, however, that to do this one must breed his own
stock, and here is where the question of breed comes in.

My experience with breeds is confined to. six years with
Durhams, Ayrshires and Jerseys, and four years with Hol-
steins, at the New Hampshire Experiment Station ; and in
the table which I have prepared, you will see the results of
this work.

Pasturing during summer season,

Grain '' '' " 1000 lbs.,

180 days full winter feeding at 18c per day,

30 days partial feeding while dry,

154 40

Taking the average live weight of our herds into con-
sideration, we get the cost of keeping our

Ayrshire cows to be, -154 00

Jerseys, 48 00

Durhams, 60 00

18

00

11

00

32

40

3

00

'34

TABLE 1.

Annual amount of Cost of

Milk Butter Milk Butter

Boston Cans Pounds j3er can. per lb.

Jersey, 285 265 18.8 14.5

Ayrshire, 320 275 16.8 15.0

Durham, 333 265 18.0 17.7

BEST COW OF EACH BREED.

Cans Pounds Per cow
Jei-sey, 375 330 13.5 cents

Ayrshire, 415 340 13.2 "

Durham, 530 455 12.3 "

First, a word about the cost of keeping a cow weighing
1000 lbs. The part of this table No. 1, that is most inter-
esting, is that showing what the best cow can do, and while
we cannot all have this best cow, still she is the one to take
for a pattern, and then come as near her as possible.

The second table shows figures giving the value of pro-
duct over and above cost of keeping, and it gives us some
ideas as to the place where each breed should be placed,
whether as a milk })roducer or a butter i)roducer. It will
pay the dairyman to study this table a little.

The first column of figures shoAvs the value of the milk
produced by our herd for 6 years at 22 cents per can,
A\ hich is the average price on the milk car as nearly as I
can figure it. The second column shows the value of the
butter at 22 cents per pound, which is what the creameries
of New Hampshire average to pay, plus the value of the
skim milk at 25 cents per hundred pounds ; and from these
values is taken the cost of keeping. This leaves us what
we call profit.

135

JERSEY ^ MILK BUTTER

Value of product, $56 10 $67 80

Cost of keeping, 48 00 48 00

Profit, $8 10 119 80

DURHAM

Value of product, $73 48 $71 30

Cost of keeping, 60 00 60 00

Profit, $13 48 $11 30

AYRSHIRE

Value of product, $70 40 $73 00

Cost of keeping, 54 00 54 00

Profit, $16 40 $19 90

With our best cow of each breed, the case would stand
as follows : —

Jersey profit, $32 00 $35 00

Durham profit, 53 00 55 22

Ayrshire profit, 36 00 33 45

The latter table shows us, first, that the Jersey is not
profitable as a milk producer but as a butter cow. This is
not new, but it gives figures to show for the generall}^ ac-
cepted fact a profit of $8.10 as a milk producer ^nd $19.80
as a butter cow. Milkmen cannot afford to sell Jersey milk.

The Durham is considered as a milk producer, and so
she is. The profit as a butter coav is $11.30, as a milk
producer $13.48.

The Ayrshire is an all round cow, good for milk, but a
little better for butter, though as a rule she is not credited
with being a butter cow. Our figures, however, show that
she is the equal of the Jersey as a butter cow and the su-
perior of the Durham as a milk producer.

But in the Durham we have a general purpose cow. I
say this in full realization of the protests of the ••' nervous
theory" advocates, and want to say that the Durham, which

136

is the best cow in our barn, the one that 3'ielded a profit of
over $50, is as good a beef animal as any butcher need ever
wish to lay on his block.

There is and ought to be a general purpose cow, and
she will be on earth when the highly bred, nervous, weak
constitutioned breeds, with a predisposition to tubercu-
losis, garget and milk fever, are on the back seats or in the
hospitals.

Part two of this talk is on the feeding of our cow.

She must have food, and it is time that she should have
it in such form and proportion, that it may do her the most
service.

There was a time when farmers believed that herdsgrass,
hay and corn meal were the foundation stones in the
structure of good feeding, and many to-day believe the
same thing ; but, as a matter of fact, they are two of the
poorest articles when fed together that we can use. They
are both excessively composed of starch, and while it is
well-known that a cow requires daily from 2 to 2.5 pounds
of albuminoids and from 13 to 15 pounds of starch to give
the best results, or six pounds of starch for each pound of
albuminoids, this herdsgrass hay contains 14 lbs. of starch
to one of albuminoids. So if we should feed a cow on this
alone, we must get her to consume 100 lbs. of hay daily to
get what starch she requires, and then instead of having
two lbs. of albuminoids which she requires, she will have
only one pound. Now if we add corn meal to this we are
using a grain that has 9 lbs. of starch for every one pound
of albuminoids, and can never balance a ration in that v^aj.
What we must do then is to find some grain that has an
excess of albuminoids, and this we find in cottonseed meal,
gluten meal, linseed, middlings, shorts, brewers' grains, etc.

A balanced ration is simply one that has the albuminoids
and starchy parts in the right proportion, and balancing a
ration mean simply to so supplement our coarse fodders
that this correct proportion will be attained, hence the

^37

coarser and more starchy the foundation of a ration the
greater must be the per cent, of albuminoids in the grain^

The purchase of corn meal by milk and butter producers
has been and is to-day, a great hindrance to succes'sful
dairying.

A ton of gluten feed is worth probably 50 per cent,
more than a ton of corn meal, when fed with ensilage or
hay or other coarse fodder, and yet they cost the same money.

The following tables give some standard mixtures of
grain and standard rations for cows weighing 1000 lbs. alive.

STANDARD GRAIN MIXTURES.

No. 1 — Corn meal, 100 lbs.; middlings, 100 lbs.; cotton-
seed, 100 lbs.

No. 2 — Corn meal, 200 lbs.; middlings, 400 lbs.; gluten,
300 lbs.

No. 3 — Corn meal, 300 lbs.; cotton-seed, 300 lbs.; gluten,
150 lbs. This is for butter making particularly.

No. 4 — Corn meal, 200 lbs.; cotton-seed, 300 lbs.; shorts,
300 lbs.

No. 5— Gluten, 100 lbs.; cotton-seed, 100 lbs.; shorts
100 lbs.

No. 6 — Gluten, 100 lbs.; cotton-seed, 200 lbs.; shorts,
100 lbs.

STANDARD RATIONS FOR COWS WEIGHING 1,000 LBS.

No. 1 — Hay, 11 lbs.; corn fodder, 11 lbs.; grain mixture
No. 3, 9i lbs., or 7 qts.

No. 2 — Hay, 11 lbs.; corn fodder, 11 lbs.; grain mixture
No. 4, 10 i lbs., or lOi qts.

No. 3 — Hay, 12 lbs.; oat straw, 8 lbs.; grain mixture. No.

3, 9 lbs.; or 7 qts.

* No. 4 — Hay, 12 lbs.; oat straw, 7 lbs.; grain mixture. No-

4, 10 lbs., or 10 qts.

No. 5 — Ensilage, 50 lbs., or two bushels ; hay, 5 lbs.;
grain mixture, No. 3, 7i lbs., or 5i qts.

No. 6 — Ensilage, 50 lbs., or two bushels; hay, 5 lbs.;
grain mixture. No. 4, 8 lbs., or 8 qts.

138

(Grain mixtures Nos. 5 and 6 should only be fed with
very coarse fodders, like straw, swale hay, corn fodder, etc.)

No. 7 — Ensilage, 30 lbs., or five pecks ; hay, 10 lbs.; grain
mixture. No. 3, 8 lbs., or 6 qts.

No. 8 — Ensilage, 30 lbs., or five pecks : hay, 10 lbs.;
grain mixture. No. 4, 9 lbs., or 9 qts.

No. 9 — Ensilage, 40 lbs., or seven pecks ; clover hay, 8
lbs.; grain mixture. No. 1, 8 lbs., or 6 qts.

No. 10 — Ensilage, 50 lbs., or two bushels ; clover hay, 5
lbs.; grain mixture. No. 3, 7 lbs., or 5i qts.

No. 11 — Ensilage, 40 lbs., or seven pecks ; clover hay, 8
lbs.; grain mixture, No. 2, 8 J lbs., or 6 qts.

No. 12 — Hay, 10 lbs.; straw, 10 lbs.; grain mixture. No.
5, 9 lbs., or 9 qts.

AFTERNOON MEETING.

At the afternoon meeting Prof. Whitcher said he would
answer any questions suggested by the morning's discus-
sion, which he did, after which he said he would specially
consider ensilage and soiling. Ensilage, said he, is of great
importance to dairy farming. He spoke of the strong op-
position to it when first introduced ; and he also spoke of
the erroneous view many people had of it as a perfect
food, when, as a matter of fact, no one food is perfect. The
speaker believed that no crop produced as much fodder
with as little work on an acre of ground as Indian corn.
He described the old process of cutting cornstalks in the
field, tying them up, etc., and compared the labor of rais-
ing ensilage comparatively small compared with the old
way of harvesting a piece of corn. Some errors concern-
ing ensilage had been corrected. For instance, it was
formerly thought that $600 or $800 was required to build
a silo, but that figure has been reduced materially. Neither
is it desirable to raise the tallest corn for ensilage — it is apt
to be woody. Corn should be cut just when it is begin-
ning to tassel. It is a loss of time and money to break off
ears of corn from the stalk to use for corn meal. The

139

grain may just as well go into the silo, from which it will
eventually all be fed to the cattle, and do as much good as
if fed in the form of meal.

No milk raiser in Massachusetts, said Prof. Whitcher,
can afford to get along without a silo. The expense of
building one should not be over $1 per ton, provided the
capacity is one hundred tons or over. In regard to the
crop to be raised, he said that the ordinary run of land did
not possess enough potash. He did not favor a very large
kind of corn, but preferred some kind that would produce
ears large enough to boil before the first frost comes.

He especially recommended the Sanford corn for ensi-
lage. This is neither a sweet or a field corn. He would
sow 24 or 25 quarts to the acre, which is none too much,
and the yield should be 24 or 25 tons. Three pecks of
southern corn to the acre is none too much.

There are two ways of harvesting — whole and cut. It
should be cut, though it is better to stow awa}'" whole than
not at all. It was at first deemed necessary to weight en-
silage with sand or rocks, but this is intended to protect
the top only, and, as a matter of fact, it does not do that;
some six inches on top are pretty sure to be spoiled any
way, and his experience was a foot of sawdust on top was
as good as anything. A fair estimate in feeding ensilage
to cows is to allow five tons to a cow per annum, or 45 to
50 pounds per day to a cow of 1000 pounds.

Some questioning and discussion followed, in which vari-
ous ones participated, in the course of which Prof. Whitcher
stated it as his belief, that the interest on the money
invested in a brick or stone silo would more than keep a
wooden one in repair and rebuild it when necessary.

IMPROVED PASTURE AND WASTE LAND.

The Committee on Improved Pasture and Waste Land
have attended to their duty, and respectfully recommend
the following premiums :

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'$15. First premium, to Otis F. Putnam of Danvers.
$10. Second premium, to George J. Pierce of West New-
bury.
Isaac F. Knowlton, Nathan Longfellow — Committee^

STATEMENT OF OTIS F. PUTNAM OF DANVERS ON IM-
PROVED WASTE LAND.

The lot of land to which I call your attention was, in
1878, a forest of about thirty cords' growth of wood per
acre. The wood was cut, leaving about one hundred tim-
ber trees, of from ten to sixty feet each, ton measure. The
bushes were sprouted two or three years and allowed to
grow, until 1890, when I bought the farm, of which this
lot was part.

I sprouted the bushes that and the next year, and in
November. 1892, commenced digging out all the rocks^
large or small, that appeared on the surface of the ground.
We spent 25 days doing the job, which, at 11.50 per day,
would cost 137.50.

We then expended 20 days' labor for men, |30, and 20
days for horses, at 1 1 per day, |20. The rocks we drew to
the borders of the field, and built in the fall and winter of
'92 and spring of '93, about 100 rods of heavy four-foot
stone wall around that portion of the field that had before
an old rotten rail fence. The small rocks I gave to the
Lynn & Boston Street Railway for paving, about 100 two-
horse loads. This labor and building the wall I do not re-
gard as expense of clearing the lot. In 1893 I commenced
ploughing the lot with a National Sulky Plough, and three
large horses, with driver, and four men as helpers, getting
out all rocks that we found. We worked sixteen and one-
half days, at an expense of $123 for men and $49.50 for
horses. We then commenced drawing off rocks, large and
small, that we turned out, and expended 20 days' labor for
men, $30, and 20 days for horses, $20.

In the winter of 1892 I cut the timber trees and carried
them off, leaving 100 stumps to be got out early in tlie

141

spring. This year we commenced blasting them out with
dynamite. We spent four days' labor at this job ($6), and
in clearing out roots, drawing and burning stumps, we
expended nine days' labor for men ($13.50), and one horse
three days (§3). I paid $35 for dynamite. This labor
brought the field to a condition to cultivate. I spread six
cords of cow manure to the acre over five acres of the lot,
and dressed the balance of the lot with Mapes' fertilizer.
I planted two and three-fourths acres of potatoes and
got 550 bushels, equal to about 200 bushels per acre. I
planted two acres of " Angel of Midnight " field corn,
and where it was not injured by the crows yielded about
70 bushels i)er acre of shelled corn. I planted one-half
acre of squash, which, with bugs and all, was a failure. I
planted one and one-eighth acres of cabbage and garden
vegetables, which gave a good yield.

SUMMARY OF EXPENSE.

Digging rocks,

1 37 50

Teaming off rocks.

50 00

Ploughing and picking rocks.

172 50

Picking and drawing rocks,

50 00

1367 50

The lot contains six and three-eighths acres of land,
cleared at a total cost of $367.50.

Since writing this renort I have taken one row of corn
across the field, husked and weighed it green, which, at
3600 hills to the acre, gave a weight at 70 lbs. per bushel,
equal to 98 1-2 bushels of shelled corn per acre. I don't
know how much it would shrink per bushel, but deducting
20 per cent., it would yield 78 bushels shelled corn per
acre.

Respectfully submitted,

Otis F. Putnam.

142

REPORT OF GEORGE .1. PIERCE, OF WEST NEWBURY, ON
IMPROVING WASTE LAND.

The land I enter for a premium was a bushy pasture
and waste land, situated on Break Hill, on the main road
from Haverhill to Newburyport.

In 1892, I mowed and burned tlie buslies and planted it-
with corn. It cost me $3.00 per acre for mowing and
burning the bushes, for ploughing with 4 oxen and 3 men,
'17.00 per acre ; spread on T) cords of dressing to the acre
and harrowed in ; then planted with corn and potatoes,
harvested 250 busliels of ears of corn, 50 l)ushels of pota-
toes and 3 bushels of beans.

In 1893, spread on 5 cords of dressing per acre and
sowed barley for fodder and set out 4000 strawberry,
plants, and one half acre of potatoes ; in the fall we had 3
tons barley fodder and 50 bushels of potatoes.

In 1894, spread on 4 cords of dressing to the acre and
sowed it down with barley and grass. I had a good catch
of grass and 3 1-2 tons of barley fodder, and 2500 boxes
of strawberries.

In fall of '93, mowed and burned bushes and ploughed
land, cleared oft" the rocks this spring and prepared the
ground for corn, planted the Longfellow corn, used horse
hoe 3 times and hand hoe once. There are 3 acres and 11
rods in corn. Harvested 400 bushels of sound corn. There
were 3 tons and 900 lbs. of top stalks, and 3 tons, 840 lbs. of
fodder. Put on tlie corn 600 lbs. of fertilizer at $S6 per
ton.

Respectfully submitted,

George J. Pierce.

I hereby certify that I have measured a piece of re-
claimed pasture land for George J. Pierce of West New-
bury, to be entered for premium with Essex Agricultural
Society, and find it contains 10 acres, 33 1-2 rods, of which
there is in grass, 3 acres, 153 rods ; in barley and garden

143

truck, 1 acre, 110 rods ; in potatoes, 1 acre, 79 1-2 rods ;
and in corn, 3 acres, 11 rods.

Lewis W. Smith.
"West Newbury, Mass., Nov. 23, 1894.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ROADS.

An entry of one half mile of road was made by David
A. Pottengill, snpt. of roads for the town of Danvers.

The full connuittee met him Nov. 12th, and with him
made a careful examination of the road entered for the
Society's premium. And we were much pleased with its
appearance, and satisfied with the excellence of the work,
presenting a smooth, even surface, carefully graded, and
durable in its construction, built on the Macadam system,
with the crushed stone, ])urchased of the Broken Stone
Co., of Boston, delivered by cars, very near the work,
making the teaming much less expensive than under or-
dinary circumstances. The total cost of this half mile of
road, according to the statement attached, was $2450.

This se6ms a high price for country roads, and the
committee were of the opinion that quite a saving might
have been made, by using screened gravel for the surface
finish, as a portion of this road was done, with equal or
better results.

For the most economical construction of good roads,
the location and environments must be considered, for
what might be tlie better system in one locality, might
prove unnecessarily costly in another, as, for instance, in a
district where good gravel abounds, it might be question-
able whether it would be advisable to build or repair a
road on the Macadam or Telford system, instead of the
gravel near at hand.

The importance of good roads has been for a few years,
and is now being discussed, as never before in this coun-
try. And all classes of the community, especially far-

144

mei'S, are becoming fully convinced, that economy as well
as comfort, requires better, aye, much better roads, than
we now have. The people, generally, look upon the " Act
of the Legislature " in regard to state roads, with evident
satisfaction, the building of which, on the most ap-
proved scientific principles, will be an object lesson, by
which our town road surveyors and superintendents may
improve their methods. It is believed that through the
incompetency of the men usually elected to that position,
the large sums appropriated for road repairing and road
building have not been expended profitably, or given the
benefit which the public ought to receive, so that while
good roads are expensive, bad roads are more so. It is es-
timated that the bad roads of the country cost the farmers
especially, and others, several hundred millions of dollars
annually.

Let us therefore encourage the building of good roads,
national roads, state roads, country roads and town roads
of good quality. We may well look abroad for examples
of thrift and economy, in ancient and modern times, for
roads centuries old, in perfect condition.

How else can thousands of the unemployed, be provided
for with a comfortable living, better than by building
such roads, and thus furnish work for those who are
willing and unable to do better, and by compelling all able-
bodied tramps who are unwilling to work, to earn the
bread they eat.

Make begging by such a misdemeanor, subject to this
remedy, as a substitute for mistaken charity, an appeal to
their higher manhood.

The Committee unanimously award the 1st premium of
•f 20 to the town of Danvers, for their experiment in good
Toad building.

For the committee,

Benjamin P. Ware.

145

STATEMENT OF THE PIECE OF ROAD BUILT BY D. A.
PETTEISTGILL, OF DANVERS.

The piece of road which I enter, is built of crushed
stone, purchased of the Mass. Broken Stone Co. of Boston.
In the first place, a trench is dng on each side, four inche ;
deep, the width you wish to spread the stone to hold th .'
edges. Then the first layer of No. 3 stone is spread and
rolled until it becomes solid, using plenty of water, then
No. 2 is spread and rolled again solid, then spread a light
coat of No. 1, or what is called dust and rolled dry, after
which use plenty of water, and roll until it becomes per-
fectly solid, or until it will hold the water from running-
through.

The length of the piece of road is 2870 feet or 5800
square yards, at a cost of $2450, or about 42 cts. a
square yard. The cost includes grading, repair of tools,
and use of water, etc.

Respectfully submitted,

David A. Pettengill.

This is to certify that I have measured the piece of
road, and the statement is correct.

James L. Roberts.

REPORT OF DELEGATE TO OTHER SOCIETIES.

Invitations to attend the exhibitions of other societies i'l
the county were received from the Amesbury and Salisbuiy
Agricultural Society, West NcAvbury Farmers' Club, and
the Houghton Horticultural Society, Lynn. And your
delegate is pleased to report that the fair at Amesbury was
a surprise and a complete success. The exhibits of milch
cows, oxen and poultry, far exceeded my expectations, both
in numbers and quality. The fruit and vegetables shown
in the hall certainly gave credit to Essex county, and
surely no greater compliment can be paid ; flowers, works
of art and domestic work of the household were well rep .

146

resented. It was of much interest to observe the people
who gathered there to enjoy the festivities of the occasion.
Apparently everybody, with their relations, were there,
and enjoyed, as did your delegate, the efforts made for a
successful " cattle show." This exhibition, as a whole,
would compare favorably with many of the older and larger
societies of the state. They were honored, as I believe
never before, by the presence of the Governor and staff,
who, with Gen. Cogswell and other invited guests, partook,
with members of the society, of the hospitality of their
annual dinner, served in a conveniently arranged room in
the upper part of the exhibition hall building, and then
joined in listening to admirable addresses by the Governor
and Congressman Cogswell. This Society may well be
congratulated on their spacious and well arranged build-
ings, recently constructed for show purposes.

The West Newbury Farmers' Club, after three years'
omission, held a fair this year.

The fruit and vegetable exhibits were of most excellent
quality, especially of apples. But the great feature of their
fair is the dinner, gotten up by the families of the Club in
the most bountiful and luxuriant style, served by the young
ladies of the town, in a large tent on the village green.
Some four or five hundred sat at the tables, who did their
utmost to relieve them of the delicacies provided. But it
was impossible, so the tent was thrown open freely to all
of those outside who had not been provided with tickets.
Speaking and music followed from a stand outside. A
West Newbury fair is an occasion long to be remembered.
It is made one of great social interest. Friends and rela-
tives are invited from far and near, and they come to have
a good time, and they have it.

Other engagements prevented your delegate from at-
tending the exhibition of the Houghton Horticultural So-
ciety or the banquet that followed, but I have assurance
that it continues to grow in breadth of work and influence.
Lynn is a city of gardens, filled with flowers and fruits,

147

.streets adorned with shade trees, with a park system of
about one thousand acres of natural forest growth of all
varieties of trees incUgenous to this locality. This park
has the highest hills, the largest boulders, the most roman-
iiic scenery to be found in the vicinity, including an arti-
ficial lake of many acres, with miles of fine roads perme-
:ating the whole. Doubtless all of these beautiful reserva-
tions and adornments have come from the influence of the
Lynn Houghton Horticultural Society.
Respectfully submitted,

Benj. p. Ware, Chairman.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON ESSAYS
AND FARM ACCOUNTS.

The committee received this year, very few papers for
examination. They have awarded ilO to Dr. J. W.
Goodell, of Lynn, for an essay upon " The Family Horse
and Its Care," and $8 to Joseph S. Howe of Methuen, for
the " Report of the Committee on Root Crops.''
Respectfully,

G. L. Streeter, Chairman.

Committee : — G. L. Streeter, Salem ; D. E. Safford*
Hamilton ; N. M. Hawkes, Lynn ; G. B. Blodgette, Row-
ley ; J. M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

THE FAMILY HORSE AND ITS CARE.

In treating of the family horse I do not intend to dis-
course upon the origin of the different breeds, neither
those especially celebrated for fleetness or strength, but
the general pet and worthy friend of the whole household,
who patiently lends his strength to assist you in your
|)ursuits of pleasure or profit.

148

(

Selection. — In selecting a horse for general family pur-
poses the size will depend much upon the size of the fam-
ily, whether he is to be used only for pleasure driving oa
the road, or is expected to haul heavy loads and assist in
the cultivation of the land. Whichever it may be, remem-
ber that it is much easier to do light work with a heavy
horse than heavy work with a light horse.

The ordinary well built horse of fifteen hands in height^
will weigh in fair condition about one thousand pounds.
We would select one over, rather than under this size, of
some good solid color, broad between the eyes, from which
he gives you a good honest look, and keeps his ears erect,
good-sized nostrils, well-developed neck and shoulders, arm
and hock, short back, short and flat leg bones, and last,
but most important of all, sound feet, entire in his anatomy
as the Creator formed him, without any wicked or sinful
abbreviations of man. However perfect the animal may be
in all other respects, if his feet be poor, he will only be a
source of anxiety and disappointment to you and of pain
and misery to himself. The horse which will best and
fullest answer these requirements will most often be found
In some strains of the Morgan blood, honest, gentle, tracta-
ble, strong and patient, with sufficient speed for practical
business purposes or pleasure driving.

Gialt. — One of the most satisfactory gaits will be a
good brisk walk, which will roll you along some four to
live miles an hour.

If he will take you seven or eight miles an hour, with a
three to four hundred pound carriage and two peisons of
ordinary size, you will have the satisfaction of throwing
dust in the eyes of lots of slow joggers.

When you buy a horse for your own use and to keep
for years, but/ a good one. In a poor, cheap horse, there is
neither comfort, consolation, pride or peace for the house-
hold.

We deem it no sin for any man, whatever his calling, to
own and drive a good, sound, spirited horse. But to force

149

around the streets an old, poor, lame, half-starved animal,
is one of the " seven deadly sins which cry to heaven for
vengeance.''

Age. — The horse for general family use should not be less
than six years. If he has any weak points they will be
likely to show themselves by that time. If he is found
sound at that age, well trained, not broken and cowed by
violent treatment, but educated, as any sensible domestic
animal is capable of being, with good care and usage he
will be good for fifteen years. Such an animal will render
his most valuable services while in his teens.

We once were fortunate in purchasing a Blackhawk
mare, 8 years old, which gave us good, satisfactory services
for twenty-three years.

It was no idle life, or under the eight-hour system, but
every day, Sunday and all, year in and out, and many a
day in the harness twelve to fifteen hours. She was an
active partner in the business, and hustled when the case
required. She now slumbers on one of the shaded hillsides
of Essex county, and her memory is cherished as an old and
trusted friend.

We would much prefer a horse raised among the rugged
hills of New England than the prairies of the west. He
will be of much finer texture and of more nimble action.
The New England horse has spent his youthful days in
prancing up and down the rocky hills and has an energetic
way in picking up his feet, making him less liable to
stumble on rough and stony roads. The western horse
spends his youthful days in pulling his feet out of the
mud, and the same manner of handling his feet will stick
to him through life.

Of course the blood and temperament of the breed may
have some influence, but will seldom overcome the lessons
of his early years.

Stable. — Having purchased your horse, the next thing in
order will be a suitable stable to keep him in.

Better have a little spare room than to be cramped.

150

Twenty by twenty-five feet, with a good cellar beneath,
well ventilated up througli the roof, would make ample
and comfortable accommodations. Have a trap door to the
second story sufficiently large to take up your sleigh for
summer, also hay, straw and grain, which should never be
kept in the stable below, to absorb all the foul gases, and
where the horse may get loose and eat to his injury, if not
destruction. Have a tight partition between the stall and
carriage room, to preserve the varnish on your carriage.
Let the stairs always lead out of tlie carriage room to the
second floor.

All doors should be hung on rollers. A double floor of
inch boards will do for the main part, but the stalls should
have plank for the upper floor, laid tight and smooth.

Stall. — Four by eight feet will be an average size, with a
rack two and one-half by four feet, of four-inch strips, fas-
tened one inch apart, and placed in the middle, rear of the
stall floor, and inch auger holes in the first floor for drain-
age. This rack should be made to lift out, and the trench
cleaned and flushed as often as necessary.

Crib. — We would have no crib. The old-fashioned crib
is worse than useless. It is actually dangerous. First, it
is built of wood, and on it many a restless horse has
learned that incurable habit of cribbing. Second, it is
usually to store the bedding under, from which ammonia
and other foul gases arise, to the serious injury of the
horse's eyes and general health. Bedding should be placed
in a covered cage outside the stable, where it will dry dur-
ing the day.

We would have an iron pot in one corner of the stall
for grain and an iron rack in the other for hay. Whatever
hay or grain he drops on the floor will be picked up. A
box shoot should come from the floor above to the grain
pot, or, better, a piece of ordinary galvanized gutter, on
which the restless horse will have no inclination to nibble.

The picking up from the floor of a portion of the food
has relieved, if not cured, many a cock-kneed horse. The

gi'oimd is the natural place from which the horse should
feed.

Hitching. — Never hitch a horse in the stall by anything
of indefinite length ; he will either be hitched so short
that he cannot lay down, or so long that he will get cast.
The best hitch is a piece of twisted chain, with snap
hooks on either end, and one of the snaps a swivel. Place
an iron rod with a ring so that it will slide from end to
end, about one and one-half feet long, firmly to the front
middle of the stall, at such a height from the floor that
when one end of the hitch is attached to the ring upon the
rod, the other end will touch the floor. When the halter
is fastened to this end it will allow the horse to pick up
anything within two feet of the head of the stall, without
danger of gettnig bis foot over the hitch. A chain across
the foot of the stall will prevent the animal from pawing
his bedding all out from under him.

The stable should be well lighted, all windows supplied
with weights, so as to open at top or bottom, or both.

Harness. — Never leave any part of the harness hanging
in the stall room ; the pungent gases which arise there
will soon destroy its strength and beauty. Have a tight
closet opening from the carriage room for this purpose.
The gases of the stable may be greatly abated by the fre-
quent use of land plaster or the carbolate of lime sprinkled
about the floor.

Feeding. — The horse by nature is fastidious in regard to
his food and drink, and will not consume foul food or drink
unless driven to it by the unsatisfied pangs of hunger or
thirst. If the food be sweet and clean, although of limited
quantity, he will keep in better condition and spirits than
when allowed indefinite quantities of poor, unclean ra-
tions. It is neither economy for you, or health for him to
purchase second quality fodder.

We are continually prone to feed our horses too much
hay. You not only waste the hay, but endanger the
horse's health. For instance, feed him all the hay that he

152

will eat, then let him drink all the cold water he desires.
Hitch np, and give him a good, smart drive, repeat this day
after day, and if he does not acquire any difficulty in
breathing, it will not be because you have not done your
best to produce it. When the stomach is over-distended,
there is no room for the lungs to expand.

From our continued observation of this matter for along
series of years, we have settled upon the following rule ;
One pound of hay per day to every hundred pounds that
the horse weighs is sufficient, and six to eight quarts of
oats, or its equivalent, for the size of horse which we are
considering, and I would give one-half the ration at night.
The horse, not unlike his master, craves a variety of food,
and when left to forage at large, will select according to
his taste, but when continually stabled is unable to do so.
Oats are the best and safest food for summer, with now
and then a handful of fine feed or shorts added.

But as cool weather approaches, nature demands some-
thing of a more warming nature. This demand is best an-
swered by adding corn meal to the fine feed, also a small
quantity of ground oil cakes is highly beneficial. When
these are added to the oats, the horse eats slower and
chews his food more perfectly.

Cracked corn, I would never insult my horse with, un-
less I desired him to have the colic and die. If you must
feed corn, give it ivhole and best on the cob, then he
will nibble it off, little by little, and chew it more
thoroughly. Some kind of vegetable diet is also conducive
to the animal's health, as potatoes, carrots, turnips and
mangels. These should be used, not as a regular course,
l)ut simply as desserts. I am in doubt about the carrot
having such nourishing qualities as many ascribe to it,
above all other roots. We look upon it simply as an aid
to digestion, the same as pepsin in the human family.
Three or four good sound carrots once a day or two, will
do l)etter than a half peck at once.

153

Salt. — Salt should be placed where he can satisfy his
desires for it daily. ,

Water. — If possible, always water your horse from the
pail, be sure that it is clean and never allow it to be used
for any other purpose about the stable.

Never allow him to drink more than one pail full at a
time, and that drawn fresh. In cold weather one half the
quantity would be better.

The man who will lead his horse down to the brook in
cold winter weather, cut a hole through the ice and ask
him to drink his dail}^ allowance, should have a guardian
placed over him by the Society with a long name, and be
debarred the right to vote in town meetings.

Clothing. — As cold weather approaches, the horse will
demand more and warmer clothing, and if you do not
supply it, nature will, by a long rough coat of hair. Great
improvement has been made, in this matter, since the
epidemic of influenza, which passed through our stables
some fifteen years ago, and ruined or destroyed many of
our valuable animals.

Grooming. — Remember that a good, thoroughly groomed
animal is in better condition to perform his daily task
than the poorly groomed animal, with his extra grain to
offset the neglect. Let it always be done out of the stable
in fair weather. You would not like to have your clothes
brushed over your own food, neither does he relish his
own dirt. Keep a hook and clean out the feet, and in
summer time wash the feet and legs daily.

Shoeing. — To begin, let us examine the anatomy of tlie
horse's foot. We find a hard, horny covering, containing a
soft elastic cushion, called the frog, whose ofifice is to
lessen the concussion when the foot is brought with
greater or less force in contact with the solid bed of the
road ; also this frog is the horse's organ, wherein his sense
of touch is placed, answering to him, as the cushions on the
ends of your fingers do to you, and are most valuable,
when in a condition of perfect health.

154

Nature designed the horse's foot for use on the sodded
ground. But man demands that it shall be made to
endure constant use on the hard gravel road or the paved
street. Hence the necessity of shoeing.

It should be done with the least amount of iron or
steel that will j)rotect the foot from injury, while he is
travelling on the road.

For the common driving or family horse, we deem the
plain flat shoe the best, and all that is required while the
ground is free from ice and snow. Steel is better than
iron, because it can be made lighter and stiffer of the same
weight. We opine that the day is not far distant, when
the fleetest of our racing horses will wear the shoe made
of aluminum. The frog should be allowed to touch the
ground at every step, and the horse will be surer footed
thereby. Great heavy shoes and clumsy calks, are an
abomination to the horse, and should be to his considerate
owner. When from the icy condition of our roads, it is
necessary to have sharpened calks, always dull the
inside calk on the hind shoe. The natural growth of the
hoof will require that the shoes be reset, every three or
four weeks, whether they be tight or loose.

Harness. — For common driving and work when not over
live hundred pounds will be the average load, the common
breastplate is most desirable, coolest and easiest and
quickest put on, and most comfortable for the horse. Let
the bridle be open, giving the horse an unobstructed view
of all objects, which soon become familiar.

The horse starts and tries to shun fancied dangers,
because he hears more than he sees.

If you blind his sight, stuff his ears with cotton, to the
same degree. I would not discard the check, but make
it of such length that wlien the animal is moving at his
natural gait, it will be loose and not tight. The horse
without check, while standing hitched or not, is prone to
be nosing around on the ground and liable to get into

155

trouble. The check may also save the horse from a fall if
driven down]hill with a loose rein.

Carriages. — Let the carriage be in heft, in due proportion
to the load to be carried. The more we examine into this
matter, the more enormous becomes the amount of horse-
power wasted, by using an eight hundred pound wagon
to carry an average load of three to five hundred pounds.

When your carriage will not carry its own weight with-
out injury, you had better discard it for one that will,
while hauling around two or three hundred pounds
unnecessarily. Just multiply it by the number of miles
travelled in a year, find out how many tons you are hauling
for nothing, and how much power you are throwing
away. Better make two loads and quicker time.

Olippiny. — This is a fashion created and strongly
advocated by lazy f/rooms, who wish to keep their horses in
sleekest condition with the least trouble and labor on
their part.

I hear men say, I did not know how smart my horse
was, until I had him clipped. In answer, we would say to
them, some snapping cold morning in winter, put on your
summer bicycle rig, take a spin of ten or fifteen miles, and
I will bet you pound to pence you will beat your own
best recoi'd, and find how nice it is to have your overcoat
stolen just as winter is coming on. If the poor helpless
robbed animal was properly cared for, it would not be
as bad. But he is not.

Often he is seen curled up, shivering, in the cold windy
street, while his thoughtless drivers are gossiping around a
good warm fire.

Nature provides the horse with two suits of clothing, a
thin one for summer and a thicker one for winter. If the
horse is blanketed early in the season and kept generally
comfortable, the winter coat will not grow as long and
thick as when left to shift for himself.

Disease. — The horse is liable to many of the same
diseases as the human species, and when so attacked

156

requires the same kind of treatment. There being the
same difference in temperament, in different individuals,
as in mankind, there should be a like difference in dose.
Eight to ten times the dose given to the average man
would be a safe and efficient dose for the average horse.
Much medicine, as well as food, is wasted among domestic
animals. We deem the services of the veterinary dentist^
skillfully applied, one of the best safeguards against
disease.

The horse which is not allowed to run at grass, for years
at a time, finds trouble in chewing his food, because the
front teeth have grown sufficiently long to prevent the
grinders or molars from coming together, and doing their
work properly, hence the food is swallowed in a half
masticated state. It produces irritation and disease of the
lining membrane of the stomach and bowels. The horse
is poorly nouiished, soon he becomes weak, and is in
general bad condition ; when the mouth is put into a nor-
mal mechanical condition and the horse is nourished by
his food, he needs precious little drugs to keep him so.

If our efforts shall have been instrumental in making
the horse more comfortable, better cared for, of longer
years of usefulness to his master, and less pain and suffer-
ing to himself, we shall be well satisfied with the result.

REPORT OF NEW MEMBERS.

The total number of new members to Nov. 1st, 1894,
was twenty-seven, including those who, by receiving
awards of seven dollars or upwards, became members under
the rule which deducts three dollars from each award to
non-members for membership, which membership is for
life, without assessments, and entitles the member to a
voice and vote in the society's business, and a copy of its

157

annual publication of its transactions. The following

places furnished the new members.

Lynn, 1

Lynnfield, 1

Merrimac, 1

Newburyport, 2
North Andover,!
Salisbury, 1

West Newbury, 5

Amesbury,
B oxford,
Bradford,

1
1
1

Danvers,
Groveland,
Georgetown,
Haverhill,

3

1
2

6

IN MEMORIAM.

In obtaining the names of members of the society de"
ceased, the Trustee in each town and city was requested to
notify the secretary of the death and age of each member
deceased, with brief notices of each in printing or writing,
from which the following has been compiled : —

Edward H. Barnard, of Andover, died April 29, 1894,
aged 69 years. He had been engaged in painting for
many years, was a very worthy and upright citizen, and
always took great interest in agriculture.

John I. Ladd, of Boxford, died Aug. 21, 1894, at the
age of 78 years and 6 months. He was born and spent
the greater part of his jlife in Groveland, where he held
responsible town offices ; also served as County Commis-
sioner and Deputy Sheriff. Although not an extensive
farmer he was much interested in the society, and when
the fair was held at Beverly seveial years ago, it was the
first fair he had missed attending for f ort}^ years. He became
a member of the society in 1858.

Benjamin N. Dodge, of Beverly, died during the past
year, aged 64 years, was well known as one of the pioneer
icemen on Wenham Lake, and was also engaged in farm-

158

ing. He had been one of the selectmen, also an assessor
of Beverly.

Elijah E. Looius, of Beverly, died during the past
year, aged 63 years. He was a well known and highly
esteemed citizen. For many years he had been engaged m
the Agricultural Implement business in Boston, and had
an extensive acquaintance. He had served as selectman and
overseer, and also represented the town in the legislature.

James P. King was born in Danvei-s (now Peabody,)
Nov. 8, 1817, and died in Peabody, March 17. 1894, in the
seventy-eighth year of his age, surrounded by his immedi-
ate family and household friends. Mr. King was one of
the oldest and most useful members of our society, having
served the society as one of its Trustees for many years,
and for several of the last years of his life, was one of its
Vice Presidents. As a member of the society he was
always found at his post of duty, serving on the most im-
portant committees, and lecturing before our farmers'
Institutes upon agricultural subjects, where he was always
welcome as an intelligent, practical farmer. Mr. King was
as widely known among our farmers as any man in the
state, among whom his death is sincerely lamented. As
a citizen of his native town, Mr. King had but few equals,
and no superiors ; he was always in favor of town improve,
ments, gi^■ing of his time and money to secure the best
results. About thirty of the best years of his life were sf)ent
on the board of overseers of the poor of the town, by
which he endeared himself to the unfortunate poor, who
looked to him as a father and protector. Working always^
he marched in the front rank of the moral movements of
his time, from hLs earliest boyhood. The caase of anti-slavery,
temperance and woman suffrage found in him a warm
friend and ardent defender. During the war of the Rebellion
he was a true patriot, a friend of the soldier ; but the
proudest position of his useful life was that of a practical

159

farmer, and his happiest houi-s were those spent
on his fertile fields, and in association with the members of
the Essex Agricultural Society. His funeral was largely
attended by the representative men of the old society, and
the most prominent citizens of the County, by whom he
was very justly esteemed.

George W. Ellis, of Hamilton, has died during
the past year. He was a worthy citizen, and respected by
all who knew him.

Mks. Oliver Patch, of Hamilton, died during the
past year. She was a very estimable woman and had been a
member of this society for twenty-four yeai-s.

Elbridge Tenxey, of Newbury, died during the past
year.

William Noble, of Saugus, died March 22, 1894, aged
75 years. Mr. Noble was born in England. He was always
an upright man, enlisted in the late war July 22, 1862,
and discharged the following year for disabiUty.

Stephen E. Notes, of West Newbury, was born June
21, 1811, died Feb. 14, 1893. Joined the Essex Agricul-
tural Society in 1861, was a good farmer and took quite an
interest in the society.

David L. Goodridge, of West Newbmy, died March
29, 1893. He was a very successful farmer, a member of the
society a long time, and leaves three sons now membere of
the society. He was an honor to tiie town.

Isaac F. Osgood died in North Andover, Dec. 24,
1894, aged 69 years. Mr. Osgood was born in North An-
dover, and with the exception of one year was a resident
of that place. In 1875 he was appointed Postmaster, a
position which he held about eighteen years. He was a
man respected by all who knew him. He held a number

i6o

of town offices, being Town Clerk for thirteen years, and
also being one of the School Committee for a number of
years.

Charles P. Savoky, of Groveland, died Nov. 11,
1893. Mr. Savory was an influential citizen; his death
is sincerely mourned. His aims and endeavors were those
of an honest, upright man. His devotion to the work of
his garden was an example worthy of general commenda-
tion, so in fruit and vegetables it was given him to see a
rich triumph of that for which he aspired and wrought.

Jacob Austin Johnson, of L^am, died April 7, 1894^
at the age of 72 years, 8 months and 10 days. He was a
native of Lynn, and his ancestors were among the early
settlers of the town. Mr. Johnson engaged in shoe man-
ufacturing when quite young, and at one time did a suc-
cessful business as a dealer in linings and other shoe sup-
plies. Disposing of his interest in the last named trade,
he was for some years owner of a large retail boot and
shoe store in Boston. Meeting with reverses, he became
the agent of several of the best known nurseries in the
country, which business he continued until his health
failed, a short time before his death. He represented Ward
5 in the common council in 1858, and for many years
thereafter held the office of Assistant Assessor in the same
ward.

QuiNCY Adams Towns was born in Roxbury, N. H.,
October 2nd, 1834. In 1851, when but seventeen years
old, he left his father's farm, resolved to work out his own
destiny, and moving to Massachusetts, located in Danvers.

Here he learned the shoemaker's trade applying himself
closely for five years, becoming thoroughly familiar with
all the details of the business, and then branching out for
liimself. In 1862, he first came to Lynn, establishing the
business of " Heels & Rands," which from a small begin-

i6i

ning was always an increasing business,until at the time of
his death it had become one of the largest of Lynn's in-
dustries.

Mr. Towns always took an active interest in public
affairs and was a man of great influence in municipal and
State politics. He served the city five years as a member
of the Board of Aldermen and was five^years on Ihe Public
Water Board. Socially, Mr. Towns was an attractive
figure, interesting himself in many organizations. He was
prominent in the formation of the Oxford Club and was
two years its president. He was also the first president of
the Jefferson Club, an organization he had chiefly helped
to found. At the time of his death, he was a Free Mason,
an Odd Fellow, a member of the Lynn Yacht Club and
Bay State Club.

He was one of the organizers and the first president of
the Belt Line Street R. R. Co. Religious work claimed
much of Mr. Towns' attention, he being an active member
of the Second Congregational Parish and for many years
chairman of the Parish Committee.

Quincy A. Towns was a man of sterling integrity, sound
judgment, and a worthy citizen, in obtaining a thorough
knowledge of whatever he undertook. He was absolutely
tireless. Therein lay the secret of his success. Of him it
may well be said, his word is as good as his bond. His
death, hastened without doubt by an heroic act in saving-
two drowning children at Essex, Mass., left a void and yet
seems untimely. His death occurred Jan. 11th, 1894.

William Low, of Rockport, died Jan. 24, 1894,
in the seventy-third year of his life, after an illness of a few
weeks. Mr. Low was a kind-hearted man of rather a
retiring disposition,and clung to some peculiar ideas of his
own, but it is said of him that he never refused to give to
any worthy object when asked, and was always ready to do
a favor when requested. He had held responsible p ositions

l62

ill town, having served as Selectman, Police Officer^
Surveyor, etc.

HiRAJki LrTTLEFiELD. of Salisbury, died Feb. 9, 1894^
aged 57 years. He was widely known as the proprietor, of
the Seaside House, at Salisbury Beach. Mr. Littlelield
had been gradually wearing >out in recent years, and when
he consulted his physician he advised him to rest. This
he could not think of doing. He was once a prominent
business man of Xewburyport^ being in the coal and lum-
ber business, and at the time of his death was largely in-
terested in the lumber business in Canaan. X. H.

Chajiles Hereick died in Topsfield. Dec. 24th, 1893,
aged 81 yeai-s, 11 months. He was a shoe manufacturer, well
and favorably known to the older members of the trade.
He took a lively interest in agriculture, particularly in the
cultivation of fruit, and raised a large crop of good fruit,
both apples and pears, on a limited area of land. He was one
of the first men in Topsfield to successfully control the
canker-worm by the use of printer's ink. He had at one
time in cultivation about 20 varieties of peai-s, and many a.
friend and neighbor was made happy by the gift of the
fruit his skill produced. For a long term of years his shoe
business fui-nished employment to many of the people of
the town. He was a good citizen, a liberal supporter of his
chui'ch, a trusted friend and a useful man.

