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AMEBICA1T

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

VOL. I.

PHILADELPHIA :

PRINTED BY THE SOCIETY.

1867— S.

I^IST OIF ^^.IPZEIFtS-

Page.

Cresson, E. T.

Notes on the Pompilidse of North America, with descrip¬
tions of new species. - - - 85

A List of the Ichneumonidre of North America, with de¬
scriptions of new species. Part I. - - - 289

Catalogue of a small collection of Hymenoptera made in
New Mexico during the summer of 1867. - - 375

Edwards, Wm. H.

Description of certain species of Diurnal Lepidoptera found
in the United States. .... 286

Grote and Kobinson.

Descriptions of American Lepidoptera, - 1, 171, 323

Horn, Geo. H., M. D.

Description of a new Pseudomorpha from California, with
notes on the Pseudomorphidse, - - 151

On Amphizoa insolens, LeConte, - - - 154

Notes on the Zopheri of the United States - - 159

Descriptions of new Genera and new Species of Western
Scarabteidce, with notes on others already known - 163

Geotrupes of Boreal America, .... 813

Norton, Edward.

Catalogue of the described Tenthredinidas and Uroceridae
of North America, - - - - 31, 193

Shimer, Henry, M. D.

Description of a new species of Aleyrodes, - - 281

Description of a new species of Cecidomyia, - 281

On a new genus of Aphidm, .... 283

Notes on the “Apple Bark-louse” ( Lepidosaphes conchi-
formis ), with a description of a supposed new Acarus, 361

RECORD OF THE MEETINGS.

March 1 1, 1867.

President Horn in the Chair.

Fourteen members present.

The Committee appointed at the last meeting to petition the Court
to amend the Charter for change of name, reported that application
had been made to the Court, considered and granted, and was now
ready for acceptance by the Society.

The following donations to the Cabinet were announced, and the
thanks of the Society voted to the donors : —

A large and valuable collection of Mexican Insects, from Dr. Chas. Sartorius.

The Entomological Collection of the late Brackenridge Clemens, M. D., from
Mrs. S. B. Clemens.

Prof. Ennis made some few remarks iu reference to certain species
of Tabanus, in British Columbia, said to be very destructive to horses
and horned cattle, and recommended that the subject be taken up and
studied by some one of the members.

The following Papers were presented for publication in the Tram-
actions : —

‘‘A Catalogue of the described Tenthredinidae and Uroceridae of
North America, by Edward Norton.”

“ Notes on the Pompilidse of North America, with descriptions of
new species, by FI. T. Cresson.”

“ Descriptions of new American Lepidoptera, No. 1, by A. R. Grote
and C. T. Robinson.”

The following was read and accepted : —

In the Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the City and County of
Philadelphia.

In the matter of the petition to change the name of “ The Entomological
Society of Philadelphia” to “ The American Entomological Society.”

And now February 23rd, 1867, upon consideration of petition, and on proof of
publication of notice of application for change of name duly filed ; it is ordered
by the Court that the name of ‘‘The Entomological Society of Philadelphia”
be changed to that of “The American Entomological Society.” And that
notice of this change of name be given to the Secretary of the Commonwealth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and
affixed the seal of the said Court this 23rd day of February,
A. D. 1867. J. P. G A ETON,

Pro. Clerk.

[SEAL]

n

On ballot, Rathmcll Wilson, of Newark, Del., and John S. Haines,
of Germantown, Pa., were elected Honorary Members; and Joseph
W. Prexel and Thomas E. McElroy were elected Resident Members.

- o -

April 8, 18GT.

President Horn in the Chair.

Seven members present.

The following donation to the Cabinet was announced : —

Two specimens of Cononotus sericans Lee., from Dr. Geo. H. Horn.

May 13, 1867.

Vice-President Pine in the Chair.

Fourteen members present.

The Committee appointed to revise the By-Laws of the Society,
made its final report, which was read, accepted, ordered to be printed,
and a copy sent to each resident member prior to its consideration,
which was postponed for one month.

The following donations to the Library were announced : —

The American Journal of Science and Arts, May 1367. From the Conductors.

The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine for January, February and March,
1867. From the Editors.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Xatural History, Vol. IX, pp. 1 — 8.0.
F rom the Society.

The following Paper was presented for publication in the Transac¬
tions : —

" Notes on American Micro-Lepidoptera, by C. T. Robinson.’

Dr. Horn made a few remarks on the species of Cicindc/a of the United States
and explained the subdivision into groups as adopted by Dr. LeConte in the
monograph published some years since in the Transactions of the Amer. Philo¬
sophical Society. He also spoke of the Catalogue of the genus recently pub¬
lished by Baron Chaudoir, in which a different classification has been adopted,
though without any explanation regarding the points made use of in its forma¬
tion. In this paper Chaudoir unites several of our species as varieties or races,
and doubtless with propriety. In the earlier days of entomological science it
was found necessary to describe many uniques as distinct species, as those com-

Ill

ing from different regions or sections of the same region showed such differ¬
ences that it was impossible at that time to consider them as identical. Fre¬
quently, in close proximity we find individuals of the same species so differing,
that they have been considered as belonging to distinct species, and it is not
until explorations are made in more remote regions that other races are found
proving the specific identity of the first two. To illustrate this it will only be
necessary, for the members to examine the series now before them from oregona
to repanda, in which with a fuller series of specimens than we now have, the
identity could he established without the possibility of any doubt. Such se¬
ries may be seen beautifully arranged in the collections of Dr. LeConte and
Mr. Ulke. By this it will be seen that within certain limits there can be no
greater error committed than that of considering markings alone as indicative
of specific differences. We have dorsalis and Saulcyi becoming at times entirely
white, with all degrees between this and the fully marked specimens. Punc-
tulata also, from the dull bronze immaculate specimens found with us, becomes
in the south western territory brilliant green and with markings almost as dis¬
tinct as in tortuosa. The variation of rugifrons are none the less marked, the
brilliant bluish green degenerating to a dull black in the race known as mo-
desta. It must be evident to the members that from color the only other alter¬
native is structure and it seems finally that nothing short of some well defined
and permanent structural differences indicate true specific characters. Perma¬
nent, because in the group from oregona to repanda we find differences in the
serration of the elytral tips, some being almost entirely free of this sculpture,
while in others it is very strongly marked. In some instances, structural dif¬
ferences are more strongly marked in one sex than in the other, as between the
females of cuprascens and macra. With closely drawn lines it is probable that
of our 68 species one-half, at least, would be considered races or varieties. It
therefore behooves the members to be constantly on the watch for even the
slightest variation from the typical form, so that large series may be studied
and the knowledge sooner attained as to what really constitutes a species and
what a variety in the interesting genus Cicindela.

June 10, 1867.

Vice-President Pine in the Chair.

Ten members present.

The following Papers were presented for publication in the Trans¬
actions : —

u Descriptions of a new Pscudomorpha from California, with notes
on the Pseudomorphidse, by Geo. H. Horn, M. D.”

“ On Amphizoa insolens, Lee., by Geo. H. Horn, M. D.”

The Report of the Committee on Constitution and By-Laws was ta¬
ken up, and the Constitution and Chapters 1, 2 and 3 of the By-Laws
adopted with several amendments.

July 8, 1867.

President Horn in the Chair.

Seven members present.

The following donation to the Cabinet was announced : —

8 specimens of Coleoptkra ( Cicindda oregona, C. pusilla), from Geo. II. Horn,
M. D.

The following Papers were presented for publication in the Trans¬
actions : —

“ Descriptions of new genera and species of western Scarabseidte,
with notes on others already known, by Geo. II. Horn, M. D.”

u Notes on the Zopheri of the United States, by Geo. H. Horn, M.

I).”

“ Descriptions of American Lepidoptera, No. 2, by A. R. Grote and
C. T. Robinson.”

September 9, 1867.

President Horn in the Chair.

Eleven members present.

The following donations to the Cabinet were announced : —

A small collection of Coleoptera collected at Newbern, N. C., from Mr. Isaac
Tatterson.

A small collection of Insects of various Orders, from F. Hermann Strecker.

The following donations to the Library were announced : —

Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Vol. 1, Ho. 1. From
the Publication Committee.

The American Journal of Science and Arts, July 1867. From the Conductors.

The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine for April, May, June, July and Au¬
gust 1867. From the Editors.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. IX, pp. 81—208.
From the Society.

Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 3rd series, Vol. 2, Part
6; Vol. 3, Parts 3 and 4; and Vol. 5, Parts 2 — 6. From the Society.

Proceedings of t he Zoological Society of London, 1865, Parts 1, 2 and 3 ; 1S66,
Parts 1, 2 and 3; 1867, Part 1. From the Society.

V

Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Nos. 31 to 35 inclusive. From
the Society.

List of the Members, &c., of the Linnean Society of London. 1866. From
the Society.

Proceedings of the Essex Institute, Yol. 5, No. 3. From the Institute.

Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 1, Part 2. From
the Society.

Notes on the Lepidoptera of America, by A. R. Grote and C. T. Robinson.
From the Authors.

A Monograph of the British Psocidse, by R. McLaehlan. From the Author.

The Zoologist, 2nd series, Nos. 10 — 21. From the Editor.

The American Naturalist, Yol. 1, Nos. 0 and 7. From the Editors.

Descriptions of American Pompilidse, by E. T. Cresson. From the Author.

Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom naturwissenschaflichen Vereine zur Bre¬
men, Bd. 1, Heft 2, 1807. From the Society.

Diptera Americee septentrionalis indigena Descripsit II. Loew. Berlin, 1861.
From the Author.

Essai d’une Faune Entomologique de l’Archipel Indo-Neerlandais, par S. C.
Snellen Van Vollenhoven. Premiere Monographic: Famille des Scutellerides
avec 4 Planches coloriees. Seconde Monographie : Famille des Pierides, avec
7 Planches, dont 6 coloriees. From the Author.

68 Plates of North American Lepidoptera, engraved on copper and presented
by Prof. Townend Glover.

Letters were read from the Smithsonian Institution, the Entomolo¬
gical Society of London, the Zoological Society of London, the So¬
ciety Entomologique de France and the Stettin Entomologische Ve-
rein, acknowledging the receipt of the Society’s publication.

The following Papers were presented for publication in the Trans¬
actions : —

“ Descriptions of certain Diurnal Lepidoptera found in the United
States, by Win. H. Edwards.”

“ A List of the Ichneumon idae of North America, with descriptions
of new species, by E. T. Cresson.”

“ On a new genus of Aphidae, by Henry Shinier, M. D.”

“ Description of a new species of Aleyrodes, by H. Shinier, M. D.”

“Description of a new species of Cecidomyia, by II. Shinier, M. D.”

On ballot, Henry Loreuzen and Herman Sachs, both of New York
City, were elected Corresponding Members.

The consideration of the Report of the Committee on Constitution
and By-Laws was resumed, and the whole finally adopted, as follows :

VI

OO^TSTXTTJTIOZST.

ARTICLE I.

This Society shall be called “ The American Entomological Society.”
Its object shall be for the improvement and advancement of Entomo¬
logical Science and the investigation of the character and habits of
Insects.

ARTICLE II.

The Society shall consist of resident members, corresponding mem¬
bers, and honorary members.

ARTICLE III.

The right of voting, of holding office, and of transacting business
shall be confined solely to resident members. Honorary and corres¬
ponding members shall have all other privileges of resident members.

ARTICLE IV.

The officers of the Society shall consist of a President, a Vice-
President, a Corresponding Secretary, a Recording Secretary, a Trea¬
surer. a Librarian and a Curator, all of whom shall be elected annu¬
ally, at the Stated Meeting in December.

ARTICLE V.

The common seal of the Society shall be the title of the Associa¬
tion, surrounding the words “Founded 1859,” Incorporated 1862,”
with a figure of“Pynastes Tityus,” and the motto “ Festina lente”
occupying the centre.

ARTICLE VI.

The Society shall not be dissolved unless by a vote of two-thirds of
the members, notice having been given at least six months before of
the intended action.

ARTICLE VII.

I he Society may establish such Ry-Laws for its government and
regulation as may be deemed necessary and proper.

Vll

ARTICLE VIII.

No change shall be made in this Constitution unless by a vote of
two-thirds of the members present at a stated meeting, notice of such
proposed change having been submitted in writing at a previous stated
meeting.

CHAPTER I.

OF OFFICERS AND THEIR DUTIES.

Art. I. — The President shall preside at the meetings of the So¬
ciety, enforce the laws, preserve order and decorum, regulate debates,
state and put questions agreeably to the sense and intention of the
members, and announce the determination of the Society thereupon.
He shall nominate the Chairman of all Committees other than those
especially excepted, give the casting vote when required, and call
special meetings of the Society at such times as he may deem it neces¬
sary, or at the request of any three members in writing.

Art. II. — In the absence of the President, his duties shall devolve
upon the Vice-President, or in the absence of both, a President pro
tempore, selected from the members; or at his request when present,
his duties may be performed by the Vice-President.

Art. III. — The Corresponding Secretary shall conduct and pre¬
serve the correspondence of the Society, keep correct copies of all letters
written on the business of the Society, acknowledge the receipt of all do¬
nations from persons who are not members of the Society, notify all
corresponding and honorary members of their election, and keep a
correct list of all such members, with the dates of their election, re¬
signation or death. He shall have charge of the certificates of mem¬
bership, and cause one to be properly filled up, signed, sealed and de¬
livered to each member, and shall lay before the Society at the stated
meeting in December a written report of his transactions during the
preceding year.

Vlll

Art. IV. — The Recording Secretary shall take and preserve correct
minutes of the proceedings of the Society, preserve in regular files all
documents belonging thereto that may come into his possession, read all
communications made by resident members, notify all resident mem¬
bers of their election, and all committees of their appointment, keep a
correct list of the resident members of the Society, with the date of
their election, resignation or death, and lay before the Society at the
stated meeting in December a written report of his transactions during
the preceding year. In his absence a Recording Secretary pro tempore
may be appointed.

Art. V. — The Treasurer shall receive and take charge of the funds
of the Society, except' those especially provided for and attend to the
collection and payment of monies, but no payment shall be made by
him except on an order from the President, attested by the Recording
Secretary. He shall keep a clear and detailed statement of all receipts
and expenditures which is to be laid before the Society at the stated
meeting in December, and at such other times as called upon by the
Society.

Art. VI. — The Librarian shall take charge of all books and pam¬
phlets belonging to the Society, prepare a bibliographical catalogue of
the same, collect and preserve materials for a history of the Society,
and report on the condition and state of the library at the stated meeting-
in December.

Art. VII. — The Curator shall take charge of the collections of
the Society, keep the keys thereof subject to the oall of the various
committees, attend to the increase and preservation of the same, super¬
intend the exchange of duplicates, (which must be in all cases for the
benefit of the collection ;) but before exchanges are made, he shall see
that four specimens of each American species, and two specimens
of each Foreign species are reserved for the Society; all over that
number may be considered as duplicates, and report on the condition
of the same at the stated meeting in December of each year.

CHAPTER 11.

OF MEMBERS.

Art. T. — All candidates for admission into the Society as resident
members must be proposed and vouched for in writing by two mem¬
bers, who shall lie required to have some personal acquaintance with the
person they propose, and shall also be required to state the character,

IX

profession, qualifications and usual place of residence of the candi¬
date. All propositions for resident membership must be made at a
stated meeting, and be balloted for at the next stated meeting, when
the affirmative votes of three fourths of the members present shall be
necessary to elect a candidate.

Art. II. — All propositions for admission into the Society as corres¬
ponding members must be made in writing, by two members, at a
stated meeting, and be balloted for at the next stated meeting, when
the affirmative votes of tliree-fourths of the members present shall be
necessary to elect a candidate.

Art. III. — No person residing in Philadelphia, Tinless he be an
officer of the army or navy, can be elected a corresponding member,
nor shall he continue as such after he shall have removed permanently
to Philadelphia. In such case a re-election is not necessary, but the
corresponding member becomes liable for the annual contributions.

Art. IY. — All such persons as shall in the opinion of the Society
merit that distinction, may, on the recommendation of three members,
be proposed in writing as candidates for honorary membership at one
stated meeting, and be balloted for at the next stated meeting, when a
unanimous vote shall be necessary to an election.

Art. Y. — No resident member shall be entitled to the privileges of
membership until he shall have paid the initiation fee and signed the
following obligation :

In becoming a resident member of the American Entomological Society, I
promise to conform myself to its Charter, Constitution, By-Laws and Regula¬
tions, and in testimony whereof I do hereunto subscribe my name.

Art. YI. — If any person shall be balloted for and refused, or his
name withdrawn previous to the ballot, no note of said rejection or
withdrawal shall be made on the minutes of the Society.

CHAPTER III.

OF CONTRIBUTIONS.

Art. I. — Every resident member elect shall pay to the Treasurer
an initiation fee of five dollars.

Art. II. — Every resident member shall be subject to a semi-annual
contribution of one dollar and fifty cents, payable to the Treasurer in
June and December. Resident members removing permanently from
the city shall upon request in writing, become corresponding mem-

X

bc“vs. and shall be relieved from farther annual contributions to the
Society.

Art. ITT. — Any member may become a life-member of the Society
by a contribution of fifty dollars at one time, which payment shall ex¬
empt him from all further pecuniary contributions to the Society.

Art. IV. — Any person may become entitled to receive one copy of
the publications of the Society during his life by the contribution of
one hundred dollars to the Publication Fund.

CHAPTER IY.

OF RESIGNATIONS AND EXPULSIONS. t

Art. I. — Any member shall have leave to resign upon application
in writing, provided that all arrearages due from him to the Society
have been discharged, and that there be no charge pending against
him.

Art. IL— Any resident member who shall become two years in
arrears for dues, and have been notified thereof, in writing, by the
Recording Secretary, of his delinquencies, shall upon the report of the
Secretary have his name stricken from the roll of resident members.

Art. III. — A member may be expelled from the Society for suffi¬
cient cause, by a vote of three-fourths of the members at a stated
meeting, notice of the intention of the Society to consider the subject
of expulsion of a member having been given at a previous stated
meeting.

Art. TV. — Xo member shall be expelled without having an op¬
portunity of being heard in his own defence, and any member thus
expelled shall under no circumstances be received as a candidate for
re-election.

CHAPTER V.

OF COMMITTEES AND THEIR DUTIES.

Art. I. — There shall be thirteen Standing Committees, viz.: 1, on
Coleoptera ; 2, on Lepidoptera ; 3, on Xeuroptera and Orthoptera ; -I,
on llemiptera and Aptera; 5, on Hymeuoptera; 0, on Piptera; 7, on
Insect Architecture ; 8, on Microscopy; 9, on Library; 10, on Publi¬
cation; ll,on Finance; 1 2, on Collecting Fund, and 13, on Hall;
each to consist of three members, who shall be elected annually at the
stated meeting in December.

XI

Art. II. — The Standing Committees numbered from one to nine,
inclusive, in conjunction with the Curator, shall have charge of the
collections in their respective departments. They shall properly classify,
arrange, label and keep in order all articles presented to their respec¬
tive departments, make and preserve annual catalogues of them, with
the name of the donor of each article, and at the stated meeting in
December of each year, each committee shall report on the condition
of its department.

Art. III. — The Committee on Library (of which the Librarian
shall be a member “ ex-officio’’) shall procure with the funds placed at
its disposal, such works as may be directed to be purchased, and report
from time to time what works it may consider most desirable to be
obtained for the Society. It shall have power to make such exchanges
of duplicates as may appear to it desirable, and submit at the stated
meeting in December of each year a report of its operations.

Art. IV. — The Committee on Publication shall receive all such
papers 'as have been accepted for publication by the Society, have them
published as early as possible, and follow in the publication, as far as
practicable, the order in which they have been reported upon ; and
also to publish such abstracts of the records of tl\e Society as may be
of general interest, and at the stated meeting in December of each
year submit a report of its operations.

Art. V. — The Committee on Finances (of which the Treasurer
shall be a member “ ex-officio”) shall take charge, with the Treasurer,
of all monies coming to the Society, and invest the same ; change any
or all of the investments of the Society whenever it may deem it ad¬
vantageous so to do, and report such changes to the Society at its next
stated meeting, with the reasons for making the same, and at the stated
meeting in December submit a report of its operations.

Art. VI. — The Committee on Collecting Fund shall endeavor to
raise such funds as will enable it to send out collectors, and for the
purpose of purchasing such collections of insects as may tend to en¬
hance the value of the Society's Cabinet; all subscribers to be entitled
to a share of the insects, and at the stated meeting in December of
each year submit a report of its operations.

Art. A ll. — The Committee on Hall shall have the general care of
the Hall, and shall provide such conveniences as may be necessary for
the accommodation of the officers and members of the Society. It

Xll

shall effect such insurance upon the property of the Society as may
from time to time he directed, and at the stated meeting in December
submit a report of its operations.

Art. VI IT. — In appointing all other Committees the President
shall nominate the first member, who is to nominate the second, the
second a third, and in like manner successively, until the number
agreed upon be complete.

Art. IX. — All committees must report in writing, and every report
must be signed by a majority of the committee.

CHAPTER VI.

OF TRUSTEES.

Art. T. — The Society is authorized to accept in trust, and also to
create separate funds for specific purposes, which shall be distinctly
named. The principal of each fund shall be kept invested in the
name of the Trustees, to be appointed by the Society, for such special
funds, always in such good lawful securities — the loans of the United
States, the loans of the State of Pennsylvania, or of the city of Phi¬
ladelphia, sound real estate securities, or others — as the Society may
direct, and shall be "held by the said Trustees in trust for the special
purposes for which each fund may be created.

Art. II. — All money which may accrue in the process of changing
the investment of a Trust Fund shall be invested again without delay
for the same trust; but no investment shall be changed without the
consent of the Society.

Art. III. — The Trustees for such special funds shall be in number,
five, of whom three shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business. The said Trustees shall hold their office during the plea¬
sure of the Society, and until the Society shall declare said office va¬
cant as to any one or more of said Trustees, and appoint a successor or
successors, and said Trustees and all the funds and monies in their
hands shall at all times and in all things whatsoever, be subject to the
control and management of the Society.

Art. IV. — The said Trustees shall, whenever directed by the So¬
ciety so to do, pay over the whole or any part of the Trust Funds, or
interest thereon, to such other trustees as the Society shall at any time
appoint, or to such person or persons, committee or committees, as the
Society shall at any time specify.

Xlll

Art. Y. — The said Trustees shall at the stated meeting in Decem¬
ber of each year, and at such other times as the Society shall direct,
present a report of the condition of the several funds in their hands,
the amount of monies, principal and interest, belonging to each fund,
how and when invested, the amount of disbursement thereof, and
such other information as said Trustees may think proper to present to
the Society; and whenever called upon by the Society shall report
upon any matters concerned with said funds that the Society shall
specify.

CHAPTER VII.

OF CABINET.

A !’T. I — The keys of the cases containing the Collection, shall be
kept by the Curator, subject to the call of the Members of the Com¬
mittees on the several Departments, who, with the Curator, shall have
the liberty to open the cases, and shall be responsible for all specimens
committed to their charge.

Art. TI. — No specimen or specimens of Entomology contained in
the Collection of the Society, shall be loaned from the Hall, under any
pretence or for any purpose whatever.

Art. III.— Should anyone be desirous of inspecting more closely the
specimens in the Collection, for the purpose of study or description, he
must apply to the Curator, or any Member of the Committee on that
Department.

Art. IY. — No specimens will be received on deposit ; but all speci¬
mens contained in the Collection, are considered the property of the
Society,

Art. Y. — The Cabinet of the Society shall be open to the study
and inspection of the members, on every Monday evening from 7 to 10
o’clock.

CHAPTER VIII.

OF LIBRARY.

Art. I. — The Library shall contain only books having reference to
Entomology, and no books presented to the Society, shall be loaned
from the Hall, under any pretence or for any purpose whatever.

Art. II. — Rooks deposited in the Library shall, at all times, be at
the command of the depositor, and none shall be loaned from the Hall,
unless with his written consent.

XIV

Art. TIT. — The Librarian shall have possession of the keys of the
Library, (duplicates being under the care of the Curator.) subject to
the call of the Members of the Committee, shall enter in each volume
the name of the donor, and, with the Curator, be responsible for all
works committed to his charge.

Art. IV. — The Library shall be open to the members, for inspec¬
tion and reference, on every Monday evening from 7 to 1U o’clock.

CHAPTER IX.

OF PUBLICATION.

Art. I. — All written communications intended for publication, read
or presented to the Society, shall be referred to the Committee, in
whose department they are, to report thereon at the next Stated
Meeting.

Art. IT. — All such communications become the property of the So¬
ciety, and shall be deposited in its Archives after publication; a copy,
however, of any paper read before the Society, may be taken by the
author; but all written communications which shall not be accepted
for publication, may be returned to the author if requested.

Art. III. — No author shall be permitted to make any other than
verbal alterations in a paper, while it is in the hands of the Publication
Committee, without the consent of the Society; nor shall the Commit¬
tee make any alterations in a paper committed to it. without the con¬
sent of the author. All alterations proposed, other than verbal, must
be read to the Society, and if the types are set, they shall be made
only at the expense of the author.

Art. TV. — The regular publication of the Society, shall be called
“The Transactions of the American Entomological Society,” and
shall be published in numbers of a uniform octavo size, at as short in¬
tervals as practicable. The expenses of publishing the Transactions
shall be defrayed by subscriptions and sales, aided by the interest aris¬
ing from the permanent Publication Fund.

Art. A'. — The Committee shall keep a correct account of its tnonev
transactions, receiving all monies arising from the sale of the Trans¬
actions and interest from the Publication Fund, and paying all hills
for publishing the same, these having been first approved by a majority
of the Committee.

XV

CHAPTER X.

MEETINGS.

Art. T. — The Stated Meetings of the Society shall be held on the
second Monday evening of each month, at such hours as may be fixed
from time to time by the Society.

Art. II. — Special Meetings of the Society may be called by the
President, whenever he may deem it neccessary, or at the request of
any three members in writing.

Art. III. — Seven members shall constitute a quorum for the trans¬
action of business.

Art. IV. — The order of business at Stated Meetings shall be as
follows : —

1. Minutes of last Stated Meeting shall be read.

2. Reports of Officers and Committees.

.3. Donations to Cabinet.

4. Donations to Library.

5. Written communications.

6. Verbal communications.

7. Unfinished business.

S. Kew business.

9. Proposals and Elections.

10. Rough minutes read'and adopted.

11. Adjournment.

CHAPTER XI.

Art. I. — In case of the dissolution of the Society, a meeting of the
Resident Members shall be called, to decide upon the disposition which
shall be made of its property.

Art. II. — In all such points of order as are not noticed in these
By-Laws, the Society is to be governed by the established usages of si¬
milar Institutions.

Art III. — Every proposition to alter or amend these By-Laws,
shall be submitted in writing at a Stated Meeting, and acted upon at
the next Stated Meeting, and if adopted by the affirmative votes of
two-thirds of the members present, it shall become part of these By-
Laws; provided, that at least ten members be present at each of the
readings.

Art. IV. — Xo one or more of these By-Laws shall be suspended.

xvi

October 14, 1SG7.

President Horn in the Chair.

Ten members present.

The following donation to the Cabinet was announced : —

16 specimens of Lepidoptera (Argynnis Diana, % 9. Theda poeas, T.falacer,
Polyommatus comyntus, Hesperia cellus, H. leonardis, II. logan), from James Ri¬
dings.

The following donations to the Library were announced: —

Annales de la Soeiete Entomologique de France. Vol. 5, Part 4 (1836), Vol. 6
Part 1 (1837), 4th series Vol. 5, Part 4, and Vol. 6, Parts 1 to 4 inclusive. From
the Society.

The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, for September 1S67. From the
Editors.

The American Journal of Science and Arts, September 1867. From the Con¬
ductors.

Condition and doings of the Boston Society of Natural History. (From the
Annual Reports of Officers.) May, 1867. From the Society.

Letters were received from the Secretary of the Linnean Society of
London, and from the Editors of the Entomologist’s M on thly Maga¬
zine, acknowledging the receipt of the Society’s publication.

- 0 -

November 11, 18G7.

President Horn in the Chair.

Nine members present.

The following donations to the Library were announced : —

Proceedings of the Essex Institute, Vol. 5, No. 4. From the Institute.

Transactions of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, New series.
Part 5. From the Society. .

The American Naturalist, Vol. 1, No. 8. From the Editors.

Revue des Cours Seientifiques de la France et de l’estranger, Quartrieme an-
nee, Numero 31. From the Directors.

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1867, Nos.
1, 2 and 3. From the Academy. *

Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Vol. 1, No. 1. From
the Publication Committee.

Letters were read from the Smithsonian Institution, the Essex In¬
stitute, and the Chicago Academy of Sciences, acknowledging the re¬
ceipt of the Society’s publication.

TIR^II^S^CTIOlSrS

OF THE

AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

VOLUME I.

DESCRIPTIONS OF AMERICAN LEPIDOFTERA.— NO. 1.

BY AUG. R. GROTE and COLEMAN T. ROBINSON.

[Communicated March 11, 1867.]

Family, HESPERIIDAE.

HESPERIA. Fabr.

Hesperia punctella, n. sp.

Male. — Head, thorax and abdomen, above, olivaceous blackish ; be¬
neath. the palpi are clothed with mixed whitish and fuscous hair, the
eyes are narrowly bordered interiorly by pale scales, the thorax is
clothed with dull olivaceous hair, and the abdomen is touched here
and there with pale scales. Antennae, slender and moderately lone ;
above, the stem, before the “club,” is fuscous and obsoletely annulate
with a paler shade, which latter becomes more prominent before the
apical distension; beneath, more plainly annulate with yellowish-white,
which latter shade becomes continuous over the base of the “club;”
this latter is elongate, black above, and below, and terminates in the
usual short booklet, carried at right angles with the antennal stem.
Legs, fuscous, paler inwardly; posterior femora with two pairs of short,
unequal, and slender spurs, which are of a very pale color, and of
which the terminal pairs are the most prominent.

Wings, above, glossy olivaceous blackish, with a variable coppery
reflection ; anterior pair, elongate, sub-triangular, straight along costal
margin, produced at apices; an oblique, dull black, stigmal dash, ex¬
tending from base of 2nd median nervule, inwardly, to above internal
nervure; a white dot above this, situate near the base of the interspace
between 1st and 2nd median nervules; a white dot within this, placed
sub-costally above and near the outer extremity of the discal cell. A
cluster of three similar very approximate white dots, one under the
other, the lower the largest, slightly curved and placed iuterspaceally
sub-apically between the sub-costal nervules, and forming, with regard

l 1 ) June, 1867.

TUANS. AMUR. ENT. SOC.

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

to the two other dots the apex of an oblique triangle, which might be
drawn so as to include all these maculations ; apically, the wings are
dull blackish ; fringes, pale, stained with darker shades below the apex
and interruptedly so at the middle; posterior wings, resembling prima¬
ries in coloration, immaculate, slightly produced at anal angle; fringes,
pale, immaculate.

Under surface of wings, dull olivaceous blackish, with lilac and
brown shades. Anterior pair bright brown along costa and more dif¬
fusely so towards the apex ; the white dots of the upper surface are
here reproduced, surmounted by three short, oblique, costal pale marks,
but they are larger, more nearly one sized and sub-quadrate; a lilac
shade, deepening inwardly interiorly to purplish, spreads terminally
from apex to about 2nd median nervule ; fringes as on upper surface,
but more prominently interrupted with darker scales at the extremity-
of the nervules. Secondaries, dull obscure brownish, somewhat oliva¬
ceous along internal margin, and obsoletely shaded with light purple
at the middle; a faint, extra mesial, arcuate band of disconnected iu-
terspaceal, pale discolorous blotches, which are discontinued within in¬
ternal margin, and most prominent at the bases of the median nervule;
a terminal lilac shade much as on anterior wings; a terminate narrow
dark line ; fringes, pale, obsoletely interrupted with dark scales at the
extremities of the nervules.

Expanse , 1.50 inch. Length of body, 0.70 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Georgia!)

This species bears a slight resemblance to Eudam us bathyllus, Bdv.
and Lee., in coloration. It is structurally distinct in the shorter an¬
tennae, wanting the prominent reflection of Eudamus, narrower prima¬
ries, and by having the abdomen as long as the internal margin of the
secondaries. We have examined two male specimens, taken by Mr.
James Ridings, in Georgia, during the early summer of 1800.

Hesperia fusca, n. sp.

Male. — Head, thorax and abdomen, above, olivaceous blackish; the
prothoracic scales are shaded with golden brown, which latter shade
extends narrowly above the eyes and linearity across the front and
strongly tinges the terminal palpal hairs. Beneath, the palpal scales
are yellowish-white, which latter color extends narrowly below the
eyes; the thoracic scales are pale yellowish olivaceous; the abdomen
is shaded with obscure whitish. Antennae, moderate, slender; the an¬
tennal stem, above, is fuscous, beneath, annulated with yellowish-white,
which latter shade extends over the ‘‘club" at base, the latter mode-

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

3

rate, elongate, above entirely black, but beneath only terminally so;
the terminal hooklet is short, and carried at right angles with the an-
teunal stem. Legs, obscure olivaceous, paler within, hind femora with-
two pair of very slight, sub-equal spurs.

Wings, above, glossy olivaceous blackish, immaculate; anterior pair
slightly produced at apices, moderately straight along external margin;
the costal region is somewhat elevated, and, superiorly, the wing is a
little wrinkled ; there is a faint and variable yellowish-brown reflection
equally distributed; fringes, pale, immaculate; posterior wings, rounded
along external margin, straight along internal margin, so that the anal
angle, without projecting, is yet acute; the coloration as on primaries;
fringes, pale, immaculate.

Under surface of wings, shaded with lustrous golden brown scales.
Anterior pair, dull olivaceous blackish, shaded with somewhat pale gol¬
den brown scales superiorly and terminally ; fringes as on upper sur¬
face. Posterior wings, evenly covered with pale golden brown scales,
except for an inwardly, straightly defined, longitudinal space before in¬
ternal margin, which is dull olivaceous blackish; fringes as on upper
surface.

Female. — Resembles the male ; the wings are less produced at the
apices and angles ; the yellowish shades among the palpal and caputal
scales in the male, are paler and whitish, as is also the inferior thoracic
and abdominal squamation.

Expanse , £ and 9 > 105 inch. Length of body, £ , 0.55, 9 , 0.50
inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Georgia! Ridings; Florida! Linden.)

We have examined one female and three male specimens of this
small species, which may be recognized by its immaculate wings and
dull obscure coloration, hardly relieved by the golden brown scales of
the under surface.

Hesperia alternata, n. sp.

Female. — Head, thorax and abdomen, above, olivaceous blackish ;
laterally, the thoracic parts are furnished with long olivaceous hair,
which covers the abdomen at base. Beneath, the palpi are clothed
with whitish and uiixed dark scales, and the eyes are bordered interi¬
orly with pale scales ; the thoracic parts are somewhat loosely clothed
with cinereous or slate-ashen hair, which becomes somewhat whitish
between the anterior femora ; abdomen, sprinkled with grey scales,
which form incomplete segmentary bands, narrowly fringing the infe¬
rior edges of the abdominal segments laterally, and continued obso*-

I

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

letely superiorly. Legs, finely scaled, blackish, slightly touched with
grey scales; hind tibiae fringed with long and sparse ashen hairs, and
provided with two pairs of short, slight, sub-equal spurs. Antennae,
moderate, black, annulate with white, more prominently so beneath,
where the base of the “club” is also white, whereas above, this is en¬
tirely black.

Wings, blackish-brown, lustrous; anterior pair, trigonate, produced
at apices, external margin slightly oblique, hardly rounded, slightly
projected at internal angle ; posterior pair, rounded along external
margin and having internal margin a little shorter than abdomen.
Above, the anterior wings are lustrous blackish-brown, faintly shaded
with olivaceous at base and along internal margin, immaculate, except
a very faint series of disconnected pale marks, three in number, situate
sub-terminally and obsoletely, constituting the usual band ; these
marks are composed of a few powdery pale scales and readily escape
observation; the first and longest is situate sub-costally across the api¬
cal nervules; the remaining two are situate near the base of the inter¬
spaces between the upper median nervules, the upper most the smallest
and nearer the external margin. In shape all these marks are linear;
that below costa a little arcuate; fringes, white, prominent, narrowly
interrupted with blackish at the extremity of the nervules. Posterior
wings, blackish-brown, immaculate, with long olivaceous brown hair
along internal margin, and spreading sparsely over the base; fringes,
white, prominent, obsoletely interrupted with blackish at the extremity
of the nervules. Beneath : anterior wings colored as on upper surface,
but a little paler, with a slight purple shade, and having the sub-ter¬
minal pale marks very slightly more prominent; fringes as on upper
surface; the posterior winsrs are blackish-brown, lustreless, and the
whole surface is very distinctly irrorate, or powdered with cinereous or
slaty-ashen scales, except for a rather wide longitudinal space before
internal margin, extending from base to external margin, towards
which it widens, where the ground color of the wing prevails, entirely
free from pale scales, which again are sprinkled beyond it along inter¬
nal margin ; these irrorations are gathered centrally so as to form a
linear median sinuate band, continued from costal margin to the space
before internal margin, which is free from irrorations; fringes as on
upper surface.

Expanse , 0.95 inch. Length of body, 0.50 inch.

Habitat — Atlantic District. (Georgia!)

Resembles Hesperia samoset, S< udder, ( Ilesp . nemoris , Edwards,)
but differs by the obsolescence of the pale marks on anterior wings
and the coloration of the posterior wings beneath.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

5

Family BOMBYCIDAE.

Sub-family Ceratocampidae.

Tribe DRYOCAMPINI.

PSEPHOPAECTES, n. g.

9 . Head, depressed, impacted on the prothoracic parts, which are
greatly advanced and projected above it. Eyes, very large and globose.
Clypeus, broad, triangulate. Antennae, slender, shorter than the tho¬
rax, bi-pectinate at base for a third of their length, thence simple to
tips. Oral structure obsolete. Thorax, globose and elevated, half as
long as the abdomen, thus proportionately" more elongated than in
Adelocephala. Abdomen, extending as far as internal margin of se¬
condaries. Y ings, rather narrow and elongated.

Primaries, with the costa very straight, and but slightly depressed
before the acuminate apices. External margin scolloped, moderately
oblique. A shallow excavation below the tips, the margin rising to
disco-central interspace where it is produced, but is again and more
deeply excavate between first and third median nervule. At the ex¬
tremity of this latter nervule, the wing is again produced, thence reced¬
ing to internal angle, this latter rounded and impromiueut. The ner-
vules are straight or slightly arched. The discal cell is narrow ; the
3rd sub-costal thrown off from the nervure itself and not from the dis¬
cal cross-vein as in Adelocephala and Anisota, ( Dryocnmpa , Harris).
The median nervure is straight, and its division into first and second
median uervules takes place at a point before the extremity of the dis¬
cal cell, the second, proceeding straightly to the margin, while the first
is slightly arched, but not abruptly taking a divaricating course as in
allied genera. The discal cell is closed, but the veinlet is weak, and
is, perhaps, not a true nervure. The third median nervule is thrown
off from the nervure at a point about midway between the base of the
wing and the point at which the first and second nervules divaricate ;
it is directed downwards, but still slightly arched, and the space on
external margin between the nervules is wider than usual, owing more
particular to the arcuation of the first median nervule beyond the dis¬
cal cell. Internal nervule, straight; the sub-median fold ruus approxi¬
mate to third median nervule. Secondaries, irregular in shape. The
costa is basally projected, thence depressed or cut away to the apices,
these latter rounded and full. The external margin is rounded ly pro¬
duced superiorly, shallowly excavate between the median uervules,
again roundedly and shortly produced towards anal angle. Internal

6

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

margin long and straight, slightly folded. Costal nervure arched at
base and following the shape of the wing, joining the costal margin
before the apex. Diseal cell somewhat pyriform. The sub-costal uer-
vules are not thrown off together, but the first, on the upper side of
the nervure, is thrown off before the divarication of the second and
third.

This genus bears a remarkably close though superficial resemblance
to Smerinthus, Lair. ; thus the general appearance is very deceptive.
The analogies of Psephopaectes, with the Sphiugidae, are not merely
expressed in the conformation of the wings; analogical characters may
be traced throughout, as, for instance, in the comparatively large eyes,
in which an approximation is shown to the saliency of these organs in
a higher Family. The affinities of the moth, on the other hand, are
with the Bombycidae, and its true position is with Adelocepliala, and
allied genera belonging to the lower Tribe of the Sub-family Cerato-
campidac — the Dryocampin i.

In Psephopaectes, we have a fresh illustration of the varied and in¬
teresting analogical forms afforded by the Bombycidae. Dr. Packard
has already remarked: “Within the Sub-order Lepidoptera there is a
true and beautiful synthesis located in the Bombyces.”* We take, then,
the occasion of repeating Dr. Packard’s words on this subject, merely
to corroborate his views.

Psephopaectes simulatilis. n. sp. (Plate 1, fig. 1, £ .)

% . Fawn color, with a light purple shade. Head, thorax and ab¬
domen, uniformly pale fawn color; legs, darker, becoming purplish on
tarsi and tibiae outwardly. Primaries, brownish ochreous, obsoletely
irrorate, darker at base and outside of the external transverse line. An
oblique, basal, darker, transverse line projected superiorly. Median
space, paler than the wing elsewhere, limited externally by a narrow, even,
oblique, external, dark brown line, which emanates from costa at apical
fourth, and joins internal margin without the middle. Discal cross¬
vein faintly marked and clouded with darker scales. Outside the ex¬
ternal transverse line, the wing is more intensely colored than elsewhere,
being of a deep tawny ochreous, and is overcast by a light lilac shade,
this latter obtaining as a determinate color, from first median nervule
to internal angle along the terminal margin of the wing. The short
fringes are dark, especially inferiorly. Under surface, resembling up-

* Packard : On Synthetic Types in Insects, Art. xv, Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist,
Vol. x, p. 602, June, 1863.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

i

per surface of secondaries in ornamentation. Basally and centrally
the wing is covered with bright rose-colored, longer, hair-like scales,
forming a middle triangular patch. A large, distinct, deep black dis-
cal blotch, lying immediately beyond the cell. An external darker
transverse band, diffusely shaded outwardly, and becoming roseate
where it crosses the middle patch. Internal angle washed with lilac.
Elsewhere the ground color of the wing is as on upper surface, becom¬
ing very pale along internal margin.

Secondaries, above, with a central bright rose-colored patch of
longer, hair-like scales. A large, distinct, deep black, discal blotch
like that on under surface of primaries. An arcuate, external, trans¬
verse line, becoming roseate where it crosses the central bright shade,
above and below which it is more faintly continued. Elsewhere the
secondaries are concolorous with upper surface of primaries, and are
slightly touched with lilac over anal angle. Under surface, pale dull
brownish ochreous, obsoletely irrorate, without markings, except a me¬
dian diffuse darker shade band which is broadest on costa and discon¬
tinued interiorly.

Expanse , 3.00 inches. Length of body , 1.25 inch.

Habitat. — Mexico, (W. II. Edwards, Esq.)

This species is very distinct from Adelocephala subangulata, as illus¬
trated by Dr. Herrich-Schaeffer. Our specimen has lost some of the
scales, at the base of the wings above, by atrition.

ADELOCEPHALA. Boisd.

Mr. Walker, (C. B. M., Lep. Het. PI. 6, p. 1498), in writing for
the first time upon this genus, ascribes simple antennae ( uFoem . —
Antennae simplices.”) to the female. But the first species cited —
Adelocephala cadmus, Boisd — as illustrated by Dr. Herrich-Schaeffer,
has the antennae (fig. 78) feathered at base, and but little less promi¬
nently than in the male (fig. 77), from which latter it differs in the
rounded external margins of the wings. We describe here a new
Mexican species of the genus, which approaches our United States A.
bicolor, Harris , sp., quite closely in habitus and structure, but the
antennae (9) are simple. In the shape of the secondaries, the pecu¬
liar color and structure of the feet, our new species (A. quadrilineata),
agrees with, and otherwise presents no marked differences when com¬
pared with A. bicolor. In the female Adelocephala anthonilis, Boisd.,
the antenna; are basally impectinate, and in a large aud heavy, hith¬
erto undescribed Mexican species, (A. grandis, nob.) which equals in
size the Brazillian A. cadmus, the 9 antennae are also simple. This

8

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

genus then, at least provisionally, may contain species in which the
9 antennal stem may be either simple or basally pectinate; the slight
processes with which the antennae of 9 A. bicolor are provided, con¬
trasting as strongly with the long pectinations of 9 A. cadmus, as
with the simple ones of 9 A. grandis. Adelocephala. as here con¬
sidered, stands higher than Anisota, of which it is, in a certain sense,
an out-growth, so speak. Its position is intermediate between Cithe-
ronia and Anisota. In arranging the species of this latter genus we
naturally begin with Anisota stigma, and conclude with A. rubi-
cunda, a species in which the typical tribal coloration is lost, and the
appearance of the moth is disturbed by its analogies with a lower and
succeeding Group of Bombycidae.

The North American species referred to, Adelocephala, are as
follows :

Adelocephala grandis. n. s., (Plate 1, fig. 7, 9 )•

9 . 8ize, large; form, stout and heavy. Head, rather small and
sunken, invisible from above, owing to the well developed and advanced
prothoracic parts. Antennae, simple, short, basally thickened; com¬
pared to the size of the insect they may be termed slight. Abdomen,
stout and heavy, projecting beyond the anal angle of secondaries.
Thorax, globose, heavy and short. The squamation is thick and
close, but not woolly, rather smooth and evenly distributed over the
body parts. The color is rather pale brownish ochreous ; beneath,
with a roseate hue which suffuses the under abdominal parts, and is
continued over the under thoracic parts and legs at base. The tarsi
and tibiae are purplish, at least outwardly, the anterior pair the
darker.

Wings, full and large. Anterior wings somewhat arched along costa
from base to apices, which latter are acuminate but depressed. The
external margin is somewhat sinuous, siuce it retreats inwardly below
apex to disco-central nervule, where it is somewhat bulged out, round¬
ing thence to internal angle, this latter improminent and rounded oft’,
the internal nervure and margin of the wing being straight and short.
Discal cell retreating towards the base of the wing and squarely closed
by a stout and true nervure. Above, the primaries are brownish
ochreous. A straight, short, obliquely transverse, darker shade line at
base crossing the discal cell. About the discal cross-vein, a faint
clouded darker shade. The median space is paler than the wing else¬
where and bounded outwardly by a second, greatly longer and more
prominent and deeper colored transverse line, which emanates from

1

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

9

costa at apical fourth and runs, with a slight outward inflection,
straightly and very obliquely to internal margin, joining the latter at
about the middle. Outside of this second and outer transverse line,
the wing is darker colored than elsewhere and obsoletely irrorate with
dark dots, becoming faintly paler and obsoletely roseate below apices,
this brighter hue touching the fringes between 3rd median nervule
and internal nervure before the angle. Between first and third me¬
dian nervules, the wing is deeply clouded with a darker shade than
elsewhere. With the exception noted above, the short fringes are
dark brownish. Undersurface, brighter colored than upper. Over tin-
middle, from base to the external diffuse transverse band, the wing U
covered with longer hair-like roseate scales. Beyond the discal cross¬
vein, at the base of the interspace between the disco-central and first
median nervules, is a prominent discolorous dark purple browu spot, or
rather an accumulation of dark hair-like scales; the disco-central ner¬
vule springing very near the inception of the discal cross-vein, at a
point where this latter is angulated superiorly, the interspace at base
is nearly as wide as the discal cell itself. A broad, transverse, exter¬
nal shade band, corresponding with, but uot resembling the outer
transverse line of the upper surface, since it appears as a broad, bright
ochreous band, widest and most distinct on costa, tapering to the stout
sub-median fold (the latter an obsolete nervure) and discontinued be¬
fore internal margin. Below first median nervule, this band becomes
roseate ; here it crosses the central roseate patch externally and shows
as a darker, more linear shade. Outside the external transverse band,
the wing is sparsely sprinkled with blackish striae; below apices
washed with a rose colored shade, becoming obsolete inferiorly.

Secondaries with the costa prominently exerted basally, thence cut
away straightly and downwardly obliquely to apex. The costal ner¬
vure is correspondingly inflected, and joins the margin before the apex.
The external margin is rounded outwardly and evenly to anal angle,
immediately before which it is retired inwardly at the expense of the
straight and short internal margin. Above : the disc and the centre
of the wing are taken up with a large roseate patch, composed of
longer hair-like scales. At the discal cross-vein, a large, nearly black
scale patch, resembling that of the under surface of primaries, only
larger and more prominent and darkly colored. Outside of, and limit¬
ing this roseate patch externally, is a transverse, somewhat arcuate,
dark roseate band, discontinued above and below. Elsewhere the
wings are rather dark brownish ochreous, similarly colored with the

TRANS. AUER. ENT. SOC. ( 2 ) JCNE, IS67.

10

GROTE ANI) ROBINSON.

primaries outside of tlie external transverse band, and obsoletely irro-
rate. Fringes, pale ; thus differing notably from the dark fringes of
the primaries. Undersurface, rather pile brownish ochreous, obso¬
letely irrorate ; a very broad dark brownish transverse baud, resem¬
bling that on primaries, becoming obsolete below first median nervule.
Externally, the wing is washed with rose color, but this brighter shade
is not continued along internal margin or over the angle. No discal
spot of any kind.

The upper surface of secondaries interestingly resembles the under
surface of primaries, and vice versa; so that each wing reproduces,
on one of its surfaces, the approximate ornamentation of the opposed
surface of the other. This not unfrequently occurs among the species
of the present group.

Expanse , 9 , 5.20 inch. Length of body, 2.00 inch.

Habitat. — Mexico, (Mr. W. H. Edwards). No. 130.”

Is readily distinguished from the Brazilian Adelocephala cadmus, by
the black discal spot of the secondaries above, as well as by the simple
9 antennae and a number of other less prominent characters.

Adelocephala albolineata. Grote and Robinson.

Adelocephala albolineata, G. and R., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., Vol. 6., No. 1, p. 7,
Plate 1, fig. 5. (18(56).

Habitat. — Mexico. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

Adelocephala bicolor, Grote. (Plate 1, fig. 3, 9 •> 4, 9 reverse.)

Dryocampa bicolor, Harris, Rt. Ins., Mass., p. 293. (1841).

Dryocampa bicolor, Harris, Tr. Ins. Inj., Veg., (3d Ed.), p. 408. (1862).

Dryocampa bicolor, Morris, Syn. Lep. N. A., Sin. Ins. p. 232. (1862).

Anisota bicolor, Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., p. 63. (June, 1864).

Sphinyicampa distigma, Walsh, Proc. Bust. Soc. Nat. Hist., p. 290. (Febru¬
ary, 1864).

Dryocamjm bicolor, Walsh, 1. c., p. 293. (February, 1864).

Dryocampa bicolor, Packd., Proc. E it. Soc., Phil., Vol. 3, p. 384. (Decem¬
ber, 1864.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District,

This species varies in the ground color of the wings becoming more
reddish than in the specimen we figure. Such an individual was taken
by Mr. Grote in Arkansas, and is now in the possession of Dr. Packard.
Although meagre, Harris’ description evidently refers to this species,
in which the 9 antennae are slightly pectinate at base. Mr. Walsh’s
error in erecting two genera and species ou individuals generically in¬
separable and specifically identical, has been elsewhere sufficiently ex¬
posed. In regard to a critical study of all the species of this Tribe,
it. has already been remarked, that we must be prepared for slight dif-

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

II

fevences of structure between the species. Mr. Grote (1. c.) lias also
written with regard to A. bicolor: “Should, on an examination of
actual specimens, our species be found generically distinct, the name
proposed by Mr. Walsh will prevail, and our species be known as
Sphingicampa bicolor.” As yet there seems no propriety in adopting
th is latter determination.

Adelocephala quadrilineata, n. s. (Plate 1, fig. 2, 9 )•

9 . Size, moderate ; form a little slenderer than A. bicolor, with
which latter species it conforms in appearance and habit. Head,
sunken in the prothoracic parts; antennae, slender, short, and very
slightly thickened basally. Thorax, short and stout, globose and eleva¬
ted, thickly scaled. Above, the head and body parts are bright ochreous
tawny; beneath, the abdomen is of a slightly duller and darker color,
while the scales fringing the segments and anus are of a brighter taw¬
ny ochreous shade. The tibiae and tarsi are of a dark lead color out¬
wardly.

Wings, full and rounded. Primaries, at base, bright ochreous taw¬
ny, which color spreads along costa and over the discal cell, forming a
diffuse darker shade about the discal cross-vein. Med ian space, paler
than the wing elsewhere, distinctly limited on either side by two trans¬
verse determinate dark brown lines. The first of these is short, slightly
angulate at costa, thence running straightly, obliquely inwardly to in¬
ternal margin. The second, long, emanating from costa at apical
fourth, and running straightly and very obliquely inwardly to internal
margin, which it joins at about the middle. Outside of this latter
line, the wing is again evenly bright tawny ochreous as at base,
while the sub-obsolete irrorations are more prominent and perceivable.
The external and internal margins are narrowly fringed with dark
brown. Undersurface, paler than upper. Over the base, centrally, is
spread a diffuse roseate patch ; here the scales are longer and hair-like.
Beyond the discal cross-vein, a brownish macular discoloration. A
single external transverse even dark brown line most distinct on costa,
fading towards internal margin. Externally, from the apices down¬
ward, the wings are diffusedly shaded with a darker hue.

Secondaries, above, largely bright and deep rose color, becoming
more intense in hue towards the base and along external margin, where
the scales are longer and more hair-like. Costa and external margin,
narrowly pale ochreous tawny. Fringes, very pale; thus quite unlike
those of the anterior wings. Undersurface, pale dull ochreous tawny,
obsoletely irrorate. A single brown band is drawn across the wings.

12

GROTK AND ROBINSON.

most distinct on costa, fading towards internal margin, before which it
becomes obsolete. No discal spots on either surface. In shape the
secondaries are as in A. bicolor.

Expanse , 9 , 2.85 iuch. Length of body, 1.10 inch.

Habitat. — Mexico.

Is at once distinguished from 9 A. bicolor, by the distinct lines of
the upper surface of primaries and simple antennae.

Family PHALAENIDAE.

PERICALLIA. Stephens.

Pericallia kentaria, n. s. (Plate 1, fig. 5, 9 ; 6, 9 reverse).

Selenia kentaria, G. and R., MS.

9 . Head and collar, whitish ; beneath, the compressed palpi, the
under thoracic parts and inside of the legs are deep obscure ochraceous.
Outwardly, the legs are palely colored and everywhere sparsely and
finely irrorate with blackish scales. Thorax, above, loosely haired,
pale, dull whitish fawn color; the scales anteriorly, from beneath the
‘ collar,” are darker tinged. Abdomen, hardly as long as internal
margin of secondaries, pale ochraceous, irrorate with black scales and
with diffuse sementary pale shades continued entirely around. Antennae,
moderate; the stem, above, is covered with pale scales, beneath it is
brownish, with a double row of reduced pectinations.

W ings shaped as in P. syringaria. Costa of primaries sinuous;
roundedly produced at base, depressed before the truncated apices.
External margin produced medially, sub-excavate between the nervules.
Dull fawn color with bright ochraceous and whitish shades, sparsely
and rather coarsely irrorate. At extreme base the costal region is
bright ochraceous, mottled with ferruginous transverse streaks, form¬
ing a distinct blotch. Below the median nervure, from the base to the
third transverse band, the wing is dull fawn color. Costal region more
whitish than elsewhere. Three deep brown transverse irregular bands
cross the wing from costa to internal margin. These are very broadly
marked on costal region, below which they are linear, the first and se¬
cond slightly diffuse. The first is angulated outwardly on median ner¬
vure. The second, at the middle of the wing, is somewhat flexuous
or sinuate. The third band follows the second, at a nearer distance
than the second does the first; this is distinct and linear, less heavily
marked on costa than the others, rounded outwardly to median ner¬
vure, where it is bent inwardly, thence running straightly to internal
margin. At extremity of the discal cell, between the second and third
transverse bands, the wing is suffused with bright ochraceous. A

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

13

linear, oblique, clear colored discal streak. Outside of the third trans¬
verse line, the wing is broadly pale fawn color, darker in color than
the whitish costa. Terminally, the wing is bright ochraceous from
apices to internal angle; the whitish costal scales extending downwards
and linearily intruding so as to form a pre-apical semi-circular mark;
the short fringes are dark brownish. Internal margin fringed with long
concolorous fawn colored hair. Undersurface, resembling upper, but
brighter colored and more distinctly marked. The paler shades are
lighter, and the darker shades deeper than on the upper surface. The
nervules are distinctly relieved terminally by dark scales.

Posterior wings, resembling primaries in general coloration and ap¬
pearance. At base darker, dull fawn color. Two parallel approxi¬
mate dull brownish transverse lines; between these, the wing is more
ochraceous than elsewhere. The inner of these lines crosses the clear
colored comma-shaped discal streak. Beyond the outer line, the pale
ground color appears as a coincident transverse pale shade. Terminally,
the wing is ochraceous, while at anal and costal angles the pale ground
of the wing diffusely intrudes. The short fringes are dark brownish.
Beneath, as on primaries, the secondaries are very much more brightly
marked. Base, largely bright ochraceous, transversely mottled with
ferruginous transverse streaks. The inner line is diffuse, distinct and
bright ferruginous. Outside the second line the coincident pale shade
is white. Beyond it, the wing is darker than on upper surface. The
‘•veins” are generally picked out bv dark scales.

Expanse, 9 , 2.00 inch. Length of both/, 0.70 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Brewster’s, Putnam Co., N. Y.,
April 14th! C. T. B.)

Appears to represent the European Pericallia syrangaria, Stephens ,
in the fauna of the Atlantic District. It is a larger and brighter co¬
lored species. The markings, while quite similar, are more prominently
expressed ; this is especially true of the ochraceous tints of both surfaces
and of the transverse bands of the primaries, which are more broadly
marked on the costal region of the upper surface than in the European
species. The second transverse baud is more irregular, while the third
is inwardly bent on the median nervure. In P. syringaria, the third
band is straight and further removed towards the external margin of
the wing. The latter seems to afford a ready character by which we
may distinguish this fine species from its European congener. Ap¬
pearing very early in the season, P. kentaria seems as yet to have es¬
caped the notice of our collectors of Lepidoptera. It is an interesting

14

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

and beautiful addition to the Lepidopterous fauna of our Middle
States.

Family, PYRALIDAE.

Sub-Family, Pyralididae.

In the Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, Yol. 7, 1863, will be
found an extended Revision,* by Jul. Lederer, of the Pyralidae, which,
while it takes cognizance of all the species of the Family that had
been noticed by Authors up to that date, is of great interest to the
student, from the originality of the classificatory views therein pre¬
sented. In offering the descriptions of certain Pyralidae, chiefly from
the Atlantic District of the United States, it is not our purpose to
discuss the merits of Lederer’s Classification of the Family, which
will be found to differ radically from that of Messrs. Guenee and
Walker. We briefly refer to the circumstance, that the species for¬
merly separated under the generic names Ennychia (non Led.), Rho-
daria, and Pj/rausta , are united to Botys, Treits., which latter genus
thus obtains a much wider signification than had previously been ac¬
corded to it by Authros. For the reasons adduced by Lederer for this
change, as well as for critical remarks on M. Guenee’s so-called “ Fa¬
milies” in this Group, we refer the Student to the Paper itself, and
have contented ourselves for the present in citing our former MS.
determinations of certain species, where such appeared to belong to
genera not recognized by the Austrian Entomologist.

ASOPIA, Treitschke, emend. Led.

Asopia unimacula, n. s. (Plate 2, fig. 8, % .)

Pyralis unimacula, G. & It., MS.

Palpi short, whitish beneath. Head and thoracic region, above,
obscure olivaceous fuscous or blackish. Abdomen, a little paler than
thorax, the segments narrowly edged posteriorly with whitish scales;
beneath, glistening, whitish. Legs, testaceous whitish, a little darker
shaded inwardly on the femora; under thoracic surface, whitish.

Anterior wings, silky, of an obscure fuscous or blackish color, with
a slight opaline reflection ; all the markings are obsolete, except a
broad, evident, pale yellow costal blotch or abbreviated band, situate
at without the middle, and rather distinctly margined ; outwardly, this
spot has a sinuous depression ; it is also somewhat obliquely placed.

* “Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Pyralidinen.” Jul. Lederer, \Y. E. M. vii
Band, Nos. 8—12, Aug.— Dec., 1863, Taf. 2—18.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

15

and is rounded inferiorly. Below this costal patch, are two or three
small testaceous spots, fragments of a transverse band and somewhat
coalesed in certain individuals. Secondaries, concolorous with prima¬
ries, shaded basally with paler scales, these latter allowing a median
dark irregular line, margining the paler portion of the wing externally,
to become obvious; medially, the costa is diffusedly testaceous ; fringes,
pale. Undersurface of anterior wings, resembling upper surface ; the
internal margin is diffusedly paler, testaceous. Posterior wings, largely
testaceous, shaded with fuscous externally; a sinuate dark subterminal
line, continued from costa to just before internal margin above the
angle; a sub-basal, similar line, which is curved outwardly, and appa¬
rently joins the sub-terminal line at the middle of the wing; the space
enclosed in this manner superiorly between the two lines, is, perhaps,
more yellowish than elsewhere, and corresponds to the paler shade of
the upper surface.

Expanse, % , 9 , 0.80 inch. Length of body, 0.40 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Penna. !)

Allied to the common Asopia olinalis, Lederer, ( Pyralis olinalis,
Guenee), but fi smaller species, with a different coloration and very
distinctive ornamentation. Both Asopia olinalis, and Asopia costalis.
Fabr. sp., occur in New York State. Of the former, Asopia trento-
nalis, Lederer , is probably a synonym. The latter is regarded as
identical with the European species.

Asopia anthoeoioides, n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 9, 9 )•

Head, thorax and abdomen, pale dull brownish above and beneath;
head and appeudages, a little darker; legs, concolorous; anterior and
middle femora, a little richer colored.

Anterior wings, pale brownish, neatly defined into separate fields by
the narrow transverse lines and markings. A pale, somewhat greyish,
narrow, basal space. Outside of this, and neatly defined by narrow
marginal lines, is a transverse oval rich olivaceous brown patch, nar¬
rowing to costal and internal margins. The median space, immedi¬
ately beyond this dark sub-basal space, is, for half its width, paler than
the wing elsewhere; a faint median linear shade line, between which,
and a narrow clear post-median line, the outer half of the median space
is darker shaded and more brownish. The post-median line and the
pale line margining the dark sub-basal patch outwardly, remind us of
the transverse posterior and transverse anterior lines in Anthcecia.
The post-median line is sub-sinuate; beyond it, the terminal space of
the wing is shaded with brownish, a little mixed with reddish, from

16

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

the apex downward, apically the shade is deepened, throwing out the
pale color of the narrow post-median line at the costa more strongly
than elsewhere, from the contrast. Posterior wings, concolorous with
abdomen, a little more cinereous and darker basally ; terminally, the
wing shows a pale shade and a faint continuous transverse line, run¬
ning within and nearly coincident with external margin. Undersur¬
face of both wings, cinereous, shaded with purplish along external
and costal margins; a common, distinct, pale, sub-terminal line crosses
both wings; on the primaries this is somewhat S-shaped, corresponding
to its analogue on the upper surface. Fringes, dark.

Expanse , % 9 , 0.65 to 0.75 inch. Lenyth of body, 0.30 to 0.45
inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (N. Y. to Penna. !)

The anal segment of the abdomen is somewhat suddenly constricted
and produced in the female of this very interesting species, which
somewhat curiously recalls the ornamentation of Anthoecia, and more
distantly the habitus of Ichthyura. Of the American species referred to
Asopia, by Lederer, it seems to more nearly resemble the common
Asopia farinalis, Linn, sp , than any other, but is much more robust in
the body parts, compared with the general size.

BOTYS, Treitschke, emend. Led.

Botys signatalis. (Plate 2, fig. 11, £ ).

Rhodaria signatalis, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Het., Pt. 34, Sup. Pt. 4, p. 1282.

(1S65).

Male and Female. — Head, above, and palpal tips, reddish oehrace-
ous; very narrow paler lateral lines on the “ front,” margining the
eyes; beneath, the palpi are whitish. Thorax, dark ochraceous, with
a faint reddish tinge; abdomen, cinereous, silky, shaded with oehreous
at base, the segments narrowly fringed posteriorly with pale scales;
anal tuft rather prominent, reddish oehreous above, beneath whitish.
Undersurface of thorax and abdomen, silky, whitish. Legs, whitish,
faintly shaded with cinereous outwardly.

Anterior wings acute. Above, of an even intense pinkish-purple
color ; two transverse distinct yellowish-white lines ; the first (ante-
median) is discontinued at the costa, and very slightly irregular, nearly
straight; the second (post-median) is strongly outwardly arcuate supe¬
riorly; over the median ncrvules, where it is most constricted, it is
composed of disconnected dots, closely approximate; interiorly, it runs
parallel with aud more approximate to the first line to internal margin.
Posterior wings, silky, cinereous, deepening in hue towards external

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

17

margin, nervules darker clothed; a pale streak within anal angle, mar¬
gined without by a very few roseate scales, and discontinued above
median nervure. Fringes a very little paler than on anterior wings.
Undersurface of wings, silky, cinereous, with a faint purplish lustre,
darkest superiorly, and with a median faint pale shade line across both
pair, arcuated on anterior wings where it is analogous with the post-me¬
dian line of the upper surface.

Expanse , 0.75 inches. Length of body, 0.35 inches.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Mass, to Pa. !)

Mr. Walker’s description makes no mention of the abbreviated band
on the upper surface of posterior wings; the anal tuft is not “ whitish.”
nor are the fringes of the secondaries properly characterized as of the
same hue. The hind wings are rather dark cinereous, not “aeneous,”
or concolorous with the fringes of the primaries. Nevertheless, the
general coloration and the conformation of the distinct lines of the
upper surface of anterior wings, lead us to believe, that this is the spe¬
cies intcuded in the British Museum Lists. Jn the case that a new
name be used for this species, we propose that of Botys (Rhodaria)
vinulenta, nob. Athaloessa signatalis, Zeller , sp., had been already
described at the time of the publication of Rhodaria signatalis,
Walker.

A single specimen, brought by Mr. Ridings from Colorado Territory,
offers no points of distinction, when compared with specimens of B.
signatalis, from the Atlantic States.

Botys laticlavia, n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 12, % .)

Rhodaria laticlavia, G. <fc R., MS.

Male and Female. — Head, above, and palpi obscure ochreous fuscous;
two narrow, white lines run from the tips of the palpi, along their su¬
perior edge, back to the antennal bases, narrowly margining the eyes
on the front; beneath, the palpi are white at base. Thorax, ochreous;
abdomen, pale dull ochraceous, the segments obsoletely defined by a
paler edging of scales posteriorly ; beneath, the legs and under corpo¬
ral surface are of a dull pale color, not whitish, but of an obscure
ochraceous or cinereous hue. Antennae, dark, somewhat purplish su¬
periorly.

Anterior wings, light purple, silky; a broad, rather square, yellow
patch at base, resting on internal margin, but not attaining the costal
region; a distinct, sub-spherical, yellow discal spot; a broad, yellow,
slightly oblique, sub-termiual band, a little narrower and constricted in
the female, running from internal margin to costal region, not attain-

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. ( 3 ) JUNE, 1867.

18

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

iug the costa. Fringes, light purple, concolorous. Posterior wings,
silky, pale cinereous, with a purple shade, most prominent along exter¬
nal margin; a faint, rather broad, pale yellow band is obsoletely con¬
tinued from anal angle, and corresponds to the sub-terminal band of
the anterior wings. Under surface, faintly cinereous, silky, with a
purple shade superiorly along and beneath costal region of both pair
of wings, giving place inferiorly to a faint yellowish tinge.

Expanse , 0.80 inch. Length of body, 0.35 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Penn.!)

Resembles Ilaematia phoenicealis, Hilbner , Zutr. ltes Hund. No. 58,
p. 22, figs. 115 — 116, but is a slightly larger species, and readily dis¬
tinguished by the discal spot on the upper surface of the primaries,
and the paler, purplish, and almost concolorous under surface of both
wings.

Botys cinerosa, n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 13, % .)

Rhodaria cinerosa, G. & R. MS.

Head, palpi and thorax, olivaceous cinereous; tegulne and ‘‘collar.”
very slightly shaded with purplish. Two narrow white lines extend,
one on each side, from the palpi along their upper edge to the base of
the antennae. Abdomen, olivaceous cinereous. Beneath, the under
corporal surface and legs are whitish cinereous, palpi narrowly edged
with whitish scales.

Anterior wings, silky, light purple, with concolorous fringes. A
broad, rather square, olivaceous cinereous patch at base, resting on in¬
ternal margin, but not attaining the costal region which is everywhere
purple; a rather distinct, sub-spherical, cinereous discal spot; a broad,
cinereous, slightly oblique subterminal band, running from internal
margin to costal region. Posterior wings, silky, pale olivaceous cine¬
reous; the fringes and external margin are stained with light purple,
most evident centrally along the extreme edge of the external
margin.

Under surface of both wings, obscure cinereous, washed with pale
purplish along costal and external margins; fringes, pale purple.

Expanse, % 9 ,0.65 — 0.75 inch. Length of body, 0.30 — 0.40 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Penna.!) .

This species resembles Botys laticlavia, G. & R., exactly in the or¬
namentation of the upper surface of the primaries, but the markings
are here cinereous, not yellow; the corporal coloration presents also
the same difference.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

19

Botys diffissa, n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 16, £ .)

Bhodaria diffissa, G. & R., MS.

Head and palpi, obscure cinereous; thorax, cinereous; tegulae stained
with reddish-purple; abdomen, cinereous, above and below stained
with purple; beneath, the legs and corporal parts are pale yellowish
cinereous, the former somewhat the palest.

Anterior wings, dark reddish-purple; a moderately broad, sub-basal,
bright yellow band, rests on internal margin, where it is broadest, not
attaining costal region. A distinct, yellow, discal spot. A sub-termi¬
nal, moderately broad, bright yellow baud, runs from costa, before the
apex, to internal margin, bent inwardly below the middle of the wing,
but elsewhere running parallel with external margin; fringes, purple.
Posterior wings, reddish, of a slightly fulvous shade; fringes and ex¬
ternal margin, purplish ; a narrow, yellow, discontinued streak within
anal angle, otherwise the wings are concolorous, without markings.

Under surface of wings, reddish, a little paler than secondaries
above; the color is evenly distributed, except along internal margin of
primaries, where, as usual, the wings are discolorously shaded with ci¬
nereous. The primaries show a yellowish discal spot and narrow sub¬
terminal band, obsolete before internal margin; apices tinged with ob¬
scure purplish. The secondaries show a distinct, continued, yellow,
subterminal band, running at variance with external margin, since it
emanates at anal angle, and joins the costa within apical angle at a
point continuous with the sub-terminal band of the primaries.

Expanse , $ 9 i 0.00 inch. Length of body, 0.30 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Louisiana !)

lleseinbles Haematia phoenicealis, Hiibner , but the primaries are
more rounded at the apices, and they show a distinct discal dot; the
secondaries, as also the under surface of both wings, are almost entirely
bright reddish ; the corporal parts are also differently colored.

A specimen, taken at New Orleans, was obligingly communicated to
us by Mr. Wm. II. Edwards. B. diffissa, is also found in Cuba; spe¬
cimens, with the No. 454 attached to them, have been forwarded to
Philadelphia by Prof. Poey.

Botys haruspica, n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 14, % .)

Pyrausta haruspica, G. <!c R., MS.

Head, palpi and thorax, obscure purplish cinereous ; lateral narrow
pale lines extend along upper palpal edge to the antennal bases. Ab¬
domen, dark cinereous. Beneath, the palpi and under corporal surface
and legs are whitish cinereous; anterior femora, darker colored out¬
wardly.

20

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

Anterior wings, acute ; above, rather dark purple ; fringes, long, yel¬
low. Centrally, the wing is crossed by three approximate, broken,
irregular, transverse, yellow bands, which do not extend over the cos¬
tal region. The costal edge, apically. is yellow. The outer of the cen¬
tral yellow bands appears to enclose a sub-terminal sinuate line of the
ground-color of the wing, and angulated inwardly below the middle.
Posterior wings, silky, light purple, becoming paler and somewhat ci¬
nereous towards the base and along external margin ; an interrupted,
oblique, yellowish streak, emanates sub-terminally within anal angle,
and is obsoletely continued to costa at within apical angle; fringes,
yellowish. Under surface, pale testaceous; anterior wings, broadly
shaded with obscure purplish along costal and external margins ; cen¬
trally, the markings of the upper surface are obsoletely indicated ;
fringes, yellow. Posterior wings, faintly shaded with light purplish
along costal and external margins ; an obsolete, sub-terminal purplish
line and discal spot; fringes, yellowish.

Expanse , S $ , 0.65 — 0.70 inch. Length of hotly, 0.30 — 9.40
inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Mass, to Penna. !)

A somewhat variable species in the appearance of the central yellow
markings of the upper surface of primaries, and of common occurence.

Botys generosa, n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 10, % .)

Head, palpi and thorax, above, dull obscure blackish ; abdomen,
blackish, the segments narrowly edged posteriorly with yellowish. Be¬
neath, the palpi, legs and corporal parts are whitish testaceous,
silky.

Anterior wings, dull obscure blackish, shaded obscurely and largely
with dull brownish over the middle; two transverse dull black lines;
the sub-basal acutely dentate, the last outward inflection the most pro¬
minent; the sub-terminal, oblique, finely dentate, inwardly inflected
below the middle of the wing. A squarish, yellow, discal spot. At
the costa, the sub-terminal transverse line is broadly bordered out¬
wardly by a yellow band which, below the first median nervule is ob¬
soletely and quite narrowly continued to internal margin. Terminally,
the wing is dark colored, and there is a faint series of black nervular
marks before the external margin, on which latter rest a terminal se¬
ries of interspaceal dark dashes obsoletely separated; fringes, dark,
paler at their outer extremities. Posterior wings, black or blackish; a
yellowish discal spot, and the base shows a few scattered yellowish
hairs; a very broad and evident median yellow band, widest superiorly

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

21

where it does not attain t lie costal margin, tapering to anal angle which
it hardly reaches ; fringes, whitish, as is the costal margin. Under sur¬
face of wings, pale yellow; a black discal dot, sub-terminal band (this
on the primaries is very broad, oblique, and discontinued at about the
centre of the wing, when, below it, the sub-terminal line of the upper
surface is apparent), and a broad, terminal, black shade on both pair
of wings.

Expanse, S , 0.80 inch. Length of body, 0.35 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Fenna. !)

Resembles some of the European species referred by Westwood to
Pyrausta. The primaries are less trigonate than in the common Botys
insequalis, Lederer , ( Herbula inse quails , Guenee).

Botys ventralis, n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 23, % .)

Male and Female. — Blackish-brown, slightly glossy, varying in the
depth of shade in the general color, which is sometimes ochraceous.
Palpi, head and thorax, above, blackish-brown ; a narrow, white line
margining the eyes on the “front;” abdomen, paler than thorax, con-
colorous with posterior wings, the segments are obsoletely margined
posteriorly with paler scales. Beneath, the palpi, legs and under tho¬
racic surface, are obscure or dirty whitish, the femora, inwardly, are
darker shaded ; abdomen, obscure whitish, with a rather broad, dis¬
tinct, central, brownish ventral stripe, and, laterally, one on each side,
narrower and impromiuent.

Anterior wings, uniformly blackish-brown, concolorous, or nearly so,
with the thoracic parts above. All the markings are obsolete, except
the usual transverse posterior or post-median line, which is prominently
angulated, being greatly produced outwardly, centraljy, and which
consists of a faint blackish line, connecting a series of white, irregular
and variable white marks and spots, which latter are partly cuneiform
and lunate as to their shape, discontinued at the sub-median nervure,
(above which usually the largest is placed), and, as a whole, become,
especially in the darker specimens, more or less obsolete and wanting.
A similarly constituted discal dot, more or less distinct, and often ob¬
solete. Posterior wings, nearly uniform brownish cinereous, w'ith
taint traces of a median, interrupted and irregular darker line. Fringes,
on both pair, paler than the ground-color of the wings, very glossy and
rather long. Under surface of both wings, glossy, obscure brownish
cinereous, slightly iridescent; the posterior wings are palest, and both
pair without defined markings, except in so far as the ornamentation
of the upper surface is feebly reflected.

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

22

Expanse , % 9 , 1.10 — 1.15 inch. Length of body, 0.50 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (New York td Penna. !)

A common and variable species as to its general coloration, and the
distinctness of the markings of the upper surface of anterior wings.
The coloration is, however, uniformly distributed, and thus the paler,
more ochreous individuals are easily identified from the constancy of
the main characteristics of the species; among the specific characters
easily seized, are the longitudinal stripes of the inferior abdominal sur¬
face, a character to which we have alluded in the choice of the specific
name.

Botys ventralis, nob., resembles Tholeria illiberalis, Hiibner, Zutr.
3tes Hund., No. 175, p. 27, figs. 349 — 350, but is a smaller species,
and wants the terminal white dots on the upper surface of primaries,
while the extra mesial line of white dots is straighter and nervular in
the South American species.

Botys posticata, n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 25, £ .)

% . Head and thorax above, pale ochreous brown. Labial palpi,
prominent, beneath with a few whitish scales, laterally concolorous
with head and thoracic region above. Abdomen, very pale obscure
ochreous, beneath paler, whitish, as are the legs and under thoracic
surface.

Wings, shaped nearly as in Botys ventralis. Anterior pair ochreous
brown, becoming of a clearer and brighter brown along costa and ex¬
ternal margin. Ornamentation simple; an inner, transverse', sinuate,
blackish shade line ; two ill-defined, discal, dark maculations, of which
the outer, the larger; an oblique, finely dentate, transverse, posterior,
dark shade line, outwardly projected opposite the disc, succeeded by a
coincident pale shade. An obsolete series of interspaceal dots on the
margin. Fringes, silky, discolorous with the wing, being of an ob¬
scure wood-brown. Beneath, whitish ochreous; the blackish mark¬
ings of the upper surface repeated less distinctly. Secondaries, brown¬
ish testaceous, semi-transparent, dark shade along external margin ;
very faint traces of a median, diffuse, dark shade line. Under surface
resembling upper, but paler, more ochreous.

Expanse , % . 0.90 inch. Length of body, 0.40 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Penna !)

Varies by the primaries being of an even, bright brown above, ob¬
scuring the ornamentation.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

23

Botys citrina. n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 20,9.)

S 9 . Size, small. Bright ochre-yellow. Head and thorax ochre-
yellow ; labial palpi, browuish-ochreous laterally, beneath white. Legs
and under body surface, whitish, glistening; anterior femora staiued
with ochreous inwardly. Abdomen, above, whitish, with a yellowish
shade. Antennae, slender, long, testaceous.

Wings, rather wide. Primaries, above, bright ochre-yellow, with
simple ornamentations. A distinct, deep ochreous, longitudinal shade
on costa, extending from the base of the wing to the inception of the
exterior transverse line, fading as it proceeds, and not equally distinct
in all specimens examined. An inner, regularly outwardly curved,
deep ochre-yellow, transverse line. Two similarly colored discal ordi¬
nary spots. An exterior line, slightly oblique, and roundedly out¬
wardly produced opposite the disc. Fringes, concolorous with the
wing. Under surface paler, especially along internal margin, where
the wing is whitish. The markings of the upper surface are here re¬
produced more faintly and incompletely, but the costal shade stripe is
wanting.

Secondaries, resembling primaries in color. At base paler, and as
well as along internal margin, somewhat whitish. A single, incom¬
plete, deep ochre-yellow, oblique transverse line, corresponding to the
exterior transverse line of primaries. Fringes concolorous. On both
wings the extreme external edge appears narrowly deeper colored.
Beneath as above, but much paler, more whitish, evenly colored; the
single, transverse, incomplete line, is here reproduced.

Expanse, 9 , 0.80; S , 0.70 inch. Length of body, 9 ,0.30; % , 0.35
inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (New York! Penna. !)

Differs by its small size, bright color, simple ornamentation, and by
the costal darker longitudinal shade of the upper surface of primaries.

Botys marculenta. n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 21, 9-)

9 . Size, moderate. Pale ochrey-yellow. Head and thorax, above,
ochrey-yellow. Labial palpi, dark ochreous laterally, white beneath.
Legs, and under corporal surface, obscure whitish, glistening; anterior
femora somewhat cinereous. Abdomeu, whitish, stained with yellow
above. Antennae, long and slender.

Wings, full, clear pale yellow, with obsolete ornamentations. Prima¬
ries rather brighter colored about the base, but with a generally evenly
distributed coloration. The ordinary lines and spots are faint, but per¬
ceptible, since they are traced in darker scales than the ground color of

24

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

the wing, and are, with the basal portion, slightly dusted with brighter
scales. An inner, waved, transverse line. Two ordinary diseal spots.
An exterior, finely deutated, transverse line, w hich is prominently and
roundedly outwardly projected opposite the disc. A faintly marked
and straighter sub-terminal shade line, difficult to discern, but quite
distinctly marked in cinereous on the under surface. Fringes, conco-
lorous, or a little paler than the wings. The external edge of both
secondaries and primaries is narrowly lined with darker ochrey -yellow7 ;
this is quite apparent on the under surface owing to the pallor of the
wings, where the line appears broken interspaceally.

Secondaries, resembling primaries. As usual, the base, costal and
internal margins are diffusedly paler and whitish, while the darker and
yellow color is expressed centrally along external margin, fading me¬
dially over the centre of the wing. Outside of the disc the wing is
crossed by two sub-parallel shade lines, of which the inner corres¬
ponds to the exterior transverse line of the primaries j the outer, to
the sub-median shade line. Fringes a little paler than the wing, be¬
coming whitish towards anal angle.

Beneath, both wings are glistening, obscure whitish, with a slight
opaline reflection. The markings of the upper surface are here more
distinctly reproduced in pale cinereous. The costa of primaries and
external margin of both wings are shaded with obscure ochrey yel¬
low7.

Expanse, 9 > 1.00 inch. Length of body, 0.40 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Penna. !)

Differs from Botys citrina, nob. by its larger size, paler color, indis¬
tinct ornamentation and by the presence of sub-median lines of both
wings.

Botys insularis, n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 24, % ).

%. Size rather large. Cinereous. Head, thorax and abdomen, of
an even dull cinereous. Beneath, the short palpi, legs and abdomen
are whitish cinereous, glistening. Legs, long, armature well deve¬
loped.

Wings, full. Primaries with the tips a little produced, entirely and
evenly cinereous, with obsolete ornamentation, but the usual exterior
transverse line is faintly visible and greatly and roundedly arcuate at
the middle. Fringes, a little paler than the wing, very silky. Secon¬
daries, a little paler than primaries, evenly cinereous, but becoming a
little paler basally and along costal and internal margins. As on pri¬
maries, a single transverse, irregular, extra discal shade line is barely

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

25

visible. Fringes, paler than the wing, becoming whitish over anal
angle. Undersurface resembling upper, but a little paler, especially
on secondaries. The exterior lines of the upper surface are here re¬
produced, and there are faint indications of discal marks on both pair;
those on the secondaries well removed towards the base of the wing.

Expanse , 1.15 inch. Length of body , 0.45 inch.

Habitat. — Cuba, (Poey). Coll. Ent. Soc.

Humber1 1029, Hoofs J\1S. Catalogue.

Resembles Botys dasconalis, Walker, from our Atlantic District, but
is a darker species, and wants the ochreous discolorations over the pro¬
thorax and from the base of the wing outwardly along the costa, which
characterize our species, of which we have specimens from Massachu¬
setts and Pennsylvania.

Botys coloradensis. n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. IS. 9 )•

% 9 . Size rather large. White. The palpi laterally, head, above,
and the sides of the thorax to the insertion of the primaries, are
ochreous; the thoracic stains are very bright. Thoracic disc, white.
Abdomen, above and beneath, pure white, as are the legs and under
corporal surface generally ; the anterior tibim are somewhat cinereous.
In the male, the anal segments are faintly stained with pale yellow.

Primaries of an even faintly yellowish white, stained at base, along
costa, with bright ochreous. An interior augulated transverse line,
two discal dots and an exterior slightly dentate transverse line medi¬
ally projected — all yellowish ochreous. A sub-terminal, similarly
colored, shaded line, interspaceally broken. Fringes, whitish. Se¬
condaries, immaculate, sub-hyaline, whitish above and beneath; fringes
pure white. Undersurface of primaries resembling upper, but more
whitish and somewhat obsolete, and reproducing the ordinary orna¬
mentation.

Expanse, % 9 , 1-15 inch. Length of body, 0.G5 inch.

Habitat. — Colorado Territory. (Mr. James Ridings).

Botys gracilis, n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 15, ).

% 9 . Size, small. Form, slender. Pale brownish testaceous.
Palpi, white beneath; laterally, covered with brown scales. Above, the
head, thorax and abdomen are pale brownish testaceous; beneath, the
legs and under thoracic and abdominal parts are whitish, glistening.

Wings, elongate; ornamentation simple and typical. Primaries,
evenly pale brownish testaceous. Costa and costal edge shaded with
brown. A nearly straight, brown, transverse anterior line. Two dis-

( 4 ) june, 1867.

TRANS. AUER. ENT. SOC.

26

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

cal. annulate, moderate, ordinary spots: the first, spherical ; the last elon¬
gate, sub-reniform in shape. Below the median nervure, a slight ag¬
gregation of brown scales. A brown transverse posterior line, slightly
trembled below the costa, but running straightly outside the disc,
over median nervules, where it is strongly inflected backwards to a
point beneath the outer discal spot, running thence straightly to inter¬
nal margin. A very distinct, deep brown, terminal, regularly inter¬
rupted line. Fringes, rather long, with a faint linear basal shade on
both pair.

Secondaries, resembling primaries in coloration, thinly scaled. A
brown discal spot, and a single brown transverse line, analogous to the
transverse posterior line of primaries, and prominently inflected back¬
wards below the discal cell. A terminal, distinct, macular, brown line
as on primaries. Beneath, both wings are paler than above, with the
ornamentation of the upper surface more fluently reproduced.

Expanse , £ 9 ) 0-90 inch. Length of bo<li/, $ , U.45, 9 > 0.30 inch.

Hubitat. — Atlantic District. (Mass, to Penna. !)

A very sleuder, thinly scaled, and delicate species of common oc¬
currence throughout the Middle States. Differs by its transparent
brownish testaceous color and by the stained costal edge. Specimens
occur in which the transverse anterior line of the primaries becomes
obsolete along its backward inflection ; the primaries then appear to be
crossed by three transverse lines. The obsolescence of this line at
this point is not an unusual occurrence in other species of the genus
and family.

Botys adipaloides, n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 19, 9 )•

% 9 • Size, moderate. Head, prothorax and palpi, obscure brownish,
beneath, white. Thorax, above, shading posteriorly to yellowish. Ab¬
domen, above, brownish; the seg nents are edged with whitish scales,
basally mixed with yellow scales above. Beneath, the abdomen, tho¬
racic parts and legs are obscure whitish, silky.

Wings, shaped nearly as in Botys adipalis, Ziller , as illustrated by
Lederer. Primaries arched before apices, on costa. External margin
sinuate, retreating within the produced apices, thence outwardly
rounded at extremities of median nervules. Secondaries with the
apices well produced, the external margin receding immediately
below them, thence evenly rounded to anal angle. Both primaries
and secondaries are rather bright clear yellow. All the markings are
of an obscure purplish stone color. Primaries, dark dull brownish
along costa. An inner transverse narrow line. Two large quadrate

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

27

discal spots, of which the inner surmounts a third below the median
nervure. A narrow, sub-serrate, transverse posterior line, projected
outwardly opposite the disc. A very broad distinct terminal dark
marginal band. Fringes, paler, with a basal line. Secondaries, re¬
sembling primaries. A basal interrupted line. An elongate discal
spot. An exterior transverse sinuate line, interrupted along its infe¬
rior inward inflection, but distinct from internal margin to beneath
the discal spot, where it is also straight; this portion of the line, being
thus disconnected, assumes the appearance of an independent middle
line. Externally, the secondaries are broadly margined as the
primaries. The inner edges of these marginal bands are analogous on
both wings, being outwardly oblique, thus constricting the bands over
the middle of the wings ; before intend angles the bands are widened
again, more suddenly on primaries. Beneath, the ornamentation is as
on upper surface on both wings, but the ground color is very pale tes¬
taceous, not yellow, while the darker markings are also paler than on
wings above.

Expanse , % 9 > 0.90 to 0.85 inch. Length of body, 0.45 to 0.40
inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Mass. ! to Texas !)

Smaller than the Cuban Botys togalis, Led., which the preseut
species resembles in ornamentation, and apparently nearest allied to
B. adipalis, Zeller, from Amboina; besides minor differences the dark
margins are narrower in B. adipaloides, nob., and the inner discal spot
is geminate in both sexes and on both surfaces of primaries. The
bright yellow color of the wings is easily lost, and captured specimens
appear to have an obscure ochreous testaceous ground color of the wings
instead of the bright, rather clear and light yellow which is seen in
clean and fresh individuals.

Botys plectilis, n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 17, 9 )•

% 9 . Size moderate. Obscure fuscous, with a slight purplish re¬
flection. Head, thorax and abdomen, above, dull brownish fuscous,
abdominal segments obsoletely margined posteriorly with pale scales.
Beneath, obscure whitish, as are the legs, of which the anterior pair
are inwardly darker colored. Labial palpi, moderate, extended hori¬
zontally beyond the front, concolorous with the upper body parts,
with a few paler scales at base beneath.

M ings shaped as in B. artificalis, Led. Primaries, largely obscure
brownish fuscous. Ornamentation, simple, typical. A transverse inner

28

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

line, obscured by the dark ground color of the wing. A square pale
yellow discal patch, resting between the small dark discal dots. Trans¬
verse posterior line more distinct, brought into relief by a diffuse pale
yellow shade, which latter obtains principally opposite the disc within
the t. p. liue. This latter is projected outwardly opposite the disc,
where it is serrated ; below the yellow shade it becomes lost, owing to
the dark color of the wings. A terminal dark shaded liue resting on
the external edge; fringes obscure brown, discolorous with the wing.
Secondaries resembling primaries; at base fuscous, the dark color ob¬
scuring a discal spot apparent beneath ; medially pale yellowish testa¬
ceous ; a distinct median line, followed outwardly by an interrupted
yellowish shaded line, so as to be brought into relief by the yellowish
color on both sides, of the normal conformation, serrated, outwardly
projected opposite the disc. A terminal blackish interspaceal line and
fringes, as on primaries. Beneath, paler than above; primaries, darker
shaded, with a slight opaline reflection; secondaries, wholly obscure
ochreous. On both wings the ornamentation of the upper surface is
repeated, the lines are here narrowly interrupted and macular.

Expanse , S 9> 0.70 to 0.90 inch. Length of body, 0.35 to 0.45
inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Penna.!)

A common species, variable as to size. When rubbed, specimens
present a different and paler appearance. B. plectilis, is allied to B.
artificalis, Led.., and certain European species of the genus.

LIPOCOSMA. Lederer.

Lipocosma albolineata, n. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 22, 9 )•

9 . Whitish ochreous. Head and thorax, whitish ochreous. La¬
bial palpi slight, divergent, thinly scaled, porrected and slightly ex¬
ceeding the “front.” Legs and under corporal surface, white, glisten¬
ing; anterior tarsi and tibiae, touched outwardly with bright ochreous.
Abdomen, above, white. Antennae, moderate, slender.

Wings full. Primaries, pale ochreous, with darker sub-terminal
shades. The inner transverse line is white, margined outwardly with
an obscure coincident shade, and is regularly dentate, appearing some¬
what angulated at costa. Median space, diffusely shaded posteriorly
by an obscure shade, deeper, more brownish than the ground color of
the wing. Discal spot, sub-obsolete, whitish. Transverse exterior line,
white, neatly margined by narrow dark coincident shade lines of which
the inner is more distinct. The line itself is greatly and roundedly
outwardly projected over the middle of the wing; towards the internal

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

29

margin it bends inwardly, and is once waved; it is very regularly arcu¬
ate and minutely dentated on the uervules.

Terminally it is again continuously obscurely shaded along the outer
edge, as on median space immediately inside of the transverse exterior
line, but the shade is here interspaceally broken by paler whitish
scales on the nervules. A sub-obsolete series of very minute nervular
black dots. Fringes, stained with yellow at base. Secondaries, largely
white; the ochreous portion distinctly limited and confined to the mid¬
dle of the wing on external margin. A transverse white line, only
visible where it crosses this darker portion of the wing, arcuate, and
lined inwardly with a dark coincident linear shade. Fringes, whitish,
stained with yellowish at base and medially.

Beneath, both wings are whitish, faintly shaded with pale ochreous-
brownish. The transverse exterior line of the primaries alone visible,
very distinct and brownish. However, as on upper surface, it is in
reality white, the apparent dark brownish line corresponding to the
coincident dark shade line of the upper surface, since immediately be¬
yond it there is a second very faint and narrow dark line, and the nar¬
row space between the two is whitish, and thus is plainly analogous to
the white exterior line of the upper surface with its dark margins.
Disc of the primaries faintly shaded with brownish. Secondaries, very
pale, resembling primaries. A single, irregular, brownish line, discon¬
tinued inferiorly, and seemingly running at variance with the short,
white line of the upper surface. Fringes on both wings, yellowish.

Expanse , 0.65 inch. Length of body , 0.25 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Penna !)

Differs from Lipocosma sicalis, (Walk.,) Led., by the less promi¬
nently angulated exterior lines of the upper surface of the wings, by
the more ochreous color, aud by the absence of the median, sub-discal,
black dots aud discolorations.

so

AMERICAN LEPIPOPTERA.

EXPLANATION OP PLATES 1 AND

- o -

Fig. 1,$ Psephopaectes simulatilis.

2, 9 Adelocepliala quadrilineata.

3, 9 Adelocepliala bicolor.

4, 9 Adelocephala bicolor, (reverse.)

5, 9 Pericallia kentaria.

6, 9 Pericallia kentaria, (reverse.)

7, 9 Adelocephala grandis.

8, % Asopia unimacula.

9, 9 Asopia anthoecioides.

10, 'Jj Botys generosa.

11, 'J, Botys signatalis.

12, ^ Botys laticlavia.

13, ^ Botys cinerosa.

14, ^, Botys haruspica.

15, % Botys gracilis.

16, ^ Botys diffissa.

17, 9 Botys plectilis.

18, 9 Botys coloradensis.

19, 9 Botys adipaloides.

20, 9 -Botys citrina.

21, 9 Botys marculeuta.

22, 9 Lipocosma albolineata.

23, £ Botys ventralis.

24, £ Botys insularis.

25, 'J, Botys posticata.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

31

Catalogue of the described TENTHREDINIDJE and TJROCERIDJE of North

America.

BY EDWARD NORTON.

[Communicated Marcli 11th, 1S67.]

This paper is not presented as a complete monograph of these Fa¬
milies, but simply as a catalogue of the genera and species of this con¬
tinent, with references to all the described genera known to the com¬
piler, for the information of American students who have not access
to the original descriptions.

It is to be boped that it will lead to a closer and wider study of these
the most injurious of all Hymenoptera to our trees and plants. As all
of their larvae live on leaves or woody fiber they may all be classed as
injurious to vegetation.

In some genera it is very difficult to define a true species, because of
the variation in color. This is particularly the case in Nematus and
in Tenthredo. And doubtless some of the species described here, will
prove to be varieties. Mr. Walsh has shown that in some species of
Euura and Nematus bred by him, it was almost impossible to detect
any difference in the imago, while the larvae varied greatly. Doubtless
our present opinion will be greatly modified by future discoveries. The
bullae which appear in the wing nervures of all these insects, and
which are much noticed by Mr. Walsh, are only referred to in this
work, because they have not been sufficiently studied by the writer.
Although not caused by the folding and unfolding of the wings, they
seem to indicate the points at which the wings are folded or unfolded,
and the hinges at which they can be bent without breaking. As the
same arrangement is often common to several genera, it seems probable
they may prove of value in defining Tribes or groups of genera; a most
desirable point, as will be seen in the deficiency of many of the gene¬
ric distinctions hereafter presented.

It is fitting to acknowledge with thanks, the receipt of insects for
examination from many persons, especially the following : A. S. Pack¬
ard, Jr., from Maine and Labrador; S. H. Scudder and A. F. Sanborn,
from Massachusetts ; J. Akhurst, W. II. Edwards and Mr. Calverley,
New York and Virginia; P. 11. Uhler and T. Glover, from Maryland;
Baron Osten Saeken, District of Columbia and elsewhere. Thanks are
also due to Prof. Agassiz for affording free access to collections in the
Cambridge Museum; S. H. Scudder to the collection of Dr. Harris, in
the Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.; E. T. Cresson, to the collection of the

32

EDWARD NORTON.

American Entomological Society, and in giving most ready and valu¬
able information from rare books, only to be found there. Through
the Smithsonian Institute, beside others, insects have been received
from the following western localities: from the Hudson’s Bay Terri¬
tory and Russian America, collected by Robt. Kennicott; from Wash¬
ington Territory and I’uget’s Sound, by I)r. C. B. Kennerley; N. W.
Boundary Survey, Lieut. Gr. Beckwith, U. S. A.; Pacific It. R. Sur¬
vey, near 38° N. L.; St. Louis, Mo., Dr. Engelmann; Mexico. Dr. H.
DeSaussure ; also others mentioned in the course of the manuscript.

A list of the described species of South America is added, which
may be useful at some future time.

SYNOPSIS OF THE ORDER.

Order HYMENOPTERA, Linn.
Section I. Terebrantia, Latr.

Sub-Section 1. Phytiphaga.

Division 1. Serrifera.

1. Tenthredinidae.

2. Terebellifera.

2. Uroceridae.

2. Entomophaga.

1. Spiculifera.

3. Cynipidae.

4. Evaniadae.

5. Ichneumonidae.

6. Chalcididae.

7. Proctotrupidae.

2. Tubulifera.

8. Chrysididae.

Section II. Aculeata, Latr.

Sub-Section 1. Preedones.

1. Heterogyna.

9. Formicidae.

10. Mutillidae.

2. Fossores.

11. Scoliadae.

12. Pompilidae.

13. Sphegidae.

14. Larridae.

15. Bembicidae.

16. Nyssonidae.

17. Crabionidae.

3. Diploptera.

18. Vespidae.

1. Solitary 1. Masarini.

2. Eumenixi.

2. Social.

3. Vespini.

2. MelUfera , Latr. — Anthophila.

19. Andrenidae.

20. Apidae.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

33

Order HYMENOPTERA, Linn.

Characters. — Wings four ; naked, membranous, the posterior pair
smaller than the anterior, with comparatively few veins.

Mouth with horny jaws, and with a lower lip or tongue, sheathed by
the maxillae.

Tarsi generally five jointed.

Abdomen armed with a multi valve saw ovipositor or sting in the
females.

Larva apod and vermiform (or cruciform aud pedate in one group.)

Pupa incomplete and inactive.

Section I. Terehrantia , Latreille.

The abdomen of the females furnished with an instrument used as a
saw or borer for depositing the eggs.

Sub-Section I. Phytiphaga.

Abdomen sessile, or soldered in its full width to the base of the
thorax.

Group a. Serrifera. — Tenthredmidse.

Abdomen of female armed with saws. Anterior tibiae with two api¬
cal spurs.

Group b. Terebellifera — Uroceridse.

Abdomen of female armed with a borer. Anterior tibiae with one
apical spur.

Family TENTHREDINIDiE, Leach.

Antennae. — The form and number of articulations or joints serves to
indicate the principal divisions of the family.

Head. — Eyes large, in general widely separated. Ocelli three. La-
brum transverse or quadrate, pilose. Man dibles terminated with teeth,
often unequal on opposite sides. Labium with three laminae; labial
palpi 4-jointed ; maxillary palpi G-jointed.

Wings. — The divisions of the genera and sub-genera are generally
indicated by the number, form aud position of the areolets. The mar¬
ginal areolets are complete.

TRAN'S. AUER. ENT. SOC.

(5)

June, 1867.

34

EDWARD NORTON.

UPPER WING.

a. Stigma.

I>. Costa or costal margin.

c. Apical margin.

d. Costal and post costal veins.
c. Externo medial.
f, g. Anal.

h. Posterior margin.

i. Marginal vein.

j. Submarginal vein.

k. First, second and third
(transverse) submarginal
nervures.

/. Recurrent nervures (discoi-
dal.)

m. Discoidal vein.

n. First and second inner apical or submarginal nervures.

Bulhe or clear spots on the veins or nervures, with bullar or clear lines cross¬
ing them.

l. 2. Marginal or radial cells.

3, 4, 5, 6. Submarginal or cubital cells.

7. 8, 9. Discoidal cells.

10. Costal cell.

11, 12. Brachial or medial cells.

13,14. Inner and outer apical cells. (Hinder cells, Hartig. Cellule du limbe,
Lepel.)

No. 11 is sometimes the medial, and Nos. 12 and 13 the submedial cells.
Nos. 9 and 14 the apical cells; Nos. 7 and 13 discoidal; Nos. 10, 11, 12,
15, the 1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th brachial cells.

15. Lanceolate cell. — 1. Open.

2. Contracted.

3. Petiolate.

4. Sub-contracted.

5. With oblique cross nervure.

6. With straight cross nervure.

Thorax. — This is generally wider than the head. The prothorax
is its anterior part, its upper edge or collar curving and joining wings;
the angular space nearest the wings is called the anterior angle, back
of which, next the pleura, is the first spiracle. The mesothorax is be¬
tween the wings above, and is divided into three lobes, with deep su¬
tures between. Properly connected with this, between this and the
metathorax is the scutellum, which is generally small, elevated and
rounded or conical. Behind this is the post-scutellum, at the sides of
which are usually two minute white dots (cenchri). The metathorax
is the hinder part of the thorax, and has attached to it the hinder pair
of wings and the two hinder legs. The posterior portion of the meta-
thorax is often divided by a suture from the anterior part, and covers

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

35

what is often supposed to be the first abdominal segment. In most gen¬
era this is split through the middle and retracted, and hence has been
called the basal plates. The second pair of spiracles is on these plates.
A pale membrane, as in Cimbex , often appears between the basal plates.
The pectus is the breast or under part of the thorax. The pleura or
side is the space between the pectus and wings.

Abdomen. — This is sessile, sub-cylindric ; segments distinct, with a
spiracle on each side of the first seven. The first or basal segment is
attached to the extended portion of the metathorax, which resembles a
segment, and is often described as the first.* The ovipositor of the fe¬
males is attached to the extremity beneath. It consists of a pair of com¬
pressed saw-like plates, each of which is in two pieces, the saw and its
back support which is also serrate. These saws vary in shape in different
genera, but are curved upward, serrate and ribbed on the sides. They
are inclosed in a pair of outer sheaths.

Legs. — Length moderate. Trochanters 2-jointed. The ends of the
tibiae with two acute spines. In some genera there are one or more
spines on the sides of the tibiae. The four basal joints of the tarsi gene¬
rally have a membranous appendage beneath.

Pupa. — A soft chrysalis, when mature distinctly exhibiting eyes, an-
tennae, wings and legs; in some cases more or less thickened externally,
mostly with a parchment-like silken cocoon. Transformations in the
ground or on the surface, or on limbs of trees.

Larvse. — Like caterpillars, with a horny head, and on either side
simple eyes; six horny pectoral, and from 12 — 16 skin-covered, ventral
feet. In one case in default of these last, there are two antennse-like
organs on the side of the final segments. ( Lyda .)

Eggs. — Generally deposited in the leaves or ribs of plants. In some
few cases in slender or hollow stems.

* Mr. Walsh (Proc. Ent. Soc., Pec., 186(1,225,) has noted several of my former
errors of this kind. For a long time I supposed that there was a first segment
beneath these basal plates, and that the abdomen had nine segments. But if
one examines the larva of Cimbex, he will find but nine pair of spiracles, of
which in the imago the first pair appear beneath the anterior wings ; and the
second pair in all the Ichneumon idee and other genera examined, is found dis¬
tinctly on the metathorax, back of the hinder wings, while the remaining
seven pair of spiracles, which in the larva, are in the seven succeeding seg¬
ments, also follow in succession on the abdomen of the imago.

Mr. Walsh also notes the fact that there is one more segment visible upon the
dorsum than upon the venter. Burmeister states, that in the Hvmenoptera the
dorsum generally has one more segment; while Shuckard says, that in all the
Aculeate Hymenopiera the males have seven and the females but six segments.
(Burin. Man., 108.)

36

EDWARD NORTON.

GENERIC SYNOPSIS.

Family TENTIIREDINIDiE.

Subfamily 1. CIMBICIDES. — Antennae 5-8 articulate, short, clavate.

A. Wings with two marginal and three submarginal cells.

a. First submarginal cell with two recurrent nervures.

Lanceolate cell with straight cross line.

1. Antennae 7-articulate . 1, Cimbex.

2. “ 8 “ 2, Trichiosoma.

3. “ 5 “ 3, Clavellaria.

Lanceolate cell closed in middle.

4. Antennae 6-articulate . 4, Zarea.

5. “ 7 “ 5, Abia.

6. “ 5 “ 7, Plagiocera.

b. First and second submarginal cells each with one recurrent nervure.

7. Antennae 5-articulate . 6, Amasis-

c. Second submarginal cell with two recurrent nervures.

8. Antennae 5-articulate . 8, Pachylosticta-

B. Wings with one marginal cell.

Three submarginal cells.

d. First and second submarginals each with one recurrent nervure.

1. Antennae 6-articulate . 9, Thulea.

2. “ 6 “ not clavate . 10, Acordulecera.

Four submarginal cells.

e. Second and third submarginals each with one recurrent nervure.

1. Antennae 6-articulate . 11, Sizygonia.

2. “ 6 “ marginal cell appendicu-

late . 12, Perga.

3. “ 7 “ marginal cell appendicu-

late . 13, Cephalocera.

Subfamily 2. HYLOTOMIDES. — Antennae 3-4 articulate, third long and often
furcate in the males.

C. Wings with two marginal and three submarginal cells.

a. First and second submarginals each with a recurrent nervure.

1. Antennae 4-artieulate . 14, Blasticotoma.

I). Wings with one marginal, not appendiculate cell.

Four submarginal cells.

a. Second and third submarginals each with a recurrent nervure.

1. Antennae of male furcate; of female slender,

filiform . 15, Sericocera.

2. Antennae of male furcate; of female somewhat

clavate . 16, Schizocerus.

3. Antennae of male simple ; of female somewhat

clavate . 17, Atomacera.

b. Second and intersection of second and third submar-

ginals each with a recurrent nervure . 18, Scobina.

Three submarginal cells.

c. First submarginal receiving two recurrent nervures. .19, Themos.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

37

E. Wings with one marginal, appencliculate cell.

Three submarginal cells.

1. First submarginal with two, recurrent nervures 20, *****

2. Second “ “ “ “ 21, ******

3. First anrl second submarginal each with one

recurrent nervure . 22, Didymia.

Four submarginal cells.

1. Second and third submarginals each with one recurrent nervure.

Posterior tibise without side spur . 23, Ptilia.

Posterior tibise with side spur . 24, Hylotoma.

2. Second submarginal with two recurrent ner¬

vures . . . 25, Pachylota.

Subfamily 3. TENTIIREDINIPES. — Antennae 9-15 articulate.

F. Wings with one marginal cell.

Three submarginal cells.

1. First and second submarginals each with one

recurrent nervure . 26, Cladius.

2. First submarginal with two recurrent ner¬

vures . ....27, Pristiphora.

3. Second submarginal with two recurrent ner¬

vures . Euura.

Four submarginal cells.

Antennae 9-articulate.

4. Second submarginal with two recurrent nervures.

Lanceolate cell closed in middle . 30, Leptopus.

Lanceolate cell petiolate ; posterior tibiae

much llattened . 29, Craesus.

Lanceolate cell petiolate; posterior tibise as

usual . 31, Nematus.

Lanceolate cell petiolate; second recurrent
nervure received at intersection of second

and third submarginal cells . 32, Messa.

Antennae 13-articulate . 33, Perreyia.

“ 11 “ 34, Camptoprium.

5. Second and third submarginals each with a recurrent nervure.

Antennas 10-articulate . 35, Dictynna.

“ 9 “ .... . 36, Aulacomerus.

G. Wings with two marginal cells.

Three submarginal cells.

1. First and second submarginals each with a recurrent nervure.

Antennas 10-articulate . 37, Druida.

“ 11 “ 39, Fenella.

“ 9 “

“ “ “ short, subclavate . 38, Fenusa.

“ “ “ long, slender.

Third joint longer than fourth . 41, Melicerta.

Third and fourth joints nearly equal length. .42, Emphytus.

2. Second submarginal with two recurrent ner¬

vures . 43, Dolerus.

38

EDWARD NORTON.

Four submarginal cells.

Antemife 9-articulate ; second submarginal with two recurrent nervures.

1. Lanceolate cell closed . . 44, U. Dineura.

2. “ “ contracted . V. Hemichroa.

3. Second recurrent nervure received at inter¬
section of second and third submarginals. W. Mesoneura.

3. Second and third submarginals each with a recurrent nervure.

Antennae 11 — 15-articulate . 40, Heterarthrus.

“ 9—11 “

I. Abdomen short, egg-shaped.

Antennae 10 or 11-articulate . 47, Athalia.

“ 9 “ short; wings broad in

crassate . 45, Sciapteryx.

“ 9 “ wings as usual . 48, Selandria.

II. Abdomen lengthened. Antennae 9-articulate.

Coxae lengthened, large.

1. Antennae filiform, enlarged in middle . 40, Waldheimia.

2. Antennae filiform, enlarged in middle . 50, 1. Macrophya.

3. Antennae setaceous, long . 2. Pachyprotasis.

Coxae as usual.

1. Antennae short, thickened towards the apex 49, Allantus.

2. Antennae setaceous, long.

Lanceolate cell with oblique cross nervure.

Head not unusually extended back of eyes 51, Taxonus.

Head extended back of eyes . 52, Strongylogaster.

Under wings with one middle cell . 53, Poecilostoma.

Under wings with the outer cells complete 54, Perineura.
Lanceolate cell with straight cross nervure. 55, Tenthredo.
Lanceolate cell closed in middle . (Synairema.)

Subfamily 4. LYDIDES. — Antennae multi-articulate.

H. Wings with one marginal cell.

Three submarginal cells.

Antennae of males pectinate . 57, Pterygophorus.

Four submarginal cells.

Antennae of males bi-pectinate . 56, Lophyrus.

Antennae of males pectinate . Monoctenus.

Antennae of males somewhat fissate . 58, Tarpa.

Antenna; setaceous, long . 59, Lyda.

Subfamily 5. CEPIIIDES. — Antennae multi-articulate, neck elongate.

I. Wings with two marginal and four submarginal cells.

1. Antennae subclavate, about 21-articulate ; abdomen

compressed . 60, Cephus.

2. Antennae subclavate, about 27-articulate ; abdomen

compressed . 62, Phyllcecus.

3. Antennae filiform, abdomen short, cylindrical and

subclavate . 61, Janus.

Subfamily 6. XYELIDES. — Antennae 13-articulate, third very long; ovipositor
nearly as long as abdomen.

J. Wings with three marginal and four submarginal cells . 63, Xyela.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

39

Family II.— UROCERID^.

A. Neck not elongate , ovipositor concealed.

a. Wings with one marginal and two submarginal cells . 1, Oryssus.

B. Neck elongate , ovipositor distinct.

b. Wings with one marginal and four submarginal cells. Ovi¬
positor exserted, short . 2, Derecyrta.

c. Wings with two marginal and four submarginal cells. Ovi¬
positor long.

1. The first, second and third submarginals each with a

recurrent nervure . 3, Xiphydria.

2. The second and third submarginals each with a recur¬
rent nervure.

Antennse 17 — 25-articulate . 4, Urocerus.

Antennas 5 — 6-articulate . 6, Teredon.

d. Wings with two marginal and three submarginal cells . 5, Tremex.

Tabular Statement of the Form and Habits of the larvae, of the Ten -
thredinidx. (From Westwood' s Lit. Vol. II, p. 97.)

“Larvae, with extremity of the body not armed with a spine.

A. LarVtce vnth 22 legs. ( 6 pectoral, 14 abdominal, and 2 caudal.)

a. Feeding upon the leaves of plants.

Solitary, resting in a spiral manner, ejecting a fluid from the pores of
the body ; forming a cocoon (Cimbex, Trichiosoma, Clavellaria.)
Solitary or social, not ejecting a fluid from the sides of the body ; form¬
ing or not forming a cocoon. ( Tenthredo , Athalia, and certain Allanti
and Dolerus.)

b. Feeding upon the leaflets of the pine, social, not ejecting a fluid from

the sides of the body; quiescent, attached by the legs to the edges of
the leaflets: forming a cocoon. (Lophyrus.)

B. Larva : with 20 legs, (6 pectoral, 12 abdominal, and 2 caudal.)

«. Feeding upon the leaves of plants; resting at the edges or upon the sur¬
face of the leaves. ( Hylotoma atrata, &c., C/adius, JPristiphora, Nematus,
Croesus, and certain Tenthredines. [Likewise Zarea and Abia, according
to St. Fargeau.])

b. Feeding upon the leaflets of the pine, social; resting at the edge of the

leaflets ; forming a simple cocoon, ( Nematus abietinus and Leachii.)

c. Living in the galls of plants. (Nematus intercus.)

C. Larva: with 18 legs, (6 pectoral, 10 abdominal, and 2 caudal,) Hylotoma enodis.

D. Larvae with only 6 pectoral legs, ( Lydia [and Xiphydria, according to DahlbomJ

Cephus.) (According to Westwood the larva of Xiphydria has a horny tail.”)

Sub-family I. — CIMBICIDES, Westw.

Antennse 5 — 8-jointed, short, generally clavate, third article longest.
.4. Wings with two marginal and three submarginal cells.

a. First submarginal cell with two recurrent uervures.

Lanceolate cell with straight cross-line.

40

EDWARD NORTON.

Genus I. CIMBEX. Oliv.

Cimbex, Oliv., Ent., 1789.

Crabro, Geoffr., Hist, des Ins., 1764.

Tenthredo, Linn., Fabr., <fcc.

Winns with two marginal and three submarginal cells ; first sub¬
marginal receiving two recurrent nervures; lanceolate cell with
straight cross-line; under wings with two middle cells; stigma length¬
ened, hardly wider than costa; costal edge wavy on each side of stig¬
ma. Bullae in the submarginal cells as follows : one at the point re¬
ceiving the first recurrent nervure, one below the middle of first cross
nervure, and two, one near the bottom and one near the top of second
nervure.

Antennae clavate, 7-articulate, third as long as fourth and fifth ;
soldered, oblong-ovate.

Head as wide as thorax, labruui narrow, hardly visible below the
nasus ; mandibles 3-dentate.

Body stout, obscurely villose. Abdomen ovate in the females,
cylindrical in males, with a deep, whitish, membranous notch, which
is apparently in first segment of tergum, but is really the basal mem¬
brane between the basal plates of metathorax.

Legs. — Femora unarmed, the two posterior pair much thickened in
males, with a shallow channel beneath to receive the bent tibiae; tibiae
with two obtuse spurs at apex ; anterior tarsi with obtuse processes be¬
neath ; a strong hook at tip of first joint of posterior tarsi of males;
claws simple.

Larvae twenty-two-footed, (G pectoral, 14 abdominal, and 2 cau¬
dal,) solitary ; bodies without hair, except in numerous small setiger-
ous tubercles. But one brood during the year. They rest in a spiral
position, tail inward, on the under side of leaves, and when disturbed
sometimes eject a fluid from pores above the spiracles.

They form a strong, brown, oval cocoon, which drops to the ground
with the falling leaves, and remains on the surface during the winter,
the insect coming forth in June or July. This is the largest of the
Tenthredinidse, but does not appear in such numbers as to be injuri¬
ous to vegetation.

1. C. americana.

Cimbex americana, Leach, Zool. Misc. Ill, 1817, 104. % .

Lepel, Mon. Tenth. 33, 87.

Harris, Inj. Ins, 519, % 9 > fig- 243.

Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. I, 201.

Cimbex femorata, Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am., 254, % .

Steel blue; abdomen purple tinged, in the females more or less spotted with
vellow-white; antenna? and tarsi in part testaceous ; wings variable. Length
0.80 — 1.08. Br. wings 1.80 — 2.28 inch.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

41

£ . Antennae luteous, the three basal articles more or less black ;
head and thorax black, with a bluish tinge; abdomen steel-blue, often
tinged with purple; pectus widened and rounded, forming an acute
angle with pleura; body and tibiae thinly covered with long, blackish
hair; legs long and stout; color blue, the second, third, fourth, and
base of fifth tarsal joints testaceous. Wings hyaline, their apex and a
spot below stigma fuscous.

$ . The female differs only from the male in having yellowish spots
on each side of the abdomen, varying in number, size and form.

Both sexes differ in the color of the wings, some being clear and
some violaceous. And the males differ in the color of the abdomen,
some having it rufous. The abdominal spots also vary much in the
females, thereby causing much confusion among different authors,

a.) I. C. americana, £ , as above.

With clear wings; abdomen of 9 G-spotted, spots on the third,
fourth and fifth segments.

Canada, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Georgia, (Leach.)

a. ) 2. C. americana, var. JJlmi, £ .

Cimbex ulmi, Peck., MS. Harris Cat. and Inj. Ins., 9 •

Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y. Agric. V, 101, £ 9.

Wings more or less obscure violaceous ; abdomen of 9 6-spotted ;
spots on the third, fourth and fifth segments.

b. ) 1. C. americana, var. LaPortei. £ .

With clear wings; abdomen, except at base, chestnut or purplish-red.
Mt. Washington, N. H. ; Canada.

b. ) 2. var. LaPortei, £ .

Cimbex LaPortei, Lepel, Ann. Soc. Ent. II, 1833, 454, £ .

Cimbex Kirbyi, Brulle, Hym. IV, 672, £ .

Wings obscure violaceous; abdomen, except at base, chestnut or
purplish-red.

Mass., Conn., New York.

No females as yet seen with this variation.

c. ) 1. C. americana, var. luctifera, 9-

Wings hyaline; abdomen 8-spotted; on each side of second, third,
fourth and fifth segments.

New England; Canada,

c.) 2. C. americana, var. luctifera.

Cimbex luctifera, King, Verhandl, &c., Berlin I, 85, 9 £ • Jahrb. I, 225, £ .
Cimbex viardi, Lepel, Ann. Soc. Ent. II, 454, 9-
Wings obscure violaceous; abdomen 8-spotted; on each side of se¬
cond, third, fourth and fifth segments.

Georgia, (Klug.) New York ; Pennsylvania.

(6)

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

JUNE, 1867.

42

EDWARD NORTON.

The wings are not always equally obscure, but sometimes have ir¬
regular clearer spots.

Two specimens from Pennsylvania, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) are 7-
spotted, having four on one side and three on the other side of abdo¬
men.

d.) 1. C. americana, var. decem-maculata.

Cimbex decem-maculata, d’Urban, Can. Zool., 18, 7085, 9 •

Wings hyaline; abdomen 10-spotted, on second, third, fourth, fifth
and sixth segments.

Spots approaching, not coalescing. Arctic Am. Youkon River.
(Smith. Ins.)

Spots coalescing. Lake Superior, (Cambr. Mus.) Canada; Hud¬
son’s Ray Territory.

d.) 2. C. americana, var. Dahlbomii.

Cimbex Dahlbomii, Guer. Icon. Reg. Anim. Ill, 393, 9 •

Wings obscure violaceous. Abdomen 10-spotted ; second, third,
fourth, fifth and sixth segments.

Spots not coalescing, those on second and sixth small.

Spots coalescing, with or without the apical segment pale.

New Jersey; New York; Pennsylvania.

e). 1. C. americana, var. Alba, 9 •

Wings hyaline. Abdomen 12-spotted, on second, third, fourth, fifth,
sixth and seventh segments.

Spots coalescing on the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh segments,
the anal segment and apical half of venter, white.

Rig Island; Gt. Slave Lake, (Smiths. Ins.) Mr. Kennicott.

The great similarity in kind of variation seems to prove that the
clear and dark winged specimens belong to the same species, subject
to as great changes as the C. variabilis of Europe, which it greatly re¬
sembles. The b.) 2, ( La Portei ) has been bred from larvae which
produced also C. Ulmi , a.) 2, % 9 , (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., I, 201.)
Dahlbom (Westwood Mod. Class. II, 98) states that the variations iu
color of C. variabilis are produced by its diversity of food. This species
like that, is an exception to ordinary rules, for most Ilymenoptera are
true to their types.

The range of this insect is from the Atlantic to Russian America,
and but few of the clear-winged species are found south of the Great
lakes, while few of those with obscure wings are found north of this.

Klug described the male of C. luctifera as having spots on the ab¬
domen, and in appearance like females. It would seem best to con-

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

43

eider this an error, until such specimens are taken in Georgia or else¬
where.

The larvae are known to feed on the elm, the willow and the linden.
They get their full growth about the middle of August, when they are
from one and a half to two inches in length. Skin rough, transversely
wrinkled; color pale grayish-yellow, with a stripe of two slender black
lines along the back, from head to tail. Spiracles black. When at
rest they hold to the leaf with the fore feet, and twist the body inward
sidewise into a spiral position.

