J-yV£<~C/^ TRANSACTIONS ^IMIEK/ICIJLlsr ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. vol.. XX. HALL OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, LOGAN SQUARE. 1893. PRESS OF C STOCKHAUSEN PHILADELPHIA. LIST OK PAPERS. PAGE AsHMEAD, William H. Synopsis of the Hormiin?e of North America. . . 39 Banks, Nathan. The Phalangida Mecostethi of the United States . 149 Brendel, E., M.D. Notes and descriptions of Pselaphidse, with remarks on the Scydmsenidje . . . . .277 Calvert, Philip P. Catalogue of the Odonata (Dragonflies) of the vicinity of Philadelphia, with an introduction to the study of this group of insects ...... 152a COCKERELL, T. D. A. Notes on Leccuiium, with a list of the W. Indian species. 49 J The Entomology of the mid-alpine zone of Custer Co., Colorado ........ 305 Fox, William J. A new genus of Larridse ...... 38 Horn, G. H., M.D. The Galerucini of Boreal America .... 57 Miscellaneous Coleopterous Studies .... 136 Robertson, Charles. Notes on Bees, with descriptions of new species . 145, 273 Smith, John B. Sphinges and Bombyces — A Review .... 1 TowNSEND, C. H. Tyler. On a species oi' Simalium from the Grand Canon of the Colorado 45 Weed, Clarence M. A Synopsis of the Harvest-Spiders (Phalangidae) of South Dakota 285 The Cosmetidse of the United States .... 293 Seventh contribution to a knowledge of certain little- known Aphididse . 297 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. VOLUNIE XX. SPHINGES AND BOMBYCES.-A REVIEW. BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D. A Synonymic Catalof^ne of liepidoptera Helerocera (JHoths) by W. F. Kirby, F.L.S., F.E.S., etc. Vol. I, Sphinges aud Bombyces. Lon- dou : Gurney & Jackson, 1892, i — xii et 1 — 951. Mr. Kirby has given us under the above title a very useful and necessary work. It makes no pretense to completeness of references, but he has " endeavored to quote all important original references to foreign species." Under this head come the American forms. Taken altogether, the volume represents an amount of labor, of which no one who has not done similar work can have the least conception. So far as I have had occasion to test the references they are accurate. Mr. Kirby makes some distinct departures in this catalogue, and his order of families and genera is quite unlike that accepted in our lists and literature. The work is an expensive one, and this will serve at least in part, as an excuse for a somewhat lengthy review of the book, giving the main features as they apply to our ftuina. In the first place, Mr. Kirby has "excluded the ^geriidie, Thy- rididse, Euschemidse, and a large part of the Chrysaugidie and Me- lameridse from the Sphinges and BDmbyces," and as to the Sesiidae TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (1) JANUARY, 1893. 2 JOHN B. SMITH. at least, with perfect correctness in my opinion. It would have been better to have gone yet further and excluded the Cossidte and Hepi- aWdse. The former family has very distinctive Pyralid characters and has little to associate them with either Sphinges or Bombyces. The Hepialidie are still more unique, and Prof. Comstock has re- cently pointed out that with the Micropterygida? they share a char- acter not elsewhere found in the Lepidoptera and again found in the Phryganseidje. Family I is the Castniidse, family II is the Cocytiidse, family III, the Uraniidae, under the first of which only are there any North American species. Megaihymm is, in my opinion, a true butterfly — not a moth. Family IV, the Agaristidae, contains of our forms, the genera Pseud- alypia, A/ypiodes, Androloma, Alypia, Psychomorpha, Euedwardsia, Copidryas, Fenarla, Eidhisanoiia and Ciris. Under Alypiodes we have crescens Wlk., with grotei Bdv. and flavilinguis Grt., as syno- nyms; and bhnacxdata 'R.-'^., with trimaculata Bdv. as synonym. The identification of grotei and flavilinguis with crescens is correct, as I have previously pointed out (Can. Ent. June, 1892), and I am inclined to believe that the other names also refer to the same species, and that biviacidata H.-S. must be used to indicate our form as is done in my Check List. To Aiidroloma, which is given generic rank, are referred the Alypia lorquinii, maccullochi, ridingsii, similis and brannani of my list. The genus Fenaria is used for sevorsa Grt., and Fhcegorista (not Phcegarista, as I have it) is placed in the Nyctenieridae, a widely separated family. Eidhisanotia Hiib. is used in the sense that we use Eudryas, and unio is given as type of the genus. I am not pre- pared to assent to this decision without more investigation. I am inclined to believe that Boisduval's name Eudryas can be rescued for use as in our lists. The use of the other generic terms accords with our own. Metagarista f sabulosa Bdv., illustrated in Felder Lep. iv, t. 107, fig. 11, is credited to California. I do not know the species. Neither the Chalcosiidpe, nor the Thymaridse are credited with species from our fauna. The term Zygisnidas is used in the widest possible sense, excejit that the Agaristidie included by Mr. Grote are here excluded, and one hundred and sixty-five genera are accredited to the family. It would be difficult, indeed, to get a definition of this assemblage with- AMEKICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 6 out including also one-third of the other families of Lepidoptera. Nine subfamilies are, however, recognized, which may be taken up in order. In the first subfamily, the Anthroceridse, no species from our fauna are listed. In the Adscitinse we find Mr. Hy. Edwards' species, Penthetria, under the name Tantura, the former genus being marked pre-occupied. I am very doubtful, indeed, whether our species ai'e near enough to Adscita, as Itio Leach is here termed, to belong to the same family, but I agree with Mr. Kirby in giving at least a subfamily rank to the diflferences between Ino (Adscita) and Zygoena. I have elsewhere pointed out an essential difference in the venation between these forms. In the appendix Thia extranea Hy. Edw. is referred to this subfamily. In the Zygteninse no species are credited to our fauna, nor are there any in the Thyratinae or Phaudinse. To the Pyromorphime, Acoloithus, Harrisina, Triprocris, Pyro- morpha, Lycomorpha and Anatolmis are referred ; though I have pointed out tliat there are essential differences between Anatolmis and Lxjcomorpha and the other genera with which they are associated by Mr. Kirby. With these two genera excluded Mr. Kirby includes of our fauna the species ranged under the term Pyromorphidfe in my list. Triprocris aversus Hy. Edw. is erroneously recorded as from Arizona, whereas it was described from Jalapa, Mexico. Lycomor- pha rata belongs to Pyromorjjha as referred in my list. The Euchromiinse contain the largest series in the " Zygsenidse," and of our species has Syntomeida ipomece Harr., using this generic term instead of Euchromia, and citing /eroa; Wlk., and euterpe H.-S. as synonyms; Dahana atripennis ; Phyllcecia (Guer.) texanus for So- rama texana; Erruca periyi, Didasys belce and Cosmosoma aiige Linn. (= omphale Hiib.). Burtia rubella from Cuba, so close to Didasys belce that they seem like the same species, and are certainly identical generically, is placed in the 'IVichurinse under Herrich-Schaeffer's name Gundlachia. Syntomeida epilais is not credited to Florida, though well recorded thence. Neither the Trichurinse nor the Antichlorinse are represented in our fauna. The Arctiidse are ranged in six subfamilies and two hundred and thirty-one genera, introducing a great many changes in the accepted nomenclature. In the Charideinse, containing thirty-eight genera and many spe- cies, our own fauna is represented only by Nelplie Carolina Hy. Ed\v. TKANS AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JANUARY, 1893. 4 JOHN B. SMITH. and the species of Scepsis. Whether iV^. Carolina agrees with the other species of Nelphe or not I cannot say ; it is certain, however, that it has no family relationship with Scepsis. Why this latter genus is disassociated from Ctenucha is a puzzle to me, in all details of structure they are closely related, and only the wing form differs. Sc. packardii is referred as a synonym of Sc. fulvicoUis, perhaps cor- rectly. The Ctenuchinse are all American, and a fair proportion from our fixuna. Ct. venosa Wlk. is referred to Philoros, and is type of the genus. Ct. virginiea is type of Ctenucha, and has associated with it only one other species. Ct. cressonana is referred to Comp.'ioprium Blanch. To Euctenucha, are referred ochroscapms, multifarla, rubro- scapus, sangainaria and brunnea of our species, while in Pygoctenucha we find robinsonii, fxinera and harrisii, the latter of these the type of the genus. There is room for a difference of opinion at least on the question of the necessity for so many genera for so few species. The Pericopin^e, again, are very poorly represented from our fauna. The species of Gnophcela are arranged somewhat differently from the accepted method. Hopfferi is made a synonym of latipennis Bdv., while discreta is given specific rank, and arizonce is cited as a synonym. The validity of this synonymy is at least open to question. Daritis and Composia are the only other genera represented in our fauna, each by a single species only. C. fidellissima is not credited to our fauna, though both Mr. Dyar and Prof French have recorded it. In my Check List it appears among the Agaristidse ; probably an error. In the Phsegopterinfe we find, first, Alexicles aspersa Grt., which is unknown to me, Eupseudosoma floridum, Lopthocampa with carym as type, and agassizii, maculata, argentata, sobrina, scapidaris, ingens, occldenialis and snbalpina as other species ; Euhalisidoia, Halisidota with tesselaris as type, and davisii, labecula, edwardsii, cinctipes, minima, trigona, cinnamomea, significans and ambigua, as other species. In Lophocampa, agassizH is given as distinct from macidaia, with californica, angidifera and salicis as synonyms ; fulvoflava and gutti^ fera are cited as synonyms to maculata ; otherwise, no changes are made. In Halisidota we find trigona Grt., h\xt apecidaris H. 8., which resembles it so closely that it has been considered identical, does not appear in the genus ; so of H. roseata Wlk., which has been cited as a synonym of cinnamomea. Cinctipes Grt. is not credited to our fauna, though it has been well recorded from it. AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 0 Under Ecpantheria we find sennetii Lint., tlien C(eca Strk., our old friend scribonia under the name ocularia Fab., cuniguuda being awarded specific rank, and reduda Grt. ; ccBca Strek. and reducta Grt. have long since been referred as synonyms of Leuearctia per- maculata, which is in truth an Ecpantheria, though it does not appear in Mr. Kirby's list. Hallsidota roseata reappears as a species under u'Emelia, widely separated from H. cinnamomea Bdv., and we are again at sea as to what was intended by these specific names. Under Arachnis we find zani credited to Mr. Schaus, while Mr. Neumoegen is entitled to the honor. Subfamily V, the Spilosomatinse, shows, as the first familiar name, Antarctia, to which none of our species are referred. In the ap- pendix, however, A. heanii Neum. appears. Under Estigraene Hiib. we find acrcea as type, and permacidata, al- bida and f niobe Strk. as other species. Spilosoma nigrojiava Gi'aef, is cited as a synonym to E. permacidata, to which it has not the slightest resemblance. E. niobe Strk. has been referred to Seirarctia echo. E. permaculata Pack, is an Ecpantheria, as has been already stated. Cycnia dubia Wlk., appears here as an Estigmene ; Messrs. Grote and Robinson, from an examination of the type, referred it to Phragmatobia. Spi/osoma is unchanged. In Hyphantria we have canea, textor and piuictata as good species, though their identity has been proved to demonstration time and again. Spilosoma congrua Wlk, correctlv appears as a synonym of H. cunea. Why Mr. Kirby restored these specific terms when there is practical unanimity among American students in referring them to the synonymy, puzzles me. Ectypia bivittata should have Spilosoma nigroflava as a synonym. Euerythra, wrongly written in the body of the work, is con-ected in the appendix. Cycnia Pliib. is used for most of our species of Euchcetes, and 0. tenera Hiib., from the " Southern States," is nained as type. We find also C budea Hiib. as from the same locality. I am not aware that either tenera or budea are known in our collections. In Fareu- chceies we find cadaverosa, affinis and conspicua. If the genus is a good one, other species must be referred to it. Vanessodes is sand- wiched in here, though it has little resemblance to those of the sur- rounding forms that are known to me. Seirarctia is unchanged, and so is Pyrrharctia, which ends the subfamily. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JANUARY, 1893. 6 JOHN B. SMITH. The subfamily Arctiinje begins with Codiosoma, as Mr. Kirby writes Mr. Stretch's generic term Kodiosonm. Phragmatohia follows immediately after, and contains, besides /tt^i^mosa and rubricosa, the species we have as Antarctia in our list. I confess this aggregation is staggering, when the sei)arati()ns elsewhere made are taken into consideration. P. assimilans is cited as a synonym of rubricosa, and franeonia is cited as a variety of the latter, probably quite correctly. P. {Antarctia) vagans Bdv. has rufula cited as a synonym — quite correctly in my opinion ; but walsinghami has no better claim to spe- cific rank, and is yet passed. Parasemia Hiib. is used instead of Nemeophila, with plantaginis as type. Geometrica is cited as distinct from petrosa contrary to the opinions of all American entomologists ; even its describer, Mr. Grote, placing it as a variety as far back as 1889. Haploa Hiib. is used for our American species referred to Calli- morpha, the synonymy practically agreed upon by Mr. Lyman and myself being mostly rejected and nearly all the names given specific rank. Whether Mr. Kirby deems our work inconclusive or unre- liable does not appear. The only point he decides is that C. lachtta Smith drops in as a synonym of Tanada conscita, and that perhaps may be conceded as correct. Under CalUmorpha, Mr. Kirby gives us our Epicallia vlrgiiialis, making it congeneric with C. dominula. L.^ the type of the genus. In Platarctia, parthenos and borealis appear as distinct species, and hyperborea, Curtis, to which both have been referred as synonyms, does not appear in the genus at all. Yarrowi and remissa also are referred to this genus. Under Hypercompa Hiib. we find our Eajyrepici caja, and opidenta. Mr. Kirby here gives the Tentamen priority over Ochsenheimer's name. My opinion of the Tentamen has been elsewhere expressed, and I cannot follow Mr. Kirby here. Under Arctia we have villlca as type, and one other species, none of our American forms being accredited to the genus. In Hyphoraia Hiib. we find our Platarctia hyperborea, its supposed synonym?: parthenos and borealis having been long ago disposed of. After an interval of foreign generic names we find Apantesis Wlk., to which most of the Arctia species of our list are referred : such as are not so found will be hereafter mentioned. Arctia paHhoi ice is given specific rank and widely separated from saundersil, of which it is, I believe, a synonym ; indeed, the order of sjjecies here adopted AMERICAN LEPIDOPTKRA. 7 is entirely unnatural, and without any base discoverable by me. Stretchii is separated by shastaensis from intermedia, of which it has been referred a synonym. Shastaensis, by the bye, is credited to French instead of Behr., and quite correctly, for the characterization is by French, and the use of a mss. name suggested by another does not change the authorship. Other departures from well-established synonymy are numerous, and Mr. Kirby seems to have been quite arbitrary in his recognition or rejection of species. All of Mr. But- ler's names, baseless as most of them are, stand of course, since the types are in the British Museum, but why anna and persephone should be kept distinct when no American entomologist disputes their specific identity is puzzling, especially when nevadensis and incorrupta, which are related in much the same way, are classed as varieties. Under Orodemnias we find quenselii with gelida as synonym, spe- ciosa as a good species, ohliterata and cervinoides. In Callaretia we have ornata, proxima, favorita and arizoneasis. Under proxima, which is not credited to our fauna, we find docta, mexicana and an- theola, as synonyms, correctly enough ; arizonensis should have been added. In Leptardia the names are arranged according to French and Butler. Family IX, the Cyrabidae, contains only one familiar name — Earias obliquata Hy. Edw. It seems to be the only species in the family recorded from the New World, and the correctness of the generic reference may bear investigation. Family X is the Lithosiidae, with 228 genera not divided into sub- families. The first familiar name is genus 11, Hypoprepia, under which our species are arranged as we are accustomed to see them. Genus 12, Cldhen.e, contains all the names proposed for our forms, and specific rank is accorded to all. Genus 13, Pyralidia, replaces Byssophaga, as used in our lists, and deserta Felder, from Utah, is named as type. I do not know this species and question its distinct- ness from our other named forms. Genus 14 is Hyalo^cotes i'or fumosa Butler, and then there is a long array of genera without a familiar name until 92, Lithosia, is reached. Here we find argillacea with bicoloi- as synonym, and ruhropida. Why argillacea is preferred to bicolor does not appear : both names were proposed in the same volume of the same publication, but bi- color has, according to Mr. Kirby, twenty-four pages the priority, TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JANUARY, 1893. 8 JOHN B. SMITH. and is yet ranked as a synonym. In genus 122, Cmmbidia, we rec- ognize another acquaintance, and under it a.re pallida as type, and Lithoda eaudida, casta and cephalica as other species. Genus 126 is Eustixia Hiib., with pupnla as type and sole species. This is un- doubtedly a Pyralid, and has been so referred by Prof. Feriiald in the recent Check List. Genus 144 is Coscinia Hiib., and among others we find our Emydla ampla under this generic name. Ufeth- eisa is genus 147, containing among others our species ornatrix, be/la, venasta eind pulchella, all as good species; vejmsta Dalm. is an older name for Kpeciosa; so Mr. Kirby says. Under ^'^tfta^^/ie Hiib., genus 163, we find our species of Crocota, in which little change is ventured. Genus 1G6, Eudule Hiib., contains our Ameria texana and unicolor, and Crocota immaculata Reak. Genus 179 is Pagara Wlk., with simplex as type, and murina as synonym. I have shown, " Canadian Entomologist," xxiv, 134, that these are the same as Vanesmdes clams G. & R., which Mr. Kirby makes genus 160 in the Arctiidse, placing it next to Euchcetes. The present location is much the better. Mr. Kirby is certainly in error in citing simplex as the type of the genus ; venosa was first described under the name, and simplex under another name is the type of Gomacla. If venosa is really congeneric with the others, it makes no difference which is selected, otherwise Gomacla has the right to recognition. Genus 182 is written Euphau- essa, and contains our species and two others. Clemensia is genus 190, and contains our species and one other from Brazil. Under Nycteola we have our species referred to iSarrothripa. I think that these species are certainly entitled to family rank ; there is more difference structurally between Nycteola and Lithoxia than between the latter and Arctia. EuUthosia Hy. Edw., genus 199, is a Noctuid, as I have shown. To Nola 72 species are referred, among which the four names credited to our fauna make a poor showing. In Argy- rophyes, however, we have two of the three species, and under Le- hena, genus 210, we find our Nola truiotata, miiina, sorghiella and inelanopa. To the remaining genera no American species are re- ferred. Family XI, the Hypsidae, family XII, the Callidulidpe, and family XIII, the Cyllopodidse are not represented in our fauna. In Family XIV, the Dioptidse, Phrygaiiidia califoniica is the only species from our fauna. Family XV, the Nyetemeridpe, are altogether unrepresented. Family XVI, the Liparida^, contains 180 genera, among which AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. i) American forms are s})arsely represented. The first genus credited to the United States is number 9, Cingi/ia Wlk., with humeralh Wlk., as sole species and type. This is one of those unfortunate overlooked species that has never made its way into our lists ; what it may be is unknown to me. In genus 22, Carama, we are repre- sented by cretata Grt. So in genus 61, Artaxa, we are credited with one species out of 61, and even this has a ? after the generic name, as if to question its right here. As there seem to be no other species known from the New World, perhaps the ? is justified. In Parogyia, genus 110, we make a better showing with eight spe- cies out of sixteen described. Mr. Kirby credits hasilflava Pack., to locality "Nonantum." It would puzzle some of our foreign friends to know where this place was if the name of the describer and place of description did not suggest the United States as the probable location. Apropos of this it may be noted that Mr. Kirby often gives for our American species only the localities given in the original description, so that as a guide to distribution within our fauna the catalogue is of little value. Thus under Lagoa, genus 113, pyx! di- fera and opercularis ai-e credited to Georgia only, and crUpatu to Massachusetts only. Under genus 135, Dasychira, we have rossii, granilandica and lintaeri from our fauna. Demas diversicolor Morr. and D. fiavicornis Smith appear under Colocnsia Ochs. Mr. Morri- son's .species has long since been referred to Hadena, while my species is certainly a Noctuid, and is congeneric with coryli. Nerice Wlk., genus 147, also figures as a Liparid here. Cothocida nigrifera Wlk., genus 154, is a Crocota, as I have shown. In genus 157, Hypogymna morio, is credited to Europe and America, without specifying North or South. It is not known to me from our faunal region. Our species of Orgy la reappear in genus 164, under the term Notolophus Germ., with antiquiis as the type, O.fascelhia being made the type of Ochsenheimer's genus, to which we have nothing to refer, generically. Mr. Edwards' obliviosa appears as olivncea and a var. of leiicographns Geyer. In family XVII, the Heterogynidse, we are not credited with any species, and the entire family contains only one genus with three species. Family XVIII is the Psychidae, with 49 genera. Genus 2 is Oiketicus, in which we have two species. Genus 3 is Thyrldopieryx, in which also we have tw(» species. Under genus 8, Manatha Moore, we find M. edwardsii Heyl., from Texas ; a name heretofore unknown TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (2) PEBRUAKY, 1893. 10 JOHN B. SMITH. to me as the species is at present. We also find under genus 25, Chalia rileyi Heyl., also from Texas, and equally unknown to me. Fsijche is genus 32, and under this our four species form just one-fifth of tiie whole. PlaUecetictDi is genus 33, with gloveri as type, and one other species. For Eutheca mora Grt., accidentally omitted from my list, Saplnella, genus 45, is proposed, Mr. Grote's name being preoc- cupied, and the same fate befalls Psevdopsyche Hy. Edw., for which we get CEdonia Kirby. The genera Lacosoma Grt., and PerojjJwra Harris, are referred to the Drepanulidie by Mr. Kirby; perhaps incorrectly. Family XIX is the Limacodidse, with 106 genera. Not till we get to genus 33 do we strike a familiar name, and then we find Li- macodes beutenmulleri Hy. Edw., under Semyra Wlk. Genus Pho- hetrum Pack., or Phohetron Hiib., as under the rules it should be written, contains pitheclum, hyalinum, nigricans and tetradactylus ; all, save the first, long since placed in the synonymy. Genus 10, Adoneta, contains our species only. Under Eulimacodes we find scapha Harr. Nochelia and Empretia are genera 52 and 53, respectively, each with the single type species only. Under Sihine H.-S. we find referred with a ? the Limacodes ephippiatus of the Harris correspondence. This is obviously Evi2:>retia stimtdea, and very well characterized ; but I have no memorandum that it has ever been definitely referred into the synonymy. Parasa is genus 67, and contains 54 species, only two of them from our fauna. Varina ornata, which follows next after, has been removed from this family by Mr. Dyar, whose recent papers on this family Mr. Kirby has used in the appendix to sup- plement his text. Euclea and Moiwleuca are genera 69 and 70, re- spectively. Under Euclea we find viridiclava Walk., from Massa- chusetts— a name unfamiliar to our lists. Referring to Walker's description we find that no locality was there given, except a ?, and perhaps the Massachusetts locality by Mr. Kirby is an error. Isa Pack, is said to be })reoccupied, and Sosioxa Kirby is propo.sed to replace it. Next after this comes Tortricidia, in which flavula and pallida are given specific rank, and to which the undetermined Li- macodes f err igera Wlk. is added. Kronea is genus 82, and contains oui- species only. Our species of Limacodes appear under Ap)oda Haw., and Limacodes is made a synonym and not used for any ag- gregation of species. Whether under such conditions we can use the family terra Liraacodidse, there being no genus Limacodes, is perhaps a question. Personally, I would regret the change, as I regret the AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 11 change from the well and universally known Lhnacodes to Apoda. Several of the species under the typical name in our lists are else- where referred ; but no synonymical changes appear. Sisyrosea (wrongly written Sicyrosea) contains the species inornata, nasoni and rude. It has been shown that inornata is the type of Isa, and not texttda H.-S., though as the name is preoccupied, Mr. Kirby's solu- tion may be accepted. Rude has been referred as a synonym of nasoni. Under Packardia, genus 90, oeellata and nigopunctata appear as good species, though they have been referred to the synonymy. Under Lithacodes we have/a.S'Ctofo., laticlavia and redilinea, referred to Limeodes in my list, and flexuosa, ccesonia and graefii, there re- ferred to Heterogenea. The generic reference in my list may be in- correct, but graefii and flexuosa have been referred as synonyms of textula H.-S. Under Heterogenea, .^hnrtleffii appears as sole American species. If it is really the same as ccesonia, and the latter is really a Lithacodes, this leaves us no representative of this old woi'ld genus. Family XX, the Notodontidse contains 202 genera. Genus 12, Litodonta, with hydromeli as type and sole species, is the first name in our lists. Heterocampa follows, containing our species with two exceptions, elsewhere referred to. H. trouvelotii is given specific rank, though it has been referred as a variety of obliqua, and marina, also given as a species, has been placed as a synonym of unicolor. Under CEdemasia we have the species usually in our lists, and in addition the Dvyocampa riversii Behr. and Edema semirufescens Wlk. The latter was referred to Sehizura unicornis many years ago by Grote and Robinson, as I believe, correctly. Schizura is genus 23, and contains all our American species ; humilis and edmandsii having specific rank, though they have been referred as synonyms to vni- cornis. Genus 25, Saligena Wlk., with its single species personata, has been long ago referred as a synonym of Raphia frater Grt. Seirodonta follows, and contains only the typical species. Hatima Wlk., is next, with semirufescens Wlk. as type, and Dasylophia an- guina and interna as other species. I have, from an examination of the type, referred (Can. Ent. xxiv, 35) H. seinirufescens to Schizura unicornis and the species of Dasylophia are certainly not congeneric. By a lapsus calami I wrote the name Hatuna in my origiiml note and so it was printed. Dasylophia must assuredly be restored. lanassa lignicolor is type of its genus, and Edema transversata is referred to it as a synonym. I have examined the type and have referred it to Ellida gelida Grt. in Can. Ent. xxiv, 135. Genus Syminerista Hiib. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. FEBRUARY, 1893. 12 JOHN B. SMITH. is number 84, and has as type S. alhicoda Hiib. This species was figured by Hiibner as European, and was said by Treitschke, v, 2, 167, to be albifrons H.-S., with an erroneous h)cality. Mr. Dyar seems to think it a good species, and that it may not even be congeneric with albifrons. I do not know it. Edema contains of American species, besides those in our list, obliqua Wlk., and jjlagiata Wlk. The former has been pkiced in tlie synonymy among the Noctuidoe ; the hitter was referred to Parorgyia by Messrs. Grote and Robinson from an examination of the type. Genus 41 is Stretchia Hy. Edw., with plusiiformis as sole species and type. As far back as 1882, Mr. Grote referred this genus to the Noctuidse and as a synonym of Perigrapha. Acherdoa (not Acherdes, as Mr. Kirby writes) /errarm has been referred as identical with Variria ornata Neum. (Can. Ent. xxiv, 185), and is surely not a Notodontid. It is pleasant to find Mr. Kirby wrong and myself right in transcribing, once in a while ; the boot is too often on the other leg. I realize too well the ab.solute impossibility of getting so vast a body of names rightly written, to make it a subject of criticism. Certila flexuosa I do not know; it is one of the undetermined Walker species. Hyparjxix, genus 82, contains our species only. PsaphidiaW]k., with resumens as sole S|)ecies and type, is a noctuid. My catalogue of this family is in the printer's hands and I cannot say from recollection what species it is a synonym of In Cerura, cineroides and Candida are both given specific rank, and bicuspis is not credited to America. Under Pan- thea we find lencomekena Morr., which has been for many years rec- ognized as a synonym of Audela acronydoides Wlk., and so appears in Mr. Grote' s list of 1882. The genus is certainly noctuid, by the bye, and we have a number of species fully referable to it. In Ght- phisia, all our species appear as listed ; iearlii has been referred to Bombycia long since and septentrionalis Wlk., here given specific rank, has been referred, though with a ? to triUneata by Mr. Gi'ote. Thaumetopcea Hiib. replaces Cnethocampa Steph., and here we find gri.iea Neum. Ellida gelida Grt. appears under genus 117 ; as al- ready stated, transversaia Walk, must replace the specific name. Under Nofodonta we have stragida, basitriens, mnplaria, plagiata and notaria of our species. The latter has been referred to Loplwpteryx elegans Strk. Lophodonta contains only the species of our list. Ochrodigina Hiib. replaces Drynobia Dup., and tortuosa Tepp. ap- pears under that name. Under Lophoptenjx our two species appear, and to elegant Strk., var. a, orissa Strk., is added. No change ap- AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 13 pears in Pheosia. Melanopha Hiib., Tentamen, replaces Iclithyura Hiib., Verzeichniss, and under that name our species are listed. Pallet is given specific rank, and so is indentata, else no change is made in our species. Apicalis is credited to Walker instead of to Barnston, and Mr. Kirby has consistently so credited all the species described by Walker from Barnston's catalogue names; correctly so in my opinion. In Datana, genus 153, no change is made, and the genus contains our species only. Nadata contains three species beside those from our fauna ; all Asiatic. No American s])ecies of Nydalea appeai-s, though Mr. Grote has described an N. uuliance referring it to the Noctuidse near Cacullla. From a casual examination of the type it is much nearer to Bombycia. As an ending to the family there appear 23 genera described by Walker, all save one with a single species only, and all either from Brazil or Sarawak. Whether they are all so intimately related, or whether Mr. Kirby found it impossible to place them more definitely does not appear. As Family XXI, appear the Sphingidse sandwiched in between the Notodontidse and Bombycidse. This is quite out of the accepted course, but I am not prepared to say that it is indefensible. The question of arrangement oflfers so many opportunities for individual judgment, as it is universally admitted that no linear arrangement can truly express all relationships, that almost any arrangement can be defended ; six subfamilies with 116 genera are recognized. At the head come Macroglossinpe with Hemaris Dalm. as first genus. All our species are included under this term and nearly all the names are given specific rank. As to some of the forms where the synonymy is in dispute, this course was perhaps the safest, but in other cases I do not understand why Mr. Kirby ignored the conclu- sions reached in my monograph of the American species. Under Lepisesia only Jiavofasciata and ulaluine are included. I have shown that it is much wider in its application in our fauna. Under Aello- pos, neither tantalus nor fadus are credited to our fauna. Euproser- pinus is used hv phaeton and euterpe, and Dieneces Butlei- for elarkice and circce. AVhy eight genera, quite different in structural charac- ters, should be placed between these genera and Lephesia, is a mvs- tery to me. Under Perigonia we find tacita Druce, fj-om the United States. It is unknown to me. Thyreus is marked preoccupied, and Spjhecodina Blanch, is used instead, with abbotti as type. Amphion nessus and Deidamia inseriptum are both monotypic from our fauna. Gauroe and Jua,nita appear in Pterogon. I have shown that the TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. FEBRUARY, 1893. 14 JOHN B. SMITH. genera last cited (except Pterof/ou) are structurally distinct from the typical Macroglossiupe, and that they cannot ren)ain united with it. Unzelajapixk credited to America simply. I am not aware that it occurs in our fauna. Triptogon is used for Enyo, marked preoccu- pied, and neither lugabrk nor camertus are credited to our fauna. The Choerocanipinpe are Subfiimily II. Theretm Hiib. is used for Chcerommpa, and out of 115 species our fauna is credited with two only, and one of these — procne, does not belong to us. Deilephlla contains two species from our fauna, and one of these is galil, var. intermedia Kirby, to which chamcenerii is cited as synonym ; prob- ably correctly. Dupo Hiib. is used for vitis, linnei and typhon, wiiile in Philampelm we find paiidorus, and in Phohis, achemon. This is certainly extreme, for, while we may admit difference between Dupo and Philampelus, achemon and pandoms are so closely allied in all stages that generic separation becomes simply absurd. Carried out consistently on the same basis it would be almost impossible to get more than two or three species into any genus. Argeus labruscce is not credited to our fauna, though it has been in our lists for years. To Darapsa is referred versicolor Harr. Ampelophaga is confined to Asiatic species, and chcerilas and mijron appear in Everyx. Subfamily III is the Ambulicinpe, in which we find Pachylia Wlk. P. ficas is not credited to our fauna, but P. lynceaClem., from Texas, appears as a good species. Subfamily IV, the Sphinginae, begins with Dlludia, which contains brontes as sole species from our fauna. Daremma contains undalosa as type, hagenii and catalpce, all from our fauna. Mr. Kirby does not seem to have recognized the close affinity between these s])ecies and amyntor, for he i)laces the latter 14 genera further on. Dolha has our species as type, and one other from Mexico. Cocytius Hiib., Verzeichniss, has antceus as type, Avipliomjx sinking into the syn- onymy. The species is not credited to our fauna. Under Phlege- tho)itius we find sezta Joh. as type, and this is our Sph. Carolina. As other species we have rustica, credited to America sim})ly; dalica, credited to Canada, and which has been referred as a form of rustica ; lycopersici, which has been referred to Carolina; quinquemaculata and cingulata, var. decolorata. Under Sphinx, oreodaphne is given specific rank, leucophreta is credited to Texas, lugens is not credited to our fauna, andromedoi is marked from Georgia to Honduras, as a good species, utahensis is given specific rank, vashti, vancouverensi.s and albescen-^ are all made good species, and we find a -S'. ? capreolus AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 15 Schauf., from Vermont! GarganUia, with eremitus as type, is pro- posed for that species, eremiioides, gordius and luscitiosa. Mr. Kirby seems to have overlooked the fact that Mr. Grote, ten years ago and more, referred Mr. Strecker's species to lugens. Under Hyloicus we find saniptri Strk. as a distinct species ; plebeia, dollii, coloradus, sequoke, strobi and cupressi. Under Lapara we still have homhy- coides Wlk. as sole species and type. Chlae.nogramma has jasmitiearum as type and only species, and Ceratomia, with amyidor, is in the same case. Ellema contains our species only, and Exedriuin has still only one species. Dilophonota ello, oenotrus, melancholica and raeriance, are all credited to America simply, though they are mostly confined to a very limited part of it. Obscura on the other hand, though it occurs in our fauna, is credited only to Mexico and the Antilles. Under Cautethia we have grotei only, and under Anceryx only ed- wardsii. The Manducinse, Subfamily V, contains only Manduca Hiib., Tentamen, which replaces Acherontta Ochs., and this is unrepre- sented in our fauna. Subfamily VI is the Smerinthinse. Marumba Moore is used in place of Trij)togon, marked preoccupied, and we are given three species: modesta, imperator and cablei. The latter "species" one would suppose had certainly not a leg to stand upon, and why Mr. Kirby gives it unquestioned specific rank here is inexplicable to me. Under Smerinthus we have vancouverensis and ophthalmicus, while under Eusmerlnthus we have oerisii and astarte, though I have shown that they are all but geographical races of one species. Geminatus is given as distinct from Jamaicensis under the same generic term, and here, too, we find viyop)s, a species which I have shown to be structurally distinct. In Faonias we have exaecata as type, and pavonina Geyer as other species. To Calasymbolus, astylus is referred as type, and one other species, oculata, from Mexico, is given a place here with a ?. In Creasonia we find juglandis, hyperbola, robinsonii and pallens, all as good species. Finally, tailing off the list, we have Ai'donotiis lucidus. After such an review of the Sphingidse, a sort of helpless feeling predominates. Is there any use of w^-iting monographs, lists or synopses when they seem to be unused or re- garded as of no avail by such men as Mr. Kirby ? To say nothing of the almost entire disregard of nearly all the original synonymy proposed by me in my monograph of the family, even old, accepted synonyms, established by Mr. Grote are not adopted in all cases. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. FEBRUARY, 1893. 16 JOHN B. SMITH. Not even for localities are our lists used, much less are our other publications referred to in matters of distribution. Demonstrations of structural identity or differences go for nothing. The races of Smeriuthits cerysii are separated generically, while species very dif- ferent in structure are associated. To the Bombycid?e, Family XXII, only 28 genera are referred, and the first of these, represented in our fauna, is Bombyx with mori as type. I am glad Mr. Kirby has so typified the old Linnaean genus. 'I'he only other si)ecies from our fauna is Thauma ribis Hy. Edw., only species of the genus. Family XXIII, the Drepanulidse, contains 31 genera, 17, or more than half of them, monotypic. Perophora, with 25 species, is re- ferred here, our fauna credited with one name only, which, however, typifies the genus. Oreta Wlk., supplants Dryopteris Grt., and our species are here listed : marginata is here given as a synonym of rosea, instead of a variety, as it stands in our lists. Lacosoma, with chlridota as type and only species, is also referred here. Under Platypteryx, our species appear without change, save that fasciata Steph. is referred to " N. Amer. ?"; it is quite likely that the ? is justified. The Prionia bilineata of our lists reappears here in Fal- caria Haw., and that ends our representation in the family. Scanning the association here made, rather clo.sely, leaves it an open question whether superficial resemblances rather than structural characters have not been too much controlling. Next follows the family Ceratocampidse, and in Aiiisota, which heads the series, we find our three species unchanged, two of them referred from Georgia only, the third from America. Dnjocampa follows, with rubicHiida as type, and six other species from Central and South America. Sphingieampa contains our species only, and var. immacidata Jewett is missing. QuadrUineata and alboUneata by the bye, are credited to Mexico only. Citheronia Hiib. and Ea- des Hiib. are united, and our species otherwise are unchanged. Coloradla ends the series. Omitting the last, the family is a sharply limited one. I confess that I would have hesitated about uniting Eacle-i and Citheronia, but am not prepared to say the union is not justifiable. It is only surprising to find it made by Mr. Kirbv, who elsewhere finds no difficulty in separating much more nearly allied forms. To Family XXV, the Saturniidoe, 68 genera are referred. Under Attacus we find cinctns, from Arizona, and eryclna Shaw, as doubt- AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 17 fully Texan. Erycina is an older name for splendldas, according to Mr. Kirby. Under Phi/osaviia, used for a section of Hiibner's Savila, we find cynthia, which is credited to Java only, though it has been on our lists for years. Mr. Kirby has in some other cases given only the original home of a species and not the localities in which it has been accidentally introduced or domesticated. Samia Hiih. is given cecrojiia as type, and Columbia, glovevl and califoniica as other species. The last name justly replaces ceavothi Behr. In Callosa- mia we find calleta, promethea and angulifera. This separation of the species, which I have united under the term Attacus, is perhaps justifiable when the fauna of the world is considered, though I con- fess I rather doubt the possibility of sharp definitions for all of the generic terms. Under Teleawe h?i.ve polyphemus.'A^ sole species and type. Luna appears under Tropcea, and next to it we find T. rossi Ross, from Toronto. It is extremely unlikely that this name refers to a distinct species. I have not seen the " Cat. Lep. Can. p. 5, note (1872)," where it is said to be described. Under Saturnia we find our galbiiia, but it is credited to Mexico only. Calomturnia, with mendocino as sole species and type, is separated from it by six foreign genera. Axdomerix Hiib., is used to replace Hyperchiria for 77 spe- cies, among which our few American names are scattered. Lillith Strck. is given specific rank. Of Hyperchiria, proper, we have no species. Hemileuca is an American genus, and all but four of the species belong to our fauna. Nevadensis is given specific rank, and hualapai, tricolor and sororius, are referred to Euleucophceus. E. neumoegeni is referred to Argyrauges. In Pseudohazis, nidtali is given specific rank ; pica is made a synonym of hera instead of a variety of eglanterina, and marcata is made a variety of eglanferina instead of hera, as its describer thought. It is to be regretted that Mr. Kirby did not accept my limitation of the Saturniidse to those foi-ms in which the aiitennjB have two branches or pectinations to each joint. If structural characters are to be regarded as having any value at all in the Lepidoptera, this character is certainly as strong a one as occurs in the order. Family XXVI is the Lasiocampidaj, with 148 genera. Not until we reach genus 85 do we find any familiar names, and then, under Phyllodesma Hiib. we find the species we have as Gastropacha in our lists. G. occidentis Wlk. is here referred as a synonym of americaua, which I am willing to accept as correct. Roseata Stretch is used instead of mildei Stretch, and here I cannot follow Mr. Kirbv. On TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (3) MARCH, 1893. 18 JOHN B. SMITH. plate iv, fig. 12, of Mr. Stretch's work, a species is figured whicli, iu the sheet of explanations, is called G. roseata N. S. No such spe- cies is described, but on p. 113 is described, at length, G. mildei, and, after the name, the reference is to PI. iv, fig. 12. There is no sort of doubt that Mr. Stretch intended mildei as the name of the species, and that roseata was a mere tentative term unfortunately used in the explanations. I do not think that this constitutes such a character- ization of the species as will prevent an author's changing the name ill the first description, even though the plate is issued a month be- fore the part containing the description appears. P. alascensis Stretch also appears in the list. Mr. Stretch never described any such species if his language is to be trusted. In comparing his mildei with allied species he speaks of G. alascensis Pack., and says his species is not " uniformly dark brown * * * etc.," quoting from some other publication. As a matter of fact, alascensis was never sanctioned by any description, and has no existing type. The name has no rightful place in any list. Carpinifolia Bdv. is also given as a synonym of americana, and Mr. Kirby thus goes further than any American author has yet done to my knowledge. To Gloveria are referred the species of our list and some Mexican forms. Genus 100 is Heteropacha, with rileyana as sole species and type. Under Clisio- eaiiipa no change has been made in our species. Artace has punc- tistriga as type, rubripalpis Feld. as variety, and albicans as other American species. By an error of date I was induced to give Felder's name priority in my list; it must be as Mr. Kirby has it. Onr species of Tolype are unchanged. Apatelodes appears in this family quite out of place; and finally we have Acronyctodes insig- natii Hy. Edw. credited to Arizona. It was described from Mexico. The Pinaridfe is a small family which is not represented in our fauna. Family XXVIII is the Zeuzeridse, Mr. Kirby rejecting the term Cossus in favor of Trypantcs Ramb., because Cossvs had been pre- viously used as a specific term. It is perhaps questionable whether this will be followed by lepidopterists generally. Qnadrina diazoma heads the family, and Trypanus {Cossus) is genus 4. All the species of our list are found here, but some changes are introduced. Cossus macmurtrici Peale is written macmurtrei Guer., dating 1829. Peale is not cited, but I believe that 1857 is the date of his opus; which determination is correct, I do not know. C. undosus Lint, is wrongly written nodosum. Nanus Strck. is re- AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 19 ferred to Prionoxystus. In Hypopta we find our sjoecies unchanged. Prionoxystus contains our species and jiiger from Cuba. Cossnla basalis appears in genus 21, in the full glory of its synonymy, generic and specific. Under Zeuzera we find canadensis H.-S. and deciplens Kirby. The latter name has as synonym Hepialus pyrimis Fab., Zeuzera pyrma Wlk. and Machesney. Mr. Kirby seems to consider that our species is not the same as the European form, and therefore names it, giving N. America as the habitat. I believe that Mr. Kirby is mistaken. The insect has been carefully compared with European specimens by competent entomologists and has been de- clared identical with them. It is still so limited in distribution, and its history since its appearance here is so well known, that its recent introduction is a matter scarcely questionable. It would be inter- esting to have Mr. Kirby point out the differences between the spe- cies. It is curious that Z. canadensis should not have been redis- covered by the many good Canadian collectors, and it raises a suspicion that the locality may have been erroneously given. Family XXIX is the Hepialidse, and the last of the series. The typical genus heads the list, and contains a large proportion of onr species. Camus is not credited to our fauna, and Walker's identifi- cation of the species from Hudson's Bay Territory may easily have been incorrect. All the varieties in my list, save montanus Stretch, are here given specific rank. Argenteomactdatus, argentatm, quadn- guttatus, purpurasce)i.s and thule, are referred to Sthenopis, and in the other genera no species from our fauna appear. In its entirety Mr. Kirby's work is worthy of the highest praise. I have noted no important omissions and very few errors of any kind. Mr. Kirby shows a remarkable acquaintance with entomo- logical literature — an acquaintance in which no one who has not access to the vast wealth of the London libraries can hoj)e to rival him. To the working entomologist the work is indispensable, and a very godsend. In typography and general get up, it leaves little to be desired. Mr. Kirby has apparently been at great pains to fix the types of geaiera, and in most cases his conclusions will have to be accepted. In the adoption of the Tentamen names I must de- cline to follow him ; but I have long felt that many of the Verzeich- niss names must come to be used in time. A serious fault in the work is, that it is not possible to learn from it what synonymy is original and what is adopted. As a guide to distribution, it is use- less, except in the most limited way. No pretence to completeness TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. ' MARCH, 1893. 20 JOHN B. SMITH. of bibliography is made, but a reference to faunal monographs of families or groups would have added greatly to the value of the work and would not have taken much more space. As authority for specific rank it must be very cautiously used, in our fauna at least. With the family groupings, or rather the grouping of genera into families I disagree entirely. No series of insects affords better opportunities for family divisions on structural characters than do the Bombyces, and, to our shame be it said, in no series is the classifi- cation so utterly superficial, so completely at variance with all scien- tific bases than just here where the work is easiest. I do not believe that more than half a dozen of the twenty-nine families accepted are capable of clean scientific definition. This is not Mr. Kirby's fault of course; it is, however, disappointing that the catalogue not onlv makes no advance in the matter of classification, but does not even accept sharply limited groups where they have been so well defined that recognition is easy. I realize, of course, that Mr. Kirby could not in all cases make even a good guess at the real location of some of the described forms; but this does not aflfect the criticism made, since the bad associations occur also among fi)rms well represented in the British Museum. To bring out somewhat more sharply the contrast between Mr. Kirby's work and the arrangement adopted in my recent list, which embodies the results attained by American students, I give in serial form the species credited to our fauna as they stand in the catalogue ; while to show, in a measure, the proportion of our own forms to those of the world, I retain Mr. Kirby's numbering to families, genera and species. Family I. CASTNIIDJE. Family IV. AGARISTID^. Genus 17. PSBUDALYPIA Hv. Edw. C4enus MBGATHYMUS Scudd. 1. crotchii-' Hy. Edw. var. ntrnta Hy. Edw. 1. yuccse* Bdv. Lee. 2. cofaqui Stik. :i. neumoeg-eni Hy. Edw. Genus 18. ALYPIODES Grt. 1. crescens-s Wlk. Family II. COCYTIID^. Alyina grotei Bdv. Not represented. Ahjpiodes flaviUngms Grt. Genus 19. ANDROLOMA Grt. Family III. URANIID^. j. lorqninii* G. ^ E. Not represented. 2. maccullocliii Kirby. * Indicates that the species is the type of tlie genus. AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 21 3. ridingsii Git. 4. similis Stretch. edwardsii Bdv. var. conjuncta Hy. Edw. 5. brannani Stretch. Genus 20. ALYPIA Hiih. 1. octomaculata Fab. quadriguttalis Hiib. Zygsena bimaculatn Gmel. matnta Hy. Edw. 3. albomaculata Stoll. octomactilalis Hiib. Agarista octomaculata Latr. 4. 'wittfleldi Hy. Edw. .5. langtonii Coup. 6. hudsonica Hy. Edw. 7. mariposa Grt. & Eob. var. lunata Stretch. 