Samuel P. Andrews was born in Salem, Dec. 8, 1814.
Was educated for the ministry and ordained pastor of a
Unitarian church. He served as clerk of the Fii-st District
Court, Salem, from 1874 to 1888. He died Dec. 31, 1892.

James Bare Cuewex was born in Salem, Dec. 20,
1818: died in Salem, March 23, 1894. Was for many
years engaged in the South American rubber trade, and as
confidential agent for Capt. John Bertram.

i63

(tEORGB Pettengill was bom in South Danvers, Jan. o,
1824; died Nov. 7, 1894. He was deeply interested in
fruit, trees and flowers.

William Augustus Lander was born in Salem, May
8, 1816 ; died in Salem, June 27, 1893.

Daniel B. Gardneii was born in Salem in 1833 ;
grocer for many years ; died in Salem, Oct. 24, 1893.

William P. Goodhue was born in Salem"^ in 1807 ;
grocer by trade ; died June 11, 1894.

Hon. Caleb Foote was born in Salem, Feb. 28, 1803 ;
editor of the Salem Gazette from 1825 until Oct. 2, 1888 ;
served in the legislature and Massachusetts Senate ; was a
member of Gov. Edward Everett's council in 1838 ; post-
master of Salem from 1841 to 1844.

Dr. Henry Wheatland was born in Salem, Jan. 11,
1812. Graduated from Harvard College in 1832, and
from Harvard Medical school in 1837. Supt. of the
East India Marine Society, Salem, from 1837 to 1848.
President of the Essex Institute for many years. Devoted
his time and attention for many years to Essex County
history and genealogy. He died in Salem, Feb. 27, 1893.

Paul Titcomb, of Newburyport, died Jan. 27, 1894,
aged 76 years. He was for many years one of old New-
bury's successful farmers and served his town as selectman
for a number of years. He has been well known for many
years as a grain merchant and established a large business
by his fair and honest dealings. He was honored " and re-
spected by all who knew him.

Capt. Joshua Hale died April 18th, 1894, aged 81
years. He was the youngest son of an old fashioned family
of ten children and died at the old homestead his father
erected in 1800. He was a descendant of one of the oldest

164

Newbury families. His farm at Turkey Hill, has been in
the family since 1642. As a citizen of Newburyport, he
was universall}'- esteemed, and held many important
positions of honor and trust. He was public spirited and
took interest in everything that concerned the prosperity
of liis native city. His sympathies were broad and his
charities abundant.

Frank W. Evans died Nov. 22, 1893, aged 41 years,
8 mos. He was a machinist by occupation, and a member
of the Common Council in 1887.

John Q. Adams died March 20th, 1894j aged 70 years.
He was the fourth child of a family of thirteen children.
All but two years of his life (spent in Bath, Me.) were
spent in Newbur3'-port and his boyhood in Newbury. He
had been engaged in the provision business at the same
stand since 1849.

Wm. T. Coleman died April 27th, 1894, aged 71 years.
He was senior butcher in this city, and had been engaged
in that line of trade for fifty years. Mr. Coleman was a
most exemplary man, and for years had been actively
identified with the Belleville Congregational Church.

Major George D. Sargeant. Our society lost a very
prominent and valuable citizen by the death of George D.
Sargeant, whose decease occurred in East Saugus, July 31.
His death was caused by a stroke of paralysis which hap-
pened one week earlier, since which time he had only par-
tially rallied. Mr. Sargeant was the son of Rev. Aaron D*
Sargeant, a Methodist minister who had two jDastorates in
this city, during the first of which he was born. He had
a good education which was finished at the Wesleyan
University at Middletown, Connecticut. Before complet-
ing his college course in 1861, he enlisted in the 1st regi-
ment, Connecticut Artillery, and went to the front, where
lie made an honorable record, and at the close of the war

i65

he had won the rank of Major, by brevet. At the siege of
Petersburg he was in the trenches one hundred days. He
attended the reunion of his old regiment on the 13th of
last June. Soon after his war service the University ^con
ferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts.

Returning to his birthplace he first engaged in the busi-
ness of insurance, and later became a partner of the large
morocco house of Philip P. Tapley & Co., marrying the
daughter of Mr. Tapley. He continued the morocco busi-
ness after the death of his father-in-law until after the
great fire of November, '89, in which the firm's factories
were burned. About that time he established the Lynn
(iron and brass) Foundry Company, which concern at one
time was the largest purchaser of copper in the country
He has been a director of Lynn Mutual Fire Insurance
Company and upon the retirement of Judge T. B. New-
hall succeeded him as President, and afterwards Treasurer.
In addition to these offices he was a director in the Nation-
al City Bank, a trustee under the will of P. P. Tapley's
estate and of the Tolman Fund.

Mr. Sargeant was a life-long Methodist, being at the time
of his death chairman of the official board of the First M.
E. Church here. His wife died a number of years ago,
and he leaves two sons and two daughters. He was a
sterling man and a scholar, and his loss to the city o
his birth and its institutions is greatly lamented.

Ezra Baker. Ezra Baker died on Monday, July 24,
1893. He was a native of Lynn, and was born April 23,
1818. Brought up to the trade of the old town he became
a shoe manufacturer and was one of the most successful
for many years. About 1858 he engaged in the sewing
machine trade, continuing for several years, and during a
portion of the time covering most of the war and after, he
was engaged in business in Norfolk and Baltimore. In
June, '68, he returned to Lynn and started a real estate and
insurance agency which he continued until his death, and

i66

for a number of years past the house has been well known
in the mercantile circles by the firm name of Baker,
Marshman & Baker, — the junior partner being his
younger son, Fred E. Baker.

In his early manhood he connected himself with the
Unitarian Church, in whose affairs he was quite active,
and from which he never separated. Imbibing the earnest
spirit of the times, in the thirties of the century, he was an
enthusiastic anti-slavery man; afterward a steadfast Whig,
and in all his later years an unswerving Republican.

Mr. Baker's political aspirations were nearly nothing,
and the only office which he ever held was for one year,
that of a councilman, in 1873, near the close of which, up-
on the death of its President, Dr. Bowman B. Breed, he
was chosen his successor.

Sociall}'" he was a very companionable man, and he was a
charter member of the Oxford Club, which has long in-
cluded so many of our prominent citizens. He was like-
wise very intelligent and much interested in good litera-
ture, being notably a lover of poetry.

His many agreeable qualities, increasing with his years,
supplemented the aggressive activity of his early and mid-
dle life and mellowed his judgment ; — and they won him
a host of warm and appreciative friends to cherish his
memory.

William Alvah Lamper. Mr. Lamper was born in
Gilmanton, N. H., in 1824, and died in I>ynn, Mass., Feb-
ruary 6, 1893. He came to Lynn in 1850 and associated
himself with his two brothers, Joseph B. and Stephen D.,
and they carried on the teaming business between Lynn
and Boston. Later on, the sale of flour, hay and grain was
added to their business, and in 1869 also coal, wood, lime
and sand. In 1860 the express business was sold to Pratt
and Babb, but the other business, which was very ex-
tensive, was continued by the Lamper Bros., and at the

i67

time of Mr. Lamper's death the style of the firm was J. B^
& W. A. Lamper.

He was greatly interested in all agricultural matters and
took much pleasure in seeing good horses, cattle and all
the products of the farm.

During the last few years of his life he often expressed
the wish that he might be able to close out his business
and spend the balance of life on a good little farm, but
ideath came too soon for him to realize his cherished hopes.

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171

Art. 9. A committee shall be appointed annually by
the Trustees, to audit the Treasurer's accounts, who shall
report to the Society ; and the same being accepted, shall
be entered by the Secretary in his books.

Art. 10. In case of death, resignation, incapacity, or
removal out of the County, of the Secretary or of the Treas-
urer, the Trustees shall take charge of the official books,
papers, and other effects, belonging to the office that may
be vacated, and give receipts for the same ; which books,
papers, etc., they may deliver to some person whom they
may appoint to fill the office until the next meeting of the
Society, at which time there shall be a new choice.

Art. 11. *Any citizen of the County may become a
member of the Society, by paying the sum of three dol-
lars to increase the permanent fund of the institution.

Art. 12. A committee shall be raised from time to
time, to solicit and receive subscriptions for raising a fund
for encouraging the noblest of pursuits, the Agriculture of
our county ; the same to be sacredly appropriated to that
purpose.

Art. 13. All ordained ministers of the Gospel who re-
side within the County, shall be admitted honorary mem-
bers of the Society.

Art. 14. In addition to the usual number of Trustees
annually elected, the past Presidents of the Society shall
be honorary members of the Board of Trustees.

Art. 15. The foregoing constitution may be amended
by a proposition of the amendment in writing by a member
at a regular meeting ; the same to lie over for the action
at the next annual meeting of the Society.

♦Members will receive from the Secretary a " certificate of membership." No
fines or assessments are ever imposed. Members are entitled to vote in all its
transactions, with free use of the Library and a copy of the printed "Transac"
tions" each year.

A premium of six dollars is now offered to the resident of the County obtaining
the largest number of new members during the year ending Nov. 1.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.

IFOI^ 1894:-95.

PRESIDENT.

FRANCIS H. APPLETON, of Peabodj.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

JAMES J. H. GREGORY, of Marblehead.
OLIVER S. BUTLER, of Georgetown.
HORATIO G. HERRICK, of Lawrence.
ASA T. NEWHALL, of Lynn.

SECRETARY.

JOHN M. DANFORTH, of Lynnfield.

TREASURER.

GILBERT L. STREETER, of Salem.

HONORARY TRUSTEES.

JOSEPH HOWE, of Metlmen.
BENJAMIN P. WARE, of Marblehead.

TRUSTEES.

amuel Cammett, Amesbury, Amos P. Alley, Marblehead,
Charles C. Blunt, Andover, Geo. W. Sargent, Merrimac,
John W. Lovett, Beverly, Geo. B. Bradley, Methuen,

173

Warren M. Cole, Boxford, Geo. A. Currier, Middleton,
William Thornton, Bradford, Geo. Abbott James, Nahant,
Andrew Nichols, Dan vers, N. Warren Moody, Newbury>
Albert E. Lufkin, Essex, Otis L. Kent, Newburyport,
Sherman Nelson, George town, A. M. Robinson, N. Andover
A. F. Harvey, Gloucester, E. Pope Barrett, Peabody,
Sam'l B. George, Groveland,Allen Smith, Rockport,
Albert W. Dodge, Hamilton,George E. Daniels, Rowley,
Thomas Sanders, Haverhill, James E. Page, Salem,
James W. Bond, Ipswich, John Q. Evans, Salisbury,
Warren C. Allyn, Lawrence, Samuel Hawkes, Saugus,
Edwin Bates, Lynn, David Warren, Swampscott,

John H. Perkins, Lynnfield, Chas. J. Peabody, Topsfield,
Dan'l W. Friend, Manchest'r,David Pingree, Wenham,
W. E. Merrill, W. Newbury.

Members of Essex Agricultural Society.

DECEMBER, 1894.

Previous printed list was in 1892, corrected in 1893 and in
1894 Reports. If any errors are discovered in the following
list, please report them to the Secretary. Trustees are re.-
quested to report death of members as soon as they occur,
with printed notice, when convenient.

AMESBURY.— 25.

Bailey, 0. S.
Cammet, Samuel
Chesley, John F.
Chesley, M. B.
Currier, W. H. B.
Davis, B. Lewis
Feltch, Elbridge S.
Gale, Edmund

Gale, Foster
Goodwin, E. A.
Hill, Albert C.
Hill, J. Henry
Hollander Lambert
Huntington, B, F.
Little, J. P.
Lane, T. W.
Mason, John J,

Morrill, Geo. T.
Morse, Daniel L.
Nelson, David O.
Sawyer, Aaron jr.
Tewksbury, R. R.
Tibbetts, William B.
True, Eben
Vining, William F.

ANDOVER.— 52.

Abbott, James J.
Abbott, Nathan F.
Abbott, Hartwell B.
Abbott, John B.
Albeget, Lewis
Andrews, M. C.
Bailey, Moses A.
Bailey, Samuel H.
Blunt, Charles C.
Blunt, Joseph H.
Buchan, George

Cheever, James O.J
Cole, John N.
Cummings, C. 0.
Downing, Mrs. J. J.
Fames, Plato
Flint, John H.
Foster, George W.
Foster, Moses
Foster, George C.
Foster, F. H.
Gould, Milo H.

Jenkins, E.' Kendall
Johnson, Francis H.
McLawlin, Henry
Moor, J. Warren
Noyes, Henry P.
Poor, Joseph W.
Play don, Alfred G.
Rea, Jasper
Ripley, George
Smith James B.
Smith, John L.

191

Hill, E. L., Templeton, Mass. Stone, Edwin M., Prov., R. I.
Hill, Mark F., Derry, N. H. Tappan, S. B , Arlington
Holt, H. E., Lexington Taylor, George H., Everett

Hubbard ,J.G.,Hampste'cl,]Sr.H.Trask, Alfred M., Brockton
Hutchinson, C. H., Rhinebeck, Walker, Dexter M., Boston

N. Y. Ward, Winsor M., Wakefield

Johnson, James T., Waltham Ware, Darwin E., Boston
Kent, Albert S., Colorado Webb, Michael, jr., Cambridge

Kimball, Jonathan, Boston Wentzel, David, Amherst
Kimball, W.F.,Providence, R.T. Wheeler, H. T., Worcester
King, D. Webster, Boston Whitman, F. A., Lexington
Knight, J. M., Maine Whittemore, Chas. A., Boston

Lamb, Wm. D,, Southbridge Whittemore, J-. R., Chicopee
Lake, Chas. H., Churchill, Md.Wilder, S. W., Lowell

Total number, December, 1892 — 1374 resident members.

142 non-resident members. Grand total, 1516 members.

List of Premiums Awarded 1894.

FAT CATTLE.

James C. Poor, No. Andover, pair fat oxen, first prem., $7 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, best fat ox, first premium, 5 00

BULLS.

Isaac C Day, Boxford, Ayrshire, first premium, $7 00

A. E. Towne, Georgetown, Guernsey, first premium, 7 00

Robert Foss, Hamilton, Jersey, first premium, 7 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, 7 00
Horace Moody, West Newbury, Jersey, first premium, 5 00
Cochickewick Farm, No. Andover, Ayrshire, first prem., 5 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, 5 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, second premium, 3 00
C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, Holstein, second pre-
mium, 5 00
M. H. Connor, West Newbury, Ayrshire, second prem., 3 00

MILCH cows.

« James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein cow, first premium,

$10 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein cow, second premium,

5 00
James F. Poor, No. Andover, Grade cow, first premium, 8 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, Grade cow, second premium,

4 00
M. H. Connor, West Newbury, Ayrshire cow, first premium,

8 00
M. H. Connor, West Newbury, Ayrshire cow, second premium,

4 00

193

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

James C. Poor, No. Andover, 6 Holstein and Grade cows,

first premium, $15 00

Thomas Sanders, Haverhill. 6 cows, second premium, 10 00

HEIFERS, PURE BRED.

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, $5 00
James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, 5 00
C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, Holstein, second pre-
mium, 3 00
C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, Holstein, second pre-
mium, 3 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayrshire, first premium, 5 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayrshire, first premium, 5 00
J. D. W. French, No. Andover, Ayrshire, second prem., 3 00
M. H. Connor, West Newbury, Ayrshire, second prem., 3 00

HEIFERS, NATIVE OR GRADE.

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Grade Holstein, first premium,

$7 00

John F. Swapp, West Newbury, Grade Holstein, second pre-
mium, 5 00

Horace Moody, West Newbury, Grade Ayrshire, first premium,

5 00

Charles W. Webster, Haverhill, Grade Holstein, first pre-
mium, 5 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Grade Holstein, second pre-
mium, 3 00

Horace Moody, West Newbury, Grade Ayrshire, second pre-
mium, 3 00

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, working oxen, first

premium, $10 00

Horace Moody, West Newbury, working steers, first premium,

8 00

STEERS.

W. H. Poor, West Newbury, 3 year old steers, first premium,

$7 00
Horace Moody, West Newbury, 2 year old steers, first pre-
mium, 6 00

^94

George Flook, West Newbury, 3 year old steers, second pre-
mium, 5 00

TEAM USED ON FARM.

W. E. Merrill, West ISTewbury, 3 pair horses, first premium,

$5 00
Fred A. Russell, Methuen, 2 pair horses, second prem., 3 00
C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, 2 pair oxen, first pre-
mium, 5 00

STALLIONS, FARM AND DRAFT.

J. W. Carlisle, Ipswich, Percheron, second premium, $6 00

STALLIONS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

L. K. Morse, Haverhill, with 5 of his stock, second premium,

f 10 00
L. K. Morse, Haverhill, chestnut stallion, second premium,

6 00

FAMILY HORSES.

John O'Connor, West Newbury, first premium, $8 00

John C. Day, Bradford, second premium, 6 00

Morris S. Hill, Methuen, third premium, 4 00

RROOD MARES, FARM AND DRAFT.

Charles C. Batchelder, Groveland, first premium, $10 00

SINGLE FARM HORSES.

A. W. Butrick, Haverhill, first premium, $8 00

J, D. W. French, No. Andover, first premium, 8 00

M. M. Jaques, Groveland, second premium, 6 00

James G. Poor, No. Andover, second premium, 6 00

PAIRS FARM HORSES WEIGHING OVER 2,500 LBS.

W. G. Webb, Haverhill, first premium, $8 00

A. M. Robinson, No. Andover, second premium, 6 00

PAIRS FARM HORSES WEIGHING LESS THAN 2,500 LB3.

M. H. Connor, West Newbury, first premium, $8 00

George C. Carr, West Newbury, secoud premium, 6 00

COLTS, FARM PURPOSES.

John C. Day, Bradford, first premium, $7 00

Isaac C. Day, Boxford, first premium, 7 00

195

James C. Poor, No. Andover, second premium, 5 00

R. Jaques, J>J"ewbury, second premium, 5 00

S. F. Newman, Newbury, first premium, 5 00

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

Edwin H. George, Groveland, first premium, $7 00

J. H. Nason, Boxford, first premium, 7 00

A. H. Adams, Haverhill, second premium, 5 00

L. C. Pemberton, Groveland, second premium, 5 00

A. Lincoln Lewis, Bradford, first premium, 5 00

Barro, Bradford, first premium, 5 00

Geo. B. Parkhurst, Boxford, second premium, 3 00

Sylvester P. Smith, Haverhill, second premium, 3 00

SWINE, LARGE BREEDS.

Charles H. Leach, Topsfield, Chester sow and pigs, first pre-
mium, $6 00
Chas, T. Balch, Groveland, Yorkshire sow and pigs, first pre-
mium, 6 00
Horace Moody, West Newbury, Grade sow and pigs, first pre-
mium, 6 00
A. W. Buttrick, Haverhill, Berkshire sow and pigs, first pre-
mium, 6 00
A. W. Buttrick, Haverhill, Berkshire boar, first prem., 6 00
E. G. Nason, West Newbury, weaned pigs, first prem., 6 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Cheshire sow and pigs, first prem., 6 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Chester white boar, first premium, 6 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Cheshire boar, first premium, 6 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Yorkshire boar, first premium, 6 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Chester sow and pigs, second premium,

4 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Yorkshire sow and pigs, second pre-
mium, 4 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Berkshire boar, second premium, 4 00
Isaac C. Day, Boxford, weaned pigs, second premium, 4 00

SWINE, SMALL BREEDS.

W. L. Hill, Peabody, Yorkshire boar, first premium, $6 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Yorkshire sow and pigs, second pre-
mium, 4 00

196

SHEEP.

Richard Newell, West Newbury, Southdown buck, first
premium, 8 00

Richard Newell, West Newbury, 10 Grade sheep, first pre-
mium, 8 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, 10 Grade Shropshire sheep,
first premium, 8 00

J. D. W. French, No. Andover, 5 Grade Oxfordown lambs,
first premium, 5 00

Isaac C. Day, Boxford, 4 Southdown lambs, first pre-
mium, 5 00

Isaac C. Day, Boxford, 10 Grade Southdown sheep, second
premium, 6 00

M. H. Toomey, Newbury, 4 lambs, second premium, 3 00

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAM.

C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, first premium, 10 00

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAM, SWIVEL PLOUGH.

James C. Poor, No. Andover, first premium, 8 00

PLOUGHING WITH HORSES, ANY PLOUGH EXCEPT SWIVEL.

F. H. Poor, West Newbury, 4 horses, first premium, S 00

Carlton Little, Newbury, 2 horses, first premium, 8 00

W. E. Merrill, West Newbury, 2 horses, second premium, 6 00
John F. Hills, West Newbury, 2 horses, third premium, 4 00

PLOUGHING WITH TWO HORSES, SWIVEL PLOUGH.

A. M. Robinson, No. Andover, first premium, 8 00

M. H. Carr, West Newbury, second premium, 6 00

PLOUGHING WITH THREE HORSES.

W. E. Merrill, West Newbury, first premium, 8 00

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOUGH.

Fred A. Russell, Methuen, first premium, 8 00

PLOUGHING BY BOYS,

Charles S. Little, Haverhill, first premium, 8 00

197

GRAIN CROPS.

Nathan Longfellow, Groveland, crop of corn, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Ered A. Stultz, West Newbury, crop of corn, second pre-
mium, 5 00

Charles C. Blunt, Andover, crop of rye, first premium, 10 00

SMALL FRUITS.

J. H. Nason, Boxford, crop of strawberries, first pre-
mium, 10 00

W. K. Cole, Boxford, crop of raspberries, first premium, 10 00

Amos Haseltine, Haverhill, crop of currants, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Amos Haseltine, Haverhill, crop of blackberries, first pre-
mium, 10 00

ROOT CROPS.

Charles C. Blunt, Andover, crop of carrots, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Charles C. Blunt, Andover, crop of parsnips, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Fred A. Russell, Methuen, crop of parsnips, second pre-
mium, 5 00

Fred A. Eussell, Methuen, crop of.beets, first premium, 10 00

Fred A. Russell, Methuen, crop of potatoes, second pre-
mium, 5 00

Fred A. Russell, Methuen, crop of squash, first pre-
mium, 10 00

Fred A. Russell, Methuen, crop of cabbage, second pre-
mium, 5 00

John H. George, Methuen, crop of onions, first premium, 10 00

J. H. Lunt, Newbury, crop of onions, second premium, 5 00

Nathan Longfellow, Groveland, crop of potatoes, first pre-
mium, ' 10 00

David Warren, Swampscott, crop of cabbage, first pre-
mium, 10 00

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND WASTE LAND.

Otis F. Putnam, Danvers, waste land, first premium^ 15 00
George J. Pierce, West Newbury, waste land, second pre-
mium, 10 00

198

OTHER AWARDS.

Awarded by Committee on Granges,

" Roads,

25 00
20 00

" Poultry, 150 00

" Harrows, 14 00

'* Agricultural Implements, 36 50
" Dairy, 24 00

" Carriages, 28 00

" Bread and Canned Fruit, 24 00
" Honey, 6 00

" Pears, 65 00

" Apples, 84 50

" Peaches, Grapes, etc., 91 25

" Plants and Flowers, 76 75

" Vegetables, 150 00

" Grain and Seed, 27 00

" Counterpanes and Afghans, 25 00
" Carpets and Rugs, 22 00

" Manf. from I^eather, 24 00

" Manf. and General Mdse., 14 00
" Fancy Work, 50 00

" Art Work, 47 00

" Work by Children, 15 50

RECAPITULATIOlSr.

Awarded for ploughing,

FARM STOCK.

Awarded for Fat Cattle,

$12 00

Bulls,

54 00

Milch Cows,

39 00

Herds of Milch Cows,

25 00

Heifers,

60 00

Working Oxen and Steers,

18 00

Steers,

18 00

Teams used on Farms,

13 00

Horses,

175 00

Swine,

86 00

Sheep,

13 00

Poultry,

150 00

182 00

$693 00

FIELD AND EXPERIMENTAL CROPS.

Awarded for Grain Crops, 25 00

" Root Crops, 90 00

" Fruit Crops, 40 00

FARM AND GARDEN PRODUCTS.

Awarded for Grain and Seed, $27 00
'• Vegetables, 150 00
'' Fruits, 240 75
'^ Plants and Flowers, 76 75

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

Awarded for Butter,

" " Dressed Poultry and Eggs,

$19 00
5 00

$155 00

$494 50

$24 00

200

DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES.

Awarded for Bread, Canned Fruit, etc., #30 00

" " Counterpanes and Afghans, 25 00

" " Carpetings and Rugs, 22 00

" " Articles Manuf. from Leather, 24 00

« " Manuf. and General Mdse., 14 00

" " Fancy Work, 50 00

" Work of Art, 47 00

" Children's Work, 15 50

MISCELLANEOUS.

Awarded for Agricultural Implements,

150 50

" " Granges,

25 00

" " Roads,

20 00

" " Carriages,

28 00

" " Improving Waste Land,

25 00

" " Essays and Reports,

8 00

$227 50

$156 50

TOTAL.

The amount of $1,834.50 was awarded to 361 individuals

and firms in 28 different cities and towns in the county as
follows :

Amesbury, |66 50 Methuen, $99 75

Andover, 30 50 Merrimac, 19 00

Beverly, 5 00 Middleton, 4 25

Boxford, 120 50 Newbury, 94 00

Bradford, 52 25 Newburyport, 26 00

Danvers, 57 00 North Andover, 212 25

Georgetown, 40 75 Peabody, 57 00

Groveland, 103 00 Rockport, 3 00

Hamilton, 8 00 Rowley, 19 50

Haverhill, 376 25 Salem, 12 25

Ipswich, 6 00 Salisbury, 5 00

Lawrence, 53 50 Swampscott, 10 00

Lynn, 58 25 Topsfield, 10 00

Marblehead, 5 00 West Newbury, 278 00

20I

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

Receipts for Admission to Hall, f 1055 75

- Dinner, 123 00

" " (iroiinds for various purposes, 3 70

11182 45

Expenses, at Hall and grounds, including Dinner, 769 06

Amount paid Treasurer, $383 39

1895.
PREMIUM LIST OF

Essex Agricultural Society,

FOR THE

Seventy- Fifth Annual Cattle Show and Fair.

Duties of Trustees.

The trustee of each town is instructed to see the several mem-
bers of Committees in his town previous to the Show, and urge
upon them the importance of attending to their duties. Also im-
press upon exhibitors from localities near to the Exhibition, the
importance of entering their exhibits for the hall, the afternoon
and evening of Monday, in fairness to those from a distance, who
are obliged to come Tuesday.

To be prompt at the meeting- in June for filling Committees,
and at the meeting of the Society for filling vacancies in commit-
tees on the first day of the Exhibition, making sure that the names
proposed at those meetings are of persons who will serve.

Duties of Committees.

Committees on live stock and articles exhibited on the Fair
Gi'ounds should appear at the Secretary's office on the 2:i'0unds, at
one o'clock, punctually, on the first day of the exhibition, and
there organize, take the books of entry, and proceed at once to
business. Committees in hall, should take the books of entry from
the Supei'intendent, promptly after the entries close.

Full reports of awards by committees, on the blanks furnished
by the Secretary, to be signed by all the members acting on the
same, are required of each committee.

Three members of any committee consisting of more than that
number are authorized to act.

05^X0 member of the Society shall act on any committee of
which he is an exhibitor in the same class.

203

The Diploma of the Society being considered the highest premi-
um that can be awarded, no committee is authorized to award it,
except for animals and articles of special merit, deserving of in-
dorsement and recommendation by the Society.

No committee is authorized to award gratuities, except the com-
mittee on agricultural implements, carriages, bread, honey and
canned fruits, domestic manufactures, fruits, vegetables in hall,
and flowers ; or any premium, unless tbe rules of the Society have
been strictly complied with. Neither shall they award premiums
or gratuities in excess of the amount appropriated.

No gratuity is to be awarded of less than fifty cents.

The several committees are requested to affix premium cards,
and also on animals, blue, white and red printed premium ribbons
(which may be had of the Secretary or assistant on the grounds
and at the hall), for the several animals or articles designating the
grade of premium awarded each, and the name of the person to
whom awarded, and special care should be taken that the cards
issued correspond with the awards in their report to the Society.

The reports of awards of premiums on ploughing and on animals
and articles exhibited at the Show, must be delivered promptly to
the Secretary for announcement on Thursday.

The Society offers liberal premiums for the best reports of com-
mittees ; and the chairmen of the several committees are requested
to present to the Secretary a full report explanatory of the opinions
of the committee on the matter referred to them, within two weeks
after the awards are made at the Show, for publication in the
Transactions.*

Reports on farms, crops, etc., to be presented previous to the
meeting of the Trustees in November.

Any member of a committee who cannot serve on the same is re-
quested to give notice to the Secretary, before the Shoio, so that the
vacancy may be filled.

Each member of the several committees will receive a ticket of
admission to the hall of exhibition, on application to the Secretary.

♦Chairmen of committees will please notice this request.

General Rules.

Competitors are requested to carefully read the rules and premium
list before making entries.

Claims (entries) for premiums to be awarded at the Exhibition
on the Fair Grounds, other than live stock, must be entered with
the Secretary of the Society, or his agent, and in the Exhibition
Hall, on or before 11 A. M., of the first day thereof.

All entries of live stock must be entered with the Secretary at
least one week previous to the holding of the Fair, and no entries
will be received after that date.

Any person not a member of the Society, awarded seven dollars
and upwards, shall receive a certificate of membership, for which
three dollars of his award will be taken to increase the funds of
the Society.

204

Diplomas awarded will be delivered and premiums paid, to the
person to wliora tlie premium or gratuity is awarded, or an agent
duly authorized, on application to the Treasurer, at First National
Bank, Salem, on and after the fourth Monday of November.

All premiums and gratuities awarded, the payment of which is
not demanded of the Treasurer on or before the first day of Sep-
tember next succeeding the Exhibition, will be considered as given
to increase the funds of the Society.

In all cases the reports of awards of premiums and gratuities
made by the several committees and adopted by the Society shall
be final. Committees should see that the premium cards issued, cor-
respond with the premiums and gratuities awarded in their reports.

No person shall be entitled to receive a premium, unless he com-
plies with the conditions on which the premiums are offered, aiid
by proper entry as required, gives notice of his intention to com-
pete for the same ; and committees are instructed to award no
premium unless the animal or article offered is worthy.

No animal or object that is entered in one class, with one com-
mittee, shall be entered in another class, except town teams,
working oxen, working steers, (three year old steers may be-
eutered for ploughing in a double team) and farm horses which
may be entered for ploughing, and milch cows, which may be
entered with a herd.

In regard to all subjects for which premiums are offered, it is to
be distinctly understood that the Trustees reserve to themselves
the right of judging the quality of the animal or article oft'ered ;
and that no premium will be awarded unless the objects of them
are of decidedly superior quality.

Pure Bred Animals, defined by the State Board of Agriculture.

Thepnoof that an animal is so bred should be a record of the an-
imal or its ancestors, as recorded in some herd book, recognized by
leading breeders and the public generally, as complete and authen-
tic.

Standards adopted : — American Jersey C. C. Register and
American Jersey Herd Book, Ayrshire Record and Holstein Herd
Book.

Premiums to be Awarded at the Show.

The Committees will take notice that no premium will he awarded
unless the animals or objects are of a decidedly superior quality.

Diplomas may be awarded for animals or articles of special
merit, in all departments of the Fair.

Cattle and other Farm Stock.

TO BE ENTERED IN THE NAME OF THEIR REAL OWNER.

All animals to be eligible to a premium, shall have been raised'
by the owner within the County, or owned by the exhibitor within
the County, four months previous to the date of Exhibition, except
Working Oxen and Workinct Steers.

205

All animals, whether teams for ploughing, or animals entered for
premium or exhibition, will be fed during the Exhibition, and long-
er when they are of necessity prevented from leaving, at the ex-
pense of the Society.

BULLS.

*Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein, Guernsey, or of
any other recognized breed, for each breed.

Two years old and upwards, premiums, $Q, 4

Under two years, for each breed, $4, 3

BULLS OF ANY AGE OR BREED.

For the best bull of any age or breed, with five of his stock not
less than one year old, quality and condition to be taken into ac-
count, and especially the adaptability of the animal to the agricul-
ture of the county. Diploma and $3

Note.— Competitors are required to give a written statement of pedigree, and
committees are requested to be particular in this respect, and return them to the
Secretary witli report.

MILCH COWS.

For Milch Cows, either Foreign, Illative or Grade, with satisfac-
tory evidence as to quantity and quality of milk by weight during
one full month, premiums, .18, 5

Milch Cows, Ayrshire, Jersey, Devon, Short Horn, Holstein,
Guernsey, or any other recognized breed, four years old and up-
wards, premiums for each breed, $7, 4

For Native or Grade Cows, four years old and upwards, pre-
miums, $7,4

For the cows that make the most butter in a single week from
June 1st to September 15th, premiums, $7, 4

Note. — A written statement will be rf quired of the age and breed of all Milch
Cows entered, and time they drojjjjed their last calf, and when they will next
calve, the kind, quality and quantity of their food during the season, and the
manner of their feeding, which statement is to be returned to the Secretary ■with
Committee's report.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

For herds of Milch Cows, not less than five in number, to be ex-
hibited at the Show, and a correct statement of manner of keeping
and yield for one year preceding the Show, premiums,

Diploma and SIO, 8

For the greatest produce of milk on any farm, in proportion to
the number of cows producing it, not less than four, from April 1,
1894 to April 1, 1895, statement to be made of the exchanges made,
manner, and expense of food, use made of milk, and such other
(acts as will illustrate the entire management, special regard being
had to the mode in which the account is kept, premium.

Diploma and S8

Note.— The above-mentioned statements are to be returned to the Secretary
with Committee's report. The Committee can accept statements dating from
January 1st, preceding the Show.

206

HEIFEKS.

First Class.— Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horu, Devon, Hoist eiu^
Guernsey, or any other recognized breed, under four years old iu
milk, premiums for each breed, $o, 3

Two years old of each breed, that have never calved, premiums,

S4, 2
One year old and under, of each breed, premiums, .'ir4, 2

Second Class. — Native or Grade Milch, under four years old,
premiums, !|5, '6

Two years old, that have never calved, premiums, .'if4, 2

One year old and under, and less than two, premiums, $4, 2

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

Stags excluded. For pairs of Working Oxen under eight and not
less than five years old, taking into view their size, power, quality
and training, premiums, $8, 6

For pairs of Working Strees, four years old, to be entered in the
name of the owner, premiums, .$6, 4

Note.— The Committee are required to consider tlie quality aid shape of the
cattle as well as their working capacity. The training of working oxen and
steers will be tested by trial on a cart or wagon c intaining a load weighing two
tons for oxen, and three thousand pounds for steers. ilggr=At the time of entry a
certilicate of the weight of the cattle must be flled witti the Secretary.

FARM TEAMS.

For the best Farm Team of not less than two pairs of Oxen, or
two pairs of Horses, owned and used on one farm, premiums, $5, 3

STEERS.
For pairs of three year old Steers, broken to the yoke, premiums,

For pairs of two year old Steers, premiums, $4, 2

For pairs of yearling Steers, and under, premiums, .f 3, 2

STALLIONS, FARM AND DRAFT.

For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, four years old and
upwards, diploma, or premiums, $8, 5

For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, three years old, pre-
miums, $5, 3

For best Stallion of any age, and five colts of his stock, not less
than five years old, quality and condition to be taken into account.

Diploma and $8

STALLIONS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

For Stallions for Driving purposes, four years old and upwards,
premiums. Diploma and SS, 5

For Stallions for Driving purposes, three years old, premiums.

Diploma and $5, 3
For best Stallion of any age and five colts of his stock, not less
than one year old, quality and condition taken into account.

Diploma and S8

Note.— No stallion will be entitled to a premium unless free from all apparent
defects capable of being transmitted. All stallions entered in either class must
have been owned by the exhibitor four months previous to the exhibition.

207

BKOOD MARES, FARM AND DRAFT PURPOSES.

For Brood Mares for Farm and Draft Purposes, with their foal^
not more than eight months old, by their side, premiums, $S, o

BROOD MARES, DRIVING PURPOSES.

For Brood Mares for Driving Purposes, with their foal not more

than eight months old, by their side, premiums,

Note.— No brood mare will be entitled to a premium unless free from all ap-
parent defects capable of being transmitted .

FAMILY HORSES.
For Family Horses, premiums, $6, 4

Note.— No horse will receive a premium unless free from all unsoundness.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.

For Gentlemen's Driving Horses, premiums, ^6, 4

For pairs of Gentlemen's Driving Horses, premiums, S8, 5

FARM HORSES.

For Farm Horses, weighing 1,200 lbs. and over, premiums, !S;6, 4

For Farm Horses, weighing less than 1,200 lbs., premiums, $Q, 4

Note.— No horse will be allowed excejit those actually used on farms, whether
the owner has a farm or not. The weight of the load to be used in trial of Farm
Horses is to be fixed upon by the committee ol arrangements for drafting, the
difference in the load for horses of 1,200 lbs. and over, and those under 1,200 lbs. to
be 1,000 lbs., and between the two classes of pairs 2,000. No obstruction shall be
placed either before or behind the wheeLs in trials of Draft Horses of either class,
but wheels shall be blocked behind to hold the load when a team stops going up
hill.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES, WEIGHING 2,500 LBS. AND

O VER.

For pairs of Farm Horses weighing 2,500 lbs. and upwards (see
above note), premiums, .|8, 5

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES, WEIGHING LESS THAN

2,500 LBS.

For pairs of Farm Horses weighing less than 2,500 lbs, (see
above note), premiums, $8, 5

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES, 3 AND 4 YEARS OLD.

For Mare or Gelding four year old Colts, premiums, $6, 4

For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, $5, 3

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES, 1 AND 2 YEARS OLD,

For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, two year old Colts, prem., $4., 2
For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, yearling Colts, premiums, $4, 2

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

THREE AND FOUR YEARS OLD.

For Mare or Gelding four year old colts, premiums, $6, 4

For Mare or Gelding three year old colts, premiums, $5, 3

208

ONE AND TWO YEARS OLD.

For Stallion, Gelding or Mare two year old colts, prem., S4, 2
For Stallion, Gelding or Mare yearling colts, premiums, S4, 2

SWINE,— LAEGE BREEDS.

Large Breeds viz : Cheshire, Berkshire, Chester County Whites,

Poland China, Large Yorkshire, weighing more than 300 lbs. at

maturity.

For Boars, premiums, .^5, 3

For Breeding Sows with their pigs by their side, prem., $5, 3

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between two

and four months old, premiums, $5, 3

SWINE,— SMALL BREEDS.

Small breeds, such as Suffolk, Essex, Small Yorkshire, China,

and any other breed or grade, weighing less than 300 lbs. at

maturity.

For Boars, premiums. $5, 3

For Breeding Sows with their pigs by their side, prem., $5, 3

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between two

and four months old, premiums, S5, 3

SHEEP.

For flocks of Sheep, not less than ten in number, each Breed,

premiums, $5, 3

For best Buck, premium, $5

For lots of Lambs not less than four in number between four

and twelve months old, premiums, .S4, 2

POULTRY.

For pairs of Fowls, Light Brahmas, Dark Brahmas, Buff Co-
chins, Partridge Cochins, Black Cochins, White Cochins, Plymouth
Rocks, White Plymouth Rocks, Dominiques, White Leghorns,
Brown Leghorns, Dominique Leghorns, Black Spanish, Hamburgs,
Polish, Games, Dorking, Bantams, Black, White and Mottled Javas,
Wyandottes, White Wyandottes, Golden Wyandottes, Black and
White Minorcas, Red Caps, Andaluslas, Langshangs, and other
recognized varieties, each variety, premiums, SI, .50

For pairs of Chickens of above varieties, premiums, $1, .50

For the best breeding pen of each variety — Diploma of the So-
ciety.

For the best pairs of Native Fowls, premiums, $1, .50

Pairs can be exhibited in " breeding pens," by marking the com-
peting female (with a ribbon or colored string), which, with the
male, will form the pair.

For lots of Turkeys, and Alesbury, Rouen, Caouga, Pekin, White
and Colored Muscovey, and Brazilian Ducks, and Toulouse, Em-
den, Brown China, and African Geese, premiums, $1, .50

Any exhibitor interfering with the Judges in the discharge of
their duties or interfering with, or handling any specimen on ex-
hibition, other than his own, shall forfeit all claim he may have in
the premium list.

209

All breeds exhibited separately and to be judged by the rules of
the " American Standard of Excellence."
For best exhibit of Poultry Appliances, $4

Note.— Diploma only awarded for Breeding Pens.

PLOUGHING.

General Note ON Ploughing. — Stags are excluded. Teams must be entered
in the names of their owners, and only double ox-teams to have drivers. A team
consisting of one pair of oxen and a horse will be considered a double team. The
ovmers of separate teams may unite the same and be allowed to compete for pre-
miums. The ploughmen and drivers must have been residents of the County at
least three months before the exhiljition. Those who intend to be competitors
must give notice to reach the Secretary on or before Saturday previous to the
show. The lands will be staked, but each ploughman will be required to strike
out his own lands in the presence of " Committee on Striking Out Grounds for
Ploughing," after half past nine o'clock in the morning of the trial. Ploughmen
with land side ploughs are to back furrow three furrows on each side of the
stakes set, the last furrow to be of the depth required in the class. Ploughmen,
with swivel ploughs to turn the outside of their furrow to the stakes on one side,
and to finish one loot from the stake on the other. Committees to note and re-
port the kind of plough used.

Ploughing with Double Ox-Teams. — One eighth of an
acre, at least eight inches deep, premiums, S8, 6

Ploughing with Single Ox-Teams. — One-eighth of an acre
at least six inches deep, premiums, S6, 4

Ploughing with Two Horses. — With any form of Plough
except Swivel, one-eighth of an acre, at least six inches deep, pre-
miums, $6, 4

Ploughing with Three Horses.— One-eighth of an acre,
eight inches deep, without driver, premium, S6

Same with four horses, with driver, premium, i|6

Ploughing with Swivel Plough. — One-eighth of an acre,
with double ox-teams, at least eight inches deep, premiums, $Q, 4

One-eighth of an acre with single ox-teams, at least six inches
deep, premiums, $6, 4

One-eighth of an acre with horse teams, consisting of two horses,
ploughing at least six inches deep, premiums, .S6, 4

Ploughing Sulky Plough. — For the best performances, tak-
ing into account ease of draft, amount and quality of work,

Sulky Plough, Landside, premiums, .S6, 4

Ploughing by boys under 15 years of age, premiums, $Q, 4

HARKOWS.

For the best Harrow exhibited, and its merits shown by actual

test upon the ploughed ground, ^6, 4

Note. — Entry must be made with the Secretary before the day of the trial with
description of the Harrow.

ageicultural implements.

For the best collection of Implements and Machines (no article
offered in collection will be entitled to a separate premium),

Diploma and $8

Best Market Wagon, premium, .^4

Best Farm Wagon, for one or two horses, premium, S.3

Best Horse Cart, premium, $S

Best Hay, Straw or Corn Cutter, premium, SI

Best Fruit Evaporator, with sample of work, premium, $4

2IO

For implements not specified above, the Committee may at their
discretion, award S25.

No premium or gratuity will be awarded for any Mower, Horse
Rake. Tedder, or other Machine or Implement, the merit of which
can be known only by actual trial in the field ; but manufacturers
are invited to otfer the same for exhibition and inspection.

CARRIAGES.

For carriages built in the County, and exhibited by the manufac-
turer, Diploma, and twenty-five dollars in gratuities, may be
awarded by the Committee.

In Exhibition Hall.

Committees on articles exhibited in the hall should be especially
careful that the premium or gratuity cards issued with the names,
and suras awarded them, correspond with those in their reports to
the Society.

Committees and Exhibitors will be governed by instructions, un-
der heading of " Duties of Committee," " General Rules," " Premi-
ums to be awarded at the Show," see first pages, and under
" Fruit," " Domestic Manufactures," and "Flowers."

JJ@='A11 Fruit, Flowers, Vegetables and Domestic Manufactures,
must be the product of Essex County, to be entitled to a premium
or gratuity.

GRANGE EXHIBIT.

The Society offers seventy dollars to be divided in four premi-
ums for exhibits by the different Granges in Essex County, as fol-
lows :— Premiums, $20, 15, 10

Note.— This exhibit includes all Fruit, Vegetables and Domestic Manufactures
that are exhibited in any other department in Exhibition Hall.

DAIRY.

For specimens of Butter made on any farm within the County
the present year, samples of not less than five pounds to be exhib-
ited, with a full account of the process of making and manage-
ment of the Butter, premiums, $5, 3

For Specimens of New Milk Cheese, made on any farm in the
County the present year, samples of not less than fifty pounds to
be exhibited, with statement in writing of the method of making
and preserving the same, premiums, $5, 3

Note. — Each lot presented for premium and the statement accompanying it,
must be numbered, but not marked so as to indicate the claimant; any public or
known mark must be completely concealed nor must the competitors "be present
at the examination.

BREAD AND CANNED FRUIT.

For White Bread made of Wheat fiour. premiums, $2, 1

For bread made from Graham fiour, premiums, S2, 1

For bread made from other grains, or other grains mixed with

wheat, premiums, $1.50, 1

211

All bread, entered for premiums, to be in loaves weighing not
less than one pound each, and not to be less than twenty-four hours
old, with a full written statement over the signature and address of
the maker, stating the kind of flour used, quantity of each ingredi-
ent, how mixed, and length of time kneaded and raised, and how
long baked, lohich statements on all premium bread are to be sent to
the Secretary toith report of the Committee for publication.