2. C. Klugii, Leach Zool. Misc., No. 6. Lepel, Mon. Tenth. 30, 85, 9- — St.

Domingo.

3. C. McLeayi, Leach, Zool. Misc., No. 2. Lepel, Mon. Tenth. 30, S2, 'J, — St.

Domingo.

4. C. venusta, Perty, Delect. Anim. Art. 1. 1830, 129, Tab. xxvi, fig. 1. — Brazil.

Genus 2. TRICHIOSOMA, Leach.

Trichiosoma, Leach, Zool. Misc.

Cimbex, Fabr. and authors.

Wings as in Cimbex.

Antennae 8-articulate ; 3d article nearly half the length of antennae,
very slender; club 3-articulate, the two last closely soldered.

1 lead of % as wide as thorax, of 9 not as wide as thorax, nasus re¬
tracted, labrurn orbicular; mandibles generally bidentate.

Body densely pilose. Abdomen much like Cimbex , notch in first
segment not so deep.

Legs stout; the four posterior femora of males thickened, deeply
channeled and dentate; tibiae with two obtuse spurs.

Larvae and metamorphoses as in Cimbex.

1. T. triangulum.

Trichiosoma triangulum, Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. iv, 1S37, 254.

Trichiosoma lucorum, Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. iv, 1837, 255.

Trichiosoma bicolor, Harris, MSS., Norton, Proc. Bost. Soc. viii, 150, £ .
“Black, hairy, with cinereous lanuginous hairs; fourth, fifth and sixth ar¬
ticles of antennae, wings, tibiae and tarsi, testaceous . thighs black-blue; abdo¬
men ferruginous, with a dorsal black isosceles triangle.” Length 0.60 — 0.68.
Br. wings 1.32 — 1.56 inch.

$ 9 . Body black, shining, more or less punctured, covered with
soft and woolly whitish hairs.

Head, excluding the mandibles, depressed, orbicular, as wide as the
trunk, (that of female much narrower); mandibles crossed, very sharp,
black, polished, distinctly bidentate; anterior margin of the nose wavy,
emarginate ; labrurn extended, sub-orbicular, convex in middle, de¬
pressed in middle before, sides turned up; antennas, the second, base

•44

EDWARD NORTON.

of third, fourth, fifth and sixth articles testaceous; eyes prominent,
vertex square, marked out by a ridge on each side; trunk sub-globose,
anterior lobe of thorax with a longitudinal furrow ; thighs and coxm
black-blue, under a strong magnifier, beautifully, minutely reticulated,
wdiich gives them a silky lustre, the rest of the leg testaceous; a single
strong dentation near the tip, on each side of the groove beneath the
two hinder pair of thighs. Wings testaceous hyaline, with piceous
nerves and a cloud at the apex; a dense testaceous spot at juncture of
marginal nerve with stigma; stigma as in Cimbex ; abdomen ferrugi¬
nous or ochraceous, with a dorsal, triangular, black spot, extending
from base toward the apex, but not entering the last segment; the ba¬
silar ventral segments are spotted with brown.

Var. % . Abdomen, except apex, entirely black. (7T. bicolor.') Mt.
Washington, N. H. ; Summit, ( T. lucorum , Kirby.)

Var. % . Abdomen wholly purple-brown. (Canada.)

Lat. 65°, (Kirby.) Canada, Hudson’s Bay Territory; Youkon Ri¬
ver; Arct. Am., (Ivennicott.) Puget’s Sound, (Kennerley, Smiths.
Inst.)

This seems to be exclusively a northern insect.

Mr. Kirby does not give the sex of either T. triangulum or T. lu¬
corum, but from the description, it is evident that one is a male and
the other a female. T have concluded, whether rightly or not, that
they belong to the same species.

2. T. lanuginosa, n. sp.

Purple-black, labrum angulate before; shoulders and pleura with dense ci¬
nereous hair; wings blackish hyaline. Length 0.64. Br. wings 1.60 inch.

9. Shining purple-black, thickly covered with minute punctures;
antennae piceous black ; head narrow; nasus with a triangular notch
in middle ; labrum as in T. triangulum , produced to an angle instead
of being rounded; prothorax and pleura covered with long, dense, pale
cinereous hair, less dense on the scutel and very little upon the tergum ;
abdomen stout and very wide ; legs black; tarsi piceous, except base
of first and apical two-thirds of last joint; wings blackish hyaline, with
a yellowish tinge, clouded at apex ; a dense piceous spot, extending
from stigma across most of first discoidal cell.

Sierra Cxy, California. (Coll. Smiths. Tnst. J. Behren.)

3. CLAVELLARIA. Leach.

Clavellaria, Leach, Zool. Misc.

Cimbex, Fabr.

Wings as in Cimbex.

Antennx 5-joiuted, fifth joint forming a club as large as the third.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

45

Head nearly as wide as thorax ; eyes not approximate ; labrum
large; mandibles long in the males.

Body slightly villose; emargination of first segment of abdomen
very slight; the four posterior femora unarmed, thickened in males.

Inhabits Europe.

Lanceolate cell closed in middle.

4. ZAREA, Leach.

Zcrcn , Leach, Zool. Misc.

Tenthredo, Spec., Jurine, Fab., &c.

Wings as in Cirnbex, excepting that the lanceolate cell is closed ;
they are generally fasciate ; the stigma is wider.

Antennae, 6-articulate, third article long, slender and curved ; fifth
and sixth forming an obtuse club.

Head small, much narrower than thorax; eyes united behind in the
male; maxillary palpi having the three first joints short, the three
others elongate; nasus retracted ; labrum advanced.

Body glabrous; abdomen as in Cirnbex , but rather more ovate and
flattened, with deeper sutures in females; basal plates not emarginate.

Legs slender; femora of males not incrassate; tibiae with two obtuse
apical spurs.

1. Z. inflatus.

Zarea in flatus, Norton, Proc Bost. Soc. viii, 151, 9 •

Greenish-black; abdomen blue-black, obovate, glabrous; apex of basal mem¬
brane whitish; legs testaceous; wings fasciate. Length 0.48. Br. wings 1.00
inch.

9 . Head and thorax metallic, greenish black ; antennae black, api¬
cal joints piceous beneath, apical joint of club longest; head coarsely
punctured, and, with the prothorax and pleura covered with whitish
hair; eyes large, reniform, partly inclosing ocelli and base of antennae;
nasus not so much retracted as in Trichiosoma , with a sinuous edge
and large fovea behind; thorax sparsely, abdomen finely punctured ;
collar and abdomen blue-black; the cenchri at sides of post-scutel, or¬
dinarily round, are oval and lengthened ; base of metathorax and of
basal membrane whitish ; abdomen flattened, sutures distinct, curved ;
each of the five apical segments having in the middle a transverse glau¬
cous band of fine hair, greenish beneath, the basal segments beneath
and the legs brownish-yellow ; coxae at base and a band in middle of
femora black ; wings hyaline, nervures and stigma yellow testaceous ;
apex of superior wings, a broad band at the stigma and a dense darker
spot fuscous.

Farmington, Conn. One specimen.

Mr. Walsh informs me that he has both S 9 from Massachusetts.

46

EDWARD NORTON.

5. ABIA, Leach.

Abia, Leach, Zool. Misc.

Tenthredo, Jurine, Fab.

Wings as in Zarea.

Antennae seven-jointed ; third article long and bent ; club obtuse, of
three articles, the two last coalescing.

Head small, eyes nearly meeting behind in male; nasus and labrum
as in Zarea ; joints of maxillary palpi unequal.

Bod;/ villose; abdomen having a metallic silken hue as in Zarea ; a
raised velvety patch on the tergum in males (wanting in females); ba¬
sal plates not emarginate.

Legs rather short, slender; femora not incrassate, tibiae with rather
obtuse spurs.

These insects are of smaller size and apparently gregarious.

1. Abia Kennicotti, n. sp.

Black, varied with blue and green; legs white, at base blue; wings yellow
hyaline, with piceous fasciae. Length 0.32. Br. wings 0.64 inch.

% . Antennae black ; third article not so long as the fourth and fifth
together; sutures of club distinct. Head metallic-green, coarsely punc¬
tured, eyes nearly meeting; nasus hardly retracted, curved, but slightly
emarginate; labrum pointed, oval, and with the mandibles ferruginous;
palpi varying in color; head, thorax and tip of abdomen covered with
sparse, long, blackish cinereous hair. Thorax black above, pleura
greenish, pectus bluish ; abdomen with metallic reflections; a brown¬
ish velvety patch on the summit of third, fourth, fifth and sixth seg¬
ments, with a shining cinereous band of short hair on each side; edges
of abdomen beneath, brownish; coxae and femora blue; tips of femora
and remainder of legs white; tarsi growing darker toward apex; spurs
not very obtuse. Wings hyaline; on the apex of superior pair and
the basal half below stigma two fuscous obscure fasciae, in the larger of
which the first discoidal and second brachial are clear; nervures testa¬
ceous, stigma a little enlarged, with a dense spot beneath the base ;
lower wings smoky hyaline.

9 . The female has the tergum beyond the second segment sericeous
with whitish hair.

2. Abia caprifolium. n. sp.

Black, with faint greenish reflections on abdomen; two white bands at base
of metathorax ; wings fasciate. Length 0.36. Br. wings 0.70 inch.

9 . Antennae ferruginous toward tip, third joint not longer than
fourth and fifth together ; sixth and seventh closely soldered, the apex
truncate; eyes reniform; nasus slightly emarginate; palpi white; head
and thorax delicately punctured and covered with long pale hair; a

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

47

whitish band across metathorax below scutel, and another beneath,
covering most part of basal plates ; tergum sericeous with whitish hair
on all but the two basal segments; ovipositor pale; apical segment and
base of venter whitish ; coxae and a wide band on all the femora black;
trochanters and legs below the knees white ; wings yellowish hyaline,
both pair fasciate across the middle and at tip ; the second brachial
clear, a denser spot below stigma; nervures yellowish.

Illinois.

One specimen (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) collected by Mr. C. V. Riley,
of Chicago. He mentions it as quite common there at times. “ Color
of larva bluish-green on back ; yellow at sides, which is pale near spi¬
racles, and covered with small black dots. Between every segment is
a small, transverse, yellow band, with a black spot in the middle and
at each end. Head free, of a brownish-black above and color of the
body beneath. Eyes quite black and distinct. Legs color of sides and
body. When touched it curls up and falls to the ground. It spins a
compact cocoon, (Long 0.50 inch), oval, rounded at ends, slightly
transparent, color of thin glue. Remains dormant during the winter
in the caterpillar state, and early in the spring changes to a chrysalis,
which is soft, pale yellow on abdomen above and on sides, rather green¬
ish below; remainder of body white; the antennae, legs and wing-
sheaths also white, transparent; eyes brownish. Shortly before it
comes forth it becomes blackish, and the eyes quite black,” Number
of legs not given.

The larva feeds on the Caprifolium (honeysuckle).

3. A. cerasi.

Abia cerasi, Fitch, Third Report N. Y. State Agr. Soc, 1859, p. 07 — 93.

<l Black; club of antennae 4-jointed ; abdomen and thighs blue-black
and the feet and tips of the shanks pale yellow; thorax thinly covered
with pale greenish-yellow hair; wings transparent, smoky yellowish,
with black veins, those on the basal third pale yellow. Length 0.60.
Br. wings 1.35 inch.”

New York. (Not seen.)

Dr. Fitch states that he bred this insect from one of two cocoons
found on the wild cherry, and that the club of the antennae is 4-jointed
instead of three, and the antennae 8-jointed instead of seven. Cocoons
coarse brown, firm and tough, cylindrical, with rounded ends. Length
0.80. Wide 0.38 inch. The insect came forth in March.

48

EDWARD NORTON.

b. Wings with first and second submarginal cells each receiving a recur¬

rent nervure.

6. AMASIS, Leach.

Amasis, Leach, Zool. Misc.

Wings with two marginal and three submarginal cells; first and se¬
cond submarginal each with a recurrent nervure; lanceolate cell closed
in middle.

Antennae 5-articulate, the fifth forming an obtuse club.

Head small ; eyes not approximating in the males; labrum short;
mandibles bidentate.

Abdomen naked, punctate, depressed, basal membrane not visible.
Legs short, the fourth posterior tibiae with acute spurs; last joint of
tarsi much shorter than that preceding.

Inhabits Europe.

a. Wing with first submarginal cell receiving the two recurrent nervure?.

7. PLAGIOCERA, Klug.

Plagiocera, Klug.

Wings with two marginal and three submarginal cells ; first submar¬
ginal with two recurrent nervures; wings rounded at apex; lanceolate
cell closed in middle. Under wings two middle cells.

Antennae 5-articulate; the fifth forming an obtuse truncate club.
Legs. — Spurs simple ; claws with an inner tooth.

1. P. thoracica, Klug, Jahrb., 1834, 228, Tab. II, fig. 5.— Brazil.

2. P. Klugii, Brulle, Hym. iv. 1846, 672, PI. 48, fig. 3. — South America.

c. Wings with second submarginal cell receiving two recurrant nervures.

8. PACHYLOSTICA. Klug.

Pachylostica, Klug.

Wings. — Two marginal and three submarginal cells, the second sub¬
marginal with two recurrent nervures, hexagonal in form; lanceolate
cell closed in middle; wings oblique truncate at apex; stigma forming
an outward projection on anterior wings.

Antennae 5-articulate, the fifth forming a lengthened outward club.
Legs. — The spurs lamellate.

Only the females known.

1. P. tibialis, Klug, Monogr. 1824, 173, 1 9; Jahrb., 228, 1. — Brazil.

2. P. violacea. Klug, Monogr. 174, 2 9; Jahrb., 228, 2. — Brazil.

3. P. albiventris. Klug, Monogr. 174, 3 9; Jahrb., 228, 3; Brulle, Hym. iv, 671,

PI. 48, 4.— Brazil.

4. P. chalybea, Perty, Delect. Am. Art. 1, 1830, 129, Tab. xxvi, fig. 2. — Brazil.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

49

B. Wings with one marginal and three submarginal cells.

First and second submarginal cells each with one recurrent nervure.

9. THULEA, Say.

Thulea, Say, Bost. Jour. I, 1S35, 213.

Wings. — One marginal and three submarginal cells.

Antennse 6-jointed, the sixth clavate ; second twice as long as first
and second; fourth minute, shortest; fifth as long as third; sixth
nearly as long as third and fifth, slightly dilated at tip.

iScutel large.

1. T- nigra.

Thulea nigra, Say, Bost. Jour. I, 1S35, 213.

“ Body black; nasus and labrum green; spot before the wings, wing
scale and feet yellowish green.

“ Length to the tip of the wings, three-twentieths of an inch.

“ Inhabits Mexico.”

Not seen.

10. ACOKDULECEBA, Say.

Acordulecera, Say, Bost. Jour., I, 1835, 210.

Wings — One marginal and three submarginal cells; first and second
submarginal each with a recurrent nervure; first submarginal long;
lanceolate cell wanting. Stigma large, as in Hylotoma.

Under-wing with one inner cell. It has but one marginal, two sub-
marginal, one discoidal and two medial cells, and the externo-medial
nerve joins the costa without bending, leaving the marginal cell with
an acute angle behind.

Antennse six articulate, very short, not clavate, apical joint not en¬
larged, but somewhat globose.

Body short and stout, maxillary palpi having the three apical joints
long, the sixth longest.

Legs short; the four posterior tibiae with a side spur, as in Ilyho-
toma , apical spurs all sharp, claws simple.

This genus would seem to require a separate division, as its anten¬
nae are filiform and not clavate, and its affinities are rather toward the
Hylotomides or Teuthredinides.

1. A. dorsalis.

Acordulecera dorsalis, Say, Bost. Jour. I, 1835, 200. 9 ?> •

“Black; hypostoma, a spot at base of the tergum and feet whithish.” Length
0.12 — 0.16. Br. wings 0.36 — 0.48 in.

u % 9 . Black, with minute whitish hairs ; nasus, labrum and mouth
white; mandibles rufous at tip; thorax, with the anterior segment,
curving to the base of the wing, white; line of the insertion of the
wings white; wings a little dusky; nervures fuscous; tergum pale

TRANS. AMEE. ENT. SOC. ( 7 ) JUNE, 1867.

50

EDWARD NORTON.

yellowish on the basal disk; blackish brown at tip; venter more or
less yellowish white, dusky or blackish at tip ; feet and coxas whitish
green.

Yar. a. Feet and part of the costal rib green ; scutel and posterior
portion of the stethidium whitish.

Yar. b. Thorax and abdomen entirely black.”

Indiana, (Say.) New England, Maryland.

Wings with one marginal and four submarginal cells.

Second and third submarginal cells each with a recurrent nervure.

11. SYZYGONIA, Klug.

Hyzygonia, Klug, Jahrbueher, die Ins., 1834, 229.

Wings with one marginal and four submarginal cells, of which the
first and second are the smallest, and the second and third each receive
a recurrent nervure; wings rounded at apex.

Antennae, six-articulate, the sixth clavate, the third longest.

Legs. Anterior inner tibial spur at apex bifid !

a.) Antennae 5-artieulate before the club, (third submarginal cell
not receiving the recurrent nervure.)

1. S. cyanoptera, Klug., Monogr. 1S24, 171, 9; Perty, S;dx. and Mart. Delect.,

Ill, 130, PI. xxvi, 4. — Brazil.

2. S. cyanea, Klug, Brulle, Hym. iv, 671, PI. 48, 2. — Brazil.

3. S. aenea, Perty, Spix. and Mart. Delect. 1830. 130, PI. xxvi, fig. 3. — Brazil.

/?.) Antennse 4-articulate before the club, (third submarginal wing
cell receiving one recurrent nervure.

4. S. cyanocephala, King, Monogr. 1824, 180, 2; Jahrb. 229, 2, PI. 11,6,1. —

Brazil.

The figure drawn by Klug has the marginal wing cell appendiculate.
12. PERGA. Leach.

Perga, Leach, Zool. Misc. Latr. Norw. Diet., 2d ed.

Wings with one marginal, appendiculate cell and four submarginal
cells ; the first and second very small, the second and third each re¬
ceiving a recurrent nervure.

Antennae six-articulate, the first five short, the last long and more
dilated within than without.

Inhabits New Holland.

The following genus is thought by Brull6 and Klug to belong more
properly to Hylotomidae.

13. CEPHALOCERA, Klug.

Cephalocera, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1843. 252.

Wings with one marginal, appendiculate, and three or four submar-

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

51i

ginal cells; the first and second (or second and third, if one counts the
incomplete cell at the base), each receiving a recurrent nervure.

Antennae, seven-articulate, third longest, seventh slightly enlarged.

1. Cephalocera ? calcar, n. sp.

Testaceous ; antennae and two vittae on thorax black ; apical half of wings
obscure. Length 0.24. Br. wings 0.52 in.

9- Testaceous; antennae villose, dark piceous, seven jointed, the
first twice as long as second, the second four times as long as first,
sixth slightly globular at tip, seventh as long as sixth, not clavate,
(somewhat like Selandria ;) the two basal joints white; head and
body testaceous ; two vittae on side lobes of meso-thorax, five or six
obscure spots on middle of tergum ; breast piceous; legs testaceous,
hinder tibiae at apex black ; the four hinder tibiae each with a side
spur; all the apical spurs acute; first tarsal joint nearly as long as all
the remainder; tarsi slender, not dilated, no patellae visible; wings
hyaline, all appendiculate, their apical half clouded; nervures yellowish,
stigma large, nearly white ; one marginal and four submarginal cells,
the first nearly as long as second ; the 2d receiving the two recurrent
nervures at or very near the intersection of first and second, and se¬
cond and third cells; first and second submarginal of equal length;
third shorter, not much widened at outer end ; lower half of first sub¬
marginal cross nervure wanting ; lanceolate cell wanting, obsolete ; un¬
derwings one middle cell.

Cordova, t. c. Mexico. (1 9 •) (Coll, of H. deSaussure.)

This can hardly belong to CepTialocera , which I have not seen, but
seems rather a connecting link between Ilylotoma and Tenthredinides,
having the wings and side spurs of the one, and the antennas of the
other. The bullae occupy the lower half of the first submarginal
cross nervure, and most part of second and third.

2. C, pumila, King, Jakrbuch. 1834, 252. PI. II, 10 — Brazil.

Sub-Family 2. IIylotomides.* Westw.

Antennae three or four-articulate; third joint long, and in the
males often furcate ; marginal cells not appendiculate.

* The arrangement of genera here presented is arbitrary, and probably in¬
correct, as the definitions of Klug are short, and founded only on the upper
wing cells, and are apparently faulty, while the arrangement of other authors
seems to be taken up without seeing the insects, and the very few specimens
within my reach do not agree with the diagnoses laid down.

52

EDWARD NORTON.

C. Wings with two marginal and three submarginal cells.

14. BLASTICOTOMA* Klug.

Blasticotoma, Klug, Jahrb., 1S34. 251, Tab. II, fig. 9.

Wings with two marginal and three submarginal cells; the first and
second submarginals each with a recurrent nervure; lanceolate cell
with oblique cross line ; under wings with two middle cells.

Antenna s four-articulate — the third long, the fourth very small.

The males are not yet described.

Inhabits Germany.

The first submarginal wing cell probably has an incomplete cross
line, as Klug says this genus has four submarginal cells, and other
writers three.

1). Wings with one marginal cell.

Four submarginal cells.

a. The second and third submarginal cells each with a recurrent nervure.

15. SERICOCERA, Le Pel. MS.

Sericocera, Brulle, Hym. iv, p. 669.

Hglotoma , ********. Klug, Jahrb., 249.

Wings, one marginal, not appeudiculate, and four submarginal cells,
of which the second and third each receive a recurrent nervure; lan¬
ceolate cell closed in middle; under wings with two inner cells. The
bullae in this differ from those of Hglotoma in there being but one,
which is small, near the base of second submarginal cross nervure,
from which two clearer lines run to the two bullae at the ends of the
third cross nervure.

Tibia s all simple, (without side spurs).

Brulle considers this to be identical with the eighth division of
Hglotoma , Klug, doubtless on the ground that the first submarginal
cell is wholly or partially incomplete. Klug states that the species
have three submarginal cells, first and second each with a recurrent
nervure.

In the absence of proper data, I have chosen to consider the anten¬
nae of the 9 filiform, and those of Schizocerus 9 subclavate.

Sericocera plumicornis, n. sp.

Black, shoulders white, antennae % bifurcate, slender, curled, ciliate.
Length, 0.28. Br. wings, 0.60 inch.

£ . Shining black. Antennae black, third joint bifurcate, slender,
decreasing in size towards apex, curled, ciliate; teguhe aud prothorax
white, remainder of body black; abdomen rather stout; legs black ;

• This is considered by authors as intermediate between Cimbicides and Ily-
lotomides. Ilartig makes for it a separate sub-family.

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

53

anterior pair distinctly white before; tibim simple, first tarsal joint as
long as all the rest. Wings violaceous sub-hyaline, most obscure in
marginal cell ; first submarginal cross nervure imperfect ; recurrent
nervures received in middle of second and third cells; third cell con¬
tracted below, half as wide as above; lanceolate cell widely contracted;
under wings with two inner cells, no lanceolate cell.

Cordova, t. c. Mexico. One male. (H. deSaussure.)

2. Sericocera villosus, n. sp.

Black, antennee setaceous, villose, thorax waxen, wings violaceous. Length
0.35. Br. wings 0.92 in.

9. Head and abdomen black ; antennae black, not longer than to
scute!, setaceous, woolly, with black hair; head small, not more than
two-thirds the width of thorax ; tegulae and whole of thorax pale
yellow waxen color; thorax quite globular before; abdomen black,
short and stout. Anterior cox;e, femora and tibiae before, medial
coxte and femora, except tips, yellowish; remainder of legs black.
Wings violaceous, quite ample, darkest toward base, a dark spot cover¬
ing marginal and upper half of submarginal cells; stigma black, first
submarginal cell almost square, second and third each with a recurrent
nervure iu middle; third submarginal contracted below, its outer ner¬
vure angulate, with a short produced nervure near upper end, below
upper bullae; lanceolate cell widely contracted; under wings with two
middle cells, their lanceolate cell small, with an indistinct cross line
above.

Cordova, t. c. Mexico. One 9 • (H. deSaussure.)

3. Sericocera alternator, n. sp.

Ochraceous; head, metathorax and breast black; wings semi-obscure.
Length 0.40. Br. wings 1.02 in.

9 . Shining, ochraceous. Basal joint of antennae black, remainder
wanting ; head not as wide as thorax, black ; eyes widely separated ;
ocelli ruby colored ; nasus slightly emargiuate ; tegulae black ; thorax
and abdomen ochraceous, with the metathorax, and a large spot on
breast black ; abdomen stout; coxte and legs black ; the anterior pair
pale before. Wings ample, violaceous semi-obscure, darkest at base;
stigma and nervures black; first submarginal cross nervure obsolete,
second and third cells receiving the recurrent nervures in middle;
third contracted to half its width below; lanceolate cell widely closed,
that in lower wing wanting.

•Jala pa, Mexico. One female. (H. deSaussure.)

4. S. (Hylotoma) compressicornis, King, Jahrbuch. 1834, 249, 93, 9 • — Brazil.

5. S. (Hylotoma) hypoleuca, Klug, Jahrbuch. 1834, 250, 95, % . — Brazil.

54

EDWARD NORTON.

6. S. (Hylotoma) mesomela, King, Jahrbuch. 1834, 250, 94, 9- — Brazil.

7. S. (Hylotoma) nigrita, Klug, Jahrbuch. 1834, 250, 96, 'J, . — Brazil.

8. S. (Hylotoma) piceiventris, Klug, Jahrbuch. 1834, 2a0, 97, 9- — Brazil.

9. S. (Hylotoma) praecox, Klug, Jahrbuch. 1834, 249, 92, % . — Bahia, Brazil.

10. S. spinolae, Brulle, Hym. iv, 1846, 609, % . PI. 47, fig. 5. — South America.

16. SCHIZOCERUS, Latr.

Schizocera, Latr., Lepel. et Serv., Brulle, Westw., Stephens, Hartig, Curtis, Ac.
Hylotoma, * * * Klug.

Cryptus, Leach, Lepel.

Wings. — One marginal, not appendiculate, and four* submarginal
cells, the first imperfect (or with obsolete nervure,) and the second and
third each with a recurrent nervure; lanceolate cell petiolate; third
submarginal narrow, not greatly wider above, the cross-nervures curved,
nearly parallel; submarginal bullae five — one on first transverse ner¬
vure, one near the reception of first recurrent nervure, one near the
base of second, and two on the third transverse nervures.

Antennae, o-articulate, bifurcate above the second article in the males,
either clavate or long and simple in the females.)"

Tibiae simple.

1. S. plumigera.

Hylotoma plumigera, Klug, Berl. Mag. vi, 1814, 306, 37. B. a.; Jahrb., 243, 71.
Cryptus Klugii, Leach, Zool. Misc. Ill, 125, 2 % 9 •

Lepel. Monogr. 53, 150 'J, 9-

Schizocerus Klugii, Lep., et Sel. Eneyc. Meth. Ins. ix, 573.

9- Antennae black; Head black; thorax saffron-yellow; abdomen yellow,
anus black; legs black, the anterior yellow ; wings fuscous hyaline. Long 2J
lines. Br. wings 6f lines.

% . The male has the back black, with antennae above the second
article bifid and quite ciliate.

Klug adds: “Nasus, mandibles and palpi, clear brownish; spot on
thorax enclosing most of middle lobe; a black-brown spot on breast;
legs yellow, the tarsi dusky ; wings throughout a uniform blackish co¬
lor ; nerves and stigma dark brownish; femora at base, and tibiae, also
the tarsi are sometimes blackish.”

Georgia, (Leach.) New York, (Klug.)

A female from the Eastern States has the antennae short, the head
black, a vitta on anterior lobe of mesothorax, spots on metathorax, a
spot on breast, apical segment of abdomen, and the three apical seg-

* Lepel., Klug and Hartig, give this four submarginal cells. Brulle and Ste¬
phens but three.

-j- Westwood and Stephens state that the antennre of the females are long and
simple. Lepel. calls them clavate.

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

55

ments of venter black ; legs wholly black, except the anterior femora
at tip before, and the tibiae and tarsi pale; wings clouded, darkest at
base; first submarginal with incomplete cross-line; the second and
third narrowest at top and bottom, their outer nervures curved. In
this species the second submarginal bulla is at the reception of the first
recurrent nervure. Specimens from Colorado are a little larger, and
have the back of head more or less yellowish. These may prove to be
a separate species. Long 3] — 4 lines. Br. wings 7 — 8s lines.

2. S. abdominalis.

Schizocerus abdominalis, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, 1865, 243, 2, 'J, .

Length 3^ lines. Br. wings lines.

“ % . Black, polished ; face clothed with short, pale, sericeous pu¬
bescence ; mouth piceous ; antennae as long as the head and thorax,
black ; the third joint pale within, furcate and clothed with long black
pubescence. Thorax smooth and polished ; prothorax honey-yellow ;
tegulae piceous. Wings ample, tinged with fuliginous, especially about
the base; nervures and stigma black. Legs shining black, the ante¬
rior tibiae and tarsi pale. Abdomen bright honey-yellow, with two
transverse spots at the extreme base and the extreme tip fuscous.”

Colorado Territory.

This is probably the male of the specimens of S. plumigera from
Colorado.

3. Schizocerus ebenus, n. sp.

Black; antennae furcate, anterior legs pale before; wings blackish. Length
0.18. Br. wings 0.50 inch.

% . Shining black; antennae furcate above second joint, filiform,
pilose, juncture of second and third joints pale; nasus emarginate;
mouth black ; body and legs black, the anterior pair pale beneath be¬
low the knees; hinder tibiae somewhat swollen at apex; wings black¬
ish opaque; near the apex less obscure; first submarginal cross-ner-
vure obsolete ; second and third submarginals contracted at top and
bottom, third submarginal narrow ; fourth submarginal quite large.

New York. One % .

In this and all the following species the second submarginal bulla
covers most of the nerve between the recurrent nervure and the second
transverse vein.

4. Schizocerus sericeus, n. sp.

Black, the head and thorax bronze sericeus ; tegulse and two edges of anterior
angle whitish; wings hyaline. Length 0.26 — 0.30. Br. wings 0.50 — 0.60 inch.

9 . Black : antennae short, not reaching scutel, clavate, but larger
in the middle than at apex, second joint very short; head and thorax

5G

EDWARD NORTON.

with metallic reflections and covered with short whitish pile; ridge be¬
tween antennae elevated; nasus emarginate; palpi pale; tegulse and
anterior angle waxen-white; a semi-obsolete whitish band on apex of
each segment of tergum ; abdomen stout; legs with the coxae, a band
on all the femora and apex of posterior tibiae blackish, remainder fuscous,
paler before; inner space of anterior tibiae large and obtuse; wings
hyaline, very faintly clouded; nervures brown-yellowish at base; first
submarginal square, not rounded behind; second and third cells receiv¬
ing the recurrent nervures near their base; third submarginal large,
form approaching that of Atomacera.

Maine; Illinois.

5. Schizocerus privatus, n. sp.

Black, with semi-obscure wings; abdomen yellow-red. Length 0.20. Br.
wings 0.54 inch.

9 . Black. Antennae moderate, flattened above the middle and
thus appearing filiform from above, pilose; head wide, nasus yellowish.
Thorax black, except the sides of metathorax and basal plates, which,
with the abdomen are yellow-red, tip of ovipositor sheath black ; legs
black, their four hinder coxae, trochanters, and base of femora yellow;
wings blackish, sub-opaque, the first submarginal cell distinct, but the
dividing nervure obsolete in middle; third submarginal quite narrow.
La. New Orleans. One 9 ■

This may be the same as Atomacera cellularis of Say.

6. S. (Hylotoma) albicollis. King, Jahrb., 1834, 245, 76, 9- — Brazil.

7. S. (Hylotoma) brasiiiana. King, Berl. Mag. vi, 1814, 308, 40 ; Jahrbuoh., 245,

75. — Brazil.

8. S. cyanoptera, Perty, Spix and Mart., Delect. Ilym. 1830, 130, Tab. xxvi, 4.

— Brazil.

9. S. (Hylotoma) filicornis, Ivlug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 244, 74, % 9- — Brazil.

10. S. (Hylotoma) gibba, Klug, Jahrb., 1834, 245, 77, 9> Tab. II, fig. 7. — Brazil.

11. S. hyaloptera, Perty, Spix and Mart., Delect. 1830, 130, Tab. xxvi, fig. 6. —

Amazon.

12. S. obscura. Brulle, Ilym. iv, 1846, 668, PI. 47, fig. 4. — South America.

13. S. xanthoptera, Perty, Spix and Mart., Delect. 1830, 130. Tab. xxvi, fig. 5. —

Bio Negro, Brazil.

17. ATOMACERA. Say.

Atomacera, Say, Bost. Jour. I, 1835, 212.

Wings. — One marginal, not appcndiculate, and three or four sub¬
marginal cells, the dividing nervure between first and second being ob¬
solete” or sub-obsolete; third submarginal with the cross-nervures
rather widely separated, the outer nervure nearly twice as long as the

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

57

inner, an obtuse angle at the reception of the second recurrent nervure.
Antennae, 3-articulate, simple, ciliate in male.

Body short.

Tibiae simple.

1. A. debilis.

Atomacera debilis, Say, Bost. Jour. I, 1835, 212, 1, ^ .

“Blaek; tibiae whitish. Length 0.15 inch.

S . Body black, polished ; antennae, ciliae longer than the transverse
diameter of the antennae ; mouth dull piceous ; wings fuliginous, a
little paler at tip ; first and second cubital cellules confluent; tibiae,
anterior pair dull pale yellowish. ”

Indiana. Not seen.

Mr. Walsh writes, that he has taken one specimen in Illinois. The
antennae about three-fifths as long as body, the third joint of equal
thickness to the middle, beyond which it tapers a little to the tip ; the
first submarginal cross-vein is distinct. He thinks A. ritjicollis to be
the 9 of this.

2. A. cellularis.

Atomacera cellularis, Say, Bost. Jour. I, 1835, 213, 2, 9 •

Black ; abdomen rufous. Length, less than one-fourth of an inch.

9 . Body black, polished ; antennae distinctly and rather densely
ciliated with hairs, which are a little shorter than the transverse di¬
ameter of the antennae; nasus, labrum and palpi whitish; wings dusky
violaceous; cubital cellules three; the second very small, hardly one-
third the length of the first, and but little wider at its tip than at its
base; abdomen entirely yellow rufous; feet, coxae, trochanters and
base of the tibiae whitish; anterior pair of tibiae dull whitish.

Indiana.

3. A. ruficollis.

Atomacera ruficollis, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc, Phil., 1864, 6, 7, 9 •

Black; the prothorax above, mesothorax and scutel rufous; wings sub-viola¬
ceous. Length 0.17. Br. wingSQ.40 inch.

9. Shining black, short and stout; antennae black, short, thickly
ciliate ; second joint very short ; third hardly clavate, but decreasing
gradually in size to tip; the fourth and fifth joints of palpi flattened
and enlarged, apical joints of equal length, but slender; basal third of
antennae above and beneath ferruginous ; tegulae, anterior angle, meso¬
thorax and scutel yellow-red ; legs black, their anterior tibiae dull
whitish before, their spurs short and sharp ; wings ample, violaceous,
sub-opaque, clearer toward apex, stigma large; four submarginal cells,
second and third each receiving a recurrent nervure ; lanceolate cell
petiolate; under wings with two middle cells.

(8)

TUANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

JUNE, 1867.

58

EDWARD NORTOX.

Peuna. ; Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) Illinois, (B. D. Walsh.)
Three females.

The abdomen is short and stout and pointed like Nematus.

b. Second and intersection of second and third submarginal cells each with
a recurrent nervure.

18. SCOBINA. Lepel.

Hylotoma, f f f Lepel., Monogr. 1823, 48, 140.

Scobina, Lep. et Serville, Eneyc. Meth. x. 1827.

Brulle, Hym. iv, 669.

Wings. — One marginal, not appendiculate, and four submarginal
eells, the second and intersection of second and third each receiving a
recurrent nervure.

Antennae of females villose, clavate, sub-capitate.

Tibiae simple. — Brulle. The four hinder tibiie unispinose in the
middle. — Lepel.

Country unknown.

Three submarginal cells.

19. THEMOS.

Hylotoma,*****#*, Klug, Jahrbuch,. 1834, 249.

Wings. — One marginal, not appendiculate and three submarginal
cells, of which the first receives two recurrent nervures.

Tibiae all simple.

1. Themos hyaline, n. sp.

Head and thorax ochraceous; abdomen black; wings violaceous opaque, at
apex hyaline. Length 0.4S. Br. wings 0.49 inch.

£ . Antennae very short, not reaching scutel, clavate, villose with
short brownish hair ; color black, the two basal joints pale. Head
nearly as wide as thorax, color of both ochraceous; tegulai same color;
metathorax and abdomen black, with bluish reflections; abdomen
stout, wider in middle. Anterior legs ochraceous, the tibiae black
above, posterior legs purple. Wings ample, brownish violaceous,
opaque, apex of upper pair abruptly and perfectly clear; first submar¬
ginal large, and receiving two recurrent nervures; lanceolate cell pe-
tiolate ; under wings with two middle cells, the lower one diamond¬
shaped, small, its lanceolate cell small.

But one bulla in each of the submarginal cross-nervures, the outer
one small and in the middle of the nervure.

Pennsylvania. One male.

This came from the Smithsonian Institute and is marked Pennsyl¬
vania. but is probably from Mexico or South America.

2. T. (Hylotoma^ Olfersii. Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 249, 91, £. Brulle. Ilym. iv,

669. — Brazil.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

59

3. T. (Hylotoma) surinamensis, King, Berl. Mag. vi, 307, 38. B. b. ; Jahrbuch.,

249, 90. — Surinam.

E. Wings icith one marginal cell appencliculate.

Three submarginal cells.

20. HYLOTOMA. ***** King.

Hylotoma, ***** King, Jahrbuch., 1834, 248, 88.

Wings, one marginal, appendiculate and three submarginal cells, of
which the first receives two recurrent nervures.

Tibise all simple.

1. (Hylotoma) formosa, King, Jahrbuch., 1834, 248, 88, 9- — Brazil.

21. HYLOTOMA, ****** King.

Hylotoma, ******, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 248.

Wings , one marginal, appendiculate and three submarginal cells, of
which the second receives two recurrent nervures.

Tibise all simple.

1. (Hylotoma) leucocephala, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 248, 89, 9- — Cayenne.

22. DIDYMIA, Lepel. et Serv.

Hylotoma, fff, Lepel., Monogr. 1823, 48.

Hylotoma, *■***, Klug, Jahrbuch., 245.

Didymia, Lepel. et Serv. Encyc. Meth. 1827, x. ; Brulle, Hvm. iv, 668.

Gymnia, Lepel. MS.

Wings, one marginal, slenderly appendiculate and three submarginal
cells, of which the first and second each receive a recurrent nervure :
lanceolate cell contracted.

Antennse 3-articulate; furcate in the males above the second article.
Tibise all simple.

Remainder as in Hylotoma.

1. D. concinna.

Hylotoma concinna, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 246, 82, £ . PI. II, fig. 8.
“Antennse longer than the abdomen, furcate, ciliate, pale; with the apex of
abdomen and the hinder tarsi black; wings fuscous in the middle, fuscous hy¬
aline.”

“ Somewhat larger than H. plumigera ; pale yellow; head between
antennte shining brown; antennse dark at tip; anterior legs wholly
yellow; hinder legs yellow, with the tibiae, spines and tarsi blackish ;
wings in the middle pale yellow, transparent; at base and tip blackish;
nerves and stigma yellow.

Mexico. One male.”

Not seen. In the colored plate this is figured with the head and
apex of abdomen black, and the apical half of marginal cell and basal
half of both pair of wings very dark.

GO

EDWARD NORTON.

2. D. versicolor.

Hylotoma versicolor, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 246, 83, 9-
“ Luteous, with the vertex of head, back of thorax and apex of abdomen
black ; wings black, in the middle flavo-hyali ne.”

“Hardly as large as the II. melanictera. Head smooth and shining
black, in front pale yellow; antennae as long as to scutel, compressed,
#covered with line hair, dusky, somewhat bent outward at the tips.
Thorax above yellow ; lobes distinctly separated, smooth and shining ;
middle of the middle lobe and the whole of the side lobes black ; ab¬
domen yellow, tip black; legs yellow; posterior tibiae at tip and final
joints of tarsi blackish; wings large, yellow, transparent ; their base,
a cross band before the middle and tips black ; nerves and middle of
stigma yellow, other nerves black.”

Mexico. One female.

The antennae of female much flattened at base of third joint, their
basal half yellow; scutel and metathorax pale; marginal wing cell be¬
yond the middle and all the apical cells obscure ; one-fourth of the
wing at base dark, with an oval, clear spot in the middle of first and
second brachial cells; stigma pale, large, almost triangular. Lanceo¬
late cell petiolate, small. There are three submarginal cells, of which
the first is more than twice as long as the second ; second quite short ;
appendiculate cell not slender.

The male has the antennae furcate, formed like those of 9 , not so
much compressed. Length 0.32. Br. wings 0.72 inch.

Cordova and Tampico ; Mexico. One S , two 9- (H. deSaussure.)

3. D. fusca.

Hylotoma fusca, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 247, S7, % .

“Antennae furcate, fuscous black; the wings obscure hyaline; costa and stig¬
ma yellow.”

“Of the usual form and size. Head deep black, with furcate, finely
ciliate antennae ; back of thorax black, anterior lobe at tip yellow ; ab¬
domen wholly black-brown ; wings blackish transparent, with black
nerves, yellow costa and stigma; legs yellow, femora, tibiae at apex,
and final joints of tarsi blackish.

M exico. One male.”

Not. seen.

4. D. (Hylotoma) elegans, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 247, S4, 'J, 9- — Brazil.

5. D. ( Hylotoma) hirticornis. Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 247, 86, 9- — Brazil.

(i. D. (Hylotoma) lugubris, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1S34, 247, 85, 9- — Brazil.

7. D. (Hylotoma) Martini, Lepel., Monogr. 1823, 48, 139, %. Klug, Jahrbucher,
246, 80.— Brazil.

Didymia Martini, Brulle, Hym. iv, 669, PI. 47, fig. 8, ^ . — Brazil.

-AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

61

8. D. (Hylotomai melanictera, King, Bi?rl. Mag. vi, 181(5, 309, 41 ; Jalirbucher,

245, 78.— Para.

9. D. (Hylotoma) trigemina, King, Berl. Mag. vi, 1816, 307, 39; Jahrb. 246, 81. —

Brazil.

Wings with one marginal and four submarginal cells.

1. Second and third submarginals each with a recurrent nervure.

Posterior tibire without side spur.

23. FTILIA, Lepel.

Ptilia, Lepel., Monogr. 1823, 49, k.

Westwood, Mod. Class., App. 52.

Hylotoma, **, Klug, Jahrbuch.

Hylotoma, A, Stephens.

Wings with one marginal, appencliculate, and four submarginal cells,
of which the second and third each receive a recurrent nervure; the
third produced and wider on its upper edge.

Antennae 3-articulate, of females pilose, somewhat filiform, of males
furcate.

Tibiae all simple.

Lepel., in his original diagnosis, gives but three submarginal cells.
Brulle in his synopsis confounds this with Sericocera.

1. P. biramosa.

Hylotoma biramosa, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1823, 242, 64, 'J, .

‘•Antennae furcate, black ; thorax before and on each side white; abdomen
luteous, with the sides black at base. Larger than H. f areata.”

“ b . Head black, with white hairs; antennae bifurcate, the branches
ciliate; corselet white, black in the middle, with white hairs; scutel
and tegulae black; legs brownish, thickly hairy; wings dusky, at the
base clear, transparent; nervures and stigma black; two recurrent
nervures touch the second submarginal cell, the second in the middle,
and the first at the junction of the first and second cells; abdomen
reddish-yellow, toward the base whitish; the second and third seg¬
ments black at the sides-’’

“ Mexico. One male.”

A female from Mexico agrees with this description. The antennae
are like Hylotoma, compressed, ciliate within. Anterior angle white.
Legs black, with the femora and tibiae whitish before, pilose, all the
spurs stout, rather obtuse; wings evenly violaceous, their basal fourth
perfectly cl&r; the appendiculate cell is rather large; the first and se¬
cond submarginals are of equal size, the second receiving both the re¬
current nervures; the third much retracted below, about one-third as
wide as above; lanceolate cell widely contracted, apparently petiolate ;
under wings not appendiculate, with two middle cells, the lower very

62

EDWARD NORTON.

small ; lanceolate cell very small, with an interrupted cross-nervure in
brachial cell above it. Length 0.36. Br. wings 0.96 inch.

2. Ptilia filiformis, n. sp.

Black; the anterior angle rufous, most of the legs white; antennae long, fili¬
form, ciliate ; wings sub-hyaline. 9* Length 0.23. Br. wings 0.72 inch, b-
Length 0.24. Br. wings 0.54 inch.

9 . Shining black ; antennae as long as to base of abdomen, very
slender, curled, gradually decreasing to tip, thickly ciliate; labrurn
hairy, palpi black, second joint white; head and thorax polished; an
orange-colored spot on shoulders covering tegulae, anterior angle and
behind; legs black, the tips of coxae, trochanters, four anterior femora
at apex and tibiae, except at tip, all of posterior femora and their tibiae,
except at tip, white; all the tarsi blackish; spurs rather obtuse, claws
simple ; wings violaceous, subhyaline, nerves, stigma and costa black ;
appendiculate cell very small; the first and second submarginals of
equal length, third about two-thirds as wide below as above; the first
recurrent nervure received in middle of second submarginal, and the
second at junction of second and third; lanceolate cell widely contracted;
under wings two middle cells; their lanceolate cell very small, with an
imperfect cross-line above.

% . The male has the third joint of antennae bifurcate, very slender,
ciliate, curled ; the spot on anterior angle extends over one-half of
pleura; abdomen slender.

Cordova, T. C. Mexico, (Coll, of H. deSaussure.)

The difference in the form of the antennae is very marked, as well
as the position of the recurrent nervures.

3. P. brasiliensis, Lepel., Monogr. 1823, 50, 143, 9- — Brazil.

4. P. (Hylotoma) ephippiata, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 242, 63, % . — Surinam.

5. P. (Hylotoma) gonagra, Klug., Jahrbuch., 1834, 241, 61, 9-— South Brazil.

6. P. (Hylotoma) ovalis, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 241, 62, 9- — Montevideo.

7. P. pubicornis.

Hylotoma pubicornis, Fab., Syst. Piez. 21, 5, 9 9 •

Ptilia! pubicornis, Lepel., Monogr. 50, 144. — South America.

8. P. (Hylotoma) plumicornis, Klug, Jahrbuch. 1834, 241, 60, 9- — Brazil.

Posterior tibiae with aside spur.

24. HYLOTOMA.

Hylotoma, Latr., Nouv. diet. d’Hist. Nat. Fabr., Div. 2**, Pal. de Beauv, Leach,
Jjepel.t, Klug'*, Ilartig, Stephens, Ac.

Arge, Scliank.

Cryptus, Jurine, Hym. 1 807, 49.

Tcnthredo , Linn., Schank, Ames. Ac.

Wings with one marginal, appendiculate, and four submarginal cells,

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

63

somewhat equal, first shortest; second and third cells receiving a re¬
current nervure ; lanceolate cell contracted; under wings appendicu-
late, with two middle cells; stigma of upper wings large, distinct,
semi-ovate within; submarginal bullae, six, viz. : one near bottom of
first transverse vein, one on submarginal vein just beyond the first re¬
current nervure, sometimes but rarely actually at the point of recep¬
tion, and two on each of the second and third transverse veins. In the
dark-winged species a paler line connects these bullm.

Antenna 2 3-articulate ; third article long, (composed of numerous
soldered articles,) filiform and ciliate in males, shorter and rather cla-
vate in males and nearly glabrous.

Head transverse, with a tubercle between antennae; labrum trans¬
verse ; mandibles without distinct teeth ; (emarginate, Lepel. ; biden-
tate, Stephens); joints of maxillary palpi lengthening regularly from
base to apex.

Body rather short and stout, scutel large, sometimes prominent be¬
hind. produced to an obtuse angle, the post-scutel forming a lunate ele¬
vated ridge, the ceuchri on each side white, lengthened, oval.

Legs simple, anterior tibial spurs not bifid, the four posterior tibiae
each with a spine on inner side below the middle; spurs rather sharp
and covered with sparse coarse hairs ; tarsi with small processes be¬
neath ; claws simple.

Larva 20-footed, (six pectoral, twelve pectoral, the last pair very
small, and two caudal,) the base of the claws of the thoracic (pectoral)
feet with a fleshy tubercle. (Hartig, pi. fig. 12 — 15.) The larvae of
H. rosse , of Europe, are often seen with the extremity" of the body ele¬
vated or curved into the form of the letter S. (Westwood Int. II, 99).
The pupa is placed in a gauzy, double-enveloping cocoon.

The egg is greenish, oval, and is deposited under the surface of the
leaf or in the ribs or tender stems.

They do not seem to appear in such numbers as to be injurious to
vegetation, although not uncommon. Several species feeding upon the
rose and sallow, have been described and figured by Hartig, Dahlbom,
King. HeGeer, &c.

64

EDWARD NORTON.

Table to assist in finding the North American species.

A. Color wholly black or blue blue-black . 1, McLeayi.

B. Head black . 2, cceruleus.

a. Thorax black.

1. Abdomen partly black . 3. analis.

4. virescens.

5, clavicornis.

2. Abdomen red or yellow . 6, abdominalis.

b. Thorax partly black.

1. Abdomen black . L scapularis.

8, dorsalis.

2. Abdomen partly black . . 9, humeralis.

10, procera.

1 1, poecila.

12, fascialis.

13, semifuscus.

3. Abdomen red . 14, pectoralis.

15, dulciaria.

16, miniata.

C. Head rufous.

a. Thorax black.

1. Abdomen partly black . 17, lepida.

2. Abdomen red or yellow . 18, coccinea.

19, rubra.

b. Thorax rufous.

1. Abdomen red or yellow . 20, rubiginosa.

1. H. McLeayi.

Hylotoma McLeayi, Leach. Zool. Mise. Ill, 1817, 122, .3, 9 •

Lepel., Monogr. 46, 129.

Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Ill, 5, 2.

9 . Antennae black, at base and tip piceous; head, thorax and ab¬
domen subteneous or blue-black ; mandibles and palpi piceous ; coxae,
femora and tips of posterior tibite black ; knees, tibiae and tarsi yellow¬
ish fuscous, apical tarsi blackish ; wings smoky hyaline, stigma black¬
ish, costa yellowish, a round fuscous spot beneath stigma.

Var. 9 . The fuscous spot below stigma prolonged, curving across
the wing. Illinois, (B. D. Walsh).

S . The male has the tips of tibiae almost wholly pale. The fuscous
spot below the stigma slightly flattened before. Insect smooth, shin¬
ing, on the head and sides a fine whitish pile.

Georgia, (Leach) ; New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Virgi¬
nia, Illinois, English River, Hudson’s Bay Territory, (Smithsonian In¬
stitute).

Leach calls the wings “ sub-fuscous, at apex hyaline,” but the wings
of most of those examined are clear hyaline, a little smoky, the apex
not more clear than the middle. The second recurrent nervure touches

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

65

the third submarginal cell near the middle in the females. In one
male (Mass.) it is received near the third cross-nervure, and with an¬
other (Ill.) at the junction of the second and third cells. In all, the
spot below the stigma is nearly round, extending nearly or quite across
the second submarginal cell. The next species agrees with Leach bet¬
ter than this in the wings, but as this has come to be considered H.
McLo.ayi , and is very common, while the other is rare, it seems better
not to change the name, at least until more specimens of that are seen.

2. H. coeruleus.

Hylotoma. coeruleus, Norton, Proc, Ent. Soc. Phil. Ill, 1S64, 5, 3, $?•

Blue-black, with violaceous wings, jailer at tip. Length 0.32. Br. wings 0.70
inch.

9. Color violaceous, shining; antennae short, stout, black; palpi
white, legs the color of body, their knees and anterior tibiae dark pice-
ous ; wings smoky violaceous, clearer at tips ; the whole of marginal
cell fuscous ; a round, darker spot below the stigma, covering most of
first and second submarginal cells; nervures black; lower middle cell
of under wings not more than half as long or large as the upper.

Pennsylvania, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) One female.

3. H. analis.

Hylotoma analis, Leach, Zool. mise. Ill, 1817, 123, 5, £ .

Lepel., Mon. Tenth. 47, 134.

“ % . Antennae black, head and thorax blue-black; abdomen ful¬
vous yellow, at the apex dark; legs black; wings sub-fuscous, at apex
sub-hyaline.

Var. With the wings somewhat luteous.

Georgia. Length 4 lines. Br. wings 7 lines. ”

Not seen.

4. H. virescens.

Hylotoma virescens, Klug., Berl. Mag. vi, 1816, 296, 15, % ; Jalirb., 231, 17.

“Aeneous black; abdomen yellow, at apex aeneous; wings with a fuscous
spot. Length 3J lines. Br. wings 7 lines.

Wings of a yellowish color, the fuscous spot not fasciate; thorax
wholly black, with a metallic reflection, faint through whitish hair; man
dibles at the point brown ; antennae black ; abdomen reddish-yellow,
the three last segments black; femora and coxae of the same color; ti¬
biae white, with brownish spines; the two first joints of tarsi are white,
the two next brownish and the claws black ; wings wholly shining hy¬
aline; nerves brown, and a light brown spot extending beyond the
second submarginal cell.”

Georgia.

Not seen.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

(9)

June, 1867.

G6

EDWARD NORTON.

5. H. clavicornis.

Tenthredo clavicornis, Fab., Ent. Syst. II, 1793, 108, 14.

Hylotoma clavicornis, Fab., Syst. Piez. 24, 12.

Lepel., Mon. Tenth. 45, 125.

Head, thorax and base of legs blue-black; antennae, abdomen, except tip, and
legs yellowish; wings hyaline, with a spot below stigma. Length 0.36. Br.
wings 0.74 inch.

9 . Antennae yellowish, their first, second and base of third joint
blackish; head and thorax blue-black, polished, with fine, sparse hair;
labrura and mandibles ferruginous; palpi paler ; abdomen yellowish,
with the anal segments beneath black; legs above the knees blue-black;
apical third of anterior femora before, tips of the four posterior femora
and all the tibiae and tarsi yellowish ; apical tarsi fuscous. Wings hy¬
aline, basal half slightly smoky ; a fuscous semi-cylindrical spot below
the stigma, (the flattened side toward the apex) ; second recurrent ner-
vure received near the base of third submarginal cell.

Far. a. Abdomen entirely of one color. (White Mountains).

Var. b. Tergum in middle of segments and at base steel-blue; about
the sutures ferruginous. (White Mountains).

For. c. Head and thorax greenish-black. Tergum with blackish
bands in middle. Legs wholly yellowish. ( S 9 Albany, N. Y.)

New England. English River, (Smithsonian Institute). New York,
(Dr. Peck).

Only one, of many specimens examined, has the apical segments
black above. Some have fuscous or black irregular spots on different
parts of the abdomen.

6. H. abdominalis.

Hylotoma abdominalis, Leach, Zool. Misc. Ill, 1817, 123, 9 •

Lepel., Mon. Tenth. 45, 124, 9*

Length 4 — 6 lines. Br. wings 8 — 10 lines.

“9 - Antennae black ; head and thorax blue-black; abdomen deep
yellow; legs blue-black; tibiae black; wings fuscous.”

Georgia.

A male from Maine (Cambr. Mus.) resembles this. Wings tinged
with violaceous ; abdomen reddish-yellow. One of the wings is per¬
fect; in the other the third submarginal cell has a supplementary cross-
line, making five cells. The discoidal cell beneath it has also another
cross-uervure, making four discoidal cells.

A single female from Connecticut differs only in having the apical
half of wings hyaline, basal half fuscous, (not yellowish,) and a cylin¬
drical darker spot beneath the stigma as in II. McLeayi. The anten-
ntc are short as in that; the face covered with rather long whitish hair;

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

67

the second recurrent wing-nerve received upon the second subruarginal
cross-uervure. King thinks this identical with his II. miniata.

b. Thorax partly black.

1. Abdomen black.

7. H. scapularis.

Hylotoma scapularis, Klug, Berl. Mag. vi, 1814, 268, 19, 'J, .

Jahrbucher, 231, 23.

Hylotoma calcanea, Say, Bost. Jour. 1, 211, 2.

Violaceous black; thorax reddish-yellow; wings violaceous. Length 0.45.
Br. wings 0.94 inch.

9 . Antennae black, extending as far as back of scutel, quite clavate,
deeply channeled before, punctured and covered with short, reddish
hair, the two basal articles enlarged and cup-shaped at apex, the first
compressed in the middle. Head, breast, metathorax, abdomen and
legs shining blue-black, (legs blackish,) and with rather sparse patches
of whitish hair on thorax. The prothorax, mesothorax, scutel, (except
its black posterior angle,) anterior angle, and a large spot on pleura,
reddish or honey-yellow; the first three joints of the tarsi whitish,
their tips black, (sometimes almost wholly black,) side spurs white,
sometimes difficult to see, apical spurs short, sharp. Wings ample,
blackish sub-fuscous, least obscure at apex, an indistinct darker spot
below stigma; second recurrent nervure alike in both sexes, received
half way between dividing nervure and middle of third submarginal
cell ; stigma and costa yellowish, nervures dark.

% . The male has the antennae longer and more slender, ciliae be¬
neath tawny. Scutel all yellowish ; anterior tibiae and all the tarsi
whitish ; wings not so dark, generally no spot below stigma.

Far. a. £ . Thorax entirely blue-black, except the anterior angle;
legs whitish before, below knees; a spot below stigma.

For. b. % . Sides of metathorax and the pleura black, apical half
of wings clear. (English River and Lake Saskatchewan). Penna.

New Hampshire, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Maryland. Hudson’s
Bay Territory, English River, Lake Saskatchewan, (Smithsonian In¬
stitute).

Specimens from Mt. Washington, N. H. have the wings darker vio¬
laceous and the scutel mostly black. The rufous spot on the pleura is
sometimes indistinct.

8. H. dorsalis.

Hylotoma dorsalis, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 236, 44, 9 •

“ Black, with the back of thorax red ; breast and sides black ; wings
blackish, with black nervures and stigma.”

Mexico. Probably the same as above.

G8

EDWARD NORTON.

2. Abdomen partly black.

9. H. humeralis.

Hylotoma humeralis, P. deBeauv., Ins. Afr. efc Am. 1797, 99, p. ix, Hymen,

fig. 6, % .

Lepel., Mon. Tenth. 47, 133.

Hylotoma sanguinea, King, Berl. Mag. vi, 299, 22; Jahrbuch., 231, 20, 9 •

Hylotoma scutellata, Say, Bost. Jour. I, 211, 1, 9*

Color blue-black; scutel, pleura and abdomen, except at apex, coccineous ;
wings violaceous. Length 0.45. Br. wings 0.94 inch.

9 £ . Antennae in both sexes as long as thorax, piceous, palest to¬
ward tip; second article as long as first, both slightly obliquely trun¬
cate above; head, thorax, apex of abdomen and legs shining blue-black ;
scutel, anterior angle, pleura and abdomen bright red, sometimes yel¬
low-red; third joint of palpi swelled; side spines of tibiae black; api¬
cal spines rather long; inner spine of anterior tibiae blunt. Wings
violaceous sub-opaque, usually darkest toward base ; a large dark spot
covering all of the marginal and the upper half of submarginal cells;
under wing less obscure.

Var. a. Scutel blue. New York ; Virginia.

Var. b. Scutel blue. Tergum mostly blue. Illinois, (Walsh).

New England, New York, Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, Kan¬
sas. Georgia, (Klug).

10. H. procera.

Hylotoma procera, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 235, 38, 9 •

“Red, with the thorax before and legs blue-black; abdomen testaceous, anal
segment blue-black. Length 6 lines.

£. Antennae black, almost as long as thorax; head shining blue-
black ; the back of thorax yellow-red, bordered with blue; wing-scales
and legs deep blue; wings dusky brownish, transparent, with black
nerves and stigma; abdomen reddish-yellow, the last ventral segment
shining blue; body slender.”

Mexico. Not seen.

11. H. pcecila.

Hylotoma poscila, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 239, 54, % .

“Testaceous; the head, spots on thorax, apex of abdomen, tibire and tarsi
black; wings fuscous, in the middle hyaline.” Length 0.28 — 0.32. Br. wings
0.60 — 0.68 inch.

“ £ . Head and antennae black, palpi yellow. On each side of scutel
is a black spot ; the four last segments of abdomen as well as the tarsi
and hinder tibiae are black ; wings transparent in the middle, with
yellow nerves; their base and tips blackish, with black nerves, (that
is, they are blackish, with a clear baud across the middle) ; costa to¬
ward the end and stigma yellow.”

Mexico.

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTER A.

69

The antennae are long, as long as to third segment of abdomen, se¬
taceous, densely ciliate; second joint yellow ; nasus and labrum emargi-
nate, with a sharp ridge from edge of nasus to venter, dividing between
antennae, and enclosing lower ocellus in a long, deep basin; third joint
of palpi short, globose, fourth enlarged at apex, the two black vittre
are on the side lobes of mesothorax ; the spurs are pale, long and sharp,
the inner spur of anterior tibiae twice as long as the other, and sharp.
Intermediate tibiae and all the tarsi black. The wings are obscure
black, with a yellowish hyaline band across their middle, edges dis¬
tinctly marked; first submarginal cell short, and wider than long; se¬
cond recurrent nervure received at or near intersection of second and
third submarginal cell. The female resembles the male.

Cordova, Tampico, Mexico, T. C", Huastec, t. f. Mexico, (II. deSaus-
sure.) (12 % , 2 $ .)

This and the two following species and probably that preceding, are
much more slender than the northern species.

12. Hylotoma fascialis, n. sp.

Testaceous, with most part of the head, two vittse on thorax, and three apical
segments of abdomen black; wings black, with a broad yellowish fascia in
middle. Length 0.26. Br. wings 0.60 inch.

9. Testaceous; antennae as long as thorax, compressed, widest at
base, curved, setaceous, ciliate, the two basal joints pale. Head black,
the whole face around and beneath antennae whitish ; nasus and labrum
emarginate; a sharp ridge from edge of nasus dividing between anten¬
nae, and forming a deep basin, enclosing lower ocellus; two vittae on
the side lobes of metathorax and the three apical segments of abdomen
black. Legs testaceous; apical two-thirds of hinder tibiae piceous ;
apical joints of all the tarsi blackish ; spurs pale, all long and sharp;
inner anterior tibial spur nearly as long as first tarsal joint. Wings
with a broad, yellow hyaline band across the middle of both pair ;
their basal fifth and about one-quarter of their apex blackish (includ¬
ing tip of stigma and all of third and fourth submarginal cells).

Mexico. One % . (II. deSaussure).

The abdomen is not very stout.

13. Hylotoma semifuscus.

Testaceous, with the head, three vittre on thorax, most of tergum, and a spot
on breast black; the wings yellow hyaline, their apical half black. Length
0.26. Br. wings 0.60 inch.

% . Testaceous; antennae as long as thorax, slender, sickle-shaped,
ciliate; their two basal articles pale; nasus emarginate and ridged as
in H. procera, the deep basin enclosing ocellus divided into two by a

70

EDWARD NORTON.

cross ridge below. Head black ; about and beneath antennae pale ; a
vitta on each lobe of mesothorax, the four apical segments of abdomen,
obsolete spots on all the tergum, and a spot on the breast black. Legs
yellow-white; coxae at base, femora, except at tip, apical two-thirds of
the tibiae, and the four apical joints of tarsi black. Wings yellow hya¬
line ; their apex from the middle of stigma across the wing, black ; se¬
cond recurrent nervure received near the second submarginal cross-
nervure,

Mexico. One % , (Coll, of H. deSaussure).

Closely resembles II. le.pida , Ivlug.

3. Abdomen rufous.

14. H. pectoralis.

Hylotoma pectoralis, Leach, Zool. Misc. Ill, 1817, 124, 10, 9-
Lepel, Mon. Tenth. 47, 132, 9-

“ Antennae black ; head, breast and legs blue-black; thorax cocci-
neo-luteus; abdomen luteus; wings luteus-hyaliue. Length 4 lines.
Br. wings 10 lines.”

North America. Not seen.

15. H. dulciaria.

Hylotoma dulciaria, Say, Long’s Second Exp. II, 1824, 314, 9 •

“Pale rufous; head, wings and feet violaceous black.” Length 0.34 — 0.48. Br.
wings 0.74 — 1.04 inch.

9. Antennae black, with a violaceous tinge; nasus emarginate,
short ; head, a spot on pectus and ovipositor sheaths blue-black, re¬
mainder of body testaceous or yellowish-red; legs steel-blue, spines
same color, inner spines rather blunt. Wings violaceous, sub-hyaline,
less obscure at apex, a large darker spot below stigma covering margi¬
nal and the upper half of all the submarginal cells. Under wings with
but one middle cell.

Maine, N. Hampshire, Connecticut, New York. N. W. Ter., (Say.)
Illinois; English lliver, (Smithsonian Institute).

This is probably the same with II. pectoralis, Leach, from which it
differs only in the color of the wings and the black ovipositor sheaths,
which Say calls the “tail black.”

16. H. miniata.

Hylotoma miniata , Klug. Berk Mag. vi, 1814, 298, 22, ^ ; Jahrbuch., 231, 22.

Hylotoma scutellata, Lepel., Mon. Tenth. 47, 135. (Patria ignota.)

“Coccineus ; head, three spots on the thorax and the legs black. Length 34
lines. Br. wings 7 lines.

% . The color of the body is a Vermillion or cinnabar red. The head
and antennae are black; mandibles brown, with black teeth; a black
spot on the thorax, extending over the middle and side lobes; a larger

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

71

black spot on the breast. Abdomen entirely red ; feet black ; wings
blackish ; upper pair at the end pale and transparent, the nerves and
stigma black. It conforms in size with II. cserulascens (of Europe).”
North America. Not seen.

The II. scutellata of Lepel. is thought by Klug to be identical with
this. It seems to approach closely to II. humeralis.

C. Head, rufous.

a. Thorax partly black.

1. Abdomen partly black.

17. H. lepida.

Hylotoma lepida , Klug, Jahrbuch., 1S34, 239, 53, ^ .

Testaceous ; spots on the thorax, apex of abdomen and the tarsi black; wings
yellow hyaline, at apex fuscous.

% . Antenum black; the two basal joints and the head pale yellow;
a long, black spot on each side of the scutel ; the middle of the breast,
the four last segments of the abdomen, the spines on tibiae and the
tarsi black ; wings as far as the middle pale yellow with yellow nerves ;
toward the tip blackish, with black nerves; stigma in the middle
black.

Mexico. One male.

This only differs from No. 13, II. semifuscus, in the color of the
head and the number of vittae on the thorax.

2. Abdomen rufous.

18. H. coccinea.

Hylotoma coccinea, Fab., Svst. Piez. 1S07, 24, 11.

“Coccineus, with the antennae exartieulate ; antennae and legs black; wings
cyaneus.

Form and size of II. enodis , (of Europe). Antennae thickened with¬
out, black. Head coccineus. Thorax coccineus, with the back black.
Abdomen coccineus, immaculate. Wing obscure cyaneus, at the apex
hyaline. Legs black.”

Carolina. Not seen.

19. H. rubra.

Hylotoma rubra, Klug, Berl. Mag. vi, 1814. 299, 21, 9; Jahrbucher,
231, 21.

“ 9 . Coccineus; a dorsal thoracic spot, the antennae and feet black. Length
4J lines. Br. 9 lines.

The ground color of the body is cinnabar red; mandibles yellow-red,
with black teeth ; on the thorax a black spot covers most of the middle
lobe and summits of the two side lobes ; tegulte black ; the breast is
without spots, the abdomen wholly red, the legs black, the wings brown
running into blackish, with darker nerves and stigma.”

New York. One female. Not seen.

EDWARD NORTON.

As Klug remarks, this coincides with Ili/l. coc'cinea, except that the
wings of this are not “obscure cyaneus, at the apex hyaline.”

(i. Thorax and abdomen rufous or yellow.

20. H. rubiginosa.

Tenthrcdo rubiginosa, P. do Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Am. 1805, 98, Tl. ix, fig. v.
Hylotoma rubiginosa,, King. Berl. Mag. vi, 300, 27.

Lepel. Mon. Tenth. 47, 131, ?.

Hylotoma crytlirosoma, Leach, Zool. Misc. Ill, 124, 8, 9 •

“9. The antennae and four hinder legs blue-black ; head, thorax,
abdomen and two anterior legs reddish ; wings black fuscous.”

North America, (Beauv). Georgia, (Leach).

Antennae violaceous black, reaching as lar as scutcl, truncate, finely
punctured, second article one-fourth as long as first, smooth and shin¬
ing; body smooth and shining; nasus white, not deeply emarginate,
labrum and tips of mandibles black; head and whole body coccineus,
scutel prominent, almost transparent red; legs blue-black, anterior pair
tinged with rufous about the knees and tarsi, spines rather short, inner
anterior one blunt. Wings brownish violaceous, almost hyaline at tip,
very dark at base, a large fuscous spot covering marginal and upper
half of submarginal cells; hinder wings marked in the same way;
nerves, stigma, costa and scale almost blue-black.

New York. One 9 • (Coll. Mr. Calverley).

The 11. eri/throsoma of Leach has all the legs black.

South American species.

21. H. americana. Fab., Syst. Ticz. 1804, 24, 14.

Lepel., Mon. Tenth. 49, 142?

Tenthrcdo americana, Fab., Ent. Syst. II, 109, 1C.

Linn., Syst., Nat. II, 921, 9.

DeGeer. Ins. Ill, 599, 2, Tab. 30, fig. 21!

Hylotoma xanthothorax , Leach, Zool. Misc. Ill, 124, 9 ! — Surinam.

22. H. basalis. King, Jahrbueh., 1S34, 237, 48, 9 • — Surinam.

23. H. carbonaria. King, Jahrbueh., 1834, 240, 58, 9 > — Surinam.

24. H. collaris, King, Jahrbueh., 1S34, 236, 42,9- — Brazil.

25. H. fulcrata, Klug, tfahrbuch., 1834, 240, 57, . — Brazil.

26. H. geniculata, Klug, Jahrbueh., 1834, 237, 45. 9 %• — Brazil.

27. H. helvola, Klug, Jahrbueh., 1834, 238, 50, 9- — Brazil.

28. H. infuscata, Klug, Jahrbueh., 1834, 236, 42, % . — Brazil.

29. H. lurida, Klug, Jahrbueh., 1834, 238, 49, 9’ — Surinam.

30. H. maculipes, Klug, Jahrbueh., 1834, 238, 52, 9- — Brazil.

AMERICAN HYMEN OTTER A.

73

31. H. melanaria, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 249, 59, % . — Brazil.

32. H. melanopyga, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 237, 30, 9 • — Brazil.

33. H. notata. Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 237, 47, 9- — Brazil.

34. H. rubricollis, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 236, 40, 9 % • — Brazil.

35. H. stigmaticollis, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 236, 41, % . — St. Pauls, Brazil.

36. H. terminalis, Klug, Berl. Mag. vi, 1814, 297, 17; Jahrbuch. 230, 39. — Brazil.

37. H. testacea, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 238, 51, 9 • — Brazil.

38. H. ventralis, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 210, 50, 9 % ■ — Brazil.

39. H. xnnthospila, Klug, Jahrbuch., 1834, 239, 55, 9 • — Brazil.

2. Second subrnarginal cell with two recurrent nervures.

25. PACHYLOTA, Westwood.

Pachylota, Westw., Arcana. Ent. I, 1845, 24.

Wings with one marginal, appendiculate, and four submarginal cells,
the second long and receiving two recurrent nervures ; lanceolate cell
closed; under wings not appendiculate, with two inner cells.

Antennae a little compressed, angulate, third article arcuate at the
base; maxillary palpi 4-jointed.

Legs thick, compressed; tarsi all dilated and short, except the first
joint, and furnished with little processes beneath; tibiae without apical
spurs.

1. P. Audouinii.

Pachylota Audouinii, Westwood, Arc. Ent. I, 1845, 24, PI. 7, fig. 3. — Africa.

Brulle, Hym. iv, 007, PI. 47, 6, 9 • — South America.

Sub-family 3, TENTH R E 1)1 N1DES, Lepel.

Antennse from 9 — 15 articulate, generally setaceous, sometimes sub-moni-
liform or even enlarged toward the end; labrum apparent; saws of
ovipositor with parallel sides.

F. Wings with one marginal cell.

Three submarginal cells.

The first and second submarginals each receiving a recurrent nervure.
26. CLADIUS, Ill.

Cladius, Illiger, Nam. der Ins. Mag. des Ins., 1801. Klug., Latr., Leach.
Hylotoma, Fab., Fam. 1.

Pteroma, Jurine, Nouv. Meth. Hym. 1807. Fam. 1.

Lophyrus, Latr., Gen. Ins. Paris, 1810.

Tenthredo, Panz., Fourc. Geoffr.

Wings with one marginal and three submarginal cells ; the first and
second each with a recurrent nervure ; the first submarginal with an

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. (10) JUNE, 1867.

74

EDWARD NORTON.

incomplete cross-line near the base; lanceolate cell contracted. Under
wings two middle cells. Submarginal bullae three, one quite long on
submarginal vein at reception of first recurrent nervure, one at base
of second, and a large one in middle of second transverse vein. ' The
position of another, usually the first transverse vein, is indicated by a
clear cross line.

Antennse nine-articulate, setaceous, the two basal articles short and
straight; the rest obliquely inserted and generally pectinate in males,
on one side of several articles; in the females, simple, with both some¬
what pilose.

Head transverse ; mandibles with one inner tooth in the middle,
below which are many little irregular teeth; maxillary palpi with the
fourth joint short, inner maxillary lobe sharp.

Body short and stout.

Legs simple, with two tibial apical spurs; the inner one shortest on
anterior pair; the tarsal claws have an inner tooth.

Larva s twenty-footed, the fourth and eleventh segments without
feet. The transformations of various European species have been
noted. Curtis states that the larvae of Cladius difformis remain on the
under side of the leaves of the China rose, eating small holes through
the leaves, and that they do not use the anal feet in walking. Dahl-
bom noted it on Salix viminalis. Hartig has noted the habits of se¬
veral species, ( Cladius eucera, on the Populus balsamifera and C. al-
bipes on the cherry, &c.) He states that they form a double cocoon
in the earth.

Section 1 — Cladius, Hartig.

Antennae of males with the lower half pectinate without ; the inner
lobe of maxillae sharp, not membranous.

1. C. isomera.

Cladius isomera, Harris Cat. Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861. 223, 9 •

Shining black, with whitish tibise and feet. Length 0.24. Br. wings 0.50 in.

% . Antennae black, pilose, with outer branches on the third, fourth,
fifth and sixth articles, (very short on the sixth), a blunt process on
the third within, and the apex of the other joints acute within ; head
polished; a sinus behind each of the two upper ocelli, and a basin
enclosing the lower ocellus; a ridge is produced between the antennae;
body black, with outer half of palpi, the tips of knees, tibiae and
tarsi white; remainder of legs black ; apical joints of tarsi and claws
blackish; anterior tibial spurs sharp; claws with an inner tooth.

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

75

Wings violaceous hyaline, sometimes yellowish ; stigma large, black ;
costa pale.

9 - The female has the third and fourth articles of antennae en¬
larged at apex ; basal articles tipped with coarse hairs resembling
minute spines within.

Var. 9 . Wings hyaline, at base smoky.

Var. 9 ■ Basal two-thirds of all the wings black, sub-obscure; their
apex hyaline. Norway, Me., (Camb. Mus.)

Mass., Ct., N. Y., Ill.

A number of specimens taken June 29th, at Farmington, Conn.,
on the leaves of the Clematis virgiuiana.

Section 2 — ( Trichiocampus ), Hartig.

Antennae of the males not branched, the third article dilated at
base within, as in Section 1.

Europe.

Section 3 — ( Priophorus ), Latr.

The third article of antennae of males, simple, without process
within ; the iuner lobe of maxillae blunt.

Europe.

First submarginal wing cell with two recurrent nervures.

27. PRISTIPHORA, Latr.

Prisiiphora, Latr. Nouv. Diet., 1816-19.

Lepel, Mon. Tenth, 59-f.

Westw. Ent. Ins. App.

Pteronus , Jurine, Fain. 3.

Wings — One marginal and three submarginal cells, the first sub¬
marginal large, and receiving two recurrent nesvures, second small
and quadrate ; lanceolate cell petiolate ; under wings with two middle
cells.

Antennse, nine articulate; the third, fourth and fifth of nearly equal
length, simple, pubescent in the males, shorter and glabrous in the
females. Mandibles slightly dentate. Remainder as in Nematus.
Stephens remarks that this genus seems to occupy an intermediate
space between Cladius and Nematus , nearly agreeing in the neuration
of the wings with the former and in the form of the antennae with the
latter. In certain species of Nematus , the dividing nervure between
the first and second submarginal cells is quite indistinct, and can only
be seen by holding them up to the light. Mr. Walsh remarks that in

76

EDWARD NORTON.

five out of forty-nine females of li is P. grossularise traces of a first
submarginal cross vein could be discovered.

1. P. sycophanta.

Pristiphora sycophanta, Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., vi., 1S66, 263, % .
Length, ^ , 0.16 in. Br. wings 0.32 in.

l( % . Black. Head polished, but sparsely and rather coarsely punc¬
tate. Face with a lofty, but obtuse carina extending from between the
antennae to the clypeal suture. Clypeus squarely truncate. Labrum
twice as wide as long. Mouth entirely black. Antennae nearly as long
as the body, black above, brown-black beneath, joints o — 5 sub-equal,
6 — 9 very slowly shorter and shorter. Thorax polished, with fine shal¬
low punctures. Tegulae and cenchri dull yellowish. Abdomen polished,
with fine shallow punctures, sparse towards the base. Legs whitish;
coxae, except their extreme tips, femora, tarsal tips and in the hind legs
the terminal one-eighth of the tibiae and of theentire torsi, all black.
Wings hyaline; veins black, costa and stigma dusky, first submargi¬
nal cross vein obsrlete, the aute-penultial cell receiving both veins in
the normal manner.

Rock Island, Ill.

One % , Inquiline. Bred August 9, from a cocoon found July 27,
inside the Cecidomyidous gall, Salix brassicoides, Walsh, of the same
years growth. The following is probably the same species.

2. Pristipliora tibialis, n. sp.

Shining black, legs white, with black banded femora; wings hyaline.
Length 0.22. Br. wings 0.46 in.

9 Black. Antennae black, about half the length of the body, third
joint a little longer than fourth. Head closely punctured; channels
at sides of ocelli almost obsolete; the ridge between antennae channeled
through the middle; nasus moderately notched; labrum piceous ; teg-
ulte reddish-white. Legs white; basal two-thirds of coxae, a wide baud
on the femora and apical third of posterior tibiae black; tarsi black¬
ish, basal joint white ; tibial spurs all sharp, pilose; claws with a short
inner tooth. Wings hyaline, nervures blackish, stigma full.

% . Antennae longer, slender; nasus hardly incurved, labrum white ;
the white and black on legs very clearly defined.

Ct. Md. (Mr. Uhler.) Pa. (Smith’s Inst.) Va. and Ill. (Am.
Ent. Soc.,) Phil.

The body is short and stout, as in Selandria. It seems most proba¬
ble that this is identical with P. sycophanta , of Mr. Walsh, although
differing in form of anteunae.

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

77

3. Pristiphora relativus, n. sp.

Black, legs whitish, with black banded femora, tarsi white, wings hyaline.
Length, 0.18. Br. wings, 0.38 in.

9 • Color, shining black. Antennae as in P. tibialis. Head cori¬
aceous, without sensible depressions about ocelli; edge of nasus in¬
curved. Tegulae and legs whitish ; coxae and a wide band on femora
black ; tips of posterior tibiae and their tarsi, except basal joint, fus¬
cous. Wings hyaline, stigma and costa luteous, the latter pale at base;
second submarginal cell contracted at junction with third cell.

Great Slave Lake, II. B. T. (R. Ivennicott, Smiths. Inst.)

This is not as stout as the preceding species, but resembles it much.

4. Pristiphora idiota, n. sp.

Black ; mouth and legs yellow-red; tijos of hinder tibiae and their tarsi black;
wings hyaline. Length, 0.20. Br. wings, 0.52 in.

% . Shining black. Antennae long, compressed toward base; labrum
and palpi pale; tegulae reddish; abdomen slender; base of coxae, tips
of hinder femora and tibiae and their tarsi black ; tips of wings hya¬
line, stigma and costa greenish white.

Illinois. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 2 £ .

5. Pristiphora identidem, n. sp.

Black; mouth, tegulse and collar yellow-red; a rufous band on abdomen.
Length 0.22. Br. wings 0.52 in.

9 . Black. Antennae long and slender, somewhat like those of Cla-
dius. Head and thoaax closely punctured, pleura polished ; clypeus not
incurved, labrum truncate ; labrum and palpi white, tegulae and collar
reddish-white ; a yellow-red band on the second, third and part of
fourth segments of tergum, and all of venter, except apex. Legs
mostly yellow-red ; about the trochanters and all the tibiae whitish ;
tips of the four anterior tibiae, apex of posterior femora above, apical
third of their tibiae and the tarsi black. Wings hyaline ; stigma pi-
ceous; costa greenish.

Illinois. (Coll. Am Ent. Soc.) Maine. (A. S. Packard, Jr.) 3 9 •
It is very likely that this is the 9 of P. idiota.

6. P- grossulariae.

Pristiphora grossulariae, Walsh, Pract. Ent. I, 1866, 123, 9 h •

Length, 90-17 — 21. % 17— 18 in. Br. wings, 9 0-41 — 15. 35 — 38 in.

9 . “Shining black, with hue, rather sparse punctures. Head with
the entire mouth, except the anterior edge of the labrum and the tip of
the mandibles dull luteous. Labrum transverse and very pilose. Cly-

78

EDWARD NORTON.

peus short, squarely truncate, immaculate. Antennas, two-thirds as long
as the body, third joint three and a half times as long as wide, joint
four fully one-quarter shorter than three, brown-black above, dull lu-
teous beneath, except joints one and two, which are black, tipped below
with luteous. Thorax with the wing scales honey-yellow, and the
cenchri whitish. Abdomen , basal membrane whitish; ovipositor honey-
yellow, its sheath black. Legs honey-yellow, or paler, with the six tar¬
sal tips, and sometimes the extreme tips of hinder tibiae and of the
tarsal joints one-quarter pale dusky. Wings sub-hyaline; veins black ;
costa honey-yellow, stigma dusky, edged all round with honey-yellow,
especially below.

% . “ Differs as follows : — The antennae a little longer, and as usual,
vertically more dilated, joint three being only two and a half times as
long as wide. The coxae, except their tips and the basal half of the
femora are black ; the extreme tip of the hinder tibiae, and all but the
extreme base of the tarsus dusk. Anal forceps honey-yellow.”

Davenport, Iowa. (Walsh.) Me. (Packard.) N. Y. (Calverley.)

49 9 . 4 % . (Walsh.) 2 9 • (Norton.) Mr. Walsh bred these
Sept. 2, twelve from larvae found on the cultivated gooseberry. This
is the Pristipliora atripes of my collection and MSS.

“ Larva — A pale, grass-green worm, about half inch long, without
any black dots on its body, and with a black head; after the last
moult the head becoming principally green, with a lateral brown-black
stripe commencing at the eye spot, and more or less distinctly confluent
with the other one on the top of the head, where it is also more or less
confluent with a large central brown-black spot on the face. When
immature the larva has a darker dorsal line and a lateral yellowish line
above the spiracles, the space below which line is darker than the
back. Head black. Legs brown, except the sutures.”

Mr. Walsh found these larvae in great numbers on the gooseberry
and currant, about the last of June and early in July, and the second
brood in August, from which last he bred the above described imago.
They strip the plants of the leaves, not gathering in numbers on any
particular leaf nor boring round holes through the leaves when young.
The second brood spun their cocoons on the bushes on which they fed,
and came forth August 26th, and during the last week in August.
Doubtless their eggs are laid in the twigs of these same bushes, so that
the larva in coming forth find their appropriate food close at hand.

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

79

4. Second submarginal cell with two recurrent nervures.

23. EUURA. Newman.

Euura, Newman, Ent. Mag., iv., 1837, 258.

Pristiphora, ft, Lepel, Mon. Tenth, 60.

Pristiphora, B, Stephens, Br. Ent. Mand. vii., 26.

Pteronus, Farm. 2, Jurine.

Cryptocampus, I. Hartig. Die Blattwespen.

Wings, one marginal, and three submarginal cells ; the first small,
rounded, second long, receiving two recurrent nervures; lanceolate cell
contracted; under wings with two middle cells.

Antenvee nine-articulate, moderate, joints gradually decreasing in
length and size from the third.

Head nearly as wide as thorax ; mandibles slightly dentate.

From late studies of Mr. Walsh, this is subject to as great varia¬
tions, and is as difficult of indentification at times, as species of the
genus Nematus.

Mr. Walsh having bred many specimens from willow-galls, makes
the following divisions in the genus :

1. GALL-MAKERS.

1. E. orbitalis.

Euura orbitalis, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., I, 1862, 144, 9 b •

Euura genuina, Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., VI, 1866, 250, 9 % •

Black; head and legs pale luteous, a black spot on vertex. Length, 0.12 — 16.
Br. wings, 0.32.

£ 9 • Shining black, polished. Antennae moderate, slightly flat¬
tened. apical joints pale beneath; head pale luteous; a large black or
brownish spot enclosing ocelli, and a dusky spot on summit, nasus deeply
incurved; tegulae and most part of the anterior angle, sides of apical
segments, and in some cases, all the sides of venter, and the legs luteous,
the trochanters paler; basal membrane visible, pale; tips of hinder
tibiae and of their tarsi brownish ; wings hyaline, stigma pale at base.

Var. a. % . A male from Labrador has the whole body beneath
pale.

Var. b. nigra. 9 . A female from Labrador has the whole head,
except the mouth, black; the coxae and femora, except at tip, black;
the trochanters white.

Conn., N. Y., Ill., Labrador.

Mr. Walsh has named a species “genuina,” which differs from the
above in having the flagellum of the male entirely bright rufous be¬
neath. As he does not seem to have seen the above species, I have

80

EDWARD NORTON.

thought best to consider it the same, especially as I have received spe¬
cimens from several quarters, as taken on the willows. Mr. Walsh
found his galls on the Salix humilis. “ The lateral bud of a twig en¬
larged so as to be twice or thrice as long, wide and thick as the nati -
ral bud, before it begins to expand in the spring,” otherwise externally
unchanged. Internally “it contains early in the autumn a homogeneous
grass-green fleshy matter, which is afterwards gradually consumed by
the larva, leaving nothing at last but a mere shell, as thin as paper,
and partly filled with excrement. The gall is monothalamus, some¬
times one only on a twig; sometimes two or three, or more, at irregular
intervals, rarely as many as three or four found out of three or four
consecutive buds. Common, but not local. Described from thirty-
four specimens Length, .17 — 36 inch; breadth, .10 — 17 inch.

Larva. — The larva is twenty-footed, and on Oct. 2, is 13 — 19 inches
long, of a greenish white color, the head tinged with dusky, and with
the usual fuscous eye spots. Mouth dusky. At this date, few galls
were already bored, and the other larvae not long after this bored out
and retired an inch or so under ground, where they spin a thin, whitish
silken cocoon, to which many particles of earth adhere externally.”

This statement is very interesting, as well as all the observations of
Mr. Walsh on this subject, which the length of this paper will not
admit of being reprinted in full.

E. s. ovum.

Euura s. ovum, Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soe., Phil., vi, 1866, 252.

9 . Length, .17 — 12 inch. Br. wings, .36 — 48 inch.

“ 9 . Shining honey-yellow. Head with the eyes, a square spot en¬
closing the ocelli, but separated from the eyes by a pretty wide orbit,
and also the tips of the mandibles, all black. Clypeus emarginate in a
circular arc of about 90°. Labrum rounded at tip. Occiput more or
less clouded with black on the disk. Antennae dull rufous above, with
their basal half black, honey-yellow below, with the scape black, and
more or less of the basal half of the flagellum dusky, three-fifths as
long as the body, joints 3 — 5 subequal, 4 slightly the longest, 5 — 8
very slowly shorter and shorter, 9 full as long as 8. Thorax with an
oblong spot on the anterior lobe of the mesonotum, generally extend¬
ing from the collare two-thirds of the way to the hind angle of the
lobe, rarely covering almost its entire surface, the interior half of each
lateral lobe and sometimes its entire surface, base and tip of the scutel
and rarely its entire surface, anterior disk of the metauotum, and the
edges of the basal plate that border on the basal membrane, or rarely

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

81

the entire surface of the basal plate, all black. Cencbri whitish. A
more or less distinct black cloud on the pectus, and another on the
posterior disk of the pleura, the former occasionally obsolete. Abdo¬
men with that part of the anterior edge of joint one, that borders the
whitish basal membrane, or rarely the basal half of joint one, black.
Ovipositor honey-yellow, its sheaths dusky. Cerci full as long as the
last tarsal joint of the legs, honey-yellow, lightly tipped with dusky.
Legs honey-yellow, the tarsal claws dusky. Wings hyaline; veins
black ; those on the costa, as well as the basal half of the stigma,
whitish or yellowish ; the rest of the stigma dusky. Length 9 .17 —
.22 inch ; front wing 9 -18 — .24 inch.

“ % Differs from the normal 9 only as follows : — 1st. The ground
color is greenish-white, not honey-yellow. 2nd. The black spot en¬
closing the ocelli is larger, and is separated from the eyes only by a
narrow orbit, and occasionally touches them for a small space 3rd.
The occiput, except the orbit, is distinctly black. 4th. In the antenna;
the pale colors are more dominant, and verge more or less on greenish-
white; and the antennae are three-fourtlis (not three-fifths) as long as
the body. 5th. The thorax is black, except the tegulae, the superior
margin of the collare and the cenchri, which are all greenish-white.
6th. The abdomen is black above, greenish-white below, the lateral
plates basal ly black, but terminally clouded with the pale color. iiasal
membrane white. 7th. The legs are greenish-white, sometimes, espe¬
cially the hind legs, more or less honey-yellow. In the hind legs the
base of the coxae, the extreme tips of the femora and the tarsi are
more or less fuscous. 8th. The veins on the costa are scarcely whitish,
and only the extreme base of the stigma is whitish. Lengh % .10 —
.17 inch; front wingS .11— .19 inch.

‘‘Ten $> . five 9 , bred April 10 — 27. Absolutely undistinguishable
by any reliable character from the inquilinous Euura perturbans , n.
sp., u. v. Distinct at once from E. s. gemma and from E. orbitalis ,
Nort., by the abdomen 9 being honey-yellow above and below, and by
the abdomen £ having its lateral plates partly pale, and the venter en¬
tirely pale.”

The gall is found on Salix cordata. An oval or roundish, sessile,
monothalomous swelling, 0.30 — 0.50 inch long, placed lengthwise on
the side of small twigs, green whenever it is smooth, but mostly covered
with shallow longitudinal cracks and irregular rough scales, which are
pale opaque-brown. Particular twigs on badly infested bushes some-

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

(ii)

JUNE, 1S67.

82

EDWARD NORTON.

times have one of these galls on about every half inch of their length,
and not placed in a regular row.

Larva. — August 30. Many 0.10 — .12 inch long, imbedded in the
.slit at the base of the gall, in other galls not hatched. Larva pale yel¬
lowish. with a pale fuscous head and dark eye spots; removed from gall
it uses its legs freely.

October 2. Many larvae still in galls, from others they had bored
out.

April 16 — 27. Fifteen iinagos, all transformed in the gall, the galls
gathered in March.

Mr. Walsh mentions another gall found on S. humilis, which he
names S. ovulum. On this he found larvae, but failed to obtain the
imago. The gall is formed like the last, hut the larvae differ in color.

3. E. s. nodus.

Euura s. nodus, Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, vi, 1866, 253, % .

Length % 0.16 — 0.17 inch. Br. wings 0.31 — .35 inch.

“ % . Differs from E. s. ovum only as follows: 1st. The pale color is
bright honey-yellow, not greenish-white throughout, i. e. both in an¬
tennae, body and legs. 2d. The black spot enclosing the ocelli is larger
and is confluent with the eye for its entire length, leaving no orbit be¬
tween them. 3d. The venter (dried) is honey-yellow on the terminal
third and fourth joints, and in the middle only of one or two more.
Dasal plates black as in E. s. gemma. When recent the venter was
noted as being greenish and the legs as pale fulvous. 4th. The legs
(dried) are honey-yellow immaculate, except the extreme tarsal tips.
5th. The basal half of the stgma is whitish as in E. s. ovum $ .

Two % .

The gall is found on S. longifolia. -A mere gradual enlargement of
the twig, from one-fourth more than its normal diameter up to twice
its normal diameter, almost always without any roughness on the ex¬
ternal bark ; general color that of twig.

August 28. When cut into, the interior of each gall is found to be
pithy, and to contain 1 — 3 larvae in separate cells. Frequently, on a
piece of twig six inches long, two, three or four of these galls are
placed at irregular intervals. Length 0.75 — 1.50 inch; diameter 0.10
— 0.25 inch. Described from thirty-one twigs. Very like the Ceci-
domyous gall S. nodulus on the same willow, but is much larger.

Larva. — August 28 the larva is 20-footed. Color pale greenish-

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

83

white, with the mouth dark and the usual eye spots. Length about
0.15 iuch.

April 2. One larva was cut out of a gall gathered the preceding Au¬
gust, showing that some larvae undergo their transformation in the
gall, and do not go into the pupa state until spring.

Div. 2. — INQUILINES or Guest-flies.

4. E. perturbans.

Euurct perturbans, Walsli, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, vi, 1S6C, 254.

9 . Differs from the gall-making E. s. ovum 9 only by the dorsum
of the abdomen varying from honey-yellow, including the lateral plates,
through obfuscated to deep black, with the lateral plates also black.
The % does not differ in any respect from E. s. ovum £ .

Two % , five 9 . One % bred April 7, from the Cecidomyidous gall
>S. strobiloules , 0. S.

Oue % , two 9 , bred May 7 — 22, from the Cecidomyidous gall S.
batatas, Walsh.

Oue 9 , bred May 16, from the Cecidomyidous gall S. rhodoides ,

Two 9 , bred from an undescribed Cecidomyidous bud-gall Vitisfu-
sus, Walsh, composed of bunches of 6 — 50 fusiform galls on the stem
of the wild grape-vine.

Iiartig divides his sub-genus Cryptocampus into two sections, of
which the second, Diphadnus , resembles the above, except that it has
but two submarginal cells, the first receiving the recurrent nervures.

Lanceolate cell petiolate ;

Posterior tibise much flattened.

29. CENSUS, Leach.

Croesus and Nematus, Div. 1, Leach.

Nematus, Sec. 2, I, Hartig, Die Blattw. 184.

Nematus, fff, Lepel. Mon. Tenth. 62.

Wings with one marginal and four submarginal cells; the second
long, receiving two recurrent nervures; first and third small, lance¬
olate cell petiolate. Four submarginal bullae, one in each of the trans¬
verse nervures, long one on the submarginal nervures, beginning at the *
first recurrent nervure ; under wings two middle cells.

Legs. — The four anterior legs simple; the posterior pair rather
stout, their tibiae dilated at apex ; the basal joint of tarsi longest, much
dilated and flattened; remaining joints small and simple.

84

EDWARD NORTON.

Larvae, attenuated behind, with six pectoral, twelve abdominal and
two anal feet. Pupa enclosed in a cocoon in the earth.

The larvae of G. septentrionalis has been observed in England feed¬
ing in great numbers on the hazel and willow. (Curtis I, 17.)

Remainder as in Nematus.

1. C. latitarsus.

Croesus septentrionalis, Harris Cat.

Croesus latitarsus, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soe. Phil. I, 1862, 199, 9 •

Color black, base of tibiae white. Length 0.32. Br. wings 0.72 inch.

9 . Antennae as long as body, black ; body shining blue-black, a
crescent-shaped elevation between antennae; clypeus notched; labrum,
mandibles and palpi piceous ; mesothorax with confluent longitudinal
punctures; pleura dull, with dense punctures ; legs black, the anterior
pair piceous toward tip ; posterior trochanters and basal half of all the
tibiae white; posterior tibiae enlarged and very much flattened toward
the tip ; first joint of tarsi still wider, compressed, longer than remain¬
ing four joints together, its edges elevated to a rim on both sides;
wings hyaline, a little smoky below stigma; a dot in middle of both
second and third submarginal cells.

Massachusetts, (Harris’ Coll.) Pennsylvania, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)
(Smithsonian Institute.)

(Three 9 •) Quite rare. Wild cherry, Aug. 16.

Bred by Mr. Walsh from larvae feeding on birch.

Lanceolate cell closed in middle.

30. LEPTOPUS, Hartig.

Leptopus, Hartig, Die Blattw. 1860, 184. Nematus, Sec. I.

Wings with one marginal and four submarginal cells, the second re¬
ceiving two recurrent nervures; lanceolate cell closed in middle.

Remainder as in Nematus.

Europe.

[ TO BE CONTINUED.]

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

85

NOTES ON THE POMPILIDJE OF NORTH AMERICA,
with descriptions of new species.

BY E. T. CRESSON.

[Communicated March 11th, 1867.]

Genus POMPILUS, Fabr.

Head transverse, broader than the thorax, sometimes transversely
compressed, as in fig. 2 c. ( purpuripennis , Mirise, legutus and elegans) ;
eves lateral, oblong-ovate ; ocelli placed in a triangle on the vertex ; face
variable in length and breadth; clypeus variable in shape, the an¬
terior margin emarginate, rounded or truncate; antennae convolute in
the females, straight, or but slightly bent, and sometimes crenulate (as
Figure 1. in Fig. 1) in the males, the length variable in

different species, inserted in the middle of the
anterior part of the face, sometimes in broad, rather deep fossae, (spe¬
cies Nos. 28, 50, 51 and 52).

Thorax oblong, more or less gibbous in front, and more or less com¬
pressed at the sides ; prothorax generally broader
than long, sometimes oblong-subquadrate, (as in
Fig. 2 c = purpuripennis, Mari.se, leg at us and ele¬
gans), the posterior margin either arcuate (as in
Fig. 2 h), or more or less angular, (as in Fig. 2 a);
metathorax generally smooth and rounded above,
sometimes, but rarely, rugose, the apex truncate or obtuse.

Wings: the anterior pair with one marginal and three or four sub¬
marginal cells, the first submarginal generally as long as the two fol¬
lowing together, the second and third receiving each a recurrent uer-
vure ; the marginal cell varies in shape in different species, sometimes
long, and regularly lanceolate, sometimes short, broad, and nearly tri¬
angular; the second and third submarginals vary much in shape,
sometimes in diffei’ent individuals of the same species, the third is es¬
pecially variable, being sometimes quadrate, sometimes triangular and
sometimes petiolated ; the basal series of transverse nervures are some¬
times widely dislocated ; in some species of the subgenera Priocnemis
and Agenia there are four distinct submarginal cells, the cubital uer-
vure extending entirely and clearly to the apical margin of the wing.

Legs variable in length and strength, the posterior pair the longest ;
in the subgenus Pompilus all the legs are more or less spiuose, and

86

E. T. CRESSOX.

the anterior tarsi of the females more or less ciliated with spines; in
the subgenus Priocnemis the intermediate and posterior tibiae are ser¬
rated exteriorly, and the anterior tarsi are simple; while in Agenla
all the legs are simple ; tarsal claws sometimes toothed beneath near
the base, sometimes cleft.

Abdomen exceedingly variable in form, being generally ovate or ob¬
long-ovate in the females, and elongate and sub-depressed in the males;
in some species the form is long, narrow, and more or less cylindrical,
sometimes sub-clavate, sometimes ovate and depressed above, and vary¬
ing from sessile to petiolate.

The species of this genus are numerous, and are most of them easily
separated; but in the black species of the subgenus Pomp this there
seems to be a great similarity, and it is difficult to separate them, un¬
less the specific characters are well marked.

Subgenus POMPILTJS.

This subgenus is characterized by the anterior tarsi of the females
being more or less ciliated with spines, and by the intermediate and
posterior tibiae being more or less spinose, without being serrated exte¬
riorly as in the next subgenus. The shape of the posterior margin of
Figure 3. the prothorax seems to be a

good specific distinctive cha¬
racter, as is also the shape of
the anterior margin of the
clypeus, which, however,
generally differs in the male
and female of the same spe¬
cies. In some species the
form of the cells of the wings
is very constant, while in
others it is exceedingly vari¬
able ; the same may be said
of the armature of the legs.
The accompanying outline fi¬
gure is given to illustrate
some of the characters of the species belonging to this subgenus. Spe¬
cies Nos. 23, 50, 51 and 52, because of the different structure of the
head, prothorax and front legs, do not, strictly speaking, belong to
this subgenus, and may belong to Parcipompilus Smith, (=Microp-
te.ryx St. Farg.), but until the characters of that genus are better de¬
fined. they are, provisionally, included under this head.

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

87

A. Body black, blue or •purple.

(From the United States.)

1. Pompilus philadelphicus.

Pomp il us philadelphicus, St. Farg., Ilym. iii, p. 423.

Female. — Large, robust, velvety black, with a deep blue, violet or
purple reflection j anterior margin of the clypeus obtusely emarginate
in the middle; posterior margin of the prothorax angular ; metathorax
smooth and rounded, slightly flattened posteriorly, with a more or less
distinctly impressed, longitudinal, medial line; legs with numerous
short spines, more abundant on the tarsi, the anterior tarsi ciliated with
short spines, the posterior tarsi sparsely spinose ; wings deep violace¬
ous-black, sometimes fuscous, with a beautiful violet or purple reflec¬
tion ; marginal cell lanceolate, long, the apex oblique, acute ; second
subinarginai cell longer than the third, which is much narrowed to-
wards the marginal ; abdomen oblong-ovate, convex, apex pilose.
Length 9 — 11 lines.

Male. — Resembles the female in color, but smaller, the form nar¬
rower, the clypeus not emarginate, the marginal cell broader aud
shorter, the second/ submarginal cell shorter, and the legs much less
spinose.

Hal). — Delaware, (Coll. Am. Ent. »Soc.); Connecticut, Louisiana,
(Coll. Mr. E. Norton).

Thirteen $ , two £ specimens. Generally larger than xihiops ,
from which it differs by the uniform bluish or purple reflection of the
body, and by the angular posterior margin of the prothorax.

Mr. Smith ( Brit . Mus Cat. Hi/m. iii. p. 160) has erroneously placed
this species as synonymous with P. nebtdosus Dahlb , which is a very
different insect, belonging to the sub-genus Priocnemis.

2. Pompilus sethiops.

Pompilus cethiops, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 451.

Hah. — It. I., Conn., N. Y., Penna., Del., Md., Ills.. Colorado Terr.,
(Coll. Am. Ent. Soc., aud Mr. E. Norton).

Forty-four 9 , seventeen £ specimens. This common species is less
robust and generally smaller than philadelphicus , which it closely re¬
sembles; but may be at once separated by the posterior margin of the
prothorax being arcuated and not at all angular. The anterior margin
of the clypeus is very deeply emarginate in the middle and the sides
broadly rounded.

Three 9 specimens from Delaware, and one from Pennsylvania,
vary in the paler color of the wings, which are fuscous, with a beauti¬
ful purple reflection, instead of violaceous-black.

88

E. T. CRESSON.

The males of this species vary much in size (6 — 9 lines long), and
differ from the females by being smaller, by the more slender form, by
the anterior margin of the clypeus not being emarginate, and by the
less spinose legs.

3. Pompilus maurus, n. sp.

Female. — Deep black, sometimes with a purplish tint, smooth and
shining; head much compressed transversely; clypeus smaller than
usual, the anterior margin arcuate, the sides angular; prothorax larger
than usual, prominent, convex, the posterior margin angular; meta-
thoraS; rounded above, abrupt on the sides and behind, the latter some¬
what emarginate ; wings dark fuscous, with a violaceous or purplish
reflection, the marginal cel! short, subtriangular, rather narrow, second
submarginal cell obliquely quadrate, much larger than the third, which
is triangular, being narrowed to a point towards the marginal ; legs
velvety black, subsericeous, the tibiae and tarsi with rather numerous,
long, slender spines, the tarsal claws cleft, as in the male ; abdomen
oblong-ovate, convex above at base, more or less compressed at tip,
which is slightly pilose. Length 6} — 9 lines.

Male. — Smaller and narrower than the female, and has the antennae
crenulated beneath. Length GI lines.

Hub. — West Virginia, Georgia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) ; Florida,
(Coll. Mr. E. Norton).

Eight 9 , two % specimens. This species is remarkable for the
compressed head and abdomen, and by the tarsal claws of the female
being cleft as in the male. In most spiecies of Pompilus the claws of
the female are toothed beneath at base, while those of the male are
cleft.

4. Pompilus scelestus.

Pompilus scelestus, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 451, 9 % •

Hah. — Conn., N. J., Col. Terr., (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc., and Mr. E.
Norton).

Ten 9 , three S specimens. The % is remarkable for having the
tarsal claws not cleft, but toothed beneath near the base, as in the
female.

5. Pompilus luctuosus.

Pompilus luctuosus, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 452, 9 •

Hub. — Hudson’s Bay Terr., Maine, Illinois, Colorado and Dakota
Territories, (Coll. Am. Ent, Soc., and Mr. E. Norton).

Nine 9 .one % , specimens. Allied to scelestus, but is smaller, more
shining, wings paler, and the legs less spinose. The posterior margin

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

89

of the prothorax is angular. The £ is, as usual, narrower than the 9 ,
and has the legs almost destitute of spines ; the tarsal claws are cleft.

6. Pompilus tenebrosus.

Pompilus tenebrosus, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 453, 9-

Hah. — Colorado Territory, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.); Maine, (Coll.
Mr. E. Norton).

Six 9 specimens. Much like luctuosus , but is easily recognized by
the petiolated third submarginal cell of the anterior wings. The pos¬
terior margin of the prothorax is arcuate.

7. Pompilus angustatus.

Pompilus angusiatus, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 452, % 9-

Hah. — Colorado Territory, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

Two 9 , one % , specimens. Resembles scelestus in color, but the
form is much narrower and more slender, the wings are longer and the
posterior margin of the prothorax is arcuate.

8. Pompilus ingenuus, n. sp.

Female. — Body narrow, velvety black, with a brilliant purple or
bluish-purple reflection over the entire body, legs and wings; clypeus
short and broad, the anterior margin broadly truncate; antennae short,
black above, sericeous-brown beneath ; prothorax moderately short, the
posterior margin arcuate ; metathorax convex above, abrupt and exca¬
vated behind, sometimes with a well-impressed, longitudinal, central
line; wings fuliginous, much darker on the apical margins, the viola¬
ceous reflection brilliant, the second submarginal cell subquadrate,
smaller than the third, which is nearly triangular, being much nar¬
rowed towards the marginal; tarsi strongly spinose, the tibiae sparsely
so, anterior tarsi strongly ciliated ; abdomen elongate, narrow, convex
above, subcompressed at tip, which is slightly pilose. Length 7 — 7-1
lines.

Male. — Differs from the female only by the slightly narrower form,
by the metathorax being more deeply excavated behind, by the more
ample wings, and by the less spinose legs. Length 62 lines.

Hah. — West Virginia, Illinois, Dakota Territory, (Coll. Am. Ent.
Soc.)

Two 9 , three % specimens. A very pretty species, distinguished
from sethiops by its beautiful violet color, narrower form and shorter
antennae.

TRANS. AMEK. ENT. SOC.

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june, 1867.

00

E. T. CRESSON.

9. Pompilus hyacinthinus, n. sp.

Female. — Deep blue, sericeous, with a purplish shade in certain
lights; face short, the orbits and clypeus with a silvery-grey pubes¬
cence; anterior margin of the clypeus truncate; antennae short, black;
prothorax prominent, its posterior margin arcuate ; metathorax short,
very abrupt and truncate behind; legs same color as the body, except
the tarsi, which are black, the tibiae and tarsi thickly spinose, the an¬
terior tarsi strongly ciliated; wings dark fuscous, with a strong viola¬
ceous reflection, the apex rather broadly margined with blackish ; mar¬
ginal cell sublanceolate, broad and rather short, second submarginal
quadrate, the third longer than the second and much narrowed towards
the marginal; posterior wings hyaline, fuscous at tip; abdomen ovate,
convex, nearly sessile. Length 5 lines.

Hah.— Connecticut, (Coll. Mr. E. Norton.)

One 9 specimen. Resembles ingenuus , but is much smaller, more
blue in color, and the legs more strongly spinose.

10. Pompilus brevicornis, n. sp.

Male. — Narrow, subcyliudrical, black, with a beautiful purple re¬
flection ; the face, sides of the scutellum, and the apical half of the
metathorax, clothed with a fine, deuse silvery pubescence ; apical mar¬
gin of the clypeus truncate ; antennae opaque black, stout, not as long
as the head and thorax; posterior margin of the prothorax arcuate;
metathorax with a deeply impressed line down the middle; legs seri¬
ceous, the tibiae and tarsi with numerous, rather stout spines ; wings
fusco-hyaline, with a purplish reflection, hyaline or subhyaline at base
and darker ou the apical margins; marginal cell elongate, lanceolate,
oblique at tip, third submarginal cell subtriangular, being much nar¬
rowed towards the marginal ; abdomen elongate, narrow, subcylindri-
cal, convex, immaculate, the purple reflection brilliant. Length 5 — 6
lines.

Hub. — Pennsylvania, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

Five % specimens. This pretty species is recognized by the narrow
form, by the short antennae, by the conspicuous purple color, and by
the silvery ornamentation of the thorax, which is very beautiful.

11. Pompilus atramentarius.

Pompilus atramentarius, Dahlb., Hym. Eur. i, p. 48, 'J, .

“ Body black, opaque, with a violaceo-sericeous pubescence; wings
black ; tibhe and tarsi sparsely spinose, anterior tarsi ciliated. Length
3] lin. Mens. Suec.”

Hah. — “North America.” Not identified.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

91

12. Pompilus subviolaceus, n. sp.

Female. — Small, black, with a rather strong purplish or violaceous
reflection over the entire body; anterior margin of the clypeus trun¬
cate; antennae short, not as long as the head and thorax; mandibles
brownish ; posterior margin of the prothorax arcuate ; metathorax
smooth, rounded, with a slightly impressed line down the middle, ab¬
ruptly truncate behind; legs sparsely but strongly spinose; anterior
wings fusco-hyaline, darker at tips, with a purplish reflection, margi¬
nal cell short, subtriangular, second and third submarginal cells small,
the former subquadrate, the latter triangular; posterior wings hyaline,
dusky at tips ; abdomen ovate, convex, immaculate, the purple reflec¬
tion conspicuous; tip acute. Length 3£ — 4 2 lines.

llab. — Delaware, Illinois, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) ; New York, (Coll.
Mr. E. Norton.)

Five 9 specimens. Closely allied to parvus , of which it may be
only a variety; but the marginal and submarginal cells are differently
shaped.

13. Pompilus parvus.

Pompilus parvus, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 453, 9-

Hah. — Colorado Territory, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 specimen. Length 3 lines.

14. Pompilus humilis, n. sp.

Female. — Small, black, somewhat shining ; head wider than usual,
the face clothed with a cinereous pubescence ; anterior margin of the
clypeus broadly rounded ; antennae longer than the head and thorax
together; thorax slightly pruinose; posterior margin of the prothorax
subarcuate ; metathorax smooth and rounded, the apex silvery on each
side ; wings hyaline, with a double fuliginous band at tip; second sub¬
marginal cell large and subquadrate, the third much smaller and trian¬
gular, being much narrowed towards the marginal ; posterior wings
hyaline, dusky at tips; legs black, slightly pruinose, the posterior ti¬
biae with a white spot above near the base; anterior tarsi strongly cili¬
ated, the intermediate and posterior tibiae sparsely spinose; abdomen
rather short, ovate, convex, shining black, immaculate, apex slightly
compressed. Length 3J lines.

Hab. — New York, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 specimen. Recognized at once by the bifasciate apex of the
wings and the white spot on the posterior tibiae.

02

E. T. CRESSON.

13. Pompilus cylindricus.

Male. — Small, cylindrical, deep black; head, thorax and legs more
or less silvery-sericeous, especially bright on the face and metathorax;
anterior margin of the clypeus subtruncate or subarcuate; posterior
Figure 4. margin of the prothorax subangular ; metatho¬

rax smooth and rounded, sometimes with a faint¬
ly impressed central line; legs sparsely spinose;
wings narrow, hyaline, the apex broadly mar¬
gined with fuscous, marginal cell short, subtriangular, the third sub¬
marginal cell petiolated (see Fig. 4); abdomen subsessile, subdepressed,
cylindrical, immaculate, sometimes faintly sericeous. Length 3> — 5 2
lines.

Flab. — Pennsylvania, Illinois, Dakota Territory, Texas, (Coll. Am.
Ent. Soc.) ; Virginia, (Coll. Mr. E. Norton.)

Thirteen $ specimens. This is one of our smallest species, easily
recognized by the narrow, cylindrical form of the body, and by the
petiolated third submarginal cell of the anterior wings.

16. Pompilus arctus.

Pompilus arctus, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 453, £ .

Hob. — Colorado Territory, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One £ specimen. Resembles cylindricus very much, but is distin-
Figure 5. guished by the longer marginal cell, and by the

subquadrate third submarginal cell, which is
fully a third larger than the second (see Fig. 5).
This species belongs to the subgenus Pompilus ,
and not to Agenia. , as I stated in the original description.

17. Pompilus virginiensis, 11. sp.

Male. — Long and slender, black, varied with a more or less brilliant
silvery pile, especially brilliant on the face, thorax, coxae and base of
the abdomen above ; anterior margin of the clypeus subtruncate or
slightly arcuate ; face, clypeus and mandibles silvery ; posterior mar¬
gin of the prothorax angular; metathorax smooth and rounded, densely
silvery at the apex; legs sparsely spinose ; wings hyaline, iridescent,
apical margin fuscous, marginal cell long and lanceolate, as usual, the
third submarginal cell much narrowed towards the marginal ; abdomen
elongate, subcylindrical, narrowed at base; the first, second and base
of the third segments covered with a fine silvery-sericeous pile, more
obvious in certain lights; sometimes the second, third and fourth seg¬
ments have a silvery band at base. Length 3 — 5 lines.

Hah. — West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr. E. Norton.)

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

93

Eleven % specimens. Closely allied to eylindricus , but is easily
distinguished by the beautiful silvery reflection of the body, by the
different form of the marginal and third submarginal cells of the ante¬
rior wins;s and by the abdomen being sensibly narrowed at base and
not so cylindrical as iu that species.

18. Pompilus funereus.

Anoplius funereus, St. Farg., Hym. iii, p. 449, 'J, . .

I fab. — “ Philadelphia.” Not identified.

This species seems to approach virginiensis , but the wings are de¬
scribed as being uniformly black, with a violaceous reflection. Size
not given.

19. Pompilus argenteus, n. sp.

Male. — Black, tinged with blue or purple, brilliantly varied with sil¬
very pile, which is especially bright on the face and metathorax; ante-
terior margin of the clypeus truncate ; prothorax prominently produced
on each side beneath the anterior wings, the posterior margin arcuate;
metathorax with a deeply impressed line down the middle ; legs
strongly spinose ; wings hyaline, iridescent, margined with fuscous at
tip, the marginal cell shorter than usual and somewhat triangular, the
third submarginal cell triangular or subtriangular ; abdomen cylindri¬
cal, the three basal segments covered above with a dense silvery pile,
very brilliant in certain lights. Length 3] — 4* lines.

Hub. — West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr. E. Norton.)

Two S specimens. This beautiful species is shaped much like cy-
lindricus, but is at once distinguished from it by the purplish tint, by
the brilliant silvery pile, by the shorter antennae, by the arcuated pos¬
terior margin of the prothorax, and by the strongly spinose legs; these
last three characters also separate it from virginiensis.

20. Pompilus calipterus.

Pompilus calipterus, Say, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 302.

“Black, polished, slightly pruinose; antennae and feet honey-yellow;
wings hyaline, bifasciate with blackish; Length three-tenths of an
inch.”

Hab. — “Indiana.” Not seen.

Probably belongs to the subgenus Agenia.

(From Cuba, Mexico and Panama.)

21. Pompilus cubensis.

Pompilus anceps, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 130, 'J, , (nec Smith).

Ifab. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 ; two % specimens. The 9 varies much in size (8 — 11 lines
long), and the color of the body is much more greenish than iu the % ;

94

E. T. CRESSON.

the anterior margin of the clypeus is deeply emarginate, the posterior
margin of the prothorax is angular, and the wings are deep violaceous-
black. This species resembles philadelphicus very much, but is at once
separated from that species by the strong greenish color of the body.

22. Pompilus fulgidus.

Pompilus fulgidus, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 131, 9 •

ITab. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 specimen. Easily recognized by the brilliant blue and violet,
polished abdomen. The anterior margin of the clypeus is subarcuate,
and the posterior margin of the prothorax is angular.

23. Pompilus (?) purpuripennis.

Pompilus purpuripennis, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 130, 9 •

Hob. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 specimen. This magnificent species is recognized at once
by the rough and curious sculpture of the metathorax. The head is
much compressed, making the front very flat, and the antennae are in¬
serted in deep fossulets just above the clypeus, in which respects it ap¬
proaches the genus Parapompilus Smith (= Micropteryx St. Farg.) ;
the prothorax is longer than in the true Pompilus , and differently
shaped, the anterior margin being rounded, and not suddenly depressed
and strangulated ; the metathorax, however, is not longer than in the
true Pompilus , neither are the wings any shorter, as they reach beyond
the tip of the abdomen when closed.

24. Pompilus regalis.

Pompilus regalis, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 396, 9 •
“Purple-blue; clypeus, mandibles and antennas black; metathorax
truncate, transversely grooved at the verge of the truncation, and with
some longitudinal divergent strias at the base; wings ample, dark pur¬
ple, with brilliant shades of violet; abdomen slightly compressed.
Length 10 lines.”

Hah. — “Mexico.” Not seen.

25. Pompilus lepidus.

Pompilus lepidus, Say, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 303, 'J, .

“Male. — Black, slightly sericeous; wings dark purplish; second
and third cubital cellules a little narrowed at the radial cellule, particu¬
larly the latter, which is less than two-thirds the length of the second,
in that part; basal series of transverse nervures not dislocated; meta¬
thorax with a very slight reflection of purplish, and without any im¬
pressed lines; tergurn with a distinct purplish reflection; beneath

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

95

black ; in a favorite light the thighs have a slight purplish reflection.
Length two-fifths of an inch.”

Hab. — “ Mexico.” Not identified.

26. Pompilus anceps.

Pompilus anceps, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3d ser. i, p. 36, 9 •

“Female. — Length 11 lines. Black; head and thorax with a beauti¬
ful changeable blue silky pile ; six apical joints of the antennae orange-
yellow ; metathorax transversely striated ; wings blackish-brown, with
bright violet iridescence in certain lights, their extreme apex milky-
white; tibiae and tarsi thickly set with short stout spines; abdomen
with a splendid blue iridescence.”

Hab. — “Panama.” Not seen.

B. Body black, banded with cinereous.

27. Pompilus unicus, n. sp.

Male. — Small, black, most of the body clothed with a dense, ap-
pressed, cinereous pubescence, the portions not covered with this pu¬
bescence are black, with a slight opaline reflection ; antennae short,
stout and opaque black; anterior margin of the clypeus truncate; tho¬
rax unusually gibbous; prothorax with a transverse, slightly inter¬
rupted, black band near the posterior margin, which latter is arcuate;
mesothorax with two large, black, subquadrate spots on the disk, nearly
confluent; metathorax abrupt on the sides and behind, black, the api¬
cal half silvery-cinereous ; wings hyaline, the apical third fuliginous,
with a faint, transverse, subhyaline streak just beyond the tip of the
third submarginal cell ; the basal series of transverse nervures is nar¬
rowly margined with fuliginous; marginal cell broad sublanceolate, se¬
cond submarginal subquadrate, the third smaller and much narrowed
towards the marginal; legs rather short and stout, the femora within,
extreme tips of tibiae, and the tarsi, except basal joint, black, the rest
covered with a dense cinereous pile; anterior legs short and stout, not
spinose, the four posterior tibiae strongly spinose ; abdomen short,
ovate, convex, second segment very large, forming a shield, as it were,
to cover the remaining segments when retracted, apex subcompressed ;
shiuing black, first and second segments each with a broad band of
dense cinereous pubescence, placed a little before the middle, remain¬
ing segments each with a large, transverse, cinereous spot on the apical
middle, covering nearly the entire disk of the fourth and following
segments; venter clothed with a fine, dense, cinereous pile. Length
82 lines.

Hab. — Cuba, (Coll. Dr. J. Gundlach, No. 532).

96

E. T. CRESSON.

One S specimen. A beautiful little species, with handsomely orna¬
mented body and wings.

C. Body black, marked or banded with white or yellow.

28. Pompilus biguttatus.

Pompilus biguttatus, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 249; Syst. Fiez. p. 193. Say,
Best. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 303.

Pompilus b-notatus, Say, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 304, (var).