8. dipsaci Grt. & Rob. 9. sacramenti Grt. & Rob. Geuus i^. PSYCHOMORPHA Harr. 1. epimenis* Dru. Genus 23. EUEDWARDSIA Grt. 1. brillians* Neura. Genus 27. COPIDRYAS Grt. 1. gloveri- Grt. & Roli. Geuus 28. FENARIA Grt. 1. sevorsa'-' Grt. Genus 29. EUTHISANOTIA Hiib. 1. unio* Hiib. 2. grata Fab. assimilis Bdv. 3. brevipennis Stretch. r>. sanctse Johannis Wlk. Genus 30. CIRIS Grt. 1. -wilsonii* Grt. Genus 35. METAGARISTA Wlk. 3. sabulosa Bdv. Family V. CHALCOSIID^. Not represented. Family VI. THYMARIDiE. Not represented. Family VII. ZYG^NID^. Subfamily 1. Anthrocerin^. Not represented. Subfam. 2. Adscitin.. long-a Grt. 6. pura Neum. Genus 115. HALISIDOTA Hiib. 2. davisii Hy. Edw. 5. labecula Grt. (i. edwardsii Pack. trnnshicida Wlk. quercus Bdv. H. tessellaris* A. & S. antiphola Walsh. harrisii Walsh. 12. mixta Neum. 25. minima Neum. 33. trigona Grt. 43. cinnamomea Bdv. 46. significans Hy. Edw. 49. ambig'ua Stretch [Strck.]. bolferi Hv. Edw. Genus 119. ECPANTHERIA Hiib. 13. sennettii Lint. 37. ceeca Strck. 39. ocularia* Fab. scrihonia StoU. oculatissima S. & A. chryseis 01 i v. cunegunda Beau v. ah. confluens Oberth. var. denudata Sloss. 53. reducta Grt. Genus 121. AMELIA Kirby. 1. roseata Wlk. Genus 122. ARACHNIS Geyer. 2. picta Pack. 7. zuni Scjigus. Subfam. 5. Spilosomatin^.. Genus 140. ANTARCTIA Hiib. 12. beanii Neum. var. fuscosa Neum. Genus 142. ESTIGMENE Hub. I. acrsea Dru. var. caprotina Dru. pseuderminea Harr. californica Pack. packardii Schaupp. mentliastrina Mart. 3. permaculata Pack. nigroflava Graef. 4. albida Stretch. 5. dubia Wlk. 6. niobe Strck. Genus 143. SPILOSOMA Steph. 7. virg'inica Fab. 8. prima Sloss. 10. latipenne Stretch. II. vestalis Pack. 12. antig'one Strck. Genus 151. HYPHANTRIA Harr. 1. cunea Dru. punctatissima A. & S. 2. textor* Harr. Candida Wlk. 3. punctata Fitch. * Indicates that the species TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. is the type of the genus. MARCH, 1893. 24 JOHN B. SMITH. Genus 152. ECTYPIA Clem. 1. bivittata* Clem. Genus l.'aS. ENBRYTHBA Harr. 1. trimaculata Smith. 2. phasma* Haw. Genus 157. CYCNIA Hiih. 1. egle Dm. 2. eg-lenensis Clem, murina Stretch. immaculata Graef. abdominalis Grt. spraguei Grt. bolteri Stretch, eleg-ans Stretch. zonalis Grt. vivida Grt. perlevis Grt. inopinatus Hy. Edw. oreg-onensis Stretch. collaris Fitch. antica Wlk. sciurns Bdv. pudens Hy. Edw. tenera* Hiih. scepsiformis Graef. budea Hiih. yosemite Hy. Edw. Genus 1.58. PAREUCH^TBS Grt. 3. conspicua Neum. Genus 160. VANESSODES G. & E. 1 . clarus* G. & R. 2. fuscipes Grt. Genus 174. SBIRARCTIA Pack. 1. echo* A. AS. 2. Clio Pack. Gen us ^77. PYRRHARCTIA Pack. 1. Isabella* A. & S. californica Pack. Subftiiii. 6. iVRCTiiN^. Genus 178. CODIOSOMA Stretch. 1. fulva* Stretch. 2. nigra Stretch. .3. tricolor Stretch. 4. eavesii Stretch. Genus 179. PHRAGMATOBIA Steph. 4. rubricosa Harr. assimihms Wlk. var. franconia Sloss. rubicmidaria Clem. 12. vag'ans Bdv. pteridis Hy. Edw. rufula Bdv. punctata Pack. var. pro Da Hy. Edw. 1.5. rubra Neum. 16. ■walsing'hami Butl. Genus 190. PARASEMIA Hub. 3. petrosa Wlk. var. cespites Grt. & Rob. var. cichorii Grt. & Rol). 4. g-eometrica Grt. 5. geddesi Xeuni. 6. selwynii Hy. Edw. 7. modesta Pack. 8. scudderii Pack. Genus 191. HAPLOA Huh. 1. conscita Wlk. lactata Smith. 2. vestalis Pack. 3. fulvicosta Clem. 4. Carolina Harr. 5. clymene Biown. ■inter ruptomarginata Beau v. comma Wlk. 6. contigua Wlk. 7. colona Hiih. clymene Esp. 8. reversa Stretch. 9. suffusa Smith. 10. lecontei Guer. leucomelas H.-Sch. 11. militaris Harr. 12. conflnis Wlk. 13. confusa Lym. Genus 196. CALLIMORPHA Latr. 11. virginalis Bdv. var. ochracea Stretch, var. guttata H.-Sch. Indicates that the species is the type of the genus. AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 25 Genus 200. PLATARCTIA Pack. 1. parthenos* Harr. americana Wlk. 2. borealis Moeschl. 6. yarrowi Stretch. 7. remissa Hy. Edw. Gen ns 202. HYPERCOMPA Hiib. 1. caia* Linn. var. americana Harr. var. utahensis Hy. Edw. 6. opulenta Hy. Edw. Genus 207. HYPHORAIA Hiib. 5. hyperborea Curt. Genus 213. APANTESIS Wlk. 1. Virgo Linn. 2. parthenice Kirby. 3. nerea Bdv. 4. micliaba Grt. 5. doris Bdv. 6. arge Dru. dione Fab. ccelebs Mart. mcarnatorubra Goeze. 7. achaia Grt. & Rob. var. ochracea Stretch, var. barda Hy. Edw. 8. stretchi Grt. shastaensis French, intermedia Stretch, simplicior Butl. saundersii Grt. approximata Stretch, persephone Grt. anna Grt. blakei Grt. rectilinea French, pbyllira Dru. B-ata Goeze. plantaginis Mart. var. lugubris Hulst. bolanderi Stretch, nevadensis Grt. & Rob. var. incorrupta Hy. Edw. var. sulphurjca Neum. var. mormonica Neum. var. behri Stretch. 21. superba Stretch. 22. g-eneura Streck. 23. dodgei Biitl. 24. ■williamsi Dodge. 25. edwardsii Stretch. 26. rhoda Butl. 27. determinata Neum. 28. pallida Neum. 29. bimaculata Saund. 30. nais* Dru. cuneata Goeze. defioriana Mart. % phalerata Harr. var. vittata Fab. radians Wlk. coJorata Wlk. decorata Saund. var. incompleta Butl, 31. franconia Slosson. 32. flgurata Dru. ceramica Hiib. celia Saund. 33. quadrinotata Strck. 34. snowi Grt. 35. ochreata Butl. 36. placentia A. & S. 37. flammea Neum. 38. pallida Pack. 39. excelsa Neum. 43. virguncula Kirby. var. complicata Wik. dahurica Grt. 44. oithona Strck. 45. elongata Stretch. 46. dieckii Neum. 47. brucei Hy. Edw. Genus 215. ORODEMNIAS Walleiif 1. quenselii* Payk. strigosa Fab. var. gelida Moeschl. 3. speciosa Moeschl. 4 obliterata Stretch. 6. cervinoides Strck. Genus 216. CALLARCTIA Pack 3. ornata* Pack. 5. favorita Neum. 6. arizonensis Stretch. ••■ Indicates that the species is the type of the geuus. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (4) MARCH. 1893. 26 JOHN B. SMITH. Genus 222. LEPTARCTIA Stretch. 1. stretchii Butl. 2. dimidiata Stretch. 3. boisduvali Butl. 4. albifascia Freucli. r>. occidentalis French. 6. latifasciata Butl. 7. fulvofasciata BntL • 8. caiifornise* VVlk. adnata Bdv. 9. -wrightii French. 10. decia Bdv. 11. lena French. ■ V Family IX. CYMBIDiE. Genus 6. EABIAS Hub. 25. obliquata Hy. Eflw. Family X. LITHOSIID.E. Genus 11. HYPOPBEPIA Hiih. 1. fucosa* Hiih. miniata Kirby. vitfata Harr. 2. plvimbea Hy. Edw. 3. cadaverosa Strck. 4. inculta Hy. Edw. Genus 12. CISTHENE Wlk. 4. unifascia Grt. & Kob, 5. tenuifascia Harr. 6. packardii Grt. 7. subjecta* Wlk. 9. plumbea Stretch. 16. lactea Stretch. Genus 13. PYRALIDIA Feld. 2. faustinula Bdv. var. fusca Stretch. 3. nexa Bdv. grisea Pack. 4. deserta* Feld. Genus 14. HYALOSCOTES Butl. 1. fumosa* Butl. Genus 92. LITHOSIA Fab. 37. argillacea Pack. bicolnr Grt. ')'}. rubropicta Pack. Genus 122. CRAMBIDIA Pack. 1. pallida* Pack. 5. Candida Hy. Edw. 6. casta Pack. 7. cepbalica Grt. & Rob. Genus 126. EUSTIXIA Hub. pupula* Hiib. Genus 144. COSCINIA Hiib. 6. ampla Grt. Genus 147. UTETHEISA Hiib. 2. ornatrix Linn. var. liybrida Butl. 3. bella Linn. • var. intermedia Butl. Genus 163. EUBAPHE Hub. 1. diminutiva Graef. 2. belfragei Stretch. 3. costata Stretch. 5. aurantiaca* Hiib. rubicuudaria Hiib. 6. brevicornis VVlk. 7. ferruginosa Wlk. 8. obscura Stretch. ferriiginosa Pack. 9. quinaria Grt. chorioaa Reak. 10. nigricans Reak. 14. opella Grt. rubicundaria Wlk. 15. opelloides Graef. 18. Iseta Guer. 19. rubropicta Pack. 20. ostenta Hy. Edw. 21. intermedia Graef. 22. treatii Grt. 23. frag-ilis Strck. 24. rosa French. Genus 166. EUDULE Hiib. 1. bexana French. 2. unicolor Rob. 3. immaculata Reak. var. trimaculata Reak. * Indicates that the species is the type of the genus. AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 27 Geuus 179. PAGARA Wlk. 1. simplex® Wlk. murina Wlk. Genus 182. EUPHANESSA Pack. 1. mendica* Wlk. biseriata H.-Sch. 2. meridiana Sloss. Genus 190. CL.EMENSIA Pack. 1. albata* Pack. albida Wlk. CMia Wlk. 2. umbrata Pack. 3. irrorata Hy. Edw. Genus 195. NYCTEOLA Hiib. 9. lintnerana Spey. 10. Columbiana Hy. Edw. Genus 199. EULITBOSIA Hy. Edw. 1. composita® Hy. Edw. 2. thoracica Hy. Edw. Genus 201. NOLA Leach. 5. minuscula Zell. fuscula Grt. 14. anfracta Hy. Edw. 34. ovilla Grt. 40. hyemalis Stretch. Genus 205. ARGYROPHYES Grt. 1. piistulata Wlk. nigrofascintn Zell. ohaurata Morr. 2. ciliaoides® Grt. Genus 210. LEBENA Wlk. 1. trinotata* Wlk. sexmaculata Grt. 2. minna Butl. 4. sorghiella Riley. 8. melanopa Zell. Family XI. HYPSID^. Xot represented. Fain. XII. CALLIDULID.E. Not represented. Faui. XIII. CYLLOPODID.E. Not represented. Fam. XIV. DIOPTID^. Genus 3. PHRYGANIDIA Pac^k. 1. californica* Pack. Genus 4. DIOPTIS Hub. 13. meg-sera Fab. Fam. XV. NYCTEMERID^. Not represented. Fam. XVI. LIPARID.E. Genus 9. CINGILIA Wlk. 1. humeralis* Wlk. Genus 22. CARAMA Wlk. 10. cretata Grt. Genus 61. ARTAXA Wlk. 54. (?) ingenita Hy. Edw. Genus 110. PARORGYIA Pack 1. leucophaea A. & S. 4. clintonii Grt. & Eob. 5. achatnia® A. AS. 6. parallela Grt. & Rob. 7. obliquata Grt. & Rob. 8. cinnamomea Grt. & Rob. 9. basiflava Pack. Genus 113. LAGOA Harr. 1. pyxidifera A. & S. 2. opercularis A. & S. lanuginosa Clem. 3. crispata Pack. Genus 135. DASYCHIRA Hiil). 8. rossii Curt. 9. groenlandica Honi. 10. lintneri Grt. Genus 143. CALOGASIA Ochs 2. diversicolor Morr. 3. flavicornis Sniitli. Genus 147. NERICE Wlk. 1. bidentata® Wlk. * Indicates that the species TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. is the type of the genus. MARCH, 1893. 28 JOHN B. SMITH. Genus 154. COTHOCIDA Wlk. 1. nigrifera* Wlk. Genus 164. NOTOLOPHUS Germ. 17. antiquus* Linu. , nova Fitch. hadia Hy. Edw. * ;il. deflnitus Pack. 32. vetustus Bdv. 33. g'ulosus Hy. Edw. 34. canus Hy. Edw. 35. leucostigma A. & S. 36. leucographus Geyer. var. olivacea Hy. Edw. 61. Inornatus Beut. F. XVII. HETEROGYNID^ Not represented. Fani. XVIII. PSYCHID^. Geuus 2. OIKETICUS Guild. 1. abbottii Grt. 2. davidsoni Hy. Edw. Geuus 3. THYRIDOPTERYX Steph. 1. ephemerseformis* Haw. plumifera Steph. coniferarum Pack. 2. meadii Hy. Edw. Geuus 8. MANATHA Moore. 2. edwardsii Heyl. Geuus 25. CHALIA Moore. 14. rileyi Heyl. Genus 32. PSYCHE Schrauk. 12. confederata Grt. k Rob. 13. carbonaria Pack. 14. coniferella Hy. Edw. 15. fragmentella Hy. Edw. Geuus 33. PLATCECETICUS Pack. 1. gloverii* Pack. Geuus 44. CEDONIA Kirby. 1. exigua* Hy. Edw. Geuus 45. SAPINELLA Kirby. 1. mora* Grt. Fam. XIX. LIMACODID^. Geuus 33. SEMYRA Wlk. 4. beutenmuelleri Hy. Edw. Genus 36. PHOBETRUM Hiib. 1. pithecium* A. & S. abbotana Hiib. 2. hyalinum Walsh. 3. nigricans Pack. 4. tetradactylus Walsh. Genus 37. ADONETA Clem. 1. spinuloides* H.-Sch. valuta Clem. 2. leucosigma Pack. 3. pygmsea Grt. Geuus 38. EULIMACODES Moeschl. 1. scapha Harr. midifera Wlk. Genus 52. NOCHELIA Clem. 1. tardigrada* Clem. Geuus 53. EMPRETIA Clem. I. stimulea* Clem. Genus 54. SIBINE H.-Sch. II. (?) ephippiatus Harr. Genus 67. PAR AS A Moore. 49. chloris H.-Sch. fraterna Grt. 50. viridus Eeak. vernata Pack. Geuus 68. VARINA Neum. 1. ornata* Neum. Geuus 69. EUCLEA Hub. 2. viridiclava Wlk. 3. querceti H.-Sch. cippus A. & S. var. delphinii Bdv. var. interjecta Dyar. var. monitor Pack. 4. quercicola H.-Sch. 5. bifida Pack. 6. ferrug-inea Pack. * Indicates that the species is the type of the genus. AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 29 7. punctulata Clem. 9. incisa Harv. 10. elliotii Pears. 17. nana Dyar. Genus 70. MONOLBUCA Grt. & Rob. 1. semifascia* VVlk. 2. sulphurea Grt. 3. obliqua Hy. Edw. 4. subdentosa Dyar. Genus 78. SOSIOSA Kirhy. 1. textula* H.-Sch. Genus 79. TORTRICIDIA Pack. 1. flavula H.-Sch. 2. pallida H.-Sch. 3. testacea® Pack. 4. fer rig-era Wlk. Genus 82. KBONEA Reak. I, minuta* Reak. Genus 83. APOD A Haw. 7. trigona Hy. Edw. 8. tetraspilaris Wlk. 9. biguttata Pack. 10. Y-in versa Pack. II. parallela Hy. Edw. Genus 88. SICYROSEA Grt. 1. inornata Grt. & Rob. 2. nasoni Grt. 3. rude Hy. Edw. Genus 89. PACKARDIA Grt. & Rob. 1. eleg-ans* Pack. 2. fusca Pack. 3. geminata Pack. 4. albipunctata Pack. 5. ocellata Grt, 6. nigropunctata Good. 7. g-oodeilii Grt. Genus 91. LITHACODES Pack. ). fasciola* H.-Sch. 2. laticlavia Clem. 3. flexuosa Grt. 4. csesonia Grt. 5, rectilinea Grt. & Rob. latomia Harv. 6. graefli Pack. Genus 94. HETEROGENEA Knoch. 5. sburtlefa Pack. Fam. XX. NOTODONTIDiE. Genus 12. L.ITODONTA Harv. 1. hydromeli* Haw. Genus 13. HBTEROCAMPA Doubl. 2. athereo Harr. 3. astarte* Doub. menas Harr. varia Wlk. 4. obliqua Pack. var. brunnea Grt. & Rob. 5. lunata Hy. Edw. 7. trouvelotii Pack. 8. subrotata Harv. celtiphaga Harv. pulverea Grt. & Rob. marthesia Cram. tessella Pack. turhUla Wlk. 35. elongata Grt. & Rob, 16. g-uttivitta Wlk. albiplaga Wlk. mdetenn'mata Wlk. mucorea H.-Sch. chapmani Grt. biundata Wlk. olivattts Pack. viridescens Wlk. 27. umbrata Wlk. 28. cinerea Pack. sobria Wlk. 29. unicolor Pack. 30. marina Pack. 31. manteo Doubl, cinerascens Wlk. subalbicans Grt. 32. doubledayi Scudd. 34. belfragei Grt. 35. thyatiroides Wlk. 36. significata Wlk. 37. nigrosignata Wlk. 9. 11. 13. 20. 25. 26, * Indicates that the species is the type of the genus. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. MARCH, 1893. 30 JOHN B. SMITH. 38. mollis VVlk. 39. superba Hy. Edw. 53. nivea Neiim. Geiins 21. CE5DBMASIA Pack. 1. concinna* A. & S. 2. semirufescens Wlk. 3. eximia Grt. 4. nitida Pack. .5. badia Pack. 6. salicis Hy. Edw. 7. river sii Behr. 8. perangulata Hy. Edw. Genus 23. SCHIZURA Doubl. 1. unicornis A. & S 2. humilis Wlk. 3. conspecta Hy. Edw. 4. edmandsii Pack. r>. apicalis Grt. & Eob. (>. leptinoides Grt. 7. naustelina Pack. 8. ipomeee* Douhl. bigutfahis Puck. ducens Wlk. corticea Wlk. compta Wlk. confnsa Wlk. var. cinereofrons Pack. nstipenniK Wlk. 9. telifer Grt. 10. harrisii Pack. Genus 25. SALIGENA Wlk. 1. personata* Wlk. Genus 26. SEIRODONTA Grt. 1. bilineata* Pack. nssociata Wlk. ulmi Harr. Genus 27. HATIMA Wlk. 1. semirufescens* Wlk. 2. anguina A. & S. cncnllifera H.-Scli. pimctatn Wlk. canu Wlk. 3. interna Pack. tripartita Wlk. Genus 30. IAN ASS A Wlk. 1. lignicolor* Wlk. virgata Pack. Ugnigera Wlk. transversata Wlk. var. coloradensis Hy. Edw. Genus 34. SYMMERISTA Hiih. albicosta* Hiih. Genus 40. EDEMA Wlk. 2. albifrons" A. &S. 4. pa^ckardii Morr. 6. (?) obliqua Wlk. 7. (?) plag-iata Wlk. Genus 41. STRETCHIA Hy. Edw. 1. plusiiformis* Hy. Edw. Genu.s 42. ACHERDES Wlk. 1. ferraria* Wlk. Genus 80. CERTILA Wlk. flexuosa* Wlk. Genus 82. HYPARPAX Hiih. 1. aurora •■ A. & S. venusta Wlk. rosea Wlk. 2. aurostriata Graef. Genus 83. PSAPHIDIA Wlk 1. resumens* Wlk. Genus 84. CERURA Sclirauk. 15. scolopendrina Bdv. 16. cinerea Wlk. 17. cinereoides Dyar. 18. scitiscripta Wlk. 19. borealis Guer. furcula A. & S. 20. albicoma Strck. 21. Candida Lintn. 22. occidentalis Lintn. borealis Harr. 23. aquilonaris Lintn. 25. multiscripta Riley. 38. modesta Hudson. * Indicates tliat the species is the type of the genus. AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 31 Gemis 89. PANTHEA Hiib. '4. lencomelsena Morr. Genus 93. THAUMBTOPCEA Hiib. 10. grisea Neum. GeuHS 96. GLUPHISIA Bdv. 3. septentrionis Wlk. 4. trilineata Pack. 5. (?) tearlii Hy. Edw. 6. (?) wrigrhtii Hy. Edw. 7. (?) severa Hy. Edw. 8. ridenda Hy. Edw. 9. rupta Hy. Edw. 10. albofascia Hy. Edw. 11. formosa Hy. Edw. 12. avimacula Hudson. Genus 117. ELLIDA Grt. 1. g-elida* Grt. Genus 122. NOTODONTA Ochs. 23. stragula Grt. 24. basitriens Grt. 25. simplaria Graef. 26. plag-iata Wlk. 27. notaria Hy. Edw. Genus 125. LOPHODONTA Pack. 1. angruloaa A. & S. 2. g-eoi'gica H.-Sch. 3. ferrug-inea Pack. 4. plumosa Hy. Edw. Genus 129. OCHROSTIGMA Hiib 4. tortuosa Tepp. Genus 137. LOPHOPTERYX Steph. 14. americana Haw. 15. elegans Strck. var. orissa Strck. Genus 142. PHEOSIA Hiib. 10. rimosa Pack. 11. portlandia Hy. Edw. 12. dimidiata H.-Sch. 13. californica Stretch. Genus 146. MELALOPHA Hiib. 7. apicalis Wlk. 8. inclusa Hiib. annstemosis S. & A. americana Harr. 9. incarcerata Bdv. 10. jocosa Hy. Edw. 11. strigosa Grt. 12. luculenta Hy. Edw. 13. ornata Grt. & Rob. 14. inornata Neum. 15. astorise Hy. Edw. 16. palla French. 17. inversa Pack. 18. indentata Pack. 19. albosig-na Fitch. 20. vau Fit«h. 21. brucei Hy. Edw. 22. biflria Hy. Edw. Genus 153. DATANA Wlk. Unchanged. Contains our species onl\% Genus 155. NADATA Wlk. 1. doubledayi Pack. var. oregonensis Butl. 2. gibbosa* A. & S. 3. behrensii Hy. Edw. Faui. XXI. SPHINGID^. Subfam. 1. Macroglossin^. Genus 1. HEMARIS Dalm. 1. fuscicaudis Wlk. 2. floridensis Grt. & Rob. 3. tbysbe Fab. pelasgus Cram. cimbiciformis Steph. etolus Bdv. 4. ruficaudis Kirby. 5. buffaloensis Grt. & Rob. 6. uniformis Grt. & Rob. 7. pyramus Bdv. 8. gracilis Grt. & Rob. 12. axillaris Grt. & Rob. grotei Butl. 13. marginalis Grt. 21. difflnis Bdv. fusiform is A. & S. 22. sethra Strck. *" Indicates that the species TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. is the type of the geuus. MARCH, 1893. 32 JOHN B. SMITH. 23. palpalis Grt. 24. tenuis Grt. fiimosa Strck. 25. thetis Grt. & Rob. 26. raetathetis Butl. 27. rubens Hy. Edw. 28. senta Strck. 29. brucei French. 30. cynoglossum Hy. Edw. Genus 3. LEPISESIA Grt. 1. flavofasciata* Wlk. 2. ulalume Strck. Genr.sll. EUPBOSERPINUS G. & R. 1. phseton* Grt. & Rol>. errata Bdv. 2. euterpe Hy. Edw. Genus 12. DIENECES Butl. 1. clarkiae* Bdv. victoi'ia Grt. 2. circse Hy. Edw. Genus 14. PERIGONIA H.-Sch. 10. tacita Druce. Genus 17. SPHECODmA Blanch. 1. abbotii* Swains. Genus 18. AMPHION Hiib. 1. nessus* Cram. Genus 19. DEIDAMIA Clem. 1, inscriptum* Harr. Genus 21. PTEROGON Bdv. 3. gauree A. & S. 4. juanita Strck. 5. terlooi Hy. Edw. Subfam. 2. Chcerocampin^. Genus 40. THERETRA Hiib. 81. tersa Linn. 88. procne Clem. Genus 46. DEILEPHILA Ochs. 2. lineata Fab. daucus Cram. 6. galii Rott. var. intermedia Kirby. chamsenerii Harv. 7. oxybaphi Clem. Genus 47. DUPO Hiib. 1. vitis* Linn. fasciatus Sulz. jussieux Hiib. 2. linnei Grt. & Eob. vitis Stoll. Genus 48. PHILAMPELUS Harv. 3. pandorus* Hiib. ampelophaga Harr. snteUitia Dru. 6. satellitia Linn. 4 Genus 49. PHOLUS Hiib. 1. aclienion-- Dru. crantor Cram. Genus 52. DARAPSA Wlk. 5. versicolor Harr. Genus 55. EVERYX Menetr. 1. chcerilus Cram. azalex S. ter sp. n. % . — Length 2.8 mm. Head, thorax and first abdominal segment, except the lateral membranous parts, black; palpi whitish; mandibles ferruginous; an- TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (6) APKIL. 1893. 42 WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD. teniifE brown-black, the three or four basal joints pale or yellowish, especially beneath. Legs honey-yellow, the tarsi faintly dusky. Abdomen rufo-piceous or ferruginous, varying somewhat in depth of coloring. Head and thorax smooth, polished : face below antennae faintly punctate ; metathorax rugulose, with only a trace of a long central area; antennse long and slender, much longer than the body, tapering toward tips, 30-jointed, the first flagellar joint the longest, the others shorter and slightly gibbous at the middle, giving them a cord-like ap- pearance; thorax with two furrows that converge and meet before thescutellum, the middle lobe with a delicate grooved line on its basal half; scutelluni smooth, with a large crenate fovea at base; metathorax rugulose, with medial earinse. Wings hyaline, the stigma and venation light brown, the recurrent nervure joining an angle in the second submarginal cell, the fii'st abscissa of radius about as long as the second. Abdomen long-oval, shining, but with the surface finely, minutely wrinkled, the second segment very much longer than any of the others, about as long as the third, fourth and fifth united, with an oblique grooved line at each basal angle. ^ab. — Cedar Point, Md., and District of Columbia. Types in coll. Aslimead. Conies closest to the European If. moniUata Nees. 3. Horiniiis pallidipes sp. n. 9. — Length 1.8 mm. Head, antennse, except two basal joints, and thorax, except collar and metapleura, black ; collar and legs pale honey-yellow, the an- terior and middle legs nearly white, the hind tarsi fuscous; metapleura rufo- piceous; abdomen brownish piceous, the ovipositor a little longer than half its length. Head and thorax polished, impunctured, the latter with distinct par- apsidal furrows; metathorax finely rugulose, nearly smooth at base without areas; antennse 19-jointed, one-fourth longer than the body. Wings hyaline, the stigma and venation light brown, the first abscissa of radius slightly longer than the second. Hab.— Cedar Point, Md. Type in coll. Ashmead. The single specimen in my possession was kindly given me by my friend, Mr. E. A. Schwarz, who captured it Aug. 23, 1890. At first sight I was inclined to believe this species the opposite sex of H. erythrog aster, also captured at Cedar Point, but its much smaller size, different colored legs, sculpture of metathorax and the ])aucity of joints in antennae readily separate it. 4. H. atriceps sp. n. % 9 • — Length 1.6 — 1.8 mm. Head, except clypeus and mandibles, black ; rest of body honey-yellow; antennse brown, the two basal joints and legs, except tibise and tarsi, yellowish white; all tibiae and tarsi fuscous or dusky. Antennae 18 — 19-joiuted, longer than the body, the first flagellar joint the longest, the fol- lowing joints from three to three and a half times as long as thick; thorax smooth, polished, with delicate parapsidal furrows, the metathorax feebly punc- tate, areolated, the central carina quite distinct. Wings grayish hyaline, the NOKTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 43 Stigma and venation light brownish yellow, the first abscissa of radius about two-thirds the length of the second. Abdomen oblong-oval, the surface finely wrinkled but shining; ovipositor less than half the length of abdomen. Hab. — Jacksonville, Fla. Types in coll. Ashmead. Taken by sweeping. 5. H. vulgaris sp. n. '^ 9-"~Length 1.5 — 2 mm. Honey-yellow, with usually some obscure or fus- cous markings; antennse brown, much longer than the body, 20-jointed in both sexes, the joints after the third about four times as long as thick ; mesothoracic lobes (the middle at base and the laterals towards base), metanotum and plate of first abdominal segment more or less brownish or fuscous. Legs pale honey- yellow, the terminal joint alone dusky. Wings hyaline, the stigma and vena- tion light brown or yellowish, the first abscissa of radius being two-thirds the length of the second. Abdomen elongate-oval, fully as long as the head and thorax united, shining, but with a faint alutaoeous sculpture; ovipositor only one-fourth the length of abdomen. ' Hah. — Jacksonville, Fla. Types in coll. Ashmead. Common in April. Allied to H. atriceps, but of a more elongate shape, and otherwise separated by the color of head and the number of joints in the antennae. HORMIOPTEKUS Giraud. The type of this genus is from Algiers, and was reared from a lepidopterous larva, CEcocecis sp., producing a gall on Limoniaxtntm yuyanianum. Two species have been recognized in our fauna as follows : Entirely black ; anterior wings with a distinct white band. Hind 00X88 and femora black ; ovipositor two-thirds the length of abdomen. H. rasciatu.« sp. u. Dark fuscous; head, markings on thorax and usually the base and apex of ab- domen ferruginous; wings subfuliginous, with some whitish streaks, but without a distinct white band. All legs dull ferruginous; ovipositor half the length of abdomen. H. aciculatiis Cr. 1. Horiiiiopterus fasciatus sp. o. 9 . — Length 4 mm. ; ovipositor nearly 2 mm. Black ; face below antenna? and the mandibles, except teeth, dull ferruginous; antennae, basally, ferruginous; hind coxfe and femora black: basal one-third of anterior wings, a transverse band across from the base of stigma and a spot in marginal cell at tip of stigma, white: otherwise smoky. Middle lobe of niesoscutum with a longitudinal carina posteriorly just in front of the scutellum : two crenate fovese at base of TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. APKIL. 1893. 44 WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD. scutellum ; mesopleura smooth ; metauotiim aud abdomen, except apes of second aud third segments, longitudinally striated ; ovipositor a little shorter than abdomen. Hah. — Manhattan, Kan. Type in coll. Ash mead. Described from a single specimen received, some years ago, from Mr. C. L. Marlatt. Differs from H. aciculatus Cr. in color of body and wings, length of the ovipositor, in having smooth mesopleura, and in the stride of the metanotum and abdomen being finer. 2. Koriiiiopforus aciculatus Cresson. Hormiusf aciculatus Cr., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. vol. iv (1872), p. 190. 9. — Length 5 mm. ; ovip. 1.5 mm. "Fuscous, more or less tinged with dull ferruginous; head ferruginous, with white pubescence, not full behind the eyes, vertex [anteriorly] depressed ; antennae [longer than body], pale at base, dusty at tips; thorax fusco-ferruginous; pleura, metathorax and abdomen covered with dense longitudinal strise; mesothoracic lobes smooth, the sutures rugose; tegulie honey-yellow ; wings narrow, subhyaline, apical half varied with pale fuliginous ; a streak at tip of stigma, an oblique streak in first cubital cell, a spot at base of second cubital cell aud a short trausverse line at its apex, hyaline; stigma black, whitish at base and apex; legs ferruginous, with sparse erect hairs; abdomen blackish fuscous, tinged with reddish at base [and usually at tip], clothed with short erect whitish hairs ; sutures deeply incised, the second segment with a deep transverse line a little behind the middle; ovipositor about half the length of abdomen." Hub. — Texas (Belfrage) ; Jacksonville, Fla. (Ashmead). Type in National Museum, obtained with the Belfrage collection. Several specimens of this species, agreeing in every particular with the type, I obtained in Florida, under oak bark in March. NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA. 45 0% A !i»PEClE»< OF $i»I9IULrIUIVI FROM THF GRAIVD CAIVOIV OF THE COLORADO. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND. During the past Summer, larvae of a species of Simullmn were met with very abundantly in a small streaiii in one of the branches of the Grand Canon, July 8th to 11th. This branch, or side canon, is the one down which the Hance trail leads, being situated about fifty-five miles in a straight line N. N. W. of Flagstaff, Ariz. Ii is a deep canon, about seven miles in length, and becomes boxed up in the lower part of its course. About two miles down' in this canon a small stream takes its source from a spring at a point about 2500 feet below the rim. After flowing for a few rods the stream sinks, but reappears some distance down the canon, flowing on until it reaches the Colorado River, into which it empties. In this stream many colonies of the Slmuliuvi larvse were found in places where the current ran swiftly over the smooth water-WH)rn surface of the rock. In going up the stream from where it empties into the Col- orado River to where it seeps out, a distance of fully three miles, I counted fifty-two colonies of the larvte. There were six colonies below the lower fall, where the stream drops about forty feet over a shelf of rock (Archaean granite). It should be stated that the point where this stream seeps out is about 3000 feet below the rim of the canon, while the point where it empties into the Colorado River is about 5000 feet below the rim. There is, therefore, a fall of about 2000 feet in its uninterrupted course, or approximately 700 feet to the mile. The greatest fall is in the last mile or so. No larv?e were found in the few rods of its upper course, between the spring and the point where it sinks, the fall not being enough to form a swift current. The depths given are those below the south rim, which is 1000 feet lower than the opposite rim. The Colorado River is, at this point, about 2500 feet above sea-level, and the south rim about 7500 feet. These altitudes are from figures kindly furnished by the United States Geological Survey. The larvse were of all sizes at this date, from very small to ap- parentl}' h\\\y grown. In all cases they were attached to the smooth eroded surfjice of the rock in the swifter current, but were once found attached to leaves of grass growing in the stream. Empty whitened or yellowed pupa skins and cases were discovered in patches in some places. No live puppe were noticed at the time, but on subsequent examination of material collected it was found that quite a percent- TR\NS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. APRIL, 1893. 46 C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND. age of pupa cases contained the fully formed pupae, the flies having not yet issued. Besides these, larvae of all sizes from many different colonies were collected. No adults, whatever, were to be seen. These larvce are much larger than those of S. pecuarmn and S. meridionale, the largest measuring 13 mm. in length, and differ as well in certain points of structure. It is, therefore, thought well to give a description of them. Fully grown larva. — General color of alcoholic specimens blackish, more or less mottled with whitish, the posterior extremity whitish, especially ventrally. Very elon- gate in form, narrowed on ante- rior half, segments of posterior half gradually widening to anal extremity, which is stout, with the ventral surface strongly bulged. Head (see figs. 1 and 2) nearly quadrangular, a little longer than wide, dark brown or blackish in color, corneous, with two approximated, irregular black dots on each side near lat- eral margin (see fig. 1), and several rows and groups of nearly con- colorous markings on dorsal portion, as shown in fig. 1. Anteimce pale, nearly as long as one-half anterior width of head, 3-jointed, first joint very elongate and narrow, not swollen, slightly curved, with a somewhat faint transverse suture on basal two-fifths, cylindrical below suture, beyond suture very slightly and somewhat irregularly narrowing to tip ; second joint narrower than tij) of first, straight and of equal width, except slightly wi- dened at base, a little more than one-third as long as first joint, and with two small, triangular, bud-like processes, one on each side at base, springing from the junc- tion of the two joints and approximated to the second joint ; third joint NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA. 47 extremely small, short, minute, triangular, but a little Ioniser than wide, about same shape as the minute processes at base of second joint (see fig. 1). Fans (see figs. 1 and 2) consisting of about sixty scythe-shaped rays each, the microscopically thinly hairy on outer side, sharply widened dorso-ventrally on about their basal one-fourth, and when spread, presenting the appearance about middle of widened portion of a crescentic serrate line extending over the width of fan near base. Mmidlbles elongate, rather stout, nearly twice as long as wide, furnished with teeth on inner side at apex; four large teeth on apex, nine or ten teeth behind these gradually decreasing in size, except that the second of these is larger than the first ; a large tooth still behind these, with a small one di- I'ectly beside it ; mandibles furnished with dense brushes of hairs apically, more or less hiding the teeth, and basally, also with a regularly set fringe of hairs extending inward from anterior median portion (see fig. 3). Maxilloi furnished on inner portion with a dense tuft of hairs, on outer with a blunt, subconical, horn-like process (see fif. 4). Thoracic proleg 4-jointed, elongate, sub- conical, truncate at end, last joint fur- nished with at least thirty obliquely longitudinal rows of hooks, and prob- ably more; at base of these there is a marginal transverse row of bristles on side toward body (the proleg being flexed forward) extending around lat- erally, but wanting on outer surface. Stigmata (see fig. 5) showing on the dor- sally tuberculiform extremity of body as a wide, transversely corrugated, blackish, more or less irregular circlet, either flattened and slightly indented dorsally, or slightly scalloped ; at base dorsally with an X-shaped crossing, or branching of chitinous rods, the two anterior branches Fig. 3. Fii,^ 4. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. APRIL, 1893. 48 C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND. Fig. 5. extending a short distance forward beneath the integument ; a soft, retractile, primarily 3-branched organ just anterior to these on dor- sum, each branch being subdivided into five smaller branches or ' papillae. Length, 11-13 mm. ; width of head about 1 mm.; of anal portion 1| mm. De- scribed from many specimens. Pupa (see fig. 6). — General color pale brown- ish yellow on the thoracic portion, ab- domen darker ; head, wing and leg cases, and filaments pale yellowish, the head sometimes brownish ; prothoracic filaments arising from a single stalk on each side, which branches at base into usually eight filaments ; these do not subdivide. Third and fourth ab- dominal segments with five or six brown hooks or spines on posterior margin of dorsum. Eyes of adult, showing through the pupal skin in some cases, exhibit a remarkable difference in size of facets of upper and lower portion, those of lower half of eye (seen from side) not more than one-fourth as large as those of upper half; division between large and small facets very marked and abrupt, in a line parallel with the longitudinal axis of the head. Length (excluding filaments) 4.5-5 mm. Cocoon, or case. — Massed in coral-like aggregations. Open at top, but envel- oping all of the pupa, except the filaments or the extreme anterior portion of the hunch-backed thorax. Length 4-5 mm. Fig. 6. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. Fig. 1. — Head segment of larva, dorsal view (eularged). " 2. — Idem, ventral vievF (enlarged). " 3.— Mandible (greatly enlarged). " 4. — Maxilla (greatly enlarged). " 5. — Anal extremity showing breathing organs, dorsal view (enlarged) " 6. — Pupa, lateral view (enlarged). WEST INDIAN HOMOPTERA. 49 J^OTES ON L,E€A»fIUI»I, WITH A LIST OF THE WEST IIVDIAIV SPECIES. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. The Coccid genus Lecanhim Illig. consists at the present time of about eighty nominal species, and is practically cosmopolitan. 8ig- noret, in 1873, divided the genus into six series, some of which might be regarded as distinct genera or subgenera. FIRST SERIES. Consists of flat and often viviparous species, of which L. hesperi- dwn L. may be taken as the type. The others are L. acuminatum Sign., L. angusiatum Sign., L. frenchii Mask., L. lauri Boisd., L. longulum Dough, L. maculatiim Sign., L. viangifene Green, L. mini- mum Newst., L. tessellatum Sign., and L. viride Green. If this group were to receive a subgeneric name, Calymnatus Costa, 1827, is ap- parently available.* (1.) Lecanium hesperidum (L.) Sign.— In January, 1892, Mr. W. Harris sent me, from Cinchona, Jamaica (5000 feet altitude), two little scales found on an orchid of the genus Stelis. They were in poor condition for examination, and the largest only 3 mm. long ; color pale brownish. So far as could be made out, they were the young of hesperidum, but it is singular that, except for this instance, the species has never been found in Jamaica. [Since this was written I have found a single adult 9 of hesperidum, with young, on the midrib of the upper side of a mango leaf, in Kingston.] (2.) Lecanium mangiferae Green. — Fairly common in Kingston, Jamaica, on Maiigifera and Jambosa. First found by Mrs. Swainson. This species, which has also been found at Demerara, is easily rec- ognized by the subtriangular shape and the branched hairs along the margin. Eggs are produced, but the young larv?e at first take shelter beneath the body of the parent. * So far as I cau gatliei- fron) Signoret's work, it seems that Calypticus Costa was first applied in 1829 to C. spumosus Costa, wliich is Pulvinaria vitis. Therefore Calypticus is not properly a synonym of Lecanium, hut might, according to very strict priority, be brought forward to replace Pulvinaria. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (7) APRIL, 1893. 50 T. D. A. COCKERELL. (3.) Lecanium longulum Dougl. — Mr. C. A. Barber sent me this from Antigua, where it infests pigeon-peas. Later, I found it abun- dantly, mixed with L. olece, on the branches of a tree in Kingston. The tree, which was not identified, has 3-foliolate leaves, the leaflets lanceolate, entire, pubescent above, beneath pale, with strong veins. I also have specimens received from Mr. Newstead, found on Eu- phorbia (under glass) in Cheshire, England, Many of the Antigva specimens show holes where parasites have escaped. When the scales become dry, they curl up and change color. Such specimens might be, referred to Signoret's second series, but on the whole, it seems best to place the species in the first series, having regard to all its characters. The following notes are additional to the information given by Douglas in his descripti(m : Scale (Jamaican specimen) about 4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, of the flattish type, but fjiirly convex, dorsum rounded, not keeled, shiny. Color, when alive, appearing dark grayish ; when removed from the plant and seen with a lens, it has a very pale ground color, tinged with pinkish or yellowish, and much gray markings. To be more precise, there is a rather broad dorsal stripe of pinkish, bordered first by a pale yellow line on each side, which is broken up into spots, and outside that by a dark gray line. From the last run numerous blackish lines, radiating towards the margin, but not reaching it. There is, outside the dark gray line, a tendency to similar lines, which, cross- ing the radiating ones, produce a somewhat tessellated effect. The old scales become light brown. The anal plates are brown, rather broad, so that together they form a square. Eyes dark purple. The margins of the scale have simple hairs, rather longer than in some species ; the marginal spines are peculiar, being sunk in squared incisions, from which they do not usually project. There are two spines in each incision (four pairs of spines in all), which are either short and equal, or one is longer than the other, and projects beyond the incision. The posterior cleft is pinkish in fresh specimens ; its sides are contiguous, but separate slightly after boiling in caustic soda. After boiling in soda the scale appears closely and conspicuously pitted with gland-spots. The antennae are described and figured by Douglas (" Ent. Mo. Mag.," 1887, p. 97). It appears to me that there are eight joints, as described by Douglas, although Maskell's L. chirimolice, which is WEST INDIAN HOMOPTEKA. 51 supposed to be the same, has only seven joints. It seen)s possible that L. chirimolice, although abandoned by its author (Tr. N. Z. Inst. 1890, p. 16) is a valid species after all. The legs are not de- scribed by Douglas. The femur is about one-third longer than tibia; tibia not twice as long as tarsus. Tarsal knobbed hairs long and stout; claw short and thick. Fenioro-tibial and tibio-tarsal joints dark. Hairs arise from the distal ends of the coxa and tro- chanter, the trochanteric one beiu" the lontjer. The eggs are oval, as in other species. (4.) Lecanium tessellatum Sign.— A very remarkable species, found hitherto in hot-houses in Europe, on a palm (Carysta). Some time ago Mrs. Swainson brought me some lignum-vitse leaveS, gath- ered in Kingston, Jamaica, which I then put by. Turning them over later, I was surprised to find a curious flat Lecanium, which agrees well with Signoret's tes-^eUatum. This example, 5 mm. lon^ and 4 mm. broad, was spoiled by a parasite, which had escaped through a small hole. On Dec. 29, 1892, I was so fortunate as to find another scale, also on a lignum-vitse leaf, at Mr. Gardner's residence in Kingston. This latter specimen was not parasitized, and on removing it from the leaf, it was interesting to see a crowd of young larvae, which, on being exposed to the light, scattered in all directions. The following descriptive notes are intended to supplement those given by Signoret : Female scale flat, very slightly convex, broad-oval or shield shaped, shiny, dark chestnut-brown, strongly rugose under a lens. The tes- sellations are as given by Signoret; ten sutures could be counted along the margin. The posterior cleft is about two-fifths total length of scale, its sides contiguous. Anal plates together forming nearly a square; margin of scale slightly granulose, but no distinct hairs; no lateral spines; substance of scale sparsely pitted with gland-dots. Legs slender, tarsus very little over one-half length of tibia; tibia not much shorter than femur; two hairs spring from the distal end of coxa, and apparently two from the trochanter. A young indi- vidual on a leaf is flat, oval, whitish, with fine radiating grooves. This example is less than 2 mm. long. Larva pale orange, but nearly colorless by transmitted light; shape long oval, legs extending far beyond body. Last joint of an- tenna with some long hairs. Tibia a Utile longer than tarsus; djo-i- tules of claw curved, slender, ordinary ; clubbed hairs of tarsus TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. APRIL. 1893. OZ T. D. A. COCKERELL. peculiar, both long, but the upper oue filiform, with no distinct knob, the lower stout and longer, with a very distinct knob. The posterior cleft of the larva is widely squared for its hindmost half; and from it spring two cylindrical tubercles ; not extending beyond its mouth, bearing each a long straight hair — the usual cau- dal filaments. Between these tubercles is a pair of hooked organs, the hooks pointing away from the central line. This arrangement in the larva is interesting, and deserves further study. SECOND SERIES. This series consists of convex elongated (or at least not hemi- spherical) species, which have been classed together for convenience, but do not appear to form a natural group. They are L. msimile Newst., L. hegonice Dough, L. berberidis Schr., L. elongatum Sign., L. fitchii Sign., L. genistce Sign., L.juglandis Bouch., L. mori Sign., L. persicce Fab., L. picece Schr., L. pruinosum Coquill., L. sallei Sign., and one or two others. L. persicce is very near to some species re- ferred to the third series ; it is not confined to the peach, for although I have it from Isleworth, England, on peach (Q,. Manville Fenn), what seems to be the same thing is received from Meissen, Saxony (C. F. Schaufuss), where it was found on Viik vinifera and Spircca. (5.) Lecanium begoniSB Dougl. — Mr. C. A. Barber sent me from Antigua some leaves of Tenninalia catappM, on which were manv specimens of a Lecanium. I was at first inclined to consider it a new species, but it is so near to L. begonice (of which I have Demerara specimens, sent by Mr. Newstead) that I now doubt whether it is even a distinct variety. The scales are abundant on the leaves ; along the midrib on the upper side, but below more numerous, and scattered ; twenty-two out of thirty-five on the under side of one leaf show holes where parasites have escaped. The parasite is a Chalcidid, with a large and thick tibial spur; femur and tibia bi'own ; tarsus whitish; stig- mal vein rather long, bifurcate at end ; post-marginal about as long as stigraal. Female scale rather over one-eighth inch long, broad-oval seen from above, moderately convex; ends flatter than sides, so that the outline seen from the side is pyramidal, while seen from one end it is rounded. Scale shiny, somewhat granulose, especially at sides, so dark brown as to appear black when adult, though some are obvi- WEST INDIAN HOMOPTERA. 53 ously brown. In outline, color and texture, these Antigua scales exactly resemble the Demerara begonioe, but my specimens of the latter are smaller, and have a rather more pronounced anal notch. The structure of the scale is noteworthy, consisting of distinct oblong plates, each having in its centre a circular gland-spot. This is only seen by transmitted light. On the Terminalia leaves from Antigua were also j)lenty of L. olece Bern. (6.) LecanJUm aSSimile Newst., var. amarylUdis, n. var. — In numbers on the leaves of Amaryllis, sp., in Antigua, sent by Mr. C. A. Barber. Scale about 3 mm. long, or less ; black, with a pale margin, or red-brown. The pale margin is finely striate-plicate ; the black portion is shiny, examined by transmitted light it appears brown. Derm with scattered gland-dots. Sides of posterior cleft contigu- ous, the cleft short, not nearly twice as long (counting from tip of anal plates to margin) as length of anal plates. Anal plates pale, long wedge-shaped, the two posterior angles of the triangle much greater than the anterior one. Margin with but few hairs, these small, slender, with a slight tendency to be knobbed ; marginal spines single, each in a deep squared incision, beyond the mouth of which it does not project. Tibia about one-fourth longer than tarsus ; femur about one-fourth longer than tibia ; distal end of tibia with two hairs, one short, the other rather long. Antennae with apparently eight joints ; third joint longest, but foui'th almost as long, second next longest; then fifth, sixth and eighth subequal ; then first ; then seventh. It is difficult to make out the joints, as some of them show constrictions, or *' false joints,' ' but I think the statement here given is correct. There is a hair on first joint, one at end of fourth, one at end of fifth, and at end of sixth, and several on the eighth. This is very likely a distinct species, but nearly all of Mr. New- stead's short description of amiin'de will apply to it. L. assimile, has 7-jointed antennee, and the hairs on them seem to be disposed differently. The slight difference in the stated proportions of tibia and tarsus, and in the size of the scales, cannot count for much. Several sj)ecimens of amaryllidia show lioles where i)arasites have escaped. TRANS. AM. KNT. SOC. XX. APRIL, 1893. 54 T. D. A. cockerf:ll. THIRD SERIES. Consists of hemispherical species, with the skin more less tessel- hited, living on trees and shrubs in North America and Europe. About twenty-six species are considered valid, but several of these are very closely allied. I have been able to examine the following: L. cesculi Koll., Ince, Cheshire (Newstead). L. distinguendum Dough, Delaniere Forest, Cheshire (Newstead). One of these has been parasitized. L. pyri Schr., Isleworth, Middlesex (Q. M. Fenn). L. ribis Fitch, Norfolk (Newstead). On Bibes riibrum Meissen, Saxony, July, 1892 (C. F. Schaufuss). I think this species has not yet been recorded from Germany. L. rosarum Snell., on Rosa ceMifolia Meissen, Saxony (Schaufuss) ; also what I take to be the same species on Prunus domestica Meissen (Schaufuss). L. t'dke L., on Tilia grandifolia, Oberblasewitz, 1890 (Schaufuss). This species, cesculi, and ulmi, are very nmch alike. Although it was two years since the Oberblasewitz scales were collected, I found, on crushing a scale for examination, a very small colorless mite, alive and walking about! Could it have been with the scale all this time, or do these mites breed in old scales? L. ulmi L., Ince, Cheshire (Newstead). The group represented by the third series is distinct enough to receive a subgeneric name, and may be called Eulecaniwn, taking L. tili(e as the type. FOURTH AND FIFTH SERIES. So far as I know the species of these two series, they are strictly of one group, the only difference being that in the fifth series the characteristic ridges are seen in the adults, while in the fourth series they are only well seen in young scales. Mr. Ashmead named the group Bermirdia, taking L. olere as the type ; in a letter to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, I changed this name to Neobeniardia, on account of preoccupation in botany, but concerning this, see " Journ. Inst. Jamaica," 1892, p. 142. It appears, however, that the name Sametia was formerly used for L. coffece (see " Zool. Record" for 1865), and if it can now be taken up, it has priority. WEST INDIAN HOMOPTERA. 55 (7.) Lecanium depreSSUm i'arg. — Mr. Barber has sent a scale from Antigua which I think may be referred to this species, though it is possibly distinct. He found it on garden Hibiscus, the double and single red varieties, and remarks that it is enormously fertile. Female scale — long. 4, lat. 2, alt. H mm. Dark chocolate-brown, elongate, convex, very shiny, somewhat obscurely transversely ridged, margin granulose, not crenulate. An old scale is pale brown, very finely reticulate all over with red-brown. The young are brown, dorsally keeled, and strongly transversely ridged. A young specimen examined had unbi-anched hairs around the margin, and very long spines at the lateral incisions. Color after boiling in soda, transparent, with central parts, legs, etc., red-brown. Eyes twice as far from base of antennae as from margin ; caudal filaments nearly straight, slightly curved outwards. (S.). L. oleaB Bern. — Very common in Kingston, Jamaica, on various trees and shrubs ; also sent from Antigua by Mr. Barber. It varies in color from black to brown; on March 8, ]8'J2, Dr. Strachan sent me a branch of Ficus carica, gathered in Kingston, covered with L. olece, all of them brown. Perhaps the name testudo Curtis, which cannot well represent a distinct species, may be used for this brown form. (9.) L. hemisphoericum Targ. — Very common and destructive in Kingston, Jamaica, especially on creepers. Mr. A. Fowler brought me a fruit of Anonamnrlcata almost entirely covered by this species, and presenting a most singular appearance. It also occurs at Cin- chona, 5000 feet altitude, on Deiidrophthora cupressoides {W . Fa wcett;; at Port Antonio, on Chrysanthemum (A. J. Hop wood) ; and else- where. In Antigua, Mr. Barber finds it a "terrible pest to varie- gated Eranthemum,'" and sends also a pale variety of it, which he found on Salvia. I noticed that very young scales from Antigua, on Erantkemum, were pale with three conspicuous transverse pinkish bands. Mr. Caracciolo records this scale from Trinidad, where it is found on gnava. (10.) L. filicum Bold.— On various ferns at Manchester Cottage, Kingston, Jamaica. Adult scale brown, like hemisphoericum, but immatui'e specimens longer and white. Margin of scale with clubbed hairs. The edge of the scale orange-brown by transmitted light, appears crowded with black dots ; these seem to extend more or less all over the scale. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. APRIL, 1893. 56 T. D. A. COCKER ELL. Lateral spines distinct, twice as long as the hairs. There is a slight tendency to have ridges, as in olexB, but in the adult this fades away, leaving the sides of the scale obscurely furrowed. With a lens the surface of the scale is seen to be covered with minute pale dots. There are pale dots at intervals along the lines of the ridges. There can be no reasonable doubt that this is filicum, but in many particulars it resembles L. clypeatum Dough, which must be very closely allied. SIXTH SERIES. I have studied none of the species of this series. Mr. Crawford appears to have used the name Cryptes in MS. for L. haccatum (see Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., 1891, p. 21), and perhaps, if necessary, this could be brought forward for use in a subgeneric sense. KiiigstoD, Jamaica, Dec. 31, 1892, NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 57 THE GALiERUCINI OF BOREAL. AMERICA. BY GEORGE H. HORN, M. D. The essay of Dr. LeConte published in the Proc. Acad. 18G5, pp. 204-222, was intended as a Prodromus of a more extended work when the accumulation of material would have made the work more perfect as to the species themselves, and a more nearly complete as to t1ie contents of our fauna. In the same journal, in 1873, Crotch published a few notes on the tribe. Since the work of LeConte a small number of species have been described. In 1875 the eleventh volume of the "Genera" appeared from the able hand of Chapuis, and which formed the basis of the table of genera given in the " Classification of the Coleoptera of North America." The Galerucini treated in the following pages form one of the two divisions or sub-tribes, into which the tribe Galerucini is divided by all recent authors in the following manner : Hind thighs sleuder, adapted for walking GALERUCINI. Hind thighs thickened, adapted for leaping HALTICINI. This distinction is ample for those with some entomological tact, whose experience in a general way will enable them to place doubtful forms in their approximately correct relationship, but it must be admitted that forms will occasionally present themselves in which the aof^regate of an insect's structure must be sfiven weight when characters that are considered more especially distinctive fail. The femoral characters is without doubt the most constant, and least liable to give rise to doubt. There are, however, some Gale- rucini in which the thighs are quite as much thickened as in some Halticini. An instance in which the hind thighs of one of the latter group are scarcely thickened will be treated in a supplement to the present essay. As a rule, the anterior coxs^e are separated in the Halticini and contiguous in the Galerucini, but exceptions occur in both sub-tribes, although the characters may be said to have value next to that drawn from the femora. The hind tibise in the Halticini are nearly always provided with a TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (8) APEIL, 1S93. 