For first and second best collection of Pickles, Preserved Fruits,
and Jellies made from products of the County, whe^i premiums are
awarded., the method of making to be sent to the Secretary by the Com-
mittee for publication, premiums, ^2, 1

For the first and second best five pounds of Dried Apples, grown
and dried within the County, with statements of process used and
amount of labor and time required in preparing and drying, such
statement on premium fruit to be given to the Secretary for publica-
tion, premiums, $2, 1

In addition to the above, are placed in the hands of the Commit-
tee for gratuities on other articles entered in this department, pro-
ducts of this County, deemed worthy, $5

BEES, HIVES AND HONEY.

For the first and second best display of Bees, Hives and Apiarian
Implements, accompanied with a written description of the bees,
hives, etc., number of hives in use and amount of surplus honey
taken from them during the season, premiums, S4, 2

First and second best Honey, ten pounds in comb and one pound'
extracted, made in the County, with statement signed of kind of
bees and hive, and time of year when honey was made, premiums,

.'f?2,l

Fruit.

All fruit must be entered in the name of the grower before 11
o'clock on the first day of the exhibition, and each exhibitor must
certify to the same on the Entry Book, or on lists of the varieties
of each class of fruit, or be filed when entry is made. (Commit-
tees are not authorized to make awards to those who do not com-
ply with tliis rule.)

Tables will be labelled in a conspicuous manner by the hall com-
mittee before the entry of exhibitors, with the names of fruit, for
which premiums are offered, all others of same class fruit to be
labelled miscellaneous. Exhibitors must place their several vari-
eties of each class of fruit where indicated by such labels, or be
considered by the committee as not competing for premium.

Plates of collections of fruit, when premiums are offered therefor,
must be entered and placed by the exhibitor on the table assigned
for the exhibit of collections of fruit.

To entitle exhibitors to receive premiums and gratuities awarded,
they are required (when requested by the committee) to give in-
formation in regard to the culture of their fruit.

PEARS.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which are
ecommended for cultivation in Essex County: Bartlett, Belle

212

Lucrative, Bosc, Anjou, Angouleme, Dana's Hovey, Lawrence,
Onondaga, Seckle, Sheldon, Urbaniste, Vicar, Cornice, Howell and
Clairgeau, each, premium, $2

Doyenne d'Ete, Gifford and Clapp's Favorite (ripening early),
are recommended for cultivation, but no premium is offered.

For each dish of twelve best specimens of any other varieties,
•deemed worthy by the committee, premium, .^1.50

For best collection of Pears, recommended for cultivation, pre-
mium, $5

In addition to the above are placed at the disposal of the commit-
iae, to be awarded in gratuities of not less than^l each, $15

APPLES.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which are
recommended for cultivation in Essex County: Baldwin, Danvers
Sweet, Tompkins King, Red Russett, Tolman's Sweet, Hubbard-
ston, Hurlburt, Porter, Pickman Pippin, Roxbury Russett, Rhode
Island Greening, Gravenstein, Hunt Russett, Smith's Cider, Snow,
Bailey Sweet, premium for each, $2

Red Astrachan, William's Favourite, Tetofsky and Sweet Bough
are recommended for cultivation, but no premium is offered (ripen-
ing early.

For best twelve specimens of anj' other varieties deemed worthy
by the committee, premium for each variety, $1.50

For best collection of Apples, recommended for cultivation, pre-
mium, $5

For best twenty-four specimens of any variety of Crab Apple
deemed worthy by the committee, $1.50

In addition are placed at the disposal of the committee, to be
awarded in gratuities of not less than $1 each, $15

PEACHES, GRAPES, AND ASSORTED FRUITS.

For best nine specimens of Freestone, White Flesh, Yellow
Flesh, Essex County Seedling, each variety, $2

For best collection of Peaches, premium, $3

For Champion, Lemon, or Orange Quinces, premium, $2

For Plums, five varieties to be selected by Committee, each vari-
ety, premium, $2

For best four bunches of Concord, Worden's Seedling, Brighton,
Green Mountain, Delaware, Martha, Moore's Early, Niagara
Grapes, each variety, premium, $2

For Cold House Grapes, produced with not over one month's arti-
ficial heat, premiums, $3, 2

For best collection of ten varieties, not less than ten pounds in
^ill, premiums, $5

For best specimens of four bunches of Grapes, varieties other
than above, deemed worthy by the committee, premium, $1.50

For baskets of Assorted Fruits, premiums, $3, 2

In addition are placed at the disposal of the committee, to be
ix warded in gratuities, of not less than 50 cents each, $20

213

Plants and Flowers.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

1. All Plants and Flowers for competition and exhibition must
be entered for examination by the committee on or before eleven
o'clock, on the first day of the Fair, and all such Plants and
Flowers must have been grown by the competitor, except native
plants and flowers, and flowers used in bouquets, and baskets of
flowers and floral designs, all of which (plants and flowers) must
have been grown within the County.

2. When a certain number or quantity of Plants and Flowers is
designated in the schedule, there must be neither more nor less
than that nuuiber or quantity of specimens shown.

3. When only one premium from each exhibitor is offered for
any article, only a single specimen or collection can compete, but
when a second or third premium is offered, one, two or three speci-
mens or collections may be exhibited for competition, but no
variety can be duplicated.

4. No premium shall be awarded unless the specimens exhibit-
ed are of superior excellence, possessmg points of superiority and
worthy of such premium, not even if they are the only ones of
their kind on exhibition.

5. No specimen entered for one premium shall be admitted in
competition for another different premium.

6. Competitors will be required to furnish information (if the
committee so request), as to their modes of cultivation, or in the
case of Native Plants and Flowers, where such were found.

7. All Plants exhibited for premiums must have the name legi-
bly and correctly written on stiff card, wood, or some other perma-
nent and suitable substance and so attached to same as to be easily
seen. Flowers when specified to be named to comply also with
above rule.

8. Plants in Pots to be entitled to premiums must show skilful
culture in the profusion of bloom and in the beauty, symmetry and
vigor of the specimens ; also Bouquets, Baskets, Design Work, etc.,
must show taste, skill, and harmony in arrangement, both as to
colors and material they are made of, and purposes for which they
are intended.

9. All Flowers exhibited must be shown upon their own stem,
flowers in "Design" work alone excepted ; and this exception if
overcome and avoided, to be taken into account by the committee
in awarding the premiums.

10. The Committee are authorized to award gratuities for any
new and rare plants and flowers or "Designs of merit for which no
premium is offered, but in no case shall the total sum (premiums
and gratuities together), exctcl ihc amount, .^100.00, limited by the
Society for this departmeui.

11. No member of the Committee for awarding premiums or
gratuities shall in any case vote or decide respecting au award for
which such member may be a competitor, or in which he may have
an interest, but in such case such member shall temporarily vacate
his place upon the Committee, and such vacancy for the time being
may be filled by the remaining members of the Committee, or they
may act without.

214

12. Attention is again called to above Rules and Regulations for
Plants and Flowers, and General Rules of the Society, and all arti-
cles not entered in conformity therewith will be disqualifled, and
premiums will be awarded only to exhibitors who have complied
with said Rules, etc.

PLANTS.

Plants competing for these premiums must have been grown in
pots, Native Plants excepted, etc. See Rules,

For collection Flowering and Ornamental Foliage plants, at
least 25 specimens, premiums, S5 $3

For collection Palms, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, prem., ^1
For collection Ferns (cultivated), at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties,
premium, SI

For collection Dracenas, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, $1
For collection Crotons, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, prem., $1
For collection Fancy Caladiuras, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties,
premium, $1
For collection Gloxinias, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties, pre-
mium, $1
For collection Begonias, tuberous-rooted, at least 5 specimens, 5
varieties, premium, SI
For collection Begonias, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, SI
For collection Coieus, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, premium, SI
For collection Fuschias, 5 specimens, varieties, premium, SI
For collection Cyclamen, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, SI
For collection Geraniums, double, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, pre-
mium, SI
For collection Geraniums, single, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, pre-
mium, SI
For collection Geraniums, fancy, 10 specimens, at least 5 varieties,
premium, SI
For collection Hibiscus, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, premium, SI
For collection Caraation Pinks, 10 specimens, at least 5 varieties,
premium, SI
For collection Calla Lilies, 5 specimens, premium, SI
For specimen English Ivy, premium, SI
For collection of wood of native trees in sections, suitable for
exhibition, showing bark and the grain of the wood, all correctly
named with botanical and common name, at least 50 varieties, each
variety to be shown in two sections, one of which to be a cross sec-
tion aud neither to be more than four inches in length or diameter,
premiums, S5, 3

FLOWERS.

For collection Cut Flowers, cultivated, 100 specimens, at least 5Q
varieties, named, S3, 2

For collection Cut Flowers, native, 100 specimens, at least 50
varieties, named, S3, 2

For pair of Bouquets, for vases, green-house tlowers, prem., SI, .50
For pair of Hand Bouquets, green-house flowers, prem., SI, .50
For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of native flowers, prem., SI, .50
For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of garden flowers, prem., SI, ,50

215

For Basket of green-house flowers, premiums, $1^ .50

For Basket of Native Flowers, premiums, $1, .50

For Basket of Garden Flowers, premiums, $1, .50

For arrangement of Native Flowers and Autumn Leaves, pre-
miums, $2, 1
For Floral Designs, choice cultivated flowers, premiums, $3, 2
For Floral Designs, native flowers, premiums, S2, 1
For collections Japan Lilies, hardy, named, premiums, $2, 1
For collections Phlox, hardy perennial, named, premiums, $2, 1
For collections Pansies, at least 50 specimens neatly and artisti-
cally arranged, premiums, $2, 1
For collections of Native and Introduced Weeds, with common
and botanical name attached, premiums, $2, 1
For twelve Dahlias, large flowering, at least six varieties, named,
premium, $1
For twelve Dahlias, Pompon or Lilliputian, at least six varieties,
named, premium, HI
For twelve Dahlias, single, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, $1
For twelve Petunias, double, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, $1
For twelve Gladiolas (spikes), at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, $1
For twelve Japan Lilies, at least six varieties, named, prem., SI
For twelve Geraniums, double, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, $1
For twelve Geraniums, single, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, ^1
For twelve Phlox, hardy perennial, at least six varieties, named,
premium, ^1
For twelve Cannas, at least six varieties, named, premium, $1
For twenty-four Carnation Pinks, at least six varieties, named,
premium, $1
For twenty-four Verbenas, at least six varieties, named, pre-
mium, $1
For twenty-four Roses, at least six varieties, named, premium, $1
For twenty-four Garden Annuals, at least twelve varieties,
named, premium, $1
For twelve Calendulas, at least two varieties, named, prem,, $1
For twelve Astei's, Double Victoria, premium, $1
For twelve Asters, Double, TrufEaut's Peony flowered, prem,, $1
For twelve Asters, Pompone, premium, $1
For twelve Phlox Drummondii, in variety, premium, $1
For twelve Nasturtiums, at least six varieties, premium, 81
For twenty-four Pansies, in variety, premium, $1
For twenty-four Zinnias, double, in variety, premium, SI
For twenty-four Marigolds, African, in variety, premium, SI
For twenty-four Marigolds, Dwarf French, in variety, prem., SI
For twenty-four Petunias, single, in variety, premium, $1
For display of Coxcombs, in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Scabiosas, in variety, premium, $1
For twelve Delphiniums, in varietj', premium, $1
For twelve Dianthus (double, annual), in variety, premium, SI
For twelve Salpiglossis, in variety, premium, SI
For collection of Sweet Peas, premium, ^1

2l6

VEGETABLES.

Bulesfor Fruit apply to ]^egetables.

Beets — For best twelve specimens, Eclipse, Dewing, and Ed-
mands, premiums, each variety, 82

Carrots — For best twelve. Short Top, Long Orange and Danvers
Intermediate, premium, each variety, S2

For best twelve, Short Horn Orange carrots, S2

Mangold Wurtzels — For best six specimens, premium, S2

Flat Turnips — Twelve specimens. For best Purple Top and
White Flat, premium, each variety, 82

Kuta Bagas— Twelve specimens. For best Yellow and White,
premium, each variety, $2

Parsnips — For the best twelve specimens, premium, $2

Onions — Twelve specimens. For best Danvers, Yellow Flat,
and Ked, premium, each variety, S2

Potatoes — Twelve specimens. For best Early Rose, Beauty of
Hebron, Clark's No. 1, Pearl of Savoy, Early Maine, premium,
each variety, $2

Cabbages — For best three specimens. Savoy, Fottler's Drum-
Head, Stone Mason Drumhead, Red Cabbage, All Seasons, Deep
Head, each variety, premium, 82

For next best, each variety, premium, 81

Cauliflowers — For best three specimens, premium, 82

For next best, premium, 81

Celery — For best four roots, premium, 82

Sweet Corn — For twelve ears ripest and best Early, premium, .|2
For best twelve Ears in milk, Late, premium, 82

Squashes — For best three specimens. Marrow, Turban, Warner
Turban, Hubbard, Marblehead, Essex Hybrid, Bay State, Sibley,
Butman, each variety, premium, 82

Melons — For best three specimens. Nutmeg, Musk, Cassaba,
Salmon Flesh, each variety, premium, 82

For best two specimens Watermelons, premium, 82

Tomatoes — For best twelve specimens, Round flat and Round
Spherical, each variety, premium, 82

For exhibition of greatest variety of Tomatoes, premium, 82

Cranberries — For pecks of cultivated, premiums, .82, 1

For collection of vegetables, not less than three of a kind, pre-
miums, 84, 3
Placed at the disposal of the committee for whatever appears
meritorious, 825
|@=^No competitor for premium to exhibit more or less number
of specimens of any vegetables than the premiums are offered for.

Collections of Vegetables where premiums are offered for a number of varieties
must be entered and idaced, not less than three of a kind, by themselves on the
tables assigned for collections. No collection shall receive but one premium.
Specimens of any varieties, in such collections are not to compete with specimens
Of the same variety placed elsewhere. Exhibitors of such collections however,
are not prevented "from exhibiting arfdi<io?ia/ specimens of any variety with and
in competition with like variety. All vegetables must be entered in the name of
the grower of them.

Size of Fr^e<rti//es.— Turnip ]?eets to be from 2 to 4 inches in diameter; Onions,
2 } to 4 inches lu largest diameter; Potatoes to be of good size for family use;
Squashes to be pure and well ripened. Turban, Marrow, Hubbard, Marblehead,
all to be uniform size.

217

GRAIN AND SEED.

For best peck of Shelled Corn, Wheat, Oats, Barley, Rye, Buck-
wheat, aod Field Beans, each, premium, SI
For 25 ears of Field Corn, premiums, S3, 2
For 25 ears of Pop Corn, premiums, S2, 1
For collections of Field and Garden Seeds, premiums, S6, 4
All grain or seed must have been grown by the exhibitor in the
County to receive a premium.

Domestic Manufactures.

Contributors must deposit their articles at the Hall before 11
o'clock on the first day of the Exhibition. Articles not thus depos-
ited will not be entitled to a premium. Gratuities will be awarded
for articles of special merit tor which no premium is offered; but
no premium or gratuity will be awarded for any article manufac-
tured out of the County, or previous to the last exhibition of the
Society.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

For Wrought Counterpanes having regard to the quality and ex-
pense of the material, premiums, S3, 2

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this depart-
ment, the whole amount of gratuities not to exceed S25

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

For carpets, having regard to the quality and expense of the
material, premiums, S3, 2

For wrought Hearth Rug, having regard both to the quality of
the work and expense of the materials, premiums, $2, 1

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this depart-
ment, the whole amount not to exceed S20

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.

For best pair hand made and machine made Men's Boots,
Women's do., Children's do., each, premium, S2

Best Team, Carriage and Express Harness, eacb, premium, S3

S8 are placed at the disposal of this committee, to be awarded
in gratuities.

For the best exhibition of Boots and Shoes, manufactured in the
County, each, premium, Diploma of the Society.

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

For display of Bonnets, premiums, S3, 2

For horn Combs, not less than one dozen, premium, SI

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be

awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, S15-

2l8

FANCY WOKK

Of Domestic Manufacture are not included in the above.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding $B in any one gratuity, S40

WOEKS OF AET.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding $2 in any one gratuity, S40

DECOEATED CHINA.

At disposal of Committee to be awarded in gratuities, not ex-
ceeding $2 in any one gratuity, S20

WOEK BY CHILDEEN.

For specimens of work performed by children under 12 years of

age exhibitinor industry and ingenuity, premiums, S2, 1

At disposal of committee to be awarded in gratuities, SIO

List of Premiums to be Awarded by the
Trustees in November.

FAEMS.

Competitors for this premium must give notice of their intention
to the Secretary on or before June 15th, and the farms entered for
premium will be viewed bv the committee twice during the year.
Crops srowing on farms that are entered for premium, cannot be
entered with another committee for separate premiums — except
crop specimens exhibited at the fair.

Any person desirous of having his farm inspected, without enter-
ing it for premium^ may make application to the Secretary, and it
will be viewed and reported upon bv the committee.

For the best conducted and most improved farm, taking into view
the entire manatjement and cultivation, including lands, buildings,
fences, orchards, crops, stock and all other appendages, with state-
ments in detail, relating thereto, premium, $20

IMPEOVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP LANDS.

For best conducted experiments relating to wet meadow or swamp
lands, on not less than one acre, the course of management, and
the produce, etc., for a period of two years at least, to be detailed,
with a statement of all the incidental expenses, premiums, SIO, 6

Note. — Tlie Committee is instructed to ascertain how many, if any, reclaimed
swamps in this County have been abandoned or have returned to natural grrasses.
Persons knowing of such, are requested to notify the Secretary or Committee.

IMPEOVING PASTUEE AND WASTE LANDS.

For best conducted experiments in renovating and improving
pasture land, other than by ploughing, so as to add to their value
for pasturage, with a statement of the same, premiums, SIO, 6

For best conducted experiments in renovating and improving
waste lands, so as to add to their agricultural value, with statement
of the same, premiums, $10, 6

219

Ko premium to be awarded to any person for a repetition of an
experiment in meadow, swamp or pasture lands, for whicli he has
already received a premium.

UNDER-DEAINING LAND.

For best conducted experiments in under-draining land, regard
being had to the variety of soil, sub-soil, and other local circum-
stances, premiums, SIO, G

Note.— The same instructions under "Improving- Wet Meadow and Swamp
Lands " apply to this Committee.

GRAIN AND OTHER CROPS.

Claimants on Grain and Root Crops will be required to state the
size of the piece of land, when they enter, and conform to the fol-
lowing rules : Entries of Grain Crops, to he made on or before Sep-
tember 10th ; Root Crops on or before October 10th ; giving ample
time for the crops to be examined by the committee before harvest-
ing. Statement to be made in conformity with the following
form, must be forwarded to the Committee previous to November
1st.

All calculations and figures given in reports of, and statements of
Crops, are to be made on the basis of an acre, results in all cases,
to be given at the rate per acre.

In pursuance of authority delegated to the Board of Agriculture
by Chap. 24, of Acts 1862, Agricultural Societies receiving the
bounty of the State are required to make use of the following
form, and be governed by its conditions in the mode of ascertain-
ing the amount of crops entered for premium .

Essex Agricultural Society. — Statement concerning a crop

of , raised by Mr. , in the town of , ,

1895.

What was the crop of 1893. What manure Avas used and how
much. What was the crop of 1894 ? What manure was used and
how much ? What is the nature of the soil ? When and how many
times ploughed, and how deep ? What other preparation for the
seed ? Cost of ploughing and other preparation ? Amount of
manure, in loads of thirty bushels, and bow applied ?

Value of manure upon the ground ? How used ? (What amount
of Commercial Fertilizer used ? How used ? Value of same when
applied ?) When and how planted ? The amount and kind of seed ?
Cost of seed and planting ? How cultivated and how many times ?
Cost of cultivaiiou, including weeding and thinning? Time and
manner of harvesting ? Cost of harvesting, including the storing
and husking or threshing V Amount of crop, etc. Signed by
Competitor.

The committee, to whom is intrusted the award of the premiums
on field crops, may award them according to their judgment, but
for the purpose of furnishing accurate statistics for the benefit of
agriculture, shall select certain of the crops, and require the owners
thereof to measure the land and weigh the crops accurately, giv-
ing to the committee a certificate of the same, and give all pos-
sible information thereon over their own signatures, and return the
same to the Secretary of the Society, to be published in the an-
nual transactions.

220

In ascertaining the amount of crop, any vessel may be used and
the weight of its contents once, multiplied by the number of times
it is filled by the crop.

In measuring the land or weighing crops, any competent person
may be employed, whether a sworn surveyor or not, and must give
certificate.

The certificate shall state the weight of all crops only in a mer-
chantable state.

In ascertaining the amount of a hay crop entered for premium,
the measurement of the hay in the barn may be employed.

Rules of Measure Practiced and Adopted by the State
Board of Agriculture.

Wheat, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, Ruta Bagas, Mangold Wurtzels,

60 lbs. to bush..
White Beans and Peas, 62 " "

Corn, Rye, 56 "

Oats, 32 "

Barley, Buckwheat, 48 " "

Cracked Corn, Corn and Rye, and other meal,

except Oat, 50 " "

Parsnips, Carrots, 55 " *■'

Onions, 57 "

1. For the best conducted experiments of Rye, not less than
twenty bushels to the acre, fif ly-six lbs. to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, S7, 4

2. For best conducted experiments of Wheat, not less than
thirty bushels to the acre, sixty lbs. to the bushel, on not less than
one acre, premium, S7, 4

3. For best conducted experiments of Oats, not less than flity
bushels to the acre, thirty-two lbs. to the bushel, on not less than
one acre, premiums, S7, 4

4. For best conducted experiments of Barley, not less than for-
ty bushels to the acre, forty-eight lbs. to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premiums, $7, 4

5. For best conducted experiments of Indian Corn, on not less
than one acre, premiums, $7, 4

6. For largest quantity and best quality of English Hay, on not
less than one acre, regard being had to the mode and cost of culti-
vation, premiums, S7, 4

7. For best yield of Field Beans, on not less than one-half acre,
and not less than twenty-five bushels per acre, premiums, if 7, 4

ROOT CROPS.

1. For best conducted experiments in raising Carrots, fifty-five
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $7, 4

2. For best conducted experiments in raising Parsnips,
fifty-five pounds to the bushel, premiums, S7, 4

3. For best conducted experiments in raising Beets, premiums,

SIO, 5

4. For best conducted experiments in raising Ruta Bagas, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, .^7, 4

5. For best conducted experiments in raising Mangold Wurt-
zels, sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $7, 4

221

6. For best conducted experiments in raising Sugar Beets,
sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $7, 4

N- 7. For best conducted experiments in raising Onions, fifty-two
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $7, 4

8. For best conducted experiments in raising Potatoes, sixty
pounds to the bushel, premiums, $7, 4

9. For best conducted experiments in raising Cabbages, pre-
miums, $7, 4

10. For best conducted experiments in raising Squashes, pre-
miums, $7, 4

11. For best conducted experiments in raising Summer English
Turnips for the market, premiums, $7, 4

Raised on not less than half an acre, and the quantity of crop to
be ascertained by weight ; so far as practicable the crop to be free
from dirt, without tops, and in a merchantable condition at the
time of measurement.

Claimants for premiums on Grain and Root Crops must forward
statement to chairman of committee before Nov. 1st.

FOREST TREES.fl

1. For plantation of either of the following species of forest
trees, viz. : White Oak, Yellow Oak, Locust, Birch, White Ash,
Maple, Walnut, or White Pine, not less than three years old, and
not less than 1000 trees, premium, .$10

2. For plantation of not less than 600 trees, premium, $8

3. For ornamental trees, ten or more set on any street, road or
farm, and cared for five years, premium, $8

CRANBERRIES.

For best conducted experiment in the cultivation of the Cran-
berry, at least two summers, on not less than twenty rods of land,
with written statement of the quantity and quality of the land, ex-
pense of Dlanting, weeding aud culture, and amount of crops pro-
duced. Premium to be paid in 1894 and 1895, SIO

For best experiment do., on not less than ten rods of land, pre-
mium, $7

STRAWBERRIES AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

For best crop of Strawberries, on not less than twenty rods of
land, expense of planting, culture, crop, etc., stated in writing,
premium, S7

For best crop of Currants, Raspberries and Blackberries, with
statement as above, premiums, each, S7

NEW WINTER APPLES.

For a new variety of Winter Apple, originated in this County,
equal or superior to the Baldwin, premium, S50

For a new variety of like character originating elsewhere, pro-
vided it has been cultivated in the County sufficiently to prove it
equal or superior to the Baldwin for general purposes, premium,

$20

222

For a successful experiment in destroying the codling moth and

other worms destructive to the apple, premium, §20

Note.— Persons who consider themselves competitors will send Post Office ad-
dress to Secretary, and others in the County wishing to compete for above, must
notify Secretary, and furnish a full statement of their apple, and also scions
•when called for" under his directions, to be tested by the Society.

SEEDLING POTATOES AND EXPERIMENTS.

For best Seedling Potato, originating in Essex County, to equal
in yield, earliness, and quality, ttie Early Rose, and to surpass it in
one or more of these jjarticulars, premium paid afLer tnree years'
trial, S20

In testing the value of a Seedling Potato, the committee are in-
structed to take sworn testimony of the cultivator with regard to
the yield, after having inspected the crop.

For the most satisfactory experiments to extend through five con-
secutive years, to settle ihe following facts relative to raising po-
tatoes : — premium, |25

1st. Will whole, medium sized Potatoes, yield better results
than pieces cut to two eyes V

2nd. What will be the result of continuously planting small-
sized potatoes of the same strain a series of years ?

3rd. Difference between hilling and Hat cultivation,

4th. Effect, it any, of cutting off seed ends before planting.

5th. Effects of deep and shallow i^lanting.

6th. Raising from sprouts alone from same strain.

7th. Can potatoes having dwarf vines be planted nearer than
others.

8th, Best distance apart for seed in the drill.

9th, To show the effect of covering the top with earth at several
times after they had come up.

To be raised on not less than a half acre of land, uniform in char-
acter, and all to receive the same kind and quality of manure and
cultivation, and to be inspected by the committee at the time of
gathering the crops.

ESSAYS AND FARM ACCOUNTS.

The Essays must be transmitted to the Secretary by the 1st of
November, with sealed envelopes containing the names of their
authors, respectively, which shall not be opened by the committee,
nor shall the names be known to the committee, until they shall
have decided upon the merit of the Essay.

For original Essays on any subject connected with Agriculture,
in a form worthy of publication, premiums, $10, 8

For best statement of Actual Farm Accounts, drawn from the
experience of the claimant, in a form worthy of publication, pre-
mium, $S

For Reports of Committees upon subjects for which premiums are
offered, premiums, $8, 6

Committee — G. L. Streeter, Salem; N. M. Hawkes, Lynn; D. E.
SafEord, Hamilton; Geo. E. Blodgette, Rowley; J. M. Danforth,
Lynnfield.

LIBRARY.

Committee — Andrew Nichols, Danvers ; Henry Brooks, Salem ; B.
P. Ware, Marblehead; J. M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

223

TREADWELL FARM.

Committee — Benj. P. Ware, Marblebead; C. C. Blunt, Andover; B.
P. Pike, Topsfield; G. B. Blodgette, Rowley; George B. Bradley,
Methuen; John M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

AUDITORS.

Committee — J. Hardy Pliippen, Salem; Benj. P. Ware, Marbleliead;
E. Pope Barrett, Peabody.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

Francis H. Appleton, Asa T. Newball, C. C. Blunt, O. S. Butler,
John M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

DELEGATES.

From the Essex Agricultural Society to attend Exhibitions of
Societies, Farmers' Clubs and Fruit Growers' Associations in Es-
sex County, and report any information that shall seem valuable
for publication.

The Secretary to be notified of the time of holding their ex-
hibition, who will notify the chairman of Committee to assign
Delegate.

COMMITTEES.

All Committees, including committees to judge of Crops, of ex-
hibits at Fair, and of the Arrangements for the Fair, are chosen
by the Trustees at their June meeting.

CONTENTS.

Address by Hon. Wm. S. Knox 3

Seventy-fourth Cattle Show and Fair 29

Report of the Annual Meeting 32

Report on Fat Cattle 34

Report on Bulls 34

Report on Milch Cows 37

Statements 37

Report on Herds of Milch Cows 39

Report on Heifers, Pure Breed 39

Report on Heifers, Native or Grade 40

Report on Worki ng Oxen 41

Report on Steers 41

Report of Team used on Farm 41

Report on Stallions, for Farm and Draft Purposes 42

Report on Stallions, Driving Purposes 42

Report on Family Horses ' 42

Report on Brood Mares, Farm and Draft Purposes 43

Report on Gents' Driving Horses 43

Report on Single Farm Horses 43

Report on Pairs of Farm Horses 44

Report on Colts, Farm Purposes 44

Report on Colts, Driving Purposes 45

Report on Swine 46

Report on Sheep 48

Report on Poultry 48

Report on Ploughing 53

Report on Harrows 56

Report on Agricultural Implements 56

Report on Carriages 57

Report on Dairy 58

Report on Bread and Canned Fruit 63

Report on Honey 65

Report on Pears 65

Report on Apples 67

Report on Peaches, Grapes, etc 69

Report on Plants 73

Report on Flowers 73

Report on Vegetables 75

Report on Grain and Seed 78

Report on Counterpanes and Afghans 79

Report on Carpetings and Rugs 81

Report on Manufactures from Leather 82

225

Report on Fancy Work 83

Report on Works of Art 84

Report on Children's Work 85

Report on Manufactures and General Mdse 86

Report of Committee on Granges 87

Report of Committee on Root Croops 87

Statements of Same 92

Statement of C. C. Blunt, Carrot Crop 92

Statement of C . C . Blunt, Crop of Parsnips 93

Statement of F. A.. Russell, Crop of Parsnips 94

Statement of F A. Russell, Crop of Beets .95

Statement of John H. George, Onion Crop 97

Statement of J. H. Lunt, Onion Crop 98

Statement of Nathan Longfellow, Potato Crop 99

Statement of F. A . Russell, Potato Crop 100

Statement of David Warren, Cabbage Crop ., . . . 102

Statement of F. A. Russell, Cabbage Crop 103

Statement of F. A. Russell, Ci'op of Squashes 105

Report of Committee on Strawberries and Small Fruits 106

Statement of J. H. Nason, Strawberry Crop 108

Statement of W. K. Cole, Raspberry Crop 109

Statement of Amos Haseltine, Currants 11(1

Statement of Amos Haseltine, Blackberry Crop. 112

Report of Committee on Grain Crops 114

Statement of Nathan Longfellow, Corn Crop US'

Statement of Fred Stultz, Corn Crop 116

Statement of C. C. Blunt, Crop of Rye 117

Report of Delegate from State Board to this Society 118

Farmers' Institutes 121

Report of Committee on Improved Pasture and Waste Lands 139

Statement of Otis F. Putnam 140

Statement of George J. Pierce 142

Report of Committee on Roads 143

Statement of D. A. Pettengill 145

Report of Delegate to other Societies 145

Report of Committee on Essays and Farm Accounts 147

Essay of Dr. J . W . Goodell 147

Reporfof New Members 156

In Memoriam 157

Treasurer' s Report 168

Constitution of the Society 169

Officers of the Society 172

Members of the Society 174

List ol Premiums Awarded 192

Recapitulation of Premiums 199

Amount to Each City and Town 200

Financial Statement 1894 Fair 201

Duties of Trustees, Committees and Exhibitors. 202

TRANSACTIONS

FOR THE YEAR 1895

OF THE

ESSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCI

nrpT/-

(ORGANIZED 1818,)
FOR THE

COUNTY OF ESSEX,

IN MASSACHUSETIS,

AND ns

Seventy-Second Annual Address

BY

REV. OSCAR F. 5AFF0RD D. D.,

OF PEABODY.

With the Premium List for 1896.

PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE SOCIETY.

SALEM, MASS.:

OBSERVER BOOK AND JOB PRINT,
1895.

FARiMING IN ESSEX COUNTY.

ANNUAL ADDRESS BY REV. OSCAR F. SAFFORD, D. D., OF

PEABODY.

It is convenient for a speaker sometimes not to be under
obligation to speak according to the limitations of his own
experience. Our lamented friend, Dr. Miner, found it so
when, after he had one Sunday preached a pointed sermon
on the rearing of children, a brother minister the next day-
said to him : " A pretty man you are, who have no chil-
dren of your own, to preach to parents on the bringing up
of children." " I do not," replied Dr. Miner, '' spoil good
theories by bad practice." I claim to possess alike advan-
tage when I speak on agriculture. INly ideals have not
been spoiled by experience. Of this, doubtless, you who
have invited me to speak to you today are already aware.
I assume that it is your expectation that I shall speak on
our theme, not as a practical agriculturist, but as an obser-
ver and well-wisher of men. Clergyn)en may at times
profitably listen to laymen ; so one who has never done
actual farm work save with his eyes, may be faithful to
himself in speaking friendly and appreciative words, and
even words of modest exhortation, to those who are privi-
leged to live on the soil and keep near to nature's heart.

I am, as you are aware, wont professionally to speak
from a text ; and following my habit I will take for my
text the name of the organization of which you are mem-
bers, and I am today a guest to be endured. I will ask
you to consider with me the three related things which the
name Essex County Agricultural Society suggests — firstly,
the claims of the County of Essex upon our loj^al regard ;

secondly, the advantages attending agriculture in thi»
County ; thirdly, the benefits to be derived from such an
agricultural society, as is here represented.

I select these aspects of our subject for discussion with
you, farmers of Essex County, because I cannot hope to do
better for 3'ou than to help you, if it is ever so little, to
grateful content and reasonable ambition in the precise
places which the falling of the providential lines have al-
loted to you.

A claim made for Essex County by an excellent histo-
rian,— a claim made conspicuous by being placed on the
first page of his book, — is this: "The most 'historical
county in America." As I am not a native of the County,
it wilFnot of course be expected of me that I shall endorse
at quite its maximum this valiant claim. I recall that
during the winter of '71-'72, after the great Chicago lire,
— the blaze which was started from the lantern which
Mrs. O'Leary's cow kicked over while she was milking it
on Sunday evening, — that same Mrs. O'Leary's cow was
exhibited in the principal cities of the Union at ten cents
a sight. That historic cow was on exhibition at the same
time in St. Louis, Cincinnati, Buffalo and Omaha, and
other places ; it was not, in fact, much of a city, that did
not, January 1, 1872, have that cow on exhibition. By a
method more honest, yet quite as partial, one can, I sup-
pose, find " the most historic county of America," in any
State of the Union. I should not like to say to a New
Yorker, or a Bostonian, or a Philadelphian, that he does
not live in the most historic county of America ; and I am
altogether too timorous to suggest to a representative
westerner, that he is living in a second-rate historic county.
To the native-born citizens all counties, are, no doubt, the
most historic. The sky appears highest directly over our
heads, and it appears as it recedes, to shut down on the
earth ; but when we travel to the uttermost parts we still
find the sky to be highest directly over our heads. I con-

cede the disputed right of every native born citizen of Es-
sex County to maintain against the world that this is the
most historic county in America ; meanwhile I will per-
sonally endorse the claim to the extent of declaring that
old Essex County is historic.

The traditions of this county reach far back into the
period when the Indian tribes, the Pennacooks, the Pen-
tuckets, the Narragansetts and Naumkeags, were the al-
most undisputed possessors of its lakes, streams and
forests. Onr acquaintance with the Indians of this region
is legendary, and is still receding into the realm of myth
and fable. Indian legends have become the shadowy back-
ground of all our American history. We have traditions
also of such European pioneers as John Endicott, John
Winthrop, Sir Harry Vane and Roger Williams ; these
make Essex County the associate of Suffolk and Plymouth
counties in stirring annals of explorers and founders. We
have also our witchcraft history. More than two hundred-
years ago, the previously undisputed belief in demoniac
possessions here came into collision with Yankee common
sense ; and the belief in the reality of demoniac possessions
was then dissipated for the world and forever. The nine-
teen martyrs who were hung on Gallows Hill for refusing
to falsely confess themselves witches or Avizards, were as
real martyrs as any men in the ages who have preferred
death to the loss of personal integrity. Essex County has
also its own store of revolutionary memories. On its soil
at North Bridge, Salem, the New Englanders first said
from behind a wall of bayonets to Old Englanders, " Thus
far, but no farther." And from farms of Essex County
volunteers sprang to tlie front at the first promise of Amer-
ican independence. Scarcely more than a stone's throw
from this place stands a monument commemorating the
names of Essex County men who marched to Lexington on
the 19th of April, 1775, — the names of some who did not
live to return from that first skirmish of the Pevolution.

And in the later struggle, when the nation war-welded its
unity and emancipated a race from bondage, Essex County
gave its full share of patriotic devotion and patriots' blood,
for America's redemption and Liberty's cause. Truly this
county is historic. We are rich in our common American
traditions of trjdng times and prophetic spirits, with some
traditions peculiarly our own ; and we can scarcely have a
better hope for the county's future than that it shall be
faithful to its past.

The natives of Essex County have also reason to hold in
affectionate regard the landscape on which their eyes first
saw the light. The topography of the county averages
well. It has neither mountains nor deserts. Across the
entire country runs the industrious and beautiful river
Merrimac, its industry serving within our domain to turn
the spindles of Lawrence and the shoe-machines of Haver-
hill ; its picturesque beauty being such as moved Whittier
to grateful song The landscape of the County, with its
numerous irrigating streams, its graceful hills, its fertile
valleys and plains, its unsurpassed fringe of ocean with its
cape running out into the sea, its ocean worn rocks, its
musical beaches, its safe harbors and romantic ocean coves,
around some of which the rocks are wild and broken and
around others the summer grass comes down as a carpet to
the ocean's edge, — the scenery, in a word is such as no
appreciative native, wherever he wanders, can ever forget,
or to his latest day can wish to forget.

And the county's attractions in its personnel, its men and
women, can to the native-born citizen scarcely be second
to either its historical or natural attractions. The natiye
born citizens of this county, I am wont to think, do no
discredit either to its liistory or its soil. Great names have
added their lustre to the county. Here Nathaniel
Hawthorne was born, the man having the most distinctive
imagination of any man in his century. Here John
Greenleaf Whittier was born, the lovable man who has

done for Essex County and New England an idealizing
work like that which Robert Burns did for Scotland, — the
poet renowned also in America and among all English
speaking people as the divine bard of freedom. Here
Nathaniel Bowditch was born, the self-taught man who
became such a navigator that in 1803 he piloted a ship into
Salem Harbor in a winter night-storm by dead reckoning,
who became such an expert in knowledge of the earth and
sea and sky, as makes his name worthy of mention with
that of Benjamin Franklin. Here George Peabody was
born, a pioneer in consecrating great powers of accumula-
tion to the service of humanity, and giving during his
life-time on such a scale as the world had never before
witnessed. Many are the other natives of this county who
liave added renown to her name. And I am persuaded
that our common citizenship brings no discredit to the
county. Here tlie homely virtues thrive. Here are
patriots who carry latent in their blood a devotion to home ■
and country equal to that of tlie best citizens of the nation.
Our native population is substantial and sturdy, not given
to quick excitements ; it is thrifty and generous and
fraternal ; so that Essex County may be rightly loved by
its children more for its present human quality than for
its historical or natural attractions. Essex County is a
good county to be born in and to live in.

Such is Essex County ; but what concerning its agricul-
ture ?

It is a trait of human nature, at least of some Yankee
human nature, to suspect that some other place is better
than the present place. When I have in my summer out-
ings hunted New England over for the best fly trout-fish-
ing, I have found the common report, excepting always
that of the landlords and boatmen, to be that the fishing is
good about twenty miles further on. It is the habit of
some Yankees to think that farming is easier and more
profitable in some other place. This trait of the Anglo-

8

Saxon race is not, however, to be without discrimination
condemned ; for it brought our forefathers to these shores ;
it has sent civilizers to the West ; it has extended our
nation from ocean to ocean. But a good trait may be ex-
aggerated. The longing which possesses some of our pop-
ulation for the prairies of the mid-continent or the imagined
paradise of southern California, or the orange-growing soil
of Florida, needs to be modified by a knowledge of exact
facts. Credulity toward the rose-tinted stories of the land-
speculators needs no increase in our midst.

While not attempting to belittle the actual advantages
of the South, or the West, or the Pacific slope, it is not a
sign of sound sense to believe that New England, including
our own section of it, has ceased to be a recipient of Divine
favor or an attractive part of our nation. Nature, I
believe, is as friendly to its friends in Essex County as in
any part of the globe.

I am not unaware or unmindful of the obstacles against
which an Essex County farmer must contend. I recall the
potato-bugs and canker worms, the constant need of fertil-
izing the soil, the uncertainty of the crops, and the greater
uncertainty of the market, and the probability of low
prices for farm produce, and the long, cold winters. Yet
under sucli disadvantages I believe farming to be on the
whole as prosperous here as in any otlier region. I have
seen the most thriving prairie farmers in their own homes.
I have seen the cornfields and grain fields which are
measured not by the acre but by the mile. I have
seen in southern Illinois a soil of rich vegetable mold four
feet and even six feet deep. But I have not seen one
western farmer who yeai's ago emigrated from the East,
who has appeared to me to have won from nature a greater
success, all things considered, than he might have achieved,
by equal venture, enterprise and self-denial in an average
New England neighborhood.

Distance lends not only enchantment but often a deceiv-

iiig glamour to the view. I have known, I should say,
• dozens of men, some of them clergymen, who have invested
hard-earned thousands of dollars in orange-groves in
Florida. I do not know one who, at this date, has received
any fair return for his invested money ; or any one who, as
I think, would not do well to sell out his investment at
fifty or even twenty-five cents on a dollar. I know, on the
other hand, a farmer in Maine who gave himself intelli-
gently and industriously to the cultivation of an apple-
orchard, giving to it the same sort of discriminating care
that must be given to orange-groves in Florida or peach
orchards in Maryland; and the last I knew of the man, and
it was only two years ago that I saw him on his farm, his
apple-orchard, Avhich was not of very great size, had for
several years netted him an annual return of five hundred
dollars clean money.

I remember the time when the claim was made that
Kansas was the farmers' paradise. And I cannot as an
American be sorry that enough New Englanders went to
Kansas to bring that territory into the Union as a free
state. But in the last census I read that there are twenty-
one towns in Kansas which have now not a single inhabi-
tant. Farming in those towns has failed utterly. We
have some deserted hill-farms in New England, but not
many I suppose in Essex County, — -and these New Eng-
land hill-farms, as I find in many instances, are deserted
because they ought never to have been chosen instead of
the fertile valleys below them ; and these deserted hill-
farms in New England are furthermore now being in many
cases recovered by amateur farmers from the city who like
picturesque views so well that they are willing to spend
some money in farming and buy their vegetables of their
neighbors. But when an entire town is deserted, as has
been the case repeatedly in the new western country, we
can scarcely measure the disappointment and suffering
which the grim fact implies. A brave struggle was in

lO

many a case begun with wild nature, but foes worse than
the Indians were encountered — malaria, with fever and
ague ; wood or coal dearer than corn for fuel ; abundant
harvests but markets so distant that speculators got all or
the major share of the profits ; longing for a sight of the
old hills, and irrepressible homesickness and chronic heart-
ache,— these, and such as these, are the enemies that have
won the battle against many a farmer beginning in a new
country. Some men have fled from New England canker-
worms and potato-bugs, and have found themselves in the
West so beset with grasshoppers that they would be giad,
if they could get back to their old home, to apologize to
the easily-mastered canker-worms and potato-bugs for
reckoning: them enemies.

Farming as a means of livelihood can hardly be mere
pleasure seeking. East or West, North or South ; but as a
life-work I believe that it can be fulfilled under as favorable
.circumstances by the farmers of Essex County who remain
in their old homes, as by those who become the pioneers in
distant lands.

A striking testimony was given to the real prosperity of
the farmers of Essex County seven years ago, by the poet
Whittier, in a letter which he wrote to this society. *•' I
have lived," he said, to see a great and favorable change
in the farming populatioii of Essex County. The curse
of intemperance is now almost unknown among them ; the
rumseller has no mortgage on their lands. As a rule they
are intelligent, well-informed and heartily interested in
jjublic affairs, self-respectful and respected, independent
landholders, fully entitled, if any class is, to the name of
gentlemen."

Upper and under classes are found in every profession
and calling ; and nowhere are upper and under classes more
notable tlran among farmers. When a farmer mortgages
his farm in favor of laziness or drink, and loses his credit,^
and stuffs old hats into broken window panes, you may be

ri

sure he lives about as measerly a life as can be lived out of
politics. But when a man has his farm paid for, and a little
reserve in the savings bank, and appreciates his wife's
flower garden, and loves his country and his church, you
need not doubt that he is about as near being a king as
we can suffer any one to be in our Republic outside of our
Peabody " Kingdom."

" No better proof o£ real gain," says Whittier in the
same letter from which I have quoted, " can be found than
the creation of pleasant homes for the comfort of age and
the happiness of youth. When the great English critic,
Mattliew Arnold, was in the country, on returning from a
visit in Essex County, he remarked that, while the land
looked to hira rough and unproductive, the landlords'
houses seemed neat and often elegant, with an air of pros-
perity about them. ^But where,' he asked, 'do the ten-
ants, the working people live ? ' He seemed surprised
when I told him that the tenants were the landlords, and-
the workers the owners." After such a discerninof recosr-
nition of the comparatively high and genuine prosperity of
the farming interest of Essex County, every farmer in our
community has the right to feel a new dignity and courage
in his calling.

It is not for me, if it is for any one, to conjecture what
agricultural possibilities are latent in this county. We
are told, by accredited scientists, that our mineral soil is
the most easily renewed of any on the continent. When
the rich vegetable soil of large sections of the West is once
exhausted, its fertility cannot be renewed for generations.
It is not impossible that the essential agriculture of the
nation may yet devolve on the Atlantic slope, and Essex
county may find itself able to provide the general suste-
nance which now so abundantly comes from the West. The
six staple crops of this county, as this society has virtually
determined, are onions, cabbages, corn, potatoes, squashes
and turnips. There must be in due time, other available

12

crops. It seems to me that if our farmers paid the atten-
tion and devoted the skill to apple-raising, that the de-
mand, both at home and abroad, now warrants, apples
would be a staple scarcely second to any other.