Female. — Black, sometimes covered with a grayish-sericeous pile;
head with narrow white orbits, interrupted above, sometimes very in¬
distinct, or entirely wanting; anterior margin of the clypeus rounded
or subtruncate, reflexed ; posterior margin of the prothorax arcuate,
sometimes margined with white, generally interrupted in the middle,
or entirely wanting; in some specimens the tegulae have a white spot;
sides of the scutellum and the metathorax more or less silvery ; legs
more or less grey -sericeous, anterior tarsi strongly ciliated, ti bice and
tarsi strongly spinose, the extreme tips of the anterior tibiae are some¬
times white, and their tarsi sometimes brownish; in one specimen with
immaculate abdomen, the posterior tibiae have a white line at extreme
base; tarsal claws cleft as in £ ; wings vary from fuscous to hyaline,
always more or less blackish at tips, with the violaceous reflection more
or less conspicuous, third submarginal cell shorter than the second,
sometimes nearly quadrate, but generally narrowed towards the mar¬
ginal ; abdomen elongate, convex, acuminate at tip; first segment
sometimes clothed with an appressed silvery pile, immaculate; second
segment with a transverse white spot on each side at base, sometimes
reduced to a dot, or entirely wanting; third segment also with a trans¬
verse white spot on each side at base, sometimes confluent and forming
an uninterrupted band, sometimes these spots are reduced to dots, or
are entirely wanting; fourth segment with a transverse, white line ou
each side at base, sometimes almost confluent, and sometimes obsolete
or entirely wanting; sixth segment has sometimes a white spot on the
disk ; venter immaculate. Length 4 — 7 lines.

Male. — Much smaller and narrower than the 9 , much more silvery,
especially the face, prothorax and metathorax; the prothorax is gene¬
rally margined posteriorly with white, which is sometimes subobsolete
or entirely wanting; the anterior tibiae and tarsi are sometimes tinged
with ferruginous, the former often tipped with white; the posterior ti¬
biae have generally a white line at base above, and the tibial spurs are
sometimes entirely white ; the wings are more hyaline, iridescent, the
tips are always margined with fuscous ; the abdomen is flattened, the
second segment has generally a white dot on each side, while the third

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

97

segment has a whitish band, sometimes broad and entire, but generally
more or less interrupted in the middle, and sometimes reduced to a
mere dot; the fourth, fifth and sixth segments are immaculate ; the
seventh more or less silvery, sometimes whitish. One specimen has
the abdomen entirely black, except the silvery tip. Length 3 — L]
lines.

Ilab. — Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela¬
ware, Illinois, Canada, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr. E. Norton).

Thirty 9 , fourteen % specimens. The markings of this species are
extremely variable, and I can find no constant character by which to
separate 5-notatus from biguttatus. Of the 9 ? I have before me two
specimens with the body entirely immaculate, except a faint, whitish
orbital line; fifteen specimens have a transverse white spot, sometimes
very faint, on each side of the third segment — these are the biguttatus
of Fabr. — and in one of this last variety, the second segment has a
white dot on one side only, and another specimen has a white spot on
the sixth segment; ‘one specimen has two dots on the second segment,
two large ovate spots on the third, and a spot on the sixth, while
another has the addition of a very small, faint, whitish line on each
side of the fourth segment; and nine specimens have a white spot, va¬
riable in size, on each side of the second, third and fourth segments,
those on the third sometimes confluent, and a spot on the sixth seg¬
ment — these are the 5 -notatus of Say.

29. Pompilus flavopictus.

Pompilus flavopictus, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 396, 9-

“ Length 5 lines. Black ; face yellow, with two longitudinal black
stripes running from ocelli to insertion of antennae, and a transverse
waved black line at base of clypeus; a broad, yellow stripe behiud the
eyes ; scape of antennae yellow, flagellum ferruginous, base and apex
black ; mandibles yellow, tips black ; posterior margin of prothorax,
two longitudinal stripes on mesothorax above, ovate spot on each side
of scutellum, post-scutellum, large macula on each side of metathorax
and its posterior margin, yellow ; sides of thorax with several large
yellow spots beneath the wings; legs yellow, with longitudinal black
stripes on femora and tibiae ; wings subhyaline, anterior margin of su¬
perior pair fuscous; base of abdomen yellow, and the apical margins of
the segments with yellow bands. Closely resembles species of the ge¬
nus Ichneumon.”

Ilab. — “Mexico.” Not seen.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

(13)

june, 1867.

08

E. T. CRESSON.

D. Body black, abdomen marked or banded with red.

30. Pompilus tropicus.

Sphe.v tropicus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 945. Fabr., Ent. Syst. ii, 250.

Pompilus tropicus, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Supp. 250 ; Syst. Piez. 194. St. Farg.,
et Serv. Ency. Meth. x, 181. Dahlb., Hym. Eur. i, 62.
St. Farg., Hym. iii, 434.

% 9 • — Black ; second abdominal segment with a more or less broad,
orange-yellow band, generally emarginate behind, and sometimes inter¬
rupted down the middle; antennae shorter than the head and thorax;
anterior margin of the clypeus subtruncate ; posterior margin of the
prothorax angular; wings blackish, subviolaceous, third submarginal
cell triangular. Length 6 — 8| lines.

Flab. — Pennsylvania, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, (Coll. Am. Ent.
Soc. and Mr. E. Norton).

Seven 9 > four $ specimens.

31. Pompilus atrox.

Pompilus atrox, Dahlb., Hym. Eur. i, p. 63.

% 9 • Black; second abdominal segment with a more or less broad,
orange-yellow band, as in tropicus ; antennae longer than the head and
thorax ; anterior margin of the clypeus deeply emarginate in 9 ,
slightly so in £; posterior margin of the prothorax arcuate; wings
blackish, subviolaceous, third submarginal cell subquadrate. Length
7 — 111 lines.

Hob. — Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Illinois. (Coll.
Am. Ent. Soc.) ; Connecticut, Louisiana, (Coll. Mr. E. Norton).

Twelve 9 , six % specimens. This species, though larger than tropi¬
cus, resembles it closely, but is readily distinguished by the much
longer antennae, by the anterior margin of the clypeus being notched
in the middle, by the posterior margin of the prothorax being arcuate,
and by the shape of the second submarginal cell, which is subquadrate,
while that of tropicus is triangular.

32. Pompilus marginatus.

Pompilus marginatus, Say, Long’s Second Exped. ii, p. 333. (1824.)

Pompilus (Miscus) peliolatus, Say, Boat. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 305. (1835.)

Female. — Black; first and second abdominal segments above yellow
or orange-yellow, more or less emarginate behind on the second seg¬
ment ; the first segment is entirely black in fourteen specimens, with
a reddish spot or shade in twelve specimens, entirely yellowish, or
nearly so, in five specimens, and in one specimen the reddish or yellow¬
ish color is very obscure; anterior margin of the clypeus rounded or
subtruncate ; posterior margin of the prothorax subangular ; wings vary
from subhyaline with a fuscous terminal margin (as described by Say

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

99

in his marginatus ), to uniformly fuscous, and even to blackisli-violace-
ous; the third submarginal cell is generally more or less petiolated;
and in some specimens triangular and not at all petiolated. Length 3
— 6 lines.

Male. — Narrow, cylindric ; head, thorax and legs covered with a
dense silvery-sericeous pile ; legs sparsely spinose ; wings hyaline, iri¬
descent, with a broad, fuscous, apical margin ; abdomen narrow, sub¬
depressed, with a broad reddish band on the second segment. Length
41 lines.

Sab. — Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Penn¬
sylvania, Delaware, Virginia, Illinois, Colorado and Dakota Territo¬
ries, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr. E. Norton).

Thirty-eight 9 , one S , specimens. This is a comniou and a very
variable species, both in size and coloration. Some specimens mimic
small examples of tropicus so closely, that it is difficult to separate
them.

33. Pompilus americanus.

Pompilus americanus, Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amer. p. 117, pi. 3, fig. 6.

Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 157.

Pompilus trifasciatus, Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Amer. p. 118, pi. 3, fig. 6, (var.)

Pompilus plebejus, Dahlb., Hym. Eur. i, p. 60.

Female. — Black; second and third, and sometimes the first, seg¬
ments of the abdomen above with a reddish-yellow or orange-yellow
band, broader on the second segment, more or less emarginate behind,
and sometimes interrupted down the middle ; anterior margin of the
clypeus truncate, or subtruncate; posterior margin of the prothorax
angular : wings fuscous, or fusco-hyaliue, sometimes with a darker api¬
cal margin; third submarginal cell triangular; legs thinly spinose.
Length 51 — 7J lines.

Male. — Resembles the females, but is narrower; the body has a
slight purplish hue ; the face silvery ; the legs less spinose ; the abdo¬
men less convex, sericeous, the first segment with a slight reddish
stain, the second and third segments with an orange-yellow band,
broader and more distinct on the second segment. Length 6 lines.

Bab. — Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Illinois, Florida, Louisi¬
ana, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr. E. Norton).

Eighteen 9 > one £ > specimens. This is a tolerably common spe¬
cies, and the specimens before me vary but little in size and color.

34. Pompilus ephippiger.

Pompilus ephippiger, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 158, 9.

l( Female. Length 6 — 82 lines. — Black; head thinly sprinkled with

100

E. T. CRESSON.

black pubescence ; anterior margin of clypeus emarginate; posterior
margin of prothorax arcuate; metathorax rounded, smooth, and having
a fine sericeous pile of a purple tint; wings dark fuscous, apical mar¬
gins with a darker border; tibiae and tarsi spinose ; second and third
segments of abdomen with a broad yellow fascia, the posterior margin
of which is emarginate.”

Hah. — “ North America.” Not seen.

Closely allied to americanus , but differs by the emarginate clypeus
and by the arcuate posterior margin of the prothorax.

35. Pompilus semirufus, n. sp.

Female. — Black; head, thorax and legs covered with a rather dense
cinereous pile; anterior margin of the clypeus truncate; mandibles
dull reddish, black at base and tips; antennae slender, moderately long;
posterior margin of the prothorax angular; metathorax smooth and
rounded, abrupt behind, with a slightly impressed line down the mid¬
dle; legs rather long, tibiae and tarsi strongly spinose; wings dark fus¬
cous, darker at tips, subviolaceous, third submarginal cell triangular;
abdomen ovate, convex, polished, yellowish-ferruginous, the three api¬
cal segments black. Length lines.

Hah. — Georgia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 specimen.

36. Pompilus divisus, n. sp.

Female. — Black, shining ; head, antennae, thorax and legs covered
with a rather dense cinereous pile; face short; anterior margin of the
clypeus subtruncate; mandibles rufous, black at tips; antennae slen¬
der, scarcely as long as the head and thorax ; posterior margin of the
prothorax arcuate; metathorax rounded, smooth and shining, with a
deeply impressed line on the basal middle; legs thickly spinose. ante¬
rior tarsi strongly ciliated; wings fuscous, subviolaceous, darker on the
apical margin, and paler at base, third submarginal cell triangular;
abdomen elongate, subovate, convex, polished, pilose towards the apex,
the two basal segments above rufo-ferrugiuous, the remainder black,
the apical segment large, convex and pilose; beneath, the three basal
segments rufo-ferrugiuous. Length 6 lines.

Hah. — Georgia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 specimen. Allied to semirufus, but differs by being more
elongate, by the shape of the posterior margin of the prothorax, and
by the coloration of the abdomen.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

101

37. Pompilus bipartitus.

Pompilus bipartitus, St. Farg., Ilvrn. iii, p. 439, 9 •

Hab. — “Philadelphia.” Not identified.

This is described as being black, with the abdomen entirely testaceo-
ferruginous; wings uniformly fuscous and violaceous; prothorax short
and arcuate behind ; metathorax long, convex, with a deep, longitudi¬
nal, dorsal channel. Size not given.

38. Pompilus algidus.

Pompilus algidus, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 15S, % .

Female. — Black, covered with a purple iridescent pile, in one speci¬
men the sides of the face, apical margin of the clypeus, labrum, base
of the antennae beneath, angles of the prothorax, tegulae and anterior
legs, are obscurely tinged with ferruginous ; anterior margin of the
clypeus sinuate ; posterior margin of the prothorax angular or subau-
gular; metathorax abruptly truncate behind ; wings dark fuscous, with
a brilliant violet or purple iridescence, second submarginal cell about
twice longer than broad, the third narrowed one-half towards the mar¬
ginal ; legs strongly spinose, the anterior tarsi strongly ciliated exteri¬
orly; abdomen subdepressed, in one specimen covered with a rich pur¬
ple iridescent pile, the second segment with a rather narrow, obscure
ferruginous band at base, and the third with a much broader one,
emarginate behind; in certain lights, these bands are more distinct,
and assume a golden hue; in the other specimen the abdomen is of a
deep bluish-black color, somewhat shining, with a broad, orange-yellow
band across the base of the third segment, deeply emarginate behind.
Length 11 lines.

Male. — In this sex the variation in color is very great, the body va¬
rying from brown-black to almost entirely ferruginous; the antennae
are thickened and crenulate beneath ; the abdomen is flattened above,
with the band on the third segment always the most distinct, and even
this is sometimes reduced to a mere line; in the darkest specimen the
band on the third segment is broad and very distinct, and on each side
of the second segment, near the base, there is a reddish dot; in an¬
other specimen the whole body is covered with a dense, silvery-serice¬
ous pile, very brilliant, and so dense on the abdomen as to almost hide
the markings. Length 7 — 8 lines.

llab. — West Virginia, Georgia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

Two 9 , six % specimens. A very handsome species, and so vari¬
able that not two of the eight specimens are colored alike.

102

E. T. CRESSON.

39. Pompilus fuscipennis.

Pompilus fuscipennis, St. Farg., Hym. iii, p. 434.

Pompilus sordidus, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 160.

Female. — Narrow, black, the two basal segments of the abdomen
yellowish-ferruginous; wings broad and long, fuliginous, with a faint,
hyaline, semicircular line near the apex of each anterior wing; third
submarginal cell larger than the second, and narrowed one-half towards
the marginal ; anterior margin of the clypeus rounded ; posterior mar¬
gin of the prothorax arcuate, sometimes very slightly subangular; me¬
tathorax with a deep central channel widening posteriorly ; legs long
and slender, spinose ; abdomen subcompressed towards the apex.
Length 5 — 6 lines; expanse of wings 10 — 13 lines.

Hub. — West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

Six 9 specimens. Easily distinguished by the narrow, compressed
form, and long, broad fuliginous wings.

40. Pompilus cinctipes.

Ceropales apicalis, Say, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 366, (nec Van d. Lind.)

Mala. — Narrow, subcompressed, black, covered with a sericeous ci¬
nereous pile; face and metathorax silvery; anterior margin of the cly¬
peus broadly rounded ; posterior margin of the prothorax subangular
and margined with whitish ; legs long, slender, black, sericeous ; an¬
terior tibiae and tarsi tinged with ferruginous, the second, third and
fourth joints of the four posterior tarsi broadly annulated with whitish,
posterior tibiae with a white streak at base above; wings long, broad,
hyaline, with an opaline iridescence, apical half of anterior wings fu¬
liginous, violaceous, with a faint, transverse, hyaline streak near the
tip; second and third submarginal cells subequal, the second longest
and the third broadest and narrowed towards the marginal ; posterior
wings fuliginous at tip ; abdomen rather long, narrow, subpetiolate,
subclavate, black, sericeous; apical margin of the first segment, and the
second entirely, ferruginous ; beneath, both these segments are entirely
ferruginous; apical segment above whitish. Length — 6 lines; ex¬
panse of wings 8 — 11 lines.

Hah. — West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc., and Mr. E. Norton).

Five £, specimens. This handsome species is easily recognized by
the narrow form, allied to that of fuscipennis, by the long and ample
hyaline wings, broadly tipped with fuliginous, by the subpetiolate ab¬
domen and by the annulated tarsi. It may be the % of fuscipennis.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

103

(From Mexico and West Indies.)

41. Pompilus coruscus.

Pompilus coruscus, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iii, 156. Cresson, Proc.
Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 128.

Pompilus juxtus, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 128. — Yar.

Female. — Black, opaque; wings yellowish-fuscous, third submarginal
cell petiolated; abdomen ferruginous, the apex fuscous. Length 4£ —
6J lines. Two specimens.

Tor. juxtus $ .—The third submarginal cell triangular; apex of
abdomen black. Length 4£ lines. One specimen.

Var insignis 9 • — Most of the prothorax above ferruginous; third
submarginal cell triangular; extreme apex of the abdomen fuscous.
Length 5 — 51 lines. Three specimens.

Hab. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

42. Pompilus subargenteus.

Pompilus subargenteus, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p, 129, 'J, .

Male. — Black, covered with a silvery-sericeous pile ; posterior mar¬
gin of the prothorax whitish ; wings fuscous, third submarginal cell
petiolated ; abdomen with a broad ferruginous band near the base ;
legs spinose. Length 41 lines.

Hab. — Cuba, (Coll. Dr. J. Gundlach). One % specimen.

43. Pompilus orbitalis.

Pompilus orbitalis, Cresson. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 131, 9 •

Female. — Velvety-black; orbits, and a central line down the front,
golden ; prothorax with a transverse ferruginous line; wings deep vio¬
let-blue ; abdomen with the four dorsal segments mostly dull ferrugi¬
nous; legs spinose. Length 8 lines.

Hab. — Cuba, (Coll. Dr. J. Gundlach). One 9 specimen.

44. Pompilus apiculatus.

Pompilus apiculatus, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 157. 9 •

“ Female. — Length 4? lines. — Head, thorax and legs black ; abdo¬
men red ; entire insect covered with a fine, white, silky pile, most
dense on the face, cheeks, coxae aud metathorax ; clypeus rounded an¬
teriorly; posterior margin of prothorax with a band of silvery pile, a
spot of the same on each side of scutellum and post-scutellum ; meta¬
thorax rounded, with a longitudinal slightly impressed line; wings
fusco-hyaline, the first recui’rent nervure entering the secoud submar¬
ginal cell in the middle, third submarginal subpetiolate ; tibiae and tar¬
si with a few sharp spines, anterior tarsi ciliated, the tarsi obscurely
rufo-piceous ; apical ventral segment of abdomen with an elongate-
ovate fuscous spot.”

Hab. — “VeraCruz, Mexico.” Not seen.

104

E. T. CRESSON.

E. Body fuscous, marked and banded with yellowish.

45. Pompilus interruptus.

Ceropaies interruptus, Say, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 365, % .

Female. — Blackish-fuscous; orbits before and behind narrowly yel¬
low; clypeus either entirely fuscous, or entirely yellowish-ferruginous,
or of the latter color, with a large, central, square, blackish mark, an¬
terior margin truncate ; the mandibles vary from fuscous to entirely
pale ferruginous; palpi yellowish; antennae convolute, as long as the
head and thorax together, orange-yellow or ferruginous, the apical half
fuscous or black ; posterior margin of prothorax angular, more or less
distinctly margined with yellowish ; a spot on each side of the scutel-
lum, sometimes wanting, a transverse spot on the post-scutellum, and
a transverse spot on each side of metathorax at tip. bright-yellow ;
metathorax rounded, convex, without any impressed line ; tegulae fer¬
ruginous; wings fuscous, varied with yellowish-fuscous; marginal cell
long, narrow, sublanceolate ; third submarginal large, subtriangular,
much narrowed towards the marginal; legs blackish-fuscous, tips of
the femora pale ferruginous; tibiae ferruginous, yellow at base above,
and dusky at tips; tarsi yellowish, annulated with dusky, anterior pair
ciliated, but not strongly so; four posterior tibiae rather thickly spi-
nose; abdomen somewhat shining, somewhat sericeous, subdepressed,
brown-ferruginous at tip and beneath ; second segment with a small
triangular spot on each side at base, and a narrow, sub-basal band on
the third segment, yellowish ; this latter is sometimes reduced to a la¬
teral spot, similar to that on the second segment; in one specimen the
abdomen is brown-ferruginous, with the sutures blackish and without
any yellow spots, while another specimen has the abdomen blackish-
fuscous, and immaculate. Length G — lines.

Male. — Smaller than the 9 > with thickened, crenulate antennae and
subdepressed abdomen ; the antennae are entirely ferruginous, darker
above, the basal joint beneath sometimes yellow; the orbits broader in
front and interrupted above, the clypeus, except a large, black, cen¬
tral, quadrate spot, the tips of the mandibles and the palpi, are yellow;
in one specimen the clypeus, except its anterior margin, is entirely
black, and the mandibles are blackish, dull yellow in the middle; the
thorax is marked like unto that of the female, with the addition of a
rather large, cuneiform, yellow mark on each side of the pleura, which
mark, however, is sometimes wanting; the spot on each side of the scu-
tellum is present in all the specimens but one ; the wings are paler
than those of the 9 ; the abdomen is slightly iridescent, the third and
fourth segments have a narrow yellow band at base, subobsolete cn the

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

105

fourth segment; sometimes all the markings of the abdomen are very
indistinct; beneath fuscous, immaculate. Length 41 — 5 lines.

Yar. % — Black ; antennae, prothorax, legs, except coxae, and abdo¬
men, ferruginous; head marked and colored as in the normal % ; pos¬
terior margin of the prothorax yellowish; scutellum at tip and sides
ferruginous ; post-scutellum and metathorax marked as in the 9 1 tar¬
si yellowish-ferruginous ; basal margin of all the abdominal segments
narrowly black, that on the third and fourth segments followed by a
continuous yellow band, very narrow and subobsolete on the fourth
segment; beneath ferruginous, varied with dusky. Length 6 lines.

ILtb. — Mass., Conn., Penn., Del., (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr. E.
Norton).

Five 9 > three h specimens. This is also an exceedingly variable
species.

40. Pompilus navus, n. sp.

Female. — Fusco-ferruginous, sericeous; head broad, the orbits much
broader in front, yellow ; clypeus ferruginous, yellowish on the sides,
the anterior margin truncate; mandibles ferruginous, dusky at tips;
palpi yellow; antennae ferruginous, paler beneath, dusky above from
beyond the middle to the tip; protliorax ferruginous, margined later¬
ally and posteriorly with yellowish, the disk and a spot on each pos¬
terior angle black, the posterior margin angular; rest of thorax black;
the tegulae, a quadrate spot on the posterior middle of the mesothorax,
ferruginous ; an ovate spot at each side of the scutellum near the in¬
sertion of each posterior wing, the post-scutellum, a cuneiform mark
on each side of the pleura, all yellow; metathorax smooth and round¬
ed above and behind, writh a small spot on each side just behind the
posterior wing, a broad subapical band, constricted in the middle, and
a narrow band at the extreme tip, interrupted in the middle, yellow;
wings fusco-hyaline, tinged with yellowish, with the costa towards the
tip broadly fuscous, with a purple reflection; marginal cell narrow,
wing-cells as in interruptus, posterior wings subhyaline ; legs bright
yellow, most of the coxae and the femora, except tips, blackish-fuscous;
anterior coxae with a large, irregular yellow spot in front, the interme¬
diate pair with a faint yellowish mark on each side at tip, the posterior
with a yellow line behind ; posterior femora with a yellow stripe be¬
neath ; tips of the four posterior tibiae and tips of the tarsal joints fus-
co-ferruginous; tibiae and tarsi with numerous short spines; abdomen
oblong-ovate, subdepressed above, fusco-ferruginous, base of the first
segment, a band at the base of the second and third segments, broader

(t4) june, 1867.

TRANS. AUER. ENT. SOC.

106

E. T. CRESSON.

laterally, and a spot on each side of the fourth and fifth segments, all
yellowish; beneath fuscous. Length 6} lines.

Male. — Black ish -fuscous ; broad orbits, a spot between the antennae,
the clypeus, except a quadrate spot on the disk, middle of the mandi¬
bles, and the palpi, yellow ; antennae stout, attenuated at tips, crenu-
late beneath, fuscous above, ferruginous beneath, with the basal joint
yellow; prothorax margined on the sides and behind with yellow; re¬
mainder of the thorax marked like the female, with the marks more
developed and all yellow ; the lateral margins of the mesothorax are
narrowly yellowish, the quadrate spot on the disk is forked towards
the head, and the apical margin of the scutellum is yellow; wings hya¬
line, the apex fuliginous, covering the third submarginal and a portion
of the marginal cells; legs marked much as in the female, the anterior
coxae has a broad yellowish stripe iu front and the intermediate pair
has a large spot of the same color beneath ; the intermediate and pos¬
terior femora are yellow beneath, the latter not yellowish at the apex
above; basal half of the tibiae blackish, as well as the tips of the tarsal
joints; abdomen narrower than that of the female and much more de¬
pressed above, dark fuscous, the first segment with two small, yellow
spots at base; second and three following segments each with a narrow
yellow fascia at base, much the broadest on the third segment, while
those on the fourth and fifth are very narrow and slightly interrupted ;
venter fuscous, the first and second segments with a broad, yellowish
band at base. Length 5 2 lines.

Hub. — Georgia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 , one S , specimens. This may prove to be an extreme va¬
riety of interi'uptus, although the difference in coloration is great.

47. Pompilus mundus.

Pompilus concinnus, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 122, (nee Wesm.)

% 9 . Fusco-ferruginous, variegated with bright yellow ; wings yel¬
lowish-hyaline, the costal two-thirds of the anterior pair yellowish-fus¬
cous ; legs yellow and fuscous; antennae of £ thickeued, crenulate be¬
neath, ferruginous, black at tips; abdomen subdepressed, banded with
yellow, the bands indistinct in the 9 ■ Length 4 — 7* lines.

Hab. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

Two 9 , one % , specimens.

48. Pompilus Gundlachii.

Pompilus Gundlachii, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 122, 9 •

Female. — Fusco-ferruginous; apical half of antennae black, the ba¬
sal half fulvous; the legs fulvous and spinose ; wings deep yellow-

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

107

ish, the apical margins fuliginous ; abdomen marked with yellowish.
Length 9 4 lines.

Hab. — Cuba, (Coll. Dr. J. Gundlach). One 9 specimen.

F. Body reddish, marked and handed with black.

49. Pompilus ferruginous.

Ceropales ferrugineus, Say, Long’s Second Exped. ii, p. 334. (1824).

Pompilus ferrugineus, Dahlb., Hym. Eur. i, p. 63. (1845).

Female. — Blackish-brown, covered with a purplish pile, strongly se¬
riceous in certain lights; orbits ferruginous; clypeus and mandibles
tinged with ferruginous; anterior margin of the clypeus arcuate; some¬
times the head is entirely ferruginous; antennae black, more or less
ferruginous at base; prothorax sometimes entirely ferruginous, swollen,
with a central, longitudinal, deeply impressed line, the posterior mar¬
gin arcuate ; lateral margins of mesothorax, the scutellum and post-
scutellum, sometimes tinged with ferruginous; metathorax prominent,
with a very deep, large, triangular excavation posteriorly, the stigmata
very prominent; wings uniformly dark fuscous, with a brilliant purple
reflection ; third submarginal cell rather larger than the second, much
narrowed towards the marginal; legs ferruginous, four posterior coxae
blackish ; femora, except tips, and the tips of the tarsi sometimes black¬
ish ; anterior tarsi strongly ciliated, the four posterior tibiae and tarsi
sparsely covered with short spines ; abdomen elongate, convex, more
or less bright ferruginous, rather strongly sericeous ; extreme base of
the first segment, and apical margins of all the segments — broad on the
three basal segments and dilated in the middle and extreme sides of
the second and third segments — black; beneath much as above. One
specimen has the body entirely bright rufo-ferruginous, except the
apex of the antennae, the pleura, the metathorax, and the apical mar¬
gins of the abdominal segments, which are black. Length 9 — 10
lines.

Male. — Smaller than the 9 > and generally more ferruginous. One
specimen is entirely ferruginous, except the pleura, metathorax, apical
margins of the first and second abdominal segments, flagellum of the
antennae and anterior margin of the mesothorax, which are black;
while another specimen has the whole of the mesothorax black; in the
largest specimen the head, legs and abdomen are ferruginous, and the
rest black ; the wings are not so dark as those of the 9 . Length 5
— 7 lines.

Hab. — Delaware, Illinois, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) ; Louisiana, (Coll.
Mr. E. Norton).

108

E. T. CRESSON.

Three 9 > four % specimens. The 9 of this species is one of the
largest and most elegant insects belonging to this family.

SO. Pompilus1? Mariae, n.-sp. (Figure 6, 9 enlarged).

Female. — Head broader than the thorax, much compressed trans¬
versely, black ; front broad, flattened, smooth and shining ; antennae
inserted in deep fossulets just above the clypeus, the two basal joints
ferruginous, the third and fourth shading off into fuscous, (the remain¬
ing joints wanting) ; clypeus small, flattened, anterior margin rounded,

a large red spot on the disk ;
mandibles reddish at tips ; palpi
rufo-fuscous ; face and orbits co¬
vered with a cinereous pile; tho¬
rax orange-yellow, opaque ; meso-
thorax, scutellum and metatho¬
rax strongly tinged with ferrugi¬
nous; prothorax oblong-subquad¬
rate, much longer than usual,
rounded in front, the posterior
margin slightly arcuate, nearly
truncate; mesothorax very small;
metathorax abruptly truncate be-
Pompilus t Marias, 9 (enlarged). hind and slightly excavated, the
truncation transversely rugose, the sides abrupt; thorax beneath sil¬
very-sericeous, with a large blackish stain in front of the middle coxas;
legs stout, rather short, black, clothed with a cinereous sericeous
pile; the posterior femora, except base and tips, reddish, their tibiae
and the intermediate femora slightly tinged with reddish; anterior
legs short, not spinose; intermediate and posterior tibiae and tarsi with
a few short spines; wings narrow, shorter than usual, yellowish-sub¬
hyaline, the apex — covering the marginal, second and third submargi¬
nals, and outer half of the third discoidal cell — most of the interno-me-
dial cell, and the extreme base of the wing, fuscous; marginal cell
lanceolate, regular, i. e. the lower nervure is regularly curved from the
base to the apex ; second and third submarginal cells subquadrate, the
third rather the largest and more regularly quadrate ; posterior wings
hyaline, iridescent, tinged with dusky at tips; abdomen subsessile, con¬
vex, elongate-ovate, narrowed more rapidly than usual towards the tip,
which is acute and subcompressed; basal segment brown-ferruginous,
second and third segments bright orange-yellow, somewhat golden, the
apex of the second segment with a ferruginous stain, dilated in the

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA,

109

middle, the apical margin of the third segment with a narrow brown
band, also dilated in the middle; fourth segment black, opaque; fifth
and sixth segments silvery-cinereous; venter ferruginous, the apical
half fuscous. Length 71 lines; expanse 11 lines.

JIab. — Pennsylvania, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 specimen. This beautiful and rare species may belong to the
genus Parapompilus Smith, along with purpuripennis, legatus and ele-
gans, all having the head and prothorax formed alike.

51. Pompilus ? legatus, n. sp.

Female. — Rufo-ferruginous ; shape and structure same as in the
preceding’ species ; head uniformly dark rufous, shining; antennae
short, scarcely longer than the head and prothorax, black, the two ba¬
sal joints rufous; thorax uniformly rufo-ferruginous; metathorax sil¬
very-sericeous on the sides, the rugosity on the posterior truncation
more strongly marked than in the preceding species; legs black, the
coxae at base, the tibiae, except base and apex, and the four posterior
tibiae beneath, rufous; tibial spurs pale yellowish; anterior legs short
and stout, without spines; the four posterior tibiae and tarsi with a few
short spines; wings shaped and colored as in the preceding species,
except that they are shorter and the apical fuscous band is not so
broad, leaving the subhyaline space between it and the middle cloud
larger ; abdomen opaque, with the two basal segments rufo-ferruginous,
the apex of the second fuscous, remaining segments black, third with
a narrow, subinterrupted, luteous band at base, and a small spot of the
same color on each extreme side of the fourth segment; venter ferrugi¬
nous, apical half fuscous. Length 5 lines; expanse of wings 7 lines.

Hab. — Georgia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 specimen. Resembles Marias very closely, but is smaller in
size, and the coloration of the abdomen is very different, the apical seg¬
ment being not at all silver}' as in M arise.

52. Pompilus? elegans.

Pompilus elegans, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 126, 9 •

Female. — Ferruginous; head wider than the thorax and flat, pro¬
thorax oblong-subquadrate, much larger than usual, rounded anteriorly;
head, antennae, legs and broad band near base of abdomen, blackish ;
metathorax, legs and base of apex of abdomen, densely covered with
cinereous pile ; wings whitish-hyaline, with a very large fuliginous spot
near the tip, as well as a small spot at base and middle. Length 5
lines; expanse of wings 8 lines.

JIab. — Cuba, (Coll. Dr. J. Gundlach).

One 9 specimen. Closely allied to Marise and legatus.

110

E. T. CRESSON.

53. Pompilus compressiventris.

Pompilus compressiventris, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 127, 9 •
Female. — Long and narrow, ferruginous; antennae, sides of meso-
thorax, the whole of the thorax beneath and the legs, black; wings
fuscous; abdomen elongate, compressed beneath and at tip. Length
7 lines.

1 lab. — Cuba, (Coll. Dr. J. Gundlach). One 9 specimen.

54. Pompilus marcidus.

Pompilus marcidus, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 395, 9-
“ Female . Length 8 lines. — Fusco-ferruginous, covered with a fine,
changeable, silky pile, that on the face is silvery; clypeus rounded and
margined anteriorly; seven apical joints of antennae black; cbeeks
with a thin cinereous pubescence; legs of a clearer red than the tho¬
rax ; tibiae and tarsi armed with stout spines, the extreme apex of tar¬
sal joints of intermediate and posterior legs black; wings dark reddish-
brown, gradually blending into a pale or subhyaline margin posteri¬
orly ; abdomen palest at base, with its extreme base black, apical mar¬
gins of the segments very narrowly black or fuscous.”

Ilah. — “Orizaba, Mexico.” Not seen.

G. Body entirely reddish.

55. Pompilus uniformis.

Pompilus uniformis, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 125, % 9 •

£ 9 . — Fusco-ferruginous, with a purplish tinge, antennae darker at
tips; metathorax abrupt and depressed behind; wings subhyaline;
legs spinose. Length — 7 lines.

II ab. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 , three % specimens. Easily recognized by the color being
entirely and uniformly purplish-ferruginous.

56. Pompilus erythrus.

Pompilus erythrus, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Ilym. iii, p. 156, 9 •

“ Female . Length 10 lines. — Brick-red; apical joints of antennae
and tarsi fuscous; clypeus emarginate, rounded at the sides; wings
dark fuscous and iridescent; tibiae with a few sharp spines, tarsi
slightly spinose, anterior pair ciliated; abdomen smooth, shining and
impunctate; pectus with black stains; rest of body of a brighter red
than above ; first recurrent nervure received by the second submargi¬
nal cell near its apex.”

Ilah. — “Jamaica.” Not seen.

57- Pompilus torridus.

Pompilus torridus, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 396, 9-
“ Female . Length 62 lines. — Ferruginous, inclining to a tile-colored

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

Ill

red; antennae red at base, becoming black towards their apex ; face
with a slight silky cinereous pile; metathorax, coxae and femora with
a slight cinereous pile; wings fusco-hyaline, with a faint violet irides¬
cence; apical joints of tarsi dusky; abdomen smooth and shining.”

Ilab. — “ Mexico.” Not seen.

Subgenua PRIOCNEMIS.

This subgenus is characterized by the intermediate and posterior ti-
bim being serrated ( 9 Fig. 7, &.) or serrulated ( $ ), and by the ante-
Figure 7. rior legs not being ciliated with spines

(Fig. 7, c). The neuration of the anterior
wings is variable in different species, but
generally quite constant in individuals of
the same species; the marginal cell isgene-
c rally long, narrow and more or less acute
at tip, but in several species the tip is more
or less obtuse or rounded (as in Fig. 7, a);
the shape of the submarginal cells is vari¬
able in different species, and appear to be a good specific distinctive
character; the basal series of transverse nervures is widely dislocated
in all the species known to me, except in alienatus and pulcliellus.
The specific characters are well marked, and therefore the species are
easily separated.

(From the United States).

58. Pompilus (Priocnemis) magnus, n. sp.

Female. — Large, robust, deep black, head and thorax opaque, abdo¬
men subopaque; face and cheeks clothed with rather long pubescence;
anterior margin of the clypeus arcuate, labrum and palpi fuscous ; an¬
tennae about as long as the head and thorax, orange-yellow, the two
basal joints black ; the breast and anterior coxae clothed with long
black pubescence; posterior margin of the prothorax angular; meta-
thorax smooth and rounded, without any impressed line ; wings black,
violaceous; marginal cell long and narrow, the tip oblique; second
submarginal obliquely-quadrate, narrower than the third which is nar¬
rowed towards the marginal, the second recurrent nervure much bent
outwardly about the middle ; legs stout, black, somewhat shining, tarsi
brownish at tips; abdomen ovate, convex, apical segment covered with
brownish hairs. Length 13 lines.

Ilab. — Georgia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 specimen. This is the largest and one of the finest species
of Priocnemis known to me.

112

E. T. CRESSON.

51). Pompilus (Priocnemis) fulvicornis, n. sp.

Female. — Dull black, subopaque, sometimes with a bluish tint, im¬
maculate; antennae orange-yellow, two basal joints black or fuscous;
anterior margin of the clypeus arcuate, the face sometimes brown-seri¬
ceous; posterior margin of the prothorax angular; metathorax opaque,
with a well impressed, longitudinal, dorsal line; wings uniformly fus¬
cous or dark fuscous, more or less violaceous, marginal and submargi¬
nal cells as in magnus , the second recurrent nervure is rounded out¬
wardly, but not suddenly bent ; legs brown-black, tarsi brown; abdo¬
men ovate, convex, apical segment brownish pubescent. Length 8 —
9 lines.

Male. — Very similar to the female, but the form is more slender
and the tibiae are only slightly serrated. Length 6 — 8 lines.

I lab. — Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, Louisiana, Texas, (Coll.
Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr. E. Norton).

Nine 9 , five £ specimens. Much smaller and less robust than
magnus, and with paler wings. One 9 specimen from Virginia has
the anterior orbits and the mandibles pale ferruginous.

00. Pompilus (Priocnemis) unifasciatus.

Pompilus unifasciatus, Say, Amer. Ent., plate 42.

Pompilus pallidicornis, Smith, Brit. Mas. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 160, 9 •

£ 9. — "Black ; antennae, except the base, bright yellow7; anterior
margin of the clypeus broadly but not deeply emarginate ; posterior
margin of the prothorax angular ; wings dark fuscous, the anterior
pair with a large, yellow, subapical spot. Length 6 — 10 lines.

Jlab. — Conn., Del., Md., West Va., Ill., La., (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.
and Mr. E. Norton).

Twelve 9 , four £ specimens. Recognized at once by the deep
black color of the body, the yellow antennae and the large yellow spot
at the tip of each anterior wing.

61. Pompilus (Priocnemis) maculipennis.

Pompilus maculipennis, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 159, 9*

“ Female. Length 8 lines. — Black; the tips of the mandibles fer¬
ruginous; the head and thorax covered with very short velvety pubes¬
cence; wings brown, with a purple iridescence, the anterior wings
having a large, ovate, yellow macula a little beyond the middle, touch¬
ing their anterior margin ; the anterior and intermediate tibiae and
tarsi slightly spinose, the posterior tibiae serrated exteriorly, the tarsi
spinose. Abdomen obscurely sericeous, the apical margins of the seg¬
ments without pile, smooth and shining.

. 1 lab. — North America.”

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

113

This species is unknown to me. From the above description the an¬
tennae are inferred to be black , in which character only it seems to dif¬
fer from unifasciatus Say.

62. Pompilus (Priocnemis) terminatus.

Pompilus terminatus, Say, Amer. Ent., plate 42 ; Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc.

Phil, iv, p. 454.

£ 9. — Black, opaque; antennae black in five specimens, orange-
yellow, except base, in three specimens; anterior margin of the cly-
peus deeply concave; posterior margin of the prothorax subarcuate or
slightly subangular; wings bright orange-yellow, the apical margin
blackish, sometimes broadly so. Length 4 — 7 lines.

Hub. — Colorado and Dakota Territories, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

Five 9, three £ specimens. Easily recognized by the black body,
and bright yellow wings, tipped with black.

63. Pompilus (Priocnemis) nebulosus.

Piiocnemis nebulosus, Dahlb., Ilym. Eur. i, p. 96, 9-

Female. — Black, somewhat shining; clypeus broadly margined an¬
teriorly, with a broad, somewhat square, but not a very deep, emargi-
nation in the middle; antennae longer than the head and thorax, fili¬
form, slender at tips; posterior margin of the prothorax arcuate, very
slightly subangular; metathorax rounded; wings long, fuliginous, vio¬
laceous, darker at the apex, in the second submarginal cell, and along
the basal series of transverse nervures, base of anterior wings and the
posterior wings entirely, paler; marginal cell long, narrow, subacute
at tip ; second submarginal longer than broad, pointed towards the
base of the wing, and receiving the first recurrent nervure beyond the
middle; third submarginal cell larger than the second, narrowed
considerably towards the marginal and receiving the second recurrent
nervure at about the middle ; basal series of transverse nervures widely
dislocated ; legs black, the tibiae and tarsi with numerous short, palish
hairs; tarsi brownish, abdomen short, ovate, convex, much narrowed
at base, smooth, shining black ; apical segment densely clothed with
brown hairs. Length 6 J lines.

ITab. — New York, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 specimen.

64. Pompilus (Priocnemis) fortis, n. sp.

Female. — Robust, black, shining, clothed with a very short, brown¬
ish, subsericeous pubescence, more obvious on the head, thorax be¬
neath and legs ; anterior margin of the clypeus subtruncate, margined
and very slightly concave; the front with a finely impressed longitudi-

(15) june, 1S67.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

114

E. T. CRESSON.

nal line; antennae short and thick, brown-sericeous beneath; posterior
margin of the prothorax arcuate; metathorax rounded above, subtrun¬
cate behind, finely and transversely rugose ; wings uniformly pale fuli¬
ginous, violaceous, darker at tips; marginal cell long, narrow, acute at
tip; second submarginal cell obliquely quadrate; third submarginal
larger than the second, nearly quadrate, being only slightly narrowed
towards the marginal, and receiving the second recurrent nervure a
third from the base; legs stout, shining black, covered with a brown
sericeous pile ; tarsi brownish ; tibiae not strongly serrated ; abdomen
broad-ovate, subconvex, black, polished above, not much narrowed at
base; apex with brown hairs. Length 7> lines.

Hub. — New York, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

Two 9 specimens. Much more robust than nebulosus , with the an¬
tennae scarcely two-thirds as long, and with the abdomen smooth and
polished.

65. Pompilus (Priocnemis) subopacus, n. sp.

Female. — Black, subopaque; clypeus much produced, its anterior
margin arcuate; antennae brownish beneath; thorax compressed at
the sides ; posterior margin of the prothorax angular ; metathorax
rounded ; wings rather short, pale fuliginous, the apex broadly mar¬
gined with dark fuliginous, posterior wings subhyaline; marginal cell
rounded at tip, second submarginal pointed towards the base of the
wing, the third larger and nearly quadrate; basal series of transverse
uervures dislocated; legs black, tarsi brownish ; tibiae rather strongly
serrated; abdomen oblong-ovate, convex, apex with numerous brown¬
ish hairs. Length 5 lines; expanse of wings 7| lines.

Male. — Closely resembles the 9 ; but the wings are paler, with the
apical margin broader and more blackish, and the tibiae are very slight¬
ly serrated. Length 5-1 lines.

Hab. — Pennsylvania, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

Two (S 9) specimens.

66. Pompilus (Priocnemis) fulgifrons, n. sp.

Female. — Slender, black, strongly sericeous; head large, black, po¬
lished, the face, clypeus, cheeks and mandibles at base, bright golden ;
anterior margin of the clypeus truncate ; palpi brownish sericeous ; an¬
tennae long, rather slender, black, brownish sericeous beneath, the
scape beneath golden; pro- and mesothorax andscutellum smooth and
highly polished, sides of the prothorax and the collar golden sericeous;
posterior margin of the prothorax subangular ; metathorax rounded;
smooth, opaque, slightly golden sericeous at tip; thorax beneath gol-

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

115

den sericeous; wings hyaline, slightly tinged with yellowish, with a
golden gloss, apical margin of both pairs dusky; marginal cell long,
narrow and acute at tip; second submarginal oblique-quadrate, the
third nearly twice as large, longer than wide, slightly narrowed to¬
wards the marginal, and receiving the second recurrent nervure about
the middle ; basal series of transverse nervures widely dislocated ; legs
long, rather slender, black, strongly sericeous, especially the coxae and
anterior tarsi, which are bright golden beneath ; abdomen petiolate,
oblong-ovate, convex, strongly ashy sericeous, especially at base; apex
pilose. Length 51 lines.

Hab. — West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 specimen. Easily recognized by the golden face, polished
thorax and petiolate abdomen.

67. Pompilus (Priocnemis) conicus.

Pompilus ( Miscus ) cornicus, Say, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 305, % J.

Female. — Black, subsericeous, subopaque, except the abdomen,
which is more or less highly polished ; anterior margin of the clypeus
subarcuate; posterior margin of the prothorax angular; metathorax
rounded ; wings long, fusco-hyaline. not uniformly so, the second and
third submarginal and the third discoidal cells have each a fuscous
spot, sometimes indistinct, and the first submarginal cell an oblique,
hyaline streak beneath the stigma; the externo-medial cell is nearly
hyaline; marginal cell long, narrow and acute at tip, the second sub¬
marginal rounded at tip, and much pointed towards the base of the
wing, the third larger than the second, subquadrate, but slightly nar¬
rowed towards the marginal and with the lower basal angle pointed
within, by reason of the second transverso-cubital nervure being round¬
ed outwardly ; the basal series of transverse nervures widely dislocated,
in some specimens the cubital nervure is continued clearly and entirely
to the apical margin of the wing, thereby making four distinct submargi-
nal cells; legs black, sericeous, especially the coxae; intermediate and
posterior tibiae strongly serrated ; tarsi brownish ; abdomen ovate, con¬
vex. polished, black, subpetiolate ; apex pilose. One specimen (probably
immature), has the apical margins of the abdominal segments rufo-tes-
taceous. Length 51 — G lines.

Male. — Much like the 9 i but more slender, more sericeous, wings
clearer and the tibiae less strongly serrated. Length 41 — 5 lines.

Hab. — Maine, Conn., Peuua., Canada, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and
Mr. E. Norton.)

Six 9 i two £ specimens.

116

E. T. CRESSON.

6S. Pompilus (Priocnemis) pomilius, n. sp.

Female. — Black, subopaque, abdomen more or less polished ; ante¬
rior margin of the clypeus subtruncate ; mandibles reddish in the mid¬
dle ; antenna? long and slender, black ; posterior margin of the protho¬
rax subangular; metathorax rounded, slightly impressed down the
middle; wings uniformly fusco-hjaliue, strongly iridescent; marginal
cell long, wider than usual, and acute at tip; second and third sub¬
marginal cells shaped much like those of conicus ; legs brown-black,
subsericeous, tarsi brown, tibia? not strongly serrated ; abdomeu ovate,
convex, subpetiolate, polished black. Length 3 — 4 lines.

Hah. — New Jersey, Pennsylvania, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr. E.
Norton.)

Three 9 specimens. Closely allied to conicus , but is much smaller,
wings uniform in color, and the tibia? less strongly serrated.

69. Pompilus (Priocnemis) germanus, n. sp.

Female. — Black, subopaque, abdomen polished ; anterior margin of
the clypeus subtruncate; apical half of the mandibles reddish ; anten¬
na? long, rather slender, brownish towards the tip and beneath ; poste¬
rior margin of the prothorax angular; metathorax rounded, with a
finely impressed line down the middle; wings hyaline, iridescent, the
apical third fuliginous, with a large, subovate, whitish-hyaline spot
near the tip, the basal series of transverse nervures is more- or less
broadly margined with fuliginous; marginal cell long, narrow, acute
at tip ; second and third submarginal cells shaped much like those of
conicus; legs black, sericeous, tarsi brownish, tibiae rather strongly
serrated; abdomen rather short, ovate, convex, black, smooth and
highly polished, apex clothed with brown hairs. Length -4 lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, Delaware, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr. E.
Norton).

Three 9 specimens. Allied to conicus, but is smaller, and readily
separated by the bifasciate wings.

70. Pompilus (Priocnemis) validus, n. sp.

Female. — Large, robust, opaque, velvety black; anterior margin of
the clypeus truncate; antennae short aud stout, black above, yellowish-
testaceous beneath, except the base; posterior margin of the prothorax
arcuate ; metathorax short, excavated down the middle and abruptly
truncate behind; wings long and broad, uniformly black, with a beau¬
tiful violaceous reflection; marginal cell long, narrow and acute at tip;
second submarginal cell small, quadrate, the third three times as large
as the second, twice longer than broad, considerably narrowed towards

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

117

t lie marginal, and receiving the second recurrent nervure at about one-
third from the base; legs black, robust, tarsi brownish, tibiae not
strongly serrated; abdomen subsessile, ovate, subconvex, shining above;
first, second and third segments above rufo-testaceous, their apical mar¬
gins black ; apex clothed with numerous black hairs ; beneath black.
Length 9 lines.

Halt. — Georgia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 specimen. This fine species is easily recognized by the
short, stout antennae, by the large violaceous-black wings, and by the
coloration of the abdomen.

71. Pompilus (Priocnemis) nigripes.

Po mjiilus ni gripes, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 454, 9-

Female. — Purplish-brown ; three basal segments of abdomen ferru¬
ginous, apex piceous; legs and antennae black; wings fusco-hyaline,
with a fuliginous cloud near the tip. Length 51 lines.

IIal>. — Colorado Territory, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 specimen.

72. Pompilus (Priocnemis) alienatus.

Pompilus fascipennis, Say, Long’s 2nd Exp. ii, p. 333, 9 > (nec Van d. Lind.).

Pompilus alienatus, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 159.

Female. — Black, clothed with a silvery-cinereous pile, most obvious
on the face, metathorax and coxae ; apical margin of the clypeus
smooth, polished and truncate; mandibles reddish in the middle; an¬
tennae long, slender, convolute, brownish ; posterior margin of the pro-
thorax slightly subangular ; metathorax smooth and rounded, rather
abrupt behind, the sides bright silvery; wings hyaline, with four sub¬
marginal cells; the extreme tip, a large cloud covering most of the
marginal cell, the whole of the second and third submarginal cells, and
the tip of the third discoidal cell, fuscous; sometimes the basal series
of transverse nervures, which is scarcely dislocated, is margined with
fuscous; marginal cell long, lanceolate, acute at tip ; second submar¬
ginal cell obliquely quadrate, the third much narrowed towards the
marginal, receiving the second recurrent nervure at about the middle;
posterior wings hyaline, the tip slightly dusky; legs black, the four
anterior tibiae and tarsi more or less varied with rufo-testaceous; the
posterior femora and tibiae red, their tips generally black, their tarsi
brownish; tibiae strongly serrated ; the coxae silvery; abdomen short-
ovate, subconvex, subsessile, polished, red above and belieath, the three
or four apical segments black. Length 3 — -4?. lines.

]Ial>. — Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West
Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr. E. Norton.)

118

E. T. CRESSON.

Thirteen 9 .specimens. This is a pretty and easily recognized spe¬
cies. The £ has not been identified.

73. Pompilus (Priocnemis) scitulus, n. sp.

Female. — Small, bright honey-yellow, polished; head large, black;
anterior margin of the clypeus broadly rounded ; mandibles brown ; an¬
tennae rather long and slender, blackish above, brown beneath ; thorax
narrow, compressed at the sides; posterior margin of the prothorax
•angular; mesothorax stained with blackish, the region on each side of
the scutellum and post-scutellum black ; metathorax smooth and round¬
ed, the stigmata black ; wings hyaline, iridescent, marked as in alien a-
tus, the second submarginal cell is longer than in that species, while
the third submarginal is not so much narrowed towards the marginal;
the basal series of transverse nervures is widely dislocated ; legs honey-
yellow, tips of tibiae and tarsi dusky ; tibiae not strongly serrated; ab¬
domen ovate, subpetiolate, convex, polished, honey-yellow, the apical
half of the third and the remaining segments entirely, black, tip pice-
ous and hairy. Length 3 lines.

Tlab. — Illinois, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 specimen. This handsome little species is closely allied to
alienatus, but is at once separated by the color of the body, except the
head and apex of abdomen, being entirely honey-yellow.

74. Pompilus (Priocnemis) nothus, n. sp.

Female. — Black, somewhat shining; anterior margin of the clypeus
subarcuate; mandibles rufo-piceous at tips; antennae brown-black;
posterior margin of the prothorax arcuate; metathorax oblong, round¬
ed above, with a well impressed line down the middle ; wings pale fus-
co-hyaliue, nearly hyaline at base, iridescent; marginal cell long, nar¬
row and acute at tip ; second submarginal pointed towards the base of
the wing, the third subquadrate, broader than long, slightly narrowed
towards the marginal, and receiving the second recurrent nervure be¬
fore the middle; basal series of transverse nervures widely dislocated;
legs brown-black, tarsi paler, tibiae strongly serrated; abdomen short,
ovate, convex, polished, dull ferruginous, apex brown. Length 4
lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, (Coll. Mr. E. Norton.)

One 9 specimen.

75. Pompilus (Priocnemis) nuperus, n. sp.

Female. — Head golden-ferruginous, with golden hairs, very long on
the cheeks; clypeus large, its anterior margin truncate; mandibles
blackish at tips; antennae long and slender, golden-ferruginous, the

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

119

seven apical joints black; prothorax ferruginous, the anterior margin
sometimes blackish, the posterior margin subangular; mesothorax and
scutellum ferruginous, sometimes stained with blackish; metathorax
rounded, black, golden-sericeous, one specimen has a large, rounded,
ferruginous spot on each side, and the pleura a spot of the same color
beneath the wings; wings long, uniformly fuliginous, with a strong
purplish reflection; marginal cell long, narrow, acute at tip; second
submarginal rather small, oblong-subquadrate, pointed towards the base
of the wing, the third submarginal very large, nearly twice as long as
wide, slightly narrowed towards the marginal and receiving the second
recurrent nervure at about one-third from the base; basal series of
transverse nervures widely dislocated ; legs golden-ferruginous, the
coxae and the tips of tarsi blackish ; posterior tibiae strongly serrated ;
abdomen oblong-ovate, convex, golden-ferruginous at base, the four or
five apical segments more or less stained with dusky, the extreme base
of the first segment black, apical segment clothed with deuse golden
pubescence. Length 7 — 10 lines.

Hub. — Pennsylvania, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

Three 9 specimens. lleadily distinguished by the almost entirely
yellow-ferruginous color of the body, and by the bicolored antennae.

(From Cuba and Mexico.)

76. Pompilus (Priocnemis) flammipennis.

Pompilus flammipennis, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Ilyin, iii, 155.

Pompilus ignipennis, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 121.

£ 9 . — Black, abdomen tinged with blue; antennae orange-yellow;
wings bright ferruginous, the apex more or less fuliginous; metatho¬
rax transversely rugose. Length 3 J — 9 lines.

Hah. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.); “St. Domingo,” (Smith).

Three 9 , four £ specimens.

77. Pompilus (Priocnemis) parcus.

Pompilus terminatus, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p, 128, (nec Say).

Female. — Black; three basal segments of the abdomen ferruginous;
wings fuscous. Length 3f lines.

Hub. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 specimen. This is allied to nothus , but is quite distinct.

78. Pompilus (Priocnemis) nubeculatus.

Pompilus nubeculatus, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 128, 9-

Female. — Fusco-ferruginous; antennae, except tips, legs, and tip of
abdomen, fulvous; wings yellowish-hyaline, with the apex and a cloud
between the middle and apex fuscous. Length 7 £ lines.

Ilab. — Cuba, (Coll. Dr. J. Guudlach). One 9 specimen.

120

E. T. CRESSON.

79. Pompilus (Priocnemis) pulchellus.

Pompilus pulchellus, Cresson. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 12G, 9 •

Female. — Ferruginous; head, antennae and disk of metathorax
black; wings hyaline, with two broad, fuscous, purple bands. Length
3-} lines.

Ilab. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 specimen. This beautiful little species is allied to alienatuit,
and has the most handsomely ornamented wings of any species of Pom¬
pilus known to me.

SO. Pompilus (Priocnemis) Sartorianus. n. sp.

Female. — Black ; head clothed with a golden pubescence, long on
the cheeks and anterior margin of the clypeus, and brightest on the
face; clypeus much depressed anteriorly, with the anterior margin ar¬
cuated and tinged with brownish; mandibles piceous at base; anten¬
nae long, acuminate at tip, ferruginous, the four apical joints black ;
prothorax densely covered with a golden pubescence, the posterior
margin arcuate; lateral and posterior margins of the mesothorax, the
scutellum, except disk, pleura, base of metathorax, and a large rounded
spot on each side at tip, densely clothed with a bright golden pubes¬
cence ; wings yellow subhyaline, the costal two-thirds of the anterior
pair fuscous and subviolaceous ; marginal cell very long and narrow,
acute at tip; second and third submarginals shaped like those of nu-
pcr us ; legs black, coxae golden; tips of the femora, and all the tibiae
and tarsi ferruginous; abdomen oblong-ovate, convex, subpetiolate,
fusco-ferruginous, the second segment with a round, blackish spot on
the basal middle ; apical segment densely clothed with golden pubes¬
cence; venter blackish, fusco-ferruginous at tip. Length 82 lines.

Hab. — Vera Cruz, Mexico. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 specimen. This is allied to nuperus in general shape of the
body and in the shape of the wing-cells.

Tt gives me much pleasure to dedicate this fine species to my friend
Mr. Charles Sartorius, of Mexico, to whose kindness the Society is in¬
debted for this and a host of other Mexican insects.

81. Pompilus (Priocnemis) cincticornis, n. sp.

Female. — Opaque-black, more or less densely clothed with a short
golden pubescence ; face and cheeks densely golden ; broad frontal or¬
bits, a spot on the posterior orbits near the summit of the eyes, and a
large spot on each side of the clypeus, luteous; clypeus strongly mar¬
gined in front, the margin subarcuate ; mandibles luteous at base; an¬
tennae long, black, the fourth and filth joints pale yellowish; posterior

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Yol. I.

1J

i \

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

121

margin of the prothorax arcuate; metathorax short, rather abrupt,
rounded above; wings uniformly pale yellowish-hyaline, slightly dusky
at tips; the cells shaped as in the preceding species; legs ferruginous,
the coxae, trochanters and extreme tips of the tarsi, black ; abdomen
short, ovate, convex, yellowish-ferruginous; extreme base of abdomen
and of the first and second segments black ; apical margin of the first
and second segments and a stain on the middle of the latter, fuscous;
apical segment densely clothed with a golden pubescence. Length 6
lines.

Hub. — Vera Cruz, Mexico. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc., from Air. Sarto-
rius).

One 9 specimen. Easily recognized by the broad yellowish band
on the antennae.

82. Pompilus (Priocnemis) velox.

Priocnemis velox, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 398, 9 .

“ Female . Length 5 lines. — Ferruginous, inclining to a brick-red;
the head black, with the clypeus, mandibles and antennae ferruginous,
the six apical joints of the latter, and the tips of the mandibles black.
The sutures of the base of the metathorax and post-scutellum black ;
the pectus and the coxae behind black; the trochanters and extreme
base of the femora black; the wings flavo-hyaline, the anterior pair
with a fuscous fascia and the tips fuscous, the nervures testaceous.
The extreme base of the abdomen black, and its apex with a little fus¬
cous pubescence.”

Hub. — “Oajaca, Mexico.” Not seen.

Subgenus AGENIA.

This subgenus is characterized by the legs being destitute of spines,
(big. 8, b, posterior leg); the form of most of the species is more
Figure 8. graceful than in the preceding subgenera, with

the legs longer and slenderer; the wings vary
in their style of neuration, but most of the spe¬
cies have the marginal cell lanceolate, the se-
b. c°nd subnaarginal long and narrow and the

third submarginal large (as in Fig. 8, a); the
abdomen in most species is subpetiolate, sometimes subsessile or petio-
late. Some species resemble those of the genus Ceropales very much,
having four distinct submarginal cells, long, slender legs, &c., but the
antennae of the 9 are convolute and the head differently shaped. The
species have all of them good distinctive characters, and are easily se¬
parated.

TRANS. AMUR. ENT. SOC. (16) JUNE, 1867.

E. T. CRESSON.

1 22

(From the United States.)

S3. Pompilus (Agenia) cupidus, n. sp.

Female. — Dark blue, shining; clypeus, mandibles, palpi and anten¬
nae opaque-black; clypeus finely margined and truncate anteriorly;
head and soutellum with a slight greenish tinge; posterior margin of
the prothorax subarcuate; pleura and metathorax opaque-black, the
latter slightly silvery sericeous and transversely rugose behind; ante¬
rior wings uniformly fuliginous, with a brilliant blue and purple reflec¬
tion ; wing-cells shaped much as in Fig. 8, a, except that the margi¬
nal cell is narrower, the second submarginal receives the first recurrent
nervure at about the middle, and the third submarginal is a little more
narrowed towards the marginal; posterior wings hyaline, slightly
dusky at tips; legs long, black, with a strong blue reflection, tibiae
black or brown-black; abdomen ovate, conArex, attached to the abdo¬
men by a short, stout petiole, dark blue, smooth and polished, apical
segment black. Length 6 lines.

Hab. — West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

One 9 specimen. This lovely species is easily recognized by the
dark blue body, and brilliant purple anterior wings.

84. Pompilus (Agenia) architectus.

Pompilus architectus, Say, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 303.

Female. — Dark blue, clothed with a short cinereous pubescence,
long on the shoulders and on the metathorax, the latter with a finely
impressed central line, and the posterior angles are silvery; head
tinged with green ; clypeus broadly rounded anteriorly ; mandibles fer¬
ruginous; antennae black or brown-black ; posterior margin of the pro¬
thorax arcuate ; wings hyaline, iridescent, the extreme tips slightly
dusky ; wing cells as in the preceding species, except that the margi¬
nal cell is broader and the third submarginal is longer ; legs black,
with a very slight tinge of blue on the femora, anterior tibiae and all
the tarsi brown, coxae silvery beneath; abdomen ovate, convex, petio-
late, polished blue-black, apical segment brown and hairy. Length 2|
— 4 lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, Illinois, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc., and Mr. E. Nor¬
ton).

Four 9 specimens.

85. Pompilus (Agenia) caerulescens.

Agenia caerulescens, Dahlb., Hym. Eur. i, p. 93.

“Submedium, 2 lin. Mens. Suec. long.; blue, posterior coxae black,
antennae fuscous above, luteous beneath; mouth, mandibles, palpi, an¬
terior legs, intermediate femora entirely, and apex of posterior femora,

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

123

fulvous; wings whitish-hyaline, apex slightly smoky; abdomen very
short, convex, conical, with a very short, but indistinct petiole.”

Hob. — “ South Carolina.” Not seen.

SO. Pompilus (Agenia) pulchripennis, n. sp.

% 9 • — Black, shining, subsericeous; anterior margin of the clypeus
slightly emarginate; antennas dull black or brown-black; posterior
margin of the prothorax arcuate; metathorax rounded, finely impress¬
ed down the middle, and thinly clothed behind with a fine whitish pu¬
bescence; wings hyaline, with a large fuscous cloud covering the mar¬
ginal cell, except its tip, the whole of the second and third submargi¬
nals and a portion below them, and a transverse fuscous spot on the
basal series of transverse nervures, this is sometimes wanting; margi¬
nal cell long and narrow ; second submarginal obliquely quadrate,
receiving the first recurrent nervure in the middle, the third submar¬
ginal subquadrate, narrowed towards the marginal, and receiving the
second recurrent nervure near the base; legs black, subsericeous; ab¬
domen ovate, convex, subpetiolate, polished, sericeous, apex clothed
with brownish hairs. Length 3 — 5 lines.

Hub. — Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, (Coll. Am.
Ent. Soc.).

Five 9 > one $ ) specimens. Readily distinguished by the hand¬
somely ornamented wings. It approaches Priocnemis germanus in
general appearance, being of the same color and with the wings simi¬
larly marked.

87. Pompilus (Agenia) brevis, n. sp.

Male. — Black, clothed with a short greyish pubescence; head
opaque; a line on the front orbits, most of the clypeus — the anterior
margin of which is truncate — the mandibles, except tips, and the palpi
dull fulvous ; antennae as long as the head and thorax, stout, crenulate
beneath, brown-black above, fulvous beneath; thorax robust, broad in
front, narrowed behind, the pro- and mesothorax opaque, the posterior
margin of the prothorax arcuate; scutellum and metathorax shining,
the latter smooth and rounded, faintly impressed down the middle, and
whitish-sericeous at tip; wings long, hyaline with a fuscous cloud on
Figure 9. the apical third, and a narrow band margining

the basal series of transverse nervures ; wing-
cells as in Figure 9; posterior wings hyaline,
slightly dusky at tips; legs black, sericeous ; the
anterior femora within, the four posterior femora, except tips, the an¬
terior tibiae at tip and within, their tarsi entirely and the intermediate

124

E. T. CRESSON.

tarsi, except base, all testaceous or dull fulvous, the posterior tarsi is
tinged with the same color; abdomen small, short, narrow, subovate,
subpetiolate, shining black. Length 2f lines.

Hub. — Georgia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One S specimen. A very distinct little species, remarkable for the
large thorax, small abdomen, and curious shape of the marginal and
submarginal cells.

8S. Pompilus (Agenia) Dakota, n. sp.

Male. — Slender, black, subopaque, the prothorax, metathorax and
coxae clothed with a silvery sericeous pile ; anterior orbits yellow ;
clypeus truncate anteriorly; mandibles rufo-testaceous near the tips ;
palpi fuscous, varied with testaceous; antennae long, rather slender,
filiform, black above, beneath testaceous at base and toward the tips;
thorax more gibbous than usual ; posterior margin of the prothorax
subangular; scutellum convex and pubescent; the mesothorax has a
small tubercle on the disk; metathorax small, subconvex, densely sil¬
very in certain lights; wings long, ample, uniformly fuliginous, sub-
violaceous, with a transverse, darker cloud beneath the marginal cell,
and another at the extreme apex; marginal cell lauceolate ; second
submarginal cell oblong, subquadrate, pointed towards the base of the
wing; third submarginal cell large, shaped as in Fig. 8, a; legs long,
black; coxae silvery sericeous ; anterior tibiae testaceous; intermediate
tibiae and all the tarsi more or less brownish; abdomen long, subcla-
vate, subpetiolate, subconvex, black, shining, the two apical segments
above orange-yellow. Length 5 lines; expanse of wings 10 lines.

Var. h . — Frontal orbits obscurely yellowish; mandibles piceous;
palpi fuscous; antennae orange-yellow, blackish at base and apex; an¬
terior tibiae and tarsi brownish ; apex of abdomen obscurely testaceous;
otherwise same as the other % specimen.

Hob. — Dakota Territory; West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

Two S specimens. Should the variety from West Virginia prove
to be a distinct species, it may be named pallid icoruis.

89. Pompilus (Agenia) nigropilosus, n. sp.

Male. — Black, shining, rather thickly clothed with a black pubes¬
cence, long and dense on the head; thorax and abdomen with a very
short cinereous pile, seen only when viewed in certain lights; clypeus
small, truncate anteriorly; mandibles reddish near the apex; antennae
moderately long, iucrassate, tapering towards the tip, opaque-black ;
thorax densely punctured; posterior margin of the prothorax arcuate;
disk of metathorax and scutellum flattened; metathorax roughly puuc-

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

125

tured. with a well impressed line down the middle, and slightly exca¬
vated on each side behind ; wings subhyaline, staiued with fuscous
and subviolaceous towards the apex ; marginal cell lanceolate ; second
and third submarginals quadrate, the third much larger than the se¬
cond, receiving the second recurrent nervure near the base; legs stout,
black, subsericeous, clothed with short black pubescence; abdomen
subsessile, polished, convex above, clothed with very short black pu¬
bescence ; venter polished. Length 4| lines.

Hab- — West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One % specimen.

90. Pompilus (Agenia) albopilosus. n. sp.

Male. — Form and color of the preceding species, but the pubescence
is rather more dense and is white or ashy instead of black, the vertex
has a few black hairs; thorax opaque, the posterior margin of the pro¬
thorax is angular; wings hyaline, iridescent, slightly smoky at tip;
wing-cells much as in the preceding species ; anterior tibiae testaceous
in front; abdomen more ovate, subdepressed, polished. Length bJ
lines.

Hub. — West Virginia. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

Two S specimens. This may prove to be only a variety of ni/jro-
piloaus.

91. Pompilus (Agenia) bombycinus, n. sp.

Female. — Black, subopaque, strongly ashy sericeous, especially
strong on the abdomen ; clypeus large, apical margin broadly rounded
and recurved; antennae long, slender at tips; prothorax broadly mar¬
gined posteriorly, the posterior edge angular or subangular; wings
hyaline, dusky at tips; marginal cell long, sublanceolate, second and
third submarginals about equal in length, the third the largest, slight¬
ly narrowed towards the marginal and receiving the second recurrent
nervure a little before the middle ; legs black, coxae strongly sericeous;
anterior tibiae, and all the tarsi, beneath golden sericeous; abdomen
short, ovate, convex, petiolate, shining, very strongly sericeous; apex
with a few long, pale hairs. Length lines.

Male. — Slenderer than the female, with the head and thorax more
strongly sericeous; clypeus deeply and broadly emarginate; metatho¬
rax with a shallow channel down the middle ; wings darker at tips ;
anterior legs brownish; abdomen much smaller than in the 9 j sub-
clavate. subdepressed. Length 4f lines.

Hub. — West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 j two % specimens.

1 20

E. T. CRESSON.

92. Pompilus (Agenia) varipes, n. sp.

Female. — Black, clothed with a dense ashy-sericeous pile; anterior
margin of the clypeus sinuous ; tips of mandibles piceous ; prothorax
broadly margined posteriorly, the posterior edge arcuate; metathorax
silvery, finely sculptured, with scattered deeper punctures, and a finely
impressed line down the middle ; wings hyaline, the extreme tip dusky;
marginal and submarginal cells shaped much as in the preceding spe¬
cies, except that the third submarginal cell is larger, longer and more
narrowed towards the marginal; legs black, tips of anterior femora, their
tibiae and most of their tarsi fulvous, as well as the extreme tips of the
four posterior tibiae ; the tarsi tinged with testaceous; abdomen ovate,
convex, petiolate, shining, pruinose, the apical segment with a large
ovate polished space surrounded by long pale hairs. Length 5 lines.

Hub. — Illinois, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 specimen. Closely allied to bombi/cinus , but the thorax is
broader and the legs differently colored.

93. Pompilus (Agenia) pulclirinus, n. sp.

Male. — Slender, black, clothed with fine, silvery-white pubescence ;
broad anterior orbits not reaching the summit of the eyes, narrow pos¬
terior orbits, the clypeus, except a large square spot on the middle,
and the mandibles, except extreme- base and apex, white; clypeus
large, sinuous anteriorly ; antennae long, filiform, opaque-black above,
testaceous beneath, especially beyond the middle; posterior margin of
the prothorax angular ; scutellum prominent, convex ; metathorax
smooth, rounded, and densely silvery ; wings hyaline, slightly irides¬
cent, the apical margin fuliginous; wing-cells as in Fig. 8, a; legs
long, slender, black ; coxae silvery, the anterior pair with a broad white
stripe in front ; extreme tips of the anterior femora, a stripe on their
tibiae exteriorly, and a band on the three basal joints of the four ante¬
rior tarsi, yellowish-white ; all the tibial spurs are white; abdomen
ovate, subpetiolate, subdepressed, posterior margins of the segments
subhyaline, the apical segment more or less whitish. Length do — 5
lines.

Hab. — West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

Two % specimens. Easily recognized by the white markings of the
head and front coxae.

94. Pompilus (Agenia) agilis, n. sp.

Male. — Very slender, black, clothed with a silvery pile, very bril¬
liant on the face, metathorax and coxae; clypeus small and truncate in
front, densely covered with silvery pubescence, as -well as the mandi-

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

127

bles at base and the cheeks, tips of mandibles piceous ; antenme Ion",
slender, dull black, the scape silvery pubescent; posterior margin of
the prothorax much depressed and arcuate ; wings hyaline, irides¬
cent, apical margin fuliginous; wing-cells shaped as in bombycinus ;
legs long and slender, sericeous, the coxa) silvery, anterior tibiae and
tarsi more or less, and all the tibial spurs, pale testaceous ; abdomen
long, slender, strongly clavate, the first segment long and cylindrical,
the remaining segments together forming, as it were, an oblong-ovate
club ; apical segment more or less white. Length 4 lines.

Hab. — West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

Two £ specimens. Resembles pulchrinus in general shape, but is
more slender, and is at once separated from that species by the absence
of the white markings on the face and anterior coxae; the abdomen is
also more strongly petiolated.

95. Pompilu3 (Agenia) petiolatus, n. sp.

Male. — Small, slender, black, densely covered with a fine, short,
whitish pubescence, very dense on the face, metathorax and coxae;
clypeus truncate in front; mandibles reddish at tips; antennae robust,
moderately long; prothorax arcuate behind; wings hyaline, iridescent,
extreme tips dusky; marginal cell oblique at tip, the second submar¬
ginal conical when viewed longitudinally, receiving the first recurrent
nervure before the middle, third submarginal subquadrate, slightly
narrowed towards the marginal, receiving the second recurrent nervure
at the middle; tips of the anterior femora, their tibiae entirely, and
the base of their tarsi, testaceous ; tibial spurs black ; abdomen long,
very slender, strongly petiolated, the apical segment with a white spot.
Length 3 lines.

Hab. — Illinois, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.)

OneS specimen. Closely allied to agilis, but is much smaller, more
slender, and with shorter, thicker antennae.

96. Pompilus (Agenia) iridipennis, n. sp.

Male. — Small, black, rather thinly clothed with a fine whitish pile,
dense and silvery on the face, metathorax and coxae; face short; cly¬
peus small, broadly rounded anteriorly; mandibles reddish at tips; an¬
tennae moderately long, slender, eutirely black; posterior margin of
the prothorax angular; wings hyaline, beautifully iridescent, the api¬
cal margin and a spot in the second and third submarginal and third
discoidal cells, pale dusky; marginal cell lanceolate; second submar¬
ginal much longer than the third, subquadrate, pointed towards the
base of the wing, receiving the recurrent nervure in the middle; third

128

E. T. CRESSON.

submarginal cell quadrate, wider than long, slightly narrowed towards
the marginal, receiving the second recurrent nervure in the middle;
anterior legs more or less pale testaceous ; abdomen subpetiolate, sub-
cylindrical, subconvex, shining, immaculate. Length 24 — 34 lines.

Bab. — New Jersey, West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr.
E. Norton).

Five % specimens. Readily distinguished by the beautifully iri¬
descent wings.

97. Pompilus (Agenia) mellipes.

Pompilus mellipes, Say, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 304. (1835).

Agenia fulvipes, Dahlb., Ilyin. Eur. i, p. 92. (1845).

Female. — Black, pruinose, clothed with a tine, silvery-cinereous
pile, more dense and brilliant on the face, metathorax and coxae ; an¬
terior orbits sometimes faintly margined with lutcous; palpi whitish ;
antennae strongly pale sericeous, brownish beneath and at tips above ;
posterior margin of the prothorax much depressed and subangular ;
metathorax finely impressed down the middle; wings hyaline, slightly
iridescent, faintly tipped with dusky; wing-cells as in Fig. 8, a; legs
fulvous, coxte black, tips of tarsi dusky; abdomen ovate, convex, sub¬
petiolate, shining, pruinose; apical segment with a smooth, oblong
space, surrounded by pale pubescence. Length 4 — 44 lines.

Male. — More slender than the 9 ; broad frontal orbits, clypeus, ex¬
cept a central black streak, the mandibles and the palpi, white; an¬
tennae long, filiform, brown-black above, pale testaceous beneath, the
basal joint white; the coxae, except the posterior pair above, are ful¬
vous ; abdomen sometimes nearly cylindrical, with the apical margins
of The segments testaceous, the apical segment more or less whitish.
Length 34 — 4 lines.

Hub. — New York, Maryland, West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.,
and Mr. E. N orton).

Two 9 , two % specimens.

98. Pompilus (Agenia) calcaratus, n. sp.

Male. — Slender, cylindrical, black, clothed with a fine, whitish pu¬
bescence; clypeus truncate in front, white, with a more or less large
black spot at base; mandibles generally with a whitish spot near the
tip; palpi pale fuscous; antennae rather short, thick, entirely dull
black; prothorax broadly margined posteriorly with white; metatho¬
rax rounded, and silvery on the sides and behind; wings hyaline,
slightly iridescent, the extreme apex and a faint cloud over the sub¬
marginal cells, pale dusky; marginal cell lanceolate; second and third
submarginal cells small, subequal, the former quadrate, the latter con-

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

121)

siderably narrowed towards the marginal; legs fulvous; the coxae, tro¬
chanters, base of anterior femora, and the four posterior tarsi, black ;
anterior coxm at tips, and the tibial spurs, white ; sometimes the four
posterior femora and tibiae are more or less varied with blackish ; ab¬
domen subcylindrical, subsessile, black, immaculate. Length 3 — 31
lines.

II ah. — Conn., N. Y., Penna., Ills., (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr.
E. Norton).

Six % specimens. Allied to mellipes, but easily separated by the
prothorax being margined with white and by the white tibial spurs.

99. Pompilus (Agenia) congruus, n. sp.

Female. — Black, covered with very fine, dense, pale sericeous pile,
silvery on the thorax beneath and on the coxae ; clypeus very short
and transverse, its anterior margin very slightly arcuate; prothorax
lar ger than usual, its posterior margin nearly truncate, very slightly
arcuate; metathorax smooth and rounded, silvery on the sides; wings
Figure 10. hyaline, faintly clouded at tip. the wing-cells as in
•'ig. 10 ; legs black, strongly sericeous, the anteri¬
or tibiae and tarsi pale in front, coxae silvery; ab¬
domen short, ovate, convex, subsessile, entirely
reddish-fulvous, strongly sericeous. Length 5 lines.

Hub. — West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 specimen. This fine species is remarkable for having the
third submarginal cell furnished with an appendiculate nervure at tip,
as represented in the above cut, being the only instance of the kind
that I have seen in this family.

100. Pompilus (Agenia) longulus, n. sp.

Male. — Long, narrow, black, opaque; face short, somewhat silvery,
clypeus short, very transverse, truncate in front ; antennae long, slen¬
der, filiform, entirely black ; thorax long, narrow, subdepressed above;
prothorax larger than usual, its posterior margin angular; metathorax
rounded, somewhat silvery on the sides ; wings subhyaline, iridescent,
the apical margin fuscous; marginal cell long, sublanceolate; second
and third submarginal cells small, the former longest, the latter widest
and narrowed towards the marginal ; legs entirely black ; abdomen
rather short, subpetiolate, convex, reddish-fulvous, shining, the ex¬
treme base of the first segment black. Length 4£ lines.

Hub. — Dakota Territory, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One % specimen. Remarkable for the long, narrow form of the
body.

TUANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

(17)

June, 1867.

130

E. T. CRESSON.

101. Pompilus (Agenia) acceptus, n. sp.

Female. — Robust, entirely and uniformly ferruginous, covered with
a very fine, whitish sericeous pile; head large, clypeus large, truncate
in front, tips of mandibles blackish ; antennae entirely ferruginous ;
prothorax large, its posterior margin arcuate; metathorax rounded,
with a short, well-impressed line on the basal middle; wings narrow,
pale yellowish-hyaline, with three fuscous bands, the middle one the
Figure 11. broadest; wing-cells as in Fig. 11 ; legs long and
slender, ferruginous, the four posterior coxae with
a blackish stain beneath ; abdomen ovate, convex,
subpetiolate, ferruginous, the apical segment with
a fuscous spot. Length 5 lines.

Ilah. — Georgia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 specimen. Easily distinguished by the color being entirely
ferruginous, and by the trifasciate wings.

(From Cuba and Mexico.)

102. Pompilus (Agenia) bellus.

Pompilus bellus , Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 124, % 9 •

£ 9. — Bright blue, shining; antennae black; wings hyaline. Length
3 — 4A lines.

Hab. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

Two 9 , three % specimens. A beautiful little species, easily re¬
cognized by the bright blue color of the body.

103. Pompilus (Agenia) violaceipes.

Pompilus violaceipes, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 129, 9 •

Female. — Black ; thorax and abdomen above ferruginous, the latter
strongly tinged with a beautiful violet color; legs deep violet; wings
fuscous, the anterior pair with a strong brassy gloss, the tip violet.
Length 5-1 lines.

Hab. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 specimen.

104. Pompilus (Agenia) macer.

Pompilus macer, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., iv, p. 125. % .

Male. — Slender, black, basal half of the abdomen ferruginous;
wings subhyaline. Length 2| lines.

/lab. — Cuba, (Coll. Dr. J. Guudlach). One specimen.

105. Pompilus (Agenia) mexicanus, n. sp.

Female. — Black, with a dull purplish tinge; somewhat pruinose,
clothed with a fine cinereous pile, most dense on the face ; head more
transverse than usual; clypeus broadly rounded in front; antennae
long, slender, black; thorax robust; posterior margin of the prothorax

AMERICAN II YMEN OPTER A .

131

nearly transverse, being very slightly arcuate; metathorax rounded,
slightly excavated behind; wings hyaline, the extreme apex faintly
dusky; wing-cells much as in Fig. 8, or; legs dull fulvous, coxae black,
tips of the tarsi blackish ; abdomen short, convex, petiolate, polished,
pruinose. Length 6 lines.

1 lab. — Vera Cruz, Mexico, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc., from Mr. Chas.
Sartorius).

Three 9 specimens. Larger than mcllipes, to which it is closely
allied.

106. Pompiius (Agenia) subvirescens, n. sp.

Female. — Black ; head and thorax rather densely clothed with a
golden pubescence, that on the thorax having a beautiful green reflec¬
tion in certain lights; anterior margin of the clypeus sinuous; anten¬
nae testaceous, dusky at tips; posterior margin of the prothorax de¬
pressed and subarcuate ; metathorax short, oblique, with a shallow
channel down the middle ; wings hyaline, slightly tinged with yellow¬
ish ; wing-cells much as in Fig. 8, a; legsluteous; coxae, trochanters
and base of femora black ; abdomen ovate, petiolate, convex, polished,
the apex with an ovate polished space. Length lines.

1 lab. — Vera Cruz, Mexico, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc., from Mr. Chas.
Sartorius).

One 9 specimen.

107. Pompiius (Agenia) azureus, n. sp.

Female. — Black, opaque, with a strong blue and purple reflection ;
head black, without any blue or purple reflection, face narrow, serice¬
ous, clypeus small, its tip truncate; antenna? black, pale sericeous;
prothorax large, its posterior margin angular ; the scutelium with a
finely impressed line down the middle; metathorax with a very deep
channel down the middle, leading into a large and deep excavation at
the tip, leaving the posterior angles acute; anterior wings black, with
a strong purple reflection, the apical margin darker than the rest of
the wing; marginal cell large, the tip obliquely pointed; second sub-
marginal quadrate, receiving the first recurrent nervure beyond the
middle ; third submarginal narrowed towards the marginal, receiving
the second recurrent nervure in the middle ; posterior wings clearer,
the tips dusky ; legs with a strong blue reflection ; abdomen oblong-
ovate, sessile, convex, with a strong blue and purple reflection. Length
6 lines.

I lab. — Vera Cruz, Mexico, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc., from Mr. Chas.
Sartorius).

132

E. T. CRESSON.

108. Pompilus (Agenia) Montezumia,

Agenda Montezumia, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 397.

u Male. Length 4J lines. — Black; face with a dense golden pubes¬
cence; clypeus transverse, widely emarginate in front; head with a
long, thin, black pubescence. Thorax thinly covered with long black
pubescence; tips of anterior femora in front, tibiae in front and their
apex rufo-testaceous ; wings ample, flavo-hyaline, their apical margins
faintly clouded, and with a fuscous fascia crossing the superior pair at
the base of the marginal cell. Abdomen subpetiolate, black, with an
obscure blue tinge ; the apex with a short black pubescence.”

Hub. — “ Oajaca, Mexico.” Not seen.

1 09. Pompilus (Agenia) orbiculatus.

Agenia orbiculata, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 397.

“ Female . Length 6 lines. — Head and thorax black, adorned with
golden pile ; inner orbits of the eyes, a spot behind them, two spots
on the clypeus, mandibles, and third and fourth joints of the flagellum
yellow ; wings flavo-hyaline, nervures testaceous ; legs and abdomen
ferruginous, coxae black; apical joints of tarsi fuscous; basal margins
of the segments of the abdomen fuscous.

11 Male. Length 4i- lines. — Closely resembles the female, but has
the coxae yellow beneath ; abdomen fuscous, apex of the basal segment
yellowish, second and third segments with a large yellow spot on each
side, the extreme apex reddish-yellow.”

Ilab. — “ Mexico.” Not seen.

110. Pompilus (Agenia) caerulipes.

Agenia coerulipes, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 397.

‘•Female. Length lines. — Nigro-aeneous, legs steel-blue; five api¬
cal joints of antennae yellow; clypeus transverse, margined anteriorly,
and widely emarginate ; posterior margin of prothorax curved ; meta¬
thorax with bright silvery pile at its apex; wings flavo-hyaline; ante¬
rior pair with two narrow, brown fasciae, the basal one crossing at the
apex of the externo-medial cell, the second at the base of the marginal
cell ; apex of the wings with a pale fuscous margin. Abdomen subpetio¬
late and clothed with golden pubescence. This species when recently
disclosed, would probably have the head and thorax clothed with shin¬
ing yellowish-white pile.”

Hub. — “Orizaba, Mexico.” Not seen.

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

133

Genus FERREOLA, St. Farg.

The species of this genus are said to have the “antennae short,
thickened, and gradually tapering to a point; the head narrower than
the thorax; the prothorax larger than in Pompilus, in the males near¬
ly as long as the rneso- and metathorax combined; the abdomen sessile
and as wide as the thorax.” I have not seen any of the described
North American species belonging to this genus.

1. Ferreola sanguinea.

Ferreola sanguined, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 170, 9.

“ Female . Length 9 lines. — Thorax and abdomen ferruginous; head,
antennae, legs, and three apical segments of the abdomen, black ; the
scape of the antennae ferruginous beneath; wings dark fuscous, the
third submarginal cell narrowed towards the marginal, of the same
width as the second submarginal ; the legs spinose.”

Hub. — “ Georgia.”

2. Ferreola variegata.

Ferreola variegata, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 398, 9 •

“ Female . Length 5 lines. — Black; the head smooth and shining;
the apex of the scape, the basal joint of the flagellum, and the tips of
the mandibles, rufo-piceous. Thorax : the metathorax clothed above
and at the sides with silvery white pubescence ; the coxa) and femora
beneath with a thin ashy pile; the wings subhyaline, the base of the
superior pair, a fascia in the middle, and a second and a broader one
crossing at the marginal cell, dark fuscous. Abdomen : the first seg¬
ment with silvery pubescence above; the third of a pale dull ferrugi¬
nous color ; beneath, thinly covered with ashy pile,”

Hob. — “ Mexico.”

3. Ferreola formosa.

Ferreola formosa, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 399, 9 •

“ Female. Length 7b lines. — Black ; the head above the insertion
of the antennae, and the pro- and mesothorax above, clothed with a rich
fulvo-ferruginous pubescence; the metathorax with silvery-white pu¬
bescence, the base aud apex black; the thorax beneath and the legs
with a silvery-white pubescence; the tibiae and tarsi spinose; wings
subhyaline, mottled and clouded with smoky stains, the apex of the su¬
perior wings pale, as well as the base of the posterior pair; a slightly
yellowish subhyaline band crosses the anterior pair at the first submar¬
ginal cell. Abdomen : the first segment, the base of the second later¬
ally, and the entire under surface with a fine, thin, silvery-white pu¬
bescent pile; the second and sixth segments with an obscure-purple
lustre, the third and fourth with a rich rufo-fulvous pubescence.

134

E. T. CRESSON.

“Ilah. — Oajaca, Mexico.

“This is one of the most beautiful species of the family Pompilidae.
The variety of its coloring, the brightness of the silvery pile that covers
the legs and other portions of the body, and its mottled wings, readily
distinguish it from every known species of the genus.”

Genus NOTOCYPHUS. Smith.

Mr. Smith (Brit. Mas. Cat. llym. iii, p. 172) gives the following-
characters for this genus : —

“ Head as wide as the thorax; eyes large, lateral and ovate; ocelli
three, in a triangle on the vertex; antennae convolute at their apex;
the clypeus short and transverse ; the labrum elongate and produced.
The prothorax subelongate, the metathorax elongate; the thorax is
rounded anteriorly, and truncate posteriorly. Wings narrower than in
Figure 12. the genus Pompilus ; the anterior pair [see Fig.

12] having one marginal and three submarginal
cells; the second submarginal cell oblique, and

receiving the first recurrent nervure towards its base ; the third sub¬
marginal cell about the same length as the second, much narrowed to¬
wards the marginal. Abdomen sessile, acuminate at its apex.”

Three species are described from Brazil and two from Mexico. I
have not met with any of them.

1. Notocyphus plagiatus. ,

Notocyphus plagiatus, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 398, 9 •

'■■Female. Length 1 inch. — Black; the abdomen with a fine,
changeable, silky lustre; the head above the insertion of the antennae
and a broad longitudinal stripe on the pro- and mesothorax, the scutel-
luin and post-scutellum, blood-red ; the labrum oblong, narrowed to¬
wards its anterior margin, which is transverse; the wings very dark
brown, with a slight violet iridescence ; the legs elongate, very slightly
spinose; the claws bifid.”

Iiab. — “Mexico.”

2. Notocyphus albopictus.

Notocyphus albopictus, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 398, % .

“ Male. Length 4 2 lines. — Black, the inner orbits of the eyes, not
extending to their summit, the posterior margin of the prothorax, a
spot on the scutellum and another on the postscutellum, the apical an¬
gles of the metathorax, and the basal half of the third segment of the
abdomen, white; the anterior tarsi rufo-testaceous ; the body covered
with a thin cinereous pile ; the wings hyaline, the apical portion of the
superior pair, beyond the second submarginal cell, fuscous.”

Hub. — “ Mexico.”

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

135

Genus PARAPOMPILUS. Smith.

Micropteryx, St. Fat'g., Hym. iii, p. 396. (nee Hubner ).

Mr. Smith says {Brit. Mas. Cat. ITgm. iii, p. 176,) that this “genus
is characterized by having the head compressed, the face forming an
oblique plane, the antennae inserted in deep fossulets on the anterior
part of the face; the prothorax longer than in the true Pump ilus, the
metathorax elongate; the wings inserted about the middle of the tho¬
rax, the anterior pair having one marginal and three submarginal cells.
Abdomen sessile.”

Three species are described from Africa, all of which have abbrevi¬
ated wings, and one from St. Domingo, the wings of which are also
short, reaching only to the tip of the second abdominal segment. I
have, provisionally, placed under the genus Pompilus four species ( pur -
puripennis , Marise , legatus and elegans ,) all of which may properly be¬
long to this genus ; but none of them have abbreviated wings.

Parapompilus Naomi.

Parapompilus Naomi, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hvm. iii, p. 177, £•

“Female. Length 4 — 6 lines. — Black; the anterior legs, pro- and
mesothorax covered with a very short, black, velvety pubescence, which
in certain lights has a rich purple iridescence; the second segment of
the abdomen has a similar clothing, the third segment has two oblique
stripes meeting about the middle of the segment ; the other parts of
the insect, including the legs, densely coated with very short white pu¬
bescence; the metathorax has on each side of its disk a longitudinal
waved carina, extending from the base to the apex ; the anterior wings
hyaline, with a broad, dark, fuscous cloud crossing from the marginal
cell, being of the same width as that cell, and leaving the apex clear;
the wings extending to the apical margin of the second submarginal
segment.”

Ilab. — “St. Domingo.” Not seen.

Genus PLANICEPS, Latr.

Head transversely compressed, wider than the thorax, front flat ;
antennae short and stout, more or less convolute in the 9 ; straight and
thickened in the % ; inserted in fossulets just above the base of the
elypeus. Thorax elongate, the prothorax large, subquadrate, flattened
above in 9 ; mesothorax and scutcllum also flat¬
tened in 9 ; metathorax moderately short. Wings
inserted in the middle at the sides of the thorax;
the anterior pair (Fig. 13) with one marginal and two submarginal
cells; the marginal cell small, sublanceolate ; the first submarginal

13G

E. T. CRESSON.

elongate, more than twice as long as the second, which is large, sub-
quadrate, both side uervures slightly narrowed towards the margi¬
nal, and receiving the first recurrent at about the middle; the second
recurrent nervure joins the cubital nervure a little beyond the tip of
the second submarginal cell. Legs short and stout, more or less spi-
nose ; anterior femora (9) much swollen. Abdomen subsessile, long
and robust in 9 , the apex generally incurved and subcompressed.

The form of the head and prothorax of the females of the genus
closely resembles that of Pompilus ? purpuripennis , and three other
species which I have doubtiugly referred to Pompilus.

1. Planiceps niger, n. sp.

Female. — Entirely black, with a very faint violaceous reflection ;
tips of mandibles rufo-testaceous ; posterior margin of the prothorax
nearly straight across or truncate; metathorax abrupt on the sides and
behind, with a finely impressed line down the middle; legs beneath,
especially the coxae, brownish sericeous; anterior wings fuliginous,
with a violaceous reflection, the apical margin darker; posterior wings
subhyaline, dusky at tips. Length 6 lines.

I lab. — Connecticut, (Coll. Mr. E. Norton) ; Georgia, (Coll. Am.
Ent. Soc.).

Two 9 specimens.

2. Planiceps collaris.

Planiceps collaris, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 132, 9 •

Female. — Black; anterior and posterior margin of the prothorax,
and the abdomen entirely, ferruginous; wings fusco-hyaline, the ante¬
rior pair with a strong golden reflection. Length 51 lines.

1 lab. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 specimen.

3. Planiceps cubensis, n. sp.

Male. — Black, densely clothed with a pale sericeous pile; anterior
orbits and elypeus silvery; tips of mandibles and the palpi dull testa¬
ceous; antennae short and thickened; posterior margin of the protho¬
rax arcuate, with a broad luteous band ; metathorax and coxae silvery,
the former well impressed down the middle ; wings hyaline, the apical
third fuscous, with a strong golden reflection ; wing- cells as in Fig.
13 ; legs clothed with a dense cinereous pile, rather strongly spinose,
tibiae and tarsi brownish; abdomen narrow, convex, about as long as the
thorax, subcompressed at tip, shining, subsericeous. Length 31 lines.
Hab. — Cuba, (Coll. Dr. J. Guudlach, No. 85).

One % specimen.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

1

4. Planiceps concolor.

Planiceps concolor, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 80.

“ Female . Length 5 lines. — Deep blue, with brilliant reflections in
different positions; mandibles obscurely ferruginous ; antennae black ;
wings beautifully iridescent, the anterior pair dark brown, the poste¬
rior pale fusco-hyaline ; anterior tarsi rufo-testaceous, the intermediate
tibiae and tarsi slightly spinose; abdomen of a smooth, shining, irides¬
cent blue.”

Hab. — “ Mexico.” Not seen.

5. Planiceps notabilis.

Planiceps notabilis, Smith, Journal of Entomology, i, p. 80.

“ Female . Length 7? lines. — Black, subopaque, convex, with a fine,
silky, silvery pile ; that on the vertex and disk of thorax has a purple
iridescence; mandibles obscurely ferruginous at their apex ; scape of
the antennae compressed ; posterior ocelli situated on the posterior mar¬
gin of the vertex; wings very dark and slightly iridescent; intermedi¬
ate and posterior tibiae and tarsi slightly spinose. Abdomen : a large
subovate, yellowish-white spot on each side of the second and third
segments, and a single one at the base of the apical segment.”

1 lab. — “Mexico.” Not seen.

Genus APORUS, Spinola.

“ Head subrotund, a little wider than the thorax; eyes lateral and
ovate; the stemmata in a triangle on the vertex ; the antennae insert¬
ed forward on the face at the base of the clypeus ; the labrum concealed.
Thorax elongate, the prothorax as long as the metathorax; the wings
inserted in the middle at the sides of the thorax; the superior pair [Fig.
Figure 14. 14] with one marginal and two submarginal cells;

\the marginal cell small; the first submarginal
' elongate , twice as long as the second , which is sub-
quadrate , and receives both the recurrent ner cures,
the first at about one-third from its base , the second, uniting with the
second transverse cubital nervure; legs of moderate length, the anterior
tarsi not ciliated. Abdomen elongate-ovate.” — Smith, Catcd. Brit.
Acid. Ilym. p. 78.

Aporus fasciatus.

Aporus fasciatus, Smith, Cat. Ilym. Br. Mus. iii, p. 175.

'■'•Male. Length 4 lines. — Black ; the face covered with short sil¬
very pubescence, the cheeks and the thorax have a similar clothing,
on the pro- and mesothorax it is very thin, but dense on the metatho-
rax, sides, coxae and femora beneath ; wings hyaline, their apical mar¬
gins clouded. Abdomen : the apical margins of the first and three

(IS) juxe, 1867.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

138

E. T. CRESSON.

following segments have fascine of silvery pubescence ; the apical seg¬
ment pale testaceous.”

Hab. — “Warm Springs, South Carolina.” Not seen.

Genus CEEOPALES, Latr.

Head transverse, wider than the thorax, sometimes compressed ; an¬
tennae thickened, not convolute in the 9 > labrum exserted. Thorax
gibbous; scutellum prominent; metathorax short and inclined. Wings
with one marginal and four submarginal cells; marginal cell long,
lanceolate; second submarginal cell generally elongate-quadrate, some¬
times regularly quadrate, receiving the first recurrent nervure beyond
the middle; third submarginal large, much narrowed towards the mar¬
ginal, receiving the second recurrent nervure before the middle ; the
fourth submarginal cell extending to the apex of the wing. Legs stout,
entirely or almost destitute of spines ; posterior legs very long. Abdo¬
men ovate, convex, subsessile.

The species of this genus are distinguished from those of Pompilus
by having the antennae of both sexes porrect and thickened, never con¬
volute, and by having the posterior legs much longer, sometimes dis-
portionately long.

1. Ceropales bipunctata.

Ceropales bipunctata, Say, Long’s Second Exped. ii, p. 334.

Female. — Black, more or less sericeous; anterior orbits not reaching
the summit of the eyes, yellowish-white ; the clypeus with a small
whitish spot on each side, sometimes wanting; antennae as long as the
head and thorax, the basal joiut with a whitish line beneath; one spe¬
cimen has a faint yellowish dot on the post-scutellum; metathorax ab¬
ruptly truncate behind, the posterior angles with a whitish spot ; wings
violaceous-black, paler at tips; legs black, strongly silvery-sericeous,
the posterior femora, except base and apex, rufo-ferruginous ; abdomen
immaculate. Length 5 — 8 lines.

Male. — Closely resembles the 9 > but the face, spot between the an¬
tennae, clypeus, labrum, and two basal joints of the antenna; beueath
are yellow; the posterior orbits have a faint yellowish liue; the poste¬
rior margin of the prothorax has a yellow line, sometimes slightly in¬
terrupted in the middle; two specimens have a yellow spot on the post-
scutellum, and the front tibiae and tarsi are more or less ferruginous;
otherwise like the 9 • Length G lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, New York, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Canada,
(Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr. E. Norton).

Twelve 9 > four % specimens. Easily recognized by the black body
and legs, and red posterior femora.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

130

2. Ceropales nigripes, n. sp.

Female. — Black, opaque, somewhat sericeous; narrow anterior or¬
bits, small spot on each side of the clypeus, and a very narrow, faint
line on the posterior orbits, white ; antennae rather short, not as long
as the head and thorax; post-scutellum with a white spot; extreme
posterior angles of the metathorax with a lunate white spot; wings
blacker than in bipunctata , the violaceous reflection more brilliant ;
legs entirely black, sericeous, especially the coxae beneath ; abdomen
immaculate. Length 7 lines.

Hob. — Dakota Territory, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 specimen. Differs from bipunctata only by the shorter an¬
tennae, and by the legs being entirely black.

3. Ceropales longipes.

Ceropales fasciata, Say, Long’s Second Exped. ii, p. 333, (nec Fabr.)

Ceropales longipes, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Iiym. iii, p. 179, pi. 4, fig. 2.

Ceropales frigicla, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iii, p. ISO.

Female. — Black; clypeus, a spot above, labrum, mandibles, and or¬
bits of the eyes, interrupted on the summit, a spot on the two basal
joints of the antennae beneath, posterior margin of the prothorax, as
well as a spot on each anterior angle, a short longitudinal line on the
disk of the mesothorax, a dot on the scutellum, a spot on each posterior
angle of the metathorax followed by an angular line, and a triangular
spot on each side of the thorax, above the intermediate coxae, all lemon-
yellow; metathorax silvery sericeous in certain lights; wings hyaline,
the tips dusky; legs honey-yellow, posterior pair very long; coxae
black, the two anterior pair yellow in front, the posterior pair honey-
yellow at tips and with an exterior yellow stripe ; tarsi yellow ; extreme
base of the joints of the posterior pair blackish ; abdomen shining,
black, first segment with a rather large yellow spot on each side ; four
following segments each with a waved, transverse line, slightly inter¬
rupted in the middle, and dilated into an ovate spot on each extreme
side, the fascia on the fifth segment is broadest ; sixth segment with a
large yellow spot, nearly occupying the whole segment in one specimen ;
venter immaculate. Length 4 — 5 lines.

Hub. — Florida, (Coll. Mr. E. Norton) ; Illinois, (Coll. Am. Ent.
Soc.).

Two 9 specimens. A very handsome species, easily recognized by
the black body, and honey-yellow legs, the posterior pair of which are
unusually long.

140

E. T. CRESSON.

4. Ceropales Robinsonii, n. sp. (Fig. 15.)

Male. — Black, polished, impunctured ; face silvery; orbits, broader
in front, face, spot above antennae, clypeus, labruin, mandibles and
Figure 15. palpi, lemon-yellow; antennae

longer than usual, thickened
beyond the middle, black, the
three basal joints yellow, tinged
with ferruginous above ; poste¬
rior margin of the prothorax,
as well as a spot on each ante¬
rior angle, a spot on the poste¬
rior middle of the mesothorax,
another ou the scutellum and
post-scutellum, a transverse line
ou each extreme posterior angle
of the metathorax, and a spot
on each side of the thorax just
above the intermediate coxae,
Ceropales Robinsonii, % . all lemon-yellow ; pleura and

metathorax silvery-sericeous, the latter much flattened behind ; wings
hyaline, slightly tinged with yellowish, iridescent; legs honey -yellow,
the posterior pair longer than usual ; the coxae spotted with yellow,
tips of the femora, the anterior tibiae, tips of the intermediate pair and
all the tarsi, yellow; tips of the tarsi, and the incisures of the posterior
pair, blackish ; abdomen honey-yellow, an ovate yellow spot on each
side of the second, third and fourth segments, much larger on the se¬
cond; venter immaculate. Length 4 lines.

Hub. — West Virginia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One S specimen. This is the most elegant species of Ceropales
that I have seen, and it gives me great pleasure to dedicate it to my
kind and generous friend, Coleman T. Robinson, of New York, in
whom American Entomology finds a most liberal patron.

5. Ceropales fraterna.

Ceropales fraterna, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 180, 9 •

Female. — Black ; orbits broad in front and interrupted on the sum¬
mit, clypeus, except a longitudinal black spot in front, and the labrum
lemon-yellow ; antennae robust, rather long, the two basal joints beneath
more or less yellowish ; thorax opaque, with numerous deep punctures;
posterior margin of prothorax, as well as a spot on each anterior angle,
a spot on scutellum, sometimes wanting, a transverse line on post-scu-

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

141

tell uin, a spot on the posterior angles of metathorax, and a spot on
each side of the thorax just above the intermediate coxae, sometimes
wanting, all lemon-yellow ; wings hyaline, sometimes stained with yel¬
lowish, extreme tips dusky; legs black; a stripe on the anterior coxae,
most of the intermediate pair, tips of the posterior pair and an exterior
stripe, tips of all the femora, and the four anterior tibiae exteriorly,
lemon-yellow ; the four anterior tibiae beneath and their tarsi are gene¬
rally pale brownish ; the posterior legs are sometimes entirely brown
or reddish-brown, with the femora not tipped with yellow, and some¬
times their tibiae are more or less yellow at base; posterior legs not
disproportionately long, as in the preceding species; abdomen with a
broad yellow band on each of the four basal segments, that on the first
segment is sometimes more or less interrupted in the middle; fifth and
sixth segments more or less yellow; venter immaculate. Length 3 —
5o lines.

Male. — Closely resembles the 9 j but the clypeus is entirely yellow,
and the first segment of the abdomen has a large ovate spot on each
side, except in one specimen, which has a broad band, constricted and
slightly interrupted in the middle. Length 2 2 — 5 lines.

Halt. — Mass., Conn., N. Y., Petina., West Va., Ills., Colorado Terr.,
(Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. and Mr. E. Norton).

Twelve 9 > six £ specimens. The legs of this species vary much
in color, and the markings of the body are sometimes yellowish-white ;
the abdominal fasciae are generally very broad in the 9 j sometimes
w'avy, and more or less emarginate on each side anteriorly.

6. Ceropales cubensis.

Ceropciles cubensis, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 132, 9 •

Female. — Black; head, thorax and legs silvery-sericeous; orbits,
very broad in front, face beneath antennae, a spot between them, the
clypeus and labruni, pale yellowish; two basal joints of antennae more
or less yellowish beneath; prothorax with a spot on each side, and its
posterior margin, spot on scutellum, and a transverse one on the post-
scutellum, and the extreme posterior angles of the metathorax, pale
yellowish; mesothorax with deep, close punctures; wings hyaline,
dusky at tips; legs ferruginous, the four anterior coxae black, more or
less yellowish beneath ; posterior tarsi very long, fuscous ; basal seg¬
ment of abdomen with a sublunate pale yellowish spot on each side ;
remaining segments each with an apical pale yellowish fascia, very
broad on each extreme side, deeply emarginate anteriorly on each side
of the middle, and more or less dilated on the disk ; the fasciae arc

142

E. T. CRESSON.

sometimes more or less interrupted on tlie middle or on each side.
Length 31 — 4 lines.

Male. — Like the 9 , with the anterior tibiae and tarsi, and base of
the intermediate tarsi, pale yellowish; the coxae are ferruginous, the
two anterior pair yellowish beneath; the fasciae on the second and
third abdominal segments are widely interrupted in the middle.
Length 3| lines.

Ilab. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

Three 9 , and one £ , specimens examined.

7. Ceropales clypeata.

Ceropales clypeatus, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 133, 9-

Female. — "Black; clypeus, except a black central spot, the palpi,
posterior margin of prothorax, and tegulae, yellowish white; basal joint
of antennae ferruginous beneath; wings whitish-hyaline, with a small,
pale fuscous cloud near the apex; legs ferruginous, posterior tarsi fus¬
cous, tibial spurs white; abdomen piceous-black, immaculate, the basal
segment tinged with obscure ferruginous. Length 3 lines.

Ilab. — Cuba, (Coll. Dr. J. Gundlach). One 9 specimen.

8. Ceropales agilis.

Ceropales agilis, Smith, Journal of Entomology, ii, 269, 9 •

“ Female. Length 3| lines. — Black; inner orbits of the eyes, sides
of the clypeus broadly, and outer orbits of the eyes narrowly, white;
a line on the scape in front, and basal joint of flagellum in front, white;
head punctured before the ocelli, being smooth and shining behind ;
posterior margin of prothorax, tubercles, spot on scutellum, post-scutel-
lum, and posterior lateral angles of metathorax, white ; mesothorax
with scattered punctures, its anterior margin with a series of very
short, fine striae ; sides of metathorax with silvery pile ; legs ferrugi¬
nous, posterior pair elongate; coxae black; apical joints of intermedi¬
ate and posterior tarsi fuscous; wings hyaline, nervures black ; abdo¬
men ferruginous, with the base fuscous above.”

Hub. — “ Mexico.” Not seen.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

143

Genus MYGNIMIA. Smith.

For this genus, Mr. Smith (Brit. Mu. s. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 182) gives
the following characters: “The superior wings [Fig. 16] with one
Figure 16. elongate marginal cell and three

submarginal cells; the first re¬
current nervure uniting with the
second transverso-cubital ner¬
vure ; the second recurrent ner¬
vure entering the third submar¬
ginal cell about one-third from its base ; the legs strongly serrate or
spinose, the claws having a tooth beneath more or less developed, in
some species as stout as the claws themselves.” All the species de¬
scribed are from the Old World, except the following : —

1. Mygnimia mexicana, n. sp.

Female. — Large, deep black, without any violaceous or purplish re¬
flection ; head and thorax opaque, abdomen shining ; antennae pale-
yellowish, the scape and base of flagellum, black; wings deep bright-
yellow, the anterior pair tinged with bright ferruginous; the extreme
apex of both wings fuliginous ; metathorax transversely rugose, trun¬
cate behind. Length 10 — 12] lines.

Hab. — Vera Cruz, Mexico, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc., from Mr. Chas.
Sartorius).

Four 9 specimens. Differ from the description, given below, of ustu-
lata by the much larger size, by the color nut beiug violaceous-black,
and b}r the yellow antennae.

2. Mygnimia ustulata.

Hernipepsis ustulata, Dahlb., Hym. Eur. i, p. 123.

Mygnimia ustulata, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 189.

“ Female. — Medium (f inch long), violaceous-black; wings fulvous,
somewhat golden, base and apex dark fuliginous.”

Hab. — “Mexico.” Not seen.

Genus PEPSIS, Fabr.

This genus is characterized by having the wing-cells arranged as
in Fig. 17. The antennae are convolute in the 9; long, porrect and

incrassate in the % ; the four pos¬
terior tibiae are serrated in the 9 ,
simple in the £ , which have the
posterior legs very long in propor¬
tion to the two anterior pairs, and
have the joints of their tarsi flat.
The species are of large size, and most of them are very handsome.

144

E. T. CRESSON.

(From the United States.)

1. Pepsis formosa.

Po mpilus formosus, Say, West. Quar. Rep. ii, p. 76 : American Entomology,
Plate 42.

Female. — Black, with a bluish or greenish reflection ; clypeus arcu¬
ate in front; antennae black, sericeous; metathorax abruptly truncate
behind, the verge of the truncation strongly carinate, the disk above
transversely striated, with a shallow channel down the middle, and a
longitudinal carina on each side, just before the stigmata; wings bright
fiery fulvous, the apical margins paler, the extreme base black ; abdo¬
men shining, with a very strong blue or violet reflection ; apex hairy.
Length 13 — 18 lines.

Hub. — Texas, California, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

Two 9 specimens.

2. Pepsis dubitata. n. sp.

Female. — Velvety-black, with a more or less brilliant purple reflec¬
tion, less obvious on the head and thorax; antennae orange-yellow, the
two basal joints black; metathorax transversely striated ; wings uni¬
formly black, violaceous, the extreme tip slightly paler. Length 13
lines.

Male. — More slender than the 9 , with the purple reflection more
uniform over the body; antennae long and thick; abdomen entirely
black, with the purple or violet reflection more brilliant than on the
rest of the body. Length 10 lines.

Bab. — Georgia, (Coll. Am. Ent, Soc.).

One 9 , four % specimens. This may be identical with degam,
but none of the £ specimens have the slightest indication of reddish
margins to their segments.

3. Pepsis elegans.

Pepsis elegans, St. Farg., Hym. iii, p. 489, % . Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hyra.
iii, p. 201, 9.

Male. — Antennae thick, yellow; the two basal joints black; head
and thorax black, without any reflection; disk of the metathorax with
a few transverse striae; abdomen bluish-black, covered with a short,
dense bluish-black pubescence ; posterior margin of the second, third,
fourth, fifth and sixth segments narrowly ferruginous ; legs black, with
black hairs; wings black, violaceous, the posterior margin paler. — St.
Fa rgeau.

The female is similarly colored to the male, but is usually more bril¬
liant in color, the abdomen being sometimes of a rich purple, owing to
the beautiful iridescence of the short pubescence or pile which clothes
it; the red margin of the abdominal segments of the male, as described

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

145

by St. Fargeau, is attributable to the iridescence of the pile, and is
most observable in sunlight. — Smith.

Hah. — “ Pennsylvania ; Georgia.” Not seen.

4. Pepsis cyanea.

Sphex cyanea ? Linn., Amoen. Acad, vi, p. 412; Syst. Nat. i, p. 941.

Pepsis cyanea, Fabr., Ent. Syst. ii, p. 201; Syst. Piez. p. 211. Beauv., Ins.
Afriq. et Amer. p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 3.

“Body, antennae and legs nigro-cyaneous ; abdomen and wings blue,
apex fuscous, somewhat pale.”

Hah. — “ United States.” — (Beauv.).

Not seen.

5. Pepsis luteicornis-

Pepsis luteicornis, Fabr., Syst. Piez. p. 214. Beauv., Ins. p. 39, pi. 1, fig. 5.
St. Farg., Ilvin. iii, p. 481.

“ Female . — Black; antennae yellow, the two basal segments black ;
disk of metathorax transversely striated ; abdomen black, opaque ;
wings black, opaque, without any reflection. Length 14 lines.” — (St.
Fargeau .)

Hah. — “ South Carolina.” — (Beauv.)

Not seen. This species is generally found in South America, and
the locality given by Beauvois may be erroneous. The color appears
to be black, without any reflections of blue or purple.

(From the West Indies, Mexico and Panama.)

6. Pepsis marginata.

Pepsis marginata, Beauv., Ins. Afriq. et Amer. p. 94, pi. 2, fig. 2, 9 > 3, % .

St. Farg. et Serv. Ency. Meth. x. f>4. St. Farg., Hym. iii,
p. 470. Guer. LaSagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. u. 761. Cresson,
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 133.

Female. — Black, velvety, with a more or less strong violet or purple
reflection over the body and legs; antennae brown sericeous, black at
base; metathorax transversely striated, with a shallow channel down
the middle; wings bright ful vo-ferruginous, somewhat golden, the ex¬
treme base black, and the apical margin of both anterior and posterior
pair fuliginous, violaceous. Length 9 — 23 lines.

Male. — More slender than the female, with the wings more broadly
black at base and at tip. Length 12 — 16 lines.

Hah. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

Five 9 , four % specimens. Easily recognized by the bright golden
ferruginous wings broadly margined with blackish. It varies very
much in size.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

(19)

june, 1867.

146

E. T. C It ESSO N.

7. Pepsis Montezuma.

Pepsin Montezuma, Smit.li, Brit. Mas. Cat. Ilym. iii, p. 109, 9 •

“Female. Length 16 lines. — Black; head, thorax, abdomen and
legs adorned with a rich blue iridescent pile, most vivid on the abdo¬
men ; thorax having shades of metallic-green and black in certaiu
lights; head, thorax and coxae have a scattered, long, loose, black pu¬
bescence; antennae, mandibles and palpi black; metathorax having a
transverse, rugose, waved striation, and a central abbreviated, longitu¬
dinal depression, and on each side at base and apex an obtuse tubercle ;
wings reddish-yellow, having a broad fuscous stain at base, the apical
margins having a paler cloud at their apex, not extending to the third
submarginal cell in width; abdomen of a splendid blue, the pubescence
at the apex black.

“ Male . Length 12 lines. — In color chiefly resembling the female,
but the abdomen is bright violet, and the wings are paler; fourth seg¬
ment of abdomen beneath has on each side a floccus of long curled
hair.”

Hah. — “ Mexico.”

Not seen. It must be very closely allied to manjinata.

K. Pepsis domingensis.

Pepsis Domingensts, St. Farg., Hym. iii, p. 477, £ .

“Male. — Head black, covered with a bluish-black pubescence; an¬
tennae black; thorax black, covered with a bluish-black pubescence;
disk of the metathorax convex; abdomen covered with a bluish-black
pubescence; legs bluish-black; wings ferruginous, their base blackish,
as well as the apex, which is broadly blackish, with a violaceous reflec¬
tion; stigma, costa and tegulae black. Length 15 lines.

/lab. — “St. Domingo.” Not seen. Also closely allied to mar<jinata.
0. Pepsis Sommeri.

Pepsis Sommer i, Dahlb., Hym. Ear. i, p. 465.

Female. — Large, velvety black, with a blue reflection changing to
green when viewed in certain lights; antennas brown-sericeous; disk
of the metathorax transversely striated ; wings ful vo-ferruginous, the
basal third of the anterior pair, the basal half of the posterior pair, and
the apical margins of both pairs, black; legs with a strong blue reflec¬
tion ; abdomen smooth and shining, the blue and green reflections more
brilliant; the head, metathorax and apex of abdomen clothed with
black hairs. Length 21 lines.

I fab, — Vera Cruz, Mexico, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc., from Mr. Chas.
Sartorius).

AMERICAN HYMEN OPT ERA .

117

One 9 specimen. This beautiful species may he at once recognized
by the wings being broadly black at base. It is closely allied to Mon¬
tezuma Smith.

10. Popsis caerulea.

Sphex caerulea, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, p. 947. Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii, p. 219.

Sphex auripennis, DcGeer, Ins. iii, p. 585.

Sphex rubra, Drury, Ins. ii, p. 75, pi. .'!9, fig. 0.

Pepsis caerulea, Fabr., Syst. Picz. p. 214. St. Farg., Ilyrri. iii, p. 475.

Pepsis speciosa, Beauv., Ins. Afric. et Amor. p. 95, pi. 2, fig. 5.

Pepsis caerulea, Smith, Brit. Mas. Cat. Ilym. iii, 190.

“ Female. — Head covered with a bluish-black pubescence, and with
black hairs; antennae black; thorax with bluish-black pubescence;
disk of the metathorax with a longitudinal channel; abdomen with
bluish-black pubescence, the anus with black hairs; legs black, the
hairs bluish-black, the spines black ; wings ferruginous, the tip disco¬
lored, a fuscous cloud before the apex; nervures ferruginous. Length
15 lines.’’ — St. Fargeau.

Halt. — “Mexico, St. Domingo.” Not seen. Distinguished from
margvnata by having the tips of the wings elear.

11. Pepsis sulphureicornis-

Pepsia sulphureicornis, Beauv., Ins. p. 95, pi. 2, fig. 6.

“Blue; antennae pale yellow; wings ferruginous, apex obscure, sub-
fuscous.”

Hub. — “St. Domingo.” Not seen.

12. Pepsis castanea.

Pepsis castanea, Beauv., Ins. p. 95, pi. 2, fig. 4.

11 Black, with a violet reflection ; antennae, except base, tibiae and
tarsi, testaceous; first segment of abdomen with a yellow band; wings
rufous.”

Jfah. — “St. Domingo.” Not seen.

13. Pepsis quadrata.

Pepsis quadrata, St. Farg., Ilym. iii, p. 478,

Male. — Slender, black, with a beautiful, deep blue iridescent pile;
antennae black ; wings black, strongly violaceous, the extreme apex of
the anterior pair hyaline; a large, irregular, ferruginous patch in the
middle of each anterior wing, and a dot of the same color in the costal
middle of the posterior pair; legs blue-black; abdomen slender, sub-
petiolate, blue-black. Length 9| lines.

Hah. — Island of St. Thomas, (Coll. Mr. E. Norton).

One % specimen. This is a beautiful and easily recognized species.

148

E. T. CRESSON.

14. Pepsis ignicornis.

Pepsis ignicornis, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., iv, p. 1.34. 'J, .

Male. — Black ; abdomen •with a purple-blue reflection ; antennae,
except extreme base, fulvo-ferruginous ; wings blackish-violaceous,
with a large, irregular ferruginous mark about the costal middle.
Leugth 9! lines.

Hah. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One $ specimen. Besembles quadrata , but is distinct by the yel¬
low antennae and by the apex of the wing not being clear.

15. Pepsis ruficornis.

Sphex ruficornis, Fabr., Ent. Syst. ii, p. 219.

Pepsis ruficornis, Fabr., Syst. Piez. p. 215. Beauv., Ins. p. 94, pi. 2, fig. 1.

St. Farg. and Serv., Ency. Meth. x, p. 94. Dahlb., Hym.
Eur. i, p. 119. St. Farg., Hym. iii, p. 4S0. Cresson, Proc.
Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 134.

S 9 . — Black, with a very brilliant purple or violet reflection over
the body, legs and wings ; antennae bright orange-yellow, the two ba¬
sal joints black ; metathorax transversely striated, with a finely im¬
pressed channel down the middle ; wings uniformly blackish-fuscous,
with a very brilliant purple or violet reflection. Length 7 — 14 lines.
Hah. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

Six 9 ; seven $ specimens.

16. Pepsis ornafca.

Pepsis ornata, St. Farg., Hym. iii, p. 486. Guer. LaSagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins.

p. 761. Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 133.

Pepsis terminata, Dahlb., Hym. i, p. 120.

% 9 . — Black, velvety, with a rich purple or violet reflection over
the body, legs and wings ; head and thorax sometimes tinged with
greenish; antennae brown-sericeous, black at base ; metathorax trans¬
versely striated, channeled down the middle and slightly truncate, the
truncation transversely striated ; wings dark fuscous or black, purple
or violaceous, blackish at base and whitish at tip. Length 12 — 24
lines.

Hab. — Cuba, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

Four 9 , five % specimens.