58 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. terminal spur often largely developed or modified. The exceptions to this rule are very few. In the Galerueini the hind tibise are very often without spurs, but the absence of these spurs is less character- istic of tl^ Galerueini than is their presence of the Halticini. It can very readily be understood why a spur is important on a hind tibia of a saltatorial insect, giving, as it does, a point of resistance in the act of leaping. In the Halticini the general rule is that the third joint of the an- tenna is equal to or longer than the fourth, while in the Galerueini the third joint is usually smaller. There are, however, exceptions in both sub-tribes. The characters have been given in the order of their importance and constancy, so that by having regard for them all it seems pos- sible to solve all doubtful points. It hardly seems necessary to enter into any detailed discussion of the various characters used in classification. With one there will doubtless be difficulty, which there seems no way of surmounting-. The first joint of the hind tarsus plays, justly, an important role, but it has been found impossible to draw any absolute line of de- marcation. In cases of doubt in using the table regard must be had to the aggregate of the characters of the insect after the manner indicated for the separation of the higher sub-divisions. Chapuis, in dealing with the large number of genera, has found it necessary to divide them into twenty-seven groups. Of these eleven are represented in our fauna, as follows: Coelomerites, Atysites, Djrabroticites, Phyllobroticites, Scelidites, Luperites, Metacyclites, Agelasticites, Galerucites, Cerotomites and Sermylites, to which two others have been added to accommodate some troublesome genera in our fauna — Androlyperites and Phyllecthrites. In the compara- tively few genera in our fauna an ordinary analytical table would suffice for their separation, but for the purpose of bringing our genera in relation with the best work hitherto done on these insects the groups adopted by Chapuis have been indicated in the table. Fortunately, it has been found necessary to indicate but two new genera, while four genera hitherto unknown in our fauna have been introduced, — Triarius, Malacosoma, Malacorli'tnus and Luperodes, the last named containing nearly all those formerly called Lvpenis. Galerucella is the equivalent of Galeruca Chap., which has erro- neously been placed among the genera with closed front coxal cavi- ties. Scelolyperus is the equivalent of Scelida Chap. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 59 Of the genera in the following table the following are thus far peculiar to our fauna : Halticidea, Trachyscelida, Androlyj^enis, Phyllecthrus and Andredor. Chapuis arranges the tribes as they occur in our fauna in the fol- lowing order : Phyllobroticites, [Phyllecthrites], Diabroticites, Agel- asticites, [Androlyperites], Scelidites, Luperites, Atysites, Coelonie- rites, Metacyclites, Galerucites, Serraylites and Cerotomites. It seems, however, that the arrangement produced by the analytical table gives quite as satisfactory results in the cabinet. The following arrangement is the one proposed for our genera : Anterior coxal cavities open behind 2. Anterior coxal cavities closed behind 8. 2. — Claws of tarsi bifid (simple in 9 Monoxia) 3. Claws of tarsi appendiculate 4. 3. — Tibise without terminal spurs. Epipleurte short, scarcely passing the middle of the elytra (Ccelomerites). Outer edge of tibise deeply sulcate Moiiocef^ta. Outer edge of tibise feebly cariuate HalticMlea. Epipleurae long, reaching nearly the apices of the elytra (Atysites). Tarsal claws similar in the sexes, deeply bifid ; antennae longer than half the body. Third joint of antennse shorter than the fourth Trirliabda. Third joint longer than fourth Gitlerucella. Tarsal claws unlike in the sexes, narrowly bifid in males, simple iu females ; third joint of antennse longer than the fourth ; antennge not reaching the middle of body IVIoilOxia. Tibise with terminal spurs (Diabroticites). All the tibise with terminal spurs; outer edge rounded Triariiis. Anterior tibise without spurs ; outer edge more or less carinate. Diabrotica. 4. — Epipleurse not distinct (Phyllobroticites) Phyllobrotica. Epipleurse well defined 5. 5.— First joint of hind tarsi slender, always longer than the next two, and some- times longer than the next three 6. First joiut of hind tarsi rather stout, sometimes as long as the next two, usually shorter 7. 6. — First joint of hind tarsus decidedly longer than the next two, and in most cases equal to the three. All the tibiae without spurs (Scelidites). Form elongate, parallel, anterior coxae contiguous.. ..Scelolyperus. Form broadly oval and convex, anterior coxae narrowly separated. Trachyscelida. Tibise with spurs, at least in part (Luperites). All the tibise with spurs L transverse testaceous band at middle, broader at suture and sides. Antennae pale brown. Head sparsely punctate, with a median impressed line from the occiput to the labrum, transverse impression feeble. Thorax more than twice as wide as long at middle, apex emarginate, base truncate, sides regularly arcuate, the margin slightly refiexed posteriorly, anterior angles slightly prominent, hind angles obtuse, disc transversely depressed, surface sparsely finely punctate ; elytra twice as long as wide at base, dilated behind the middle, surface punctate, but less distinctly at apex and base. Body beneath and legs dull testaceous, the ab- domen often darker. Length .40 — .60 inch.; 10—16 mm. 3Iale. — Last ventral segment broadly and deeply transversely emarginate, a slight fovea at the apex of the notch. Female. — Last ventral broadly, but not deeply emarginate. I'his species varies greatly in size, and I think I have seen speci- mens larger than the measurements given above. The normal col- oration is that described above, but specimens occur with less blue, and some almost entirely yellow. Occurs in Virginia, Illinois and Kansas. HAL,TI€IDEA n.g. Head oval, not deeply inserted, the eyes oval, prominent and free, frontal tubercles distinct, not prominent ; a transverse groove between the eyes ; labrum transverse, faintly emarginate ; maxillary palpi short and stout, the terminal joint conical, longer than the preceding joint. Antennae slender, nearly half the length of the body ; first joint slightly clavate, twice as long as the second, this a third shorter than the third joint, fourth joint scarcely. longer than third, joints five to ten slightly shorter, eleventh longer and acute at tip. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, sides arcuate, hind angles not dis- tinct, disc convex, with a median transverse impression, sometimes indistinct or obliterated at middle ; elytra oval, slightly oblong, the epipleurjB distinct in front, but becoming internal behind the middle ; anterior coxal cavities narrowly closed behind, the prosternum not visible between the coxae. Legs moderate in length, the tibiae scarcely broader at tip, the outer edge finely grooved, no terminal spurs ; tarsi rather stout, the first joint about equal to the nex two ; claws strong, deeply bifid, the portions widely divergent. Bojody glabrous. This genus is proposed for several small species which might readily be mistaken for Haltlca by their facies. Among the groups suggested by Chapuis it seems best placed in the Galerucites by its entire anterior coxal cavities, unarmed tibise and bifid claws, although it differs from them in its glabrous surface. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. APRIL, 1893. 62 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. The only other representative of the group in our fauna is Gal. externa, beside which the species of the present genus seem rather out of place, but as classification should be based on structural chai'- acters and not facies, there seems no other course to pursue than to place the species in the Galerucites. SufTrian has described, from Cuba, a Haltiea dichroa (Archiv. fiir Naturgesch. 1868, p. 203) in such a manner as to lead one to sup- pose that it might possibly be a member of the present genus. The species are closely allied, and not easy to separate sharply, by description, although easily separable in cabinet. The following characters will, with the description, assist in their identification : Head and thorax smooth, punctuation scarcely evident. Base of thorax regularly arcuate, hind angles not distinct; punctuaticn of elytra rather fine and moderately closely placed plitcida. Base of thorax truncate at middle, oblique each side, hind angles distinct ; punctuation of elytra coarse iiiodesta. Head and thorax very distinctly punctate, the former alutaceous. Base of thorax arcuate, hind angles slightly evident; punctuation of elytra fine and not vrell impressed (lelata'. H. placida n. sp. — Oval, slightly oblong, subdepressed, yellowish testace- ous, meta-pectus piceous, elytra metallic-blue; antenufe pale brownish testace- ous. Head shining with minute scattered punctures. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, sides strongly arcuate, disc with a deep, median, transverse depression, which may be reduced to a fovea each side, surface shining, minutely sparsely punctate ; elytra finely and moderately closely punctate, much smoother at apex. Body beneath sparsely pubescent. Legs pale yellowish. Length .12 inch. ; 3 mm. IfaZe.— Last ventral with a broad, almost semicircular emargination. Female. — Last ventral entire. Three specimens — Arizona, doubtless from the southern part. H. modesta n. sp. — Oval, slightly oblong, yellowish testaceous, elytra bluish green ; antennfe yellow. Head smooth, sparsely minutely punctate, a slight median impression of the front. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, sides strongly arcuate, disc with a sharp, median, transverse depression, surface smooth, with a few puncture^ near the sides, hind angles small but distinct ; elytra relatively coarsely, not closely punctate; punc- tures a little less distinct at apex. Body beneath and legs yellowish testaceous, sparsely pubescent. Length .10 inch. ; 2.5 mm. Male. — Last ventral truncate, with a small emargination at middle, disc of segment slightly flattened. The only specimen examined is entirely yellow beneath, while the other two species have the nieta-pectus piceous. With such limited material it is not possible to assert the constancy of the character. Collected in Biscayne, Fla., by Mr. E. A. Schwarz. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 63 H. (lelata n. sp. — Oval, slightly oblong, subdepresserl, head and thorax yellow, sometimes piceous, elytra piceous, with a faint surface lustre. Antenna' piceous. the basal joints paler beneath. Head alutaceous, punctate. Thorax as in modesta, but without distinct hind angles, the transverse depression not deep ; surface alutaceous, sparsely punctate; elytra not closely punctate; punctures feebly impressed, apex much smoother. Body beneath and legs yellow, meta- pectus piceous, distinctly bronzed. Length .11 inch. ; 2.75 mm. Male. — Last ventral truncate, with a small emargiuation at middle. Female. — Last ventral entire. In this species the head and thorax, while usually yellow, tends to become brownish or piceous. The meta-pectus is also similarly va- riable in color. The surface lustre of the elytra may be violaceous or bronzed, but in none of the dozen specimens before me is there any trace of blue. Collected abundantly at San Antonio, Texas, by H. F. Wickham. Occurs also in Arizona. TRIRHABDA Leo. ' Head broad, moderately deeply inserted, eyes oval, convex and entire. Antennae slender, three joints the length of the body, first joint claviform, second small, but oblong, third not quite twice as long as the second, fourth longer than the third, joints 4-10 gradu- ally decreasing in length, eleventh longer ; labrum transverse, emar- ginate ; maxillary palpi not very stout, last joint conical, acute, narrower than the preceding joint and about as long. Thorax much broader than long, widest at middle, the angles distinct, and more or less prominent; scutellum short, obtuse; elytra elongate, parallel, or slightly broader behind, distinctly margined at sides, the epipleurse narrow, but extending somewhat posterior to the middle ; prosternum not prolonged between the coxse, these prominent and contiguous ; middle coxjb slightly separated in front, contiguous posteriorly ; metasternal side-pieces moderately broad, narrower posteriorly. Legs moderate, the tibiae faintly grooved on the outer side, without spurs at tip ; tarsi not long, the first joint as long, or a little longer than the next two ; claws bifid, but somewhat dissimilarly in the sexes. It seems not to have been observed by those who have had occa- sion to study the genus, that the claws are somewhat dissimilar in the two sexes. In the male the claws are narrowly bifid at tip, while in the female they are more broadly bifid posterior to the tip, seeming almost to be toothed. The first attempt at a study of our species was made by Dr. Le- Conte (Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 219), who separated the species with TEANS, AM. ENT. SOC. XX. APRIL, 1893. 64 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. characteristic acumen. Later (Proc. Acad. 1873, p. 56) Mr. Crotch, in a few words, suppresses many of the species as mere varieties without giving any definite reasons for such action. The results of the present study confirm the views of Dr. LeConte, basing the sepa- ration of the species on structural characters not observed by either of the preceding authors. Before giving the table of the species it is well to observe that, contrary to the idea expressed by Crotch, the species are far less va- riable in their markings than might have been expected. The ely- tral sculpture is also remarkably constant, and forms two fairly-well defined types, the first illustrated by tomentom and luteocincta, in which the punctuation is so fine and dense as to appear alniost as an opacity ; the second form by virgata and flavolimhata has the elytra distinctly punctate and slightly asperate, the punctures closely placed, but evidently distinct. In the following table the species are divided into two series, the first without any trace of metallic surface lustre on any portion of the body, while in the second there is more or less such lustre. There is no trouble in applying this character, except in some forms of luteocincta, in which the elytra are nearly black, but an examination of the plaga of the occiput, or the thoracic spots, shows the surface lustre very plainly. The occipital spot is of far greater constancy and importance than would have been expected of so trivial a character. In about one- half the species the occiput has merely a small spot in front of the edge of the thorax, while in the other species a large transverse space is piceous, extending at times nearly to the eyes. It is true that in nearly all the species, when the head is unduly extended, a piceous band is visible across the occiput, but the difl^erence between the two sets of species can be easily appreciated by an examination of such well-known forms as canadensis and flavolimhata. The following table has been prepared as an aid to the separation of the species more fully described in the subsequent pages ; a cabinet arrangement is suggested by the number preceding each species. Surface of body without any trace of metallic lustre in the markings, these being piceous or brownish 2. Surface with metallic lustre in the markings, if not on the elytra at least on the head and thorax 6. 2. — Thorax more than twice as wide as long; epipleurse more or less piceous. 2. brevicollis. Thorax not twice as wide as long; epi pi eurse. always pale 3. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. ' 65 3. — Elytra very densely and finely punctured, tlie punctures so dense as to be indistinct as such 4. Elytra closely punctate, but the punctures are distinctly separated 5. 4. — The yellow vittse of elytral disc attenuate to apex 1. tonieiitosa. The yellow vittae broad, parallel and entire 4. caiistdeiisis. The yellow vittse divided at middle by a fine black line; thorax coarsely punctate and subopaque; body beneath almost entirely piceous. 5. gem ill at a. 5. — Elytra normally vittate, as in canadensis 3. virgata. Elytra almost entirely pale, the darker vittse indistinct or obliterated. 6. cadiica. 6. — Thorax smooth, impunctate; head with small occipital spot; elyti'a subtrun- cate, sutural angle acute, or even slightly prolonged....?, nitidicollis. Thorax more or less punctate and impressed 7. 7. — Occiput with a small piceous spot; elytra very finely punctate. .9. didiicta. Occiput with transverse piceous space 8. 8. — Punctuation of elytra comparatively rough. Elytra normally vittate 10. coiivergeiis. Elytra entirely blue, except border 13. flavoliiiibata. Punctuation of elytra fine and dense. Elytra yellow, with slender blue vittfe, resembling nitidicoUis. 8. L.ewisii. Elytra blue, with a short discal vitta attenuate to apex, as in tomentosa. 11. atteiiiiata. Elytra green, blue, or purple-black 12. luteocJiicta. By a rare exception, specimens of luteocincta have a dull, yellow, indistinct vitta. T. tomentosa Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. xii, p. 601 ; Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865. p. 220; bacharklis Weber, Abs. Ent. p. 57; Fab., Syst. El. i, p. 480; Oliv., Ent. vi p. 629, pi. 3, fig. 34; lampyroides Gmel., Ed. Linn, i, 4, p. 1731.— Form oblong, slightly broader behind ; anteunje entirely piceous when fully mature, the fifth joint distinctly longer than the third. Head testaceous, with a small occipital spot piceous, surface coarsely obsoletely punctate. Thorax not quite twice as wide as long, the angles usually prominent, sides obtusely angulate, but variable, disc with a vague depression each side of middle variable in extent, surface sparsely indistinctly punctate, color yellowish with the usual three piceous spots ; scutellum piceous, sometimes margined with testaceous ; elytra piceous, opaque, the entire margin from humerus to apex testaceous, the disc with a testaceous vitta broader at base, gradually narrowed to tip, extending three-fourths to apex, surface densely finely punctate, and finely, inconspicuously pubescent ; epipleur£e always pale ; pro- and metasternum always pale, metasteruum at least piceous at the sides. Abdomen pale at middle and piceous at sides, or at times entirely piceous. Legs yellowish testaceous, the outer side of the front tibia, the tips of the middle and hind tibise and the tarsi piceous. Length .34 — .40 inch.; 8.5 10 mm. Male. — Last ventral segment broadly, but not deeply eraarginate ; claws slightly bifid at tip, the two divisions equal in length. Female. — Last ventral obtuse, entire; claws more deeply bifid, the inner divi- sion a little shorter and more divergent. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (9) APRIL, 1893 66 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. The variation observed in this species are of but little moment, and have been recorded in the description. Under this description Crotch was disposed to unite several others, assuming that the differ- ences in color were merely varietal, but as these differences are sup- plemented by others, the sexual often being important, the species recognized by LeConte must be admitted. Occurs on the Atlantic coast from Long Island to Florida, usually very abundant. T. brevicollis Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 221. — Form rather more broadly oval thau usual. Autenuse piceous, the underside of the three basal joints tes- taceous. Head dull yellowish testaceous with a small occipital piceous spot, sur- face nearly smooth, a few indistinct coarse punctures at middle of the vertex. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, slightly narrower in front, sides ob- tusely angulate, disc irregular, with a moderately deep oblique impression each side, the two meeting opposite the scutellum, surface sparsely indistinctly punc- tate, more evidently near the front angles; scutellum pale, piceous at apes; elytra dull yellow, with a common sutural piceous vitta broad at base, gradually narrowing to apex, a broad vitta from the humerus extending nearly to tip and joining the sutural by a narrow isthmus ; surface closely and finely punctate, finely pubescent; epipleurfe, piceous, except at humerus. Body beneath dull yellowish testaceous, the ventral segments with small piceous space at sides; femora yellow, tibite on the outer side and tarsi piceous. Length .31 — .38 inch. ; 8.5—9.5 mm. Male. — Last ventral segment with a broad and moderately deep emargination ; anterior tarsi very slightly dilated. Female. — Last ventral entire. This species resembles canadensis, but is known by the short and broad thorax, the black tibiae and tarsi, and the usually black epi- pleurse. The variations are not great. The occipital spot is often indis- tinct. The piceous spots on the thorax are never conspicuous, and the middle one may be obliterated and the lateral small. The epi- pleurse are usually black, except at base, but one specimen has been observed with the piceous color at apex only. The fifth joint of the antennae is scarcely longer than the third. The tarsal claws are similar in the sexes, being rather widely bifid at apex, the inner portion slightly shorter, and at the same time divergent from the outer. Occurs on the sea-coast from Florida to Texas. T. Tirgata Lee, Proc Acad. 1865, p. 220. — Oblong oval, less elongate than fomentosa, but narrower than brevicoUis. Anteunie piceous externally, gradually paler to base, esjiecially on the underside of the joints, fifth joint nmch longer than the third, the second and third together, but little longer than the fourth. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 67 Head yellow, occiput with a median piceous spot, surface irregularly coarsely punctate. Thorax a little less than twice as wide as long, slightly narrower in front, the angles slightly upturned, disc with a deep oblique impression each side, transversely united across the middle, surface sparsely irregularly punctate, color yellowish with the three piceous spots well developed ; scutellum piceous ; elytra slightly broader behind the middle, surface relatively coarsely punctate, inconspicously pubescent, color dull black, the entire margin from humerus to apex yellow, disc on each side with a moderately wide yellow vitta, which grad- ually narrows near the tip, and in some instances joining the apical yellow mar- gin; epipleurse pale. Body beneath and abdomen nearly always piceous, ex- cepting the pro- and mesosternum, and the middle of the metasternum. Legs testaceous, the tibiae on the outer side and the tarsi brownish. Length .26— .36 inch.; 6.5—9 mm. Male.— l>a.st ventral segment with a broad, but very shallow emargination ; tarsal claws widely bifid at tip, the inner division shorter and divergent from the outer. Female.— Lsist ventral broadly semicircular, the margin entire; claws as in the male. This species is one of those supposed by Crotch to be merely a variety of tomentosa, but it seems abundantly distinct. The elvtral punctuation is much coarser and less dense. The tarsal claws of tlie male are deeply and divergently bifid. In the two characters men- tioned the species approaches brevicollis, but differs from that species in the less transverse thorax and pale epipleurce. Occurs on the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to Florida, from which point to Texas it is replaced by brevicollis. T. eanaclensis Kby., Fauna Bor. Am. iv, p. 219; Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 219. — Oblong, similar in form to tomentosa. Antennae piceous, the basal joints partly testaceous. Head yellow, with an oblong occipital piceous spot, surface sparsely punctate. Thorax not twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front sides arcuate, or very obtusely angulate, angles scarcely prominent, disc with a vague oblique impression each side from the front angles to the middle of base, surface sparsely coarsely punctate, color yellow, with the three piceous spots usually small : scutellum piceous, sometimes partly pale ; elytra more yelloAv than black, a narrow black sutural vitta extending nearly to apex a black vitta from humerus, which becomes broader behind the middle, then narrower at apex, incurving to join the sutural, disc densely finely punctured, not closely pubescent; epipleuraj pale; underside of body yellowish testaceous, except a slight darkening at the sides of metasternum and abdomen. Legs pale vellow tarsi slightly darker. Length .28— .38 inch. ; 7— 9.5 mm. Male— Last ventral segment broadly, but not very deeply emarginate; claws narrowly bifid at apex, the inner division shorter. Female.— Last ventral broadly semicircular; claws more deeply bifid, slightly more divergent. The coloration of this species is remarkably constant even in the most remote localities of its occurrence. The black vittje vary a TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. APRIL 1893 68 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. little in width, and in some specimens the lateral vitta does not join the sutural at apex. An examination of the elytral sculpture shows that it approaches very closely the dense and fine form seen in tomeidosa, differing from the coarser form of virgata and brevicollis. The markings, however, more nearly resemble those of the last two species, but in both there is more black than yellow, while the reverse is the case in canadensis. The sexual characters are more nearly those of tomentosa, as in the last two-named species the claws do not greatly diflfer in the. sexes. This species is probably the most widely distributed of any in our fauna. Specimens are known to me from Hudson's Bay region, Canada, New Jersey coast, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Utah and California. T. geiiiiiiata n. sp. — Oblong, slightly broader behind. Antennse entirely piceous when fully mature, the fifth joint a little longer than the third. Head, excepting the front piceous ; occiput coarsely and closely punctate. Thorax much less than twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, angles not prominent, sides arcuate, disc with very vague, oblique depression each side, surface subopaque, scabrous and coarsely punctate, color dull yellow, with the three discal spots of variable size; scutellum piceous; elytra in great part dull black, margin from humerus to apex yellow, disc on each side with a dull yellow vitta extending three-fourths to apex, itself longitudinally divided by a narrow black line, surface densely finely punctured and extremely finely pubescent; epipleurae pale. Body beneath, except prosternum, piceous. Legs in great part piceous, except the underside of the femora. Length .20 — .28 inch. ; 5 — 7 mm. Hale. — Last ventral broadly, but feebly emarginate; claws cleft at tip, the inner portion slightly divergent and shorter. Female. — Last ventral entire ; claws more deeply cleft, the inner portion more divergent and shorter than in the male. In order to properly appreciate this species it is necessary first to see a fully colored specimen. Even then it would probably be asso- ciated with maritima or morosa, from its form and appearance. Among the species without any metallic lustre this one is known by the greater part of the head being piceous and coarsely punctate, the thorax feebly impressed and rugose, the elytra opaque, with the feebly marked yellow vitta divided by a black line, and by the underside of the body almost entirely piceous. Two specimens before me are fully mature and marked as above described, one is entirely testaceous and probably immature. A fourth specimen has the entire dark fuscous, and apparently only the border yellow, but a careful inspection shows the geminate yellow vitta a little paler than the rest of the surface. Occurs at San Diego, Cal., and Arizona. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 69 T. cadiica n. sp. — Form oblong, slightly broader behind, color dirty yellow, each elytron with a narrow piceous sutural vitta and another very narrow from the humerus to apex, both more or less evanescent. Anteunse brownish, fifth joint scarcely longer than the second. Head yellow, with a piceous occipital spot, surface coarsely and roughly punctured. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides arcuate, angles not prominent, disc vague, obliquely impressed each side; surface sparsely, but rather coarsely punctate, color yellow, with the usual three black spots; scutellum piceous, or bordered with yellow; elytra closely, but not densely punctate, the pubescence extremely short and incon- spicuous, color dull yellow, with a narrow sutural darker border and a vitta from the humerus. Body beneath and legs yellowish testaceous. Length .22 — .26 inch. ; 5.5 — 6.5 mm. Male. — Last ventral broadly and moderately deeply emarginate ; claws nar- rowly bifid close to the tip, the inner portion slightly shorter. Female. — Last ventral nearly semicircular, with a slight triangular notch at middle; claws more deeply bifid than in the male, the inner portion shorter. At first glance this species would be supposed to be a Galerucella from its color and feeble markings. It could only be suspected of being a feebly colored canadeusk, but it is more coarsely sculptured than that, and with the pubescence very indistinct. In the most perfectly developed specimens the markings resemble L. bivittatus, but the vitta3 may be almost entirely obliterated. Owen's Valley, California, six specimens. T. iiititlicollis Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 219.— Oblong, nearly parallel, clear yellowish testaceous, each elytron with a sutural and narrow lateral bluish stripe. Anteunse piceous externally, the basal joints, except the first, paler ; fifth joint much longer than the third. Head yellow, a small piceous occipital spot, occiput coarsely punctate. Thorax less than twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed iu front, hind angles rounded, sides obtusely angulate, disc scarcely at all impressed, surface polished, color yellow testaceous, with the three spots small; scutellum pale; elytra densely feebly punctate, sparsely finely pubescent, apices subtruncate or sinuate, the sutural angle acute or even slightly prolonged, a narrow sutural stripe extending nearly to apex, a narrow vitta from the hu- merus joining the sutural near the apex ; epipleurae pale. Body beneath entirely pale, except the sides of the abdomen at base. Legs and tarsi pale. Length ,26— .40 inch. ; 6.5—10 ram. Male. — Last ventral broadly, but not deeply emarginate; claws finely bifid at apex. Female. — Last ventral broadly semicircular, entire at tip; claws more deeply bifid, the inner portion evidently shorter. This species is known by its smooth and even thorax, and by the form of the apices of the elytra. The markings seem very constant, and vary but little in width. Occurs in Colorado, Utah and New Mexico, TEANS, AM. ENT. SOC. XX. APRIL. 1893. 70 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. T. L<«wisii Crotch, Proc. Acad. 1873, p. 56. This name was suggested by Crotch for a form supposed to be a variety of nitldicollis, but it seems to be a valid sjDecies. While it has the form and color of that species the occiput has a large trans- verse plaga, the thorax is sparsely punctate and obliquely impressed each side, the elytra are not subtruncate, and the sutural angle is obtuse. On the whole, it is a little smaller than niticUcollis, but otherwise agrees in color and sculpture. Occurs in Colorado. T. didncta n. sp. — Oblong nearly, parallel, yellowish, elytra with bluish green vittie. Antennse brownish, pale at basal half, fifth joint not longer than the third. Head yellow, a small occipital spot, in and around which are a few coarse punctures. Thorax a little more than twice as wide as long, sides strongly arcuate, disc with a deep transverse depression at middle, surface indistinctly sparsely punctate and with the usual piceous spots small; scutellum piceous, bordered with yellow, or entirely pale; elytra in great part yellow, with a nar- row bluish green sutural vitta, a broader vitta from the humerus, which often joins the sutural near the apex, between these a narrow bluish line not reaching the base, surface densely finely punctured, but less so at base, very finely and indistinctly pubescent; epipleurse, body beneath and legs, entirely pale. Length .24 — .28 inch. ; 6 — 7 mm. Male. — Last ventral broadly, but not deeply emargiuate; claws very narrowly bifid at tip, the inner portion a little shorter. Female. — Last ventral broadly semicircular, with a very small semicircular notch at middle: claws more deeply bifid, the parts more divergent, the inner shorter. This species resembles mtidicollis more than any other, but differs in its shorter and broader thorax, with deep transverse depression and punctate surface. In this species the apices of the elytra are rounded and the sutural angle very obtuse. The only variation observed in this species is in the extent of the narrow blue line between the sutural and lateral vittaj. Occurs in western Nevada and adjacent regions of California. T. convergeiis Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 220. — Oblong, nearly parallel, body Ijeneath almost entirely piceous, above pale yellow, the elytra with metal- lic-green vittfB. Antennaj piceous, the basal joints paler, fifth not longer than third. Head yellow, with a broad, transverse occipital piceous space, the surface rather coarsely punctured. Thorax less than twice as wide as long, not narrowed in front, sides arcuate, disc vaguely obliquely impressed each side, surface coarsely sparsely punctate; color yellow, with three piceous spots; scutellum piceous ; elytra rather coarsely and somewhat roughly punctate, pubescence distinct, but not close, color in greatest part metallic-green, the side margin and apex yellow, and a yellow vitta on the middle of each elytron, nearly reaching the apex, usually parallel-sided, sometimes slightly narrower to tip; epipleurse NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 71 pale. Body beueath, except the pro- and mesosteriium, piceous. Legs pale, tarsi slightly darker. Length .20 — .28 inch. ; 5 — 7 mm. Male. — Last ventral broadly and moderately deeply emarginate: claws nar- rowly bifid at tip, the parts nearly equal. Female. — Last ventral broadly semicircular, usually entire, rarely with a feeble trace of a notch at middle; claws more deeply and widely bifid, the inner por- tion distinctly shorter. This species is the smallest in our fauna. The elytral markings seem to vary very little. The sculpture of the elytra is rather coarse, resembling in this respect vmjata and flavolimbata. Occurs in Nova Scotia (Ulke), Kansas, Colorado and Wyoming. T. atteiiuata Say, Jouru. Acad, iii, p. 459; ed. Lee. ii, p. 223; Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 220. — Oblong, slightly broader behind. Antennae piceous, gradu- ally paler to base, fifth joint longer than the third. Head yellow, occiput with large piceous transverse space, surface moderately closely punctate. Thorax fully twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, sides subangulate, disc sparsely, obsoletely punctate, a moderately deep oblique impression each side, color dull yellow, with the usual three piceous spots; scutellum piceous, or partly pale; elytra densely and finely punctured, finely pubescent, color in great part metallic-blue or green, the side margin and apex yellow, a discal yellow vitta extends from base a little beyond the middle, broad at base, gradually at- tenuate at apex, or sometimes bifid; epipleurse pale. Body beneath pale, the sides of metasternum and abdomen piceous with metallic surface lusti'e. Legs yellow. Length .24 — .30 inch.; 6 — 7.5 mm. Male. — Last ventral segment feebly emarginate; claws finely bifid at tip. J^e)ua/e, — Last ventral broadly semicircular, with a very slight notch at middle ; claws bifid behind the apex, the inner portion shorter. This species varies in the extent of the dorsal yellow vitta, which extends sometimes two-thirds to aj)ex, or is a short spot at base, the usual extent being to the middle. The elytral punctuation is dense and fine, as in canadensis or lu- teodncta. This removes it from suspicion of being a variety of either convergens or flavolimbata, both of which have the coarse sculpture of virgata. T. didacta has still finer sculpture and a small occipital spot. Occurs in Kansas, Utah, Nevada and British Columbia. T. liiteociucta Lee, Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 88; Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 220.— Form oblong, usually nearly parallel, color variable: green, blue, purple, or purple-black. Anteunse piceous externally, gradually paler to base, fifth joint longer than the third. Head testaceous, with a large occipital space piceous, with more or less metallic surface lustre, sparsely punctate. Thorax not twice as wide as long, sides strongly arcuate, hind angles slightly reflexed, disc sparsely finely punctate, an oblique or oval depression each side, the three spots well marked; scutellum nearly always piceous, rarely partly pale; elytra oblong, nearly parallel, disc variable in color, margin and apex pale, surface densely TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. APRIL, 1893. 72 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. finely punctate, finely pubescent; epipleurse pale. Body beneath piceous, with greenish surface lustre, except the pro- meso- and middle of metasternum. Legs testaceous, the outer edge of all the tibise and both sides of the middle and front femora piceous. Length .20 — .38 inch.; 5 — 9.5 mm. Male. — Last ventral with a moderately deep, almost semicircular emargina- tion ; claws slightly bifid at tip. Female. — Last ventral with a more or less deep, nearly circular emargimition, nearly closed posteriorly by an acute process from each side; claws bifid, slightly posteriorly to the apex, the divisions more divergent than in the male, the inner shorter. Variation in this species is really greater than has been observed in any other. The color varies from green, which is not nearly so bright as in flavolhnhata, through blue and purple to nearly black. In the latter forms there is always a trace of purple in the black, and the spots of the head and thorax always show more or less me- tallic lustre. In those forms of the latter color others will be ob- served with a dull yellow vitta extending from the base nearly to apex. Without a considerable series the nearly black forms would be suspected of being varieties of tomerdosa with the vitta obliterated, but the broad plaga of the occiput separate them. In any event the females may be the most readily separated from any other species by the sexual characters. The distribution of this species is remarkable. Occurs in Cali- fornia from San Diego northward, also on the New Jersey coast, probably near Long Branch. The latter are all of the darker form, and are certainly very misleading in appearance. T. flaToIimbata Mann., Bull. Mosc. 1843, p. 308; Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 220. — Oblong, somewhat oval. Autennie piceous, paler at base, especially on the underside, fifth joint but little longer than the third. Head yellow, occiput with a broad greenish plaga, which is moderately closely punctate. Tliorax twice as wide as long, slightly narrower in front, sides arcuate, disc with a mod- erately deep transverse impression on each side, surface with a few scattered punctures; color yellow, with the three spots as usual; scutellum piceous, or partly yellow; elytra comparatively roughly punctate, the entire disc blue or green, the side margin and apex yellow ; pro- and raesosternum yellow, sides of metasternum and abdomen piceous, with more or less metallic surface lustre. Legs and tarsi pale. Length .20 — .32 inch. ; 5 — 8 mm. Male. — Last ventral segment broadly and moderately deeply emargiuate; claws finely bifid at tip, the inner division slightly shorter. Female. — Last ventral broadly semicircular, the apex entire ; claws more deeply bifid, the division more divergent, the inner shorter. Among the species with metallic ornamentation two only have comparatively roughly punctate elytra, the present species and con- NORTH AMKRIOAN COLEOPTERA. iS vergens. The latter having well defined and regular vittre, will not be mistaken for this species. Small specimens of attenuata in which the vitta is reduced to the minimum do resemble this one, but the character of the punctuation and the female sexual characters readily separate it. No specimens have been showing any trace of a discal yellow vitta, although Dr. LeConte supposed they might exist. Occurs in Colorado, Utah, Lake Superior region, Nevada, northern California and southern Oregon. Found on Solidago (Cockerell). CiAL.ERUCEL.L.A Crotch. Head not deeply inserted, usually with a distinctly impressed me- dian line, frontal tubercles rather small ; labrum moderately promi- nent, rounded in front; maxillary palpi stout, the terminal joint conical, a little longer than the preceding. Antennae as long, or longer than half the body, filiform ; third joint longer than the fourth, joints 4-10 gradually decreasing in length, the eleventh lon- ger. Thorax usually twice as wide as long, and a little narrower in front, the disc with a median and lateral depressions with piceous spots; scutellum oval at tip; elytra oblong or oval, the lateral mar- gin somewhat explanate in all but two species, surface irregularly punctate, usually coarsely, never really finely, the ornamentation variable; epipleur?e moderately wide, extending three-fourths to apex ; anterior coxal cavities open behind, confluent at middle, the coxae moderately prominent • middle coxse contiguous, separated in three species by a distinct prolongation of the niesosternum reaching the metasternum. Legs not long, femora somewhat thickened, tibite carinate externally and without terminal spurs; tarsi rather stout, the first joint of the posterior not longer than the next two ; claws bifid in both sexes, but more deeply in the females. This genus was proposed by Crotch for those species formerly en- rolled in Galeruca, in which the anterior coxal cavities are open behind. It includes in our fauna all those placed in Galeruca by LeCoute (Synopsis, Proc. Acad. 1865), except externa, which is a Galeruca, and maritima, morosa and erosa, which are removed to Monoxia. Galerucella and Monoxia are very closely allied genera, and some of the paler forms of iiotata, etc., are not easy to place, but the nmch shorter antennj?e of Monoxia will distinguish the two. The male claws of the two genera are much alike, but the secondary sexual characters of the last ventral are better marked in Galerucella. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (10) MAY. 1893. ( 4 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. The sinuatioii of the elytral apex with the acute sutural angle is not in our species of specific value, as in americana there is great variability entirely independent of sex. Two species in those following are also found in Europe, and have doubtless been introduced. The following table will assist in the identification of the species, but the ornamentation is so variable that considerable latitude must be allowed, as in americana specimens without vittae are quite common. Elytra coarsely punctate, more fiuely toward tlie apex; anteunie similar in color above and beneath 2. Elytra comparatively finely and equally punctate; antennae piceous above, pale beneath ; sides of elytra distinctly explanate xaiitlioiiielceiia. 2. — Elytra with vittate markings 3. Elytra not vittate 6. 3. — Elytra scarcely at all explanate; middle coxse distinctly separated by the mesosternum 4. Elytra distinctly explanate ; middle coxae contiguous 5. 4. — Elytra very coarsely punctate, convex ; thorax more or less shining and very indistinctly trimaculate; pubescence of surface (when present) erect. auiericaua. Elytra less coarsely and more closely punctate, not very convex: thorax opaque, trimaculate ; pubescence recumbent sexvittata. 5. — Sutural vitta indistinct or absent, the next inner vitta long, nearly reaching the apex Integra. Sutural vitta always distinct. The next inner vitta joining the sutural at, or behind the middle. iiotulata. The next inner vitta very short, basal iiolata. 6. — Color red, head red 7. Color dirty yellow, brown or piceous, occiput usually piceous 8. 7. — Elytra more coarsely punctured, the punctures with distinct intervals, sur- face shining cavicollis. Elytra more finely and densely punctured, surface rather opaque. rurosaiiguiuea. 8. — Middle coxae distinctly separated by a prolongation of the mesosternum; thorax angulate at middle and subsinuate posteriorly, with obtuse hind angles iiyinplitese. Middle coxae contiguous; hind angles of thorax distinct. Thorax irregularly punctate, with smoother areas along the apex and near the hind angles tiiberciilata. Thorax quite densely punctured and opaque decora. G. aiuericana Fab., Syst. Ed. i, p. 489; Oliv., Ent. vi, p. 636, pi. iii, fig. 43; Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 215; cribrata, conferta Lee, loc. cit.— Form oval convex, of more pinguid facies than any other species, color dull yellow, elytra each with three piceous vittae, more or less indistinct, or even wanting; surface sparsely pubescent. Antennae piceous externally, paler at basal half. Head NORTH AMKRIUAX COLEOPTERA. «0 coarsely aud closely punctured, a vague median impression, color dull yellow, with sometimes a median darker line. Thorax usually more than twice as wide as long, although much narrower in the male, wider at base than apex, sides arcuate, or in some males very obtusely subangulate, disc convex, often even more usually with a vague median and lateral depressions, surface variably punc- tate, sometimes sparsely, more usually coarsely and closely; elytra oval with rounded humeri, the apices obtuse, or subtruncate in most females, the lateral margin not explanate, the marginal sulcus not evident, surface very coarsely, deeply and moderately closely punctate, sparsely pubescent, with three narrow piceous vittse on each side, which are often entirely obliterated. Body beneath more finely and closely punctate, finely pubescent, color usually like the upper surface, but the metasternum and abdomen are sometimes piceous. Legs always pale. Length .14 — .26 inch. ; 3.5—6.5 mm. MaJe — Last ventral with a narrowly triangular incisure extending half the length of the segment: claws finely bifid close to the tip. Female. — Last ventral more broadly triangularly emarginate; claws more deeply bifid and the divisions more divergent, 111 this species the middle coxte are distinctly separated by a pro- longation of the niesosternuni meeting the metasternum. The hu- meri are also more rounded, the metasternum shorter. The wings seem le.ss feebly developed. The variation in this species is carried to such a degree that it is not easy to find two specimens even reasonably alike. In form most of the females are as broadly oval as G. externa, and more convex, while the males are as oblong as any Monoxia. The general color varies but little, although the markings are very variable. Often the thorax shows no traces of the three spots, but they are never very well marked in any specimen. The vittae on the elytra are slender, and when perfectly developed, which is rare, are nearly entire, but all gradations are seen from this to the perfectly plain form. The sculpture of the thorax varies greatly, specimens (always female) occur with the surface sparsely punctate with smooth inter- vals and without inequalities, and from this form they pass gradually to those with coarse and close punctures. The elytral sculpture does not vary so greatly as the thoracic, but extretne forms are quite dif- ferent in appearance. When specimens are fresh or carefully pre- served, the pubescence is always distinct, seeming to be more persistent in the males, the larger pinguid females soon losing the hairs. In those specimens in which the pubescence remains it will be observed to be in great part erect. This species seems to be very widely distributed, specimens having been seen from the entire region east of the Rocky Mountains and the Rio Grande, and from Canada to the Gulf TKAN.S. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. MAY, 1893. 76 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. G. sexvittata Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 215. — Oblong oval, rather depressed as compared with americana, dull yellow or pale brown, opaque; thorax with three distinct spots, each elytron with three slender piceous vittse. Autenuge entirely black. Head densely punctured, a vague median depression with a piceous line. Thorax twice as wide as long, distinctly narrower in front, sides arcuate, hind angles distinct, disc densely punctured and opaque, a vague de- pression each side a median piceous line and a spot each side; scutellum black ; elytra slightly broader behind, liumeri distinct, but obtuse; lateral margin not oxplanate, apices obtuse, sutural angles slightly retracted, disc rather densely punctured aud opaque, on each side three entire piceous vittse. Body beneath similar iu color to the upper surface, the hind margins of the ventral segments darker. Legs concolorous, tibise on the outer side, tarsi and a median femoral spot piceous. Length .20 — .24 inch. : 5 — 6 mm. The sexual characters are as in americana. Dr. LeConte mentions a transverse clepi'ession on each side of the last ventral segment, but this is more or less evident in all the species. In the ample number of specimens examined no notable variation has been observed. This species could only be mistaken for a variety of americana, and on the other hand some of the varieties of the latter might be mistaken for this, but the two may be separated by the much coarser and less close punctures of americana, which also has erect pubes- cence, while in sexvittata the pubescence is always recumbent and always present. Fi'om integra, which resembles the present in mark- ings and somewhat in sculpture, sexvittata may be known by the separated middle coxse. Occurs from Pennsylvania to Loui-siana. G. cavicollis Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 216. — Oval, nrrrower in front, sub- depressed ; color dull red, slightly shining, very sparsely finely pubescent. An- tennte entirely black. Head red, coarsely punctured, without median depression, frontal tubercles smooth. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, narrower in front, sides arcuate, or obtusely subaugulate, hind angles distinct, base on each side obliquely sinuate, disc feebly convex, a broad depression each side and another along the middle, surface coarsely punctured, more densely in the de- pressions; scutellum red ; elytra broader behind the middle, sides arcuate, mar- gin explanate, humeri distinct, but rounded; sutural angle well mai'ked, but obtuse; disc with coarse and deep punctures not crowded, less deep near the apex, interspaces smooth, shining. Body beneath red, the metasternum often piceous, sparsely finely punctate and finely pubescent. Legs variable in color entirely red to almost entirely piceous. Length .18 — .22 inch. ; 4.5—5.5 mm. Male. — Claws finely bifid at apex. Last ventral segment broadly emarginate at apex, with a deep triangular depression limited by a sharply elevated line. Female. — Claws more deeply bifid, the parts more divergent. Last ventral segment with a ve:-y slight emargination, in front of which is a slight fovea. The middle coxse are absolutely contiguous, the mesosternum is not prolonged between them, except as to the color of the legs no variation has been observed in this species. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 77 G. sanguinea, of Europe, has been refei'red to as probably allied to this species, but an examination of that shows that it should be associated with aviericuna, by reason of its convex form and not exphmate elytral margin. Occurs from Canada to the New England and Middle States west- ward to Wisconsin ; North Carolina (Lee.) G. riirosauguiiiea Say, Journ. Acad, v, p. 299; ed. Lee. ii, p. 343.— Oval, uanower in frout, subdepressed, dull red, subopaque, sparsely finely pubescent. Anteuuse entirely black. Head entirely red, coarsely and densely punctured, and with a slight median depression. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, slightly narrower in front, sides arcuate, hind angles distinct and slightly promi- nent, base on each side oblique, disc feebly convex, a broad fovea each side and a median depression, surface coarsely and closely punctured; scutellum red; elytra slightly wider behind the middle, sides feebly arcuate and distinctly ex- planate. humeri distinct, but obtuse; sutural angle well marked, but not acute; surface very closely punctate, rather coarsely at middle, more finely at sides and apex. Body beneath and legs dull red, metasteruum somewhat darker. Length .18— .22 inch. ; 4.5—5.5 mm. Male. — Claws bifid at tip, the parts rather widely divergent. Last ventral as in cavicollis. Female. — Claws similar to the male. Last ventral either simple, or with a very feeble fovea at the middle of the edge. As in cavicollis the middle coxa5 are contiguous. No variations have been observed. This species and cavicollis are closely related, but the denser punc- tuation of the surface, together with the resulting opacity, will readily separate this species. Occurs in Pennsylvania, Maryland, North Carolina, and at times abundant along the sea-coast. G. Integra Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 218.— Oblong, oval, not very convex dull yellow, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with fiue recumbent pubescence, thorax trimaculate. each elytron with a subsutural and three discal slender stripes. Antennae piceous, the four basal joints paler at base. Head closely, not coarsely punctate, a fine median depression and piceous line. Thorax not quite twice as wide as long, slightly narrower in front, sides arcuate, hind angles rounded, disc not very irregular, closely finely punctured, with more sparsely placed coarser punctures, then piceous spots, the median linear, the lateral small and round; scutellum pale; elytra scarcely widened behind the humeri, these distinct, but obtuse; sutural margin feebly prominent, disc closely punctate, the punctures gradually finer to apex, sutural angle obtuse, subsutural vitta not reaching base or apex, second and fourth entire usually united at apex, the third not reaching either base or apex. Body beneath colored as above, metasternum sometimes darker. Legs pale. Length .16 — .20 inch. ; 4— 5 mm. Male. — Last ventral segment with a very narrow triangular incisure extending nearly the length of the segment; claws finely bifid at tip. TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. MAY, 1893. 78 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. Female. — Last ventral more broadly aud less deeply triangularly emarjrinate ; claws stouter and more deeply bifid. In coiiipari.son with the other vittate species this one has the elytra more finely punctate than any, except, possibly, sexvittata. From the latter species, which it most resembles, it differs in having the middle coxse absolutely contiguous. There is also a distinct subsu- tural vitta in the present species not seen in that. From the next two species it differs not only in the different arrangement of the vittre, but also in the finer punctuation. Occurs from Pennsylvania to Florida and Texas. G. iiotiilata Fab., Syst. El. i, p. 489; Oliv., Ent. vi, p. 636, pi. 3, fig. 44; Lee, Free. Acad. 1865, p. 217: bilineata Kby., Fauna Am. Bor. iv, p. 220. — Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex, dull yellow, sparsely clothed with fine, re- cumbent, silky pubescence; thorax trimaculate, each elytron with a subsutural and three discal vittse. Antennse piceous, the basal half paler. Head coarsely and moderately closely punctate, the median line impressed and piceous. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, narrower in front, sides strongly arcuate, base on each side oblique, hind angles distinct, disc depressed each side with three pice- ous spots as in integra. more or less obliterated ; surface coarsely, but not very closely punctate; elytra scarcely wider behind, humeri distinct but obtuse, lateral mai'giu narrowly explanate, sutural angle obtuse, disc closely punctate, punctures coarse, but varying, finer toward apex, the subsutural vitta rarely reaches the base, the second vitta is oblique and joins the sutural at or behind the middle, the third is often nearly entire, the fourth starts at the umbone and often joins the sutural. Body beneath pale, with piceous melasternum. Legs pale. Length .14 — .20 inch. ; 3.5 — 5 mm. The sexual characters do not differ notably from those observed in integra. The markings of the elytra vary by obliteration to a great extent, so that at times it may require considerable tact to determine whether a specimen should be referred to this species or notata. When the markings are entirely obliterated, the resemblance to some Monoxise is very great, but the form of the claws, if a female, will enable the specimen to be placed. Frequently specimens occur in which the vittfe seem to be elevated and subcostiform, these represent the bilineata of Kirby. Occurs in the entire region east of the Rocky Mountains from Canada southward, also in New Mexico. Specimens are before me from California, but it has probably been introduced there. G. notala Fab., Syst. El. i, p 488; Oliv., Ent. vi, p. 637, pi. 3, fig. 45; Lee. Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 218. — Oval, sliglitly oblong, dull yellow, opaque, sparsely clothed with fine recumbent pubescence, thorax trimaculate, each elytron with a sutural and three discal vittse, the inner one short, basal. Autennfe piceous or NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 79 brown, paler at base. Head closely punctate, a moderate median depression, which is more or less piceous. Thorax twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, sides arcuate, base on each side oblique, hind angles distinct, disc slightly depressed each side, surface closely punctate and opaque with three spots, the middle one linear; elytra very little arcuate on the sides, the margin somewhat explanate, humeri distinct, but obtuse; sutural angle obtuse, surface closely and not very coarsely punctate, punctures finer at apex, a subsutural vitta not reaching either base or apex ; a short, slightly arcuate vitta at base, external to which are two vittfe, the outer one entire the inner abbreviated at both ends. Body beneath similar in color to the upper surface, the metasternum usually darker. Legs pale. Length .14 — .20 inch.; 3.5 — 5 mm. ilf«?e. — Last ventral segment deeply, but narrowly triangularly notched ; claws widely bifid at tip. -Female.— La,st ventral more widely triangularly emargiuate; claws widely bifid at tip. As in notulata and integra, the middle coxa are contiguous. The punctuation is finer than in the former and a little coarser than in the latter. The elytral markings approximate those of some varie- ties of notulata, but a little experience will soon enable one to dis- tinguish the two species. Widely distributed with notidata, but no specimens have been seen from the Pacific coast. G. iiymphteie Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. x, 1758, p. 376; Oliv., Ent. vi, p. 643. pi. 3, fig. 31; marginella Kby., Faun. Am. Bor. iv, p. 308; Lee, Proc, Acad. 1865, p. 217; sagittarise Gyll., Kby. loc. cit. p. 219; femoralis Mels., Proc. Acad, iii, p. 161; luctiiosa Mann., Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii, p. 368. — Oval, slightly oblong, narrower in front, subdepressed, piceous-brown ; thorax dull yellow, with three piceous spots; side margin, apex and epipleurse of elytra yellowish, surface finely pubes- cent. Antennae piceous, five or six of the proximal joints pale at basal half. Head piceous, frontal region pale, vertex and occiput densely punctured and opaque. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides rather strongly augulate, frontal angles small, prominent; hind angles nearly obliterated, disc with a large depression each side, which is densely punctured and piceous, a median narrow depression ; surface, except in the foveas, smooth and glabrous ; elytra slightly broader behind, margin distinctly explanate, humeri distinct, but obtuse; sutural angle acute, surface coarsely and moderately closely punctate, much finer at apex. Body beneath piceous, last ventral segment pale. Legs pale. Length .18 — .24 inch. ; 4.5—6 mm Male — Last ventral segment slightly emarginate at apex, with an oval, sharply limited depression as in cavicollis, but smaller ; claws rather deeply bifid ; posterior tibiae slightly arcuate. Female. — Last ventral slightly emarginate, with a feeble depression near the middle of the apical margin ; claws deeply bifid, the inner portion much shorter. The middle coxse are comparatively widely separated by a pro- longation of the mesosternum meeting the metasternum. Comparatively little variation has been observed in the specimens examined. The thoracic spots are, however, very inconstant as to size, but the coloration in other respects varies but little. TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. MAY, 1893. 80 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. From the species with which this one might be confouuded, it differs by the quite smooth thorax, pale elytral margin, the acute sutural angles, and finally, by the completely separated middle coxse. Much European bibliography and synonymy has been omitted, only that pertinent to our fauna being given. Occurs abundantly throughout northern Europe and in the northern regions of our continent in Canada and the Hudson's Bay region. A specimen has been received from Mr. Wickham, collected at Luling, Texas. Received also from Oregon and Owen's Valley, California. G. tuberculata Say, Jouni. Acad, iii, p. 256: edit. Lee. ii, p. 220: puncti- pennis Mann., Bull. Mosc. 1843, p. 308. — Oblong oval, scarcely wider behind, subdepressed, opaqne, finely pubescent, color variable from dull yellow to pice- ous. Antennje entirely black. Head coarsely and closely punctate, occiput black, front and clypeus yellow. Thorax yellow, with three piceous spots, the central one larger and triangular, nearly twice as wide as long, somewhat nar- rowed in front, sides rounded or obtusely subangulate, hind angles distinct, base on each side oblique, surface somewhat shining, coarsely and closely punctured, smoother near the front angles and along the apex ; elytra somewhat wider behind the middle, humeri distinct, but obtuse, sutural angle well defined, sur- face coarsely and deeply punctured, closely around the scutellum, much more finely and sparsely at sides and apex. Body beneath piceous, finely pubescent. Legs either entirely pale or piceous. Length .20 — .24 inch. ; 5 — 6 mm. 3Iale. — Last ventral broadly emarginate at middle, the disc with a deep semi- oval depression with sharply-limited edges; claws finely bifid at tip. Female. — Last ventral with a very small notch at middle of apex ; claws more widely bifid. The middle coxje are absolutely contiguous. Two varieties of this species occur : G. tuberculata Say. — Color dull yellow or reddish brown, the underside usually piceous : legs pale. G. punctipennis Mann. — Piceous, the front and thorax yellowish. Occurs in the Middle States (Lee), Colorado, Idaho, Washington, California, Oregon and Vancouver. G. decora Say, Long's Second Exped. ii, p. 294; ed. Lee. i, p. 195; f salicis Eand., Bost. Journ. ii, 1838, p. 31; var. carho Lee, Proc. Acad. 1861, p. 358. — Form oblong, scarcely wider behind, not very convex, color dull yellow, brown or entirely black, surface with fine, short, silken pubescence. Antennae entirely piceous, or with the proximal ends of the four or five basal joints pale. Head densely punctured, opaque, a finely impressed median line. Thorax twice as wide as long, narrower in front, sides arcuate, hind angles slightly prominent, base oblique each side, disc moderately convex, with a vague median depression and a shallow fovea each side, surface densely punctate and opaque, the three spots usually indistinct; elytra scarcely widened behind, humeri distinct, margin NORTH AMKRIOAN COLEOPTERA. 81 explauate, sutural angle distinct, but not prolonged : surface coarsely, deeply and moderately closely punctate, somewhat finer toward apex. Body beneath finely and not closely punctate, feebly pubescent. Length .18 — .22 inch.; 4.5 — 5.5 mm. Male. — Last ventral segment emarginate at tip, the disc with a deep triangular depression limited by an elevated line; claws finely bifid at tip. Female. — Last ventral either entire, or with a very feeble emargination at middle; claws stouter and more deeply bifid than in the male. Var. decora Say. — " Dusky, elytra dull testaceous, sericeous, with golden- brassy hair." Ill this form the head may be partly piceous. The thoracic spots distinct or not. The underside may be dull yellow or entirely pice- ous. Legs pale. Var. — — -. — Brownish testaceous, varying as in the preceding form. This form seems to be labeled sagittariaB in most American collec- tions, but the thorax in the latter is formed as in nyinphcece, and many authors consider the two identical. G. salicis Rand, is prob- ably the equivalent of this variety. Numerous specimens were found by Dr. LeConte in the Adirondack region infesting the willows. Var. carbo Lee. — Entirely black, above and beneath. Occurs in Canada, Massachusetts, New York, Wisconsin and Col- orado in the paler forms, and in Nebraska, Washington and Oregon in the black form. G. xanthomelsena Schrank, Enuni. Ins. Aust. 1781, p. 78; Fairm., Gen. Col. Eur. iv, pi. 68, fig. 326 ; calmariensis Fab. Harris. Ins. Inj. Veg. ed. ji, p. 124 ; gelatinarix Fab., Syst. El. i, p. 490; Oliv., Ent. vi, p. 631, pi. 3, fig. 36.— Oblong, subdepressed, scarcely wider behind, yellowish testaceous, finely pubescent, a black spot on the occiput, three on the thorax, a vitta from the humeral callus and a short vitta from the middle of base of each elytron. Antennae piceous on the upperside, paler beneath. Head yellow, with a black occipital spot; suiface moderately coarsely not closely punctate. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, sides arcuate, base slightly sinuate each side ; disc with an oblique depression each side, a shallow fovea on the median line behind the apex ; surface moderately, not closely punctate; elytra a little wider behind the humeri, these distinct, but obtuse; margin explanate, sutural angle well defined, not dentiform; surface moderately closely, not coarsely punctate, the punctures equal from base to apex. Body beneath piceous, the sides and apices of the ventral segments pale. Legs pale, each femur with a small piceous spot in front. Length .20 — .28 inch. ; 5 — 7 mm. Male. — Last ventral emarginate, with a broad triangular depression ; claws strong, deeply bifid. Female.^ Last ventral slightly emarginate, with a narrow triangular depression simulating an incisure ; claws as in the male. This species seems to vary but little, and only by the absence of the short stripe. TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (11) MAY, 1893. 82 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. In recent years this insect has attracted much attention in our country from the damage done to the Elm trees, which are sometimes almost entirely defoliated. For an account of these ravages the reader will consult " Insect Life" and the reports of several experi- ment stations. M. L. de Joannis, in Abeille iii, p. 84, adopts the name cratwgi Forst. for this species, but I have not been able to satisfy myself that the description applies to the species under consideration. Forster, moreover, gives Cratoigus oxyacantha as the food-plant of his species. Occurs abundantly all over Europe, and in our country from Massachusetts southward. lVIOi\OXIA Lee. Head oval, moderately convex, not deeply inserted, front feebly or not impressed. Antennae filiform, not longer than half the body, third joint as long as the first, fourth longer than the second, joints 6-10 subequal in length ; labrum moderately prominent, truncate with rounded angles ; maxillary palpi moderately stout, second and third joints obconical, the terminal conical and more slender ; pro- thorax transverse, widest at base, except in sordida; scutellum oval at tip; elytra oblong, scarcely broader behind the humeri, closely and irregularly punctured, the side margin not prominent ; epipleurae narrow, but extending nearly to the tips of the elytra ; prosternuui entirely obliterated between the coxse, the coxal cavities open behind. Legs moderate, the anterior tibiae indistinctly grooved on the outer side, tibise without terminal spurs ; tarsi shorter than the tibise, the first joint as long as the next two ; claws dissimilar in the sexes, finely bifid in the male, absolutely simple in the female. The definitive characters of the genus are — the anterior coxal cavities are open behind, the prosternum obliterated between them ; the tarsal claws not appendiculate, but finely bifid in the male and simple in the female. In the group Atysites, to which it is referred by Cl)apuis, it may be known by the short antennae, of which the third joint is longer than the fourth. To Mr. Crotch we owe the observation that the differences in the claws are sexual and not specific, as Dr. LeConte was disposed to consider them. Chapuis seems not to have known the observation of Crotch, and expresses the view that the strictest account should be taken of the claws, and that the two sections indicated by LeConte, which we now know to be sexes, should l)e made distinct genera. NORTH AMKRICAN COLEOPTERA. 83 While the form of the claws in the comparatively small species was observed, the fact entirely escaped both LeConte and Crotch that some larger forms placed in Galerucella were similarly con- structed. These will now take their places in Monoxia, with the result of making the genus a little less homogeneous in aspect, but leaving Galentcella more so by their absence. LeConte seems to have had an idea that the vertical pygidium had some value, but in examining a large series it will be found that while the pygidium may be more or less vertical in the males of the small species, that member does not differ notably from that of other Galerucini in their females, nor in either sex of the larger species. In accordance with the results obtained from a study of large series of all the species the following table is presented : Larger species .27 — .34 inch. ; fifth joint of antennje very obviously shorter than either the fourth or the sixth puuctieollis. Smaller species .10 — .20 inch.; fifth joint of antennae not shorter. Thorax narrower ^t apex than at base. Elytral punctuation rather fine and dense, a little coarser at base and near the scutellum ; color usually entirely pale yellow, very rarely with spots. con sputa. Elytral punctuation comparatively coarse, scarcely finer at sides and apex than at base ; color dull yellow, with numerous small black spots, often arranged in series (lebilis. Thorax not narrowed at apex. Elytral punctuation fine, pubescence fine; color yellowish, with numerous black spots with a tendency to coalesce along the suture sordicla. M. piiiicticollis Say, Journ. Acad, iii, 1824, p. 458; ed. Lee. ii, p. 222 morosa Lee, Pacif. R. E. Rep. p. 70; maritima Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 218 erosa Lee. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 28. — Form oblong, narrowed in froiit surface finely pubescent, color variable from pale yellow to entirely black, or with the elytra vittate. Autennse variable in color from entirely black to pale, generally with the outer half dark, the base pale, fifth joint always shorter than the fourth or sixth. Head coarsely and closely punctate. Thorax not quite twice as wide at base as long at middle, broader at base than apex, sides feebly arcuate, base broadly emarginate at middle, oblique each side, hind angles dis- tinct; disc usually irregular, with broad, vague depressions each side, so that at times the sides of the thorax appear deplanate, a vague median impressed line, surface very coarsely and irregularly punctate ; elytra closely punctate and finely pubescent, the punctures coarser near the base, fine and closer toward the sides and apex. Body beneath finely sparsely punctate and pubescent. Length .27 — .34 inch.; 7 — 8.5 mm. Male.— Clsiws finely bifid at tip; last ventral segment obtuse, with a short median linear impression near the apex. Female. — Claws absolutely simple; last ventral obtuse, with a small notch at middle, from which proceeds a slight impression or a smooth line. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. MAY, 1893. 84 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. Varieties : — Var. puncticollis, typical form. — " Dull yellowish brown ; thorax coufluently punctured, unequal ; antennae and two tillets on each elytron black." " Body with minute hairs; head, above confluently punctured; clypeus and labrum glabrous; anteniife black; thorax rough, with excavated confluent punc- tures, immaculate, iuequal ; elytra with minute punctures, fillets obsolete, often wanting or hardly visible; thighs with a black spot, tibiae and tarsi black." The above is Say's description reproduced to bring before the student the evidence that the present species is really what Say had before him. The vittate forms seem to be much less common than the others. Tlie elytral vittee, two on each side, are placed — one arising from-the side of the scutellum runs parallel with the suture extending three-fourths to apex, the second begins at the umboue, runs j)arallel with the side margin, curving inward at apex, but not reaching the suture. These vittse may be more or less indistinct, or the lateral one may alone remain. Specimens illustrative of this form have been examined from Col- orado, Texas, Utah and Florida. Var. . — Beneath piceous, head and thorax pale, elytra black with the suture, side margin and apex pale. Specimens have been seen from California and the Atlantic coast. Var. . — Totally black, including legs and antennae. Specimens have occurred with the preceding variety. Var. . — Entirely dull yellow, the outer portion of the antennae and the tarsi brownish. This is the most abundant form, and is known from the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to Florida ; Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Texas and California. The legs vary in color with the body. As a general rule the pale bodies have pale legs, those entirely black have black legs, while the vittate, or the partially black forms, have the tibia? externally, the tarsi and a space on the femora piceous. It is probable that some objection may be urged to my identifica- tion of Say's species from the fact that he states its length as " three- twentieths of an inch," while the species is never that small, and is usually twice that size. It is probable that Say made a slip of the pen in this case, as is well known in several other instances in his works. With the above identification it is readily seen why Say saw a resemblance to baccharidis, as he must doubtless have known Trir- NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 85 habda canadensis, which later authors, even, have assuiued to be a variety of baccharidis = tomentosa. Those who have studied Say's methods of description will understand why he places the description of pancticollis between Galeruca externa and Trirhabda attenuata. In regard to the forms described as erosa, morosa and maritima, no tangible difference seems to exist. The first was separated on account of its roughly punctured thorax, but a moderate series of specimens from various localities shows no difference. The other two were dis- tinguished by the short hair of maritima, and somewhat longer hair in morosa. Here, too, the difference is imaginary, and depends ratlier on the method of collection than the specimens themselves. M. coiispiita Lee, Paeif. E. R. Rep. Ins. p. 70; giittulnta Lee, loc. cit. ; angularis Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 90. — Form oblong, slightly oval, pale yellowish testaceous above and beneath, surface sparsely clothed with fi!ie silken pubes- cence. Autenuse similar in color to the body, rarely slightly brownish, the fifth joint not shorter than the sixth. Head closely punctate. Thorax not quite twice as wide as long, narrower in front, widest between the basal angles, which are usually obtuse, sides feebly arcuate, base truncate at middle, oblique each side, disc uneven, a broad, but vague median depression, on each side a broad shallow fovea, sometimes obliquely placed ; surface coarsely and moderately closely punctate, finely pubescent; elytra often entirely unicolorous, frequently with small black spots arranged in three indistinct series, surface closely punc- tate, a little more coarsely near the base, but becoming rapidly finer and denser toward the sides and apex. Body beneath closely punctate, the pubescence more conspicuous than above. Length .14 — .18 inch. ; 3.5 — 4.5 mm. J(/a?e.— Claws finely bifid at tip ; last ventral broadly emargiuate, with a slight notch at middle prolonged into a short impression, simulating a fissure ; pygidium convex and slightly inflexed at apex. Female. — Claws simple ; last ventral slightly broadly emarginate, with a well defined median impression the entire length of the segment, in the form of a deep, sharply defined gutter. From the very large series before me this species seems the most constant in form and color of any known. It is always pale ; the black spots, when present, small, and arranged in three fairly regular series. The next species often presents pale specimens resembling those of the present, that the mode of punctuation alone must be examined for their separation. The sexual characters are slightly different, but only a large series and experience can make use of this means. Occurs in Montana, Dakota, Kansas, Colorado, Utah, Washington, Arizona and California. M. (lebilis Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 222; ohtusa Lee, loc. cit. — Very similar in form to consputa, but with a generally darker color, differing superficially in TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. MAY, 1893. 86 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. having the elytral punctuation coarse over the entire surface, although a little finer toward the sides and apex. Length a little smaller on the average than the preceding species. Male. — Claws bifid at apex, the inner portion a little shorter; last ventral seg- ment vaguely emargiuate from side to side with a slight median depression; pygidium slightly inflexed at apex. Female. — Claws simple ; last ventral less emarginate, with a slight notch at the middle of the edge, in front of which is a slight triangular depression. Forms occur in this species as pale as any of those of coiisputa, but as a rule the color is darker and the black spots more numerous, forming three fairly marked lines with intermediate smaller spots irregularly placed. In the more decidedly maculate specimens the thorax often has a median dark stripe and a spot each side. Occurs in Wyoming, Dakota, Utah, Oregon, California, Nevada, Arizona. In his description of obtvsa LeConte gives Andover, Mass., as one of the localities. This is much more than doubtful. Iff. !4orfIida Lee, Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 88; loc. cit. 1865, p. 222.— Form ob- long, similar to the preceding species, but a little more slender ; color yellowish testaceous, the elytra with black spots of irregular size with a tendency to coa- lesce along the suture, rarely specimens occur with the surface entirely testace- ous. Antennfe more or less brown. Head closely punctate, a finely impressed median line, surface finely pubescent. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, not wider at base than apex, widest at middle, sides moderately arcuate, base truncate at middle, oblique each side, angles not prominent, disc irregular, a well-marked median sulcus, on each side two depressions, one near each angle ; surface closely punctate, finely pubescent : elytra closely and rather coarsely punctate, finely pubescent, rarely entirely testaceous, usually with numerous black spots of ir- regular size. Body beneath brown or piceous, sparsely punctate or pubescent. Legs pale, sometimes the tibiae and femora are banded at middle. Length .12 — .14 inch. : 3 — 3.5 mm. Male. — Claws finely bifid at tip. Last ventral truncate and broadly emargin- ate, with a slight depression near the margin. Female. — Claws simple. Last ventral as truncate, with a slight emargination at the middle of the edge, from which proceeds a groove extending about one- third the length of the segment. This species may be either entirely pale, or with spots which do not show the same tendency to form series. When the black spots are numerous they sometimes coalesce, forming larger spots placed at the umbone, each side of scutellum ; an interrupted band in front of middle, oblique each side, another transverse, arcuate band one- third from the apex ; often the entire suture is narrowly bordered with black. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 87 This species may be known from either of the preceding by the thorax being not wider at base than at apex. The punctuation is a little finer than in debilis, but coarser than in consjnda. Occurs in New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California and Arizona. The genus Monoxia, as instituted by LeConte, contained merely the smaller species. He divided them primarily into two series from the form of the claws, which Crotch first recognized as merely sexual differences (Proc. Acad. 1873, p. 56). While the arrangement above is not exactly in accord with Crotch's apportionment of the synonymy, the fact remains that three of Le- Conte's species are males and three females. Another character used by LeConte will be found to have but little value, and that is the oblique impression of the elytra. This may occur in either sex, but may be considered rather a male than a female characteristic. No mention has been made of it in the foregoing description. TRIARIUS Jacoby. Head free, eyes oval, entire ; labrum moderate in length, not emar- ginate; maxillary palpi not very stout, the last two joints nearly equal in length, the terminal conical. Antennae slender. Thorax broader than long, slightly narrower at base than apex ; scutellum oval at tip. Elytra oblong, parallel, the epipleurse limited by a dis- tinct marginal line and extending three-fourths to apex ; prosternum very narrowly separating the coxse, the cavities open behind, although very narrow in some specimens ; metapleurae moderate in width, parallel; ventral segments nearly equal in length, the fifth longer; femora moderately stout, tibise slender, but broader at tip ; all the tibiae with a well-developed spur; hind tarsi with the first joint not longer than the next two ; claws bifid. This genus was proposed for an insect (T. mexicanus) previously described by Dr. LeConte as Phyllobrotica livida. As correctly re- marked by Mr. Jacoby, the armed tibiae and the bifid claws forbid its entrance in the genus in which Dr. LeConte placed it. On the other hand I cannot agree with Mr. Jacoby that it has any special affinity with Phyllobrotica, the elytral epipleurae being quite as well marked as in the vast majority of the members of the entire tribe. The relationship seems rather with Dlabrotica, the only character of moment separating it being the separation of the front coxae by the prosternum. Two species are known to tue : TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. MAY, 1893. ob GEO. H. HORN, M. D. Head with a distinct traosverse depression between the eyes; color dull yellow; legs entirely yellow; elytra without ornamentation lividus. Head without transverse depression; color yellow; elytra with piceous lines; legs in part piceous triTittatus. T. lividus Lee. (Phyllobrofica), Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xii, November, 1884, p. 28; mexicanus Jacoby, Biol. Cent.-Amer. vi, pt. 1, p. 571 ; id. Suppl, p 335.— Ob- long parallel, yellowish testaceous, often dull, head and thorax with a slight reddish tinge. Head smooth, a deep transverse frontal impression. Antennae piceous, the three or four basal joints rufescent. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, slightly narrowed at base, sides feebly arcuate, the margin at front angles thickened, disc feebly convex, smooth. Elytra sparsely punctate, surface finely alutaceous. Body beneath with piceous metasternum, otherwise yellow. Legs entirely yellow. Length .16 — .25 inch. ; 4 — 6.5 mm. Male. — Last ventral with a truncate lobe at middle, limited each side by a notch, disc of segment slightly concave; first joint of anterior tarsus distinctly dilated. Female. — Last ventral broadly oval at tip ; tarsi not dilated. The sexual characters of the male are more nearly of the type of PhyUobrotiea than to Diabrotica, to which latter the genus seems most closely related. Occurs in Arizona south of Tucson. T. trivittatiis u. sp.— Form more slender and elongate than lividus, pale yellow, moderately shining, elytra with piceous vittfe. Head smooth, without impressed transverse line. Antennse piceous, with three basal joints yellow. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, narrower at base, sides feebly arcuate, front angles slightly thickened, disc moderately convex, smooth. Elytra oblong, but little wider than the thorax; surface obsoletely finely punctate, color pale yel- low, suture piceous, slightly broader behind, a basal piceous line, a vitta from the umbone nearly to the apex, a short vitta between this and the suture near the base, the side margin from the sutural angle nearly to base piceous ; epipleur» pale. Body beneath entirely yellow. Legs yellow, all the tarsi, the posterior tibiae, and the outer edge of the front and middle tibise, piceous. Length .16 — .24 inch. ; 4 — 6 mm. Male. — Last ventral .segment with a, moderately prolonged truncate middle lobe, limited each side by a notch, the disc of segment flat; first joint of ante- rior tarsus distinctly dilated. Female. — As in lividus. This insect looks not unlike Luperus bivittcUus, with an addition of a short piceous line near the base. The five specimens before me are uniform in coloration. In this species some of the specimens have the anterior coxal cavities so nearly closed that a unique speci- men might give rise to doubt as to its position. Occurs in Arizona, Pinal Mountains (Wickham, 55 j. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 89 DIABROTICA Chev Head not inserted as far as the eyes, front transversely impressed, vertex foveate, a carina between the antenna;. Eyes broadly oval, entire; labrum rather large, truncate, or feebly emarginate. An- tennae slender, at least longer than half the body, sometimes longer than the body, second and third joints often very small ; maxillary palpi moderately stout, the terminal joint conical, shorter and nar- rower than the preceding. Thorax broader than long, sometimes nearly square, the margin distinct, slightly reflexed, disc usually bifoveate ; scutellum acutely oval at tip. Elytra with a very dis- tinct and slightly reflexed side margin, the epipleurge distinct to apex ; anterior coxae contiguous, the prosternum with merely a linear prolongation, the cavities open behind ; metasternal parapleurte long, narrower behind. Legs moderately long and slender ; tibise slender, the middle and posterior pairs with terminal spurs, the outer edge carinate from knee to tip, except in a few species ; first joint of hind tarsus at least as long as the next two, sometimes nearly as long as the next three ; claws bifid. Diahrotioa is, with few exceptions, confined to the Western Hemis- phere, represented by many species of varied facies and ornamenta- tion. It is the most numerously represented of all the Galerucide genera of our fauna. All attempts to arrange the species have been based primarily on the structure of the antennae with the result of completely confusing the species in their true relations to each other. In the majority of the species the second and third joints are small, together .scarcely as long as the fourth, sometimes only half as long ; several species have the third joint nearly or quite as long as' the fourth, while the second remains small. When the third joint is equal, or nearly so, to the fourth, it will be found to be densely punctured and pubescent like the fourth, but when that joint is small it will be found smooth and like the second in structure. That some of the species have the tibise carinate, while in others it is not, seems not to have been observed by authors. The male sexual characters are feeble. All have the last ventral truncate, and in some broadly emarginate. A few have the first joint of the anterior tarsi dilated. Our species seem to divide naturally into three series, and may be determined by the aid of the annexed table : TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (12) JUNE, 1893. 90 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. Elytra Irregularly, not closely punctate, the surface without striae or sulci ; tibiae with a distinct carina extending the entire length of the outer edge. Series A. Elytra vaguely subsulcate, the punctures irregular and separated by smooth lines; tibiae carinate (except in vincta), but less distinctly than in Series A. Series B. Elytra regularly sulcate-striate, the intervals very regularly elevated, the punc- tures arranged quite regularly in a double series in the sulci ; tibise not at all carinate Series C. Series A. The species belongiug to this series may be separated iu the fol- lowing manner : Antennae with third joint fully as long as the fourth and twice as long as second. Elytra with a broad brown band at base, enclosing on each side an oval pale spot, emarginate at the side margin ; four small round spots in an arcuate series at the posterior third coiiuexa. Elytra with three transverse black bands and a small apical spot, the second and third bands divided by the suture triciucta. Antennffi with joints two and three small, together rarely longer than the fourth, usually shorter. Elytra ornate, nearly as iu connexu, but with the four posterior spots forming a crescent; joints nine and ten of antennae conspicuously pale. picticornis. Elytra with three arcuately transverse series of black spots of four in each. Entire underside of body and legs black soror. Abdomen and base of femora pale IS-ptiiictata. Elytra yellowish white, with three entire transverse bands of pale bluish green balteata. Series B. The species of this series may be separated in the following manner : Antennae with joints two and three small, nearly equal, together much shorter than the fourth 2. Antennae with joint third longer than second, and nearly or quite as long as the fourth 3. 2. — Head and legs pale loiigicoi'uis. Head and legs in part piceous. Abdomen and femora pale; elytra pale green, with short piceous vittae at suture and from the umbone virgifera. Abdomen and femora pale; elytra black, with the entire margin and apical space yellow; antennae very long filicoruis. Abdomen and femora entirely black. Elytra entirely black atripenuis. Elytra black, with the side margin and median vitta yellow. leiniiiscata. 3. — Elytra pale, merely a slight fuscous area near the scutellum and humerus; legs pale blandula. Elytra black, with a narrow side margin and a narrow vitta nearer the su- ture pale; legs black, except the base of femora viucta. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 91 Series C. This series contains but two species each with yellow elytra, with the black suture entire and a vitta from the umbone nearly to apex. AntennfE entirely black ; legs black, except the bases of the femora. trivittata. Antenuffi with three basal joints pale; middle and posterior legs pale, except knees and tarsi vittata. D. connexa Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 212; Jacoby, Biol. Cent.-Amer. vi, pt. 1, p. 549, pi. xxxii, fig. 20.— Oblong-oval, narrower in front, moderately con- vex, pale yellow, elytra with brown ornamentation ; metasternum, tibise and tarsi piceous. Antennse a little longer than half the body, slender, piceous, three basal joints pale, third joint slightly longer than the fourth and twice as long as the second. Head pale castaneous, smooth, clypeus sparsely punctate. Thorax wider than long, slightly narrower at apex, sides arcuate in front, sinuate behind the middle, disc moderately convex, sparsely obsoletely punctate. Elytra slightly broader behind the middle, sparsely finely punctate, a broad brown band occupying nearly the basal half of the elytra, the posterior border sinuous, at sides emarginate, not reaching the border of the elytra, enclosing on each side an oval pale spot of variable size, one-third from apex is an arcuate row of small brown spots, two on each side. Body beneath sparsely pubescent, abdomen finely punctulate ; tibife with a well-marked carina on the outer edge extending from the knee to the apex. Length .28 inch. ; 7 mm. Male.— The last ventral segment is broadly truncate. Female.— 'La,st ventral slightly prolonged and oval at tip. Very little variation has been observed in this species, the color of the head and the markings on the elytra may be lighter or darker, but never pass beyond the brown color. Occurs in Texas and Mexico. D. picticornis n. sp. — Form and somewhat like connexa in coloration. Antennse slender, more than half the length of the body ,joints 1-3 pale, 4-8 piceous, 9-10 pale, 11 piceous, joints 2-3 small, the third a little longer, the two together a little longer than the fourth. Head black, smooth. Thorax broader than long, slightly narrower in front, sides anteriorly feebly arcuate, posteriorly slightly sinuate, disc convex, color slightly reddish, surface sparsely finely punc- tate. Elytra broader behind the middle, obsoletely punctate; yellow, with a broad piceous black band, similar in form to that of connexa, and a crescentic band one-third from apex. Abdomen very sparsely punctate, yellow; tibise carinate on the outer edge. Length .26 inch. ; 6.5 mm. Male not seen. The last ventral of female oval at tip. This species bears a deceptive resemblance to connexa, and might readily be thought a variety of it, but the form of the second and third joints of the antennjB, together with the arrangement of the colors of the joints, will at once distinguish it. Occurs in Texas, locality unknown. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE, 1893. 92 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. D. triciliciit Say, Jouru. Acad, iii, p. 457; ed. Lee. ii, p. 221; suffriani Jacoby, Biol. Cent.-Amer. vi, pt. 1, p. 551, pi. xxxii, fig. 3. — Form oblong, feebly convex, color yellow; head, metasternum, tibiae and tarsi black, elytra with three transverse bands and a small apical spot black. Antennae piceous, two basal joints paler. Head impunctate. Thorax very little wider than long, slightly narrowed in front, sides anteriorly feebly arcuate, then slightly sinuate to base, anterior angles slightly prominent, disc convex, smooth. Elytra sparsely punctate, yellow, with three transverse bands which do not attain the side mar- gin, the basal band crosses the suture and sends a short branch backward, the second and third bands are interrupted by the suture, the apical spot is small and at the sutural angle. Abdomen yellow, sparsely pubescent, finely punctate; tibise carinate on the outer edge. Length .22 — .26 inch. ; 5.5 — 6.5 mm. 3{ale. — Last ventral truncate and broadly eniarginate ; first joint of front tarsi dilated. Female. — Last ventral narrowly oval at tip. Occurs from Colorado southward to Arizona, extending into Mex. D. duocleciiiipiiiictata Fab., Syst. Ent. p. 103; Oliv., Ent. vi, p. 628. pi. 2, fig. 31 ; tenella Lee, Proc. Acad. 1858, p. 58. — Oblong-oval, narrower in front, moderately convex, pale yellowish green, each elytron with six piceous black spots of variable size. Autennai slender, longer than half the body, piceous, three basal joints pale, joints 2-3 small, the third the longer, the two together about as long as 'the fourth. Head black, smooth, vertical impression deep. Thorax wider than long, slightly narrower in front, sides slightly arcuate ante- riorly, then feebly sinuate; disc convex, with a moderately deep fovea each side of middle, surface smooth ; scutellum piceous. Elytra wider behind the middle, sparsely obsoletely i)unctate; color yellow, with a slight tinge of green, on each side of the scutellum an oblong spot obliquely placed, another oblong spot on uinboue ; at middle two spots placed slightly obliquely, one-third from apex two spots more obliquely placed ; metasternum piceous. Abdomen yellow, sparsely punctate; tibise distinctly carinate on the outer side. Legs piceous, the basal half of the femora pale. Male. — Last ventral truncate and broadly emarginate ; front tarsi not dilated. Female. — Last ventral narrowly oval at tip. This species does not vary greatly from a normal standard. Speci- mens are occasionally seen in which the spots show a tendency to elongate and unite in a longitudinal direction. Var. tenella Lee. — This name was suggested for those forms in which the spots are reduced to a very small size, and in which the jiostei'ior series may be entirely lost. In this variety the antenna' are usually paler, and the femora are more than half pale. This species occurs over the entire eastern region from Canada southward to Texas, extending into Arizona, and even to southern California. It doubtless occurs in Mexico also. The variety tenella occurs only in the extreme southwest. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 93 D. soror Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 212; 12-punctataX var. Maun., Bull. Mosc. 1843, p. 309. This species resembles Vl-punctata in so many ways that a full de- scription is hardly necessary. The following are the distinctive points: Antennae almost entirely piceous, the basal three joints merely slightly paler. Thorax less transverse, entire body beneath and legs black; the size is usually less than in l2-pn)ictata. The sexual characters are the same. As a rule the piceous spots on the elytra are larger than in 12- pandata, and have more of a tendency to become confluent and in a transverse direction, although specimens are not rare in which the humeral spot is prolonged to the next series of spots. The spot near the scutellura is confluent with its fellow, the two forming a quadrate spot. At this time the query may be proposed as to whether 12-notatu Harold is not related to soror in the manner that tenella is to 12- ■pvnetata. Occurs from Oregon southward through California to Arizona, and probably Mexico. D. balteata Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 213; Jacoby, Biol. Cent.-Amer. vi, pt. i, p. 530, pi. xxix, fig. 23 ; sallei Baly, Jouru. Linn. Soc. Zool. xix, p. 227. — Form very like \2-punctata. Autenuse piceous, three basal joints paler, joints 2-3 small, the third slightly the longer, the two together about equal to the fourth. Head rufescent, smooth, a deep vertical fovea. Thorax pale yellow, or slightly greenish, broader than long, slightly narrower in front, sides slightly arcuate anteriorly, feebly sinuate thence to base; disc moderately convex, smooth, with a fovea each side variable in extent; scutellum piceous. Elytra broader behind the middle, moderately closely but obsoletely punctate ; color very pale malachite green with yellowish white spaces as follows: the lateral margin uarrowly nearly to apex, an oval subhumeral spot, a larger oval spot near scutellum, two slightly arcuat« bauds which do not attain the margin or suture, one before and ime behind the middle, an ill-defined spot near apex; entire body beneath pale yellow, except metasternum, tibise and tarsi, which are piceous; tibiae distinctly oarinate. Length .20 — .24 inch. ; 5 — 6 mm. Male. — Last ventral truncate and broadly emarginate; tarsi not dilated. Female. — Last ventral uarrowly oval at tip. The above description has been drawn from specimens in perfect condition. The color of the elytra is, however, so dilated that it soon fades by too long preservation in spirit or from exposure to light. The color then becomes a dull yellowish white, in which, however, traces of the paler bands may usually be seen on close examination. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE, 1893. 94 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. The only variation observed is in the tendency of the antennse to become ferruginous. Occurs from Texas southward through Mexico to Columbia, S. A. D. loiigicornis Say, Journ. Acad, iii, p. 460; ed. Lee. ii, p. 223. — Oblong;, moderately elongate, entire body and legs yellowish white, or with a slight tinge of green. Antennse slender, longer than half the body, pale brown or ferruginous, joints 2-3 small, the third a little longer, the two together not lon- ger than the fourth. Head smooth, vertical fovea not deep. Thorax a little wider than long, sides arcuate iu front, slightly sinuate posteriorly, disc convex, with a moderately deep fovea each side, surface smooth. Elytra distinctly wider behind the middle, surface moderately coarsely and closely punctate, disc vaguely subsulcate, and with a costiform elevation from the umbone two-third to apex. Abdomen very sparsely punctate; tibise distinctly carinate. I^ength .20 — .22 inch. ; 5 — 5.5 mm. 3Iale. — Last ventral truncate and slightly emarginate; first joint of anterior tarsi dilated. Female. — Last ventral narrowly oval at tip ; tarsi not dilated. No variations have been observed. This is the only species in our fauna in which the entire body and legs are uniformly pale. Occurs from the Middle States westward to Kansas. D. virgifera Lee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 59. — Oblong, nearly par- allel, pale yellow head ; metasternum, tibite and tarsi black. Antennfe black, three basal joints testaceous, joints 2-3 small, together but little longer than half the fourth. Head smooth, vertical fovea moderately deep. Thorax very nearly as long as wide, not narrowed in front, sides slightly sinuate behind the middle, disc smooth, bifoveate; scutellum piceous. Elytra nearly parallel, mod- erately closely punctate, smoother near the apex, surface vaguely sulisulcate, with an obtuse costa from the umbone three-fourths to apex ; color pale yellow, or with a slight greenish tinge, a narrow, sutural, piceous vitta, and one from each umbone extending three-fourths to apex. Abdomen yellow, obsoletely punctate; tibiae and tarsi black, femora yellow, sometimes with an upper line piceous. Length .20— .24 inch. ; 5—6 mm. Male. — Last ventral segment truncate ; tarsi not dilated. Female. — Last ventral oval at tip. The type described by LeConte, as well as my own, have doubt- less been decolored by immersion in alcohol. More recent specimens show that the true color is slightly green. The sutural and lateral vitt^B are apt to be much reduced in extent. While the second and third joints are usually small and scarcely longer together than half the fourth, one specimen has these two nearly equal to the fourth. Occurs at Fort Wallace, N. Mex., southern Arizona and northern Sonora. D. filicoriiis n. sp — Oblong, similar in form to vittata, color piceous black ; thorax, side margin, and apex of elytra and abdomen yellow. Autennse slender. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 95 a little longer than the body, piceous ; second and third joints small, a little longer than half the fourth. Head piceous, smooth, vertical impression moder- ate. Thorax nearly as long as wide, sides slightly arcuate in front and feebly sinuate posteriorly, disc smooth, vaguely bifoveate. Elytra sparsely punctate,- smoother at base and apex, vaguely subsulcate, and with an obtuse carina from umboue three-fourths to apex ; color piceous black shining, the margin yellow, expanding to a spot at apex ; femora yellow, with the upper edge piceous, ante- rior and middle tibiae piceous externally, yellow on inner side, posterior tibite and all the tarsi, piceous. Length .20 inch. ; 5 mm. Male. — Last ventral truncate ; first joint of front tarsus dilated and thickened. Female. — Last ventral oval at tip. In one specimen before me there is an indefinite yellow spot on each side of the suture near the base, as if varieties of the species might occur with trivittate elytra as in vittata. This species is peculiar among those in our fauna in having the antennse longer than the entire body. Occurs in New Mexico, special locality unknown (Schaupp). n, atripeiiuis Say, Journ. Acad, iii, p. 461; ed. Lee. ii, p. 224; crisfata Harris, Trans. Hartf. Nat. Hist. Sec. p. 90; fossata Lee., Proc. Acad. 1858, p, 88. — Oblong-oval, narrower in front, either entirely black, or with the thorax and abdomen yellow. Antennae three-fourths the length of the body, black; joints 2-3 small, nodiform, together scarcely longer than half the fourth. Head smooth, vertical fovea feeble. Thorax broader than long, sides arcuate in front, sinuate posteriorly, disc smooth, bifoveate. Elytra obsoletely sparsely punctate, vaguely subsulcate, with an obtuse carina from the umbone three-fourths to apex; tibiae distinctly cariuate. Length .15 — .20 inch. ; 4 — 5 mm. Male. — Last ventral truncate and broadly emarginate ; first joint of front tarsus slightly broader and thicker. Female. — Last ventral oval at tip. Var. atripennis Say. — Thorax and abdomen yellow. Var. crestata Harris. — Thorax yellow, with a median stripe black. Abdomen black. Var. fossata Lee. — Entirely black. A rather common species distributed from Massachusetts to Da- kota, Kansas and Texas. 9 D. lemiiiscata Lee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ii, 1868, p. 58.— Form elongate, parallel, piceous black, shining, each elytron with the side margin and a vitta yellow. Antennae piceous, three-fourths the length of body, joints 2-3 small, together not as long as the fourth. Head smooth, vertical fovea moderate. Thorax a little wider than long, sides arcuate in front, slightly sinuate poste- riorly, disc smooth, bifoveate. Elytra sparsely and indistinctly punctulate and alutaceous ; disc very vaguely subsulcate, an obtuse plica from umbone toward apex. Body beneath and legs entirely black ; tibiae distinctly carinate. Length .20— .24 inch. ; 5—6 mm. Male. — Last ventral truncate and broadly emarginate; first joint of anterior tarsus slightly thickened. Female. — Last ventral broadly oval at tip. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE, 1893. 96 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. Very little variation has been observed, except in one specimen, in which the middle vitta tends to disappear. Occurs near the Raton Mountains and at Fort Union, N. Mex. D. blandiila Lee, Trans, Am. Ent. Soc. ii, 1868, p. 58. — Oval, oblong, yel- lowish white, head and metasternura piceous. Antennae brown, paler at base, nearly three-fourths the length of body, joint 2 small, 3 nearly as long as four. Head smooth, vertical fovea feeble. Thorax one-third wider than long. Head smooth, vertical fovea feeble. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides slightly arcuate in front, feebly sinuate posteriorly, disc smooth, with two vague fovea, which tend to meet posteriorly. Elytra sparsely punctate, distinctly subsulcate, the humeral carina feeble, color pale yellow, with a short brownish vitta from the scutellum and from the umbone. Abdomen nearly smooth. Legs i)ale yel- low, tarsi piceous; posterior tibiae carinate near base only. Length .20 inch.; 5 mm. Male. — Last ventral truncate. Female. — Unknown. This species resembles virgifera in color and markings, but may be known by the structure of the antennre, the broader thorax and color of the legs. Occurs near the Smoky Hill River, New Mexico. I>. TiiiC'ta Lee, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xvii, 1878, p. 416.— Oblong oval, form of vittata, above black, thorax yellow, elytra with the side margin and an entire median vitta yellowish white. Antennae three-fourths the length of the body, piceous; joint two small, the third nearly as long as the fourth. Head black, "smooth, vertical fovea small. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides feebly arcuate in front, slightly oblique behind, disc smooth, bifoveate ; scutellum black. Elytra rather coarsely and closely punctate, the surface vaguely subsul- cate, the humeral carina not present, color black, side margin to suture and a vitta from base to apex ivory-white; metasternum piceous, abdomen and base of femora yellow. Legs otherwise black ; tibiae carinate near the base only. Length .16 — .18 inch.; 4 — 4.5 mm. The only specimen before me is a female having the broadly oval apex to the last ventral segment. The median vitta on each elytron resemble the so-called ivory vitta seen in many Cerambycidse. Occurs in Georgia and Florida at Capron. I>. vittata Fab., Syst. Ent. p. 122; melanocephala Fab., loc. cit. p. 118 ; Oliv., Enc. Meth. vi, p. 590; Ent. vi, p. 633, pi. 3, fig. 38; americana Gmelin, ed. Linn, i, 4, p. 1715; stolata Grael., loc. cit. p. 1724. — Oblong-oval, pale yellow above; head, a sutural and humeral vitta on each elytron black. Antennae more than half the length of the body, the three basal joints partly pale, joint two small, the third nearly as long as the fourth. Head black, smooth, ventral fovea rather large. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides arcuate in front, slightly sin- uate posteriorly, disc deeply bifoveate; scutellum black. Elytra slightly oval. NORTH AMKRICAN COLEOPTERA. 97 surface rather broadly striate, strife biseriately punctate, intervals convex, sub- costiform, color pale yellow, a sutural black vitta occupying two Intervals ex- tending from base to apex, a humeral vitta nearly reaching the apex on the in- tervals 6-8. Body beneath piceous. Legs yellow, the knees, the anterior tibiae and tarsi and the tips of the middle and posterior tibiae and their tarsi piceous; tibiae without trace of carina. Length .18 — .24 inch. ; 4.5 — 6 mm. Male. — Last ventral truncate and feebly emarginate; tarsi not dilated. Female- -1,3.51 ventral oval at tip. This species is remarkably constant iu its characters for one so widely diffused. Abundant over the entire eastern United States from Canada southward. I>. trivittata Mann., Bull. Mosc. 1843, p. 309. Very closely resembling vittata, differing in the following particu- lars : Antennae entirely piceous. Thorax bifoveate, the two fovea) coalescing poste- riorly. Legs entirely black, except the bases of the femora. 3Iale. — Last ventral feebly truncate, slightly emarginate ; first joint of front and middle tarsi distinctly broader and thicker. Female. — Last ventral oval at tip ; tarsi not dilated. This species occurs throughout California, where it replaces vittata of the Eastern States. D. amcenula and D. odonotata described by Boheman, and placed doubtfully in our lists, are from the Pacific islands, and do not occur in our fauna. FHYL,L,OBROTICA Eedt. Head free, transversely grooved between the eyes. Eyes nearly round, prominent ; labrum short, feebly emarginate ; maxillary palpi not stout, the third and fourth joints obconical, the latter smaller and acute at tip. Antennse slender, longer and more slender in the female, first joint stout, second and third usually shorter, the third longer than the second, four to eleven nearly equal in length. Thorax transversely quadrate, sides nearly straight, disc usually with de- pressions; scutelium oval at tip. Elytra parallel, without lateral margin and without separate epipleurse; prosternum obliterated be- tween coxse, the cavities open behind ; metasternal parapleur^ rather wide and parallel; ventral segments one to four equal in leno-th, fifth much longer. Legs rather slender, tibi?e without spurs ; first joint of hind tarsus scarcely as long as the next two, claws appen- diculate and divaricate. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (13) JUNE, 1893. 98 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. This genus is very properly separated from all the others with open front eoxal cavities and appendiculate claws by the entire ab- sence of epipleurse in so far as these are defined by the acute lateral margin of the elytra. It seems to me that this genus alone should constitute the group of Phyllobroticites, and that FhyUecthrus should be removed, reasons for which are given under that genus. There are now eight species known to me, five belonging to the Atlantic region and three to the Pacific, the former having ornate elytra, the latter blue or greenish. They may be known by the characters given in the following table : LcKS pale or bicolored. Thorax yellow. Elytra bicolored, maculate, vittate or margined. Head entirely yellow. Elytra yellow, with two oval piceous spots on each (lecorata. Elytra piceous, with suture and sides yellow. Elytra with elevated costse and punctate costipeuiiis. Elytra not costate. Thorax with a moderately deep fovea each side (liscoidea. Thorax with a transverse depression lilllbata. Head black, front pale; each elytron with an intermediate pale vitta. villata. Elytra uniform, blue or greenish .., viriilipeiiiiis. Thorax black, elytra dull blue or greenish luperiua. Legs entirely black. Head, thorax and body black, elytra dull blue nigripes. F. (lecorata Say, Journ. Acad, iii, p. 459; ed. Lee. ii, p. 203; Olivieri Kby., Fauua Am. Bor. iv, p. 218. — Form elongate, parallel. Head black, front yellow, impunctate. Anteunse piceous, the tliree basal joints yellow. Thorax broader than long, sides slightlj' sinuate, disc smooth, color yellow. Elytra yellow, on each two oval piceous spots, one at base smaller, and one behind the middle, oblong; surface not distinctly punctate. Body beneath piceous black, with a few sparsely placed punctures. Legs entirely yellow. Length .22 — .28 inch. ; .5.5 — 7 mm. In the male the last ventral segment is large, canaliculate in front, broadly concave near the apex, the apical margin bisinuate. The last dorsal is deeply semicircularly emarginate ; po.sterior tibi« ar- cuate ; the last ventral of the female is not concave, the apex oval. Very little variation has been observed in this species. There is, however, in Mr. Ulke's cabinet one female in which the two spots unite and form a vitta, as in discoldea, but, from the fact that the thorax is very evenly convex, I incline to consider it a variety of the present species. Its size prevents it from being considered circtnndata. Occurs in the Lake Superior region, Illinois and Colorado. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 99 P. COStipeiiUiM u. sp. — Form of discoidea; head and thorax yellow, elytra black, with the entire limb aud suture narrowly yellow. Antenr.te entirely black. Head smooth. Thorax wider than long, sides slightly arcuate in front, straight and convergent behind, disc smooth, on each side of middle a large, but shallow fovea. Elytra with the suture elevated and four distinct discal costse, between which the surface is distinctly punctate. Body beneath yellow, abdo- men piceous, sparsely finely punctate; femora yellow, tibise in greater part and tarsi piceous. Length .24 -.28 inch. ; 6— 7 mm. In the niiile the segments 2-8-4 are short, and have a slight gib- bosity on the median line. The last ventral is very large, convex, with a shallow median depression, and at middle of apex a short oval lobe limited each side by a sinuation. The last dorsal is trun- cate and broadly emarginate. The female ventral segments are of normal structure. This species may be readily known by the costate elytra. The male sexual characters resemble those of discoidea. Occurs in Georgia and Florida. P. clisc<»iclea Fab., Syst. El. i, p. 485; circumdata Say. Journ. Acad, iii, p. 457; edit. Lee. ii, p. 221. — Form of decornta. Head smooth, yellow. Antennge black, the three basal joints often paler, but not conspicuously so. Thorax wider than long, slightly wider at apex, sides slightly sinuate, disc smooth, a moder- ately deep foveiform depression each side of middle. Elytra piceous black, with the base, suture and side margin yellow, surface sparsely punctate, and in the females vaguely subcostate. Body beneath yellow varying to brownish. Legs yellow, tips of tibise and tarsi piceous. Length .14— .26 inch. ; 3 5 — 6.5 mm. In the male the third and fourth segments of the abdomen are short, together but little longer than the second ; the last ventral is large, convex, a slight median depression, the apex bisinuate. The last dorsal is emarginate at middle and on each side ciliate. In the female the segments 2-3-4 are gradually shorter, the fifth oval at tip, the last dorsal entire. No variations worthy of note have been observed. It is very clear that Dr. LeConte and others have confused three species under the name discoidea, the present species, limbcda, and another which he mentions as a curious color variety. That Fab- ricius clearly differentiated his two species is very evident from his mention of the black antenna and the blfoveate thorax of the ])res- ent species. Say's synonym has been fixed by the antennae. The male sexual characters separate the two beyond all doubt. In the present species it will be observed that the elytra are a little less shining from the more evident punctuation. Occurs in Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia. TRANS AM. ENT. SCO. XX. JUNE, 1893. 100 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. P. linibata Fab., Syst. El. 1, p. 486. — Form of discoidea, and closely resem- bliug it ill coloration. Aiiteunfe piceous, the three basal joints conspicuously paler. Thorax also similar in form, but with a transverse depression of some- what crescentic form, sometimes slightly deeper at the ends. Elytra very indis- tinctly punctate and quite shining. Body beneath entirely yellow, the abdomen sometimes slightly darker. Legs yellow, sometimes with the tips of the tibife and tarsi darker. Length .14 — .26 inch. ; 3.5 — 6.5 mm. In the male the segments 2-3-4 are not very different in length, being successively slightly shorter. The last segment is large, the disc in front convex, near apex a deep fovea, beyond which the seg- ment is prolonged in a truncate lobe limited each side by a deep notch. Last dorsal segment truncate, slightly eraarginate, ciliate on its edge. In the female the terminal ventral segment is oval, the pygidiuni oval, but more acute. This species resembles discoidea so greatly superficially, that it is not surprising that it has not been separated. It will be observed that the thorax has a vague transverse depression in place of two fovese, the antennae are shorter and stouter, sex for sex, than in dis- coidea, the elytra smoother and more shining. The structure of the last ventral of the male is notably different. As a rule, the three basal joints of the antennae are conspicuously paler, while in discoidea, usually piceous. In the present species the abdomen is yellow, and in discoidea usually more or less piceous. While the legs here are usually all yellow, it is the rule in discoidea. to have the tips of tibire and tarsi piceous. Occurs in District of Columbia, Virginia, Iowa, Texas. I». vittata n. sp. — Form of discoidea. Head black, shining, front yellow. Antennse piceous, basal joint sometimes pale. Thorax yellow, one-half wider than long, sides nearly straight, slightly convergent posteriorly, disc smooth, a vague transverse depression of variable extent. Elytra piceous, side margin and suture yellow, and a similar vitta of variable extent from the humeri to apex, surface either quite smooth %, or sparsely finely punctate 9- Body beneath yellow, abdomen usually piceous, sometimes yellow. Legs yellow, tibiae at apex and tarsi piceous. Length .16 — .20 inch. ; 4 — 5 mm. In the male the ventral segments 2-3-4 are nearly equal in length, the fifth much larger, convex in front, very deeply cupuliform behind, at middle prolonged in a short truncate lobe limited each side by a notch ; the last dorsal is truncate and ciliate. The ventral segments of the female are as in limbata. In the female the antennss are of the usual filiform structure, while in the male they are evidently thicker toward the tip. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 101 This species is founded on the " singularly-colored specimen" men- tioned by Dr. LeConte. It varies somewhat in its markings. In two specimens before me % 9 , the humeral is short and slender, not reaching the apex, while in two others the vitta is broad and entire. In three specimens the abdomen is brown or piceous, in one pale yellow. The form of thorax is that of limhata, and the male sexual characters nearly so, but the depression of the last ventral is much deeper. Occurs in Pennsylvania, North Carolina and Georgia. V. viridipennis Lee, Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 81; loc. cit. 1865, p. 207. — Similar iu form to discoidea, but less elongate. Anteuuse often entirely yellow, usually with the outer joints darker. Head yellow, with an occipital piceous spot of variable size, usually sparsely finely punctate. Thorax wider than long, sides slightly arcuate in front, straight and convergent posteriorly, disc smooth, with a fovea on each side of variable extent. Elytra violet-blue or slightly greenish, sparsely finely punctate. Body beneath entirely piceous. Legs yellow. Length .20— .26 inch.; 5—6.5 mm. In the male the ventral segments 2-3-4 are gradually shorter, the fifth large, with a deep oval excavation nearly the length of the seg- ment, the apex of the segment deeply emarginate, with a slight lobe in the emargination, the last dorsal narrowed at apex and truncate. Ventrals of female normal. The style of coloration will enable this species to be known from any other in our fauna. No striking variations have been observed. Occurs in California and Nevada. P. luperiua Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 207. — Form slightly more robust than viridipennis ; head and thorax black, shining; elytra blue or slightly greenish. Antennae piceous externally, the basal five joints yellow. Head black, sparsely punctate, front yellow. Thorax wider than long, sides nearly straight and slightly convergent to base, surface sparsely finely punctate, and on each side a fovea, these sometimes united by a vague transverse depression ; surface sparsely, finely and indistinctly punctate. Body beneath entirely black. Legs yellow, tips of tibiae and tarsi slightly darker. Length .20— .26 inch. ; 5— 6.5 mm. In the male the ventral segments 2-3-4 are gradually shorter, the fifth large and with a large and deep oval excavation, the apex of the segment emarginate, with a feeble median lobe, the last dorsal is truncate and slightly emarginate. The ventrals of the female are of normal structure. Occurs in California south of San Francisco ; at San Mateo and Santa Barbara. TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE, 1893. 102 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. 1*. iiigi'ipes u. sp. — Form of luperina, black, shining: elytra dull blue or greenish. Antennae entirely black. Head with few scattered fine punctures. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides nearly straight, slightly convergent to base, disc feebly convex, a broad but vague oblique depression each side, the two uniting at middle, surface vaguely punctate. Elytra finely alutaceous, puuctatei smoother near apex. Body beneath black, shining, sparsely punctate. Legs entirely black. Length .20 inch.; 5 mm. The male has the segments 2-3-4: of the abdomen gradually shorter, the fifth large, with a broad and deep groove running its entire length. The last dorsal is oval at tip. In the female the segments are of normal form. This species is the only one in our fauna with totally black legs. Its resemblance to Haltica bimarginata is so deceptive, that the two individuals in my cabinet were sent with specimens of that species. Occurs at Los Angeles, Cal. (D. W. Coquillett). SCELrOLiYPERUS Crotch. Antennje slender, longer than half the body, second joint shorter than the third. Elytra with distinct edge separating the epipleurse, the latter nearly reaching the apex of the elytra ; last joint of max- illary palpus obtusely conical, slightly longer than the preceding joint, and as wide at base; anterior coxse contiguous; tibi?e without spurs; first joint of hind tarsus nearly as long as the following joints united ; claws broadly appendiculate at base. The species of this genus are of graceful form, moderately elon- gate, slightly depressed, the legs rather long. The antennae are similar in the sexes. In the males of all the species the last ventral segment is nearly as long as the three preceding joints, the apex very obtuse, the sur- face flattened and slightly concave along the apex. The last ventral of the female is about as long as the two preceding, acutely oval at tip. Our species of this genus have been heretofore placed in Lnperus, from which they differ in the absence of tibial spurs. They are larger than Luperus, and of quite different facies, and have always seemed out of place in association with them. On an examination of Crotch's type I cannot find that there is any reason why the species subsequently described as Scelida should not be united with it. The character which seems to have attracted Crotch's attention, and which probably induced him to separate the genus, is the presence of a strong tooth on the inner edge of the NORTH AMKRIUAN COLEOPTERA. 103 curved tibiae near the knee. There will, however, be found in the annexed table two species with curved hind tibise in the male which are certainly not separable from Scelida, while Crotch's type differs from those in the single sexual character of a tooth on the curved tibiffi. While the description of Scelolypems is rather naeagre, the presence of the type makes it necessary to suppress Scelida. All our species belong to the Pacific faunal region and occur in Oregon, California and Arizona, one species extending to Montana and Colorado. They may be sei)arated as follows : Thorax always eutirely yellow. Head and femora yellow ." • flaviceps. Head metallic green. Elytra finely sparsely punctate, smoother at apex, posterior tibije %, strnight and not toothed flavioollis. Elytra coarsely sparsely punctate; posterior tibiae % stout, arcuate and toothed at base tejoiiicus. Elytra sparsely punctate and alutaceous; posterior tibiae % strongly curved, not toothed loripes. Thorax either maculate or blue, varying to black. Thorax yellowish, with a median and lateral spot piceous....llls»CuJicollis. Thorax uniformly blue or black. Elytra evidently punctate. Thorax polished, impunctate, black, slightly narrowed to base. maeulicollis var. Thorax spai-sely punctate. Antennae and legs black ; posterior tibiae of male straight. graptoderoides. Antennae at base, anterior femora and tibiae in part yellow ; posterior tibiae % curved Schwarzi. Elytra alutaceous, not punctate. Antennae filiform, last joint scarcely longer than the preceding. loiigiilus. Antennae broader externally, the outer joints flattened and slightly concave beneath in % , last joint notably longer decipieiis. S. flaviceps u. sp. — Similar in form to flavicollis, but a little more robust; head, thorax, metasternum and femora yellow, elytra metallic-green or blue in certain lights. Antennae two-thirds the length of body, piceous, the underside of the three basal joints pale. Head smooth, yellow. Thorax broader than long, slightly narrower at apex than at base, sides slightly arcuate in front, par- allel posteriorly, disc moderately convex, smooth and impunctate; scutellum yellow. Elytra with slightly arcuate sides, surface rather polished, sparsely finely punctate; metasternum and abdomen piceous, with bluish lustre; femora reddish yellow, tipped with piceous at the knees, the tibiae and tarsi black. Length .26 inch.; 6.5 mm. Two female specimens have been examined, their ventral charac- ters the same as in flavicollis. TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE. 1893. 104 GEO. H. HORN, 31. D. This species seems to resemble metaUlca Jacoby, as figured in Biol. Cent.-Amer. vi, pt. 1, pi. xxxiii, fig. 10, but the color of the legs will easily distinguish the two. Occurs in Arizona, special region unknown. S. flavicollis Lee (Phyllobrotica), Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 81; Lee. (Lnperus), Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 209. — Form obloug, parallel, above blue or green, metallic, thorax yellow, legs piceous. Antennje two-thirds the length of the body, pice- ous, the three basal joints bicolored. Head raetallic-green, impunctate. Thorax yellow, broader than long, slightly nari'ower iu front, sides feebly arcuate, disc convex, smooth, impunctate. Elytra with feebly arcuate sides, disc sparsely finely punctate, less distinctly at apex, surface metallic-green or blue, distinctly alutaceous. Body beneath and legs piceous, with distinct greenish surface. Length .26— .28 inch. ; 6.5—7 mm. Male. — Last ventral truncate at middle, a slight siiiuation each side, disc flat- tened. Female. — Last ventral rather densely prolonged. Occurs at Fort Tejon and other places in southern California. S. tejoiiicus Crotch, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 79. — Oblong, parallel, moderately convex, glabrous, shining; body beneath and legs, black; antennae at base pale, head and elytra blue. Head smooth, carinate between the antennae. Thorax quadrangular, slightly broader than long and somewhat narrowed in front, sides slightly arcuate anteriorly, disc slightly convex, with impunctate surface. Elytra coarsely sparsely punctate. Body beneath very sparsely pu- bescent. Length .20 inch. ; 5 mm. 3Iale. — Last ventral segment truncate and sinuate at apex, the disc slightly concave; middle tibiae slightly, posterior strongly arcuate, and with a strong tooth on the innei' edge near the knee. The female is unknown. The structure of the posterior tibite is rather remarkable, no such structure having been noticed in any of the hitherto described species. One specimen collected at Fort Tejon, Cal. S. loripes u. sp. — Oblong, parallel, beneath piceous, head and elytra me- tallic-blue, thorax yellowish. Antennae piceous, the basal four joints pale on the underside. Head alutaceous, impunctate. Thorax a little wider than long, slightly narrowed in front, sides very feebly arcuate, disc very indistinctly alu- taceous, with very minute, sparse punctures, larger along the base. Elytra dis- tinctly alutaceous, punctuation not large nor close, smoother toward apex. Body beneath very sparsely pubescent. Legs piceous, the anterior femora at knees, their tibiae in great part, yellow. Length .20 inch. ; 5 mm. Male. — Last ventral transversely concave, the apex vaguely eraarginate ; pos- terior tibiae stout, arcuate. This species might readily be mistaken for a smal\ fiavlcollu, which it resembles in form and color, although more distinctly punctate. As females of loripes are unknown, the only diflferential character must be drawn from the hind tibise of the male. Occurs in California, probably northern. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 105 S. inaciilicollis Lee. (Luperus), Trnns. Am. Eiit. Soc. xii, p. 27.— Olilou?, parallel, beneath aud legs piceous; above, head black ; thorax either yellow with piceous spots or entirely black, elytra bluish or greenish. Antennse two-thirds the length of the body, piceous; the three basal joints pale beneath. Head smooth, black. Thorax broader than long, sides slightly arcuate in front, then divergent to base ; disc slightly convex, polished in the black specimens, or with a very few punctures in the maculate; scutellura black. Elytra moderately closely punctate, not alutaceous, in some specimens vaguely subsulcate. Length .24— .28 inch. ; 6— 7 mm. Male. — Last ventral semicircularly emarginate at middle, truncate each side. Female — Last ventral broadly oval at tip. Two varieties occur in this species between which all necessary intermediate forms are in my cabinet. In the typical form the thorax is yellow, with an oblong-oval, piceous spot, broader in front, on the median line, and a smaller piceous spot on each side near margin. In the other form the thorax is polished black. Occurs at San Diego, Cal. S. grapfo«leroi«les Crotch (Luperus), Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1874. p.' 80. — Form of JlavicoUis ; head and thorax greenish blue, elytra cobalt-blue, body be- neath and legs piceous, with distinct bluish tinge. Antennae two-thirds the length of the body, piceous; the three basal joints paler beneath. Head smooth. Thorax slightly wider than long, a little narrower at apex, sides feebly arcuate in front, then parallel to base, disc moderately conve.x, sparsely finely punctate ; scutellum blue-black. Elytra sparsely, but very distinctly punctate, surface alutaceous. Body beneath aud legs piceous, with bluish lustre. Length .26 — .28 inch.; 6.5— 7 mm. Male. — The ventral characters are as in flavicollis ; the first joint of front tarsus slightly dilated and thickened. Female. — As in flavicollis. Occurs at Santa Barbara, San Buenaventina and Los Angeles (Cal.). S. Schwarzii n. sp. — Form oblong, parallel, beneath piceous, above uni- formly blue, greenish or bronze. Antennfe piceous, the basal four joints in great part testaceous. Head alutaceous, sparsely punctate near the eyes. Thorax a little wider than long, slightly narrower in front, sides anteriorly feebly ar- cuate, then feebly sinuous to base, disc shining, sparsely punctate, more evidently near the base. Elytra distinctly not closely punctate, smoother at apex, sutural region slightly depressed near the base, the suture itself slightly elevated. Body beneath piceous, with slight metallic lustre. Legs piceous, the anterior knees and the fiout tibife in great part yellow. Length .18 — .20 inch. ; 4.5 — 5 mm. Male. — Last ventral piceous, shining, the disc transversely flattened, the apex feebly emarginate; posterior tibise stout and rather strongly curved. Female. — Last ventral acutely oval at tip ; hind tibiae slightly arcuate. This species is closely related to loripes, but differs in the color of TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (14) JUNK. 1893. lOH GEO. H. HORN, M. D. the thorax and the more distinctly punctured surface. The only variation is that due to the tendency of the blue metallic surface to piceous green or coppery-bronze. From the fact that the hind tibiae of the female are curved (but less than in the male) in this species, it is possible that the other two species with curved tibiae in the male may have similar females. In that case they would form a series by themselves in the genus, as the genus might be divided into Scelida for those with straight hind tibite, and Scelolyperns for the others. Collected by Mr. E. A. Schwarz at Hood River ^()>J)^\ Oregon ; another in my cabinet from northern California. S. loiigulus Lee. (Luperus), Pacific R. E. Rep. Ins. p. 69; Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 209 ; nigrocyaneus Lee, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. 1879, p. 517. — Form narrow, elongate, piceous, with slight green-bronze lustre. Antennse more than half the length of the body, piceous, the three basal joints paler beneath. Head smooth, black. Thorax broader than long, slightly narrower in front, sides arcuate ante- riorly, then slightly convergent to base, disc convex, usually sparsely punctate. Elytra elongate, nearly parallel, the surface slightly scabrous, distinctly aluta- ceous and not punctate. Body beneath piceous, shining. Legs piceous, the front tibiie. somewhat paler. Length .18 — .20 inch. ; 4.5 — 5 mm. Male. — Last ventral segment truncate at middle with a slight sinuation each side, the disc slightly concave. Female. — Last ventral longer, oval at tip. This species varies but little. The thorax is usually distinctly sparsely punctate, but specimens occur quite smooth. Typical speci- mens of nigrocyaneus show that they differ merely in smaller size from longula. Occurs in northern California, Oregon, Nevada, Montana, Col- orado, Utah and Texas. S. decipiens n. sp. — Form narrow, elongate, nearly as in longula, piceous, shining, with a faint bluish lustre. Antennae more than half the length of the body, piceous, the four basal joints yellow in great part, the outer joints broad- ened and flattened, the eleventh distinctly longer than the tenth, joints 2-3-4 gradually longer. Head finely transversely wrinkled, the transverse groove entire. Thorax very little wider than long, widest in front of middle, sides feebly arcuate, hind angles sharply rectangular, disc nearly smooth % , sparsely punctate at base and sides J . Elytra nearly twice as long as wide, alutaceous, very sparsely minutely punctate. Body beneath piceous. Legs piceous, the anterior tibife at knee and the first joint of all the tarsi at base yellowish, liength .16 — .18 inch.; 4 — 4.5 mm. Male. — Last ventral segment prolonged at middle in a short truncate lobe; tarsi not dilated ; outer joints of antennae slightly concave on the underside. Female. — Last ventral ova! at tip ; outer joints of antennae not concave. This species resembles longula so closely that it would be mixed NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 107 with that species without an exainiuation of the anteimje. The sexual characters are not very different, except that in decipiem the middle truncate portion of the last ventral is slightly more prolonged. Occurs at Yreka, Cal., collected by Mr. Wm. Duenkel. TRACHYSCEL.IDA u. g. This new name is proposed for a species described posthumously by Dr. LeConte as Agelastica bico/or. The characters are those of Luperus, excepting that the tibise are all without spurs. The first joint of the hind tarsus is nearly as long as the three following joints together and slender. The anterior coxse are very narrowly separated, the cavities open behind. The length of the first joint of the hind tarsus excludes it from association with Agelastica, and by that character, and the absence of tibial spurs, it approaches Scelida. From the latter genus it is sepa- rated by its broadly oval and convex form and by the front cox^e being narrowly separated by the prosternum. T. bicolor Lee, Trans. Am. Eut. Soc. xii, November, 1884, p. 28.— Form rather broadly oval, convex, body and legs honey-yellow, elytra black, surface shining. Antennae piceous, the four basal joints pale. Head smooth. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, slightly narrower in front, sides very slightly arcuate, angles rather obtuse, disc convex, smooth and shining. Elytra oval, broader behind, convex, disc slightly impressed behind the scutellum ; surface punctate, regularly over the entire surface, the punctures not coarse nor close. Body beneath smooth, with very sparse pubescence. Length .21 inch. ; 5.5 mm. The only specimen examined is the type described by Dr. Le- Conte under the genus Agelastica, a female, in which the last ventral is oval at tip and entire. The species resembles very closely the figure given by Jacoby, Biol. Cent.-Amer. vi, pt. i, pi. 34, fig. 4, of Meiacycla robusta, and is about the same size. The latter species seems not to be a Metacycla. Collected at Fort Yuma, Cal. liUPERODES Motsch. Head not deeply inserted, transversely grooved between the eyes and carinate between the antennre. Eyes slightly oval, moderately prominent. Antennae slender, longer than half the body, joints 2-3 often small, together not longer than the fourth ; labrum transverse, slightly emarginate; maxillary palpi not stout, the last two joints subequal in length, the last more slender, conical and acute ; pro- thorax variable in form, from transverse to quadrate, the hind an- TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. jpjjE. 1893. 108 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. gles sometimes dentiform and prominent, the disc never distinctly impressed. Elytra oval, oblong-oval or parallel, the epipleurse ex- tending nearly to the apex ; anterior coxal cavities open behind, sometimes absolutely confluent, often with a narrow prolongation of the prosternum separating the coxse. Legs slender, not long, the tibise slender, slightly broader at tip, all with a terminal spur, that of the posterior pair usually longer; hind tarsi variable; claws appendiculate and divaricate. To the genus Luperodes all those species of Liqierus, described in our fauna, are referred, excepting those which have already been referred to Seelida. The original description of Luperodes, by Motschulsky, gives nothing tangible by which it can be distinguished from Luperus, and the method adopted by Mr. Jacoby is equally objectionable. In the absence of any of Motschulsky' s species for comparison and study I find myself compelled to rely entirely on the differential characters given by Chapuis, that is to say, in Luperodes all the tibire have a terminal spur, while in Luperus the posterior tibise alone are so formed. This character is not at all times easy to observe, but this is no excuse for neglecting it as a valid structural difference. Since the above })aragraph was written I have received, through the kindness of Mr. Jacoby, a specimen of Liqjerodes itigr'qiennis Motsch. In studying this, in comparison with Luperus niger Goze sent at the same time, there seems no reason for a change of opinion. Our L. thoracicus very closely resembles nigripennis, except in its pale legs, and several other species have the same oval form, from which there is a gradual transition in our series to the elongate form, which is thought to be the more characteristic form of Luperus. Two other genera are placed by Chapuis in close proximity to Luperodes, and separated from it by the relative lengths of the joints of the posterior tarsi. From the characters given, some of our species should be referred to these genera, Astena and Iphidea, but our species show such a degree of variation in respect to the relative lengths of the tarsal joints that it has been thought best to retain all in the one genus. In those species of decidedly oval form, such as thoracicus, lutei- collis, varicornis and atriceps, the first joint of the hind tarsus is fully as long, or even a little longer than the three following joints together, while in the more Cfblong forms the rule is that the first joint is a little shorter than the next three, although several excep- NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. .109 tions will be found. So, also, with the second joint in its relation to the third; in many cases the former is twice the length of the latter ; often they are about equal, while others act as iutergrades. The relative length of the second, third and fourth joints of the antennjfi is subject to considerable variation. In about half the species tlie second and third joints are small, the third always a little hniger than the second, the two together not as long as the fourth. In two species, spretus and texanus, the second is very much smaller than the third, which is nearly as long as the fourth. In the re- mainder of the species the three joints are respectively gradually longer, so that the second and third together are longer than the fourth. The structure of the prosternum also requires attention. In those species of the more oval form and with the widest thorax, as in thoracicus and varicornis, the front coxae are absolutely contiguous without trace of prosternum between them, while the more oblong species have, in most cases, the coxae separated by a very narrow prolongation of the prosternum. Had the length of the hind tarsal joint and the form of prosternum been concurrent in all cases, there might have been good reasons for dividing the genus, but, as before stated, the first hind tarsal joint varies so much in its relation to the other joints that nothing positive can be done with it. One of the minor peculiarities of the species of this genus requires particular attention, and that is the coloration of the legs. It seems, indeed, remarkable that such apparently trivial differences of color- ation should be indicative of specific distinctness, but the persistency of color, and its almost absolute invariability within specific limits, is proven by the presence of other characters often sexual. The coloration of the antennae is less invariable than that of the legs. The general color shows no variation within specific limits, except- ing so far as the metallic-blues vary to green. The comparatively numerous species are from all parts of the country, each species, with few exceptions, of limited distribution. They may be separated by the following table :* * Luperus thoracicus Boh., Eug. Eesa, lus. p. 181, described as from Sao Frau- cisco, has not been ideutified, aud, like very many of the species there described, may not be from California at all. The name is preoccupied, and should be dropped from the literature. TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE, 1893. 110 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. Body above yellow or pale castaneous: head yellow, except in atriceps : elytra vittate in bivittatus .'. 2. Body above bicolored or metallic; head black 3. 2. — Elytra with the suture and a vitta piceous bivittatus. Elytra not vittate. Head never black, legs testaceous, or with the tibite darker; surface shining variooriiis. Head, legs and underside black ; surface subopaque atriceps. 3. — Thorax yellow 4. Thorax blue or black 8. 4. — Form oval ; thorax twice as wide as long; prosternum not visible between the coxfe 5. Form oblong; thorax not much wider than long 6. 5. — Elytra piceous, sparsely punctate ; legs almost entirely yellow. tlioraoicns. Elytra dull blue, densely punctulate; legs entirely black luteicollis. 6. — Prosternum not visible between the coxse ; second joint of antenuse very small texaiius. Prosternum quite distinct between the coxse; second joint of antennae a little shorter than the third 7. 7. — Elytra at most obsoletely punctate, usually nearly smooth. All the tibiae yellow traiisitns. Anterior tibige alone yellow latieeps. Legs piceous, all the knees slightly paler Wickliami. Elytra very evidently punctate. Anterior knees alone yellow torqtiatns. 8. — Antennae entirely yellow : legs yellow, or more yellow than piceous 9. Antennae in great part piceous: legs black, or with but little yellow (except in spretus) 10. 9. — Legs entirely yellow; elytra minutely alutaceous, without punctuation. Liccoutei. Legs more or less varied with piceous. Elyti-a punctate and alutaceous; hind angles of thorax dentiform; all three femora more or less piceous nieraca. Elytra very obsoletely punctate, scarcely alutaceous; hind angles of thorax not dentiform; middle and posterior femora partly piceous. cyaiielliis. 10. — Legs entirely black 11. Legs bicolored 12. 11. — Body blue; surface punctate and alutaceous; antennae bicolored at base. smaragclinus. Body above black, sparsely punctate, not alutaceous; antennae black. moriiliis. 12. — Legs in great part yellow, the femora piceous at base spretus. Anterior tibiae and knees, middle and posterior knees also yellow. Morrisoiii. Anterior tibiae and knees yellow Taripes. L.. bivittatus Lee, Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 81 ; loc. cit. 1865, p. 209.— Form elongate, beneath piceous, above yellow, each elytron with the suture and a vitta NORTH AMKRICAN COLEOPTERA. Ill from the umboue piceous, legs yellow. Antennse yellow, louger than half the body, joint 2 shorter than 3, this shorter than 4, 2 and 3 together longer than 4. Head smooth, the transverse impression arched upward, not reaching the eyes. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides arcuate, hind angles not prominent, disc regularly convex, smooth ; scutellum black. Elytra about twice as long as wide, sides nearly parallel, surface scarcely visibly punctate, the sutural and discal stripes not reaching the apex. Length .20— .22 inch. ; 5—5.5 mm. Male. — First joint of anterior and middle tarsi slightly thickened. Last ven- tral segment truncate at middle, the disc with a vague triangular depression. Femele. — Tarsi not thickened. Last ventral oval at tip. , The first joiat of the posterior tarsi is about a third the length of ttie tibia and a little longer than the next two joints. No variation has been observed in the numerous sj3eciniens exam- ined. This species is peculiar in being the only species in our fauna with vittate or ornate elytra. Occurs in California in the coast range region south of San Fran- cisco, at Tejou and near Yuina. li. Taricoriiii Lee, Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 286.— Form moderately elon- gate, beneath and legs black, above blue. Antennae two-thirds the length of body, piceous, the four basal joints pale beneath, joints 2-3-4 gradually longer. Head iudistinctly alutaceous, the transverse impression deep and entire. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides slightly arcuate in front, then oblique to base, hind angles not prominent, disc moderately convex, indistinctly alutaceous, sparsely punctate. Elytra fully twice as long as wide, sides parallel, surface in- distinctly alutaceous, sparsely finely punctate; prosteruum vei-y narrowly pro- longed between the coxse. Length .23 inch. ; 6 mm. JfaZe.— Last ventral obtusely truncate, the surface smooth ; first joint of an- terior aud middle tarsi slightly dilated. First joint of hind tarsus scarcely one-third as long as the til)iu and shorter than the following joints together. NORTH AMKRICAN COLEOPTERA. 117 This species is the only one in our fauna entirely blue above with black legs. It resembles very greatly Scelida graptoderoides, but may be known by the presence of spurs on all the tibiae. Occurs in California, Punto de los Reyes. L,. luorulus Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 210.— Oblong-oval, black, shining. AnteniifB a little longer than half the body, second joint a little longer than half the third, these two longer than the fourth. Head smooth, the transverse im- pression straight, entire. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides feebly arcuate, hind angles not prominent, disc moderately convex, a vague depression each side, sparsely finely punctate near the front angles. Elytra one-half longer than wide, sparsely and very finely punctate ; prosternum very narrowly prolonged between the coxse. Body beneath black, shining. Length .14 inch. ; 3.5 mm. Male.— 'Lust ventral truncate at middle with a linear incisure, each side ex- tending half the length of the segment. The hind legs are unfortunately wanting in my specimen. The sexual characters of the last ventral of the male are precisely those of thoradcus and varicornu. The length given by LeConte, 4 inch., is plainly a misprint. Occurs in Texas, precise locality unknown. li. spretus n. sp.— Oblong-oval, black, shining, four basal joints of the an- tenna; and the legs (except femora at base) yellow. Antennse three-fourths the length of the body, second joint small, nodiform, scarcely half the third, these two as long as the fourth. Head smooth, transverse impression straight, entire. Thorax one-third wider than long, widest in front of middle, sides feebly arcu- ate, hind angles not prominent, disc convex, smooth, a few very fine punctures near the front angles. Elytra shining, sparsely finely punctate ; prosternum narrowly prolonged between the coxie. Legs entirely yellow, except the bases of the femora. Length .16 inch. ; 4 mm. The male is unknown. The first joint of the hind tarsus is one-third the length of the tibia, and scarcely as long as the following joints together. This species greatly resembles texanus in form, but differs in being totally black above, and by the elytra much less distinctly punctate. It also resembles the European Luperus niger, but differs in having terminal spurs to all the tibiae and the anterior coxae distinctly sepa. rated by the prosternum. Occurs in Texas, precise region unknown. Ij. niorrisoui Jacoby, Biol. Cent.-Amer. vi, pt. 1, p. 595.— Obloug, beneath piceous, above metallic-blue or green. Antennae two-thirds the length of body, piceous externally, the four or five basal joints pale, joints 2-3 oblong, nearly equal in length, the two longer than the fourth. Head smooth, the transverse impression deflexed at middle, entire. Thorax one-third wider than long, widest in front of middle, sides anteriorly arcuate, thence slightly oblique to base, hind TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE, 1893. 118 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. angles not prominent, disc moderately convex, sparsely finely punctate, but smoother at middle. Elytra twice as long as wide, sides parallel, surface punc- tate, but smoother at sides and apex; prosternum narrowly prolonged between the coxfB. Legs piceous, the anterior tibise, knees and tarsi, the middle and posterior tibise at base pale. Length .18 — .20 inch. ; 4.5 — 5 mm. Male. — Anterior and middle first tarsal joint slightly thickened, posterior tibia straight. Last ventral broadly truncate at middle, the disc smooth and slightly concave. Female. — Last ventral broadly oval. First joint of hind tarsus scarcely a tlnrd the length of the tibia, and not as long as the following joints together. This species closely resembles varipes, but has a broader thorax, differently colored legs and less pronounced male sexual characters. Occurs in southern California and Arizona (Morrison). li. varipes Lee, Pacif. E. R. Rep. p. 69. — Form oblong, moderately elon- gate, beneath piceous, above bright blue. Antennse longer than half the body, piceous, the four basal joints testaceous, upperside piceous, joints 2-3-4 gradually longer. Head smooth, the transverse impression entire. Thorax very nearly square, sides feebly arcuate, hind angles slightly prominent, disc moderately convex, sparsely punctate along the base. Elytra twice as long as wide, sur- face distinctly alutaceous, sparsely punctate, more finely and less distinctly at the sides and apex ; prosternum very narrowly prolonged between the coxae. Legs piceous, middle knees testaceous, anterior femora at apex, the tibise and tarsi testaceous. Length .18 — .20 inch. ; 4.5 — 5 mm. Male. — The first joint of all the tarsi thickened, hind tibiae slightly arcuate. Last ventral truncate at middle, with a slight sinuation each side, disc slightly concave. Female. — Last ventral oval at tip; tarsi not dilated, tibije straight. The first joint of the hind tarsus is one-third the length of the tibia, and not longer than the other three joints together. This species varies a little in the punctuation of the thorax ; usually the disc is quite smooth, sometimes sparsely punctate. The description by LeConte being comparative with the species then known, gives rather an exaggerated idea of the punctuation. The dilatation of the first joint of all the tarsi in the male, with the arcuate hind tibipe, is rather a remarkable character. Occurs in California from San Francisco northward, extending into Montana and Colorado. ANDROIiYPERUS Crotch. Head oval, inserted as far as the eyes, which are slightly oval and prominent; labrum transverse, truncate; maxillary palpi not very stout, the fourth joint twice as long as the third, somewhat fusiform in shape. Antennre longer than half the body, intermediate joints subserrate in the male, first joint moderately stout, clavate, second NORTH AMKRICAN COLEOPTERA. 