New resources are always being developed by a thrifty
pjople. When my native state of Maine had pretty much
stripped its forests of pine and spruce trees, the question
arose what could be found to reward the labor of the lum-
bjrmen. It was presently found, because of the discovery
of the method of turning wood to pulp and thence to pa-
per, that the bass-wood trees, which were previously reck-
oned worthless, were the most marketable of all the forest
trees. I have found the woodsmen of Maine, on my recent
summer visit, to be largely given to the raising and lum-
bering of white birch, to be used for spools, tooth-picks
and the like, and these rapid-growing trees give them new
cuttings, on the same ground, every eleven years. The
former entire lumber yield of Maine, I am told, is now
more than equalled pecuniarily by the ice yield of the Ken-
nebec and Penobscot. Time was, when New Hampshire,
with its barren hills, was reckoned hard soil on which to
raise anything but men ; now it finds its most lucrative
harvest to be from summer boarders.

I am confident that the yet undeveloped resources of
Essex County, — to be found perhaps in the appliance of
the sewerage of our cities to fertilization, in the applica-
tion of wind-generated electricity to the soil, in extending
natural irrigation as insurance against rain failure and
summer drought, — will advance agriculture as much be-
yond its present standard as it is now advanced beyond
what it was when the land was devoted to maize growing
by the Indian sagamores.

There will come a day when farmers will really believe
that to concentrate labor and fertilization on five acres will
be more profitable than to spread labor and fertilization
thin on fifteen acres. Every military student knows that

13

in war the time taken for preparation by one army is time
given for preparation to tlie otlier ; but scarcely any one iii
history till Bonaparte's day, had courage to put the fact to
a practical test. It is yet the exceptional farmer who has
courage enough to fertilize rather than skim the land.
There is really little need of sending the boys West when
they want farms of their own ; the home farm can be di-
vided, and plenty of land be found for concentrated cul-
ture by the father and all his sons.

Farming, for all that I can see, will continue to be the
pursuit in which men must not be afraid of hard work. If
farming could be made as easy and secure and profitable
as some farmers would have it, the business would be soon
ruined. Then every lame merchant and briefless lawyer
and unwelcome minister would go to farming. Farming
needs to be kept so hard as to repay work and skill, and
also pretty much bar out the amateurs. Agriculture in
the nature of things cannot, if overdone, be profitable.
The farmer's calling, as society is now organized, is tlie
most essential to mankind of all the callings. And no
calling can be more honorable. And in no part of tlie
world, I am persuaded, can agriculture be pursued, all
things considered, under more favorable circumstances
than in Essex County.

And now, with whatever patience and hearing faculty
you have left, we will take up for brief closing suggestions
the final word Society.

To the justification of my optimistic prophecy concern-
ing agriculture in this county two things among others
might be made to contribute.

Farmers tlu-ough more complete and business-like or-
ganization might bring themselves into more direct and in-
telligent relations to the market. Why is it not feasible
for farmers of a given district to combine and employ an
agent in the centre of the markets, to advise them what
crops to raise for the actual or prospective market demand^

when to bring their produce to the market, when to hold
their produce in reserve? I heard the other day of a
farmer carrying a load of tomatoes to Boston and being
compelled to sell in the glutted market for thirty-five and
forty cents a bushel. Another farmer carried in a load
of green corn, and sold for two cents per dozen ears.
This sort of thing, no doubt, is common enough.
And the consumer, as a rule, pays the same price
as usual for the farm produce. I have knoAvn some mar-
ketmen to get rich, while the farmers who have enriched
them, have, by equal skill and industry, no more than held
their own. It has seemed to me that farmers might, by
having a competent adviser at the market, one who can
keep a practiced eye on all the markets, save themselves
from much needless waste. Farmers, I assume, are in
some degree served by the public weather bureau ; to-mor-
row's weather probabilities may properly, to a certain ex-
tent, govern their labor-plails. Why not also by the prob-
abilities forecast by a friendly market expert? Farmers
do not now seem to very thoroughly understand even the
demands of the home market. While I am told of Bartlett
pears selling in Boston for seventy-five cents a barrel, I try
in vain to buy good autumn eating apples at any price in
our home market. Farmers ought to be helpers rather
than rivals of each other. My suggestion may not be
worth the breath it consumes to utter it ; butit has seemed
to me that the tillers of the soil might, not by forming a
trust, but by friendly combination and unitary action, come
into more just relations to the market.

Through precisely such a society as this, farmers may
promote their social and home life. This society is fortu-
nately organized on a broad basis. No one is excluded for
his politics, or his religion, or ids race; and one is allowed
formal membership in the society even if he is a farmer
only by being a consumer of farm produce. The benefit
which this old and honored agricultural society has con-

^5

ferred on the social life of this county can scarcely be
measured. Long may it continue its proffered opportuni-
ties for Essex County farmers to know each other by
shrewd comparisons, friendly emulations and fraternal
handshakes. May sweet reasonableness and nature's own
moderation and peace prevail in this organization.

Welcome, Essex County Agricultural Society, to your
permanent home in Peabody. I speak for the whole
citizenship of this town when I express gladness that you
have cliosen to make with us your abiding place. In this
town, that borders on Salem, the oldest city of the county,
and on Lynn, the hirgest city, and is within hailing
distance of Beverly, the youngest city in our county up to
date, you are in the centre of a large population, — and a
population that is likely to become more and more
interested in the objects promoted by your society. Here
you have found accessible and attractive grounds, and a
hall for the display of the fascinating products of the
garden and the home, not surpassed by any hall in th6
county for comeliness and convenience. With hearty
good-will and a desire to render you whatever help we
may, we bid you welcome ; and we hope, through many a
year to come to give under propitious autumnal skies, a
cordial annual greeting to the Essex County Agricul-
tural Society.

LOCATING OUR SOCIETY.

The locating of the Essex Agricultural So"ciety, which
was incorporated in 1818, and which has held Animal
'• Cattle Shows " ever since in different parts of the coun-
ty, has been accomplished only after as much careful
thought as could be given to it by the busy men who have
composed the committee, to whom the Society, b}^ a deci-
sive vote, assigned the duty.

The call for the Society's meeting, which took the de-
cisive action, was thoroughly advertised in the papers, and
by action of the Trustees.

Sites for a location were asked for and suggested, and
offered, in different parts of the county. All such were
visited and inspected, and earnest desires were shown for
the Society, with its accessories, to join the several locali-
ties in promoting the Societj^'s work. The parts of the
county thus visited Avere varied ; and other parts expressed
their willingness to offer a location and welcome, but de-
clined to do so, from a belief that such location would not
be for the interest of the county as a whole.

The annual receipts had been falling off largely for a
number of years, to the great injury of that influence
which had come to the Society by having an income yield-
ing fund. People, who visited the free exhibit of live
stock, were too apt to neglect to visit the " Hall Exhibit "
where a small entrance fee was charged, although the Hall
Exhibit was of excellent quality. Our " Cattle Shows,"
consequently, became an expense too great not to unduly
balance our combined receipts at the Fair, from our fund,
and from the amount annually allowed by the state .

Consequently the Society's life was in danger, and a
new departure became a necessity.

17

While the committee hel 1 constantly before them the
benefit to our agriculture and the promoting of all that
pertains to the welfare of our agriculturists, they saw
clearly that this could but be done]when^the receipts were
unsatisfactory.

They also had in mind that the Society's fund had
largely decreased during the past six or more years,'^and
should be regained.

A location was sought that would be reasonably conven-
ient for people from all parts of the county, and so lo-
cated that freight could arrive with good convenience to
all interested. Again, to secure fair receipts, the location
should be in the centre of a considerable population, which
would visit the shows in such goodly numbers in pleasant
years, as to offset losses inj^ears when bad weather came
with the Show.

Such a location the committee believe they have found
in Peabody, a sightly field with historic connections, and
facing on a broad avenue, which crosses that portion of the
Town's park land that lies near the Town Hall. The
field was about ten acres in extent, during the Fair of
1895, but Avas inconveniently small. Your committee
believe that the acreage should be increased by several
more acres that can be bought now by the Society, and
will give the matter immediate attention.

The town of Peabody has freely and unanimously voted
the use of the Halls in the Town Hall to the Society so
long as it desires to use it, and the accommodations there
are excellent. The use of the Institute Hall has been
voted by the Trustees for the annual meeting and address;
and a like courtesy was kindly extended of the Church
vestry, for the Society's meeting to fill committee vacancies
and for the dinner, by the Central Church Society.

What the future fairs will be must not be gauged by the
fair of 1895, because the time between the decision to
locate in Peabody and the completion of track, live-stock

i8

buildings and pens, headquarters and fencing was too
.short to have the exhibits do justice to the Society and the
location. Nor was the advertising of the fair in any man-
ner complete, which lessened the receipts from what will
ibe possible in the future.

Some criticism, as to the location, has been made, but
from every part of the county, words of commendation and
encouragement have reached the ears of the management,
which proves to them that interest can still be expected in
the old Essex Society, which means that representative
exhibits can be expected in the future as in the past of an
high quality.

We must have active workers among our members in
every city and town, who will promote the interests of this
Society and see that our exhibits are representative of old
Essex County, and are not local in character. There are
enough men who are ready to thus exhibit, and who only
need to be reminded that they will be welcomed at Hall
or Show Grounds, if they will bring of their produce or
live-stock.

It may be well to appoint a committee of one, or more, in
each city and town, as advised so earnestly at our last
annual meeting, to see that their respective localities are
represented at our show.

Our transactions, it would seem, need revising. They
are larger than the requirements of the times warrant, and
the amounts of our prizes, and their liberality far surpass
any other Society in the state. This subject can well be
left to a Judicious Committee, who are willing and ready
to take the responsibility of considering fully this matter
and of acting before the next issue of the transactions, and
prize lists for 1896.

The possibilities of an exceedingly good show next year
with attractions oL" an interesting and hai'mless charactei',
an be introduced to advantage. A careful committee
should have charge of this matter with power to act.

19

Let all join in making the fair of the year 1896, the year
of a presidential election, a grand success. Let it be a fair
•of our agriculture, for our agriculturists and by our agri-
culturists ; and ask everyone in and beyond the county to
join us.

SEVENTY-FIFTH

Annual Cattle Show and F'air

The Cattle Show and Fair of this Society opened Tues-
day, Sept. 17, 1895, at Peabody, on the Society's grounds.
The entries in all the departments were below the average,-
noticeably so in the cattle, but the reputation of the
farmers of Essex County was sustained as everything on
exhibition was up to the standard, and it is hoped that next
year the farmers will bring more of their stock to the Fair,
and we have reason to believe they will, as they have seen
the buildings erected, and know they can be safely and
securely cared for.

The exhibit of apples was remarkably fine considering
the scarcity of the crop the present year.

In the ploughing match, Thursday, there were nine
entries, and some excellent work was done.

At 11 o'clock, Thursday, the annual address was de-
livered in the Peabody Institute by Rev. O. S. Safford and
was appreciated by a fair audience. After the conclusion
of the exercises in the Institute the annual dinner was
served in the vestry of the South Church, after which
President Appleton called the assemblage to order and
after a few preliminary remarks introduced Chas. H.
Goulding, Esq., chairman of the Selectmen, who welcomed
the society to Peabody as their future home, on behalf of
the citizens of the town, and was followed by Hon. William
H. Moody, Hon. William A. Knox and Alden P. White,
Esq., all of whom made very interesting remarks and
received a grand ovation from the i^eople present.

21

The entries in the several departments of the Fair for
1895 and 1894 are tabulated for comparison, as follows:

STOCK, IMPLEMENTS, ETC., ON SHOW GROUNDS.

From From

Entries Different Entries Different
in 1895. Places in 1894. Places

Bulls,

4

in 1895.

2

13

in 1894.

6

Milch Cows,

17

2

11

3

Herds of Milch Cows,

2

2

2

2

Heifers, Pure Bred,

7

2

11

2

Heifers, Native or Grade,

9

1

16

6

Working Oxen and Steers,

]

1

3

2

Steers,

0

0

3

1

Stallions, Farm and Draft,

1

1

1

1

Stallions, for Driving Purposes,

5

4

7

7

Brood Mares, Farm and Draft,

0

0

1

1

Brood Mares, Driving Purposes,

1

1

1

1

Family Horses,

6

6

9

6

■Gent's Driving Horses,

12

9

5

4

Farm Horses,

8

3

9

6

Pairs of Farm Horses, over 2500

lbs..

1

1

11

8

Pairs of Farm Horses, less than

2500 lbs.,

2

2

8

3

€olts. Farm and Draft,

2

2

8

6

€olts. Driving Purposes,

15

9

26

10

Teams used on Farm,

1

1

6

4

Swine, Large Breeds,

15

1

28

7

Swine, Small Breeds,

8

1

3

1

.Sheep,
Poultry,
Harrows for Trial,

4

66
3

2

7
2

10
165

2

4
13

2

Agricultural Implements,
•Carriages,

8

7

5

2

20
3

8
2

Ploughing,

10

3

15

6

Total on Show Grounds,

215 22

401 20

22

EXHIBITS IN HALL.

From From

Entries Different Entries Different

in 1895. Places in 1894. Places
in 1895. in 1894.

Dairy,

0

0

30

8

Bread and Canned Fruit,

28

5

48

13

Honey,

0

0

3

3

Pears,

176

11

174

19

Apples,

118

13

354

19

Peaches, Grapes and Assorted

Fruits,

97

10

112

18

Plants,

12

3

9

5

Flowers,

87

7

84

12

Vegetables,

188

10

326

17

Grain and Seed,

6

2

41

U

Carpetings and Rugs,

19

7

35

7

Counterpanes and Afghans,

44

7

71

12

Articles Manuf'd from Leather

, 8

1

14

4

Manu'f'r's and General Mdse.,

21

5

5

3

Fancy Work,

138

11

213

16

Works of Art,

53

10

131

14

Work by Children under 12

years of age,

16

2

23

8

Grange Exhibit,

0

•

0

1

1

Total in Hall, 1013 26 1674 27

Grand total, 1228 entries from 32 out of 35 cities and'
towns in Essex County, against 2075 entries from 29 cities
and towns last year. Gloucester, Nahant and Salisbury did
not have exhibits this year. The entries were : Amesbur}-,
3 ; Andover, 7 ; Beverly, 21 ; Boxford, 41 ; Bradford, 9 :
Danvers, 96 ; Essex, 2 ; Georgetown, 3 ; Groveland, 4 ;
Hamilton, 4; Ipswich, 5; Lawrence, 24; Lynn, 129:
Lynnfield, 5 ; Manchester, 1 ; Marblehead, 25 ; Mer-
rimac, 2 ; Methuen, 2 ; Middleton, 3 ; Newbury, 5& ; New-
buryport, 14 ; No. Andover, 47 ; Peabody, 624 ; Rockport,

1 ; Rowley, 10 ; Salem, 55 ; Saugus, 2 ; Swampscott, 14 ;
Topsfield, 3 ; Wenham, 3 ; West Newbury, 9.

REPORT OF THE ANNUAL MEETING.

The annual meeting of the Society was held in the Pea-
body Institute at Peabody, Sept. 18, 1895, when the fol-
lowing business was transacted :

President Appleton called the meeting to order at 10.30
A. M. and read the call.

On motion of Mr. Butler it was voted to proceed to bal-
lot for President, four Vice Presidents and Secretary all
on one ballot.

Result of the ballot. For President, Francis H. Apple-
ton of Peabody; for Vice Presidents, J. J. H. Gregory, of
Marblehead, O. S. Butler, of Georgetown, H. G. Herrick,
of Lawrence, Asa T. Newhall, of Lynn ; for Secretary,
John M. Danforth, of Lynnfield. All of the above were
elected unanimously.

Voted, That the Secretary and N. M. Quint of Peabody
have full charge and control of the Society's grounds and
buildings with power to rent them if they think it for best
interests of the Society.

Mr. Butler of Georgetown read resolutions of respect
for deceased members during the past year which were
adopted.

Voted, That the thanks of the Society be extended to
the town of Peabody for the aid given the Society ; to the
Trustees of the Peabody Institute for the use of the build-
ing ; to the Committee of the South church for their vestry
for the annual dinner; and to the Rev. O. S. Safford for
his very able address.

Voted, to adjourn.

Report of Committees.
1895.

The following premiums were awarded for live stock.

BULLS.

$6. Firstfpremium, to James C. Poor, No. Aidover, for 2

}ear old Holstein Bull " Prince Marion Fairfax,"
f4. Second jpremium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover,

for 2-year old^Holstein Bull " Aetis."
$6. First premium to Robert Foss, Hamilton, for 4-year

old Jersey Bull " Sir Richard Hamilton."
$4. Second premium, to Robert Foss, Hamilton, for 2-year

old Jersey Bulh
E. A. Emerson, Chas. J. Peabody, Phineas A.Dodge —
Committee.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON BULLS.

Only four entries of bulls were made, and these by two
men, Mr. James G. Poor of North Andover, who makes
a specialty of Holsteins, and Mr. Robert Foss of Hamilton,
Avho exhibited Jerseys.

In 'judging the bulls, the scales of points as recom-
mended by the State Board of Agriculture for Holsteins
and Jerseys were used. The two Holsteins scored 84 and
77 In a possible 100, and the Jerseys 97 a)ul 94. It would

25

seem that this method of judging would in time be more
i?atisfactoiy than the old method, and lead to more uni-
form and definite results in a series of years.

Your committee would deplore the absence of bulls
and cows from our fair grounds.

Just think of it, farmers of old Essex, only two exhibi-
tors of l)ulls and two or three of cows ! Our county is a
large milk producing section, and certainly there are many
valuable thorough-bred bulls of the breeds exhibited, as
well as many of the other breeds, and doubtless, too, many
as fine cows as can be found in New England. Cannot
some means or influence be used whereby our show of cat-
tle may be largely augmented in future years ? Now
that we liave fine and commodious buildings it would seem
that we might awaken a deeper interest in our cattle show
throughout the county, and in future have animals enough
to fill our sheds to overflowing. And perhaps too, we
might get a respectable showing of the ox team, even if
we do live in this fast age of horses, steam and electricity.

At a fair recently held in Tilton, N. H., there were
nearly a hundred pairs of handsome oxen and steers, and
very many cows and bulls, all of which made a splendid
show. Shall Essex County, Mass., be behind the middle of
New Hampshire? If we cannot keep up with New Hamp-
shire on oxen at our shows, we certainly can on our cows, if
a proper interest is aroused by efforts in the right direction.

E. A. Emerson, Chairman.

MILCH COWS.

First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Holstein cow, " Madam Eugeine."
First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Grade cow, " Bessie B.''
First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Holstein cow, " Myra W."

26

^1. First premium to James C. Poor, No. Anclover, for

Grade Holstein, " Onedia."
$4:. Second premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Holstein cow, ^ Maid of Penn."
84. Second premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Holstein cow, "Spott."
John Swinerton, E. A. Emerson, (leo. L. Burnham —
Committee.

To Committee on Milch Cows :

I enter for milch cows, either foreign, native or g-rade,
the Holstein cow, " Madam Eugeine," 10 year.s old,
calved Mar. 30. From Apr. 10 to May 10th, 30 days, she
gave 1950 lbs. milk ; an average of 65 lbs. per day ; the
largest yield in one day, 70 lbs. ; is now giving 40 Ib.^. per
day.

And " Bessie B." a grade Holstein and Jersey 5 years
old, calved Mar. 24. For the month of April she gave
1800 lbs. milk, an average of 62 lbs. per day, largest yield
in one day, Q6 lbs. Feed 6 qts. meal (gluten) and 6 qts.
shorts with one feed roots and mostly good hay, milked 3
times a day, watered twice a day.

For Holstein cows: '• Myra W.," 10 years old, calved
July 28, for the month of August she has given 1395 lbs.
milk, an average of 45 lbs. per day.

And the cow, " Maid of Penn," 8 years old, calved Mar.
26 ; in the month of April she gave 1500 lbs. milk.

For native or grade cows, the grade Holstein cow
"Spott," 9 years old, calved Aug. IT, has given from . 40
to 45 lbs. milk a day for past month.

And the grade Holstein cow " Overna," 4 years old ; she
calved Jan. 28 (her 3d calf), and has never been dry.
She averaged 40 lbs. milk a day in March.

The winter feed has been 4 qts. gluten and cob meal, 4
qts. shorts, one feed, d bush, roots, two feeds of dry fod-

27

der, consisting of oat and corn fodder and good ha}^, in
summer pasture with about | the winter grain feed, and
since Aug. 15, sweet corn fodder twice a day.
Respectfully submitted,

J. C. Poor.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for
six Holstein and grade cows.
S. F. Newman, J. Scott Todd, William Thornton —
Committee.

To the Committee on Herds of Milch Cows:
I enter for your consideration the Holstein cows

"Madam Eugeine,'' "Myra W.," " Betz 2d," '^ Maid of

Penn," and grade Holstein cows, "'Bessie B.'' and

'• Spott."

Madam Eugeine, record for one year, 15,200 lbs.
Myra W., - "' - - 13,180 "

Betz 2, " " " '" 12,945 "

" Maid of Penn." " " " " 11,225 "
" Bessie B." " " " " 11,000 "

Spott, '' " " " 9,500 "

Winter feed ; 12 qts. gluten corn and cobb meal and
shorts, one feed of roots, i bush, dry fodder consisting of
corn and oat fodder, English hay and 2d crop. Feed
twice a day and watered in barn twice a day, carded and
brushed once a day, when fresh and giving a large flow are

milked three times a day.

In summer they are turned to pasture and the grain feed
reduced from | to h the above, and feed after Aug. 1st
with corn or barley fodder twice a day.

Respectfully submitted,

J. C. POOE.

28

HEIFERS— PURE BREED.

^5. First premium to Robert Foss, Hamilton, for Jersey,

3 yi'S. old.
'$4. First premium to Robert Foss, Hamilton, for Jersey,

1 year old.
$5. First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Holstein, 2 years old.
#4. First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Holstein, 1 year old.
$4. First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Holstein, 2 years ,old.
$2. Second premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Holstein, 2 years old.
$2. Second premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

6 weeks old heifer.
B. P. Pike, Geo. R. Dodge, Samuel T. Poor, Edward
Kent — Committee.

GRADE HEH^ERS.

^5. First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Grade Holstein, 3 yeai's old.
$'4. First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Grade Holsteiti, 2 years old.
$4. First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

Grade Holstein, 1 year old.
William B. Carleton, Andrew Lane, Jr., John Swiner-
ton — Committee.

WORKING OXEN.

^8. First premium to Frank E. Kimball, Danvers, for
Oxen.
C. J. Peabody, C. P. MighiU, Charles Haseltine— (7owi-
mittee.

29

FARM TEAMS.

$5. First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for
4 Horse Team.
J. F. Kinsman, Albert Emerson, J. H. McKenney —

Committee.

STALLIONS FOR FARM AND DRAFT PURPOSES.

18. First premium to J. W. Carlisle, Ipswich, for Per-
cheron Stallion.
W. E. Merrill, Amos P. Alley, J. H. McKenney— Cow-
mittee.

STALLIONS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

$8. First premium to A. B. Forbes, Byfield, for Stallion

" Tei'ranta."
$5. Second premium to Rial Side stock farm, Beverly, for

Stallion " Col. Osgood."
$5 and diploma ta Rial Side stock farm, Beverly, for 3 year

old Stallion "• Pure Red."'
$3. Second premium to A. R. Lewis, Bradford, for 3 year

old Stallion " Starr Nelson."
$5 and diploma to Robert M. Leacli, Dan vers, for Morgan

Coach Stallion " Gen. Lothair."
O. S. Butler, Sherman Nelson, Benj. P. Ware, S. B.
Georgfe — Committee.

FAMILY HORSES.

$6. First premium to A. B. Forbes, Byfield, for Cliestnut

Mare '' Sylvia."
$4. Second premium to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Bay Mare.
Francis H. Appletoii, Charles A. Lunt, B. P. Pike — Com-
mittee.

30

BROOD MARES.

First j)remium to A. B. Forbes, Bjfield, for Bay-
Mare " Clayene."

GENTS' DRIVING HORSES.

First premium to Byron G. Kimball, Bradford, for

pair Driving Horses.
Second premium to Charles Sanders, Peabody, for

pair Driving Horses.
First premium to Rial Side stock farm, Beverly, for

Single Horse.
Second premium to A. B. Forbes, Byfield, for Horse

" Varica."

SINGLE FARM HORSES.

$6. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for black

horse, weight 1375 lbs.
$4. Second premium, to F. W. Lyford, Danvers, for

horse, weight 1250 lbs.
$6. First premium, to B. H. Farnham, No. Andover, for

horse, weight 1125 lbs.
$4. Second premium, to Arthur Durkee, Peabody, for

brown mare, weight 1150 lbs.
Edward A. Fuller, Geo. M. Roundy, H. M. Goodrich,
S. H. Bailey — Committee.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES WEIGHING OVER 2500

LBS.

$8. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for
pair horses, weight 2800 lbs.
Sherman Nelson, Isaac C. Day, I. F. Knowlton — Com-
mittee.

31

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES WEIGHING LESS THAN

2500 LBS.
•$8. First premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for

pair liorses, weight 2440 lbs.
$5. Second premium, to Charles S. Little, Merrimac, for
pair liQi'ses, weight 2250 lbs.
B. F. Barnes, M. C. Pettingill, M. H. Connor— Com-
mittee.

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES, THREE AND FOUR
YEARS OLD.

$6. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for 4-year-
old colt.

i4. Second premium, to James C. Poor, No. Andover, for
4-year-old colt.
S. D. Hood, D. D. Adams, G. W. Sargent — Committee.

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES, THREE AND'
FOUR YEARS OLD.

$6. First premium, to D. F. Duffy, Andover, for 4-year-
old bay colt.

$4. Second premium, to D. P. Rogers, Salem, for 4-year-
old brown colt.

$5. First premium, to H. H. Demsey, Wenham, for 3-year
old colt.

$3. Second premium, to D. L. Story, Beverly, for 3-year-
old brown colt.
Edwin Bates, E. P. Barrett, J. J. Gould, O. F. Newhall

— Committee.

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES, ONE AND TWO
YEARS OLD.

$4. First pjemium, to W. F. Kinsman, Ipswich, for 2-year-

old stallion colt.

32

$2. Second premium, to A. B. Forbes, Byfield, for 2-year-
old stallion colt.
$4. First premium, to W. F. Kinsman, Ipswich, for one-
year-old filly.
i2. Second premium, to Rial Side Stock Farm, Beverly,

for one-year-old colt.
$4. First j)remium, to A. B. Forbes, Byfield, for two-year-
old bay filly.
^2. Second premium, to H. H. Demsey, Wenham, for
2-year-old filly.
Richard Newell, A. E. Lufkin, Fred H. Bates — Com-
mittee.

SWINE. LARGE BREEDS.

■•$5. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Cheshire

boar.
i5. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Cheshire

sow and pigs.
$5. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Chester

white boar.
$5. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Chester

white sow and pigs.
$5. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for 7 Chester

white weaned pigs.
$5. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Yorkshire

boar.
$5. First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Poland

China pigs.
l|3. Second premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for Ohio

Imp. Chester boar.
$3. Second j)remium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for 7

weaned pigs.
George A. Dow, E. C. Little, W. K. Cole — Committse.

33

SWINE, SMALL BREEDS.
). First premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabody, for medium

Yorkshire boar.
J. Second premium, to W. L. Hill, Peabod}', foi- small

Yorkshire boar.
). First premium, to Frank Stanley, Peabody, for

Yorkshire sow and pigs.
5. Second premium, to John P. Collins, Peabody. for

Yorkshire sow and pigs.
W. K. Cole, George A. Dow, J. "W. Yeaton, E. C. Little
-Committee.

SHEEP.

85. First premium, to Lewis P. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Shropshire buck.
$5. First premium, to Lewis P. Hawkes, Saugus, for ten

Shropshire sheep.
$4. First premium, to Lewis P. Hawkes, Saugus, for

Shropshire lambs.
Thomas P. Hale, George A. Dow, X. W. Moody —
Committee.

POULTRY.

11.00. First premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for

light Brahma Fowls.
.50. Second premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for

light Brahma Fowls.
.50. Second premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for

light Brahma Chicks.
.60. Second premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for

Plymouth Rock Fowls.
.50. Second premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabodj', fop

Plymouth Rock Chicks.

34

fl.OO. First premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for

Golden Polish Fowls.
^1.00. First premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for Buff

Cochin Bantam Fowls.
'fl.OO. First premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for

Buff Cochin Bantam Chicks.
.50. Second premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for

Buff Cochin Bantam' Chicks.
fl.OO. First premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for

Golden Seabrisjht Bantam Fowls,
f 1.00. First premium, to Walter H. Beckett, Peabody, for

Bed Game Bantam Chicks,
f 1.00. First premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for Red

Game Bantam Fowls.
fl.OO. First premium, to Wm. E. Sheen, Peabodj--, for

Brown Leghorn Fowls.
$1.00. First premium, to Wm. E. Sheen, Peabody, for

Brown Leghorn Chicks.
fl.OO. First premium, to Arthur W. Beckford, Danvers,

for Houdan Fowls.
rfl.OO. First premium to Arthur W. Beckford, Danvers,

for Houdan Chicks.
fl.OO. First premium, to Arthur W. Beckford, Danvers,
for S. L. Wyandotte Chicks.
.50. Second premium, to S. C. Knapp, Peabody, for

Brown Leghorni^Chicks.
.50. Second premium, to R. H. Hamilton, Peabody, for

White Leghorn Chicks.
•$1.00. First premium, to R. H. Hamilton, Peabody, for

White Leghorn Fowls.
.50. Second premium, to R. H. Hamilton, Peabody,
for Polish Fowls.
•fl.OO. First premium, to H. A. Harrington, Peabody, for

Indian Game Chicks.
•fl.OO. First premium, to H. A. Harrington, Peabody, for

Plymouth Rock Fowls.

35

#1.00. First premium, to H. A. Harrington, Peabody, for

Plymouth Rock Chicks.
.50. Second premium, to M. J. Cain, Lynn, for Pekin

Ducks.
fil.OO. First premium, to John C. Jodrey, Danvers, for

S. L. Wyandotte Chicks.
.50. Second premium, to John C. Jodrey, Danvers, for

S. L. Wyandotte Chicks.
#1.00. First premium, to John C. Jodrey, Danvers, for

G. L. Wyandotte (chicks.
-fl.OO. First premium, to Elmer C. Durkee, Peabody, for

Light Brahma Chicks.
•fl.OO. First premium to Charles E. Symonds, Salem, for

Japanese Game fowls.
fl.OO. B'irst premium to H. E. Rice, Middleton, for Black

Java chicks.
fl.OO. First premium to M. S. Perkins, Danvers, for

Toulouse Geese.
fl.OO. First premium to J. Hanna & Son, Groveland, for

Pekin Breeding ducks.
-^1.00. First premium to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for White

Woodland fowls.
fl.OO. First premium to E. R. Perkins, Salem, for White

Woodland chicks.
D. B. Wallace — -for the Vommittee.

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAMS.

f 8. First premium to James C. Poor, No. Andover, four
horses.
Walter I. Chad wick, Alvin Smith, L. H. Bailey, S. N.
Curtis, A. A. .Rutherford — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH TWO HORSES.
First premium to T. C. Durkee, Peabody, Landside
plough.

36

$4. Second premium to G. Dynneson, Peabody, Landside-
plough.
W. S. Phillips, Jr., F. W. Lyford, A. B. Fellows, B. H-
Farnham, George Pratt — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SINGLE OX TEAMS.

$6. First premium to F. G. Kimball, Danvers, Swivel-
plough.
Moses H. Poor, Horace Lane, James E. Page, J. W.
Yeatoii — Committee.

PLOUGHING WITH SULKY PLOUGH.

$6. First premium to O. F. Newhall, Peabody, " National."'
Henry O. Verry, Andrew Dodge, Samuel T. Poor —
Committee.

PLOUGHING BY BOYS LESS THAN FIFTEEN
YEARS OF AGE.

'18. First premium to Charles S. Little, Merrimacy
" Hussey," No. 102.
H. G. Herrick — -for Committee.

HARROAVS.

$6. First premium to J. L. Colcord, Peabody, for im-
proved spring tooth harrow.
$4. Second premium to J. L. Colcord, Peabod}^, for
Tyler's Disc harrow.
Benjamin P. Ware— /or tlie Committee.

27

CARRIAGES.

i$3. Gratuity to T. W. Lane, Amesbuiy, for Stanhope

Corning buggy.
^2. Gratuity to T. W. Lane, Amesbury, for Republican

wagon.
#1. Gratuity to T. W. Lane, Amesbury, for Concord

wagon.
^5. Gratuity to Dole & Osgood, Peabody, for Queen

Phaiton and two light express wagons,
(leorge E. Daniels, J. H. Perkins, Aaron Sawyer —
■Committee.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

#8. And diploma to J. L. Colcord, Peabody, for collection

of implements.
#4. Premium to S. J. Pedlar, Methuen, for horse cart.
•$1. Premium to S. J. Pedlar, Methuen, for sled runner.
^f4. Premium to S. D. Hinxman, No. Andover, for bent

axle wagon.
4|2. Premium to George E. Daniels, Rowley, for pair of

wheels.
#1. Premium to J. D. Dodge, Rowley, for marsh shoes.
^1. Premium to Daniel Fuller, Topsfield, for storm door

for carriage.
Honorable mention of J. Stanley Bell's exhibit of
-mowers.

THE EXHIBITION OF AGRICULTURAL
IMPLEMENTS.

In quantity the exhibition of Agricultural Implements
was not equal to th it of average years, but this was more
tlhan made up by the quality of the exhibit. The principal
exhibitor was J. L. Colcord, of Peabody. There is this

38

advantage in having a dealer exhibit, — over that made by a^
manufacturer; while the latter is confined to the product
of his own ideas, that of the former presents the ideas of
many minds. Mr. Colcord's exhibit was unusually valuable-
It contained the latest improvement in cultivators, mo^^'ing
machines, paris green distributors, pea, corn and bean plant-
ers, potato diggers, and fertilizer distributors. I have used
all of these but the cultivator on my farms, and can fully
endorse their merits. Why will my brother farmers con-
tinue the application of paris green in the old fashioned
bulky way, by reducing with plaster or water, where tliey
can obtain just as good results by applying it pure from a
cyclone exterminator or Leggett gun ? It takes no more
of the powder to do the work and it can be done in half
the time, and will be just as efficacious. Why should we-
lug around 250 pounds of water on our backs, when a
single pound of paris green blown on the vines, will ac-
complish as good results? We sometimes have our potato
vines injured when we apply the paris green diluted in
water. This is because either very cold water has been
used on a hot day or, what is more likely, the free arsenic
in it has been dissolved by the water, and this al ways-
blasts wherever it touches. By using the powder undis-
solved we avoid most of this injury, indeed avoid it entirely
unless a rain follow directly after its application. Several'
patent powders have been put upon the market to take the
place of the paris green, but as a rule they are good just as
far as they have the paris green in them. The As})inwall;
pea, bean and corn planter. I have used for several years,
and am much pleased with it. I have several other"
planters, but this in about every instance is the one used.
To enable the farmer to plant seed of various sizes a variety
of slides are needed, and these can be readily obtained.
Hallock's potato digger I have used for two seasons, it is a
double-mould-board plow, with a series of rods trailing on
each side. The potatoes are turned out upon these rods and

39

carried along until they are dropped off at their cnds»
After picking up all that can be seen, a harrowing of the
ground will bring to light as nearly all that are left as is
secured in average hand digging. Where the most thorough
work is aimed at, the soil thrown out can be stirred with a
potato hook. Mr. Colcord also exhibited an improved
cultivator, which had a shoe so attached to the hind tooth
that by the nee of a lever attachment the level of the
wheel and the position of the hind tooth could be so
altered that the implement would rest entirely on the
wheel and shoe attachment, thus enabling the farmer to
transport it from place to place without the teeth touching
the ground. The width of the implement could also be
instantly adjusted to a very narrow row. He also exhibited
a Stradler cultivator, to go each side of the row. I liave
had one on my farm a couple of years and find it very use-
ful, especially for cabbage. Each half is completely in the
control of the person handling it, being independent of each.
other, and can be run as near or far from the crop as may
be desired. The teeth are set at the right angle to plunge
deep in the soil, which makes it a capital implement for
eradicating twitch grass. It is a two horse machine.
Another useful implement exhibited by Mr. Colcord, was
the Spangler fertilizer distributor. I have had this in use
for several years and think highly of it, though I liave
usually hitched on a few links of chain when distributing
a liberal quantity to help in the mixing with the soil. The
past season I have had in use a broad-cast fertilizer, made
by the same firm on the same principle. It works first
rate. We have probably broad-casted over forty tons with
it the past season. They are made on the force feed
principle and hence are not liable to clog witli almost any
fertilizer, yet I find it does its best work when about half
filled. We feed it from bags of fertilizer dropped at the
ends and middle of the piece. The storm door invented
by Mr. David P^'uller of Topsfield, to protect drivers from

40

storuH, opening as it did to the middle and presenting at
the same time something to grasp in getting into the
vehicle, appeared to be an excellent device. Mr. Fuller
informed the committee that he had sold about one hundred
of them at $2.50 each. Another piece of excellent good
work was sled runners with the curve made by bending
and truiineling together narrow white oak plank, thus
obviating the necessity of wide plank and saving waste in
material. It was exhibited by Mr. S. J. Pedlar, of Methuen.
To Mr. Pedlar was also awarded a premium for the best
horse cart, his having a decided advantage over others in
having the tire overlap the fellies, and have a rounded
edge. The committee would have preferred to have
awarded the premium to a single horse cart, which is far
more readily handled in common farm work, besides being
very much lighter (for the two horse carts on exhibition
weighed in the close vicinity of a ton each), but the only
one on exhibition showed no peculiar merits.
For the committee,

J. J. H. Gregory, chairman. '

IN EXHIBITION HALL.

P>READ AND CANNED FRUIT.

•12.00. First premium, to Mrs. Ellen Condon, Peabody, for

white bread.
SI. 50. Second premium, to Mrs. C. H. Goulding, Peabody,

for white bread.
$1.00. Gratuity, to Olivia J. Spencer, Peabody, for white

bread.
f 2.00. First premium, to Olivia J. Spencer, Peabody, for

graham bread.
•i'l.OO. Second premium, to Mrs. Lizzie Wilson, Beverly,

for graham bread.
.50. Gratuit}' to ]\Irs. Lizzie Wilson, Beverl}^, for rice

bread.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Otis Brown, Peabody, for

oatmeal bread.
.50. Gratuity to Mrs. C. H. Goulding, Peabody, for

oatmeal bread.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. Annie L. Cole, Boxford, for

brown bread.
.50. Second premium, to Miss Clara L. Bailey, Andov-

er, for brown bread.
$2.00. First premium, to C. E. Jackson, Peabody, for case

of assorted bread.
$1.00. First premium, to S. W. King, Peabody, for cake.
$2.00. First premium, to Mrs. D. P. Grosvenor, Pea-
body, for 12 jars canned fruit.
$1.00. Second premium, to Mrs. J. H. Ellsworth, Pea-
body, for 6 jars canned fruit.
$1.00. First premium, to Mrs. C. H. White, Danvers, for

three kinds of jelly.

42

$1.00. Gratuity, to Miss S. B. Herrick, Peabody, for
green grape jelly.
Mrs. J. H. Perkins, Mrs. N. M. Quint, Mrs. E. A,
Emerson — Committee.

STATEMENT OF WHITE BREAD, MADE BY ELLEN CONDON.

One quart of white flour, one pint of scalded milk, one
half cake of compressed yeast, one teaspoon ful of salt.
Mix at night, put in pan in the morning, let it rise till
light. Bake one hour.

STATEMENT OF WHITE BREAD, MADE BY ]MRS. C. H.

GOULDING.

One and one half cups of milk, one third cup of yeast,
or one-third of a compressed yeast cake, flour enough to
knead, rise over night. In the morning cut down witli a
knife, let it rise slightly again, then knead and put in pan
to bake, when risen enough to be light, bake three (quar-
ters of an hour.

STATEMENT OF WHITE BREAD, MADE BY OLIVIA ,J.

SPENCER,

Two cups of milk, two cups warm water, one tablespoon-
ful of lard, one tablespoonful of sugar, two and one half
quarts of flour, one heaping teaspoonful of salt. The flour
used was Haxall. Put the milk, lard and sugar on the
fire, letting them just come to a boil, add the water warni^^
and let cool till luke-warm, add one small cup of yeast, the
salt and enough of the flour for a stiff batter and set it tO'
rise, this should be about five o'clock, at nine o'clock knead
enough only to mix in the rest of the flour. In the morn-
ing knead a little, and put in the pan, using no additional
flour. Let it stand one hour, then bake one hour. Ther
yeast used was made from potatoes, hops and flour.

43

STATEMENT OF GRAHAM BREAD, MADE BY OLIVIA J.

SPENCER.

One and one half cups of water, one and one half cup»
of white flour, one half cup of yeast, one teaspoonful of salt,
one half cup of molasses, two heaping cups of graham
flour. At night make a batter of the water and white
flour, add the yeast and salt. In the morning add the
molasses and graham flour. Let it rise two hours. Bake
three quarters of an hour.

STATEMENT OF GRAHAM BREAD, MADE BY MISS LIZZIE
J. WILSON.
Two cups of graham flour, one cup of white flour, one
tablespoonful of bran, one half cup of yeast, a little molasses,
one teaspoonful of salt, make as stiff as can be stirred
with a spoon. Let it rise over night. In the morning
bake one hour in a moderate oven. This quantity makes
one loaf.

STATEMENT OF RICE BREAD, MADE BY LIZZIE J. WILSON.

One pint of ground rice, one quart of wheat flour, one
pint of milk, and one pint of hot water, one teaspoonful of
salt, two teaspoonfuls of sugar, one compressed yeast cake,
rise until light. Put into pan and rise one hour. Bake in
a moderately hot oven, one hour and ten minutes. This
makes two loaves.

STATEMENT OF OATMEAL BREAD, MADE BY MRS. C. H.
GOULDING.

One cup of oatmeal, one-third cup of molasses, level
tablespoonful of butter, turn into this two cups of boiling
water, when cool add one half cup of yeast, or one half
compressed yeast cake, flour enough to knead. Mix at
night, put in the pan in the morning and bake one hour.

44

[STATEMENT OF BROWN BREAD MADE BY MRS. ANNA L.

COLE.

Two cups of Indian meal, three cups of rye meal, one
small cup of molasses, one j^int of water, one teaspoonful
of soda, one teaspoonful of salt. Steam three hours.

(STATEMENT OF BItOWN BREAD MADE BY CLARA L.

BAILEY.

Two cups of Indian meal, two cups Haxall flour, two-
thirds cup of molasses, two teaspoonfuls of soda, two and
one-half cups of cold water, a little salt. Steam four
hours.

STATEMENT OF THE METHOD OF CANNING BY MRS. D. P.
GROSVENOR.

Fresh fruit, raspberries and blackberries. Fill the jars
witli fruit. Make a syrup of one cup of sugar to one
quart of water. Place the jars in cold water and fill with
the syrup, placing the glass covers on the jars, after boil-
ing ten minutes, take from the water, and put on the
rubber rings and seal at once.

PEARS.

Make a syrup of a half pound of sugar to one pound
of fruit, put the fruit in, and let it boil till transparent.

JAM.

Mash the fruit, and add a half pound of sugar to one
pound of fruit. Just let it come to a boil.

STATEMENT OF METHOD OF CANNING VEGETABLES AND
FRUITS BY MRS. H. L. ELLSWORTH.

CORX.

Cut the corn fresh from the cob, into the jars, pressing
it down hard, until within one inch of the top, seal the
jars making them air tight, put the jars in cold water and

45

when it comes to a boil, continue to boil them for three-
hours. See that the jars are air tight after they have-
boiled, then cover with paper to keep out the light. The-
jars are not to be uncapped after boiling until wanted for
use.

TOMATOES.

Take sound ripe tomatoes and turn boiling water on
them, peel and put in kettle with just enough water to
keep from burning, boil twenty minutes and bottle. Be^
sure and have the jars full.

STEIN& BEANS.

Take string or butter beans and boil till tender, fill the
jars full, seal, putting paper around the jars to keep out
the light.

PEARS.

Take sound pears and cut in halves and put in cold
water to keep from turning, make a syrup of a ciii) of
sugar and two cups of water, and boil ten minutes, then
put in the fruit and boil twenty minutes ; measure Avith
large cups.

PEACHES.

Take sound ripe peaches, peel and half. Make a S3a'up
of one cup of sugar, two large cups of water, and boil ten
minutes, then put in the fruit and boil until you can
pierce a straw through them.

PRESERVED GREEN TOMATOES.

Take sound green tomatoes and to one pound of fruit
put three-fourths of a pound of sugar, add two lemons to
three pounds fruit, add one pint of water, cook three,
hours.

METHOD OF JELLY MAKING BY MRS. C. H. \VHITE.
BARBERRY .TELLY.

Pick over the barberries and wash them. Put theai
into the preserving kettle, and to eveiy four quarts of

46

berries allow three pints of water, and one dozen sour
apples quartered and cored. Boil slowly until apples and
berries are soft, then turn into the jelly bag and drain off
the juice without squeezing. Boil the juice twenty
minutes, skim and measure, and to each cup of juice use
a generous cupful of sugar, boil until it jellies, which will
sometimes take thirty minutes. Pour into tumblers and
after three or four days cover with paper.