1 7. Pepsis prismatica.

Pepsis prismatica Smith, Brit. Mas. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 200, 'J, .

“Male. Length 10 lines. — Black; antennae of an orange-red, hav¬
ing three or four of the basal and apical joints fuscous; labrum, man¬
dibles and palpi, nigro-fuscous ; the entire insect exhibiting in differ¬
ent lights beautiful prismatic colors, of blue, purple and violet; wings

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

140

nearly black, with a slight blue and green iridescence; metathorax
transversely strigose ; abdomen subpetiolate.”

Hab. — “Mexico.” Not seen.

18. Pepsis amethystina.

Sphex amethystina, Fabr.. Ent. Syst. ii, p. 210.

Pepsis amethystina, Fabr., Syst. Piez. p. 215. Beauv., Ins. p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 2.
“Obscure blue; head, mandibles, antennae and legs black ; abdomen
subsessile.”

llab. — “St. Domingo.”

Not seen. Mr. Smith (Brit. Mas. Cat. Hym. iii, p. 199) gives the
above first two references also to a Pompilus amethystinus from Brazil,
(ib. p. 148).

19. Pepsis saphirus.

Pepsis saphirus, Beauv., Ins. p. 39, pi. 1. fig. 4.

“ Blue, antennae yellow.”

Hob. — “St. Domingo.” Not seen.

20. Pepsis obscura.

Pepsis obscura, St. Farg.. Hym. iii, p. 490. Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London,
3d series, i, p. 36.

“ Female . — Antennae black, [tips yellow — Smith]; head and thorax
bluish-black, changing to green on the latter; scutellum strongly elevat¬
ed ; disk of metathorax transversely striated, with a medial impressed
line terminated by a transverse carina ; abdomen bluish-black, chang¬
ing to green; legs bluish-black ; wings black, violaceous.”

“Male. — All the parts violaceous-black, changing to obscure green ;
wings with a golden-green reflection ; remainder as in the female.”
llab. — “Panama.” — (Smith.') Not seen.

Since the description of Aporus fasciatus S , given above on page
187, was printed, I have discovered what seems to be the female of
that species, the characters of which may be thus enumerated :

Aporus fasciatus, Smith.

Female. — Black, smooth and shining; face, clypeus, base of mandi¬
bles, cheeks and occiput, covered with a dense silvery pile; tips of
mandibles brownish; antennae short, black, the scape silvery beneath;
prothorax, mesothorax behind, scutellum, metathorax, and the whole
thorax on the sides and beneath, covered with a dense silvery pile ; a
transverse black band on the posterior submargin of the prothorax, the

150

E. T. CRESSON.

posterior margin of which is slightly arcuate, nearly transverse; meta-
thorax smooth and subconvex above, broadly emarginate behind, leav¬
ing the posterior angles prominent and subacute; wings hyaline, the
apical margin of the anterior pair fuliginous; the second submarginal
cell is much longer than that represented in Fig. 14, (which represents
the anterior wing of A. dubius of Europe), being nearly twice longer
than broad, and receives both recurrent nervures, one near the base
and the other near the apex ; the legs covered with silvery pile, the
four posterior tibiae and tarsi strongly spi nose ; abdomen sessile, con¬
vex; first segment entirely silvery; the apical margins of the second,
third, fourth and fifth segments, broadly silvery, and dilated anteriorly
on the middle and sides; apical segment black. Length 41 lines; ex¬
panse of wings 7 lines.

Ilab. — Georgia, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

One 9 specimen.

The following species should follow after Mygnimia ustidata , on
page 143 : — -

3. Mygnimia panamensis, n. sp.

Female. — Dark metallic green; antennae brown, the apical half
pale fulvous ; mandibles black ; palpi blackish ; metathorax opaque
black, with dense, deep, transverse striae, a central channel, and a lon¬
gitudinal elevation on each side behind the stigmata; wings blackish-
fuscous, the apex whitish ; legs black, with bluish-green reflections,
anterior tibiae and tarsi brownish, posterior tibiae serrated on the exte¬
rior edge; abdomen shining, green, with a faint bluish reflection at
base; apical segment brownish, pilose. Length 14 lines.

Hob. — Panama, (Coll. Mr. E. Norton).

One 9 specimen. This may not belong to Mygnimia , as the first
recurrent nervure does not quite unite with the second transverso-cu-
bital nervure.

AMERICAN COLEOrTERA.

151

Description of a new PSEUDOMORPHA from California, with notes on the
Pseudomorphidae.

BY GEO, H. HORN, M. D.

[Communicated June 10th, 1867.]

The species described in the preseut paper was found by myself in
Owen’s Valley, California, on the flowers of the Lupin (Astragalus).
It was subsequently collected by Dr. Cronkhite, Ass’t. Surg. U. S. A.,
in the same region, and this, with other interesting species, sent me
for examination. These insects are not easy to obtain, as they are pro-
vokingly agile. The same fact has been noticed in our eastern species
by Dr. Zimmerman, of Columbia, S. C., who has occasionally seen a
few specimens without being able to catch them.

PSEUDOMORPHA. Kirby.

P. Cronkhitei, elongato-ovalis, modice depressa, brunneo-castanea, nitida,
vix punctata, thorace latitudine duplo longiore, lateribus rotundatis, inargiua-
tis et margine parce fimbriolata, angulis postieis obtusis, elytris subparallelis,
margine parce fimbriata; subtus ferruginea. Long .35.

This species may be readily known by its smoothness, being almost
entirely free from punctures, except near the lateral margin of the
thorax, where but few exist. The thorax is scarcely broader ‘than the
elytra, slightly emarginate in front, truncate behind, sides eiliate with
short hairs, margin broader anteriorly. Elytra impunctured, subpar¬
allel, slightly eiliate. Beneath ferruginous. The third, fourth and
fifth abdominal segments have each a transverse pilose spot uear the
middle, which may indicate sexual differences. The specimens in my
collection, three in number, are all alike and exhibit among themselves
no differences of a sexual nature.

I dedicate the species with great pleasure to Dr. Cronkhite, whose
liberality has aided me greatly in the study of the Coleoptera of Cali¬
fornia and Oregou. The discovery of a species of this genus in Cali¬
fornia is remarkable and adds another fact to the already inexplicable
law of distribution of genera in Australia, South America and Cali¬
fornia.

There is no group among the Carabidoe, as at present recognized,
presenting so many anomalies as that to which this insect belongs j

152

GEO. n. HORN, M. H.

consequently diverse opinions have been expressed regarding its sys¬
tematic position. The most striking peculiarity at first sight is their
form. They resemble anything else but Geodephagous Adephaga,
while on the contrary, without an examination of the legs, any of the
species of Sphallomorpha or Sitphomorpha would be considered aqua¬
tic entomophaga related to Gyrinus. This similarity has been adverted
to by Westwood ( Trans . Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 409), in an interesting
paper on relations between various families and orders of insects, in
which several new genera and species were described, and those of a
form still more removed from the type of Carabidae than Pseudomorpha.
Adelotopus is, however, the most abnormal, not oidy in form but also
in structure as seen notably in the antennae. The idea that these in¬
sects should constitute a family apart of equal value with Carabidae,
Dytiscidae and Gyriuidae, has been put forward by Mr. E. Newman,
(Entomologist, p. 365, et seq.) without stating any special characters,
mentioning only that, as Pseudomorpha is the first genus described,
its characters should be those of the proposed family. Westwood, La-
cordaire and others dissent from the opinion of Newman, and prefer to
retain the Pseudomorphidae among the Carabidae as a tribe, though
equally out of place wherever it may be interpolated.

Certain peculiarities in these insects have been pointed out by Dr.
LeConte (Class. Coleop. W. A. p. 15), which. appear to have been
overlooked by the European writers such as the form and position of
the eyes and the form of the posterior coxae. The eyes are more or
less irregular in outline, either truncate on one side or angulated.
They are really confined to the upper side of the head • for the mar¬
gin of the head appears to dip down under the eye and form a floor
to the eve. The margin of this plate is at times thickened, as in Ade¬
lotopus, and appears to be a canthus dividing the eyes into two, as in
Gyrinus. The error of considering the eyes double is still further
aided by the smoothness of this portion of the head under the eyes.
Lacordaire allowed himself to fall into the error of describing the eyes
of Adelotopus as being divided into two by a slender canthus.

The posterior coxae show considerable divergence from the true Ca-
rabideous type, being contiguous on the median line and of a form
more nearly resembling the Dytiscidae. The articular lobe is narrow,
and the points with which the thighs are articulated are at the tips of
these lobes, and more nearly approximated than in the Carabidae. In
the Carabidae the articular lobe is broader, and permits the femoral ar¬
ticulation rather externally than at the tips.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA.

153

The very narrow separation of the middle coxae, and the connate
men turn and gula, are characters not without some value in the isola¬
tion of the Pseudomorphidae as a separate family. The narrow sepa¬
ration of the middle coxae is not however a constant character in this
family. In the species just described these coxae are as widely sepa¬
rated as in many species of Platynus.

The form of the antennae of Adelotopm , and the number of abdomi¬
nal segments in Hydroporomorplia, though very anomalous characters,
cannot assist materially in the establishment of the family, each cha¬
racter being found singly in the genera named. The principal charac¬
ter, therefore, will be fouud in the contiguity of the posterior coxae,
and the consequent separation of the metasternum from the abdominal
segments.

The relationships of the Pseudomorphidae with the Carabidae and
Dytiscidae may be thus tabulated : —

Legs cursorial.

Metasternum attaining the abdomen; hind coxae separated.

Antennae inserted on the front . Cicindelidae.

Antennae inserted under the margin of the front. . Carabidae.

Metasternum not attaining the abdomen; hind coxae con¬
tiguous.

Metasternal parapleurse attaining the abdomen . Pseudomorphidae.

Metasternal parapleurse not attaining the abdomen. ..Amphizoidae.
Legs natatorial.

Eyes two; antennae filiform . Dytiscidae.

Eyes four; antennae irregular . Gyrinidae.

From the above table it will be seen that the Pseudomorphidae form
a link from the Carabidae through Amphizoidae to the Pytiscidae, with
undoubted tendencies toward the Gyrinidae, and by their removal from
the Carabidae tend to render that great family more homogeneous.

The Pseudomorphidae are contained at present in five genera, and
may be arranged as follows : —

Head horizontal; mouth anterior; antennse filiform.

Without antennal grooves . Pseudomorpha.

With antennal grooves.

Mentum entire ; ventral segments four . Hydroporomorpha.

Mentum emarginate; ventral segments six.

Posterior angles of prothorax distinct . Sphallomorpha.

Posterior angles of prothorax rounded . Silphomorpha.

Head deflexed, front very convex ; mouth inferior ; antennce

clavate . '. . Adelotopus.

In the monographic notice of these insects, (Rev. et Map. Zool. 1853,
p. 395), Westwood unites the first, third and fourth genera, without as-

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. (20) JULY, 1867.

154

GEO. II. HORX, M. D.

signing any reason, at the same time describing new species which should
not be iucluded in Pseudomorpha. The two genera, Silphomorpha
and Sphallomorpha , can hardly be considered as distinct, the charac¬
ters separating them being hardly of more value than as a means of
defining generic groups. The wdiole subject has yet need of a revision,
and it is to be hoped that those entomologists who have a full series of
species accessible will determine their synonomy, and relieve them from
the partial confusion in which they are at present found.

The habits of these insects are remarkable. Both our North Ameri¬
can species live on flowers, and are very agile, while that from South
America and those of Australia appear to live under bark.

For an opportunity of examining a small series of these insects, I
am indebted to Dr. Leconte, to whom all the species in the Cambridge
Museum were sent by Prof. Agassiz for study and identification.

On AMPHIZOA INSOLENS, Leconte.

BY GEO. II. IIORX, M. D.

It is not expected that anything new will he written in the present
paper, as the insect has been fully described by Dr. Leconte, ( Proc .
Acad, vi, p. 227.) and its systematic position ably discussed, while Dr.
Schaum ( Insecten Deutschland s') reviews the work and expresses a dif¬
ferent opinion regarding its relationships. As it is very desirable to
have all difficulties removed and differences of opinion adjusted, it has
been thought advisable to present the subject anew to systematists, in
order that the end may be reached. With this view, wood-cuts, care¬
fully drawn, have been prepared, to illustrate the various external
parts.

As the habits of this insect have been fully exposed ( Proc . Ent. Soc.
Phil., Vol. vi, p. 289), it will be unnecessary to reiterate in the pre¬
sent paper, except to state that they live as do the Parnidae, adhering
to stones under running water. They are entirely sub-aquatic, and
have never been found on land. It was my good fortune to capture a
fine series of this insect while traveling in north-eastern California,
among the streams tributary to Pit Iliver, itself the larger fork of the
Sacramento. Though still a rare insect in collections, it has been

AMERICAN COEEOPTERA.

155

thought desirable and advantageous to science to dissect a few speci¬
mens so that better illustrations could be presented, and its external
a • anatomy fully exposed. In the views of the un¬

der side the sutures have been more distinctly
drawn than they can be seen in cabinet spe¬
cimens. These sutures have been rendered thus
distinct by macerating the insect in a solution of
caustic potassa, a means so well known to Micro-
scopists as to need no further comment.

The accompanying outline view (o) will serve
to give an idea of the general configuration of
the insect. An excellent figure, illustrative of
the sculpture, and from which the above outline was copied, may be
found in Vol. ix, of the Pacific Rail Road Explorations and Surveys.

Head broad, wider behind the eyes, with a broad longitudinal im¬
pression each side, epistoma truncate.

Eyes small, round and finely granulate.

b- Antennse (b) eleven-jointed, inserted under the

margin of the front, rather above the base of
mandibles, in a manner similar to Loricera,
glabrous, sparsely punctured on the upper sur¬
face, the terminal three joints smooth, entirely destitute of
sculpture.

Labrum (c) transverse, faintly trilobed in front.

, — ~ Mandibles ( d ) short, obtuse, with a few small teeth and a

\ J slight brush of hair on the inner face.

Maxillse (e) entirely corneous, inner lobe with a slight emargina-
e. tion internally, and ciliate with spinose hairs in front of
and behind the emargination. External lobe corneous not
bi-articulate. This lobe appears at all times to be articu¬
lated beneath the inner lobe, so that from a view in front
the insect appears to have double maxillae.

Maxillary palpi short, four-jointed, the first joint very
small, the second and third longer and equal, the last joint equal to the
two preceding together, and thicker.

/• Ligida (/) quadrate, filling the emargination of the

mentum, broader than long, ciliate on its margins, and
Pbfjy* without paraglossae. Under surface with a Y-shaped
elevated line.

Labial palpi short, three-jointed, supports prominent, first and se-

m

a.

156

GEO. II. HORN, M. D.

cond joints small, terminal equal to the two preceding. In the accom¬
panying cut the palpi are pushed farther back than in nature, in order
that the individual parts might be better represented.

Mentum (j/) large, connate with the gula without trace of suture,
9- entirely concealing the parts of the mouth abo^e. deeply emar-
/ U'A ginate, with a broad tooth at the bottom of the emargiuatiou,
V J lobes obtusely rounded. Lateral sutures of gula distinct.

1 — I In his work on the genera of Coleoptera, Lacordaire commits

the curious mistake of ascribing a totally different form to the ligula
from that indicated by the above description; he says, “ languette en
forme de T.” This mistake originated from a misinterpretation of the
meaning of Dr. Leconte, (PVoc. ^4c. 1. c.) in the first description of
the insect, as follows : — “ The ligula is large, filling the emargination
of the chin, truncate at tip and prominent along the middle and apex,
so as to present a form like the letter T.” The inner lobes of the
maxillae are ciliate internally, and not as Lacordaire says, “ lobe interne
des machoires non cilie.” The above-named author had, however, no
opportunity of examining the insect, as no specimens had been sent
abroad at the time the above extracts were written.

In the above descriptions of the head and parts of the mouth, hard¬
ly anything can be found in which this insect differs from the Oarabi-
dae. The large size of the mentum is remarkable, also the absence of
the gular suture, a character found only in a few Pseudomorphides and
Siagonides,* the former being, however, insects of a very anomalous
form, and whose claim to rank as members of the family Carabidae has
been doubted by various entomologists. In Metrius more particularly,
and in other Carabidae, the mentum is large, broad, and deeply ernar-
ginate, though never so entirely biding all the parts above it, as in
Amphizoa. The antennae are also anomalous in being entirely glab¬
rous, without pubescence, and only a few punctures ou their upper
surface.

Prothorax narrower than the elytra and in close contact with them,
nearly twice as broad as long, narrower before than behind, sides ob-

* The form of mentum among these insects is very similar to that seen in
A mphizoa > particularly that of Enceladus, where the suture is entirely obliterated.
In fact, its mentum might well represent an enlarged view of that of Amphizoa,
excepting in the form of the tooth at the bottom of the excavation. Notwith¬
standing its large size in the Siagonides and Ditomides, the mentum never
hides so completely the other- parts of the mbuth, as in Amphizoa. The man¬
dibles are very prominent in the two tribes mentioned above, and in Enccladus
recalling the form met with among the Scaritides, particularly Pasimachus.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA.

157

tusely rounded. Anteriorly emarginate, posteriorly sinuate, with the
angles distinct. Above with a longitudinal impressed line, with vague
impressions laterally.

Prosternum (7i, front view; i, side view) prolonged, behind the
z'. coxae broader and flattened, received in an excavation of

the mesosternum, meeting the prolongation of the meta¬
sternum between the middle coxae.

Coxal cavities rounded, open behind closed in front by the sternum
and epimera, completed behind by the sternum of the mesothorax.
Mesosternum short, separating the middle coxae, concealed at its

middle by the prolongation of the prosternum, side pieces
diagonally divided, the epimera alone attaining the coxae.

Coxal cavities rounded, closed in front by the sternum,
laterally by the epimera of the mesothorax and the epi-
steruum of the metathorax, and behind by the meta¬
sternum.

/■ l-i

2- 4

3 — V

4 -

S —
6’ —

Metasternum broad, truncate posteriorly, side pieces simple, consist¬
ing of the episterna alone.

Coxae broad, separated from the metathorax by a nearly straight su¬
ture, contiguous in the middle and attaining the margin of the body,
cutting off all contact between the metathoracic parapleurae and the
abdomen.

Abdomen with six ventral segments, the anterior three connate.
The first segment is entirely lateral and the second in contact with the
coxre at its middle. The second, third and sixth segments are much
longer than the others.

Elytra oval, moderately convex, slightly flattened at the sides, hu¬
meri rounded. Epipleural fold broad anteriorly, suddenly narrowing-
opposite the hind coxae and not reaching the apex of the elytron.
Scutellum moderate, triangular. Under wings well developed, though
probably never used, as the elytra are in close contact and, it is proba¬
ble, totally inseparable by the action of the insect.

Legs slender, femora slightly thickened, tibiae with two small termi¬
nal spurs. Front and middle tarsi with the first four joints small, sub¬

equal, the terminal joint longer. Posterior tarsi with the first

and last joints longer, the intermediate short and equal. Claws

small, simple. The joints of the tarsi are rounded beneath,

and have (excepting the last joint) a small pubescent spot on

each side.

The characters, as above given, drawn from the lower portion of the

158

GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

body, present but little of special importance, excepting the large size
of the posterior coxae, their contiguity on the median line, and the
straight line separating them from the metasternum. It is curious
that another error should have crept into the copied description of La-
eordaire,as lie states that these coxae arc not contiguous on the median
line of the body.

There would seem to be but little doubt that this insect should oc¬
cupy the systematic position assigned it by Dr. Leconte, although two
eminent entomologists have, the one (Dr. Schaum) called it an aber¬
rant Carabide, the other (Prof. Lacordaire) assigned it a position
among the Dytiscidae, in a subfamily of equal value to Haliplidae and
Pelobiidae. Both opinions appear untenable by a review of the cha¬
racters above given.

With the Dytiscidae, Amphizoa has but little in common, excepting
the large size of the posterior coxae. The parts of the mouth, as stated
by Schaum, have but little analogy to those of Dytiscidae. The broad
posterior coxae separate it very easily from the Carabides, while at the
same time, they are bounded anteriorly by a straight line, and cut oft'
entirely the metasternum from the abdomen. It is not, however, on
one character that the separation of Amphizoa from the two named fam¬
ilies must depend. The whole conformation presents anomalies
found singly in aberrant members of either family; but that the con¬
centration of so many should occur in one insect is remarkable. Either
this insect should link the two families into one, or it should form a
family apart. The latter course would, therefore, seem the more ra¬
tional.

Dr. Schaum has seen considerable resemblances to the Tenebrionidae
in its structure. There may be some resemblance in form (as to Xyc-
topetus ) or even in its sculpture. Metrius has also been said to resem¬
ble some of the same family. It is difficult, however, to perceive any
real structural similarities.

The antennae do not resemble those of the Tenebrionidae as Schaum
insists. There is a total absence of pubescence, sensitive pores and
spongy patches, such as are found on the terminal joints in that family.
Here the case is reversed and the terminal joints are entirely smooth
and glabrous. The similarity of the coxa), particularly the posterior,
to those of Tentyria is not very evident.

The sexual distinctions are not well marked, the female is broader
and rather more robust.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA.

159

Notes on the ZOPHERI of the United States.

BY GEO. II. HORN, M. D.

The occurrence of several new species of the genus Zoplierus has
suggested the propriety of bringing into one paper the descriptions of
the other species known from the western parts of our territory.

The form of these insects is so well known as hardly to need any
general description, and so peculiar as to euable them to be distin¬
guished from any other Tenebrionidte. They are all of moderate or
even of large size, elongate, convex, and furnished with a tegument so
hard, as to be with difficulty perforated by the ordinary cabinet pin.

The species from Mexico are whitish above, with elevated subopaque
black spots, varying in size according to the species. Those from our
own country, (excepting nodulosus ), are all black, and readily distin¬
guished by the sculpture of the elytra. The last ventral segment is
also ornamented with tubercles, though not varying sufficiently among
the several species as to be of any value in indicating specific differ¬
ences. This same style of ornamentation obtains in all the Zopheriiii,
and disappears almost entirely in the next group, Usechini. With
one exception ( Jourdanii Salle) all the bicolored species have the
apices of the elytra quadrituberculate, the black species are bitubereu-
late. The apices of the elytra in all the species have a deep groove on
each side, making the suture appear elevated, and bounding the tuber¬
cle on the inner side.

ZOPHERUS, Gray.

Z. nodulosus. elongate, convex. Head black, subopaque, finely and sparsely
punctured, and with a triangular, white occipital spot. Thorax convex, nearly
as broad as long, anteriorly emarginate, with the angles rounded, posteriorly
subtruncate, sides anteriorly scarcely sinuate, posteriorly sinuate and crenu-
late, much narrower behind than before; above white, with a central black
stripe much narrower at its middle, and with a few lateral black spots sparsely
placed. Elytra elliptical, convex, sides moderately rounded, base slightly
emarginate, with the angles distinct; above white, with elevated, smooth,
black spots, arranged as follows; — a sutural row of spots not distinct from each
other, a subsutural row of four or five larger spots, two central rows of four or
five spots each, and a marginal row, a few very small black spots in rows repre¬
senting the stride, of which the rows of larger spots mark the interspaces. Apex
four-tuberculate. Legs black. Beneath black, coarsely punctured, with the
side pieces of the metathorax and the sides of the second and third abdominal
segments white. Length .80 — 1.10 inch.

Soliek, Ann. Ent. Soc. France, Y, 42.

1G0

GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

This species is very abundant in western and south-western Texas,
whence specimens are sent in every collection made. It resembles
closely several Mexican species, though readily distinguished by its
less convex form, and the fewer number and less elevation of the black
tubercles.

Z. concolor, black, moderately shining; head sparsely punctured; thorax
moderately convex, sparsely punctured, sides anteriorly rounded, posteriorly
crenulate, base subtruncate, much narrower than at apex ; elytra elliptical,
sides moderately rounded, base slightly emarginate, humeral angles distinct,
surface deeply wrinkled, forming very convex tubercles, with a tendency to a
longitudinal arrangement; apex of elytra forming two tubercles, separated
from the sutural elevation by a dee]) groove. Beneath black, coarsely and
densely punctured. Length .6 inch.

Leconte, Ann. Lyc. Y, 130.

Found near Santa Fe, New Mexico, by Mr. Fendler. This species
is at present rare in collections, the type being the only one at present
known. Cabinet of Dr. Leconte.

Z. guttulatus, black, subopaque; head very sparsely punctured ; thorax sparse¬
ly punctured, moderately convex, anteriorly emarginate, posterior margin sub¬
truncate; elytra oval, convex; sides rounded, apex bituberculate, tubercles at¬
taining the sutural elevation, groove distinct, surface subopaque, with smooth,
elevated spots arranged in eight or more longitudinal rows; spots more or less
rounded, distinct from each other. Beneath subopaque, sparsely though rather
coarsely punctured. Long .64 — .77 inch.

This pretty species occurs in south-western Texas, whence two speci¬
mens were brought by Mr. E. T. Cresson, and are now in the Collec¬
tion of the American Entomological Society. This may be distin¬
guished very readily from all our other species by the peculiar, almost
sericeous, appearance of the surface above and below, and by the form
and arrangement of the smoother elevated spots. These are more dis¬
tinct than in tristis and more distantly placed, at the same time pre¬
serving a nearly rounded form ; they are less convex than in concolor
and not nearly so glossy. The interspaces are distinct, and deep opaque-
black in color. On comparison with tristis, and which it would be the
more readily confounded by descriptions, the thorax will be found
much less convex, the sides more distinctly angulate, and with compa¬
ratively few punctures on the upper surface. The elytra are more
rounded on the sides and more convex above. The apical groove is
also much shorter. In outline the elytra more nearly resemble those
of concolor. From concolor this species may be distinguished by the
peculiar appearance of its surface, and by the less convex, less shining
elevated spots, and by the distance at which they are placed from each
other.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA.

1G1

Z. tristis, black, subopaque ; head coarsely and sparsely punctured; thorax
slightly longer than tvide, coarsely and sparsely punctured on the disk, more
densely at the sides; sides subangulate before the middle, posteriorly crenulate.
Elytra elliptical, moderately convex, base slightly emarginate, angles distinct,
surface roughened, with slightly elevated, smoother tubercles, on one side of
each a fine puncture, from which arises a minute yellow scale-like hair; apex
of elytra bitubereulate, suture elevated at apex, groove short. Beneath as in
concolor. Length .55 — .85 inch.

Leconte, Ann. Lyc. V, 130.

This species resembles concolor more decidedly than it does any other
species, but may be readily distinguished by the characters above
given. The smooth elevated spots have a stronger tendency to a linear
arrangement, the interspaces are well marked, and the elevations them¬
selves much less convex than in concolor. The humeral angles are
more distinct, and the space between them distinctly broader than the
base of the thorax. The groove at the apex of the elytra is shortened
behind, allowing the tubercles and the sutural elevation to join. In
some specimens there is also a slight longitudinal thoracic impression.

This species is not rare in Arizona. In my sojourn in that region,
eighteen individuals were found. Those captured at Fort Grant lived
under the dead bark of Mesquite, others on the Maricopa desert, were
under the dead trunks of Cereus giganteus, another was found at Yu¬
ma in my tent. A short time since. I received a specimen, from which
the larger measurement was taken, from Mr. Wm. M. Gabb, collected
from near the upper end of the peninsula of Lower California. This
differs in no other particular than size, from the specimens from Yuma
and Arizona.

Z. opacus, black, opaque; head finely and sparsely punctured; thorax longer
than broad, sides moderately rounded in front of the middle, posteriorly crenu¬
late, base subtruncate and narrower than the apex ; above coarsely and densely'
punctured; elytra elliptical, moderately convex, with very fine granular eleva¬
tions arranged in irregular longitudinal series, with a fine puncture at the base
of each granule, from which arises a very short scale-like hair. Apex of elytra
bitubereulate, sutural elevation prolonged, groove deep. Beneath sculptured as
in the two preceding species. Length .85 inch.

This species may be readily distinguished from any others of the
genus known, by the peculiar sculpture of the elytra. The punctures
of the thorax have, in many instances, a slight elevation of their mar¬
gin on one side, giving a granulated appearance to the surface. The
humeral angles of the elytra are less distinct in this than the two pre¬
ceding species, and the bases of the thorax and elytra are equal.

This species is found in Nevada, probably near the southern boun¬
dary. For the specimen in my possession I am indebted to Mr. John
Akhurst, of Brooklyn; another remains in his cabinet.

(21)

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

July y 1867.

162

GEO. II. HORN, M. D.

Through the kindness of Mr. Ulke I have been permitted to exa¬
mine a specimen of this species from his cabinet. It differs from the
type only in being smaller, and with the granules less distinctly marked.
This obliteration of sculpture is probably the result of age in the spe¬
cimen. While at Fort Tejon, California, I had abundant opportunity
of examining the Phlceodes of various ages, and found that while in
those of the present season were sharply sculptured, and the granules
very distinct, those of the preceding seasons were comparatively smooth.
As all these insects live under bark on logs and stumps, it is probable
that the smoothness of some is merely the result of mechanical action.

Z. gracilis, black, shining; head finely and sparsely punctured; thorax fine¬
ly and sparsely punctured, sides subangulate, before the middle slightly sinu¬
ate, posteriorly finely crenulate; base narrow, subtruncate; elytra elongate,
oval, surface very slightly rugose, and with striae of fine, rather distant punc¬
tures, in each of which is a short, scale-like golden hair. Apex bituberculate,
groove broad. Prothorax beneath coarsely and densely punctured. Abdomen
sparsely punctured. Length .63 inch.

This species may be readily distinguished by its slender form and
almost total absence of elytral sculpture. It is more glossy than any
of the already described species. The bases of the thorax and elytra
are nearly equal in width. In all of the preceding species the basal
margin of the thorax is slightly elevated, aud with a slight groove in
front of the elevation ; this totally disappears in the present species.

This species inhabits Arizona, in the neighborhood of Fort Whipple,
where it was collected by Dr. Coues, who placed it at the disposal of
Mr. Ulke, to whom Dr. Leconte is indebted for the only specimen of
this fine species now in his cabinet.

In order to render the species now known, easily determinable, the
following synoptic table is added : —

Elytra quadrituberculate at apex . nodulosus, Solier.

Elytra bituberculate at apex.

Elytra with smooth elevated tubercles.

Tubercles round, very convex, approximate and

shining . concolor, Lee.

Tubercles round, fla ttened, distinct and subopaque.. .guttulatus, Horn.

Tubercles elongate, flattened, moderately shining . tristis, Lee.

Elytra finely granulate . opacus, Horn.

Elytra finely punctured . gracilis, Horn.

AMERICAN COEEOPTERA.

1G3

Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Western SCARABiEIDiE,
with notes on others already known.

BY GEO. IT. HORN, M. D.

PHiEOCHROUS, Casteln.

P 1 Behrensii, elongate-oval, blackish-brown, moderately convex and shin¬
ing. Head paler in front, densely and coarsely punctured. Thorax twice
broader than long, narrowed in front, above moderately convex, sparsely punc¬
tured, anteriorly emarginate, sides margined, moderately rounded, base sinu¬
ate, angles obtuse. Elytra oval, convex, margin slightly thickened, above stri¬
ate, with striae coarsely and closely punctured, interstices slightly convex, with
a single row of minute punctures. Body beneath paler, scarcely punctured.
Femora thickened; anterior tibiae crenulate and with three large teeth on the
outer edge ; middle and posterior tibiae thickened at tip, obliquely truncate, and
with rows of spinose hairs. Length .4 inch. Breadth .22 inch.

I refer to Phseochrons Casteln. ( Silphodes Westvv.) an insect from
California, (in the Cabinet of Henry Ulke, of Washington,) though
not without suspicion, that it may constitute a distinct genus, differing
from the descriptions of Phseochrous by such slight characters, that,
without reference to specimens, I am unwilling to separate it.

The epistoma is broadly truncate, labrum very short, transverse,
slightly emarginate. Mandibles projecting slightly beyond the labrum,
giving the front a bilobed appearance. The antennre are
rrr~r'' •, nearly as in Phseochrous, with the eighth joint very large
'and concave, almost entirely hiding the ninth and tenth
joints, which are much shorter, and are spongy, except
slightly corneous at base ; scutellum moderate, apex rounded.
The four hinder tibiae are rather suddenly thickened at apex
and obliquely truncate, and with three rows of spinous hairs.
The tarsi are somewhat shorter than the tibiae, the last joint longer,
with strongly curved, equal claws.

The discovery of this insect in California is remarkable, as it affords
an analogue of the Hyhosorus of our Eastern States, itself being an
emigrant from Europe. It is indeed possible that the insect just de¬
scribed may have been imported from the East Indies to California,
as the commerce between the two countries has already assumed some
magnitude. I have in my collection also a Cerambycide, found by
Mr. Gabb, in the Coast Range south of San Francisco, undoubtedly
identical with an Australian species, and with the knowledge of the
introduction of this and other insects by transportation in ships, I
have supposed that even P? Behrensii may be really a foreigner to our

164

GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

shores. The species of Phseochrous live on decomposing animal sub¬
stances, and it is possible that, like some Dermestes, it may have found
lodgment aboard ship in material suitable for its subsistence.

I dedicate the species to Dr. Jas. Behrens, of San Francisco, in ac¬
knowledgement of the interest he has shown in the advancement of en¬
tomological science.

DASYDERA, Lee.

D. Cooperi, brassy-green; head densely and coarsely punctured, front sparse¬
ly clothed with erect yellow hairs; thorax subquadrate, sides moderately
rounded, anterior margin truncate, posterior slightly rounded, with the angles
rounded; above coarsely and densely punctured, with suberect yellow hairs
and a slight longitudinal impression. Elytra testaceous, lateral margins con¬
verging strongly, contiguous along the first two-thirds of the suture, then de¬
hiscent, apices moderately rounded, above clothed with short, black, recum¬
bent, bristly hairs, arising from rather densely placed punctures. Beneath
brassy-green; abdomen paler, clothed with yellowish hairs. Antennal club
and tarsal claws testaceous. Length .40 inch.

Readily distinguishable from the other two species of this genus by
the characters above given. The elytra extend to the suture between
the last and penultimate abdominal segments. The lateral tooth of the
anterior tibia is also well marked.

I dedicate this species to Dr. J. G-. Cooper, of Santa Cruz, Califor¬
nia, to whose liberality I am indebted for this and other valuable spe¬
cies. It is from near Sacramento, California.

LICHNANTHE. Burm.

L canina, head obscure, brassy-green, coarsely and confluently punctured,
clothed at the middle with yellow, and laterally with shorter black, suberect
hairs. Thorax brassy-green, slightly broader than long, narrower anteriorly ;
sides very slightly rounded; apex truncate, base feebly rounded, posterior an¬
gles slightly elevated, above coarsely and densely punctured, with yellow erect
hairs. Elytra dark testaceous, with two rows of paler spots; sides slightly
convergent, contiguous along the anterior half of the suture, posteriorly strong¬
ly divergent, apices rounded, above finely and densely punctured with recum¬
bent black hairs. Margin paler, with short yellow hairs. Beneath obscure
brassy-green sparsely clothed with yellow hair; antennal club, tarsi and tip of
abdomen obscure testaceous. Length .48 inch.

Readily distinguishable from our other species by the characters
above given. The epistoma is also strongly margined on the sides.
The front has two elevated lines continuous with the margin of the
epistoma, which converge and meet on a line with the eyes. The por¬
tion of the head thus enclosed is brassy-green and clothed with yellow
hairs, the remainder of the front is covered with shorter black hairs.
The thorax is less coarsely punctured than the head, which appears to
be almost wrinkled transversely.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA.

1G5

The elytra are still more finely punctured, and though somewhat
longer in this species than in vulpina and yet shorter than in lupina ,
they are also more divergent along the suture than in either of the pre¬
ceding species. This species is, without doubt, identical with that
mentioned by Doubleday as having occurred in Oregon, though pro¬
bably considered by him as identical with lupina. Occurs near Fort
Klamath, Oregon. For this interesting addition to our western fauna,
I am indebted to Mr. ffm. M. Gabb, Palaeontologist Cal. Geolog.
Survey, whose kindness in placing his collection at my disposal, has al¬
ready been acknowledged.

ACRATUS, nov. gen.

Head elongate, epistoma trapezoidal, narrower anteriorly, concealing
the parts of mouth beneath, separated from the front by a sinuous im¬
pressed line, anterior edge margined and notched. Labrum small,
transverse, not emarginate. Mandibles short, coriaceous on the inner
margins and ciliate internally at apex. Maxillae elongate, ciliate with
curved spinous hairs at apex. Palpi long, last joint fusiform. Men¬
tion trapezoidal, longer than broad, narrower behind, anterior angles
rounded. Ligula distinct from the mention, coriaceous and deeply
bilobed. Palpi very small, last joint somewhat longer. Antennae ten-
jointed, first and second thick, third — seventh small, eighth — tenth
forming a suboval mass. Abdomen six-jointed, joints, except the last,
connate. Pygidium exposed. Tarsi slender, claws small and divided.
Anterior tibiae tridentate externally, with a small spine internally, mid¬
dle and posterior tibiae bispinose, the hitter broad and triangular, and
with one transverse ridge.

The accompanying wood-cuts represent magnified views of the parts
of the mouth, an antenna, and an anterior leg and one of the tarsal

claws of Acratus. The

magnified in different de¬
grees, as will be seen by

turn and the maxilla ad¬
joining it. In nature the hairs at the tip of the maxilla are even more
curved than represented. Both claws on all the feet are deeply cleft
to within a third of the base, the inferior portion being a fourth shorter
than the superior.

This genus recalls strikingly the characters of Clinaunanthus of the
Sericoidini, and from the description, by which it is alone known to

166

GEO. H. HORN. M. D.

me, resembles it even in specific characters. The connate ventral seg¬
ments, however, forbid its entrance into the group, unless that charac¬
ter should have escaped notice in the genus above named. The anten¬
nae are ten-jointed in the present genus and but nine-jointed in Chnau-
nanthus, though this would hardly warrant generic separation without
the presence of other characters. I place the genus provisionally
among the Onceriui of Leconte, although equally out of place by the
presence of the anterior tibial spine. As in Oncerns and Lasiopus the
abdomen is rather small and the segments connate. The position of
the Oncerini among the Laparostict Melolonthidae, seems somewhat
objectionable, as the spiracles in Oncerns are placed “on the dorsal in-
flexed portion of the ventral segments,” (Lee. Synopsis Melolontldd.se ,
Jour. Acad., 1856,) as in the genuine Melolonthidae, while the connate
abdominal segments of Oncer us, Lasiopus and Acratns is a character
at variance with the Glaphyrini, to which the division of Laparostict
Melolonthidae of Leconte, for the most corresponds. These genera may
form a sub-tribe of Melolonthidae near the Sericoidini, in the position
originally assigned them in the monograph above cited, or Acratus may
be placed among the Chasmatopterides after Chnaunantlius.

A. flavipennis, black, slightly glossy; head black, rather coarsely and dense¬
ly punctured, narrowed in front. Thorax black, broader than long, base and
sides rounded, anteriorly emarginate, less densely punctured than the head;
posterior and lateral margins ciliate with whitish hairs. Head and thorax
with short suberect hair. Elytra yellow-testaceous, oval, sparsely punctured,
and with a short yellow hair arising from each puncture. Mentum with a brush
of yellow erect hair beneath. Feet yellowish. Length .15 — .18 inch.

The under surface of the insect varies in color in different individu¬
als, iu some being entirely black, in others with the abdomen yellow¬
ish.

This insect is found iu tolerable abundance in April, on the flowers
of Larrea mexicana, on the sandy desert east of Antelope peak, and on
the banks of the Gila lliver, Arizona.

PLECTRODES, nov. gen.

Head quadrate. Epistome broad, thickened in front, concave above,
separated from the front by a slightly raised line. Labrum distinct,
emarginate. Mandibles thick, obtuse, not prominent. Maxillae short,
with two or three obtuse teeth at apex. Palpi moderate, first joint
small, last joint longer than second and third together, deeply channel¬
ed on its outer face. Mentum quadrate, concave, sides rounded. Li-
gula short, transverse, connate with the mentum, corneous. Palpi
short, last joint rather larger. Antennae ten-jointed, first joint equal

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA.

1G7

to half the scape, thicker ; second joint transverse; third — seventh
closely connate; eighth — tenth forming an oval mass. Anterior coxae
moderately prominent, prosternum not prolonged. Metathoracic para-
pleurae moderate, epimera triangular. Segments of abdomen distinct,
penultimate joint rather longer. Anterior tibiae tridentate externally,
with a spine on the inner side. Middle and posterior tibiae with a
transverse ridge terminating in a slight spine. Posterior femora thick¬
ened. Tarsi equal to the tibiae. Claws dissimilar, the anterior claw
armed with a long tooth from near the base, posterior claw with a short
slightly emarginate tooth near the base. Penultimate dorsal and ven¬
tral segments connate. Spiracle placed on the middle of the line of
the suture, and connected by a groove with the suture between the py-
gidium and propygidium.

Figures 1 and 2 represent respectively the maxilla and palpus and
the claws of the tarsi of Plectrodes. In the first it will be seen that
the palpus is longer than the maxilla, and with the first joint very

slender as compared with the others.

## - The last joint is oval, slightly curved,

q and with the deep groove mentioned in

Figure 1. Figure 2. the above diagnosis. The second is a re¬

presentation of the tarsal claws of the right anterior tarsus, the claws
are the same, however, on all the feet and in both sexes. The anterior
claw is much larger and with a strong tooth, its outer face is also sili¬
cate in the manner above indicated.

F. pubescens, light testaceous brown, slightly shining, robust, convex above :
head coarsely and densely punctured, with short, yellow, suberect hairs arising
from the punctures. Thorax broader than long, convex, anteriorly emarginate,
posteriorly broadly lobed; sides strongly rounded, coarsely punctured above,
and clothed with suberect yellow hairs. Scutellum moderate, triangular, with
rounded sides. Elytra convex, more finely punctured with very short, recum¬
bent, yellow pubescence. Body beneath clothed with long yellowish-white
hairs ; abdomen with shorter pubescence. Legs slightly fimbriate with hair.
Length .70 — .85 inch.

Occurs rather abundantly at Visalia, California, whence specimens
were seut me by Mr. S. W. Marple. They fly among the oak trees of
that region and are attracted by light at night.

Genus related to Hypotrichia Lee., though without any similarity
whatever of form. The former resembling Tanyproctus somewhat,
while the present genus is almost a counterpart of certain species of
Plectris , in form, color and pubescence. By the peculiar sculpture of
the last joint of the maxillary palpi, these two genera seem to be re¬
lated to the Tanyproctini, though in neither do we find the dilatation

168

GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

of the tarsal joints of the male. The anterior claws of the front and
middle tarsi of Uypotrichia have a broad tooth, free, except at base.
The anterior claw of the posterior tarsi has a slight dilatation at base.

The tribes of Scarabaeidae, in the vicinity of the Sericoidini, have
need of a thorough revision. The position of the last spiracle, whether
in or out of the line of the suture between the penultimate dorsal and
ventral segments, appears to be a character of some value, as also the
presence of a groove leading backwards from the spiracle toward the
last dorsal suture.

The genus is placed provisionally with Uypotrichia among the Seri¬
coidini, with the hope that renewed observations on larger series of ge¬
nera may afford a better clue to its true relationships.

COTALPA, Bunn.

For a long time the only known species of this genus was ranked
among the Areodae, Kirby being the first to indicate generic differ¬
ences. The typical species appear to have an extensive range, being
found over nearly the whole region eastward of a line drawn midway
between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. In 1852
Prof. Haldeman described a second species from Utah; lately Dr. Le¬
conte has made known a third, from a point still farther westward,
New Mexico, and while in San Francisco, during the first few days of
my stay there, I was surprised at receiving a fourth species from the
Southern Coast Range. Subsequently other specimens were collected
near the base of the South-eastern Sierras, again in Owen’s Valley,
and finally along the mountainous region between Temescal and the
Laguna grande, on the road towards Fort Yuma.

C. ursina, bluish-black ; head and thorax coarsely and densely punctured j
thorax convex, sides strongly rounded, narrower anteriorly, base broadly lobed,
elytra broadly oval, brownish testaceous, coarsely punctured. Beneath bluish-
black, tibiae paler. Length .95, 'J, ; .62, £ , inch.

The clypeus is parabolic, slightly margined in front. The head and
thorax are rather densely clothed with suberect yellowish hairs, the
hairs of the elytra are much shorter, recumbent and more sparsely
placed. Beneath the body is also densely clothed with long hairs,
particularly on the sides of the metasternum. The elytra vary some¬
what in color, among the specimens from different localities. Those
from the maritime slope of California are brownish testaceous, those
from the mountain regions of the south-eastern portion of the State
are much lighter in color, while a unique from Owen’s Valley is orange-
red. The first and last regions furnished specimens with much more

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA.

169

pubescence. Those captured by myself near Temescal were almost en¬
tirely deprived of the hair on the thorax and elytra, and are much less
densely and coarsely punctured. I can find no differences to warrant
specific separation among my specimens, though the extremes differ
greatly in size and in sculpture as above indicated.

The genus Cot alp a may be separated into two sections, according as
the metasternum is produced or not between the middle coxae.

Metasternum conical, prominent between the middle coxae.

Thorax scarcely punctured . lanigera, Linn.

Thorax coarsely punctured . puncticollis, Lee.

Metasternum short, obtuse, not produced.

Thorax coarsely not confluently punctured; hairs
yellowish . ursina, Horn.

Thorax coarsely and confluently punctured ; hairs
grey . granicollis, Hald.

In the above table it will be seen that two species have the meta¬
sternum prolonged forward, so as to be distinctly seen between the
middle coxae and even in front of them, this spine being at the same
time in the plane of the rest of the metasternum and without any de¬
pression of its point. In the last two, however, this process is reduced
to a mere tubercle below the plane of the metasternum, and is not at
all prominent, and never projects beyond the coxae. The species of
the first group may be distinguished from those of the second by their
greater convexity, more glossy appearance and less elytral punctuation,
while from each other no other characters are needed than that given
in the table. The epistoma of puncticollis is relatively much longer
and more convex than lanigera. The two species of the second group
resemble each other in form. The thorax of granicollis is, however,
metallic-green and very coarsely and confluently punctured, and clothed
with erect whitish or greyish-white hairs. In ursina the thorax is
much more finely punctured and with the punctures distinct, the hairs
are longer and yellowish • the color of the thorax is bluish-black.

ERRATUM.

Tage 168, line 16, for “appear” read “appears.”

TUAN'S. AMER. ENT. SOC.

(22)

July, 1867.

170

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

■ - o -

Fig. 1. — Fhseochrous Behrensii , Horn. San Francisco, Cal.

Fig. 2. — Acratus Jiavipennis , Horn. Arizona.

Fig. 3. — Lasiopus ferrugineus, Lee. (Synopsis of the Melolonthi-
dae of" U. S.; Jour. Acad. 1856, p. 282.) The ungues of this insect
are simple and the tarsi very much longer than the tibiae. The ante¬
rior tibia is without spine. Antennae nine-jointed, palpi slender. Cly-
peus rounded, concave and subemargiuate at apex. Its surface is mo¬
derately glossy and ferruginous in color, coarsely punctured and with
sparsely placed short hairs, the margin is fringed and the under sur¬
face with longer hairs. Ringgold Barracks, Texas.

Fig. 4. — Oncerus floralis, Lee. (Loc. cit. p. 283.) As in the pre¬
ceding species the anterior tibiae are without spine, the tarsi long and
the femora thickened. Clypeus flattened, parallel, and with a lateral
incisure and transverse suture forming a double clypeus. The claws
are deeply cleft as in Acratus. The head and thorax are shining black,
the elytra brownish testaceous and sparsely clothed with short pale
hairs. Vallicito, California.

Fig. 5. — H/jpotrichia spissipes , Lee. (Class. Col. N. A., 137.)

Fig. 0. — Plectrodes pubescens. Horn. Visalia, Cal.

Fig. 7. — Macropnus crassipes, Horn. (Proc. Acad. 1866, 397.)
Though not mentioned in the preceding Papers, I introduce this in¬
sect for the opportunity afforded of figuring it. A view of its upper
surface hardly affords any difference of outline from the common Areo-
dae, except in being rather more suddenly broader. Honduras.

Fig. 8. — Pseudomorpha Cronkhitei , Horn. Owens’ Valley, Cal.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

171

DESCRIPTIONS OF AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.— No. 2.

BY AUG. R. GROTE and COLEMAN T. ROBINSON.

[Communicated July 8, 1867.]

Family, LYCAENIDAE.

THECLA, Fair.

Thecla lorata, n. s.

Male. — Allied to Thecla falacer, Bdv. and Lee. Head, black; eyes,
circled narrowly with white; antennae, black, annulate with white,
the “club” entirely black. Body, above, black, the longer scales on
thorax and abdomen with a paler somewhat brassy tinge. Beneath,
the abdomen is whitish, the under thoracic squamation is blackish-
grey ; legs mostly whitish, blackish outwardly, subannulate, the tarsi
touched with fuscous inwardly.

Upper surface of wings of a uniform black or blackish, with a sub¬
dued brassy-brown reflection which becomes prominent in certain
lights. An ovate sexual spot on the disc of primaries. Secondaries
with two very unequal tails, as in T. falacer, the lower the longer,
fringed with white. Base of the fringes, from anal angle to the lower
“tail,” white, and at this place is a narrow, white, internal line in one
specimen. Between the “ tails,” the fringes, which elsewhere are dark,
are tipped with white.

Under surface somewhat paler than upper, brownish-black. An ex¬
tra basal common streak, composed of powdery dark blue scales, runs
across both wings ; this is slightly irregular, and is lost inferiorly
among the longer scales which clothe the internal margin of the se¬
condaries. Two short white lines on the disc of primaries enclosing
an incomplete darker shaded spot or space as in allied species. Be¬
yond, an interrupted, extra discal, semilunated white line, narrowly
edged within by blackish scales and preceded by dark iuterspaceal
shadings. An incomplete bluish-white, subparallel, subterminal line,
edged outwardly by blackish scales. Secondaries with two short par¬
allel white lines on the disc, enclosing an analogous space to that on
disc of primaries. An extra discal semilunated and interrupted white
line as on primaries, preceded by dark interspaceal shades; these are
faintly edged within in one specimen by white scales, so that here the
white line may be said to be geminate, enclosing a dark shade; on the
subcostal interspace the series is interrupted, the lines being severed
and brought nearer to the base of the wing, a detached spot is thus

172

GROTE & ROBINSON.

formed as is usual. A subternaiual bluish-white line, forming promi¬
nent lunules on the interspaces inferiorly, edged outwardly with black ;
along anal angle the black scales are followed by a fulvous streak, this
by first white then black scales. Outside of the black scales edging
the subterminal line on the next interspace above, is a patch of pow¬
dery blue scattered scales extending to the external margin ; on the
interspace above is a distinct fulvous crescent, succeeded by black
scales on the margin; the fulvous scales are faintly continued on the
next succeeding interspace, which also shows a few scattered bluish-
white scales. A narrow white line lies directly on the margin.

Expanse, 1.20 inch. Length of body, 0.00 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Virginia !)

We have two individuals before us, apparently both males, and dif¬
fering slightly from one another as noticed, and in that the sexual dis-
cal spot of the primaries is darker than the ground color of' the wing
in one specimen, which at first we regarded as the female. Both agree
in having the common internal line of dark blue atoms, a character
which separates this species at once from T. f'alacer, Godt. sp., and T.
acadica, Edw'ds ., its near allies.

From Thecla CALANUS, Westwood , ( Rustic us armatus Cabin us,
Hiibn., Sml., Thecla Edwardsii, .j. Saund .,) this species is equally dis¬
tinct. Contrary to Boisduval and LeConte, who cite “ Papilio calanus ,
Hiibn.,” as a synomym of T. falacer, Godt., sp., and to Westwood,
who gives precedence to Hiibner’s name, it seems to us that T. calanus
and T. falacer are distinct species, the former to be distinguished by
its slightly greater expanse, its paler more brownish color above, and
by the fulvous marks of the upper surface of secondaries near anal an¬
gle. The remark: “quelquefois prccedee en dedans d’une tache fauve
peu marquee,” Boisd. and Lee., p. 92, would then refer to specimens
of T calanus, erroneously regarded by these Authors as identical with
T. falacer. “ T. calanus” is so referred to by Dr. Morris in the “Sy¬
nopsis,” (p. 95), although still regarded as a synonym of' T. falacer.
In Canada and the New England States, T. falacer and T. acadica
seem to appear together. The latter species is not cited by Mr. Scud-
der, in his very useful Pamphlet on the Butterflies of New England,
but judging by specimens from Cape Cod, which we owe to his kind¬
ness, it is probably regarded as a form of Grodart’s species. It may be
quickly separated from T. falacer, by the extra discal band of the pri- *
maries beneath being composed of a series of rounded, discontinued,
dark or black spots, annulate with white. In T. falacer, as in T. calanus

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

173

and T. lorata, this band is semilunated but interruptedly continuous,
the dark preceding shades are not separated into distinct spots and the
inner line is often wanting. In T. acadica, we have the fulvous spot
on the secondaries above, characterizing also T. calanus, but the greater
size of the latter, its more brownish color, and the form of the extra
discal band, will sufficiently separate the two species. We have the
male T. calanus, from Canada, under the, we believe, unpublished name
of T. Edwards!!, Sound., owing the specimen to the kindness of Mr.
Edwards; our female specimen is from the vicinity of Philadelphia, and
wants the sexual discal mark of the % , is slightly larger but not other¬
wise distinct, though the antennal “ club ” is fulvous beneath, the Cana¬
dian % having it but partially so. Having T. calanus, from Canada and
Pennsylvania, we may expect to meet with it at intermediate points
through the Eastern States. Our specimens of T. falacer are from Cana¬
da, New York and Georgia, while we have T. acadica from Canada, Mas¬
sachusetts and Pennsylvania. T. falacer, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., p. 27G,
may be assumed as a synonym of T. calanus, since, while the “orange-
colored spot’’ of the secondaries above is mentioned, “there are two
rows of spots — bordered on one side only with white” crossing the
wings beneath. This latter character would hardly apply to T. acadi¬
ca, the only other species to be here considered, since the inner extra
discal band is here completely macular ; and though in T. calanus, this
band or “row” of “ dark brown spots” is also, but more faintly, edged
inwardly by a white line, we may assume that this inner edging, al¬
ways fainter, and sometimes wanting ou the primaries, (T. calanus and
T. falacer), always wanting on the primaries and in one specimen on
the secondaries (T. lorata), is not sufficiently constant to afford a spe¬
cific character. While Harris’ T. falacer cannot be referred to Thec-
la falacer, Godt., sp., as illustrated by Boisd. and Lee., it is then prob¬
able that his specimens are to be referred to T. calanus, rather than
tn T. acadica. This latter species is nearer allied to Thecla mellinus,
HYsgic. ( Stri/mon mel., Hiibn., Zutr. ; T. humid!, Harris; T. silenus,
E. Doubl. ; T. favonius^, Bdv. and Lee., pi. 30, figs. 1 — 2, (nec f. 3.);
T. hi/perici, Bdv. and Lee.) in the color of the upper surface of the
wings and general appearance above, than to either of the above-men¬
tioned species or to Thecla favonius, Bdv. and Lee., pi. 30, fig. 3 ( Pa -
pi.lio Favonius, Smith, Abbot Ins. Ga.), which latter we have before
us from Georgia.

174

GROTE & ROBINSON.

Thecla henrici, n. s.

Male and Female. — Size and form of Theda augustus, Kirby.
Above, of a uniform dark brown, shaded diffusely over the nervules of
primaries, ( 9 ,) and on secondaries before anal angle (£ 9 ) with
brighter rusty brown ; in the male these latter show a light brassy re¬
flection. The fringes on the primaries are white, interrupted and en¬
tirely and very narrowly tipped with blackish. On the secondaries,
the fringes are much as on primaries, but more prominently interrupt¬
ed with black at the extremity of the nervules, where also they are
somewhat exerted, especially interiorly, and most prominently so before
anal angle, the latter twisted inwardly, and prominent owing to the
excavation of the internal margin within it; the white color is for
the most part reduced to a narrow basal line. Beneath : the primaries
are of a brighter brown from the base outwardly to the single trans¬
verse line at apical third running over the nervules. The “ veins” are
here obsoletely marked with blackish. The single transverse line is
straight, once inwardly and slightly notched opposite the disc and, uot
attaining internal margin, is discontinued at the last branch of median
nervure. The internal margin, below median nervure, is of a duller
and fainter more obscure brown. Outside of the transverse line, the
wing is paler, being of an obscure ochreous, divided centrally by a faint
light brown shade, and of a similar hue along internal margin inferior-
]y, leaving the lighter color to appear as interspaceal blotches; fringes
as on upper surface. Secondaries with the base of an intense black¬
ish-brown, paler along the costa, and limited outwardly by the median
line; this portion of the wing is sparsely clothed with pale and longer
hairs, except on costal region outwardly. The median line is shaped
as in T. augustus, but is succeeded by white scales. These are very
prominent at the inception of the line on costa, before the first out¬
ward inflection, are obsolete centrally, but again appear, edging the
line externally, before internal margin. Outside the line, the wing is
ochreous brown, (nearly as on primaries outside of the transverse line);
this color is most evident superiorly, inferiorly it is obscured by the
hoary appearance of the wing and obtains here more narrowly. It is
succeeded by an undulating series of semilunate, black, interspaceal
points edged obsoletely inwardly by white scales. Beyond these marks,
the terminal space is apically bright intense brown; below this, the
wing is entirely hoary, somewhat of a lilac hue. There is a narrow,
terminal, interrupted, black line, outside of which the extreme exter¬
nal margin is again entirely clear brownish; fringes much as on upper

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

175

surface. Some white scales linearily arranged within the extra anal
angle on the margin.

Head and body, above, blackish, with longer and sparsely scattered
pale hairs. Antennae, black, prominently annulated with white ; club,
black, tipped with fulvous. Palpi, black, with some longer whitish
hairs beneath. Eyes, very narrowly margined with white behind. Un¬
der thoracic surface and legs at base, clothed with long whitish hair.
Tarsi, testaceous, with lateral white scales; tibiae marked within with
whitish. Abdomen, beneath, obscure whitish.

Expanse , 1.10 inch. Length of body, 0.40 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Maine! to Pennsylvania!)

This species is intermediate between Theda augustus, Kirby , ( T.
august inns , Westw.) and Thecla irus, as illustrated by Boisduval and
LeConte, and is apparently associated geographically with the former.
It differs from T. augustus, in the ornamentation of the wings beneath
and the brighter colored antennal tips. It is smaller than T. irus and,
while resembling it in the ornamentation of the wings beneath, is at
once distinguished by the absence of the inner purplish basal space
circumscribed by the arcuate white line. From Thecla arsace, Bdv.
and Lee., it differs by the markings of both wings beneath; the shape
of the transverse lines is very different, and these are not followed by
white scales in LeConte’s figures, while Thecla henrici has not the
brown discal patch and the series of interspaceal, subterminal, brown
blotches on the secondaries beneath.

To the kindness of Mr. Scudder we owe a specimen of this species,
ticketed as from “Maine” (Smith), which does not differ from a num¬
ber of specimens from the vicinity of Philadelphia, except in that the
secondaries show a very few white scales, very narrowly arranged, edg¬
ing the secondaries linearily along external margin. There is a vari¬
ation in the extent of the brown apical space on the secondaries be¬
neath. In some specimens this is encroached on by the hoary shading
so that it is nearly lost. On the under surface of the primaries the
veins margining the cell are most prominently discolored with blackish.
In the males the brighter shadings of the primaries above are obsolete.
With reference to Thecla augustinus, Westw., ( Thecla augustus, || Kir¬
by), it may be remarked, that Fabricius’ Hesperia augustus , Ent. Syst.,
8, p. 275, will very probably be irrecognizable. The description : —
“II. R.-alis caudatis albis; limbo fusco, subtus ferrugineo fiavoque
variis, posticis strigis duabus cinereis” — refers to a tailed species, and
a reference is made to “ Papilio Augustus, Jon. fig. pict. 0, tab. 3,

176

GROTE & ROBINSON'.

fit*'. 1,” wliile the habitat is given of “America” on Drury’s authority.
The work cited is of very old date and unknown to us; until the spe¬
cies intended is identified, there can be no impropriety in retaining
Kirby’s name for our common species.

Family, BOMBYGIDAE.

Sub-family, Ftilodontinae.*

DASYLOPHIA, Packard.

Dasylophia. interna. Packard. (Plate 4, fig. 31, % .)

Dasylophia interna, Pack., Syn. U. S. Bomhyc., P. E. S. Phil., Vo), iii, p.

363. (Nov., 1864.)

£ . Head, obscure pale ochreous-brown ; the vertical tuft, between
the antennae, mixed with pale scales. Antennae, lengthily bipectinate
for three-fourths of their length from base : the stem, above, dusted
with whitish scales. Labial palpi shaded above with darker scales.
Prothorax, pale brown, edged behind with a black line, as are the te-
gulae within. The brown color fades to pale testaceous cinereous over
the patagia and hind parts of the thorax, while the abdomen, which is
paler beneath, becomes of a more smoky grey above. Legs and tho¬
rax, beneath, pale testaceous cinereous; tarsi, subanuulate with dark
scales.

The anterior wings, within the first median transverse line, are
shaded from the base outwardly with pale, bright brown, this color
leaving the costal region of a contrasted blackish-brown, spreading out¬
wardly as an obliquely limited, widening shade, to the first median
transverse line. This latter is obsolete above the median nervure and
hardly to be detected; below, at the point whence the fourth median
nervulet is thrown oft', the line appears as an inwardly curved, black
streak, within which a second more greatly curved and plainly marked,
which includes superiorly a distinct black spot formed by slightly
raised scales. The space included by the two lines is pale grey. Me¬
dian space, pale grey; nervules longitudinally marked with dark scales.
The transverse posterior (second median) line appears as a pale grey
shade, limiting outwardly the median space. It is preceded by a nar¬
row, faint, dark post-median shade-line, which is coincident and appro¬
ximate with it, especially inferiorly. The t. p. line itself runs down-

* For the sake of conformity we have adopted the Sub-family termination in¬
stead of the usual Ptilodontes, Hub., a term which has priority over that of No-
todoniidae, Steph., and differing but equivalent names proposed by Duponehel
and Herrich-Schaeffer.

j- This nervule is perhaps better designated as the third median.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

177

wardly, and somewhat sinuously outwardly obliquely, until over third
median nervule, whence it is bent inwardly obliquely, being once in¬
wardly dentated on the submedian fold to internal margin. Below
third median nervule it is limited inwardly by a dark coincident line,
which is apt here to become confounded with the median shade-line,
the latter in reality running very faintly and approximately inside of
it. The t. p. line is margined outwardly by a very distinct, bright and
deep brown, oblique streak, which becomes broader on submedian fold
where it is inwardly dentate, coincident with the line itself and the in¬
ner line. There is thus a certain conformity suggested, between the
appearance of the two median lines below median nervule, which is
strengthened by their juxtaposition and the constriction of the median
space at this point. Without the t. p. line the wing is terminally dark
brown, and there is a subterminal zig-zag streak or series of streaks of
a deep brown color, and followed outwardly by pale scales, which is
more or less obsolete, and of which the continued deep brown streak,
margining the t. p. line outwardly inferiorly, is perhaps the terminal
inflection. Within and over internal angle the wing is pale, and shows
a black spot or shade about third median nervule on the margin. The
ashen fringes are here clouded and lined with blackish. Secondaries,
smoky grey, without markings, a little paler at base. Under surface,
smoky grey, the secondaries whitish, without markings on either
pair.

Expanse . % , 1.70 inch. Length of body, 0.80 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Virginia!)

The darker shaded upper surface of the labial palpi, the general
light brown color and the grey median space of the primaries, together
with the more lengthily pectinated antennae — are characters which se¬
parate this species from Dasylophia anguina, Pack., ( Phalaena angui-
na, Smith ; 9 Drymonia cucullifera , H-S.), and which are indicated
in the original description. The typical specimen is from New Hamp¬
shire, and is preserved in Dr. Harris’ Collection, now in possession of
the Boston Society of Natural History.

COELODASYS, Packard.

Coelodasys leptinoides. (Plate 4, fig. 33, % .)

Heterocampa leptinoides, Grote, Proe. Ent. Soc. Phil., Vol. iii, p. 323, Plate
4, fig. 2, 9. (Sept., 1864.)

% . Blackish cinereous, dusted with light grey. Antennae, testa¬
ceous, finely and shortly bipectinate for about two-thirds of their
length from base. Thoracic region, above, faintly stained with viola¬
ceous. Tegulae, narrowly edged within and behind with black.

(23) august, 1867.

TRANS. AMEK. ENT. SOC.

178

GROTE & ROBINSON.

Primaries witli a longitudinal black streak beneath the median ner-
vure, sometimes subobsolete, and touched with black scales above this
ou subcostal nervure. Superiorly, from the base outwardly, the wing
is dusted with light grey. Transverse anterior line, geminate, broken,
irregularly dentate, subobsolete. A black, curved, discal streak, be¬
yond which a diffuse, inwardly oblique, median, dark shade. Transverse
posterior line, geminate, regularly iuterspaceally lunate; its course no¬
where prominently bent. Nervules marked with alternate lighter and
darker scales. A subterminal intcrspaceal series of short black dashes.
A paler somewhat greyish terminal space extending downwards to ex¬
tremity of third median nervule, widening to apices. Secondaries,
pale smoky grey, darker clouded over anal angle. Beneath, the secon¬
daries are almost white, while the primaries are blackish without mark¬
ings, shaded with white on costa and diffusely along internal margin.

Expanse, £ , 1.60 inch. Length of loth/, 0.70 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (II. I. ! N. Y. ! Penna. !)

Differs from the female figured and described by Mr. Grote, (1. c.)
by the hardly paler terminal space and more distinct ornamentations,
in addition to the sexual character afforded by the pectinate antennae.
This species is strongly contrasted with the other species of the genus
by its blackish cinereous color. Its proper position is with C. bigutta-
tus, Pack. The £ anal tuft is but slightly bifid.

HETEROCAMP A, Doubleday.

Heterocampa obliqua. Packard. (Plate 4, figs. 26, 27, 90

Jfeterocampa obliqua. Pack., ( ^ ) Synopsis Bombyeidae, U. S. Proc. Ent. Soe.

Phil., Vol. 3, o. 368. (November, 1864.)

9 . Head, collar, under thoracic surface and legs, clear cinereous,
paler than in the male. The prothoracic squamatiou wants the darker
linear shade which characterizes the male. Antennae, simple, dark
testaceous. Eyes, smaller than in the male. Patagia, somewhat glau¬
cous cinereous, with black borders. Centrally, the thorax is clear ci¬
nereous, paler than in the opposite sex. Posteriorly, a somewhat glau¬
cous cinereous, triangular patch with black borders. Metathoracic
tuft, blackish. The general form is stouter than in the male and the
wings are broader.

The primaries resemble the male fore-wings in ornamentation, but
the markings are more distinct.

The general color is dark cinereous. Basal half line geminate; the
outer of the two lines is straighter and black, more distinct than the
inner curved line, and rests inferiorly on a narrow, slightly waved and
black streak issuing from the base of the wing, and running outwardly

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

170

from the extreme base of the wing below the median nervure. Above
this streak, and margined outwardly by the basal half line, the extreme
costal base of the wing is pale glaucous cinereous. Between the basal
half line and the transverse anterior line the wing is dark cinereous
and is traversed by two opposed and subobsolete transverse, waved,
shaded lines, becoming tinged with reddish-brown before internal mar¬
gin, the latter edged within, before the t. a. line, with a distinct black
line following the shape of the wing. The t. a. line is geminate, regu¬
larly but shallowly waved, the outer of its two component lines the
darker, and becoming black below median nervure. Inferiorly, and
preceding the t. a. line, the wing is diffusely stained with pale, clear
reddish-brown. Costa marked with alternate whitish and dark cine¬
reous streaks, the darker of which seem to form the inception of obso¬
lete transverse shade-lines. Median space, dark cinereous; below the
median nervure, an oblique, diffuse, outwardly directed, pale glaucous
cinereous shade-patch, which extends across t. p. line, and is limited
externally by the black subterminal shade. A narrow black curvili¬
near streak on the disc ; a second, more broadly marked, is continued
below the median nervure outwardly to the black subterminal shade.
Beyond the discal streak, the wing is stained again with clear pale red¬
dish-brown. The transverse posterior line is geminate, rather faintly
marked and very irregular. It margins inwardly and obliquely the costo-
apical whitish patch, as in the male, is medially produced, thence run¬
ning backwards below the second curvilinear black streak, constricts
the median space inferiorly and joins internal margin before the angle.
A deep black subterminal shade-line, preceded by a diffuse black shade,
which is broadest opposite the disc, and is cut by unequal deep black
streaks between the nervules. A slight oblique blackish, apical streak.
The conformation of the subterminal shade reminds one of certain spe¬
cies of the genus Paronjyia. The narrow terminal space is of an even
dark cinereous, the nervules here touched with whitish scales. A nar¬
row terminal line, interrupted at the nervules, lunulated over the in¬
terspaces, accompanied with olivaceous scales. The extreme edge shows
an obsolete dark line. Fringes, dark cinereous, interrupted with black¬
ish at the extremity of the nervules. Beneath, cinereous, without de¬
finite markings ; centrally, with longer hair-like scales; at base and
along internal margin, whitish; the black subterminal line and shades
of the upper surface are here reproduced, accompanied by the apical
and interspaceal streaks; terminal space, clear grey. Secondaries,
blackish, thus contrasting forcibly with the white hind wings of the

ISO

GROTE & ROBINSON.

male. At base some longer white scales. Medially, the wing is more
or less strikingly paler, while terminally, the blackish color spreads in¬
to an even dark border, with subobsolete, blackish, interspaceal streaks
between the uervules and becoming faintly paler. Fringes along in¬
ternal margin longer, and pure white; along external margin shorter
and shaded faintly basally with cinereous. Beneath, as above; the
fringes are more prominently white ; a faint median dark shade-line.

Expanse, $ , 1.90 inch. Length of body, 0.90 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (New York! to Pennsylvania!)

The discovery of the female of this fine species is particularly inte¬
resting, as illustrating a sexual difference in the color of the secondaries
in Heterocampa. Thus while in H. subalbicans, Grote , aud certain
species hereinafter mentioned, there is no prominent difference in the
color of the male and female secondaries, we have in II. obliqua, Pack.,
a great distinction in this respect, so that Dr. Packard’s observations,
that in H. trouvelotii, Pack., “ the secondaries are smoky grey, while
in II. obliqua, they are white,” only holds good when the male of the
latter species is considered. We have compared six specimens ( S £ %
9 9 9 ) of H. obliqua, which were uniform in appearance when the
sexes were separately considered.

Heterocampa brunnea, n. s. (Plate 4, fig. 28, 9 •)

9 - Head, above, prothorax and patagia uniform dull and faintly
olivaceous cinereous. Patagia with blackish borders. Centrally, the
thoracic disc is dull brownish. Posteriorly, an olivaceous cinereous
patch, margined and mixed with blackish scales. Antennae, simple,
clothed above with cinereous scales, becoming obsolete towards the
tips, and narrowly subannulate with dark scales. Outwardly the legs
are clothed with cinereous scales ; tarsi closely subannulate with black ;
inwardly the legs and under thoracic surface are clothed with whitish,
hair-like scales. Abdomen, exceeding the secondaries; above, dull
obscure cinereous, with a dorsal olivaceous tinge. A narrow, very evi¬
dent, black central line is continued over anal and preanal segments;
on either side of this, sublaterally and laterally, are two similar but
much fainter lines. Beneath, paler, becoming dirty whitish towards
the base.

In the shape and style of ornamentation of the wings, this species
imitates II. obliqua. Primaries, ashen cinereous. Extreme base, oli¬
vaceous cinereous for a short space, traversed outwardly by the dark
brown, geminate basal half-line, the latter resting interiorly on a nar¬
row black furcate streak, which extends from the base of the wing out-

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

181

wnrdly over the submedian fold on to the median space of the wing’,
its furcation taking place at a point beneath the basal half-line, whence
the lower branch is thrown off downwardly obliquely on to the internal
nervure. Subterminal space nearly filled with a diffuse deep brownish
shade which, below median nervule, is narrowly continued outwardly,
where it is slightly waved, to internal margin. Transverse anterior
line formed of two distinct, dark brown lines, divaricate on costa,
where they are also more faintly expressed, thence running approxi¬
mately and slightly irregularly to internal margin. Below median ner¬
vure and along costa, the median space is shaded with olivaceous.
Centrally the costa is free from the alternate dark and whitish cinere¬
ous streaks which characterize H. obliqua. A distinct, black, trans¬
verse discal line, beyond which, the wing is shaded with bright brown
below the subcostal nervule to external margin. The black scales are
continued below the streak over second median nervule, and there is
a second prominent and parallel black streak on the interspace below.
The bright brown color suffuses the wing terminally until above third
median nervule, below the latter this is again cinereous, dusted with
olivaceous, and the lunate transverse lines are brought into relief by
pale scales. Surmounting the discal streak is a dark geminate shade
which, while distinct on costa, becomes obsolete interiorly below medi¬
an nervure. The transverse posterior line is generally indistinct, and
consists of a double series of regularly lunate brown lines, apparent
over the bright brown terminal shade, but indistinct interiorly. A dif¬
fuse, subterminal, black shade, analogous to that in H. obliqua, but
less distinctly expressed; there is a series of black, longitudinal, inter-
spaceal dashes, of which the lowest is on the interspace above first me¬
dian nervule. The nervules are obsoletely picked out by pale scales,
and there is a slight aggregation of these latter at apex. An even,
distinct, continued, narrow, brown terminal line. Fringes, dark oliva¬
ceous cinereous, with a distinct, basal, darker line; at the extremity of
the nervules the fringe becomes obsoletely darker colored. Seconda¬
ries, smoky grey, with a median pale shade and with longer pale hairs
over the base and along internal margin. Terminally the color of the
wing is darkest, deepening to a dark, marginal shaded line along the
external edge. This marginal line is broader than usual, continued
along costal margin, and obsoletely preceded along external margin by
a pale shade; it is also slightly lunate on the interspaces. Fringes,
cinereous, tipped with a paler shade.

Under surface, cinereous, with obsolete ornamentation. Primaries

182

GROTE & ROBINSON.

covered with long hair-like scales over the disc and base; the subter-
niinal shade and black interspaceal streaks of the upper surface are
here reproduced. Secondaries, a little paler, but resembling their up¬
per surface in appearance.

Expanse , 9 , 2.00 inch. Length of body, 1.10 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Pennsylvania!)

Closely allied to H. obliqua, but differing by the brown terminal
shade of the wings, which are dusted with olivaceous atoms over medi¬
an space inferiorly, the darker fringes, the continued and even termi¬
nal lines, and by the distinct ornamentation of the anal segments of
the abdomen above.

Heterocampa tessella- (Plate 4, fig. 29, ^ .)

Lochmaeus tessella, Pack., Syn. U. S. Bomb., Proc, Ent. Soc. Phil. p. 370.

(November, 1864).

% . Head, whitish cinereous. Antennae, blackish, dusted with pale
scales along the stem at base above, bipectinate for fully one-half then-
length, the pectinations decreasing in length outwardly. “Collar”
and tegulae, concolorous, whitish cinereous, with a greenish, pale oli¬
vaceous tinge, the former with a central, shaded, obscure greenish line,
the latter edged with dark scales and with a terminal dark line. The
thorax, between the tegulae, is clothed with mixed obscure olivaceous
and dark scales, so as to form a triangulate dark patch, contrasting
with the pale prothorax and tegulae, and having its apex centrally, be¬
hind the prothoracic pieces. Abdomen, above, obscure and dark cine¬
reous; some longer blackish hairs over basal segment ; anal and prean-
al segments, paler, somewhat olivaceous, the latter with two sub-dor¬
sal dark stains. Beneath, with under thoracic parts, whitish cinereous,
shaded with pale olivaceous. Tarsi, annulate with black ; legs covered
with long, whitish cinereous, hair-like scales; tibial hairs transversely
barred outwardly with black lines, most distinct on the fore and obso¬
lete on the hind legs.

Primaries, whitish cinereous, evenly washed with a pale greenish,
olivaceous shade. Costa a little depressed centrally; apices produced;
external margin, oblique, and somewhat inwardly depressed below first,
median nervule. Extreme base for a short space, paler colored. A
dentate black basal half-line. Sub-basal space evenly shaded with ob¬
scure cinereous scales. Transverse anterior line, geminate, black, ir¬
regular, dentate. Beyond it the median space is at first whitish, free
from dark scales, becoming outwardly delicately tinged with pale
greenish olivaceous. A faint, linear discal mark, surmounted on costa

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

183

by two faint, darker streaks, the inception of a median, geminate,
transverse shade, which runs approximately to the transverse posteri¬
or line, but which is very faint and partially obsolete. Transverse pos¬
terior line, geminate, arcuate opposite the disc, formed by a double se¬
ries of dull, pale greenish lunules, which, opposite the disc, are mixed
with black scales, the whole faint. Costa with three black, distinct,
preapical dots. A faint, subterminal, blackish shade, inwardly den¬
tate, on the interspaces superiorly, medially obsolete, interiorly ap¬
pearing as a distinct, black, uneven Y-shaped mark. Terminally the
wing is obscure olivaceous, this darker color interrupted between first
and second median nervules by the paler greenish, olivaceous color of
the median space, which here extends to external margin. A termi-
minal interrupted line everywhere preceded by a narrow, coincident,
pale shade. Nervules marked with black scales. Fringes, pale oliva¬
ceous, interrupted with darker scales at extremity of the nervules.
Secondaries, smoky grey. A median undulated line followed by a co¬
incident whitish shade line. Between this latter and external mar¬
gin the wing is evenly darker colored than elsewhere. Fringes, pale
grey, interrupted with dark scales at the nervular extremities. An
obscure dark terminal line.

Beneath, with obsolete ornamentation. Primaries, whitish at base
and along internal margin, terminally and below costa, dull blackish.
The preapical black dots reproduced. Nervules marked with blackish.
The subterminal shade of upper surface is here indicated. A very dis¬
tinct, blackish, even, terminal line. Secondaries almost entirely whit¬
ish ; fringes, darker, and prominently interrupted with blackish scales.

9 . Besembles the male. Antennae, simple and shorter. Abdo¬
men, plumper, and the preanal subdorsal stains of the male are obso¬
lete. Under surface of secondaries, prominently darker, more dusted
with cinereous scales than in the male, while generally more obscurely
colored.

Expanse , £ 9 1 1.80—1.90 inch. Length of body, 0.85 — 0.95
inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (New York ! to Pennsylvania !)

We have examined four $ and one 9 specimens of this species.
The characters to be observed are : The dark thoracic discal squarna-
tion ; the pale whitish-green primaries, having the median space and
the wing generally, outside of the transverse, anterior geminate line,
free from any admixture of dark scales in the ground color; the com¬
paratively dark abdomen, and, in the female, the shortish antennae.

184

GROTE & ROBINSOX.

Although Dr. Packard’s description (1. c.) of the female of this spe¬
cies offers certain differences when compared with our material, yet a
comparison with the type of Lochmaeus tessella, Pack., in the Coll, of
this Society shows our determination to be correct. The ground color
of the upper surface of the fore wings should not be characterized as
“pale whitish-ashen, ’’ since it is tinged with olivaceous, of which lat¬
ter shade no mention is made in the original description. Perhaps it
is as well to mention, that Dr. Packard himself did not recognize our
p>resent material as belonging to a species that had been already de¬
scribed by him, while our examination of the before-mentioned typical
( 9 ) specimen has not allowed us to benefit by the circumstance, al¬
though the discordant diagnosis might have additionally excused us
for so doing.

Heterocampa elongata. n. s. (Plate. 4, tig. 30, £>•)

9 . Head and appendages, dull pale cinereous. Antennae, simple,
moderate, testaceous, clothed with pale scales at base above. Protho¬
rax, patagia and thoracic disc, concolorous, pale bluish-green, with an
admixture of whitish and dark underlying scales. Sides of the pata¬
gia edged with brown scales from beneath. A faint, linear, prothora-
cic darker shade ; patagia with a similar faint shade edging these with¬
in. Metathoracic hairs largely mixed with dark scales. Abdomen,
rather pale cinereous ; basal segment tipped dorsally with dark scales.
Beneath, the legs and body parts are pale dull cinereous; tarsi and ti¬
biae, annulated and barred with black outwardly, as in II . tessella.

Primaries, cinereous, sprinkled with an admixture of dark scales in
the ground color of the wings, and shaded centrally and terminally with
olivaceous. A reduced basal space, concolorous with thorax above. A
geminate basal half-line resting on a narrow, longitudinal, furcate, black
line, running outwardly and downwardly over the sub-basal space.
This latter wide and dark, being closely sprinkled with darker scales
on an obscure ground. Transverse anterior line, black, distinct, gemi¬
nate, irregularly dentate. Median space shaded with olivaceous or
dull yellowish-green. A black discal streak, succeeded by a faint post¬
median blackish shade. Transverse posterior line, black, interrupted,
geminate, regularly lunulate between the nervules, the enclosed spaces
whitish. Nervules interruptedly marked with blackish. A blackish,
subterminal shade, dentate and more strongly marked before internal
angle, much as in H. tessella, but more powdery. A terminal black¬
ish line ; fringes, concolorous with the wing, with black scales at the
extremity of the nervules. Secondaries, smoky grey. A median, lu-

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

185

nate, whitish band. A narrow, terminal, darker shaded line. Ner-
vules marked with darker scales. Fringes, interrupted with black at
extremity of nervules.

Beneath, both wings are obscure smoky-grey, sprinkled with dark
scales subterminally on the primaries. Nervules marked with dark
scales. Fringes prominently interrupted with dark scales. The se¬
condaries are paler, whitish, the dark scales form a faint median shade,
and spread over the terminal portion of the wing.

Expanse , 9 > 2.20 inch. Length of body, 0.95 inch.

Habitat — Atlantic District. (Pennsylvania!)

Allied to H. tessella, but to be distinguished by the darker prima¬
ries, the more powdery transverse lines, and the concolorous thorax.
The primaries are longer and straighter along the costa; the antennae
are brighter, testaceous, and longer, compared with the female H. tes¬
sella. The general shape and proportions are more as in H. subalbi¬
cans, Grote. Compared with II. tessella, the abdomen is paler. The
contrast between the pale bluish-green thorax and the finely obscure,
olivaceous median space of the primaries in H. elongata, is an evident
character, while there is a similarity between the course of the trans¬
verse lines and the style of ornamentation of the two species.

Heterocampa pulverea. n. s. (Plate 4, fig. 32, 90

9 . Head, dull ashen ; the small palpi marked with black at the
sides. Antennae, rather short and stout ; beneath, testaceous ; above,
clothed entirely with ashen scales and finely subannulate with black.
Thorax, olivaceous ashen. Prothorax with a linear darker shade. Pa-
tagia edged within by a darker linear shade. Metathoracic tuft, pro¬
minent, tipped with dark scales. Abdomen, smoky grey, stout; a nar¬
row dorsal black line of slightly raised scales, which are developed on
first, fourth, fifth and sixth segments, into prominent blackish tufts.
Anal segment somewhat tinged with olivaceous above. Beneath, smo¬
ky grey ; the thoracic hairs are whitish. Tarsi subannulate with black,
and middle and fore tibiae once barred with black.

Primaries, olivaceous ashen. A clear colored, reduced, basal space.
A distinct, geminate, blackish half-line, in which the outer line is the
more broadly expressed. The promiuent sub-basal space is dark oli¬
vaceous. obscured by blackish intermixed scales, especially centrally.
Median space, paler, olivaceous. Transverse anterior line, black, ge¬
minate, dentate ; the space included is medially stained with brown,
which color extends over the discal cell; the outer line is much fainter
than the inner. A narrow, distinct, discal, lunate streak, preceded by

TKANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. (24) AUGUST, 1S67.

186

GROTE & ROBINSON.

a blackish zig-zag median shade-line most evident on costa, and be¬
coming faint and straighter before internal margin. Fourth median
nervule marked with black scales. Beyond the discal streak the wing
is clear and whitish, forming an oblique pyriform space, limited out¬
wardly by the subterminal line, and interiorly by a dark shade below
third median nervule, somewhat as in H. obliqua, but wider and less
prominently contrasted with the rest of the wing. The transverse pos¬
terior line traverses this clear space, and is composed of two faint, ap¬
proximate, lunulate lines, which are hardly apparent and run evenly
and straightly across the wing. Subterminal line very oblique and
strongly marked, consisting of black, pulverulent, interrupted, broad
marks, not apparent at apex, and margining interiorly outwardly the
dark shade above fourth median nervule. Terminally, the wing is
evenly sprinkled with olivaceous scales. Centrally, the costa is clear
grey ; there is a series of preapical black dots. Secondaries, smoky
grey, faintly tinged with olivaceous terminally. Nervules marked with
darker scales. Base, paler. A median, geminate, black line, enclos¬
ing a clear colored linear space. Terminally the wings are most ob¬
scurely shaded; a terminal lunulate line; fringes, pale, shortly inter¬
rupted with black at the extremity of the nervules.

Beneath, smoky grey; the general appearance of the upper surface
is vaguely indicated by powdery and darker scales.

Expanse , ■> 2.10 inch. Length of body, 1.00 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Pennsylvania !)

We have before us a single male specimen from New York, which
apparently belongs to this species, but the primaries are too much rub¬
bed to allow of certainty in the reference. This specimen expands
1.90 inch. The antennae are lengthily pectinate for nearly three-quar¬
ters from the base. The patagia are mixed with ashen scales. There
is a basal black dash, apparently absent in the female. The black, ob¬
lique, subterminal line is here as in the female, but reduced. Else¬
where the wings are evenly dusted with olivaceous scales on a paler
ground, all the ornamentation being apparently lost. The secondaries
are paler than in the female and the shadings are lost. It is probably
correctly referred here, since the palpi are also marked laterally with
black scales. There is a tendency in this and allied species to have
the “veins” marked with dark scales, as an apparently inconstant
character.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

187

Family, NOCTUIDAE.

HELIOTHIS, Ochs.

Heliothis phloxiphaga, n. s.

Heliothis vmbrosus, Grote, Riley, Prairie Farmer, (with figs.) 1867.

$ 9 . Head and thorax, above, olivaceous-ochreous. Beneath, the
under thoracic surface and legs are pale ochreous, the latter with a
brighter, somewhat pale reddish tinge outwardly; hind tibiae with
four slender, subequal spurs. Abdomen, above, ochreous, with an oli¬
vaceous shade; beneath of a paler ochreous, shaded with a brighter
hue (as on the legs outwardly) laterally, and over the anal segment
and tuft. Antennae, simple.

Anterior wings, above, pale ochreous, with an olivaceous tinge. A
basal black half-line. On the costa at basal third a black spot, be¬
neath which, on median and internal nervures, are minute black dots
not readily perceived. A black dot on the discal cell. A broad, dark
olivaceous ochreous band is drawn inwardly obliquely over the wing
at about the middle. This is limited on either side superiorly by op-
posedly arcuate series of black dots where it encloses the reniform spot
as a diffuse blackish spot. Its course is here straight, but below the
median nervure it runs inwardly obliquely, and is margined on either
side by faintly darker lines, widening towards the margin. Between
this band and the base, the wing is pale ochreous, but owing to
the course of the median band, this paler basal space is wider on costal
region above median nervure and narrows to internal margin. The
median band is succeeded by the pale ground color, which obtains
from the costa downwards, but is encroached on by a second broad
shade band analogous to the median band, but paler, more diffuse and
longer, and which arises on the costa (where it is darkest and includes
two whitish, costal hair dots) at near the apex and, wideniug as it pro¬
ceeds, spreads on internal margin from the angle to the first median
baud, from which latter it is separated by its inner marginal line.
This latter line is faint and irregularly and roundedly dentate superi¬
orly on the interspaces; here its outward inflections attain a series of
minute, black nervular dots; the two last and most widely separated
of these are included in the band since this here widens, and its inner
marginal line, attaining the first band, runs more evenly and within
them. The pale ground color of the wing obtains beyond the second
transverse shade band as a narrow terminal space. ’ A terminal black
line, broadly interrupted over the nervules ; fringes, glistening, some¬
what blackish, darker than the wing. Beneath, pale ochreous. Two
large, black, discal spots, of which the first is spherical and smaller,

188

GROTE & ROBINSON.

superposing a blackish shade streak, and the outer larger and corres¬
ponding to the reniform spot of the upper surface. A subterminal
transverse, blackish band, widening on costa; terminal space of a
darker ochreous than the wing basally ; fringes, as on upper surface.

Secondaries, yellowish testaceous, with the extreme base and inter¬
nal margin more or less shaded with blackish scales. A large, semi-
lunate, black, discal spot. A wide, black border, distinctly limited in¬
wardly, and interrupted centrally on internal margin by the pale
ground color, which here allows a portion of a broken, black, terminal
line to be seen which is elsewhere lost. Fringes, very pale. Beneath,
the ornamentation of the upper surface is repeated, but much paler;
the terminal band is largely reddish ochreous, distinctly limited in¬
wardly, and similarly colored scales extend more narrowly along costa.
The terminal band becomes blackish interiorly.

Expanse , 1.20 — 1.50 inch. Length of body, 0.50—0.70 inch.

Habitat. — Illinois, (Mr. C. V. Riley); Colorado Territory, (Mr. Jas.
Ridings).

The specimen from Colorado Territory is paler, more ochreous, and
wants the olivaceous tinges of the Illinois specimens. The bands on
the primaries above are fainter and paler, so that they are im promi¬
nently relieved by the ground color of the wing, while the blackish
reniform spot, included by the first band on the disc, is on the other
hand, better defined. A smaller and slighter species with the prima¬
ries less prominently produced at the apices than the common H. um-
brosus, Grote. Whether this latter be identical with the European
II. armigera, Hiibn., sp., or not, is as yet not satisfactorily ascertained.
All our specimens of the former are larger, and differ in slight details
from our single European specimen of II. armigera. While this lat¬
ter seems of rare occurrence in Europe, its representative is here ex¬
tremely common and noxious to vegetation.

H. phloxiphaga, as its name indicates, feeds in the larva state on
Phlox. It has been described in its different stages by Mr. Riley as
above cited. This species is closely allied to the European H. dipsa-
cea, which it apparently represents in our fauna.

ARCHIEARIS. Hiibn.

Two species of this genus are known from our Territory : —

1. Archiearis brephoides.

Anarta Brephoides, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Ilet. Part xi, Noct. p. 702, 1857,
id. Grote, Proe. Ent. Soc. Phil. Vol. iii, p. 74, 1864.

Archiearis rcsoluta, Zeller, Stett,, Eut. Zeit. 24 Jahr., p. 136, Taf. 2. fig. 1,
1863.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

ISO

Tli is is an aberrant form, but seems to find its position here much
more naturally than in Anarta. The specimen examined by Mr. Grote
(1. c.) is no longer in our possession ; it was communicated by Air. W.
H. Edwards and immediately returned after determination. This is a
high arctic species; the localities hitherto accorded it are as follows:
‘•St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay,” — Dr. Barnston —
“Fort Confidence,” Sir J. Richardson — Walker, 1. c. ; “Youkon Riv¬
er, mouth of Porcupine River,” R. Kennicott — Grotc, 1. c. ; “Fort
Resolution am Sklaven-see (Great Slave Lake) westlich von der Hud¬
son’s Bay unter dem 61° N. Br.,” Baron Osten Sacken — Zeller , 1. c.

2. Arechiearis infans.

Brephos infans. Mbschler, Wien. Ent. Monat. Vol. vi, p. 134, Taf. 1, fig. 6,
1862.

Brephos ham.ad.ry as, f Harris.

Brephos parthcnias,\ Moschler, W. E. M. Vol. iv, p. 371.

This is a typical form ; the species is allied to the European A. par-
thenias and A. notha. Harris’ MS. name does not appear to have
been published.

Habitat. — Labrador southward through the Eastern States.

DRASTERIA, Hiibner.

Drasteria agricola. n. s. (Plate 4, fig. 34, 9 •)

Umber brown. Head and thorax, above, obscure brown mixed with
ashen scales, especially on the tegulae. Abdomen, obscure testaceous
cinereous. Primaries, above, of an even umber-brown, varying in the
depth of color and distinctness of the ornamentation. A transverse,
anterior, oblique pale line, edged within by brown scales, leaves the
costa at basal fourth and runs obliquely downwards to internal margin
(which it reaches at about the middle) is here shortly continued, thence
arises, forming a sinus, and is apparently continued till below the me¬
dian nervure, where it joins the transverse anterior line, forming thus
a second sinus inversed when compared with the first. The transverse
posterior line is dark, edged outwardly by pale scales,* evenly and
finely dentate or tremulous, projected slightly outwardly below the
costa, and descending straightly and no further than the submedian
nervure. At this point it runs inwardly backward up the wing, meet¬
ing and becoming continuous with the transverse anterior line with
which it is concolorous. Thus these two lines form a rude figure of
an inversed M with rounded angles, of which the inner limb or first
sinus is broadest and longest, since it reaches the internal margin,

* This pale edging is obliterate in most of the individuals before us; we have
taken the strongest marked specimen for the type of the species.

190

GROTE & ROBINSON'.

■while the outer limb or third and corresponding sinus only attains the
submedian nervule. The transverse anterior line and the above-de¬
scribed inflections are easily lost or overlooked, and are only to be de¬
tected in fresh and well marked individuals. There is a distinct, black
sinuate median shade line, running from costa to internal nervure over
the first sinus of the transverse anterior line, and preceded by a faint
blackish discal dot. This line is always to be detected; its most pro¬
minent sinuation is on the discal cell, whence it is S-shaped. The cos¬
ta, over the discal cell, is often touched with cinereous. The trans¬
verse posterior line is preceded by a dark shade, distinctly limited in¬
wardly ; this limitation appears as a second median shade line, not ex¬
tending below median nervure, where it joins the upward inflection of
the transverse posterior line. The tremulous transverse posterior line
above described, is closely followed by a short series of black diffuse
dots over the middle of the wing. A very distinct and nearly perpen¬
dicular subterminal line, always present, consisting of a series of black
nervular spots obsoletely united. A faint, evenly lunulate, terminal
line rests on external margin. Fringes, discolorous with the wing,
griseous. Secondaries, much as in D. erichtea, Hub., being largely of
an obscure smoky testaceous cinereous basally. A median paler and
wide band, beyond which a deep colored band, diffusely margined in¬
wardly and distinctly limited externally, where it borders a second
very narro.w pale shade; beyond this the narrow terminal space is
again of an obscure color. The external margin is edged narrowly by
a dark line. Fringes, concolorous with the wings, shaded with testa¬
ceous at base.

Beneath, both wings are pale ochreous, with a powdery appearance.
All markings have vanished, except two faint darker transverse sub¬
terminal shades on either wing. Apically the wings teud to be more
obscurely shaded.

Expanse, 9 , 1.G0 inch. Length of body, 0.75 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Massachusetts! to Pennsylvania!)

We have examined a number of 9 specimens of this species which
is subject to variation in the distinctness of the ornamentation of the
upper surface of the primaries, but in its characters is very distinct
from either E. erichtea, Hiibn., or D. erichto, Guenee , its congeners,
and with which it associates. Its exclusive specific characters are
these: the purely brown super-thoracic and alar coloration; the ab¬
sence of the distinctly expressed inception of the subterminal line
which forms in the other species superposed preapical marks. In its

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

101

general character it will be known by its evenly colored primaries,
destitute of prominent shades and lines, and tending to become of a
concolorous brown.

Drasteria mundula. n. s. (Plate 4, fig. 35, 9 •)

9 . Obscure olivaceous testaceous cinereous. Head and body parts,
concolorous, except that the color is a little deepened over the protho¬
rax, and becomes paler, more testaceous, over the abdomen terminally
and beneath. Antennae, simple. Hind tibiae with a middle and ter-
ninal pair of spurs.

Anterior wings with a faint brownish tinge, but generally concolor¬
ous with the body ; the squamation is finely intermixed with darker
scales. The conformation of the median lines is like that in D. agri-
cola, but these are more distinct, dark, and edged externally and in¬
completely with pa’e scales, which are tinged with testaceous. A
black antemedian discal dot. Median shade line evident, dark, run¬
ning downwards from costa and apparently joining the upward (second)
sinus formed by the union of the median (transverse anterior and pos¬
terior) lines, but in reality diverging inwardly and running over the
first sinus as in D. agricola. The serrate transverse posterior line is
succeeded by three or four black shaded points as in D. agricola. The
evenly dentate, subterminal line is inaugurated below costa subapically
by two super-posed, shaded black marks as in D. erichtea and I).
erichto, and is succeeded by a series of continued interspaced black
marks or short dashes. Secondaries, paler, more testaceous than pri¬
maries, their ornamentation is as in the before-mentioned species, but
the two median dark shade lines are farther apart; towards internal
margin this is especially noticeable, since here in D. erichtea and D.
erichto the lines converge, the median line projecting a more promi¬
nent inflection downwards on the outer subterminal line, which latter
is usually somewhat retired to receive it. Under surface, pale, some¬
what ochreous. Common blackish transverse lines cross the wings,
more widely separate than usual.

Expanse , 9 j 1-85 inch. Length of body, 0.75 inch.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Pennsylvania!)

A larger species than D. erichtea, and diifering by the absence of
the prominent dark shades accompanying the transverse lines, and the
faint purplish hue of the primaries above, which are never lost in that
species. From D. agricola, it differs by the color of the primaries
above and the greater distinctness of the ornamentation.

GROTE & ROBINSON.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4.

Fi;

tire 2fi, Heterocampa obliqua, Packard.

27, 9 Heterocampa obliqua, Packard.

28, 9 Heterocampa brunnea, G. & 17.

29, % Heterocampa tessella, G. B.

30, 9 Heterocampa elongata, G. & It.

31, 'Jj Dasylophia interna, Packard.

32, 9 Heterocampa pulverea, G. & B.

33, 'J, Coelodasys leptinoides, G. tb B.

34, 9 Drasteria agricola, G. <£■ if.

35, 9 Itrasteria mundula, G. <f- if.

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

193

Catalogue of the described TENTHREDINIDJE and UROCERIDiE of North

America.

BY EDWARD NORTON.

[Continued from Page 31.]

- o -

Lanceolate cell closed in middle.

31. NEMATUS.

Nematus, Jurine, Nouv. Meth. 1807, 59.

Leach, Zool. Misc.

Lepel, Mon. Tenth. f|f, 62.

Hartig, Die Blattw. Sec. 2, Tr. 2, 184.

Wings ample, one marginal and four submarginal cells, the first and
third small, the second large and receiving two recurrent nervures ;
the first generally rounded, with the dividing nervure sometimes very
indistinct, only to be seen by holding up to the light; four submargi¬
nal bullae, viz. : one in middle of each transverse nervure and a long
oue on the submarginal vein beginning at the first recurrent nervure,
and that on the third transverse nervure quite wide; lanceolate cell
petiolate; under wings with two middle cells.

Antennae, 9-articulate, elongate, slender, simple, third article gene¬
rally largest, remainder gradually decreasing in length.

Head transverse; clypeus emarginate; mandibles with one inner
tooth; fourth joint of maxillary palpi not short; the inner lobes of
maxillae with a tooth-like edge or pectination. A suture-like groove
generally passes down the face from summit on each side of ocelli,
connected back of ocelli by a cross groove, more or less distinct, be¬
tween the antennae a ridge, channeled above, is produced.

Body short, subcylindric in the males, broader and depressed in the
females.

Legs simple; two sharp spines at the apex of tibiae; claws in gene¬
ral with an inner tooth.

Larvae twenty-footed (six pectoral, twelve abdominal and two cau¬
dal). They present quite a variety of habits, as will be seen by the
following table. (Dahlbom.)

a. Feeding upon leaves of plants, gooseberry, willow, &c., resting at the

edges or on the surface of leaves.

b. Feeding upon the leaves of pines, social ; resting at the edges of leaflets,

forming a simple cocoon.

c. Living in galls of plants, c. 1. — Gall-makers, Walsh.

2. — Inquilines, Walsh.

They are generally social in habit and are often very destructive,
eating off all the leaves.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

(25)

AUGUST, 1867.

194

EDWARD NORTON.

The cocoon is simple, egg-shaped. It is sometimes fastened to
stems, lies sometimes on the surface of the ground, sometimes in the
earth.

Westwood (Mod. Class, of Insects) mentions the European species
which attacks the gooseberry (W. grossularise) as having been seen in
as large numbers as a thousand on a single bush. Other species
are found upon the cherry, willow and elm.

Westwood refers also to the larvae of several species which are soli¬
tary in their habits, and others which form woody galls upon the stem
aud also in the spongy rib of the leaf. In some of these galls but one
individual resides, and in others more than one in each gall. These
galls have mostly been observed upon the willow in Europe. In this
country Mr. Walsh has described a number of species bred from vari¬
ous galls, mostly on the willow, and has made the further remarkable
discovery, that not only are some of these galls makers but others are
parasitical in the galls of other insects. He has found, too, that many
of these are so much alike in the imago state, that it is almost impos¬
sible to separate them. It is difficult to give a hearty assent to
Mr. Walsh’s “Inquilines or Guest-flies,” without further investigation.

Many species have two broods in a season, of which the first is
doubtless the most productive.

This is the most difficult genus of this family, because the species
are so numerous, (Hartig enumerates about fifty species in Europe,)
and presents so few salient points of difference, either in form or color.

In addition to this, most of the species here named are described
from but one or two specimens, so that we have abundant room for fu¬
ture corrections.

Dr. Ha rtig has joined to this genus several sub-sections, under dif¬
ferent titles.*

* Hartig, Die Blattwespen, &e., p. 179.

1. Nematus. — Wings, one marginal and three or four submarginal cells.
Subgenus. — 1. Nematus. — Wings, one marginal and three or four submarginal
cells.

Sec. 1. — Leptopus. Lanceolate cell closed in middle.

Sec. 2. — Nematus. Lanceolate cell petiolate.

Tribe 1. — Greasus. The first joint of hinder tarsi as usual.

Tribe 2. — Nematus. Last joint of hinder tarsi as usual.

2. — Cryptocampus. Wings, one marginal and three submarginal
cells.

Sec. 1. — Crytocampus. Body lengthened, cylindrical.

Sec. 2. — Diphadnus. Body egg-shaped, short.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

195

Tabular Synopsis to assist in finding the species.

1. Head above the antennse black.

A. Body and legs black . 1, concolor.

B. Thorax black.

a. Abdomen black.

1. Tegulse and trochanters black . 2, Labradoris.

2. Tegulse and trochanters pale . 3, malacus.

b. Venter more or less pale.

1. Tegulse and trochanters black . . . 4, extensicornis.

5, marylandicus.

6, fallax.

2. Tegulse and trochanters pale . 7, suratus.

8, Winnipeg.

30, ventricosus.

9. monela.

10, subalbatus.

11, corniger.

12, luteolus.

c. Abdomen banded with rufous . 24, erythrogaster.

C. Thorax black, pectus pale . 13, Saskatchewan.

D. Thorax pale, a black spot on pectus . 44, bivittatus.

2. Head above antennse more or less pale.

E. Thorax black.

a. Venter more or less pale.

Trochanters black . . . 14, violaceipennis.

15, nigritus.

Trochanters pale . 16, ventralis.

17, longicornis.

18, proximatus.

11, corniger 9*

19, pallicornis.

20, obscurus.

21, S. pisum.

b. Abdomen banded with red or yellow . 22, brunneus.

23, rufofasciatus.

25, luteotergum.

26, fur.

27, Hudsonicus.

F. Thorax black, pleura pale . 28, sumptus.

29, pleuricus.

30, ventricosus, 9 •

31, lateralis.

32, desmodioides.

33, fulvipes.

G. Thorax mostly pale . . . 34, crassus.

a. Pectus black, a pale spot in middle . 35, placentus.

b. Pectus pale.

Thorax trilineate with black, pleura with two spots. ..36, inquilinus.

pleura with one spot . 37, longulicornis.

scutel black . 38, trilineatus.

196

EDWARD NORTON.

Thorax trilineate with black, scutel pale . 39, vertebratus.

40, integer.

41 , S. pomum.

42, hospes.

43, trivittatus.

Thorax bilineate with black . 45, aureopectus.

46, mendicus.

Metathorax and part of tergura black . 47, chloreus.

48, stigmatus.

II. Thorax and abdomen pale . 49, monochroma.

1. Nematus concolor. n. sp.

Wholly black; wings subhyaline, with a violaceous tinge. Length .24. Br.
wings 0.54 inch.

9 . Black; antennae rather stout; head rather coarsely punctured;
thorax with shallow, confluent punctures; nasus smooth, with rounded
notch before, its edge and the labrutu reddish-white; abdomen ovate,
short; legs black, anterior tibiae and tarsi dull piceous, inner claws large;
wings with a violaceous tinge, nervures piceous, second submarginal
with two angles beneath, widest at the first, a bulla covering most of
first submarginal cross line and another at the reception of the first re¬
current nervure or submarginal nerve extending along the nerve.

£ . Antennae long and slender.

Connecticut; Albany, N. Y., Br. Peck. (One 9 , one £ .)

2. Nematus Labradoris, n. sp.

Shining black; tibiae pale; wings hyaline. Length 0.24 — 0.32. Br. wings
0.56 — 0.76 inch.

9. Black; body stout, as in Selandria. Antennae moderate, flat¬
tened ; all the joints of nearly equal length ; nasus moderately emargi-
nate, face black; labruui piceous; tegulae black; abdomen ridged
down the back, apex pale; legs black; apical half of anterior femora
beneath and all the tibiae, except tips of hinder pair dull white ; inner
spur of anterior tibiae large and blunt, tibiae pilose; second tooth of
claws as large as first; wings ample, hyaline, nerves brown, stigma and
costa pale greenish; second submarginal with two angles beneath,
widest at first; the second recurrent nervure received very near the
second submarginal nervure.

£ . The male is quite slender and the antennae longer and more
slender.

Labrador, (A. S. Packard, Jr.) Two 9 1 one & •

One of the females is not more than half the size of the other, but
preserves the same characteristics.

3. Nematus malacus, n. sp.

Black; tegulsse, trochanters and legs below knees pale. Length 0.28. Br.
wings 0.60 inch.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

107

9. Shining black ; body short and stout; antennae slender; joints
of nearly equal length; lower ocellus in a shallow basin ; nasus hardly
incurved; tegulae and collar whitish ; coxae, femora, tips of posterior
tibiae and of all the tarsi black ; claws slightly dentate within ; tro¬
chanters, anterior femora before, tibiae and tarsi, except at tip, white ;
wings hyaline, stigma and costa pale greenish, second submarginal
widest at first recurrent nervure.

Labrador, (A. S. Packard, Jr.) Three 9 •

4. N. extensicornis.

Nematus e.xtensicornis, Norton, Proc. Boat. Soc. viii. 1861, 159, £ .

Black; tip of venter yellow-red; knees and tibise pale. Length 0.27. Br.
wings 0.60 inch.

£ . Shining black. Antennae as long as body, slender, cylindrical,
punctured, pilose with upright hair, joints slightly globose at tip, third
hardly as long as fourth ; lower ocellus in a basin; nasus retracted,
with a shallow, wrinkled notch in the middle; apical third of venter
and anal styles pale fulvous; legs black; the knees, tibiae and tarsi
reddish-white, the latter darker above, claws yellowish, with a very
short inner tooth (slightly dentate). Wings hyaline, stigma and cos¬
ta pale, second submarginal widest at first recurrent nervure; second
recurrent nervure received at or very near the intersection of second
and third cells.

9 • Antennae about two-thirds the length of body, tips of joints not
so much enlarged, third and fourth joints of equal length, edge of na¬
sus and labrum yellowish; legs below the knees darker, stigma and
costa white.

Mt. Washington, N. H. Summit. One £ , one 9 . (S. II. Scudder

and Baron Osten Slacken).

5. N. marylandicus.

Nematus marylandicus, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. iii, 1864, 7, £.

Black ; apex of abdomen rufohs, knees and part of tibiae whitish ; wings hya¬
line. Length 0.28. Br. wings 0.60 inch.

£. Black; body long and uot stout; antennae as long as body,
slender, cylindrical; joints not so much enlarged at tips as in JV. ex¬
tensicornis, pilose; head and thorax with short whitish hair, that on
labrum longer, brownish; lower ocellus in a basin, which is open at
top and bottom ; nasus with a deep, angulate notch ; apical segment
of abdomen yellowish piceous, most apparent beneath ; legs black,
their four anterior knees, tibiae and tarsi beneath and at base above,
and basal half of posterior tibiae whitish; nails piceous, tips red.
Wings hyaline, stigma and costa pale; second submarginal widest at

198

EDWARD NORTON.

angle receiving first recurrent nervure ; second recurrent nervure re¬
ceived just within third submarginal cell.

Maryland. One % . (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

6. Nematus fallax. n. sp.

Black; mouth, cheeks, apex of venter and tibiae in part, reddish-white ; a
black line down the tibise above, body slender. Length 0.18 — 0.20. Br. wings
0.44 — .48 inch.

£ . Shining black ; body slender ; antennae rather long and slender,
ferruginous beneath ; nasus hardly incurved and with month below,
lower half of cheeks and apex of venter yellow-red. Legs at base
black, below the base of femora yellow-red, with a blackish line down
their upper side; inner anterior tibial spur stout; inner tooth of claw
nearly as large as outer. Wings perfectly hyaline, iridescent; stigma
somewhat rounded above and with the costa pale greenish.

Labrador, (A. S. Packard, Jr.) Two % .

7. N. suratus.

Nematus suratus, Fitch, Third Rep. N. Y. State Agr. Soc., 1859, 94.

Fitch, Nox. Ins., p. 68, 94.

“ Black, with four transparent, slightly smoky wings; mouth, cloud¬
like spot on the shoulders, edges of abdominal segments and legs livid
white; the four anterior thighs being black upon their under sides
and the hinder pair wholly black, except at their base. Length 0.25
inch, to the tip of wing 0.30 inch.”

New York. Not seen.

8. Nematus Winnipeg, n. sp.

Black ; abdomen at sides and apex beneath and the legs piceous ; hinder fe¬
mora and ends of their tibise blackish. Length 0.22. Br. wings 0.48 inch.

9 . Black; body short and stout. Antenna? about half the length
of body, stout, a little flattened, third and fourth joints equal; head
dull with coarse punctures, no distinct sutures or depressions about
the ocelli; nasus not emarginate, labrum slightly indented before;
edge of nasus, labrum, tegulne and two edges of anterior angle yellow¬
ish ; sides and apex of venter, ovipositor and the legs yellowish pice¬
ous; the coxae, the four anterior femora at base and beneath, posterior
femora and apical third of tibiae blackish, inner claw-tooth blunt and
widely separated from outer. Wings yellowish hyaline, stigma and
costa yellow; second submarginal wide.

Lake Winnipeg, (R. Kennicott, Smiths. Inst.) Two % . This is
much like iY. suratus.

9. Nematus monela, n. sp.

Black; mouth, spot on cheeks, tegulse, collar and venter pale; bas£ of coxse
and of femora and tips of hinder tibise black. Length 0.20. Br. wings 0.48
inch.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

199

% . Black; body slender; antennae slightly compressed, third joint
hardly as long as fourth ; lower ocellus in a small basin ; nasus not
emarginate ; edge of nasus, labrurn and spot at base of mandibles white ;
tegulae, two edges of anterior angle and apex of venter yellow-red ;
legs yellow-red, trochanters white; base of coxae, base of femora and a
line beneath, extending nearly to tip, apex of posterior tibiae and their
tarsi black ; inner apical tarsal spur blunt, inner claw tooth small and
widely separated from outer. Wings hyaline, stigma and costa pale
waxen color.

Labrador. Two £ . (Mr. Packard).

10. N subalbatus.

Nematus subalbatus, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iii, 1S64, 7, 10, 9 •

Length 0.28. Br. wings 0.62 inch.

9 . Black ; body short and not very stout. Antenuae two-thirds the
length of body, flattened, covered with a short hairy pile; third joint
longer than fourth; lower ocellus in a shallow basin; nasus slightly
emarginate; its edges, labrurn and base of mandibles white; tegulae,
anterior angle, veuter and legs (in part) white; base of coxae, a band
on all the femora, apex of posterior tibiae, posterior tarsi and apical
joints of all the tarsi black. Wings hyaline, apex and base of costa,
pale; second recurrent nervure coinciding with intersection of second
and third submarginal cells.

Pennsylvania, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) One 9 •

11. N. corniger.

Nematus corniger, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 159, 7, £ .

Black; mouth, tegulae, venter, bands on tergum and legs (in part) black.

'J, . Length 0.17. Br. wings 0.40 inch.

9* Length 0.25. Br. wings 0.58 inch.

9. Black; body short and stout; antennae more than two-thirds
the length of body, slightly flattened and enlarged at joints, third joint
longer than fourth ; no distinct sutures about ocelli, the lower ocellus
in a shallow depression; a faint piceous line on outer orbits; nasus
slightly emarginate ; edge of nasus and below and base of mandibles
white; tegulae, upper half of anterior angles, edges of tergum and ob¬
solete bands at most of the joints and venter, except at tip, white ; legs
wholly yellow-red, with the tips of hinder femora and apical half of
their tibiae black; tarsi black, trochanters white; inner tooth of claw
blunt and widely separated from outer. Wings hyaline, uervures and
stigma piceous, costa at tip and base pale; submargiual nerve curved
at second cell, hardly angulate. second recurrent nervure received near
the intersection of second and third cells.

200

EDWARD NORTON.

Var. a. 9. The white markings reddish-yellow; antenna? at tip
beneath piceous; coxae white; legs below trochanters honey-yellow;
tibial spurs very long and with the claws rufous. (Ct., N. Y.)

£ . Antennae more flattened, fulvous beneath, third and fourth
joints of equal length; a spot below antennae and all the anterior an¬
gle white; the whole terguin black. (Conn., N. Y.)

Var. b. £ . Colors reddish-yellow like Var. a; lower half of anterior
angle brighter reddish than the upper, with a marked dividing line;
bands on tergum as in 9 5 base of all the coxae black. (Conn.)

Var. c. Tegulae and upper half of anterior angle white, lower half
black. (New Jersey.)

Var. (/. Tegulae and upper half of anterior angle rufous, lower half
black; apical half of venter blackish; uasus emarginate; antenna?
shorter. (New Jersey.)

Maine, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Illinois.

None of the males have any orbital spots.

12. Nematus luteolus, n. sp.

Black; mouth, tegulse, anterior angle, apex of venter and legs (in part) ru¬
fous; coxse and trochanters pale. Length 0.18. Br. wings 0.40 inch.

£ . Antennae more than half the length of body, flattened, third and
fourth joints of equal length; head coarsely pitted, no distinct sutures
about ocelli ; edge of nasus and mouth beneath, tegulae, anterior angle,
(the latter with a darker centre,) whitish or honey-yellow ; apex of
venter ferruginous; legs honey-yellow, part of coxae and trochanters
paler; basal half of coxae, tips of hinder tibia? and their tarsi black ;
basal joint of tarsi pale; inner tooth of claws hardly as large as outer
and near it. Wings hyaline, costa at base pale.

M aine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Illinois, English lliver, (Smiths.
Inst.) Eleven £ .

13. Nematus satkatchewan, n. sp.

Black; tegulae black; breast rufous ; legs mostly yellow-red; wings hyaline.
Length 0.38. Br. wings 0.76 inch.

9. Shining black; body long; antenna? long and slender, apical
joint shorter than the preceding; the ocelli, seen from before, are each
in a separate basiu ; uasus incurved; fourth joint of palpi short, fifth
and sixth longer and very slender; thorax polished; labrum piceous;
a large chestnut-red spot on pectus; legs same color-; the trochanters
and anterior tarsi whitish; posterior tibiae, except at their base, and
their tarsi black ; anterior tibial inner spur stout, blunt, pilose so as to
appear bifid; inner claw tooth large. Wings hyaline, stigma black.

Lake Saskatchewan, (Smiths. Inst.) One 9 .

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

201

14. Nematus violaceipennis, n. sp.

Black; orbits piceous ; mouth, tegulse, anterior angle and venter reddish-
white; legs beneath piceous ; wings semi-obscure, with a violaceous tinge.
Length 0.32. Br. wings 0.64 inch.

9 . Black; body long and slender; antennae about half the length,
of body, slightly flattened and enlarged at tip of joints, third joint not
so long as fourth ; lower ocellus in a heart-shaped depression; nasus
ungulate, emarginate ; outer orbits indistinctly piceous, paler toward
the cheeks; an arc-shaped spot below the antennae, nasus, labrum and
base of mandibles, anterior angle, edges of abdomen, and all but the two
apical segments of venter whitish; legs black above, knees and ante¬
rior tibiae before piceous; inner tooth of claws large and near the tip.
Wings subviolaceous, nervures dark, stigma somewhat bent above.

£ . Above, the male is wholly black, nearly as long as female, slen¬
der; third joint of antennae thicker than fourth ; labrum, anterior ti¬
biae and tarsi indistinctly piceous. Wings slender toward tip.

Farmington, Conn., April 24. Massachusetts, (Coll. Am.Ent. Soc.)
Three 9 , three £ .

15. N. nigritus.

Nematus nigritus, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii. 1861, 159, 9, ■£, .

Black; outer orbits and mouth, tegulse, apex of abdomen and legs in part,
pale. Length 0.21. Br. wings 0.48 inch.

£ . Black; body slender; antennae two-thirds the length of body,
slightly flattened and enlarged at joints, third joint shorter than fourth;
nasus hardly emarginate; an outer orbital line as high as suture, edge
of nasus and beneath pale piceous; tegulae and apex of abdomen and
several apical segments of vertex yellowish ; trochanters, apical half of
femora, tibiae, except tips of hinder pair, and base of tarsi reddish-
white, remainder black; inner tooth of claw very short, blunt and dis¬
tinct from outer tooth. Wings hyaline, nervures piceous, middle of
stigma and base of costa paler; second submarginal cell with one angle
below, the second recurrent nervure coinciding with second dividing
nervure.

Connecticut. Two £ . This may be the male of JV. subalbatus.

16. N. ventralis.

Nematus ventralis, Say, Long’s Second Exp. ii. 1824, 315, £ 9*

Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 158, 5.

Black; mouth, tegulse, anterior angle and venter pale; femora black banded;
wings hyaline.

Length £ , 0.25. Br. wings 0.54 inch.

Length 9 > 6-30. Br. wings 0.68 inch.

9 . Black; body short and stout; antennae about half the length of
body, rather stout, third and fourth joints equal length, third thicker

(26) august, 1867.

TUANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

202

EDWARD NORTON.

than fourth ; sutures at sides of ocelli deep; lower ocellus in a distinct¬
ly triangular space; nasus with a shallow notch; outer and inner or¬
bits, space about antennas and beneath, tegulse, anterior angle, edges
of abdomen, incomplete or obsolete bands between segments and the
venter pale yellow; legs of the same color; coxae, a band covering
most part of femora and the apical end of posterior tibiae black ; poste¬
rior tarsi blackish; inner tooth of claw large and near the end of claw.
Wings hyaline, nervures dark, base of costa whitish.

% . The male has the “hypostoma, palpi and mandibles at base
whitish; orbits above and behind piceous ; thorax dilated ; triangular
line before the wing and wing-scale whitish, wings slightly dusky, ner¬
vures fuscous; feet honey-yellow, posterior tarsi black-brown; tergum
black, segments each with a yellow band, of which the four terminal
ones are interrupted in the middle; venter pale honey-yellow.”

.Maine, Connecticut, New York. Pennsylvania.

A male from Connecticut agrees entirely with the description by
Say, but I do not feel certain that it is the male of JY. ventralis.

Several 9 from Pennsylvania have shorter antennae, and the second
recurrent nervure received very near the intersection of second and
third cells.

17. N. longicornis.

Nematus longicornis, Escholz, Entomogr. 1822, 98, 66.

“Black, with the margin of tergum fuscous, the venter and legs
pale; posterior femora black; costa of wings pale, stigma brown.
Head black, labrum yellowish ; eyes clear gray; length 21 lines; an¬
tennae longer than the moiety of body, setaceous, black; corselet black,
its anterior border forming a yellowish collar; abdomen wide, flat;
back brownish; lateral margins of a clear yellow ; venter yellow ; wings
longer than the body, narrow, transparent, costa yellow, stigma and
nervures brown; three discoidal cells; legs yellow; posterior femora
black-brown in the middle.”

Isle of Unalaska, Bus. America.

18. N. proximatus.

Nematus proximatus, Norton, Bost. Troc. viii, 1861, 12, 9.

Black ; outer orbits, mouth, tegulse, apex of venter and legs, in part, reddish-
yellow. Length 0.22. Br. wings 0.50 inch.

% . Shining black; body slender; antennae two-thirds the length of
body, flattened, third joint shorter than fourth ; lower ocellus in a
wide, flattened basin; the whole outer orbit to suture, and a very nar¬
row inner orbital line, base of antennae and face below, (palpi dark,)
tegulae, upper and hinder edge of anterior angle, apex of abdomen, and

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

203

two or three apical segments of venter pale reddish-yellow; legs same
color; basal half of coxae, a slender, rather obsolete line on femora
above and beneath nearly to tip, black ; the posterior tarsi blackish ;
inner claw-tooth large, near to outer tooth; wings hyaline, stigma and
costa pale.