119 small, ovate, third a little shorter than first, fourth longer than the third, joints five to ten nearly equal in length, shorter than the fourth, but longer than the third, eleventh equal to the fourth. Thorax quadrate, slightly wider than long, sides feebly arcuate, disc not impressed. Elytra oblong-oval, broader in the male; epipleurse wide, extending three-fourths to apex ; prosternum distinctly sepa- rating the coxffi ; anterior coxal cavities open behind. Legs mod- erate in length ; tibise scarcely broader to tip, the outer edge rounded, the apex without spur ; tarsi moderate, first joint of posterior pair longer than the next two ; claws appendiculate. This genus was named by Crotch from a pair of specimens in my cabinet and characterized in a few words without any attempt to indicate its relationship beyond that it belongs in the vicinity of Laiperus. Its position is rather difficult to assign, owing to the want of extensive material for comparison. That it is not very near Lu- periis is shown in the shorter first joint of the hind tarsus and the absence of tibial spurs. On the other hand, that tarsal joint is longer than in the groups in which the joint is at most the length of the next two. From a manuscript label still attached to my specimen, it is evident that Crotch was at first disposed to place the species in Malacosoma. There seems no course to be pursued but to place it in a separate group. A. fiilvas Crotch, Proc. Acad. 1873, p. 55. — Oblong-oval, subdepressed, above fulvous; bead, auleuua?, legs, meso-metasternum and last ventral segment pice- ous black, surface glabrous, shining. Head smooth, a transverse impressed line between the eyes, frontal tubercles flat, clypeus carinatc. Thorax quadrate, a little wider than long, sides feebly arcuate in front, thence slightly sinuate to base, base regularly arcuate with a marginal line, a little wider than the apex, hind angles rectangular, anterior angles slightly nodiform, disc convex, smooth and not impressed ; scutellum piceous. Elytra oblong-oval, slightly wider be- hind the middle, disc smooth and shining. Body beneath very sparsely pubes- cent. Length .20 ^—.24 9 inch.; 5— 6 mm. Male. — -Antennae a little more subserrate than the female; third and fourth ventral segments each with two slender processes on each side of the middle of the posterior margin of the segment, the disc flat. Last ventral deeply concave, smooth, piceous; side margin of elytra deeply and irregularly plicate one-fourth from apex. Female. — Ventral segments simple ; elytra simple. In the male there is on each elytron a short, indistinct piceous vitta near the apex. The male ventral characters are certainly very extraordinary. The structure of the last ventral is not unlike that seen in some TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE, 1893. 120 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. Phyllobvot'ica, but the slender, slightly diverging processes of the third and fourth ventrals are very unusual. The plication of the side margin of the male elytron is also a rare character, but some of the species of Malacorhinus are similarly provided. Two specimens from the coast range region of California, south of San Francisco. MALACORHINUS Jacoby. Head oval, not deeply inserted, front with a transverse impressed line, frontal tubercles flat. Eyesslightly oval, moderately prominent ; labrum transver.se, entire; maxillary palpi moderately stout, the terminal joint conical, longer than the preceding. Antennae slender, longer than half the body, first joint rather stout, second half as long, third as long as first, fourth a little longer than third, joints five to ten equal to third, eleventh a little longer. Thorax quadrate, narrower in front ; scutellum broadly triangular. Elytra oval, broader in the male; epipleuroe moderately broad, reaching nearly the apex ; prosternum narrowly prolonged between the coxa), the cavities open behind. Legs slender, tibiae rounded on the outer edge, the anterior pair without terminal spurs; tarsi moderately long, the first joint of the posterior a little longer than the next two joints together ; claws appendiculate. To this genus Androlyperus maculatus is referred. The description by Jacoby is far too short, however, to be absolutely certain, but the facies and the male sexual characters leave very little doubt that our species is congeneric with some of those placed by Jacoby as typical of the genus. The joints, about which there may be doubt, are as follows : Jacoby states that the front Coxae are contiguous ; our species has a laminiform prosternum separating them ; it is also vaguely stated that the tibiae are mucronate, but it is not stated whether all are so ; the thorax is said to be constricted at base, but our species and all those figured show no constriction, but merely that the thorax is narrower at base than at apical third. .The pcsition of the genus in its relation to those already described is somewhat problematical. It seems to be related to Malacosoma, but the tarsi more nearly approach those of the Luperite series. In fact, the female of the only known species has been placed in Mala- cosoma by Allard. At present it will })robably be best to associate it with Androlyperus to form a group based on the structure of the tarsi and the deformed elytra of the male. One species occurs in our fauna. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTEKA. 121 M. inaetilatu.S Lee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xii, November, 1884, p. 28; cimex Allard, Ann. Belg. 1889, p. Ixviii. — Oblong-oval, differing in tlie sexes, color pale blood-red (when recent) or reddish yellow, each elytron with two black spots, surface shining 9 > oi' with subopaque elytra % . Head entirely black, smooth. Antennae black. Thorax broader than long, narrower at apex, sides very obtusely angulate one-third from apex, thence slightly sinuous to base, hind angles acutely rectangular, anterior angles slightly tuberculate, disc convex at sides only, smooth, polished. Elytra oblong and parallel J , or rather broadly oval %, each with two irregularly oval piceous spots placed a third from apex and from base, surface smooth, impunctate. Body beneath and legs black, ab- domen yellow, the last segment piceous 9t surface sparsely fulvo-pubescent. Length .27 — .31 inch. ; 7 — 8 mm. Male. — Elytra rather broadly oval with subopaque surface, about one-half longer than wide, lateral margin one-third from apex incised, wrinkled and foveate, lateral margin rather widely explanate. Last ventral segment truncate, the apex sinuate, disc foveate near the edge. Female. — Elytra oblong, parallel, polished, rather more than twice as wide as long, margin entire and narrowly prominent. Last ventral oval at tip. entire. In this species the male has a broader and more depressed form than any of the species figured by Jacoby, while the female is not very unlike in form a depressed Phyllobrotica. The sexes are thus so unlike that they might readily be supposed to be distinct species. Occurs in the southern part of California. METACYCL,A Baly. Head not large, not deeply inserted, front oblique. Eyes nar- rowly oval, entire. Antennae slender, reaching the tips of the elytra, joint one stout and conical, two half as long, joints 3-11 nearly equal, the fourth a little longer ; labrum transverse, slightly emar- ginate ; maxillary palpi not stout, the last joint as long as the pre- ceding and a little more slender ; prothorax transverse, nan-ower at base than at apex ; scutellum oval, broader than long. Elytra ob- long oval, the epipleurse moderately broad, extending nearly to apex ; prosternum not entending between the coxiB, the coxal cavities open behind. Legs moderate, the tibiae carinate on the outer edge, a ter- minal spur on all the tibipe ; claws broadly appendiculate. This genus is remarkable in the great dissimilarity of the sexes. In the male the elytra completely cover the abdomen, and the form is not unlike Cerotoma, while in the female the abdomen is greatly inflated, as in Meloe, and the elytra scarcely cover more than a third of its length. Unaware of the identity of the genera. Dr. LeConte described this one as Gastror/yna, Dr. Baly's Metacycla having been described four years previously. TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (16) JUNE. 1893. 122 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. Metacycla forms in the system of Dr. Chapuis a group by itself characterized by the open anterior coxal cavities, distinct epipleurse, first joint of hind tarsus not longer than the two following ; claws appendiculate, and thorax distinctly narrowed behind. M. insolita Lee, Proc. Acad. 1861, p. 338; loc. cit. 1865, p. 311.— Form unlike in the sexes, color dull yellow, each elytrou with two small, black spots. Autenuse piceons, basal joint pale, extending to apices of elytra. Head smooth. Thorax twice as wide as long, narrower at base, sides feebly arcuate, anterior angles obtusely prominent, hind angles small, subacute, disc convex, with two vague transverse depressions, surface smooth ; scutellum piceous. Elytra coarsely and moderately closely punctate; femora dull yellow, tibiae and tarsi brown. Length .23 %--A6 9 inch.; 6— 11.5 mm. Male. — Body winged, elytra covering the abdomen. Last ventral truncate with a broad and vague emargination. Female. — Body apterous, abdomen inflated and extended, brownish in color. Last ventral broadly oval at tip. Occurs at Cape San Lucas, Peninsula of California. 9IAL,A€OS09IA Eoseuh. Head moderate, inserted nearly to the margin of the eyes, front transversely grooved between the antennae ; lab rum moderately large, not emarginate. Eyes oval, entire; maxillary palpi with the last two joints obconical, nearly equal in length. Thorax quad- rangular, wider than long, disc without depressions; scutellum oval at tip. Elytra distinctly margined at the sides, the epipleurse ex- tending beyond the middle; prosternum distinctly separating the coxae but narrow, broadened at tip, the coxal cavities open behind ; ventral segments not very unlike in length. Legs moderate, tibiae slightly broader at tip, with very well developed spurs on all three pairs; tarsi rather stout, the first joint of posterior pair not quite as long as the next two together ; claws broadly appendiculate. The species here placed in Malacomma exhibit some diffei'ences from the generic description as given by Chapuis, but in deference to the views of Mr. Jacoby, to whom one of the species was known, they are allowed to remain. M. Bedel observes that, in the European species, the " outer border of the eyes is provided with long grey hairs." In vittipenne the lower border of the eyes is ciliate, but not in brevicorne. The two species known may be separated in the following manner: Antenuse piceous, with the three basal joints pale, the joints three to ten more than twice as long as wide. Elytra yellow, with narrow black vittse. vittipciiiie. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 123 Aiitenn?e entirely piceous, short and stout, the joints three to ten not twice as Ions as wide. Elytra dull yellow, varying through brownish to black. forevicorne. These two species are from the southwestern regions of our country. M. viftipeiiiie n. sp. — Oblong, parallel, slightly depi'essed, pale yellow, elytra with narrow black vittfe, raetasternum and abdomen piceous, surface glabrous, shining. Antenna; slender, more than half the length of the body, black; three basal joints yellow. Head smooth, yellow, occiput with a large piceous spot each side. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides arcuate in front, widest one-third from apex, anterior angles slightly nodiform, disc moderately convex, smooth, shining; scutelluni black. Elytra very little wider than the thorax, shining, minutely sparsely punctate, color paler yellow than the thorax, with the side margin not reaching apex, suture and three narrow vittfe black, the middle vitta begins within the humeral umbone at base and extends nearly to apex, the other two vitts^are incomplete in Front, but meet around the end of the middle vitta near the apex. Legs always entirely pale. Abdomen sparsely hairy. Length .26 inch. ; 6.5 mm. Male. — Last ventral segment truncate at middle, each side of which is a mod- erately deep notch, the disc of the segment concave. Female. — Last venti'al segment with a broadly curved margin. At first glance this insect very much resembles some of our Dis- oriychce from the style of ornamentation. The front has a distinct transverse groove between the eyes in this species, but much less marked than in brevicorne, and in neither has there been observed any tendency to a carination of the tibiae near the knee. In both these characters the two species seem at variance with those given by Chapuis. Occurs in southwestern Texas, precise region unknown, HI. brt'vicorne Jacoby, Biol. Cent.-Amer. vi, pt. 1, p. 582 (December, 1887). — Oblong, parallel, less depressed, color fulvous, the elytra varying to brown or black. Antennie entirely piceous, extending but little beyond the hind angles of the thorax. Head smooth, a deep transverse frontal impression, color variable sometimes entirely black, I'arely entirely yellow, usually with the front vellow and occiput black. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sometimes slightly narrower at apex than at base, disc convex, smooth ; scutelluni piceous. Elytra moderately closely punctate with coriaceous wrinkles, color fulvous, varying to black; epipleurae of the color of the elytra. Body beneath variable in color, rarely entirely black or yellow, usually with the metasteruum alone piceous. Legs somewhat variable in color, sometimes entirely black, usually with the knees, tibise and tarsi black. Length .20— .24 inch. ; 5—6 mm. Male. — Last ventral segment with a median truncate lobe limited each side by a notch, the disc of the segment with an oval, abrupt depression. Female. — Last ventral oval at tip. The variations of this insect have been in great part indicated in the description. From the material before me it would seem that TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE, 1893. 124 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. the male has the tendency to become black. One male before me is entirely black, except that the thorax is orange-yellow, but I think I have seen in Mr. Ulke's cabinet an entirely black specimen. Occurs in Utah and Arizona, and in the State of Coahuila, Mex. FHYL,L,ECTHRUS Lee. Form elongate, surface glabrou.s and nearly smooth. Head free, eyes oval, entire, distant from the margin of the thorax, fi'out more or less grooved transversely above the insertion of the antennai, labrum short, emarginate ; maxillary palpi stout, the terminal joint acute, narrower and shorter than the preceding. Antennse moder- ately long, slender in the 9 , thickened toward the tip Z in all the species except r/enfi/is ; 11-jointed in both sexes, but 10-jointed in the male of gentilis. Thorax broader than long, slightly narrowed at base, sides distinctly margined, base arcuate ; scutellum oval at tip. Elytra with very distinct lateral margin, epipleurse narrow, but ex- tending more than half to apex ; prosteruum obliterated between coxse ; metapleurre moderately wide and slightly concave longitu- dinally. Legs moderately long, tibise slender and without spurs ; first joint of hind tarsi longer than the next two ; claws broadly appendiculate at base.- The position of this genus as indicated by Chapuis is by no means satisfactory. With Phyllobrotica, especially, it seems to have but little afHiiity. In the latter genus there is absolutely no lateral mar- gin to the elytra, and consequently no epipleuron properly defined. In Phylledhrus, on the contrary, the margin is even more sharply defined than in many Luperus, and the epipleuron as fully developed as in that genus. The length of the first joint of the hind tarsus and the entire absence of tibial spurs on all the feet place its rela- tionship with but few of the groups suggested by Chapuis, and ap- parently the most closely with the Mimastrites. I am, however, inclined to believe that Chthoneis may be related to Phylledhrus, although that genus is known to me by descripticm alone. Assuming a relationship with the Mimastrite (as can easily be done by regard- ing females alone of Fhyllecthrus) we are then forced to admit a very close relationship with Ciieorane. One fact is, however, very evident — too many of the genera of Galerucini have been described from uniques without any published reference.^ to sexual peculiarities, which are often a guide to relationship when other characters cause doubt bv their double indication. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 125 In the uncertaicty from want of specimens of many foreign genera, and from the fact that our small fauna hardly requires the separation of genera in groups, I refrain from indicating a new group. Phyllecthrus is peculiar to our fauna, and contains but few species, which may be separated in the following manner : Anteunse dissimilar in form in the two sexes, thickened toward the tip % or filiform 9 . l'"Jt 11-joiuted in both sexes. Scutelliim yellow; elytra comparatively smooth. Elytra wider than the thorax ; auteuiise piceous in both sexes. ..dorsalis. Elytra not wider than the thorax ; antennte quite pale % , and but little darker 9 paralleliis. Scutellum black ; elytra vaguely subsulcate and distinctly punctate. Elytra a little wider than thorax ; antennae brown % , piceous 9 • subsulcatas. Antennae filiform iu both sexes and piceous, but 10-jointed % , 11-jointed 9 . Elytra distinctly wider than the thorax and quite smooth ; scutellum yellow. geutilis. F. clorsalis Oliv., Ent. vi, p. 646, pi. 4, fig. 54 ; atriventris Say (partim), Journ. Acad, iii, p. 461; ed. Lee. ii, p. 224; Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 207. — Head, thorax and underside of body yellow, elytra and abdomen black, thorax some- times with a piceous stripe each side. Antenuje black. Head smooth. Thorax broader than long, sides slightly arcuate at front angles, nearly parallel behind, disc convex, with a vague shallow impression each side, surface smooth ; scutel- lum yellow. Elytra black, shining, usually impunctate, sometimes sparsely punctate. Body beneath quite smooth, abdomen sparsely, finely punctate ; femora yellow, tipped with black, tibiae and tarsi black. Length .24 inch. ; 6 mm. Male. — Antennae 11-joiuted, gradually thicker to apex, joints 2 and 3 small and equal, together shorter thau the fourth, the fourth but little shorter than the first, eighth joint shorter than the seventh or ninth; middle tibiae deeply notched ou the iunerside near the apex; first joint of anterior tarsus shorter than the second ; second ventral with a conical process from the middle of the posterior edge. Female- -Antenn?& slender, 11-jointed, joints 2 and 3 together equal to the fourth, joints 4-11 nearly equal in length; middle tibiae simple; first joint of front tarsi fully as long as the second. Variations. — Specimens occur with the broad piceous band rjear the side of the thorax, or with the thorax entirely yellow. The latter are more generally females. Specimens occur with almost the under- side of the body piceous, including the legs. The elytra may be absolutely smooth or punctate, my specimens showing the former to be female and the latter male, but sufficient material is not at hand to say if the character is really sexual. There seems to be very little doubt that Say has confused two species iu his atriventrU. The general description, except as to the color of the antennae, will fit this species or nigripennix Lee, but the TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE, 1893. 126 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. antemiffi are 11-jointed in both sexes here, while in iiigripenais S they are 10-jointed, as stated by Say. Occurs abundantly near Washington, D. C. (Schwarz), and from thence westward to Missouri and Texas. P. paralleltis n. sp. — Form moderately elongate, parallel, slightly de- pressed. Head yellow, slightly darker than the thorax, sparsely finely pinu^tate. Thorax' wider than long, slightly narrowed behind, sides slightly arcuate in front, thence oblique to the hind angles, disc moderately convex, with a vague cresceutic transverse depression, surface smooth, color yellow ; scutellum yellow. Elytra but little wider than the thorax ; black, shining, the lateral margin nar- rowly yellow, surface alutaceous, sparsely punctulate; epipleurse yellow. Body beneath and abdomen piceous. Legs yellow, the hind tibire and tarsi and upper line of femora piceous. Length .18 inch. ; 4.5 mm. Male. — Autennse entirely yellow, except upperside of first joint, joints two and three small, together not as long as the fourth, joints four to ten gradually shorter, eleventh longer; middle tibiie deeply emarginate on the innerside near the apex, first joint of front tarsus very short. \ Female. — Antennae slender, darker than in the male, formed as in subsidcatus ; middle tibise simple; first joint of front tarsus as long as the second. This species may be known in the group in which the male an- tennae are 11-jointed by its more parallel form and relatively broader thorax. From (iubsiilcatu.3 it is distinguished by its smoother elytra and yellow scutellum, and from dorsalls by the yellow margin and epipleurse, and by the pale antennae. Occurs in Texas, region unknown. P. Silbsiilcatlis n. sp. — Piceous black, shining, head and thorax entirely yellowish. Head smooth ; thorax distinctly wider than long, slightly narrower behind, sides anteriorly slightly arcuate, then neai'ly straight and slightly con- vergent to base, disc convex, a slight fovea each side, surface smooth ; scutellum piceous. Elytra vaguely subsulcate, distinctly punctate and slightly alutaceous smoother near the apex. Body beneath piceous black, shining; femora in great part piceous; tibise and tarsi usually pale. Length .12 inch. ; 3 mm. Male. — Antennae ferruginous, gradually thicker to tip, 11-jointed, joints two and three small and similar, together shorter than the fourth, joints eight and nine subequal, these shorter than either the seventh or tenth; middle tibiae deeply emarginate on the innerside near the tip; first joint of front tarsus dis- tinctly shorter than the second. Female. — Antennte piceous, slender, 11-jointed; third joint slightly longer than the second, the two together equal to the fourth ; middle tibiae simple, first joint of anterior tarsus as long as the second. Variations. — The abdomen is nearly always piceous, but specimens are before me with yellow abdomen. A specimen % is before me, probably partially immature, in which the scutellum is yellow, and the basal portion of the elytra also, gradually shading into the pice- ous. The epipleurae, abdomen and legs are also yellow. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 127 From the sculpture of the elytra this species at first glance has some resemblance to Diah. atrij)ennis. It may be readily known from either of the species of the 11-jointed male sei'ies by the elytral sculptuie and black scutellura. Occurs in New Mexico, Texas and Arizona ; in the latter region near Yuma and Santa Rita Mountains (Wickham). P. geiitilis Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 208 ; var. nigripennis Lee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc 1868, p. 58; atripennis (partim ?) Say, Journ. Acad, iii, p. 461 ; ed. Lee, ii, p. 224 ; var. texnnus Lee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xii, p. 28. — Variable in color. Antennse piceous, the three basal joints variegated. Head entirely yellovi^, smooth. Thorax a little w^ider than long, sides nearly straight, disc convex, often with a vague transverse depression, surface smooth, color entirely yellow, or with a broad piceous stripe each side, with intermediate forms; scutellum yellow. Elytra shining, microscopically alutaceous, impunctate, color variable, either entirely black, side margin narrowly pale, or with side and suture more widely yellow; epipleurse always pale. Body beneath piceous, sometimes en- tirely yellow. Legs pale, often with the hind tibise darker. Length .10— .15 inch. ; 2.5 — 4 mm. Male — Antennje slender, second joint small, half as long as the third, joints three to ten nearly equal ; middle tibife with a slight emargiuation on the inner side near the tip; first joint of anterior tarsi not shorter than the second. Female. — Antennae slender, joints two and three equal, together a little longer than the fourth, joints four to eleven equal ; middle tibiae not emarginate. Variations : Var. gentilis Lee. — Thorax with a broad black stripe each side occupying one- third of the disc, but with the extreme margin pale. Elytra black, with the suture, side margin and apex yellow; the underside of the body is usually en- tirely yellow, but the abdomen may be piceous. Var. nigripennis Lee — Thorax similar to gentilis, but the lateral stripes show more of a tendency to disappear, and one specimen before me has merely a black spot each side in front. Elytra black. Body beneath black, the abdomen some- times yellow. Var. texanus Lee— Tnorax entirely yellow, without trace of black stripes or spots. Elytra black, with a narrow side margin yellow. Bodj' beneath entirely yellow. It is probable that Say confounded the variety vigrijieintlt^ with his atriventris, as the description of the latter coincides more nearly with what we know as dorsalls, while his after remark that the an- tenna^ are 10-jointed, shows that he must have had a specimen of one (if the varieties of the present species before him. It is not possible to make Say's name available, as he doubtless intended it to apply to dorsalis Oliv. It seems rather remarkable that with what has been written of Phylledhrus, the fact has not been discovered that this species is the only one in which the male antennre are 10-jointed. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE, 1893. 128 GEO. H. HORN, INI. D. Occurs from eastern Pennsylvania westward to Kansas, Dacota and Montana, and soiith to Georgia and Texas. Dr. Hamilton takes the gentiUs variety on Robinia pseudacacia as well as by sweeping low herbiage. In the Biologia Cent.-Amer. vol. vi, pt. 1, p. 600, INIr. Jacoby de- scribes a genus Oroetes, in which the species has the middle tibise of the male notched as in PhyUedhrus. While it is doubtless distinct, the genus seems related to PhyUedhrus. GALERUCA Geoff. Head moderately large, not deeply inserted, front grooved between the antennae, the tubercles not large. Eyes oval, feebly prominent; labrum short, transverse; maxillary palpi stout, the terminal joint elongate conical, as long as the preceding, but narrower. Antennae rather stout, not longer than half the body, joint three nearly twice as long as the second, 3-10 gradually decreasing in length, eleventh longer. Thorax transverse ; scutellum nearly semicircular. Elytra oval ; epij)leur£e entire ; anterior coxre contiguous, the cavities closed behind; middle coxte very narrowly separated. Legs rather I'obust; tibiie carinate on the outer edge, slightly broader at apex, the middle pair with one terminal spur; tarsi stout, the first joint of the poste- rior pair nearly as long as the next two ; claws cleft slightly behind the middle. The name Galeruca is adopted for this genus in accordance with the views of Mr. Crotch. It corresponds with Adimonia, as recog- nized by Chapuis and others. In our species the middle tibise in both sexes have a well-marked spur, although Chapuis states that the tibise are unarmed. In his remarks on this genus Crotch admitted all the species of LeConte's first group (Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 214), but a closer ex- amination shows that all have the anterior coxal cavities open, ex- cept externa, which will alone represent the genus in our fauna. G. externa Say, Journ, Acad, iii, p. 458; edit. Lee, ii, p. 222; rudis Lee, Pacif. E. R. Rep. p. 69. — Form rather broadly oval, moderately robust, piceous- black, feebly sbiiiincr^ the side mar};in and apex of elytra yellowish testaceous. Head cribrate-punctate. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, slightly nar- rowed in front, sides arcuate, parallel behind the middle, hind angles distinct, but obtuse; base oblique each side, disc convex, a vague median depression, sur- face very coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra on each side quadricostate, often the third entirely absent and the first abbreviated, intervals coarsely and closely punctate, the surface between the punctures alutaceous. Body beneath NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 129 stiiiiini;, very sparsely pubescent; luet-epistenia densely granulate punctate. Ahdotneii sparsely punctate, transversely wrinkled at the sides. Length .27 — .44 inch.; 7 — 11 mm. Male. — Last ventral segment broadly, but not deeply emargiuate, a depression or fovea at middle of eraargination. i^em«?e. —Last ventral truncate. Very little variation has been observed, and consists in the varying degree of coarseness of the punctuation and the greater or less de- velopment of the elytral costse. Occurs in Kansas, Utah, Nevada, Oregon, Washington and Idaho. CKKOTOMA Chev. Head free, the muzzle somewhat prolonged. Antennae slender, first joint rather long, second short, third nearly as long as the first, fourth shorter, joints 5-11 nearly equal; maxillary palpi rather stout, the last joint elongate-conical, shorter than the preceding ; anterior coxse contiguous, their cavities closed behind; epipleurae moderately wide, extending three-fourths to apex; tibiae slender, each provided with a terminal spur ; first joint of hind tarsus as long as the following joints together; claws broadly appendiculate at base. One species occurs in our fauna: C. trif'ureata Forst., Nov. Spec. Ins. 1771, p. 29; camineq Fab., Syst. El. i, p. 459; Oliv., Ent. vi, p. 656, pi. v, fig. 73; Lee, Froc. Acad. 1865, p. 205; var. furcata Oliv., loc. cic. 643, pi. iii, fig. 50.— Oval, narrower in front, modeiately convex, body beneath and head black, above yellow. Elytra with black, forming a narrow basal band extending in a triangle about the scutellum and prolonged along the sides nearly to apex, sometimes broken, three black spots on each side of and close to the suture, the posterior smaller. Antennae pale, darker exter- nally. Head black, clypeus very coarsely punctured. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, sides feebly arcuate, margin broader posteriorly, disc moderately convex, finely alutaceous, very obsoletely, finely and sparsely punctate: scutellum black. Elytra irregularly subseriately punc- tate, the punctures not large nor closely placed. Body beneath black, meso- and metapleurse punctate ; abdomen nearly smooth. Legs yellowish testaceous, the front and middle tibise. in part, the posterior tibiae entirely black, the fenioia of the latter black at apex. Length .14 — .20 inch. ; 3.5 — 5 mm. In the male the antennjie do not diflfer notably from the female, although they are shorter and stouter. The entire front of the male is yellow, only the portion behind the eyes is piceous ; the last ven- tral segment is truncate. In the female the last ventral is oval and granulately punctate. The usual coloration of the elytra consists of a triangular scutellar spot, which often sends a narrow stripe along the base to the humeri. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (17) • JUNE. 1893. 130 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. From the umbone a moderately wide stripe extends nearly to apex ; this stripe is often interrupted. Near the suture are four subquad- rate spots arranged in a quadrangle ; near the apex are two smaller spots. The variation from this observed are as follows : The larger spots forming the quadrangle may be divided longitudinally, producing two linear spots in the place of one. On the other hand, these spots may be longitudinally confluent, so that the two on each elytron form a short vitta. Specimens may occur witli pale elytra with merely a small scutellar triangle and a small humeral black spot. This insect is widely distributed. Specimens are known to me from Canada, Kansas, Texas, North Carolina and New York. None have been reported from the New England States. A]\I>RE€TOK Horn. Head free, front vertical, a deep transverse depression just beneath the eyes. Antennae more than half the length of the body, first joint long, second very short, third longer than the first, dilated and emarginate at apex, fourth triangular, with an emargiuation, the free angle acute, joints 5-11 nearly equal in length; maxillary palpi stout, the last joint conical, shorter than the preceding and slightly narrower at its base ; anterior coxse contiguous, their cavities closed behind; epipleurae extending three-fourths to apex. Legs as in Cerotoma, the posterior and middle tibiae with spurs ; posterior tarsi with first joint as long as the three following united ; claws broadly appendiculate at base. Above the deep transverse depression of the front and below the insertion of the antennae, is a short laminiform prolongation, obtusely tridentate, the lower edge of the depression has, at middle, an ob- tusely conical elevation. By the characters above given it will be seen that the genus is a member of the group Cerotomites, as defined by Chapuis. As in Cerotoma the third joint is longer than the fourth. It differs from that genus in the presence of tibial spurs on the middle and hind tibiae, and by the deep, transverse depression of the front. In the " Catalogus" Baron Harold has placed this genus in syn- onymy with Cerotoma, but in view of the characters considered valid for generic separation this course cannot be followed. One species is known to me. A. sexpimctalus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. iv, p. 152. — Obloug-oval, narrower in front, pale yellow above and beneath, each elytron with three small NURTH AMERICAN COLKOPTKRA. 131 piceous spots arranged in a line from tiie umhone to the apex. Anteunse pale yellow. Head smooth. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, the lateral margin wider posteriorly, surface smooth. Elytra moder- ately closely, but feebly punctate. Body beneath smooth, shining, the posterior coxae and the front of met-episterna piceous. Length .22 inch. ; 5.5 mm. This insect is not unlike Diabrotica l2-punctata in form, but some- what smaller. Occurs in Texas, locality unknown (A. S. Fuller). 4GEL.A.SA Motscb. Head oval rather broad, inserted as far as the posterior border of the eyes, which are slightly oval, prominent and entire. Antennae slender, longer than half the body, joints two and three subequal, together a little longer than the fourth, fourth longer than fifth, joints five to ten equal, eleventh longer; maxillary palpi moderately stout, the last joint shorter and more slender than the third ; labrum transverse, emarginate. Thorax transversely quadrangular, slightly narrower at base, sides feebly arcuate, hind angles distinct, disc im- pressed. Elytra oval, broader behind ; epipleurte nearly reaching the tip ; anterior coxal cavities closed behind, the prosternum nar- rowly visible between the coxae. Legs moderate ; tibiae slightly broader toward tip, the outer edge rounded, not carinate, the middle and posterior tibiae with a single spur; tarsi moderate, the first joint as long as the next two ; claws broadly appendiculate. A. halensis Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. xii, 1767, p. 589; Faiim., Gen. Col. Eur. iv, pi. 69, fig. 330; Lee. {Agelastica), Proe. Acad. 1865, p. 210; Chapuis (Sermyla), Gen. Col. xi, p. 225.— Form oval, moderately convex, pale yellowish, the elytra metallic-bine or greenish, resembling Oedionychis gibbitarsis in form and color. Antennte piceous. Head yellow, smooth, an occipital band of metallic-blue or green. Thorax rather more than twice as wide as long, sides feebly arcuate in front, disc moderately convex, not visibly punctate, but with a depression each side midway between the median line and side margin. Elytra oval, broadest a little behind the middle, the surface moderately coarsely not closely punctate, punctures irregularly placed and somewhat finer toward the apex. Body beneath honey-yellow, sparsely pubescent, tips of tibipe and tarsi infuscate. Length .20 — .28 inch. ; 5 — 7 mm. The specimens studied are unfortunately all females which pre.sent no special sexual characters. The specimens on which Dr. LeConte indicated the occurrence of this insect in our fauna were given him by Mr. Edw. Norton as having been collected at Farmington, Conn. For various reasons not necessary to record at this time, the validity of that locality seemed doubtful to me, and of sufficient moment to have caused me TRANS. AM. KNT. SOC. XX. JUNE. 1893. 132 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. to omit the species from our list, but recently Mr. Ulke has received a specimen from Wisconsin. The species is doubtless an introduced one, and not a member of the sub-arctic fauna common to both continents. Doubtful Species. OalerucR fibiilata [Germar] ; testacea, autennis apice pectoreqne fuscis, elytris linea rectaiigiila baseos maciilaque aute apicem nigris. Habitat iu America septentrional i. Affinis G. quadrimacnlafie, caput flavo-testaceuni, oculis autennanmique apice nigris. Thorax siibquadratus, niarginatus, punctiilatus flavo-testaceus. Coleop- tera thorace latiora, api(!e obtuse rotundata. obloiigo-quadrata, punctata testacea ; linea utrinque basali in humero raraum rectangulum emittente; macula magna aute apicem nigris. Corpus subtus testaceum, pectore fusco. This description seeins to apply very well to some of the varieties of the male of Cerotoma frifurcata, and the name would have been placed in synonymy with that did not certain remarks of Dr. Le- Conte (Proc Acad. 1865, p. 209) require explanation. There exists in the LeOonte cabinet a specimen which is undoubt- edly Galeruca quadrimaculata Oliv., and which came originally from the Melsheimer cabinet, and to this Dr. LeConte has attached the name fibulatus, and applied the remarks above cited. The specimen has remained unique for at least fifty years. That Olivier might have been in error in his locality is suggested by Dr. LeConte, but it is also possible that Melsheimer may have been in error as other Javanese insects were in his cabinet (see Pachyurgu>i cere^is Mels. = Encyalesthes hrevicornis Motsch. from Java, etc.). Galeruca quadri- notata Oliv. seems to have been omitted in the " Catalogus." <5. (lorsata [Say]. — Pa.le yellowsh, elytra blue, with a yellow outer margin and tip. Inhabits Arkausa. Body pale yellowish ; head black on the vertex ; antennse black brown ; thorax immaculate; punctures obsolete; scutel blackish bronze; elytra irregularly punctured, greenish blue; exterior margin and tip yellow; an indented, abbre- viated line on the basal middle; feet with blackish line above. Length one- fourth of an inch. Found on the banks of the Arkansa above the Verdigris. This insect, if it be a Chrysomelidae at all, has not been identified. d. jailthiiia Lee, Ann. Lye. 1, p. 173, is Haltica chalybea Illig. Supplementary Notes. The following notes have been prepared as a sui)plement to pre- ceding papers on the Chrysomelidie v/ith the view of correcting errors, supplying oniissions, or describing new forms : NORTH AMKRICAN COLEOPTERA. 133 SYIVETA Esch. In my essay on this genus (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xix, p. 3) an error has occurred owing to the improper recognition of the actual type of simplex in the LeConte cabinet. The species cited above as simplex shoukl be called hamata, from the structure of the male hind tibi?e. S. simplex Lee. — Entire body yellowish testaceous, sometimes with the head and thorax slightly brown. Head coarsely punctate. Thoiax strongly angulate at the sides not denticulate, coarsely punctate. Elytra with confused coarse punctuation without serial arrangement and without trace of costfe. Male. — Last ventral segment deeply sinuate each side, the middle projecting as a rounded lobe; hind tibise gradually broader to apex as in albida, and with terminal spur. Female. — Last ventral with a semicircular pubescent couciivity at apex ; hind tibife less thickened than in the male and with a spur. In this species the antennae are formed as in albida, that is the joints 8-11 are shorter than the joints 4-7. It may be separated from albida by the more strongly angulate thorax, the entire absence of costse and the confused punctuation. The type specimen came from Steilacoom, in Oregon ; others have been given me by Mr. E. A. Schwarz from Astoria and Tenino. To him I am indebted for having my attention called to the mistake above mentioned. OOMORPHUS Curtis. O. floridaiiiis u. sp. — Oval, convex, piceous black, shining, recalling Or- philus in form. Head very finely alutaceous, indistinctly sparsely punctate, a short linear frontal impression. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, the sides nearly straight and rapidly divergent from apex to base, disc convex, sparsely indistinctly punctate. Elytra with rows of moderately coarse punc- tures not closely placed, the intervals with a single series of irregularly placed, smaller punctures. Body beneath piceous black, abdomen finely transversely alutaceous. Length nearly .10 inch. ; 2.5 mm. No sexual peculiarities have been observed. The genus Oomorphus is one of those genera which have been assigned various relationships by those who have studied them. For an interesting recital of those of Oomorphus the student may con- sult the " Genera" x, p. 219. At present the position usually accej^ted is in relationship with Lamprosoraa. The Lamprosomini form a tribe of the Cyclique division of the Chrysomelidie, taking position between the Crypto- cephalini and Eumolpini. From all the other tribes of Cy cliques the Lamprosomini are distinguished by the pi-esence of grooves at TfiANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE, 1893. 134 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. the sides of the prosternuin for the lodgement of the antennse in repose. Oomorphus has the eighth joint of the antennae much smaller than either the seventh or ninth, after the manner of some of the genera of Silphidse. Our species is about the size of the European, and seems to differ, as far as the descriptions and figures permit comparison, by the sides of the thorax being straight and divergent, the intervals between the series of elytral punctures not being moderately densely punc- tured, but by the presence of a single- series of irregularly placed punctures. For this very interesting addition to our fauna we are indebted to E. A. Schwarz, who collected them in some numbers at Biscayne, Fla. L,rPER.4L,TICA Crotch. Head oval, inserted nearly as far as the eyes, which are rather prominent and slightly oval, front carinate between the antennae, with flattened tubercles and a ti'ansverse sinuous line between the eyes; labrum rather prominent, entire at tip; maxillary palpi not stout, the terminal joint half the length of the preceding, acutely conical. Antennae slender, longer than half the body, first joint stout, second small, oval, third twice as long, joints three to ten equal, eleventh longer. Thorax quadrangular, the angles distinct, and with a small piliferous tubercle, disc convex, with a vague transverse impression in front of the base ; scutellum triangular. Elytra ob- long-oval ; epipleurae moderate in extent, reaching nearly the sutural angle ; prosternum either narrowly separating the coxae, not visible between them, but forming a tubercle at apex, in the latter case the coxae absolutely contiguous, coxal cavities open behind. Legs mod- erate in length, the femora all thickened ; tibiae slenJPr, not carinate externally and without terminal spur; tarsi moderate in length, the first joint of the posterior pair as long as the next three ; claws ap- pendiculate and divergent ; body glabrous. It is generally admitted that the line of demarcation between the Galerucini and Halticini is not very well marked. The form of the posterior femora of the latter group, constructed for the purpose or with the result of giving a saltatory power to the insect, has been relied upon as the main point of distinction between the two series. As a rule the Halticini have the anterior coxae well separated by the prosternum, the reverse being the case in the Galerucini, but excep- tions occur to the normal character in both gi'oups. It is also rare NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 135 to find the tibise, especially the posterior pair, without terminal spurs, the mechanical reasons for which in saltatory insects being very evident. One group admitted by Chapuis, the Elithiites, has no spurs, and from the tenor of his remarks it is evident that he has had considerable difficulty in becoming satisfied as to the systematic position the genera of that group should occupy. The genus Luperaltica is equally perplexing. It is composed of two species, in one of which there can hardly be any doubt as to its position, the posterior thighs being well thickened and much stouter than the two anterior pairs, and the anterior coxae are distinctly se{)arated by the prosternum as required by the normal condition of the Halticini. On the other hand the second species has all the femora slightly thickened, the posterior pair not much more so than the others, but the anterior coxae are absolutely in contact, the pro- sternum not prolonged between them. The thickening of the femora in this species {fuscula) is scarcely greater than has been observed in many genuine Galerucini. Both species are deprived of a terminal spur to the posterior tibiae, a character of rare occurrence in the Halticini, but quite common in the Galerucini. In further evidence of the difficulty of placing the genus it will be remembered that Dr. LeConte placed the species in Malacosoma. At the time of my study of the Halticini (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc xvi, p. 271) it was suggested that Luperaltica should be dropped from our literature from the very faulty nature of the description, but to avoid confusion the name has been retained and the descrip- tion amended. L. senilis was erroneously referred by me to Systena, which it greatly resembles, but the front coxal cavities are open. Two species are known. Anterior coxie coutiguous; elytra very indistinctly punctate, color above vary- ing from yellovF testaceous to dull blue I'uscula. Anterior coxje separated ; elytra very evidently punctate, elytra bright metallic- blue senilis. Luperaltica cannot well be placed in any of the groups suggested by Chapuis. It will take a place in his table near the Elithiites by the absence of posterior tibiae spurs, differing from that in the form of the claws. In a natural arrangement the group might be well placed after the Crepidoderites. L,. fuscula Lee, Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 206 ; Crotch, ibid. 1873, p. 70.— Form oblong, resembling Systena, moderately convex, surface rather dull, color yellow- TRAN8. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE, 1893. 136 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. ish testaceous, sliading to brcwnisli, with blue surface lustre. AntenniB pale palpi piceous. Head piceous, the frout and labrum pale. Thorax bioader than long, not narrowed in front, sides feebly arcuate, angles all distinct, disc moder- ately convex, with a vague ante-basal impression and sometimes a faint median line, surface indistinctly punctate and alutaceous. Elytra oblong-oval, widest at middle, surface minutely alutaceous, sparsely indistinctly punctate, a marginal series of punctures larger. Body beneath colored as above, sparsely pubescent. Length .10 — .15 inch. ; 2.5 — 4 mm. Male. — First joint of anterior and middle tarsi distinctly dilated. Last ven- tral segment flattened, truncate at apex with a broad process from the middle of the apical edge and at right angles with it, this process is either obtuse or incised at apex ; first ventral between the coxse convex. Female. — Tarsi not dilated ; first ventral not convex. Last ventral truncate, leaving a small retractile segment exposed. The variation in color has been indicated above, some specimens being a dull indigo-blue, which gradually disappears, the sides and suture retaining the color the longest. The specimens more or less testaceous are the most abundant. Longitarsis nigripalph Lee, founded on a rather poor specimen, is doubtless synonymous with this species. Occurs from Pennsylvania and Virginia to Iowa and Kansas. li. senilis Say, Journ. Acad, iv, p. 87; ed. Lee. ii, p. 228; Crotch, Proc. Acad. 1873, p. 70; Horn. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1889, p. 271; tincta'Lec., Proc. Acad. 1865, p. 206. As the species is described sufficiently as the last named citation it will not be reproduced here. The male has a similar last ventral to that of fascida, but the process is shorter and acute. Occurs from Pennsylvania to Illinois. ]!nii!iCEL,L,A]VEO[JS COLEOPTEROUS STUDIES. BY GEO. H. HORN, M.D. The few pages which follow contain descriptions of some new Coleoptera, which, from their exceptional nature, seem worthy of separate treatment, although all of them are rare and from remote regions. The discovery of a new genus allied to Schizopus and Dystaxia is very interesting, as these genera form a group of Buprestidte pecu- liar to the extreme southwestern regions of our fauna. The Dacoderus, from Texas, has also a special interest in bringing the genus further east and rendering the locality of D. dorninkensis less improbable, doubt having been expressed by one of my valued correspondents in France of the correctness of the locality. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 137 GL,\I»TOS€EL,IMORPHA n. g. This name is proposed for a genus of Buprestidte allied to Schizo- pus and Dystaxia, with the following characters : Form cylindrical, slightly depressed, slightly narrowed in front, obtuse posteriorly. Head deeply inserted, front nearly vertical, clypeus slightly prolonged, broadly eniarginate ; labrum transverse, with rounded angles, slightly eniarginate in front. Eyes moderately prominent, broadly oval, entire. Antennae slender, scarcely at all serrate, nearly half as long as the body, first joint stout, second oval, small, third longer than first, fourth a little shorter than third, fifth equal to third, joints five to ten gradually shorter, eleventh half as long as tenth ; maxillary palpi moderate in length, slightly thickened to tip, last two joints equal in length, subcylindrical. Thorax broader than long ; scutellum oval, broader than Ions:. Elytra nearly parallel, obtuse at tip; prosternum slightly narrowed between the coxse, tip obtuse, received in an emargination of the ventral mesosternum ; metasternal episternum broad, nearly twice as wide as long, slightly broader in front, epimeron small ; first two vertical segments closely united with scarcely a trace of suture, these two at the sides as long as the three following segments, the third to fifth gradually decreasing in length. Legs not long, femora rather stout, tibiae slender, with two terminal spurs; tarsi moderate in length, shorter than the tibife, the first three joints with a short lobe, the fourth with a long, deeply divided lobe; first joint of hind tarsus about as long as the next two ; claws divaricate, broadened at base, but not toothed. The relationship of this genus with the other two forming the tribe Schizopini, may be expressed in the following manner : Antennse slender, nearly filiform, scarcely at all serrate. Claws entire at tip, slightly thickened at base; last joint of anteunfe nearly one-half shorter than the tenth Glyptosceliinorpha. Claws cleft at tip; last joint of antennse very little shorter than the tenth. Dystaxia. Antennffi flattened, the joints 4 — 10 broader than long and distinctly serrate. Claws cleft at tip ; last joint of antennfe oval, longer than the tenth. Schizopus. These genera all occur in southern California. G. inarinorata n. sp. — Sub-depressed, cylindrical, brassy-bronze, shining, surface irregularly marmorate with patches of short, recumbent, cinereous pu- bescence. Antennse brownish testaceous, the terminal joint black ; labrum yellow. Head moderately coarsely closely punctate. Thorax a little less than twice as wide at base as long, slightly narrower in front, sides nearly straight, TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (18) JUNE. 1893. 