GRAPE JELLY.

The wild grapes gathered just as they begin to turn,
are the best for jelly. Wash the grapes and free them
from the stems. Put them in the kettle, and mash them
until all are broken. Heat slowly, and cook until the
juice is well drawn out. Then strain through a jelly bag
made of nice all wool white flannel. Measure the juice,
and allow an equal measure of sugar. Boil the juice
fifteen minutes, skim and strain again, then add the sugar
and boil till the surface looks wrinkled and the liquid
jellies on the edge, skim well and turn into glasses.

APPLE JELLY.

Wash the apples, remove the blossom end, and cut in
small pieces, but do not pare or core, for the skin and
seeds improve the color and quality of the jelly, cover
•with cold'water, and cook gently until soft, turn into the
jelly bag and hang the bag up so that it may drip as long
as it will, but do not squeeze. Allow half pound of sugar
to a pint of juice. Boil the juice alone until it begins to
■thicken on the edge of the pan. Put in the sugar hot and
skim. Boil until it jellies and turn into glasses.

METHOD OP MAKING GREEN GRAPE JELLY BY MISS S. B.

HERRICK.

Green grapes, cultivated, stewed and strained through
flannel. Strain through cheese-cloth, measuring the
juice. Use equal quantities of juice and sugar. Heat the

47

•sugar in the oven and add to the juice which has boiled
twenty minutes. Boil both juice and sugar five minutes,
strain again through cheese-cloth into a heated pitcher.
Then pour into tumblers.

PEARS.

f 2.00. First premium, to P. P. Cotter, Salem, for Bartlett.

2.00. First premium, to H. A. Harrington, Peabody, for

Belle Lucrative.
•2.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Bosc.

2.00. First premium, to Charles E. Browne, Peabody, for
d'Anjou.

2.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Duchess
de Angouleme.

2.00. First premium to J. F. Moore, Peabody, for Dana's
Hovey.

2.00. First premium, to W. K. Dodge, Salem, for Law-
rence.

2.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Bon de
Jersey.

2.00. First premium, to P. M. Neal, Lynn, for Onandago.

2.00. First premium, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for Para-
dise d'Automne.

2.00. First premium, to Fred Lamson, Salem, for Seckel.

2.00. First premium, to Robert Lindsay, Lawrence, for
Sheldon.

2.00. First premium, to Walter B. Allen, Lynn, for Ur-
baniste.

2.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Vicar.

2.00. First premium, to T. T. Bailey, Peabody, for Com-
ice.

2.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for
Clairgeau.

:2.00. First premium, to G. D. Walton, Peabody, for
Howell.

48

5.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for collection.

1.00. Gratuity, to Elmer Willis, Lynn, for Bartlett.

1.00. Gratuity, to Charles E. Brown, Peabody, for Belle
Lucrative.

1.00. Gratuity, to W. Burke Little, Newburj^, for Bosc.

1.00. Gratuity, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for d'Au-
jou.

1.00. Gratuity to H. A. Harrington, Peabody, for Duchess.

1.00. Gratuity, to Walter B. Allen, Lynn, for Lawjence.

1.00. Gratuity, to S. J. Barr, Lawrence, for Bon de Jersey.

1.00. Gratuity to P. M. Neal, Lynn, for Paradise
d'Automne.

1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Seckel.

1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Sheldon.

1.00. Gratuity, to H. W. Munroe, Lynnfield, for Urbaniste.

1.00. Giatuity, to J. E. T. Bartlett, Peabody, for Buerre
Hardy.

1.00. Gratuity, to Sylvester Parrott, Lynn, for Fulton.

1.00. Gratuity, to H. B. Leonard, Danvers, for de Con-
gress.

50c. Gratuity, to G. D. Walton, Peabody, for Buerre
Hardy.

50c. Gratuity, to J. W. Goodell, Lynn, for Fulton.

P. M. Neal, George W. Chadwick, W. H. B. Cuirier—

Committee.

APPLES.

12.00. First premium, to Mrs. B. W. Moore, Peabody, for
Baldwin.

2.00. First premium, to Lyman Osborn, Peabod}^ for
Danvers Sweet.

2.00. First premium, to T. P. Hale, Rowley, for Tomp-
kins King.

2.00. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newbury, for Tol-
man's Sweet.

49

2.00. First premium, to Geo. F. S;inger, Penltodv, for

Drap d'Or.
2.00. First premium, to Charles F. Knight, Newlmiv. for
H. Nonsuch.

2.00. First premium, to J. C. (reorge. Daiivers, for Por-
ter.

2.00. First premium, to Mrs. David Warren, Sw;iiii))S(ott^
for Pickman Pippins.

2.00. First premium, to S. F. Newman, Newhni y, for
Roxbury Russett.

2.00. First premium, to B. P. Ware, Marblehead, for R.
I. Greening.

2.00. First premium, to W. Winchester, Peahody, for
Sweet Baldwin.

2.00. First premium, to Mrs. B. W. Moore, Peabody, for
Gravenstein,

2.00. First premium, to Daniel H. Ilsley, Newbui y, for
Hunt's Russett.

2.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbniy, for.
Smith's Cider.

2.00. First premium, to I)enj, K. Horton, Peabody, for
Snow.

1.50. First premium to Mrs. A. Kempt, Peabody, for Ily-
slop Crab.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mary A. Noycs, Lynn, for Fall Harvey.

1.00. Gratuity, to George D. Walton, Peabody, for Wal-
ton Apj)le.

1.00. Gratuity, to W. Burke Little, Newbuiy, for McLi-
tosh.

1.00. Gratuity, to George W. Richai'dson, Lynn. ^ for
Wealthy.

1.00. Gratuity, to Asa Saw^yer, Peabod}-, for Golden Rus-
sett.

1.00. Gratuity, to Augustus Vei'ry, Danvers, for Wagner.

1.00. Gratuity, to Albert H. Meriill, Peabody. for Pea-
body Apple.

50

1.00. Gratuity, to Blake & Johnson, Peabody, for Cod-
ling Apple.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mary A. Noyes, Lynn, for Sudbury
Sweet.

■50c. Giatuity, to Walter Butman, Peabody, for Hyslop
' Crab.

oOc. Gratuity, to T. P. Hale, Rowley, for Crab Apple.

50c. (iratuity, to C. K. Hutchinson, Peabody, for Porter.

50c. Gratuity, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for Tol-
man's Sweet.

50c. Gratuity, to David M. Cole, Boxford, for Roxbury
Russett.

50c. Gratuity, to B. W. Foss, Rowley^ for Crab Apples.

-50c. Gratuity, to George D. Walton, Peabody, for Hass
Apple.

50c. Gratuity, to Charles F. Knight, Newbury, for Snow.

50c. Gratuity, to William Perkins, 2nd, Peabody, for
Gravenstein.

50c. Gratuity, to Henry Verry, Dan vers, for Gravenstein.
T. C. Thurlow, A. C. Osborn, B. F. Huntington, John

Perkins — Committee.

PEACHES, GRAPES AND ASSORTED FRUIT.

'•f2.00. First premium, to Andrew N. Jacobs, Peabody,

for white flesh peach.
2.00. I^Firstf premium, to Albert Poor, Peabody, for yellow

flesh peach.
.50. Gratuity, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for seedling

peach.
.50. Gratuity, to Mary A. Noyes, Lynn, for Crawford

peach.
.50. Gratuity, to H. B. Leonard, Peabodj-, for stump of

the world.
.50 «, Gratuity, to Charles F. Knight, Newbury, for

Crawford peach.

51

S.OO. First premium, to J. W. Goodell, Lynn, for Hart-
ford grapes.

4.00. First premium, to James M. Teele, Lynn, for Black
Hamburg grapes.

-3.00. First premium, to James M. Teele, Lynn, for
Brighton grapes.

v^.OO. First premium, to Michael Shea, Lawrence, for
"Niagara grapes.

3.00. First premium, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for Dela-
ware grapes.

>3.00. First premium, to E. A. Richards, Lynn, for
Moore's early grapes.

3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Concord
grapes.

:3.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Worden

grapes.
3.00. First premium, to Mrs. M. N. Moore, Peabody, for
Martha grapes.

7.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for collec-
tion of grapes.

7.00. Gratuity, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for collec-
tion of grapes.
.50. Gratuity, to G. D. Walton, Peabody, for natural
grape.

l.OO. Gratuity, to Thos. H. Jackman, Peabody, for
Pocklington grapes.
.50. Gratuity, to A. C. Osborn, Peabody, for Concord

grapes.
.50. Gratuity, to A. C. Osborn, Peabody, for Hartford

grapes.
.50. Gratuity, to A. C. Osborn, Peabody, for Niagara

grapes.
.50. Gratuity, to A. C. Osborn, Peabody, for Peabody

grapes.
,75. Gratuity, to A. C. Osborn, Peabody, for Maud S.
grapes.

52

.50. Gratuity, to C. B. Haven, Peabody, for Concord

grapes.
1.00. Gratuity, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for P>lack'

Hamburg grapes.
1.50. Gratuity, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for Pockling-^

ton grapes.
1.00. Gratuity, to E. A. Richards, Lynn, for Eaton

grapes.
.50. Gratuity, to J. F. Moore, Peabody, for Moore's

early grape.
.50. Gratuity, to Otis Brown, Peabody, for Lee's earl\-

grapes.
1.00. Gratuity, to W. P. Hutchinson, Danvers, for

Brighton grapes.
.50. Gratuity, to W. P. Hiitcliinson, Danvers, for eai-ly

Victor grapes.
.50. Gratuit}'', to Alonzo Raddin, Peabody, for Moores

Diamond grapes.
.50. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for Niagara

grapes.
.50. Gratuity, to S. J. Barr, Lawrence, for Concord

grapes.
3.00. First premium, to G. T. Bailey, Peabody, for

orange quinces.
1.00. Gratuity, to Albert H. Merrill, Peabody, for orange

quinces.
2.00. First premium, to H. A. Harrington, Peabody, for

golden drop plum.
2.00. First premium, to John Horner, Peabody, for

Weaver plum.
2.00. First premium, to John Seastream, Peabody, for

Lombard plum.
2.00. First premium, to Mrs. M. T. Osborn, Peabody, f.-r

(irreen Gage plum.
2.00. First premium, to Charles Kniglit, Newbury, for

Purple Egg plum.

53

...50. Gratuity, to George AV^ Peabody, Wenham, for
box blackberries.

J. W. Goodell. Nathaniel Dole, E. K. Lee, James W.
Bond — Committee.

As chairman of the committee on grapes, peaches and
/assorted fruits, at the Essex Agricultural fair, held at Pea-
body, Sept. 17, 18 and 19, 1895, we would make the fol-
lowing additional report and suggestions. We were much
gratified to see the extra large display of grapes, and the
general good quality of the same. Also the increased at-
•tention to the earlier varieties which are pretty sure to
ripen before the killing frosts appear.

Especially we would commend the efforts of Mr. A. C.
Osborn in this direction, who exhibited three varieties
raised by him from seed, all of which he claims to be as
■early as Moore's Early or Champion, we deem them worthy
of the attention of grape growers, and if they develop qual-
ity as well as earliness, he surely should receive the esteem
and favors of the society. Since the time of holding our
Fair, E. W. Bull, the originator of the Concord grape, has
passed on to his rewards, and this hardy grape of excellent
quality is left as his legacy to a larger circle of mankind
than ariy other known grape. It has, to us, only one
known drawback and that is, now and then, being caught
by frost. If its perfect ripening could be assured every
year the legacy would be doubly rich, especially for all N.
E. States.

In this connection we would call the attention of the
Society to Moor's Diamond, a white grape of superior ex-
.cellence of flavor and general appearance, and early ripen-
ing. The specimens exhibited on Sept. 17th were perfectly
ripened, and excellent in quality, and in our opinion is one
of the most promising early grapes for N. E. planting.

In passing judgment and awarding a premium on the
.collection of grapes, we found two collections only, these
«were piled upon large plates, one claiming to have eleven

54

and the other twelve varieties, the twelfth variety four'
bunches on a vine, after removing this vine and leaving
eleven varieties in each exhibit, the two plates were to the
minds of the committee of equal merit, and the conclusion
was that the first premium should be divided equally be-
tween the two. But the officers decided that this could not
be done. So one was given the first premium and the other
the same amount as a gratuity. To avoid another occurrence
of this kind we would advise that this article be changed
that the collection of grapes shall he placed on plates of the
several varieties of two hunches each, not less than six vari-
eties (instead of ten as now) be required.

We have many grape growers who could compete with-
six varieties, and but very few who could show ten.

Peaches. We were pleased to see so good a display of
geedling peaches, and in this connection we would like to-
be informed whether Essex County seedling means any
seedling peach raised in Essex County or a particular va-
riety, which has been shown at former fairs and claimed
that name. We are of the opinion that no one variety
should be allowed that sweeping claim.

Quinces. The exhibits were few and all of the orange-
variety. It appears to be an off year, either for quinces or
quince growers.

Plums. The exhibit of plums was also small, but there-
was one exhibit by,,Mr. Knight, of Byfield, as gieen gages^
but according to the books does not answer the description
of that variety, being smaller, lighter color, earlier and
sweeter than the green gage at that season of the year.-
It is a fruit of superior excellence and well worthy of the
society's attention.

We were early taught that "Eternal Vigilance was the-
price of Liberty." In later years we have found that the
same is true in regard to the price of Marketable Fruit.

We fear that many of our fruit growers have let their'
pruning shears rust from want of use. We are aware that

55

it requires a good degree of moral courage to staud before-
a good thrifty grape vine in midsummer and say " Thus
far and no farther shalt thou go '' or when a tree is heavily
laden with fruit, go to work and clip off one third to one
half the crop — or after the foliage has fallen head in a thrifty
peach tree one third to one half of its season's growth-

But experience has clearly taught us that such methods
are necessary to insure the best results.

We have got to ^(/A^ for the croi^^ and that continuiilly
from the time of the first opening leaf and bud to the time
of harvest, we must prune and spray and scra^oe and dig
and fertilize — and fruit of first quality can only be obtained
by the liberal use of ground bone — hard wood aslies, or
potash. If the ground does not contain these elements.
you must put them there.

J. W. GoODELL, Chairman of Committee.

PLANTS.

$5.00. First premium, to Harmony Grove Conservatories,
for collection.

1.00. First premium, to Harmony Grove Conservatories,
for Ferns.

60c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Clara M. Giles, Dan vers, for Mar-
guerite.

50c. Gratuity, to Mrs.C. Coalfleet, Peabody, for Gloxinia.

1.00. Gratuity to Mrs. W. B. Kimball, Peabody, for Be-
gonia.

3.00. Gratuity, to J. M. Ward & Co., Peabody, for Si)ec-
imen Plants.

1.00. Gratuity, to C. A. Buxton, Salem, for collection
Coleus.

1.00. Gratuity, to R. B. Macintosh, Peabody, for variety
Native Ferns.
Edward E. M^oodman, Ethel W. Brown, Elizabeth Hall,

E ttore Tassin ar i — Committee.

56

FLOWERS.

♦l.UO. First premium, to Mrs. Clara M. Giles, Danvei-s,
for Sweet Peas.

1.00. First premium, to E. A. Richards, Lynn, for Single
Petunias.

1.00. First premium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for pair
Bouquets for vases.

l.OO. First premium, to Mrs. A. Raddin, Peabody, for
Hardy Phlox.

l.OD. First premium, to F. E. Hobart, Peabody, for col-
lection (larden Annuals.

8.00. First premium, to J. M. "Ward & Co., Peabody, for
Floral design Cultivated Flowers.

1.00. First premium, to ^^^ J. Walton, Salem, for collec-
tion Coxcombs.

o.OO. First premium, to Mrs. Julia A. Cain, Lynn, for
collection 100 varieties Garden Flowers.

l.OO. First premium, to Mrs. Julia A. Cain, Lynn, for
twelve Double Geraniums.

l.OO. First premium, to Mrs. Julia A. Caiu, Lynn, for
twelve Single Geraniums.

l.OO. First premium, to A. L. Cain, Lynn, for twelve
Salpioglossis.

1.00. First premium, to Albert E. Cain, Lynn, for twenty-
four French Marigolds.

1.00. First premium, to Miss L. A. Cain, Lynn, for
twenty-four African Marigolds.

1.00. First [H'emium, to Mrs. Geo. E. Cain, Lynn, for
twelve Nasturtiums.

1.00. First [jrcniium, to Mrs. Susie Vickary, Lynn, for
Bas^ket Native Wild Flowers.

1.00. First })ieMiium, to J. C. Vickary, L3'nn, two bou-
(jUL'ts Native Wild Flowers.

l.OU. First [)reinium, to J. C. Vickary, Ljmn, for twenty-
four Zinnias.

1.00. First pieuiium, to C. L. Beckett, Peabody, for twelve
Cam: us.

S7

1.00. First premium, to Miss Nancy P. Osborne, Peabody,

for twenty-four Verbenas.
2.00. First premium, to Mary W. Nichols, Danvers, for

collection of Native and Introduced Weeds.
1.00. First premium, to Miss Nancy P. Osborne, Peabody,

for twenty-four Pansies.
,2.00. First premium, to Emily F. Carlton, No. Andover,

for design Native Flowers.
1.00. First premium, to Miss Nancy P. Osborne, Peabody,

for twelve Gladiolas.
2.00. First premium, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury,

for twenty-four Hardy Phlox.
1.00. First premium, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury,

for twelve Hardy Phlox.
ii.OO. First premium, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury,

for collection three varieties Japan Lilies.
.5<)c. (iratuity, to F. P. Grant, Beverly, for collection of

Flowers.
50c. (hatuity, to F. P. Grant, Beverly, for collection

Pompon Dahlias.
50c. Gratuity, to F. P. Grant, Beverly, for collection

White Asters.
50c. Gratuity, to F. P. Grant, Beverly, for collection of

Dianthus.
.50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for Basket of

Everlastings.
.50c. Gratuity, to W. Wilson, Peabody, collection African

Marigolds.
"75c. Gratuity, to J. C. Bodge, Peabody, for collection

Japan Lilies.
50c. Gratuity, to F. C. Hobart, Peabody, for collection

Tuberous Begonias.
.50c. Gratuity, to W. J. Walton, Salem, for collection

Garden Flowers.
50c. Gratuity, to W. J. Walton, Salem, for collection

Scabiosas.

58

50c. Gratuity, to M. H. Merrill, Peabody, for collection

Brugmangeas.
50c. Gratuity, to Dilla L. Newhall, Peabody, for Dish of

Flowers.
50c. Gratuity, to Warren Bushby, Lynn, for collection

Nasturtiums.
60c. Gratuity, to Mrs. N. M. Quint, Peabody, for collec'

tion Hardy Hydrangeas.
50c. Gratuity, to Mrs. Susie Vickary, Lynn, bi^uquets

garden flowers.
50c. Gratuity, to Catherine F. Wardwell, Salem, for

fall Anemones.
50c. Gratuity, to Catherine F. Wardwell, Salem, for

Eupatoritim.
2.00. Second premium, to E. F. Dwyer, Lynn, for collec-
tion 100 specimens garden flowers.
50c. Gratuity, to Emily F. Carlton, No. Andovei-, for

dish of wild Violets.
50c. Gratuity, to Emily F. Carlton, No. Andover. for

single Petunias.
50c. Gratuity, to Emily F. ('arlton. No. Andover. for

Drummond Phlox.
1.00. Gratuity, to T. C. Thurlow, West Newbury, for

collection of Helianthus.
50c. Gratuity, to P. Heavey, Peabody, for Pompon

Dahlias.
2.00. Gratuity, to C. H. Haskell, Lynn, for collection

show Dahlias.
50c. Gratuity, to C. H. Haskell, Lynn, for Dahlias.
50c. Gratuity, to Harmony Grove Corporation, Salenu

for floral design.
.50. Gratuity, to Harmony Grove Corporation, Salem,

for basket choice flowers.
Mrs. Reuben Alley, Mrs. David Warren, Ettore Tassi-
nari, Edward E. Woodman — Committee.

59

VEGETABLES— FIRST CLASS.

§2.00. First premium, to W. A. Jacobs, Dauvers, for

Edmunds beets.
2.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

orange carrots.
2.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

short horn carrot.
2.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newburj^, for

Dewing's beets.
2.00. First premium, to R. H. Wilson, Feabody, for flat

turnips.
2.00. First premium, to E. Pope Barrett, Peabody, for

parsnips.
2.00. First premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for mangold

wurtzels.
2.00. First premium, to Andrew Lane, Rockport, for

cranberries.
2.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for ruta

bagas.
2.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Eclipse

beets.
2.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for PerryV

Hybrid corn.
2.00. First premium, to George Reynolds, Peabody, for

Danvers carrots.
2.00. First premium, to A. D. Carlton, No. Andover, for

late sweet corn.
1.00. Gratuity, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for early sweet corn,
1.00. Gratuity, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for late sweet coru.
1.00. Gratuity, to Charles Sanders, Peabody, for mangolds.
1.00. Gratuity, to O. F. Newhall, Peabody, for Edmunds'

beets.
Danvers Asylum had a fine collection of vegetables, but
did not want them considered for a premium.

John Q. Evans, B. Frank Phillips, T. J. King — Com-
mittee.

6o

VEGETABLES— CLASS TWO.

-S2.00. First premium, to Henry Bushby, Peabody, for

Hubbard squash.
:2.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Warren squash.
2.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Stone Mason cabbage.
2.00. First premium, to David Warren, Swampscott, for

Dan vers onions.
2.00. First premium, to W. A. Jacobs, Dan vers, for deep

head cabbaofe.
2.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

marrow squash.
2.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

Clai"k"s No. 1 potatoes.
2.00. First premkiui, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

early Maine potatoes.
2.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

red globe onion.
2.00. First premium, to W. Burke Little, Newbury, for

yellow flat onion.
5^.00. First premium, to H. A. Harrington, Peabody, for

musk melon.
2.00. First premium, to J. G. Bodge, Peabody, for Savoy

cabbage.
2.00. First premium, to W. J. Munroe, Lynnfield, for

Livingstone tomatoes.
2.00. First premium, W. K. Cole, Boxford, for Hebron

potatoes .
2.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, i^oxford, for Pearl

of Savoy potatoes.
2.00. First premium to W. K. Cole, lioxford, for Drum-
head cabbage.
2.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for all

seasons cabbage.
2.00. First premium, to George Reynolds, Peabody, for

red cabbasre.

6i

2.00. First premium, to J. O. (xoodale, Peubody, for Ray

State squash.
2.00. First premium, to T. C. Durkee, Peabody, for L,

F. tomatoes.
2.00. First premium, to T. C. Durkee, Peabody, for

golden celery.
2.00. First premium, to J. W. Parkhurst, Uoxford, for

early rose potatoes.
2.00. First premium, to O. F. Newhall, Peabody, for

nutmeg melon.
2.00. First premium, to O. F. Newhall, Peabody, for

Salmon flesh melon.
2.00. First premium, to O. F. Newhall, Peabody, for

collection of tomatoes.
1,00. Second premium, to W. A. .facobs, Danvers, for

Stone Mason cabbage.
1.00. Second premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for red

cabbage.
1.00. Second premium, to George Reynolds, Peabody,

for Savoy cabbage.
1.00. Gratuity, to Henry Bushby, Peabody, for early

North potatoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to David Warren, Swampscott, for new

Queen potatoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to W. A. Jacobs, Danvers, for Miirble-

head squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to Robert H. Wilson, Peabody, for Hen-
derson's cabbage.
1.00. Gratuity, to Robert H. Wilson, Peabody, for Bruns-
wick cabbage.
1.00. Gratuity, to E. Pope Barrett, Peabody, for New

Queen potatoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to T. C. Durkee, Peabody, for cauliflower.
1.00. Gratuity,to T.C. Durkee, Peabody, for Victor squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to T. C. Durkee, Peabody, for Danvers

onions.

62

1.00. Gratuity, to J. W. Parkhurst, Boxford, for Hubbard

squash.
1.00. Gratuity, to L. W. Goldthwaite, Danvers, for

cauliflower.
1.00. Gratuity, to O. F. Newhall, Peabody, for celery.
1.00. Gratuity, to E. S. Keyes, Boxford, for Queen of the

AVest potatoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to Blake & Johnson, Peabody, for Marrow

squash.
Nathan A. Bushby, Geo. A. Rogers, John A. Putnam —
Committee.

GRAIN AND SEED.
2.00. First premium, to D. M. Cole, Boxford, for 25 ears
seed corn.

1.00. Second premium, to Edwin Bates, Lynn, for 25 ears
pop corn.

1.00. First premium, to H. M. Killam, Boxford, for peck

shelled corn.
1.00. First premium, to W. K. Cole, Boxford, for peck

Brockton pole beans.
William B. Carlton, Francis H. Appleton, N. A. Bushby
— Committee.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.
3.00. First premium, to Mrs. Wm. H. Sumner, Newbury-

port, for crochet quilt.
2.00. Second premium, to Mrs. S. P. Baker, Peabody, for

crochet quilt.
2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Joseph Clothey, Peabody, for

crochet quilt.
1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. E. Hovey, Groveland, for silk

(|uilt.

63

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. C. Foster, Danvers, for patch

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary Prescott, Manchester, for
print quilt.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. Thomas Doyle, Peabody, for

crochet quilt.
.oO. Gratuity, to Mrs. Emma French, Peabody, for patch

quilt.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. T. C. P. Legro, Danvers, for
crochet quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Elizabeth H. Sanders, Ipswich,

for silk quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mary F. Pierce, Peabody, for

crochet quilt.
.75. Gratuity, to Elizabeth Eagan, Peabody, for afghan.
1.50. First premium, to Mrs. D. W. Crowley, Danvers, for

afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Jennie Russell, Lynn, for afghan.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. George B. Dennett, Danvers, for

silk quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Irene Pope, Danvers, for woollen

quilt.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Irene Pope, Danvers, for silk quilt.
.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. Charles Williams, Salem, for

woolen quilt.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. H. White, Danvers, for log
cabin quilt.
Mrs. Richard Newell, Mrs. W. H. Sargent, Mrs. W, K.
Cole — Committee.

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.
2.00. First premium, to Mrs. Charles E. Symonds, Salem,

for braided rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. E. Torrey, Salem, for drawn

ru2.

64

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. A. Diinn, Salem, for braided rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Mar}' O. Smith, Daiivers. for

braided rug.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Fred Wagner, Peabody. for

drawn rug.
1 00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. L. Towne, Salem, for drawn rug,
.50. Gratuity to Mrs. Moses Cook, Newburyport, for

braided rug.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Henry P. Woodbury, Beverly, for

knit mat.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. James Hawley, Peabody. for
drawn rug.
3.00. F'irst premium, to Mrs. L. H. Ricliardson, Peabod}-,
for rag carpeting.
Mrs. Annie L. Gole, Miss Rebecca T. Wood, Mrs. A.
Raddin — Committee.

ARTICLES MANUB^ACTURED FROM LEATHER,

3.00. First premium, to Herbert Gardner, Peabody, foi"

express harness.
2.00. Gratuity, to Joseph A. Poor, Peabod}-, for leather

belting.
2.00. Gratuity, to C. J. Larrabee cV' Co., Peabody, for

sheep kid.
2.00. Gratuity, to Manning & Conwa}^ Peabody. for col-
lection boots and shoes.
Diploma, to Franklin Osborn & Co., Peabody, for exliibit

of leather.
Diploma, to Benj. W. Moore, Peabody, for exhibit of leather.
Diploma, to Newman Perkins & Son, Peabody, for split

leather.
Honorable mention of A. C. Lawrence & Co., Peabody,

for exliibit of white skins.
John Perkins, Lyman Osborn, H. X. ILirriuiaii — Com-
mittee.

65

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHAN-
DISE.

3.00. First premium, to Nellie L. Stockwell, Peabody, for

display of bonnets.
2.00. Gratuity, to Joseph 0. Fiske, Lynn, for cider mill.
1.00. Gratuity, to L. M. Symonds, Salem, for horse shoes.
1.00. Gratuity, to Joseph A. Roone, Peabody, for horse

shoes.
2.00. Gratuity, to N. N. Dunimer, Rowley, for manu-
factured cereals.
1.50. Gratuity, to George W. Adams, Newbury, for

fertilizer.
1.50. Gratuity, to George W. Pratt, Peabody, for chairs

and table.
1.00. Gratuity, to George A. Clifford, Peabody, for

sample of graining.
.50. Gratuity, to Robert G. Estes, Peabody, for ships in

bottles.
1.00. Gratuity, to William Martin, Salem, for shaving case.
.50. Gratuity, to William Mai'tin, Salem, for railroad

gate.
Diploma, to Marsh & Co., Lynn, for soaps.
Diploma, to William Gay & Son, Peabodj^, for soaps.
Diploma, to George S. Curtis, Peabody, for muscle oil.

Otis Brown, Mrs. N. M. Quint, Mrs. A. Raddin, W.
Burke Little — Qommittee.

FANCY WORK.

2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. P. Chase, Haverhill, for case of

embroidery.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss A. K. Thacher, Peabody, for

Vienna table cloth.
2.00. Gratuity, to Miss M. O. Barrett, Peabody, for_^case

of fancy work.

66

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Ingeborg M. Potter, Lynn, for

Hardanger embroidery,
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. H. F. Walker, Lynn, for tea

cloth.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Eben Goldthwai.te, Lynn, for

table cover.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. P. Newhall, Lynn, for pen and

ink work.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. E. Coffin, Newburyport, for

side board scarf.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. William M. Sumner, Newbury-
port, for hand point lace.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. M. Pearson, Swampscott, for

portiere.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Charles L. Osborn, Peabody, for

centre piece.
1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. Fred St. C. Herrick, Lawrence,

for centre piece and doylies.
1.00. Gratuity, to Catherine B. West, Peabody, for cen-
tre piece.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Lilian Chandler, Salem, for centre

piece and doylies.
1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Emma J. McHowell, Lynn, for
two doylies.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. D. F. Parsons, Lynnfield, for lace

handkerchief.
.50. Gratuit}^ to Mrs'. James Rodie, Peabody, for hand-
kerchief.
.50. Gratuity, to Vara A. Hinds, Peabody, for collar and

apron.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Cora Pope, Danvers, for centre

piece.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Ellen Donnell, Peabody, for cen-
tre piece.
.50. Gratuity, to' Mrs. W. F. Porter, Beverly, for Mexi-
can handkerchief.

67

.60. Gratuity, to Mrs. George A. Griffin, Salem, for

crochet and edgeing-.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. D. Woodbury, Peabody, for

darned lace work.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Edw. F. Dalton, Peabody, for

centre piece.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss M. E. Lord, Peabody, for centre

piece.
.60. Gratuity, to Mrs. D. B. Lord, Peabody, for centre

piece.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Grace Southwick, Peabody, for

centre piece.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. O. Cutler, Peabody, for button

holes.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Bessie (ioodridge, Peabody, for

leather sofa pillow.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. George R. Norton, Peabody, for

centre piece.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Charles M. Poor, Peabody, for

embroidery.
-50. Gratuity, to Mrs. D. P. Grovesnor, Peabody, for

sofa pillow.
.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. D. P. Grovesnor, for table cover.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss N. McKenzie, Essex, for apron.
-60. Gratuity, to Mrs. Charles H. Poole, Peabody, for

sofa pillow.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Nellie Merrill, Peabody, for doylies.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Mary Forness, Peabody, for toi-
let set.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss Lizzie A. Putnam, Newburyport,

for centre piece and doylies.
.50. Gratuity, to Eva F. Coffin, Newburypoi't, for doylies.
.50. Gratuity, to Miss M. A. Southwick, Peabody, for

bui'eau scarf.
.50. Giatuity, to Mrs. Annie W. Bushby, Peabody, for

centre piece-

68

.50. Gratuity, to Miss N. M. Pierce, Peabody, for pillow-
slips.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss Mary Clifford, Peabody, for toilet
set.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss Mary Clifford, Peabody, for Liee
handkerchief.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss L. E. Roberts, Peabod}^ for paper
flowers.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss A. A. Little, Peabody, for netted
work.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. 0. H. Brooks, Peabody, for night
robe.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. George Raddin, Peabody, fm'
apron.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. William H. Sumner, Newbury-
port, for centre piece and doylies.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. N. K. Stanley, Newburyport, for
honiton centre piece.

.50. Gratuity, to Miss Nellie Sumner, Newburyport, for
centre piece.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. C. B. Martin, Newburyport, for
baby dress.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. S. M. Pearson, Swampscott, for
centre piece.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Charles L. Osborn, Peabody, for
lace collar and cuffs.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. George B. Price, Salem, for cen-
tre piece.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. A. W. Berry, Peabody, for knit
doll. ^

.50. Gratuity, to Miss Elsie Goodridge, Peabody, for
doylies.

.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. M. A. Brown, Lynn, for pilh)W
slips.

.50. Gratuity, to Julia M. Smith, Danvers, for five pairs-
socks.

69

,50. Gratuity, to Annie W. Perkins, Lawrence, for cen-
tre piece.
Mrs. Amos P; Alley, Mrs. S. E. Merrill, Mrs. C. H.
Brooks — Committee.

WORKS OF ART AND OIL PAINTINGS.

^2.00. Gratuity, to Miss Hattie F. Tenney, Byfield, for
oil painting.

2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. O. H. Wallace, Peabody, for roses
in oil.

2.00. Gratuity, to Miss Bertha Goodhue, Beverly, for
" Figure Pieces."

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Jennie H. Marston, Danvers, for
oil painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to F. H. Appleton, Peabody, for crayon.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. P. J. Frye, Peabody, for crayon
landscape.

1.00. Gratuity, to M. A. Tigh, Peab3dy, for oil painting.

1.00. Gratuity, to Lois M. Cummings, Andover, for oil
painting.

1.00, Gratuity, to Alfred Wyman, Peabody, for pen and
ink sketch.

1.00. Gratuity, to Fannie Teague, Peabodj'^, for oil paint-
ing.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. O. H. Wallace, Peabody, for
landscape.

1.00. Gratuity, to Gertrude Stanwood, West Newbury,
for original composition drawing.

1.00. Gratuity, to Gertrude Stanwood, West Newbury,
for portraits.
.50. Gratuity, to Gertrude Barrett, Peabody, for straw-
berries in oil.
Mrs. Belle D. Hodgkins, Miss Lizzie G. Hathaway, Mrs.

T>. P. GrosYenor—Committse.

JO

WATER COLORS AND DECORATED CHINA.

12.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. N. G. Kimball, Bradford, for
Landscape.

2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. N. G. Kimball, Bradford, for Dec-
orated China.

2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. P. G. Dana, Peabody, for Water
Color " Roses."

1.50. Gratuity, to Miss Alice E. Trask, Peabody, for
Water Color.

1.00. Gratuity to Miss S.E.Dwyer, Salem, for Water Color.

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Annie Symonds, Peabody, for
Water Color.

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Alice H. Berry, Peabody, for
Painted China.

1.50. Gratuity, to Mrs. Lizzie Hall, Peabody, for Painted
Salad Set.

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Mary Tigh, Peabody, for Deco-
rated China.

1.75. Gratuity, to Mrs. G. C. Messer, Peabody, for Dec-
orated China. •

1.00. Gratuity, to Miss Mary W. Weston, Middle ton ,. for
Decorated Table.

2.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. L. H. Richardson, Peabod}-, for
Decorated .Jars.

1.00. Gratuity, to Mrs. J. A. Cain, Lynn, for Photographs.

2.00. Gratuity, to Miss C. F. Lucas, Salem, for Photo-
graphs.

2.00. Gratuity, to Mi-s. Edward C. Cook. Danvers, for Jar.

1.00. Gratuity, to M. H. Cole, Boxford, for Flowers.
Mrs. W. H. Kinsman, Miss Lizzie B. Hathaway, Mrs.

Belle Hodgkins — Committee.

WORK BY CHILDREN UNDER TWELVE YEARS
OF AGE.

.50. Gratuity, to Eva M. Adams, Newbury, for Scarf.

7f

.75. Gratuity, to Hattie E. Perkins, Peabody, for Hand-
kerchief.

.50. Gratuity, to Master John Mars, Peabody, for
Apron.

.50. Gratuity, to Winnifred P. Upton, Peabody, for
Blouse and Jacket.
11.00. Gratuity, to Mary T. Reynolds, Peabody, for Suit
of Clothes.

.50. Gratuity, to Blanch Bradford, Peabody, for Tiay
Cloth.

.50. Gratuity, to May Goodridge, Peabody, for Pillow
Case.

.50. Gratuity, to Lucy R. Moore, Peabody, for Pillow

Case.
.50. Gratuity, to Maggie Montgomery, Peabody, for

Skirts and Fringe.
^1.00. Gratuity, to Annie W. Parmenter, Peabody, for

Dress.
.50. Gratuit}', to Lucy K. Moore, Peabody, for Dain-

ino".

Mrs. S. B. George, Edith Gardner Cressey — Committee.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON ROOT CROPS.

The Committee on Root Crops have attended to their
duty and report as follows :

We have six entries of Root Crops. All or a part of
the Committee have visited them, noted the crops and con-
ditions under which they have been grown.

We find the Essex faimers alive to the great competi-
tion in agricultural products, and best methods of keeping
up the fertility of their farms.

Our first meeting was with Mr. John H. George, of Me-
thuen, August 28th, to view a crop of onions and potatoes.
His crops are grown with an eye to business, as statement
will show belovA^

72

Our second meeting was Nov. 10th, at Frederick Stultz's,
of West Newbury, to view a crop of Mangold Wurtzels.
This farm shows thrift and good management.

Our third visit was at the farm of Kent & Marsh, mar-
ket and floral gardeners of Newburyport, hot house
vegetables and flowers a specialty. Their entry was a
crop of onions and their statements are worthy of more
than passing notice. Had their rows of onions been sown
as near as Mr. George's it would have been a wa^-m compe-
tition.

Oct. 16th, we visited the farm of James Manning, of
Tojisfield, and was showni a fine crop of ruta baga turnips.
Mr. Manning although quite an old man has not lost his
grip on good farming. Sets a high standard on education
and moral character as requisite of good farming.

On Oct. 16th, we visited the farm of Charles C. Blunt,
at Andover. We were shown a fine field of carrots. Mr.
Blunt's farming needs no commenting on, as premiums
from the Essex Agricultural Society of previous years will
show. The Committee recommend the following-
awards :

ONIONS.

To John H. George of Methuen, first premium, $!8.00

To Kent & Marsh of Newburyport, second premium, 5.00

CARROTS.

To Charles C. Blunt of Andover, first premium, 8.00

MANGOLD WURTZELS.

To Frederick Stultz of AVest Newbury, first premium, 8.00

POTATOES.

To John H. George of Methuen, first premium, 8.00

TURNIPS.

To James] Manning of Topsfield, first premium, 8.00

1Z

The Committee wish herewith to acknowledge the hos-
pitality with which they were received.

Chaeles W. Nelson, "^

John Barker, j

Richard Webster, V Committee.

William Phillips, Jr., |

John W. Dennis, )

statement concerning a crop of onions raised by
john h. george, methuen, mass., in 1895.

The crop of '94 was onions. The crop was fertilized
with five cords of coarse manure to the acre, applied in the
fall, and one-half ton of Stockbridge onion fertilizer,
applied in the spring. To the crop of '95 was applied one-
half ton of Stockbridge onion fertilizer. The land is a
peat meadow. It was ploughed in the fall, and in the
spring it was harrowed with a tooth harrow and brushed
with a birch-brush harrow : one-half ton Stockbridsfe onion
fertilizer was applied broadcast ; brushed again, sowed with
three lbs. of Yellow Globe Danvers onion seed and one-
fourth lb. of Southport Wliite Globe seed (from Jas. J. H.
Gregory, seedsman, Marblehead, Mass.) ; bed rolled with a
wooden roller, rows ten inches apart ; they were hoed five
times, weeded four times ; cut up when ripe with a circular
wheel hoe ; gathered in 1\ bushel crates and stored in the
onion house. By the help of ten boys and two men the
half acre was gathered and housed in four hours. The
yield was 481i bushels, on the half acre, of the handsomest
onions I ever saAV ; and while many are now selling their
onions for as low as 25c per bushel (as a paper before me
says), I have sold over 300 bushels at an average of over
75c per bushel.

The account stands as follows :

74

Br.

Ploughing i acre, ^\ 50-

Harrowing, applying fertilizer and brushing, 1 50

One-half ton Stockbridge onion fertilizer, 20 00

Sowing and rolling, 1 00

Hoeing five times, 4 50
Weeding (boy's work at 75c per day), 10 day's work, 7 50

Seed, ' 8 00

Harvesting and toj)ping, 15 00

Marketing, 10 00

Interest and taxes on land, 5 00

^74 00

Or.

By 481i bushels onions at 75c., #361 13

Profit on one-half acre, *287 13

" " one acre, .$574 26

Not a very bad showing for Stockbridge onion fertilizer

and elbow grease.

Respectfully submitted,

John H. George.

Methuen, Mass., Sept. 30, 1895.
This may certify that I measured the piece of ground on
which grew the crop of onions entered for the Essex
County Agricultural Society premium, and it contains one
half acre.

Walter Smith.

STATEMENT CONCERNING A CROP OF POTATOES RAISED
BY JOHN H. GEORGE, METHUEN, MASS., 1895.

The crop of '94 was a crop of oats cut for fodder, July
10th, ploughed and sowed to barley which was cut for fod-

75

der well in the milk on Oct. 15tli. The previous crop for
1893 Avas corn manured in the hill with night soil mixed
with gravel and loam, all the manure which the crops had.
The land was ploughed in the Fall of '94 ; in the Spring
of 1895 it was harrowed and brushed. On one side of the
piece there were three cords of as good manure as could
be had, applied at the rate of 20 cords to the acre ; on the
remaining part was applied Stockbridge Potato Feitilizer at
the rate of one ton per acre, part broadcast, and the rest
in the drill. The piece was furrowed, potatoes dropped,
covered with cultivator, brushed with brush harrow, as the
potatoes were pricking the ground, cultivated once, earthed
up with cultivator twice, dug with a potato digger and
mostly stored in the cellar. I have sold 60 bushels at 60
cents per bushel ; there was no hand work done on them
from the dropping to the digging. The seed was three
bushels Early Norther, five bushels New Queen and one-
half bushel Rural Blush. The yield of the Blush, was
first. Queen next, and Early Norther last. The tops during
the season where the manure was applied looked the rank-
est, but at digging time the Stockbridge told the story,
the yield on the fertilizer being at least one-third more than
where the manure was used. There were not one-half as
many rotten ones on the Stockbridge as on the manure,
while the fertilizer potatoes were much smoother and of
better quality.

I think I have fully satisfied myself that the Stockbridge
Potato Fertilizer is the only manure which should be used
for potatoes, if you want good, sound, smooth tubers. The
yield was 159 bushels on the half acre, or 318 bushels per
acre.

The account is as follows :

76

Br. Or.

To ploughing i acre, $ 1.50

To harrowing and brushing, .60

To opening drills and applying fertilizer, 1.25
To 3 cords manure on ground, 18.00

To i ton Stockbridge l\)tato Fertilizer, 20.00
To cultivation, 2.00

To digging and storing, 7.00

To seed (from W. W. Rawson) 6.00

To interest and taxes, 5.00

161.25
By 152 bushels potatoes at 60c., 191.20

By 7 bushels small ones, at 20c. 1.40

$92.60

Profit on \ acre, 1:31.35.
Profit on 1 acre, 62. 70.

Respectfully submitted,

John H. George.

Methuen, Mass., Sept. 30, 1895.
This is to certify that I helped measure the land on
wliich John H. George's potato crop grew, and it contains
i acre.

Lyman George.

STATEMENT CONCERNING A CROP OF CARROTS RAISED
BY C. C. BLUNT, ANDOVER, MASS., IN 1895.
'I'he land on wliich I raised the crop of carrots which I
enter for premium is a light, deep loam. The crop of
1803 was peas, manured with phosphate, at the rate of 800
lbs. per acre, followed with a crop of barley. The crop of
1894 was carrots. 1500 lbs. of phosphate was used and a
large crop raised.

This spring ploughed the ground and sowed \ ton of
phosphate on the half acre. Harrowed in and smoothed
with a drag; seed sown on the 10th of June at the rate of
2i lbs. per acre.

The dry weather affected the crop somewhat.

COST OF CROP.

Preparation of land, $ 4.00

1000 lbs. phosphate, 16.00

Seed and sowing, 2.25

Hoeing, weeding and thinning, 17.00

Harvesting, 10.00

$49.25

VALUE OF CROP.

By 314 bushels carrots, at 50c.,

$157.00

Cost,

49.25

$107.76.
Respectfully submitted,

C. C. Blunt.

Andover, Mass., Oct. 28, 1895.
I hereby certify that I have measured a field of carrots
for C. C. Blunt, entered for premium, and find it contains
one-half acre.

Having measured the crop on the above piece, the yield
is 314 bushels, 55 pounds to the bushel.

Samuel Thayer.

STATEMENT CONCERNING A CROP OF ONIONS RAISED P.Y
KENT & MARSH, OF NEWBURYPORT, MASS., 1895.

The crop of onions that we enter for premium is on land
that has been to onions for the past six years. There has

78

not been but small difference in the crops for the past four
years. This year we did not sow them only one foot
apart and with three pounds seed, 2| Danvers Globe and
i Craker onion. The result was 422 bushels. The onion
market being very dull we have not disposed of but a
small part of the crop. Shall base the price on an offer
received a short time since, 35 cents per bushel.
The statement is as follows :

Dr.

To 5 cords Manure at $6.00,

130 00

" ploughing and harrowing,

5 00

" 3 pounds seed at S2.00,

6 00

" sowing,

75

" hoeing and weeding.