9 • Antennae hardly half the length of body, scarcely flattened,
third and fourth joints equal, sutures distinct, more of black upon the
femora at base than in the males ; body slender.

31 aine, Massachusetts, Connecticut. Six S , seven 9 . The anten¬
nae of this species are of equal size to the fourth joint, each joint a lit¬
tle globose in the middle.

19. N. pallicornis.

NematuH pallicornis, Harris, Cat. Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 160, 11, 9.

Black; antennae fuscous: body at times with a ferruginous tinge ; labrum,
tegulse, anterior angle, vertex more or less pale reddish-yellow. Length 0.16 —
0.20. Br. wings 0.36 — 0.44 inch.

9 . Black; body short and rather stout; antennae moderate, slender,
third joint longer than fourth, the basal joint black, the remainder
ferruginous, darkest above ; lower ocellus in a large basin, nasus emar-
ginate; orbits and spot about antennae reddish, nasus and mouth be¬
neath white; tegulae, anterior angle and venter reddish-yellow, the
base of coxae black, remainder of coxae and trochanters white, remain¬
der of legs yellow-red, paler before; at times the hinder tarsi are fus¬
cous, and the hinder femora and apex of tibiae obscure; inner tooth of
claws large and near the tip. Wings hyaline, stigma at base and apex
and base of costa white.

S . The male has the antennae paler and the whole venter yellowish.

Var. a. % . A triangular, dark rufous spot on the pleura. (Illinois.)

Massachusetts, Maine, Illinois.

This is very much like JV. joroximatus, but differs in the form of the
antennae.

20. N. obscurus.

Ncmatus obscurus, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 160, 13, 9 •

Dull black ; tegulse, base of abdomen and knees indistinctly ferruginous
Length 0.2o. Br. wings 0.58 inch.

9 . Black, pubescent; third joint of antennae a little longer than
fourth; clypeus crenate, labrum brownish-red, shining ; mandibles ru¬
fous at tip; palpi pale; a longitudinal groove upon scutellum; basal
membrane, sides of tergum, knees and front of tibiae indistinctly fer¬
ruginous ; abdomen stout; wings faintly clouded; stigma dull fuscous,
costa black.

Massachusetts.

204

EDWARD NORTON.

21. N. s. pisum.

Nematus s. pisum, Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, vi, 1866, 259.

Length 9, 0.11— .14; %, 0.22— .26 inch. Br. wing 9,0.13— .17; %, 0.13—
.14 inch.

“ 9 . Shining greenish-white. A quadrate spot enclosing the ocelli,
and extending behind onto the disk of the occiput, but not reaching
the antennae nor the eyes, a dot above the origin of the antennae and
tips of the mandibles black. Clypeus deeply emarginate. Labruin
rounded at tip. Antennae three-fifths as long as body ; joints 3 — 5
subequal, the scape black, the flagellum brown-black. Thorax black,
with the tegulse, and anterior angle, except its lower angle, greenish-
white. Abdomen black, with the venter and the tip of dorsal segment
8, and its side-plates indistinctly pale. Cerci whitish, dark-tipped.
Legs pale greenish-white, the tarsal tips, especially in the hinder legs,
and the tips of their tibiae fuscous. Wings hyaline, veins black, stig¬
ma fuscous.

% . Differs only from female in having larger black spots upon the
venter and occiput and only two edges of anterior angle pale. The an¬
tennae are four-fifths the length of body, the scape black, the flagellum
brown-black above, palpi dull green beneath, upper and hind margin
of collar pale.

The gall made by it is found on Salix discolor. A subspherical, pea¬
like, hollow, pale yellowish-green gall, always growing on the under
side of the leaf and almost always from one of the side-veins, in one
case from the main rib, and attached to the leaf by only a minute por¬
tion of its surface, 0.18 — .28 inch in diameter, and a few, immature,
only .08 in diameter. Almost invariably there is but one gall to the leaf,
but on four leaves there were two, and occasionally two are confluent.
Surface in some smooth and even, without pubescence, in others a lit¬
tle shrivelled, generally studded in the medium-sized ones with four to
twelve small, robustly conical nipples, which in the larger ones have
burst into a scabrous brown scar. Only in three out of sixty-two was
there any rosy cheek, as in $. pomum. The point of attachment is
marked on the upper side of the leaf by a brown sub-hemispherical de¬
pression.

Larva. — August 25th, apparently eighteen-footed, no anal prolegs
being visible. When at rest it elevated its entire abdomen behind the
true legs in the air. Length 0.17 — .23 inch ; color whitish hyaline;
head slightly dusky ; mouth dusky; eye spots circular and black; an¬
al segment equal in length to two of the others and apparently divided
in two by a transverse medial suture. The larva goes under ground to

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

205

transform, for out of fifty galls all but three were bored, and in those,
when opened, larvae which had perished when immature were found.”

Hock Island, Ill.

Two £ , three $ . April 27 — June 9. This is apparently the same
with a species from Connecticut and Illinois previously named by me
N. ivfinmus but the description not published.

22. N. brunneus.

Nematus brunneus, Norton, Proe. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, 1864, 8, 10, <p ■

Head and thorax brown; abdomen and legs yellowish, wings hyaline.
Long 0.26. Br. wings 0.62 inch.

9 . Color ochre-brown ; antennae black, about half the length of bo¬
dy, second joint a little longer than fourth ; a sort of W-shaped depres¬
sion above ocelli; lower ocellus in a flat, distinctly enclosed, obovate
space, separated from the groove on ridge between antennae, which is
slender; nasus incurved, edge of labrum almost square ; head and tho¬
rax dark ochre brown ; mouth, tegulae, anterior angle, basal plates, ab¬
domen and most part of legs yellowish ; tips of posterior tibiae and
their tarsi fuscous; wings faintly smoky ; stigma and costa pale ; se¬
cond submarginal with two angles beneath.

Rocky Mountains, Colorado, (Coll. Am*. Ent. Soc.) One specimen.

23. Nematus rufo-fasciatus, n. sp.

Black; a band on middle of abdomen and most part of legs rufous; wings
smoky-hyaline. Length 0.34. Br. wings 0.70 inch.

9. Black; body long and moderately stout; antennae about two-
thirds the length of body, slender, cylindrical, third joint but little
longer than fourth ; head dull, with coarse, confluent punctures; nasus
coarsely punctured, deeply channelled across the middle, angulate,
emarginate; edge of labrum incurved; outer orbit and a spot opposite
ocelli on each side, labrum and palpi rufous; upper half of anterior
angle and basin on each side of scutel rufous ; abdomen, except the
basal plates and three apical segments, chestnut-red; legs the same co¬
lor; coxm, except at tip, black ; anterior inner tibia 1 spur stout, appa¬
rently bifid ; inner claw tooth large. Wings smoky-hyaline, nervures
piceous, stigma and costa pale.

Mackenzie River, Hudson’s Bay Territory, (R. Ivennicott).

24. N. erythrogaster.

Nematus erythrogaster, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iii, 1864, 8, 12, 9-

Black; the collar and abdomen, except at base, rufous; wings hyaline.
Length 0.28. Br. wings 0.60 inch.

9 . Body moderately stout; antennae more than half the length of
body, slender, joints not enlarged at tips, third longer than fourth ;
head rugose, with a trilobate basin, enclosing ocelli; nasus moderately

206

EDWARD NORTON.

incurved ; labrutn piceous ; tegulse, anterior angle and the abdomen,
except the two basal segments, rufous ; legs varied ; the coxm, tro¬
chanters. intermediate tibia; and tarsi, and a band at base of the hinder
tibiae white; the four hinder femora and apex of intermediate tibiae
rufous; apex of hinder femora and apical two-thirds of their tibiae and
the tarsi black. Wings perfectly clear, stigma fuscous, costa pale.

Massachusetts, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) One 9 ■

25. N. luteo-tergum.

Nematus luteo-tergum, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 161, 14, b .

Black; mouth whitish, an orbital line, the abdomen and anterior legs rufous,
wings subviolaceous.

Length b , 0.24. Br. wings 0.50 inch.

Length 9- 0.62. Br. wings 0.66 inch.

9. Body long and not very stout; antennae about half the length
of body, flattened, third joint shorter than fourth; lower ocellus in a
basin; head dull, with coarse, confluent punctures; nasus wide and
distinctly notched; mandibles with a strong inner tooth; an axe¬
shaped spot beneath the antennae; nasus, labrum, base of mandibles
and the anterior angle whitish, (the latter with a black, round central
spot); orbits without and a separate spot opposite ocelli within, red¬
dish ; tegulae dark ; basal membrane and abdomen chestnut-red, at the
basal segment blackish ; legs black ; the two anterior pair in front, be¬
low the middle of femora and the base of posterior coxae varying from
reddish-white to piceous; inner anterior tarsal spur bifid; inner tooth
of claws large; wings with a violaceous tinge; nervures piceous.

b . The antennae of male are longer, the axe-shaped spot below an¬
tennae, most of the outer orbital mark, and the pale anterior angle are
wantiug and the legs are more varied with piceous ; wings almost hya¬
line.

M aine ; Connecticut. Two 9 , two b.

26. N. fur.

Nematus fur, Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, vi, 1866, 263, b-
Length % , 0.39 inch. Br. wing, b > 0.38 inch.

“ b . Black ; head opaque, very minutely and closely punctate, ru¬
gose. Clypeus, labrum, the extreme tip of the cheek and the base of
the mandibles all dull greenish-white. Clypeus emarginate in a circu¬
lar arc of about 45°, with a small tubercle in the middle of its anterior
margin. Labrum full as long as wide, its tip rounded. Antennae
black, four-fifths as long as body, rather more compressed than is usual
in b , fourth and fifth joints equal in length, third shorter by one-
fourth. Thorax opaque, very minutely rugose, subpolished on the pec¬
tus; a pale subtriangular tubercle on the lateral margin of the black,

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

207

subpolished, basal plate. Abdomen subpolished, bright fulvo-rufous,
the basal edge of joiut one, next the basal membrane, which is whitish,
clouded with black. Genitals obfuscated. Legs black. Wings sub¬
hyaline, slightly tinged with fuliginous, veins aud stigma black.

Rock Island, Ill.

One £ bred March 29, from an old subpeduncled spherical gall of
Cecidomyia s. batalis, Walsh, on S. humi/is. 9 unknown. As the
mother Sawfly must have deposited her egg in this gall after the gall-
maker had quit it, or not long before, it is a question if this species can
be considered an Inquiline.”

There is very little doubt but this is the same with Ar. luteo-tergum ,
£ , which only differs in having the legs in part piceous and in being
somewhat smaller.

27. Neniatus Hudsonicus. n. sp.

Black; orbits, mouth, tegulae, anterior angle, venter and legs, except a black
line on two posterior pair, white. Length 0.3S. Br. wings 0.76 inch.

9 . Antennae less than half as long as body, joints cylindrical, some¬
what enlarged at tip, third and fourth of equal length ; sutures at sides
of ocelli deep; ocelli in a triangular basin; nasus very slightly emar-
ginate; orbits, space about antennae and mouth beneath, teg u he, ante¬
rior angle (a black line in middle) and the venter whitish ; the latter
with a row of black spots on each side forming an interrupted black
line; scutel large, produced behind to a slightly raised angle; legs dull
white, wTith the basal upper half of anterior femora, a line down the
upper side of posterior femora and tibiae and their tarsi black ; anterior
inner spur of tibiae blunt, bifid, inner tooth of claw large. Wings hya¬
line, stigma and costa brown, emargination of stigma distinct.

Fort Good Hope, Mackenzie River, Hudson’s Ray Territory, (R.
Kennicott.) One 9 •

28. Nematus sumptus n. sp.

Black ; mouth, orbits and tegulre white, basal half of abdomen, spot on pleu¬
ra and most part of legs rufous. Length 0.28. Br. wings 0.02 inch.

£ . Body long; head large; mouth below antennae, the outer orbits
extending over the back of head and a narrow inner orbital line inter¬
rupted opposite ocelli yellow ; nasus emarginate ; tegulae and anterior
angle whitish ; abdomen chestnut-red, the two apical segments black¬
ish ; an indistinct, piceous, perpendicular spot on pleura near breast;
coxae and trochanters whitish, remainder of legs rufous, paler before,
except the posterior tibiae and tarsi, which are blackish ; hinder tibiae
somewhat swelled; inner tooth of claws very obtuse, hardly visible.
Wings hyaline, faintly smoky, stigma dark brown.

Maine, (A. S. Packard.) One £ .

208

EDWARD NORTON.

20. Nematus pleuricus, n. sp.

Black; orbits, mouth, pleura, venter and legs whitish. Length 0.36. Br.
wings 0.72 inch.

9 . Antennae about half the length of body, fuscous beneath, joints
cylindrical, slightly enlarged at tips, third and fourth joints equal; su¬
tures deep, lower ocellus in a circular depression; nasus hardly incurv¬
ed ; a wide orbital line (interrupted opposite ocelli), space between and
all beneath antennae, tegulte, anterior angle, (with a black spot in mid¬
dle), breast before anterior coxae, pleura, (lower edge straight and
sharply defined), a spot on each side of scute], and a narrow line on
sinus between scutel and wings, forming an interrupted band from
wing to wing, reddish-yellow; apex of abdomen and venter the same
color, the latter blackish toward base ; legs of same color, basal half of
coxae and base of femora black ; posterior tibiae at tip and the tarsi
fuscous; inner tooth of claw obtuse, distinct from tip; wings hyaline,
stigma and costa white, an emargination at base of stigma.

Fort Resolution, Great Slave Lake, (R. Kennicott, Smiths. Inst.)
One 9 •

30. N. ventricosus.*

Nematus ( tenthredo ) ventricosus, Klug, Berl. Mag. 1819.

Bouehe., Nat. Ins. 1834, 140. Larva on cur¬
rant and gooseberry.

Hartig, Aderf. Deutseh. 1837, 196.

Nematus ( tenthredo ) affinis, Lepel, % , Mon. Tenth. 1823, 69.

Nematus (tenthredo) 3-maculatus, Lepel, 9* Mon. Tenth. 1823, 69.

Nematus (tenthredo) grossularioe, Dahlb., 1835. Gooseberry.

Nematus (tenthredo) grossulariatus, Dahlb., 1835. Gooseberry.

Nematus ribesii, Stephens, Ill. Brit. Ins. Mand. vii, 1835, p. 32. Red currant.

Nematus ribis, Leduc., Mem. Soc. Sc. Natur. Seine et Oise ii, 1846. White
and red currants.

* Having been absent from the time Mr. Walsh published his description
until now, and having no perfect American specimens in my collection, and no
time to examine authorities, I give Mr. Walsh’s descriptions and conclusions
as fully as the space will allow.

Several specimens, injured on the way, from Prof. Winchell, agree in the
main, but I note several points. In the 9 there is a rufous spot above the eye,
prolonged down the inner orbit. The antenme have little if any rufous color,
the third joint longest, and a wide semi-obscure band across most of the seg¬
ment of tergura. In the male the spots above the eyes are very obscure and
the thorax wholly black, except the tegulse and anterior angle, shaded into very
obscure ferruginous, where it is palest in the 9- The inner claw tooth is large
and near the tip.

There is very little doubt that this is a European importation which has thri¬
ven, as is not uncommon, even more in this country than at home, in wide sec¬
tions destroying the currant and gooseberry bushes so as to render them use¬
less.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

209

j Wematus ( selandria ) ribis, Winchell, Am. Jour. Sc.' and Arts, 1864, 291. Red
currant.

Ncviafus venlricosus, Walsh, Prac. Ent. I, 1866, 124.

Length 9-0-22— .28; £,,0.20 — .22. Br. wings, 9 > 0.53 — . 64 ; '£,,.44 — .51 inch.

“9- Bright honey-yellow. Head black; parts between and below
the origin of the antennas, except tip of mandibles, dull honey-yellow.
Antennae brown-black, often tinged with rufous above toward apex
and dull rufous beneath, except the two basal joints, four-fifths as long
as body, third joint, viewed laterally, four times as long as wide, joints
3 — 5 equal in length. In two females the antennae are ten-jointed,
the tenth slender and as long as ninth. Thorax, with the anterior
lobe above, a wide stripe on the disk of each lateral lobe, which is rare¬
ly reduced to a mere dot on the whole of each lateral lobe, a spot at
the base and tip of scutel, the two sometimes confluent or subobsolete,
a small spot at the outer end of each cenchrus and a transverse gemi¬
nate spot between them, the tip of metathoracic scutel, the front and
hind edge of basal plates or rarely its whole surface above, the whole
surface of the breast between the front and middle legs, or rarely two
large spots arranged crossways on that surface, all black. Abdomen,
with segments one and two, rarely edged at tip with black. Sheath
of ovipositor tipped more or less with black, the surrounding parts
sometimes more or less tinged with dusky. Legs bright honey-yellow;
all the coxae and trochanters whitish; the extreme tip of the hind
shanks and the whole of the hind tarsi brown-black. Wings glassy,
veins and stigma brown-black, the latter as well as the costa marked
with dull honey-yellow. In one female the three submarginal cross¬
veins in one wing are wanting and the first only is present in the other.
In others several of these are absent.

£> . Differs from 9 in having the antennae with not so much of ru¬
fous, as long as the body, vertically more dilated. Thorax (black,)
with the wing-scales and entire collare honey-yellow. Abdomen with
more or less of its sides, the extreme tip above and its entire inner
surface honey-yellow. In two £> the middle submarginal cross-vein is
wanting, so that they might be mistaken for Euura.”

Western New York; Michigan.

Described from twenty-two £> and thirteen 9, by Mr. Walsh. He
describes the larva as follows : The eggs are laid on the ribs of the un¬
der side of the leaf, and the larvae when hatched begin by eating little
circular holes directly through the leaf. 11 Length f inch. Pale green,
verging on yellow toward the tail. Head black, polished, with numer¬
ous short hairs proceeding from minute tubercles. Mouth, except the

(27) august, 1867.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

210

EDWARD NORTON.

mandibles, pale green. Joints of the body above with rows of small,
shining black tubercles placed crossways, in the mature specimens
having no hairs, except in the larger tubercles on the sides. First
joint behind the head with a single row of dorsal tubercles; joints two
and three each with a double row; joints 4 — 12 with a treble row;
the anal plate black, polished, and prolonged at each posterior angle in
a slender, acute thorn, and hairy, beside the triple row of tubercles be¬
fore it, a group of six or eight on each side and directly before it. A
longitudinal row of larger lateral black tubercles on joints 2 — 12, one
on each joint, beneath which is a geminate black tubercle above each
proleg, all of these bearing many hairs. Legs black, the sutures pale
green. Prolegs fourteen, pale green, all but the two anal ones with a
few minute black dots toward their tip in front. Joints 4 — 11 with¬
out prolegs.”

Prof. Winchell describes the larvte and its habits as follows:

The larvae feed on the leaf of the red currant. They are twenty-
footed, (six pectoral, twelve abdominal and two caudal). First seen
by him May 23d. “The full-grown larva is three-fourths of an inch
in length, color pale green ; head, tail and feet black, with numerous
black spots regularly arranged around the body, from the summit of
each of which proceeds one, two or more short stiff hairs.” They be¬
gin upon the leaves near the ground, eating all the tissue of the leaf,
and working upward destroy all the leaves. They passed into the
ground and all disappeared about the 23d of June. On the 16th of
June a swarm was seen under the currant bushes, mostly males, gene¬
rally sluggish, but at intervals excited, especially when a female ap¬
peared. The female proceeded at once to deposit her eggs, which were
cylindrical, whitish and transparent, in regular rows along the under¬
side of the nerves of the leaves, at the rate of about one in 45 seconds.
The embryo escaped from the egg in four clays. When it first escaped
it was one-tenth of an inch long. It became one-third longer in twen¬
ty-four hours. It attained its full growth by June 25th. It then
moulted and descended into the ground.

Summary. — “First brood May 17th. First larvae May 21st. Moulting and bur¬
rowing June 3d.

Second brood June 16th. Second larvae June 25th. Moulting and
burrowing June 28th.

Incubation of ovum three or four days; feeding, moulting and bur¬
rowing eight days. Time in ground of first brood 13 days, life
of fly 9 days.”

Prof. Winchell thinks that the larva changed its skin but once.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

211

These insects appear in great numbers, and for several years have
almost destroyed the crop of currants in parts of New York and Michi¬
gan.

31. Nematus lateralis, n. sp.

Black ; orbits, face below antennae, pleura, body beneath, (except breast,) and
legs, pale. Length 0.38. Br. wings 0.76 inch.

9 . Antennae half the length of body, joints cylindrical, 3d and 4th
equal, slightly enlarged at tips; suture at sides of ocelli deep, lower
ocellus in a shallow circular space which has a distinct ridge around
its upper half; nasus produced, distinctly emarginate in middle and at
sides; tongue and palpi dark, last joint of maxillary palpi shorter than
the preceding ; the whole orbits as far as sutures, two spots behind
ocelli, a spot above antennae, space around and face below, reddish-
white; sutures of metathorax and a bent line between upper wings
crossing upper half of scute!, rufous ; tegulae, anterior angle, pleura
and body beneath, except a black spot on breast, reddish-white; legs
the same color; tarsi fuscous, a slender black line on the upper and
lower side of femora and less distinctly on the posterior tibiae ; anterior
inner tibial spur bifid, inner claw tooth large and near the tip; wings
hyaline, nervures black, stigma pale, with little or no emargination
above; second recurrent nervure received at a distance from the inter¬
section of second and third cells.

Var. Abdomen almost entirely pale.

Thi •ee 9 • Brunswick, Me., (A. S. Packard.) Albany, N. Y., (Dr.
Peck).

32. N. desmodioides.

Nematus desmodioides, Walsh, Proe. Ent.. Soc. Phil., vi, 1866, 257, 9 % •

Length 9 , 0.15— .19, % , 0.11— .13. Br. wing 9 , 0.17
, — 0.20, £ , 0.17.

“ 9 . Shining greenish-white. A quadrate spot enclosing ocelli
nearly reaching to antennae, never touching the eyes, and tips of man¬
dibles, black. Clypeus emarginate in an arc of about 90°. Labrum
rounded at tip. Occiput with a more or less dark black cloud on its
upper disk confluent with ocellar spot, and generally concealing the
sutural black lines. Antennae one-half as long as body, joints 3 — 5
subequal, 9 sometimes as long as 8, the scape black, flagellum brown-
black. Thorax black, with the tegulae, anterior angle, except a lateral
black spot, a pair of transverse spots on the scutel and sometimes con¬
tiguous, and a large, obscurely defiued, triangular spot on the pleura,
greenish-white. Barely (2 9 out of 8 9 ) the mesonotum is dull rufous,
with a broad black vitta reaching from the collare to the scutel, and

212

EDWARD NORTON.

the extreme tip of scutel black, as in many S. pomum 9 ■ Abdomen,
except generally the extreme tip, black above, in lateral plates black
toward the base of the abdomen, greenish-white toward its tip. Cerci
usually greenish-white. Ovipositor greenish-white, sheaths black. Ven¬
ter always immaculate, tinged more or less with honey-yellow. Legs
greenish-white, the hinder pair tinged with honey-yellow ; tips of
hinder tibia? and of all the tarsi more or less dusky. Wings hyaline,
veins black ; costa and stigma pale dusky ; basal half of stigma green¬
ish-white. In one wing of one 9 and also of one "S the third sub¬
marginal cell is wanting.

% ■ Differs from 9 in having the ocellar spot and that on the occi¬
put larger, the first sometimes touching the eyes. Antennae two-thirds
as long as body. Thorax black, except the teg ul a? and two edges of
anterior angle, and the venter greenish-white, lateral plates black, their
terminal joints obscure. The legs not tinged with yellow.

The gall is found on S. humilis. It is smooth, flattish. fleshy, ses¬
sile, yellowish-green, monothalamous, semicircular, in general shape
like the seed of a Desmodium or the quarter of an orange. It is about
equally divided between the two surfaces of the leaf; no rosy cheek.
Generally there is but one gall on a leaf; one leaf was seen with three
upon it. Length 0.23 — .50 inch. 131 specimens. Gall mature
July 30th.

Larva. Three or four of these July 30th, did not apparently differ
from those of N. pomum examined the same day. When the larva
quits feeding in the gall there remains nothing of it but a shell as thin
as paper. All the images bred pupized inside the gall, but there was
no earth within the breeding-vase.

Two £ , eight 9 , bred April 2 — 15. At times this is much like
S. pomum, but differs in having the breast black. It is very much
like W. lateralis , Norton, but is much smaller and has the femora of
one color.

33. N. fulvipes.

Nematus fulvipes, Harris’ Cat.

Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 159, 10, ^ .

Black ; orbits, mouth, tcgulre, anterior angle, pleura, venter and most of legs
yellow-red. Length 0.22. Br. wings 0.44 inch.

£ 9. Body slender. Antenna? moderate, very slender; head rough¬
ened above; nasus deeply emarginate ; the orbits, interrupted opposite
ocelli, face below antenna?, tegulae, anterior angle, pleura (pleura with
a waxen appearance), apex of abdomen, and venter yellow-red, breast
black; legs fulvous, paler before; trochanters white; posterior tarsi

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

213

black ; inner tooth of claw large and near to tip. Wings hyaline, stig¬
ma and costa pale.

M ass., Conn , Labr. Two £ , one 9 .

34. N. crassus-

Nematus crassus. Escholz., Entomog. 1822, 97, 65.

‘•Black; sides of the head, lines on the thorax, scutellum and pleura, chest¬
nut; tibire pale. Length 4 lines.

Body thick. Head black in the middle, of a nut-brown on the sides ;
parts of the mouth yellow. Antennae longer than the moiety of the
body, filiform, black ; border of the corselet brown ; two longitudinal
lines on the thorax, seutel and the greater part of the sides of the tho¬
rax of a chestnut-brown ; abdomen convex, shining black ; wings lon¬
ger than the body, wide, transparent, stigma and costa yellow, nervures
brown ; marginal cell simple, extending almost to the tip ; three dis-
coidal cells; legs yellow; a long black spot under the anterior femora;
posterior femora black, at the extremity yellow.

Isle of Unalaschka, Russ. Am.” Not seen.

35. Nematus placentus, n. sp.

Black: thorax trilineate with black; most part of head, prothorax, sutures
of metathorax, seutel, pleura, a spot on breast, edges of tergum and venter yel¬
low-white. Length 0.28, Br. wings 0.68 inch.

9 - Body stout. Antennae moderate, slender, final joint very slen¬
der; head pale; a spot about ocelli, two longitudinal oval spots below
and back of head black; tegulae and prothorax, metathorax, (with
three black vittae on the lobes), seutel, sides and apex of tergum, ven¬
ter, pleura varying from ochraceous to whitish, and pectus black, with
a large pale spot in its centre; coxae, trochanters, the four anterior
legs, except a black line on the upper side of femora, ochraceous; pos¬
terior legs black, with both ends of femora and the basal half of tibiae
beneath pale. Wings hyaline, stigma pale in middle.

£ . The male differs in having the legs entirely pale below the
coxae.

Var. £ . The mesothorax wholly black. (Canada.)

Labrador, (A. 8. Packard,) Canada. One 9 , two £ •

This seems allied to N. lateralis.

36. N. inquilinus.

Nematus iuquilinus, Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, vi, 1866, 260, 9 £ •

Length 9 0.22 — .26, £ 0.20 inch. Br. wing 9 0.24 —
.27, £ 0.42 inch.

“ 9 • Shining honey-yellow. A quadrate spot enclosing the ocelli,
not reaching antennae nor touching orbit, and the tips of mandibles
black. Clypcus emarginate in an arc of about 120°. Labrum promi-

214

EDWARD NORTON.

nent and rounded at tip. Occiput generally with a discoidal black
cloud. Antennae full one-half as long as body, the scape black, flagel¬
lum brown-black. A broad vitta on the anterior two-thirds of the an¬
terior mesothoracic lobe, sometimes reaching to the scutel, the whole
of the lateral lobes or sometimes only the interior third of each, the
extreme base and tip of scutel, sometimes connected by a black line,
the entire pectus and part of the pleura, so as to leave above a large,
triangular, honey-yellow spot of variable size, and a cloud on lower
corner of anterior angle, black. Metathorax black, the basal plates
occasionally with a discoidal honey-yellow cloud ou each side. Tergum
black, sometimes on all but the last segment, sometimes on one or two
or three basal segments, with several of the following sutures dusky;
venter and side plates honey-yellow, also the cerci, with dusky tips.
Ovipositor greenish-white, its sheaths black. Legs greenish-white, the
hinder pair sometimes pale honey-yellow, the tips of hinder tibise and
all the tips of tarsi dusky. Wings hyaline, veins black ; costa and
stigma pale dusky, sometimes the costa and basal half of stigma dull
greenish-white.

% . Differs from 9 only in having the ocellar spot much larger and
the disk of the occiput black, the anteume two-thirds as long as the
body, the meso- and metathorax entirely black, lateral plates basally
black, the whole of the hind tarsi dusky, the costa and stigma black.

Rock Island, Ill.

One % , three 9 . April 17 — 18 from the Cecidomyidous gall S.
rhodoidcs, Walsh. It is much like the pale variety of Nematus s. des-
modioides, Walsh. It may be the same with N. placentas, n. sp.,
which is, however, larger and with different shades of color. In a spe¬
cimen received from Mr. Walsh I find a central pale spot in middle of
pectus, which is not noted by him in his description.

37. N. longulicornis.*

Nematus longicornis, Say, Bost. Jour, i, 1S35, 219, 3.

Norton, Proc. Bost. Soc. viii, 158, 4, 9 •

Black; orbits, face below antennfe, tegulse, anterior angle, pleura, (except a
black spot,) the whole body beneath and legs whitish. Length 0.26. Br. wings
0.54 inch.

9 . Body rather long. Antennae black, more than two-thirds the
length of body, slender, third and fourth joints equal; head rather
smooth, sutures at sides of ocelli distinct; lower ocellus in a basin,
which is smooth and shining, obovate, with distinct edges; nasus an-
gulate emarginate; labrum emarginate; a spot ou vertex, from antcn-

* Escholz named a Nematus longicornis in 1822.

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

215

nne to summit, and the back of head black ; remainder pale; a slender
ridge runs through the groove on anterior lobe of thorax ; the tegulae,
anterior angle, pleura and whole body beneath whitish, except two
black spots on pleura, the anterior one large and lunulate; seutel black,
sutures of abdomen indistinctly pale; legs pale, with the apical half of
hinder femora and tibia? and their tarsi blackish ; inner tooth of claws
large and near the tip ; wings hyaline, stigma full, nervures and stig¬
ma piceous, base of stigma and costa pale.

% . Antenna? fulvous beneath, third joint shorter than fourth, curv¬
ed at base; a straight black line under the anterior wings, tips of pos¬
terior tibiae blackish, their femora pale, stigma color of costa.

Ia., (Say,) Conn., New York, Penn. Great Slave Lake, Hudson’s
Bay Territory.

38. Nematus trilineatus, n. sp.

Testaceous; spot on vertex, three vittee on thorax, spot on pleura, bands on
tergum, hinder tibiae and tarsi black. Length 0.26. Br. wings 0.50 inch.

9 . Resembles N. longulicornis. Body long and not very stout.
Antenna? long and slender; head testaceous, with a black spot about
ocelli and the enclosed square behind it; back of head pale. Body tes¬
taceous; seutel pale, its hinder third black; three vittae on mesotho-
rax ; part of metathorax, basal plates, a band covering most of each
segment of tergum, and a small spot on pleura below the anterior
wings black ; a large, clear waxen spot covering pleura; breast testa¬
ceous; venter almost white; coxae, trochanters and base of femora
white, the tarsi of four anterior legs above, the hinder tibiae and tarsi
wholly black; remainder of legs testaceous; inner claw tooth large and
near the tip. Wings hyaline, stigma testaceous, costa and nervures
blackish.

Canada, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) Newburgh, N. Y., (W. H. Edwards).
Three 9 •

39. N. vertebratus.

Nematus vertebratus, Say, Best. Jour, i, 1835, 21 S, 9 •

Norton, Best. Proc. viii, 158, 1.

“Green; antennae and spots above blackish. Length one-quarter of an inch.

9- Body pale greeu ; vertex with a black spot; antennae black,
fuscous toward the tip; second and third joints subequal; nasus white,
somewhat bilobate ; labrum not very obtusely rounded before, a little
indented on the disk, white; mandibles piceous at the tip; thorax tri-
lineate with black, seutel black; wings hyaline, nervures blackish, cos¬
tal nervure an d cat pus pale greenish ; tergum with a vitta of blackish
spots, almost obsolete toward the tip, tarsi dusky.”

Indiana.

216

EDWARD NORTON.

A specimen from Connecticut has the antennae hardly half the
length of body ; distinctly fuscous beneath ; the spots on the thorax
covering most of the lobes, scutel black ; legs entirely of one color, tar¬
si fuscous; inner tooth of claw large and near the tip; wings perfectly
clear, costal edge hardly, if at all emarginate. It is smaller than X.
integer , from which it does not differ much. An individual from Penn¬
sylvania has but little black upon the vertex, the vittae on the meso-
thorax small and but one or two on the abdomen, the basal half only
of scutel black ; costa bright green, but three submarginal cells, the
second cross nervure being incomplete.

40. N. integer.

Nematus integer, Say, Bost. Jour, i, 1835, 219, 2, 9 •

Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 158, 2.

Green or red,dish-yellow ; three vittae on thorax; the tergum, posterior tibiae
and tarsi black. Length 0.27. Br. wings 0.56 inch.

9. Greenish-yellow; body rather short and stout; antennae black,
a little more than half the length of body, slender, third and fourth
joints of equal length, sutures about ocelli distinct; lower ocellus in an
obovate basin, edges sharply defined, ridged above ; nasus hardly emar¬
ginate; head whitish behind; a spot on vertex, three vittae on the
lobes of thorax, an oblique spot behind scutel, covering metathorax and
basal plates, and most of the tergum black; scutel pale ; edges of ter-
gum and some of the sutures between its segments whitish; posterior
tibiae and tarsi black ; inner tooth of claws large and near to tip.
Wings hyaline, stigma and costa dull waxen.

Var. a. 9 . Spot on vertex varying in size; the lower half of scutel
is black ; only the tip of posterior tibiae is black; the abdomen is some¬
what flattened ; the emargination at stigma is more distinct in some
than in others.

Maine, Mass., Conn., N. Y., Penna. Indiana, (Say).

Say remarks that this has “no obvious emargination in the costal
edge,” but all the specimens examined have this place more or less
emarginate. They also present variations in the extent of black upon
the tergum. A specimen from New York is reddish-yellow rather
than greenish in color. The black vertical spot extends back over the
occiput.

41. N. s. pomum.

Nematus s. pomum, Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, vi, 1866, 255.

Length 9 0.12 — .22 inch, 'J, 0.17 — .20 inch. Br. wing 9
0.14— .25, % 0.18— .20 inch.

“ 9 . Shining honey-yellow. Head : a quadrate spot about ocelli of
variable size, but separated from the eyes, and the tips of the mandi-

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

217

bles, black. Clypeus emarginate iu an arc of about 90°. Labrum
rounded at tip. The sutures of occiput back of ocelli black, the ele¬
vated trapezoidal space rarely occupied by a black cloud. Antennae
one-half as long as the body, joints 3 — 5 subequal, 9th generally as
long as 8th, the scape black, the flagellum brown-black, its terminal
half often tinged beneath with rufous. Mesothorax always with an ob¬
scure subquadrate spot at the intersection of its sutures, and a more
definite longer one on the anterior half of the anterior lobe, the two of¬
ten confluent; the tip of scutel sometimes and always the entire meta¬
thorax, including the basal plates, black, very rarely the entire meso¬
thorax is black. Pectus immaculate, except iu one dark 9 , is slightly
obfuscated. Tergum, with sometimes the basal edge of first segment
only, black, and all the sutures toward the base dusky ; usually with
more or less of its basal half black, rarely with the whole or nearly its
whole surface black or blackish ; venter always immaculate, lateral
plates very rarely ( 9 ) basally black. Ovipositor honey-yellow, its
sheaths black. Legs honey-yellow ; coxae and trochanters of the two
anterior pair more or less whitish, tips of all six tarsi lightly obfuscated
and sometimes the extreme tips of hinder tibiae. Wings hyaline, veins
black, costa honey-yellow, base of stigma honey-yellow. Third sub¬
marginal cell usually longer than wide, sometimes equal, very rarely or
only in a single wing three or four times wider than long or obsolete.

% . Differs from 9 only as follows : The quadrate spot on vertex is
larger and often more or less confluent with the eyes, and never sepa¬
rated but by a capillary orbit. The occiput, except a narrow orbit,
black. Antennae two-thirds as long as body, almost invariably dull ru¬
fous above, or bright rufous or pale green beneath, except toward the
base, very rarely as in 9 . The entire thorax black, except the tegu-
lae and two edges of anterior angle. Tergum black, sometimes 1, or 1
and 5, or two or three terminal segments slightly tipped with yellow;
lateral plates clouded, especially towards base, venter immaculate. Cos¬
ta scarcely pale, only extreme base of stigma whitish.

Twenty-six £ and forty-six 9 bred April 16 — 25. The gall S.
pomum found on Salix cordata and very rarely on S. discolor. A
smooth, fleshy, sessile, globular or slightly oval monothalamous gall,
like a minature apple, 0.30 — .55 inch diameter, growing on one side
of the midrib of a leaf, and extending to its edge or beyond it. The
principal part of the gall projects from the under side of the leaf; very
rarely it is bisected by the leaf. Color greenish-yellow, sometimes
with a rosy cheek, especially the upper surface, and often with little

(28) august, 1867.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

218

EDWARD NORTON.

dots. Fully mature July 31st. An analagous gall is formed in Europe
on various willows by Nematus gallicola, Westw.

Larva. May 24th it is only about 0.10 long. June 11 it is white,
0.10 — .13 long. July 24 0.15 long. July 30 0.15 — .20 long, pale
greenish-white; head pale brown. Legs freely moveable. There was
no earth in the jar in which the galls were placed, and most of the co¬
coons were spun in the galls and a few between them.”

Sept. 9th Mr. Walsh noticed three larvae creeping about in the jar,
0.35 — .40 in length, pale cinereous, with pale dusky markings, which
he thought belonged to the Inquilinous genus N. mendicus, one of
which was bred in the spring from the same lot of galls.

Hock Island, Ill.

42. N. hospes.

Nematus hospes, Walsh, Froc. Ent. Soc. Phil, vi, 18(56, 261, 9 £ •

“Absolutely indistinguishable from the normal type of the gall-mak¬
ing N. s. pomum £ 9 > except that in £ the lateral plates of the ab¬
domen are blacker and, as in some £ 8. pomum , the first dorsal seg¬
ment in £ is lightly tipped with yellow. Length 9 0.18 — .19, £ 0.17
inch. Hr. wings 9 0.40 — .42, £ 0.36 inch.”

llock Island, 111.

One £ , two 9 bred from Cecidomyidous gall S. strobiloides, O. S.,
April 7 — 8, and consequently they appear to be inquilinous.

43. Nematus trivittatus, n. sp.

Color greenish- white ; a spot on vertex, and three vittae on thorax black ; an¬
tennae long and slender. Length 0.28. Br. wings 0.62 inch.

9 . Body stout; antennae black above, pale beneath, nearly as long
as body, slender, cylindrical, slightly enlarged at tips, third and fourth
joints equal; head as in N. integer; nasus with a wide emargination ;
a spot on vertex, and three vittae on the lobes of mesothorax black ; a
deep groove on anterior lobe; scutel and abdomen pale greenish (some¬
times reddish-yellow) ; legs pale, apical joints of tarsi fuscous; inner
claw tooth large and near the tip. Wings perfectly hyaline, stigma,
costa and nervures of apical half greenish or brownish, of basal half
blackish.

Mackenzie Hiver and Great Slave Lake, Hudson’s Bay Territory,
(Kennicott, Smiths. Inpt.) Illinois, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

Three specimens. One from Fort Resolution, Great Slave Lake,
has the a tennae a little shorter and two or three small black spots at
the base of the abdomen.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

219

44. N. bivittatus. »

Nematus bivittatus, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 158, 3, 9-
Orange-yellow ; head, two vittse on mesothorax, base of seutel, metathorax,
a spot on breast, and spots on abdomen, black. Length 0.18 — 0.22. Br. wings
0.45 inch.

9 . Body stout; antennae black, more than half the length of body,
third, fourth and fifth joints equal, rather stout; head above antennae
entirely black, rugose below summit, sutures indistinct; lower ocellus
in a kind of depression, from which (generally) radiates three chan¬
nels downward; nasus not emarginate; clypeus notched before; a
space between antennae and the mouth beneath whitish; two vittas on
the side lobes of mesothorax, basal half of seutel, metathorax and basal
plates, a spot on pectus, sides of second segment, and a spot in middle
of most of the following segments of tergum black ; pleura waxen
above, its lower third and most of the pectus deep orange ; legs the
color of body, with the trochanters whitish, tips of posterior tibiae and
their tarsi black; inner claw tooth large and near tip; wings hyaline;
stigma and costa blackish, the latter paler at base ; first submarginal
cross line sometimes obsolete.

Mass., Conn. Four 9 .

45. Nematus aureopectus, n. sp.

Ockraceous : antennae, turn vittse on mesothorax, the metathorax and tergum
black. Length 0.34. Br. wings 0.64 inch.

9 . Short and stout; antennae black, over half the length of body,
third and fourth joints equal; head smooth above, face below ocelli
rugose, sutures obsolete; nasus wide, with a moderate semicircular
notch ; head pale, with a small dusky or blackish spot about ocelli ; two
vittae on side lobes of mesothorax, with an indistinct line down the
groove of forward lobe ; lower half of seutel, metathorax and tergum
black ; edges of tergum color of body; upper part of pleura waxen, its
lower third and pectus orange colored and pilose; legs color of body,
the base of posterior coxae, tips of their tibiae and tarsi blackish-brown;
inner claw tooth obtuse and removed from the tip; wings hyaline,
stigma and costa pale; second submarginal cell with oue angle beneath,
the second recurrent nervure coinciding with intersection of second
and third cells. •

Mass., (S. II. Sc-udder); New York, (J. Akhurst) ; Penn., (Smiths.
Inst.)

The head is wider and the body stouter than in the preceding spe¬
cies, and the inner spur of anterior tibiae is apparently bifid.

220

EDWARD NORTON.

46. N. mendicus.

Nematus mendicus, Walsli, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, vi, 1866, 261, 9 b •

Length 9 0.22 — .24, % 0.18 inch. Br. wing 9 0.23 —
.25, 'J, 0.19 inch.

“ 9 • Pale grass-green. Head rufous around the ocelli, sometimes
tinged with rufous throughout. Eyes, ocelli, a dot behind, and gene¬
rally one at each end of a transverse carina half way between the ante¬
rior ocellus and the antennae, sometimes a dot outside of each antennae
and always the tips of the mandibles, black. Clypeus emarginate in a
circular arc of 90° — 120°. Antennae slender, as long as body, joints
3 — 5 subequal, 4th sometimes a trifle longer than either; the scape
black, with joint 2 sometimes pale rufous below, the flagellum brown-
black, generally dull rufous or reddish-brown above, except toward the
base, and always bright rufous beneath, except at extreme base. Tho¬
rax tinged with rufous, especially above; a coarse longitudinal line on
the disk of each lateral lobe, sometimes with a dot inside its posterior
end, and sometimes a slenderer longitudinal line on the front of the
anterior lobe, a band near the tip of the scutel, a pair of transverse
dots in the hollow behind it, an abbreviated band on the succeeding
carina, generally in the hollow between the carina and the basal plate
an abbreviated transverse line, and sometimes the edges of the basal
plate bordering the basal membrane, all black. Abdomen sometimes
tinged with rufous; segment 1 sometimes with the edge bordering the
basal membrane and an obscure dot on its dorsal tip black. Oviposi¬
tor sheaths tipped with fuscous. Legs greenish-white ; tip of hinder
tibiae and all the tarsi more or less fuscous. Wings hyaline, veins
black; costa and stigma pale green.

£ . Differs from the normal 9 only as follows : The body is slenderer
in proportion than usual, general color whitish. A quadrate black spot
encloses the ocelli, includes the dot on the occiput and the two behind
the antennae. The antennae are one-fourth longer than body, the scape
black, the first joint basally green, the flagellum rufous above, bright
rufous beneath. The entire meso- and metathorax is black. On the
tergum the basal 2 — 4 of segments 1 — 6, nearly the whole of 7, and a
dorsal line on 8 are all superiorly black ; lateral plates all whitish ; ba¬
sal membrane whitish.”

Rock Island, Ill.

One 9 , three 9 , Inquilinous. “One 9 bred from the Ten thredi-
nidous gall S. pomum of the preceding year’s growth, May 2d. An¬
other 9 from the Cecidomyidous gall S. brassicoules , Walsh, August
5th, of the same year’s growth. In this the transverse carina behind

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

221

the antennae is straight or nearly straight, while in vertebratus 9 it is
in the form of a widely truncate angle of 60°, and in integer 9 it forms
an augle of about 90° — 100°, with its apex a little rounded. Verte¬
bratus also has the clypeus emarginate in a circular arc of 45°. ”

This may prove to be the same with my K. aureopectus , n. sp.

47. Nematus chloreus, n. sp.

Color greenish-ochreous ; lower half of scutel, metathorax and part of tergum
black. Length 0.30. Br. wings 0.64 inch.

9 • Grreenish-ochreous ; body short and stout; antenna? black, hard¬
ly half as long as body, third joint shorter than fourth ; head pale, su¬
tures large; lower ocellus in a basin, deep, wide, irregular, with round¬
ed edges ; nasus apparently bilobed ; labrum blackish, tegulae and an¬
terior angle whitish; lower third of pleura and the pectus orange ; ba¬
sal half of scutel, middle of metathorax, and a wide stripe on the ter¬
gum partly interrupted at sutures, black ; ovipositor delicate grass-
green ; legs the color of body, tips of posterior tibiae and part of the
tarsi blackish ; inner claw tooth large and near the tip ; wings hyaline;
nervures brown, stigma greenish, second submarginal cell with two an¬
gles beneath.

Connecticut. One 9 •

Two 9 specimens from English River, H. B. T. seem to belong to
this species, but have the antennae longer, no black on the scutellum,
and less upon the tergum than in this.

48. N. stigmatus.

Nematus stigmatus, Harris’ Cat. 4

Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 161, 16, 9 •

Greenish-luteous : thorax and tergum black. Length 0.30. Br. wings 0.60
inch.

9- Color greenish-luteous ; body short and stout; antennae mode¬
rate, the two basal joints black ; a small black spot about each of ocelli;
clypeus hardly emarginate ; labrum angulate, hairy ; part of mesotho-
rax, the metathorax, the first seven segments of tergum and ovipositor
sheaths, and a spot on pleura below wings, black ; legs pale, tips of
tarsi and claws blackish; wings hyaline, stigma and costa pale green.

M ass., (^Harris’ Coll.) One 9 •

It has the size and form of iV. monochroma.

49. N. monochroma.

Nematus monochroma, Harris’ Cat.

Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 161, 15, 9 •

Honey-yellow ; pleura piceous. Length 0.30. Br. wings 0.60 inch.

9- Color honey-yellow ; body stout; antenuae wanting, except two
basal joints, which are color of body ; ocelli black, set iu an irregular

EDWARD NORTON.

222

depression ; clypeus retracted, crenate ; labrum angulate ; face imma¬
culate; tegulae, collar, venter and coxae paler than rest of body ; pleu¬
ra dark, almost piceous; legs color of body; wings hyaline, stigma and
costa pale yellow.

Mass., (Harris’ Coll.) One 9 •

Resembles iV. luteus of Europe.

Four submarginal cells. The second recurrent nervure received at junction
of second and third cells.

32. MESSA, Leach.

Messa, Leach, Zool. Misc. 1814.

Fenusa, Hartig, Die Blattw. 256.

Tenthredo, Klug, Fain. viii.

Wings — One marginal and four submarginal cells, the second elon¬
gate and reciving two recurrent nervures, the second at the intersec¬
tion of second and third cells. Lanceolate cell petiolate.

Antennse 9-articulate, the third article longest, remainder beyond
the fourth decreasing gradually to the apex.

Body short and stout.

Leys. slender, simple; tibim with two short acute spurs at the tip.

Authors differ in opinion as to this genus. It is allied to Nemo tits
in its neuration, and to the following genera in the form of its anten¬
nae. Leach put it in his Stirps VI. with Selandria and Athalia. 1. — ■
Messa. 2. Athalia. 3. Selandria. 4. Fenusa. Hartig considers it
the same with Fenusa, which he makes a subgenus of Athalia. Lepel
calls it a subgenus of Nematus, with which it is here classed.

1. M. hyalina.

Messa hyalina, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, 1S64, 8, 13, 9-

Black, with white tegulte and legs, and clear wings. Length 0.16. Br. wings
0.36 inch.

9. Shining black; body stout; antennae slender, longer than to
base of abdomen, setaceous, first joint longer than second, third longer
than fourth. Head polished, rounded, almost smooth about the ocelli;
nasus slightly incurved ; labrum wide, rounded and, with the mandi¬
bles at base and the teguhe, white; abdomen somewhat stout and
acute ; legs white, the coxm black, except at tip, posterior femora with
a reddish tinge, tips of their tibiae blackish. Wings perfectly hyaline,
stigma almost wholly white, first submarginal cell somewhat rounded,
third almost square; second recurrent nervure almost coinciding with
second submarginal cross nervure; lanceolate cell petiolate; under
wings with two middle cells.

New Jersey, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) One 9 .

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

223

33. PERREYIA, Brulle.

Perreyia, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Hym. iv, 1S46, 661.

Winy s — One marginal, appendiculate, and four submarginal cells, of
which the second receives two recurrent nervures.

Antennse 13-articulate, almost moniliform, a little thicker in the mid¬
dle than at the sides.

1. Perreyia comptns, n. sp.

Black, with rufous abdomen and subviolaceous wings. Length 0.28. Br.
wings 0.60 inch.

S'. Body stout. Antennae black, thirteen-jointed, filiform and di¬
minishing in thickness, joints rather cuneiform than moniliform, third
joint nearly as long as fourth and fifth ; apical joint short, obtusely
rounded ; head nearly as wide as thorax, polished ; nasus emarginate,
scutel large, and produced behind as in JL/lotoma. Head, thorax, ba¬
sal plates, and apical segment of abdomen black; abdomen yellow-red;
legs black, tibial spurs short, not very sharp, claws large, without in¬
ner tooth. Wings obscure blackish, of one color; first recurrent ner-
vure received near base of second cell, the second in the third cell,
near the intersection of second and third cells; the second a little
shorter than the third cell; lanceolate cell petiolate; under wings ap-
pendiculate, and with one middle cell.

Mexico. Two specimens. (II. de Saussure.)

The second recurrent nervure is received within the third submar¬
ginal, thus differing from the diagnosis of Brulle. The antennae are
formed as in the figure given by Brulle of the antenna of P. lepida.
The submarginal bullae in this and the following species are as in Ne-
matus.

2. Perreyia capitulum.

Testaceous; head and legs black, wings obscure.

Length 'J, 0.28. Br. wings 0.64 inch. Length 9 0.44. Br. wings 1.04 inch.

9- Shining yellow-red ; body stout; antennae 12-jointed, formed as
in lust species, black; head black ; a black spot on the apex of abdo¬
men ; legs black, the coxae, trochanters and anterior femora above, yel¬
low-red ; spurs short, obtuse; claws simple; wings blackish obscure; a
darker spot covering marginal and upper half of submarginal cells, as
in Iljlotoma ; first submarginal cell oval; the second recurrent nervure
received at intersection of second and third submarginal cell ; lanceo¬
latecell petiolate; under wings appendiculate, and with one middle
cell.

9 . The female is much larger and the wings more obscure on basal
half. The marginal cell is obscure as in Hylotoma scapularis.

Mexico. Two % , one 9 • (H. de Saussure).

224

EDWARD NORTON.

The legs are quite pilose and the tibiae enlarged at apex. The head
is quite small. The submarginal bullae as in the last species.

2. P. lepida.

Perregia lepida, Brulle, Hym. iv, 1846, 661, pi. 46, fig. 2. — South America.

34. CAMPTOPRIUM. Spin.

Camptoprium, Spinola, Am. Soc. Ent. ix, 134, pi. 7, fig. 2.

Brulle, Hym. iv, 663.

Wings — One marginal, appendiculate, and four submarginal cells, of
which the three first are of equal size.

Antennse 11-articulate, having the third the longest, the remainder
diminishing successively.

The prothorax forms before the mesothorax a slightly arcuate eleva¬
tion.

Guiana.

35. DICTYNNA, Westw.

Dictynna, Westwood, Arc. Entomol. i, 1845, 24, pi. 7, 4, 'J, .

Brulle, Hym. iv, 662, pi. 46, fig. 5.

Wings — One marginal, not appendiculate, and four submarginal
cells, of which the second and third each receive a recurrent nervure.
The first submarginal cell is hardly indicated.

Antennse 10-articulate ; articles a little larger in the middle than at
the extremities.

Westwood describes a specimen from Van Pieman’s Land, which he
says is in fact an Athalia with the wings of a Hylotoma.

1. D. Westwoodi, Brulle, Hym. iv, 1846, 662, pi. 46, fig. 5. — Brazil,

36. AULACOMERUS. Spin.

Aulacomerus, Spinola, Am. Soc. Ent. ix, 1840, 137, pi. 7, fig. 1.

Wings — One marginal, appendiculate, and four submarginal cells, of
which the second and third each receive a recurrent nervure; the first
and second small.

Antennse 9-articulate and setaceous, as in most of the Tenthredi-
nides.

Legs. — The posterior pair have the coxae very long, the femora bent
and grooved beneath so as to receive the tibiae, which also are a little
arcuate.

Guiana.

H. Wings with two marginal and three submarginal cells.

37. DRUID A, Newm.

Druida, Newman, Ent. Mag. iv, 1837, 261. Vol. v, 1838 484.

Wings — Two marginal and three submarginal cells, the first and se¬
cond each receiving a recurrent nervure.

trams. Arner Ent. Soc. Vol I

Plate JII

I'ra-um bvD .Wie st

Trans. Arner. Ent. Soc. Vol I

Plate IV

Drawn by 1) Wie st

Bowen & C? IxQi. Fhilada.

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

225

Antennae, 10-articulate, piliform, third article long, remainder gradu¬
ally diminishing.

Europe.

38. FENUSA, Leach.

Fenusa, Leach, Zool. Misc. 1S14.

Hartig, Die Blattw. 256, Sec. 3.

Westw. Int. App. 54.

Tenthredo (Emphytus), Klug, Fam. viii.

Wings — Two marginal and three nearly equal submarginal cells, the
first and second each receiving a recurrent nervure ; lanceolate cell
petiolate ; under wings without middle cell.

Antennae 9-articulate, the third joint longest, remainder gradually
diminishing in length, apical joint obtuse.

Head broad, transverse ; mandibles with one and two inner teeth;
maxillary palpi, first joint short, third minute, remainder long aud
slender.

Body short and stout.

Legs simple ; tibiae with two short acute apical spurs.

The species of this genus are among the smallest included in this
family.

1. E. curtus.

Fenusa curtus, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, i, 1861, 199, £•

Black ; abdomen piceous ; legs ochraceous. with black femora. Length 0.14.
Br. wings 0.32 inch.

9. Body stout; antennae toward the tip, labrum and mandibles
piceous; a smooth fovea between antennae; tegulae and abdomen pi¬
ceous ; thorax black, polished ; each segment of abdomen depressed
toward apex ; legs ochraceous, their coxae and femora, except at tip,
black; apical joints of tarsi blackish; wings semi-transparent, stigma
and costa dark,nervures black.

Penn., (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

2. Fenusa ambiguus, n. sp.

Black; middle of tergum, venter and legs yellow-red. Length 0.14. Br. wings
0.32 inch.

£ . Body short and stout; antennae piceous at base beneath; tegu¬
lae and edge of collar whitish, spurs sharp; claws simple; wings hya¬
line, stigma fuscous at base, also most of costa.

Penn. One £ . (Smith. Inst.)

39. FENELLA. Westw.

Fenella,. Westwood, Mod. Class, ii, 1840, App. 54.

Brulle, Hym. iv, 662.

Wings — Two marginal and three equal-sized submarginal cells, the
first and second each with a recurrent nervure.

TRANS. AMUR. ENT. SOC.

(29)

SEPTEMBER, 1867.

226

EDWARD NORTON.

Antenna s 11-articulate. slender.

Europe.

Wings with four submarginal cells.

40. HETERARTHRUS, Stephens.

Heterarthrus, Stephens, Brit. Ent. Mand. vii, 1835, 94.

Westw., Mod. Class. 2, App. 54.

Phyllotoma, Fallen, Mon. Tenth. Suec. 1829.

Ilartig, ( Empty tus ) ii, Die Blattw. 254.

Decatria ! Westw., Lardner, Cyc.

Tenthredo ( Emph .), Klug, Fam. viii.

Wings — Two marginal and three submarginal cells, the first and se¬
cond each containing a recurrent nervure. The first having an incom¬
plete cell at its base ; lanceolate cell with oblique cross line; under¬
wings without any or with one middle cell.

Antennae 12 — 15 articulate, the third nearly twice as long as the
fourth, remainder short.

Europe.

Wings with three submarginal cells.

41. MELICERTA. Stephens.

Melicerta, Stephens, Brit. Ent. Mand. vii, 1835, 94.

Wings — Two marginal cells, the basal one smallest, and three sub¬
marginal ones, the first longest, second shorter, each with a recurrent
nervure.

Antennae 9-articulate, third nearly twice as long as the fourth.

Head broader than thorax, thorax somewhat globose.

England.

42. EMPHYTUS, Leach.

Tenthredo (Emphytus), Klug, Fam. iv, Berl. Mag. 1S14, Vol. viii, 284.

Emphytus, Leach, Zool. Misc.

Hartig, Die Blattw. 245, Div. I.

Stephens, Brit. Ent. Mand, vi.

Dolerus, II. Jurine, &c.

Wings short; two marginal and three submarginal cells, the first and
second each with a recurrent nervure; the first longest, bent, its hinder
corners angular and rounded; lanceolate cell contracted, and either
with or without oblique cross line; under wings without any middle
cell or with one or two.

Antennae 9-jointed, filiform, third, fourth and fifth joints of nearly
equal length.

Head transverse, eyes prominent, nasus incurved, wide; mandibles
short and wide, with one inner tooth ; maxillary palpi long and slender,
first joint minute, apical joint shorter than those before it; first and
second joints of labial palpi shortest.

AMERICAN I1YMEN0PTERA.

227

Abdomen rather long, cylindrical in males, broad and carinate in
females.

Legs slender; tibiae with two short apical spurs.

Larvae with twenty-two legs. They feed upon the leaves of plants.
The habits of a species which feeds upon the rose have been noted by
DeGeer, Bouche and Hartig. That of Emph. cinctus is said to pass
its pupa state in the stem of the rose, into which the larva burrows.
Nothing is known about our own species as yet.

Table to assist in finding the Species.

Section I. — ( Emphytus ), Hartig.

Lanceolate cell with oblique cross line; hinder wing with no middle cell.

Color black — a white spot on pleura . 1, inornatus.

Color black— middle of abdomen rufous . 2, apertus.

Color black — a white band on tergum; femora yellow-

red . 3, mellipes.

Color black — a white band on tergum; femora black. ..4, cinctipes.
Section II. — {Hcapiphorus) , Hartig.

Lanceolate cell with oblique cross line; hinder wings with one
middle cell.

a. Abdomen long; first tarsal joint as long as all the re¬

mainder.

Color testaceous, thorax black, scutel pale . 5, varianus.

Color testaceous, thorax black, scutel black . 6, versicolor.

Color testaceous, two black vittse on mesotkorax . 7, testaceus.

Color testaceous, tips of antennae black . 8, semicornis.

Color black, scutel pale . 9, tarsatus.

b. Abdomen short; first tarsal joint not as long as all the
remainder

Color black; brownish spots on each segment of ter¬
gum . 10, maculatus.

Color black, tergum black, tibiae and tarsi white . 11, recens.

tibiae and tarsi white be¬
fore . 12, articulata.

Color black, tergum at base white . 13, platycerus.

Section III. — (Aneugmenus), Hartig.

Lanceolate cell with no cross line; hinder wings with two
middle cells.

Section I. — (Emphytus) , Hartig.

Lanceolate cell with oblique cross line ; under wings without middle cell. Bo¬
dy lengthened.

1. E. inornatus.

Dolerus inornatus, Say, Long’s Second Exp. II, 1824, 319, 1. 9-
Emphytus inornatus, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 155, 1. 9 b
“Body black, polished ; feet white; tarsi dusky. Length b 90-25. Br. wings
0.52 inch.

9 . Body slender; antennae hardly longer than to base of thorax,
third, fourth and fifth joints cylindrical, not very distinctly separated.

228

EDWARD NORTON.

third largest; remainder shorter and compressed at ends beneath;
head finely punctured, a deep suture extending from base of each an¬
tennae to occiput, the ridge between produced between antennae in a
sort of blunt, rounded prominence; uasus incurved, with a short spine
at each corner; labrum, palpi, tegulae, collar, a short line on pleura
above intermediate coxae, and the legs, white; a band near apex of
posterior femora, the ends of their tibiae and their tarsi blackish, claws
with an inner tooth, distinct from tip; wings with a violaceous tinge,
nervures blackish.

£ . The body of the male is quite slender, the apex of the four
hinder femora and their tibiae above, black.

New England and Middle States, Virginia. Common.

2. E. apertus.

Emphytus aperta, Harris’ Cat.

Emphytus apertus, Norton, Bost. Proe. viii, 1861, 155, 2. 9b-

Black ; tergum with rufous spots, venter and legs white. Length 0.19 — 0.25.
Br. wings 0.36 — 0.44 inch.

9 . Body long and slender, shining black ; antennae as in E. inor-
natus. Head with a depression at sides of venter and a sinus behind
ocelli, ridged on each side ; uasus slightly incurved, and with the lab-
rum, base of mandibles, palpi, tegulae, two sides of anterior angle and
a line above intermediate coxae, white; tergum with reddish connected
spots on each segment; venter paler, at apex black; legs reddish-
white, apical medial tarsi and tip of posterior tibiae and their tarsi
black; spurs long, inner anterior tibial spur bifid, inner tooth of claw
large and near the tip. Wings hyaline, nervures blackish, junction
of stigma and costa white.

b . The male has the antennae ferruginous beneath, apex of venter
pale, base black.

Mass., Conn., Pa., Va., Ill.

3. E. mellipes.

Emphytus mellipes, Harris’ Cat.

Norton, Bost. Proe. viii, 1S61, 155, 3. 9-

Black, slender ; a white band around the fifth abdominal segment ; legs whit¬
ish. Length 0.31. Br. wings 0.58 inch.

9 . Body long and slender, shining black, polished; antennae rather
stout, not extending beyond base of abdomen, slightly ferruginous at
tip beneath, the four apical joints compressed at their base; channels
forming a sort of W behind ocelli; a sinus below lower ocellus and a
process between antennae; nasus ridged in middle, deeply notched,
with sharp angles before; the three apical joints of palpi, tegulae, a
spot on basal plates and a baud on fourth segment of abdomen white;

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

229

.legs honey-yellow, base of coxae black ; their apex, trochanters and
base of femora white; tarsi fuscous above; inner tooth of claw large;
wings faintly smoky; base of stigma and the costa pale.

£ . No white spot on the tergum or basal plates; tarsi blackish.

Maine, N. H., Mass., Conn.. N. Y., Penna.

4. Emphytus cinctipes, n. sp.

Black: a white band on the fifth segment of abdomen and on the base of all
the tibiae; femora black. £ 9- Length 0.34. Br. wings 0.58.

9 . Body formed as in E. mellipes; tegulse, a spot on basal plates
and band on fourth segment of abdomen, interrupted in middle be¬
neath, white; coxae and femora black; tips of coxm, trochanters and
base of femora white; a white band at base of all the tibiae; tibiae fer¬
ruginous, tarsi blackish; inner claw tooth largp ; wings hyaline, base
of stigma white.

£ . Resembles female; no white band on abdomen.

Var. Tibiae all blackish toward apex.

Maine, New York. Eight 9 , four £ .

This is closely allied to E. mdlipps. Klug mentions the Tentliredo
( Em phi/ tux) c/rossularise as having beeu found in Baltimore. ('Berl.

bag 1814, 8. 288.)

Section 2. — ( Harpiphorus ), Hartig.

Lanceolate cell with oblique cross line; hinder wings with one middle cell.

a. Abdomen long as in Tenthredo, cylindrical in £, flattened and rather
acute in 9 • The first joint of hinder tarsi as long as all the remainder.

5. E. varianus.

Emphytus varianus, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 156, 4, £ 9 •

Testaceous; thorax black ; antennae with the three basal joints red, the fourth
and fifth black, remainder white.

Length £ 0.3S. Br. wings 0.70 inch. Length 9 0.45. Br. wings 0.90 inch.

9. Body long and rather stout, color testaceous; antennae longer
than base of thorax, stout, serrate beneath, third joint longer than
fourth, the three basal joints rufous, the fourth and fifth 'black, and
the four apical joints white; head polished, quite thick behind the
eyes; deep sutures from nasus to summit on each side of ocelli, form¬
ing a bilobed enclosed space behind; a deep basin below lower ocellus ;
nasus deeply notched ; a spot about ocelli, and behind to the neck, and
one below each of antennae, black ; labrum whitish ; thorax rather
sparsely and coarsely punctured, black ; the tegulae, scutel and ridge
behind whitish; sutures of mesothorax, part of metathorax and the ab¬
domen reddish-testaceous; abdomen flattened, edges of each segment
blackish; legs reddish-yellow; coxae, middle of four anterior femora,
and apical half of posterior femora and of tibiae black ; apex of coxae,

230

EDWARD NORTON.

trochanters, base of femora and the tibiae white ; inner claw tooth
large ; wings long, outer half smoky, basal half of stigma pale ; second
recurrent nervure received near intersection of first aud second sub¬
marginal cells.

% . Face mostly black; labrum white; abdomen paler, the four an¬
terior femora without black bands.

Conn., N. Y., Ya., II1.

G. Emphytus versicolor, n. sp.

Chestnut-red; thorax black; four apical joints of antennae and the tarsi
white. Length 0.40. Br. wings 0.80 inch.

2 . Body long and not very stout, color chestnut-red; antennae not
longer than base of thorax, thick, serrate beneath, third joint but little
longer than fourth, the two basal joints piceous, the three next black,
remainder white ; face as in E. varianus , not so much depressed be¬
low antennae; clypeus not deeply notched ; a black spot from below
antennae to summit; labrum and tegulae white; thorax black, seutel
black, basal plates rufous, legs rufous, trochanters and tarsi white ;
coxae, basal tip of the four anterior femora and the apex of posterior
tibiae blackish ; wings smoky, base of stigma white; second recurrent
nervure a little removed from junction of first aud second submarginal
cells.

Illinois, (P. II. TJhler). One 9 .

The abdomen is more slender than that of E. varianus.

7. E. testaceus.

Emphytus testaceus, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 156, 5, 9-
Testaceous; the two basal joints of antennae rufous, the three next black, re¬
mainder white. Length 0.40. Br. wings 0.80 inch.

2* Color paler than in the preceding species ; antennae but little
longer than to base of thorax, stout, serrate, third joint longest, fourth
longer than fifth; the two basal joints testaceous, the three next black,
remainder white, extreme tip black; head as in last species; a small
black spot above ocelli; labrum and tegulae pure white; a vitta on
each side lobe of mesothorax, and a spot on pectus, enlarged before
each pair of coxae, black, seutel pale; legs testaceous; coxae and tips
of posterior tibiae black; a spot on hinder coxae, trochanters and tarsi
white. Wings yellowish-smoky, darkest toward apex, base of stigma
white; second recurrent nervure a little removed from base of second
submarginal.

Penn., Virginia.

The abdomen is nearly cylindrical.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

231

8. E. semicornis.

Emphytus semicornis, Say, Bost. Jour. I, 18.15, 220, 2, 9 •

Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 156, 6.

“Honey-yellow; tip of the antennae and disk of the pectus black. Length
over three-tenths of an inch.

“Body honey-yellow; antennae, the four terminal joints black,
nasus deeply emarginate ; labrum and mouth pale yellowish, the for¬
mer rounded at tip; stcnnnata black ; thorax with a dusky line on the
two middle lobes; scutel dusky ou the posterior edge; metathorax
dusky near the scutel ; abdomen immaculate, rather paler at base and
beneath ; wings hyaline, nervures blackish ; base of the carpus yellow¬
ish-white ; pectus before and on the middle black; coxae whitish, tarsi
pale, posterior thighs and tibiae blackish at their tips.”

Indiana, (Say). Connecticut.

The only important difference between this and the preceding spe¬
cies appears to be in the color of the apical joints of the antennae. A
single % taken in Farmington, Conn., has the five apical joints of an¬
tennae black, the head wholly rufous, except a large spot about the
ocelli, and the back of head black. The scutellum is wholly rufous.

9. E. tar3atus.

Emphytus tarsatus, Say, Bost. Jour. I, 1835, 219, 1,9-
Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 157, 7, 9 •

Black; the four apical joints of antennae, trochanters and tarsi white.

Length % 0.32. Br. wings 0.52 inch. Length 9 0.60. Br. wings 1.12 inch.

9 £ . Body long and stout; antennae longer than base of thorax,
stout, flattened, serrate, black, with the four apical joints white; head
as in E. varianus, with the sutures at sides of ocelli widened below
and enclosing the base of antennae; nasus deeply incurved, rugose;
labrum white, its edge rufous; tegulae piceous or yellow; scutel in
middle white ; legs black ; all the trochanters, the apical half of four
anterior tibiae and their tarsi and the posterior tarsi, except first joint,
white, (sometimes the first joint also). Wings smoky hyaline, base of
stigma white; second recurrent nervure a little removed from intersec¬
tion of second and third submarginals.

Indiana, (Say), Mass., Conn., West Ya.

The species embraced in this section resemble the genus Tenthredo
at first sight.

b. Abdomen short; second recurrent nervure received in middle of second
submarginal cell; lirst joint of hinder tarsi not as long as all the re¬
mainder.

232

EDWARD NORTON.

10. E. maculatus.

Emphytus maculatus, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 157, 8, 9 S •

Black, with an interrupted brownish band on each segment of abdomen.
Length 0.20 — 0.22. Br. wings 0.42 — 0.47 inch.

9. Body short, flattened ; apex of abdomen suddenly compressed ;
antennae as long as to base of thorax, rather stout, slightly serrate, and
somewhat ferruginous beneath, third joint longest, fourth and fifth
equal; head (not so thick as in div. a), finely punctured, widely but
not deeply channeled at sides of ocelli from nasus to summit; a ridge
down the middle of nasus, its edge moderately crenate; nasus, labrum,
tegulae and edge of collar whitish; a brownish interrupted band on
each segment of tergum ; legs varying from reddish-brown to white,
their coxae, except at tip, the four anterior femora beneath, apical joints
of their tarsi, the posterior femora, apical half of tibiae and their tarsi,
except base of basal joints, black; inner claw tooth short; wings hya¬
line, faintly clouded.

% . The male has the antennas much flattened and brown beneath ;
the bands on abdomen whitish; legs with less of black, coxae and pos¬
terior femora above, black.

Maine, Conn., New York.

The position of the three following species is not known, but they
are likely to belong to this section.

11. E. platycerus.

Emphytus platycerus, Say , Bost. Jour. I. 1835, 220, 3, 'J, .

• Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 157, 10.

“Black; tibiae and tarsi white; first and second joints of the antennae short,
equal.” Length less than three- twentieths of an inch,

% . Body short, robust, black, polished; antennae rather stout, com¬
pressed, first and second joints remarkably short, when taken to¬
gether less than half the length of either of the others; remaining
joints subequal, the third hardly longest; mouth dull piceous; wing-
scale dull piceous ; wings fuliginous, with a violaceous tinge, feet white;
thighs in the middle and coxte black.”

Indiana. Not seen.

This bears a resemblance to the male of E. maculatus , but has no
bands on the tergum, which Say could hardly have overlooked.

12. E. recens.

Emphytus recens, Say, Bost. Jour. I, 1835, 221, 4, 'Jj.

Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 157, 9.

“Antennse, basal joint white; pectus and feet white. Length one-fifth of an
inch.

£ . Head black ; basal joint of antennae, nasus, labrum and mouth
white; thorax black, with a white collar and wing-scale; wings hya-

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

233

line, nervures fuscous; tergum, on the basal half, white, with three di¬
lated black bands, slightly interrupted in the middle, terminal half
somewhat fulvous, with about two marginal black spots and a larger
double one each side near the tip ; lateral processes at tip obvious; pec¬
tus white; pleura with a dilated black line; feet white, intermediate
tibiae and tarsi with a black line; posterior thighs tinged with honey-
yellow, their tibiae and tarsi dusky or blackish.”

Indiana. Not seen.

13. E. articulata.

Tenthredo ( Emphytus ) articulata, Klug, Berl. Mag. viii, 1814, 284, 204. Fain.

ix, %.

“Black; legs fuscous, joints or knuckles whitish, wings obscure, stigma fus¬
cous. Length 2\ lines. Br. Wings 4J lines.

The antennae are almost as long as to base of abdomen. Head, tho¬
rax and abdomen wholly shining black; back plates whitish; on the
legs, the base of shanks, and on the forward legs, the tibia; and tarsi
are on the forward side pale whitish-yellow. The wings are pale brown,
the nerves as well as the stigma are blackish-brown.”

“Baltimore. One male.”

Section 3. — ( Ancugmenus), Hartig.

Lanceolate cell without cross line; hinder wings with two middle cells.

Some species of Selandria, especially Selandria flavipes , in which
the first submarginal cross nervure is indistinct, are likely to be mista¬
ken for this genus, but the first cell of Emphytus is never rounded on
either costal corner, as in Selandria.

43. DOLERUS.

Dolerus and Dosytheus, Leach, Zool. Misc. 1814.

Dolerus, Klug, Die Blattw. 1818.

Jurine, Fam. I. Nouv. Meth. 1807.

Lepel, Fam. ftf, Mon. Tenth. 120.

Hartig, Die Blattw. 229.

Hylotoma, Fab., Fam. 3.

Tenthredo, Lin., Fab., &c.

Wings- — Two marginal cells, divided by a straight nervure, and three
submarginal cells, the first small and rounded, the second long and
bent, receiving two recurrent nervures; lanceolate cell with oblique
cross vein ; four submarginal bullae, viz. : one on the first transverse
nervure, two on the second, and one on the submarginal nerve at or
near the first recurrent nervure ; under wings with two middle cells.

Antennae 9-articulate, filiform, third joint longer than fourth, or of
equal length.

Head broad, eyes prominent, the surface coriaceous with large pits,
with no distinct sinus or depression on the vertex ; nasus wide and

(30) SEPTEMBER, 1867.

TRAN'S. AMER. ENT. SOC.

EDWARD NORTON.

234

deeply notched, labrum small; mandibles sharp, with three or four in¬
ner teeth.

Thorax punctured. Abdomen smooth and shining, stout, carinated
and acute in the females, obtuse in the males.

Legs short; tibim with two short spurs, the inner spur of anterior
pair bifurcate; claws with an inner tooth.

Larvae, twenty-two-footed, (six pectoral, fourteen abdominal and two
caudal), not ejecting a fluid from the sides of the body. Little is
known of their habits.

Leach separated, under the name of Dosytheus, all those species hav¬
ing the third joint of antennae longer than the fourth, while his Dole-
rus has the third and fourth joints of equal length. Stephens adds that
Dosythei invariably have bright colors on the abdomen, while the Do-
leri are of one color — blue and black.

Hartig does not consider this, with minor details, a sufiicient gene¬
ric distinction, and his view has been adopted in the following list. In
all of our species, the third joint is longer than the fourth, although
the difference is less marked in the dark-colored species.

Table to assist in finding the Species.

A. Violaceous.

a. Wholly of one color . unicolor.

b. Thorax partly rufous . arvensis.

B. Black. ■

a. Wholly black . sericeus.

b. Thorax partly rufous, abdomen black . collaris.

c. Thorax black.

1. Abdomen red banded. 1. Femora black . aprilis.

2. Femora rufous . apricus.

3. Femora rufous, mouth and te-

gulee white . albifrons.

2. Abdomen wholly rufous . abdominalis.

d. Thorax partly rufous. 1. Abdomen red banded . similis.

2. Tergum red banded . maculicollis.

C. Rufous.

c. Thorax partly rufous, abdomen rufous . bicolor.

versa.

/. Thorax, except the pectus, rufous, abdomen rufous . Tejoniensis.

Section 1. — Dolerus.

Lanceolate cell with oblique cross line.

1. D. unicolor.

Tenthredo unicolor, Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Am. 1805, 97. Ilym. Tab. ix. 2, £ .
Dolerus unicolor, Lepel, Mon. Tenth. 125, 373.

Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 154, 9 •

Blue-black, with metallic reflections on the thorax. Length 0.2,8. Br. wings
0.60 inch.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

235

% . Body stout, violaceous. Antennae black, long, third and fourth
joints equal, apical joint slender and as long as the preceding; head
and pleura granulated; thorax above coarsely punctured; tergum and
legs smooth and shining, tibim pilose, nasus with a deep and angular
notch, tarsi stout, densely covered with black setaceous hair; inner
claw tooth obtuse, removed from the tip; wings violaceous subhyaline,
stigma and costa black.

New England, Middle States, Md., Mo. Common.

2. D. arvensis.

Dolerus arvensis, Sav, Long’s Second Exp. II, 1824, 319, 2, 9 .

Dosytheus arvensis, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 151, 1.

Blue-black ; the prothorax and mesothorax rufous, with a black vitta on an¬
terior lobe. Length 0.32. — 0.36. Br. wings 0.66 — 0.74 inch.

9 . Rather long and stout, color violaceous ; antennae black, third
joint longer than fourth, apical joint shorter and more slender than the
preceding; head and body punctured as in D. unicolor; a yellowish
rufous spot covers the prothorax and mesothorax ; a vitta on the ante¬
rior lobe of mesothorax black ; scutel violaceous ; legs the color of
body ; formed as in D. unicolor. Wings subviolaceous, nervures black.

Var. a. The vitta on the mesothorax extends across the side lobes,
forming a tliree-lobed spot.

New England, Middle States, Fla., Mo. Very common.

Taken in April, on willows. No males. The ground color is pre¬
cisely the same with that of D. unicolor , of which no females have yet
been taken. The formation of the tarsi is also similar, being shorter
than in the following species, and the apical joint shorter.

3. D. sericeus.

Dolerus sericeus, Say, Long’s Second Exp. II, 1824, 320, 3, £ 9 •

Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 151, 1.

‘‘Entirely black, immaculate.” Length 0.32—0.40. Br. wings 0.64 — 0.80 inch.

% . Body long and rather slender, color shining black ; antennal
long, third joint rather longer than fourth, final joint but little shorter
than the preceding ; abdomen rather longer than in D. unicolor and
more rounded at the apex ; rather more of white hair upon the face
and legs; posterior tibiae at tip stout; tarsi long and slender, less pi¬
lose, apical joint long; inner claw tooth obtuse; wings subviolaceous,
nervures black.

9 . The female is larger and the abdomen stouter; antennae shorter,
not extending beyond base of abdomen, third joint longer than fourth.

The males ai’e very abundant, the females rare.

A single specimen ( $ ) from Massachusetts, in the Collection of the
American Entomological Society, has four submarginal wing-cells, the

236

EDWARD NORTON.

second and third each with a recurrent nervure as in Strongylogastcr ,
hut in other respects it does not vary from the above.

4. D. collaris.

Dolerus collaris, Say, West. Quart. Rep. II, 1823, 72, 9*

Dosytheus collaris, Norton, Bost. Proe. viii, 151, 2.

“Black; thorax rufous before.” Length 0.32 — 0.36. Br. wings 0.66 — 0.74
inch.

9. Abdomen stout, flattened, acuminate ; antennse short, as in D.
sericeus , as also the punctures; color shining black; the tegulae, ante¬
rior lobe of mesothorax, anterior angle, more or less of breast before
anterior legs and a triangle on upper corner of pleura yellow-red; legs
the color of body; wings varying from subviolaceous to hyaline.

Var. a. The whole upper half of pleura and sutures near the scutel
rufous.

Var. b. Pleura almost entirely black.

Maine, Connecticut, Illinois, Missouri, (Say). April 24th.

No males taken. (22 9 )•

5. D. aprilis.

Dosytheus aprilis, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 152, 4, 9 S •

Black ; a wide rufous band on abdomen. Length 0.30 — 0.38. Br. wings 0.60
—0.70 inch.

9 . Body rather stout; antennae moderate, third joint nearly as long
as fourth and fifth together; fourth, fifth and sixth nearly equal ; head
nearly as wide as thorax ; nasus deeply notched ; abdomen rufous, the
basal plates, apical half of sixth and the two apical segments black ;
legs black, the anterior pair of tibiae and all the tarsi more or less fer¬
ruginous ; lower half of face, and of pleura and tibiae covered with
white hair; claws with an obtuse inner tooth; wings faintly clouded,
uervures blackish.

S . The male has more pubescence upon the face and pleura; the
third joint of antennae not so long as in 9 and sometimes more than the
three apical segments of abdomen black, especially beneath.

Maine. Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, Maryland, Mackenzie
River, Hudson’s Bay Territory.

A great many specimens taken in April on the Salix vitellina.

6. D. apricus.

Dolerus apricus, Say, Harris’ Cat.

Dosytheus apricus, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 152, 3, 9 h •

Black ; a wide band on femora and most part of legs rufous. Length 0.25 —
0.30. Br. wings 0.50 — 0.60 inch.

9 . Not so large as I). aprilis , body stout ; antennae moderate, third
joint oue-third longer than fourth, punctures of head and body not so

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

237

coarse as in D. aprilis, vertex not coriaceous ; abdomen rufous, the ba¬
sal plates and three apical segments black ; legs black at base, the an¬
terior femora, their tibiae beneath, and the four posterior femora, ex¬
cept at tip, yellow-red; tarsi fuscous; remainder black; inner claw
tooth obtuse; wings hyaline, faintly clouded toward tips, nervures
blackish, lower half of stigma piceous.

b . The male has all the femora rufous, except the posterior pair at
tip, the four anterior tibiae rufous, posterior tibiae and all the tarsi fus¬
cous ; face below the antennae whitish.

New England, N. Y., N. J., Md., Ill., Mackenzie River, H. B. T.

7. D. albifrons.

Dosytheus apricus, var. albifrons, Norton, Best. Proc. viii, 1861, 152, 3, 9 b-

Black; a wide band on abdomen and most part of the legs rufous; mouth
and tegulae white. Length 0.19 — -0.26. Br. wings 0.38 — 0.52 inch.

9 ■ Smaller than the preceding ; antennae and punctures as in D.
apricus; more of white hair about the orbits and pleura; edge of nasus,
labrum, tegulae, the six basal segments of abdomen and the legs rufous;
tips of posterior femora, of the four anterior tibiae, more or less of pos¬
terior tibiae and all the tarsi blackish; all the trochanters and a band
at base of posterior tibiae whitish; no perceptible inner claw tooth ;
wings hyaline, nervures black.

T or. a. All the coxae and trochanters black ; all of legs darker.

Var. b. Only the tip of posterior tibiae black.

b . The male has the basal joints of antennae reddish beneath; a
spot between antennae, the face beneath and the tegulae white.

Maine, Conn., N. Y. June. (15 9> 34 b ).

This is small, and can readily be distinguished from D. apricus by
its white mouth and tegulae, and whitish trochanters and band on fe¬
mora.

8. D. abdominalis.

Dosytheus abdominalis, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 153, 8, 9 b •

Black; abdomen wholly rufous. Length 0.2S — 0.33. Br. wings 0.56 — 0.66
inch.

9 . Abdomen compressed, not very long; antennae moderate, third
joint a little longer than fourth; fourth, fifth and sixth each a little
shorter than the one preceding; head and pleura coriaceous, the cross
suture back of ocelli distinct; nasus deeply incurved; basal plates and
abdomen rufous; ovipositor sheath and legs black; hinder coxae ru¬
fous at base; inner tooth of claw very obtuse and short; wings viola¬
ceous subhyaline, nervures black.

b. Antennae longer, stoutest toward the base; abdomen slender,
basal plates black; tibia; and tarsi indistinctly piceous.

238

EDWARD NORTON.

Connecticut, Massachusetts.

But one female and a great many males taken on the willow.

9. D. similis.

Dosytheus similis, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 153, 5, 9 •

Black; the prothorax, tegulse and a wide band on abdomen rufous. Length
0.33. Br. wings 0.62 inch.

9 . Abdomen moderately long and stout ; antennae rather enlarged
in middle, third joint one-half longer than fourth, fourth and fifth
equal, sixth shorter ; head moderately rugose ; pleura very coarsely
pitted; lower half of the face, base of pleura and the tibiae with abun¬
dant white hair; the prothorax, anterior lobe of mesothorax, tegulae
and abdomen, except the two apical segments, rufous, remainder of
body black; anterior knees rufous, their tibiae and tarsi fuscous; inner
tooth of claw obtuse ; wings hyaline, apical half faintly smoky.

Var. a. A broad black vitta on anterior lobe of thorax. (Illinois).

Var. b. a rufous line on each side of mesothorax from tegulae to
scutel ; anterior tibiae rufous. (Illinois).

Maine, Conn., Md., Ill.

10. D. maculicollis.

Dosytheus maculicollis, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 153, 6, 9-

Black; thorax rufous before; abdomen ferruginous, venter black. Long 0.35.
Br. wings 0.70 inch.

9 . Quite stout; antennae moderate, third joint a little longer than
fourth; fourth, fifth aud sixth of equal length; head and pleura cori¬
aceous ; nasus incurved, not deeply notched, sericeous ; tegulae, apical
half of anterior lobe, prothorax and upper anterior third of pleura ru¬
fous; basal plates, tergum, except apex, and sides beneath ferruginous,
venter black; legs black, tarsi piceous ; inner claw tooth obtuse, not
very small; wings clouded.

Brooklyn, IS. Y. (One 9 •)

11. D. bicolor.

Tenthrcdo bicolor, Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Am. 1805, 96. Ilyin. Tab. 9, fig. 1.

Dolerus bicolor, Lepcl, Mon. Tenth. 122, 360.

Dosytheus bicolor Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 153, 7, % .

“Yellow; antennae, head and spots on thorax, breast, scutellum, feet, oviduct
and veins of the wings black.’’ Length 0.30. Br. wings 0.60 inch.

9 . Abdomen short and stout; antennae hardly longer than to base
of abdomen, third joint one-third longer than fourth ; nasus deeply in¬
curved; labrum smooth, piceous; head, side lobes of mesothorax. scu-
tcl and post-scutel, spots at sides and on basal plates, breast, a spot at
base of ovipositor and the legs black, remainder of body yellow rufous;
wings tinged with violaceous, nervurcs black.

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

239

Yar. a. Sc-utel pale.

Vur. b. A large black spot on venter.

Maine, Mass., Conn., N. Y., Md., Ill.

Taken April 24th, on the willow.

12. Dolerus versa, n. sp.

Rufous; the head, anterior lobe of thorax, scutel and behind, breast, ovipo¬
sitor and legs black; wings violaceous. Length 0.42. Br. wings 0.88 inch.

9 . Body large and very stout ; abdomen much flattened ; antennae
rather long, third joint longer than fourth, color of body yellow-red ;
head black ; anterior lobe of mesothorax, scutel and behind, pectus
and ovipositor sheath black; basal plates rufous; legs black; inner
tooth of claws strong; wings obscure violaceous, nervures black.

Mass., (Am. Eut. Soc.) Maryland, (T. Glover). Two 9 •

This resembles D. bicolor in form and punctures, but is very much
larger.

13. D. Tejoniensis.

Dosytheus Tejoniensis, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 154, 9, 9-
Testaceous, with the head and breast black; wings violaceous. Length 0.48.
Br. wings 0.90 inch.

9- Body large and stout; abdomen long; antennae large, third
joint but little longer than fourth; fourth, fifth and sixth each dimi¬
nishing in length ; head black, polished above ocelli, roughened below,
a U-shaped sinus back of ocelli ; nasus but little incurved, body stout,
thorax polished ; pleura with scattered pits, shining; pectus, oviposi¬
tor sheath and legs black ; inner claw tooth large, removed from tip ;
wings violaceous, subopaque, nervures black.

Ft. Tejon, Cal., (Smiths. Inst.) Two 9 .

Section 2. — ( Pelmntopus ,) Hartig.

Lanceolate cell closed. Under wings with two middle cells.

Inhabits Europe.

Wings with two marginal and four submarginal cells.

44. DINEURA, Dahlb.

Dineura, Dahlb., Consp. Tenth. 1835.

Hartig, Die Blattw. 226.

Tcnthredo, Sec. B. Klug.

Sec. b. Stephens.

Wings — Two marginal and four submarginal cells, the second sub¬
marginal receiving two recurrent nervures; the third submarginal al¬
most equal sided; lanceolate cell petiolate; four submarginal bullge,
viz. ; one on each transverse nervure, one on the submarginal nerve at
reception of second recurrent nervure. Under wings with two middle
cells.

240

EDWARD NORTON.

Antennse 9-joiuted, mostly slender and bristle-shaped.

Body as in JWematus.

1. Dineura linitus, n. sp. -

Black; prothorax, side lobes of mesothorax, pleura and legs yellow-red.
Length 0.18. Br. wings 0.40 inch.

9 . Body rather slender, shining black ; antennae slender, about two-
thirds the length of body, third joint a little longer than fourth; head
polished, rounded, with little or no depressions about ocelli ; nasus
slightly incurved, edge of labrum rufous; tegulae, prothorax, the two
side lobes of mesothorax, pleura and apex of abdomen yellow-red; mid¬
dle of pectus black ; legs paler than thorax, apical tarsi fuscous; claws
apparently with no inner tooth. Wings hyaline, ample; stigma pale,
marginal nervure received in middle of third submarginal cell, which
is small and square.

Brunswick, Me., (A. S. Packard, Jr.) One 9 .

2. Dineura lateralis, n. sp.

Black; the pleura, venter (in part) and legs rufous. Length 0.16. Br. wings
0.36 inch.

9 . Body short and stout, shining black ; antennse slender, more
than half the length of body, joints decreasing very gradually in length ;
head polished, no depressions about ocelli; nasus not deeply emargi-
nate, labrum piceous ; tegulae, collar, a large spot on pleura, apical
segment of tergum, apical two-thirds of venter and legs yellow rufous,
basal half of stigma whitish ; second recurrent nervure received very
near the junction of second and third submarginals; third submargi¬
nal longer than wide; lower under wing middle cell much the largest.

Brunswick, Me., (A. S. Packard, Jr.) One 9 ■

3. D. litura.

Tenthredo (all) litura, Klug, Berl. Mag. vii, 1S14, 2d Fam. 83, 73.

“Luteous. The head and a longitudinal dorsal vitta black. Length lines.
Br. wings 5J lines.

Antennae bristle-shaped, somewhat longer than thorax, black ; clv-
peus truncate, on the edge red-yellow; the tips and mandibles are like¬
wise red-yellow, the latter brown at tip ; mouth yellowish ; a broad
black vitta extends over the back of thorax as far as the scutel ; the
abdomen and legs are of one color; wings perfectly clear; nerves and
costa yellow-brown, costal space not tilled up; the third cubital space
which receives no recurrent nervure is unusually small and penta¬
gonal.”

Not seen, and hence the section to which it belongs is not certain.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

241

Section 2. — (Uemichroa,) Stephens.

Hcmichroa, Steph., Mand. vii, 1835.

Leptocerca, Hartig, Die Blattw. 228. Dineura, Sec. 2.

Win (jr — Two marginal and four submarginal cells, the second sub¬
marginal receiving two recurrent nervures, the third submarginal
widened toward the end; lanceolate cell contracted; under wings with
two middle cells.

Antennae 9-articulate, long, setaceous.

Body as in Sclundria ; hinder tibial spurs long.

Europe.

Section 3. — ( Mesoneura ,) Ilartig.

Mesoneura, Ilartig, Die Blattw. 228, Sec. 3.

Pristis, Lepel, Brulle, Hym. v, 665.

Wings — Two marginal and four submarginal cells, the second receiv¬
ing two recurrent nervures, the second being received at the intersec¬
tion of the second and third submarginals; lanceolate cell petiolate ;
under wings with two middle cells.

Antenuae 9-articulate, formed as in Selondrio.

Body as in Selandria ; hinder spurs short.

4. Dineura parvus, n. sp.

Black ; the apex of venter and the legs rufous. Length 0.14. Br. wings 0.30
inch.

£ . Body short and stout; antennae moderate, filiform, not slender,
third and fourth joints equal, apical joints piceous; head coriaceous,
without depressions about ocelli ; nasus truncate; tegulae and apex of
venter piceous; legs yellow rufous; wings hyaline, nervures brown,
marginal cross nervure curved, received beyond middle of third sub¬
marginal cell, which is a little longer than wide.

Farmington, Conn. One £ .

45. SCIAPTERYX, Stephens,

Sciapteryx, Stephens, Brit. Ent. Mand. vii, 1835, 56.

Wings short and broad, two marginals, divided by a curved vein,
and four submarginal cells, of which the second and third each receive
a recurrent nervure.

Antennae 9-articulate, short, irregular, third as long as fourth and
fifth together, remainder gradually diminishing in length.

Head broad, large, rough ; eyes small ; clypeus and labrum emargi-
nate

Abdomen short, stout, depressed, acute at the tips.

Legs short, simple, tibial spurs short, obtuse.

(31)

TUANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

SEPTEMBER, 18(i7.

242

EDWARD NORTON.

1. Sciapteryx rotundus, n. sp.

Shining black; legs white, the posterior femora and tibiae tipped with black.
Length 0.33. Br. wings 0.70 inch.

9- Body polished, short and quite stout; antennae short, a little
longer than base of thorax, rather compressed in middle, irregular ;
first and second joints ovate, longer than usual, third curved, enlarging
toward apex ; fourth and fifth semi-ovate, contracted at base ; head
wide, polished, coarsely punctured near inner orbits; lower ocellus in
a large heart-shaped basin ; nasus emarginate, pleura coarsely punc¬
tured; abdomen very short and wide; legs white; coxae, except at
tips, a line on the first and second pair of femora above, apical half of
posterior femora and of tibiae and their apical tarsi black ; inner spur
of anterior tibiae very long, bifid; inner tooth of claws large and near
the tip ; wings hyaline, nervures blackish; lanceolate cell with oblique
cross line, remainder with two middle cells.

Farmington, Conn.

One specimen. The wings are not unusually short or stout. The
second submarginal is widest at the angle receiving the first recurrent
nervure, the third a little longer than the second.

46. WALDHEIMIA, Lepel.

Waldheimia, Lepel, MSS.

Brulle, Hvm. iv, 1S46, 665.

Wings— Two marginal and four submarginal cells, the second and
third each with a recurrent nervure; lanceolate cell contracted; under
wings with two middle cells.

Antennae 9-jointed, somewhat thickened in middle, the middle arti¬
cles longer than the others.

Type. — Tenth. Braziliensis.

1. W. Brasiliensis.

Tenthredo Brasiliensis, Lepel, Mon. Tenth. 1823, 95, 270.

Waldheimia Brasiliensis, Brulle, Hym. iv, 665.

Brazil.

2. W. Orbignyana, Brulle, Hym. iv, 1846, 665, pi. 46, fig. 8, 9 •

Bolivia, S. Am. Not seen, but from the species figured by Brulle,
this genus would appear to be the same with Macrophga.

47. ATHALIA. Leach.

Athalia, Leach, Zool. Misc. 1814.

Lepel, Mon. Tenth. 21.

Stephens, Brit. Ent. Maud. vii.

Brulle, Ilym. iv.

Hartig, Die Blattw. 1.

Jlylotoma, Spec. ***, Fab. Svst. Piez.

Tenthredo, (All) Fam. 1, King, Ac.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

243

Wings ample, two marginal and four submarginal cells, second and
third each receiving a recurrent nervure, the second small, rather quad¬
rate, the third rather long , lanceolate cell with oblique cross Hue; un¬
der wings with two middle cells.

Antennas 10-articulate, short, a little thickened toward the end, arti¬
culations rather indistinct, third joint largest, the apical joint rather
obtuse, with an obscure suture.

Head transverse, labrum generally rounded in front; mandibles bi-
dentate; body short, acute.

Legs slender, simple, tibiae with two acute spurs.

Larvae, wfith six pectoral, fourteen abdomiual and two anal feet.

The larvae of A. spinarum of Europe is said to be exceedingly de¬
structive to the turnips, eating the leaves and leaving only the fibres.
They come forth in a constant succession, from August till near No¬
vember. They do not touch the Swedish turnips. (Curtis, viii, 617).

1. A. proxima.

Tenthredo (All) proxima, Klug, Berl. Mag. vii, 1S14, 130, 5, 9 h •

“Luteous; metathorax, wings, tibise and tarsi black. Length 3 lines. Br.
wings lines.

Head and antennae black ; clypeus and tip yellow-white, mandibles
brown, at end black; scutel yellow-red, except the hinder half, which,
together with the metathorax, is black ; abdomen of one color, red-yel¬
low, ends of ovipositor sheath blackish ; legs reddish-yellow, except
the tibiae and tarsi, which are black; wings almost transparent, black¬
ish ; anterior darker, nerves black.

% . In the male the basal joints of antennae beneath are whitish-
yellow , the hinder half only of metathorax is black.”

Baltimore. Not seen. This is not to be found in any collection in
this country.

Wings with two marginal aud four submarginal cells.

48. SELANDitIA, Leach.

Selandria, Leach, Zool. Misc. 1S14.

Stephens, Brit.. Ent. Mand. vii, 44, xvii.

Brulle, Ilym. iv, <365.

Hartig, Die Blattw. 2(13, Sec. 1.

Tenthredo, Fain. II, Klug, Berl. Mag. vii, 1814.

Sec. fftt, Lejiel, Mon. Tenth.

Wings — Two marginal, divided by a straight, oblique nervure, and
four submarginal cells, first small, rounded, second and third of equal
size, each with a recurrent nervure. The submarginal bullae in all the
species examined are alike. A bulla in the middle of the first cross
nervure, from which a clear line joins a prolonged bulla at the first re-

244

EDWARD NORTON.

current nervure, thence to one on the lower third of the second ner-
vure, and thence to a wide bulla in the middle of the third nervure,
from which two distinct lines radiate to the margin ; a second line can
sometimes be discerned across the lower part of the third submarginal.

Antennae, 9-articulate, the two basal joints distinct, rather globose,
remainder sometimes less distinct, third often as long as both fourth
and fifth, the remainder gradually diminishing in length and thick¬
ness; terminal joint short, somewhat conic. Antennae seldom longer
than head and thorax.

Head broad, rugose, generally polished and shining, with a suture
more or less deep on each side of ocelli from the antennae to summit,
and an enclosed basin below the lower ocellus; nasus deeply notched;
mandibles bidentate; joints of maxillary palpi somewhat equal in
length, third joint of labial palpi short.

Body short and stout; abdomen broad, hardly longer than thorax.

Leys simple, with two short unequal spines at apex of tibiae, the an¬
terior pair bifid.

The larvae are generally twenty-two-footed. They are slug-like in
appearance and are often covered with a viscid slime. They are all
naked, but some are covered with whorls of spines, some with whorls
of fine hair, and some cover themselves with patches of white woolly
matter. They generally undergo their transformations in the earth,
but in some cases form a double cocoon, which remains in the ground.

Ilartig has formed the genus into four sub-sections, which are given
below, With the addition of another sectitwi which seems called for by a
species of this country. The names which he gave to these sub-sec¬
tions, founded on the form and habit of their larvae, do not all seem to
correspond with their larva characters in this country, and have not
been adopted.

The species of this genus are small and are mostly of inconspicuous
colors, and in many cases are so much alike that it is difficult to distin¬
guish them. Fortunately they seem to vary little from their types.

Table to assist in finding the Species.

Section I. Lanceolate cell petiolate.

Tribe 1. Under wings without mid lie cell.

Color black, shoulders and back red, inner claw tooth

large . 1, vitis.

Color black, shoulders and oack red, inner claw tooth

minute . 2, inhabilis

Color rulous, head aud pleura black . 3, capitalis.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

245

Tribe 2. Under wings one middle cell.

IMv. A. Antenme filiform, short.

Black, thorax before and pleural spot ru¬
fous . 4, barda.

5, dubia.

6, mexicana.

Ochre-yellow, pleura black . 7, marginicollis.

“ “ pale . 8, ochrea.

Black, collar and legs yellow rufous . 9, rubi.

“ tegulre, collar and legs white . 10, medius.

“ “ “ black, apex of femora

and legs white . 11, tiliae.

B. Antenme bristle-shaped, long.

Black, thorax mostly rufous . 12, rudis.

“ tegulse and collar rufous . 13, rufula.

Wholly black, anterior tibise obscure, in¬
ner claw tooth large . 14, fumipennis.

Wholly black, anterior tibiae obscure, in¬
ner claw tooth minute . 15, nubilipennis.

Section II. Lanceolate cell contracted in middle.

Testaceous, tergum black . 1(1, halcyon.

“ thorax and tergum black. ..17, montana.

Section III. Lanceolate cell with straight cross nervure . 18, nova.

Section IV. Lanceolate cell with oblique cross nervure.

Tribe 1. Under wings with no middle cell . 19, obsoletum.

Tribe 2. “ “ “ two “ cells.

Black; a round spot below stigma . 20, cerasi.

Black; a clear fascia at apex of wings . 21, fasciatus.

Tribe 3. Under wings with one middle cell.

Black; tegulse and collar black . 22, rosae.

“ “ “ “ white, legs be¬
low (he knees mostly white . 23, ignotus.

Black; tegulse and collar white, legs be¬
low the knees mostly white . 24, q. alba.

Section V. Lanceolate cell without cross nervure.

Black, with white collar and legs . 25, flavipes.

“ *•' rufous collar . 26, ruficollis.

Not known . 27, obtusa.

28, labiata.

Section 1. (Blcnnocampa), Hartig.

Lanceolate cell petiolate. Antennae filiform, not thickened in middle.

Tribe 1. ( Blennocampa ), Hartig.

Under wings without middle cell.

1. S. vitis.

Tenthredo pygmcca, Say, Long’s Second Exp. II, 1824, 318, 5, 9 £> •

Selanclria vitis, Harris’ Cat. 1833.

Inj. Ins., p. 413.

Norton, Bust. Proc. viii, 219, 9 % •

“Shining black, with red shoulders. Length tl.24. Br. wings 0.40 inch.

9 & • ISody short and stout, shining black 3 antennas filiform above

246

EDWARD NORTON.

the fourth joint, enlarged in -middle, third and fourth joints largest to¬
ward apex, at apex cup-shaped, apical joint short; each of the three
ocelli in a large, shallow, separate, pentangular basin, extending from
the upper ocelli toward the eyes; nasus hardly emarginate, mandibles
stout, second tooth prominent, with several projections beneath ; nasus
and labrum white; prothorax, mesothorax and tegulae rufous; the
four anterior legs pale beneath, with more or less of black above ; pos¬
terior coxae and femora somewhat pale beneath; inner claw tooth large
and near the tip; upper wings clouded, marginal dividing nervure re¬
ceived in middle of third submarginal cell, which also receives the se¬
cond recurrent nervure near its base; under wings appendiculate, or
with the outer submarginal partially closed at margin.

Vctr. The depressions about the ocelli indistinct; a deep mitre¬
shaped sinus above the antennae; most of scutel rufous.

Mass., Conn. U. S., (Say).

The larvae are 22-footed ; skin smooth, body somewhat enlarged in
middle and slender toward the tail. While growing, their color is
light green above, with two transverse rows of black thorn-like points,
alternately six and four in number across each ring, body yellow back
of the head, beneath, and the third segment from the tail, with head
and tip of tail, black. They live upon vine-leaves and are very de¬
structive, feeding iu companies, often of 20 or 30, on the lower side of
the leaf, and eating it all as they go. from the edge inward. They un¬
dergo their transformation in the ground.

Two broods appear iu a season. The young of the second brood re¬
main beneath the ground during the winter.

These insects are very destructive to the vines, often completely
stripping them of their leaves. 1 first saw them about ten yeai’s ago
on vines about five miles from my home, but my own vines have never
been attacked until this year, 1867, when the larvae appeared in great
numbers August 6th. I bred from one of the pupae, Sept 2od, the
Bassus limitaris, Say, 9 .

I have retained the name of &. vitis , because it seems more appro-
priate to the insect, although the name given by Say has the priority.

2. S. inhabilis.

Selandria inhabilis, Harris’ MSS.

Horton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 220, 2, 9 •

Shining black, anterior half of thorax rufous. Length 0.16. Br. wings 0.40
inch.

9 . Black ; antennas short, filiform, second joint half as long as first,
apical joint short ; face below the ocelli roughened and dull; labrum

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

247

dull white at tip ; the tegulse, prothorax, mesothorax and forward half
of pleura rufous ; abdomen short, nearly as wide as long; tips of femo¬
ra and the tibiae pale, with more or less black upon the tips of tibiae ;
wings ample, fuliginous; marginal nervure somewhat bent and received
near the third submarginal nervure.

£ . A male has the medial and posterior tibiae black.

Var! £. The prothorax, mesothorax and scutellum rufous. Ante¬
rior femora and tibiae reddish; inner claw tooth large; wings obscure,
darkest at base ; under wings with all the outer cells wholly closed,
the outer nervure not touching the margin. (Mexico, 1 % , Coll, of
H. de Saussure).

Massachusetts.

3. Selandria capitalis, n. sp.

Color yellow-red, the head and pleura black. Length 0.14. Br. wings 0.36
inch.

9. Shining yellowish-red; antennae moderate, first joint but little
longer than second, third but little longer than fourth, the whole fili¬
form, of equal size to apex, pubescent; the two basal joints white, re¬
mainder blackish ; head polished ; a lunate series behind ocelli and a
mitre-shaped' basin below; nasus hardly incurved; labrum reddish;
the pleura, the breast between first and second pair of legs and the
apex of venter black; legs white, inner claw tooth removed from tip.
Wings hyaline, nervures brownish; marginal dividing nervure curved
and received beyond the middle of cell ; first submarginal almost
square, third narrowed at base and widened at apex.

Brooklyn, N. Y., (J. Akhurst). One 9 •

In the form of the antennae this differs much from the type species.

Tribe 2. ( Monophadnus) , Ilartig.

Under wings with one middle cell.

Sub-Tribe A. ( Monophadnus ), Hartig.

Antennse filiform, short.

4. S. barda.

Alhintus barda, Say, Bost. Jour, i, 1835, 218, 7, 9-
Selandria barda, Norton. Bost. Proc. viii, 220, .3.

Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iii, 9, 14, ^ .

Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, 224.

Black ; thorax and anterior upjier angle of the pleura rufous. Length 0.2S.
Br. wings 0.64 inch.

‘■9. Body short, dilated, black ; antennae, the second joint nearly
as long as the first, but less dilated; front and vertex with impressed
lines ; nasus not deeply emarginate, labrum rounded before, mandibles
piceous at tip, thorax and humeral portion of the pleura honey-yellow ;
wings tinged with Tblaekish-purple.”

218

EDWARD NORTON.

Indiana, (Say).

The antennae are stout, filiform, largest in middle, third joint much
larger than fourth. The extent of rufous on the thorax is quite vari¬
able, sometimes covering mesothorax and half or the whole of scutel.
and sometimes only a spot on each lobe; in all cases the prothorax and
the anterior half of pleura are rufous ; the legs are black and the an¬
terior femora and tibiae before rufous. The upper wings are violace¬
ous at base, clearer toward apex ; lower wings faintly clouded if at all.
The claws have a very minute, obtuse inner tooth, distant from the
tip. Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Colorado.

5. S. dubia.

Selandria dubia, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, 1865, 244.

“Black; most of thorax yellowish-rufous; wings fuliginous, apical third and
posterior pair smoky hyaline. Length lines. Exp. wings 9 lines.

“9. Shining black, robust; head with scattered punctures, the
labrum and base of mandibles clothed with pale pubescence; ante nine
about as long as the head and mesothorax together, stout, first joint
subglobose, second a little shorter than the first, third half as long
again as the first and second together, remaining joints subequal, sub-
serrate beneath, the terminal joint the shortest. Thorax rufo-ferrugi-
nous, polished ; pleura protuberant, the posterior portion on the sides
and beneath black; metathorax black; tegulae rufo-ferruginous; wings
ample, smoky hyaline, faintly iridescent; the basal two-thirds of the
anterior pair fuliginous, darker at base; ncrvurcs and stigma black;
anal angle of the posterior wings pure hyaline, beautifully iridescent ;
the left wing with one middle cell, but none on the right wing, the
outer nervure being entirely obliterated. Legs entirely black, slightly
sericeous. Abdomen short, almost as broad as long, depressed, entire¬
ly shining black, the extreme apex fringed with pale pubescence.”

Colorado. One 9 •

This seems to be a variety of S. barda, Say, from which it differs
very little, except that it is larger. The inner claw tooth is very mi¬
nute as in that.

6. Selandria mexicana, n. sp.

Black; the tegulse, prothorax and mesothorax yellow-red; apex of coxcc and
trochanters white, wings subviolaceous. Length 0.25. Br. wings 0.56 inch.

9. Body stout. Antennte as in S. barda ; head wide aud not
thick, polished; nasus rounded before, with a small notch in the mid¬
dle, edge of nasus and labrum whitish; tegulae, prothorax, mesothorax
and scutel testaceous; emargination below basal plates large; legs
black, the apex of all the coxae, the trochanters and base of femora,

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

240

the anterior femora and tibiae before, and two-tliirds of the posterior
femora below, white; basal joint of hinder tarsi nearly as long as all
the rest together; inner tooth of claw rather larger than outer and
very near to it. Wings violaceous sub-obscure, color equally distri¬
buted ; first submarginal nearly round, outer under-wing cells open,
the marginal cell with a short appendiculate nervure.

Tampico, Mexico, (II. de Saussure). One 9 •

Much like iS. barda in appearance.

7. S. marginicollis.

Allantvs marginicollis, Harris’ Cat.

Selandria marginicollis, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 220, 4, 9 •

Dull ochre-yellow; head, spots on thorax, pleura and second segment of ter-
gum black. Length 0.20. Br. wings 0.52 inch.

9 . Body stout; antennae black, rather slender; head black, nasus
dud labrum pale; front of prothorax, middle of mesothorax, the meta-
thorax, first segment of tergum and the pectus black; collar, tegulae
and legs paler than the rest of body; wings hyaline, stigma and costa
pale ; marginal cross nervure received in middle of third submarginal
cell.

Mass., (Harris’ Coll.) Albany, N. Y., Dr. Peck. (2 9 .)

8. Selandria ochra, n. sp.

Testaceous ; head and legs below the knees black, wing's cbscure. Length
0.25. Br. wings 0.56 inch.

£> . Body stout, abdomen wide; antennae black, densely pilose; head
black, nasus and mouth below, white; mandibles each with one strong
inner tooth; body all of one color, paler beneath ; legs pale, all the ti¬
biae and tarsi (except the anterior pair, which are pale belore,) black ;
inner claw tooth as large as outer and very near it; wings blackish ob¬
scure, darkest at base, nervures and stigma black ; first submarginal
cell pyriform, angulate at base; marginal under-wing cells with an ap¬
pendiculate nervure.

Cordova, Mexico, (II. de Saussure). One % .

0. S. rubi.

S- ( Hoplocampa ) rubi, Harris, Address of N. Darling, New Haven, 1845, 13.

N. E. Farmer I. 164, II, p. 33.

Proc. Bost. Soc. vii, 235.

Norton, Proc. Bost. Soc. viii, 221, 5, 9-

“Black; a spot on each side of the collar, middle of the dorsum and legs
dirty yellow, wings smoky.” Length 0.28. Br. wings 0.5 a inch.

9 . Color black ; head rather rugose, nasus somewhat incurved ;
head pubescent, except about ocelli ; mandibles with two stout inner
teeth ; tegulae, most of anterior angle, the third, fourth, fifth and part
of sixth segments of tergum yellowish-white, venter ferruginous; legs

TRANS. AMEK. ENT. SOC. (32) SEPTEMBER, 1867.

250

EDWARD NORTON.

paler, their coxa) and the basal half of femora and tips of posterior ti¬
biae blackish; inner claw tooth large. Wings smoky hyaline, nervures
brownish ; marginal cross uervure curved and received near apex of
third cell.

Conn., Mass., Ohio.

Larvae, green, not viscid; six dorsal rows of tubercles having two
black bristles and four lateral ones on each side bearing white bristles.

They appear in May and feed on the raspberry. In 1862 I received
from Mr. Arthur Robinson, of New Haven, specimens of these larvae,
with leaves, from which they had eaten irregular holes in the middle
and on the edges. Mr. J. Kirkpatrick, ( Ohio Farmer, June 16th,
I860,) mentions a larva which “eats longitudinal blotches out of the
leaves of the raspberry and seems to be partly gregarious," which is
probably this. The larvae feed at night or early in the morning, and
conceal themselves during the day, and are, therefore, very difficult to
find.

10. S. medius.

Selandria mediu.s, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., iii, 1864, 9, 15, 9 £> •

Black; with white tegulae, collar and legs. Length 0.20. Br. wings 0.45 inch.

9- Short and stout, color shining black ; antennae as in S. tilia s,
(No. 11). Sutures at sides of sides of ocelli not extending to summit,
lower ocellus in an oval basin ; tegulae and most part of anterior angle
white; legs below trochanters reddish-white, base of femora darker;
wings hyaline, marginal cross nervure curved, received near middle of
third submarginal cell; second recurrent nervure almost coinciding
with the junction of the second and third cells; first submarginal oval.

S . Antennae more compressed, more of black on the base of femo¬
ra; second recurrent nervure received nearer to middle of cell.

New Jersey, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

Two specimens. It resembles S. fiavipcs.

11. S. tiliae.

Selandria tilice, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 221, 6, 9 •

Shining black; apex of femora and legs below, white. Length 0.24. Br.
wings 0.56 inch.

9 • Eody stout, black, polished; antennae enlarged in middle; three
large shallow depressions radiating from ocelli as in S. vitis ; a deep
sinus above the space between antennae; nasus slightly incurved ; in¬
ner tooth of mandibles retracted, a smaller blunt tooth behind; the
whole face black ; legs black above the apex of the femora, remainder
white, tips of the posterior tibiae and the tarsi fuscous; claws very
short and sharp, no inner tooth perceptible; wings hyaline, faintly

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

251

clouded at base of upper pair; marginal cross nervure straight, re¬
ceived between the middle and apex of cell ; a faint dot in middle of
first brachial as well as in the second submarginal cell.

b . Resembles female, except the tegulae and edge of collar are
whitish.

Farmington, Conn., Canada, Illinois. (41 9 , 2 £ ).

Taken in June for several years, on the Linden ( Tilia americana).
Larvm not known, but I have often noticed the leaves eaten with ir¬
regular holes, as in the case of S. rubi. Doubtless, like it, they feed
in the night or early morning only.

Sub-Tribe B. ( Phymatocera ), Dahlb.

Antennae bristle-shapecl, long.

12. S. rudis.

Selandria rudis, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 221, 7, 9-

Black; thorax mostly rufous. Length 0.20. Br. wings 0.44 inch.

9 . Body short. Antennae longer than to base of thorax, slender,
ends of joints not enlarged, third joint hardly longer than fourth; the
first and second joints, nasus and labrum pale rufous; head apparently
striate and finely and sparsely punctured; a wide channel ou each side
of ocelli from summit to mouth, and a shallow shield-like basin below
ocelli; edge of nasus straight; tegulae, prothorax, mesothorax and the
anterior half of pleura orange-red ; legs black, tips of the femora, the
anterior tibiae beneath, and the tips of tarsi pale rufous; tibiae and tar¬
si fuscous, pilose; claws with no perceptible inner tooth. Wings hya¬
line; marginal cross nervure curved, and received at junction of third
and fourth submarginal, second submarginal but little longer than first;
third cell nearly twice as long.

b . The male has more of white upon the four anterior legs.

Maine, Conn., N. Y.

In one specimen the marginal nervure is received within the third
submarginal cell.

13. S. rufula.

Selandria rufula, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 221, 8, % .

Black ; tegulse and edge of collar reddish-yellow. Length 0.18. Br. wings
0.40 inch.

b . Not very stout. Antennae nearly as long as body, second joint
half as long as first, third joint compressed, third, fourth and fifth
equal length, remainder nearly as long, apical joint as long as preceding;
head polished, nasus slightly incurved, and with the labrum, tegulae,
and edge of collar dull honey-yellow; legs black, tips of the four ante¬
rior femora and their tibiae whitish ; wings hyaline ; marginal nervure

252

EDWARD NORTON.

curved, received between middle and apex of third submarginal, se¬
cond submarginal twice as long as first.

Farmington, Conn. One b .

14. S. fumipennis.

Selandria fumipennis, Norton, Bost. Proe. viii, 1SG1, 222, 9. 9 b ■

Black, with long subviolaceous wings. Length 0.24 — 0.28. Br. wings 0.56 —
0.68 inch.

9 b . Shining black; abdomen of 9 much compressed, at the apex
acute; antennae nearly as long as body, somewhat resembling those of
Cladius , all the joints of nearly equal length, suddenly enlarged at tips
and contracted at base and flattened ; labrum slightly incurved, man¬
dibles large, the second tooth widely separated from the first; legs
black; anterior tibiae faintly whitish; inner tooth of claw large; wings
very long, subopaque, violaceous, color equally distributed, nerves and
stigma black.

Farmington, Conn.

15. Selandria nubilipennis, n. sp.

Black, a pale stripe down the anterior legs; wings violaceous, subhyaline at
apex. Length 0.22 — 0.24. Br. wings 0.44 — 0.50 inch.

9 • Body not so stout as S. fumipennis , abdomen flattened. An¬
tennae not two-thirds the length of body, third joint longer than fourth,
apical joint as long as preceding, nasus hardly incurved ; palpi black ;
legs black ; anterior legs before and all the knees whitish; claws with
no perceptible inner tooth ; wings subviolaceous, growing clearer to¬
ward apex.

b . The male has the flagellum in some lights piceous ; the four an¬
terior legs and posterior femora at tip ferruginous.

Maine, (A. S. Packard.) Mass., (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) Two 9 , one b .
This appears much like S. fumipennis, but the wings are not so ob¬
scure, the antennae are shorter, the body smaller and the claws simple.
Section 2. (Hoplocampa) , Hartig.

Lanceolate cell contracted in the middle. Antennae short, the third joint
hardly longer than the fourth and the end joint frequently thickened. Un¬
der wings with two middle cells.

16. S. halcyon.

Selandria halcyon, Harris’ Cat.

Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1861, 222, 10, 9 b •

Ochre-yellow; a large black spot on tergum. Length 0.16 — .18. Br. wings
0.48 — .54 inch.

9 b . Short, moderately stout, abdomen acute, color ochre-yellow ;
antennae, third joint longer than fourth, apical joint a little longer than
the preceding, obtuse and as thick as the other joints, color pale, the
joints tipped with black above, apex black, nasus not emarginate; man-

EDWARD NORTON.

253

dibles slender, second tooth retracted, with a smaller tooth below; a small
spot about the ocelli, the metathorax and a large spot upon the tergum,
black ; (the male has all the thorax above and all the tergum, except
the apex, blackish) ; legs of one color, the posterior tibiae and tarsi
fuscous; inner tooth of claw minute, rather sharp, near middle of claw.
Wings hyaline, stigma and costa pale; marginal cross nervure straight,
second recurrent nervure received between the middle and base of
third submarginal cell.

Var. Color almost entirely ochraceous. (Mass.)

M aine, Mass., Md., Satkatchewan, (Smiths. Inst.)

Taken in April for successive years in Baltimore, by Mr. Ulder, on
Amelanchier canadensis. The antennae are much like those of Athalia.
17. S. montana.

Selandria montana, Cresson, Proe. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, 244, 3, 9 •

“Whitish; vertex and mesothorax brownish; antennae piceous, dorsal sur¬
face of abdomen shining black ; wings tinged with yellowish fuscous; legs pale
blackish at tips. Length 34 lines. Br. wings 74 lines.

9 . Head whitish, finely pubescent; the vertex, occiput and stains
on the cheeks pale brownish; tips of mandibles piceous; antennae
short, piceous, proportions as in S. dub la. Thorax whitish, minutely
punctured, finely pubescent; mesothorax, scutellum, part of metatho¬
rax, a stain on each side of the pleura beneath and another just be¬
neath the wings, brown; tegulae whitish. Wings ample, subhyaline,
iridescent, the anterior pair uniformly tinged with pale yellowish fus¬
cous, the posterior pair hyaline, faintly dusky at tips; nervures fus¬
cous, the costal nervure, except the outer margins, the stigma, except
a spot in its middle, and the nervures at the base of the wings, pale;
posterior wings with two middle cells. Legs whitish, their femora
tinged with fulvous ; the four anterior tibiae behind (slightly inter¬
rupted in the middle), base and apex of the posterior tibiae within and
most of the tarsi blackish. Abdomen shining black above ; the ex¬
treme sides, apex and the venter entirely whitish.”

Colorado. One 9 • (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.).

The breast is white. The apical joint of the antennae is more slen¬
der than the preceding, the three apical joints of palpi clavate, the fi¬
nal joint the longest, the inner tooth of claw large and very near the
tip.