138 GEO. H. HORN, M. D. angles distinct, not prominent, disc regularly convex, moderately coarsely closely punctate. Elytra a little wider at base than the thorax, humeri obtuse, sides nearly parallel, gradually narrowed at apical third, conjoined apices obtuse, surface closely punctate, but less coarsely than the thorax. Body beneath darker seneous, densely and moderately coarsely punctate and densely clothed with cinereous-white recumbent pubescence. Legs yellowish testaceous. Length .30 inch.; 7.5 mm. The male has the fifth v^entral l)roadly einarginate, the sixtli deeply triangularly incised. The hind tibise are slightly arcuate. At first sight this insect would, in all probability, be mistaken for a Glj/ptoscelis ; such was the impression made upon myself Occurs near Los Angeles, Cal. Taken by Mr. D. W. Coquillett. AGALISSUS Dalm. A. chaniseropis n. sp. — Black, shining, elytra dull red with the suture piceous, thorax with four longitudinal lines of white pubescence. Head coarsely sparsely punctured at middle, eyes completely encircled with white recumbent pubescence, which extends along the sides of the front and crosses the edge of the clypeus. Thorax as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, sides feebly arcuate, disc coarsely sparsely punctate, with four shallow longitudinal grooves extending from apex to base, the two inner grooves interrupted near the base, the grooves densely pitted with white recumbent pubescence: scutellum semi circular, black, glabrous. Elytra wider at base than the thorax, gradually arcuately narrowed to apex, apices rotundate-truncate, the sutural spine short, more distinct in the male, disc vaguely grooved each side of suture, surface moderately coarsely, not closely punctate, each puncture with a short, semi- erect cinereous hair, color dull red, the suture gradually more widely piceous from the base, then more rapidly narrowing at the apical third. Body beneath black, shining, sparsely punctate; propleurae, sides of metasternum, outer edge of met-episterna and a triangular spot at the sides of each ventral segment with white pubescence. Legs black, sparsely pubescent. Length .76 — .83 inch. ; 19 — 21.5 mm. In the male the antennse reach the middle of the body, in the female shorter, otherwise, excepting the slightly more slender form of the male, there is no marked sexual difference. In this species the sides of the elytra behind the humeri are as deeply emarginate as in gratus. The differences between the genera Agalissus and Zagymnus seem to be measurably reduced by the dis- covery of this species. The front is less oblique than in the former as typified by gratus, and not quite vertical as in Zagymnus. The apices of the elytra more nearly approach in form the latter genus. The only remaining character seems to be that in Agalissus the form of body is narrowed behind, while in Zagymnus it is nearly parallel. Collected at Biscayne, Fla., by Mr. E. A. Schwarz on Chamairops palmetto. NORTH AMKRICAN COLEOPTERA. 131> DACODERUS Lee. This genus now contains three species which may be distinguished in the following manner : Eyes situated at the hiud angles of the head; head and thorax longitudinally striate. Disc of elytra flat, with the suture slightly elevated, relatively coarsely and closely punctate striaticeps. Eyes in front of the hind angles of the head ; elytra not flattened on the disc. Head and thorax longitudinally striate; elytra not distinctly punctate. Isevipeiinis. Head not striate, occiput coarsely sparsely punctate, thorax in front with few punctures la k ap al joints of tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen finely ^^^^^ened and feel^y punctu e^^ apical margins of segments narrowly pale testaceous, with th>n fasua^ of pale Dubescence, anal fimbria fuscous. Length 8 mm. r-Kes mbles the female, the pubescence a little paler ; the clypeus yello. wiU-'a tSngular black spot on each side; basal process of labrun, subquadrate, shorter than broad. Length 5—7 mm. Hah -Florida; twenty-six female, eight male specimens, ihis .specie, closely resembles A. flavo-dypeata Sn)., but may be distm- guishe.l by its darker wings, fulvous pubescence, etc. The Phalaugida Mecostetlii of the United States. BY NATHAN BANKS. The Mecostethi (Laniatores) have two claws to each of tlie four posterior tarsi, or else a compound claw; the Plagiostethi (Palpa- tores) have one simple claw to the tarsus of each leg. i wo families of the Mecostethi have been recorded from the United States in the following literature : Sav.-An Account of the Arachnids of the United States. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1821 ; Complete Writings, LeConte. , r< ^ Tellkampf-Beschr. ein neu i. d. Mammuth-Hole in Kentucky aufgefund. Gat- tung. V. Gliederthieren, Arch. f. Naturgesch. 1844. Cope.- On the Wyandotte Cave and its fauna. Am. Nat. 1872. Simon.-Opiliones Mecostethi, Ann. Soc.Eut.Belg.l8<9. Hibard.-Two days' collecting in the Mammoth Cave, etc., Am. Ent. 1880. Packavd.-New Cave Ai^achnida, Am. Nat. 1884. Packar.l.-The Cave Fauna of North America, etc., Nat. Acad. Sc. 188, (.) The two families may be separated as follows : Hind pair of cc. free at apex, spiracles o!^---;-;-/^^^^^^^°?5^^- Hind cox^ wholly united to the venter, spiracles distinct COSMETID^. Our species of Cosmetida. apparently belong to one genus, which has some of the characters of Cynorta, and some of Unoue. As Cynorta is the older and best known, I adopt that name for them. The eve-tubercle is almost obliterated, with only a few small gran- ules, the eyes widely separated, the legs short and tarsus I .nth hve ioints The palpi have the second joint short, concave wi hin ; the third still shorter, widest at tip; the fourth longer than the others, with the sides flattened; the fifth short, with a long claw, fhe palpi are usually appressed to the foce, so as to cover the mandibles. The three species known to me are separable as follows: JUNE, 1893. TRAKS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. 150 NATHAN BANKS. Two acute spines near end of dorsal shield oriiata. Two rounded tubercles instead of spines Kayii. Neither spines nor tubercles biinaculata. Cynorta ornata Say. This species is found in the southeastern part of the United States, usually under rotten logs. The young are lighter colored, and with long, slender palpi. Cyiiorta Sayii Simon. This was described as ornata Say by Wood, but is plainly a differ- ent species. It is usually without the white lines on the dorsum that are so common in ornata. It ranges somewhat more northward than that species, extending up to Kansas. It is found under and among dead leaves. Cynorta bimaciilata n. sp. Length 4 mm.; width 2.9 mm.; femur IV 2.5 mm. — Color: dorsum brownish red, with two long, somewhat lunate white spots near the end of the dorsal shield ; venter red. Legs yellowish, marked with fuscous toward their tips. Body finely granulate, without large tubercles or spines ; hind margins of the posterior segments furnished with a row of small tubercles. Legs 4-2-3-1 ; femora III and IV curved ; patellae and tibia? Ill and IV roughened. A smaller species with shorter legs than the other two. San Diego, Cal. ; given me by Dr. Geo. Marx. The Phalangodidse are represented by four genera : But one compound claw to each of the four posterior tarsi ; palpi not as long as the body Sclerobiiiins. Two simple claws to each posterior tarsus. Eye-tubercle pointed, arising from the anterior margin ; palpi shorter than the body Sifalces. Eye-tubercle arising from the middle of the cephalothorax ; palpi as long as body. Second joint of palpi more than three times as long as wide ; legs very long. Phalangodes. Second joint of palpi about twice as long as wide; legs much shorter. Scotolemon. Phalaiigodes Tellk. Acanthocheir Lucas. Phrixis Cope. This differs from Scotoleynon in having much longer legs and more slender palpi. We have two species : Eyes none, no spines on body ; cave form armata. Eyes present, spines on body, non-cavernicolus spiiiifera. Phalaiigofles armata Tellk. Phrixis longipes Cope. Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. NORTH AMEKICAN APTERA. 151 Fhalaiigodes spiiiifera Pack. Southern Florida. Scotolemou Lucas. Phalangodes Simou et Packard (in part). Erebomaster Cope. Ptychosoma Sorer. Scotolenioii flavesceiis Cope. This was described from Wyandotte Cave ; it has since been found in caves in Virginia and Kentucky. What I consider as the same species occurs under stones on the Virginia shore of the Potomac near Washington, D. C This out-of-door form does not differ much from cave specimens ; there are three quite large projections near the base of the second joint of palpi. All the forms vary in the number of tarsal joints. Some cave specimens are blind, and form the variety caecum Pack. ; others from Weyer's Cave are darker and spotted, and form the variety weyerensk Pack. SITAL.CES Simon. This genus is given by Simon to two species from the Isle of Re- union ; a form from California seems to belong to the genus, or else it will form a new genus closely allied to Sitalces. $iitalces calirornica n. sp. Length 2 mm. — Color yellow, venter paler, legs whitish towards the tips. Body oval, truncated in front, rounded behind; cephalothorax about twice as wide as long, the suture separating it from the ab- domen obsolete at the sides, the surface finely granulated, with a few larger granules near the meson and some on the posterior sides. Eye-tubercle large, arising from the anterior margin, about one-half the length of the cephalothorax, much roughened and finely granulated ; eyes near the base of the tubercle. An- terior segments of the abdomen united, finely granulated and with about six transverse rows of larger granules or tubercles, somewhat irregular on the ante- rior sides, the posterior rows larger than the anterior; beyond are three trans- verse scutfe or segments, connected by a yellowish membrane ; these have a row of tubercles on their posterior margin, and the last scuta also a row on its ante- rior margin ; seven finely granulated scutse on the venter. Palpi with the first joint short : second more than twice as long, with three projections below, rough- ened above; third short, gradually enlarged from base to tip, with two projections above and one below ; fourth longer than the third, with two large projections below and several short ones above; fifth joint shorter and smaller than the fourth, about as long as the third, with two projections below, the claw at tip long and stout; all the projections tipped with stiff hairs as usual. Legs short, finely roughened with many short hairs. One specimen has a large spine on the hind trochanter. Southern California. TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. JUNE, 1893. 152 NATHAN BANKS. SCL.EROBUNIIS geu. uov. Each of the four posterior tarsi has but one claw, wliich has on its sides one or two curved projections. The palpi are shortei- than the body, and the dorsal shield shows traces of the basal abdominal segments. The eye-tubercle is rounded, situated near, but not quite upon, the anterior margin. Otherwise the genus is similar to Sco- iolemoii. S. robustus is the type ; two species are known to me. Color red, tips of legs black robustus. Color brown, tips of legs yellowish bruiiiiens. jScIerobuiius robusta Pack. Packard first described this under, the genus Scotolemon, after- ward referred it to Phalangodes. His figure of the palpus on Plate XII (Cave Memoir) is poorly drawn, there being no third joint represented. The figure in the text (Cave Memoir, p. 48) is prob- ably that of a male, the female has the second joint of the palpi less gibbose than the male. The four posterior claws have one large projection each side. The anterior femora have three or four little tubercles, tipped with a stiff hair. It was described from Utah. I have it from Colorado and Wash- ington State (Trevor Kincaid). ScIerobuiiU!ii bruiiiieus n. sp. Length 2 mni.--Color brown, paler on the cephalothorax ; legs brown, a little darker than the body, their tips yellow ; palpi yellow; venter brownish yellow. The eye-tubercle is rounded like robus- tus, a little closer to the anterior margin than in that species. The dorsum and legs have many little tubercles, each tipped with a stiff hair or bristle. These are quite prominent on the tibise and patellfe of the legs; there are two of these tubercles near the base of femur I. The palpi are very short, not half the length of the body; joint two is not as enlarged as in robustus, about twice as long as wide, and with two short projections below; joint four is barely longer than wide, and has two projections below; joint five is nearly as long as joint two, and has four or five projections below; the claw is nearly one-half as long as the joint. The legs are very short; leg I not as long as the body, femur II not as long as the cephalothorax is wide. The four posterior claws have two curved projections each side. Washington State (Trevor .Kincaid). Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. XX. PI. I. laeyipennii striahcejis IS doTninicens'S NORTH AMKRICAN ODONATA. 152a CATAI^OGUE OF THE ODONATA (DRAGONFLIES) OF THE VIC IJVITY OF I'HIEADEEPHIA, WITH AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THIS GROUP OF INSECTS. BY PHILIP P. CALVERT, Fellow in Biology, University of Pennsylvania. (Plates II and III). Such eminent authorities as the Baron de Selys-Longcharaps, Prof. Uhler and Mr. McLachlan, have at different times expressed the opinion that the number of species of Dragonflies is decreasing, at least in well-settled districts. The causes for this decrease are prob- ably to be found in the pollution of the waters in which the nymphs live, and the filling up of ponds which formerly served as centres of propagation. Such being the case— and it is also true of other groups of animals— it seems advisable to bring together in permanent form such records as exist of the dragonflies of Philadelphia and its neigh- borhood, of their times of appearance, and of other biological facts concerning them. While such a descriptive catalogue as the present would be of greater value if it treated of a larger area, yet too large a proportion of the species of the Eastern United States, for instance, remain personally unknown to the writer to render such an extension advisable. The data upon which the present Catalogue is based are— speci- mens in the collection of the American Entomological Society, col- lected chiefly by Mr. S. F. Aaron, and in that of the Wagner In- stitute of Science by Mr. C. W. Johnson ; those gathered by Dr. Henry Skinner and Messrs. C. W. Johnson, Philip Nell and Philip Laurent, and generously placed by them at the writer's disposal; while the principal source has been the writer's own observations made in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, during the Summers of 1886-93. For the years 1888-92, a record was made each day for each species observed, but other occupations prevented continuous daily observations, so that future observers will probably add much to the facts here given. TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (19i) SEPTEMBER. 1893. 1526 PHILIP p. CALVERT. The scope of this Catalogue is set forth on page 266. In defining the major groups and the genera, the endeavor has been to so state their respective characters as to separate them from all other groups of like rank wherever found, and not merely with reference to North American forms. While not as much can be claimed for the specific definitions, yet there, too, a similar attempt has been made ; these throughout have been newly drawn up from specimens, except in the few cases noted in the text where such were not available. Only selected references to previous descriptions of species are given, in view of the existence of the synopses of Dr. Hageu and Mr. Banks. The classification of the Calopteryginse, Agrioninse, Gomphinie and Cordulin?e follows very nearly, although often in reverse order, the latest published views of Baron de Selys, and of the Aeschnin?e, those of Dr. Karsch, while a new arrangement of the Libellulinte has been employed. The distribution of each species is given in full, and the informa- tion on this subject will, in many cases, be found to greatly exceed that already published. That it has been possible to do this is owing to the labors of collectors who have submitted their specimens to the writer for examination, and whose results have not, save in two or three cases, been published. Such are the collections made by Miss Mattie Wadsworth, at Manchester, Me. ; Mrs. A. T, Slosson, at Fran- conia, N. H., and in Florida ; Miss A. M. Sharp, in Tama Co., Iowa ; by Messrs. J. P. Moore, at York Harbor, Me., Lake St. Regis, N. Y., and with D. J. Bullock, in the Bahamas ; Prof F. L. Harvey, at Orono, Me. ; W. Sheraton, Pictou, N. S. ; P. C. Truman and E. S. Cheney, S. Dakota ; Prof E. T. Owen, Dane Co., Wis. ; J. F. Schafer, Mt. Pulaski, 111. ; F. S. Jones, Chincoteague and Assateague Is., Va. ; E. V. Beales, Denver, Col. ; G. D. W. Williamson, Dobb's Ferry, N. Y. ; C. C. Adams, Bloomington, 111. ; A. L. Babcock, Sherborn, Mass. ; T. D. A. Cockerell, Las Cruces. N. Mex. ; A. Davidson, M.D., Los Angeles, Calif ; W. D. Richardson, Freder- icksburg, Va. ; H. L. Walker, Belvidere, 111. ; G. Miller, York, Pa. ; Prof 0. B. Johnson, Seattle, Wash. ; F. H. Hillman, Reno, Nev. ; W. J. Fox, Jamaica ; E. F. Hitchings, Worcester, Mass. ; C W. Johnson, Dover, N. J., and Great Wicomico River, Va. ; Michigan and Colorado Agricultural Colleges ; and by the writer in the White Mts., N. H., Saratoga, N, Y., and Sea Isle, N. J. From time to time the writer has been requested to name such books as would serve as introductions to the study of this group of NORTH AMERICAN ODONATA. 152c insects. It has not been possible to answer such questions satisfac- torily, owing to the lack of any work, in English at least, which treated of the structure and development of the Odonata, save in a brief and general way. Part I of the present paper is intended to supply this deficiency, and, by mentioning those topics on which present knowledge is insufficient or wanting, to suggest subjects for investigation. It has been taken for granted that those who will use it are already acquainted with the structure of insects in general and the technical terms used in connection therewith, to at least the ex- tent contained in the introductory chapters of Comstock, or of Pack- ard, or in the papers on " Elementary Entomology" contributed by the writer to Entomological News from May, 1890, to April, 1891 ; and in treating of the embryonic development a knowledge of the elementary facts of embryology is presumed. While free use has been made of the existing literature in its preparation, by far the larger portion of Part I is based on personal dissections, and some details are introduced which are believed to be new, e. g. the descrip- tions of the cephalic muscles (pp. 171-2), main tracheae (p. 179), development of the skeleton of the nymph (pp. 195-8), and the view of the phylogeny of the subfamilies (pp. 211-214). The writer is indebted to his brother, Mr. Frederic B. Calvert, for the table on page 208. As stated in the text, this table is based on Mr. Kirby's Catalogue, but it is highly probable that many of the species contained therein will hereafter prove to be mere varieties, so that the figures in the table rather overstate the facts. Valuable aid has been rendered by Mr. Chas. W. Johnson in sup- plying specimens and dates ; by Dr. G. H. Horn, in comparing speci- mens of Diplax with the types in the Museum of Comparative Zo- ology at Cambridge, Mass. ; by Mr. Samuel Henshaw, in a similar way for Aeschna clepsydra and Libellula exusta in the same museum ; while Mr. H. F. Moore opportunely presented the nymph of Calop- teryx maculata (afterwards raised to an imago) figured in part on Plate II, fig. 8. Fig. 2 is after Walsh, figs. 33 and 34 are copied from Korschelt and Heider's Lehrbuch ; all the others are original. Biological School, University of Pa., Philadelphia, Sept. 19, 1893. 152fZ PHILIP p. CALVERT. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Part I.— A General Account of the Odonata. PAGE Names aud defiuitiou 153 1. Structure of the Imago. Skeletou 154 Muscles 171 Alimentary canal 176 Excretory organs i 178 Circulatory apparatus 178 Eespiratory apparatus 178 Nervous system 181 Reproductive organs . 184 Oviposition 188 2. Development of the Odonata. Embryonic development 190 Nymph 195 3. Distribution of the Odonata. Conditions determining distribution 204 Geographical distribution 206 Geological distribution 209 4. Relationships of the Odonata. Relationships to other insects 210 Relationships of the Odonate groups to each other 211 Note on the preservation of specimens 214 Bibliography 215 Part n.— Catalogue of the Odonata of the Vicinity of Philadelphia. Characters of the major groups 219 Characters of the genera (imagos only) J20 Systematic characters of nymphs 225 List and characters of the species 227 Part III.— A Summary of the Philadelphia Odonate Fauna. Scope of this catalogue 266 Seasonal distribution (imagos) 267 Geographical distribution 268 Synonymic changes introduced in Part II 269 Index 269 Explanation of plates 272 For correction of an error in the test, see page 226, foot-note * NORTH AMKRICAN ODONATA. 153 IP^K.T I. A GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE ODONATA. Names and Definition. The insects technically known as the Odonata have received the popular English names of Dragonflies, Darning-needles, Bad-man's- needles, Devil's darning-needles, Snake doctors. Mosquito hawks and Horse-stingers. Some of these names testify to that widespread, but quite unfounded belief in the harmfulness of these creatures to man, which is by no means yet extinct. Philip Andreas Nemnich, in his Allgemeines Polyglotten-Lexicon der Natur- geschichte, article Libellula, has brought together many popular names of the dragonfly in various languages, especially from the German. A selection is added: German, Wassernympfe, Wasserjungfer (water maiden); French, demoi- selle; Spanish, Nadadora ; Portugese, Mosca qne da grandes picadas (fly with the great stings) ; Italian. Cevettone, Saetta (arrow) ; Dutch, Juffer, Scherpstel-endevUeg (sharp-sticking-fly) (McLachlan) ; Danish, Guldsmed ; Swedish, Trollslanda. In the classification of Linnaeus, the dragonflies appear as the genus Libellula of the order Neuroptera. Fabricius was the first to apply to them the name Odonata* (Eut. Syst. ii, p. vi, 373, 1793), to designate his fifth ' Classis' of the Insecta. Subsequent writers have variously regarded the group as a family or as a suborder, either of the Neuroptera or of the Pseudoneuroptera, retaining the Fabrician name. Still other, and for the most part later authors regard the Odonata as an order of the Ametabolous, Hemiuietabo- lous or Homonjorphous series of Insects. The zoological characters of the Odonata are : Insects with an incomplete metamorphosis. Alimentary canal Avithout c?eca. Seven pairs of abdominal ganglia. Malj^ighian tubules numerous (50-70). Imago. — Head of conspicuous size, its prothoracic articulation very mobile ; antennae short, awl-like (subulate) ; eyes large ; three ocelli ; biting mouth-parts, labium proportionately large. Prothorax * Greek 'OSous, oSovtos (odous, odontos), a tooth, referring presumably to the toothed mandibles. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (20) JULY, 1893. 154 PHILIP p. CALVERT. much smaller than the other two thoracic segments, which are closely united to each other ; tarsi of three joints ; wings large, flat, mem- branous, many-veined, of nearly equal length, furnished with an opaque pterostigma on the front margin near the apex. Abdomen tf o' o _3i i > "51 'C O ^ a o "^ 5 ^ M pi si St bt > ? o t^ 5 ■5 c s o i 03 s c c p o o ^ c^ & „ _c Tt '5 bjt 3 a o 'c 6t .CI J^. *tl O tr. p ? -tT "tc c •;- o <[ a i- ^ M ,^ —' i:/ a "^ fr- St. S : eS -c 5 .= i first, second and third leg. se, serosa. V, front head. membrane — \\\q amnion ; that part of the wall nearest the ventral surface of the egg is not thinned, and gives rise eventually to the entire ventral surface of the embryo and the paired appendages, including those of the head (fig. 33C). Meanwhile, the uninvaginated portions of the ventral plate are gradually reduced to a sharjfly circumscribed area in front of the mouth of the amnion cavity, and become divided into two bilaterally NORTH AMERICAN ODONATA. 193 symmetrical halves — the lateral lobes (Seitenlappen), which eventu- ally take part in the formation of the head. The thick part of the wall of the invaginatecl tube, together with the lateral lobes, forms the germinal-band (Keimstreif ). While the above-described changes have been taking place in the germijial band, the cells of the rest of the blastoderm, except at the anterior pole, have become flattened and surrounded by an inter- cellular substance. The most external layer of cells of the lateral lobes undergoes the same change, unites with the similar cells around the mouth of the invagination, and so closes the open end of the amnion cavity. The egg is thus enveloped by a membrane — the serosa — which is entirely free and unconnected with the amnion,* or the germinal band. Meanwhile the yolk, which lies almost every- where between the serosa and the embryo, has been divided into spheres. The deep (hind) end of the germinal band now curves so that the hind part of the abdomen becomes folded ventrally upon itself Three pairs of swellings appear on the amniotic side of the germinal band, the beginnings of the three pairs of legs. In front of these (in this stage of development, nearer the posterior pole of the egg) three similar pairs of swellings soon appear, which will be the two pairs of maxillae and the mandibles (fig. 33D). The length of these swellings decreases from behind forwards. As soon as these swellings are clearly recognizable, two distinct layers can be seen to be form- ing in each — an outer, skin layer and an inner, nerve-muscle layer ; each layer of each swelling is continuous with the similar layer of the swelling in front and behind. As they increase in length, the swellings are directed towards the hind end of the embryo. Soon after the formation of the mandibular swellings, a similar antennal pair appear in front of them, and in front of the antennae a single, median, unjmired swelling, the front- Jiead (Vorderkopf). Antennae and front-head show the same two layers as the other extremities. Behind the front head an invagination takes place — the beginning of the fore-gut. The front-head eventually gives rise to the clypeus and the labrum, and fuses with the lateral lobes which form the remainder of the head, excepting, of course, the mouth-parts. The embryo now stretches itself so that the lateral lobes, instead of lying near the ventral surface of the egg, approach its posterior * The aiunion is the viscerales Blatt of Brandt, and the serosa is his parietales Blatt. TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (25) AUGUST, 1893. 194 PHILIP p. CALVERT. pole. Up to this period the embryo has occupied a reverse position to that in which it is found in later embryonic life. Its head end has been much nearer the posterior than the anterior egg pole, and its hind end nearer the anterior pole, Avhile the appendages have been directed towards the dorsal egg surface Cfig. 33E). The man- ner in which it changes its position will now be described. Near the point where the amnion cavity was closed by the growth of the serosa, the amnion and serosa fuse together. The fused part tears. The torn right and left halves adhere to the dorsal egg sur- face. By contractions of the serosa, the yolk substance is drawn towards the anterior egg-pole, and this in turn forces the embryo, head first, through the rent. When this turning out is completed, the embryo lies with its head near the anterior pole, the appendages towards the ventral egg-surface, and the hind end of the abdomen, which is still folded ventrally on itself, towards the posterior pole. The ventral egg-surface, which was at first almost straight, is now also convex, owing to the increase in size of the egg-contents. The mandibles and first maxillie lie transversely, the other appendages are directed backwards and somewhat towards the median line. The hind end of the abdomen bears three pieces, the beginnings of the tracheal gills, which conceal between them an invagination, which is the commencement of the hind-gut (fig. 34). Brandt has given no detailed account of the remaining phenomena of embryonic development. He merely mentions that the segmen- tation of the body becomes more distinct, the appendages become jointed, teeth appear on the mandibles, the second maxillag unite alono- their inner edges, the eyes appear, the cuticle becomes light brown, the yolk gradually disappears from the outside of the ger- minal band, its remainder being visible in the mid-gut. When the embryo has reached its final position in the egg, the germinal band forms merely the ventral surface, the appendages and the greater part of the head of the embryo. The dorsal and much of the lateral parts of the thorax and abdomen are represented solely by amnion and serosa enclosing the remaining yolk in a sack. It is considered probable by Korschelt and Heider (18, p. 803), that the serosa part of this sack thickens, is invaginated into the yolk filling the sack, becomes constricted off, that its cells break up and mingle with the yolk, and that the walls of the yolk-sac are then furnished by the amnion alone. Whether the amnion is converted into the definite dorsal body-wall, or whether this is formed by lateral up- NORTH AMERICAN ODONATA. 195 growths of the germinal band is unknown. No account exists of the formation of the endoderm and mesoderm, or of the internal organs. THE NYMPH. The term nymph is here used to denote that stage of Odonate ex- istence between the egg and the transforn;ation into the imago. The length of time which elapses between the hatching of the egg and imagination (nymphal period), and the number of moults during that period, have not apparently been recorded for any species. It seems probable that the time extends over a considerable number of months, at least in the larger species, and that moulting occurs many times. The nympli of Anax JMni?. ^ I 0 CC OOOOOlMiMQO 1 S tH O oo I "^ c S 00»MOCO-fl>05 S "5 ti; ;5 1 ss ^^ Cu ^^^ r^Nt> 1 S 1 3 < 1 rjmowoog 1 ^ aS^g^'asg 9E 1 cj S 1 "3 53 "3 O Our cC' '^ 05 X to O CO rH in ^ . 00 le o ^3 CO lO M 1 to O 1 "* 1 ° El j5 -^- " 1 '^ . oosinoiON * 1 - c eS ■ft o Qh . r-1 O t- O r-l CO 1(5 0 ^ ^ . t^ OJ --O O to IM t- 0, r-llO C^ rHi-H aO 1 *"" ^ _^ W n OO 0 1 ^~* ^ 0 _2 "S 1 "a a" OO S 1-1 o oo cow* 6 1 ° oo 1 ^^ I 5 0 1 '^" . to •* e-i fj t~ t^ c 1 ^ H o ;^ . r^ i^ C5 1> in t! 'S 1 in a .2 "3 oo M o o e>i o CI •* N 1 ® "8 cu O d3Sg*S?SS 1 S o . c5 ;?; 5 0 03 rH to t^t- 1 ■* ^ 6 '^ ^ 00 GC in CO rH c 1 s; "5 .2 3 o Ok OS 00 oco CO cog 1 £ '5. o ^ CrH . to 05 o 00 CO iM e- 1 P 0 3 O 33 c^ ! !» o o in ■* OS ■«■ •- § H 25 — £8 1 c d s h ^ c a g ^ K i = § 8 : •^ ^ 2 ■— '^ 3; "z ■— ^ 0 o ■5 bi 5 c « 0 = H S 0 .2 _= "2 !2 w 5 flu""" "2 W i = ■« ■^ .2 -s .= ^ 0) rs, .- ^ ^ 1^ 03 .- C o c3 03 3 n1 T3 » !i^ s c3 . 2 iT i: bC — S == si b« ^ j3 ^ •= 5 S o = .2 2 ■^S :>, ^ ■£ ^ aj ^ t»-t •» -3 H c S S D ^ "-5 5j 3 - ? 3 C! o J, a o « S 5 H "^ .2 s ^ s •^ "= "C <_ |03^ X — = •:? aj I 3 !S ^ 7 o a .2 = u " f K 2 « cS -C £ S 2? a S- o S = £ 2 .2 ■5 a s NORTH AMERICAN ODONATA. 209 The Calopterygiuse are most abundant in the Neotropical and Oriental prov- inces, hut the most widely distributed genus is Calopteryx, which "is Palaearctic and Nearctic. None of this subfamily are Polynesian. The Agriouinse are cosmopolitan ; the genera Lestes and Ischnura are world- wide, Argia is of both Americas and the Kurile Islands, Agrion is Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental, Pseudagrion and Disparoneura are of the Old World from West Africa to Australia and Borneo, and the most widely distributed species is Enallagma cyathigerum of the upper parts of Europe, Asia and North America. No Gomphiufe are Polynesian. Gomphus occurs throughout the northern hemisphere. The Cordulegasterinse are Neotropical, Nearctic, Palaearctic and Oriental. Cordulegaster ranges through the northern hemisphere. The Aeschninse and two genera thereof, Anaz and Aeschna, are cosmopolitan. Gynacanthn is of the tropical and subtropical regions around the globe. The Cordulinse and Libellulinse are world-wide. Of the former Somatochlora extends throughout the cooler parts of the northern hemisphere. Among the latter are Pantala flavescens, the most widely distributed species of Odonata, being found in America. Asia, Africa and the Pacific (see Part II); Orthetrum. of all parts of the Old World, 0. sabina ranging from the Fijis to the Cameroons; Li- bellula quadrimaculata and Diplax scotica of the upper parts of the northern hemisphere ; and Crocothemis erythrsea of Southern Asia, Europe and Africa. GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION. Fossil remains of Odonata have been found as far down as the Lower Lias in Enghuid and Germany, although two fragments of wings from the Devonian of New Brunswick and named by Scudder Platephemera antiqua and Gerepheviera siviplex, really belong to the Odonata according to Hagen (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. viii, pp. 276, 277). According to Kirby (35) the beds which have yielded them are in England the Lower Lias of Strenshara, Binton and Cheltenham, the Upper Lias of Dutuble- tou, the Purbeck of Swanage and the Vale of Wardour; in France the Eocene of Provence and the Miocene of Auvergue; in Germany the Lower Lias of Schambelen, the lithographic slates (Oolite) of Solenhofen, Eichstatt and Pap- penheim. and the Miocene of Oeningen, Schossnitz, the Brown coal of Rott and Sieblos, the amber of East Prussia; in Italy, the Eocene of Monte Bolca; in Ooatia, the Ollgocene of Eadoboj ; in the United Slates the Eocene of the Green River shales of Wyoming, and the Oligocene of Florissant and Roan Mountains, Colorado; in Queensland, the Cretaceous. The Calopteryginje are represented in the lithographic slates by the living genus Euphea and the extinct Isophlebia and Tarsophlebia. Of the Agrion inte are the living genera Agrion (Solenhofen, Florissant, Amber, etc.), Megapodagriou (Green River), Trichocnemis (Florissant), and Lesfes (Radaboj, Oeningen, Sieblos) and the extinct Dysagrion (Green River), Lithagrion (Florissant) and Agrionidium (English lower Purbeck). Belonging to the Gomphinse are the living Gomphus (Vale of Wardour, Amber), Gomphoides (Dumbleton, AmberJ, Minus (Rott) Uropetala (lithographic slate) and Petalura (id., Sieblos), and the extinct Prnto- lindenia, !?tenophlebia, Cymatophlebia (all lithographic stone), Heterophlebia {English TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (27) AUGUST. 1893. 210 PHILIP P. CALVERT. Lias, lithographic stone, Sieblos) and Stenogomphns (Roan Mountain). Cordule- gaster occurs in the lithographic stone. Anax (Radoboj) and Aeschna (Scham- belen, lithographic stone, Wardoiir, Queensland Cretaceous, Florissant, Oeningen, Rott) are living Aeschninse. Radoboj and Monte Bolca have yielded the living Cordtdia. Lastly, for the Libellulinse are the extinct Aeschnidium (Swanage. lithographic stone) and Libellulium (Swanage, Wardour), and living " Libellula" (English Lower Lias, lithographic stone, Provence, Auvergne, Oeningen, Schoss- nitz, Rott). The oldest Odouate remains are therefore of the Gomphinaj, x\esch- niii£e and Libellulinse from the Lower Lias. The Calopteryginse, Agrioninae and Cordulegasterinse are first found in the Oolite. The oldest known Cordulinse are of Eocene age. The value of this paleontological evidence will be discussed later. 4. Relationships of the Odonata. relationships to other insects. The insects to which the Odonata are most nearly related, are the Ephemerina and the Perlina. All three groups, besides passing through an incomplete transformation, agree in the possession of three ocelli, numerous Malpighian tubules, and of aquatic nymphs which breathe by tracheal-gills. The Odonata and the Ephemerina constitute the Subulicornia of Latreille, by reason of their short, subulate (awl-shaped) antennse; other agreements are the relatively small size of the prothorax to the other thoracic segments in the imago, but not in the nymph, and the absence of a part which may be closed as a fan in the hind wings — characters which are the opposite of those of the Perlina. The three terminal jointed setse of the Ephemerine nymphs, clothed with short bristles, recall the three caudal, though jointless,* tracheal- gills of the nymphs of the Zygoptera, which at hatching are setiform and sparsely hairy, and in the Calopterygine genus Euphcea, remain setiform and hairy for at least the apical half of their length. The nymphs of Euphcea also have a lateral gill on each side of abdominal seo-ments 1-8, another resemblance to the Ephemerine nym})hs in which such gills exist on 1-7. But in almost all other respects the Ephemerina differ from the Odonata in that their imagos have their mouth-parts more or less atrophied and functionless, the tarsi four- or five-jointed, the wings of unequal length, the venation different, the terminal abdominal appendages (setse) jointed, and want the characteristic separated accessory genital organs of the male Odonata. *- Nymphs of Lestes show traces of an articulated structure in the stems of the caudal tracheal-gills. NORTH AMERICAN ODONATA. 211 With the Perlina the Odonata have little more in common than as stated above ; however, the former have three-jointed tarsi and the mouth-parts function as biting organs, although in structure they are quite different from those of the Odonata ; the Perlina have eight pairs of abdominal ganglia. While, therefore, the Odonata are more nearly related to the Ephemerina, the differences separating the two groups are still con- siderable. As the common ancestral forru of the Perlina, Ephemerina and Odonata, Mayer suggested the ProtampMbion characterized by having eleven free abdom- inal segments, prothorax freely movable, head fixed, biting mouth-parts, wings equal, three ocelli, tarsi five-jointed, three thoracic and seven abdominal ganglia, 20-50 Malpighian tubules, no ovipositor (legescheide) ; development with inter- nal germinal band, larva with three pairs of legs, similar to the imago (Jen. Zeit. Naturw. x, p. 202, 1876). The Odonata also possess primitive Insectan features in that the embryo is developed from an invaginated germinal band, recalling the manner of development of the Myriapods (Korschelt and Heider 18), and in the preservation throughout life of ten distinct abdominal segments with a terminal anal segment — a number which appears to be constant for the early embryonic stages of all insects. RELATIONSHIPS OF THE ODONATE GROUPS TO EACH OTHER. The writer's view of the relationship of the subfamilies of the Odonata to each other may be best expressed by the accompanying diagram, in which the Calopteryginse are represented as the most Cordulinfe Libellulinae Goraphiiia Cordulegasterinse Ae.schninae Agrioniiiae -Calopteryginie primitive and least specialized. That at least some Calopteryginii? are less specialized than all the other Odonata, or in other words differ less from other Insects, seems to be indicated by the simulta- TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. AUGUST. 1893, 212 PHILIP p. CALVERT. neons possession of the following structural features: for the imago, the relatively less extent of the eyes, the less degree of fusion shown in the labium, the completeness of the first lateral thoracic suture (i. e. a less intimate union of meso- and nietathorax), and the dis- tinctness of meso- and metathoracic ganglia ; for the nymph, a greater resemblance to Ephemerine nymphs by the possession of three, origi- nally setiform, caudal tracheal-gills, and of lateral abdominal tra- cheal-gills {Euphcea). If this starting point be accepted, the Agrioninse, admittedly the nearest allies of the Calopteryginae, form a group having no relation- ship to the other subfamilies save by a common descent from Calop- terygine ancestors. Approaches to connecting forms between the two groups are furnished, as De Selys (40) long ago suggested, by the exotic Calopteryginse Amphipteryx and Micromerus. Of the Agrioninre, the legion Lestes stands nearest the Calopteryginje by the point of origin of its subnodal and median sectors. The legion Agrion is the most specialized of its subfamily ; of its genera, Argia is probably the oldest phylogenetically, and the line of descent from it may run through Agrion, Enallagma or Nehalennia, and Ischnura to Anomalagrion. With such a phylogenetic series the views of Kolbe (3) agree — that the male appendages, which are the essential supports in copulation, gradually lose their relative size; that to supply this deficiency emarginations and lobes are formed on the hind margin of the prothorax of the female, and that in accommo- dation to the shape of this last, the tenth segment of the male be- comes emarginated or provided with bifid processes. Of living Anisoptera, the Gomphinie of the legion Petalura of Selys most nearly approach the Calopteryginse in that they have the eyes separated, the median lobe of the labium bifid, the vulvar laminte formed as an ovipositor and with genital valves. We know nothing of their nymphs. There are but four living genera, viz. : Petalura with one species from Australia, Uropetala with one species from New Zealand, Tachopteryx with two species from the United States and one from Japan, and Fhenes with one species from Chili. Four fossil species have been referred to Uropetala and three to Petalura (Kirby 35). Derived from Petaluroid forms, three lines of descent may be con- ceived. One of these is that of the Aeschninse which preserve the ovipositor, the genital valves and the distinctness of meso- and meta- thoracic ganglia, but in which the median labial lobe is entire, the NORTH AMERICAN ODONATA. 213 eyes are united on the top of the head, and the abdomen develops lateral longitudinal carina ; here are the most powerful in flight of all Odonata. As a second line from the Petaluroid forms, come the Cordulegas- terinse ;* here the median lobe of the labium remains cleft, the eyes, although often meeting dorsally, do so only in a single point, but the genital valves disappear. Thirdly are the bulk of the Gomphinse which ultimately have the median labial lobe entire, lose the genital valves and the ovipositor, have the meso- and metathoracic ganglia united, but preserve the primitive characters of separated eyes and absence of lateral ab- dominal carinpe. From some point along the Gomphine line, the Libellulida3 can be conceived as having arisen. From Gomphine ancestors they in- herited the absence of an ovipositor, and perhaps the union of the last two thoracic ganglia ; the eyes meet upon the top of the head, the labium loses all trace of the bifid (bilateral) character of the median lobe, which is quite small as compared with the lateral lobes ; a change takes place in the venation of the wings, so that the triangle of the front wings is elongated in the direction of the short axis of the wing, and the triangle of the hind wings (in the more specialized genera) although retaining its direction of elongation, comes to lie with its inner side in the prolongation of the arculus ; and lateral carina appear on the abdomen. The relationship between the two subfamilies of the Libellulidse is not yet apparent; the most im- |)ortant systematic character separating them is a small tubercular projection present on the hind margin of the eyes of the Cordulinse. Perhaps we are to look upon such Corduline genera as Somatochlora as the most specialized of all the Odonata. The preceding view of the relationships of the various groups to each other is based entirely on morphological evidence. There is, apparently, only one im- portant morphological fact which is not in favor of regarding the Calopteryginse as the most primitive group, and that is that these dragonflies have an ovipositor, while neither the Perlina nor the Ephemerina possess such. For this reason Mayer regarded the Libellulidse as most approaching the hypothetical Protamphibiou, one of whose characters (see above) was "no ovipositor;" he consequently looked upon the Agrionidse on one hand and the Aeschnidse on the other, as derived from a Lib;ellulid stock. If the Protamphibion did not have an ovipos- itor, to look upon the Calopterygiufe as the writer does, means that the Gom- * Here and elsewhere throughout this paper the subfamily Cordulegasterinse is equivalent to the legion Cordulegaster of Selys alone, and not of the extent of the Division Cordulegasterina of Kirby (35). TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. AUGUST, 1893. 214 PHILIP p. CALVERT. phinse and Libellulinse have reverted to the far back aucestral peculiarity in this respect. On the other hand, to accept Mayer's view means that the ephem- erine appearance of the nymphs, the separation of the eyes, the cleft labium, the completeness of the first lateral thoracic suture, and the distinctness of the last two thoracic ganglia of the Calopteryginpe are all reversions. If the absence of an ovipositor really be of great importance, the Gomphinse ought to offer more primitive characters than the Libellulidse, but the view taken above seems the most satisfactory to the writer. No embryological evidence for the solution of the question exists as yet. The paleontological evidence, as already set forth, tells of the existence of Libellu- linse, Gomphina? and Aeschninae in the Lower Lias, and nothing of the Calop- terygiufe until the Oolite, but at the meeting of the Entomological Section of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, held May 25, 1893, at which the writer brought the matter up for discussion. Dr. S. H. Scudder expressed the opinion that the scantiness of fossil Odonata did not give weight to any negative arguments based on their non-discovery. The writer had written the above statement of his views of the phyiogeny of the Odonata before he had read the brief expressions of Kolbe and Redtenbacher tending to the same opinion. Kolbe (Berl. Ent. Zeit. xxviii, p. 393, 1884) says of the " Agrioninen" that they are of the lowest stage of Odonate organization by their separated eyes, prothorax still moderately large, almost equal wings, pterostigma differing rarely from the other cells, and external tracheal-gills in the larvffi. Redtenbacher writes " While it seems doubtful to me to look upon the Gomphidse as the oldest forms of the Odonata, I think that I recognize in the wing of Caloptery.c that form from which the wing-forms of the other Odonata are derived" (Ann. k. k. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, i, p. 167, 1886). Note on the Preservation of Specimens. For the ordinary systematic collection of dried Odonata, it is always advisable to insert in every specimen, when it is mounted a bristle, or a fine non-corrosive wire, beginning at the nasns and passing it through the entire length of the body, but not allowing it to project beyond the eleventh (anal) segment. This holds the various parts of the body together. The thickness of the bristle should conform to the size of the specimen. If it be desired to preserve the coloring of the body, it is of some advantage to make a longitudinal cut on the ventral surface of the abdomen and even the thorax, remove the contents, and insert a wad of cotton ; in doing so, the body wall must not be rubbed or scratched by the instruments employed. Some specimens of each species should always be preserved intact, as the cutting usually destroys or distorts some of the abdominal structures, which are of more importance for study than the colors. Nymphs and specimens for dissection may be preserved by killing them, or placing them immediately after death, in hot, but not boiling alcohol of 50 to 60 per cent, for three or four hours, then transferring them to (cold) alcohol of 75 to 80 per cent, in which they may be kept indefinitely. N. B. — The vessel containing the al- cohol to be heated must be placed in another vessel containing water and thus heated indirectly to avoid the danger of explosion. For methods of technique for histological purposes, recourse must be had to the histological papers quoted in the Bibliography. NORTH AMERICAN ODONATA. 215 BIBLIOGRAPHY. Skeleton. 1. Packard, A. S.— The Systematic position of the Orthoptera in relation to other orders of lusects. Third Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm. pp. 292-293, 329-333, pis. xlvii-1. 1883. 2. Gerstaecker. A.— Zur Morphologie der Orthoptera amphibiotica. Fest- schrift 100 jahr. Best. Gesell. Naturfor. Freuude Berlin, pp. 39-59, 1 pi., 1873 (concerns only the first and second maxillse). 3. Kolbe, H.— Ueber den Zweck der Appendices anales und der entsprech- enden vicariierenden Organe am Hinterleibsende der Libelluliden. IX Jahrsber. Westfal. Prov.-Ver. f. Wiss. und Kunst, pp. 52-56. 1881. See also Burmeister (32) and Eambur (33). Muscles. 4. Leiideiifeld, R. von, Der Plug der Libellen. Sitzungb. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Ixxxiii, pp. 289—376, taf. i-vii. 1881. 5. Poletaiew, K. — Du developpement des muscles d'ailes chez les Odonates. Horse Soc. Ent. Ross, xvi, pp. 10-37, pis. iv-viii. 1881. Alimentary Canal. 6. Dufour, L<. — Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur les Orthop- teres, les Hymenopteres et les Nevropteres. Mem. savants etrang. Acad. Sci. Paris, vii, pp. 567-578, pi. 11. 1841. 7. Faussek, V. — Beitriige zur Histologic des Darmkanals der Insecten. Zeit. Wiss. Zool. xlv, pp. 706-712. taf. xxxvi. 1887. 8. OriflStliS, A. B. — On the Msilpighi&nTnhules of Libelluladepressa. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. xv. pp. 401-403. 1888.* 9. Poletaiew, ]X.— Speicheldrusen bei den Odonaten. Horje Soc. Ent. Ross. xvi, pp. 3-6, pi. i. 1881. Respiration. 10. Barlow, W. F.— Observations on the Respiratory Movements of Insects- Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. 145, pp. 139-148. 1855. 11. Plateau, F. — Recherches Experimentales sur les Mouvemeuts Respira- toires des lusectes. Mem. Acad. Roy. Belg. xlv, pp. 111-123, pi. iv. 1884. Nervous System. 12. Blaiichard, F. — PI. 100 in Cuvier's Regne Animal. Les lusectes. Paris, Fortin, Masson et Cie. 2 vols. 8vo. 1836-1846. 13. Brandt, J. F. — Bemerkungen ueber die Mundmagen- oder Eingeweide- nerven (Nervussympatheticus seu Nervi reproductorii) der Evertebraten. Mem. Acad. St, Petersb. 1833, ii. French transl. Ann. Sci. Nat. (2) Zool. V, pp. 102-103, pi. V. 1836. * See also Scliiiidler, E. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Malpighi'schen Gefasse der Insecten. Zeit. Wiss. Zool. xxx, pp. 626-628. 1878. TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. AUGUST, 1893. 216 ' PHILIP p. CALVEKT. 14. Berger, K. — Uutersuchungeu ueber deu Bau des Gehirus uud der Eetina der Arthropodeu. Arbeit. Zool. Inst. Uuiv. Wien, 1878, ii heft, pp. 1- 48, taf. i-iv. 15. Flogel, J. H. F. — Ueber die einheitlichen Ban des Gehirns in den verscliiedenen Insecten-Ordnungeu. Zeit. Wiss. Zool. xxx, Supplem., pp. 583, 584, taf. xxiii. 1878. 16. Viallaiies. H. — Le ganglion optique de la Libellule {Aeschna maciilatis- sima). Ann. Sci. Nat. (6), xviii, pp. 1-34. pis. 14-16. 1884. Reproductive Organs. 17. Siebold, C T. von. — Ueber die Fortpflanzangsweise der Libellulinen Germar's Zeit. fiir die Ent. ii, 2 heft, pp. 421-438. 1840. See also Dufour (6). M. H. Rathke's De Libellarum partibus geuitalibus, Eegiomonti, 1832, has not been seen by the writer. Embryonic Development. 18. Brandt, A. — Beitrage zur Entwickelungsgeschichteder Libelluliden und Hemipteren mit besonderer Bervicksichtigung der Embryoualhiille derselben. Mem. Acad. Imper. Sci. St. Petersb. (7) xiii, 1, pp. 1-33, taf. i-iii. 1869. An abstract of the contents of this paper (but less extended than that in the text, ante) is given by F. M. Balfour in his Treatise on Comparative Embryology, London, Macmillan & Co., 1880, vol. i, p. 333, and by E. Korscheltand K. Heiderin their Lehrbuch der vergleichendeu Entwicklungsgeschichle der wirbellosen Thiere, 2 heft, pp. 774 et seq., 1891. 19. Pacltarcl. A. S. — On the Development of a Diagontly {Diplax) Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, xi, pp. 365-372. 1868. 20. Id. — Embryological Studies on Diplax, Perithemis and the Thysauurous genus Isostoma. Mem. Peabody Acad, i, 2, pp. 1-21, pis. i-iii. 1871 (not seen by the writer). Anatomy, etc., of the Nymph. 21. Ainans, P.— Eecherches anatoniiques et physiologiques sur la larve de VAeschna grancUs. Rev. Montpellier (3) i, pp. 63-74, pi. ii. 1881 (not seen by the writer). 22. BellesHie, J. de, Phenomenes qui accompagueut la metamorphose chez la Libellule deprimee. Compte Rendu, Acad. Sci. Paris, Ixxxv, pp. 443- 450. 1877. 23. Chatin, J.— Sur I'origine et la formation du revetement chitiueux chez les larves de Libellules; I. c. cxiv, pp. 1135-1138. 1892. 24. Claparede, E.--Zur Morphologic der zusammengesetzten Augen bei den Arthropoden. Zeit. Wiss. Zool. x, p. 204 et seq. taf. xiv. 1859. 25. Dewitz, H.— Einige Beobachtungen, betreffend das geschlossene Tra- cheensystem bei Insectenlarven. Zool. Anz. xiii, pp. .500-504, 525-531. 1890. 26. Dufonr, Li.— Etudes Anatomiques et Physiologiques et Observations sur les larves des Libellules. Ann. Sci. Nat. (3) xvii, pp. 65-110. pis. 3-5. 1852. See Hagen 51. 27. Hagen, H. A. — Beitragzur KenntnissdesTracheensystemsder Libellen- Larven. Zool. Anz. iii, pp. 157-161. 1880. -VORTH AMERICAN ODONATA. 