22 00

" harvesting,

8 00

" topping and marketing.

15 00

" use of land.

6 00

892 75

Or.

By 422 bushel at 35c.,

1147 70

Net profit.

$54 95

Respectfully

submitted.

Kent

& Marsh.

Newbueyport, Mass., Oct. 31, 1895.
This is to certify that I have measured onion ground con-
taining one-half acre, for Messrs. Kent & Marsh.
Respectfully submitted,

C. W. Nelson.

STATEMENT OF A CROP OP MANGOLD WURTZELS, RAISED
BY FRED STULTZ, WEST NEWBURY.

The piece of Mangold Wurtzels which I enter for prem-
ium contains one-half acre, with land of sandy loam.

79

In 1893 it was in potatoes with a light dressing of manure.

In 1894 the crop was Mangold Wurtzels with five cords
of manure.

In 1895 five cords of manure was spread broadcast,
ploughed in about four inches deep, and harrowed.

Ploughed again eight inches deep, harrowed and leveled.
Sowed the seed in drills, twenty-eight inches apart, with
an onion seed sower. I used two pounds of seed. Giant
Ovoid, Intermediate Yellow, Norbiton Giant, in equal
parts. I prefer the Intermediate Yellow as smoother, and
easier cleaned. The entire crop was reduced this year by
the dry weather of September.

COST OF CROP.

Br.

Manure, 5 cords, $25 00

Ploughing, 1 50

Harrowing and leveling, 50

2 lbs. seed, 80

Sowing, 50

Wheel hoeing (once), 50

Thinning, weeding and resetting, 3 00

Cultivating (three times), 1 50

Harvesting, 5 00

Tops,

450 bush., at 15c.,

Or.
at 15c.,

$38 30

12 50
67 50

Yield per acre, 900 bush.,
" tops, per acre,

170 00

135 00

5 00

1140 00
Cost per acre, 76 60

Profit per acre, 63 40

Respectfully submitted,

Fred Stultz.

8o

This certifies that I have measured the piece of land on
Avliich Fred Stultz raised 450 bush. Mangold Wurtzels,
and it contains one-half acre.

James Stultz.

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF TURNIPS RAISED BY JAS.
MANNING OF TOPSFIELD.

The half acre of land on which the turnips I enter for
premium were grown, was planted last year with
hungarian, I put three cords stable manure on the half
acre, in drills three feet apart. The seed was sown July
22nd, yellow purple top ruta baga. I harvested four
hundred five bushels (405), the average price being forty-
five cents per bushel. The statement is as follows:
To three cords stable manure, $18 00

Seed,

Ploughing,
Sowing,
Thinning,
Harvesting,
Cultivating,

Cr.
By 405 bushels turnips at 45c.,

Less,

Profit per half acre, S153 50

Respectfully submitted,

Jas. Manning.

I hereby certify that I have measured a field of turnips
entered for premium by James Manning, and find it con-
tains one-half acre.

John H. Towne.

ToPSFiELD, Nov. 2, 1895.

50

1

50

75

2

00

5

00

1

00

128 75

$182

25

28

75

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SMALL FRUITS.

The Committee on Small Fruit Crops have attended to
the duty assigned them, and respectfully submit the fol-
lowing report :

J. Webb Barton, of Danvers, entered a crop of straw-
berries.

Fred Stultz, of West Newbury, strawberries.

Oscar Go wen, of West New^bury, raspberries.

Amos Haseltine, of Haverhill, blackberries and currants.

June 7th notice was received by the committee of their
election, and that Mr. Barton had entered a field of straw-
berries.

The notice was so short, and the season so busy, that
none but the chairman could be induced to visit Mr. Bar-
ton's crop, thus foregoing the pleasure of examining an
exceedingl}' fine plot for this season, of this most excel-
lent of all small fruits. Our next call was on Mr. Stultz
near Cherry Hill Nursery. His vines had a very strong
growth, and were well loaded with fruit which gave prom-
ise of a large crop, but being late the berries were in their
height when the heavy rains of the latter part of June
caused large quantities to decay, very materially reducing
the crop. Mr. Go wen's crop of raspberries was a good
one, considering tlie small amount of labor expended. As
he does not go back as does Mr. Haseltine, and charge the
present crop with the expenses of former years, we infer
that his account has already been balanced by preceding
crops.

On July 25th three of the committee were at Ayers
Village to view the blackberry and currant crops of
Amos Haseltine, which were giown on the same land as
were those which he received premiiims for last year. Mr.
Haseltine is somewhat disappointed with this year's crop,
which leaves a small balance against him for the three jears
of bearing. We think that Mr. Haseltine's statements as
a continuation of hijslast year's report are valuable to the

82

Society, and we would recommend that they be printed in

the Transactions ; but we believe it best to refer the award

of premium for the crops entered by him to the Trustees
After a careful examination of the several statements,

your Committee recommend the following awards.

To J. Webb Barton, of Danvers, crop of straw-
berries, first premium, -18.00

To Oscar Gowen, of West Newbury, crop of

I'aspberries, first premium, $8.00

To Amos Haseltine, Haverhill, for statements

for experiments, for three years, fS.OO

B. F. Huntington, L. H. Bailey — Committee.

STATEMENT OF STRAWBERRY CROP ENTERED BY J.
"WEBB BARTON, DANVERS, MASS.

The land upon which this crop was raised, had been in
grass for about ten years. The slope is such that after
heavy rains and in the spring, water remained upon the
surface and the grass along this lower part had given
place to brakes and other weeds. This applies to only a
portion, perhaps one fourth part.

I plowed it in the fall of 1893 and laid a 3 in. tile with
one branch to prevent this surplus of water. It was
fairly successful though I hoped for better results.

After a thorough harrowing in the spring, I applied
broadcast 250 lbs. ground bone and 275 lbs. of chemicals,
(home-mixed) and set out the plants, alternate rows of
Beverly and Haverland, six feet distant from each other,.
and about two feet apart in the row.

Between the strawberry rows I planted a row of bush
beans.

After the ground had frozen, a good covering of meadow
hay was put on.

The first picking for market was June 18, and the last
of 14 boxes, upon July 16th.

83

Cr.

3162 boxes,

f428 21
Dr.

Preparing land,

$6 75

Plants,

8 00

Setting,

2 85

Fertilizer,

9 00

Cultivation and

weeding.

36 90

Hay,

4 00

Labor on hay.

3 50

Picking,

64 30

Marketing,

63 24

Net profit, 16,884 sq. ft.

Rate per acre
8154 boxes,
Cost of production and selling.

Net profit.

$198 54

$229 67

$1104 25
512 21

)2 04
J. W. Barton.J J

This certifies that I measured the strawberry bed entered
by J. W. Barton and that it contains 16,884 sq. ft.

J. W. Nichols.

STATEMENT OF A CROP OF CUTHBERT RED RASPBERRIES
ENTERED BY O. GOWEN.

The raspberry crop entered by me grew on bushes which
had been started three years ago. There had not been any
dressing put on these since they were set out, except I
have yarded my hens among them. The only labor ex-
pended on them this year has been cutting out^the old
cane and cutting back the new ones. The yield was "'1 775
pint baskets which sold for $159.75.

84

To 2 days labor at $1.60, $3 00

'' Picking 1775 baskets berries at .01, 17 75

*• Marketing 1775 - " at .OU, 22 19

42.94

Or.
By 1775 baskets berries, $159 75

Expenses, 42 94

Net profit, $116 81

Net profit per acre, 1757 60

Gioss receipts, $1032 40
Respectfully submitted,

O. GOWEN.

West Newbury, Sept. 2, 1895.
1 certify that I measured the land on which the crop of
red raspberries grew entered by Oscar Gowen for pre-
mium offered by the Essex Agricultural Society, and said
lot contained twenty-four and 48-100 rods.

Wm. Merrill.

STATEMENT OF BLACKBERRY CROP, 1895.

Tlie blackberry crop I enter for premium was
grown on the same piece of land as entered last year, and
to avoid repetition I refer you to Essex County Transac-
tions for the year 1894, page 112, for measure of land and
former cultivation. Last fall the drouth was followed by
heavy rains, which caused the canes to grow late, and the
eailv cold weather in November froze them while full of
sap, killing more than two-thirds of the canes. On my
three other pieces of blackberries there was greater dam-
age, two of tliem were almost all destroyed, making the
total crop of the four pieces for this year, only 4o0 quarts,

85

while the crop of last year was 3200 quarts, nearly seven
times as great.

1 think that this late growth of the canes was paitly
caused by my applying fertilizer in the month of Augu st,
which I should not again do, but apply it in tlie
spring.

Dr.

Balance of cost from 1894,

Interest,

Use of land,

Pruning and wiring,

Hoeing and weeding,

Picking and selling 222 quarts, at 4 cents,

Total,

Cr. by 222 quarts at 12i cts.

Dr. to balance,

Dr. per acre.

Crop per acre, 1600 quarts.

Value of crop per acre.

Respectfully submitted,

$12

OO'

72

1

50

4

65

2

00

8

88

129

75

27

75

2

00

14

40

200 OO

Amos Haseltine.

STATEMENT OF CURRANT CROP, 1895.

The currant crop entered for premium was raised oi^
the same piece of land as entered last year, and for its
measure and former cultivation I refer you to Essex
County Transactions, for the year 1894, page 110. This
year, as in last, the crop was greatly damaged by frost at
the time of blossoming.

The only cultivation done this year was hoeing.

86

Currants Dr. to balance of cost, |34 00

" Interest, 2 04

" Use of land, 2 00

" Hoeing 4 times, 6 00

" Destroying currant worms, 4 61

" Pruning, 1 00
« Picking and selling 694 qts. at 3^, 24 29

Total expense, $73 94

Cr. by 694 qts., sold at 8 to 10 cents, 59 94

Currants Dr. to balance of expense, 14 00

Balance of expense per acre, 80 29
Crop per acre, 3980 qts.

Value of crop per acre, $343 74

Respectfully submitted,

Amos Haseltine.

GRAIN CROPS.

The Committee on Grain Crops have attended to their
duties and present the following report : The number of
fields entered for premiums were ten, viz., one of rye, by
Mr. James J. H. Gregory of Marblehead, one of oats by
Messrs. C. K. Ordway & Son, of West Newbury, one of
buckwheat, by Mr. Stephen A. Jacques of West Newbury,
and seven entries of corn, viz., Mr. C. W. Nelson, New-
buryport, Mr. John C. Tarleton, West Newbury, Mr.
Nathan Longfellow, Groveland, Mr. Marcus Holt, An-
dover, Mr. H. M. Killam, West Boxford, Messrs. C K.
Ordway & Son, West Newburj-, and Mr. Stephen A.
Jacques, West Newbury.

The committee would recommend the following awards:

To James J. H. Gregory of Marblehead, crop of

rye, first premium, $7 00

8;

To C. K. Ordway & Son of West Newbury, crop

of oats, first premium, 7 00

To C. W. Nelson of Newburyport, crop of corn,

first premium, 7 00

To John C. Tarleton of West Newbury, crop of

corn, second premium, 4 00

As will be seen by the statements submitted the yield of
eorn on the various fields visited by your committee was
unusually large, — it being seldom that a piece of ground
produces one hundred and twenty-eight bushels of shelled
corn per acre, as did that entered by Mr. C. W. Nelson of
Newburyport. The variety which he planted was the
result of a cross made by himself, between an early and a
late kind, and which he has developed to a remarkable
degree of perfection. The ears were very large, the
kernels of unusual size, very regularly arranged and pre-
sented a handsome appearance. The stalks were not as
large as in some fields which were visited, — the ears being
produced nearer the ground.

Very nearly approaching the field of Mr. Nelson, was
that of Mr. John C. Tarleton of West Newbury, which
yielded one hundred and twenty-two bushels of corn per
acre. One thing which we particularly noticed, was the
unusual height of the stalks, some of the ears being six and
one half feet from the ground, thus producing a large
<jrop of fodder in addition to the grain.

The field of corn entered by Mr. Nathan Longfellow of
Groveland is deserving of mention as being . in many re-
spects in close competition with those already mentioned.
Had his corn been grown in hills as near together as
Avere Mr. Tarleton's, it is probable that the yield would
have been as large.

In all three cases above described the natural condition
oi the soil was considerably better than the average farm-
ing land in Essex County.

88

The field of corn entered by Mr. Marcus Holt, of An-
dover, presented a fine appearance, some of the ears ex-
ceeding fourteen inches in length. As Mr. Holt has not
sent in a statement, the actual yield is not known to the
committee.

In an ordinary year, the crop of corn entered by Mr. H.
M. Killam of West Boxford, would be considered of special
merit. The ears were of good size and well ripened at the
time of our visit. The variety was the " Angel of Mid-
night."

The crop of corn entered by Messrs. C. K. Ordway &
Son, of West Newbury, was grown on land of a gravelly
nature, much like that of Mr. Killam. The corn was of
good quality and well eared, but there were some missing
hills caused b}^ the depredations of the birds in the spring.
The variety was Ordway's Improved.

Mr. Stephen A. Jacques of West Newbury, entered a
field of corn which he had planted late and fertilized with
hen manure. The piece looked well when visited by the com-
mittee but as Mr. Jacques has not sent in a statement the
committee are unable to report fully upon it. The crops
were nearly all visited by the larger part of the committee.
We desire to express our thanks for the kindness and
courtesy which were extended to us.
Res^DCctfully submitted,

Frederick A. Russell, for the Committee.

STATEMfiNT OF J. J. H. GREGORY, CROP OF RYE.

The piece of rye entered for premium, was on land on,
which onion seed had been raised the three previous sea-
sons. It had been liberally manured these seasons, receiv-
ing on an average 8 cords of stable manure, and 500 lbs. of
fertilizer per acre, which contained about 6 per cent,
nitrogen, 6 per cent. phos. acid and 10 per cent, potash. It

89

was planted early in September of 1894, two bushels of seed
being sown broad-cast to the acre. The soil was well worked
with wheel and acme harrow, until there was a good seed bed.
The crop lodged more or less, making it necessary to cut
part of it with a scythe. Owing to the lodging all the
straw was not cut close to the ground. Though one bushel
to the acre is the rule when rye is planted for grain, and
two when planted to raise green fodder or hay, yet in a
practice extending over several years, I find that when the
land is rich in plant food, two bushels is not too heavy seed-
ing for grain, provided grass seed is not sown with it, in
which case it would be likely to smother it. True, where
so heavily seeded, it will at times, lodge more or less, but
not to the injury of the grain to any marked degree, while
by using the scythe on the lodged portion, nearly all the
straw can be secured and in the hands of a skillful mower
be so landed as to admit of being made into bundles as
readily as though cradled. The debit and credit of the
crop is about as follows :

I)r.

Plowing and harrowing of an acre.

Seed (two bushels) and sowing.

Acme harrowing in of seed.

Cradling and mowing,'

Bundling,

Hauling and threshing by horse power.

Winnowing,

Baling and marketing of straw.

Value of potash taken by straw and grain,

" " phos. acid taken by straw and grain,
Interest on land.

As the nitrogen would otherwise waste it is not
charged ($18.42) against the crop,

Total Dr. t37 71

14 00

2

50

1

00

1

50

2

00

6

25

2

00

8

50

2

34

3

12

4

50

90

Cr.

41 7-9 bushels grain, |41 77

8936 lbs straw, at 115, 29 52

•171 29
37 71

Profit, $33 58

J. J. H. Gregory.

I hereby certify that the land on which the crop of rye
for premiums was raised, was measured by me, and con-
tained 49,200 squaie feet; that the grain from it by the
standard of weight lequired by the rules of the Essex
Agricultural Society was 47 bushels, and the straw weighed
4405 lbs. which would be at the rate of 41 7-9 bushels of
rye and 8936 lbs. of straw per acre.

Ausr. 15, 1895. Edgar Gregory.

STATEMENT OF C. K. ORDWAY & SON, CROP OF OATS.

1893. This piece of land was in grass.

1894. It was plowed ten inches deep with three horses,
harrowed six cords of barnyard manure to the acre, spread
broadcast, harrowed and planted with corn.

1895." The corn hills were split with a Randall harrow,
plowed seven inches deep, harrowed and sowed to oats, three
bushels to the acre, without manure or fertilizer of any kind.

Seed White Dutch Oats of my own raising.

The soil sandy loam.

COST OF CROP.

To plowing and harrowing, $3 00

Sowing, harrowing and smoothing.

Seed oats,

(^'utting with machine.

Drawing and storing.

Threshing and winnowing,

$18 00

8

00

1

50

5

00

1

00

4

50

91

■ Qr.

By 56 bushels of oats, 128 00

'^ straw 1 ton, 8 00

136 00
Profit, 'fl8 00

56 bushels to the acre,

Respectfully submitted,

C. K. Ordway & SoK.

STATEMENT OF CORN CROP RAISED AT CITY FARM,
NEWBURYPORT. ENTERED BY CHARLES W. NELSON.

The land was run-out field land. Ploughed in October,
1894, without manure. Six cords stable or horse manure
to the acre spread on and harrowed in April, 1895.

Marked three feet, ten inches each way, furrowed four
inches deep. 500 lbs. Bowker's Fertilizer put in the hill..
Planted May 19th, with " Nelson's Prolific Corn." Hoed
twice, cultivated three times. Cut and stooked Sept.
15-18th. Husked October 20 to 25th. The amount on
the acre was 9216 lbs. corn on the ear ; 128 bushels of 72
lbs. to the bushel. The corn shells 56 lbs. of corn from
72 lbs. of ears at time of husking.

COST OF CROP.

Ploughing, $3 00

Harrowing,

Planting and seed.

Hoeing,

Cutting and shocking

Husking and teaming.

Value of manure.

Fertilizer,

$68 00

3

00

4

00

3

00

4

00

6

00

36

00

9

00

92

VALUE OF CROP.

3 tons stover,

121 00

Value of corn,

57 00

Manure in ground.

20 00

, -198 00
The above statement is correct.

Respectfully submitted,

C. W. Nelson.

Newburyport, Mass., Sept., 1895.
This is to certif}^ that I have measured the land for C.
W. Nelson, on which the corn grew that he entered for
premium. It contains one acre.

O. L. Kent.

This is to certify that I have weighed the crop of corn
raised by C. W. Nelson, and find it to contain 128 hushels
of 72 lbs. to the bushel.

Geo. O. Kent.

STATEMENT OF CROP OF CORN RAISED BY .lOHX C.
TARLETON, WEST NEWBURY, MASS.

The piece of corn I enter for premium, contains one
acre and sixty-two rods.

The crop of 1894 was grass. Yield about one ton to
the acre. It had not been manured for 20 years. Clay
soil. It was ploughed about the 10th of May, and a coat
of SIX cords of manure to the acre was ploughed in and
well harrowed.

It was planted the 23rd day of May with ten (puirts of
corn to the acre, of my own raising, of the Longfellow
variety. The hills were 3 feet apart one ^vay and 3i the
other, five kernels of corn to each hill, 400 lbs. of
Bradley's X. L. Superphosphate to the acre, was used in
the hills. It was cultivated three times one way with

93

horse, and hoed twice by hand. It was gathered and
husked Oct. 10th to 20th, and the amount of corn was
11,844 lbs. or 8536 lbs. to acre. 122 bushels shelled corn
to acre.

Estimated cost per acre :

Plousrhincr

Harrowing and furrowing,

Planting and seed.

Cultivating and hoeing,

Gathering and husking,

Manure,

Value of fertilizer,

174 50
The above statement is respectfully submitted,

John C. Tarleton.

West Newbury, Oct. 1, 1895.
I hereby certify that I measured the land on which the
€orn grew which John C. Tarleton has entered for a pre-
mium and it contained one acre and sixty-two rods.

Wm. Merrill.

12 00

3

00

3

00

4

50

12

00

45

00

5

00

REPORT OF DELEGATE FROM THE STATE
BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.

The Essex County Agricultural Society held its show
this year in the City of Haverhill, Sept. 18th, 19th and
20th. This Society has had no grounds of its own for ex-
hibition purposes, but has held its shows at different points
in the county as circumstances seemed favorable. This
society has an endowment fund which together with what
it receives from the state has enabled it to pay fairly good
premiums for many years. But for the last few years it
has been becoming more and more apparent that the Soci-
ety must either largely reduce its premiums, or its endow

94

ment fund would soon be exhausted. After careful delib-
eration it was decided at the last annual meeting of the
society to locate in some favorable place, and procure
grounds and erect suitable buildings, etc.

I believe this to be a step in the right direction, for this
society has been holding its fairs at a great disadvantage
for some years past. Many of these disadvantages were
very apparent at the last fair. The grounds used for the
exhibition of live stock, farm implements, etc., were out
some two miles from the city, made accessible by an elec
trie road. The grounds were not fenced, and of course no
admittance fee was charged. The show of Cattle was very
slim, as they were required to be kept on the grounds dur-
ing the fair, and no protection from the storms provided.
The bt;st cattle were kept at home. There was a large
entry of horses and colts, for which shed stalls were pro-
vided. If the grounds had afforded a suitable place for
them to have been shown it would have added greatly to
the interest of the fair. There was a goodly number of
sheep and quite a large number of swine. The poultry
occupied a tent and was a first class show. A large tent
protected a fine exhibit of farm implements, etc.

Working horses, and oxen, were tested the second day
of the fair on one of the streets near the fairground. They
were shown on a loaded wagon which they moved up and
down a not very steep grade. No cruelty was shown. A
very interesting feature of the last da,j, was the plowing
match. Some excellent work was done.

The show in the City Hall was something to be proud
of. Every available space ) was filled and many exhibits
were packed away and could not be shown for want of
space. The fruit exhibit was not only large but of excel-
lent quality. The hall was crowded with visitors who were
unanimous in their verdict that it was the best display
ever made by this society. Grains, seeds and vegetables
were shown in a tent just outside the hall. I found it

95

filled to overflowing. Many of the exhibits would liave
been hard to match anywhere.

The annual address was delivered by Hon. W. S. Knox,
in the Centre Church. Subject: — A Diversified ^Industry
most favorable to Freedom and Progress. Following the
address, was the annual banquet served in Tanner's hall,
and as the proof of the pudding is the eating thereof, we
pronounced it a success. After the banquet some good
singing and speech making was in order.

In closing I would say that this Society is doing^mnch
good work in offering liberal premiums for farm improve-
ments, field crops, etc., etc.

Respectfully submitted,

G. C. Rowley.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

The Society held three Institutes the past year on as
many different days, forenoon and afternoon, at which
the following subjects were offered by carefully prepaied
essays and discussed by any and all present.

The first meeting was at Topsfield, Friday, January 25,
1895. Subject for the forenoon, " Fruit growing and
small fruits ; and how spraying increases the profits."
Afternoon subject, " Flowers and the flower garden."
Prof. S. T. Maynard of the Massachusetts Agricultural
College spoke on both the above subjects. Followed by
Francis H. Appleton on the subject " Agriculture and
Trade."

The second institute was held at Parker Hall, Newbury,
Friday, February 15th, subject both forenoon and after-
noon, " Tuberculosis " by Hon. William R. Sessions, Sec-
retary of the State Board of Agriculture.

The third institute was held at Beverly, Friday, March
8th, the subject for forenoon and afternoon was, " Cattle
and cattle feeds " by Prof. William E. Brooks, Agricultur-

96

ist, at the State Agricultural College. There was a good
attendance at all the meetings, the subjects were interest-
ing and those f)resent entered into the discussion quite
freely and drew out facts from the essayist and others that
were oE value to all intei-ested in the different subjects.

REPORT OF DELEGATES TO OTHER SOCIETIES.

By invitation the exhibitions of the Houghton Horticul-
tural Society at Lynn and of the Amesbury and Salisbury
Society held at Amesbury, beginning Sept. 24th, were
visited by some of your delegates.

That at Amesbury was a complete success in every respect.
Each department was well represented, by the choicest prod-
ucts of the flower garden, vegetable garden and field culture,
the orchard in products of apples, pears and other fruits,
notable works of art, and woman's handiwork, in fine
needle work, rugs, mats, quilts, and also specimens of
bread, cake, preserves, etc., filling to overflow ihe
hall, and an annexed tent. The building for the exhibi-
tion of cattle, horses, sheep, swine, and poultry, was also
filled with first class animals in each department. An im-
portant and popular feature of the Amesbury and Salisbury
Society Cattle Show, is the grand parade about the town,
which is led by mounted marshals, a band of music, followed
by carriages for oflicials and invited guests, then an ox-
team of some 20 yoke of noble oxen (such as Avould be
difficult to get together in any other section of the county),
drawing an immense, highly decorated wagon, loaded with
the beautiful young ladies, gayly dressed, of the Society
then follow business floats, with various devices advertis-
ing their calling. This parade attracts everybody in town,
and their friends from out of town, to the sti'eets, on the
line of march.

The dinner served in the upper story of the exhibition
building, by the ladies of the Society, is another attractive

97

feature of this Cattle Fair, 'as it is made a very social gath-
ering of friends. It may well be said that the conduct of
this Society's annual exhibitions is successful, by remain-
ing true to the legitimate object of an Agricultural Fair.
It offers an object lesson for careful study of all the best
products of the farmer's efforts, it affords an opportunity for
free social enjoyment, it interests the whole people,
and its success refutes completely that common ex-
pression, that cq.ttle shows must have outside attrac-
tions, such as can better be seen at a dime museum, all
sorts of games of chance in order to encourage our boys
and young men to gamble, various monstrosities, and other
exhibitions of doubtful moral influence. What a disgrrace"
ful commentary this is, upon the intelligence and morality
of the farmers and others of Massachusetts.

The Houghton Horticultural Society, at Lynn, has here-
tofore confined its annual exhibitions to fruits and flowers.
This year it extended its scope by adding woman's work,
such as fancy needle work, and domestic manufactures.
Its show of fruits and flowers this year was hardly excelled
anywhere, except by that of the Massachusetts Horticul-
tural Society, at Boston. That this Society has exerted a
great influence in its special line cannot be doubted, for the
city of Lynn is a perfect bower of foliage and flowers dur-
ing the season, and we know full well that a large portion
of our first premiums on fruit go to Lynn.

And furthermore unquestionably the existence of Lynn
Public Park, is one of the results of the influence of the
Houghton Horticultural Society. This park contains over
1000 acres of land, closely adjoining the city proper, it is
covered with a natural growth of trees of all varieties in-
digenous to our locality. A large artificial pond of many
acres has been formed by the construction of dams, which
affords a water supply for the city. Many miles of ex-
cellent roads have been built through valleys and over high

98

hills, which are interspersed with huge boulders. This
park is approached by electric cars from two sides, affording
a most delightful retreat for the public and of easy access.
A good parent is and ought to be proud of the success of
its children, without jealousies or heart-burning, so, we the
Essex Agricultural Society, feel rejoiced at the success and
prosperity of our children, and bid them God speed.

Benjamin P. Ware, delegate.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FARMS.

The only entry for the premium on farms was made by
Mr. Oliver Roberts of Danvers. His statement of the im-
provements and crops of the farm is attached as a part of
this report. And from careful observation and investiga-
tion made by the committee at visits made in June and
October, we feel sure that his statements are not over-
drawn. Mr. Roberts with his two sons, have given evi-
dence of their persistent energy and industry, and have
shown what may be done on an ordinary small farm of
forty acres, with no unusual natural advantages, and the
larger half of what had been considered waste land, thir-
teen acres of which was low, wet land yielding only coarse
meadow grass of little or no value, and ten acres of old
pasture mainly covered with rocks, bushes and some trees,
and the balance of eighteen acres of old, worn out tillage
land, that had been skinned and starved immemorially, by
short tenantcies, and in return had starved out the tenants,
as they deserved, so that it had become a by-word in the
neighborhood, that poverty and starvation was the inevita-
ble fate of all tenants who had ever occupied the farm.
And it was confidently predicted by all of the neighbors
that that would be the result of Mr. Roberts' purchase of it.

Mark the change. The pasture land has been cleared

99

of the rocks, bushes and trees, and made into a garden of
fine tilth, annually producing large crops of superior vege-
tables, that have gained a reputation in the market. The
meadow land has been drained and nearly all brought into
a very productive condition of cultivation yielding the
largest crop of either grass or vegetables, while the old
field of tillage land of eighteen acres has been changed from
an almost barren condition to one of fertility and profitable
production. The old buildings have been thoroughly
repaired and nicely painted, a new house built for the family
of one of his sons, a first class cellar built under the whole
of one of the barns, for storing onions and other vegetables.

These improvements have been made and the two fami-
lies supported, with a bank account showing a liberal bal-
ance on the Cr, side from the products of this forty-acre
farm. Mr. Roberts believes in a liberal application of
manure, and he applies it ; he believes in the use of com-
mercial fertilizers as a supplement, and he uses them ; he .
believes firmly in clean culture, and he so cultivates ; he
believes in the economy and necessity of first class improved
farm implements for saving labor, and he has them, also
some original ones of his own make, that are not in the
market. His horses and market wagons are of the best
quality and adaptability for the work required.

Mr. Roberts' farm experience affords an excellent example
of what may be accomplished on our New England farms and
even small ones, by the exercise of good judgment, good
habits, industry and perseverance, for certainly he started
under the most forbidding conditions of the land, and no
unusual natural advantages, he had only sufficient capital
for the purchase of the farm, all else has come from the farm
products. We heartily award him the premium of 820.00.
Respectfully submitted,

Benjamin P. V/are,

Asa T. Newhall, > Committee.

John M. Danforth, )

lOO

STATEMENT OF OLIVER ROBERTS, OF DAN VERS.
To the Cortimittee on Farms: —

Gentlemen, I herewith submit tlie following statement r
The farm which I enter for premium, of Essex Agri-
cultural Society, was purchased by me in April, 1878.
It was then in a run-down, worn-out condition, containing
forty-one acres, having been occupied by no one as tenant
or owner for more than seven years at a time, for at least
thirty years previous. The buildings were badly out of
repair, and the general aspect of the place presented a dis-
couraging prospect. The farm was divided about as
follows on the " Town Valuation Books.'''' Tillage, 18 acres ;
pasture, 10 acres ; meadow, 13 acres. The pasture, with
the growth of wood on it, covering about three acres, has
been cleared of rocks, stumps and roots, and is used, a
large part of it, in growing onions and other crops, the
balance being in grass. The meadow, which had never
been ploughed before, and on which nothing but wild grass
grew, has the most of it been ploughed, and is now bearing
a good crop of English hay. We have some two acres of
cabbages on part of it this year. The buildings have been
repaired and some additions made, including cellar under
barn, 40 x 60 feet, the whole now presenting quite a
respectable appearance. The crops we grow mostly are
potatoes, onions, carrots, cabbage, beets, parsnips, tomatoes,
dandelions, etc. We grew this year, as near as I can esti-
mate, 3,500 bushels of onions, 2,000 bushels of iDotatoes,
25 tons carrots, 300 bushels of beets, 500 bushels of toma-
toes. We have about three acres of cabbage which are
fair, although they have suffered from blight considerably-
Our potatoes, some of them, rotted badly, and we probably
lost at least 500 bushels by it.

We cut from twenty to twenty-five tons of hay. For
stock we have five horses and two cows on farm. We use
from 150 to 200 cords of manure, besides what we make

lOI

on the farm, and buy from four to six tons of fertilizer, and
.some years we bu}^ a car of ashes from Canada.

As to the profits in farming I will say that we have got
a living so far, and in some years have been able to save
something, but since the change was made in 1892 in the
financial condition and prospects of the country, the result
has not been very flattering, I think, to the farmers, any
more than to any other class.

Respectfully submitted,

Oliver Roberts.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FOREST TREES.

Mr. P. A. True, of Salisbury, entered for premium his row
of fifteen Rock Maple trees. These trees were trans-
planted from a natural swamp growth fifteen years ago,
and set fifteen feet apart beginning at the highway, and on
a line back into his field by his house, and bordering on a
well kept lawn in front of the house, making a good wind-
break, and highly ornamental from the highway and his
grounds. They have made a good growth and are in a
healthy condition. Measuring about eight inches in diam-
eter and 30 feet high, their branches meet between the
trees, making a dense shade, while at this stage of their
growth they appear to good advantage at the distance of
fifteen feet apart, but very much too near together for fu'
ture development.

Your committee are of the opinion that for ornamental
purposes, either on the highway or on jjrivate grounds such
trees as maples, elms, and other large growing trees should
be at least fifty feet apart, in order to give room to devel-
op in their natural proportions, especially on highways
too close planting is objectionable, as they keep the road-
way wet and heavy. The committee were highly pleased

I02

with Mr. True's plantation of ornamental trees, his well-
kept lawn about his spacious nicely painted house and farm
buildings, by the whole of which they were favorably im-
pressed with the general appearance of thrift and comfort,
that prevailed in a marked degree, in this Essex Count}'-
farmer's home.

The committee award him the premium of $8.00.
Respectfully submitted,

Benjamin P. Ware, / ,-.

C. C. Blunt, 1 ^^'«^^^^^^^

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON ESSAYS AND
FARM ACCOUNTS.

The Committee received this year three essays for con-
sideration. The premiums offered by the Trustees admit
of awards to two only, which they have made as follows:

To Mr. Sumner Perkins, of Danvers, for essay on "Cul-
ture of the Plum," $10

To J. W. Goodell, M. D., of Lynn, for essay on "The
Cow, its Uses and Abuses," $8-

To George A. Rogers, of the Cochichewick farm, North
Andover, for actual accounts of crops of squashes and
potatoes raised in 1894, 18

Respectfully,

G. L. Streeter, Chairman.

Committee : — G. L. Streeter, Salem ; D. E. Safford,
Hamilton ; N. M. Hawkes, Lynn ; G. B. Blodgett, Rowley ;
J. M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

PLUM CULTURE.

The culture of the plum is both pleasant and profitable,,
for it is a most delicious fruit and meets with ready sale

I03

at good prices. It is far from the easiest fruit to grow to
perfection, as it is subject to evils which often prove very-
serious. While the pear does well with the most indiffer-
ent cultivation, the plum must receive careful attention
at critical periods, in order to prove satisfactory. There
is some compensation for this difference however, in the
relative values of the two fruits, for whereas it is frequent-
ly hard to dispose of pears at fifty cents per bushel, good
plums are worth two to three dollars a bushel.

SOIL.

One of the first matters to be considered in connection
with plum culture is that of soil. Good results may be
expected upon any good, rich loam, that has been well-
cultivated ; but this fruit prefers rather heavy ground, that
is moist and bordering on a clay. Of course it is under-
stood the soil devoted to orcharding should in all cases have
good drainage, either natural or artificial, since no tree
will do its best with its feet (roots) perpetually wet. The
piece of land, which is to produce plums had best be cul-
tivated thoroughly in hoed crops, like corn and potatoes,
for at least a couple of years previous to setting the young
trees. By following this method the soil becomes mellow
by frequent tillage, and rich through several applications
of manure or fertilizer. It should be plowed finally to a
good depth just before setting the trees.

VARIETIES AND TIME OF PLANTING.

We have the European and Japanese varieties of plums.
The latter have been planted in this section of country only
a few years. However they appear to be most promising,
since they are of extra vigorous growth, enormous yielders of
fine fruit, and comparatively little troubled by the curculio.
Six Japanese trees (Abundance) we planted last fall,
have all made a fine growth for one season, many shoots

I04

being fullj four or five feet long. Of the European viU'i-
eties the Lombard has been most generally planted in this
county. It is a heavy yielder, but the fruit is not first-
class in quality. A list of the best European plums should
include Reine Claud, Lombard, Bradshaw, Imperial Gage,
Coe's Golden Drop, and German Prune. Abundance,
Burbank, Satsuma and Ogon are four standard Japanese
kinds.

Early autumn is the very best time to set plum trees,
from the last of September to the middle of October. There
are several considerations why the autumn is better than
spring for planting hardy fruit trees in localities of moder-
ate exposure. The soil in the fall is mellow, not wet, and
hence easily worked. It is also warm, so as to encourage
the formation of new roots, soon after the young tree is
set. This is a jlecided advantage, for the tree has a hold
upon the soil, and is ready for growth at the first approach
of spring. Furthermore in the fall, the nurserj-men have
full stocks on hand, from which selections may be made ;
and they are usually ready to quote lower prices than they
could be prevailed upon to make in the spring.

SETTING THE TllEE.

There was a good deal of wisdom expressed in the advice
once given, to put a fifty cent tree into a dollar hole.

The moral is to spare no pains in preparing the hole.

Dig it broad and deep. It should be broader than the
full span of the roots and deeper than the tree is to set.
Loosen the subsoil but do not bring much of it to the sur-
face. After trimming the tree (that is, cutting off smoothly
any broken roots and heading in the shoots by removing
from one-third to one-half of their entire lengths, to restore
the equilibrium between top and roots), place a few inches
of rich black soil in the l)ottom of the hole, so as to bring
the tree, when placed in position, at about the same depth

I05

in the ground as it originally stood in the nursery row.
Then place the tree in the hole with roots carefully spread
to cover as much soil as possible, and work the mellow soil
down about all the roots so that the entire root system is
closely packed with earth and no air spaces are left in the
soil. Leave the soil a. little higher around the tree than
the general level of the surface so as to allow something
for the settling of the loose earth. Finally, apply a good
deep mulch of coarse manure, hay, or straw. This will
keep the soil temperature about the roots more uniform
and prevent repeated freezing and thawing of the ground
in winter. However, if there is any danger of mice gnaw-
ing the bark, better leave no litter whatever near the tree
to afford a lurking place for the pests, but heap up a
smooth, hard mound of earth, allowing it to rise a foot or
so in height and come to a point around the tree trunk, in
shape like a cone.

TILLAGE AND FERTILIZATION.

The soil about plum trees should receive thorough culti'
vation every summer season. Weeds and grass growing
rankly among fruit trees are obviously out of place. Neg-
lected plum trees are especially afflicted with the disease
of black wart. The plum, of all fruits, will not endure
slipshod culture.

The trees need fertilization every year, preferably in the
fall of the year; and unleached wood ashes and ground
bone are among the best manures for this purpose. Mix
these two ingredients in the proportion of one ton of ashes
to five hundred pounds of bone, and apply a liberal dress-
ing every year, and plums of the best quality should be
obtained.

ENEMIES OF THE PLUM.

The greatest enemies of successful plum culture today
are the black wart and the curculio.

io6

The black wart is the term applied to the huge, unsightly
excrescence, that is so familiar to all and is caused by the
growth of a fungus that feeds upon the juices of the bark
of the plum and wild cherry. As it spreads very rapidly,
nothing is to be allowed near the plum orchard that will
harbor it. Cut down all wild cherry trees and bushes^
upon which it may be seen growing ; and remove it as fast
as it makes an appearance upon the plum tree. Cut it off
of the limbs with a sharp knife, being careful to get it
entire and then see to it that it is immediately burned.
The wound is to be painted with a mixture of Venetian
Red and kerosene oil prepared to about the same stiffness
as ordinary paint. It is highly important to secure con-
certed action among all farmers and fruit growers to pre-
vent the ravages of the black wart, for a single, careless
grower may, bj his neglect, seed an entire neighborhood
to the pest.

The curculio, or " Little Turk," as it is popularly
termed, is a small, black insect, which, as soon as the-
blossoms fall and the fruit begins to swell, makes a business
of cutting a crescent shaped incision in each plum, into
which an egg is inserted v/hich duly hatches into a small
worm, which by its growth sooner or later causes the fruit
to fall prematurely to the ground. Spraying the trees with
Paris Green (one pound to two hundred and fifty gallons
of water), is a partial remedy ; but far from wholly reliable,
as it has been found that the curculio dies very slowly and
will live to sting many fruits even after it has imbibed a
sufficiency of poison to ultimately cause its death.

The surest remedy is to go around early every mornings
and jar each tree, after placing a sheet beneath the tree
for the curculios to fall upon. They are then dropped
into a pail of kerosene and subsequently burned. In the
early morning the curculios are very sluggish and readily
drop to the ground from the effects of a jar. The jarring

I07

process needs usually to be continued for two weeks after
the blossoms have fallen. Much has been said about the
benefits of planting plum trees in poultry yards and runs.
No doubt it is a favorable location, as the manure of the
fowl is a valuable fertilizer and the birds will do something
toward checking the curculio ; but it will hardly be found
prudent to depend upon the fowl to catch and devour all
the curculio. The owner must do something toward it
himself.

CONCLUSION.

There can be no question but that every small country
place or large farm is improved in appearance and value
by the planting and careful tending of a variety of fruit
trees, among which the plum holds a front rank. The
planting of large areas to plums as a commercial venture
is of course another thing, and one that would hardly be
practicable in the majority of circumstances. It is there-
fore in the former sense that we would call attention tO'
plum culture and recommend the planting of this fruit
tree to the end that farm life may be still more enjoyable
and furnish additional luxuries.

THE COW : ITS USES AND ABUSES.

In past years, the horse has been considered the most
valuable and necessary of man's animal servants. But
since the advent of electricity, and all the varied uses to
which it has been put, also the very general use of the bi-
cycle for purposes of travel, whether for business or pleas-
ure, the ordinary horse is fast falling to the rear, and
the cow coming to the front, as the animal most necessary
to the general wants of mankind, justly demanding his
earnest attention and care. When w^e consider that
pure, honest milk is one of the most perfect foods in exis-

io8

tence, and all of its various products, so essential to the
peace and harmony of every well regulated household, we
must willingly grant to the cow her just and well earned
position.

Breeds. — The Bovine race is divided into many different
families, and is to l)e selected from, according to the differ-
ent purposes for which they are desired, whether it be
Beef, Milk, Butter or Cheese.

Probably nine-tenths of all cows in Essex County are
kept for the sole purpose of raising milk, to be sold in the
market as such. The pure breeds of fancy stock are too
expensive for the ordinary farmer. Even we are told that
an entire herd of Holsteins although great milkers, will
not yield the necessary amount of solids, which the law
requires, a mingling of other breeds being necessary to
produce the lawful standard. Our dairymen have learned
by experience that judicious crossing is the best method
to produce the desired result.

The young farmer, not having the ready money to pur-
chase, desires to raise up and enlarge his herd from year to
year. The problem which confronts him is, what assurance
has he that he can accomplish his object.

We are constrained to believe that there are certain laws
of the animal kingdom which hold true, not only in the
human, but among domestic animals as well, which is,
that the general characteristics of feature, temperament,
and complexion of the father, are to be found in the female,
and of the mother in the male offspring. Working on
these lines we should expect to accomplish the desired
result.

Having a good healthy cow of extra milking qualities,
we should seek a sire, whose dam was an extra good milker,
and the chances are that the offspring Avould develop like
qualities. Where both antecedents possess those qualities,
the chances are so much the better.

I09

Rearing. — Good healthy calves should never be allowed'
to stop growing. Should remain with the dam until alL
danger of inflammation of the bag is passed. Very soon
after being taught to drink they will lap meal, such as
ground oats and oil cake. With a little extra care and
feed your yearling will be as large and fully developed as
the ordinary two year old, and you have thereby saved
whole year's keeping, and have a superior animal. Being
used to being handled and petted will the more likely
make gentle and tractable cows.

Usefulness. The ordinary heifer enters the daijy during
her third year. Arrives at her best when six or seven,
and declines more or less rapidly after eight years of age.
Every cow should be allowed to go dry for two or more
months, at each j)eriod of gestation, and have her grain
ration materially lessened until near the period of parturi-
tion, when a little feed of roots with ground oats and oil
meal will improve her appetite and general health.

Care. — In order to produce good, pure milk, the prem-
ises must be kept in a thoroughly sanitary condition, and
the cows have in abundance all those elements, which not
only go to give a bountiful supply of milk, but keep the
cow in perfect health as well. In summer a full sup-
ply of fresh grass, supplemented by more or less grain
while giving milk, and free access to fresh running water.

How seldom do we ever hear of any systematic attempt
being made to improve the cow pasture, from which has
been taken crop after crop without any return, even for
centuries. Brush and briers cover the lowlands, and white
top the sidehills. Building and keeping up fences around
three or four times as much land as needed, if it were only
kept cleaned up, and have an occasional dressing of Phos-
phate, Plaster, Ground-hone atid Wood-ashes in part pay-
ment for the yearly robbery which has been going on these
many years, unmolested. A few slieep with the cows

I lO

would be most useful in keeping down the brush, and
would not materially lessen the cow's rations.

Housing. — Having a herd of good cows, and the pasture
well put in order, let us turn our attention to the arrange-
ments of the stable. If possible select a site gently slop-
ing to the south or east, and at respectable distance from
the house. Put in a good, high cellar with well cemented
walls and bottom, for be it known that it is both thrift
and economy for the farmer to save and utilize all of every
kind of fertilizer produced on the farm ; with a well cemented
cellar, and an ample supply of asorbents, this object will
best be attained.

The cellar is never to he used as a stable, and should be
well ventilated up through the roof. Build upon this
foundation a strong substantial building with not less than
eighteen feet posts, let them be more rather than less, a
few extra feet will give much extra capacity, and cost no
more to keep covered, also will add to the general health
and comfort of the occupants.

Let the stable run the entire length of the south side,
being ten feet deep. Cover tightly with good, solid planks.
Cut more planks six or seven feet long, and place tightly
together, running under the crib, and also that portion
where the cow is to stand, place these last planks at a
slight decline towards the rear of the stable, by a firm
blocking under the crib end. Let your scaffold be not
less than eight or nine feet above. Place timbers in front
of the crib, and overhead to hold stanchions which are to
be made of gas pipe with a coarse screw cut on the lower
end of each piece. Run the smooth end up through the
top timber, slip on your chain, screw the thread end into
the base with pipe tongs, and your creature is safely and
comfortably secured. You will bear in mind that our cows
are not going to stand in the stocks for any of the sins of
past generations of the Bovine race, or to encourage lazi-
ness in her attendants.