254

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

Section 3.

Lanceolate cell with straight cross line as in Tenthredo. Antennae short, fili¬
form, subserrate beneath.

18. Selandria nova, n. sp.

Shining black ; tegulae and legs, in part, white, wings faintly clouded, very
long. Length 0.16. Br. wings 0.48 inch.

9 . Body short ; antennae moderate, filiform to tip, subserrate be¬
neath, apical joint as long or longer than the preceding, obtuse, some¬
what clavate; sutures at sides of* ocelli wide and large, basin of lower
ocellus small ; legs black ; apex of femora and all the tibiae reddish-
white, blacker toward tips of tibiae, tarsi fuscous; claws without inner
tooth. Wings very long, hyaline, faintly dusky toward base, nervures
blackish ; first submarginal larger than usual, not rounded behind and
with a sharp angle on its lower side, near the costa, marginal cross ner-
vure bent.

Maine. One 9 • (A. S. Packard).

Section 4. ( Eriocampa ), Hartig.

Lanceolate cell with oblique cross line, antennre enlarged in middle.

Tribe 1.

Under wings without middle cell.

19. Selandria obsoletuni, n. sp.

Black; the four anterior legs below the knees pale, wings hyaline. Length
0.20. Br. wings 0.44 inch.

9. Short and stout; antennae, the first and second joints nearly
equal, third one-half longer than fourth. Head polished; an oval ba¬
sin below lower ocellus, ending in a sinus, on each side of which is a
separated pit; body wholly black ; legs black, below the knee joints
white; the lower half of posterior tibiae and their tarsi blackish, tips
of medial tibiae brown ; claws short and sharp, their inner tooth near
the base, difficult to see. Wings hyaline, faintly clouded in middle,
cross nervure as in S. rosse ; first submarginal rounded at base, cross
nervure in some cases apparently obsolete, (but a faint, clear whitish
line can in some lights be discovered in both sexes).

Mass., (Harris’ Coll.) (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) Three 9 , one b .
Tribe 2. Hartig.

Under wings with two middle cells.

20. S. cerasi.

Selandria cerasi, Peck, Nat. Hist. Slug worm, 1799.

Harris, Inj. Ins. 419.

Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 222. 11, 9 •

Winekell, Bost. Proc. ix, 321.

Black; legs below knee joints white, a clouded spot in middle of wings.
Length 0.20. Br. wings 0.44 inch.

9 . Body very short and stout; antennae, third joint nearly as long
as fourth and fifth, the joints beyond rapidly decreasing in size and

EDWARD NORTON.

length, apical joint slender and pointed; head polished; lower ocellus
in an ovate basin, with a sinus beneath; mandibles stout, second tooth
nearly as long as first, with three irregularities beneath ; body wholly
black ; tips of the four anterior femora, with the tibiae and tarsi more
or less dull white; claws short and sharp, with no inner tooth near the
tip. Wings hyaline, a large clouded spot below stigma; marginal di¬
viding nervure oblique, almost touching the third submarginal nervure.

New England, Pennsylvania, Michigan.

The larva is twenty-footed, is larger before than behind, and is co¬
vered with au olive-colored, sticky slime (like a slug.) There are two
broods, in June, July and in September, of which the first is the most
numerous and destructive. Prof. Peck, in a paper published in Pos¬
ton, by the Mass. Ag. Soc. 1799, makes the following statements with
regard to it: On the 6th of June he saw a female depositing an egg
under the “upper membrane of a cherry leaf, but on the under side of
the leaf,” first making a circular incision about half a line in diameter,
then withdrawing the ovipositor a little and forcing an egg into the
aperture. It was first a long oval, and from day to day became more
spherical in shape. On the tenth day the eyes of the larva became
visible through the membranes of the leaf and egg, and ou the four¬
teenth day the larva came forth and began to feed. On first quitting
the egg the larva is nearly white, the head brown and large. In
the course of twenty days it throws off' four skins, each of which it
generally eats at once ; it remains in the fifth viscous skin six days and
acquires its full growth, and then quits the skin, leaving it adhering
to the leaf, and appears in a clear yellow skin, not viscous. Soon after,
it descends to the earth, which it penetrates to the depth of from
one to four inches, forming little cells of hardened earth, smooth with¬
in. On the 12th of July he collected about 170 of these larvae in the
mature state and placed them in a vessel filled with light earth, from
which they began to rise in the imago state in eighteen days, but con¬
tinued to appear for some time, and some remained in the pupa state
until the following spring. The second brood of larvae appeared in
August, and individuals came forth as late as September and October,
but not in so great numbers as in the first brood. Of these he collect¬
ed about 190, which remained in the pupa case during the winter, but
did not change from the larva into the pupa state until May. On the
21st of May they began to appear in the imago state and lay their eggs,
but did not all come forth at once, many being several weeks later.
The larva when of full size is about 0.45 inch in length. It feeds up-

256

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

on the upper side of the leaves of the cherry (both wild and cultivated)
and the pear, eating only the epidermis, never eating through the leaf,
and leaving the veins and skeleton. Generally but two or three are
found upon a leaf, but when they are in great numbers there are some¬
times twenty or thirty. In such cases when they are very numerous
a disagreeable odor s given forth. At times they have been very de¬
structive to these fruit trees. Dr. Harris asserts and confirms these
statements, with additional remarks. Prof. Peck has illustrated his
remarks by a series of careful drawings, which proves his insect to be
the same which is found here now.

Prof. Winchell has also published some interesting observations on
the same insect, which cannot here be copied for want of space. He
states that the incisions are straight and not semicircular, are made and
the ova deposited on the upper side of the leaf, the ovipositor going
entirely through the leaf, and that the larva appears on the eighth or
ninth day. It was very abundant, and in some instances attacked not
only the cherry and pear but the mountain ash and plum.

21. S. fasciatus.

Se/andria fasciatus, Norton, Froc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iii, 1864, 9, 16, J.

Black; legs below the knees, except the hinder tibise, white, basal half of in¬
ner wings blackish. Length 0.20. Br. wings 0.50 inch.

9 . Color shining black, third joint of antennae nearly as long as
fourth and fifth ; head polished, lower ocellus in a heart-shaped basin ;
a sinus beneath, with another on each side; legs black, their tibiae and
tarsi, except the tips of apical joints, pure white; the apex of posterior
tibiae black ; inner claw tooth obtuse, of moderate size near the base;
wings ample, their basal half two-thirds blackish, their apical third
hyaline; marginal dividing nervure received at intersection of third
and fourth cells.

% . The male has no inner under-wing cells. (Illinois).

Massachusetts, Illinois. Two 9 , three % .

Tribe 3. Hartig.

Under wings with one middle cell.

22. S. rosae.

Selandria roscc, Harris’ Cat. 1835, and Inj. Ins. 416, 9 % •

Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 223, 13.

Black; legs below the knees, in part, white, wings tinged with blackish vio¬
laceous, darkest at base. Length 0.20. Br. wings 0.44 inch.

9 S . Body stout, shining black ; antennae short, filiform, third
joint one-half longer than fourth, fourth longer than fifth, apical joint
shorter than the one preceding and more slender; channels on each
side of ocelli, wide, shallow, irregular, and not extending to edge of

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

^01

occiput; inner tooth of mandibles retracted, no irregularities below;
tips of mandibles red; body wholly black; legs black, the two ante¬
rior pair dull white below the knee joints, with fuscous tarsi ; the mid¬
dle tibiae are sometimes black on the upper side, and the posterior tibiae
whitish at base and tip, remainder with the tarsi blackish; claws with
a moderately large inner tooth near the base. Wings tinged with
blackish violaceous, darkest toward the base; under wings sometimes
hyaline; marginal cross nervure straight and received in middle of
third submarginal cell.

Northern States.

Larvae 22-footed, slug-like, not slimy, not enlarged toward the head,
although they have the power of retracting the head partly within or
beneath the following segments. Color pale green, beneath yellowish;
head yellowish, with a black dot or “triple-pointed wart” ou each side.
To the eye it appears soft and velvety, but free from hairs. It has
two broods, coming forth in June and August, and feeds on the leaves
of the rose, on the epidemis of the upper side of the leaf, not eating
the vines or the under skin. There are seldom more than two or three
on a leaf. Their transformations are much like those of *S'. ce.rasi.
When disturbed the imagos often sluggishly drop from the leaf of the
bush upon the ground. They are most active in the morning and
evening. When the larva is mature it passes into the ground and
forms an oval cell below the surface, smoothed within and cemented
by gummy silk. The second brood is not so numerous as the lirst.

This is the most destructive insect of this genus, as it infests the
rose bushes, and in their most beautiful season, causes the rose leaves
of whole gardens to look as if burned by tire. And as the life of the
leaf is not wholly destroyed, the effect is perceived for a long time af¬
ter the damage is done. It continues to remain for years about the
same locality.

23. Selandria ignotus, n. sp.

Black, with the tegulse, collar, the four anterior tibiae and base of posterior
tibiae white. Length 0.20. Br. wings 0.44 inch.

9. Body stout, shining; antennae as in S. rouse; head below the
occiput ‘dull, with close punctures; nasus irregularly notched ; tegulae,
edge of collar, all the knee joints, the four anterior tibiae, base of pos¬
terior tibiae and of 1st joint of tarsi whitish, remainder of legs black;
tarsi obscure ; inner tooth of claws minute, below the middle; wings
slightly clouded, dividing marginal nervure received between middle
and apex of third submarginal ; second recurrent nervure received be¬
tween middle and base of the same cell ; base of first submarginal not

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. (33) SEPTEMBER, 1867.

258

EDWARD NORTON.

rounded, but protracted to a sharp angle as in Empliytus. One speci¬
men has bands on tbe abdomen as in E. maculatus.

Maine, (A. S. Packard.) Illinois, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.). Conn.

A specimen from Illinois has the anterior tibiae fuscous and the first
submarginal obsolete.

24. Selandria quereus alba, n. sp.

Black, with the four anterior legs pure white below the middle of femora,
and a white band on posterior tibiae. Length 0.20. Br. wings 0.40 inch.

S 9- Shining black, short and compressed; antennae slightly en¬
larged in middle, third joint nearly as loug as fourth and fifth ; head
polished; lower ocellus in an oval basin, with three pits beneath; body
wholly black; legs black, the two anterior pair clear white below the
middle of femora; tips of their tibiae waxen; the basal two-thirds of
posterior tibiae and of first tarsal joint white ; tarsi fuscous, apical joint
of all the tarsi waxen-white; inner tooth of claws minute, beiieath the
middle. Wings hyaline, iridescent, nervures blackish, first submargi¬
nal cell rounded at base.

Farmington, Conn.

This appears much like S. rosse, but the wings of this are clear and
the hinder tibiae have a distinct white band.

The larvae feed on our white oak. I find them in abundance upon
some English oaks, (Quereus robur). They are naked, slimy slugs,
like those of S. cerasi, 22-footed ; color pale green, at times almost
white, enlarged near head. Head white, the six anterior legs amethys¬
tine brown, tail segment constricted, rather sharp. They feed in com¬
panies when young, sometimes twelve on a leaf, head outward, devour¬
ing the epidermis of the under side of the leaf, aud not eating holes
through. The eggs are not laid in the ribs of the leaf, but in the
smooth surface between the upper and lower skin near the tip of the
leaf, where whitish, irregular blotches are soon formed, visible only be¬
neath, from the centre of which the larva comes forth. I have bred
many specimens, coming forth in twelve or fourteen days.

Section 5. — ( Selandria ), Hartig.

Lanceolate cell open at the shoulder, without cross line; under wings with two

middle cells.

25. S. flavipes.

Selandria flavipes, Norton, Bost. Proc. viii, 1S61, 222, 12, 9b-

Black, with the tegulse, collar and legs yellow-white. Length 0.22. Br. wings
0.46 inch.

9 b . Shining black; antennae somewhat enlarged in middle, third
joint longest, remaining decreasing rapidly in size and length; apical
joint pointed, color toward apex pale; head polished, with three de-

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

259

pressions about ocelli as in S. vitis, the lower one very distinct; be¬
tween this and antennae is a deep, recurved cross channel almost ex¬
tending to eyes; nasus wide, its edge straight, tips of mandibles sharp,
its inner tooth retracted; tegulae, collar and legs straw-yellow; inner
claw tooth small, near the base; abdomen compressed; wings faintly
clouded, marginal cross nervure curved, and touching the third sub¬
marginal beyond the middle; first submarginal rounded at base.

Connecticut, New York, New Jersey.

Common. By an error this was originally placed in Tribe 2 of Sec¬
tion 8.

26. Selandria ruficollis, n. sp.

Black; the tegulae, prothorax and mesothorax rufous; wings fuliginous.
Length 0.24 — 0.28. Br. wings 0.50 — 0.56 inch.

S . Not very stout, compressed, apex of abdomen rounded; first and
second joint of antennae cup-shaped, remainder enlarged in middle;
the third joint long; head polished, lower ocellus in a basin ; nasus
hardly emarginate ; mouth black, palpi piceous ; tegulae, prothorax,
mesothorax and scutel rufous, the lower half of prothorax black ; legs
black, the anterior femora and tibiae yellow ; base of femora and apex
of tibiae black ; apical half of medial femora and tibite obscure reddish.
W ings blackish subhyaline.

Var. Venter at base pale, legs black, trochanters pale, base of first
joint of tarsi white.

iMexico. (2 % .) Saussure.

Species not known.

27. S. obtusa.

Tenthredo (All) obtusa , King, Berl. Mag. viii, 1814, 55, 20, Tr. II, A. f.

“Body black fuscous; clypeus, collar, base of abdomen, legs before, and pos¬
terior tibiae testaceous, wings hyaline, stigma yellowish. Length 4 lines. Exp.
wings 8£ lines.

The abdomen thickens itself obtusely. Antennae of equal thickness
throughout. The anterior part of body is light pubescent whitish ;
mandibles black, inner part of mouth yellowish. The back plates of
metathorax are white; upon the abdomen the first and second segments
are dirty white-yellow, the portions of the anus beneath are of the same
color; on the middle legs the under side of the shanks are brownish :
on the under legs the shanks, spurs of tibiae and tarsi are blackish ;
wings hyaline, with brown nerves, yellow costa and reddish outer
nerves; the second submarginal receives two recurrent nerves, of
which the second enters close to the third, wiug scales yellow.”

Georgia.

260

EDWARD NORTON.

This may belong to one of the sections of Dineura. although in
Klug’s paper it is associated with Selandria.

28. S. labiata.

Tcnthredo {All) labiata, Ivlug, Berl. Mag. viii, 1814, 56. Tribe II, A. f.
“Antennse the length of thorax: body elongate, black; abdomen pubescent
at apex, collar on each side, with the wing scales, pale; labrum and legs testa¬
ceous, wings hyaline. Length 3 lines. Exp. 6 lines.

Mandibles brown, at tip black, the labrum fringed with fine hair,
the back plates like the wing scale, white; the segments of abdomen
shining on hinder edge, pitchy. On each side of the spurs projects
backward pale spiny hair; the hinder portion of the anterior legs
fades into white ; in the middle the color is rather dirty red-yellow.
The hinder coxae are at the base yellowish. The wing-nerves and cos¬
ta dark brown-black.

G-eorgia. Not seen.

This is also placed by Ivlug in his Fain. 2. (Antennae 9-joioted.)
Sec. 1. Wings with two marginal and four submarginal cells. Div. A.
Body oval. j\ Antennae filiform.

49. ALLANTUS, Panz. (as restricted by Ilartig.)

Allantus, Panz.

Jurine, Nov. meth. 1807, 52.

Allantus, Leach.

Stephens, Brit. Ent. Maud. vii.

Hartig, Die Blattw. 285,

Wings — Two marginal and four submarginal cells, the second and
third each receiving a recurrent nervure. Lanceolate cell always with
a straight cross line ; bullae as in Selandria , that on the third trans¬
verse nervure wide and often indistinct, but most distinct at the ends;
under wings with two inner cells.

Antennse (with one exception) 9-articulate, scarcely longer than the
thorax, mostly thickened toward the end, with stout basal joints, third
joint longer than fourth.

Body cylindrical, clypeus hardly emarginate, labrum rounded, man¬
dibles with obtuse teeth.

Legs simple; coxae reaching as far as the edge of the third abdomi¬
nal segment ; anterior inner spur bifid, inner claw tooth large.

Larva twenty-two-footed, solitary, and feeds upon the leaves of va¬
rious plants. It is generally found rolled up in a spiral form. It per¬
forms its transformations in the earth. July aod August.

Leach divided the genus Tcnthredo into two Sections. Allantus:
Antennae generally somewhat clavate, third joint longer than fourth;
and Tcnthredo: Antennae slender, third and fourth joints equal. The

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

2G1

arrangement of Hartig is here followed, although the divisions cannot
be considered more than sub-genera.

Division 1. Antennse 8-jointed ! clavate.

1. Allantus originalis, n. sp.

Black; the mouth, collar, scutel, basal plates, and band on each segment of
abdomen yellow; wings hyaline. Length!). 50. Br. wings 1.00 inch.

9- Body long, abdomen somewhat compressed; antennae short, 8-
jointed, clavate, first joint large, more than twice as long as second,
third nearly as long as fourth and fifth together, apical joint rather ob¬
tuse, rounded; color black, with a pale spot on the outside of basal
joint; head and thorax dull, with coarse pits; nasus incurved, pro¬
duced. labrum rather pointed; the apical joint of palpi shorter than
either of the two preceding; nasus and mouth beneath, pale; teguhe
piceous; a broad baud on collar, scutel, (scutel rather prominent), ba¬
sal plates, an interrupted band on the apical edge of second and third
and a band on remaining segments of abdomen dull yellow, inclining
to piceous on the venter; a yellow spot above hinder coxae; legs black,
trochanters black, the anterior femora before, and all their tibiae and
tarsi, the medial knee joints, tibiae (their tips blackish) and tarsi, (api¬
cal joints black), posterior knee joints, tibiae (their apex and apex of
tarsi black) and tarsi yellowish. Wings smoky hyaline, stigma and
costa ferruginous, nervures yellowish.

Carabou Island, Sts. of Belle Isle, Labrador, (A. S. Packard, Jr.)

One specimen. It somewhat resembles All. arcuatus, of Europe,
but the head is smaller and the abdomen longer. The antennae are
more clavate than any North American species yet seen. In other re¬
spects it resembles Allantus.

Division 2. Antennas 9-jointed; not clavate.

2. A. basilaris.

Tcnthredo basilaris, Say, Long’s Second Exp. II, 1824, 316, 9 %.

Allantus cor onatus, Harris’ Cat. .

Allantus basilaris, Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 1860, 240, 9.

Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iii, 10, 18, Var. 'J, .

Black : the basal joint of antennse, face below, cheeks, tegulse, collar, scutel,
basal plates, spots on pleura, and fascise on the five apical segments of abdomen
of 9 straw-yellow; abdomen of %, wholly pale. Length 0.44 — 0.48. Br. wings
0.80 — 0.86 inch.

9- Abdomen long, cylindrical; antennae short, stoutest in middle,
apical joint pointed, basal joint more than twice as long as the next,
third long, basal joint pale; head wide as thorax, polished, having very
shallow punctures, deeply channeled on each side of ocelli, with a cross
channel behind; lower ocellus in a basin, which extends down between

2G2

ED4VARD NORTON.

antennas; nasus deeply notched, labrum rounded before; a dot above
each eye within, a spot on cheeks, mouth below antennas, tegulae, and
an angle before, scutel, basal plates, a triangular spot on pleura, and a
smaller spot above hinder coxae, the fourth, an interrupted band on the
fifth, the band on the sixth and seventh segments and the apex of ter-
gum straw-yellow, the band on the fourth segment encircling the abdo¬
men ; legs yellowish, the coxae, except at tips, a line ou the apex of
medial femora above, the apical half of posterior femora and apex of
their tibiae blackish, their tarsi fuscous; inner spur of anterior tibiae
bifid, inner tooth of claws large and near the tip. Wings smoky yel¬
lowish, transparent, apical half darkest, stigma and costa yellowish.

% . The male has the abdomen shorter, more slender ; the cheeks,
pleura and abdomen beyond middle of first segment straw-yellow; legs
yellow, except a spot on posterior coxae, a line down the four posterior
femora and tibiae and the hinder tarsi black.

Var. a. % . llesembles the female, except that only the second,
third and fourth segments of abdomen are yellow, the remainder black;
the posterior tarsi are pale beneath.

New England, N. Y., Pa.. Ill., N. W. Ter.

The bands upon the abdomen, especially that on the fourth segment,
have a rufous tinge, but are not distinctly red as described by Say.

3. A. dubius.

Allantus dubius, Harris’ Cat.

Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 1860, 240, 10, 9-

Black; antennae piceous, basal joints yellow, the fifth and the three apical
segments of tergum yellow. Length 0.45. Br. wings 0.90 inch.

9 . Color black ; antennae piceous, the basal joint pale ; head wide,
indistinctly piceous about the orbits; clypeus produced, angulate;
labrum rounded; clypeus and beneath, scutellum, edge and sides of
basal plates, a spot above posterior coxae, the fourth and the three api¬
cal segments of tergum yellow; tegulae piceous; legs piceous yellow,
darkest (in one case black) on femora above and on base of tibiae ;
coxae black, at tip yellotv ; trochanters yellow; wings clouded, ner-
vures and apex of stigma blackish; basal half of stigma and costa
piceous yellow.

Mass., (Harris’ Coll.)

This may be a variety of A. lasilaris.

4. Allantus annularis, n. sp.

Black; base of antennae, mouth, cheeks, tegulae, anterior angle, two spots on
pleura, scutel and post-scutel, basal plates and a band or fascia on each segment
of abdomen yellow. Length 0.40. Br. wings 0.80 inch.

9. Shining black ; abdomen shorter and more cylindrical than in

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

26.c

A. basilaris ; antennas short and stout as in Selandria ; head polished;
basal joint of antennae and second joint beneath, two oval spots above
their base, nasus and mouth beneath, lower half of cheeks, tegulae, an¬
terior angle, a large triangular spot on pleura, a rouud spot above pos¬
terior coxae, scutel and post-scutel. basal plates, an interrupted fascia
on first and second segments of tergum, an irregular band on fourth
and fifth, the whole of fourth, sixth and seventh segments and apex of
tergum, and the fourth segment of venter straw-yellow, those on the
tergum having a rufous tinge; legs yellowish ; the basal half of coxae,
the upper apical half of posterior femora, the tips of all the tibiae and
tarsi black ; patellae black. Wings slightly clouded, nervures black,
base of stigma and costa ferruginous.

£ . The male has the basal half of the first and second segments,
most of the third, and all the fourth segments of tergum and all but
the two apical segments of venter pale yellow, remainder black.

Cape Mendocino, Cal., (Cambr. Mus.) Collected by A. Agassiz, Jr.

This is much like A. basilaris, but is smaller, the abdomen shorter
and less compressed, &c.

5. Allantus interruptus, n. sp.

Black ; two dots above antennae, the mouth below, cheeks, tegulae, collar, a
spot above hinder coxae, scutel, basal plates, and an interrupted band on all
but the three apical segments of tergum yellowish. Length 0.40. Br. wings
0.80 inch.

9 . Quite short and compressed, shining black; antennae moderate,
of one color; head polished; two oval dots above antennae, nasus and
mouth below, cheeks, tegulae, collar, a spot above hinder coxae, scutel,
basal plates, a slender line on each side above, a fascia, interrupted in
middle, ou the first, second, third, fourth and filth segments of tergum,
the sixth, seventh and apex above and beneath straw-yellow; legs yel¬
lowish ; the coxae, a line down the upper side of all the femora and the
upper and lower tips of tibiae black; wings hyaline, slightly clouded,
nervures black, base of stigma pale.

Cape Mendocino, Cal., (Cambr. Museum. Coll, by A. Agassiz, Jr.)
One 9 .

The abdomen is quite short and stout.

6. Allantus maximus, n. sp.

Black; the mouth, collar, scutel, spot above the four hinder eoxse, and a band
on the fourth and fifth segments of abdomen yellowish. Length 0.54. Br. wings
1.08 inch.

9 . Thorax and abdomen very wide. Antennae short, stcut, tinged
with ferruginous near the middle; head very large, as wide as thorax,

264

EDWARD NORTON.

polished, the space above ocelli punctured ; thorax dull, with dense
punctures; nasus deeply emarginate, mandibles very wide and strong,
mostly white, apex black ; nasus, labrum, collar, (tegulae black) scutel,
a spot above each of the four hinder coxas, and a band covering the
third and fourth segments of abdomen, yellow, (on the abdomen tinged
with orange) ; legs black at base, the anterior femora before, the upper
half of intermediate femora and the parts beneath, yellowish ; tips of
posterior ti hire black : wings smoky yellowish, stigma, costa and basal
nervures black.

Washington Territory, (Baron Osteu Sacken).

One 9 . The abdomen is very long and stout, making this much
larger than any other of our species.

7. A. unicinetus.

AUantus unicinetus, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iii, 1864, 9 17, 9 S •
Black: a wide annulus on antennse, mouth, collar, scutel, third and fourth
segments of abdomen and lower half of legs white. Length 0.47. Br. wings
0.92 inch.

9- Body long, cylindrical; antennas not as long as thorax, third
joint nearly as long as fourth and fifth, color black, the fourth to the
eighth inclusive, white, apical joint brownish; head rugose; clypeus
notched, labrum conic; both, with the base of mandibles, a wide mark
on collar, upper half of scutel, a spot on each side of basal plates and
an adjacent spot at base of posterior coxae, the third and fourth seg¬
ments of abdomen pale straw-yellow; thorax dull, with tine, separated
punctures; legs black above the knee joints, the whole apical half of
anterior femora, apical half of medial femora above and the tibiae and
tarsi pale yellow ; the tips of posterior tibiae blackish ; tips of the four
anterior tibiae, and all the tarsi reddish. Wings clouded, apical half
darkest, nervures black, stigma and costa brown.

% . The male has the fourth and fifth joints of antennae black above,
spot on collar small, the sides of first and second and all of the third
segments of abdomen, except a spot on its apex above, yellowish.

Ilocky Mts., Colorado, ((Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) Three 9 , three £ .

Species not determined.

8. A. obesus.

AUantus obesus, Say, Harris’ Cat.

Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 1860, 260, 'J, .

Black; body stout; wings fasciate. Length about 0.35 Br. wings 0.74 inch.

% . Shining black; thorax wide; abdomen short and stout; head
narrower than thorax, coarsely punctured ; vertex surrounded by an
oval ridge, inclosing the anterior ocellus; antennas moderate, third

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

265

joint long; ocelli pale; face immaculate; palpi piceous at tip; clypeus
moderately emarginate ; thorax rough, immaculate ; two pale dots be¬
hind scutellum; legs yellow; intermediate femora at tip above, poste¬
rior coxae at base, apical half of femora and tibiae and all the nails
black; wings hyaline ; nervures dark brown; stigma inflated, black ;
a broad, brownish fascia upon superior pair crossing the second and
the second and third submarginal cellules.

Massachusetts, (Harris’ Coll.)

One imperfect specimen, the upper half of abdomen being wanting.

Not seen since first described. It probably bclougs to Dineura or
Sciapteryx.

50. MACROPHYA, Dahlb.

Macrophya, Dahlb.

Hartig, Die Blattw. 290, iv.

Tenthredo (All), Fam. Ill, Klug, Berl. Mag. vii.

Wings with two marginal and four submarginal cells, the second and
third each with a recurrent nervure; bullas as in Allantus ; under
wings with two middle cells.

Antennse. 9-jointed, either shorter than beyond base of abdomen,
somewhat thickened in middle or longer than base of abdomen, seta¬
ceous.

Body as in Allantus.

Legs as in Allantus , -except the hinder coxae, which are unusually
large, reaching as far as the edge of the fourth abdominal segment.

Table to assist in determining the Species.

Section 1.

Antennse hardly longer than to base of abdomen, somewhat thickened in
the middle.

Tribe 1.

Lanceolate cell with oblique cross line . I, excavatus.

Tribe 2.

Lanceolate cell with very short, straight cross line or closed

in middle.

A. Antennse wholly black.

a. Scutellum pale.

X. Abdomen black, posterior tibise banded . 3, epinotus.

Spot on pleura . . 4, pulchella.

b. Scutellum black.

Abdomen black, posterior tibise banded.

1. Spot on pleura . , . 5, lineata.

2. All the coxse pale, tarsi pale . 2, incertus. 9-

3. Hinder coxse pale, tarsi pale . 6, flavicoxae.

4. “ “ mostly pale, tarsi black . 8, pannosus.

5- “ “ black, “ “ . 9, proximata.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. (34) SEPTEMBER, 1867.

266

EDWARD NORTON.

ff. Posterior tibiae with an outer pale line or spot.

6. Hinder coxae black . 10, externus.

7. All the coxae with a white spot . 11, tibiator.

-f-f-f. Posterior tibiae black.

8. All the coxae with a white spot, hinder tarsi

black . . . 12. albomaculatus.

9. Hinder coxae with a white spot, hinder tarsi

black . 7, incertus, ^ .

10. Hinder coxae black above . 13, pumilus.

11. “ legs black . 14, fuligineus.

XX. Abdomen rufous or banded with rufous.

1. Wings hyaline . 15, dejectus.

2. “ obscure . 29, fumator.

5. Spot on pleura ; legs black and yellow . 28, trosulus.

XXX. Abdomen banded with white . 2, pluricinctus.

B. Antennae pale beneath.

1. Abdomen white banded . 18, zonalis.

2. “ “ beneath . 19, californicus.

C. Antennae at tip pale.

a. Scutellum pale . 16, niger.

b. “ black . 17, trisyllabus.

I). Antennae at tip and base pale.

1. Abdomen rufous . 20, varius.

2. “ “ black and white, . 21, eurythmia.

3. “ “ a white spot on pleura . 22, fascialis.

E. Antennae pale at base.

1. Abdomen banded with rufous on 4tli segment.... 23, bifasciatus.

2. “ “ “ “ “ and 5th “ ....24, formosus.

3. “ “ *' “ or rufous, legs ru¬
fous and yellow, spot on pleura . 27, goniphorus.

4. Abdomen black, femora black banded . 26, intermedius.

5. “ “ “ pale . 25, cestus.

Section 2.

Antennae longer than to base of abdomen, setaceous . 30, omega.

Section I. — ( Macrophya ,) Hartig.

Antennae hardly longer than base of abdomen, thickened in middle.

Tribe 1. Hartig.

Lanceolate cell open at the shoulder, with oblique cross line.

1. M. excavatus.

ALlantus excavatus, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, i, 1861, 143. 9 •

Bost. Proc. 18, 1 18.

Black ; base of antennae, collar, basal plates and hinder tibiae, except at apex,
straw-yellow. Length 0.39. Br. wings 0.79 inch.

% . Body short and stout; thorax wide; antennae rather enlarged
in middle, diminishing toward apex, first joint nearly twice as long as
second, obliquely truncate, third nearly as long as fourth and fifth ;
head and thorax wide and large, covered with deep pits, as in Dolerus,
third joint of maxillary palpi short; a whitish spot in middle of lab-

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

2G7

rum ; collar, a spot below, basal plates, apex of abdomen and (some¬
times) extreme edges of four apical segments yellowish ; abdomen short,
cylindrical, a rufous spot on each side of first segment; legs black ;
tips of coxae, trochanters, base and apex of four anterior femora, their
tibiae, posterior tibiae, except at apex, and base of first tarsal joint pale
yellow ; tips of the four anterior tibiae and the tarsi brown ; inner claw
tooth not as large as outer; apical half of wings clouded, changing in¬
to smoky yellow, basal half of stigma pale. Under wings with one mid¬
dle cell, the lower nerve of lanceolate cell of under wing coinciding
with cross nervure above.

Var. a. No bands upon edges of segments of tergum.

Mass., Penn., Md., Ill.

This was first described as an Allantus , because its femora are shorter
than is usual in Macrophya , but they are quite stout, and in form and
general appearance this approaches nearer to Macrophya than Al¬
lantus.

Tribe 2.*

Tribes 2 and 3. Hartig.

Lanceolate cell open at shoulder, with short, straight cross line, or rarely closed

or closed with a separation between the two areas.

2. M. pluricinctus.

Macrophya pluricinctus, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 1862, 118. 9 %•

Black; edge of collar, scutellum and bands on abdomen white. Length 0.28.
Br. wings 0.60 inch.

9. Body short and stout, black; antennae stout, as in Allantus ;
clypeus hardly emarginate ; face black, palpi partly white , tegulse,
edge of collar, spot on the front of scutellum, edge of basal plates and
a band at edge of each segment of abdomen white; tips of all the fe¬
mora, the four anterior tibiae and tarsi beneath, tips of coxae and the
upper side of posterior legs white; the middle of four posterior tibiae
encircled with white, extreme tips black ; tarsi partly black. Wings
hyaline, stigma while at base; lanceolate cell with short, straight cross
line.

£ . The male differs only in having the bands interrupted on the
middle of tergum, and the posterior femora with a white line above and
beneath. ->

San. Mat., Cal. (Carnbr. Mus.)

Two specimens. The abdomen is short, as in Selandria.

* Hartig here makes two tribes. The second having a straight cross line in
the lanceolate cell — the third having the lanceolate cell closed in middle. But
some of our species present both peculiarities in different individuals, and
others differ in different sexes. The two tribes are here united, but the form
of the lanceolate cell is generally specified in the description.

2G8

EDWARD NORTON.

3. M. epinotus.

Allantus epinotus, Say, Bost. Jour, i, 1835, 215, 1. 9 S •

Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 257, 42.

Allantus sambucci, Harris’ Cat.

Macrophya epinotus, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

Black; mouth, collar, scutel and basal plates white, posterior tibiae banded.

Length 'J, 0.28. Br. wings 0.64 inch. Length 9 0.36. Br. wings 0.70 inch.

9- Body short, thorax enlarged, as in M. excavatus ; antennae
black, stout, as in Selandria , enlarged toward base ; head and thorax
dull, with close punctures, coarsest on pleura; nasus wide, deeply
notched; labrum truncate; both, with a spot on mandibles, two dots,
sometimes minute, on edge of occiput back of ocelli, a spot on tegulae,
collar, most part of scutel and of basal plates, a spot on hinder coxae,
white; abdomen short, cylindrical; legs black; all the trochanters,
the anterior femora beneath, their tibiae, except at tip, the medial fe¬
mora at base and tip beneath, and their tibiae, except at tip, the knee
joint of posterior femora, (a line beneath these femora sometimes white
or rufous or obsolete), a band on their tibiae and all the tarsi yellowish;
each tarsal joint tipped with black.

Var. a. 9 % . Scutel black, a black line down the four anterior ti¬
biae above. The male has the spots back of ocelli wanting. (Conn.)

Var. b. 9 £ • Scutel pale, spots back of ocelli wanting, a black line
down the four anterior tibiae above, a dot on pleura. (Colorado.)

M aine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Illinois, Colorado.

4. M. pulchella.

Tenthredo (All) pulchella, Klug, Bert. Mag. viii, 1S14, 121, 89.

Allantus jlavolineatus, Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 259, 45.

Macrophya pulchella, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

Black ; mouth, collar, scutel, a stripe on pleura, part of legs, and a band on
posterior ti bite yellow. Length % 0.25. Br. wings 0.55 inch. Length 9 0. 32.
Br. wings 0.65 inch.

9 . Body short, not so stout as in M. epinotus; antennae longer than
base of abdomen, not very stout ; nasus incurved ; labrum truncate,
punctured as in last species; mouth, tegulae, collar, apex of scutel, a
broad stripe across pleura, extreme edge of basal plates and tip of anal
segment pale yellow ; legs pale yellow; coxae yellow, a black line down
the four anterior femora and tibiae above; posterior pair black below
the middle of femora, with a yellow band on tibiae. Wings faintly
smoky, nervures dark, stigma pale at base; lanceolate cell with short,
straight cross line.

% . Legs paler; only a slender black line down the four anterior ti¬
biae above, sometimes obsolete. The spot on scutel is sometimes want¬
ing and the band on hinder tibiae incomplete.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

2G0

Var. a. £ . The posterior tibiae black.

Connecticut, Illinois, Georgia, (Ivlug).

5. Macrophya lineata, n. sp.

Black; mouth, tegulse, collar, stripe on pleura, legs (in part) and a band on
hinder tibiae yellow. Length 0.30. Br. wings 0.60 inch.

9 • Body short, moderately stout; antennae as in M. pulchella ; head
as wide as thorax; mouth, tegulae, collar and stripe across pleura straw-
white ; legs black ; tips of coxae, trochanters, the anterior pair before,
the intermediate tibiae, except at tip, base of hinder femora, a band in
middle of their tibiae, and all the tibiae, except at tip, yellow; wings
faintly clouded, stigma and costa black; lanceolate cell closed.

Farmington, Conn. One 9 •

6. M. flavicox®.

A l lantus flavicoxce, Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 1860, 258, 43. 9 •

Macrophya flavicoxce, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

Black; inouth, tegulse, collar, cox®, and a band on posterior tibiae yellow.
Length 0.32. Br. wings 0.65 inch.

9 . Body moderately stout; antennae as long as to base of thorax,
compressed in middle; head wide, polished, punctured, as in M. pul¬
chella ; nasus incurved, labium rounded, both, with tegulse and collar,
yellow ; legs mostly pale yellow; a band on the four anterior femora,
a slender line down the tibiae above, (sometimes wanting on medial
pair), their tips and tips of their tarsi, apical half of posterior femora,
base and apex of their tibiae, base of their first tarsal joint and apex of
the last, black; lower half of hinder coxae waxen, hinder tibial spurs
very long, claws large, inner tooth near the tip ; wings faintly clouded,
nervures blackish; lanceolate cell closed.

£ . All the legs mostly pale yellow ; apex of posterior femora and
their tibiae black.

Me., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Va., Ill.

Common. All the specimens examined but one, are females.

7. M. incertus.

Allantus incertus, Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 1860, 258, 44, £ .

Macrophya incertus, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

Black ; mouth, tegulse, collar and legs pale yellow, apex of posterior femora
and their tibise black. Length 0.30. Br. wings 0.60 inch.

£ . Body rather slender, apex of abdomen rounded; antennae and
punctures as in M. flavicoxse, ; clypeus deeply incurved, enclosing la-
brum; both, with the teguloe, collar and legs pale yellow; a white spot
on hinder coxae near the apex; a slender line down the anterior tibiae
and tips of their tarsi; most of basal half of hinder coxae, apical half
of their femora, their tibiae, base of first tarsal joint and apex of the

270

EDWARD NORTON.

last, black; hinder spurs long; wings very faintly clouded; lanceolate
cell closed.

9 . The female resembles the male in every respect, except that the
hinder tibiae are banded with yellow in the middle.

Connecticut, New York, Illinois.

About fifty males and one female.

S. M. pannosus.

Allantus pannosus, Say, Bost. Jour. I, 1835, 217, 6.

Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 257, 40.

Macrophy a pannosus, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

Black; mouth, collar, coxte and most of legs white, with a black line down
four anterior legs; hinder legs black, with a spot on coxse, trochanters and a
band on tibiee white. Length 0.40. Br. wings 0.70 inch.

“ % . Body black; nasus deeply emarginate, white; labrum sub-or¬
bicular, truncate, sub-emarginate before, blackish on the disk or with¬
in the emargination of the nasus; mandibles black at tip; maxillary
palpi dusky in the middle of the basal joint; thorax and posterior edge
of the collar white; wing scale blackish; wings hyaline, nervures
black; carpus on the inner half dull wax-yellow; pleura immaculate;
feet, anterior pairs white before, with a black line behind; coxae white;
tarsi white, with dusky incisures; posterior pair black, incisures of the
thighs, band on the tibiae and base of the ultimate joints of the tarsi
white; coxae white, with a black spot above and beneath. Length one-
fourth of an inch.

9 . Coxae with a large black spot; posterior tibiae with a white lon¬
gitudinal line. Length three-tenths of an inch.”

Var. 9 . The basal plates white.

31 aine, New York, Maryland. Indiana, (Say.)

All the specimens examined have the hinder coxae black, with a
large white spot above and beneath. The posterior tibiae have not a
“white longitudinal line,” but a whitish band, almost interrupted be¬
hind.

9. Macrophya proximata, n. sp.

Black; mouth, tegulse, edge of collar and of basal plates, anterior legs be¬
neath and a band on posterior tibiae vellow-white. Length 0.39. Br. wings 0.76
inch.

9 . Body short, cylindrical; head and pleura with dense punctures;
antennae as in M. flavicoxse ; nasus deeply incurved, and with the
mouth beneath, tegulae, collar and basal plates straw-yellow; legs black;
tips of coxae, trochanters and base of femora, anterior legs beneath, me¬
dial knee joints, and tibiae (except at apex) and tarsi (except their

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

271

tips) and a band in middle of hinder tibiae yellow ; binder tarsi black ;
wings hyaline, nervures black ; lanceolate cell closed.

Connecticut. One 9-

This resembles M. lineata, but has no stripe across pleura, and its
hinder tarsi are black.

10. M. externus.

Allantus externus, Say, West. Quart. Rep. II, 1823, 72, 9-
Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 257, 41.

Tenthredo externus, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 121.

“Black; tibiae white on the exterior side. Length nine-twentieths of an inch.

Body deep black; head with a spot each side on the nasus and base
of mandibles, white ; wings fuliginous ; nervures black; thighs at tip
above, incisures of the coxae, exterior side of the tibiae and tarsi white,
posterior feet robust.”

Missouri.

This is like the M. tibia tor , having the mouth, edge of collar, edge
of basal plates, trochanters, four anterior tibiae and tarsi below yellow-
white, and a line on the hinder tibiae about two-thirds as long as tibia;
hinder tarsi white above, tips of all the other tarsi black, first joint of
hinder tarsi as long as all the rest. The head is quite wide. The spe¬
cimens examined are not all as large as that of Say, being about 0.35
— 0.45 inch in length. Wings almost hyaline, lanceolate cell closed.

A variety has a short line in middle of hinder tibiae and the hinder
tarsi black.

Massachusetts, Connecticut.

11. M. tibiator.

Macrophya epinotus, Yar. b, Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 257, 42.

Macrophya tibiator, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iii, 1864, 10, 20.

Black; two dots back of ocelli, obsolete spots on nasus; edge of collar and of
basal plates, a line down all the coxse, and legs below knees, interrupted on
every joint ot hinder pair. Length 0.28 Br. wings 0.66 inch.

9 . Body short and stout ; head wide as thorax, densely punctured ;
autenuae moderate, compressed in middle; two minute dots on edge of
occiput back of ocelli, an indistinct spot on each side of both nasus and
labrum, spot on mandibles, a slender line around the edge of collar and
basal plates white ; a slender line down each of the coxae, forming a
spot on hinder pair, joints of trochanters, (hinder trochanter entirely),
a line down the anterior legs and down the medial pair below the
knees white, with the tips of the tibiae and tarsi black; a short oblique
line in middle of hinder tibiae and spot on each joint of tarsi white;
tarsal claws apparently bifid; apical half of wing fuliginous; lanceo¬
late cell closed.

EDWARD NORTON.

% . The male has the abdomen slender and longer.

Var. a. 9 S . The dots back of ocelli wanting; mouth mostly white.
Four 9 1 five $ •

M aine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, Illinois,
Colorado.

This is smaller than M. externus , and differs in having a white line
down all the coxae and a short oblique line on the hinder tibiae. A
specimen from Illinois has the spot on hinder tibiae extending around
it. It is possible that this species is a variation from M. epinotus , Say.

12. M. albomaculatus.

Allantus albomaculatus. Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 1860, 256, 39. 9 % •

Macrophya albomaculatus, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

Black ; edge of collar, a spot on all the coxse, trochanters and a line down an¬
terior legs before, white. Length 0.35 — 0.37. Br. wings 0.65 — 0.70 inch.

9 . Body stout ; abdomen not very short ; head wide, closely punc¬
tured; antennae as long as to base of abdomen; nasus deeply incurved,
color white, edged with black ; labrurn. base of maudibles, edge of te-
gulae and of collar yellow-white, sometimes tinged with rufous; legs
black; a large white spot on hinder coxae above and a more slender
line on both the anterior pair; all the trochanters, anterior legs before,
(sometimes also the medial), tips of medial femora reddish- white; hinder
tibiae and tarsi black, spurs of hinder tibiae long, claws apparently bi¬
fid ; wings faintly obscured.

% . Body slender; the four apical joints of antennae dimly ferrugi¬
nous beneath; nasus not deeply emarginate, black ; labrurn piceous;
the four anterior legs white beneath, their tarsi white, tipped with
black; no white spot on the four anterior coxae; lanceolate cell closed.

Canada, Maine, Connecticut, Maryland.

13. Macrophya pumilus, n. sp.

Black; the four anterior legs white, varied with black, hinder trochanters
and coxae white. Length 0.28. Br. wings 0.54 inch.

% . Black; antennae short and stout, as in Allantus ; head without
obvious depressions about ocelli; vertex punctured, below ocelli rugose;
nasus but slightly incurved ; labrurn wide, truncate; color of both waxen ;
all the coxae, a wide line on the four anterior femora and a slender line
on the anterior tibiae above, the apex of medial tibiae and of all the an¬
terior tarsi, hinder coxae above and the hinder legs below trochanters,
black, remainder white; wings hyaline, apical half faintly clouded,
nervures blackish ; lanceolate cell closed.

('ape Mendocino, Cal., (Cambr. Mus. Coll, by A. Agassiz, Jr.)

This has shorter and stouter antennae than M. albomaculatus , and
its hinder coxm arc black above, Ac.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

14. Macrophya fuligineus, n. sp.

Black; anterior legs pale; wings obscure, their basal third clear. Length
0.48. Br. wings 0.94 inch.

9- Body stout ; abdomen long and cylindrical; head and thorax
dull, with dense punctures; scutellum coarsely pitted; antennae thick¬
ened in middle, compressed ; nasus coarsely pitted ; mouth and palpi
black ; a white spot on mandibles; a slender white line across tegulae,
remainder of body black ; legs black, the anterior femora and tibite
with a white line before ; tips of hinder trochanters and base of final
joint of all the tarsi white; wings blackish subhyaline, with clear spot
at the base; the basal half of under wings hyaline, stigma and costa
brownish ; lanceolate cell with short, straight cross line.

Illinois, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) One specimen.

The coxae are large, but hardly longer than in some species of Ten-
thredo.

15. M. dejectus.

Allantus dejectus, Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 1860, 249, 27, % .

Macrophya dejectus, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

Black; a piceous band at base of abdomen. Length 0.43. Br. wings 0.80
inch.

Body moderately stout, abdomen quite long; antennae moderate,
compressed in middle; nasus deeply incurved; edge of labrum, the
palpi and the three basal segments of abdomen piceous, the latter most
distinct at sides; legs black, with the four anterior tibim beneath and
the tarsi dull piceous; wings faintly clouded, nervures black, stigma
piceous, second submarginal cell receiving the recurrent nervure nearer
the third cell than usual ; lanceolate cell with short, straight cross line.

Brooklyn, IN. Y., (J. Akhurst.)

16. M. niger.

Allantus niger, Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 1860, 239, 6, 9 •

Macrophya niger, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

Black: antennae semi-annulate with white near the tip; scutel black, coxte
white spotted. Length 0.37. Br. wings 0.75 inch.

9. Body long, shining black ; antennae rather long, apical half of
the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and base of ninth articles white on up¬
per side ; nasus deeply incurved, labrum truncate; disk of labrum, a
spot on mandibles and a large spot on posterior coxte white; a pale yel¬
low line on anterior legs before; on the apical half of medial femora
and (indistinctly) down their tibiae and tarsi and the hinder trochan¬
ters white; wings hyaline, nervures dark, stigma brown; lanceolate
cell closed.

Farmington, Conn.

About twenty females. No males taken.

(35)

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

SEPTEMBER, 1867.

274

EDWARD NORTON.

17. M. trisyllabus.

Allantus trisyllabus, Say, Harris’ Cat.

Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 1S60, 238, 5, 9 •

Macropliya trisyllabus, Norton, Bost Proc. ix, 118.

Black; a band on antennae, collar, Y-spot, scutel and spot on coxse white.
"Length 0.40. Br. wings 0.80 inch.

9 . Body long, abdomen cylindrical ; antennae rather long, apex of
fifth, the sixth, seventh, eighth and base of ninth articles white; nasus
produced and not deeply notched ; edge of nasus, disk of labrurn, a
spot at base of mandibles, palpi, edge of collar, V on anterior lobe, scu¬
tel, a line at apex of metathorax, edge of basal plates and of first four
segments of tergum pale yellow ; legs black, a large spot on posterior
coxae white; a narrow line on most of four anterior legs beneath, all
the trochanters, and (in some cases) the joints of the tarsi yellowish ;
wings slightly clouded, nerves black; lanceolate cell closed.

£ . The male has the venter more or less white; the four anterior
legs beneath and the posterier legs below femora white ; all the tro¬
chanters and anterior legs above, yellowish.

Canada, Mass., Conn., N., Y., Ill., English River, Saskatchewan,
(Smiths. Inst.) Mexico.

Common. The females are abundant, the males rare. In some
cases the Y-spots and all marks back of the scutellum are indistinct or
wanting; sometimes the ventral segments are tipped with white.

18. M. zonalis. ,

Macropliya zonalis, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iii, 1864, 11, 21. 9-
Black ; the tips of antennae, mouth, collar, V-spot, scutel, three spots on pleu¬
ra and a band on each segment of abdomen white. Length 0.44. Br. wings 0.92
inch.

9 . Body long, shining black ; antennae long, apex of fifth and the
fourth apical joints white, tip brown ; head polished, having obsolete
punctures; nasus slightly incurved; labrurn almost truncate; a spot
above ocelli, a dot below antennae, nasus and mouth, collar, Y-spot,
scutel, a band at base of each segment of abdomen, enlarged at sides
and beneath, a spot below the anterior wings, a cross stripe below the
posterior wings and a triangular spot in middle of pleura, white; legs
black, the two anterior pair and the posterior femora white beneath,
and a large white spot on posterior coxae; the four apical tarsi of four
anterior legs white, their tips black; posterior tarsi black, their first
joint nearly as long as all the rest; wings faintly clouded on their api¬
cal half, nervures blackish.

Massachusetts, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) One specimen.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

275

19. M. californicus.

Tenthredo californicus, Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, i, 18(52, 198. 9-
Greenish-white; base of antennae, six lines on thorax and scutel white; an¬
tennae, head, and middle of thorax and abdomen black. Length 0.36. Br. wings
0.68 inch.

9 S. Body long, as in Tenthredo; color greenish-white ; antennae
moderate, slender, as in Tenthredo, third joint longer than fourth;
color black above, basal joint pale, with a large black spot above; fla¬
gellum pale beneath ; head as wide as thorax ; eyes widely separated ;
nasus wide, slightly incurved; a large black spot on vertex extending
nearly to antennae, enclosing two oval white dots about lower ocellus,
back of head black ; remainder of head of one color ; thorax black above,
with two lines on front lobe, one on the front of each side lobe and one
on the back of each, diverging from scutel, the scutel and post-scutel
white; a wide black stripe, sub-interrupted at joints, runs down the
middle of tergurn ; the whole body beneath immaculate; legs of same
color, a black spot on hinder coxae and a slender line dovvu all the legs
above, black; tarsi pale, tipped with black; wings hyaline, apical half
clouded, nervures black, stigma and costa green ; lanceolate cell with
straight cross line.

California, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.); English Iliver, Lake Satkatche-
wan, (Smiths. Inst.) 3 9 , 1 £ •

The coxae are those of Macrophya , the antenna) and form of abdo¬
men that of Tenthredo.

20. M. varius.

Allantus varius, Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 1860, 240, 8.

Macrophya varius, Norton, Bost. Proe. ix, 118.

Black ; antennae at base rufous, their apex, mouth, tegulas, collar, V-spot,
scutel and post-scutel and a spot on coxae yellow, abdomen rufous. Length 0.37.
Br. wings 0.75 inch.

9. Body rather long, abdomen cylindrical; antennae rather long,
the two basal joints rufous, the four apical joints yellowish ; a double
spot back of ocelli, spot between antennae, mouth below antennae, col¬
lar, V-spot, scutel, post-scutel, a spot behind and a spot on hinder coxae
white, tegulae rufous; basal plates and abdomen dark chestnut; legs
yellowish rufous ; the trochanters, base of femora, anterior pair before
and the middle of all the tarsi whitish; apex of all the tibiae and the
claws blackish; basal joint of hinder tarsi very long; wings faintly
smoky; lanceolate cell closed.

27G

EDWARD NORTON.

Yar. 9 . A dot at summit of iuner orbits and the basal plates black.

Farmington, Conn. Two specimens.

21. Macrophya eurythmia. n. sp.

Black ; base of antennae rufous, their tips, mouth, dots back of ocelli, collar,
V-spot, scutel and behind, spot on coxse and sides of abdomen white. A rufous
band on abdomen. Length 0.40 — 0.44. Br. wings 0.80—0.84 inch.

9 . Body rather long, compressed; antennae long, basal joint rufous,
the four apical joints white, the apex black; two dots back of ocelli,
nasus and beneath, yellow , teguhe, collar, V-spot, scutel, post-scutel
and cross line behind, a large spot on hinder coxae pale yellow; edges
of second, third and fourth segments of venter and of tergum at sides
white ; the second, third and fourth segments of abdomen and tip of
anal segment brownish rufous, remainder black ; base of all the coxae
black, their tips, trochanters and basal third of femora, the anterior,
and most of medial legs before, yellow, tarsi pale yellow, tipped with
rufous; the four anterior femora and tibiae above, and tips of their ti¬
biae, apical two-thirds of hinder femora, their tibiae and base of first
tarsal joint brownish-red, sometimes blackish ; a small white dot near
outer tip of the hinder tibiae; wings smoky yellow, stigma piceous,
nervures brownish ; lanceolate cell closed.

£ . The male has the rufous band upon tergum almost obsolete, a
black line down the four anterior femora, and the apical third of hinder
femora and most of tibiae reddish-black, the white dot near the tip, as
in female.

English River, II. B. T., (Smiths. Inst., R. Kennicott.) 5 9? 1 S •

This is much like M. vari.us. The antennae are sometimes black at
base and the white marks upon venter very indistinct.

1 22. Macrophya fascialis. n. sp.

Black; an ten me at base and tip, orbits, mouth, collar, Y-spot, seutel and be¬
hind, spots on pleura and coxa; white, abdomen in part dark rufous. Length
0.36. Br. wings 0.78 inch.

9- Body rather long, black; antennae long, the first and the four
apical joints of antennae yellow ; a spot back of ocelli, the orbits and
cheeks, space about and beneath antennae, anterior angle, V-spot, scu¬
tel, post-scutel and a line behind, edge of basal membrane, a large spot
on pleura and a smaller one behind, the four anterior coxae and a spot
on hinder coxae white; teguhe and abdomen dark rufous; legs yellow¬
ish rufous; the posterior femora and tibiae black at apex; wings hya¬
line, apical half of stigma waxen.

Farmington, Conn. One specimen.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

23. M. bifasciatus.

Allantus bifasciatus, Say, West. Quart. Rep. II, 1S23, 72,

Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 251, 30.

Allantus medius, Harris’ Cat.

Macrophya medius, Norton, Bost. Proe. ix, 113.

Macrophya bifasciatus, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

“Black ; tergurn with a white band at base and a rufous one in the middle.
Length seven -twentieths of an inch.

9. Body black, nasus white ; labrum and palpi dull whitish ; tho¬
rax with a yellow line before each wing; scutel yellowish; wings
dusky; nervures brown; feet white; tips of the posterior thighs and
their tibiae black ; tergum with a white band at base and a rufous one
in the middle,” (“on the fourth segment. Long’s Exp.”)

Arkansas.

Say does not mention the pale basal joint of antennae, but as this is
common to all the species of this class, it is to be presumed that this is
at least pale beneath.

21. M. formosus.

Allantus for mosa, Klug, Bert. Mag. viii, 1814, 115, 82. 9 •

Allantus bicinctus, Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 241, 11. 9 % •

Macrophya bicinctus, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

Black ; base of antennae, mouth, collar, Y-spot, scutel and basal plates yellow,
the fourth and fifth segments of tergum rufous. Length 0.35 — 0.40. Br. wings
0.70 — 0.80 inch.

9 . Body long, somewhat flattened ; antennae rather long, compressed
in middle, slightly serrate ; face coarsely punctured ; nasus deeply ar¬
cuate, labrum almost truncate; the basal joint of antennae, a spot be¬
tween antennae, face beneath, tegulae, anterior angle, Y-spot, scutel
and post scutel, basal plates, a spot on pleura and line from base of
hinder wings straw-yellow; a rufous band on third, fourth and part of
fifth segments of tergum ; legs yellow, the base of posterior coxae, apex
of their femora and of their tibiae and the claws black; wings smoky
yellowish, stigma waxen; lanceolate cell with short cross line or
closed.

S . The rufous band on the tergum is wanting in the male.

Yar. All the apical segments of the abdomen rufous beyond the
third. (Mass.)

M nine, Mass., Conn., N. \ ., Pa., Md., (Ta., (Ivlug.) Florida.

25. M. cestus.

Allantus cestus, Say, Bost. Jour, i, 1835, 217, 5.

Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 243, 13.

Macrophya cestus, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

Black ; base of antennae, scutellum, basal plates, spot on pleura and most part
of legs straw colored. Length 0.36. Br. wings 0.72 inch.

278

EDWARD NORTON.

“ % . Body black, with large crowded punctures; antennae, first and
second joints yellow; nasus hardly emarginate, with a lateral whitish
spot; thorax, with the posterior margin of the collar, white ; pleura
with a white spot on the anterior upper part; wings tinted with fuli¬
ginous, nervures black; carpal spot waxen-yellow, tergum with a di¬
lated white baud extending to the lateral sutures; feet white, a little
varied with yellowish at the tips of the joints, thighs black at base be¬
neath.

9 . Anal segments white ; posterior coxa? at base black ; posterior
thighs in the middle and their tibiae at tip black.”

United States.

The male not seen.

One female from Maine agrees with the above description. The scu-
tellum is yellow; there is an indistinct pale band on the edge of each
segment of tergum, a black band in the middle of all the femora, in¬
terrupted in the anterior pair before ; the coxae, apex of hinder tibia?
and of each tarsal joint black.

2G. M. intermedius.

Allantus intermedius, Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, I860, 242, 12.

Macrophya intermedius, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

Black ; base of antennae, mouth, tegulse, collar, scutel, basal plates, spot on
pleura and legs mostly yellow, sometimes a rufous band on fourth segment of
tergum. Length 0.30. Br. wings 0.00 inch.

9 . Body shorter than M. cestus , stout, black ; head wide, densely
punctured, eyes separated; antennae short, compressed, the two basal
joints pale beneath; nasus wide, incurved; nasus and mouth beneath,
tegulae, collar, scutel, basal plates and a spot on pleura yellow-white; a
rufous band (sometimes wanting) on third segment of tergum; legs
yellow, coxae all yellow, the apex of hinder femora, of their tibiae and
of all their tarsi black; wings faintly clouded toward apex; lanceolate
cell with short cross line or closed.

% . The male exactly resembles female, except that the coxae are
mostly black. The antennae are stouter and more compressed, tergum
of one color.

Connecticut, Massachusetts, Kansas.

This differs from M. cestus in its white coxae and femora without
bands. Those with a rufous band on abdomen probably belong to
next species.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

279

27. M. goniphorus.

Allantus goniphorus, Say, Bost. Jour, i, 1835, 215, 2.

Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 243, 14.

Macrophya goniphorus, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

Black ; abdomen rufous ; base of antennse, mouth, collar, V-spot, scutel and
spot on pleura yellow. Length 0.30. Br. wings 0.66 inch.

9 £ . Short, abdomen cylindrical; head and thorax black; anten¬
nae longer than to base of‘ thorax, enlarged in middle, the two basal
joints yellow, with a black spot on upper side of each ; head as wide as
thorax; nasus deeply arcuate ; labrum produced, truncate, both pale
yellow; tegulae, collar, Y-spot, scutel, post-scutel, stripe on pleura and
spot above, pale yellow ; basal plates and abdomen rufous ; the four
anterior legs yellow, with a black line above; the hinder coxae, except
a black spot above, trochanters, a small oblique spot in middle of tibiae
and the tarsi yellow, their femora, tibiae and basal half of first tarsal
joint rufous, tips of anterior tarsi fuscous, claws apparently bifid ; wings
hyaline, nervures black, stigma and costa red-yellow; lanceolate cell
closed.

Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Indiana, (Say.)

28. M. trosulus.

Allantus trosulus, Say, MS. Harris’ Cat.

Norton, Bost. Jour, vii, 1860, 244, 18.

Macrophya trosulus, Norton, Bost. Proc. ix, 118.

Black : mouth, tegulae, collar, scutel and sj>ot on pleura yellow ; abdomen ru¬
fous ; the two basal segments black. Length 0.30. Br. wings 0.60 inch.

9- Body short; abdomen short, cylindrical; antennae rather long,
enlarged in middle; nasus deeply incurved, labrum truncate, both yel¬
low ; tegulae, collar, scutel and stripe across pleura pale yellow ; the
basal plates and the first and second segments of abdomen black, re¬
mainder chestnut-red; legs pale yellow, sometimes reddish, the tro¬
chanters and spot on hinder coxae white; a black line from middle of
anterior tibiae to feet; apical half of posterior femora, the tibiae, except
a yellow band in middle, and base of basal tarsus and claws black ;
wings faintly clouded toward apex; lanceolate cell closed.

Connecticut, Massachusetts.

A specimen in the Harris’ Collection has the abdomen wholly ru¬
fous.

26. Macrophya fumator, n. sp.

Black ; apical two-thirds of abdomen rufous ; wings sub-violaceous. Length
0.30. Br. wings 0.60 inch.

9. Dull black; antennae, stout; body stout; head wide; face sha-
greened below ocelli, crossed by a wavy ridge above antennae; edge of
nasus wide and truncate; abdomen dark rufous, its two basal segments

280

EDWARD NORTON.

and apex black ; coxae half the length of abdomen, spurs of posterior
tibiae very long, legs black, anterior pair before and a spot on posterior
tibiae whitish ; posterior tarsi ferruginous in part; wings subviolaceous,
nervures black, lanceolate cell closed.

Cape Mendocino, Cal., (Cambr. Mus. Coll, by A. Agrssiz, Jr.)

It will doubtless be thought that, in this genus and in Tenthr&io,
an unnecessary number of species has been formed, especially as some
of the variations seem very slight. But they are very distinct and ap¬
pear to be permanent. At some future time, when our species are bet¬
ter known, they can probably be grouped to advantage by certain affi¬
nities of form and color, which are not so easy to define at present.

Section 2. (Pachvprotasis) , Hartig.

Tentliredo {All), Fam. IV, Klug.

Antennae longer than to base of abdomen, setaceous. Lanceolate cell with
short, straight cross line or closed.

30. M. (Pachyprotasis) Omega, n. sp.

Black ; two lines enclosing ocelli, mouth, cheeks, tegulae, V-spot, scutel, three
spots on pleura, a spot on pectus and most of venter white. Length 0.26. Br.
wings 0-56 inch.

9 . Body rather stout, cylindrical, shining black ; antennas two-
thirds the length of body, slender, third joint scarcely longer than 4th.
the basal joint white beneath; two lines extending from sutures of
vertex near occiput down inner orbits to mouth, two lines above anten¬
nae, face below and cheeks, straw-white; tegulas, hinder and lower
edge of anterior angle, V-spot, scutel, a large irregular spot like an w
on pleura, spot on breast and part of venter straw-white; all the coxas
(except a slender line on hinder pair and their base above), the tro¬
chanters, the four anterior legs (with a black line above) and basal
half of posterior femora whitish, remainder black; wings faintly cloud¬
ed, lanceolate cell rather widely closed in middle.

£ . The male has the antennae very long and slender, basal half
white beneath, abdomen slender.

Massachusetts, (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) ; Connecticut, Labrador, (A.
S. Packard, Jr.); Wisconsin and Cake Saskatchewan, (Smiths. Inst.)

Five specimens.

[to be continued.]

ALEYRODES — CECIDOMYIA.

2SI

Description of a new species of ALEYRODES.

BY HENRY SHIMER, A. M., M. D.

Aleyrodes asarumis, n. sp.

Whitish, farinose, downy, especially on the wings. Head, thorax
and abdomen pale yellowish-white. Wings laid flat on the back in re¬
pose, short and broadly rounded at the apex ; near the extremity,
where the strong central vein branches, a dark macula in the form of
an obtuse angle, opening posteriorly towards the apex of the wing.
The posterior wing has a similar but fainter spot. Antennae six-joint¬
ed, first thick, clavate. Eyes brown, two-parted. Tarsi long, exceed¬
ing two-thirds the tibiae.

I find these insects during the entire summer, on the under side of
Asarum. Canadense (Wild Ginger) in September.* I have seen them
very numerous in all stages, the larva and pupa presenting the usual
scale-like form of this family ; at this time the under side of the leaf,
that has reared a good colony, is covered with a white downy secretion.
The imago when slightly disturbed flies away, acting not much unlike
small Tineina, hence it may often be found on trees, &c., but I have
only observed the larva on the above-named plant, and believe it to be
entirely confined to it.

Mt. Carroll, Ill., August 24, 1867.

- - o -

Description of a new species of CECIDOMYIA.

BY HENRY SHIMER, A. M., M. D.

CECIDOMYIA ACERIS, n. sp.

Antennae brown, 9 fifteen-jointed, joints sessile, first campanulate,
second globular, others ovoidal, subsessile, all verticillate hairy; % fif¬
teen-jointed, joints pedicelled, the pedicel being about equal to the joint,
verticillate hairy, the hairs more numerous and much longer than in
the female. Head and thorax black. Abdomen brown, darker in the
male. Legs drab-grey, feet reddish-brown. Wings hairy, the hairs

*On the 1st of October, after the above was in type, while I was on a botani¬
cal excursion, I found a solitary specimen of Actara alba, Mich. (White Cohish)
growing in the midst of a patch of Wild Ginger, with probably a hundred of
the above-named insect, in various stages of development, on the under side
of the leaves.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

(36)

OCTOBER, 1S67.

282

HENRY SIIIMER, M. I).

longest on tlie veins, appressed on the membranes. Length of body
.03 — .05 inch. Alar expanse .08 — .10 inch.

Larva on the surface of the leaves of Acer das/carpum , Ehrhart,
(White or Silver Maple), pale or whitish, the alimentary canal appears
through the translucent integument as a greenish stripe; often single
specimens on the leaf, more frequently in scattering groups of three to
a dozen on the same leaf; the leaves become curled and irregularly
contorted, but there are no galls; at length, after the maturity of the
insect, the leaves become dry and black.

I have seen this insect in former years, but did not then study its
natural history. This year I first observed it on the Maple leaves, about
the 7th of July; they may still be found, and have produced at least
three generations during this time ; from the 20th to 30th of J uly I ob¬
served them most numerous, in all stages; the cocoons are whitish and
are formed on the surface of the leaf, where the larva lived in some angle
of the contortions. The pupa seen through the cocoon is pale yellow¬
ish, but the empty cocoon is quite white.

That these pupa tenements are real spun cocoons, there no longer
remains a doubt, notwithstanding the opposite opinion of Entomologists
who jump to conclusions without observations, wishing to be consider¬
ed masters of their business, and wise to perfection in Entomology.*

I observed these cocoons in various stages of their construction ; some
just commencing, had thrown out stays in some angle of the crooked
leaf, precisely in the same manner as do the lepidopterous larvae; others
partially completed, still showed the strands of silk; when entirely
complete they appear much like fine tissue paper. Is it not probable
that the whole web is cemented together with a gummy fluid after be¬
ing constructed, for the purpose of excluding water, and preventing
evaporation during dry weather, more especially the latter ? On the
leaf of the tree, in midsummer, the insect is not so likely to be damaged
by excessive moisture as by excessive evaporation during the period of
its transformation. The silken threads of these cocoons are very tine,
but can be plainly seen with a good eye-glass of high power; the
thread was plainly seen also, by other eyes besides my own. With a
microscope the threads of the cocoon can be seen at the torn edges, as

* Mr. Walsh’s views on this matter are wild as well as amusing, and entirely
profitless; wherein he maintains (Proc. Ent. Soc. Vol. iii, No. 3,) that the co¬
coon is extruded from the body of the larva, and afterwards inflated with gas
like a bubble. lie has been properly reviewed by Hr. Packard, (Proc. Ent. Soc.
Yol. vi, No. 2).

AMERICAN HOMOPTERA.

283

well as in the outer stays. The outer stay threads are positively de¬
monstrative of the structure of the cocoon, even when not seen until
after completion.

Among these Cecidomyian larvae I observed the larvae of two spe¬
cies of Chalcididae (probably undescribed); subsequently I found the
pupae attached by their abdominal extremity to the leaf; they are of
a pale yellow color; the imago develops a week or two after the Ceci-
domyia .

Mt. Carroll, Ill., August 24, 186“.

- o- -

On a new Genus of APHIDiE.

BY HENRY SIIIMER, A. M., M. D.

Hamamelistes, nov. gen.

Anterior wing with two discoidal veins, the first one branched, the
second simple. Posterior wing with one simple discoi¬
dal vein. Wings laid flat on the back in repose, ex¬
tending much beyond the body. Body short. Honey-
tubes small or obsolete. Antenna; short, three to five-

jointed.

Hamamelistes cornu, n. sp.*

Imago. Usually entirely black, abdomen sometimes brownish, espe¬
cially beneath. Honey-tubes obsolete or not visible. Wings hyaline.
Anterior wing rounded at the apex, first vein forked near the middle,
bearing a long branch about parallel with the second vein ; second vein
aborted at its origin ; stigma not very conspicuous, being a faint shade
darker than the pale dusky intercostal space; costal vein heavy until

* Since the description of this species was in type, I observe, from the Pro¬
ceedings of the Entomological Society, Vol. I, p. 305, that in the N. Y. Cat.
Homop. Dr. Fitch has an Aphis, found in conical follicles on the upper surface
of the Witch-hazel leaves, which he names Byrsocrypta hamamelidis. I have
not been able to see a description of his insect, and it is not impossible that my
cornu may be synonymous with his hamamelidis ; but it appears improbable, as
his species is placed under Byrsocrypta — a genus in which the front wing has
three simple discoidals and the hind wing two discoidals, and the antenna six-
jointed, all of which characters do not accord with my insect. It appears to me
that his insect, if it has a distinct existence, must accord with the characters
he thus gives it. and the bare fact that it, like mine, inhabits a conical follicle
on the upper side of the Witch-hazel leaf, is not, if I understand the rules of
science, sufficient to induce me to withhold my description until perchance I
might see his.

284

HENRY Sill MER, M. D.

it attains the stigma, whence it is slender to the apex; subcostal or
rib-vein very heavy during its entire length, slightly bent posteriorly
at its junction with the first discoidal and stigmatic veins; stiguiatic
vein almost straight, slightly concave. Posterior wing with rib-vein
strong; discoidal very slender, hook prominent, a faint dark spot at
the termination of the rib-vein. Wings in repose extending one-half
beyond the body. Antennae three-jointed, first and second very
short and globular; third five times as long as the other two, (under
the microscope is seen to be composed of about 36 plainly visible,
subequal, flat, appressed rings), apex abruptly pointed; the entire
antennae, in the several specimens examined, appear, under the micro¬
scope, to be quite smooth and free from hairs or spines, except the apex.
Legs black or dark colored, almost entirely devoid of hairs or spines,
a few hairs on the feet and tibiae, especially the tarsal joints. Ocelli
present.

Larva and pupa. Sub-elipsoidal ; colors light brown to black;
some sugary dust and liquid globules in the galls among the inhabitants.
But T could not discover the honey-tubes.

Measurements of imago — length to tip of wings .10 inch. Wings
.07 inch. Antennae about .02 inch.

These insects inhabit obliquely conical or horn-like galls on the up¬
per side of the leaf of Hamamelis Virginia (Witch Hazel), opening
on the under side of the leaf; these galls are of a yellow or yellowish-
white color at the present time, and of a firm leather-like consistency, the
base standing anywhere in the parenchyma of the leaf ; they are quite
numerous, but I seldom find two on one leaf; usually not tapering be¬
low the middle, sometimes slightly contracted towards the base. These
galls present quite a novel appearance on the leaves when numerous.
Hall measurements — length l — l inch; diameter at the base 1 — J in.

Hamamelistes SPINOSUS, n. sp.

Imago. Body and members usually all entirely black in well ma¬
tured specimens, in others sometimes brownish. Antennas linear,
smooth, five-jointed, the two basal joints subglobular, the other joints
on short pedicles, third equal to the fourth and fifth, the last slightly
shorter than the fourth. Wings horizontally folded in repose, hyaline
when matured, when first developed silvery-white ; stigma large, onc-
fourth the length of the wing, smoky-cinereous, veins greyish-black; the
branch of the first vein rises at its lower third, rarely lower down, second
vein variable, mostly abortive at its origin for more than one-third of
its length, sometimes fully developed when it usually arises from the

AMERICAN HOMOPTERA.

285

angle of the rib-vein and the first discoidal, or a very short distance
from the angle on the first discoidal, as I have observed in a good num¬
ber of specimens, (in one specimen I observed it to rise from the stig-
ruatic vein near its basal origin, and pass back with a short, paraboloid
curve to its normal position); stigmatic vein nearly straight or slightly
sinuous. Posterior wing comparatively large, the discoidal quite ob¬
lique and consequently long. Honey-tubes not seeu. Legs with a few
short hairs. Length of body .05 — .06 inch; of wings .07 — .10 inch;
of antennse .02 — .025 inch.

Larva at first reddish, eventually brown and darker purplish, &c.
Eggs reddish-brown.

Inhabits spiny galls, at the present time, on Hamamelis Virginica
(Witch Hazel), from half to an inch long, of a sub-conoid or elipsoidal
form, narrowest at the base, very rough on the outside, and covered
with numerous somewhat thorny spines, of frequently one-fourth of an
inch in length ; color leaf-green, thickly studded with small, reddish-
brown glandular spots, inside smooth, greenish, and filled with numer¬
ous (a hundred or more) larvae and imago, and a large quantity of
whitish sugary dust and liquid secretions.

These galls are the transformed fruit; they open with a circular
mouth and widening beveled or funnel-like exit of about one-fourteenth
of an inch in diameter, in the conical base beside the stem. The Aphis
in these galls are just beginning to develop into the winged state; while
those in the above-named species, on the leaf, disappeared about a month
ago; both are black. The most material difference noted is in the an¬
tennae.

In this species I observed the second discoidal vein, in several speci¬
mens, developed to the basal origin; in the former species none; this
second discoidal arising, as it does, from the first, as above noted, might
almost, without impropriety, be considered a branch of the first discoi¬
dal. Moreover, between the galls of these two species, on the Witch
Hazel, there is a marked difference, but if that could be explained on
account of locality, from the other characters, I am still induced to be¬
lieve that this is entitled to specific rank.

Mt. Carroll, Ill., August 24, 1867.

286

WM. II. EDWARDS.

Descriptions of certain species of DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA found in the
United States.

BY WM. H. EDWARDS, Newburgh, N. Y.

1. Limenitis Proserpina, Edw.

2. Lyccena Violacea, Edw. $?•

3. Hesperia Pilatka, n. sp.

I 4. Hesperia JVortonii, n. sp.

5. Hesperia Osyka, n. sp.

6. Hesperia Logan, Edw. 9 •

Limenitis Proserpina, Edw. (Proc. Ent. Soc. 1865). Plate IV.

Male. Upper side black, secondaries only having a slight bluish
(occasionally greenish) tinge ; hind margins of secondaries bordered
by a double row of blue (or green) crescents; the submarginal row is
continued on primaries, but is indistinct, almost obsolete; beyond the
crescents, on secondaries, is a row of russet spots surmounted by blue
(or green) scales, which are more or less conspicuous ; in some speci¬
mens the russet spots are distinct across the whole wiug, in others two
or three only are seen, and in others they are altogether wanting; the
blue scales or spots make a circular band across secondaries, and are
continued across primaries with more or less distinctness (often becom¬
ing whitish) to the costa, and correspond with the white band of under
surface; the contour of this band above is like that of Arthemis , and
it terminates on the costa in a white streak; there is also a white sub-
apical spot divided into two or three by the nervules, emarginations white.

Under side brown, varying in shade from blackish to russet, and in
this respect and in markings remarkably like Arthemis, except that
the white band of the latter is here always slight and sometimes partly
wanting; both wings have a double row of blue (or green) crescents,
preceded by a row of rounded russet spots, large on secondaries, and
on these, edged above and below with black ; the spot at inner angle
of primaries is wanting; above the russet spots is -a curved whitish
band or streak, common to both wings, sometimes half the width of the
band of Arthemis , but sometimes indicated by a few scales only above
the russet spots ; the subapical spot and costal streak of upper side re¬
peated conspicuously ; base of wings marked by russet spots edged with
black ; between these are metallic blue (or green) patches as in Arthemis.

Body below white; fore legs white, palpi white, edged with black;
antennae and club black, tipped with ferruginous.

Redescribed from six males taken in Stoney Clove, Catskills, on the
2d and 4th of July, 1867. The species was abundant, and all taken
were fresh from chrysalis. The female I have not yet seen.

Although the color of upper side of Proserpina is much like that of
Ursula, in all other respects it is more closely allied to Arthemis , curi¬
ously imitating that species in the color and markings of the under side.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

287

On the same days I took about fifty Arthemis, all except two or
three being males, and just from chrysalis. I have never known Ar-
themis so abundant in that locality. The variation among so many
was remarkable, particularly in the width of the white band and size
of the russet spots above and below; in half the specimens these spots
were wanting above, in others there were two or three and from that
up to a complete series of large rounded spots ; the color of under side
ran through all shades, from blackish to brown, cinnamon and russet.
Lyca3na yioeacea, Edw. (Proc. Ent. Soc. 1866).

Female. Upper side uniform slate-color. Under side similar to male.

This species was exeedingly abundant on the Kanawha in April and
May of the present year (1867), and I took at least one hundred fe¬
males, all but six of which were as described above. These six were
of the more usual type of the female Lycaenidae, that is, blue, with a
broad black border to the hind margins.

Hesperia Pilatka, n. sp.

Male. Expands 1T70 inch. Upper side. Primaries honey -yellow in
the disk, with a very broad, black hind margin, the edge of which is
irregular within, and with a slight sinus opposite the stigma; at the
base a few black scales along the nervures; the stigma is narrow and
straight, but broken, the anterior half above the line of the other and
resting upon it at the fracture.

Secondaries have the costal and hind margins as broadly edged with
blackish ; the disk more obscure, much covered with brown hairs, and
the nervules black.

Under side of secondaries uniform brown, immaculate; of primaries
a shade lighter, with a ferruginous patch on the disk, inclining to yel¬
low next hind margin; a black patch at base joined to the stigma;
inner margin deeper brown; legs brown; palpi soiled-white; autennm
brown above, pale ferruginous below; club ferruginous.

From one male, taken at St. Augustine, Florida.

This distinct species is allied to II. Bulenta , judging from the plate
in Boisduval and LeConte, and the description of G-odart given by
Morris, a species I have not yet seen.

Hesperia Nortonii, n. sp.

Male. Expands 1 ^ inch. Upper side uniform glossy brown ; pri¬
maries have three minute semi-transparent spots on the costa near apex,
a similar spot at the extremity of the cell and another near the end of
the stigma; the stigma is long, convex without, while the inner edge
is nearly straight, giving it a crescent shape.

288

WM. II. EDWARDS.

Secondaries immaculate; fringes on both wings long, cinereous.

Under side chestnut-brown, with purple tinge to the apical half of
hind margins, and to the hind margin and basal half of secondaries;
spots as above, but more distinct.

Body above, brown, beneath cinereous, palpi cinereous, antennae brown,
delicately annulated with white ; club black, tipped with ferruginous.

Female. Same size and color; the spots are larger, and in addition
to those of the male are two others upon the disk, making a line of
three at an obtuse angle with the costal spots.

From 2 9; 1 £ , from New Orleans, by Mr. Norton.

In the perfect specimens the purple is bright, and with the rich
brown makes this a noticeable species.

Hesperia Osyka, n. sp.

Mule. Expands 1 , , inch. Upper side uniform brown, with a slight
green tinge, immaculate; stigma long, broadest at upper part, depressed
at middle. Under side brown; body beneath grey; palpi greenish-white.

Female. Same size and color above; beneath clear cinereous, ex¬
cept on inner margin of primaries, which is brown ; on costa of prima¬
ries are three minute, semi-transparent spots, and ou disk two at an
obtuse angle with the others ; palpi white.

From 1 £ , 2 9 j from vicinity of New Orleans, by Mr. Norton.

H. Logan, Edw.

The description of this species in Proceedings for 1866, with annex¬
ed figures, is of the male instead of the female, as there stated.

The female is much like the male, but is lighter colored ; the mar¬
ginal band is broader and not so distinctly defined within; the base of
primaries is also more blackish.

This fine species is hitherto rare. A few specimens of both sexes
have been taken on the Kanawha this year (1867), in July, and occa¬
sionally I have received it from Michigan.

II. n E\i oris, Edw., (Proc. Ent. Soc. 1865,) = Samosef Scudder.

This species is not uncommon on the Kanawha in the months of
May and June, and is to be met in paths in the woods, in company
with Juvenalis and Brizo.

11. RL’REA, Edw. = Metacomet Harris.

At the time I described this species in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil.,
186 ,1 had not seen the description of Metacomet, soon after publish¬
ed in the second edition of Harris’ Insects. His name will of course
have the priority. The species is wide spread, nowhere common, so far
as known. 1 have taken it on the Kanawha, and received it from Illinois.

ICIINEUMONIDiE.

289

A LIST OF THE ICHNEUMQNIDiE OF NORTH AMERICA,

with descriptions of new species.

BY E. T. CRESSON.

PART I.

The preparation, at this time, of a List of so extensive and difficult
a family of insects as the Ichneumonidge, cannot but he a very imper¬
fect work; but as a beginning must be made sometime, there seems to
be no good reason why it should not be made now. The extensive
material contained in the Collection of the American Entomological
Society, together with the fine Collection of Mr. Edward Norton,
kindly loaned by that gentleman for the purposes of this List, war¬
rant this attempt to catalogue the species, and shows that in the num¬
ber of species, this Family is second to none, if not the largest, in any
Order of insects. The great variation in the coloring of many species,
especially of the genus Ichneumon , render the separation of the spe¬
cies often difficult and uncertain ; and there is no doubt whatever that
some of the species described here will eventually prove to be nothing
but varieties. Many species are known of one sex only; in some cases
only males, in others oniy females, and occasionally one or the other
of them in plenty; this is owing to the dissimilarity between the
sexes, especially observable in the genera Ichneumon and Cryptus.

The classification of the genera adopted here, is much the same as
that given by Prof. Gravenhorst, in his Ichneumonologia Europsea.

At the end of each Part, the descriptions of species supposed to be
new, and notes on those already described, will be given.

To save space, references to original descriptions of the species will
be omitted in this List. References to all the species described up to
the year 1862, have already been given in the Proceedings Ent. Soc.
Phil., Vol. I, p. 205 — 211; those described since, will be found in
that and the subsequent volumes of the same work. After the name
of the species and its author, will follow the sex in which it is known
or described, and then the habitat. For the Eastern, Middle, South¬
ern and Western States, the abbreviations E. S., M. S., S. S., and W.
S., are used when certain species have been found in many States.
The abbreviations of the various States will be understood without
further explanation. A — after the species indicates that it is unknown
to me; a = denotes that the species, although known to me, is not re¬
presented in the Collection of this Society.

(37)

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

OCTOBER, 1867.

290

E. T. CRESSON.

Family ICHNEUMONIDiE.

Sub-fam. IciINEUMONIDES.

ICHNEUMON, Linn.

maurus, Cresson, 9 . W. Ya.

Orpheus. Cresson, 9 . Ct., Pa.

viola, Cresson, 9 • Pa., W. Ya.

galenus, Cresson, n. sp., % . W. Va., Ill.
torvinus, Cresson, n. sp., % . Ill.

malacus, Say, 9. Can., E. M. A W. S.
afer. Cresson, 9 . Ct., Ills,

saucius, Cresson, 9 . Pa., Ills,

cincticornis, Cress., ^ 9 • E. M. A W. S.
excultus, Cresson, n. sp., 9 • N. J.

ater, Cresson, 9 . N. Y.

apertus, Cresson, n. sp., 9 • E. M. A W. S.
acerbus, Cresson, n. sp.,£ . Mass., Ills,
flavicornis, Cress., % . Can., E. M. A W.S.
macilentus. Cresson, %. Col. Ter.

podalis, Cresson, % 9. Col. Ter.

Ormenus, Cresson, 9 . Pa.

semilaevus, Cresson, 9 . Col. Ter.

caliginosus, Cress., 9 . Ct., W. V a., Col.
nigratorius, Fabr., Brulle. — Carolina,
subeyaneus, Cresson, 9 . E. M. A W. S.
vittifrous, Cresson, %. E. A M. S.

histricus, Cresson, n. sp., 9 • W. Va.
pullatus, Cresson, % E. M. & W. 8.
ornatipes, Cresson, n. sp.,^. W. Va.
jejunus, Cresson, %. N. Y., Ills.

Ischnus jej., Cresson.
cordatus, Cresson, % . Col. Ter.

expunctus, Cresson, £ . Col. Ter.

obllteratus, Cress, (nee Wesm.)
sagus , Cress., n.sp. £ 9 . Mass., N. Y., Ill.
navus, Say, 9 . ( % — ). M. A W. S.

audax, Cresson, % . Col. Ter.

Bronteus, Cresson, % . Pa.

ultus, Cresson, n. sp., % . Ct., W. Va.
rogalis, Cresson, n. sp., ^ . Ct., W. Va.
sublatus, Cresson, %. E. M. A W. S.
Ischnus subl., Cresson.

Isch. proximus, Cress., % var.
mellipes, Cresson, n. sp., £ . Can., Me.
luctus, Cresson, % . Col. Ter.

tenebrosus, Cress, (nee Wesm.)
puerilis, Cresson, n. sp.,^. Can.

unifasciatorius, Say, ^ 9-
niyer, Brulle. Can., E. M. A W. S.
otiosus, Say, 9 . E. M. A W. S.

) agnitus, Cresson, 9 . Del., Ills.

Azotus, Cresson, % . Del., W. Va.

1 #

I infidelis, Cresson, n. sp., % ■= Ct.

improvisus, Cresson, n. sp., N. J.
j scelestus, Cresson, 9. Ills.

brevicinctor,&ay, % 9 • Can.,E.M.AW.S.
extreinatatis. Cress., ^ 9 • E. M. A W. S.
j saevus, Cresson, n. sp., 9 • His.

helvipes, Cress., n. sp., % 9 • E. A W. 8.
breviventris, Cresson, % .— Cuba,
apiealis, Cresson, % . Col. Ter.

ventralis, Cresson, %. Col. Ter.

centrator, Say, 9 . E. M. A W. S.

montanus, Cresson, % 9 • W. Va., Col.
j clarus, Cresson, n. sp., 9 • Mass,

pulcher, Brulle, 9 .= N. Y., La.

caeruleus, Cresson, % 9- E. M. A W. S.
albomarginatus, Cress., n.sp. % .= Miss,
consignatus, Cresson, n. sp. 'J, . W. Va.
Blandii, Cresson, % . Pa.

Ischnus Blandii, Cresson.
jucundus. Brulle, 9- Can., E. M. A W.S.
robustus, Cresson, n.sp., 9- Can.

subdolus, Cresson, n. sp., 9 • E. A M. 8.
Grotei, Cresson, % . Ills., Col. Ter.

creperus, Cresson, n.sp. £ . Can., E., M.S.
variegatus, Cresson, % . Col. Ter.

delicatus, Cresson, % . Col. Ter.

comptus, Say, % . E. M. A W. 8.

atrifrons, Cresson, 9 • E. M. A W. S.

flavovarius, Cresson, % , Cuba,

zebratus, Cresson, n. sp., 9 • Ills,

fiavizonatus, Cresson, %. M. A W. S.
multor, Harris, % . Can., Mass,

zelotypus, Cresson, n. sp. ^ . Ct., W. V.
calitergus, Harris, 9 •— Me.

magniceps, Cresson, n. sp. % 9 •= Cuba,
paratus, Say, % . E. M. A W. S.

Ich. parata, Say, (1828).

Ischnus par., Cresson.
vinnulus, Cresson, %. Pa., W. Va.

Ischnus vin., Cresson.
contiguus, Cresson, % . Can., E. A M.S.

Ischnus contig., Cresson.
mumficus, Cresson, % . E. M. A W. S.

nobilis, Cresson, (nee Wesm.)

ICIINEUMONIDJE.

201

laetus, Brulle, % . Can., E. M. & W. S.

parata, Say, (1835), 'J, .
mimicus, Cresson, n. sp., 'J) . Mass., Ct.
parvus. Cresson, % . E. M. & W. S.
infucatus, Cresson, £ . Col. Ter.

inconstans, Cresson, % . Col. Ter.

bipunctatus, Cresson, % . Col. Ter.

fesius, Cresson. ^ var.
comes, Cresson, % . Can., E. M. & W. S.
pictifrons. Cresson, ^ . Col. Ter.

Wilsoni. Cresson, % . IT. J„ Del., W. Va.

Ischnus Wilsoni, Cresson.
bizonatus. Cresson, 9 • Col. Ter.

feralis, Cresson, n. sp., 9 • Can., Mass.
Dakota, Cresson, n. sp.j'J). Dak. Ter.

grandis, Brulle, % 9 • E. M. & W. S.
regnatrix, Cresson, 9 var.
ambiguus, Cresson, % var.
rufiventris, Brulle, % 9 • Can., E. M. &
incertus , Cresson, 9 var. W. S.

semicoccineus , Cresson, % .
californicus, Cresson, % Cal.

inurbanus, Cresson, n. sp. 9 • W. Va.
ferrugator, Kirby. — Are. Am.

insolens. Cresson, n. sp. 9 • S. S.

meridionalis, Cresson, 9 . Cuba,

detritus, Brulle, 9 . E. & M. S.

Syphax, Cresson, 9 •

semicaeruleus, Cresson , n. sp. 9- W. Va.
virginicus, Cresson, 9- "W. Va.

devinctor, Say, 9 . E. M. & W. S.

tibialis, Brulle, 9 •

montivagus, Cresson, %. Col. Ter.

vinctus. Say, 9 . — Ind.

vinulentus, Cresson, %. Col. Ter.

nubivagus, Cresson, % . Me., Pa., Col.
consimilis, Cresson, (nec Wesm.)
juxtus, Cresson, % var.
allapsus, Cresson, % . Col. Ter.

animosus, Cresson, % . Col. Ter.

rubellus, Cresson, ^ var.
succinctus, Brulle, % . E. M. & W. S.

discus, Cresson, % . Col. Ter.

instabilis, Cresson, n.sp. 'J, 9 • E. & M. S.
magnus, Cresson, % . Col. Ter.

rufizonatus, Cresson, 9 • Ct., N. J.

electus, Cresson , n. sp. Ct.

volesus. Cresson, n. sp. 9 • Mass.

Nortonii, Cresson, n. sp. 9 •= Ct.

terminalis, Cresson, 9- Del.

finitimus, Cresson, n.sp. % . Ct., Pa., Ills.

milvus, Harris, %. E. S-

involutus. Cresson, 9 • Col. Ter.

hariolus. Cresson, n. sp. 9 • Mass,

hebrus, Cresson, n. sp. % 9 . Ct., Ills.

Hebe, Cresson, n. sp. % 9- Ct., Ills,

fungor, Norton, % . E. M. & W. S.

vultus, Cresson, %. Col. Ter.

limbifrons. Cresson Col. Ter.

exiguus, Cresson, 9 . Col. Ter.

hospitus, Cresson, n. sp. 9 • Can.

citrifrons, Cresson, n. sp. % . Ct., Pa.
? trogiformis, Cresson, % 9 . M. & S. S.

dorsalis, Cresson, 9 • Col. Ter.

Lewisii, Cresson, 9 . E. M. & W. S.
sandix, Cresson, 9 . N. Y.

velox, Cresson, 9 . Ct., Pa., Ills,

mains, Cresson, n. sp. 9 • Mass,

fuscifrons, Cresson, 9 . Ills,

disparilis, Cresson, n. sp. 9 .— Ct.

cubensis, Cresson, %.= Cuba.

Larise, Curtis, 9 .— Arc. Am.

subrufus, Cresson, 9 . Can., E. M. & W. S.
funestus. Cress., 9 . Can., E. M. & W. S.
canadensis, Cresson, n.sp. 9 . Can., N. Y.
ventralis, Cresson, n. sp. 9.= H. B. T.
signatipes, Cresson, n. sp. 9 . Ct., Pa.
seminiger, Cresson, 9 . Can.,E.M.&W.S.
vicinus, Cresson, 9 . Ills,

suturalis. Say, 9 . Can., E. M. & W. S.

propinguus, Cresson, 9 var.

? longulus, Cresson, % .
subfulvus, Cresson, 9. Col. Ter.

subfuscus, Cresson, 9. Col. Ter.

volens, Cresson, % . Can., E. M. & W. S.

Ischnus vol., Cresson.
anceps, Cresson, n. sp.,^ 9- Ct.,Del.

Ipennator, Fabr. — Ga.

duplicatus, Say, % . E. M. & W. S.
W album, Cresson, % 9. E. & M. S.

Ischnus W-album, Cresson.
lascivus, Cresson, n. sp., ^ . Ills,

honestus, Cresson, n. sp., £ . W. Va.
uxorius, Cresson, n. sp., 9 — Cuba,

serricornis, Cresson, 'J,. Cuba,

albipectus, Brulle, % . Cuba,

burrus, Cresson, 9. Cuba,

pectoralis, Say. — lnd.

scitulus, Cresson, % . Ct., W. Va.

Ischnus scit., Cresson.
iridescens, Cresson, ^ . Del.

Ischnus irid., Cresson.

292

E. T. CRESSON.

facetus, Cresson, n. sp.,"^ . W. Ya.
utilis, Cresson, n. sp.,, % . Mass., Ct.
? hilaris, Say. — Ind.

laevigatus, Cresson, 9 • Col. Ter.

rubicundus Cresson, % 9- Ills,

soror, Cresson, 9 • Del.

residuus, Say, 9 • Mass., Ct.

annulipes, Cresson, 9 . E. M. & W. S
pusillus, Cresson, 9 . Del.

tumidifrons. Cresson, n. sp., 9 • Ills,
quadriceps, Cresson, n. sp. 'J, 9 • Can., Ct.
helvus. Cresson, n. sp., 9 • E. M. & W. S.
helvolus, Cresson, n. sp., 9 • Ct., Pa.
vincibilis, Cresson, n. sp., 9- Ills,

NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS.

Ichneumon viola. — Mr. Walsh ( Proc ., &c., v, p. 210) considers maurus and
Orpheus identical with this species. They are certainly closely allied to each
other, but their general appearance and style of sculpture are so different, that
it would be quite as proper to consider these three species identical with mala -
cus Say, as to consider maurus and Orpheus identical with viola. Maurus is an
opaque black soecies, with the head narrowed beneath, the wings dark purple,
the metathorax coarsely sculptured and opaque, the elevated lines sharp, and
the central area subquadrate. Orpheus has the body shining black, with a blu¬
ish tinge, especially on the abdomen, the head broad and not narrowed beneath,
by reason of the more convex cheeks, the wings much clearer than in maurus
or viola, the metathorax not roughly sculptured, but shining, with the elevated
lines flattened and polished, and the central area quadrate. Viola is more shin¬
ing than Orpheus having also a bluish tinge on the abdomen, the wings fuscous
or black, with a very brilliant purple or violet reflection, the metathorax simi¬
larly sculptured to that of Orpheus, except that the central area is always (in
nine specimens) small and somewhat conical, and often indistinctly defined.
The length of this species varies from 5J to S£ lines.

I. galenus. — 'J, . Long, slender, black,’ opaque ; antennae long, slender, with a
broad yellow annulus about the middle; mesothorax very densely and finely
punctured, the punctures indistinct; scutellum convex and densely punctured,
as well as the metathorax, which has the elevated lines sharply defined, and
the central area rather large and quadrate; wings uniformly fusco-hyaline,
with a purplish gloss; tips of the anterior femora and their tibiae within, palish;
abdomen long, slender, opaque, except towards the tip, which is a little shining;
basal segment bilineated, as usual, the basal fovese of the second segment deep,
transverse and somewhat oblique. Length 8i lines.

Hab. — West Virginia, (Ridings); Illinois, (Dr. Lewis). Three % specimens.
This and torvinus may be the males of some species already described, but at
present it is impossible to determine to what species they belong.

I. torvinus. — % . Long, slender, deep black, shining; head large, not narrow¬
ed beneath; anterior orbits — narrow above and broad beneath the antennae — a
short line on the lower posterior orbits and a spot on each side of the clypeus,
obscure whitish; antennae long, rather slender, with a narrow white annulus
about the middle; mesothorax densely and finely, but distinctly punctured; a
spot on the tegulae anteriorly and another in front of each anterior wing, ob¬
scure whitish; scutellum convex, polished, sparsely punctured; metathorax
confiuently punctured, shining, the elevated lines well defined and the central

ICHNEUMONIDJE.

20.“’

area rather large, subquadrate; wings uniformly pale fusco-hyaline, with a strong
purple reflection; tibise with a whitish annulus at base, nearly obsolete on the
posterior pair ; abdomen long, basal segment bilineated and aciculate, the ba¬
sal fovese of the second segment deep, neither transverse or oblique. Length 9
lines.

Hab. — Illinois, (Dr. Lewis). One specimen.

I. saucius. — I cannot agree with Mr. Walsh (1. c.) in considering ater identi¬
cal with this species. The two agree well in the antennse and in the sculpture
of the metathorax ; but the head of saucius is unusually large in proportion to
the size of the insect, the wings dark, the abdomen long, narrow, convex above,
smooth and shining; while ater has a smaller head, the wings clear, the abdo¬
men shorter, subdepressed and less shining, by reason of the surface being more
closely punctured. The general appearance of the two species is totally differ¬
ent, and they are undoubtedly distinct.

I. excultus. — 9 . Black, shining, abdomen with a rather strong blue reflec¬
tion; head slightly narrowed beneath, immaculate ; antenme rather stout, as
long as head and thorax, black, with a broad whitish annulus about the middle,
third joint longer than fourth, which with the fifth is long and subequal; tho¬
rax shining, very finely punctured, immaculate ; scutellum polished, impunc-
tured, slightly convex; metathorax rugulose, the elevated lines tolerably well
defined, the central area quadrate; wings uniformly pale fuliginous, nervures
and stigma black; legs black, anterior pair pale in front; abdomen elongate,
immaculate, with a more or less obvious blue tinge; first segment longitudinal¬
ly aciculate, second densely punctured, aciculate on the basal middle, third
delicately punctured, the punctures becoming obsolete at tip, remaining seg¬
ments smooth, polished and impunctured. Length 6i — 7 lines.

Hab. — New Jersey, (Cresson). Three 9 specimens.

I. apertus- — 9' Black; head and thorax thinly clothed with a very short,
fine, pale pubescence ; head large, broad, not narrowed beneath, deeply punc¬
tured upper half of anterior and jmsterior orbits narrowly white; antenme
moderately slender, longer than head and thorax, black, with a more or less
broad white annulus a little beyond the middle; thorax shining, a spot before
the anterior wing and another beneath, white, these are sometimes obsolete or
wanting; scutellum flat, sometimes with a white spot at tip; metathorax dense¬
ly punctured, disk nearly smooth and shining, central area subquadrate, not
well defined; wings vary from hyaline to dusky; legs black, the anterior pair
pale in front; abdomen elongate, often tinged with blue; first segment gradu¬
ally dilated at tip>, which is convex and closely punctured; second and third
segments closely punctured, apical segments smooth, shining and almost with¬
out punctures. Length 5J — 7 lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, New York, Illinois. Twelve 9 specimens. Closely allied
to excultus and ater. From the former it is at once distinguished by the third
to sixth joints of the antennae being oblong and subequal, and by the basal seg¬
ment of the abdomen being punctured and not aciculate ; and from ater by the
much longer antennse and its longer basal joints.

I. acerbus. — % . Slender, black, shining, closely and finely punctured ; head,
thorax and legs clothed with a very short, yellowish-sericeous pile; head small,
narrowed beneath, eyes large; a more or less distinct yellowish line on each
side of the face, wanting in two specimens; antennse long, slender, subserrate,

294

E. T. CRESSON.

black, ■svith a rather narrow white or yellowish annulus about the middle; me¬
tathorax with the elevated lines sharply defined, the central area quadrate,
rather large; wings hyaline, subiridescent, nervures brown; legs black or
brown-black, strongly sericeous at base beneath, tips of the four anterior femo¬
ra, and their tibire within, luteous, their tarsi brown ; abdomen long, narrow,
shining, basal segment very slender, not rough at tip. Length 4 — 54 lines.

Hab. — Massachusetts, (Ridings); Illinois, (Dr. Lewis). Five 'J, specimens.
This resembles ater, and may be the 'J, of it.

I. histricus. — % . Large, dull black; face white, with a broad black stripe
down the middle; narrow anterior orbits, dot at summit of each eye, spot on
mandibles and palpi, except base, white; antenna more than half the length
of the body, very slender at tips, black, an imperfect yellowish annulus about
the middle, the basal joint white beneath ; thorax opaque, densely punc¬
tured ; a sutural line in front of wing and a short line beneath, white; scutel-
lum fiat, white; metathorax rugose, the elevated lines prominent, the central
area transverse ; wings uniformly dark fuscous, with a strong purple reflection,
nervures and stigma black, areolet subtriangular ; legs black, the two anterior
pair pale in front; abdomen elongate, depressed, opaque, very densely and fine¬
ly punctured, less distinctly so at tip, first segment biearinate, minutely acicu-
late ; basal fove c of second segment very deep. Length 9 lines.

Hab. — West Virginia, (Ridings). Allied to vittifrons, but quite distinct.

I. pullatus may be the % of subcyaneus.

I. ornatipes. — % . Shape and size of pullatus ; black; orbits, face, clypeus,
mandibles and palpi yellowish-white ; head not narrowed beneath ; antennae
black, longer than head and thorax, basal joint whitish beneath; mesothorax
shining; tegulse, broad sutural line before and short line beneath each anterior
wing, scutellum and post-scutellum yellowish-white; metathorax confluentlv
punctured, the elevated lines well defined, the central area sublimate; wings
hyaline, nervures black; four anterior coxae white beneath, posterior pair black,
with a large white wedge-shaped spot beneath; four anterior legs white, their
trochanters, femora and tibiae black behind ; posterior legs black, the femora
with a broad white stripe beneath at base, their tibiae with a white stripe be¬
neath; tips of anterior tarsi black ; abdomen elongate, convex, dull black, first
segment shining, feebly sculptured. Length (5£ lines.

Hab. — West Virginia, (Ridings). Allied to pullatus, but easily separated by
the entirely whitish face and differently ornamented legs.

I. sagus. — 9- Robust, deep black, shining; face broad, a narrow white line
on the upper half of the posterior orbits; antennae robust, with a rather broad
white or yellowish annulus about the middle; mesothorax and scutellum po¬
lished, with scattered deep punctures, scutellum with a white spot at tip, some¬
times a white dot before the wings; metathorax confluentlv punctured, the cen¬
tral area subrotund; wings hyaline; legs robust, black, the tibiae with a broad
exterior white stripe, tarsi brownish ; abdomen short, robust, oblong-ovate,
shining; first segment slender at base, dilated at tip, which is sparsely punc¬
tured, but not rough ; second segment densely punctured, almost smooth at tip ;
remaining segments impunctured, except the base of the third segment, which
is sometimes sparsely punctured. Length 6 lines.

%. Long, slender, deep black, sometimes shining; face and clypeus white or
yellowish-white, a narrow white line on the upper half of the posterior orbits;

ICHNEUMONIDTEt

295

antennae long, slender, brownish beneath, with a narrow yellowish annulus be¬
yond the middle, sometimes subobsolete; a short, narrow line before each an¬
terior wing and another beneath, the scutellum, and sometimes a line on the
post-seutellum, white; metathorax subrugose, with the elevated lines sharply
defined, the central area transversely subrotund ; wings hyaline, slightly tinged
with fuscous at tip; tips of the four anterior femora, their tibiae more or less,
and the ba'sal half of the posterior tibiae white or whitish; abdomen slender,
subcylindric, shining at tip. Length 6—7 lines.

1 lab. — Mass., Conn., N. Y., D. C., Ill. Six 9 - three £ specimens. The 9 has
much the form of subcyaneus, but is readily distinguished from that species by
the striped tibiae. The 'J, specimens may not belong to this species, although
they closely resemble the 9 in the markings.

I. ultus. — % . Black, opaque; face, clypeus and palpi, in part, yellowish-
white; antennae long, slender, subserrate, the scape whitish beneath; tegulae,
a sutural line in front, and a short line beneath each anterior wing, scutellum
and post-scntellum, white or yellowish white ; metathorax confluently punc¬
tured, the elevated lines sharply defined, the central area moderate, quadrate,
its posterior margin, and sometimes a spot on anterior margin, whitish; wings
hyaline, sometimes with a slight yellowish tinge; all the coxae white, except
the posterior pair at base beneath; tips of the four anterior femora and a stripe
within, their tibise and tarsi entirely, and the posterior tibiae, except the apical
third, also white ; posterior femora black, their tarsi black in one specimen and
white in another; abdomen densely punctured, the first segment suddenly di¬
lated at tip. Length 7i lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, (Coll. Mr. Norton) ; West Virginia, (Ridings). One'J, spe¬
cimen. The almost entirely white coxae will distinguish this species from au-
dax and Bronteus , to which it is closely allied.

I. rogalis. — ^ . Black, opaque ; antennae long, moderately slender, subserrate ;
sides of the face, a transverse lunate mark on the clypeus, (sometimes the face
and clypeus entirely,) spot on scape of antennae beneath, tegulae, a line before
and a short one beneath each anterior wing, scutellum and post-scutellum, a
spot on the four anterior coxae beneath, a line on the posterior pair exteriorly,
as well as its tip beneath, tips of the four anterior femora or a line within, the
four anterior tibiae and tarsi, and the basal halt of the posterior tibise, all white
or yellowish-white; sometimes the two or three basal joints of the posterior
tarsi are yellowish, and a single specimen has the posterior tibise black, except
a short exterior white line; wings subhyaline, more or less tinged with fuscous;
metathorax with sharply defined elevated lines and a rather large, quadrate
central area; abdomen elongate, depressed ; first segment rather broadly dilated
at tip, and strongly bicarinate. Length 6 — lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, New York, (Coll. Mr. Norton;; West Virginia, (Ridings).
Fifteen £ specimens. Easily distinguished from its allies by the markings of
the face.

I. mellipes. — hong, slender, dull black, the abdomen with a faint pur¬
plish tinge ; antennae long, black, the basal joint yellow beneath ; narrow ante¬
rior orbits, face, clypeus, mandibles and palpi, and sometimes a spot on the
cheeks beneath the eyes, bright yellow; thorax shining; tegulse, a short sutu¬
ral line before each anterior wing, a short, narrow line beneath, and the scutel¬
lum, bright yellow; metathorax subrugose, slightly shining, the elevated lines

29G

E. T. CRESSON.

sharply defined, th e central area small, subrotund; wings yellowish-hyaline,
nervures and stigma testaceous ; legs bright honey-yellow, approaching orange,
the four anterior coxae whitish, the posterior pair black, more or less yellow at
tips; tips of posterior tibiae, and sometimes the apex of their tarsi, dusky; ab¬
domen long and narrow, opaque, except at tip which is smoother and slightly
shining; basal segment slender and but slightly dilated at tip, which is bicari-
nate and finely striated longitudinally. Length 7£ lines.

Hub. — Canada, (Saunders) ; Maine, (Harris’ Collection). Two 'J, specimens.

I. puerilis. — % . Very slender, black, shining; face, clypeus, mandibles and
palpi, white; a dusky spot beneath antennae and a larger one on middle of cly¬
peus ; antennae very long, slender, filiform, brown above, fulvous beneath, the
basal joint white beneath ; tegulse and a spot on scutellum, fulvous; the post-
scutellum has two large, deep fovese at base; metathorax shining, the elevated
lines well defined, the central area moderate, quadrate; wings hyaline, irides¬
cent, nervures and stigma brown, areolet triangular; legs, including all the
coxae, bright honey-yellow, tips of posterior femora, their tibiae and tarsi black¬
ish; abdomen slender, the apical half polished. Length 5 lines.

Ilab. — Canada, ( Billings). One % specimen. This is a very slender species,
with very long, filiform antennae. It may not belong to this genus.

I. infidelis. — % . Black; face, orbits, spot on each side of cvlpeus, and palpi,
whitish; antennae long, slender, subserrate, entirely black; tegulae, broad sutu¬
ral line before, and a short line beneath each anterior wing, most of scutellum,
post-scutelium, and two spots on each side of the pleura, the anterior one the
larger and transverse, all white; scutellum slightly convex ; metathorax con-
fluently punctured, the elevated lines sharply defined, the central area large,
lunate, and on each extreme side there is a very obscure pale mark; tegulae
dull whitish; wings hyaline, nervures and stigma black; legs black, the four
anterior coxae more or less whitish beneath, the posterior with a white spot be¬
hind ; tips of the four anterior femora and within, their tibiae and most of tarsi,
extreme tips of posterior femora, the exterior edge of their tibiae and most of
their tarsi, whitish ; abdomen robust, opaque at base, shining at tip; apex of
first segment white, apical margin of second segment stained with dull testa¬
ceous. Length 7 lines.

Hob. — Connecticut, (Coll. Mr. Norton). One % specimen.

I. improvisus. — 'J, . Black, subopaque; face and clypeus white, both with a
broad black stripe down the middle ; antennae long, slender, black, with a broad
white annulus a little before the middle, the basal joint beneath is spotted with
white; spot on tegulEe, another in front, a short line beneath, and the scutel¬
lum, also white; central area of metathorax subquadrate, shining; wings sub¬
hyaline; legs black, tips of anterior femora, their tibiae and tarsi, basal half of
intermediate tibiae and of their tarsi, and a narrow band near the base of pos¬
terior tibiae, white; abdomen elongate, narrow, opaque shining at tip, apical
margin of sixth and a large spot on the seventh segment, white. Length 6i
lines.

Hab. — New Jersey, (Coll. Mr. E. Norton). One % specimen.

I. ssevus.— 9 • Robust, deep black, shining, closely and distinctly punctured
antennae with a broad yellowish annulus ; head and thorax immaculate, except
the posterior margin of the scutellum, which is obscurely palish; metatho¬
rax shining, sparsely punctured, central area large, rounded in front and emar-

ICHNEUMON IDiE. .

297

ginate behind; wings hyaline; anterior legs palish in front; basal segment of
abdomen polished, with a few large scattered punctures'; apical segment po¬
lished, the two last each with a central white spot. Length 6 lines.

Hab. — Illinois, (Dr. Lewis). One 9 specimen.

I. helvipes. — J. Small, robust, polished ; narrow frontal orbits, interrupted
on each side of antennae, white; mouth testaceous; palpi pale; antennas short,
subserrate, brown-black above, dull testaceous beneath, brown-black at base;
a line on the collar, sutural line on each side of thorax before the wing, spot on
the tegulre anteriorly, a short line beneath each anterior wing and the lateral
margins of the scutellum confluent at tip, all whitish ; the elevated lines of the
metathorax sharply defined, with the central area moderate and transversely
subquadrate ; wings hyaline; legs short, robust, especially the posterior femora,
rufous, coxae black, tips of posterior ti bite and their tarsi blackish; abdomen
robust, posterior margin of the fifth segment, and the two following segments
entirely, yellowish-white. Length 4 lines.

% • More slender than the 9 > which it otherwise closely resembles; in one
specimen the areolet of the anterior wing is triangular, with an additional, ru-
dimental nervure at tip. Length 4 lines.

Hah. — Massp, Conn., (Coll. Mr. E. Norton); Ills., (Dr. Lewis). One 9 , three
% specimens. Easily recognized by the small size and short, thick red legs.

I. clarus. — 9. Entirely bright blue, shining; narrow anterior orbits, and a
line on the posterior orbits, white: head much narrowed beneath: antenna;
long, slightly thickened near the tips, with a broad white annulus a little be¬
yond the middle ; a short line before and another beneath the tegulae, white ;
scutellum with a white spot at tip ; metathorax with a short spine on each side
behind, the central area large, quadrate ; wings hyaline, slightly yellowish,
areolet triangular; legs blue, the anterior pair whitish in front; abdomen
rather short, slightly dilated beyond the first segment, which is slender at base
and suddenly dilated at tip, the upper surface of which is polished, but rather
uneven ; tip of abdomen polished. Length 0 lines,

Hab. — Massachusetts, (Ridings). One 9 specimen. A very pretty species,
with the blue color quite bright.

I. albomarginatus. — % . Black; face, orbits, broad on the lower posterior half,
elypeus, mandibles and palpi pale yellow; antennae black, basal joint beneath
yellow ; tegulse, sutural line before and short line beneath each anterior wing,
square spot on disk of mesothorax, scutellum, post-scutellum, two square marks
on metathorax behind, anterior margin of prothorax, and an irregular mark on
each side of pleura, just behind anterior cox®, dull yellowish; wings hyaline,
very faintly tinged with dusky, nervures and stigma brown, areolet triangular ;
legs black, four anterior coxae, trochanters and femora white beneath, their ti¬
biae, tarsi, apical half of posterior trochanters and their tibiae at base, also white :
abdomen elongate, narrow, tip) of first segment, and narrow posterior margins
of remaining segments, white; on the third and following segments the fasciae
do not extend entirely to the sides, but become gradually shorter, so that the
two apical segments have only a white central spot instead of a fascia. Length
6 lines.

Hab. — Mississippi, (Coll. Mr. E. Norton). One % specimen.

TRANS. AMUR. ENT. SOC.

(38)

OCTOBER, 1807.

298

E. T. CRESSON.

I. consignatus. — 'J, . Black, opaque ; head narrowed beneath ; anterior orbits,
face, except a narrow black line down the middle, a spot on each side of the
elypeus, and a spot on the lower part of the cheeks, white; palpi pale; anten¬
nae long, subserrate, slender at tips, black, with a white or yellowish-white an¬
nulus about the middle: tegulae, a sutural line before and a spot beneath, and
the scutellum, white; metathorax immaculate, central area moderate, quad¬
rate; wings hyaline, faintly dusky; legs black, tips of four anterior femora, the
anterior pair within, and their tibise and tarsi at base, whitish; posterior tibise
palish at base; abdomen long, narrow; a wavy line on each side of second seg¬
ment, a spot on each side of third, sometimes its posterior margin, and the pos¬
terior margin of the remaining segments, whitish. Length 7 lines.

Sab. — West Virginia, (Ridings). Two % specimens.

I. robustus. — 9- Large, robust, black; anterior orbits, dilated on each side
of the face, yellow; middle of face brownish; elypeus ferruginous, brownish at
tip; mandibles brownish; antennae rather long, stout at base, slender at tips,
reddish-brown at base, yellow in the middle and black at tips; tegulse and a
line beneath, yellow; scutellum flat, polished, yellow; metathorax finely ru¬
gose, with a large subrotund central area; wings yellowish-hyaline, nervures
and stigma ferruginous; coxae black, the two anterior pairs spotted beneath
with yellow; trochanters yellow; four anterior femora ferruginous, yellow at
tips, their tibise and tarsi yellow; posterior femora and tips of their tibise black,
rest of their tibiae and their tarsi yellow; abdomen robust, convex, tip com¬
pressed ; first segment broadly dilated at tip, black, second and third with the
anterior half yellow, the posterior half brown-ferruginous, remaining segments
black, w'ith their posterior margin yellow. Length 7£ lines.

Sab. — Canada, (Billings.) One 9 specimen. Allied to jucundus, but very dis¬
tinct.

I. subdolus. — 9. Robust, ferruginous or brown-ferruginous, face and cheeks
staRied with black ; antennae stout, joints thick set, ferruginous, blackish at base
and tip, yellowish or whitish in the middle; thorax on the sides and beneath
black; mesothorax shining ; scutellum yellow, the region on each side black;
metathorax deeply excavated behind, central area large, subquadrate ; wings
uniformly fusco-hyaline; legs ferruginous, coxae, four anterior femora behind,
and the posterior pair, except base, black ; abdomen robust, ovate, ferruginous;
second and third segments with a yellow band at tip, sometimes obsolete on the
third segment; base of second, third and fourth segments more or less black,
generally the tip of first segment has a yellow spot on each side, sometimes con¬
fluent; apical segment entirely ferruginous. Length — 6 lines.

Sab. — Maine, Massachusetts. Four 9 specimens.

I. creperus. — . Differs from Grote by the thorax being always black, not

varied with fulvous; by the posterior femora, except base, the tips of their ti¬
biae, and the posterior coxae, being black ; and by the second and following seg¬
ments of the abdomen being fulvo-ferruginous, black at base, without any yel¬
lowish shade at the tip of the segments, except that of the first, which is always
yellow. Length 6i — 7i lines.

Sab. — Canada, West Virginia, Illinois. Sixteen £ specimens.

I. atrifrons is probably the 9 of comptus. It varies in the width of the abdo¬
minal fasciae and also in the markings of the metathorax. The lines on the
mesothorax are sometimes obsolete or wanting.

ICHNEUMONIDiE.

299

I. zebratus. — 9 • Rather robust, closely punctured but shining, head narrow¬
ed beneath, yellow, middle of the vertex, from the base of antennae to occiput,
and the occiput behind, black; antennae slender, black, with a broad white an¬
nulus, basal joint beneath yellow; a large square mark on posterior middle of
mesothorax. a sutural line on each side in front, a line on collar, tegulse, a line
beneath, a large mark on each side of pleura, scutellum, post-scutellum, and
two large spots on metathorax, confluent anteriorly, all yellow; central area of
metathorax large, subquadrate ; wings pale yellowish-hyaline, nervures and
and stigma pale luteous; legs ferruginous, the four anterior coxae beneath, the
posterior pair behind, and at tips beneath, all the trochanters, the anterior legs
in front and base of posterior tibiae, yellow; abdomen with a broad, apical, yel¬
low band on the four basal segments, and a transverse ajncal spot on each of
the remaining segments. Length 5 lines.

Hab. — Illinois, (Dr. Lewis). One 9 specimen. A very pretty and distinct
species.

I. multor, (Harris’ Catah). — % . Very near to flavizonatus, but differs by the
face being black, with a yellow stripe on each side, and two approximate spots
beneath the antennae; by the immaculate metathorax and first abdominal seg¬
ment, and by the second segment having a fulvous band at both base and apex ;
the third, fourth, sixth and seventh segments have each a narrow, pale yel¬
low fascia, broadest on the third segment; the legs are colored as in flavizona¬
tus, except that the femora are pale fulvous. Length 6£ lines.

Hab. — Canada, Massachusetts. Two 'J, specimens.

I. zelotypus. — % . Black, subopaque; face and clypeus pale ferruginous,
shading into yellow on the sides; palpi yellow; antennae long, black, basal
joint yellow beneath ; tegulse, a short line in front and another beneath, yellow¬
ish: scutellum and post-scutellum polished, dull ferruginous; metathorax ru¬
gose, the elevated lines well defined, the central area large, quadrate ; wings
yellowish-hyaline, dusky at tips; legs yellow, the four anterior coxae at base
beneath, the posterior pair entirely, the four anterior femora at base behind, the
posterior pair except base, and the tips of their tibiae, black, tips of tarsi dusky ;
abdomen long, rather broad, flattened ; first segment slender, broadly dilated
at tip, which is uneven, black, with a yellow apical band; second and third seg¬
ments black, with a broad yellow band at tip, remaining segments ferruginous
or brown, beneath dull ferruginous. Length 6V — 9 lines.

Hab. — West Virginia, (Ridings). Two ^ specimens.

I. calitergus, (Harris’ Catal.). — 9- Rather robust, black; head tinged with
dull rufous, the anterior orbits dull ferruginous; antennae stout, brown-black,
with a broad yellowish annulus; thorax entirely black, except the scutellum,
which is yellow and polished; wings yellowish-hyaline, nervures brown, stig¬
ma fulvous; legs black, the tibiae with a broad yellowish annulus at base, tarsi
brownish-fulvous; abdomen black, with a yellow apical band on the three ba¬
sal segments, and a central yellow spot on the sixth and seventh segments.
Length 6 lines.

Hab. — Maine, (Harris’ Collection). One 9 specimen.

I magniceps. — 9- Black, head and thorax shining, abdomen opaque; head
unusually large, quadrate, not narrowed beneath, white, the middle of the ver¬
tex, from the insertion of the antennae to the ocelli, the posterior part of the oc¬
ciput, and the tips of mindibles, black; antennae rather short, not robust, black,

300

E. T. CRESSON.

with a broad white annulus beyond the middle; thorax black above, white be¬
neath, shining; collar, two lines on disk of mesothorax, a broad sutural line on
each side, tegulse, a spot beneath, scutellum and post-scutellum, all white; me¬
tathorax coarsely and confluently punctured, white, with a large, oblong, black
spot on each side of the middle, confluent with a blackish stain on the lateral
sutures, and a square blackish mark on the apical middle, the elevated lines
obsoletely defined; wings hyaline, faintly yellowish, slightly dusky at tips ;
areolet small and triangular; legs rather slender, entirely pale honey-yellow,
except the four anterior coxae beneath, which are whitish; abdomeh narrow,
depressed, opaque, the punctures being dense and linear, making the surface
appear almost striate ; first segment slender, reddish at base, dilated at tip,
which is confluently punctured ; all the segments with a white band at tip, di¬
lated on the extreme sides. Length S lines.