1 1 1

-Let the crib be eighteen inches wide at the bottom with
a slanting side next the feeding floor. Lath the inside,
and plaster with good, strong cement, and you will have
a crib which will always be smooth and easily kept sweet
and clean. Space off your stalls 3 to 4 feet wide, according
to the size of your cows. Place a solid partition 2 ft.
wide between each two stalls in front of the stanchions.
The crib is to be divided by sliding doors three feet high,
each door being fitted to the bottom of the crib, secured
by cleats, and attached by a chain to a gas pipe, running
the whole length of the stable, and furnished with crank
and ratchet. When this crank is turned, all the doors will
be lifted out of the wa}'-, and the crib easily swept or
washed out as may be necessary.

Light. — The cow, if she could speak, when asked what
she most desired, would most assuredly answer '■^More
Light.'''' And in answer to her request, let at least one-
third of the front of the stable be made of glass, kept
clean. If you were stopping at a hotel a,nd were put into
a dark bedroom, there would be very likely to be some
lively kicking in the morning, when paying the bill. She
pays her bills both night and morning, and without kick-
ing ; give her accommodations according to her returns.

The upper portion of the windows should be hung on
Mnges for local ventilation, but the general system of
ventilation will be at the top of the roof, so adjusted as to
IdQ opened and shut by ropes on the floor, as the outside
temperature may demand. Let the covering of the stable
be not only rain, but wind proof.

Yard. — Let the yard be ample for daily exercise, in the
free sunshine, without which no creature can long remain
in good health. The unobstructed rays of the sun are our
most potent remedies for the destruction of all kinds of
bacterial life.

Have large roomy sheds built on two sides of the yard.

I 12

meant only as windbreaks, but into which the cows will
go directly from the stable without exposure, in stormy
weather.

Have running water under one shed and salt under the
other, to which access is to be had whenever the cow so
desires. Keep these sheds well littered with coarse hay and
straw, where the cow may lie down to chew her cud in con-
tentment.

If running water is impracticable, a wind-mill and tank
should supply its place. The custom of a stream of water
running through the cribs we do not deem the most healthy
and judicious method, it is open to serious objections. An
abundant supply of pure water is one of the most essential
elements in a well regulated dairy. Success lies only in
the way where absolute cleanliness abides.

Feeding. — While a cow runs to pasture she can select
such food as nature requires and best suits her taste, but
when brought to the stable, must needs take such as is
placed before her. By nature she is a ruminating animal
and naturally subsists upon coarse kinds of herbage found
in the field, which needs to be ground over a second time.
The more the food is chewed the more saliva is mingled
with it to aid its digestion. But where she is fed largeljr
on ensilage, brewers sprouts, soft mashes, cotton seed meal
and sometimes streamed food, the same amount of rumina-
tion is not required, is not carried on, and less amount
of saliva is produced to mingle with the food, and it is not
properly prepared for the digestive organs. The food
ferments instead and the excreta becomes loose and foamy.
These kinds of food may be cheap, stimulating, and cause
a great flow of milk, but we believe injurious to the general
health of the animal.

We believe more roots, more good sweet hay, and un-
fermented corn fodder would conduce to the usefulness
and general sound health of the cows. The judicious and

113

economical feeding of a herd of cattle is a matter of great
importance. It is not hoy's worh^ but rather a matter
demanding the best judgment and close attention to
detail, their appetites vary day by day requiring as much
food as they eat up clean and no more. No creature will
eat food that has lain in the crib and been breathed over
for hours, nor that which has lain on the floor and been
trampled on. Small rations, and often repeated, are best.

Grooming . — The daily grooming of cows is of quite as
much importance as of horses, and should be attended to,
and the stable thoroughly cleaned each morn before milk-
ing, and after being turned into the yard, as they should
be every fair day, they will complete their toilet by
lajDping themselves, so far as they can, and changing
work by doing it for each other about the head and such
parts of the body as they are unable to reach themselves.
Beside the daily cleaning of the stable it should have, at
least two or three times a year, a more thorough renovation.
Prepare a strong solution of sulphate of iron, carbolic acid,
sulphur, and corrosive sublimate in water, and with your
spraying pump thoroughly spray every nook and corner,
except the cribs. Then give the same a good coat of
strong whitewash. The frequent use of land plaster and
road dust well sprinkled over the floors, will aid in cleanli-
ness and add much to the value of your fertilizer. I know
of no substance used for food so susceptible to the effect
of strong pungent odors as freshly drawn milk. It should
be always removed from the stable at once.

Milking. — Milking should be done each day by the same
person,' and at a regular hour of the day. A new milker
every day or two would dry up the best cow in the herd.
The best milker is he, who, in silence, does his work the
most gently, in the shortest time.

DeJiorni7ig. — Dehorning we look upon as one of the bar-
barous fads, brought about by the western cattle raiser,

114

whereby he can sandwich two or three more steers into a
car to send to the shambles.

Cows that are treated gently will, as a general rule,
treat each other in like manner. Brass balls on the horns
will prevent injury and add much to the looks of a good
herd of cows.

We are told in the good book, that " the Lord created
nothing in vain," and no exception is made as to cattle's
horns or horses" tails.

Tuberculosis. — Tuberculosis, the great scare of the
present time among dairymen, we believe to be the cause
of needless alarm and wanton destruction of valuable
stock. It is nothing new, but has existed more or less as
long as it has among the human family, showing new
names at different periods. We have not forgotten the
slaughter of manj^ valuable cattle during the Pluro-Pneu-
monia of some thirty odd years ago. We were invited and
Avere present at one of those sacrificial offerings. But the
autopsies developed nothing strange or alarming and the
fad soon died a natural death from exhaustion.

We do not believe that the slaughter of herds will ever
either cure or eradicate the disease. It is virtually trying
to kill the dog by cutting off the tail. Would it not display
more wisdom to seek the prime cause of these occasional
out-breaks, and make a well directed effort to remove that
cause. Would it not be better to try to improve the con-
ditions in which we find many herds of cows kept in low,
damp, dark, villianous smelling and totally unsanitary
stables, fed with the most unhealthy and stimulating
rations which they can be prevailed upon to devour, with
polluted water to drink.

We remember of visiting a high grade herd of cows,
which had not been suffered to go out of their stalls for
months, whose hoofs were grown out so that they turned
up like skates, and whose bodies could well be likened to a

1^5

lot of animated beer barrels, ivith elastic hoops. This herd
was kept especially to provide food for infants and invalids.,
and the M. Ds. received the cursings.

Tuberculin. — Tuberculin, the much vaunted diagnostic,
was discovered some years ago by one Dr. Coch, a Ger-
man, and heralded about the country as a sure cure for
the disease in the human. It was found not only unsat-
isfactory, but decidedly harmful to the patient. It died
from exposure, and was buried, but was resurrected to
prove that the poor cow was guilty of harboring a disease,
the penalty for which is death, not to herself alone but all
of those with whom she may liave associated, whether they
were possessed of devils or not.

We have grave doubts of its infallibility, and the greatest
good to the greatest number, both of cows and people,
would arrive from its second burial. For it will soon be
crowded out by a so-called discovery Qwe call it fad') which
is alread}^ heralded from far off Genoa. Probably it will
be termed Columbian, and an Italian physician is making
arrangements for a stand up battle between the two, unless
opposed b}^ the Mayor of Brooklyn and the Governor of
New York.

" Let us render unto Csesar the things that are Caesar's,"
and unto the cow a just protection.

ri6

FARM ACCOUNTS.

Actual Account of Potato Crop batsed at Cochtch-
EwiCK Fakm, No. Andover, Mass., ix 1894.

1894.

Dr.

potato field, no. 1,

Cr.

Apr.

May
May

27th. To plowing 39-40

of an acre, 5-2.95

May 1st. To hm-rowing same, LOO
May 1st. To 45 loads of mamire,

at 1.33 1-3, 60.00

May 4th. To 1 ton bone and

ashes, 15.00

May4tli. To 2 ba^s fertilizer, 4.00
May 4th. To 17 bushels seed

potatoes, 17.00

4th and 5th. Labor in

planting, 6.00

11th. To harrowing,

Thomas harrow, 1.00

June 4tli. To cultivating and

weeding, -J. 00

June 6th and Vtli. To labor

hand hoeing, 7.50

June 18th and 19th. Torecul-

tivating and hoeing, 10.00
June and Jul v. Paris Green

and labor, 5.00

Horse hoeing and

weeding, 2.50

Sept. 1st to 10th. To digging

432 bushels at 8c., 34.56

Sept. 10th. To interest on land, 6.0J

Sept. 1st to 10th. By 400 bu.

large Potatoes at 70c.,
By 32 bu. small Potatoes at

20c.,

,1280.00
6.40
used remaining in soil, .39.50

By h manure and fertilizer

Total, S325.90

Cost, 174.51

Profit on 1,56 Sq. rods, $151.39

Rate of profit per acre, $155.19

Yield per acre, 442.8 bushels.

Average cost per bu.shel, 31 5-20c.

Average profit per bushel, 35 l-20c.

July.

Total cost of crop, $174.51

The above crop was raised on well drained mellow meadow
land, on which a crop of corn was groAvn in 1893. This field
shows a satisfactory profit, because all conditions were right.
In marked contrast to the above figures are those of another
field raised by us the same season on dry loam. This field
was planted on fertilizer, without any barnyard manure and
the yield was materially reduced by the dry weather in July.
This latter field yielded at the rate of 116 bushels per acre.
After paying all expenses for cultivation, this field returned
enough money to allow 1^ cents per bushel for digging
or i cent less per bushel than I paid to get the work done.
Resj)ectfully submitted,

Geo. a. Rogers,

Farm Supt.

Actual Account of Squash Crop raised at Cochich-
EwiCK Farm, No. Andover, Mass., in 1894.

SQUASH FIELD.

Dr.

1894.
May 1st.

To plowing 2.3 acres
land,

May 1st to yth. To 45 loads
manure at $1.83 J,

May 9lli. To harrowing 2.3
acres land,

May ]2tli. To plantins Squash, 4 50

May 12tli. To (> lbs. seed, 6.00

May 12th. To 2 bags of fer-
tilizpr,

May 2()th. To cultivating and
lioeing.

June 1st to 12th. To cultivat-
ing, hoeing and Paris
green,

June 22. To cultivating, hoe-
ing and Paris tjreen,

July. To cultivating, hoeing
and Paris green,

Sept. lOih to 30th. To har-
vesting 20 tons Squash,

Sept. To interest on land,

■Sept. to Feb. To marketing

16 tons Squash, 32.00

$6.90
60.00

2.30

4.00
1.00

6.50
4.50

5.50

20.00
11.50

Or.

July '94 to Feb. '95.

By

16

tons of Squash sold,

245.50

By 4 tons Squash fed

stock

30.00

By 4 manure remaining

in

soil,

30.00

Total,

©305.50

Cost of crop,

164.70

Profit,

$140.80

Profit per acre.

61.21

Total cost of crop, $164.70

This crop of squash was raised as a secondary crop, two
TOWS of turnip beets, mangels or cabbage being grown
between each two rows of squash. The 2.3 acres produced
besides the squash 250 bushels of blood turnip beets valued
at $100.00, 125 bushels of mangels valued at 118.75 and
100 bbls. of cabbage valued at 850.00. The squash vines
grew very fast and got the start of the mangels and cab-
bage so that neither of the latter varieties yielded over
half what they would if the squash had been planted farther
apart.

Respectfully submitted,

Geo. a. Rogers,

Farm Supt.

ii8

REPORT ON NEW MEMBERS.

The total number of new members to Nov. 1st, 1895,
was twenty, including those who by receiving awards of
seven dollars or upwards became members under the rule
which deducts three dollars from each award to non mem-
bers for membership, which membership is for life, with-
out assessments, and entitles the member to a voice and
vote in the society's business, and a copy of its annual pub-
lication of its Transactions.

The following places furnished the new members :

Beverly 1 Hamilton 2

Danvers 1 Ljam 2

Georgetown 1 Peabody 9

Rowley 4

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON TREADWELL
FARM.

The Treadwell farm continues to be managed by John
M. Bradstreet, this being the second year of his four years
lease. His conduct of the farm has been fairly satisfactory
to the committee. It was arranged with him to make an
experiment in growing the potato crop, and his experiment
is herewith submitted, together with an account of the other
products of the farm, application of manure, etc.

" THE STATEMENT OF OUR EXPEllIMENTAL POTATO CROP
IS AS FOLLOWS :
A plot of land containing li acres was planted May 3rd
and 4th, with Beauty of Hebron potatoes (eastern seed)*
27 loads of stable manure were applied broadcast, and
300 lbs. Bowker's potato phosphate strewn in the furrow.
Seed dropped about 18 inches apart in rows 3 ft. and 3 in.

119

Furrowed and covered with a two-horse potato hiller. May
9th, brush harrowed crosswise. May 11th, brushed again-
May 14th, went over with weeder. Cultivated as soon as
they could be seen in rows. Cultivated again and hoed
June 6 and 7. Cultivated again later. A small part of the
crop failed to come up and a few decayed. Harvested the
crop, Oct. 1st, 2ud, 3rd, 4th. The yield was 203 bushels of
marketable potatoes, and 37 bushels small ones.

LA HO It.

Ploughing, harrowing, furrowing and covering,

2 men and team, 18 liours.

Hauling 9 cords manure, 2 men and team. 8 "

Spreading 9 " " '' '• " " 5 "•

Dropping seed and applying phosphate, 2 men

and team, 5

Brush harrowing. 2 "•

Weeder, 1 •'

Cultivating, 5 "

Cultivating and hoeing, 2 men and horse. 2 "■

Harvesting, two men, 4 days.
300 lbs. Bowker's phosphate. $4.65.
8 bush, seed potatoes, $6.80.

ceop from the farm, 1895 (as well as can he
estimated).

8 tons English hay.

23 tons meadow hay.

li tons Hungarian.

6 acres ensilage corn.

90 bushels (ears) field corn.

3 tons squashes.

370 bushels potatoes.

128 bushels turnips.

3500 heads cabbao-e.

I20

I acre of peas and oats (used as fodder).
35 bbl. apples.

The stock consists of 11 cows, 11 liogs, 5 horses.
65 cords stable manure, and 131.25 of commercial fertil-
izer^were used.

Yours respectfully,

John M. Bradstreet."
ToPSFiELD, Mass., Dec. 23.

Respectfully submitted,

Benjamin P. Ware,

For the Committee.

IN MEMORIAM.

During the past year several of our oldest and most re-
spected members have passed away. Among the number
we notice the names of

^ Joseph How, of Methuen. Mr. How was one of the
oldest members, and for many years was very active in all
societ}' work. He was a farmer of the old school, indus-
trious and successful, being wise in council, honest as the
broad acres he tilled, and of a kindly disposition toward all
his brethren. He was called to fill nearly all the offices in
the gift of the society, — for manj- years a trustee, vice
president, and president, and an honorary member at the
time of his death. During his later years he was greatly
interested in the improvement and protection of the apple.
He died surrounded bj- his family, amidst the scenes he
loved so well, leaving a character for integrity and kind-
ness, worthy of all imitation.

121

Albert Kimball, of Bradford, was for many years a
most active and valuable member of our society. He vras
brought up on a farm and was interested in everything that
pertained to agriculture, although his wealth was accumu-
lated in the shoe business, but during the last twenty years
of his life he devoted his time and money to the improve-
ment of his lands. Mr. Kimball was one of Bradford's
most respected and useful citizens, and died full of years,
leaving behind him an unblemished character and a host
of friends to mourn his departure, and among them many
of the members of the Essex Agricultural Society.

Eben Berry, of Danvers, at the time of his death was
the oldest living member of the society, (so far as known)
and from his earliest youth was interested in agriculture,
especially in horses and cattle. He was a large land owner
for many years, but devoted more than fifty years of his life
to the hotel business. The Berry Tavern was a noted hos.-
telry for hundreds of miles around. He was very popular
as a landlord, and socially was one of the best of men.
During the last years of his life he was very anxious to
have the society locate permanently on his lands in Dan-
vers. Mr. Berry amassed quite a fortune, and passed
away amidst the regrets of his townspeople, among whom
he had lived so long.

J. Henuy Hill, of Amesbury, was one of our most
active members, and not being so old as the above named,
was better known to our young members. His business
was that of a florist and horticulturist, devoting some
time to market gardening. His services on our hall com-
mittees were invaluable, and he was greatly missed at our
late fair. Mr. Hill Avas among the charter members of the
Amesbury society, and as an officer, and on committees
was energetic and faithful. He labored diligently and

122

successfully, beautifying the town by setting ornamental
trees on the public streets, and on that beautiful summer
day when we laid him away to rest, the trees and shrubs
and plants were in full foliage and flower, and were
a more fitting eulogy for the dead than any words from hu-
man lips. . Mr. Hill's decease was sincerely lamented by
all his townspeople.

Edward S. Knight, of Newbury, was one of the most
enterprising and prosperous young farmers. Educated
and cultivated in many directions, especially in music,
possessed of many sterling qualities of head and heart,
a universal favorite with his fellow citizens, his robust
health and youthful prime gave promise of many years of
usefulness, but he was suddenly cut down in the morning
of his life, and was followed to his burial by as sincere
mourners as ever wept for a departed friend.

(). S. Bailev, of Amesbuiy, in his younger years had
been a very active member of our society, serving as trus-
tee, and on many important committees, but of late years
he has been less active, giving way to younger men. He
was an upright and an intelligent citizen, very useful in
his day, and enjoyed the confidence and respect of his
townspeople, and his memory is cherished by them with a
just appreciation.

A. J. Hubbard, of Peabody, was not a fanner in the
general acceptation of the term, but he was interested
largely in small fruits, such as grapes, plums and pears,
and was quite an expert judge of the different varieties.
His services were very valuable on our committees in that
de[)artment. For several years before his death, he was
engaged in selling and adjusting tree protectors, and was
thus brought into close contact with our farmers through-

123

out the county. Mr. Hubbard was au upright citizen, and
useful in the town where he lived and died.

A. F. Harvey, of Gloucester, was an old member of our
society, and a long time resident of Gloucester, where he
was engaged in the stove and tinware business for many
years. He was not a practical farmer, but was largely
interested in the poultry business. He was an expert
judge, and served for many years on committees in that
department of our exhibitions. Mr. Harvey was a man of
good moral character, and a useful citizen.

The Hon. George W. Ja(;kman, Jr. died at his home
in Newbury port, Jan. 4th, 189-5, aged 81 years, after a
long illness. He was a man of marked ability and pos-
sessed that rare quality, sound commonsense, which, coup-
led with his indomitable will, made his undertakings wheth-
er in private or public, a success. No better instance of a
self-made man has ever occurred within our city. He was
always foremost in any measure to promote the welfare of
his native place.

He held position of Mayor in 1861-2--4-5 and 7, was
elected several times Representative, was Postmaster un-
der Buchanan's administration. Collector of Port under
Cleveland in 1886. He was one of Newburyport's promi-
nent ship builders. During the war he built two gun boats
for the U. S. N., the Marblehead and Ascutney, also two
large ocean steamers Erie and Ontario. Mr. Jackman's life
was an active one from youth to old age.

Daniel C. Batchelder, of Newburyport, died at his
home in that city during the past year, aged 73 years. He
came from New Hampshire stock, having been born in
Deerfield, N. H., in 1812. When 21 years of age he came
to this city and here he has made his home ever since. In
1853 he purchased of S. P. H. Drake what was the New-

124

buiyport, Georgetown, Haverhill, Lawrence & Boston ex-
press, and had an office at No. 33 State street in this city and
8 Court street, Boston. He was brave and fearless and
was read}' at any time to face danger when duty called him.
He was for many years a lieutenant in the (Pushing Guard,
and for many years a member of the Veteran Artillery
Company, being its janitor at the time of his death. He
has been agent of the board of health since 1890 and was
in that office, as in all othei's that he filled, faithful and
honest. He leaves a w^dow to mourn the death of a true
and devoted husband, who was respected and beloved by
all who knew him.

Thomas K. Bartlett, of Newburyport, died during
the past year at his home on the West Newbury road. He
was in the 80th year of his age, and was a very highly re-
spected citizen and a prosperous and successful farmer,
fruit-grower and milkman.

Mr. Bartlett was president of the Common Council in
1878, and member of the Essex Agricultural Society for
many years- He had been in failing health for some time.
The deceased was a man universally liked and his death was
received with deep regret. A son survives him.

Enoch Merrill died in Newburyport, Dec. 12, 1891.
He was born in 1825, and spent the most of his life here in
farming, and dealing largely in live stock, being well-known
in this part of the count}^

Jere. Cashman, of Newburyport, died during the past
year from the result of a railroad accident, aged J31 years.
Mr. Cashman Avas a well-known and popular contractor.
He was born in Newburyport, and had worked his way
from a poor boy so as to leave a competency for his family.
He was a man of good judgment, fairly well educated, and
a strictly honest man. 'His dealings with his fellowmen

125

Avere all above reproach, and his word was as good as his
bond. There Avas no contract so large but what he was al-
ways ready to say what he would do it for, and if he had
it, the work was satisfactory. He was a man who will be
sadly missed among the laboiing classes as he always
could find work for a worthy man .

Mr. Asa Wade, of Ipswich, died in that town April
28, 1895, aged 88 years. He had been a member of this
society nearly 30 years, and formerly took an active in-
terest in its welfare. He was a native of Ipswich, and of
the old Puritan stock.

William F. Treadwell, of Ipswich, died in Ipswich,
Sept. 3, 1895, aged 80 years. He joined this society in
1875. He was born in Ipswich.

John J. Marsh, of Haverhill, died during the past
year. He was a prominent man in his city and made fine
exhibits to the Fair when it was held in the northern part
of the county.

E. T. Ingalls, of Haverhill, died during the past year.

Isaac Carruth died in Andover, August 14, 1895,
aged 91 years. Had long been a member of the society,
was a large farmer and a prominent and valuable citizen,
had been one of the Selectmen of the town.

Edward C. Upton died Oct. 30, 1895. Was one of
Andover's old and honored citizens. For many years he con-
ducted the Mason business, was also interested in farming.

Moses Foster, of Andover, died June 27, 1895, aged 73
years. He was many years a member of the society, and
took much interest in its transactions. For nearly half a
century everything in town life that called for loyal citizen,
ship, sound business principle, integrity and honor, had

126

interested in it the law student and the bank cashier, whose
life is now ended.

John Parker Conant, born in Hamilton, son of J. P.
and Annie Edwards Conant, died in Wenhara, May 1, 1895,
aged 47 years, 6 months, 6 days. A carpenter by trader
he cultivated well a few good acres of land and was for
many years the chief support of a widowed mother ; he
was always active in town affairs, married late in life, and
was a well known lover of the horse and dog.

Andrew A. Scott was born at Salem, 1832, died at
Saugus, Dec. 17th, 1894. He was a member of the firm
of F. Scott & Son, woollen manufacturers, and their succes-
sor. His business was located upon the site of the ancient
iron works establishment on Saugus river. Mr. Scott was
a farmer, and took a lively interest in the management and
cultivation of his lands, especially the hay i-rop. He was
esteemed as a business man and citizen.

John Brooks Faxon was born in Boston, Mass., Au-
gust 23, 1868. Upon graduating from the English High
School in Boston, he entered the Seed House of the M.
B. Faxon Co., Saugus, Mass., where he was partner at the
time of his death. He died in Asheville, North Carolina,
April 27, 1894, in the twenty-sixth 3'ear of his age.

CONSTITUTION

OF THE

ESSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Article 1. There shall be a President, four Vice
Presidents, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, who shall be
Trustees, ex-officio. The President, Vice Presidents and
Secretary shall be elected at the annual meeting by ballot
and the Treasurer by the Trustees, annually, at their meet-
ing in November. In addition to these, one Trustee shall
be elected annually for each town in the County, and the
Trustee for each town shall be elected by memliers of the
Society in said town, at a meeting called for that purpose,*
in accordance with notice issued b}- the Secretary, and
shall continue in office until another is elected in his stead;'
and such election shall be final, and shall constitute the
Trustee so elected a member of the Board of Trustees of
the Society ; and the result of the election in each town
shall be communicated as early as possible to the Secretary.

Art. 2. There shall be an Annual Meeting of the Soci-
ety, at such times as the Trustees shall determine, at
which all officers shall be elected: Twenty members at
least shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business.

Art. -3. If at any meeting of the Society, or the trus-
tees, the President and Vice Presidents shall be absent, the
members present may appoint one from among them to
preside at such meeting.

Art. 4. The President, or in case of his absence, either
of the Vice Presidents, with the advice^of the Trustees,

*These meetings are held the last Tuesday^jin October, and the Trustees
lected commence their duties at the November meeting of Trustees.

128

may call a special meeting of the Society ; or whenever a
written application, with the reason assigned therefor,
shall be made by any twelve members of the Society, to
the Presidents and Trustees, they shall call such meeting.

Art. 5. The meetings of the Trustees shall be held at
such time and place as they shall from time to time agree
upon ; seven of whom, with the presiding officer, shall make
a quorum.

Art. 6. The Trustees shall regulate all the concerns
of the Society, during the intervals of its meetings ; pro-
pose such objects of improvement to the attention of the
public, publish such communications, and offer premiums in
such form and value as they think proper (provided the
premiums offered do not exceed the funds of the Society) ;
and shall lay before the Society, at each of its meetings, a
statement of their proceedings and of the communications
made to them.

Art. 7. The secretary shall take minutes of all the
votes and proceedings of the Society and of the Trustees,
and enter them in separate books ; and shall record all
such communications as the Trustees shall direct. He
shall write and answer all letters relating to the business
of the Society.

Art. 8. The Treasurer shall receive all monies due or
payable to the Society, and all donations that may be made
to it, for which he shall give duplicate receipts, one of
which shall be lodged with the Secretary, who shall make
a fair record thereof. The Treasurer shall from time to
time pay out such monies as he shall have orders for from
the Trustees ; and shall annually, and whenever thereto
required, render a fair account of all his receipts and pay-
ments to the Society or a committee thereof. He shall
give bonds for the faithful discharge of his duty, in such
sums as the Trustees shall direct, and with such sureties.

Art. 9. A committee shall be appointed annually by

I 29

the Trustees, to audit the Treasurer's accouuts, who shall
report to the Society ; and the same being accepted, shall
be entered by the Secretary in his books.

Art. 10. In case of death, resignation, incapacity, or
removal out of the County, of the Secretary or of the Treas-
urer, the Trustees shall take charge of the official books,
papers, and other effects, belonging to the office that may
be vacated, and give receipts for the same; which books-*
papers, etc., they may deliver to some person whom they
may appoint to fill the office until the next meeting of the
Society, at which time there shall be a new choice.

Art. 11. *Any citizen of the County may become a
member of the Society, by pajing the sum of three dol-
lars to increase the permanent fund of the institution.

Art. 12. A committee shall be raised from time to
time, to solicit and receive subscriptions for raising a fund
for encouraging the noblest of pursuits, the Agriculture of
our county ; the same to be sacredly appropriated to that
purpose.

Art. 13. All ordained ministers of the Gospel who re-
side within the County, shall be admitted honorary mem-
bers of the Society.

Art. 14. In addition to the usual number of Trustees
annually elected, the past Presidents of the Society shall
be honorary members of the Board of Trustees.

Art. 15. The foregoing constitution may be amended
by a proposition of the amendment in writing b}- a member
at a regular meeting ; the same to lie over for the action
at the next annual meeting of the Societ}^

*Membeis will receive from the Secretary a ''certiticate of membership." No
fines or assessments are ever imposed. Members are entitled to vote in all its
transactions, with free use of the Library and a copy of the printed "Transac-
tions" each year.

A premium of six dollars is now offered to the resident of the County obtaining
the largest number of new members during the year ending Nov. 1.

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OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.

S'OK. 1S95-96.

PRESIDENT.

FRANCIS H. APPLETON, of Peabody.

VICE-PKES] DENTS.

JAMES J. H. GREGORY, of Marblehead.
OLIVER S. BUTLER, of Georgetown.
HORATIO G. HERRICK, of Lawrence. •
ASA T. NEWHALL, of Lynn.

SECRETAKY.

JOHN M. DANFORTH, of Lynnlield.

TREASURER.

GILBERT L. STREETER, of Salem.

HONORARY TRUSTEE.

BENJAMIN p. WARE, of Marblehead.

DELEGATE TO THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.

FRANCIS H. APPLETON, of Peabody

I X2

TRUSTEES.

John J. Mason, Amesbury,
Charles C. Blunt, Andover,
John W. Lovett, Beverly,
William K. Cole, Boxford,
Charles Haseltine, Bradford,
Edw. E. Woodman, Danvers,
Elias Andrews, Essex,

Amos F. Alley, Marblehead,
George W. Sargent, Merrimac,.
G. S. Phippen, Methuen,
Geo. A. Currier, Middleton,
Herbert F. Otis, Nahant,
Nathaniel Dole, Xewbury,
Chas. W. Nelson, Newburyport,

Sherman Nelson, Georgetown, Peter Holt, Jr., No. Andover,
Osman Babson, Gloucester, E. Pope Barrett, Peabody,
Samuel B. George, Groveland, Allen Smith, Rockport,
Albert W. Dodge, Hamilton, J. Scott Todd, Rowley,

B. Frank Barnes, Haverhill,
James W. Bond, Ipswich,
J. D. Drew, Lawrence,
Edwin Bates, Lynn,
John H. Perkins, Lynnfield,
Daniel W. Friend, Manchester, David Pingree, Wenham,
W. E. Merrill, West Newbury.

Nathan R. Morse, Salem,
John Q. Evans, Salisbury,
Lewis W. Hawkes, Saugus,
David Warren, Swampscott,
Chas. J. Peabody, Topsfield,

LIST OF NEW MEMKEKS XOT PREVIOUSLY REPORTED.

Elmer A. Lothrop, Beverly,
Samuel L. Sawyer, Danvers,
Charles T. Balch, Groveland,
Randall B. Day, Groveland,
Edwin H. George, Groveland,
Robert Foss, Hamilton,
Frank V. Wright, Hamilton,
James M. Teel, Lynn,
Warren Bushby, Lynn.'
Jacob B. Stevens, Peabody,

J. H, J. Colcord, Peabody,
H. A. Harrington, Peabody,
Geo. Fred Osgood, Peabody,
Benj. N. Moore, Peabody,
Elizabeth C. Kimball, Peabody,.
T. C. Durkee, Peabody,
Jacob G. Bodge, Peabody,
C. E. Hinkley, Peabody,
Geo. F. Carlton, Rowley,
Paul A. Dodge, Rowley.

List of Premiums Awarded 1895.

BULLS.

Robert Foss, Hauiiltoti, Jersey, first premium, f 6 00

Robert Foss, HamiltoD, Jersey, second premium, 4 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, 6 00
James C. Poor, ISTo. Andover, Holstein, second premium, 4 00

MILCH cows,

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein cow, tirst

premium, $8 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein cow, first

premium, 7 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein cow, first

premium, 7 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein cow, first

premium, 7 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein cow, second

premium,
James C Poor, No. Andover, Grade cow, second

premium,

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

4 00
4 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, 6 Holstein and Grade

cows, first premium, $10 00

HEIFERS.

Robert Foss, Hamilton, Jersey, first premium, $5 00

Robert Foss, Hamilton, Jersey, first premium, 4 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, 5 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, 4 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, first premium, 4 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, second prem., 3 CO

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Holstein, second prem., 2 00

134

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Grade, first premium, 5 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Grade, first premium, 4 00

James C. Poor, No. Andover, Grade, first premium, 4 00

WORKING OXEN.

Frank E. Kimball, Danvers, working oxen, first prem., $8 00

FARM TEAM.

James C. Poor, No. Andover, 2 pair horses, first prem., 5 00

STALLIONS, FARM AND DRAFT,

J. W. Carlisle, Ipswich, Percheron, first premium, 8 00

STALLIONS, FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

A. B. Forbes, Byfield, stallion, " Seranta," first prem., 8 00^
E. A. Lothrop, Beverly, stallion, " Col. Osgood,"

second premium, 5 00

E. A. Lothrop, Beverly, stallion, " Pure Red," first

premium, 5 00

A. K. Lewis, Bradford, stallion, " Starr," second

premium, 3 00

Robert M. Leach, Danvers, coach stallion, "Gen.

Lothair," Diploma and 5 00

BROOD MARES.

A. B. Forbes, Byfield, Brood Mare, Clayene, first

premium, $8 00

FAMILY HORSES.

A. B. Forbes, Byfield, family mare, first premium,
Edwin Bates, Lynn, family mare, second premium,

gent's DRIVING HORSES.

B. G. Kimball, Bradford, pair horses, first premium,
Charles Sanders, Peabody, pair horses, second prem.,
E. A. Lothrop, Beverly, single horse, first premium,
A. B. Forbes, Byfield, single horse, second premium.

$6 00

4 00

$8 00

5 00

6 00

4 00

135

.SINGLE FARM HORSES.

W. L. Hill, Peabody, first premium,
Frank Lyford, Danvers, second premium,
B. H. Farnham, No. Andover, first premium,
Arthur Diirkee, Peabody, second premium,

PAIRS FARM HORSES.

James C. Poor, No. Andover, first premium,
James C. Poor, No. Andover, first premium,
Charles S. Little, Merrimac, second premium,

COLTS, FARM AN) DRAFT.

W. L. Hill, Peabody, first premium,

James C. Poor, No. Andover, second premium,

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

H. H. Demsey, Wenham, first premium,
D. F. Duffey, Andover, first premium,
D. P. Rogers, Salem, second premium,

D. L. Story, Beverly, second premium,
A. B Forbes, Byfield, first premium,
W. F. Kinsman, Ipswich, first premium,
H, H. Demsey, Wenham, second premium,

E. A. Lothrop, Beverly, second premium,
W. F. Kinsman, Ipswich, first premium,
A. B. Forbes, Byfield, second premium,

SWINE, LARGE BREEDS.

W. L. Hill, Peabody, Cheshire boar, first premium, $5 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Cheshire sow and pigs, first

premium,

W. L. Hill, Peabody, Chester white boar, first prem., 5 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, Chester white sow and pigs,

first premium, 6 00

W. L. Hill, Peabody, 6 weaned pigs, first premium, 6 00

W. L. Hill, Peabody, Poland China pigs, first prem., 5 00

W. L. Hill, Peabody, large Yorkshire boar, first prem., 5 00

$6 00

4 00

6 00

4 00

$8 00

8 00

6 00

$6 00

4 00

^5 00

6 .00

4 GO

3 00

4 00

4 00

2 00

2 00

4 00

2 00

5 00

136

W. L. Hill, Peabody, 0. I. Chester white, second prem., 3 00
W. L. Hill, Peabody, 7 weaned pigs, 0. I., second
premium,

SWINE, SMALL BREEDS.

3 00

W. L. Hill, Peabody, medium Yorkshire boar, first

premium, $5 00

W. L. Hill, Peabody, small Yorkshire boar, second

premium, 3 00

Frank Stanley, Peabody, Yorkshire sow and pigs,

first premium, 5 00

John P. Collins, Peabody, Yorkshire sow and pigs,

second premium, 3 00

SHEEP.

Lewis P. Hawkes, Saugus, 10 Shropshire sheep, first

premium, $5 00

Lewis P. Hawkes, Saugus, Shropshire lambs, first

premium, 4 00

Lewis P. Hawkes, Saugus, Buck, first premium, 5 00

PLOUGHING WITH DOUBLE TEAM.

James C. Poor, No. Andover, 4 Horses, first premium, $8 00

PLOUGHING WITH TWO HOUSES.

T. C. Durkee, Peabody, first premium, 6 00

G. Dynnesou, Peabody, second premium, 4 00

PLOUGHING SINGLE OX TEAM.

F. E. Kimball, Dan vers, first premium, 6 00

PLOUHING SULKY PLOUGH.

O. F. Newhall, Peabody, first premium, 6 00

PLOUGHING BY BOYS UNDER 15 YEARS OF AGE.

Charles S. Little, Merrimac, first premium, 8 00

7 00

137

GRAIN CROPS.

J. J. H. Gregory, Marblehead, Crop of Rye, first

premium,
-C. K. Ordway & Son, West Newbury, Crop of Oats,

first premium, 7 00

Charles W. Nelson, Newburyport, Crop of Corn, first

premium, 7 00

John C. Tarltou, West Newbury, Crop of Corn, second

premium, 4 00

SMALL FRUITS.

J. Webb Barton, Dauvers, Crop of Strawberries, first

premium, 8 00

Oscar Gowen, West Newbury, Crop of Raspberries,

first premium, 8 00

Amos Haseltine, Haverhill, Statements, gratuity, 5 00

ROOT CROPS.

John H. George, Methuen, Crop of Onions, first pre-
mium, 8 00

Kent & Marsh, Newburyport, Crop of Onions, second

premium, 5 00

Charles C. Blunt, Andover, Crop of Carrots, first pre-
mium, 8 00

John H. George, Methuen, Crop of Potatoes, first

premium, 8 00

Fred Stultz, West Newbury, Crop of Mangolds, first

premium, 8 00

James Manning, Topsfield, Crop of Turnips, first

premium, 8 00

FARMS.

Oliver Roberts, Danvers, first premium, 20 00

FOREST TREES.

P. A. True, Salisbury, first premium, 8 00

138

OTHER AWARDS.

Awarded by Committee on Poultry,

Poultry,

$29 00

Harrows,

9 00

Agricultural Implements,

21 00

Carriages,

11 00

Bread and Canned Fruit,

19 oe

Pears,

31 50

Apples,

46 00

Peaches, Grapes, etc.

77 75

Plants and Flowers,

51 25

Vegetables,

97 00

Grain and Seed,

5 00

Counterpanes and Afghans

, 22 00

Carpets and Rugs,

11 50

Manf. from Leather,

9 00

Manf. and General iMdse.,

15 00

Fancy Work,

39 00

Art Work,

41 75

Work by Children,

6 75

REC API TUL ATION .

Awarded for ploughing, i38 00

FARM STOCK.

Awarded for Bulls,

$20

00

n

Milch Cows,

37

00

Herds of Milch Cows,

10

00

n

Heifers,

39

00

ii

Working Oxen,

8

00

((

Team used on Farm.

5

00

((

Horses,

162

00

il

Swine,

57

00

u

Sheep,

14

00

t<

Poultry,

29

00

— 1381 00

FIELD AND EXPERIMENTAL CROPS.

Awarded for Grain Crops,

$25

00

li

a

Root Crops,

45

00

a

u

Fruit Crops,

21

00

.«Q1 no

FARM AND GARDEN PRODUCTS.

Awarded for Grain and Seed, $ 5 00

" Vegetables, 97 00

*' " Fruits, 155 25

" " Plants and Flowers, 51 25

$308 60

140

$164 00

DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES.

Awarded for Bread, Canned Fruit, etc., -flG 00

" " Counterpanes and Afghans, 22 00

'' " Carpetings and Rugs, 11 50

" " Articles Manuf. from Leather, 9 00

" Manuf. and General Mdse., 15 00

" " Fancy Work,

'* " Works of Art,

" '' Children's Work,

MISCELLANEOUS.

Awarded for Agricultural Implements,
" " Carriages,
" " Farms,
" " Essays and Reports,

TOTAL.

The amount of 81,089.50 was awarded to 321 individuals
and firms in 32 different cities and towns in the county as
follows : —

39

00

41

75

6

75

.f21

00

11

00

20

00

26

00

Amesbury,

$Q 00

Merrimac,

lis 00

Andover,

17 50

Methuen,

21 00

Beverly,

27 50

Middleton,

2 00

Boxford,

26 50

Newbury,

70 50

Bradford,

15 00

Newburyport,

20 50

Danvers,

92 75

North Andover,

140 50

Essex,

50

Peabody,

349 50

Groveland,

2 50

Rock port.

2 00

Hamilton,

19 00

Rowley,

8 00

Haverhill,

7 00

Salem,

38 25

Ipswich,

17 00

Salisbury,

8 GO

Lawrence,

7 50

Saugus,

14 00

Lynn,

95 00

Swampscott,

10 50

Lynnfield,

3 50

Topsfield,

1 00

Manchester,

1 00

Wenham,

7 50

Marblehead,

9 00

West Newbury,

36 00

141

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

Receipts for Admission to Hall and

Grounds, 12226 00
Receipts for Admission to Dinner, 124 00
"• '' Grounds for various pur-
poses, 244 75

#2594 75

Total Expenses at Hall and Grounds, 980*79

Amount paid Treasurer, ."d1613 96

1896.

PREMIUM LIST OF

Essex Agricultural Society,

FOR THE

Seventy-Sixth Annual Cattle Show and Fair.

Duties of Trustees,

The trustee of each town is instructed to see the several
members of Committees in his town previous to the Show,
and urge upon them the importance of attending to their du-
ties. Also impress upon exhibitors from localities near to
the Exhibition, the importance of entering their exhibits for
the hall, the afternoon and evening of Monday, in fairness to
those from a distance, who are obliged to come Tuesday.

To be prompt at the meeting in June for filling Committees,
and at the meeting of the Society for filling vacancies in com-
mittees on the first day of the Exhibition, making sure that
the names proposed at those meetings are of persons who will
serve.

Duties of Committees.

Committees on live stock and articles exhibited on the Fair
Grounds should appear at the Secretary's office on the grounds,
at one o'clock, punctually, on the first day of the exhibition,
and there organize, take the books of entry, and proceed at
once to business. Committees in hall, should take the books
of entry from the Superintendent, promptly after the entries
close.

143

Full reports of awards by committees, on the blanks fur-
nished by the Secretary, to be signed by all the members act-
ing on the same, are required of each committee.

Three members of any committee consisting of more than
that number are authorized to act.

(I^^Mo member of the Society shall act on any committee
of which he is an exhibitor in the same class.

The Diploma of the Society being considered the highest
premium that can be awarded, no committee is authorized to
award it, except for animals and articles of special merits de-
serving of indorsement and recommendation by the Society.

No committee is authorized to award gratuities, except the
committee on agricultural implements, carriages, bread, honey
and canned fruits, domestic manufactures, fruits, vegetables
in hall, and flowers ; or any premium, unless the rules of the
Society have been strictly complied with. Neither shall they
award pi-emiums or gratuities in excess of the amount appro-
priated.

No gratuity is to be awarded of less than fifty cents.
The several committees are requested to affix premium
cards, and also on animals, blue, white and red printed pre-
mium ribbons (which may be had of the Secretary or assistant
on the grounds and at the hall), for the several animals or
articles designating the grade of premium awarded each, and
the name of the person to whom awarded, and special care
should be taken that the cards issued correspond with the
awards in their report to the Society.

The reports of awards of premiums on ploughing and on an-
imals and articles exhibited at the Show, must be delivered
promptly to the Secretary for announcement on Thursday.

The Society offers liberal premiums for the best reports of
committees ; and the chairmen of the several committees are
requested to present to the Secretary a full report explanatory
of the opinions of the committee on the matter referred to
them, within two weeks after the awards are made at the
Show, for publication in the Transactions.^

Reports on farms, crops, etc., to be presented previous to
the meeting of the Trustees in November.

Any member of a committee who cannot serve on the same is
requested to give notice to the Secretary, before the Show, so
that the vacancy may be filled.

Each member of the several committees will receive a
ticket of admission to the hall of exhibition, on application to
the Secretary.

••Chairmen of committees will please notice this request.

144
General Rules.

Comjjetitors are requested to carefully read the rules and pre-^
mium list before making entries.

Claims (entries) for premiums to be awarded at the Exhibi-
tion on the Fair Grounds, other than live stock, must be en-
tered with the Secretary of the Society, or his agent, and in
the Exhibition Hall, on or before 11 A. M., of the first day
thereof.

All entries of live stock must be entered with the Secretary
at least one week previous to the holding of the Fair, and no
entries will be received after that date.

Any person not a member of the Society, awarded seven dol-
lars and upwards, shall receive a certificate of membership,
for which three dollars of his award will be taken to increase
the funds of the Society.

Diplomas awarded will be delivered and premiums paid, to
the person to whom the premium or gratuity is awarded, or
an agent duly authorized, on application to the Treasurer, at
First National Bank, Salem, on and after the fourth Monday of
November.

All premiums and gratuities awarded, the payment of which
is not demanded of the Treasurer on or before the first day of
September next succeeding the Exhibition, will be considered
as given to increase the funds of the Society.

In all cases the reports of awards of premiums and gratui-
ties made by the several committees and adopted by the Soci-
ety shall be final. Committees should see that the jjremitim
cards issued, correspond with the premiums and gratuities
awarded in their rejyorts.

No person shall be entitled to receive a premium, unless he
complies with the conditions on which the premiums are of-
fered, and by proper entry as required, gives notice of his in-
tention to compete for the same ; and committees are instruct-
ed to award no premium unless the animal or article of-
fered is worthy.

No animal or object that is entered in one class, with one
committee, shall be entered in another class, except town
teams, working oxen, working steers, (three year old steers
may be entered for ploughing in a double team) and farm
horses which may be entered for ploughing, and milch cows,
which may be entered with a herd.

All animals kept in the County, are eligible for premium,
whether their owner lives in the County or not.

In regard to all subjects for which, premiums are offered, it

145

is to be distinctly understood that the Trustees reserve to-
themselves the right of judging the quality of the animal or
article offered ; and that no premium will be awarded unless
the objects of them are of decidedly superior quality.

Pure Bred Animals, defined by the State Board of Agri-
culture.

The Proof that an animal is so bred should be a record of
the animal or its ancestors, as recorded in some herd book,
recognized by leading breeders and the public generally, as
complete and authentic.

Standards adopted : — American Jersey C. C. Kegister and
American Jersey Herd Book, Ayrshire Record and Holstein.
Herd Book.

Premiums to be Awarded at the Show.