. — Marked like the 9 > but the form is more slender, the antennae very long
and subserrate, the basal joint spotted beneath with white, and the legs brighter
colored and more slender. Length 7i lines.

Sab. — Cuba, (Coll. Dr. J. Gundlach, No. 528 9 > 538 % .) One , one 9 > spe-
cimens.

I. lsetus. — This species is easily recognized by having the posterior portion of
the four basal segments of the abdomen more or less yellow; generally the se¬
cond, third and fourth segments are yellow, with merely the basal margins
black; the dilated tip of the first segment is yellow, and occasionally, in speci¬
mens where the markings are unusually well developed, the whole of this seg¬
ment is yellow ; the yellow band on the fourth segment is sometimes constrict¬
ed in the middle, in two specimens dividing the band into two spots; the fifth
and remaining segments are always black; the mesothorax has occasionally a
spot or two short lines on the disk; the scutellum and post-scutellum are al¬
ways yellow; the metathorax varies from being entirely yellow to entirely
black, sometimes yellow with a black stripe down the middle, or black with a
broad yellow stripe down each side; the wings vary from hyaline to dusky ; the
legs are yellow, including the four anterior coxae; the posterior coxae — some¬
times varied with yellow — their femora more or less, and the apical third of
their tibiae, are black; sometimes the four anterior femora are more or less
black behind, sometimes fhore or less tinged with reddish ; tarsi dusky at tips;
the pleura is occasionally varied with yellowish. Length — 7 lines. Forty-
two specimens examined.

I have been told that this cannot be the Icetus of Bridle, because the colors of
the posterior legs are exactly the opposite of what is described by him. But I
am very much inclined to believe that Brulle meant exactly contrary to what
the types made him sav; for I know of no species of Ichneumon, either domes¬
tic or foreign, that has the posterior legs yellow with the trochanters, base of
the femora and the basal two-thirds of the tibiae black, and I do not believe that
any species can be found as having the legs with the colors so arranged.

I. mimicus. — . Black; the orbits, broad on the cheeks, and all beneath the

antennae, yellow, brown above, dull red beneath; teguloe, sutural line before
and a short line beneath anterior wing, scutellum, post-scutellum, a large mark
occupying most of the metathorax, sometimes reduced to two small spots, yel¬
low; wings hyaline or subhyaline; the two anterior pairs of legs, including
their coxae, yellow, sometimes the femora are slightly blackish behind; poste¬
rior legs yellow, their coxae, femora and tips of tibiae, black, their tarsi more

ICIINEUMONIPJE.

301

or less dusky at tips; abdomen convex, the basal segment broadly dilated at
tip, subconvex, shining, not rough; apical half of all the segments yellow; the
apical segments are often indistinctly banded. Length 5 — 5<V lines.

Ilab. — Mass., Conn. Fifteen ^ specimens. Very much like Icetus Brulle, but
is smaller and more convex.

I. comes. — This species is distinguished by the anterior part of the second and
third segments of the abdomen being more or less yellow. The type specimen is
larger and more robust than usual and is the only specimen out of 35 that has
the yellow longitudinal lines fully developed, i. e. extending to the anterior
margin and joining the sutural line on each side; generally the mesothorax is
immaculate and the lateral sutural lines more or less distinct, often reduced to
a mere dot just before the tegulse; some specimens have a yellow spot on the
disk of the mesothorax and others two short lines. The scutellum is always
yellow, but the post-seutellum is occasionally black. The metathorax varies
from immaculate to more or less yellow; the four anterior femora are often
more or less black behind; the posterior coxae are sometimes varied with yel¬
low, while in other specimens the four anterior coxae are more or less black.
The basal segment of the abdomen is always black, sometimes wi h a yellow
dot on each side of the dilated tip; the second segment generally has its ante¬
rior one-half or two-thirds yellow, with the posterior margin of the yellow band
often undulate or uneven, occasionally the yellow extends almost to the tip of
the segment, which is more or less unevenly marked with black ; the third seg¬
ment is sometimes entirely yellow, sometimes with the posterior margin nar¬
rowly black, sometimes with only a black dot on each side, sometimes the pos¬
terior one-third to one-half is black; four specimens from West Virginia have
the yellow bands on the second and third segments narrow and more or less ob¬
scure ; the fourth and following segments are generally entirely black, but in
two or three specimens the sides of the fourth segment are more or less distinct¬
ly marked with yellow, and three specimens, identical with the aleatorius of
Harris’ Catalogue, have a triangular yellow mark on each side of the fourth
segment, almost contiguous in one specimen; occasionally the pleura has a
more or less developed yellow spot on each side; the wings vary from hyaline
to dusky. Length 7 — lines. Thirty-five ^ specimens from Can., Mass., Del.,
W. Va. and Ills.

I. feralis. — 9- Black, head quadrate, not narrowed beneath; face sometimes
more or less brownish; antennae short, robust, joints thick-set, black, a rather
broad white or yellowish annulus about the middle; mesothorax flattened,
shining, coarsely punctured; scutellum flat, polished, white ; metathorax ru-
gulose, the central area large, quadrate ; tegulse brownish; wings subhyaline,
uniformly tinged with pale fuscous, stigma and nervures brown; legs black,
tips of anterior femora, the four anterior tibiae, except tips which are brown,
and a bi'oad annulus on posterior tibiae, white ; tarsi brownish : abdomen white,
second segment with a broad apical white band, and the two terminal segments
with a white spot on their apical middle; sometimes all the markings are yel¬
low and the third segment has a narrow apical band or a central spot, and the
fifth segment an apical spot, like those on the two following segments; in one
specimen the second and third segments are tinged with brownish. Length
— 5 lines.

Hub. — Canada, Massachusetts. Four 9 specimens.

302

E. T. CRESSON.

I. Dakota.— ^ . Black, opaque: face, orbits, clvpeus, mandibles and palpi le¬
mon-yellow: antennae long, blackish above, fulvous beneath, the basal joint
yellow beneath: two short lines on disk of mesothorax, tegulae, sutural line be¬
fore, a short line beneath, scutellum, post-scutellum, and posterior half of meta¬
thorax, lemon-yellow ; elevated lines of metathorax sharply defined, central
area large, open behind; wings hyaline, faintly tinged with yellowish, ner-
vures brown, stigma fulvous: legs yellow, the four anterior femora behind fus¬
cous ; posterior coxse, except tips, their femora, except extreme tips and base with¬
in, and the apical third of their tibiae, black: abdomen flattened, opaque black,
third segment with a broad yellow band, shaded behind with fulvous, lateral
margins of the fourth and fifth segments marked with fulvous; apical segment
tinged with brownish; beneath yellow, darker laterally. Length 6 lines.

Hab. — Dakota Territory, (Ulke). One % specimen.

I. inurbanus. — 9- Robust, black, shining; head robust, not narrowed be¬
neath: antennas short, robust, joints short and thick, black, with a pale annu¬
lus about the middle; mesothorax polished, finely punctured; scutellum flat,
polished; metathorax opaque, rugose, central area oblong-quadrate: teguke
piceous ; wings violaceous-black; legs shining black, the anterior pair palish
in front; tarsi tinged with brown; abdomen robust, ovate, finely and closely
punctured, brown-ferruginous, basal segment black. Length 6 lines.

Hab. — West Virginia, (Ridings). One £ specimen. Closely allied to I. rvfi-
ventris, but distinct by the shorter, stouter antennse and finer sculpture of the
body.

I. insolens. — % 9 • Rather large, head and thorax robust, abdomen long and
narrow, black, densely punctured, somewhat shining; head scarcely narrowed
beneath, anterior orbits beneath antennse and a dot on each side of anterior oc¬
ellus white; antennse short in 9 , longer in 'J, , slender at tips, subserrate in 'J, ,
black, with a white annulus about the middle, obsolete beneath; thorax gib¬
bous, immaculate ; scutellum long, convex, coarsely punctured and clothed with
short black hair; metathorax coarsely punctured, except the quadrate central
area which is smooth and polished, as well as the carinse that bound it; wings
broad, not long, violaceous-black; nervures and stigma black; areolet large,
quadrate, very slightly oblique, the second recurrent nervure straight; legs
slender, black, the posterior pair long ; anterior legs before, tips of middle femo¬
ra, and the posterior femora entirely, rufous ; abdomen long, narrow, entirely
dull rufous, densely and coarsely punctured; venter yellow. Length — 7
lines.

Hab. — Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana. Two 9j fifteen specimens.
Probably not a true Ichneumon. Closely allied and congeneric with I. meridi-
onalis, from Cuba.

I. semicaeruleus.— 9 • Robust; head, thorax and base of abdomen deep blue,
shining, clothed with a fine, short, pale pubescence anterior orbits subobso-
letely pale; antennas with the basal third black, middle white and the apical
third brown ; tegulse black, with a white dot in front; scutellum polished, with
a round white central spot; metathorax rugulose, central area large, quadrate,
not well defined; wings pale yellowish-hyaline, nervures and stigma black;
legs blue, anterior pair pale in front, tips of posterior femora and their tarsi
ferruginous; abdomen oblong-ovate, first segment deep blue, remaining seg¬
ments rufo-ferruginous, polished towards the apex; beneath as above. Length
6 lines.

ICHNEUM0NID7E.

O AO

olio

Ilab. — West, Virginia, (Jas. Ridings). One 9 specimen. A beautiful species,
allied to I. detritus.

I. instabilis. — 9 ■ Black or ferruginous, rather robust; head slightly narrow¬
ed beneath, the anterior orbits more or less red or yellowish, sometimes the
head is entirely red or the face and elypeus are varied with brown and yellow¬
ish or reddish ; antennae moderately long, not robust, generally fulvous at base,
yellow in middle and black at tips, sometimes only fulvous with tips black, or
black at base, then fulvous, yellow and black ; third joint elongate, longer than
the fourth which is subequal with the fifth; thorax often entirely ferruginous or
more or less varied with ferruginous, sometimes black immaculate, except the
scutellum, which is always yellow and polished; tegulse ferruginous, often with
a reddish spot in front and another beneath ; post-scutellum sometimes reddish ;
metathorax rugulose, the central area large and subquadrate; wings subhya¬
line, more or less stained with yellow, nervures brown, stigma pale honey-yel¬
low; legs honey-yellow or ferruginous; the coxie, tips of posterior femora, of
their tibiae and most of their tarsi black, sometimes the most part of the poste¬
rior legs is black ; abdomen oblong-ovate, subconvex, slender at base, generally
entirely ferruginous, sometimes the fourth and fifth segments above are black
or fuscous, sometimes the second and third segments only are ferruginous, and
sometimes the incisures of the segments are more or less blackish ; beneath fer¬
ruginous or yellowish-ferruginous, dusky or black at tip. Length 5i — 6 lines.

. This sex is exceedingly variable in color, some examples being almost
entirely yellowish-ferruginous, and others almost entirely black. Head black,
with the anterior orbits and all beneath the antenna; yellow; antennae long,
slender, black above and brownish or fulvous beneath, the basal joint yellow
beneath; thorax generally black, sometimes more or less varied with ferrugi¬
nous, and in one specimen the mesothorax has four abbreviated pjale vittse;
sometimes the thorax is black, immaculate, except the scutellum which is al¬
ways yellow; generally, there is a spot or a sutural line before the wings and a
spot or line beneath ; the post-scutellum is often reddish; legs honey-yellow;
the four anterior coxae often more or less yellow or honey-yellow, sometimes
black spotted with yellowish beneath ; the posterior coxae are generally black,
sometimes more or less ferruginous, their trochanters generally half black and
half honey -yellow, sometimes their femora are .entirely black or half black, ge¬
nerally only tipoed with black, rarely entirely honey-yellow, their tibiae tipped
with black; the general color of the legs varies from lemon-yellow to ferrugi¬
nous; abdomen depressed, opaque, sometimes entirely yellowish-ferruginous,
but generally black, with the second and third, and sometimes part of the fourth
segments ferruginous or yellowish-ferruginous ; the first segment is either en¬
tirely ferruginous or black tipped with ferruginous, or with two apical yellow
spots; the second and third segments are entirely ferruginous, or yellow stained
with ferruginous; the fourth is either entirely black, or black spotted with fer¬
ruginous, or entirely ferruginous, the remaining segments are generally black
or brown, often more or less varied with ferruginous; several specimens have
the second and third segments bright yellow and the rest black. Length 5 — 7
lines.

Hob. — Me., Conn., N. Y., N. J., W. Va. Twenty-seven 9 > forty-four £ speci¬
mens.

304

E. T. CRESSON.

I. electus. — . Black; face white, with a median black spot or line on the

sutures; clypeus entirely white or with two white spots; palpi pale, black at
base; antennae long, slender, much attenuated at tips, serrate, black, the basal
joint white beneath; tegulse, a sutural line before and a short line beneath, scu-
tellurn and post-scutellum white; in one specimen the posterior margin of the
central area of metathorax is white; wings hyaline, nervures black; legs black,
varied with white; in one specimen all the coxae are white, black at base be¬
neath ; in the other specimen they are black, the two anterior pairs spotted be¬
neath with white; anterior femora in front, the four anterior tibiae and tarsi,
the posterior tibiae, except tips, and their tarsi more or less, also white; in one
specimen the intermediate tibiae has a white line beneath ; abdomen with the
second, third and base and sides of fourth segments bright yellowish-ferrugi¬
nous. Length G — -7^ lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, (Coll. Mr. E. Norton). Two % specimens.

I. volesus. — 9- Robust, dull black, head and sides of thorax shining, head
not narrow beneath; antennae with a white annulus about the middle; seutel-
lum polished, metathorax rugulose, central area oblong-quadrate, posterior an¬
gles prominent cariniform ; tegulse dull ferruginous ; wings pale fuseo-hyaline,
nervures brown, stigma fulvous; legs black, tips of anterior femora, their tibiae
and tarsi, most of the middle tibiae and tarsi, and the basal two-thirds of the
posterior tibiae ferruginous, their tarsi brown; abdomen robust, ovate, black,
second and third segments entirely ferruginous, two apical segments with a
central white spot, beneath as above, except that the apical white spots are
wanting. Length 6 lines.

Hab. — Massachusetts, (J. Ridings.) One 9 specimen.

I. Nortonii. — 9- Black, thinly pubescent, head broad, slightly narrowed be¬
neath, eyes large and prominent; a white spot on each side of the vertex on
the anterior orbits; antenna) long and unusually slender, especially at tip
black, with a white annulus about the middle, basal joints of flagellum long and
subequal; two spots on the collar, a spot before tegulte and another beneath,
and the scutellum except tip, white; a ferruginous spot on the post-scutellum ;
metathorax densely and confluently punctured, the elevated lines well defined,
the central area elongate, subquadrate; wings subhyaline, dusky at tips, ner¬
vures brown, stigma yellow, areolet 5-angular ; legs slender, black, thinly pubes-
sent, tips of four anterior femora, their tibiae and tarsi, and basal half of poste¬
rior tibiae rufo-testaceous ; abdomen subdepressed, narrow, ferruginous; first
segment black at base, slender, dilated and depressed at tip, which is smooth
and shining above, basal foveae of second segment very deep; the fifth and fol¬
lowing segments black, the two last tipped with white.. Length 5£ lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, (Coll. Mr. E. Norton). One 9 specimen. A very pretty
and distinct species.

I. finitimus. — 9- Head black, sides of the face, clypeus, most of the mandi¬
bles and the palpi white; one specimen has the face white, except a small black
central spot; antennae long, slender, black, with a white annulus beyond the
middle, at base beneath the joints are reddish; thorax black, sometimes brown¬
ish ; the metathorax, except sometimes its lateral margin, and more or less of
the pleura ferruginous; metathorax excavated behind, with a short, blunt, pro¬
minent spine on each side, the elevated lines well defined, the central area
quadrate, rather large; teguke, scutellum and post-scutellum white; wings hva-

ICHNEUMONIDiE.

305

line or subhvaline, iridescerft, areolet triangular, legs rather long, ferruginous,
the four anterior coxae and trochanters white, tips of posterior femora, of their
tibiae and most of their tarsi black ; abdomen long, narrow, very slender at base,
pale ferruginous; posterior margin of the fourth segment, the fifth entirely, the
sixth, except apex, and the sides of the following segments black, rest of the
apical segments above, white; beneath honey-yellow, the tip black. Length 44
lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Illinois. Four % specimens. Allied to ter-
minalis Cresson.

I. milvus, (Harris’ Catal.) — % . Head and thorax black; anterior orbits, face,
clypeus, mandibles and palpi yellow or fulvous; antennae long, slender, especi¬
ally so at tips which are dusky, the rest fulvous ; tegulse, a spot before, the scu-
tellum and a spot behind, and the tegulse, bright fulvous or yellow; metatho¬
rax finely sculptured, with the elevated lines sharply defined, the posterior an¬
gles produced into a short blunt spine, central area quadrate or subquadrate;
wings long, ample, pale yellowish-hyaline, nervures and stigma fulvous, areo¬
let five-angular, narrow above ; legs rather slender, entirely yellow or bright
honey-yellow, posterior pair long; abdomen long, narrow, shining, yellow or
bright honey-yellow, the fifth and remaining segments deep shining black, and
sometimes the fourth segment, except the basal corners, is also black. Length
7 lines.

Hab. — Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island. Four 'J, specimens.

I. hariolus. — J. Black, shining, finely punctured; head not large, anterior
orbits dull ferruginous; mandibles luteous, black at tips; antennae rather slen¬
der, brown-black, with a white annulus about the middle; thorax immaculate,
except a small transverse spot beneath each anterior wing; metathorax feebly
sculptured, the elevated lines not sharply defined, the central area moderate,
subrotund, the posterior truncation abrupt and transversely striated ; wings sub¬
hyaline, nervures and stigma black, the areolet broad, 5-angular; coxae black,
more or less tinged with rufous, the posterior pair with a rather long, blunt
tooth beneath near the tip; the four anterior legs ferruginous, the posterior pair
brown-black, the tibiae, except tips, and tarsi rufo-fuscous ; abdomen rather
short, depressed, shining black, the second, third and fourth segments, except
apex, dull rufous; first segment smooth and polished; the basal foveaeof second
segment very transverse and rather deep. Length 4 lines.

Hab. — Massachusetts, (Ridings.) One J specimen.

I. hebrus. — J. Small, black, densely punctured, finely pubescent; head broad,
scarcely narrowed beneath; antennae rather short, black, the third, fourth and
fifth joints rufous, the tenth to thirteenth white; thorax immaculate; metatho-
rax rugulose, the elevated lines sharply defined, the central area elongate, sub¬
quadrate, posterior truncation rather abrupt, and transversely striated; tegulae
brownish; wings subhyaline, tinged with dusky, iridescent, nervures brown,
areolet broad, 5-angular; legs, including all the coxae, rufo-ferruginous, apical
half of posterior femora and tips of their tibiae, black, tips of all the tarsi dusky ;
posterior cox?e with a short, blunt tubercle beneath towards the tip; abdomen
rather narrow, subparallel, rufous, the fifth and following segments black ; first
segment shining, almost smooth, not broadly or suddenly dilated at tip ; be¬
neath as above. Length 4^ lines.

% . Much like the £> , with the antennae longer, and the basal joints black.

Hab. — Connecticut, Illinois. Two 9 , one % , specimens.

(39)

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

OCTOBER, 1867.

306

E. T. CRESSON.

I. Hebe. — 9 • Small, black, head broad, eyes larg'e, most of mandibles and the
palpi testaceous; antennae rather short and slender, brown-black, joints 2 — 5
honey-yellow, a narrow whitish annulus a little beyond the middle, the tip be¬
neath paler, joints 4 — 6 elongate and subequal; thorax black, immaculate; te-
gulae white; wings subhyaline, iridescent, nervures pale, areolet broad. 5-angu-
lar; legs, including the coxae, pale honey-yellow, the coxae and trochanters
paler; tips of posterior femora and of their tibiae black; tarsi yellowish, their
tips blackish ; posterior coxae with a stout tooth beneath near the tip ; abdomen
oblong-ovate, depressed, slender at base, pointed at tip; first segment smooth
and shining above at tip, not suddenly dilated, second segment transversely de¬
pressed at base; second, third and fourth segments honey-yellow, sometimes
the tip of the first segment is tinged with reddish. Length 3 — 3£ lines.

% . Sides of face and spot on each side of clypeus, white ; antennae entirely
reddish-brown, dusky above and at base beneath ; posterior coxae unarmed, pos¬
terior tarsi dusky ; first segment of abdomen honey-yellow, smooth and shining.
Length 3 lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, Illinois. Two 9 > three % specimens. The male speci¬
mens described above may not belong to this species.

I. fungor, ( =Alomya fungor Norton, MS.) — 'J, . Long, slender; head large,
transversely quadrate, densely punctured, thinly clothed with a fine whitish
pubescence, black, clypeus more or less ferruginous, the mandibles, except base
and apex, and the palpi, yellow; antennae long, filiform, fulvous, ferruginous or
brown-ferruginous; thorax closely punctured, thinly pubescent, black, shining,
immaculate, except scutellum, which sometimes has a reddish spot; occasion¬
ally the mesothorax and metathorax have rufous stains; metathorax densely
sculptured, thinly j^ubescent, the elevated lines sharply defined, the central
area quadrate or subquadrate, moderate ; tegulse generally pale yellow; wings
hyaline or subhyaline, areolet broad, 6-angular, nervures and stigma brown,
both more or less yellowish at base; legs slender, and including their coxae, ho¬
ney-yellow, the posterior coxae at base beneath, their tibiae at tips and most
of their tarsi are generally dusky; abdomen long and slender, especially at
base, entirely ferruginous or honey-yellow, the first segment only slightly di¬
lated at tip, which is smooth and shining, sometimes faintly aciculate; remain¬
ing segments shining and subpubescent. Length 4 — 5 lines.

Hab. — Ct., N. Y., Pa., Ills. Twenty % specimens.

I. hospitus.— 9- Robust, black; the anterior orbits and face tinged with ru¬
fous; antennae tricolored, the base ferruginous, middle yellowish-white, and
apex black; thorax flattened; scutellum yellow; tegulse ferruginous; wings
subhyaline, nervures and stigma luteous, areolet 5-angular; legs, including
their coxse, ferruginous, apex of posterior femora and of their tibiae black; ab¬
domen rufo-ferruginous, the fourth and following segments black. Length 31
lines.

'J, . More slender than the 9 > the face and clypeus yellowish-ferruginous,
with the sides of both yellow ; the antennse nearly as long as the body, subser-
rate, brown above, with a narrow fulvous annulus beyond the middle, beneath
entirely fulvous ; the posterior tibiae are dusky, with a yellowish-ferruginous
annulus near the base; the abdomen is narrow, parallel, with the fourth and
following segments brown-black. Length 4 lines.

Hab. — Canada, (Saunders.) One 9 > one % > specimens.

ICHNEUMONIDiE.

307

i

I citrifrons. — % . Small, black ; face, clypeus, spot on mandibles, and the pal¬
pi, lemon-yellow ; antennae rather long, filiform, fulvous, darker above; thorax
shining black; tegulse, spot before and another beneath, scutellum and post-
scutellum lemon-yellow; metathorax with sharply defined elevated lines and
a large quadrate central area; wings hyaline, iridescent, nervures pale, areolet
5-angular; legs, including the coxae, pale lemon-yellow, the four anterior coxae
and trochanters lemon-vellow beneath, apical half of posterior femora and tips
of their tibiae black ; tarsi yellowish ; abdomen blackish, the second and third,
and base of fourth segments pale ferruginous ; first segment bilineate, finely
aciculate; base of second segment deeply impressed on each side. Length 3 —
3J li nes.

Hab. — Connecticut, Pennsylvania. Two ^ specimens.

II trogiformis.— This will probably form a new genus. The 9 is uniformly
ferruginous, the antennae shorter than in 'J, , and the legs are entirely ferrugi¬
nous, with the tarsi not yellow as in the % . Eight , one 9 , specimens, from
New Jersey, Florida and Louisiana.

I. Lewisii. — This species varies considerably. The head, thorax above and
abdomen are sometimes ferruginous, with the thorax beneath and incisures be¬
tween the first, second and third segments of abdomen, black; sometimes the
metathorax is black, and the mesothorax and scutellum reddish-brown; the an¬
tennae are long and slender, tricolored — fulvous, yellow and black; the legs ful¬
vous, with the coxae black, and the base of the third abdominal segment has a
broad black band; one specimen has the body almost entirely blackish, the
head, scutellum, apex of second abdominal segment and the apical segments be¬
ing dull reddish; the wings are always uniformly dark fuscous, and more or
less violaceous. I. sandix is probably a variety of this species.

I. maius. — 9- Head black, narrowed beneath, palpi pale; antennae rather
long and slender, brown, with a white annulus about the middle; thorax black,
mesothorax and most of prothorax brown-ferruginous, the former shining and
depressed; scutellum obscure yellowish ; metathorax shining, rugulose, broad¬
ly excavated posteriorly, central area quadrate; wings hyaline, faintly yellow¬
ish, nervures and stigma brown; legs ferruginous; coxae, base of trochanters,
middle femora behind, most of posterior femora, and tips of their tibife, black;
abdomen broad, ovate, depressed, shining, rufo-ferruginous; petiole of first seg¬
ment slender, flat, polished, black; two apical segments above with a yellow
central spot; beneath yellowish. Length 5 lines.

Hab. — Massachusetts, (Mr. F. Stratton, May 17.) One 9 specimen.

I. fuscifrons.— This species varies by having the anterior orbits more or less
yellow, sometimes almost white; sometimes there is a yellow sutural line before
the wings; the legs are sometimes ferruginous, with the coxse spotted with yel¬
low; the abdomen is also sometimes ferruginous, with an obscure yellowish
spot on each side of second segment at tip. Three 9 specimens from Illinois.

I. disparilis. — 9 • Ferruginous, tinged with dusky ; upper anterior and a spot
on the posterior orbits, yellow; antennae stout, blackish-brown, with a yellow¬
ish annulus about the middle, between the middle and apex the joints are di¬
lated and flattened beneath ; incisures of the thorax and the region on each side
of scutellum blackish; tcgulae, short line before and another beneath, scutellum
and post-scutellum yellow; metathorax shining, confluently punctured, exca¬
vated behind, the lateral angles prominent, the elevated lines well defined, and
the central area smooth, subconical, emarginate behind; wings hyaline, ner-

308

E. T. CRESSON.

vures and stigma brown, areolet 5-angular ; legs stout, rather short, ferruginous,
the four anterior coxae and trochanters, and the posterior trochanters, more or
less yellowish, tips of posterior coxae, of their femora and of their tibiae black;
abdomen robust, convex, slender at base, shining, densely punctured, ferrugi¬
nous, the disk of the second and the following segments more or less fuscous;
basal segment dilated at tip, flattened above, shining, with a few punctures on
the apical margin ; an apical spot on each side of the second and third segments,
a central spot on the two apical segments, yellow. Length 5 lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, (Coll. Mr. E. Norton.; One 9 specimen. In consequence
of the structure of the antennae, this species may belong to the genus Joppa.

I. canadensis. — 9- Robust, black, shining, anterior orbits, above antennae ru¬
fous; antennae short, joints thick set, brown-black, with a broad white or yel¬
lowish annulus in the middle; scutellum flat, polished, bright lemon-yellow,
sometimes a spot of the same color on the post-scutellum ; metathorax more or
less distinctly obliquely aciculated, the central area large, quadrate, a dull ru¬
fous stain on each side in one specimen; tegulae brownish; wings uniformly
pale fusco-hyaline, posterior pair paler; legs black, two anterior pairs ferrugi¬
nous, their femora more or less black, their tibiae with a broad yellow band at
base, posterior femora black, their tibiae yellow, black at tip, their tarsi ferrugi¬
nous ; abdomen robust, ovate, ferruginous, third and fourth segments with a
black band at base, sometimes the second segment has a black spot on each side
at base ; first segment black at base, the tip often with a yellow dot on each side.
Length 4 — 5 lines.

Hab. — Canada, New York. Four 9 specimens.

I. ventralis. — 9- Small, robust, shining, black ; anterior orbits, apical mar¬
gin of clvpeus, spot beneath the eyes, most of mandibles, and the palpi, ferru¬
ginous; antennae stout, the joints very short and thick set, black, tip of the
third and the fourth to twelfth joints fulvous; mesothorax and metathorax
stained with dull ferruginous; scutellum very flat, polished, dull ferruginous;
metathorax densely sculptured, rugulose, with a large, square, central area, not
well defined; teguhe testaceous; wings subhyaline, iridescent, nervures and
stigma fulvous; legs robust, fulvous ; the coxae, basal half of trochanters, ante¬
rior femora behind, the four posterior femora, except extreme base and apex,
and tips of posterior tibiae, black ; abdomen oblong-ovate, robust, fulvous, base
of first segment, lateral margin of second at base, basal margin of third, and the
fourth and fifth segments entirely, black; apical segments fusco-ferruginous ;
venter whitish, second to fourth segments with a black spot on each side, the
two following segments with a broad black band; apex fuscous. Length 4 lines.

Hab. — Hudson’s Bay Territory. (Coll. Mr. E. Norton.) One 9 specimen.

I. signatipes. — 9 • Black, robust ; antennae moderately long, stout to the apex,
the joints short, thick set, black, reddish at base beneath, a narrow whitish or
yellowish annulus about the middle; head robust, not narrowed beneath, more
or less varied with reddish; thorax black, depressed ; tegulae, sutural line be¬
fore and spot beneath, ferruginous, sometimes yellowish; mesothorax some¬
times tinged with ferruginous; scutellum flat, polished, yellow; metathorax
densely punctured, the elevated lines well defined, but not sharp, the central
area quadrate or subquadrate; wings subhvaline; legs short and robust, four
anterior coxae red or brown, the posterior pair black; femora swollen, rufous,
the posterior pair more or less black at tips; tibiae ferruginous or dusky, with a
yellow spot near the base; tarsi dusky; abdomen robust, convex, ovate, rufous

ICIINEUMONIDyE.

309

or ferruginous, immaculate, the extreme base of the first segment semetimes
blackish. Length 4£ — 5 lines.

Hah. — Connecticut, Pennsylvania. Seven 9 specimens. Closely allied to
canadensis, but differs principally by the immaculate abdomen, that of canaden¬
sis being banded with black.

I. anceps. — % 9- Elongate, narrow, subeylindric. polished, fulvo-ferruginous;
head rather small, not narrowed beneath; an ten use slender, convolute, black¬
ish, fulvous at base, a broad white annulus about the middle : space around the
scutellum and the sutures of the thorax beneath, black; scutellum slightly
convex, polished, bright lemon-yellow ; metathorax feebly sculptured, the cen¬
tral area large, subquadrate, polished, the elevated lines not well defined; tegu-
las pale honey-yellow; wings hyaline or yellowish, nervures fulvous, areolet
rather large, 5-angular; legs moderate, four anterior coxse pale beneath; tips
of posterior femora, and of their tibiae, black; abdomen long, almost cylindri¬
cal, the tip more or less compresed, highly polished; first segment slender at
base, swollen and convex at tip, arcuate; apical segment with a yellow spot,
sometimes obscure ; in one specimen the apical segments are more or less stain¬
ed with blackish ; venter yellowish. Length 6— lines.

Iiab.— -Connecticut, Delaware. Five specimens. Remarkable for the shape of
the abdomen being like that of some species of Exetastes,

I. duplicatus, varies much in the color of the posterior legs which are
sometimes mostly black, but generally the femora are entirely fulvous, occa¬
sionally with the tips blackish; their tibiae are generally dusky, with the ba¬
sal half yellowish; the coxse vary from almost entirely black to almost entirely
yellow or whitish, generally of the latter color, with an exterior black mark.
Numerous 'J, specimens.

I. W album. — This is very closely allied to duplicatus, Say, but the'J, is larger,
more elongate and slender, the head broader, the legs more slender and the ab¬
dominal segments proportionately longer and narrower. The second and fol¬
lowing segments are sometimes much stained or spotted with blackish or fus¬
cous, generally the second and third segments have a fuscous spot on each side
before the middle; some examples have all the segments, except the first, en¬
tirely fulvous, immaculate. The posterior legs pale fulvous, with the coxse and
trochanters white, spotted above with black. The markings of the head and
thorax are almost exactly like those of duplicatus. The 9 is much more robust
than the 'J, , but is similarly colored, except the head, which is black, with the
anterior orbits, generally interrupted on each side of antennse, a spot on middle
of face and more or less of the clypeus, either yellow or ferruginous; the an¬
tennse are short and stout, black, reddish at base beneath, and with a whith an¬
nulus in the middle; the pleura is often without any spots; the legs are short
and robust, fulvous, the coxse and trochanters whitish, the posterior coxse marked
with black as in the b j the abdomen is oblong-ovate, depressed, shining; the
first segment smooth and shining at tip, which is margined with yellow; some¬
times this segment varies from fulvous to blaek; second and third segments
sometimes with a brown stain on each side as in the . Length 9 > — 7 lines;

% , 6 — 8 lines. Six 9 eighteen 'J, specimens, from Mass., Ct., N. Y., N. J., Pa.,
Del., Md., D. C.

I. lascivus.— % . Head black, the orbits, very broad on the cheeks, the face,
except a triangular black mark on the middle, the clypeus, except a central
black stripe, the mandibles, except tips, and the jjalpi, white; antennse long,

310

E. T. CRESSON.

slender, black, with a yellow annulus about the middle, the basal joint beneath
white ; thorax black, upper and lower margins of prothorax, two central, longi¬
tudinal lines on mcsothorax, two spots on tegulae, scutellum and post-scutel-
lum, white; a large white mark on each side of pleura, bearing two oblique
black lines : metathorax with two spots behind, and one on each extreme side,
white; wings hyaline, nervures black, areolet triangular, slightly oblique; legs
fulvous, the four anterior coxae and trochanters white; posterior coxae and tro¬
chanters black, the former with a large mark above, and their apex beneath,
white; tips of tarsi dusky; abdomen fulvous, tinged with dusky at base; first
segment biearinate, black at base and apex, the latter with three white spots:
second, third and fourth segments with a lateral white spot at tip; beneath ful¬
vous. Length 41 lines.

Hab. — Illinois, (Dr. Lewis). One specimen.

I. honestus. — % . Head white, two spots behind insertion of antennae, spot on
vertex covering ocelli, and the occiput, black; antennae long, more slender at
tips, subserrate, black, with a broad yellowish annulus beyond the middle, be¬
neath the basal half is fulvous, and the apical half yellow and dusky, the basal
joint beneath whitish; thorax black, margins of the prothorax, two longitudi¬
nal lines on mesothorax, two dots on posterior margin, tegulse, scutellum, post-
scutellum, metathorax, except base and sides, line beneath each anterior wing,
and the pleura, except upper margins and spot in front of each middle coxa, all
white; wings hyaline, faintly tinged with yellowish before the apex; legs ho¬
ney-yellow, coxae and trochanters white, the posterior pair with an exterior
black mark, tarsi yellowish, tips of posterior femora within, and tips of their ti¬
biae dusky; abdomen elongate, narrow, subdepressed, honey -yellow, darker at
apex : apical margin of the four basal segments and the apical segment entirely,
yellowish-white, the margin on the second, third and fourth segments dilated
on each side. Length 5 lines.

Hab. — West Virginia, (Jas. Ridings). One ^ specimen. A prettily marked
species.

I. uxorius. — 9 . Robust, black ; head large, slightly narrowed beneath, eyes
prominent; orbits, very broad on the cheeks, face, clypeus, mandibles and pal¬
pi, white; antennae long, convolute at apex, black, with a broad white annulus
beyond the middle; collar, a large mark on each side of prothorax above, double
spot on middle of mesothorax, a spot on each side behind near base of scutellum,
line beneath each anterior wing, scutellum, except base, post-scutellum, most
of pleura on sides and beneath, a large round spot on each extreme side of me¬
tathorax and the posterior excavation, all white; metathorax transversely ru¬
gose, the elevated lines sharply defined, the central area large and subquadrate,
and the posterior angles produced into a blunt spine; wings hyaline, areolet
smaller than usual and triangular ; legs honey-yellow, the four anterior coxae
and trochanters and base of posterior trochanters behind, white; abdomen un¬
usually short, ovate, polished, fusco-ferruginous above, the basal segment black¬
ish at tip above; beneath dull honey-yellow. Length 6 lines.

Hab. — Cuba, (Coll. Dr. J. Gundlaeh, No. 30.) One 9 specimen.’ May possibly
be the 9 °f serricornis.

I. scitulus. — This is an exceedingly variable species. The antennae have the
annulus sometimes very broad, sometimes subobsolete; the thorax often more
or less varied with ferruginous; the metathorax varies from black spotted with
yellow, to entirely ferruginous or yellow ; the pleura often varied with yellow;

ICIINETJM0NTD2E.

311

the posterior coxse and femora are always more or less black, and the abdomen
varies from entirely honey-yellow to ferruginous banded with black. Length
2£ — 44 lines. I. pectoralis seems to be closely allied to this species, differing
principally in the colors of the posterior legs. Say must have meant that the
pleura has a large yellow spot between the anterior and intermediate legs, in¬
stead of the “intermediate and posterior” pair, the four posterior coxse being
nearly or quite contiguous.

I. faeetus. — Head whitish, vertex and back of occiput black; antennae
long, slender, blackish above, with a broad white or yellowish annulus beyond
the middle, the basal half beneath whitish ; pectus and pleura white or whitish ;
prothorax more or less white, sometimes honey-yellow and black, margined
with white; mesothorax varies from entirely honey-yellow to entirely black,
sometimes there are two faint, pale, longitudinal lines in the middle, and some¬
times two short white lines or a square white spot on the disk; tegulae, scu-
tellurn and post-scutellum white or yellowish-white ; inetathorax whitish, vari¬
ed with honey-yellow at base, sometimes entirely honey-yellow ; wings hyaline,
iridescent ; legs pale honey yellow, the four anterior coxse and trochanters and
posterior pair beneath white, tarsi pale yellowish; abdomen narrow, shining,
entirely honey-yellow; first segment slender, smooth and jmlished, the extreme
tip sometimes pale yellow. Length 4 — 4^ lines.

Hab. West Virginia, (Ridings.) Fifteen specimens.

I. utilis- — % . Pale honey-yellow; head broad, short, black or brown; face,cly-
peus, mandibles and palpi yellow; an ten nee long, filiform, honey-yellow, dusky
above, basal joint yellow beneath; sutures of the thorax blackish; tegulee, sutural
line before the wings and a short line beneath, anterior margin of prothorax,
scutellum and the post-scutellum. yellow; metathorax sometimes tinged with
yellow behind; wings subhyaline, nervures and stigma honey-yellow, areolet
subtriangular ; legs honey-yellow, the four anterior coxse and trochanters pale
yellow ; abdomen entirely pale honey-yellow, first segment slender, slightly
swollen at tip which is clearly and finely punctured and shining. Length 4
lines.

Hab. — Mass., (Ridings) ; Conn., (Norton). — This is a parasite on the Canker-
worm, and is closely allied to faeetus.

I. tumidifrons. — J. Small, stout; head black, face protuberant (but not so
much as in Exochus ), ferruginous, clypeus and mandibles also ferruginous ; an¬
tennae short, stout, convolute, joints short and thick, basal joint large, subglo-
bose, basal third ferruginous, middle yellowish-white and apical third black,
thorax ferruginous, pleura beneath, the spaces on each side of scutellum, and
the metathorax entirely, black; scutellum pale yellow, the post-scutellum
tinged with ferruginous; metathorax punctured, shining, central area large,
elongate-subquadrate, not well defined; tegulee honey-yellow; wings subhya¬
line, iridescent, nervures pale brown, stigma honey-yellow, areolet broad, 5-an-
gular; legs robust, ferruginous, including their coxse; most of the posterior le-
mora and tips of their ti biae, biacn; abdomen broad, depressed, pale ferrugi¬
nous, apex of fourth segment and the remaining segments black; apical seg¬
ment with a central yellow spot. Length 2i lines.

Hab. — Illinois, (Dr. Lewis.) One J specimen. The protuberant face resem¬
bles that of the genus Exochus, but the antennse are convolute and the areolet
of the anterior wing is 5-angular and complete. In some specimens of this spe¬
cies the color of the thorax may vary from entirely ferruginous to entirely
black, as with annulipes.

312

E. T. CRESSON.

I. quadriceps. — 9- Elongate, narrow, subcvlindrie ; honey-yellow ; head
large, quadrate, or somewhat subglobose, deeply emarginate behind, entirely
black, polished; antennae short, thickened at tip, the joints short, the basal
third fulvous, the rest black, with a broad yellow annulus about the middle;
thorax long, narrowed anteriorly, the region about the scutellum blackish ; me¬
tathorax long, feebly sculptured, with a long central area; wings short and nar¬
row, hyaline, iridescent, areolet broad, 5-angular, nearly quadrate, nervures
brown ; legs short and stout, honey-yellow, the four posterior femora, except
base, and their tibiae entirely black; abdomen subcylindric, thickened towards
the apex, first segment smooth above, gradually dilated to the tip; the fifth and
following segments black. Length 3£ lines.

'J, . Colored like the 9> but the antennae are much longer, filiform, fulvous,
dusky above and at tips beneath ; only the tips of the middle femora and tibiae
are black, and the abdomen has the sixth and following segments black.

1 lab. — Canada, Connecticut. One 9> one 1i> > specimens. This has much the
appearance of an Aloviya.

I. helvus. — 9- Ferruginous, very densely punctured, slightly pubescent;
head broad, transversely quadrate, eyes small, mandibles brownish; antennae
short, with short, thick-set joints, apical joints blackish; mesothorax, scutellum
and base of metathorax shining; scutellar region sometimes blackish; tegulaj
yellowish; wings shorter than usual, subhyaline, tinged with pale fuscous, ner¬
vures and stigma brown, areolet broad, 5-angular; legs rather slender, entirely
ferruginous; abdomen elongate, depressed, shining, slender at base, the first,
segment not suddenly dilated at tip, the upper surface of which is very finely
aciculate. Length 3 — 3$ lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Illinois. Fourteen 9 specimens.

I. helvolus. — ■ 9- Elongate, narrow, ferruginous, somewhat shining, very deli¬
cately sculptured ; eyes smaller than usual; antennae moderate, dusky, with a
narrow whitish annulus about the middle, basal joints ferruginous, short, not
so thick set as in helvus; scutellum polished, the region on each side more or
less blackish; metathorax with the elevated lines indistinctly defined; tegulae
pale; wings shorter than usual, subhyaline, nervures pale, areolet broad, 5-an- '
gular ; legs stout, tins of posterior femora and of their tibiae dusky, posterior
coxae with a short, blunt tubercle beneath near the tip ; abdomen elongate, sub¬
cylindric, subeonvex, first segment convex at tip, smooth and shining; the two
or three apical segments blackish. Length 3 — 3J lines.

Hab. — Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Illinois. Four 9 specimens. Closely al¬
lied to vincibilis, but has the joints of the antennae shorter, the legs stouter and
the posterior coxae armed beneath; the abdomen is differently formed.

I. vincibilis.— 9 • Small, ferruginous, head large subquadrate ; antennae rather
long, filiform, dull ferruginous, the incisures of the joints dusky, a narrow yel¬
lowish annulus a little beyond the middle, joints three and four long, subequal,
five — seven a little shorter; metathorax with an elongate central area; tegulaa
whitish; wings shorter than usual, subhyaline, iridescent, nervures pale, areo¬
let 5-angular; legs slender, entirely pale ferruginous, tips of tarsi dusky; abdo¬
men elongate, slender at base, broadest a little before the apex; first segment
minutely aciculate at tip; three apical segments black, shining, sometimes the
fourth segment is more or less blackish. Length 3 lines.

Hab. — Illinois, (Dr. Lewis.) Two 9 specimens.

ON GF.OTRUPES.

313

GEOTRUPES OF BOREAL AMERICA.

BY GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

[Communicated December 9th, 1867.]

My attention was directed to this well known genus by the elabo¬
rate monograph of II. Jekel, published a short time since in the An¬
nals of the Entomological Society of France (Series IV, Vol. V, pp.
513 et seq), in which all the species known to him have been more
fully described, and characters for their subgeneric division more fully
detailed than in any preceding work. Many new distinctions have
been pointed out, which, though subject to some and even important
variation, are none the less useful in enabling the establishment of a
certain number of groups around which, with a large series, all the
aberrant forms may be readily arranged.

As regards our own species, the characters given for their subgene¬
ric division have long been known, though never published by any
American entomologists, still to Jekel must be given the credit of so
elaborating his observations as to make the study of this genus a mat¬
ter of easy accomplishment.

In no other genus has tradition so completely controlled specific
names as in this, and specimens have been scattered over our own and
foreign countries with names far from correct, while under a single
name, individuals of different species have been found associated with
no other points of resemblance save that of color.

The names of Mr. Say have become purely traditional, as his typi¬
cal collection has been totally destroyed and but few if any specimens
named by him remain. With this fact before us it appears proper,
with the able work of Jekel, to fix definitely the names of Say and
others, so that in future, trouble may be avoided. The determination
of our own species in this work has been a matter of special argument,
and, though all American cabinets will be thrown into confusion, it is
none the less proper that these determinations should be adopted.*

* The species formerly known in our cabinets as Blackburnii, will be fouud
in the subsequent pages as semiopacus, while the former name is applied to that
known as excrementi. As the change affects our most prominent species, it
would be well for those who may be interested in the matter, to refer to the
work of Jekel, where the reasons for the change will be found.

(40) JANUARY, 1868.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

814

GEO. H. HORN, M. T>.

Our species may be divided into four subgeneric groups, character¬
ized as follows : —

Thorax dissimilar anteriorly in the two sexes.

Elytra connate; body apterous, metasternum short . Mycotrupes Lee.

Thorax similar % 9: elytra free.

Antennae with the second joint of club normal. Apical
tooth of anterior tibia prolonged internally in % ,
simple 9 •

Middle tarsus £, short, thick . Onychotrupes Jekel.

Middle tarsus $ normal . Cnemotrupes Jekel.

Antennae with the second joint of club truncate or
emargina'e, so as to be hidden at some point when
the club is closed.

Apical tooth of anterior tibia similar £ 9 . ..Anoplotrupes Jekel.

Mycotrupes Lee.

This subgenus forms a very natural transition between the two
('helot rupes Jekel and Tliorectes Mulsant, agreeing with both in the
connate elytra and short metasternum, though differing from either
in the form of the thorax. In the male the thorax has a broad trans¬
verse excavation, the females have a very well marked longitudinal
grove with a shallow excavation on each side. The thorax is strongly
sinuous at base and without margin. The head of the male is strong¬
ly tuberculate, and in one specimen prolonged into a horn. The ely¬
tra are not striate but ornamented with small granules in a manner
similar to some of our species of Oanthon. The anterior tibia has the
apical tooth prolonged internally £ ; the middle tarsus is normal £ 9 >
though longer in the £ .

But one species is known in this group, returns Lee. (Proc. Acad.
1866, p. 881,) long known under the same name, though unpublished,
by MacLeay, and distributed in some European collections by Major
Lecpnte as fungivorus. It was unknown to Jekel, who thought it
might possibly be synonymous with the opacus of Hal deman. It may
be readily distinguished from any other Geotrupes by the characters
above given, and the more easily from our own species by its short
metasternum and connate elytra. It is found in our southern states
feeding in fungi or under dried animal matter.

Onychotrupes Jekel.

Several of our largest and most prominent species enter into this
subgenus. It is characterized by a great thickening of the middle
tarsus. The first four joints are shorter than broad (£ ), the last be-
very thick, with the two claws also much thickened and suddenly re-

ON GEOTRUPES.

315

curved, extending as far back as the third and even second joint. In
the females the same tarsi are thickened, less so however than in the
males. The internal apical spine of the middle tibia equals in length
the first four joints of the tarsus, in both sexes.

This subgenus has been divided into two groups, 1st, bead tubercu-
late, thorax margined posteriorly, 2nd, head not tuberculate, thorax
without posterior margin. These characters are subject to great varia¬
tion. though in the first group the head is never so smooth and the
margin so nearly absent in any one specimen as to require its position
in the second group In the second group, though the thorax may
have a distinct margin behind, the head is never tuberculate. The
posterior thoracic margin is defined by a well marked line, and the
thorax is said to be immarginate when this line is absent or re¬
placed by a few distant punctures only. Individuals occur in semi-
opacus in which the margin is quite distinct. These two groups have
a different appearance. The first more or less metallic or shining, the
strife punctured in a greater or less degree. The second group con¬
tains species more or less opaque, with the dorsal strife entirely im-
punctured.

In the first group Jekel mentions three species as occuring in our
territory, splendid us Fab., Stark ii Jekel, miaropharjus (Say) Jekel,
in the second , seminpacus Jekel and Melsheimeri Jekel; one other in
each group is mentioned as possibly occurring in our territory.

With splendid us Fab. as a starting point in the first group, the other
two species will be compared and their value determined.

G. splendidus Fab. — In every collection I have examined, this spe-
ies has been found with the correct name, though as varieties of the
same were to be found several of the other species whose color hap¬
pened to be more brilliant than common. When of typical form and
color, there can be no trouble in recognizing this species, though it
varies in color through all the shades from brilliant metallic green to
a dark bronze, and in size from .46 to .68 inch.*

Before considering the varieties of splendidus. better results would
be produced by reviewing the differences between it and miaropharjus
Jekel.

G. miarophagus is defined as a “ very large splendidus . of which the
color above is violet or purple, sometimes bronze, generally moderately
brilliant but not metallic, always darker and duller beueath.” The

* These and all subsequent measurements will be considered as having been
made from the anterior thoracic margin to the apex of the elytra.

316

GEO. II. HORN, M. D.

remainder of the description affords nothing more definite. In fact,
it is said to be merely a little broader and more massive, and with ra¬
ther less convex elytra. In a small series or from a series collected in
two remote portions of our country, individuals will be found capable
of definition as veritable miarophac/us. In large series, however, these
vanish and varieties of all shades of color and almost every degree of
convexity appear. I cannot but consider this species a variety of
splendidus^ inseparable by any well defined characters.

Sfarkii, which Jekel places between the two above mentioned, will
be considered hereafter. It does not belong to the group, in my opin¬
ion, and reasons will be given when the Anoplotrupes are considered.

The races may be defined as follows : —

a. splendidus, brilliant metallic green, very shining. Elytra deeply striate,
with well defined, erenate punctures ; interstices very convex.
fl. miarophagus, violet, purple or aeneous, not metallic. Elytra striate, punc¬
tures scarcely erenate; interstices moderately convex,
y. mixtus (Harris in coll. Leconte), purple, bronze, almost black, less shin¬
ing than either the above forms, rather larger and more ro¬
bust. Elytra faintly striate, punctures small, not erenate;
interstices fiat, scarcely elevated.

In the largo series at my disposal, specimens can be arranged in a
circle without the possibility of defining distinct species, though the
differences between a typical splendidus and a nearly smooth mixtus
are very great.

The second group of this subgenus is represented in the Monograph
of Jekel by two species in our territories, semiupacus and Melsheimeri.
Semiopacus Jekel has been distributed through the cabinets of this
country under the name Blue/churnii, and has been known as such in
all our collections of reference, To Jekel is due the credit of recog¬
nizing the true species of Fabricius, and placing our most common
species under a separate name. It may be readily known by the ab¬
sence to a greater or less degree of the marginal line at the base of the
thorax, the smooth, unarmed head, with striate elytra, strire not punc¬
tate, interstices Hat, smooth. Specimens occasionally occur in which
the marginal line at base of thorax is complete, though never so well
marked as in the most poorly-marked species of the preceding group.
Melsheimeri differs too slightly from semiopacus to be considered dis¬
tinct. Specimens agreeing in all particulars with his description are
before me, and as his specimen was a female (by far the most variable
sex in all the species), I have less hesitancy in uniting them.

ON OEOTRUPES.

317

Cnemotrupes Jekel.

Tn this subgenus the middle tarsi are normal in both sexes. The
joints are more or less cylindrical, aud much longer than broad ; the
first three joints equal the longest spur of the same tibia. The claws
are less thickened than in the preceding group, and not abruptly re¬
curved upon the tarsal joints.*

The species of temperate and intertropical America form two groups,
best defined by the form of the anterior coxae and the sinuosity of the
posterior thoracic margin.

Those of our own country are again divided into two sub-groups.
Tn the first the spine of the anterior tibia of the male is short and ro¬
bust, not equaling half the length of the external apical tooth. In
the second group the spine is slender as in the female, nearly equaling
the length of the external apical tooth. To the first division belong
Blackburnii Fab. and conicollis Jekel.

The former is our smallest species, and varies considerably in every
particular, though at all times preserving the characters of the subge¬
nus and group to which it belongs. A form occurs, rather abundantly,
in which the thorax is much more convex longitudinally and trans¬
versely, the elytra are also rather more convex. It has considerable re¬
semblance to a small bronzed miarophagus ; as a variety I would pro¬
pose the name Jekel a. The elytra are also more deeply striate and
punctured than in the typical form. It cannot be regarded as a dis¬
tinct species, numerous individuals show a variation towards the origi¬
nal type.

Conicollis Jekel has not been seen by me. It appears distinct from
Bluckhurnii. Its name suggests the only important difference between
it and the preceding species. In order that it may be recognized if
found, the original description is inserted : —

‘• Cojjicoi.us Jekel. Ovatus, supra seneo-brunneus, infra subviolaceo-piceus,
epipleuris angustis violaceis; antennis rufis clava fulva; clypeo semi-cireulari
marginato tuberculo obtuso : thorace longiore et angustiore, subconico, lateri-
bus baud rotundato nee ampliato, dorso obsolete laxe— lateribus evidenter sat
dense — punctato, cum foveola parum impressa punctulata; scutello transverso
subtriangulari; elytris mox ultra medium subparallelis, apice latius subtrun-

* Care should be used in the determination of the specific names of females.
The comparative length of the spur and tarsal joints, though readily perceived,
may at times cause erroneous results, as from various accidental circumstances
the spur may be broken, or the tarsus itself may be thicker than usual. It is
therefore better to consider, at the same time, the relative breadth and length
of the joints.

318

GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

cato-rotundatis, striis punctatis angustis, interstitiis tenuiter concinneque trans-
versim rugulosis. — Long. 13; lat. 8 mill.,

The second group is again divided into polished species with deeply
striate elytra and with a yellow antennal club, and those which are
opaque, elytra finely striate and antennal club sooty.

Eqeriei Germar and Lecontei Jekel constitute the first sub-group.

Eyerie) has the elytra deeply sculptured and deeply crenato-punc-
tate, forming in this respect the most rugose of our species. In the
typical forms the epistome is rounded, in the females it is frequently
more prolonged and becomes almost triangular, forming the species Le-
contei , itself founded on a unique female. A well defined scries before
me, gathered from all parts of our country, show the elongation of the
epistome to be merely an accident or variation and not by any means a
permanent character. The females more particularly are subject to
this variation. In fact, among all the specimens at my disposal I am
unable to find a single male with this and other characters sufficiently
marked to enable it to enter this variety. Eyeriei has been known in
some cabinets, native as well as foreign, as exaratus Dej.

The second sub-group contains Haldemani , opacus and Chevrolati.
In regard to the first species Jekel has been singularly unfortunate, as
Haldeman’s type corresponds exactly with his description of I laid e-
mani. Specimens from Texas are large and robust, and much more
convex than those from more northern regions. Haldemani and Ohev-
rolati have both been founded on unique specimens, and though I
have seen representatives of each in a series, it is impossible to tell
where one begins and the other ends.

Anoplotrupes Jekel.

The Geotrupes of this subgenus are characterized by a truncation of
the second joint of the antennal club, and by the absence of any sexu¬
al difterenee in the apical tooth of the anterior tibia. Our American
species have also a rather broad margin to the elytra, particularly at
the basal third, similar to that seen in many species of the group Phe-
lutrupes , and in the European Anoplotrupes syloaticus and Sterno-
trupes verualis. The thorax has a slight dorsal sulcus, and the scutel-
lum is also sulcate.

Among the numerous specimens of this subgenus now before me,
considerable variation exists in the degree of emargination of the se¬
cond joint of the club. In one large specimen of si/nilis Jekel the joint
is deeply notched so as to appear reniform. From this we have every
degree of degradation. Many specimens show simply an oblique trun-

ON GEOTRUPES.

319

cation of the joint, others again without any truncation or emargina-
tion, but a thinning of the edge so that the other joints, which are al¬
ways thicker in this instance, readily conceal a portion of the edge.
Specimens in my possession show in one antenna a slight truncation,
in the other a normal condition of the second joint of the club, similar
indeed to that seen in the other great sub-division of the genus.

Specimens agreeing in all particulars with the description of Ouy-
chotrupes Stnrlcii Jekel are before me, which, it appears to me should
enter into this subgenus, notwithstanding the absence of the characteris¬
tic cmargination of the second joint of the antennal club. In no other
of our species do we find anything approaching the margining of the
elytra seen in this group. The fact of the resemblance of this species
to his Balyi has been noticed by Jekel. A singular fact in connection
with this species, is that it, also, was founded on females (?), as the
measurements given refer to that sex alone, at the same time mention¬
ing that the species was not rare in European cabinets. I was equally
unfortunate in recognizing males referable to the subgenus Onychatru-
pes, in a comparatively large series gathered indiscriminately from all
parts of our country. With this fact before me, and with the known
variation of the degree of emargination of the club, the number of
tibial ridges, and with the margining of the elytra, no other course
could be pursued than that taken in the preceding part of this para¬
graph. In external appearance, Starhii cannot be distinguished from
Balyi.

In regard to the characters separating Balyi and si mil is it can only
be said that thejr are among the most evanescent of those used for de¬
fining species. The variation of the tibial ridges has been noticed in
Blackburnii, and the same variation is seen in the species of this group.
Specimens are before me with three well defined ridges, and as the
specimens become smaller and the antennal emargination vanishes, the
third ridge grows less, until a small tubercle remains on the line with
the others which are normally above it.

I cannot therefore but consider all these as merely races of one spe¬
cies, and unite them under one specific name in the following order: —
Anoplotrupes Balyi Jekel.

Far. a, similis Jekel. — Posterior tibia tricarinate. Second joint of anten¬
nal club emarginate.

Far. P, Balyi Jekel. — Posterior tibia bicarinate. Second joint of antennal
club emarginate or obliquely truncate.

Var. y, Starkii Jekel. — Posterior tibia bicarinate. Second joint of anten¬
nal club normal or but slightly truncate.

320

GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

I have the less hesitation in uniting these species as individuals in
number are before me from the same localities from which the speci¬
mens of Jekel were obtained ; while in determining the synonymy of
all the species, specimens have been sought from all parts of our
country, and have been studied individually.

The species of the genus Geotrupes , proper to Boreal America, may
be arranged in the following manner, with only such synonyms given
as rest on published descriptions, to which reference will be made.

GEOTRUPES Latr.

Mycotrupes Lee.

G. retusus Lee. Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 381.

Onychotrupes Jekel.

G. splendidus Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 18, No. 63.

Var. miarophagus Jekel, Monog. loe. cit. p. 611.

Var. mixtus Horn, supra.

G. semiopacus Jekel, Monog. 1. c. p. 612.

Var. Melsheimeri Jekel, Monog. 1. c. p. 613.

Cnemotrupes Jekel.

G. Egeriei Germ. Ins. Spec. I. p. 114.

Var. 9 Lecontei Jekel, Monog. 1. c. p. 592.

G. opacus Hald. Proc. Aead. 1S53, p. 362.

Var. Haldemani Jekel, Monog. 1. e. p. 593.

Var. Chevrolati Jekel, Monog. 1. e. p. 595.

G. Blackburnii Fab. Spec. Insect. I, p. 20, No. 85.
excrementi Say, Journ. Acad, iii, p. 210.

Var. Jekel ii Horn, supra.

G. conicollis Jekel, Monog. 1. c. p. 591. (Not known to me.)

ANorLOTRUPES Jekel.

G. Balyi Jekel, Monog. 1. c. p. 617.

Var. similis Jekel, Monog. 1. c. p. 617.

Var. Starkii Jekel, Monog. 1. c.p. 609.

In order to render the preceding paper more easy of study, the au¬
thor has had the following cuts prepared, rather as diagrams however
than as exact illustrations. The species of Geotrupes are so common
everywhere during the summer months, that with but little trouble a
good scries may be collected during a single season. As there does

Trans Ajuer Ent. Soc Vol I

Plate V

Drawn "by Mary Peart.

EIMENTTIS PROSERPINA 6

Boweni C° litii Phil5

ON GEOTRUPES.

321

not exist a good series in the collection of any one person or Society,
it would be well for observers to turn their attention to a matter long
since neglected by the older collectors among us, while novices for the
most part care but little for investigation in material so unattractive as
that forming the natural habitat of these insects.

( sr £

Fig. 1 represents the form of antennal club called normal. The
joints are all visible when the club is closed, there is no thinning of
the edge nor emargination at any part. A lateral or end
view shows the margins of all the joints. Their outline is
' C. ) elongated oval, and as seen by the illustration arranged ec¬
centrically. The outer joint has in many specimens two grooves ob¬
lique to each other, sometimes uniting in a form resembling V.

Fig. 2 affords an illustration of the abnormal antenna as seen in our
species of Anoplotrupes. The second joint, in most of the specimens,
shows a distinct emargination, in fact being reniform in outline. The
r.\ rA outer joints are more or less thickened at a point cor-

\ S' _ " - responding to the emargination, so that when the club

2 Q3Q is closed its form is preserved, and the touching of the

first and third causes the hiding of the intermediate joint at the point
of emargination. As stated in the body of the paper, this character
is subject to some variation. Fig. 3 will serve to give an idea of the
forms assumed, the spot in each being the point of articulation.

Accompanying this character will be found another in a different
organ of the body. Fig. 11 shows the lateral margin of the elytra.'
The dotted line is the last stria extending in a very nearly straight
line from the humerus to the apex. Beneath this line is another some¬
what sinuous, this is the true elytral margin. Near the humerus a
wide space can be seen. This is smooth, not striate, and but
sparsely punctured. The margin thus formed between the
last stria and elytral edge appears more or less constant in
those species in which there is no sexual distinction in the apical tooth
of the anterior tibia, and is consequently found in no other North
American species save those of the subgenus A,noplofriipes. Fig. 12
shows the nearest approach to it in Egeriei.

The thickening of the middle tarsus in the group Onychotrupes, is
shown in Fig. 4, which illustrates the middle tarsus of the male,
^ ^ either of splenduhis or semiopacus. The spur of the tibia is

much longer than the first four joints. The claws are much
thickened and rather suddenly recurved.

TKA.NS. AMER. ENT. SOC. (41) JANUARY, 1868.

322

GEO. H. HORN. M. D.

Fig. 5 is that of the same tarsus of the female. The joints are
broader than long, being in fact so short that the tibial spur equals
and even exceeds the length of the first four joints.

' ^ y e f Among the Cnemotrupes the joints as shown in fig.

. 'T~ 6 are normal, being cylindrical and of such a length

7 ^ that the first three generally equal and exceed the

length of the longest spur of the same tibia. Fig. 7
shows both spurs; the shorter being slightly curved. In both groups,
Cnemotrupes and Onychotrupes. the long spur of the middle tibia (in
9 ) appears to be equal in length. The disparity between it and the
tarsus being solely dependant on the shortening of the latter, and not
upon any greater development of the spur in either case.

In the two groups above mentioned (as well as in Mycotrupes ), the
anterior tibia affords evidence of sex. Figs. 8 and 9 represent the
form assumed in the males. The apical tooth will be seen to be pro¬
duced inwards and emarginate at tip. The spur also varies in length
and thickness, as will be seen iu the two figures given, in one (8) short
V, io robust, scarcely equaling the half of the length of the
, \ apical tooth. Iu the other (9) it is much longer and
more slender, being, in fact, as iu the female. The
anterior tibiae of the females of all the groups resemble each other,
and fig. 10 may represent that sex in each group. On the under
surface of the tibia, running its whole length nearly, may be seen
an elevated line, more or less denticulate or serrate, varying somewhat
in each species, though not sufficiently in our own to be of much
use in classification. In some Fast Indian species this line is elevated
(in S ) into several large hook-like teeth.

In figs. 13 and 14 will be found an illustration
of the posterior marginal line of the thorax, more or less continuous
across the whole border, broadly interrupted in semiopacus ( 13 ),
continuous and well marked in sp/endidus, Egcriei etc. (14).

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

323

DESCRIPTIONS OF AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.— NO. 3.

BY A. R. GROTE and C. T. ROBINSON.

Family LYCAENIDAE.

THECLA, Fabr.

Thecla inorata, n. sp.

Thecla falacer + Bdv. A Lee. (not Goctt.), Tlate 29. (1833.)

Male. — Allied to Thecla lorata, G . & R. Head, black, eyes circled
narrowly with white ; antennae, black, annulate with white, the club
black. Body, above, black ; the abdomen is whitish beneath. Legs,
black, dotted with white ; the longer scales are bluish grey.

Upper surface of wings of a uniform black or blackish, with a sub¬
dued brassy green reflection, which becomes prominent in certain
lights, and is especially visible on the secondaries. An ovate paler
sexual spot on the disc of primaries. Secondaries with two very un¬
equal tails, the lower the longer, edged with white. Base of the
fringes, from anal angle to the lower tail, white and at this place is
a narrow white terminal line. Between the tails, the fringes, which
elsewhere are dark, are tipped with white.

Under surface somewhat paler than upper, brownish-black, with a
slight reflection. Two short whitish lines on the disc of primaries,
shaded inwardly with blackish. Beyond, an interrupted, extra discal,
semilunated, bluish white line, preceded by a band of interspaceal dark
shadings, of which the line forms the outer margin; the inner margin
of this band is also formed by pale scales, but these are usually im-
prominent. An arcuate, incomplete, subterminal, bluish white line,
edged outwardly by blackish scales. A narrow, dark, terminal shade
on the margin. Secondaries with two short whitish lines on the disc,
as on primaries, but here the lines are longer. An extra discal band
formed by dark interspaceal shades, and edged on either side by semi¬
lunated, bluish white lines, the exterior the stronger marked. This
band is irregularly macular; a detached spot is formed on the subcos¬
tal interspace; on the interspaces between veins 1 and 3 (H-S.) two
elongated and inwardly arcuated, lunulated spots are formed. A lu-
nulated, subterminal, bluish white line, edging inwardly a broken black
line or series of reduced interspaceal black lunules; this line, inferiorly,
is also faintly edged externally with bluish white; along anal angle

324

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

the black scales are followed by a fulvous streak, this by first a few
white then black scales. Outside of the black scales, edging the sub-
terminal line on the next interspace above, is a patch of powdery blue
scales extending to the margin ; on the interspace above is a distinct
fulvous crescent, succeeded by black scales on the margin ; the fulvous
scales are also faintly continued on the next succeeding interspace,
within the subtermiual lunule, which is here completely enclosed. A
narrow white line lies directly before the margin ; its analogue on the
primaries is faintly perceptible at internal angle. A narrow, dark, ter¬
minal shade ; fringes as on primaries.

Expanse , 30 m. m. Length of body, 10 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Can.! N. Y.! Grad)

The absolute distinguishing character of this species from T. lorata,
its nearest ally, consists in the absence of the extra basal line of dark
atoms which crosses both wings beneath in the species from Virginia.
A female specimen (Gad) differs by the costal edge of primaries at base
and the extremity of the antennal club beneath being fulvous.

Since describing T. lorata, we have seen the typical specimen of
Godart’s T. falacerfm the Collection of Dr. Boisduval in Paris. It
is a specimen of T. calanus, and is so regarded by Dr. Boisduval. The
species figured by LeConte was not known in nature to Dr. Boisduval,
who was led to regard these figures as representing Godart’s spCciek.
Under the name of T. falacer Dr. Harris has probably described
specimens of T. calanus. From this latter species T. inorata differs
by its smaller size, its more blackish color, darker friuges, and the ab¬
sence of the orange lunule on the upper surface of secondaries before
anal angle.

The synonymy of these closely allied species will then be as follows:
1. T. calanus, Westw. (R usticus armatus Calanus , Hiibn.; The cla fa¬
lacer, Godtg id. Bdv. & Lee., p. text). 2. Theda inorata, G. I fc R.
( Theda falacer,\ Bdv. & Lee., Plate 29). 3. Thecla lorata, G. & R.

4. Thecla acadica, Edwds. In this latter species the extra discal band
of the under surface of primaries is completely macular, and the gene¬
ral color is more as in Thecla mellinus, Westw. ( T. hamuli, Harris).
In all these species the costal edge of primaries at base is more or less
touched with fulvous, most prominently so in T. calanus, while in T.
lorata it is with difficulty to be detected.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

325

Family SPHINGIDAE.

Tribe Macroglossini. ■

' SESIA, Fabr.

Sesia thetis.

$. — Size and form of S. diffinis. Head, above, dull olivaceous;
eyes narrowly circled with white scales; labial palpi pale yellowish
beneath and on the sides, tinged with ferruginous inwardly, and with
superior, lateral, black scales tipping the terminal joint. Antennae
rather stout, blackish. Beneath, the thoracic parts are clothed with
pale yellowish scales, as are the anterior femora outwardly. Legs,
black. The thorax beneath is encroached upon centrally by the pale
pectoral scales, but is elsewhere black. Above, it is entirely obscure
olivaceous. Abdomen, above, black, shaded with brownish from over
the base downwardly; the two pre-anal segments are entirely pale yel¬
low except centrally beneath, while dorsally the pale yellow scales are
narrowly tinged with brownish. Anal segmeu and tuft, black. Be¬
neath black.

Wings largely vitreous; anterior pair narrowly clothed with dark
brownish scales along costal edge; an unusually narrow, terminal band
tapering to internal angle; a basal scale patch below median nervure
outwardly obliquely on internal margin. Secondaries largely vitreous ;
a very narrow, even, terminal, chirk brownish edging; from the base
downward the internal margin is broadly clothed with dark scales. Be¬
neath, as above ; the wings at base are partially clothed with pale yel¬
low scales.

Expanse , 45 m. m. Length of body, 22 m. m.

Ha h ita t. — Califor n ia. Lorqu in.

This species closely agrees in structure with S. diffinis; the body
squamatiou is rough. The coloration of the body parts, and the nar¬
row edging of the wings, will at once distinguish the present from our
common species from the Atlantic District. S. thetis is the species
mentioned by Dr. Boisduval uuder the name of “ Macroglossa thetis,”
Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Sieme Ser. Bull. p. xxxii. During our recent visit,
Dr. Boisduval kindly communicated to us a specimen of S. thetis for
the purpose of publishing the species, together with other material il¬
lustrated in the present Paper, collected in California by M. Lorquin,
and for which we have adopted the specific names with which the spe¬
cimens were labelled by Dr. Boisduval.

326

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

Family ZYGAENIPAE.

Sub-Family Castniinae*

ALYPIA. Hubner.

Three species belonging to this genus have been described from the
Eastern portion of North America. Of these, our common A. octo-
maculata "j" from the Atlantic District, and A. langtonii | from Canada,
are very nearly related, but apparently to be regarded as distinct spe¬
cies. Not only does it appear that the differences between the two are
constant, but a somewhat parallel relation sustained between two spe¬
cies herein described from the Pacific Coast, assist our conclusions as
to what we may regard as specific differences so far as the ornamenta¬
tion of the secondaries are concerned. Canadian specimens of A.
langtonii, in the British Museum Collection, have been described as
constituting a form of A. octomaculata, by Mr. Walker §; but, if our
present views are correct, this is the result of an error. The third
species, of which we have examined the specimens contained in the
British Museum Collection, is A. maccullochii, described and figured
in the Fauna Amer. Bor. Vol. 2, PI. 4, fig. 5. Iu the style of orna¬
mentation, this species is to be readily distinguished from the two pre¬
ceding, being allied to A. ridingsii ||, from Colorado Territory, and to
a new7 Californian species herein described.

As at present considered, the North American species of Alypia are
as follows : —

1. Alypia octomaculata, Hubn. ( Zygaena octomaculata, Fabr.)

2. Alypia langtonii. Couper, (Al. octomaculata J, Walk.).

3. Alypia dipsaci, n. sp. (Plate 6, fig. 37, 9 .)

9 . — Resembles Alypia octomaculata. Black. Head, black ; la¬
bial palpi well extended beyond the front, black, roughly scaled ;
eyes very narrowly margined with pale sulphur yellow scales before
the antennal insertions and more prominently and continuously so be¬
neath. Patagia, pale sulphur yellow, fringed with black hairs. Ab¬
domen entirely black or blackish. Begs, black; anterior and middle

* For the sake of conformity, we have adopted the sub-family termination
for this Group, instead of retaining the original Castniares, Bdv., under which
it was primarily indicated. For a very interesting Paper illustrating the
growth of Castnia, see Dr. It. A. Philippi’s “Metamorphose von Castnia,” Stetti-
ner Ent. Zeit. p. 337, 1863.

f Packard, Notes on the Family Zygaenidae.

J Couper, Can. Nat. p. 64, 1865.

jj List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Pt. 1, pp. 59 — 60.

|| Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Vol. 3, 2>. 521, Plate V, 1864.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

327

tibiae clot lied with orange colored scales; on the anterior tibiae the
scales are thicker and more prominent and do not extend over the
lower extremity of the joint; on the middle tibiae the orange scales
are shorter, forming a lateral tuft and include a black dot near the
lower extremity of the joint; the middle femora are faintly shaded
with orange inwardly. All the tarsi are marked with whitish, the ba¬
sal joints most distinctly. Antennae long, gradually thickening to¬
ward the tips, black, narrowly sub-annulate with white over their
slender basal portion.

Wings black, with a faint reflection. Primaries with two large sul¬
phur yellow spots: the first towards the base, smaller, sub-triangulate;
the second over the nervules, larger, sub-pyriform, oblique. Second¬
aries with a reduced, basal, sulphur yellow spot, and an outer, much
larger, sub-quadrate patch. Beneath, the markings of the upper sur¬
face are exactly repeated, while the yellow of the spots is paler. The
fringes of both wings, on either surface, are entirely black and silky.

Expanse , 28 m. m. Length of Lady, 12 m. m.

Habitat. — California. Lor quin.

Readily distinguishable from A. octomaculata, by its smaller size and
the different color and proportion of the spots on the secondaries.

4. Alypia sacramenti, n. sp. (Plate G, fig. 38, 9 •)

9 . — Size large. Black. Head black ; labial palpi well extended
beyond the front, black, inwardly touched with pale sulphur yellow
scales. Antennae long, black, thickened toward the apices. Eyes nar¬
rowly margined on the front, before the antennal insertion, with pale
sulphur yellow, and more prominently and continuously so beneath.
Legs black, anterior and middle tibiae clothed with orange colored hair.
Thorax black; the patagia and sides of the prothorax are sulphur
yellow, the former fringed with black hairs. Abdomenentirely black.

Wings ample, black. Primaries with two subequal sulphur yellow
spots: the first towards the base, irregularly sub-quadrate, its upper
margin being angulated ; the second over the nervules, sub-ovate, ob¬
lique. Secondaries with a single reduced sulphur yellow spot shading
to whitish, situate beyond the discal cell. Underneath the spots are
paler, more irregularly shaped and notably larger; this latter character
is especially to be perceived when the single spot of the secondaries is
considered; it is here whitish and much larger, being externally pro¬
duced, than its' analogue on the upper surface.

Expanse , 30 m. m. Length of body, 14 m.m.

Habitat. — California. Lor (quin.

328

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

The present species sustains a similar relation to A. dipsaci, with
that borne by A. langtonii to A. octomaculata. It is, however, larger
than any of the allied species. From A. dipsaci.it differs prominently
by the single reduced spot of the secondaries. The condition ol the
body parts in our material prevents any nice discriminations between
the two species, so far as the corporal coloration is concerned.

5. Alypia maccullochii, Kirby.

6. Alypia ridingsii, Grote.

7. Alypia lorquinii, n. sp. (Plate 6, fig. 39, % .)

%' — Allied to the Canadian A. maccullochii, and to A. ridingsii
from Colorado Territory. Black. Head black ; eyes prominently mar¬
gined behind with sulphur yellow; labial palpi roughly scaled, black,
prominently exceeding the front; maxillae blackish ; antennae black,
terminally enlarged, neatly and closely sub-annulate with, white along
their basal portion. Thorax, black ; tegulae sulphur yellow, fringed
with black hairs. Abdomen, black, with two approximate, dorsal, sul¬
phur yellow dots at base. Legs, mostly closely scaled, blackish ; an¬
terior and middle tibiae fulvous; the middle femora are also somewhat
touched with fulvous inwardly.

Wings black, somewhat lustrous. Anterior wings with the costa
swollen and slightly convex centrally, owing to the enlargement of
the interspace above sub-costal nervure. Veins marked by lustrous
scales. At base, a large sulphur yellow patch, obliquely margined out¬
wardly and straiglitly interiorly, neatly divided by the black median
nervure into dissimilar portions. A rounded spot on the disc, aud a
transverse, sulphur yellow, narrow elongate-oval spot beyond the disc,
neatly divided four times by the black nervules. Secondaries with a
lar«e whitish spot at base, the black median nervure separating a small
portion interiorly. Beyond the discal cell, an elongate, narrow, whit¬
ish spot, much as on primaries (but reversed, tapering interiorly), and
divided three times by the black nervules. Fringes, on both wings,
black and lustrous. On both wings beneath, the ornamentation of the
upper surface is reproduced; the spots are very pale yellow ; on the
secondaries the extra discal spot has lost its inferior dot, is broader
and prolonged above sub-costal nervure towards the base of the wing.

Expanse , 2G m.m. Length of body, 11 in.m.

Habitat. — California. Lorquin.

Compared with three £ specimens of A. maccullochii, agreeing with
Kirby’s figure, contained in the British Museum Collection, and so de¬
termined in the B. M. Lists, the present species differs by the sub-ter-

AMERICAN LEPIDOrTERA.

329

minal band, which is divided into spots by the black nervules, being
much narrower on either wing and coming to a point superiorly on the
primaries. The discal spot of the primaries is smaller in A. maccul-
lochii than in A. lorquinii, and on the under surface the basal patch
is larger. On the upper surface of the secondaries, the sub-terminal
band is composed of five spots in Kirby’s species, while in A. lorquinii,
where it tapers inferiorly, it contains but four. On the under surface,
the white basal patch in Kirby’s species is more extended, and the
sub-terminal band receives one or two accessory spots inferiorly. Fi¬
nally, the maculations of the secondaries are white in A. macculloehii
and pale yellow in A. lorquinii.

8. Alypia mariposa. n. sp. (Plate 6, fig. 40, 9 •)

9 • — Black. The eyes, behind, are prominently margined with pale
yellow scales, elsewhere the legs, body parts and appendages are en¬
tirely black. Wings elongate, ample, black. Costal edge of primaries
sub-sinuate, being medially depressed and accumulate at apices. An
elongate, sub-triangular, pale yellow .spot at base. A rounded discal
spot and two similarly colored, angular, sub-terminal spots: the first
situate superiorly sub-costally beyond the disc; the second on the in¬
terspace above nervule 2 (H-S.), beneath, but wddely separate from the
first, and differing #from it in shape. Fringes, black, except at the
apices where they are white. Secondaries with a series of extra dis¬
cal, pale yellow spots, of which the first is larger and rounded, the
second and third, situate inferiorly towards the internal margin, are
approximate, smaller and obsoletely separated. Fringes black, white
at the apices. Beneath, as above; on the primaries the basal spot is
divided by dark scales clothing the median nervure ; on the second¬
aries the inferior extra-discal spots are obsolete, being represented by
a few powdery scales; the maculations on both wings are paler, nearly
white. On their upper surface, the primaries show sparse and scat¬
tered pale scales along internal margin. On the secondaries there is
a faint indication of a discal spot, more prominent beneath. In this
species the wings show a disposition to become dusted with pale scales
on either surface.

Expanse , 35 m. m. Length of bocfy, 13 m. m.

Habitat. — C a 1 i for n i a . Lor quin.

In this species the ample and elongate wings, the number of the
alar spots and the black legs, afford ready distinguishing characters.
The antennae are defective in our specimen.

(42)

TRANS. AMUR. ENT. SOC.

JANUARY, 1868.

330

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

The limits of the genus appear to be here reached, and we would
not refer to Alypia a species communicated to us by Dr. Boisduval
from Mexico under a MS. name, but which is apparently as figured
Agarista bimaculata, IT.-, S., Exot. fig. 26.

S u b - F a ui i 1 y Zygaeninae.

The genera Ctenucha Kirby, and Gnophaela Walk., have been re¬
ferred to the Bombycidae by Authors, but are now recognized as be¬
longing to the Zygaeuidae. Under the name Callalucia Grote, the
characters of Gnophaela have been sufficiently exposed.

CTENUCHA. Kirby.

1. Ctenucha virginica, Grote {Sphinx virg. Charp.; Cten. Latreillana Kirby).

2. Ctenucha cressonana. Grote.

3. Ctenucha ochroscapsus, n. sp.

$ 9- — Size of C. virginica. Head entirely orange yellow. Labial
palpi shorter than in C. virginica, and held porrectedly against the
front; the short terminal article is black, while the basal joints are en¬
tirely orange yellow. Antennae long, black, closely bipectinate; in
the % the pectinations are longer than in the 9 > but shorter than in
% C. virginica. Collar dark cyaneous, bordered anteriorly and late¬
rally with powdery orange yellow scales which also obtain obsoletely
centrally. Sides of the prothorax orange yellow. vTegulae largely or¬
ange yellow, narrowly and evenly black on the sides outwardly. Tho¬
racic disc dark cyaneous. Abdomen, above, bright cyaneous; beneath,
black. Legs black; in the $ inwardly shaded with obscure whitish.
Anterior wings dull black, with a faint cyaneous shade at base, im¬
maculate. Fringes black except at apices, where they are prominently
white and are again faintly whitish before anal angle. Secondaries
black, shaded with cyaneous centrally and over internal margin ; fringes
black, except at apices, where they are white. Under surface resem¬
bling upper, but more brownish.

Expanse. 47 m.m. Length of boh/, 17 m. m.

Habitat. — California. % 9 j Mvs. Berol.

C. ochroscapsus, and the following species differ from C. virginica,
and C. cressonana, in that the head is slightly narrower behind, while
the labial palpi are somewhat shorter and porrected. These differences
do not seem sufficient to authorize their generic separation, since in the
totality of their remaining characters they agree with the typical spe¬
cies of the genus, which they resemble in form, size, and in the style
of ornamentation.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

331

4. Ctenucha rubroscapsus.

Glaucopis rubroscapsus, Menetries, En. Cor. An. Mus. Pet., p. 142, Plate 14,
fig. 7. (1855).

%. Head crimson on the vertex, occiput and between the eyes;
front black. Labial palpi entirely crimson, except the short terminal
article, which is black. Antennae, long, black, closely bipectinate.
Prothorax above, black, behind the head, crimson. Tegulae largely
crimson; at the sides, outwardly, these are narrowly and evenly bor¬
dered with black, and fringed with longer hair-like scales. Abdomen
brill iaut cyaneous, changing to greenish, anal hairs black. Legs black,
anterior coxae whitish ; middle femora spotted with white above the ti-
bial joint. Anterior wings brownish-black above, much as in C. vir-
ginica; the costal edge is entirely and markedly white from base to
apices, the latter fringed with white, as in C. ochroscapsus. Fringes
black, except before internal angle, where they are prominently white.
Secondaries bluish-black, much as in C. virginica; the fringes are
white at apices and before anal angle, elsewhere black. Under surface
resembling upper.

Expanse , 46 in. in. Length of body, 16 m. m.

Habitat. — California. % , Mus. Berol.

Differing from C. ochroscapsus, merely in coloration, the present
species is readily distinguished by the crimson caputal and thoracic or¬
namentation, and by the white costal edge of the primaries.

GNOPHAELA, Walker.

1. Gnophaela aequinoctialis.

Dioptis ( Gnophaela ) aequinoctialis, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Het. Pt. II, p. 331.

(1854).

Habitat. — South America. (Venezuela!)

% $ . Coll. Mus. Brit, et Berol.!

Mr. Walker proposes the name Gnophaela to designate a group of
the genus Dioptis and to contain G. aequinoctialis. This latter spe¬
cies, however, together with the two following, presents but a superfi¬
cial resemblance to the typical species of Hiibner’s genus (D. rica, &c.)
in its alar ornamentation, and is structurally very amply distinct. Al¬
though proposed by its Author to designate a group and not a genus ,
Gnophaela should nevertheless be retained in its present signification
instead of the equivalent but later term Caltalucia , in accordance with
custom and the law of priority in scientific nomenclature. ’

This is a structurally stout genus standing higher than the weak
winged species of Dioptis, Hiibn. with their powdery squamation.

332

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

2. Gnophaela vermiculata.

Omoiala vermiculata, G rote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Vol. ii, p. 334, PI. 6, fig. 1 ^ .

(1863).

Callalucia vermiculata, Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. Vol. iv, p. 316. (1865).

% 9 • Compared with G. aequinoctialis, which the present species
closely resembles, G. vermiculata is slenderer, smaller, and the abdo-
men and hind wings are less brilliantly cyaneous. The stigmatal abdo¬
minal white scales form continuous lateral white lines, and are not re¬
stricted to segmentary dots, as in G. aequinoctialis. The upper portion
of the median white patch is more extended and nearly covers the dis-
cal cell, whereas in G. aequinoctialis it is restricted to a subquadrate
spot at the outer extremity of the cell. On the secondaries the medi¬
an patch is separated into two portions in G. aequinoctialis, by the in¬
trusion of the dark scales which form the ground color of the wing. A
very numerous series of G. vermiculata, has been brought by Mr.
Hidings from Colorado Territory, the examination of which has evi¬
denced the fact of the constancy of the species.

The three species of Gnophaela here cited, are structurally identical
and very interesting, from the constancy to the very evident and simple
generic pattern of ornamentation ; their mimetic relation to the Diurnal
Stalachtis heliconides , has been already noted by Mr. Grote (1. c.). A
specimen of G. vermiculata has been deposited in the Berlin Museum.
'I'he description of Gnophaela, Walk., in the British Museum Lists,
is unfortunately so insufficient as to have prevented the recognition of
its characters by Mr. Grote when describing the species from Colorado
Territory.

3. Gnophaela Hopfferi, n, sp.

$ 9 • i>izc large. Head black ; labial palpi black, except at base,
where they are powdered with orange-yellow scales. Sides of the pro¬
thorax orange-yellow, which color extends between the anterior legs at
base. Legs, black, slightly touched with white; the minute spurs on
middle and hind tibiae are white. Thoracic region, above and beneath,
black. Abdomen, cyaneous black; a white, lateral, stigmatal line, as
in G. vermiculata. Wings large and full. Primaries trigonate, brown¬
ish-black. with three dull lemon-yellow spots at the middle divided by
the median nervure and its fourth nervule ; between this latter at base
and the continuation of the nervure, the outer and smallest is placed.
The upper spot, at the outer extremity of the discal cell, is restricted
as in G. aequinoctialis. Over the nervules, terminally, is an oblique
series of four interspaceal, unequal, ovate yellow spots, of which the
second and largest is placed opposite the discal cell; these spots arc

AMERICAN LEPIDOrTERA.

333

further apart than in G. aequinoctialis or G. vermiculata. Seconda¬
ries resembling primaries in coloration and ornamentation, but with
a very faint bluish reflection. A large central yellow patch, analogous
to the spots at the middle of primaries, is divided by the median ner-
vure into two unequal spots, while the third, at base of fourth median
nervule, is obsolete. Two ovate yellow spots are situated opposite the
disc, and are separated by the black first median nervule. Under sur¬
face of both wings resembling upper. The fringes on either pair are
black, faintly touched with white at the apices of primaries and costal
angles of secondaries.

Expanse, % 50m. mg 9 60m. m. Length of body, £17 m.m.j 9 20m. m.

Habitat. — California. % 9 , Mus. Berol.

Dedicated to Mr. C. Hopffer, the well known Lepidopterist, to whose
obliging courtesy we were much indebted during our recent stay at
Berlin, and to whom we owe the privilege of examining many rare
North American Lepidoptera, contained in the excellently preserved
collection of the Berlin Museum. Gf. Hopfferi is readily distinguished
from either of its congeners, by its superior size and the yellow color
of the alar spots. In the conformation of the median patches on both
wings, it resembles rather G. aequinoctialis than G. vermiculata, as al¬
so in that the external margin of the secondaries is slightly more angu-
lated and less rounded than in the species from Colorado Territory.
In the British Museum Collection, and in that of Dr. Boisduval, in
Paris, are specimens of G. Hopfferi under an erroneous generic deter¬
mination and unpublished specific 'name. Numerous specimens of G.
Hopfferi are contained in the extensive collection of Dr. Felder, in Vi¬
enna; this eminent lepidopterist also possesses specimens of a fourth
species of Gnophaela, from Mexico, allied to our G. vermiculata from
Colorado Territory.

Family BOM BYCIDAE.

S ub-fa m ily Arcti i n a e. *

EPICALLIA. Hubner.

1. Epicallia virginalis. (Plate 6, fig. 42, % .)

Chelonia virginalis, Boisd., Lep. Cal., p. 49. (1852).

Arctia virginalis, Walk., Cat,. Lep. B. M., Pt. 3, p. 611. (1855).

Arctia virginalis, Morris, Syn. Lep. N. Am., p. 337. (I860).

Epicallia virginalis, Packard, Syn. N. A. Bomb., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. p. 108.

(1804).

Habitat. — California !

* Arctiidae, Stephens. For the sake of conformity, the Sub-family termina¬
tion is here and elsewhere applied to the names hitherto employed to designate
groups of this value, which have not apparently received such corrections.

334

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

We figure this species which has been described by Drs. Boisduva]
and Packard, as above cited, owing our material to the kindness of
Dr. Boisduval, whose extensive collection contains a number of speci¬
mens of the present and following species.

2. Epicallia guttata.

Agarista guttata, Boisd., Lep. Cal. p. 48. (1852).

Pleretes guttata , H-S., Lep. Exot. pp. 72, S3, fig. 404. (1858).

Habitat. — California !

This species, of which we have examined several individuals, agree¬
ing with Dr. Boisduval's description and Dr. Herrich-Schaffer’s figure,
as above cited, seems to us to be properly regarded as a distinct form.
While very similarly sized with E. virginalis, it yet appears somewhat
slenderer, and differs most obviously by the black secondaries with a
single yellow maculation near external margin before anal angle. This
genus is allied to Callimorpha, Latr. The casual resemblance which
E. guttata presents to Agarista, owing, perhaps, to its black uniguttate
secondaries, induced its original describer to refer it erroneously to a
different group from E. virginalis, with which it is structurally iden¬
tical.

ARCTIA, Schrank.

Arctia achaia. n. sp. (Plate 6, figs. 45 % , 46 9 •)

b . — Head, between the eyes, pale yellowish buff. Labial palpi
brownish black ; eyes encircled with brownish black. Antennae rather
short, bipectinate, brownish black. “Collar” pale yellowish buff with
lateral black stripes behind the antennae. Patagia black, fringed
with pale yellowish buff; a central thoracic black stripe; the upper
surface of the thorax (including the patagia) may thus be described as
pale yellowish buff with three longitudinal black stripes. Beneath, the
under thoracic surface and legs are blackish brown ; the longer lateral
hairs below the insertion of the wings are yellowish. Abdomen yellow¬
ish, the sides tinged with reddish towards the base; a broad central
black stripe; anus with lateral black spots; the segments beneath are
brownish black fringed with longer pale yellowish hairs, The body is
short and hirsute.

Wings full ; primaries well produced at apices. Anterior wings black ;
the veins obsoletely covered with pale yellowish scales, as is the costal
edge at base. A broad, pale yellowish buff, longitudinal stripe runs
from the base of the wing, at the center, to internal angle, where it is
furcate at the margin. A broader, similarly colored, sub-basal, trans¬
verse band spreading on costal and internal margins. A median and
much narrower stripe, similarly colored and tapering to internal mar-

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

835

gin. Terminally, upon the single longitudinal stripe, rests a series of
similiarh colored bands resembling the letter K,with the straight stroke
turned toward the base of the wing and the upper limb, not attaining the
external margin, reflexed to costa before the apex. Internal margin
narrowly and the short fringes entirely pale yellowish buff. Beneath,
the ornamentation of the upper surface is repeated but less brightly.
Posterior wings clear orange red, distinctly maculate with black : a luni-
form black spot at the outer extremity of the discal cell, over lying the
cross-vein. A more squarish spot at the origin of vein 2 (rippe 2 ,11-
S.) ; a third, smaller, before internal margin, parallel with the lunate dis¬
cal spot. A subterminal or outer series of three parallel black spots, of
which the first is smallest and the second largest; the spots composing
this outer series are situate opposite those of the inner; the third is on
internal margin near anal angle. The costal edge is yellowish ; there
is a black spot at base and a larger at basal third (both hidden by the
primaries even when the wings are expanded) ; within the costal angle
an irregular, black, terminal band is commenced, which extends along
external margin to extremity of vein 2; between its cessation at this
point and the spot near anal angle, there is a single small black spot situ¬
ate midway on the margin; the terminal band inwardly and all the
spots, with the exception of the discal, are very narrowly and faintly
edged with ochreous. The fringes are yellowish. Beneath, the second¬
aries are yellowish with a reddish reflection; the ornamentation of the
upper surface is repeated; there is a minute additional black dot on
the costa before the inception of the terminal black baud.

9 . — The general color is more ochreous. The transverse bands of
the primaries are narrower, the veins are entirely marked with ochre¬
ous yellow scales. The spots on the secondaries are much larger while
similiar in position; there are accessory spots at the base and on inter¬
nal margin. The central black spot of the secondaries is notably larger
when compared with that of the £ . The under surface resembles the
upper, where the same differences are perceivable. Antennae blackish,
simple.

Expanse , % 41, 9 T3 m. m. Length of body, % and 9 , 15 m.m.

Habitat. — California, Lor quin.

Allied to A. virgo and A. saundersii, from the Atlantic District.

336

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

Arctia dahurica. (Plate 6, fig. 41, 'J) .)

Chelonia dahurica, Boisd., Icon. Hist. Lep. 126, 2, fig. 1. (1832).

Chelonia dahurica, Boisd., Lep. Cal. p. 48. (1852).

Chelonia dahurica. II-S., Samm. Eur. Sell. Band II, p. 145. (1845).

Arctia dahurica. Walk., C. B. M. Lep. Ilet. Pt. 3, p. 597. (1855).

Arctia dahurica, Clem., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 527. (1860).

Arctia dahurica, Morris, Syn. Lep. N. A., p. 341. (1860).

Arctia dahurica, Pack., Syn. U. S. Bomb., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, p.118. (1S64).

% . — Head, pectus and labial palpi brownish; behind the antennae
are ochreous scales ; antennae black, finely bipectinate. Prothoracic
pieces black, edged with ochreous hairs. Thorax black. Patagia
black, fringed with ochreous. Thoracic parts, beneath, clothed with
long brownish black squamation. All the tibiae are pale ochreous out¬
wardly, as are the hind tarsi, while the anterior femora are also parti¬
ally ochreous towards the lower end of the joint; elsewhere the legs
are black or blackish. Abdomen, at base and dorsally, black, laterally
bright ochreous; a segmentary series of black stigmatal spots. Be¬
neath pale ochreous with sub-lateral series of broad segmentary rnacu-
lations diminishing towards the anus.

Anterior wings somewhat produced at apices, black. Costal edge
towards the base pale' ochreous. Nervules finely marked by pale
ochreous scales. An incomplete sub-basal transverse band and an
outwardly arcuate median band, not extending below the internal ner-
vure. A longitudinal stripe running from the base below the median
nervure outwardly to internal angle, before which it is furcate on cell
]/,; on this stripe rests terminally a series of transverse bands resem¬
bling the letter Iv, with the straight stroke turned towards the base of
the wing and the fusion of the bands obsolete on cell 3. The short
fringes are pale yellow, and extend uninterruptedly from the apices
over the rounded internal angle along internal margin. Beneath, the
wing is paler, while the markings of the upper surface are repeated,
but less distinctly ; the veins are obsoletely marked with pale scales.
Secondaries largely black ; subterminally these show irregularly shaped
and elongated bright ochreous patches; fringes as on primaries. Be¬
neath, the secondaries are largely marked with bright ochreous bands
on a black ground.

Expanse , 31 m. m. Length of bach/, 15 m. m.

J habitat . — Cal i forn ia. Lorquin.

Allied to A. virginicula, Kirby and A. speciosissima, MoescTiler.
The latter species is unknown to us and is possibly not sufficiently dis¬
tinct from Kirby’s, with which its describer has not compared it. Dr.
Boisduval, who communicated the specimen of A. dahurica we here de-

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

837

scribe and figure, stated to us that the original of this species was re¬
ceived by him from Eschscholtz as being collected in Siberia. Subse¬
quently, receiving specimens from California, Dr. Boisduval conceived
that the locality originally given was possibly the result of an error,
since Eschscholtz had collected in Russian America on the Aleutian
Isles, where his specimen may have been obtained.

NEMEOPHILA, Stephens.

Nemeophila caespitis, n. sp. (Plate 6, fig. 43, % .)

% . Head, black, pilose. Labial palpi slender, tipped with ochreous
scales. Antennae black, bipectinate. Collar black, with ochreous-
yellow lateral patches. Thorax and patagia black. Legs, blackish in¬
wardly; the femora are streaked with ochreous-yellow outwardly over
the lower half of the joint; the tibiae and tarsi are continuously whit-
ish-ochreous outwardly. Abdomen blackish, ochreous-yellow at the
sides, where the brighter scales enclose a row of black segmentary
spots; beneath, the segments are fringed narrowly with ochreous
scales.

Anterior wings black. The costal edge is distinctly marked with
yellowish-ochreous for nearly a third of its length. A broad, longitu¬
dinal, whitish-ochreous stripe, narrowing medially, stretches from the
base of the wing till just before internal angle, terminating abruptly.
A terminal series of transverse, similarly colored, and broad bands re¬
sembling the letter K reversed, and obsoletely connected with the
longitudinal inferior stripe. A large round, whitish-ochreous spot on
the disc. Beneath, as above; the discal spot and the bands are tinged
with yellow ; this is noticeable particularly where the bands approach
the margins of the wing. Fringes whitish-ochreous.

Secondaries largely blackish. A subterminal and very broad yellow-
ochreous band enclosing two large black spots, and a third reduced at
costa. This yellow band is deeper colored inferiorly, and terminates
abruptly much before the anal angle ; the blackish ground color which
obtains beyond the termination of the band, encloses a small pre-anal
yellowish spot. There is a terminal blackish border broken centrally
where the yellow band reaches to the margin, which it does again very
narrowly at its termination, thus enclosing a black spot on the margin.
Beneath, as above. Fringes ochreous-yellow, deepening in color to¬
wards anal angle; the longer fringes aloug internal margin are
blackish.

Expanse , 88 m. m. Length of body , .12 m. m.

Habitat. — California. Lor quin.

(43)

TRASS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

JANUARY, 1868.

338

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

With the following species, allied to the European N. plantaginis
and to N. petrosa, Walk., from the Rocky Mountains, rather than to
N. californiae, Walk. ; this latter is very distinct owing to the obsoles¬
cence of the usual bands on the primaries. The occurrence of this
genus in California is very interesting, as illustrating the already no¬
ticed affinity between the lepidopterous faunae of Plurope and our
Western District.

Nemeophila cichorii, n. sp. (Plate 6, fig. 44, % .)

% . Head black, pilose. Antennae black, bipectinate. Collar
ochre-yellow. Thorax and patagia black. Abdomen blackish dorsally,
ochre-yellow at the sides, where there is a series of black segmentary
spots. Legs blackish ; the femora outwardly are touched with ochre-
yellow at the lower extremity of the joint; the tarsi and tibiae are pale
ochreous outwardly and the hind pair entirely so.

Anterior wings blackish above, with clear yellow bands. Costal
edge at base touched with ochre-yellow. A longitudinal stripe running
from the base of the wTing outwardly below median nervure, and ter¬
minating abruptly before internal angle. An elongate spot on the dis-
cal cell. A transverse outwardly oblique stripe across the nervules,
and an irregular streak on the sub-costal nervules near the margin.
These two latter are the remains of the usual Iv -shaped terminal
band. Beneath, as above; the color of the bands is ochre-yellow.
Fringes entirely black. Posterior wings largely blackish; a very broad
subterminal ochre-yellow band enclosing two unequal black macula-
tions, and terminating abruptly before anal angle, where the dark
ground color of the wing encloses a small yellowish spot. The yellow
subterminal band spreads on costa, where it obtains downwardly over the
discal cell, constructing the hlaek scales which form a curved and ab¬
breviated band over the middle of the wing. There is a terminal black
marginal band, twice deeply excavate on its inner edge. Beneath,
as above ; the preanal yellow spot is larger, and shows a tendency to
become absorbed by the subterminal band. Fringes entirely blackish.

Expanse , 30 m. m. Length of bo<li/, 10 m. m.

Habitat. — California. Lor quin.

This species is smaller than N. caespitis, and, however variable in or¬
namentation it may prove to be, will be readily distinguished by the
black fringes and clear yellow bands of the upper surface of primaries.
The larvae of these two species are stated to he quite distinct, and
to be found on different food plauts.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

339

Family Noctuidae.

ARZAMA, Walker.

Arzama obliquata, n. sp. (Plate 6, fig. 47, 9 •)

9- Wood-brown and hoary. Head, sunken; front clothed with
thick dark, wood-brown squamation. Antennae testaceous beneath,
with a double row of short serratures increasing in length before the
tips, towards which they again diminish. The antennal stem is white
or whitish along its upper surface. The maxillae are. weak, short, tes¬
taceous. Legs, short and closely scaled ; hind tibiae with two unequal
spurs on the inner side of the joint. The inferior thoracic squamation
is loose and long, pale wood-brown, becoming hoary laterally beneath
the insertion of the wings. The legs are more or less dark wood-brown,
especially the anterior pair; tarsi and tibiae smoothly scaled, while the
short femora are furnished with long lateral hairs. Above, the pro-
thoracic pieces are broad and well defined, pale wood-brown, concolor-
ous with the thorax, shading to hoary along their posterior edge. Here
the collar appears somewhat elevate, its pale posterior shading being
thrown iuto relief by the very dark scales which seem to issue from be¬
neath it. The patagia and thoracic disc are concolorous, shading to hoary
behind, where there is a central tuft tipped with brighter brown. Two
lateral fan-shaped metathoracic tufts spread from the sides towards
each other, over the extreme base of the abdomen centrally. Thorax
short and square. Abdomen long, exceeding prominently the secon¬
daries, stout and cylindrical, swelling towards the anus, which is thick¬
ly clothed with dense hair concealing the genitals.

Anterior wings elongate; costa straight, rising very slightly before
the apices which are a little depressed ; external margin suboblique, a
little rounded towards internal augle; internal margin straight. The
primaries are wood-brown, with shaded linear markings all taking a
transverse, inwardly oblique course from the costa downwards. There
is a prominent, pale hoary basal patch, distinctly limited outwardly by
a very oblique dark shaded line which arises within the costa on the
subcostal nervure at about basal third, and runs inwardly to internal
margin near the base of the wing. A very oblique transverse elongate
reniform spot at extremity of the cell, pale, with an internal spot formed
by an irregular brown annulus. A narrow, regularly inwardly lunu-
late, dark, powdery, transverse posterior line, becoming obsolete to¬
wards the costa. Three pale ante-apical costal dots. Terminal space
dark greyish, limited inwardly by the sinuate subterminal line. A
narrow even terminal dark brown line borders the external margin,
arising on costa before the apex and being neatly continued to internal

340

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

angle. Under surface dark wood- brown, without prominent markings ;
the terminal space and costal region is paler, on the latter the three
pale ante-apical dots of the upper surface are repeated ; the internal
margin is more sparsely scaled below the nervure (“rippel,” //--S'.)
where the short squamation is tinged with reddish. Posterior wings,
above, closely scaled, wood-brown, with a faint reddish tinge over the
costal region. Beneath, there is a distinct dark discal dot, and the
exterior half of the wing is obsoletely limited as a darker portion.

Expanse , 55 m.m. Length of body, 27 m. m.

% . Nearly resembles the female in color, size and ornamentation.
The antennae are clean pale testaceous, strongly and evenly bipectinate.
On the primaries there is a parallel elongate constricted spot, conco-
lorous with the reniform and partially fused with it, resting on the
median fold on the discal cell. This spot may be regarded as the or¬
bicular, and is seen in some 9 specimens, though reduced and usually
absorbed by the outer edge of the oblique basal space. In its extent
this spot seems to be subject to individual variation. The general co¬
lor of the S is paler than that of the 9 • The deep shading outside
of the pale oblique basal space is very prominent below median nervure.
The abdomen is terminally pointed and narrowed ; since it is thickened
and obtuse at the anus in the 9 , it presents a very striking sexual cha¬
racter.

Expanse , 48 m. m. Length of body, 23 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (N. Y.! )

This species differs from Arzama dcnsa, Walk. (C. B. M. Lep. Het.
Supp. p. 645), the typical £ specimen of which we have compared in
the British Museum, by its much larger size and different color. In
ornamentation the two species are very similar. In A. obliquata the
primaries are more produced at apices and the external margin is more
sinuate. The style of ornamentation and appearance of this genus are
not a little singular. The heavy 9 abdomen and the dense squamation,
reminds one of the Bombycidae. The shape of the primaries is nor¬
mal with the present family; the costa is straight, and the nearly par¬
allel internal margin is fully three-quarters as long as the costal, while
the peculiar ornamentation of the upper surface of the primaries de¬
ceives one at first glance as to the real proportions of the wing. Mr.
-Walker’s type is a male, in which the abdomen is comparatively slen¬
der, terminating pointedly. The much smaller Georgia species is en¬
tirely tinged with dull red-brown, the basal patch of the primaries is

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

341

less oblique than in A. obliquata; while wauting all hoary or pale
scales, the thorax above is dark and unicolorous in A. densa. The
genus seems allied to Nonagria.

GORTYNA, Ocks.

Gortyna purpurifascia, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 51, 9 •)

9. Size, moderate. Bright, ochre-yellow and purple. Head, undertho-
racic surface and legs light purple. Palpi purplish, beneath with pale
scales. Antennae testaceous, tufted with white scales at base. Collar
shaded with purple at the sides and in front, the scales becoming deep
yellow behind. A prominent purple tuft centrally on the thorax, be¬
hind the prothoracic scales. Thoracic disc deep yellow, becoming pur¬
ple behind where the scales are raised. Patagia deep yellow, shaded
with purple in front and terminally. Abdomen pale, tufted on the
dorsum, cinereous, with a purplish cast, the latter more prominent be¬
neath.

Anterior wings slightly interspaceally excavate along external mar¬
gin, deep yellow, powdered with red and shaded with purple. Base
deep yellow. Basal half line reddish, geminate, its inner line travers¬
ing straightly the basal space; its outer, more sinuate, edging inwardly
a broad purplish shade filling up the sub-basal space except at internal
margin. This shade is margined outwardly by the transverse anterior
line which is geminate, the two lines composing it becoming fused in¬
ferior])’, and running at variance and more widely apart at costa. Or¬
bicular small, round, white, more or less stained by the ground color
of the wing. Situate inwardly obliquely with regard to the orbicular,
and below the median nervure, lie the intermediate and claviform spots,
also white, moderate, the intermediate more or less stained by the
ground color of the wing, both annulate with black and more or less
coalesced, held apart by the red scales clothing the sub-median fold.
All the nervures faintly marked by red scales over the median space.
Median shade red, slightly irregular, running as usual from the costa
downwardly and outwardly obliquely to the lower extremity of the dis-
cal cell beneath the reuiform spot, thence inversely obliquely to inter¬
nal margin, lleuiform, distinctly annulate with red, of the ground
color of the wing, upright and but little constricted, a parallelogram
in shape, not resolved into clustered white dots as in allied species, but
more or less edged with white above and below inwardly. Transverse
posterior line double, consisting first of a narrow red line interspace-
ally very slightly waved, then of a broad and prominent even blackish
band, the presence of which is a strong specific character. The line

342

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

in its totality runs downward and inwardly obliquely from just below
costa; its inception takes place in reality above the reniform spot on
costa, whence it runs immediately outwardly ; the costal edge shows
three pale dots at this place.. The subterminal space is entirely pur¬
plish, edged outwardly by the subterminal line, the latter dark reddish,
relieved outwardly by scattered yellow scales, dentate, irregular. An
apical yellow shade; terminal space reddish-purple. Beneath, testa¬
ceous cinereous, shaded with pale purplish along the margins, and with
two transverse pale purplish lines, the outer preceded on costa by a
broad darker shade. A very narrow excavate line on external margin.
Secondaries testaceous cinereous, with a broad, pale purplish, subter¬
minal shade, within which is a faint transverse line. A narrow termi¬
nal line marks the external margin of the wing ; fringes pale. Beneath,
as on primaries, pale, with powdery-purplish scales along the margins;
two faint transverse lines, the inner discontinued.

Expanse, 43 m. in. Length of body, 20 m.m.

% . Much smaller than the female, of a brighter yellow. The broad
blackish transverse posterior line is very evident. The orbicular spot
is pure white, and a little longer than in the female. The two inferior
spots are also white, united and more prominent than in the opposite
sex. Reniform distinctly marked with white above and below on its
inner margin.

Expanse, 32 m.m. Length of body, 13 m.m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Mass. !)

Allied to G. rutila, Guenee , but a more fulvous colored species, dis¬
tinct in the form of the transverse posterior line and in the shape of
the reniform spot. The male appears to vary in size, as is usual with
the species of Gortyna.

Gortyna speciosissima, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 52, 9 •)

9. Size large; form stout. Orange-yellow and purplish. Head,
under thoracic surface and legs, pale purplish. Labial palpi pale be¬
neath. Antennae testaceous with white basal tufts. Collar purplish;
behind, yellowish. Thorax and patagia deep yellow, the latter shaded
at the sides with purple, the former slightly sprinkled with purple be¬
hind. Abdomen tutted on the dorsum, entirely pale rosy-purple.

Anterior wings fulvous yellow, entire, smoothly scaled, with distinct
ornamentation; veins marked with dark scales. Deep yellow at base;
the narrow geminate basal line as in G. purpurifascia. The sub-basal
space is suffused or irrorate superiorly with purplish. Transverse an¬
terior line double, more or less distinct, reddish, once prominently den-

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

343

tate at costa, arcuate from subcostal to internal nervure, thence again
outwardly but more roundedly projected to internal margin. Median
space clouded centrally superiorly with reddish scales. Orbicular spot
white, elongate, annulate with dark scales, moderate in size. Below
the median nervure the intermediate and claviform spots are fused
and form one moderate ovate white spot, annulate with black and
smaller than the orbicular. Median shade-band shaped as usual, dif¬
fuse. Reniform peculiar in shape, being extremely attenuate and out¬
wardly oblique ; it is elongate, widening slightly interiorly, and pure
white, not resolved into distinct spots, annulate with dark scales. Trans¬
verse posterior line very distinct, consisting of two lines (of which the
outer is deeper colored and most diffuse), roundedly arcuate over the
nervules superiorly, thence running slightly inwardly obliquely to in¬
ternal margin. Subterminal space darker than the rest of the wing,
purplish, margined outwardly by the irregular and dentate subterminal
line, which appears as the dark uneven edge of the space; three pale
separate dots on costa. Terminal space concolorous with median, deep
3rellow, below the apices more or less irrorate and shaded with reddish
scales on the interspaces. Secondaries entirely pale rosy-purple, be¬
coming faintly and narrowly paler before external margin ; traces of
the usual transverse subterminal shade and internal line, but, owing to
their general dark color, the secondaries appear immaculate ; fringes
concolorous with the wing, tipped with a paler shade. Primaries be¬
neath washed with pale rosy purple over the disc, irrorate with simi¬
larly colored scales on the margins, and becoming testaceous or pale
cinereous along internal margin and at base; traces of two parallel
transverse subterminal shade lines. Secondaries testaceous cinereous,
rather thickly irrorate with pale rosy purple scales, especially superi¬
orly; a distinct transverse shade line and fainter subterminal shade;
fringes less purplish than on upper surface.

Expanse , 49 m. m. Length of body, 26 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. ( Seekonk , R. I., Mrs. Bridgham.)

This fine species is, perhaps, the largest North American represen¬
tative of the genus. It varies but slightly in the distinctness of the
ornamentation. From G. purpurifascia and G. rutila, it differs by its
smoother squamation, heavier form, the peculiar attenuate shape of the
white reniform spot, the even coloration, more distinct ornamentation,
and the rosy-purple tinge of the secondaries above and wings beneath,
this latter character reminding us of the species of Nephelodes, Gn.
From G. purpurifascia it is easily separated by the course of the traus-

344

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

verse posterior line which, in the former, runs outwardly straightly on
the costa and thence downwardly obliquely over the subcostal and me¬
dian nervules, while in G. speciosissima it is outwardly arcuate over
the nervules as in G. rutila, Guenee.

Gortyna inquaesita, n. sp.

9 . Size, small ; form stout. Head, sides of the prothorax beneath
and legs outwardly, dull purplish. Under thoracic squamation pale
dull testaceous. Abdomen, above, testaceous cinereous, shaded with
purplish beneath and at anus. Thorax deep ochre-yellow, shaded with
purplish behind and at the sides. The head is sunken.

Anterior wings thinly and closely scaled, entire, deep ochre-yellow,
shaded with purplish outside of the transverse posterior line. All the
veins very distinctly marked with blackish, and the external margin
shows a narrow distinct dark line. From the base to transverse poste¬
rior line, the deep yellow ground color of the wing is shaded with fer-
rugiuous scales. Transverse anterior line geminate, slightly undulate,
perpendicular, improminent. The ordinary spots are very small, clear
deep yellow, with dark reddish narrow annuli. Orbicular small, sphe¬
rical, equally sized with the intermediate and claviform. These three
spots in one specimen (Rhode Island) are whitish. Median shade
very distinct and prominent, blackish, running as usual outwardly from
costa to lower and outer angle of discal cell, thence inversely obliquely
to internal margin. Reniform, narrow, elongate. Transverse posterior
line geminate, consisting of a narrow reddish inner, and a broader
blackish outer line, regularly arcuate over the median nervules, and
running much as in Hydroecia lorea, Gn. Reyond this line the wing
is obscurely washed with purplish ; there are traces of the usual irregu¬
lar subterminal line, while the terminal space is as usual free from
dark shades at the apices, leaving these yellowish. Fringes rather
dark, paler at base. Secondaries cinereous testaceous, with a faint dif¬
fuse subterminal darker shade. All the veins marked with dark scales.
A narrow even terminal dark line follows the external margin of the
wing. Beneath, the under surface of both wings is similar, silky, pale
testaceous cinereous, powdered with pale dull purplish scales. Veins
more or less completely marked with dark scales. Faint traces of a
dark subterminal shade on costa of primaries. The secondaries are
paler than primaries, and comparatively free from purplish scales be¬
low the costal region; they show faint indications of a transverse line.

Expanse , 29 m. m. Length of body , 15 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (N. Y., Mr. Ridings; R. I., Mrs.
Bridghamd)

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

345

Resembles superficially Hydroecia lroea, Gn. The body is propor¬
tionally heavier and the head more sunken than in that genus, from
all the species of which it is readily distinguished by the presence
of the very distinct angulated median shade and the lower accessory
ordinary spots. In the shape of the wings it agrees with Hydroecia
lorea, but the color is different, being brighter and deeper, as in the
species of Gortyna above described. It appears to be the smallest
of the North American species of Gortyna yet discovered with
yellow or purple wings, the female being but little larger than small
males of G. nitela or G. nebris, while proportionally much heavier
bodied.

HYDROECIA, Guenee.

Hydroecia sera, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig, 55, % .)

S 9 • Very dark carneous brown. Antennae dark testaceous, with
basal whitish scale tufts. Legs, inwardly, and under thoracic surface
pale testaceous cinereous; tarsi subannulate; legs outwardly shaded
with carneous or purplish-brownish, as is the under surface of abdo¬
men. Sides of the % abdomen with longer and brighter purplish
scales. Abdomen, above, blackish cinereous, tufted on the dorsum ba-
sally. Ilind tibiae with two pairs of pale unequal spurs.

Anterior wings dark carneous or purplish brown. Transverse lines
geminate. A geminate basal half-line, the outer of its two component
lines obsolete, the space between the lines is pale. Transverse ante¬
rior line geminate, its inner line obsolete, the space included by the
lines paler than the ground color of the wing. The transverse ante¬
rior line is sharply dentate on costa, below median nervure twice arcu¬
ate to internal margin. A large orbicular spot with paler shaded cen¬
tre, narrowly annulate with white and black scales. Median shade
very diffuse. Reniform spot large, much constricted, annulate nar¬
rowly by black and white scales, spreading interiorly over the median
nervure and the nervules at base, where it is blackish, being superiorly
concolorous with the orbicular. Transverse posterior line slightly ar¬
cuate superiorly, but straighter than usual, very regularly interspaceally
lunulate; it is geminate, the outer line but faintly visible. Subter¬
minal space paler than the rest of the wing. All the veins terminally
are neatly marked with black and white scales, like the annuli of the
ordinary spots. Subterminal line pale, irregular, preceded by a dark
diffuse shade band ; terminal space dark, paler at apices, A paler
narrow even terminal line. Fringes dark, interspaceally excavate.
Three minute, ante-apical, pale dots on costa. Secondaries blackish
cinereous, becoming paler towards the base; a narrow dark terminal

TUANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. (44) JANUARY, 1868.

346

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

line; veins shaded with darker scales; fringes pale, testaceous. Un¬
der surface of primaries blackish ; costal region and external margin
shaded with purplish scales; an arcuate blackish transverse shade
band, beyond which a second, fainter, and followed on costa before the
apex by a few whitish scales; between these two lines on costa are two
pale dots; the terminal space is very pale purplish. Secondaries with
the costal region and external margin thickly irrorate with pale pur¬
plish scales; a discal mark and two parallel unequal transverse black¬
ish shade lines.

Expanse , % 32, 9 34 m. m. Length of body, % 16, 9 12 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (N. Y., Peuna. ; No. 67,” Canada,
Mr. Bowles .)

Size of H. nictitans, and is readily distinguished from either that
species or H. lorea, by its darker color, the shape of the reniform spot
and the excavate fringes. In the extensive Collection of Mr. Guenee,
at Chateaudun, are specimens of this species which we have been able
to compare with our material, owing to the kindness of this distinguish¬
ed Entomologist.

XANTHIA, Ochs.

Xanthia ralla, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 49, £ .)

% . Ochreous-yellow. Size moderate ; form slight. Head and tho¬
rax coucolorous, ochreous-yellow; antennae testaceous. .Abdomen
somewhat flattened, dull pale ochreous beneath. Eyes small, conical,
black; maxillae rather short, testaceous; labial palpi short, not ex¬
tending beyond the front. Legs ochraceous, paler inwardly; under
thoracic squamation dull pale testaceous.

Anterior wings dark ochreous-yellow, transverse lines blackish, bro¬
ken. A faint basal half-line. The blackish transverse anterior line
is geminate, the lines widely separate, the outer paler and indistinct.
It is perpendicular and a little irregular, preceded by a blackish dot at
the base of the discal cell. The orbicular is very faint, merely out¬
lined, ovate, the annulus including a blackish dot inferiorly at median
nervure, which is usually perceivable even when the annulus is obsolete.
The median shade is prominent, slightly irregular and nearly perpen¬
dicular, running approximate to the reniform spot. The latter is of
the normal shape, obsoletely outlined, the inner pale annulus including
three or four black dots inferiorly (of which that on the inner side of
the spot, situate in the outer and lower angle of the discal cell, is usu¬
ally the most prominent) and one or two superiorly. The transverse
posterior line is geminate, the outer of the two lines composing it the
most distinct, very slightly arcuate superiorly, slightly inwardly sinu-

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

347

ate inferiorly. The subterminal line consists of a series of black inter-
spaceal dots obsolete below costa. A terminal series of short black
nervular dashes. A narrow terminal pale line; fringes ochreous,
touched interspaceally with blackish. Secondaries very pale clear yel¬
low testaceous, pellucid, immaculate. Beneath, the primaries are pale
ochreous testaceous; faint traces of a discal streak and a transverse
line, also of a few terminal blackish nervular marks. Secondaries re¬
sembling primaries ; a faint discal mark and a transverse line.

Expanse , 28 m. m. Length of body, 11 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Trenton Falls, N. Y. Mr. James
Ridings /)

Smaller than the common Xanthia hi col ora go, Guenee, and readily
distinguished by the darker color of the primaries above, the maculate
subterminal line, the broken black stain of the reniform spot, and the
pellucid secondaries with their immaculate upper surface. With the
following it is more slenderly shaped, and differs from Xanthia rufago,
Hubner sp. by the less acutely produced apices of the primaries, less
rufous color, and smaller ordinary spots, which latter in Hiibner’s spe¬
cies have prominent pale annuli.

Xanthia puta, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 50, % .)

£ . Dull rufous. Head and thorax dull obscure rufous. Labial
palpi darker, more obscurely colored. Antennae testaceous. Legs, out¬
wardly, dark, with subannulate tarsi. Abdomen somewhat flattened,
beneath and at the sides carneous grey, above more purely griseous
and without the rufous tinge of the under surface.

Anterior wings dull obscure rufous, with distinct geminate ordinary
lines and prominent ornamentation. Basal half line faint, geminate,
with a pale included shade. Transverse anterior line distinct, gemi¬
nate, perpendicular, slightly and regularly arcuated ; the inner line the
darker, somewhat blackish; the outer, dark rufous; the included
space pale and prominent. The veins tend to become marked with
pale scales. Orbicular faint, with a pale annulus and more or less ob¬
scure centre. Median shade dark rufous, broad, diffuse and distinct,
somewhat irregular on the cell. Reniform large and prominent, up¬
right, slightly medially constricted, stained with black inferiorly, with
a prominent pale annulus and rufous centre. From the base to trans¬
verse posterior line, the wing is brighter colored than terminally.
Transverse posterior line very prominent, even, geminate, arcuate over
the median nervules beyond the reniform, over which it is incepted on
costa. It is composed of an outer distinct blackish line aud a faint

348

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

and narrow inner rufous line; the space between the two being pale
and prominent as with the transverse anterior line. Beyond the t. p.
line the wing is shaded on costa with dark obscure rufous enclosing
three pale dots. The incomplete subterminal line is preceded by a
pale shade below costal region, aud is succeeded by one much narrower
emanating from au apical discoloration. The narrow terminal space is
obscurely colored, being mixed with blackish scales; fringes dark dull
rufous.

Secondaries testaceous, tinged with reddish and shaded with cinere¬
ous scales, leaving a narrow terminal space clear; fringes somewhat
strongly tinged with reddish. A discal mark and a narrow dark in¬
terrupted terminal line on the margin. Beneath, the wings are pale,
tinged with reddish and powdered evenly with dark scales; from the
apex of the primaries downwards, the external margin is narrowly
shaded with white intermixed scales. Narrow terminal black lines on
both wings, and prominent blackish discal lunules. Fringes pale ru¬
fous, darker tipped on primaries.

Expanse , 27 m.m. Length of body, 10 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Trenton Falls, N. Y., Mr. James
Ridings /)

This species is readily distinguished from X. ralla, by its dull pur¬
ple-red or rufous color, by the darker secondaries, and the details of
the ornamentation, although very similar to it in size and form.

AGROTIS, Treit.

Agrotis collaris, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 53, 9 •)

$ 9- Size moderate; form slender. Blackish, somewhat silky'-.
Frontal squamae and tips of palpi mixed grey ; elsewhere the thickly
haired palpi are blackish-brown. Antennae slender, clothed above with
dark greyish scales. Legs brownish, mixed with pale scales; hind ti¬
biae with two pair of spurs. The under thoracic sqamation is rather
long aud tinged with obscure reddish. Above, the prothoracic pieces
are covered with intensely blackish-brown close scales, contrasting for¬
cibly with the paler color of the head and thorax. Patagia and thora¬
cic disc concolorous, smoothly scaled, mixed gray, nearly concolorous
with primaries. Abdomen slender, smooth, blackish cinereous, a little
darker than the secondaries.

Anterior wings elongate, narrow, widening to external margin. The
ground color is blackish-brown, but so closely and evenly mixed with
grey scales as to give a greyish hue. Ornamentation simple and dis¬
tinct; the lines narrow and pale. A basal line, beyond which is the
transverse anterior, which is even, somewhat outwardly oblique and

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

349

slightly angulated below costa. Contiguous to this line, on the disc,
is a smaller, subquadrate, velvety-brown patch (concolorous with the
collar) between the transverse anterior line and the orbicular spot,
which latter is large, concolorous with the rest of the wing, with par¬
allel sides and narrowly annulated with pale scales tending to become
obliterate above and below. Between the orbicular and reniform spots
is a second and larger subquadrate velvety-brown patch on the cell ;
the reniform spot is also concolorous with the rest of the wing, full
sized, of the normal shape, and faintly and narrowly annulated with
pale scales. The transverse posterior line is distinct, even, and is regu¬
larly subarcuate. Beyond it, a dark wide transverse shade obtains
between the transverse posterior line and the subterminal, the latter
merely indicated by the irregular outer edge of the shade being brought
into relief by the paler color of the terminal space. External margin
narrowiy edged by a dark linear shade. Posterior wings ample, of the
usual blackish cinereous hue, silky. The external margin is depressed
below the costal angles. The color slightly deepens towards external
margin, which is narrowly edged with a darker linear shade. Beneath,
the primaries are blackish, without markings; ou costa is seen the in¬
ception of a transverse line at apical third, brought into relief by pale
costal scales. Secondaries darker than on upper surface ; a discal dot
(apparent also, but more faintly above) and a transverse, darker, but
indistinct line ; the costa and the region at costal angle are covered
with blackish scales.

Expanse , 30 m. m. Length of hotly, 12 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (New York !)

The present and next following species are slender in form, but
agree with the characters of the genus as now understood by Continen¬
tal Entomologists.

Agrotis geniculata, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 54,^ .)

£ . Size moderate; form slender. Blackish-brown, silky. Labial
palpi blackish, fringed beneath and tipped with grey scales. The
general' caputal squamation presents a speckled appearance owing to
the mixture of blackish-brown and grey scales. On the vertex the
scales are somewhat massed. Antennae dark, wirh two rows of minute
serratures. Collar mixed blackish-brown, a little darker than thorax;
a distinct blackish line crosses the prothoracic pieces posteriorly, form¬
ing two curves. Thorax and tegulae mostly brownish-grey; at the
sides the tegulae are shaded with dark brownish. Legs brownish,
dotted with pale grey; hind tibia strongly spurred. Under thoracic

350

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

squamation greyish. Abdomen cinereous, thickly irrorate, especially
beneath, where the segments are indicated by whitish scales. Anal
hairs blackish.

Anterior wings blackish-brown, silky, with a faint purplish shade;
transverse lines geminate, with broad pale included shades. A basal
half-line, dentate, distinctly margined. Transverse anterior line per¬
pendicular, distinct, forming an M-shaped mark opposite the orbicular,
thence running straightly downwards, forming a slight curve to inter¬
nal nervure, below which it forms a single outward projection return¬
ing to the margin. It is geminate, distinctly limited outwardly by a
narrow black line; the inner line is wanting or nearly so. Median
space paler than the wing elsewhere, but obscured centrally by a very
diffuse dark transverse median shade. Orbicular spot rounded, pale,
with a narrow black annulus, and obscured outwardly by the median
shade. The space between the spots on the cell is darker than else¬
where. The usual accessory claviform spot below the median nervure
resting on the transverse anterior line. Reniform large, pale, of the
normal shape, but so approximate to the transverse posterior line that
it appears to be fused with it superiorly and outwardly, where its black
annulus is obsoletely continued. Transverse posterior line distinctly
edged on costa, its inception taking place at a point within the reniform,
outside of which it is outwardly projected; opposite the middle of the
reniform it bends slightly inwardly, thus conforming to the shape of
the spot; it is then outwardly and roundedly projected, and runs thence
downwardly and slightly inwardly obliquely to internal margin. It is
geminate, its inner line unevenly lunulate and distinct, its outer even
and obsolete. Beyond the transverse posterior line the wing is very
dark and glossy; the irregular subterminal line is very narrow and
pale; between the transverse posterior line and the subterminal, are
three minute pale costal dots. On external margin, a very narrow
inconspicuous, broken black line; fringes a little paler than the wing,
with a basal darker shade. Secondaries griseous, glossy, gradually be¬
coming darker towards external margin, without line or discal spot
Fringes white or whitish, prominently contrasting with the wing and
showing a faint darker basal line.

Expanse, 33 m. m. Length of body, 14 m.m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Philadelphia !)

Agrotis repentis, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 58, % .)

% . Size moderate; form somewhat slender. Dark olivaceous cine¬
reous or blackish. Head and thoracic parts, above, dark olivaceous

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

851

cinereous; collar with a narrow dark line. Antennae slender, black¬
ish, slightly thickening to base. Labial palpi divaricate, the second
joint rather thinly scaled, concolorous with the head. The under tho¬
racic squamation is rather loose and long, pale olivaceous cinereous.
Abdomen cinereous; a few blackish scales above at anus.

Anterior wings rather long and narrow, silky in certain lights, dark
olivaceous cinereous or blackish, concolorous with the head and tho¬
rax above. Ordinary lines black and narrow, Basal half-line and
transverse anterior, geminate. The first dentate, its inner line distinct,
its outer faint; the space enclosed by the two is pale. The transverse
anterior is slightly outwardly oblique and thrice-waved; it is distinctly
marked on costa, but below this its inner line becomes obsolete, but
the distinct outer line is preceded by a narrow pale coincident and
faint shade, analogous to that contained by the basal half-line. Ordi¬
nary spots moderate, concolorous with the wing, with very narrow
black annuli which are unequally marked. Orbicular rounded; reui-
form of the normal shape, faintly stained inferiorly with darker scales,
with an indistinct internal annulus. Median shade distinct, especially
superiorly, outwardly projected, edging the reniform spot inwardly on
the cell ; inferiorly it spreads slightly outwardly on the veins. Trans¬
verse posterior line faint, less distinct than the median shade; at its
inception, above the reniform spot on costa, it is geminate, being pre¬
ceded by a black mark; elsewhere it is single, slightly inwardly arcu¬
ated between the veius, regular and but slightly projected ; the dark
scales extend slightly beyond it on the nervules. Three pale dots on
costa before the narrow irregular subterminal line, which is faint and
pale, preceded by a diffuse dark shade resolvable into interspaceal sa¬
gittate marks. A very narrow, black, interrupted terminal line.
Fringes but little paler than the wing. Secondaries pellucid, silky,
whitish, with a cinereous tinge which deepens externally, becoming-
very determinate along external margin without forming a limited bor¬
der. The veins are marked with dark scales ; no discal spot or trans¬
verse line; fringes white or whitish. Beneath, the primaries are dark,
unicolorous, but little paler than on the upper surface, glossy ; faint
traces of a blackish transverse line, discontinued inferiorly. Seconda¬
ries whitish, powdered with cinereous scales which are gathered into a
broad terminal baud, obsoletely limited inwardly by darker scales on
the veins ; no discal streak ; fringes as on upper surface.

Expanse , 35 m. m. Lcnyth, of body, 15 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (New York !)

352

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

The specific name which we have given this species is that given it
in INIS, by M. Gruenee, who possesses it in his Collection at Chateaudun.
Our thanks are due to M. Guenee for much valuable information rela¬
tive to American Noctuidae, communicated during our recent visit to
France, and which has assisted us materially in identifying the already
noticed species of the Family.

Agrotis muraenula, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 48, 90

9 . Size moderate; form rather stout. Pearly cinereous. Head
and thorax, above, grey, immaculate. Antennae slender, simple. La¬
bial palpi whitish cinereous, stained with blackish at the sides. Under
thoracic squamation pale cinereous. Legs cinereous, darker outwardly;
tarsi sub-annulate, marked outwardly with whitish. Abdomen whitish
cinereous.

Anterior Things cinereous, evenly frosted with equally mixed whitish
and dark scales. Ornamentation obsolete. Transverse anterior line
marked on costa by two blackish marks between which are pale scales;
below costa the line can with difficulty be discerned; it seems to be
strongly dentate and irregular, preceded by pale scales. Orbicular in¬
dicated by a small blackish stain, the annulus obsolete. Reniform
vaguely annulated, diffusely and strongly stained with blackish interi¬
orly ; the black scales forming a prominent blotch. Transverse poste¬
rior line marked on costa in the same way as the transverse anterior;
elsewhere it is sub-obsolete, being merely distinctly indicated by black
scales on the veins, succeeded by wider white dots, these edged out¬
wardly again more faintly with blackish. Thus the line, obsolete on
the interspaces, may be considered geminate, its component dark lines
including white scales between them, though visible only on the ner-
vules. Very faint traces, merely, of a subterminal line. A very nar¬
row, broken, black terminal line. Secondaries immaculate, white,
glossy, faintly dusted with cinereous about the apices ; veins marked
with cinereous ; fringes white. Along external margin, superiorly, are
narrow interspaceal marks, the fragments of the dark terminal line.
Under surface of primaries cinereous, whitish along internal margin.
Faint traces of a transverse line on the nervules and some dark scales
on the cross vein. Secondaries white, immaculate, evenly dusted with
cinereous scales over costal region.

Expanse , 38 m. m. Length of body, 17 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (New York ! Rhode Island !)

Easily distinguished by the pearly grey primaries with their obsolete
ornamentation, and by the peculiar guttate form of the transverse pos¬
terior line.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

353

Agrotis violaris. n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 59, ^ .)

£ . Size moderate; form rather stout. Violet-ashen. Head and
thorax violaceous ashen, frosted with pale scales. Labial palpi with
darker scales beneath. The scales are somewhat massed on the front
and between the antennae; these latter dark testaceous, bi-serrate, the
serratures diminishing toward the tips. Abdomen, under surface of
thorax, and legs ashen, the latter darker outwardly, with sub-annulate
tarsi; hind tibiae strongly four-spurred, the pale spurs marked cen¬
trally with black.

Anterior wings with simple and distinct ornamentation, violet ashen,
appearing as if overlaid with pale scales and sparsely irrorate with
dark points. From the reniform spot to transverse posterior line the
median space is darker colored than the wing elsewhere, the pale over-
lying scales which extend from the base outwardly to this place be¬
coming obsolete. The basal half-line is wanting, and merely indicated
by costal marks. Transverse anterior line very prominent, geminate
and distinct; its outer component line is broad, dark brownish aud
very evident; its inner, obsolete, but marked on costa; the outer line
is seemingly preceded by a pale shade (the ground color of the wing
free from irrorations) which in reality is the usual included interspace
of the line. The course of the transverse anterior line is very deter¬
minate. It is angulated below costa, thence continued straightly and
perpendicularly downwards till below the internal nervure (vein 1,
//-#.), when it is again correspondingly outwardly and rather more
prominently angulated. The median space is unusually wide. The
orbicular spot is of the ground color of the wing, with a very narrow
and partially incomplete dark brownish annulus. Reniform prominent,
but slightly constricted, narrowly circled with dark brown and with a
pale ochreouswhite internal annulus, more or less distinct, edging
the dark centre which is concolorous with the dark posterior portion
of the median space. The median shade is wanting. Transverse pos¬
terior line very evenly arcuate, slightly projected over the nervules,
thence running slightly inwardly to internal margin; it is even, not
deutated or lunulated, slightly notched at costa. It is geminate ; its
inner component line the darker and most distinct, narrower than the
outer line of the transverse anterior; its outer line is faint and the
space included is of the pale ground color of the wing, free from irro¬
rations. The subterminal space is darker shaded than the terminal,
but paler than the median space posteriorly; along its outer edge the
irregular subterminal line is indicated. Terminal line very faintly

(45) JANUARY, 1868.

TUANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

354

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

marked; fringes brownish. Secondaries glossy,. brownish cinereous,
becoming paler to base, with an indistinct discal lunule and transverse
shade line. Fringes long, whitish. Beneath, both wings are pale,
powdered with violet ashen and dark scales. Discal dots and trans¬
verse shade lines, most distinct on secondaries.

Expanse , 36 m. m. Length of body, 15 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Penna. !)

This fine species, which is very distinct in its color and the ornamen¬
tation of the primaries above, has a resemblance to certain species of
the genus Taeuiocampa.

XYLINA. Ochs.

Xylina Bethunei, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 56, £ .)

S 9 • Size and form of Xylina signosa, Walk. Pale whitish cine¬
reous shaded with ochreous. Head and thorax whitish, with ochreous
and ashen tinges. Head four-tufted on the front and behind the an¬
tennae; these scale tufts are arranged in two pairs and projected hori¬
zontally forwards. Labial palpi with a very narrow lateral dark line.
Antennae simple; the stem above clothed with pale scales, beneath it
is dark testaceous. The prothoracic scales beneath are stained darker
than the thoracic Squaination, which is very pale ochraceous whitish
as are the under abdominal surface and legs; tarsi marked with dark
scales on the joints; tibiae sparsely touched here and there with black.
Above, the abdmneu is ochraceous ashen, sprinkled with dark scales;
there is a median dark interrupted line. The thoracic squaination is
slightly mixed with dark scales, which are specially perceivable to¬
wards the inner sides of the tegulae. The thorax has a central small
ochraceous tuft.

Anterior wings with the ground color of a pale creamy-whitish,
largely shaded with ochraceous. Base of the wing pale olivaceous-
ochreous, shaded with whitish along costal region. The transverse
anterior line is indicated by black costal dots and by pairs of similar
dots on the subcostal, median and internal nervures. There are traces
of the line on the interspaces beyond these dots, which indicate that it
is interspaceally very zig-zag and dentate, but there is no coherence in
its course. Over the orbicular spot there is a transverse whitish shade.
Orbicular large, outwardly oblique, incomplete, annulated with dark
ochreous. Terminally the median space is dark olivaceous ochreous,
except along costal region, which is shaded with whitish. The reni-
form is large, inversely oblique with regard to the orbicular, a little
paler than the surrounding color of the wing and incompletely anuu-
lated with dark ochreous. The space between the spots is narrow and

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

355

constricted inferiorly by their juxtaposition ; it is surmounted on costa
by a distinct black dot, and two others, nearer together, are placed
above the reniform spot. These latter may be regarded as indicating
the inception of the transverse posterior line which, like the transverse
anterior, is fragmentary and indicated by pairs of black dots with
whitish scales between them, situated on the veins. The line itself is
faintly interspaceally visible within them and appears geminate (as is
probably the transverse anterior), inwardly slightly lunulate, with an
iucluded whitish shade which is edged by ochraeeous and, on the in¬
terspace above internal nervine, inwardly by blackish scales. Subter¬
minal line irregular and prominent, dark ochreous, succeeded narrowly
by a pale shade. The costa shows three pale dots on the subterminal
space. Terminally, the nervules are sprinkled with blackish scales,
and there is a terminal series of black iuterspaceal dots, fragments of
the usual line. Fringes ochraeeous. Secondaries testaceous, largely
and evenly shaded with dark cinereous, which leaves the costal region
free. A very faint discal mark; a broken blackish terminal line;
fringes pale. Beneath, the wings are pale whitish testaceous. Prima¬
ries with a faint discal spot and three blackish ante-apical dots on cos¬
ta; a series of black iuterspaceal dots along terminal margin. Seconda¬
ries with similar terminal marks obsolete inferiorly; a blackish discal
lunule and a faint transverse irregular narrow line composed of dark
scales. The wings are very sparsely irrorate with dark scales; this is
notably prominent along costal region of secondaries.

Expanse, 34 m. m. Length of body, 15 to 16 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Long Island, New York ! Canada!
No. (l 294,” Rev. C. J. S. Bethune !)

Readily distinguished by its pale color and ochraeeous shadings ;
the ornamentation of primaries is, as often occurs in this genus, diffi¬
cult to make out. but the markings are much more distinct than in
Xyliua signosa, Walk., with which it agrees in size and form.

Named after the Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, to whom we are indebted
for an opportunity of examining the present and a number of other
species of Nocturnal Lepidoptera found in Canada, aud whose publish¬
ed writings on this subject evince his interest in the progress of Ento¬
mology in that part of the North American Continent.

Xylina capax, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 57, 9 •)

% 9. Size large; form rather stout. Dark brown, shaded with pur¬
plish-ashen. Head with frontal and occiputal tufts. Antennae simple
and long, minutely ciliated and somewhat thickened at base in the male.

356

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

The caputal and prothoracic squamation is dark ashen, thorax and te-
gulae with a paler purplish-ashen cast; there is a blackish line on the
collar, and the tegulae are faintly edged by blackish scales. Thorax
crested in front. Legs ashen, darker outwardly, mixed with whitish
scales; tarsi sub-annulate. Abdomen, above, blackish, with prominent
tufts on the middle segments; beneath, paler, mixed with whitish or
ashen scales.

Anterior wings large and broad, brown, largely overlaid with pale
purplish-ashen ; ornamentation distinct. A dark geminate basal half¬
line. Transverse anterior geminate, outwardly dentate on sub-costal
nervure where it attains the orbicular spot, directed outwardly obliquely
till above internal nervure, when it is sharply dentated backwards on
the vein. It is brought nearly into contact with the transverse
posterior line on the interspace, owing to a corresponding, or rather
inverse, reflection of the latter line at this place. The inner compo¬
nent line of the transverse anterior is faint, but the outer is strongly
marked and, at its point of proximity with the transverse posterior line
on the sub-median fold, the dark scales extend as a prominent streak
or dash, across this narrow portion of the median space. Beyond the
transverse posterior line this dark streak is again continuous along the
submedian fold to internal angle, and forms a prominent feature of the
ornamentation of the species. The brown ground color of the wing is
more or less apparent over the median space, and is noticeably perceiv¬
able above the dark streak from its inception to internal angle. The
orbicular spot is large, pale, and outwardly oblique. Median shade
marked on costa above the orbicular. Ileniform very large, but slightly
constricted, transverse, narrowly annulated with dark blackish scales,
which are especially marked outwardly and interiorly; it is pale, with
an interior darker shaded ring conforming to the shape of the spot.
Transverse posterior line geminate, its inner component line most
strongly marked, slightly inwardly lunulate between the nervules. It
originates in two dark marks on costa above the reniform; in its gene¬
ral course it is outwardly arcuate over the nervules, running obliquely
inwardly inferiorly to submedian fold, on which it is inwardly dentate
until it nearly attains the transverse anterior line, thus greatly con¬
stricting the median space at this point; it then runs obliquely out¬
wardly, and is again dentate on internal nervure before the margin.
The subterminal line is dark and irregular, diffusely shaded, and pre¬
ceded by a narrow pale shade. The nervules are very narrowly marked
with dark scales. The external margin is slightly interspaceally exca-

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

857

vate. Fringes dark, cut with pale scales at the extremity of the ner-
vules. Secondaries blackish, becoming paler toward the base. A
discal spot and inner transverse line. An outer transverse shade
merged in the dark color of the terminal portion of the wing. Fringes
much as on primaries. Beneath, the primaries are mostly blackish,
sprinkled with whitish scales along the costal region and terminally.
Four ante-apical costal whitish dots. A discal annulated spot and two
dark transverse shade lines. Secondaries covered with mixed pale and
dark scales ; a distinct dark discal lunule and two parallel transverse
lines.

Expanse , 50 m. m. Length of hod //, 18 to 20 m. ru.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Penna. !)

This fine species is of large size and the wings are unusually broad.
Hence with its purplish-grey color it has at first sight a resemblance
to certain species of Hadena or Eurois. The structural characters of
the body parts, however, indicate its position here with a degree of
certainty. A cursory examination of a specimen of X. capax, ??. by
Mr. Lederer in Vienna, resulted in that Entomologist kindly giving it
as his opinion, that the generic position we assign to this Noctuid is
the correct one.

ERASTRIA, Ochs.

Erastria synochitis, n. sp.

S 9- Size small. Whitish. Antennae testaceous; the small palpi
are obscure testaceous. Collar and thorax whitish powdered with
blackish scales; the former edged behind with black and with abroad
central line. Under surface of the body and legs obscure whit¬
ish tinged with testaceous; tarsi subannulate with brownish; hind
tibiae with two pairs of thorny subequal spurs. Abdomen crested to¬
wards the base. Anterior wings pearly white, largely shaded with
dark olivaceous green. The transverse lines are obsolete. Basal por¬
tion, within the orbicular, largely whitish except on costa; this pale
portion is margined outwardly and obliquely by the inner edge of a
median transverse green band, which fills the entire median space of
the wing below median nervure and obtains more narrowly superiorly
to costa between the ordinary spots, being limited here outwardly by
the short median shade line. The transverse anterior line may be de¬
tected superiorly within the orbicular; it is more strongly marked on
costa; below the sub-eostal nervure it seems to form a single inward
arcuation to median nervure, thence joining the inner edge of the me¬
dian green band and running inwardly obliquely to internal margin.
The orbicular spot is white, faintly margined, irregularly shaped and with

358

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

a very distinct black dot; the latter always to be seen, whereas the
true annulus of the orbicular is apt to become obsolete and is difficult
of detection. The reniform spot is prominent, ovate, white, with an inter¬
nal diffuse blackish annulus which almost entirely fills it, leaving the
ground color to appear as a narrow encircling ring. Beyond the reni¬
form, the dark green color of the median space again obtains to the
transverse posterior line, which is here inwardly edged with black
scales. The transverse posterior line is very irregular, and appears
as a paler shade against the darker portions of the wing which it
margins. Superiorly it is prominently arcuated over the nervules to me¬
dian nervure, where it runs inwardly to within the reniform, whence
it runs downwardly, forming a short tooth below median nervure aud
a long outward areuation, to internal margin. The subterminal space,
from below the reniform to internal angle, is whitish, usually suffused
with a delicate roseate hue; this portion of the wing forms a promi¬
nent feature in the ornamentation of the species. Superiorly the sub-
terminal space is dark olivaceous green with longitudinal streaks of
black, and powdered with black scales. The subterminal line is white;
superiorly it is shortly dentate on the blackish apical portion of the
wing, it runs shortly and straightly outwardly above the broadest lon¬
gitudinal black dash, and then runs downwardly, forming slight arcu-
ations to internal margin. There is a terminal series of greenish inter-
spaceal marks, the broken terminal line. Fringes tinged with greenish,
with a basal linear shade. Secondaries griseous, silky, darker shaded
towards the external edge, with faint indications of a transverse line
and discal dot. Fringes whitish, paler than thewing, long, with a faint,
narrow, dark internal line. Beneath both wings are stained with ochre-
ous. The primaries are largely cinereous centrally. The secondaries
are powdered with dark scales, and show a distinct discal dot and an
often indistinct transverse shade line. Both wings are neatly edged
along the external margins by a broken line.

Expanse , 19 to 20 m. m. Length of body , 8 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (Mass, to Penna. !)

Allied to E. carncola, Gn., rather than to any of the other species
of the genus, but very distiuct in its coloration, which gives it the false
appearance of an Acontia. E. synochitis is of common occurrence dur¬
ing June and July, in the vicinity of Brooklyn, N. Y., where it may
be found on fences in company with E. carncola, Gn. and E. nigritula, Gn.
Erastria musta, n. sp.

£ 9 . Size small. Head and thorax obscure griseous mixed with
blackish scales; collar with a faint blackish line. Antennae dark.

AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.

859

Abdomen griseous. crested towards the base ; beneath, paler, with two
fine lateral dark lines. Legs pale testaceous griseous; tarsi subannulate.

Anterior wings of an intense bright green above. Ordinary lines
prominent and distinct, carneous with black edges. A basal half-line.
Transverse anterior line nearly straight, regularly and shortly jagged
or dentate. Median space wide. Orbicular and reniform spots dis¬
tinct; the former carneous with a prominent black central dot and a
fine black annulus; the latter, largely carneous, rounded, faintly mar¬
gined and shaded outwardly with whitish. There is an accessory spot
below the median nervure underneath the orbicular and smaller, while
similarly appearing to this latter, wanting, however, the carneous color.
There is a diffuse, discally interrupted, dark median shade Jine strongly
marked on costal region, which latter shows also a second dark shade
line. Transverse posterior line arcuated strongly over the nervules,
but running very slightly inwardly obliquely below median nervure,
thus leaving the median space wide inferiorly. This line is followed
by the narrow, but very distinct, pure white subterminal space; the
white color gives place superiorly to the green ground color of the wing.
Subterminal line black, consisting of a series of interrupted cuneiform
marks, irregular below costa. Three white costo-apical streaks. Ter¬
minal space bright green ; a terminal series of dark interspaceal marks.
Fringes dark griseous, narrowly cut with paler hairs at the extremity
of the nervules. Secondaries evenly dark griseous, silky, with no per¬
ceptible markings; fringes a little paler than the wing. Beneath, both
wings are obscure greyish ; secondaries with a darker shaded trans¬
verse line and discal dot; primaries with costal marks and dots, the
fringes plainly cut with pale shades.

Expanse , 18 m. m. Length of body, 7 m. m.

Habitat. — Atlantic District. (New York to Penna. !)

This pretty species is a miniature reproduction of E. muscosula, Gn.,
and is readily separated from the latter by its smaller size, the brighter
green of the primaries, the carneous color of its transverse lines and
ordinary spots, and quite prominently by the absence of the white sub¬
terminal line which is characteristic of Guenee’s species.

Selenia kentaria, G. <£■ It., Desc. Am. Lep. No. 1, pp. 12 — 13, figs. 5 — 6.

This species, which is a true Selenia, is mentioned to correct an er¬
ror which accompanied its original description. It is closely allied to
the European S. illunaria, with which it is compared and the specific
differences pointed out, but owing to an error in the determination of
our material of the European species, this latter is alluded to as “ Peri -
callia sy ring aria f which in reality is a distinct though allied form.

360

GROTE AND ROBINSON.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES G &

Figure 36, 9 Sesia thetis, Boisd. sp.

37, 9 Alypia dipsaci, G. & R.

38, 9 Alypia sacramenti, G. & R.

39, 'J, Alypia lorquinii, G. it R.

40, 9 Alypia mariposa, G. & R.

41, 'J, Arctia dahurica, Boisd. sp.

42, ^ Epicallia virginalis, Boisd. sp.

43, 'J, Nemeophila caes|>itis, G. & R.

44, ^ ^Nemeophila cichorii, G. k R.

45, 'J, Arctia achaia, G. & R.

46, 9 Arctia achaia, G. & R.

47, 9 Arzama obliquata, G. & R.

48, 9 Agrotis muraenula, G. <fe R.

49, % Xanthia ralla, G. & R.

50, % Xanthia puta, G. & R.

51, 9 Gortyna purpurifascia, G. & R.

52, 9 Gortyna speciosissima, G. & R.

53, 9 Agrotis collaris, G. & R.

54, 'J, Agrotis geniculata, G. & R.

55, 'J, Hydroecia sera, G. <t R.

56, ^ Xylina bethunei, G. <fc R.

57, 9 Xylina eapax, G. R.

58, % Agrotis repentis, G. & R.

59, 'J, Agrotis violaris, G. & R.

AMERICAN HOMOPTERA.

361

NOTES ON THE “APPLE BARK-LOUSE,”

(Lepidosaphes conchiformis, Gmelin sp.)

With a description of a supposed new Acarns.

BY HENRY SHIMER, A. M., M. D.

I have made the Apple Bark-louse an object of very careful study
for several years, for the purpose of becoming better informed of its
natural history; and to determine, if possible, upon some feasable plan
of destroying these highly injurious insects; or to gain any informa¬
tion that might be learned regarding its natural enemies, &c.

The leading practical Entomologists of our country, have given
very poor satisfaction regarding the natural history of this very impor¬
tant insect. Dr. Harris assures us that the young Bark-lice wander
about on the tree for ten days, and then attach themselves; and that
there are two broods of them in a season. Dr. Fitch states that
“‘these scales are the relics of the bodies of the gravid females, cover¬
ing and protecting their eggs.” (1st and 2nd Report Noxious Insects ,
New York , p. 32.) Others state that the eggs are laid in a sack or
pouch, &c.

My observations contradict these statements, and I therefore give a
synopsis of them, extracted from my Notes of the present year, with
the dates of such of the observations as appear useful in defining the
true natural history of this insect.

June 9, 1867. — A delightful, sunny morning, following several beau¬
tiful days; thermometer at noon, 86° Fahr. At 9 o’clock, A. M., 1
saw, by the aid of a pocket-lens, millions of young bark-lice running
about briskly over the limbs of the apple-trees, and on the leaves and
their petioles. This is the first day of their appearance on the bark ;
whether they were hatched and remained a few days under the scale,
or not, I cannot say; but I believe that they were just hatched this
morning.

Description of the young “ Apple Bark-louse

Form ovoid. Length .01; breadth .005; thickness .0025 inch.

Color pale yellow, with a reddish-orange spot near each extremity.
Two long, pliable, tapering hairs project backward from the posterior
extremity of the abdomen ; these taper to a very slender point, and as

(46) JANUARY, 1868.

TUANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

862

HENRY SHIMER, M. D.

they drag over the slide, are seen greatly to impede their motion, on
account of the precipitation of a very slight film or moisture on the
slide. Six short spines are seen to project from the forehead, and
many all around the body. Feet one-jointed. Two finger-like organs.
— digituli — (. Proc . Acad. Na,t. Sciences, Phil., Jan. 1867,) are readily
seen projecting beyond the extremity of the tarsi, with enlarged extre¬
mities, but which are not globular, as in the DactglosjAiseridse. These
extremities appear much like arolia or pulvilli, which I am convinced
they are, from various observations.

But upon a closer examination of the feet, we find four of these di¬
gituli, the upper pair being apparently longer, as seen from above, the
uuder pair is set somewhat farther back on the tarsi beneath, and usu¬
ally, when walking, both these lower digituli are directed forward to
aid in locomotion, when they appear bent forward; sometimes, how¬
ever, wheu the leg ^as not in vigorous motion, or when it was injured
somewhat, 1 saw them closed on the foot beneath, very much like the
thumb in the palm of the hand ; and then the movements of the insect
were very awkward, manifestly lame. I have frequently seen under
close examination, with a one-twelfth inch objective, that the insect,
when walking naturally and in possession of its full powers of locomo¬
tion, invariably projects the two inferior digituli obliquely forward, and
that it supports its weight upon them ; the upper digituli frequently
bend into quite a curve in walking, thus proving that they are corea-
ceous or membranaceous, and not corneous.

These digituli are, without doubt, of the same material as the leg.
Repeating my examinations of these tarsal organs, on the following
days, I have noted that the tarsal segment is very short, almost incon¬
spicuous as to its separation from the tibia; the digituli almost appear
to sprout out of the lower end of the tibia, so short and undeveloped
does the tarsal segment appear under the microscope.

In form, all the digituli are somewhat tapering towards the distal
end, and terminated by an enlargement or disk ; the two digituli be¬
neath present the most conspicuous disks, which, under the micrcosope,
appear blackish. The lower digituli are invariably directed forward
when the insect walks. This bending forward is caused by the mus¬
cular exertion of the insect as it pushes its body onward, giving there¬
by, sufficient backward pressure on the foot to make the digituli, on
which its weight is sustained, to bend forward as already described.

This proves two things : — 1st. That these organs beneath are true
digituli, or organs, at all events, that are sufficiently pliable to bend

AMERICAN HOMOPTERA.

863

readily, and are not horny claws. 2d. That whatever they may be,
they sustain the weight of the body. I am sure that they sustain the
entire weight; no part of the tarsal joint or tibia rests on the slide,
and consequently are of greater proportional strength than hairs could be
presumed to have ; for two hairs on the sole of each foot would not sup¬
port the weight of any animal, at least in larger animals where we are
better capable of examining hairs and other dermal appendages. We
never find hairs thus capable of producing such support. Whoever
may think that these organs are hairs, will find them of a ditferent
structure', and by such examinations and reflections will see that they
are out of all proportion, for hairs, when compared with the minute
size of the body itself; moreover, the disks, or suckers, on the extre¬
mity, is another argument against regarding them as hairs.

I breathed upon the glass plate, and the precipitated moisture caused
the setae of the abdomen to adhere to the slide, and thus prevent the
usual rapid locomotion of the insect or retard its progress entirely; but
like a good ox it pulls and struggles faithfully, sometimes backing up,
taking a fresh start, or turning iu the opposite direction ; thus it per¬
severes perpetually while life lasts. This manipulation gives an excel¬
lent opportunity to view the tarsal appendages, for it uses every means
in its power to aid locomotion, and thereby spreads apart all the organs
nature has provided, so that they can all be seen with entire satisfac¬
tion.

These methods of examination are infinitely superior to any method
of examining the dead specimen, for by no possible contrivance can we
manipulate these delicate organs so well as the animal itself, when
placed in the proper conditions.

The anal setae are more than one-half the length of the body, of cap-
pilary fineness, and at the distal end so slender as to appear as a fine
point under the one-twelfth inch objective.

Prolonged and repeated observations confirm what has been stated
above ; the more I examine the feet, the more I am convinced of the
brevity of the tarsal segment. The tarsus here is composed, probably,
of but one primitive segment or ring, while the longer tarsal joints of
other insects are composed of many, and the tibia? of scores of rings
as I have shown iu the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila., Jan. 1867.

I succeeded in crushing several of these little insects very slightly,
just sufficient to cause them to lie on the side (an operation easier spo¬
ken of than performed), by which manipulation I saw the four digituli
more nearly equal than in any other field of view. The tarsi, there-

864

HENRY SHIMER, M. D.

fore, are terminated at the extremity by four finger-like organs, — are
split up into four parts, the lower pair of digituli appearing farther
back by virtue of the obliquity of the extremity of the tarsi. These
are the only organs of prehension or locomotion, the claw being so un¬
developed as to be useless, so far as I could learn from the living ani¬
mal in every possible field of view under the microscope. Indeed, I
am not able to see any claw-like organ, in even the most imperfect
state of development, on any part of the foot, although I tried faith¬
fully, by crushing the insect in every possible manner, so as to bring
the foot into every view in the field of the microscope; yet, reasoning
from analogy, we can hardly believe that it is without ungues ; but,
scientifically, how can we assigu a place to a thing that cannot be seen?
for in anatomy we can only know by seeing.

Antennae with about seven joints, five subequal, the last two smaller,
terminated by two short branches, or forking into two parts; two spines
on the distal end of the fifth joint, about as long as one of the joints;
color same as that of the body and legs.

At 3 o’clock, P. M., I went to a cool cellar and brought out an ap¬
ple limb that I had deposited there in the morning, well stocked with
young Bark-lice ; they were all quiet — no signs of a change into the
scale-like state ; they had the same pale yellowish-white appearance,
with an orange-yellow spot near either extremity, as observed this
morning; they were all motionless, but after a few minutes’ exposure
to the warmth of the outside atmosphere, they began to move as they
were doing in the morning. I then went to the orchard, and found
more than one-half of the lice located, many of them already presenting
a very complete scale-like appearance; others were but just locating,
and yet capable of moving their limbs,

The transformation from the moveable to the fixed or scale-like state,
after anchoring themselves by the proboscis to the bark, is effected by
the operation of moulting or shedding their skins, which must be done
by rupturing it either along the sides or beneath, for at this time the
scale can be removed, and the free insect can be isolated beneath in a
memberless state. T carefully detatched some of these insects, and, by
microscopic examination, could detect the form of an independent be¬
ing, but no motion. In those most recently moulted, I can plainly see
the legs, even the digituli in the skins, but in somewhat of a curled
or distorted condition, and in a little while they become fully dry,
when they are found to have lost all trace of their limbs and former
appearance.

AMERICAN IIOMOETERA.

365

The insects lie motionless beneath the scales, with their backs hump¬
ed up, and the belly a little concave, presenting some resemblance to
a menicus glass. The sharp-pointed proboscis may be seen, in some
cases, projecting a little downward and into the bark, if we are suffi¬
ciently fortunate to separate the scale properly.

The insect is now perfectly free from its outer garment, and in cast¬
ing it off it has pulled off its legs, antennae, &c. ; henceforth it lives
beneath it as under a roof, and having no more use for legs it has am¬
putated them.

Evening. — Very few are free and moving. Strangely to me, after
reading from reputable Authors that they fix themselves in about ten
days, I behold so great a change, in one beautiful, warm, summer day.
None of those on the apple limb in the cellar have located themselves,
and I am not able, at least, to detect any in the scale form.

June 10th. — I examined the apple-trees this morning, and found a
very few larval Bark-lice crawling about on the limbs. Afternoon and
evening very showery.

June 11th. — I find a very few larval Bark-lice running on the apple
limbs. I re-examined the feet of these insects and find the same ap¬
pearance as above noted.

July 1st. — The young Bark-lice have grown considerably. The
scale has received an enlargement by a second addition to the posterior
extremity of the first, or original scale over the head, which is in its
primative location and of a yellow color. The insect, by growing, ex¬
tends backward from the primative point of attachment. The color
ot this second addition to the scale is hoary cinereous or incanus. The
first, or old scale, can readily be separated from the second; the attach¬
ment has not yet grown firm.

This scale, which so much resembles a waxy exudation, is really the
cast-off skin of the insect, cemented, by some kind of an exudation, to
the bark, and the several pieces of separate moultings are cemented
into one roof-like habitation. What this exudation may be, is a mat¬
ter open to reflection and examination. Is it an exudation from the
whole surface of the body, from the anus, or from secreting tubes in
the abdomen, as the honey-tubes in some of the Aphidians ? That it is
not a surface secretion, we know, from the fact that the integument is
always free from the scale, and the body is as strictly articulate as that
of any other insect. The absence of honey-tubes prove that it is not
secreted by such organs. I have not seen this secretion being deposit¬
ed, and presume that it will be difficult to detect; but as it is deposited

3GG

HENRY SHIMER, M. D.

gradually during the summer, it must be a secretion of some kind from
the posterior end of the abdomen ; and as I was not able to detect any
excrement inside of this habitation at any time during the summer, I
believe it to be excrementitious matter, deposited in a semi-liquid state,
which, upon drying, is the impervious tenement of the insect. This
idea may appear ridiculous to many, that an insect should use its own
dung to patch its old cast-off garments and thus construct a comfortable
house. Instead of being absurd, however, it is an example of unparal¬
leled economy. Neither is it without a partial example, for the larva
of Lema ( crioceris ) trilineata Olivier (the Three-lined Leaf-beetle, see
Harris’ lnj. Ins. p. 119,) which covers its back with its own dung to
protect it from the sun and injurious insects.

But in this Apple Bark-louse we have one of the most wonderful
examples of the economy of nature — a naked insect anchored on the
limb of a tree, exposed to all the inclemency of the elements, too poor
to secure the labor of others more favored by the Goddess of Fortune,
doomed to remain fixed to the spot for life, without limbs to help it¬
self, unable to rob some poor sheep of the fleecy covering on its back,
or to secure the products of a cotton-field : not provided with the silk
of the caterpillar, nor yet able to employ a weaver or tailor. In such
a deplorable condition it does not despair, but diligently uses the only
means at its command — its cast-off exuviae and excrement, by which it
constructs a shelter that protects, not only itself, but also its eggs from
the sun and rains of summer, and the piercing blasts of winter, with
the thermometer 20°, 30°, and even 40° below zero. Truly, the works
of nature are infinitely variable, wonderful in their extremes, and re¬
markable in adapting means to ends.

July 7th. — Examined the Bark-louse microscopically. They are
easily separated from their scales. They present at this time a flat¬
tened flask or jug-shaped appearance, in profile, obovate. The abdo¬
men is very large, the sides crenate, the abdominal extremity with a
distinct notch, the segments plainly visible, the neck and head narrow.
Color yellow. A few short hairs are visible around the margin of the
abdomen. Is is motionless, appearing pupa-like, except in wanting
marks of developing legs and wings. Length .04, breadth .02 inch.
Concave beneath, convex above. At this time a few of them appear
to be dead and drying up, but mostly when crushed a reasonable quan¬
tity of liquid juice is seen. The accidental arrest of development in
this state has led some, erroneously, to think that these small scales are
male producing.

AMERICAN HOMOPTERA.

367

July 21st. — The Bark-louse has grown much, has moulted again,
and its scale now presents three parts, distinct divisions, and conse¬
quently is becoming thicker and stronger from day to day. Each new
skin cast and its cement are light ashen-grey, which together make an
addition to the scale at its posterior end, for by several such incre¬
ments is the scale constructed, somewhat simulating shell growth in
Mollusca, but the upper older portion of the scale is reddish-brown.
The insects beneath are white, instead of yellow, as noted on the 7th,
evidently having just moulted; now, if the scale be turned up care¬
fully with a fine instrument, the insect will be found attached by the
thread-like organ (proboscis) which arises out of a groove towards the
anterior extremity of its ventral surface; this groove is formed by
two ridges, by this slender proboscis it holds on to the tree with great
tenacity; if the scale is entirely removed the insect hangs fluttering in
the breeze. I have noticed a similar trembling or jerking motion of
the insect when protected from the wind, probably a muscular effort
expressive of dissatisfaction at the loss of its covering. When thus
exposed for a few days it invariably falls off and is lost; its house is,
therefore, necessary to its life.

July 31st. — I now find the Bark-louse scale of nearly full size and
normal color; the insect snugly enclosed ; the edges of the scale much
thickened and turn in under the body, firmly glued to the tree. The
insect no longer presents the jug-shaped form, but is oblong-ovate and
very suculent, and when crushed the eggs can be seen.

Here and there, over the tree, I observe one out of about five hun¬
dred scales, that present an abnormal form and color. They are pa¬
pery-white, and much longer than the usual dark-colored scales, but I
am not able to discover any difference in the insect beneath the scales,
that is between this and those of the normal scales.

Aug. 11th. — I observe that they are beginning to lay their eggs,
and from one to a dozen can be found under each scale, towards the pos¬
terior extremity. The form of the insect is now oblong-ovoid, flattened,
cylindrical, instead of obovate, as observed during the progress of de¬
velopment. The insect is attached by the same thread-like organ,
which is about as long as the body, and produces the same jerking mo¬
tion after the scale is removed. It may now be seen, when the scale
is removed, by the naked eye at the distance of a yard or more, shak¬
ing and jerking as if agitated by the wind.

Aug. 17th. — I observe that the egg-laying season is progressing ra¬
pidly ; most of the scales are filled with white eggs, posteriorly and

3G8

HENRY SHIMER, M. D.

along the sides, where she can reach with her abdomen to deposit them.
A few have already finished laying eggs, and are dead and contracted
into the anterior part of the scale. I also observe, that the parent be¬
comes gradually smaller as she deposits her eggs, so that when she is
finishing she is not more than one-third the length she was when she
commenced, and then she dies, as I already begin to observe in a few
instances.

Of a vast number of scales examined, all that arrive to full size are
inhabited by fertile egg-laying insects. Occasionally I find a young
scale aborted in its origin or at half development; these are found
empty, the inhabitants having died from some unobserved cause, most
likely from the parasitic insect presently to be noticed. I have not
been able to find separate sexes, although I have sought diligently dur¬
ing the entire summer with this object especially in view.

Aug. 18th. — I made a microscopic examination of the thread-like
proboscis of this insect, and was able to separate it into three parts at
the point of attachment, but did not thus separate it during the entire
length.

On the parent insect and among the eggs, I saw an eight-legged
parasite* by the aid of a pocket lens. This Acarus has short, stubbled
legs, with long hairs on the tarsi; head appearing something like that
of a turtle, projecting forward of the body.

* Having made a microscopic examination of this Acarus, and believing it to
be a highly important and interesting insect, as well as new and heretofore un¬
described, I suggest for it the following name : —

Acarus? malus, n. sp.

Body pale or whitish; two long, hair-like spines behind the abdomen; poste¬
rior extremity of the abdomen emarginate, as seen from beneath. Head and
anterior legs ochraceous, the latter having the spines from the lower part of the
tibia longer than the limb itself; femur short, much swollen, scarcely project¬
ing beyond the body; tibia swollen above, tapering towards the tarsus; tarsus
abruptly smaller than the lower end of the tibia, linear, terminated by a disk —
arolia or pulvillus, the appearance under the microscope being that of the for¬
mer, without a claw or any other tarsal appendages. The two pairs of anterior
legs are well forward, encroaching close upon the head, the two pairs behind
the middle of the body somewhat more distant than the anterior pair.

A few long hairs on the abdomen, those especially springing out of the pro¬
minences, one on each side of the centre of the posterior extremity of the abdo¬
men are longer than the body itself. The hairs on the posterior legs are much
longer than those on the anterior. From the extremity of the snout the mouth
organs can be seen as short spines projecting forward. Length .003 — .005 — .008
inch : breadth half the length.

AMERICAN HOMOPTERA.

369

Sept. 15th. — The egg-laying season is drawing to a close; many of
the scales are full of eggs, the females drawn up towards the head ;
some of them brown, dry and so shriveled up as not to be observable
without close search. The eggs are placed somewhat irregularly, more
so at the posterior extremity.

"When examining a great number of scales, I find about one-fourth
of the eggs iu a damaged condition ; they are brown, or of a ferrugi¬
nous color. In some of this year’s scales all the eggs are thus brown.
A close examination proves them to have been dispoiled of their con¬
tents, the brown remnants being the dry shells; the parasitic Acarus,
above noted, is among them, and sucking the eggs. These insects are
very small, and are lying quietly among the eggs, and about the same
apparent size as the eggs. Hence, without close examination, may be
overlooked when exploring with a pocket-lens ; but close search will
prove them quite abundant, one or more under every scale thus being
dispoiled. They always begin to work among the eggs in the posterior
extremity of the scale, hence, I conclude that they enter from without,
at the opening at this extremity, left for the exit of the young Bark-
louse in the following summer.

Oct. loth. — I made a careful examination, and find many of the
Acari traveling slowly around on the bark of the tree — having dis¬
poiled all the eggs in one scale they are out searching for others. Hav¬
ing greatly multiplied during the last month, I can now find a hundred
where I found one a month ago. It is very interesting to behold this
great, and heretofore unheard-of, enemy of the Apple Bark-louse; truly,
every noxious insect has its enemies, although, like this, they may be
hard to discover.

Oct. 22d. — I spent a long time iu examining the eggs of the Apple
Bark-louse, and exploring the bark of the trees for the Acari; they are

When this insect is thrown over on its back on a glass plate, it is not able to
turn over. These Acari may readily be mistaken for young Bark-lice by the
naked eye or through a pocket exploring-lens, because each are very small,
whitish, slow-moving animals, and each have long, projecting, abdominal fila¬
ments; but the detection of eight legs and the snout-like form of the head in
the AcarUs, will be diagnostic marks, without a microscopic examination; and
the season of appearing is another feature. The color of the head and anterior
legs being about the same as that of the empty egg-shells, has raised the inquiry
in my mind — may not this color be derived from the juices of the eggs while it
is eating ? This, however, will remain mere supposition, for the Acarus is rather
too small to justify an attempt at "washing his face and hands." There is a
bare possibility that the natural color of the head and fore legs is whitish, like
the rest of the body.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

(47)

JANUARY, 1868.

870

HENRY SIIIMER, M. D.

not so abundant on the bark, traveling around, as during the fine sun¬
ny days just passed. They are mostly remaining quiet under the scales,
but here and there one may be seen on the bark, although it is quite
cool for insect comfort. The careful observer will not confound this
Acarus with another yellowish-white mite-like insect, that I find here
on the bark of the trees; this runs much more rapidly than my Aca¬
rus ; its body is, in proportion to its size, much longer, as it appears
under my exploring glass. What more might be determined of its
habits by careful observation, although very interesting, I have not
taken the time to do, neither have I made a microscopic examination.
I dont find it under any of this year’s scales, therefore I do not believe
that it is an egg-eater, like my Acarus; it may be a vegetable feeder,
or possibly feeding on the decomposing matter of the scales of former
years. ■

I raised up a great number of the new, this year’s — scales, for they
are easily distinguished from the old, last year’s, scales — and I found
that in nine-tenths of them, all, or nearly all, the eggs were destroyed;
they are all shriveled skins of a ferruginous color. Of the remainder,
only a few, perhaps one-hundredth of this year’s scale, are in the pos¬
session of all perfect eggs. In the others; at least one-half of the eggs
have been destroyed where I conducted my observations; regarding
this, I am not able to speak of many different localities.

I have no doubt that the Pomologist, who has not already seen this
Acarus, will hail its discovery with great joy ; for in this insect I be¬
hold the most, and indeed the only efficient, insect-enemy of the Apple
Bark-louse that I have been able to discover, during the eutire course
of my investigations. From my observations it can be seen that, al¬
though it may not entirely exterminate the Apple Bark-louse, yet it is
exerting a wholesome, restraining influence, doing much more than
man could do, without great trouble and expense, with a thousand
washes — an unobserved microscopic object of deep interest.

Of methods for destroying the Bark-lice, I observed that, when they
are just hatched, a strong, common, soft soap-suds is as effectual as
anything; when wet with it, the insect dies in a moment; but after
the scale is formed the case is more difficult, and soon the strongest
washes will not affect them. A hint to the wise is sufficient — watch
for the hatching of the young Bark-lice a few days after the appear¬
ance of the blossom. This year here it occurred about ten days after.

Mt. Carroll, Ill., November 1, 18(37.

AMERICAN IIOMOPTERA.

371

NOTE

The structure of the feet above noted, is very peculiar and interesting, and
in a measure, appears to separate this insect from the Coccidce proper. Its
scale-like habitation would appear, from casual observations, to be the insect
itself, and, therefore, to retain it in that family; but a thorough examination
proves the insect to be distinct from the scale, which it only uses for a habita¬
tion ; therefore, truly, also appears to separate it from the Coccidce of former au¬
thors, which is a scale-like insect, and this a scale-making insect. In that, the
scale is the body of the female, while in this the scale is a constructed roof or
habitation, and is as distinct from the insect that lives beneath, as our houses
are distinct from ourselves.

If this insect is never found in the winged state, (and after the most diligent
search for years I have never found a winged insect, or a male of any descrip¬
tion, and I am entirely convinced that the females were fertile this year with¬
out copulation) — we can only have these larvee for examining the tarsi, the fe¬
males being footless, maggot-like bodies.

The older Authors were men of close research and untiring observation ;
against them we have nothing to say, but it is proper to infer, that the charac¬
ters of the Coccidoe were correctly established ; however, I am free to confess
that my research has not been sufficiently extended to verify their results.
Their observations were conducted in a different quarter of the globe. For
me to condemn them by changing the characters they established for Coccidce >
so as to make it so different a thing as to admit this “Apple Bark-louse,” would
be sacrilege. They created the family Coccidce for the reception of scale-like in¬
sects, although in Aspidiotus the female is fixed and immoveable, yet in other
genera she may be moveable. But the characters which are permanent are,
tarsi with one joint and one claw. To this I can find no exception in the old
landmarks of this family. Here we have a scale-building insect, but the in¬
sect itself is no more scale-like, than is a dipterous larva; neither has this in¬
sect any tarsal claw.

In classification, then, how can we retain this insect under the Coccidce? To
do so is a manifest error, without making additions to the characters of this
family. Can we change the characters of a genus without examining all its
species, and determining that they all harmonize with the change? The ob¬
server cannot do this, widely diffused as they are, in the four quarters of the
world ; closet observation here is useless, the insect must be studied in its liv¬
ing, active state, in its native haunts, daily, for at least an entire season.

If we have a right, from examining a single species, to add to the characters
of a genus, we have a right, also, to deduct therefrom. And such licence would
evidently undermine the very foundations of science.

Hence, our only remedy is to construct a genus with characters that will ad¬
mit the insect in question. Some may argue that this insect for ages, by the
most profound entomologists, has been esteemed a typical representative of the
Coccidoe. What matters that? If we have been six thousand years in arriving
at a true knowledge of the natural history of this otherwise well known insect,
shall we, therefore, on account of a veneration for time-honored names, among
the cob-webs of error and obscurity, continue in error, by retaining it in a fa¬
mily whose characters no more accord with its true anatomical structure, than
they do with that of a dipterous larva ? We have a plain and simple remedy,
and but one — to the classical mind a demonstrated truth. — Create a new genus,

872

IIENRY SIIIMER, M. D.

and if needs be a new family, for its reception, however slow the scientific
world may be to adopt it, and however loth I may be to genus manufacturing.

In this case it appears necessary, at least, to place this insect in a sub-family
Coccince ; even in this step there is a manifest defect, failing to reach out far
enough.

We have in the section Monomera already two families, Dactylosphceridoe,
( Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences Plvil., Jan. 1857, — tarsi with one joint and two claws,)
and Coccidce, (tarsi with one joint and one claw.)

May we not, with equal propriety, construct a new family for this insect —
Tarsi with one joint and no claw? If these views are justifiable in the mind3
of the scientific world, we, therefore, have here a new genus, which may be
named Lepidosaphes (from Act-ij, a scale, and <ia<pfi ?, distinct), the principal cha¬
racters of which, differing from the two families of the Monomera, are : Fourdi-
gituli terminated by pulvilli or arolia, and no claio, and the female living beneath a
scale or shell-like habitation of her own constructing, and with equal propriety a
new Family, Lepidosaphidce, may be formed.

I do not introduce these ideas out of a desire to be heard, or to engage in Fa¬
mily-making. This insect has been under observation a long time, according
to Authors, both in Europe and America.

Westwood informs us that the females of Cocci and Aspidioii lose all traces of
articulations in the body as well as losing their limbs, becoming motionless and
apparently senseless objects of animal matter, resembling, in a measure, the
vegetable excrescences called galls.

My observations, in part, subjoined with day and date, for the purpose of
giving more complete assurance, and to enable any other observer to verify
them, find in the case of this insect a very different state of things. The body
of the female is distinctly articulate during the entire period of her existence,
and, without doubt, is fully as sensative as other articulates. The absence of
limbs is nothing more than an evidence of the economy of nature; limbs are
furnished these insects, as others, while they need them, when they are no
longer needed, they are lost; this loss is no evidence of “ degeneration” “as
they approach the imago state.” Indeed, legs would only be an incumbrance
to the animal, in the state of life it leads beneath its little shell-like habitation.

Nor do I introduce these views in opposition to those of Linnceas, Gocffroy,
Fabricius, Burmeister, Curtis, llcaumer, Westwood, and other great leaders and
close observers in natural science. I have nothing to say about what they saw,
but I simply give a brief history of what I saw, with some reflections upon the
results which I conceive derived therefrom.

If these views are justifiable, we have characters sufficient for a new Family
differing from the Coccidce.

AMERICAN IIOMOPTERA.

373

Family LEPIDOSAPHIDiE, Shimer.

Genus LEPIDOSAPHES, Shimer.

Lepidosaphes conchiformis, Gmellin sp.

Coccus conchif or mis, Gmellin, Ed. Syst. Nat. i, 4, 2221.

Coccus arborum linearis, Modeer, Act. Gothenb. i, 22. Geoff., Ins. Par. i, 509.

Reaum., Ins. iv, 69, pi. 5, figs. 5 — 7. Kirby and
Spence, Int. Ent. i, 201. Harris, Inj. Ins. (new ed.)
252, fig. 96.

Coccus Pyrus Malus, Kennicott.

Diaspis linearis, Costa, Faun. Regn. Nap. Gallinsetti, 21.

Aspidiotus conchiformis, Ruricola, Gard. Chron. iii, 735. Fitch, N. Y. Rep.

I, p. 31 $ III, p. 13. Walker, Cat. Homop. B. M. iv,
p. 1067. Walsh, Prac. Ent. II, pp. 31, 81.

Aspidiotus linearis, Walker, Cat. Homop. B. M. iv, p. 1067.

Tarsi with one joint ; this joint may be very indistinct — a single primative organic
ring — so that the digituli almost appear to sprout directly out of the tibia and with¬
out ungues, but splitting up into four digituli, which are arranged in their origin sub-
quadrangular ly. Female living beneath a scale or shell-like habitation of her own
constructing and of a coreaceous consistency ; this shell, or house, increasing in size
in a direction opposite to the apex or head at several distinct intervals during the
summer ; and laying her eggs beneath this shell, by extruding them from her body, as
any other egg-laying insect does.

Male unknown.

The lamented Robert Kennicott, believing this insect to be new, named it
Coccus Pyrus Malus. Dr. Fitch assures us that this is identical with that at the
East ; of this I am convinced, so far as I can be, by examining the habitations
filled with eggs, in the winter and spring time, both East and West. About its
being distinct from the European species, I am not able to say anything, hav¬
ing never visited Europe. Dr. Fitch sent specimens of this Apple Bark-louse
to Mr. Curtis, the distinguished English Entomologist, for determination, and
in reply, he says, that it is identical with Coccus arborum linearis, Geoflroy.

Now, in the condition the specimens must have reached Mr. Curtis, he had
only the shell or habitation for examination, and, therefore, he could hardly
speak understandingly regarding the animal itself; moreover, this opinion does
not appear correct, as the C. arborum linearis was described from the Elm. Cer¬
tainly, if the Elm is the natural food of this insect, it has been badly neglected in
this country — a very improbable thing for an insect of this order, to leave the
Natural Family Ulmaceoe and locate on a species of the Rosacea, differing so
widely, botanically, as they do. Mr. Curtis assures Dr. Fitch that he is right
in placing this insect under the genus Aspidiotus. Could Mr. Curtis judge im¬
partially by examining mere shells ? The recorded observations of Dr. Fitch
do not show sufficient research in the field, to entitle his opinion to any weight.
It is an easy matter to fill pages by collecting the writings and loose observa¬
tions of irresponsible parties, which usually are unreliable, and in the main
utterly worthless. The foundations of all correct reasoning and deductions in

374

HENRY SHIMER, M. D.

Natural History, and especially in Entomology, are deeply laid in thorough, un¬
tiring observation and investigation, and he that departs from this rock, builds his
castle on the sand; hence, it will not endure the storms of time.

These points of difference, between this insect and the typical Coccidce, are
very important, in that the tarsus is terminated by one claw — in this, by none,
but having four digituli instead ; in that the body of the female becomes trans¬
formed into a scale, in this the female lives beneath the scale, a distinct and
separate thing throughout the entire period of her existence.

In view of this combination of facts, I am persuaded that all close investiga¬
tors will discover in this, an insect comprising the characters of a new Family,
or at least a Sub-Family Coccinece under the Coccidce. The weight of the testi¬
mony is emphatically in favor of a new Family for the reception of this appa¬
rently new Genus. The only argument that can, scientifically, be brought to
bear against these views, regarding the classification of this insect are, that the
examinations of the feet have been derived from the larval state; to this I can
but reply, that 1 appreciate the importance of having a winged imago for de¬
scription, and to this end made every possible effort to obtain one, and could
find no evidence or sign of the existence of such a state, and hence I do not see
the projariety of waiting longer for a state, that has never been seen by any one
in this country, among the many observers of the present century, and may,
and probably will, never be seen, perhaps having no existence whatever. And
furthermore, I never find any difficulty in determining the tarsal characters of
any of the numerous Aphidians, from examining them in the larval state; the
same is true of the Dactylosphceridce. Like these larvse, this has six true legs,
having femur, tibia and tarsus, with true joints, as have other insects; these,
therefore, are manifestly no prolegs, and are entitled to our regard in classifica¬
tion.

Apparently imperfect and peculiar as are these feet, they appear well adapt-
to the wants of the insect. I have taken up the young larval “Bark-louse” on
the end of a fine needle, and was surprised to witness its ability to retain its
footing on so hard and smooth a surface, and it is jarred off of the needle with
great difficulty. This proves that the digituli are terminated by a suction or
vacuum-producing aparatus — pulvilli, or more probably planluce, or perhaps aro-
lia — and, therefore, much better adapted to travel with safety over the hard,
smooth surface of the bark of the tree, without being blown away by the sweep¬
ing winds of spring. A fall to the ground would be fatal to the life of the in¬
sect, and if it ventures upon the downy young limbs and leaves, the digituli
serve them as well as in the case of the “ Grape Leaf-louse,” as I have already
observed, in my paper on the Dactylosphceridce.

Mt. Carroll, III., November 1, 1867.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

375

Catalogue of a small Collection of HYMENOPTERA made in New Mexico
during the summer of 1867.

BY E. T. CRESSON.

The species comprised in this catalogue were collected in New Mexi¬
co, during the summer of 1867, by Dr. Samuel Lewis, while accompany¬
ing the Survey of the Pacific llailway, E.D., from Port Wallace, Colorado,
to Fort Craig, New Mexico. Dr. Lewis’s specialty being Coleoptera, he
made no effort to collect any other Order, and the species enumerated
below were accidentally captured in the net while sweeping. The fact
of nearly one-half of the species collected being undescribed, shows
what a rich harvest a good collector of Hymenoptera could reap in
that region of our country. The entire collection has been kindly
presented to this Society by the collector.

1. Urocerus areolatus, n. sp.

Female. — Black, with a bluish-green reflection ; head clothed with
black hairs; vertex with large, deep, confluent punctures, and three
rather deep, longitudinal furrows; the surface around and about the
ocelli, rugose ; cheeks polished, sparsely punctured ; clypeus longitu¬
dinally striated; antennae black, shining, punctured, as long as the
head and thorax, 24-joiuted; thorax above coarsely rugose, except
middle of mesothorax, which is almost smooth; sides of prothorax above
more coarsely rugose than rest of thorax ; pleura subdepressed on the
sides, coarsely punctured; wings violaceous-black, darker at base and
aloug costa, neuration as in the accompany¬
ing figure; legs slender, entirely shining
black, tinged with blue-green, femora deep¬
ly punctured, first joint of posterior tarsus
three-fourths the length of the tibia ; claws rufo-piceous, with a strong
inner tooth, removed from the tip; abdomen above steel-blue, with a
slight velvety appearance, very finely sculptured; the venter and sides
of dorsal segments shining and tinged with greenish, the former sparsely
punctured; terminal dorsal impression deep and rounded; anal horn
(coruus) shaped much as iu U. cyaneus, being acutely conical, not at
all shouldered, much flattened at base above, apex tuberculate, serrate
on the sides; ninth segment convex on the sides, smooth and polished,
with a few scattered punctures; ovipositor longer than the abdomen,
piceous. Length 14 lines; with ovipositor 17 lines.

376

E. T. CRESSON.

One 9 specimen. Closely allied to U. Erfwardsn, but distinct by
the different shape of the anal horn of the abdomen. The presence of
an areolet beneath the third submarginal cell on anterior wings may
be accidental, although it is exactly the same on both wings; the left
anterior wing has the separating nervure between the secoud and third
submarginal cells incomplete; the second branchial cell has a com¬
plete cross-nervure.

2. Mutilla bioculata, Cresson.

Mutilla bioculata, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 431. (1S65).

One £ specimen.

3. Mutilla californica, Radoehk.

Mutilla californica, Radochk. Cresson 1. c.

One 9 specimen.

4. Mutilla fulvohirta, Cresson.

Mutilla fulvohirta, Cresson, 1. c., p. 433.

One £ specimen. This will probably prove to be the £ of cali¬
fornica.

5. Scolia (Discolia) Lecontei, n. sp.

Female. — Head black, sparsely punctured, a large rufous spot on the
front, extending from the lower ocellus to and including the space be¬
tween the antennae, and also the emargination of the eyes; posterior
orbits, clypeus and mandibles, except tips, rufous; occiput clothed with
a dense golden pubescence ; antennae short, robust, black, scape dull
rufous; thorax with deep, rather close punctures; prothorax, except
its anterior middle, extreme lateral margin of mesothorax, tegulae and
scutellum rufous, the latter flat, with a few scattering, deep punctures;
postscutelluin bright yellow; rest of thorax black, sparsely clothed
with golden pubescence, more dense on prothorax in front, and on me¬
tathorax, the prominent, lateral lobes of the latter with an obscure ru¬
fous spot; wings fusco-hyaline, strongly tinged with yellowish, especi¬
ally along the costa to the tip of the marginal cell, beyond which it is
violaceous-black; both wings have a beautiful purple reflection, espe¬
cially towards the apical margin ; anterior wing with two submarginal
cells, the second receiving one recurrent nervure; legs rufo-ferrugi-
nous, clothed with yellowish hair, most of coxae black ; abdomen rufo-
ferruginous, sparsely punctured, shining, second to fifth segments above
stained more or less with blackish, second and third segments above
with a la rge, ovate, bright yellow spot on each side, nearly meeting on
the disk, those on the third segment more transverse and regular;
fourth segment with a transverse yellow band at tip; fifth segment with

AMERICAN IIYMENOPTERA.

377

a subobsolete, narrow, yellowish stripe near the tip, sub-interrupted in
the middle; apical margins of all the segments with a dense, rather
long fringe of yellowish hairs; venter dull ferruginous, the third seg¬
ment black at base. Length 6 lines.

One 9 specimen. At first sight this species has much the appear¬
ance of Elis Xantiana Sauss.

6. Scolia (Biscolia) flavocostalis, n. sp.

Male. — Black, deeply and rather closely punctured, clothed with
long, golden pubescence ; a spot on the anterior orbits, below the emar-
gination of the eyes, and a narrow line on lower half of posterior orbits,
yellow; mandibles bright fulvous, black at tips; antennae entirely
black, robust; a spot on each side of prothorax anteriorly and another
on postscutellum, yellow; scutellum with large, scattered punctures;
tegulae fulvous; wings hyaline, with an opaline reflection, costa broad¬
ly yellow to the tip of marginal cell, beyond which it is violaceous-
black ; anterior wing with two submarginal cells, the second receiving
one recurrent nervure; legs rufo-ferruginous, clothed with yellowish
hair, most of coxm black ; abdomen black, clothed with yellowish hair,
especially dense on the apical margins of the segments, apex of the
three basal segments more or less ferruginous; on each side of second
and third segments above a yellow ovate spot, large and transverse on
the third segment; fourth segment with a narrow, apical, yellow band,
interrupted in the middle, and dilated laterally; apex with three short
spines; venter blackish, most of the second segment ferruginous.
Length 41 lines.

One S specimen. This may be the S of S. Lewisii. It is however
much smaller.

7. Elis (Trielis) Xantiana, Sauss.*

Elis Xantiana, Sauss., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 4e ser iii, p. 18, $ 9> Cat. Spec
Gen. Scolia, p. 149, pi. 1, fig. 10 9> H h •

Scolia regina, Cresson, 1. c., p. 447, 9 •

? Scolia flavosignata, Cresson, 1. c., p. 449, % .

Two 9 specimens.

* Since the publication of the 2d Part of my Paper on the Hymenoptera of
Colorado Territory ( Proc . Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 426, 1865,) I have seen Dr. de
Saussure’s Paper, entitled “ Sur quelques Sco/ies de Basse- Calif ornie” (Ann. Soc.
Ent. Fr. 4e scr. iii, p. 18, 1863) ; in which lie describes several species apparently
identical with specimens from Colorado and New Mexico. The identity of his
Elis Xantiana 9 with my Scolia regina 9 , is decided by a specimen kindly
communicated to me by Mr. Norton, who has also sent me a specimen, describ¬
ed by the same author as the % of Xantiana, and which is identical with a spe¬
cies from Colorado described by me ns flavosignata. I had been led to suppose,

(48) FEBRUARY, 1868.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

378

E. T. CRESSON.

8. Elis (Trielis) zonaria, Cresson.

Scolia consors, Cresson, 1. c., p. 449, % . (nec Sauss.)

One % specimen.

9. Elis (Dielis) plumipes, Drury.

Sphex plumipes, Drury, Exot. Ins. i, pi. 44, fig. 5, 9 •

Scolia radula, Fabr., Ent. Syst. ii, p. 232, ■£, .

Scolia fossulana, Fabr., Syst. Piez. p. 242, 9 •

Colpa fossulana, St. Farg., Hym. iii, p. 540.

Scolia confluenta, Say, Am. Ent. pi. 29; Bost. Jour, i, p. 364.

Elis plumipes, Sauss., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1858, 245 ; Cat. Spec. Gen. Scolia,
P- 243, % 9 .

Two 9 , one % , specimens.

10. Pompilus marginatus, Say.

Pompilus marginatus, Say, Long’s Second Exped. ii, p. 333. Cresson, Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc. i, p. 68.

Pompilus (Miscus) petiolatus, Say, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 305.

One 9 specimen.

11. Pompilus (Priocnemis) terminatus, Say.

Pompilus terminatus, Say, Amer. Ent. pi. 42 ; Cresson, Trans. Am. Eut. Soc.
i, p. 113.

Two 9 specimens.

12. Pepsis formosa, Say.

Pompilus for mosus, Say, West. Quart. Bep. ii, p. 76; Amer. Ent. pi. 42.
Pepsis formosa, Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. i, p. 144.

Two 9 specimens.

13. Ammophila varipes, Cresson.

Ammophila varipes, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 457. (1865).

Three 9 specimens.

14. Coloptera Wrightii, n. sp.

Female. — Fulvo-ferruginous, smooth and polished; head broad, flat¬
tened ; clypeus tinged with yellowish, tips of mandibles and of anten¬
nae, black; cheeks with a few scattering pale hairs; thorax subopaque,
finely aciculate, transversely so above, obliquely so on pleura and sides
of metathorax ; pleura and tip of metathorax with a dense, fine, silvery
pile; tip of metathorax with a bilobed black spot; wings short, hya-

that my consors (1. c., p. 449) would prove to be the 'J, of regina, which suppo¬
sition was strengthened by the capture of both the last named species in New
Mexico by Dr. Lewis. Dr. de Saussure may, however, be correct, and my con¬
sors may be a distinct species. In this case the name of the latter species must
be changed to that of zonaria, the former name being used by Dr. de Saussure
in the paper above quoted.

Scolia Ridingsii, Cress., from Colorado, seems to agree very well with Dr. de
Saussure’s description of what he decides to be a variety of nobilitata Fabr. (1.
c., p. 18), but which, I think, is a distinct, though closely allied, species.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

379

line ; coxae more or less silvery, the posterior pair black behind ; abdo¬
men highly polished, the petioles slender, as long as the thorax, very
slightly and gradually thickened to the tip ; second petiole with a stain
near base and apex, and a transverse stain on the middle of the remain¬
ing segments (which are together not as long as the petioles and are
oval in form), blackish, more distinct laterally. Length 5£ lines; ex¬
panse of wings 5 lines.

One 9 specimen. This is the only species belonging to the genus
Coloptera that has as yet been discovered in America, the only two spe¬
cies hitherto described having their habitat in Algeria and Guinea.

At the request of Dr. Lewis, this pretty little species is respect¬
fully dedicated to General W. W. Wright, Chief Engineer of the Pa¬
cific Railway, E. D.

15. Priononyx Thomae, Fabr.

Sphex Thomae, Fabr., Ent. Syst. ii, p. 199.

Pepsis Thomae, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 209.

Priononyx Thomce, Dahlb., Hym. Eur. i, p. 2S. Saussure, Novara Exped.
Hym. p. 43.

One 9 specimen.

16. Priononyx atrata, St. Farg.

Sphex atrata, St. Farg., Hym. iii, p. 355.

Priononyx atrata, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iv, p. 266.

One 9 specimen.

17. Larrada abdominalis, Say.

Larra abdommalis, Say, West. Quart. Rep. ii, p. 77. (1823).

One 9 specimen.

18. Larra unicincta, Say.

Stizus unicincta, Say, West. Quart. Rep. ii, p. 77; Amer. Ent. pi. 2.

Larra unicincta, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 472. Packard, ib. vi,
p. 444.

Twelve % 9 specimens.

19. Gorytes propinquus, n. sp.

Female. — Black, polished, sericeous; face narrowed beneath, eyes
large; narrow frontal orbits, conical space beneath antennae, clypeus,
mandibles, except tips, and the palpi, pale yellowish; clypeus convex,
its anterior margin subsinuate ; antennae slightly thickened toward the
tips, fulvous, the three or four apical joints black ; thorax impunctured;
posterior margin of prothorax, tubercles, line over the tegulte, large
spot on each side of pleura beneath anterior wing, a small spot beneath
posterior wing, scutellum, except basal margin, postscutellum, tegulae,
and a large ovate spot on each side of metathorax, pale yellowish ; the

380

E. T. CRESSON.

triangular basal space of metathorax deeply channeled down the mid¬
dle; wings fuscous, the apex of the anterior pair subhyaline, stigma
and costal nerve yellowish ; third submarginal cell quadrangular, ob¬
lique ; legs pale yellowish, the coxae black, and the femora fulvous ;
abdomen subpetiolate, pale yellowish; extreme base of first segment, a
transverse, wavy band before the middle of the second, sometimes
slightly interrupted, and a broad band at base of the third, fourth and
fifth segments, narrowed to a point laterally, black; the black band on
third segment is continued beneath ; abdomen impunctured. Length

lines.

Described from three 9 specimens, two of which were collected in
Texas by Dr. Gideon Liucecum. This is closely allied to G. abdomi-
nalis from Colorado.

20. Gorytes tricolor, n. sp.

Female. — Black, shining, sparsely punctured, subsericeous ; broad
frontal orbits, spot beneath antennae, clypeus, mandibles, except tips,
and the palpi, lemon-yellow ; face scarcely narrowed beneath ; clypeus,
flattened, its anterior margin truncate; antennae brown-black, the scape
beneath yellow ; posterior margin of prothorax, tubercles, scutellum,
spot over the tegulae, and a transverse line behind tubercles, shading
into ferruginous beneath, lemon-yellow ; tegulae, and the metathorax,
except basal enclosed space, ferruginous; scutellum crenulated at base;
metathorax rounded above and laterally, subtruncate behind; wings
subhyaline, the marginal and part of submarginal cells and a longitu¬
dinal streak about the middle of the wing, fuliginous; stigma and cos¬
tal nerve fulvous ; third submarginal cell quadrate, scarcely at all ob¬
lique ; legs ferruginous, the tarsi and part of the posterior tibiae yellow¬
ish ; abdomen ovate, convex, polished, the second segment and the
following segments toward the apex, with scattering punctures; the
basal and three apical segments ferruginous, the apex of the former
with a broad lemon-yellow fascia, narrowed in the middle anteriorly;
second, third and fourth segments each with a straight lemon-yellow
fascia at apex, broadest on the second segment; beneath, the base and
apex, and the apical margins of the second, third and fourth segments,
ferruginous, the second and third segments with a lateral yellow spot
at apex. Length 4 lines.

One 9 specimen. ^

21. Odynerus annulatus, Say.

Odynerus annulatus , Say, Long’s Second Exped. ii, p. 348.

Two 9 specimens.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

381

22. Odynerus rufinodus, n. sp.

Female. — Black, densely and deeply punctured; head large, face
and base of clypeus with glittering pubescence, the latter subconvex ;
mandibles rufous, black at tips, the inner edge with three obtuse teeth;
palpi honey-yellow; antennae short, clavate, entirely blackish; a trans¬
verse line, interrupted medially on prothorax, a round spot on each
side of pleura, tegulae, except a brown medial spot, and two spots on
scutellum, white ; metathorax rufous, silvery on the sides, deeply ex¬
cavated posteriorly, the extreme lateral apical angles produced into a
subacute spine; wings subhyaline, the costa narrowly fuliginous; legs
entirely rufous, the posterior tarsi slightly dusky; abdomen with the
apical margins of the first and second segments reflexed and narrowly
whitish, as well as that of the third; basal segment compauulate, con¬
vex, without any transverse carina and suture at base, rufous; second
segment suddenly swollen, convex, its posterior whitish margin sinuous
anteriorly, and is continued, narrowly, beneath; fourth and following
segments entirely black. Length 3 2 lines.

One 9 specimen.

23. Odynerus oculatus, Say.

Odynerus oculatus, Say, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist, i, p. 385. Sauss., Mon. Guepe3
Sol. Supp. p. 219.

One 9 specimen. The first segment has an oblique spot on each
side.

24. Odynerus Toas, n. sp.

Female. — Black, densely and deeply punctured ; a lunate line at
base of clypeus, spot at base of mandibles, another above insertion of
antennae, another in the emargination of eyes, and a short line on pos¬
terior orbits, pale yellowish-white; clypeus with longitudinal punctures,
narrowed at tip which is subemarginate; apical half of mandibles ferru¬
ginous; palpi pale; antenna) with the scape whitish on the outside;
two transverse spots on prothorax, tegulae, except a dusky medial dot,
a large spot beneath and a small spot behind tegulae, postscutellum,
and a transverse markon each side of metathorax, pale yellowish-white;
metathorax rugulose, truncate and subexcavate behind ; wings hyaline
or subhyaline, dusky along the costa, stigma and costal nerve reddish-
brown ; legs ferruginous, coxae and part of trochanters black, tips of
femora, base of tibiae yellowish ; apical margin all the abdominal seg¬
ments, except the last, yellowish, (that on the basal segment confluent with
a lateral subtriangular spot; that on the second sinuous anteriorly,) and
a sub-basal, transverse spot on each side of second segment, pale yel-

382

E. T. CRESSON.

lowish-white; apical margin of latter segment reflexed ; the second
segment beneath with a yellowish apical margin, and the third with a
lateral spot of the same color. Length 4 lines.

Male. — Like the 9 j except that the clypeus, upper surface of man¬
dibles, a line between antennae dilated and sub-bilobed above, and the
anterior orbits almost filling up the emargination but not extending
above it, yellowish-white; the clypeus is smooth and emarginateat tip;
the antennae are black above, the scape yellowish-white beneath, the
flagellum fulvous beneath, the apical joints gradually thickened, the
eleventh joint emarginate beneath, the next suddenly smaller, and the
apical joint hooked and subacute; the lateral spots on first and second
segments of abdomen smaller and more oblique ; beneath, the third seg¬
ment has an entire apical yellowish margin. Length 4 lines.

One 9 , two £ specimens. Allied to 0. oculatus Say. Belongs to
the subgenus Leionotus.

25. Pterochilus 5-fasciatus, Say.

Pterochilus b-fasciatus, Say, Long’s Second Exped. iii, p. 347.

One 9 , two £ specimens.

26. Pterochilus Lewisii, n. sp.

Female. — llobust; head and thorax clothed with a pale fulvous pu¬
bescence ; abdomen silvery sericeous in certain lights ; head black,
densely punctured, broad posterior orbits, narrow anterior orbits from
the emargination down, the clypeus entirely, and the mandibles, except
tips, and the base and lower margin beneath, bright ferruginous; cly¬
peus subconvex, sparsely puuctured, pubescent, the tip produced and
truncate; mandibles large, long, acute at tip, with four obtuse teeth on
the inner edge before the tip, the outer surface with two oblique Cari¬
na), and the lower margin fringed with long yellow hairs; maxillae
blackish, their palpi fulvous, the apical joints fringed with very long
hairs; antennae black, the two basal joints bright ferruginous; thorax
very densely punctured, black, the upper half of prothorax, spot be¬
neath anterior wing, two large, almost confluent spots on scutellum,
and the sides of the metathorax, bright ferruginous; postscutellum and
tegulae, except a central darker spot, yellowish-ferruginous; metathorax
short and very abrupt; wings subhyaline, varied with fuliginous, the
costa and base stained with yellowish, subviolaceous; legs short and
stout, ferruginous, thc#oxae and trochanters black, the four posterior
tibiae and base of tarsi covered with short spines; abdomen robust,
sessile, very densely punctured ; first and second segments dull ferru¬
ginous, with their apical margins bright yellow, and a larger black spot

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

383

on their basal middle, that on the first segment longitudinal and even,
that on the second transverse, angular on the sides and acutely pointed
behind ; the yellow posterior margin of the second segment is slightly
and squarely emarginate on each side anteriorly; remaining segments
bright lemon-yellow, the third and fourth more or less black at base ;
the two apical segments are tinged with orange and the third to fifth
segments have a transverse orange spot on each side ; beneath ferrugi¬
nous, with a lateral yellow spot at tip, and a large semicircular black
mark on the base of the second segment. Length 82 lines.

One 9 specimen. This fine species resembles P. 5 -fasciatus Say,
but is quite distinct.

27. Polistes Navajoe, n. sp.

Female. — Head pale yellow, the venter, occiput and tips of mandi¬
bles, black; a yellow spot, confluent with the orbits, on each side be¬
hind the ocelli ; clypeus rounded and ciliated anteriorly, sparsely punc¬
tured and pubescent ; cheeks tinged with fulvous ; antennae fulvo-fer-
rugiuous, the middle of flagellum black; thorax velvety-black; poste¬
rior margin of the prothorax, broader in front, tegulae and scutellum
ferruginous; the mesothorax has sometimes a faint reddish stain on
each side ; metathorax pubescent, obliquely striated, with a deep cen¬
tral, longitudinal channel; wings fuscous, ferruginous along the costa
and at base, subviolaceous, uervures and stigma ferruginous ; .legs black,
tips of all the femora, the four anterior tibiae, basal half of the poste¬
rior pair, and all the tarsi, tinged with fulvous ; abdomen longer than
the head and thorax, sericeous, the first and second segments above and
beneath, except apical margins, broader on the second segment, and
the basal margin of the third segment above and beneath, black; the
remainder lemon-yellow; the anterior half of the apical margin of the
second segment above is fulvous, shading gradually into the yellow,
sometimes this margin is entirely fulvous; the third aud remaining
segments have a faint, central, longitudinal, fulvous streak and a lateral
spot of the same color, that on the third segment sometimes very dis¬
tinct. Length 9 — 10 lines.

Four 9 specimens. This occurs also in Arizona.

2S. Polistes flavus, n. sp.

Female. — Lemon-yellow, base of clypeus, vertex and cheeks tinged
more or less with fulvous; clypeus subdepressed, subquadrate, sparsely
punctured, each puncture giving out a short fulvous hair, apex angu¬
lar, ciliated, the lateral angles with two teeth, the inner one the longest;
tips of mandibles black; space between antennae protuberant; anten-

1

384

E. T. CRESSON.

nae entirely fulvous, darker above ; mesothorax fulvous, the incisures
and a longitudinal black line on the disk, abbreviated posteriorly, black,
a faint line on each side of the disk and the lateral margins, yellow ;
prothorax faintly tinged with fulvous, its posterior margin yellow; me¬
tathorax with a deep central, longitudinal channel; tegulae with a me¬
dian, fulvous dot; wings varied with fuliginous, darker along the costa,
a bright violaceous reflection, base of both wings, a narrow, longitudi¬
nal streak through the middle of the wing, and most of the second sub-
marginal cell, subhyaline ; stigma, costal vein from the stigma to the
base and the nervures at the base of the wing, fulvous, the rest black ;
legs faintly tinged with fulvous at base and on the tarsi ; abdomen
bright lemon-yellow, not longer than head and thorax, subsericeous, a
central longitudinal streak posteriorly, a spot at base of first segment,
a narrow line across its middle, slight stains on each side of first and
second segments at base, a transverse spot on each side near the apex
of the second to fifth segments connected by a slender arcuated line
(both above and beneath), fulvous ; basal segment triangular, its apical
breadth equal to its length. Length 9 lines.

One 9 specimen.

29. Andrena mellea, n. sp.

Female. — Honey-yellow, clothed with pale appressed pubescence,
especially dense at the sides of the face, on the legs and apical margins
of abdominal segments; head black, the clypeus, spot above, mandibles
at base and stains on the cheeks, honey-yellow ; clypeus sparsely puuc-
tured, its anterior margin subarcuate ; antennae short, blackish at tips;
thorax closely punctured, mesothorax longitudinally impressed anteri¬
orly ; metathorax truncate behind and stained with blackish down the
posterior middle, the sides and the pleura entirely, black; wings fsuco-
hyaline, subviolaceous, the costa broadly fuscous, nervures brown, stig¬
ma and costal nerve honey-yellow; third submarginal cell much longer
than the second, narrowed for one-half its length toward the marginal
and receiving the second recurrent uervure near the apex ; legs en¬
tirely honey-yellow, the tibiae and tarsi densely clothed with yellow pu¬
bescence ; abdomen large, ovate, depressed, densely and finely punc¬
tured, the apical margin of the second, and the following segments en¬
tirely, more dense on their apical margins, densely clothed with pale
yellowish, appressed pubescence; the first and rest of secoud segment
without pubescence (probably denuded); a narrow, sub-basal, blackish
fascia on the second and two following segments, the base of the first
segment, and middle of apical segment, black ; venter entirely liouey-
yellow. Length G lines. One 9 specimen.

AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA.

385

30. Nomia Nortoni, n. sp.

Female. — Black ; sides of face, cheeks, thorax anteriorly, posteriorly
and laterally, the legs, and base of abdomen, densely clothed with
ochreous-yellow pubescence ;' antennae short, with the flagellum testa¬
ceous beneath; thorax rather closely and deeply punctured, scutellum
sparsely so, the latter impressed medially, (the mesothorax and scutel¬
lum are shining and may be denuded of pubescence); metathorax
truncate ; wings subhyaline, their apical margins fuliginous, nervures
brown-black ; second submarginal cell small, quadrate, the third as
long as the first and narrowed one-half toward the marginal, receiving
the second recurrent nervure between the middle and apex; legs ro¬
bust, densely pubescent, especially the posterior pair, posterior tarsi
golden within ; abdomen ovate, shining, subconvex, the apical half or
one-third of the segments transversely impressed ; second, third and
fourth segments each with a beautiful emerald green apical margin ;
apical segments with black pubescence; ventral segments fringed
with ochreous pubescence. Length 7i lines.

Male. — Differs much from the 9 ; the head is smaller, with the face
densely clothed with ochreous pubescence; the antennae are nearly as
long as the head and thorax, gradually attenuated to the tip, bright
fulvous, the scape above and a line on the flagellum above, brown-black,
the scape densely pubescent beneath, the joints very distinctly defined,
the terminal joint nearly as long as the basal joint and pointed at tip;
the anterior half of the mesothorax is densely clothed with fulvo-ochra-
ceous pubescence; the four anterior tibiae in front and their tarsi are
honey-yellow; the posterior femora arc short and enormously swollen,
being almost globose exteriorly, but are concave within ; their tibiae
are short, dilated posteriorly, and are dilated at tip beneath into an ir¬
regularly shaped process, which is deeply excavated beneath the inser¬
tion of the tarsi, and present, on the inner edge, three long, acute
spines; the tibiae are yellow, black at base; their tarsi are yellow,
dusky at tips, the basal joint very long, flat, and broader at base; the
abdomen is more depressed and subparallel, clothed, especially at base,
with short pale pubescence; the apical fasciae of the second, third and
fourth segments are of a paler green, and the fifth segment has also a
greenish fascia, which does not, however, extend the whole width of
the segment; apex densely clothed with black pubescence; the apical
segment is emargiuate at tip; beneath, the second and third segments
present broad, flattened, slightly concave plates, each with a sharply
impressed line down the middle, the sides are densely pubescent.
Length 7f lines.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC.

(49)

FEBRUARY, 1868.

3S6

E. T. CRESSON.

One 9 specimen. Described from three 9 , and one £> , specimens.
The £> and one 9 was found in Colorado by Mr. James Hidings, and
one 9 , in the collection of Mr. Edward Norton, is from Kansas.

31. Nomia 1 apacha, n. sp.

Female. — Black, shining, the head, sides of thorax, mesothorax,
postscutellum, legs, sides and apex of abdomen and the apical margins
of all the segments, densely clothed with short, dull yellowish pubes¬
cence; second joint of antenna) dull rufous; metathorax truncate and
subexcavate behind; tegulae very large and pale fulvous; wings yel¬
lowish-hyaline, the apical margin fuscous, stigma and costal nerve ful¬
vous ; tibia) and tarsi more or less fulvous, the posterior legs with the
pubescence long and dense, basal joint of tarsi large and flat, claws
cleft; abdomen oblong-ovate, subconvex, the segments transversely im¬
pressed at base and apex, the first segment deeply and angularly exca¬
vated at base and transversely impressed on the middle; apical mar¬
gins of the first and second segments rufo-testaceous and pubescent
only on the sides; ventral segments densely fringed with long dull
fulvous pubescence. Length 7 lines.

One 9 specimen. This also occurs in Colorado.

32. Perdita? albipennis, n. sp.

Female. — Jdead and thorax dark metallic green, the latter above
brassy -green ; rather thickly clothed with erect whitish pubescence;
clypeus polished, tinged with purplish at tip, a longitudinal yellow line
down the middle and a transverse yellow spot on each side; mandibles
long, curved at tip, fulvous on the middle; antennas short, black above,
testaceous at tip and beneath, the scape yellow beneath ; a subinter-
rupted line on prothorax, and the tubercles, yellow; tegulae testaceous ;
wings whitish-hyaline, with an opaline iridescence, nervures and stigma
white; wing-cells arranged as in Perdita , except that the marginal
cell is a little longer; legs black, paler at tips, thickly clothed with
pale pubescence, especially long and dense 011 the four posterior tibiae;
abdomen ovate, flat, blackish, apical margins of segments subtestaceous,
a dot on each side of first segment, a broad band at base of the four
following segments, slightly sinuous behind and narrowest on second
segment, lemon-yellow; apical segments pale fulvous, clothed with
wjiitish pubescence; beneath, the segments are blackish, with pale api¬
cal margins, and subpubescent. Length 3| lines.

One 9 specimen. Also found in Colorado.

33. Anthidium occidentale, 11. sp.

Female. — Black, densely punctured, head and thorax clothed with
a dense white pubescence, long on the cheeks and sides of the meta-

AMERICAN HYMEN OPTER A.

387

thorax, and tinged with yellowish on the vertex and mesothorax; an¬
terior orbits, dilated below, and a large triangular spot on each side of
the clypeus, white ; one specimen has the clypeus entirely white, while
another has it white with a black mark at base; lateral margins of the
mesothorax and two small round spots on the scutellum, yellowish-
white; wings subhyaline, slightly stained with yellowish, the marginal
cell, the apical margin of both wings broadly fuliginous; legs black,
the coxm and femora clothed with white pubescence and the tibiae and
tarsi with golden pubescence; tip of the anterior femora and their ti¬
biae within and generally the intermediate tibiae within, fulvous; ab¬
domen shining, more finely punctured than the head and thorax,
clothed above with a short yellowish pubescence, long and white at
base; the first five segments each with an apical yellow fascia, broad
at the sides and attenuated toward the middle, interrupted on the mid¬
dle of the first segment, and emarginate on each side of the first three
segments, the fasciae on the fourth and fifth segments are the broadest;
sixth segment with a large yellow mark, deeply notched anteriorly ;
venter with a very dense clothing of fulvous hairs, becoming whitish
toward the base. Length 5 — 6 lines.

Mule. — Same as the 9 i except that the face is clothed with a long
dense white pubescence, the anterior orbits, clypeus and mandibles,
except tips, are white; the mesothorax is margined laterally with whit¬
ish in oue specimen only, and the scutellum is immaculate in all the
specimens; the tibiae have a white spot at base and are tipped with
white, with a ferruginous spot at the extreme apex; tarsi white, dusky
at tips; the fasciae on the first four segments are slightly emarginate
on each side anteriorly, and that on the fifth segment is broad, slightly ,
constricted in the middle; the sixth segment is yellow, emarginate an¬
teriorly with black, the apical edge is recurved and rounded ; apical
segment and venter black. Length same as 9 •

Described from four 9 , four £ specimens. Also taken in Colorado.

34. Anthidium maculifrons, Smith.

Anihidium maculifrons, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. ii, p. 214. Cresson, Proc. Ent.

Soc. Phil, iii, p. 375.

One % specimen.

35. Anthidium atrifrons, n. sp.

Female. — Black, densely and very finely punctured, clothed with a
dense whitish pubescence, that on the vertex and thorax above tinged
with fuscous; head entirely black, except a white spot at the summit
of each eye; anterior margin of the clypeus denticulated; four elong¬
ate spots on the margin of the scutellum, the tubercles and the tegulae,

388

E. T. CRESSON.

except a central black spot, white ; wings subhyaline, costal half of the
marginal cell fuliginous; ncrvures black; legs black, all the tibiae with
an exterior white streak, the tarsi densely clothed with white pubes¬
cence exteriorly and brownish within ; abdomen clothed above with
a short, thin, white pubescence, more dense at the base, each segment
has a subapical whitish fascia, dilated on the extreme sides, all of them
slightly interrupted in the •middle, and emarginate on each side ante¬
riorly, except that on the lirst segment, which encloses a black dot;
the fasciae become broader on the apical segments; ventral scopa short
and white or yellowish-white.

Described from four $ specimens. Also taken in Colorado.

36. Epeolus remigatus, Fabr.

Melecta remigata, Fabr., Syst. Fiez. p. 387. Cresson, Troc. &c. iii, p. 393.

One 9 specimen.

37. Melissodes menuachus, n. sp.

Male. — Black ; bead, thorax and legs densely clothed with a long
ochreous or fulvo-ochraceous pubescence, the apical margins of the ab¬
dominal segments fringed with a short dense, pubescence of the same
color; clypeus entirely, and a spot at base of mandibles, pale yellow¬
ish ; antennae three-fourths the length of the body, bright fulvo-testa-
ceous, darker and sometimes blackish above, the base blackish; wings
hyaline, the ncrvures, as well as the teguloe, pale fulvous; legs thickly
pubescent, tarsi more or less fulvous; abdomen ovate, thinly clothed,
except at apex, with ochreous or fulvo-ochraceous pubescence ; the de¬
pressed, apical margins of the segments pale testaceous; on the ex¬
treme lateral, basal margin of the fifth segment a short angular acute
tooth, and a smaller one at the base of the sixth segment, the apex of
this segment is concave, with the sides acutely reflexed and its tip trun¬
cate; venter brownish, with the apical margin of the segments fringed
with ochreous pubescence. Length 5 — 51 lines.

Two £ specimens. Also found in Colorado.

1 1ST 2D E X

The names of new genera and of new species are followed by the name of the

Author.

Page.

Abia . 46

capri folium, Norton . 46

oerasi . . 4.7

ICennicotti, Norton . 46

Acarus? malus Shimer . 368

Acordulecera . 49

dorsalis . 49

Acratus Horn . 165

flavipennis Horn . 166

Adelocephala . 7

albolineata . 10

bicolor . 10

grandis G. & Jt . 8

qradrilineata G & 11.... 11

Agenia . 121

Agrotis collaris G. <£• R . 34S

geniculata G. & R.... 349
muraenula G. d% R... 352

repentis G. d • R . 350

violaris G. & R . 353

Aleyrodes. Descriptions of a new
species of, by H. Shimer, M. D....281

Aleyrodes asarumis Shimer . 281

Allantus . 260

annularis Norton . 262

basilaris . 261

dubius . 262

interruptus Norton . ,.263

maximus Norton . 263

obesus . . 264

originalis Norton . 261

unicinctus . 264

Alypia . 326

dipsaci G. dr R . 326

lorqumii G. dr R . 328

mariposa G. & R . 329

sacramenti G. d R . 327

Amasis . 48

Ammophila varipes . 378

Amphizoa insolens . 154

Andrena mellea Cresson . 384

Page.

Anoplotrupes . 318

Anthidium atrifrons Cresson . 387

maculifrons . 387

occidentale Cresson . 386

Aphidse. On a new genus of, by IT.

Shimer, M. D . 283

Aporus . 137

fasciatus . 137, 149

Apple Bark-louse. Notes on, by H.

Shimer, M. D . 361

Archiearis brephoides . 188

infans . 189

Arctia achaia G. dr R . 334

dahurica . 336

Arzama obliquata G. & R . 339

Asopia anthoecioides G. dr R . 15

unimacula G. & R . 14

Athalia . 242

proxima . 243

Atomacera . 56

eellularis . 57

debilis . 57

ruficollis . 57

Aulacomerus . 224

Blasticotoma . 52

Botys adipaloides G. dr R . 26

cinerosa G. d • R . 18

citrina G. dr R . 23

coloradensis G. & R . 25

diffissa G. & R . 19

generosa G. & R . 20

gracilis G. A R . 25

haruspica G. & R . 19

insularis G. & R . 24

laticlavia G. & R . 17

marculenta G. & R. . 23

plectilis G. & R . 27

posticata G. &, R . 22

signatalis G. & R . 16

ventralis G. & R . 21

Ca m ptopr i um . 224

390

INDEX

Page.

Cecidomyia. Description of a new spe¬

cies of, by H. Shinier, M. D . 2S1

Cecidomyia aceris Shimer . 281

Cepkalocera . 50

? calcar Norton . 51

Ceropales . 138

agilis . 142

bipunctata . 138

clypeata . 142

cubensis . 141

fraterna . 140

longipes . 139

nigripes Cresson . 139

Kobinsoni Cresson . 140

Cimbicides . 39

Cimbex . 40

americana . 40

Cladius . 73

isomera . 74

Clavellaria . 44

Cnemotrupes . 317

Coelodasys leptinoides . , . 177

Coloptera Wrigktii Cresson . 378

Cotalpa . 168

ursina Horn . 169

Crsesus . 83

latitarsus . . . 84

Ctenucka ockroscapsus G. & It . 330

rubroseapsus . 331

Dasydera Cooperi Horn . ....164

Dasylopkia interna . 176

Dictynna . 224

Didymia . 59

concinna . , . 59

fusca . . . 60

versicolor . 60

Dineura . 239

lateralis Norton . 240

linitus Norton . 240

litura . 240

parvus Noi'ton . 241

Dolerus . 233

abdorninalis . 237

apricus . 236

aprilis . 236

arvensis . 235

bicolor . 238

Page.

Dolerus collaris . 236

maculicollis . 238

sericeus . 235

similis . 23S

Tejoniensis . 239

unicolor . 234

versa Norton . 236

Drasteria agricola G. & It . 189

mundula G. & Jl . 191

Druida . 224

Elis plumipes . 378

xantiana . 377

zonaria Cresson . 378

Empkytus . 226

ajoertus . 228

articulata . 233

cinctipes Norton . 229

inornatus . 227

maculatus . 232

mellipes . 228

platycerus . 2.32

recens . 232

semicornis . 231

tarsatus . 231

testaceus . 230

varianus . 229

versicolor Norton . 230

Epeolus remigatus . 388

Epicallia guttata . 334

virginalis . 333

Erastria musta G. & It . 358

synockitis G. & It . 357

Euura . 79

orbitalis . 79

perturbans . 83

s. nodus . 82

s. ovum . 80

Fenella . 225

Fenusa . 225

ambiguus Norton . 225

curtus . 225

Ferreola . 133

formosa . 133

sanguinea . 133

variegata . 133

Geotrupes of Boreal America, by Geo.

H. Horn, M. D.... . 313

INDEX.

391

Page.

Geotrupes . 320

Gnophaela aequinoctialis... . . 331

Hopfferi G. k R . 3.32

vermiculata . 332

Gortyna inquaesita G. k R . 344

purpurifascia G. k R . 341

speciosissima G. k R . 342

Gorytes propinquus Cresson . 379

tricolor Cresson . 380

Hamamelistes Shinier . 283

cornu Shimer . 283

spinosus Shimer . 284

Heliothis pliloxiphaga G. k R . 187

Hesperia alternata G. k R . 3

fusca G. k R . 2

Logan . 288

nemoris . 288

Nortonii Edwards . 287

Osyka Edwards . 2SS

Pilatka Edwards . 287

punetella G. k R . 1

rurea . 288

Heterarthrus . 226

Heterocampa brunnea G. k R . 180

elongata G. k R . 184

obliqua . 178

pulverea G. k R . 185

tessella . 182

Hydroecia sera G. k R . 345

Hylotoraides . 51

Hylotoma . 59, 62

abdominalis . 66

analis . 65

clavicornis . 66

coccinea . 71

coeruleus . 65

dorsalis . 67

dulciaria . 70

fascialis Norton . 69

humeralis . 68

lepida . 71

McLeayi . 64

miniata . 70

pectoralis . 70

poscila . 63

procera . 68

rubiginosa . 72

Page.

Hylotoma rubra . 71

scapularis . 67

semifuscus Norton . 69

virescens . 65

Ichneumonidse. A List of H. Ameri¬
can, by E. T. Cresson . 289

Ichneumon . 290

acerbus Cresson . 293

albomarginatus Cresson. ..‘EG

anceps Cresson . 309

apertus Cresson . 293

atrifrons . 298

calitergus . 299

canadensis Cresson . 308

citrifrons Cresson . 307

clarus Cresson . 297

comes . . 301

consignatus Cresson . 29S

creperus Cresson . 298

Dakota Cresson . 302

disparilis Cresson . 307

duplicatus . 309

electus Cresson . 304

excultus Cresson . 293

facetus Cresson . 311

feralis Cresson . 301

finitimus Cresson . 304

fungor . 306

fuscifrons . 307

galenus Cresson . 292

hariolus Cresson . 305

Hebe Cresson . 306

hebrus Cresson . 305

helvipes Cresson . 297

helvolus Cresson . 312

helvus Cresson . 312

histricus Cresson . 294

honestus Cresson . 310

hospitus Cresson . 306

improvisus Cresson . 296

infidelis Cresson . 296

insolens Cresson . 302

instabilis Cresson . 303

inurbanus Cresson . 302

lcetus . 300

lascivus Cresson . 309

Lewisii . 307

392

INDEX.

Page.

Ichneumon magniceps Cresson . 299

m a i u s Cresson . 307

mellipes Cresson . 295

milvus . 305

mimicus Cresson . ...300

multor . 299

Norton ii Cresson . 304

ornatipes Cresson . 294

puerilis Cresson . 296

pullatus . 294

quadriceps Cresson . 312

robustus Cresson . 298

rogalis Cresson . 295

ssevus Cresson . 296

sagus Cresson . 294

saucius . 293

seitulus . 310

semicasruleus Cresson.... 302

signatipes Cresson . 30S

subdolus Cresson . 298

torvinus Cresson . 292

? trogiformis . 307

tumidifrons Cresson . 311

ultus Cresson . 295

utilis Cresson . 311

uxorius Cresson . 310

ventralis Cresson . 208

vincibilis Cresson . 312

viola . 292

volesus Cresson . 304

W-album . 309

zebratus Cresson . 299

zelotvpus Cresson . 299

Larrada abdominalis . 379

unicincta . 379

Lepidoptera. Descriptions of Ameri¬
can . 1, 171, 323

Lepidoptera. Descriptions of Diur¬
nal . 286

Lepidosaphes Shimer . 373

conchiformis . 373

Lepitopus . 84

Lichnanthe canina Horn . 164

Limenitis Proserpina . 286

Lipocosma albolineata G. & R . 28

Lycacna violacea . 287

Macrophya . . . 265

Page.

Macrophya albomaculatus . 272

bifasciatus . 277

californicus . 275

cestus . 277

dejectus . 273

epinotus . 268

eurvthmia Norton . 276

excavatus . 266

extern us . 271

fascialis Norton . 276

flavicoxae . 269

formosus . 277

fuligineus Norton . 273

fumator Norton . 279

goniphorus . 279

incertus . 269

intermedius . 278

lineata Norton . 269

niger . 273

Omega Norton . 280

pannosus . 270

pluricinctus . 267

proximata Norton . 270

pulchella . 268

pumilus Norton . 272

tibiator . 271

trisyllabus . 274

trosulus . 279

varius . 275

zonalis . 274

Melicerta . 226

Melissodes menuachus Cresson . 388

Messa . 222

hyalina . 222

Mutilla bioculata . 376

californica . 376

fulvohirta . 376

Mycotrupes . 314

Mygnimia . 143

mexicana Cresson . 143

panamensis Cresson . 150

ustulata . 143

Nematus . 193

aureopectus Norton . 219

bivittatus . 219

brunneus . 205

chloreus Norton . 221

INDEX. 393

Page.

Nematus coneolor Norton . 196

corniger . 199

crassus . 213

desmodioides . 211

erythrogaster . 205

extensicornis . 197

fallax Norton . 198

fulvipes . 212

fur . 206

bospes . 218

Hudsonicus Norton . 207

inquilinus . 213

integer . 216

Labradoris Norton . 196

lateralis Norton . 211

• longicornis . 202

longulicornis Norton . 214

luteolus Norton . 200

luteotergum . 206

malaeus Norton . 196

mary.landicus . 197

mendicus . 220

monela Norton . 198

monochroma . 221

nigritus . 201

obscurus . 203

pallicornis . 203

placentus Norton . 213

pleuricus Norton . 208

proximatus . 202

rufofasciatus Norton . 205

satkatchewan Norton . 200

s. pisum . 204

s. pomum . 216

stigmatus . 221

subalbatus . 199

sumptus Norton . 207

suratus . 198

trilineatus Norton . 215

trivittatus Norton . 218

ventralis . 201

ventricosus . 208

vertebratus . 215

violaceipennis Norton . 201

winnepeg Norton . 198

Nemeophila caespitis G. & It . 337

cicborii G. & It . 338

Page.

Nomia ?apacha Cresson . 386

Nortoni Cresson . 385

Notocyphus . 134

albopictus . 134

plagiatus . 134

Odynerus annulatus . 380

oculatus . 381

rnfinodus Cresson . 381

Toas Cresson . 381

Onychotrupes . 314

Pachylostica . 48

Pachylota . 73

Parapompilus . 135

Naomi . 135

Pepsis . 143

amethystina . 149

cserulea . 147

castanea . 147

cyanea . 145

domingensis . 146

dubitata Cresson . 144

elegans . 144

formosa . 144, 378

ignicornis . 148

luteicornis . 145

marginata . 145

Montezuma . 146

obscura . 149

ornata . 148

prismatiea . 148

quadrata . 147

ruficornis . 148

saphirus . 149

Somineri . 146

sulphureicornis . 147

Perdita? albipennis Cresson . 386

Perga . 50

Pericallia kentaria G. & JR.... . 12

Perreyia . 223

capitulum Norton . 223

comptus Norton . 223

Phfeocbrous ? Behrensii Horn . 163

Plagiocera . 48

Planiceps . 135

eollaris . 136

coneolor . 137

cubensis Cresson . 136

394

INDEX

Page.

Planiceps niger Cresson . 136

notabilis . 137

Plectrodes Horn . 166

pubescens Horn . 167

Polistes flavus Cresson . 383

Navajoe Cresson . 383

Pompilidse. Xotes on the N. A . 85

Pompilus . 85

aceeptus Cresson . 130

Eethiops . 87

agilis Cresson . 126

albopilosus Cresson . 125

algidus . 101

alienatus . 117

americanus . 99

anceps . 95

angustatus . . 89

apiculatus . 103

architectus . 122

arctus . 92

argenteus Cresson . 93

atramentarius...... . 90

atrox . 98

azureus Cresson . 131

bellus . 130

biguttatus . 96

bipartitus . 101

bombycinus Cresson . 125

brevicornis Cresson . 90

brevis Cresson . 123

caerulescens . 122

caerulipes . 132

ealcaratus Cresson . 128

calipterus . 93

cincticomis Cresson . 120

cinctipes Cresson . 102

compressiventris . 110

congruus Cresson . 129

conicus . 115

coruscus . 103

cubensis . 93

cupidus Cresson . 122

cylindricus Cresson . . 92

Dakota Cresson . 121

divisus Cresson . 100

? elegans . 109

epkippiger . 99

Page.

Pompilus erythrus . 110

ferrugineus . 107

flammipennis . 119

flavopictus . 97

fortis Cresson . 113

fulgidus . 94

fulgifrons Cresson . 114

fulvicornis Cresson . 112

funereus . 93

fuseipennis . 102

germanus Cresson . 116

Gundlachii . 106

humilis Cresson . 91

hyacinthinus Cresson . 90

ingenuus Cresson . 89

interruptus . 104

iridipennis Cresson . 127

?legatus Cresson . 109

lepidus . 94

long ulus Cresson . 129

luctuosus . 88

macer . 130

maeulipennis . 112

magnus Cresson . Ill

mareidus . 110

marginatus . 98, 378

? Mariae Cresson . 108

maurus Cresson . 88

mellipes . 128

mexicanus Cresson . 130

Montezumia . 132

mundus . 106

navus Ci-esson . 105

nebulosus . 113

nigripes . 117

nigropilosus Cresson . 124

noth us Cresson . 118

nubeculatus . 119

nuperus Cresson . 118

orbiculatus . 132

orbitalis . 103

parcus . 119

parvus . 91

petiolatus Cresson . 127

jihiladelphicus . 87

pomilius Cresson . 116

pulchellus . 120

INDEX.

395

Page.

Pompilus pulchrinus Oresson . 126

pulchripennis Cresson . 123

?purpuripennis . 94

regalis . 94

Sartorianus Cresson . 120

scelestus . 38

scitulus Cresson . 118

semirufus Cresson . 100

subargenteus . 103

subopacus Cresson . 114

subviolaceus Cresson . 91

subvireseens Cresson . 131

tenebrosus . S9

terminatus . 113, 37S

torridus . 110

tropicus . 98

unicus Cresson . 95

unifaseiatus . 112

uniformis . 110

validus Cresson . 116

varipes Cresson . 126

velox . 121

violaceipes . 130

virginiensis Cresson . 92

Priocnemis . Ill

Priononyx atrata . 379

Thomse . 379

Pristipliora . 75

grossularise . 77

identidem Norton . 77

idiota Norton . 77

relativus Norton . 77

sycophanta . 76

tibialis Norton . 76

Pseudomorphidae. Notes on . 151

Pseudomorpha Cronkhitei Horn . 151

Psephopaectes G. R . 5

simulatilis G. & R . 6

Pterochilus Lewisii Cresson . 382

5-faseiatus . 382

Ptilia . 61

biramosa . 61

filiformis Norton . 62

Pyralididae . 14

Scarabffiidas. New genera and spe¬
cies of Western . .163

Schizocerus . 54

Page.

Schizocerus abdominalis . 55

ebenus Norton . 55

plumigera . 54

privatus Norton . 56

sericeus Norton . 55

Sciapteryx . 241

rotundus Norton . 242

Scobina . 58

Scolia flavocostalis Cresson . 377

Lecontei Cresson . 376

Selandria . 243

barda . 247

capitilis Norton . 247

cerasi . . . 254

dubia . 248

fasciatus . 256

llavipes . 25S

fumipennis . . 252

halcyon . 252

ignotus Norton. . 257

inhabilis . 246

labiata . 260

marginicollis . 249

medius . 250

mexicana Norton . 248

montana . 253

nova Norton . 254

nubilipennis Norton . 252

obsoletum Norton . 254

obtusa . 259

ochra Norton . 249

quercus-alba Norton . 258

rosae . 256

rubi . 249

rudis . 251

ruficollis Norton . 259

rufula . 251

tillise . 250

vitis . 245

Selenia kentaria . 359

Sericocera . 52

alternata Norton., . 53

plumieornis Norton . 52

villosus Norton . 53

Sesia thetis G. & R . 325

Syzygonia . 50

Tenthredinidae . 33, 36

398

INDEX.

Page.

Tenthredinides . 73

Thecla calanus . 172

henrici G. <fc R . 174

inorata G. & R . 323

lorata G. k R . 171

Themos . 58

hyaline Norton . 58

Thulea . 49

nigra . . 49

Trichiosoma . 43

lanuginosa Norton . 44

triangulum . 43

Uroceridse . 39

Urocerus areolatus Cresson . 375

Page.

Waldheimia . 242

Xantia puta G. & R . 347

ralla G. & R . 346

Xylina Bethunei G. & R . 354

capax G. & R . 355

Zarea . 45

inflatus . 45

Zoplieri of the U. S. Notes on the... 159

Zopherus concolor..i . 160

gracilis Horn . 162

guttulatus Horn . . 160

' nodulosus . 159

opacus Horn . 161

tristis . 161

ERRATA et CORRIGENDA.

Page 5, line 33 .for particular read particularly.

8, line 'l, for so speak read so to speak.

8, line 13, dele comma after to.

13, line 28, for syrangaria read syringaria.

14, line 18, for Authros read Authors.

16, line 1, insert a semicolon after downwards.

26, line lb, for fluently read faintly.

26, line 21, for anterior read posterior.

27, line 13, for interal read internal.

50, line 19, for 171 read 179, 1.

50, line 21, for 671 read 074.

54, line 24 for Sel. read Serv.

63, line 23, for twelve pectoral read twelve abdominal.

64, line 3, coeruleus should be under heading A instead of B.

67, line 6 ,for 268 read 298.

69, line 3, for venter read vertex.

69, line 41, for procera read poecila.

71, to line 25 add the following references: —

Klug, Berl. Mag. vi, 300, 26. Lepel., Mon. Tenth. 48, 136.
73, line 1,/or 249 read 240.

73, line 34, for Pteroma read Pteronus.

76, line 15, for theentire torsi read the entire tarsi.

78, line 20, for atripes read albipes.

193, line 4 /for Page 31 read Page 84.

204, line 3, for 0.22 — .26 inch read 0.11— .13 inch.

224, lines 6 and 21, for Am. read Ann.

225, line 1 ,for piliform read filiform.

246, line 32, for linutaris read limitaris.

256, line 6, for s read is.

266, line 41, for 18 read ix.

286, line 7, for Plate IV read Plate V.

288, line ‘SI, for 186 , read 1862.

325. line 23, after dark insert blue.

340, line 11, for clean read clear.

345, line 1,/or lroea read lorea.

377, line 26, for Lewisii read Lecontei .

XVII

December 8, 1867.

President Horn in the Chair.

Thirteen members present.

The Annual Reports of the Recording and Corresponding Secreta¬
ries, the Treasurer, Librarian, Curator and Standing Committees were
read and accepted.

The following donations to the Library were announced : —

Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesell-
schaft in Wien. Band 15 and 16. From the Society.

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, Series 2, Vol. 1, and No. 1 of Vol. 2. From the
Soc. Ent. des Pays-bas.

The American Naturalist for December, 1867. From the Editors.

The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine for October and November, 1867.
From the Conductors.

The American Journal of Science and Arts, Nov., 1867. From the Conductors.

Descriptions of new American Lepidoptera, No. 2, by A. R. Grote and C. T.
Robinson. From the Authors.

Monthly Report of the Department of Agriculture for August, September and
October, 1867. From the Department.

The Illustrated Annual Register of Rural Affairs for 1868. From the Pub¬
lishers.

The following Papers were presented for publication in the Trans¬
actions : —

“Geotrupes of Boreal America, by Geo. H. Horn, M. D.”

“ Descriptions of American Lepidoptera, No. 3, by A. R. Grote and
C. T. Robinson.”

“Notes on the ‘Apple Bark-louse’ ( Lepidosaphes conchiformis
Gmelin sp.), with a description of a supposed new species of Acarus,
by Henry Shimer, M. D.”

On ballot, Dr. Herman Hagen, of Cambridge, Mass, (formerly of
Konigsberg, Prussia), was elected a Corresponding Member.

The Society then proceeded to elect Officers and Standing Commit¬
tees for the ensuing year, with the following result : —

OFFICERS.

President — George H. Horn, M. D.
Vice-President — William S. Pine.

Corresponding Secretary — E. T. Cresson.

Recording Secretary — J. Frank Knight.
Treasurer — James W. McAllister.
Librarian — George B. Dixon.

Curator — Ezra T. Cresson.

STANDING COMMITTEES.

On Coleoptera — G. H. Horn, M. D., Sam'l. Lewis, M. D., Chas. Wilt.
Lepidoptera — Jas. Ridings, A. R. Grote, C. A. Blake.

Neuroptera and Orthoptera — J. F. Knight, G. B. Dixon, C. II. Hart.
Hemiptera and Aptera — J. Ennis, J. Meichel, C. H. Hart.
Hymenoptera — E. T. Cresson, J. W. McAllister, Reuben Haines.
Diptera — A. R. Grote, E. T. Cresson, Jas. Ridings.

XY1II

On Insect Architecture — J. F. Knight, J. H. Ridings, J. Meichel.
Microscopy — C. C. Oresson, M. D., 0. T. Robinson, C. A. Blake.
Library — C. A. Blake, Samuel Lewis, M. D., W. S. Pine.
Publication — E. T. Cresson, C. T. Robinson, Samuel Lewis, M. D.
Finance — J. W. McAllister, Samuel Lewis, M. L>., Chas. Wilt.
Collecting Fund — Wm. Ridings, J. Ennis, Chas. Wilt.

Hall — C. A. Blake, Wm. Ridings, Samuel Lewis, M. D.

- 0 -

January 13, 1868.

Vice-President Pine in the Chair.

Eleven members present.

The following donation to the Cabinet was announced : —

Ninety-six specimens of Coleoptera (Dyschirius heemorrhois, Stilicopsis para-
doxa, Fustiger Fuchsii, Adrancs Lecontei, A. coccus, Ceophy/lus month's, Chennium
monilicornis, Bryaxis abdominalis, B. dentata, B. rubicunda, B. I/linoiensis, B. lu-
niger, B. congener, Bhexius insculptus, Arthmius globicollis, Dccarthron formiceti,
D. longulum. Pselaphus Erichsonii, Ti/chus minor, Microstemma Motschulskii, Scyd-
maenus perforatus, S. fossiger, S. analis, S. capillosulus, Xylophilus basalis, X. sig-
natus, X. n. sp., Hippopsis lemniscata), from Henry Ulke.

The following donations to the Library were announced : —

Monograph ische Bearbeitung der Sphodrini in naturgemiisser Auffassung von
L. W. Schaufuss. From the Author.

Beschreibu'ngen neuer und wenig bekannter Arten aus der Familie Orbitelae
Latr. oder Epeiridae Sund. von Eugen Keyserling. 186-1. Svo. From L. W.
Schaufuss.

Dr. Horn made a few remarks concerning several Coleoptera, regarding
whose identity there is some doubt. Concerning JDysmathes Sahlbergi Mann.,
t he view was expressed that it was, without doubt, identical with Amphizoa in-
solens Lee., described but a few months anteriorly. Dysmathcs was described
as a Tenebrionide, and Mannerheim distinctly states that the posterior tarsi
are 4-jointed, but with a knowledge of the fact that a similar mistake had al¬
ready been made and corrected by the same author, it is hardly presuming too
much to infer that a mistake has also occurred here. (The error above alluded
to is that of re-describing Amphicyrta dentipes as Encyphus hybosoroides and
placing it among the Tenebrionkhe.; Moreover the measurements are exactly
the same, so that with very little trouble a figure can be drawn. It was in this
manner that attention was drawn to the identity of the two insects. The an¬
tennae of Dysmathcs are exactly those of Amphizoa, and do not at all resemble
those of any Tenebrionide.

The attention of the Society was also called to the Geotrupes of the United
States. Specimens in series were exhibited, demonstrating the correctness of
the views expressed in a paper presented at the preceding meeting, in which
the species recognized by Jekel were reduced to less than half the number.
The importance of large series of species of this and other genera was urged on
all who have collections, as the only means of arriving at a knowledge as to
what constitutes a species.

Trans. Airier Ent. Soc. Vol I

Plate VI

3 7

Drawn 'by I) Wiesl

Bowen & C° ftth . Phila da.

Trans Amer Ent. Soc. Vol. I

Plate VII

I>rawn liy D Wiest

Bowen & C° h'th Philada.