The Committee^ ivill take notice that no premium will be
aivarded unless the animals or objects are of a decidedly superior
quality.

Diplomas may be awarded for animals or articles of
special merit, in all departments of the Fair.

Cattle and other Farm Stock.

TO BE ENTERED IN THE NAME OF THEIR REAL OWNER.

All animals to be eligible to a premium, shall have bee
raised by the owner within the County, or owned by the ex
hibitor within the County, four mouths previous to the date
of exhibition, except Working Oxen and Working Steers.

All animals, whether teams for ploughing, or animals
entered for premium or exhibition, will be fed during the Ex-
hibition, and longer, when they are, of necessity, prevented
from leaving, at the expense of the Society.

BULLS.

*Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Holstein, Guernsey,
or of any other recognized breed, for each breed.

Two years old and upwards, premiums, f!6, 4

Under two years old, for each breed, $4, 3

146

BULLS OF ANY AGE OR BREED.

For the best bull of any age or breed, with five of his stock
not less than one year old, quality and condition to be taken
into account, and especially the adaptability of the animal to
the agriculture of the county. Diploma and $8

Note. — Competitors are required to give a written statement of pedigree, and
committees are requested to be particular in this respect, and return them to the
Secretary with report.

MILCH COWS.

For Milch Cows, either Foreign, Native or Grade, with sat-
isfactory evidence as to quantity and quality of milk by weight
during one full month, premiums, $8, 5

Milch Cows, Ayrshire, Jersey, Devon, Short Horn, Holstein,
Guernsey, or any other recognized breed, four years old and
upwards, premiums for each breed, $7, 4

For Native or Grade Cows, four years old and upwards, pre-
miums, $7, 4

For the cows that make the most butter in a single week
from June 1st to September 15th, premiums, $7, 4

Note. — A written statement will be required of the age and breed of all Milch
Cows entered, and time they dropped their last calf, and when they will next
calve, the kind, quality and quantity of their food during the season, and the
manner of their feeding, which statement is to be returned to the Secretary with
Committee's report.

HERDS OF MILCH COWS.

For herds of Miloh Cows, not less than five in number, to be
exhibited at the Show, and a correct statement of manner of
keeping and yield for one year preceding the Show, premiums,

Diploma and $10, 8

For the greatest produce of milk on any farm, in proportion
to the number of cows producing it, not less than four, from
April 1, 1895 to April 1, 1896, statement to be made of the
exchanges made, manner, and expense of food, use made of
milk, and such other facts as will illusti'ate the entire manage-
ment, special regard being had to the mode in which the
account is kept, premium, Diploma and $8

NoTK. — The above-mentioned statements are to be returned to the Secretary
with Committee's report. The Committee can accept statements dating from
January 1st, preceding the Show.

HEIFERS.

First Class. — Ayrshire, Jersey, Short Horn, Devon, Hol-
stein, Guernsey, or any other recognized breed, under four
years old in milk, premiums for eacli breed, , $5, 3

147

Two years old of each breed, that have never calved, pre-
miums, $4, 2
One year old and under, of each breed, premiums, $4, 2
Second Class. — Native or Grade Milch, under four years
old, premiums, $5, 3
Two years old, that have never calved, premiums, $4, 2
One year old and under, and less than two, premiums, ^4, 2

WORKING OXEN AND STEERS.

Stags excluded. For pairs of Working Oxen under eight
and not less than five years old, taking into view their size,
power, quality and training, premiums, $8, 6

For pairs of .Working Steers, four years old, to be entered
in the name of the owner, premiums, . $6, 4

Note.— The Committee are required to consider the quaUty and shape of th«
cattle as well as their working capacity. The training of working oxen and
steers will be tested by trial on a cart or wagon containing a load weighing two
tons for oxen, and three thousands pounds for steers. Ig&^At the time of entry a
certificate of the weight of the cattle must be filed with the Secretary.

STEERS.

For pairs of three year old Steers, broken to the yoke, pre-
miums, $5, 3
For pairs of two year old Steers, premiums, $4, 2
For pairs of yearling Steers, and under, premiums, $3, 2

STALLIONS, FARM AND DRAFT.

For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, four years old
^nd upwards, diploma, or premiums, $8, 5

For Stallions for Farm and Draft purposes, three years old,
premiums, $5, 3

For best Sballion of any age, and five colts of his stock, not
less than five years old, quality and condition to be taken into
account. Diploma and $8

STALLIONS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

For Stallions for Driving purposes, four years old and up-
wards, premiums. Diploma and $8, 6

For Stallions for Driving purposes, three years old, pre-
miums, Diploma and $5, 3

For best Stallion of any age and five colts of his stock, not
less than one year old, quality and condition taken into
account, Diploma and $8

Note.— No stallion will be entitled to a premium unless free from all apparent
defects capable of being transmitted. All stallions entered in either class must
have been owned by the exhibitor four months previous to the exhibition.

148

BROOD MARES, FARM AND DRAFT PURPOSES.

For Brood Mares for Farm and Draft Purposes, with their
foal not more than eight months old, by their side, premiums,

BROOD MARES, DRIVING PURPOSES.

For Brood Mare? for Driving Purposes, with their foal not
more than eight months old, by their side, premiums,

Note.— No brood mare will be entitled to a premium unless free from all ap-
parent defects capable of being transmitted.

FAMILY HORSES.
For Family Horses, premiums, $6, 4

Note.— No horse will receive a premium unless free from all unsoundness.

GENTLEMEN'S DRIVING HORSES.

For Gentlemen's Driving Horses, premiums, $6, 4

For pairs of Gentlemen's Driving Horses, premiums, $8, 5

FARM HORSES.

For Farm Horses, weighing 1,200 lbs. and over, premiums,

$6,4
For Farm Horses, weighing less than 1,200 lbs., premiums,

16,4

Note.— No horse will be allowed except those actually used on farms, whether
the owner has a farm or not. The weicht of the load to l)e used in trial of Farm
Horses is to be tixed upon by the ci>mmittee of arrangements for drafting:, the
difference in the load for hoises of 1,200 lbs. and over, and those under 1,2(10 lbs. to
bn 1.000 lbs., and between the two c'asses of p-iirs 2 000. No obstruction shall be
placed either before or behind the wheels in trials of Draft Horses of either class,
but wheels shall be blocked behind to hold the load when a team stops going up
hill.

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES, WEIGHING 2,500 LBS. AND

OVER.

For pairs of Farm Horses weighing 2,500 lbs, and upwards
(see above note), premiums, .^8, 5

PAIRS OF FARM HORSES, WEIGHING LESS THAN

2,500 LBS.

For pairs of Farm Horses weighing less than 2,500 lbs. (see
above note), premiums, $8, 5

COLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES, 3 AND 4 YEARS OLD.
For Mare or Gelding four year old Colts, premiums, $6, 4
For Mare or Gelding three year old Colts, premiums, $5, 3

149

€OLTS FOR FARM PURPOSES, 1 AND 2 YEARS OLD.
For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, two year old Colts, prem., $4, 2
For Stallion, Gelding or Mare, yearling Colts, prem., $4, 2

COLTS FOR DRIVING PURPOSES.

THREE AND FOUR YEARS OLD.

Por Mare or Gelding four year old colts, premiums, $6, 4
For Mare or Gelding three year old colts, premiums, .'^3, 3

ONE AND TWO YEARS OLD.

For Stallion, Gelding or Mare two year old colts, prem., $4, 2
For Stalli5n, Gelding or Mare yearling colts, prem., $A, 2

SWINE,— LARGE BREEDS.

Large Breeds viz : Cheshire, Berkshire, Chester County
Whites, Poland China, Large Yorkshire, weighing more than
^00 lbs. at maturity.

For Boars, premiums, $5, 3

For Breeding Sows with their pigs by their side, premium,

f 5, 3

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between
"two and four months old, premiums, .^5, 3

SWINE,— SMALL BREEDS.

Small breeds, such as Suffolk, Essex, Small Yorkshire,
China, and any other breed or grade, weighing less than 300
lbs. at maturity.

For Boars, premiums, $5, 3

For Breeding Sows with their pigs by their side, premiums,

$5, 3

For Litters of Weaned Pigs, not less than four, between
two and four months old, premiums, $5, 3

SHEEP.

For flocks of Sheep, not less than ten in number, each

Breed, premiums, $5, 3

For best Buck, premium, $5

For lots of Lambs not less than four in number between

four and twelve months old, premiums, $4, 2

POULTRY.

For pairs of Fowls, Light Brahmas, Dark Brahmas, Buff
Cochins, Partridge Cochins, Black Cochins, White Cochins,

^5^

Plymouth Rocks, White Plymouth Rocks, Dominiques,.
White Leghorns, Brown Leghorns, Dominique Leghorns^
Black Spanish, Ham burgs, Polish, Games. Dorking, Bantams,
Black, White and Mottled Javas, Wyandottes, White Wyan-
dottes, Golden Wyandottes, Black and White Miuorcas, Red
Caps, Andalusias, Langshangs, and other recognized varieties,
each variety, premiums, $1, .50-

For pairs of Chickens of above varieties, premiums, ^1, .50

For the best breeding pen of each variety — Diploma of the
Society.

For the best pairs of Native Fowls, premiums, $1, .50

Pairs can be exhibited in "breeding pens," by marking
the competing female (with a ribbon or colored string), which
with the male will form the pair.

For lots of Turkeys, and Alesbury, Rouen, Caouga, Pekin,
White and Colored Muscovy, and Brazilian Ducks, and Tou-
louse, Emdeu, Brown China, and African Geese, prem., f 1, .50

Any exhibitor interfering with the Judges in the discharge
of their duties, or interfering with, or handling any specimen
on exhibition, other than his own, shall forfeit all claim he
may have in the premium list.

All breeds exhibited separately and to be judged by the
rules of the "American Standard of Excellence-"

For best exhibit of Poultry Appliances, $4

Note.— Diploma only awarded for Breeding Fens.

STREET PARADE.

Invitation is extended to local tradesmen or others to have
a street parade or procession of teams, in connection with the
Fair, to be expended under the direction of the Committee in
charge in premiums or gratuities, .$ 50^

PLOUGHING.

Genekal Note on Ploughing.— Stags are excluded. Teams must be entered
in the names of their owners, and only double ox-teams to have drivers. A team
consisting of one pair of oxen and a horse will be considered a double team. The
owner.-i of separate teams may unite the same and be allowed lo compete for pre-
miums. The ploughmen and' drivers must-bave been rnsidents of the County at
least three months before the exhibition. Those who intend to be competitors
must give notice to reach the Secretary on or before Saturday previous to the
show. The lands will be staked, but each ploughman wdl be required to strike
out his own lands in the presence of "Committee on Striking Out Grounds for
Ploughing," alter half-past nine o'clock on the morning of the trial. Ploughmen
with land side ploughs are to back furrow three furrow on each side of the stakes
set, the last furrow to be of the de|>th required in the class. Ploughmen with
swivel ploughs, to turn the ouiside of their furrow to the stakes on one side, and
to flnish one foot from the stake on the other. Committees to note and report
the kind of plough used.

Ploughing with Double Ox-Teams. — One eighth of an
acre, at least eight inches deep, premiums, $8, 6-

Ploughing with Single Ox-Teams. — One-eighth of an acre,
at least six inches deep, premiums, f6, 4

Ploughing with Two Horses. — With any form of plough
except Swivel, one-eighth of an acre, at least six inches deep,
premiums, .$6, 4

Ploughixg with Three Horses. — One-eighth of an acre,
eight inches deep, without driver, premium, $6

Same with four horses, with driver, premium, $6

Ploughing with Swivel Plough. — One-eighth of an
acre, with double ox-teams, at least eight inches deep, pre-
miums, $6, 4

One-eighth of an acre with single ox-teams, at least six
inches deep, premiums, $6, 4

One-eighth of an acre with horse teams, consisting of two
horses, ploughing at least six inches deep, premiums, $6, 4

Ploughing with Sulky Plough. — For the best perform-
ances, taking into account ease of draft, amount and quality of
work,

Sulky Plough, Landside, premiums, $6, 4

Ploughing by boys, 15 vears of age and under, premiums,

$6, 4

HARROWS.

For the best Harrow exhibited, and its merits shown b}^
actual test upon the ploughed ground, - $6, 4

Note.— Entry must be made with the Secretary before the day of the trial, with
description of the Harrow.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

For the best collection of Implements and Machines (no ar-
ticle offered in collection will be entitled to a separate pre-
mium), Diploma and $8

For implements that are deemed worthy, the Committee
may at their discretion award in gratuities not exceeding $40

No premium or gratuity will be awarded for any Mower.
Horse Rake, Tedder, or other machine or implement, the merit
of which can be known only by actual trial in the field ; but
manufacturers are invited to offer the same for exhibition
and inspection.

CARRIAGES.

For carriages built in the County, and exhibited by the
manufacturer, Diploma, and twenty-five dollars in gratuities,
may be awarded by the Committee.

152

In Exhibition Hall.

Committees on articles exhibited in the hall should be espe-
cially careful that the premium or gratuity cards issued with
the names, and sums awarded them, correspond with those in
their reports to the Society.

Committees and Exhibitors will be governed by instructions
under heading of " Duties of Committee," " General Rules,"
" Premiums to be awarded at the Show," see first pages, and
under " Fruit," " Domestic Manufactures," and " Flowers."

(i:^^All Fruit, Flowers, Vegetables, and Domestic jNIanu-
factures, must be the product of Essex County, to be entitled
to a premium or gratuity.

GRANGE EXHIBIT.

The Society otters tifty dollars to be divided in four premi-
ums for exhibits by the different Granges in Essex County,
as follows : — Premiums, $20, 15, 10

Note.— This exhibit incluiles all Fruit, Vegetables and Domestic Manufactures
that are exhibited in any other department in Exhibition Hall.

DAIRY.

For specimens of Butter made on any farm within the
County the present year, samples of not less than five pounds
to be exhibited, with a full account of the process of making
and management of the Butter, premiums, $5, 3

For specimens of New Milk Cheese, made on any farm in
the County the present year, samples of not less than twenty-
five pounds to be exhibited, with statement in writing of the
method of making and preserving same, premiums, ^5, 3

BREAD AND CANNED FRUIT.

For White Bread made of Wheat flour, premiums, $2, 1
For bread made from Graham flour, premiums, $2, 1

For bread made from other grains, or other grains mixed
with wheat, premiums, ."$1.50, 1

All bread, entered for premiums, to be in loaves weighing
not less than one pound each, and not to be less than twenty-
four hours old, with a full written statement over the signa-
ture and address of the maker, stating the kind of flour used,
quantity of each ingredient, how mixed, and length of time
kneaded and raised, and how long baked.

For first and second best collection of Preserved Fruits and
Jellies made from products of the County, when premiums

153

are awarded, the method of making to be sent to the Secretary
by the Committee for publication, premiums, $2, 1

For the lirst and second best tive pounds of Dried Apples,
grown and dried within the County, with statements of pro-
cess used and amount of labor and time required in preparing
and drying, such statement on j)remium fruit to be rjiven to the
Secretary for publication^ premiums, $2, 1

In addition to the above, are placed in the hands of the
Committee for gratuities on other articles, entered in this
department, products of this County, deemed worthy^ $5

BEES, HIVES AND HONEY.

For the first and second best display of Bees, Hives, and
Apiarian Implements, accompanied with a written descrip-
tion of the bees, hives, etc., number of hives, in use, and
amount of surplus honey taken from them during the season,
premiums, ^4, 2

First and second best Honey, five pounds in comb, made in
the County, with statement signed of kind of bees and
hive, and time of year when honey was made, premiums,

$2, 1

Fruit.

All fruit must be entered in the name of the grower before
11 o'clock on the first day of the exhibition, and each exhibi-
tor must certify to the same on the Entry Book, or on lists of
the varieties of each class of fruit or to be filed when entry
is made. (Committees are not authorized to make awards to
those who do not comply with this rule.)

Tables will be labelled in a conspicuous manner by the hall
committee before the entry of exhibitors, with the names of
fruit, for which premiums are offered, all others of same class
fruit to be labelled miscellaneous. Exhibitors must place
their several varieties of each class of fruit where indicated
by such labels, or be considered by the committee as not com-
peting for premium.

Plates of collections of fruit, when premiums are oifered
therefor, must be entered and placed by the exhibitor on the
table assigned for the exhibit of collections of fruit.

To entitle exhibitors to receive premiums and gratuities
awarded, they are required (when requested by the committee)
to give information in regard to the culture of their fruit.

154

PEARS.

For best twelve specimens of the following varieties, which-
are recommended for cultivation in Essex County : Kartlett^
Belle Lucrative, Bosc, Anjou, Angouleme, Dana's Hovey,
Lawrence, Onondaga, Seckle, Sheldou, Urbaniste, Vicar,
Coniice, Howell and Clairgeau, each, premium, $2

Doyenne d'Ete, Gifford and Clapp's Favorite (ripening
early), are recommended for cultivation, but no premium is
offered.

For each dish of twelve best specimens of any other varieties,
deemed worthy by the committee, premium, $1.50

For best collection of Pears, recommended for cultivation,
premium, .f5

In addition to the above are placed at the disposal of the
committee, to be awarded in gratuities of not less than $1
each, $15-

APPLES.

For best twelve specimens of the followi)ig varieties, which
are recommended for cultivation in Essex County : Baldwin,
Danvers Sweet, Tompkins King, Red Russet, Tolman's Sweet,
Hubbardston, Hurlburt, Porter, Pickman Pippin, Roxbury
Russett, Rhode Island Greening, Gravenstein, Hunt Russett,
Smith's Cider, Snow, Bailey Sweet, premium for each, $2

Red Astrachan, William's Favorite, Tetofsky and Sweet
Bough are recommended for cultivation, but no premium is
offered (ripening early )

For best twelve specimens of any other varieties deemed
worthy by the committee, premium for each variety, $1.50

For best collection of Apples, recommended for cultivation,
premiums, $3, 2

For best twenty-four specimens of any variety of Crab
Apple deemed worthy by the committee, $1.50

In addition are placed at the disposal of the committee, to
be awarded in gratuities of not less than $1 each, $15

PEACHES, GRAPES, AND ASSORTED FRUITS.

For best nine specimens of Freestone, White Flesh, Yellow

Flesh, Essex County Seedling, each variety, $2

For best collection of Peaches, premium, $3

For Champion, Lemon, or Orange Quinces, premium, $2

For Plums, five varieties to be selected by Committee, each

variety, premium, $2

For best four bunches of Concord, Worden's Seedling,

Brighton, Green Mountain, Delaware, Martha, Moore's Early,

Niagara Grapes, each variety, premium, $2.

155

For Cold House Grapes, produced with not over one month's
artificial heat, premiums, )^3, 2

For best collection of ten varieties, not less than ten pounds
in all, premium, $5

For best specimens of four bunches of Grapes, varieties
other than above, deemed worthy by the committee, premium,

$1.5(>

For baskets of Assorted Fruits, premiums, f 3, 2

In addition are placed at the disposal of the committee, to
be awarded in gratuities, of not less thau 50 cents each, $20

Plants and Flowers.

KULES AND REGULATIONS.

1. All Plants and Flowers for competition and exhibition
must be entered for examination by the committee on or before
eleven o'clock, on the first day of the Fair, and all such Plants
and Flowers must have been grown by the competitor, except
native plants and flowers, and flowers used in bouquets, and
baskets of flowers and floral designs, all of which (plants and
flowers) must have been grown within the County.

2. When a certain number or quantity of Plants and
Flowers is designated in the schedule, there must be neither
more nor less thau that number or quantity of specimens
shown.

3. When only one premium from each exhibitor is offered
for any article, only a single specimen or collection can com-
pete, but when a second or third premium is offered, one, two
or three specimens or collections may be exhibited for compe-
tition, but no variety can be duplicated.

4. No premium shall be awarded unless the specimens ex-
hibited are of superior excellence, possessing points of supe-
riority and worthy of such premium, not even if they are the
only ones of their kind on exhibition.

5. No specimen entered for one premium shall be admitted
in competition for another different premium.

6. Competitors will be required to furnish information (if
the committee so request), as to their modes of cultivation, or
in the case of Native Plants and Flowers, where such were
found.

7. All Plants exhibited for premiums must have the name
legibly and correctly written on stiff card, wood, or some other
permanent and suitable substance and so attached to same as

156

to be easily seen. Flowers when specified to be named to
comply also with above rule.

8. Plants in Pots to be entitled to premiums must show
skilful culture in the profusion of bloom and in the beauty,
symmetry and vigor of the specimens ; also Bouquets, Baskets,
Design Work, etc., must show taste, skill and harmony in ar-
rangement, both as to colors and material they are made of,
and purposes for which they are intended.

9. All Flowers exhibited must be shown upon their own
stem, flowers in " Design " work alone excepted ; and this ex-
ception if overcome and avoided, to be taken into account by
the committee in awarding the premiums.

10. The Committee are authorized to award gratuities for
any new and rare plants and flowers or " Designs of merit" for
which no premium is offered, but in no case shall the total
sum (premiums and gratuities together), exceed the amount,
^100 00, limited by the Society for this department.

IL No member of the Committee for awarding premiums
or gratuities shall in any case vote or decide respecting an
award for which such member may be a competitor, or in
which he may have an interest, but in such case such member
shall temporarily vacate his place upon the Committee, and
such vacancy for the time being may be filled by the remain-
ing members of the Committee, or they may act without.

12. Attention is again called to above Rules and Regula-
tions for Plants and Flowers, ^nd General Rules of the Soci-
ety, and all articles not entered in conformity therewith will
be disqualified, and premiums will be awarded only to exhibi-
tors who have complied with said Rules, etc.

PLANTS.

Plants competing for these premiums must have been grown
in pots, Native Plants excepted, etc. See Rules.

For collection Flowering and Ornamental Foliage plants, at
least 25 specimens, premiums, $5, 3

For collection Palms, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties,
premium, $1

For collection Ferns (cultivated), at least 5 specimens, 5
varieties, premium, $1

For collection Dracenas, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties,
premium, %\

For collection Crotons, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties,
premium, fl

For collection Fancy Caladiums, at least 5 specimens, 5 va-
rieties, premium, $1

157

For collection Gloxinias, at least 5 specimens, 5 varieties,^
premium, $1

For collection Begonias, tuberous-rooted, at least 5 speci-
mens, 5 varieties, premium, $l
For collection Begonias, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, preni., SI
For collection Coleus, 10 specimens, 10 varieties, prem., $1
For collection Fuschias, 5 specimens, varieties, premium, $1
For collection Cyclamen, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, prem., $1
For collection Geraniums, double, 10 specimens, 10 varie-
ties, premium, $1
For collection Geraniums, single, 10 specimens, 10 varieties
premium, $1
For collection Geraniums, fancy, 10 specimens, at least 5
varieties, premium, $1
For collection Hibiscus, 5 specimens, 5 varieties, prem., $1
For collection Carnation Finks, 10 specimens, at least o va-
rieties, premium, $1
For collection Calla Lillies, 5 specimens, premium, $1
For specimen English Ivy, premium, $1
For collection of wood of native trees in sections, suitable
for exhibition, showing bark and the grain of the wood, all
correctly named with botanical and common name, at least 50
varieties, each variety to be shown in two sections, one of
which to be a cross section and neither to be more than four
inches in length or diameter, premiums, $5, 3

FLOWERS.

For collection Cut Flowers, cultivated, 100 specimens, at
least 50 varieties, named, f>3, 2

For collection Cut Flowers, native, 100 specimens, at least
50 varieties named, $3, 2

For pair of Bouquets, for vases, green-house flowers,
premiums, $1, .50

For pair of Hand Bouquets, green-house flowers, prem.,

$1, .50

For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of native flowers, prem.,

$1, .50

For pair of Bouquets, for vases, of garden flowers, prem.,

^1,50

For Basket of green-house flowers, premiums, $1, .50

For Basket of Native Flowers, premiums, $1, .50

For Basket of Garden Flowers, premiums, $1, .50

For arrangement of Native Flowers and Autumn Leaves,
premiums, • $2, 1

For Floral Designs, choice cultivated flowers, prem., |>3, 2

158

For Floral Designs, native flowers, premiums, $2, 1

For collections Japan Lilies, hardy, named, premiums, $2, 1
For collections Phlox, hardy, perennial, named, prem., $2, 1
For collections Pansies, at least 50 specimens neatly and ar-
tistically arranged, premiums, $2, 1
For collections of Kative and Introduced Weeds, with com-
mon and botanical name attached, premiums, $2, 1
For twelve Dahlias, large flowering, at least six varieties,
named, premium, f 1
For twelve Dahlias, Pompon or Lilliputian, at least six va-
rieties, named, premium, $1
For twelve Dahlias, single, at least six varieties, named,
premium, $1
For twelve Petunias, double, at least six varieties, named,
premium, $1
For twelve Gladiolas (spikes), at least six varieties, named,
premium, $1
For twelve Japan Lilies, at least six varieties, named,
premium, $1
For twelve Geraniums, double, at least six varieties, named,
premium, $1
For twelve Geraniums, single, at least six varieties, named,
premium, $1
For twelve Phlox, hardy perennial, at least six varieties,
named, premium, f 1
For twelve Cannas, at least six varieties, named, prem., f 1
For twenty-four Carnation Pinks, at least six varieties,
named, premium, $i
For twenty-four Verbenas, at least six varieties, named,
premium, ".$1
For twenty-four Roses, at least six varieties, named, prem.,

$1

For twenty-four Garden Annuals, at least twelve varieties,

named, premium, $1

For twelve Calendulas, at least two varieties, named,

premium, $1

For twelve Asters, Double Victoria, premium, ^1

For twelve Asters, Double, Truffaut's Peony flowered,

premium, $i_

For twelve Asters, Pompone, premium, $1

For twelve Phlox Drummondii, in variety, premium, $1

For twelve Nasturtiums, at least six varieties, premium, -fl

For twenty- four Pansies, in variety, premium, $1

For twenty-four Zinnias, double, in variety, premium, .1^1

For twenty-four Marigolds, African, in variety, prem., $1

159

For twenty-four Marigolds, Dwarf French, in variety,

premium, $L

For twenty-four Petunias, single, in variety, premium, $1

For display of Coxcombs, in variety, premium, $1

For twelve Seabiosas, in variety, premium, $1

For twelve Delphiniums, in variety, premium, $1

For twelve Dianthus (double, annual), in variety, prem., $i

For twelve Salpiglossis, in variety, premium, $1

For collection of Sweet Peas, premium, $1

VEGETABLES.

Rules for Fruit a^jjihj to Vegetables.

Beets — For best twelve specimens, Eclipse, Dewing, and
Edmands, premiums, each variety, $2

Carrots — For best twelve. Short Top, Long Orange and
Danvers Intermediate, premium, each variety, $2

For best twelve, Short Horn, Orange carrots. $2

Mangold Wurtzels — For best six specimens, premium, $2
Flat Turnips — Twelve specimens. For best Purple Top
and White Flat, premium, each variety, f 2

Ruta Bagas — Twelve specimens. For best Yellow and
White, premium, each variety, $2

Parsnips — For the best twelve specimens, premium, $2

Onions — Twelve specimens. For best Danvers, Yellow
Flat, and Red, premium, each variety, $2

Potatoes — Twelve specimens. For best Early Rose, Beauty
of Hebron, Clark's No. 1, Pearl of Savoy, Early Maine, pre-
mium, each variety, $2
Cabbages — For best three specimens. Savoy, Fottler's
Drumhead, Stone Mason Drumhead, Red Cabbage, All Sea-
sons, Deep Head, each variety, premium, $2
For next best, each variety, premium, $1
Cauliflowers — For best three specimens, premium, $2
For next best, premium, $1
Celery — For best four roots, premium, $2
Sweet Corn — For twelve ears ripest and best Early, prem., $2
For best twelve Ears in milk, Late, premium, f 2
Squashes — For best three specimens. Marrow, Turban,
Warner Turban, Hubbard, Marblehead, Essex Hybrid, Bay
State, Sibley, Butman, each variety, premium, $2
Melons— For best three specimens. Nutmeg, Musk, Cassaba,
Salmon Flesh, each variety, premium, $2
For best two specimens Watermelons, premium, $2
Tomatoes — For best twelve specimens, Round Flat and
Round Spherical, each variety, premium, $2

i6o

For exhibition of greatest variety of Tomatoes, premium, $2'
Cranberries — For pecks of cultivated, premium, $2, 1

For collection of vegetables, not less than three of a kind,
premiums, $4, 3

Placed at the disposal of the committee for whatever ap-
pears meritorious, $25
[C^^Ko competitor for premium to exhibit more or less num-
ber of specimens of any vegetables than the premiums are
offered for.

Col/ectiovs of Vegetables where premhims are offered for a number of varieties
must be eutered and placed, not less than three of a kind, by themselves on the
tables assigned for collections. No collection shall receive but one premium.
Specimens of any varieties, in such collections are not to compete with specimens
of the same variety placed elsewhere. Kxhibitors of such collections however,
are not prevented from exhibiting arff/j/iona/ specimens of any variety with and
in competition with like variety. All vegetables must be entered in the name of
the grower of them.

Size of J'egetahles.--'Iurnip Beets to be from 2 to 4 inches in diameter; Onions,
2J to 4 inches in largest diameter; Potatoes to be of good size for familvuse;
Squashes to be pure and well ripened, Turban, Marrow, Hubbard. Marblehead,
all to be uniform size.

GRAIN AND SEED.

For best peck of Shelled Corn, Wheat, Oats, Barley, Rye,
Buckwheat and Field Beans, each, premium, $1

For twenty-five ears of Field Corn, premiums, $B, 2

For twenty-five ears of Pop Corn, premiums, ^2, 1

For collections of Field and Garden Seeds, premiums, $6, 4
All grain or seed 7nust have been groivn by the exhibitor in- the
County to receive a premium.

Domestic Manufactures.

Contributors must deposit their articles at the Hall before-
1 o'clock on the first day of the Exhibition. Articles not
thus deposited will not be entitled to a premium. Gratuities
will be awarded for articles of special merit for which no pre-
mium is offered ; but no premium or gratuity will be awarded
for any article manufactured out of the County, or previous
to the last exhibition of the Society.

COUNTERPANES AND AFGHANS.

For Wrought Counterpanes having regard to the quality
and expense of the material, premiums, $3, 2'

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this de-
partment, the whole amount of gratuities not to exceed $25-

i6i

CARPETINGS AND RUGS.

For carpets, having regard to the quality and expense of
the material, premiums, $!^> 2

For Wrought Hearth Rug, having regard both to the qual-
ity of the work and expense of the materials, premiums, $2, 1

Gratuities will be awarded for articles belonging to this de-
partment, the whole amount not to exceed $20

ARTICLES MANUFACTURED FROM LEATHER.

For best pair hand made and machine made Men's Boots,
Women's do., Children's do., each, premium, $2

Best team, Carriage and Express Harness, each, premium,

$3

$8 are placed at the disposal of this committee, to be
awarded in gratuities.

For the best exhibition of Boots and Shoes, manufactured
in the County, each, premium, Diploma of the Society,

MANUFACTURES AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE.

For display of Bonnets, premiums, •l'3, 2

For Horn Combs, not less'than one dozen, premium, $1

At the disposal of the comimittee in this department, to be

awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, $15

FANCY WORK

Of Domestic jManufacture are not included in the above.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding $3 in any one gratuity, $40

WORKS OF ART.

At the disposal of the committee in this department, to be
awarded in gratuities not exceeding f 2 in any one gratuity, $40

DECORATED CHINA.

At the disposal of Committee to be awarded in gratuities,
not exceeding $2 in any one gratuity, $20

WORK BY CHILDREN.

For specimens of work performed by children under 12
years of age, exhibiting industry and ingenuity, premiums,

$2, 1
At disposal of committee to be awarded in gratuities, $10

l62

List of Premiums to be Awarded by the
Trustees in November.

FARMS.

Competitors for this premium must give notice of their in-
tention to the Secretary on or before June 15th, and the farms
entered for premium will be viewed by the committee twice
during the year. Crops growing on farms that are entered for
premium, cannot be entered with another committee for separate
premiums — except crop specimens exhibited at the fair.

Any person desirous of having his farm insj^ected, without
entering it for 2)remium, may make application to the Secre-
tary, and it will be viewed and reported upon by the committee.

Ifor the best conducted and most improved farm, taking
into view the entire management and cultivation, including
lands, buildings, fences, orchards, crops, stock and all other
appendages, with statements in detail, relating thereto, pre-
mium, $20

IMPROVING WET MEADOW AND SWAMP LANDS.

For best conducted experiments relating to wet meadow or
swamp lands, on not less than one acre, tlie course of manage-
ment, and the produce, etc., for a period of two years at
least, to' be detailed, with a statement of all the incidental
expenses, premiums, -flO, 6

Note.— The Committee is instructed to ascertain liow many, if any, reclaimed
swamps in this County have been abandoned or have returned to natural grasses.
Persons knowing of such, are requested to notify the Secretary or Committee.

IMPROVING PASTURE AND WASTE LANDS.

Fur best conducted experiments in renovating and improving
pasture land, other than by ploughing, so as to add to their value
for pasturage, with a statement of the same, premiums, $ 10, 6

For best conducted experiments in renovating and improv-
ing waste lands, so as to add to their agricultural value, with
statement of the same, premiums, J^IO, 6

No premium -to be awarded to any person for a repetition of
an experiment in meadow, swamp or pasture lands, for which
he has already received a premium.

UNDER-DRAINING LAND.

For best conducted experiments in under-draining land,
regard being had to the variety of soil, sub-soil, and other
local circumstances, premiums, $10, 6

XOTE.— The same instructions under '•Improving Wet Meadow and Swamp
Lands" apply to this Committee.

i63

GRAIN AND OTHER CROPS.

Claimants on Grain and Root Crops will be required to
state the size of the piece of laud, when they enter, and con-
form to the following rules : Entries of Grain Crops, to
be made on or before September 10th ; Root Crops on or
before October lOfch ; giving ample time for the crops to be ex-
amined by the committee before harvesting. Statement to be
made in conformity with the following form, must be for-
warded to the Committee previous to November 1st.
• All calculations and figures given in reports of, and state-
ments of Crops, are to be made on the basis of mi acre, results
in all cases, to be given at the rate per acre.

In pursuance of authority delegated to the Board of Agri-
culture by Chap. 24, of Acts 1862, Agricultural Societies
receiving the bounty of the State^^are required to make use of
the following form, and be governed by its conditions in the
mode of ascertaining the amount of crops entered for premium.

Essex Agricultukal Society. — Statement concerning a

crop of , raised by Mr. , in the town of ,

, 1896.

What was the crop of 1894 ? What manure was used and
how much? What was the crop of 1895? What manure
was used and how much ? What is the nature of the soil ?
When and how many times ploughed, and how deep ? What
other preparation for the seed ? Cost of ploughing and other
preparation ? Amount of manure, in loads of thirty bushels,
and how applied ?

Value of manure upon the ground ? How used ? (What
amount of Commercial Fertilizer used? How used ? Value
of same when applied ?) When and how planted ? The
amount and kind of seed ? Cost of seed and planting ? How
cultivated and how many times ? Cost of cultivation, includ-
ing weeding and thinning ? Time and manner of harvesting ?
Cost of harvesting, including the storing and husking or
threshing? Amount of crop,, etc! Signed by Com-
petitor.

The committee, to whom is intrusted the award of the
premiums on field crops, may award them according to their
judgment, but for the purpose of furnishing accurate statis-
tics for the benefit of agriculture, shall select certain of the
crops, and require the owners thereof to measure the land and
weigh the crops accurately, giving to the committee a certifi-
cate of the same, and give all possible information thereon
over their own signatures, and return the same to the Secretary
of the Society, to be published in the annual transactions.

60 lbs.

to bush

62 "

((

56 «

II

32 "

II

48 ''

1 1

164

In ascertaining the amount of crop, any vessel may be used
and the weight of its contents once, multiplied by the number
of times it is filled by the crop.

In measuring the land or weighing crops, any competent
person may be employed, whether a sworn surveyor or not,
and must give certificate.

The certificate shall state the weight of all crops only in a
merchantable state.

In ascertaining the amount of a hay crop entered for
premium, the measurement of the hay in the barn may be em-
ployed.

Rules of Measure Practiced and Adopted by the State
Board op Agriculture.

Wheat, Potatoes, Sugar Beets, RutaBagas,

Mangold Wurtzels,
White Beans and Peas,
Corn, Bye,
Oats,

Barley, Buckwheat,
Cracked Corn, Corn and Rye, and other meal,

except Oat, 50 ''

Parsnips, Carrots, 55 " "

Onions, 57 " "

1. For the best conducted experiments of Rye, not less
than twenty bushels to the acre, fifty -six lbs. to the bushel, on
not less than one acre, premiums, $7, 4

2. For best conducted experiments of Wheat, not less than
thirty bushels to the acre, sixty lbs. to the bushel, on not less
than one acre, premium, $7, 4

3. For best conducted experiments of Oats, not less than
fifty bushels to the acre, thirty-two lbs. to the bushel, on not
less than one acre, premiums, $7, 4

4. For best conducted experiments of Barley, not less than
forty bushels to the acre, forty-eight lbs. to the bushel, on not
less than one acre, premiums, .^7, 4

5. For best conducted experiments of Indian Corn, on not
less than one acre, premiums, $7, 4

6. For largest quantity and best quality of English Hay,
on not less than one acre, regard being had to the mode and
cost of cultivation, premiums, ^7, 4

7. For best yield of Field Beans, on not less than one-half
acre, and not less than twenty-five bushels per acre, premiums,

$7,4

i65

ROOT CROPS.

1. For best conducted experiments in raising Carrots, fifty-
five pounds to the bushel, premiums, $7, 4

2. For best conducted experiments in raising Parsnips,
fifty-five pounds to the bushel, premiums, $7, 4

3. For best conducted experiments in raising Beets,
premiums, $iO, 5

4. For best conducted experiments in raising Rata Bagas,
sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $7, 4

5. For best conducted experiments in raising Mangold
Wurtzels, sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $7, 4

6. For best conducted experiments in raising Sugar Beets,
sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $7, 4

7. For best conducted experiments in raising Onions, fifty-
two pounds to the bushel, premiums, $7, 4

8. For best conducted experiments in raising Potatoes,
sixty pounds to the bushel, premiums, $7, 4

9. For best conducted experiments in raising Cabbages,
premiums, 37, 4

10. For best conducted experiments in raising Squashes,
premiums, f 7, 4

11. For best conducted experiments in raising Summer
English Turnips for the market, premiums, $T, 4

Raised on not less than half an acre, and the quantity of
crop to he ascertained by weight ; so far as practicable the
crop to be free from dirt, without tops, and in a merchantable
condition at the time of measurement.

Claimants for premiums on Grain and Root Crops must
forward statement to chairman of committee before Hov. 1st.

FOREST TREES.

1. For plantation of either of the following species of
forest trees, viz.: White Oak, Yellow Oak, Locust, Birch,
White Ash, Maple, Walnut, or White Pine, not less than three
years old, and not less than 1000 trees, premium, -IplO

2. For plantation of not less than 600 trees, premium, $8

3. For ornamental trees, ten or more set on any street,
road or farm, and cared for five years, premium, $8

CRANBERRIES.

For best conducted experiment in the cultivation of the
Cranberry, at least two summers, or not less than twenty rods
of land, with written statement of the quantity and quality of
the land, expense of planting, weeding and culture, and

1 66

amount of crops produced. Premium to be paid in 1895 and

1896, $10

For best experiment do., on not less than ten rods of laud,

premium, $7

STRAWBERRIES AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS.

For best crop of Strawberries, on not less than twenty rods
of land, expense of planting, culture, crop, etc., slated in
writing, premium, $7

For best crop of Currants, Raspberries and Blackberries,
with statement as above, premiums, each, $7

NEW WINTER APPLES.

For a new variety of: Winter Apple, originated in this
County, equal or superior to the Baldwin, premium, $50

For a new variety of like character originating elsewhere,
provided it has been cultivated in the County sufficiently to
prove it equal or superior to the Baldwin for general purposes,
premium, $20

For a successful experiment in destroying the codling moth
and other worms destructive to the apple, premium, $20

Note.— Persons who consider themselves eompetitors will semi Post Office
address to Secretary, and others in the County wishing to compete for above,
must notify Secretary, and furnish a full statement of their apple, and also scions
when called for under his directions, to be tested by the Society.

SEEDLING POTATOES AND EXPERIMENTS.

For best Seedling Potato, originating in Essex County, to
equal in yield, earliness and quality, the Early Rose, and to
surpass it in one or more of these particulars, premium paid
after three years' trial, $20

In testing the value of a Seedling Potato, the committee
are instructed to take sworn testimony of the cultivator with
regard to the yield, after having inspected the crop.

For the most satisfactory experiments to extend through
five consecutive years, to settle the following facts relative
to raising potatoes : — premium, $25

1st. Will whole, medium sized potatoes yield better re-
sults than pieces cut to two eyes ?

2nd. What will be the result of continuously planting
small-sized potatoes of the same strain a series of years ?

3d. Difference between hilling and flat cultivation.

4th. Effect, if any, of cutting off seed ends before planting.

5th. Effects of deep and shallow planting.

6th. Raising from sprouts alone from same strain.

167

7th. Can potatoes having dwarf vines be planted nearer
than others.

8th. Best distance apart for seed in the drill.

9th. To show the effect of covering the top with earth at
several times after they had come up.

To be raised on not less than a half acre of land, uniform
in character, and all to receive the same kind and quality of
manure and cultivation, and to be inspected by the corumittee
at the time of gathering the crops.

ESSAYS AXD FAEM ACCOUNTS.

The Essays must be transmitted to the Secretary by the 1st
of November, with sealed envelopes containing the names of
their authors, respectively, which shall not be opened by the
committee, nor shall the names be known to the committee,
until they shall have decided upon the merit of the Essay.

For original Essays on any subject connected with Agricul-
ture, in a form worthy of publication, premiums, $10, 8

For best statement of Actual Farm Accounts, drawn from
the experience of the claimant, in a form worthy of publica-
tion, premium, fi>8

For Reports of Committees upon subjects for which pre-
miums are offered, premiums, $S, 6

Committee — G. L. Streeter, Salem ; N. M. Hawkes, Lynn;
D. E. Safford, Hamilton ; Geo. E. Blodgette, Rowley ; J. M.
JJanforth, Lynnlield.

. LIBRARY.

Committee — Andrew Nichols, Danvers ; Henry Brooks, Sa-
lem ; B. P. Ware, Marblehead ; J. M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

TREADWELL FARM.

Committee — Benj. P. Ware, Marblehead ; C. C. Blunt, An-
dover; B. P. Pike, Topsfield ; G. B, Blodgette, Rowley;
George B. Bradley, Methuen ; John M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

AUDITORS.

Committee — J. Hardy Phippen, Salem ; Benj. P. Ware,
Marblehead; E. Pope Barrett, Peabody.

FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

Francis H. Appleton, Asa T. Newhall. C. C. Blunt, O. S-
Butler, John M. Danforth, Lynnfield.

i68

DELEGATES.

From the Essex Agricultural Society to attend Exhibitions
of Societies, Farmers' Clubs and Fruit Growers' Associations
in Essex County, and report any information that shall seem
valuable for publication.

The Secretary to be notified of the time of holding their ex-
hibition, who will notify the chairman of Committee to assign
Delegate.

COMMITTEES.

All committees, including committees to judge of crops,
of exhibits at Fair, and of the arrangements for the Fair, are
chosen by the Trustees at their June meeting.

CONTENTS.

Address by Rev. O. S. Saftord, D. D y

Seventy-fifth Cattle Show and Fair 20

Report of the Annual Meeting' 2-'>

Report on Bulls 24

Report on Milch Cows 25

Statements 26

Report on Herd of Milch Cows 27

Report on Heifers, Pure Bred 28

Report on Heifers, Native or Grade 28

Report on Working Oxen 28

Report on Teams used on Farm ' ... 29

Report on Stallions, Farm and Draft 29

Report on Stallions, Driving Purposes 29

Report on Family Horses 29

Rejjort on Brood Mares ,30

Report on Gents' Driving Horses 30

Report on Single Farm Horses 30

Report on Pairs of Farm Horses 30

Report on Colts, Farm Purposes '. 31

Report on Colts, Driving Purposes 3i

Report on Swine 32

Report on Sheep 33

Report on Poultry .33

Report on Ploughing 35

Report on Harrows 36

Report on Carriages 37

Report on Agricultural Implements ,37

Report on Bread and Canned Fruit. 41

Statements 42

Report on Pears 47

Report on Apples 48

Report on Peaches, Grapes and Assorted Fruits 50

Report on Plants and Flowers ,55

Roport on Vegetables 59

Report on Grain and Seed 62

Report on Counterpanes and Afghans .62

Report on Carpetings and Rugs 63

Report on Articles Manufactured from Leather 64

170

Report on Manufactures and General Mdse 65

Report on Fancy Work 65

Report on Works of Art and Oil Paintings 69

Report on Children's Work, 70

Report of Committee on Root Crops 71

Statements 7;]

Report of Committee on SnuiU Fruits •. 81

Statements S2

Report of Committee on Grain Crops 86

Statements ' 88

Report of Delegate from State Board of Agriculture 93

Farmers" Institutes 95

Report of Delegate to Other Societies 96

Report of Committee on Farms 98

Statement 100

Report of Committee on Forest Trees iOl

Report of Committee on Essays 102

Statements and Essays .... 102

Report on New Members 118

Report of Committee on Treadwell Farm 118

In Memoriam 120

Constitution of the Society. 127

Treasurer's Report ' , 130

Officers of the Society . 131

List of Premiums Awarded 133

Recapitulation of Premiums 139

Financial Statement 1895 Fair . . 141

Duties of Trustees, Committees and Exhibitors 142

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