217 28. Oustalet, M. K. — Note sur la Respiration cliez les Nymiihes des Libel- lules. Ann. Sci. Nat. (5) xi, pp. 370-386, pis, 10-12. 1869. 29. Polelaiew, O. — Quelques mots sur les organes respiratoires des larves des Odonates. Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 3V. pp. 436-452, pis. xix, xx. 1880. 30. Roster, I>. A. — Contrihuto all' anatomia ed alia biologia degli Odoiiati. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. xvii, pp. 256-268, tav. iii, iv. 1885. 31. Viallaiies, H. — Anatomie et dissection de la larve de Libellule. Feuill. Nat. xiv, pp. 81-87, pi. ii. 1884 (not seen l)y the writer). Classification (with especial reference to North America). 32. Burinei.ster, 11. — Handbuch der Entomologie. Berlin, vols. I-V, 1832- 1855, the first published by Reimer, the others by Enslin. Vol. I Insecta * in general. Vol. II, pp. 805-862, Odonata. 33. Rainbiir, P. — Nevropteres in Suites a Buffon, Histoire Naturelle des In- seetes. Paris, Roret, 1842. 34. Brauer, F.--Verzeichniss der bis jetzt bekanuten Neuroptereu im Sinne Liniie's. Verhd. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xviii, pp. 359-416. 711-742. 1868. .35. Kirby, W. F. — A Synonymic Catalogue of Neuroptera Odonata, or Drag- on flies. With an Appendix of Fossil Species. London, Gurney & Jackson. 1890. 36. Hagen, H. A.— Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America with a list of the South American species. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Washington, 1861. Pp. 55-187. 37. I«l. — Synopsis of the Odonata of America. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, xviii, pp. 20-96. 1875 (omits the Agrioninje). 38. Banks, I¥. — A Synopsis, Catalogue and Bibliography of the Neuropteroid Insects of Temperate North America. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xix, pp. 327-373. 1893. -39. Selys-I^oiigchainpw, E. «le.— Synopsis des Calopterygines. Annexe aux Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles, pp. 3-73. 1853. Four additions thereto : 1. Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. (2) vii, pp. 437-451, 1859; 2. l. c. (2) xxvii, pp. 645-680. 1869: 3. 1. c. (2) xxxv, pp. 469-519, xxxvi, pp. 610-619, 1873; 4. I. c. (2) xlvii, pp. 349-409. 1879.® 40. Id. and Hageii, H. A.— Monographic des Calopterygines. Bruxelles et Leipzig. Muquardt. Paris, Roret. 1854. Pp. ix, 291, 14 pis. 41. Selys-LrOiigeliaiiips, E. «le.— Synopsis des Agrionines. Ire Legion : Pseudostignia. Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. (2) x, pp. 9-27, 1860. Derniere Legion : Protonevra, I. c. pp. 431-462, 1860. 2me Legion : Lestes, /. c. (2) xiii, pp. 288-338, 1862. 3rae Legion: Podagrion, I. c. (2) xiv, pp. 5- 44, 1862. 4me Legion: Platycneniis, I. c. (2) xvi, pp. 147-176, 1863. Snie Legion : Agrion, genre Argia, I. c. (2) xx, pp. 375-417, 1865; genre si jf i/ ' - .. Agrion, /. c. (2) xli, pp. 247-322, 496-539, 12.33=1309, xlii, pp. 490-531,' 9.52-991,1876; genres. Telebasis, Argiocnemis et Hemiphlebia, L c. (2) xliii, pp. 97-1.59. 1877.* Revision du Synopsis des Agrionines. Premiere Partie comprenant les legions Pseudostigma, Podagrion, Platycuemis et Protonevra. Mem. Cour. Acad. R. Belg. xxxviii, 4, pp. 1-233. 1886. *" All these are also published with separate paging by Hayez, Brussels. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (28) AUGUST. 1893. ^^ 218 PHILIP p. CALVERT. 42. Ifl. — Synopsis des Gompbines. Bull. Ac. Eoy. Brux. xxi, pt. ii, pp. 23-112, 1854. Four additions thereto : 1. I. c. (2) vii, pp. 530-552, 1859. 2. I. c. (2)'xxviii, pp. 168-208, 1869. 3. I. c. (2) xxxv, pp. 732-774, xxxvi, pp. 492-531, 1873. 4. I. c. (2) xlvi, pp. 408-471, 658-698, 1878.* 43. 1(1. and Hageii, H. A. — Monographic des Goraphines. Bruxelles et Leipzig, Muquardt. Paris, Roret. 1858. Pp. viii, 460; 23 pis. 44. Karscli, F.— Ueher Goinphiden. Ent. Nach. xvi, pp. 370-382. 1890. 45 I«I. — Kritik des Systems der Aeschniden. I. c. xvii, pp. 273-290. 1891. 46. Selys-Loiigcliaiiips, E. de.— Synopsis des Aeschnines. Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. (3) v, pp. 712-748. 1883.* 47. Id.— Synopsis des Cordulines. Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. (2) xxxi, pp. 238-316, 519-565, 1871. Two additions thereto: 1. I. c. (2) xxxvii, pp. 16-34, 1874. 2. I. c. (2) xlv, pp. 183-222. 1878.* 48. Karsch, F. — Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Arten und Gattungen der Li- bellulinen. Berl. Ent. Zeit. xxxiii, pp. 347-392, 1890. 49. Kirby, W. F. — A Revision of the Subfamily Libellulinfe, with descrip- tions of new Genera and Species. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii, pp. 249- 348, pis. li-lvii. 1889. ^0. Cabot, Li. — The Immature State of the Odonata. Parti. Subfamily Gom- phina. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambr. ii, 5, pp. 1-17, pis. i-iii, 1872. Part II. Subfamily Aeschuiua, I. c. viii, 1, pp. 1-40, pis. i-v, 1881. Part III. Subfamily Cordulina, I. c. xvii, 1, pp. 1-50, pis. i-vi, 3890. 51. Hagen, H. A.— Leon Dufour ueber die Larven der Libellen mit Beriick- sichtigung der friiheren Arbeiten. Stet. Eut. Zeit. xiv, pp. 98-106, 237- 238, 260-270, 311-325, 334-346. 1853. 52. Id. — Essai d'un Synopsis des Larves de Calopterygines. Compte Rendu, Soc. Ent. Belg. xxiii, pp. Ixv-lxvii. 1880. .53. Id. — Monograph of the earlier stages of the Odonata. Subfamilies Gom- phiua and Cordulegastrina. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xii, pp. 249-291. 1885. For a bibliography by Beutenmiiller on the nymphs of the Odonata accord- ing to species, see 54, pp. 165-179. Economic. .54. Dragonflies us. Mosquitoes. Can the Mosquito pest be mitigated? Studies in the Life-history of Irritating Insects, their Natural Enemies, and Artificial Checks, by working Entomologists [viz. : Mrs. C. B. Aaron, A. C. Weeks, W. Beutenmiiller. Capt. C. N. B. Macauley, H. C. McCook, D.D.] With an introduction by R. H. Lamborn, Ph. D. New York : Appletous. 1890. * All these are also published with separate paging by Hayez, Brussels. NORTH AMKRICAN ODONATA. 219 X^.A.I^T II. CATALOGUE OF THE ODONATA OF THE VICINITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Characters of the Major Groups. SUBORDEK I. ZYGOPTERA.— Front and hind wings similar in shape or nearly so, usually elevated in repose; no menibranule ; with an unmodified quadrilateral. Males with two inferior, terminal, abdominal appendages, penis and its vesicle separate. Nymphs with three caudal tracheal-gills. Family 1. Agrionidj-:.— Head transversely elongated ; eyes separated from each other ; lateral lobes of the labium of two* joints, middle lobe bifid. Females with genital valves. Subfamily 1. Calopteryginx.— At least five, and usually more antecubitals. Subfamily 2. Aqrioninse. — Two, occasionally three, antecubitals, wings stalked at base, quadrilateral not cross-veined (except in the S. Amer. Anomisma). SUBORDER II. ANISOPTERA.— Wings dissimilar, hind wings usually broader at base ; horizontal in repose ; usually with a membranule ; quadrilateral modified to form a cardinal cell (triangle) and a supratriangle. Males with one inferior, terminal, abdominal appendage, penis and its vesicle connected. Nymphs without caudal tracheal-gills. Family 2. Aeschnid^e.— Triangles of front and hind wings of similar shape (except in some Gomphinfe). Antecubitals of first and second series not coincident, except the first and one other (the latter is variable in posi- tion), which two are thicker than their fellows. Postcubitals in the entire second series. Lateral lobes of the labium of two® joints. Males often with auricles on 2, and the anal margin of the hind wings excavated. Subfamily 3. Gomphinse. — Head transversely elongated, eyes separated. Ab- domen without lateral cariuse. Females without genital valves (except in the legion Petalura). Subfamily A. Cordulegasterinae.—'H.eaA transversely elongated, eyes a little separated, or meeting in a single point dorsally. Abdomen without lateral carinje. Females without genital valves. Subfamily 5. Aeschni7ix.—H.iiai globose, eyes meeting on the top of the head for a space. Abdomen with lateral carinse. Females with genital valves. Family 3. Libellulid.e — Triangle of front wings with its long axis at right angles to the length of the wing, triangle of hind wings with its long axis coinciding with that of the wing. Antecubitals of first and second series mostly coincident. No postcubitals in the nodal end of the second series. Lateral lobes of the labium of onef joint. Head globose, eyes meeting on the top of the head. Abdomen with lateral carinse. Females without genital valves. * 1. e. II and tp of fig. 7, pi. II. t I- e. U of fig. 7, pi. II. TRANS. AM. F.NT. SOC. XX. AUGUST. 1893. 220 PHILIP p. CALVERT. Subfamily 6. Cordulinx. — Hind margin of eyes produced as a small tubercle. Usually a small bundle of fine hairs ou the distal anterior surface of the first femora. Males with auricles on 2, anal margin of hind wings ex- cavated, distal end of first tibife with an inferior carina. Subfamily 7. LibeUulinai. — Hind margin of eyes not produced as a small tu- bercle, or with a mere trace of such. Males without auricles on 2, anal margin of hind wings not excavated. Characters of the Genera (imagos only). Subfamily 1. CALOPTERYGIN^. Legion Calopteryx Selys. — Sectors of the arculus arising from below its middle, antecubitals of first and second series nearly equal in number, quadri- lateral as long as the basilar space, pterostigma absent or of one to several cells. Epistoma not projecting as much as the length of the eyes. Basilar space free, arculus broken, an inferior branch to the lower sector of the triangler quadrilateral straight;" % superior appendages forcipated,-" no pterostigma ; 9 pterostigma absent or present 1. Calo|>teryx. Basilar space cross-veined, arculus not broken, no inferior branch to the lower sector of the triangle ^ % wings with a basal red spot, cells of postcostal space ou front wings irregular.. 2. Hetseriiia. Subfamily 2. AGEIONIN^. /. Legion Lestes Selys. — Median and subuodal sectors parting from the principal sector much nearer the arculus than the nodus; % superior appendages forcipated. Nodal sector parting from the principal 3-5 cells after the nodus ; supplemen- tary sectors between the subnodal and the median, and the median and the short and other sectors; hind margin of the prothorax rounded, entire; pterostigma 3-4 times as long as broad 3. Lestes. II. Legion Agrion Selys. — Median and subnodal sectors parting from the principal near the nodus; quadrilateral trapezoidal, upper side shorter than the lower, lower external angle acute ; no supplementary sectors except the ultra-nodal ; lower sector of the triangle extending to the hind margin of the wing; pterostigma of but one cell. Hairs of thetibife about twice as long as the intervals between them ; a single row of postcostal cells; arculus complete, lying in the prolongation of the second antecubital ; tarsal nails toothed, tooth shorter than the nail proper 4. Argia. Hairs of the tibire never twice as long as, but generally shorter than, the in- tervals between them; otherwise as in Argia. (In all the following genera the postcostal vein separates from the hind margin in front of the basal postcostal cross-vein.) A. 9 with no apical ventral spine on 8. Pterostigma similar ou front and hind wings. No pale postocular spots ; color brown and blue or yellow:< l . .,^ /^ n-i., » -ji^, 5. Ery^thromma. Pale postocular spots or line present; color metallic, similar in % and 9; abdomen extremely slender 6. Kehaleniiia. NORTH AMERICAN ODONATA. 221 B. 9 with an apical ventral spine on 8. No pale postocular spots. Pterostigma similar on front and hind wings; color red; % with no bifid process on dorsum of 10 7. Aiiipliiagrioii. A pale (postocular) spot behind each eye. Pterostigma of % similar in color on front and hind wings, no dorsal bifid process on 10 (except in E. exsnlans %). Nodal sector ( 'J, 9 ) arising near 5th postcubital on front wings, 4th on hind wings, or more remote 8. EuHllagnia. Pterostigma of % dissimilar in color on front and hind wings, 10 with a dorsal process ( % ) bifid at its apex. Pterostigma of % touching the costa on front wings, darker than on hind wings. Front wings ( '^ 9 ) with usually more than 7 postcu- bitals. (The species included in this catalogue have the nodal sector usually arising at the 4th postcubital on the front wings, at the 3rd on the hind wings; this aids in distinguishing from Enallagma.) 9. Ischnura. Pterostigma of % not touching the costa on the front wings. Front wings ( 'J) 9 ) with usually, but not always, less than 7 postcubitals. Nodal sector arising not farther than the 4th postcubital. 10. Anomalagrion. Subfamily 3. GOMPHIN^. I. Median labial lobe bifid. Legion Petalura Selys.* — Basilar space free ; triangles of front wings crossed ; membranule very small ; 9 with genital valves. Triangle of front wings with the upper side longer than the inner, the outer longest; hair-like termination of antennae jointed; % superior appen- dages not more than twice as wide in front of apex as at base, inf. app. more than half as wide at base as long 11. Tachopteryx. II. Median labial lobe entire ; basilar space free. No genital valves. Legion Oomphoides Selys. — All or some of the triangles crossed ; membranule wanting, or very small. Feet long, hind femora reaching backwards to base of 3; discoidal triangles crossed, internals and supratriangular spaces free; abdomen blackish, with a dorsal yellow stripe 12. Hageiiius. Legion Gomphus Se\js. — All the triangles and the supratriangular spaces free; membranule wanting, or very small. % . Inferior appendage bifid, its branches almost contiguous. 10 Considerably shorter than 9. % inf. app. bifid in its apical half, blanches straight, upcurved at apex. 9 • Vulvar lamina nearly as long as 9 (except in the European 0. serpentinus), divided into two narrow, quite long, parallel, almost contiguous branches, pointed at their apices. 13. Ophiogoiuphus. * It may hereafter be necessary to regard this as representing a distinct sub- family— the Petal uriuaj. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. AUGUST, 1893. 222 PHILIP p. CALVERT. %. Inferior appendage bifid, its branches divergent; superior appendages at most but little longer than 10, their divergence but little different in width from that of the branches of the inferior ; lateral margins of 8 not dilated into membranous appendages; 2nd joint of penis usually with a tooth ; a salient anal angle. 9 . Vulvar lamina at most hardly longer than half of 9. 10 considerably shorter than 9 (% J ). Third femora moderate (when extended backwards reaching no farther than the middle of 2). all the spines short, numerous 14. OoilipllUS. Third femora long (when extended backwards reaching to base of 3), with an antero-inferior row of 5-7 spines which are considerably longer than the more numerous short spines 15. Dromogoniphus. Subfamily 4. COKDULEGASTERIN^. Frons not elevated as high as the occiput, wings not spotted. % with auricles on 2 16. Cortlulegaster. Subfamily 5. AESCHNIN^. I. Upper piece of the arculus equal to or longer than the lower piece, its upper sector arising a short distance above the lower sector, being separated from the latter by a distance i-J of that separating the upper sector from the median nerve. % hind wings with anal triangle, distinct anal angle, auricles on 2. Supplementary sector between the subnodal and median sectors curved at its middle towards the former or its posterior fork to be almost parallel, and separated by 1-2 (rarely 3) rows of cells. Subnodal sector forked at its extremity. Subcostal vein not prolonged beyond the nodus; basilar space free; pter- ostigma long, narrow; median space with at least 2 cross-veins in addi- tion to that forming the internal triangle; two rows of cells between subnodal sector and the supplementary sector next below it. % anal triangle of 3 cells 17. Episesclina. Subnodal sector not forked or branched. Basilar and supra-triangular spaces cross-veined. ..18. Foiiscoloiiibia. Basilar and supra-triangular spaces free 19. Gotnplife!i<»cIina. Supplementary sector between the subnodal and median sectors curved at its middle away from the former or its posterior branch, with 3-7 rows of cells between them at that place. .Subnodal sector forked or with several small branches; suture between the eyes short or moderately long (i. e. not longer than combined length of vertex and frons measured on mid-dorsal line); subcosta not piolonged beyond the nodus 20 Aescliii«. II. Upper piece of the arculus shorter than the lower piece, its upper sector arising close to the median vein (midway between the latter and the lower sector). % hind wings without anal triangle, anal angle rounded off, no auricles on 2. External branch of lower sector of the triangle in hind wings approaching the upper sector for its apical half, being parallel to it and separated liy one row of cells; 4 ( 'J, ) or 5 ( 9 )--10 usually with a supplementary lateral carina above the usual one 21. Aiiax. NORTH AMERICAN ODONATA. 223 Subfamily 6. COEDULIN^E. I. Legion Macromia Selys. — Supra-triangular space crossed ; triangle of the front wings regular, with the anterior side unbroken ; membrannle large ; sectors of the arculus more or less united at their origins. Basilar space free; inner side of triangle of hind wings farther from the base than the arculus; two posttriangular rows (rarely one) on the front wings. Eyes touching for hardly more than a point ; occiput quite prominent on the dorsal surface of the head and considerably larger than the vertex ; distance from nodus to pterostigma on costal border of front wings more than half as long as from base to nodus; all triangles free. 22. nidyinops. Eyes touching for a short dsitance ; occiput inconspicuous and much smaller than the vertex ; triangles crossed or free 23. Iflacroniia. II. Legion Cordulia Selys. — Supratriangular space free; sectors of the arculus almost always separate at their origins. Triangle of the front wings regular, anterior side unbroken ; membranule moderate or large. Wings with dark spots at base, apex and frequently at nodus; triangle of hind wings crossed ; abdomen slightly depressed, longer than hind wings ; one cross-vein immediately beneatTi the pterostigma. 9 • Vulvar lamina almost as long as 9, deeply bilobed 24. Epicordulia. Hind wings with some black at base; triangle of hind wings free; abdo- men depressed, as long as, or a little shorter than hind wings; one cross- vein immediately beneath the pterostigma. J ■ Vulvar lamina at least as long as 9, deeply bilobed 25. TetragoneurJa. Wings with small dark spots at base and along front margin; triangle of hind wings crossed or free; abdomen usually longer than hind wings; two cross-veins immediately beneath the pterostigma. J. Vulvar lamina not more than half as long as 9, divided into two divaricate, triangular plates 26. Neurocordulia. Wings without dark spots ; triangle of hind wings crossed or free ; colors metallic 27. Soinatochlora. Subfamily 7. LIBELLULIN^. I. Lower angle of triangle of front wings placed as far beyond the level of the outer angle of the triangle of the hind wings, as the latter triangle is long; eyes connected for a space at most not much greater than the thickness of the vertex; no antenodal concavity on front margin of wings. Ab. seg. 3 and 4 with two additional transverse carinse, 5 with one ; nodal sector waved 28. Paulala. Ab. seg. 3 and 4 with one additional transverse carina, 5 with none; sectors of the arculus arising from a common stalk; triangle of front win^s crossed, nodal sector not waved or broken 29. Traiuea. II. Lower angle of triangle of front wings placed on a level with the outer angle of the triangle of the hind wings, or only a little beyond it ; tarsal nails toothed ; otherwise as in (I). TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. AUGUST, 1893. 224 PHILIP p. CALVERT. Hind ]ol)e of the prothorax with its middle portion produced upwards and backwards and narrower than the other lobes, its hind margin usually entire; triangle not densely reticulated. Sectors of the arculus in the front wings not arising by a common stalk ; nodal sector distinctly waved in its middle: front wings with supra- triangulars, 11 or more antecubitals, 8 or more postcubitals. % with no ventral hooks on 1 ; 9 with third tibiae at least a little longer than third femora 30. L.ibellula. % with a pair of ventral hooks on 1 ; f with third tibife as long as third femora 31. Platlifiiiis. Sectors of the arculus in front wings arising by a common stalk. Anterior side of triangle of front wings not broken to form a trapezium ; last antenodal on front wings not continued to the median vein ; lower sector of the triangle in hitid wings arising from the hind angle, the upper from the outer side of the triangle. 32. Micratliyria. Anterior side of triangle of front wings broken to form a trapezium, the outer broken piece shorter than the inner; no supratriangulars; hind wings with no internal triangle 33. jVaiiiiOtiieiliis. Hind lobe of the prothorax erect, wider than the other lobes, its hind margin usually bilobed. Both sectors of the triangle in the hind wings arising from its hind angle; nodal sector not waved in its middle. Abdomen at least fairly slender, compressed at base; if depressed it is so in a special widening of the anteapical segments; hamute of % bifid. Pterostigma at least four times as long as wide : vertex truncated at tip : front wings with 7-10 antecubitals, the last one variable; hind wings with at least two dark brown basal patches, one in front of the other, and separated by a clear yellow space, the front one reaching forwards to the submedian vein ; 3-7 black with a mid- dorsal, maculate, yellow band 34. C'elitliemis. Pterostigma at most twice as long as wide; vertex rounded at tip; front wings with 6-8 antecubitals, the last one usually continued to the median vein; hind wings with a small basal black patch reaching forwards to the submedian vein : frons and nasus white; abdomen not widened at base and before apex 3.5 Ijeucorliiiiia. Pterostigma variable; vertex truncated at tip; front wings with 7-10 antecubitals, the last one rarely continued to the median vein ; ab- domen aud hind wings without the characteristic patterns of color- ing described for Celithemis iin(\ Leucorhinia 36. Diplax. Abdomen at least fairly stout, depressed, tapering to apex ; hamule of ^ not bifid ; front wings with last antecuhital not continued to the median vein ; 4 with an additional transverse carina. .37. Perillieiuis. Lower sector of the triangle in the hind wings aiising from its hind angle, the upper from its outer side; sectors of the arculus in the front wings arising by a common stalk; hamule of % bifid. NORTH AMKRIOAN ODONATA. 225 Last antecubital of front wings usually not continued to the median vein ; third tibiffi with the spines of the antero-inferior row few (5-7) and stout; abdomen stout, hardly as long as the hind wings. 38. Mesotheinis. Last antecubital on front wings continued to the median vein ; vertex truncated at tip ; front wings with not more than 7 antecnbitals. triangle crossed, 3 rows of posttriangular cells. .39. I'acliydiplax. Systematic Characters of Nymphs.* L Three caudal tracheal-gills (Zygoptera). Legion Calopteryx. — Basal joint of antennae thick, more than twice as long as the other six together. Median lobe of labium bifid. Front edge of median lobe of labium bifid to form a lozenge-shaped interval between, which extends basally beyond the level of the attacliment of the lateral lobes. Rear of head with a tooth each side. Median caudal gill flat, shorter than the other two...l. t'silopteryx (see fig. 8, pi. II.) Front margin of median lobe of labium bifid only as far basally as the level of the attachment of the lateral lobes. Abdominal segments with a lateral membrane whose margins are denticulated. Median caudal gill a little swollen at apex 2. Ketseriua. Subfamily Agrioninse. — Basal joint of antennae hardly longer than thick, much shorter than the second or the third. Lateral lobes of labium (excluding the terminal palp) deeply bilobed, median lobe barely bifid Legion Lestes. Lateral lobes of labium (excluding the terminal palp) not deeply bilobed, median lobe entire Legion Agrion. The veins on the wing-covers will assist in determining between these two legions as in the imagos. II. No caudal tracheal-gills (Anisoptera). Subfamily Gojrajj/iMia?.— Antennae 4-jointed, fourth joint rudimentary ; first and second tarsi 2-jointed ; labium flat, not covering the labrum or frons when closed. First legs less distant from each other at base than are the second legs. Ab- domen much less than twice as long as broad, very flat, almost circular when viewed from above. Third joint of antennae large, flat, circular. 12. Hageuius. First legs as distant from each other at base as are the second legs. Abdomen at least twice as long as broad. Middle third of front margin of median lobe of labium produced in a very short rounded lobe with pavement teeth and a comb of flat scales. 13. Oi>liiogoiU|>liu»t. Middle third of the same straight, or nearly so 14. Goiiipliiis. Subfamily Cordulegasterivse. — Antennae 7-jointed ; all tarsi 3-jointed ; labium spoon-shaped, covering labrum and frons when closed, teeth on the op- posed margin of the lateral lobes long, interlocking when closed so as to form a distinctly zigzag litie of union. Abdomen two to three times as long as broad. * Based on Cabot (50), Hagen (52, 53) and Garman "A Preliminary Rejiort on the Animals of the Waters of the Mississippi Bottoms," etc. Springfield, 111., State Printer, 1889. TKANS. AM. KNT. SOC. XX. (29) SEPTEMBER. 1893. 226 PHILIP p. CALVERT. Characters of the subfamily... 16. Corilulegaster. Sithfamily Aeschninx. — Antennae 6t7 jointed ; tarsi 3-jointed ; labium flat, not covering labrum or frons when closed. Antennae 6-jointed. Head broader than long; a lateral spine on 4-9, middle and inferior appen- dages of equal length*- 17. Epijescliiia. Antennae 7-jointed. Head broader than long. Hind dorsal margin of 9 concave. A lateral spine on 4-9, middle appendage sharply pointed. 18. Foiisc<»lonibia.t A lateral spine on 5-9, middle appendage bifid at tip. 19. Goniplisesclina.t Hind dorsal margin of 9 straight. Eyes more prominent at the fore corner; labium at rest extending back- wards to the second legs; a lateral spine on 4, 5 or 6-9. % projec- tion conical. 9 valves reaching apex of 9 20. Aeschna. Eyes more prominent In the middle; labium at rest extending back- wards beyond second legs; a lateral spine on 7-9; middle appendage notched at tip, laterals half as long. % projection cut at tip. 9 valves shorter than 9 21. Auax. Family Lihellulidx. — Antennae 7-jointed; tarsi 3-jointed; labium spoon-shaped, covering labrum and frons when closed. Some Libelluline nymphs closely resemble those of the Cordulegasterinae (q. v.), but may he distinguished by the teeth on the opposed margin of the lateral labial lobes being so short as to form an almost straight line of union when closed. Characters for separating Corduliue from Libelluline nymphs are as yet unknown, as the latter subfamily has not been monographed. J Subfaniily Cordulinie : An erect pyramidal horn on the front of the head. No dorsal hook on 10 ; lateral spines on 9 reaching as far as level of tips of appendages 22. Didymops. At least a small dorsal hook on 10 ; lateral spines on 9 mucli shorter than in Didymops 23. Iflacroinia. * A clerical error in Part I has caused some confusion in regard to the appen- dages of Anisopterous nymphs. For "lateral" should be read "inferior" on page 196, line 25, p. 198, line 5 from bottom, and p. 199, line 3 from top. The denial of the homology of the inferior appendages of the males of the Zygoptera and Anisoptera (p. 199) refers, of course, to images only. Of the five appendages which terminate the abdomen of older Anisopterous nymphs, two are ventral — the inferiors, one is mid-dorsal (the middle) and on either side of it is a lateral. corresponding to a superior appendage of the imago. t The identification of these is as yet doubtful (Cabot). X As this is going through the press Dr. Karsch has published a paper on " Die Insecten der Berlandschaft Adeli" (West Africa) (Eerl. Ent. Zeit. xxxviii, pp. 1-226, July, 1893) in which he gives characters for the separation of Corduliiie from Libelluline nymphs (p. 42). These characters will not serve for American species, and his characters for those of the " Calopterygidae" are only those of the legions Calopteryx and Libellago (?). NORTH AMIORICAN ODONA'I'A. 227 No erect pyninii(lnl horn on the front of the head. A tubercle ou either side of the top of the head ; 10 very short, a dorsal hook on 3-9, a sharp lateral spine on 8-9, those of 9 exceeding the appendages 24. Epicordiilia. No such tubercles. Lateral spines of 8 very short, of 9 long, sharp, divergent, much lon- ger than theappendages..25. Tetragoneiiria (group of cyxosMm). Lateral spines of 8-9 flat, sharp, incurved : of 9 not longer than the appendages 27. Soilialoclilora (group of lihera). Subfamily Libellnlinie : Middle (dorsal) terminal appendage a little longer than the inferiors (ventrals), all spinous. Teeth on opposed margin of lateral labial lobes flat, not interlocking, 8 and 9 with a long, sharp, incurved lateral spine 28. Paiitala. Middle (dorsal) terminal appendage shorter than the inferiors, laterals without spines^. Teeth on opposed margin of labial lobes much shorter than in Pantala, interlocking in a nearly straight line; otherwise as in PawtaZa 29. Traiiiea. The nymphs of but a small proportion of the species are known, so that no attempt is made in this paper to define their specific char- acters. List and Characters of the Species. [N. B. — The following explanations, in addition to those contained in the preface, are required for the proper understanding of the subsequent test. Much greater importance is attached to structural than to color differences; what are regarded as the important specific characters are indicated by italics. Although teneral colors (see p. 203) are often mentioned, the colors usually described are those of the adult insect, and allowance must be made for such age-differences in identifying specimens. The wings are to be understood as being colorless, unless otherwise stated. The abdominal segments are denoted by the numerals 1 to 10. Measurements are always expressed in millimetres, and the length of the abdomen always includes the terminal appendages. Names of collectors have usually been cited at the end of the list of localities for each species in such cases where their labors have extended the known areas of distribution beyond those already published by Hagen (37), de Selys, Banks (38) and others. Ab- breviations employed are Sup. app., superior appendages. Inf. app. inferior ap- pendages. Abd., abdomen. H. w.. hind wing. Phila., Philadelphia. Del. Co., Pa., Delaware (bounty, Pennsylvania. N. J., New Jersey. Tvvp., Township. A. E. S., W. I., C, collections of the American Entomological Society, Wagner Free Institute of Science and of P. P. Calvert, respectively.] Subfamily 1. CALOPTERYGIN^. 1. Calopteryx Leach. (Calepteryx) Leach, Edinb. Encyc. ix. p. 137, 1815. Amer. Edit, viii, pt. ii. p. 726, 1816. Selys, Mon. Calopt. p. 22, 1854. 1. i'alopteryx maciilata Beauv. Agrion m. Beauvois, Ins. Afr. Amer. p. 85, Neur. pi. 7, fig. 3, 1805. C. m. Hagen, Psyche v. p. 249. 1889. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. SEPTEMBER, 1893. 228 PHILIP p. CALVERT. Metallic blue or green ; labiiun, two lateral thoracic stripes, pectus, venter of 1-7 or 8, black. Hind raarfjin of wings decidedly convex. % . Wings velvety black (gray or brown — teneral), no pterostigma. Venter of 8-10 whitish. Sup. app. with outer margin denticulated, apical half wider, bent inwards and downwards, apex obtuse. Inf. app. one-fourth shorter, extreme apex acute, bent inwards. 9. Wings smoky, apical fourth sometimes darker; pterostigma white, of 6-12 cells; veins metallic ; 8 or 9-10 with a mid-dorsal longitudinal line and a spot each side, whitish or yellowish. Abd. % 34-40, 9 30-41.5. Hind w. % 27-27.5, J 29-34.5. Common around Phila., along the banks of narrow streams, May 24 — Aug. 17 ; ovipositing June 28, July 6. Quebec — Florida, west to Kansas and Texas. 2. Calopteryx interrupted, transverse, basal, yellow ring. % . Sup. app. on inner side with two acute nearly equal teeth, edge between them denticulated. Inf. app. exceeding the second tooth, almost straight, apices not widened. Old "J, with an oblique black band on second lateral suture, prothorax, base and apex of abdomen pruinose. 9 . Humeral stripe wider than in % , somewhat wider below. Abd. %, 27-30.5, 9 26-29. H. w. % 18-20, 9 20-21.5. Nova Scotia, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Illinois, Colo- rado, Yellowstone (Mrs. Slosson, J. P. Moore, Calvert — A. E. S., C). 5. liestes forcipata Rambur (PL III, fig. 20). j,. i L. f. Rambur, Nevr. p. 246, 1842. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xiii, p. 303, 1862. .-i.^^^^/C^vT^zS' L. hamata Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A., p. 70, 1861. y^i^ ^a^^oL cri. Blackish brown. Lips, mid-dorsal thoracic carina, humeral stripe (broader ctt a£-A XLe.a it below) and sides of thorax inferiorly, yellow. _l- , , ff. ^\. % . Sup. app. on inner side with two teeth, basal one larger, acute, edge between ^ '-rCfrn I "^"^ straight, denticulated. Inf. app. exceediug second tooth, almost straight, apices j / (-}-/• a little dilated. Old % with an oblique black baud on second lateral suture, or with sides of thorax, base and apex of abdomen pruinose. 9 . Humeral stripe distinctly wider below. Abd. % 30-35. 9 28-34. H. w. % 19-24, 9 22-25. Ridley Twp., Del. Co., Pa., May 30— July 31 ; transforming July 21. One % , N. J., May 8 ; 2 S 1 9 Pa. May 19-27 (A. E. S.). Massachusetts to Florida, Wisconsin, Illinois, Texas, Colorado (Hitchings, Richardson — A. E. S., C). 6. Iiestes rectaiigularis Say (PI. III. fig. 21). L. r. Say, Jouru. Ac. Phila. viii, p. 34, 1839. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xiii, p. •^''^'^ iiplax Charpentier. Charp., Lib. Eur. p. 12, 1840. Selys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxii, p. 134. 1888. Sympetrum Newman, Ent. Mag. i, p. 511, 1833. Kirby, Trans. Zool. Sou. Lond. xii, p. 276, 1889. A. No additional transverse carina on 4. a. % . Sup. app. with a, prominent, inferior, median tooth, on whose basal side are 5-8 denticles. 9 • Vulvar lamina bifid. 60. Diplax riibicuiidula Say (PI. II, fig. 5). Libellula r. Say, Jour. Ac. Phila. viii, p. 26, 1839. Diplax r. Hagen, Psyche v, p. 385, 1890. Yellowish (teneral) to red; lateral margins of 3-10, especially near apices, black. Legs black, femora paler inferiorly. Extreme base of wings yellowish. % . Genital hamule with a little more than the apical third bifid, internal (ante rior) branch slightly longer, its apex more acute and slightly bent towards the external branch ; external (posterior) branch twice as wide us theinternal. (i-enital lobeprojectinguofarther ventrally than tbeexternalhamular branch, «o< widened towards apex. NORTH AMERICAN ODONATA. 263 9. Vulvar lamina not elevated, bifid, lobes approximate, small, rounded to pointed at tips. Abd. I 21.5-25, 9 19.5-24.5. H. w. % 22-28, 9 22.5-27.5. Very abundant around Phila., July 1 — Sept. 20. Nova Scotia to Maryland, west to Lake Superior and Illinois. Var. assimilata Uhler (Proc. Ac. Phila. 1857, p. 88, Lihelhda a.) has the basal half of the wings yellowish. Abd. % 22.5-27, 9 22-25. H. w. % 25-29.5, 9 24.5-28.5. One male, Ridley Twp , Del. Co., Pa., July 3, 1893, P. P. Calvert. One male, Westville, N. J., Aug. 27, 1892, P. Nell (C). New Jersey to South Dakota and Nebraska. Diplax obtrusa Hagen (PI. II, fig. 6). D. 0. Hagen, Stet. Ent. Zeit. xxviii, p. 95, 1867 ; note after D. rubicundula Syn. Neur. N. A., p. 177, 1861. Differs from rubicundula as follows: %. Genital liamule with apical fourth bifid, branches proportionally shorter, external branch at least four times wider than internal bi-auch. 9- Apparently not distinguishable from that of rubi- cundula. Abd. I 22-25, 9 23.5-24. H. w. % 21-25, 9 23-25.5. Nova Scotia to Pennsylvania, west to Wisconsin; Colorado, Wash- ington (Sheraton, J. P. Moore, Mrs. Slosson, E. M. Aaron, G. Miller, Owen, Mich. Agr. Coll., Col. Agr. Coll., O. B. Johnson). b. Stip. app. with no prominent inferior tooth, but with 4-9 inferior denticles, of which the most apical is largest. 9 • Vulvar lam,ina entire. 61. niplax seiuiciiicta Say (PI. II, fig. 3). Libellnla s. Say, Jour. Ac. Phila. viii, p. 27, 1839. D. s. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A., p. 176, 1861. Yellowish (teneral) to reddish brown ; lateral margins of 3 or 4-10, and some- times a mid-dorsal stripe on 8 and 9, black. % . Front wings with basal half to third, hind wings with basal half, yellowish or brown, clearer at extreme base. Hamule bifid in its apical half, internal (an- terior) branch slightly shorter, slender, more erect, slightly hooked at tip, which is acute ; external (posterior) branch two to three times stouter, its tip less acute, bent slightly outwards and backwards. Genital lobe projecting ventrally a little farther than external hamular branch, slightly wider towards apex. Legs black, first femora paler inferiorly. 9. Wings yellowish at basal half, or only as far as the triangle. Vulvar lamina very short, projecting but slightly, margin entire. Abd. % 17-24, 9 19-23 5. H. w. % 21-27, 9 23-26.5. Two males, Phita., July 15, S. F. Aaron (A. E. S.). Two males, one $ , Ridley Twp., Del. Co., Pa., July 3, 1893, P. P. Calvert (C). Maine to Maryland ; Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, California (Beales, Cockerell, Hillman, A. E. S,). TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. SEPTEMBEE, 1893. 264 PHILIP p. CALVEKT. N. B. — The specimens of semicincta from Nevada, Colorado aud Califoruia, have black stripes on the humeral and lateral thoracic sutures, which are absent in those from Pennsylvania. 62. Diplax viciua Hagen (PI. II. fig. 4). D. V. Hagen, Syn. Near. N. A., p. 175, 1861. Yellowish (teneral) to red; lateral margins of 3-9, and frequently a mid-dor- sal stripe on 8 and 9, blackish brown. Extreme base of wings yellow. Legs yellowish to reddish. % . Hamule bifid in its apical two-thirds, branches of nearly equal length, both almost erect, internal (anterior) branch more slender, apes acute : external branch two to three times wider, apex rounded. Genital lobe projecting slightly farther ventrally than the hamule. 9. Vulvar lamina distinctly projecting, its margin entire. Abd. 1 20.5-23.5, 9 20.5-23.5. H. w. % 22-25, ? 21.5-24. Very abundant around Phila., July 11 — Oct. 26, and probably later; in copula or ovipositing Aug. 31, Sept. 3, 10, 19, 21, Oct. 11, 12, 24. Maine to Virginia ; Ontario, Illinois (Miss Wadsworth, Harvey, Richardson). B. An additional transverse carina on 4. 63. Diplax corrupta Hagen. Mesoihemis c. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A., p. 171, 1861. Olive or brown ; face, an antehumeral stripe, two lateral thoracic stripes, white or yellow. Abdomen yellowish, spotted with white and brown, 8-9 with a mid- dorsal black spot. Wing-veins yellowish. Pterostignia yellow, brown in the middle. Legs black, femora and tibise with a superior yellow stripe. % . Hamule with apical third bifid, internal branch short, slender, apex acute, curved outwards to form a hook ; external branch twice as long, much thicker, directed outwards and backwards, apex blunt. Genital lobe projecting a little farther ventrally than the external hamular branch. Sup. app. yellow, thickened in their apical half, with a row of 9-14 inferior, black denticles. 9. Vulvar lamina not projecting, apex emarginated. Abd. % 24.5-28.5, 9 25-29. H. w. % 27.5-31, 9 28-32. One male, Folsoni, Del. Co., Pa., Oct. 3, 1889, P. P. Calvert (C). Pennsylvania; Illinois to California, Montana to Mexico; Ochotsk. 37. Peritheinis Hagen. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A., p. 185, 1861. Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Loud, xii, p. 273, 1889. 64. Peritheinis doniitia Drury. Libellula d. Drury, 111. Exot. Ent. ii, p. 83, pi. 45, fig. 4, 1773. P. d. Hagen, /. c. p. 185, 1861. Yellowish brown. Thorax sometimes with two lateral yellow stripes of vary- ing width. Abdomen with some yellow marks. NORrH AMERICAN ODONATA. 265 %. Wings brownish yellow, sometimes a dark reddish brown spot near the onter angle of the triangle, sometimes a short, basal, brown streak on hind wings. Pterostigma reddish brown. 9 . Front wings with a patch near the outer angle of the triangle and a ragged nodal band, brown. Hind wings similar, the patch larger, prolonged at its hind end and turned inwards towards the anal angle. Front and hind wings with brown markings bordered with yellow, sometimes a brown basal streak in the subcostal space. Pterostigma yellowish brown. Abd. I 13-15, 911-14.5. H. w. % 16-19, 9 14.5-19.5. Common around Phila., June 17 — Aug. 31, United States east of the Mississippi River; Texas, Argentine Republic, West Indies. N. B. — Kirby (Cat Odon, p. 10) holds that teneni Say is the proper name of this species found in the U, S., and that domitin Drury is distinct. It is here preferred to follow Dr. Hagen, who regards tenera and many other names as synonyms of a very variable species— ^?o»»i(ia. Thus females from Florida have the hind margin of all the wings narrowly edged with brown from the nodal band to the apex, and the nodal band and the patch on the triangle sometimes confluent. 38. Mesotliemis Hagen. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A., p. 170, 1861, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii, p. 303. 1889. 65. Mesotheinis siinplicicollis .Say. LiheUula s. Say, Jour. Ac. Phila. viii, p. 28, 1839. M. s. Hagen, /. c. p. 170, 1861, Bright green ; thorax frequently with mid-dorsal carina, antehumeral, hu- meral and two indistinct lateral line.s, and some marks near the coxse, black ; 1-3 mostly green, 4-10 with a I'lid-dorsal black band on apical half, or 8-10 en- tirely black. %, . Sup. app. yellow. Thorax and abdomen entirely blue pruinoae in old males. 9 . Vulvar lamina erect, triangular, entire. Abd. % 26-33, 9 28-29.5. H. w. % 27-35, 9 31-33. Common around Phila., June 10 — Aug. 8; ovipositing June 17, 22, July 26. United States east of the Rocky Mts., Mexico, West Indies, Ba- hamas (Fox and Johnson, Moore and Bullock). 39. Pachydiplax Brauer. Brauer, Verb, z.-bot. Gesell. Wien, pp. 368, 722, 1868. Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii, p. 305, 1889. 66. Pachydiplax loiigipeiiuis Burmeister. LibelMa I. Bnrm., Haudb. Eut. ii, p. 850, 1839. Mesothemis I. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A., p. 173, 1861. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (34) SEPTEMBER, 1893. 266 PHILIP p. CALVERT. Blackish browu. Face white, frons above and vertex metallic blue. Thorax with a short antehumeral stripe, a transverse stripe in front of the antealar sinus, and frequently the mid-dorsal carina, yellowish ; sides pale green with three brown stripes. %. Abdomen blackish, often pruinose, sides of 1-3 yellowish, or similar to that of 9 (teneral). Wings yellowish at base, especially the hind wings, which have two longitudinal, dark brown basal streaks; a yellowish or brownish cloud frequently present between nodus and pterostigma, apices sometimes smoky. The extent and intensity of the wing coloring vary greatly, even in specimens of the same locality at the same time. 9. Abdomen widened at tip, black, a pale green or yellow longitudinal stripe on each side of dorsum of 2-7, sides of 1-5 yellowish. Vulvar lamina prolonged (so that the vulva lies on the middle of 9), emarginated in the middle. Wings yellowish at extreme base, no streaks or clouds. Abdomen occasionally pruinose in old females. Abd. I 20-28, 9 20.5-25. H. w. % 23-33.5, 9 28-32. Common around Phila., June 10 — Sept. 4 ; ovipositing June 14. Massachusetts to Florida, west to the Mississippi ; Bahaiuas (Moore and Bullock), Texas, Mexico, Montana, California, Van- couver's Is. :p.a.:e^t iiz A SUMMARY OF THE PHILADELPHIA ODONATE FAUNA. SCOPE OF THIS CATALOGUE. The species whose names are numbered in Part II have been cer- tainly observed within a radius of twenty miles from the Philadelphia City Hall. This arbitrary limit has been fixed by the fact that the observations upon which this paper is based have been mainly con- fined to the region indicated. The unnumbered species may, from what is now known of their distribution, hereafter be found in this district. The Odonate ftxuna of Philadelphia is, therefore, here con- sidered to consist of the following species : Subfam. CAIjOPTEBYGIN^ (4 sp.) Subfam. AGRIONIN^ (19 species). 1. Calopteryx maculata 5. Lestes forcipata 2. C. dimidiata, race apicalis* 6. " rectangularis 3. Hetserina americana 7. " inequalis 4. " tricolor* 8. Argia putrida NORTH AMKRIOAN ODONATA. 267 9. " violacea 10. " tibialis 11. " apicalis 12. " bipunctulata 13. Nehalennia irene* 14. " posita 15. Amphiagrion saucium 16. Enallagma durum* 17. " civile 18. " divagans* 19. " exsulans 20. " signatum 21. Ischnura verticalis 22. ' ' Ramburii 23. Anomalagrion hastatum Subfamily GOMPHIN^ (7 species). 24. Gomphus abbreviatus* 25. exilis 26. minutus* 27. plagiatus 28. villosipes 29. vastus* 30. Dromogomphus spinosus Subfamily AESCHNIN^ (6 species). 31. Episeschna heros 32. Ponscolombia vinosa-j- 33. Gompbseschna furcillata var. antilope* 34. Aeschna juncea var. verticalis 35. " constricts 36. Anax Junius Subfam. CORDULIN^ (6 species). 37. Didymops transversa* 38. Macromia tseniolata* 39. " illinoensis* 40. Epicordulia princeps* 41. Tetragoneuria cynosura 42. Somatochlora lepida* Subfam. LIBELLULIN^ (24 .species). 43. Pantala flavescens* 44. " hymensea* 45. Tra^mea Carolina* 46. " lacerata* 47. Libellula basalis 48. " cyanea 49. " axillena form vibrans* 50. " exusta 51. " quadrimaculata 52. " semifasciata 53. " pulchella 54. Plathemis trimaculata 55. Micrathyria berenice* 56. Nannothemis bella 57. Celithemis elisa 58. " eponina* 59. Leucorhinia intacta 60. Diplax rubicundula 61. " semicincta 62. ' ' vicina 63. ' ' corrupta* 64. Perithemis domitia 65 Mesothemis simplicicoUis 66. PacLydiplax longipennis Of those species marked with an asterisk (*), only five individuals or less, are known from within the twenty-mile radius. SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION (Imagos). The species of Odonata which appear first in the year around Philadelphia are Anax Junius, Ischnura verticalis and Nehalennia posita. The earliest date recorded for them is May 1, but they are probably to be found still earlier. From the data contained in Part II, it appears that the number of species to be found on any one day increases from 3 to 14 during May, from 14 to 32 during June, decreases from 32 to 23 during July, from 22 to 21 during t On Sept. 18, 1893, the writer took one % and saw another of vmosa by a brook in Springfield Twp., Del. Co., Pa. TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. SEPTEMBER, 1893. 268 PHILIP P. CALVERT. August, and from 20 to 5 during September. The species which continues to fly latest into the Autumn is Diplax vicina, having been observed up to October 26, and probably to be found still later, as Mr. G. D. W. Williamson has taken it at Dobb's Ferry, New York, on November 8. The maximum number of species on the wing at any one time is thus 32 from June 24 to July 1. TABLE SHOWING THE SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE ODONATA OF PHILADELPHIA. Subfamily. Calopteryginse Agrioninffi Gomphinse Aeschninse May 1 Gomphus exilis, May 24. Anax Junius, May L CorduliuEe D. transversa. May 13. Libellulinse Earliest appearing species. Calopteryx maculata May 24. Latest appearing species. Hetserina americana Sept. 23, I. verticalis, N. posita I. verticalis, Oct. 16. Gomphus plagiatus, July 17. Aeschna constricta, Oct. 18. Epicordulia princeps July]. P. trimaculata, L. semifasciata, May 17. Maximum number of species at one time. Diplax vicina, Oct 26. Two, Aug. 11-17. Thirteen, June 28- July4. Four, June 22-26. Four, A ug. 28-29. Three, June 18. Thirteen, July 5-22. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Of the 33 genera represented in the foregoing list, 8 (^Dromogom- phus, Gomphceschna, Didymops, Epicordulia, Tetragoneuria, Plathe- viis, Nannothemis, Pachydlplax) are exclusively Nearctic, 8 {Hetairma, Aviphiagrion, Anomalagrion, Ejnceschna, Micrathyria, Cellthemis, Periihemis, Mesothemis) are confined to the New World, 3 {Calop- teryx, Fomcolombia, Leucorhinia) are restricted to the Palsearctic and Nearctic provinces, while the remaining 14 are more widely distributed. The great majority (49) of the sixty-six species of the preceding list are confined to the Alleghenian subdivision of the Nearctic zoo- geographical province, i. e. to that portion of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Of the remainder — Pantala flavescPMS is a well-known cosmopolitan species. Aeschna juncea and Libellula quadrimaculata are diffused through- out the northern hemisphere. Ischnura Ramburii, Anomalagrion hastatwn, Anax Junius, Pantala hymencea, Celithenns ep)onina, Perithemis domitia and Mesothemis sim- pllclcolVis are also West Indian. Lestes forclpata, A)iax Junius, Libellula quadrimaculata, Diplax Hemicincta and D. corrupta also occur in the region between the NORTH AMERICAN ODONATA. 269 Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada. Except the single male cited on p. 264, D. corrupta is not known to occur east of Illinois. Aeschna constrida, Anax Junius, Lihellula exusta, L. quadrimaeu- lata, Plathemis Irimaeulata, Dlplax corrupta and Pachydipjlax longi- pemiis are found on the Pacific coast of North America. Tramea lacerata is reported from the Sandwich Is. The Philadelphia district is at present the northernmost known limit, east of the Allegheny Mountains, of the following ten species: Hetosrina tricolor, Argia tibialis, A. apiealis, A. bipunctulata, Gom- phus mitiutus, G. plagiatus, Gomphceschna {Jurcillatd) antilope, Ma- cromia tceniolata, Tramea lacerata and Lihellula {axUlena) vibran-s. It is the southernmost known limit in the same region of the following five species: Lestes inequalis, Enallagma divagans, Gomphus abbre- viatus, G. villosipes and Lihellula quadrimaculata. Synonymic Changes Introduced in Part II. Gomphxschna antilope Hag. = var. fnrcillata Say. Aeschna verticalis Hag. = var. juncea L. Ae. crenata Hag. (eremita Scud.) ^ clepsydra Say. Epophthalmia georgina Selys ^^ ? Macromia illinoensis Walsh. Lihellula deplanata Eamb. ^ exusta Say. Celithemis amanda Hag. = ornnta Eamb. Diplax assimilata Uhler = var. rubicundula Say. insriDEx: Abbreviatus 243 Abdomen, skeleton 169- 171, muscles 178, 199, uerves 182-3, develop- ment 193, 196, 198 Abductors 171, 172 Acarine parasites 205 Adductors 171, 172, 174, 175 Aeschna 162, 171, 199, 200, 201, 207, 209, 210, 222, 226, 248 Aesch nidge. 219 Aeschniuaj 207, 208, 209, 212, 219, 222. 226, 246 Agriou 183, 186, 209, 212, 220, 225 Agriouidse 219 Agrioniiisp, 207, 208, 209, 212, 214, 219, 220, 22,5, 229 Alimentary canal 176, 196, 199 Amanda 261 Americana 228 Amnion 192 Amphiagriou 221, 2.35 Amphipteryx 212 Anal angle 169, segment 169, 198 Auax 170, 189, 195, 209, 210, 222, 226, 249 Anisoptera 219, 225 Anomalagriou 168, 187, 212, 221, 240 Autealarsinuspl. II, f. 13 Antecubitals 168 Antehumeral stripe 161 Antennae 156, 183, 193, 195, 197 Anteuodal cells 168 Antenodals 168 Antilope 247 Apiealis 228, 233 Apodeme 161 Appendages, abd., 170, 171, 196, 198, 212, 226» Arctica 207 Arculus 163 Argia 189. 209, 212, 220, 232 Aspersum 237 Assimilata 263 Auditory organs 183 Auricle "l69, 170 Auripeunis 182, 256 Australian Odonata 208 Axilleua 257 Basal cells 163 Basalis 228, 255 Basal postcostal cross- vein 169 Basilars 169 Basilar space 163 Bella 260 Belonia 255 Berenice 204, 260 Bibliography 215 Bipunctulata 234 Birds feeding on O. 205 Blastoderm 191 Brain 181 Brevistylus 241 Bursa copulatrix 186 Calli, axillary 163 Oalopterygiiise 207, 208, 209, 211, 219, 220, 227 Calopteryx 161, 162, 164, 171, 182, 185, 186, 190. 195, 198, 201, 209, 220, 225, 227 Cannibalism 177 TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. SEPTEMBER, 1893. 270 PHILIP P. CALVERT. Cardinal cell 165 Cardo 157 Carina, abdominal, 169- 170, latero-veutral me- tathoracic 160, mid- dorsal thoracic 159 Carolina 255 Celithemis 224, 261 Checks to increase 204 Chorion 190 Chylific ventricle 177 Circulatory apparatusl78 Civile 236" Clara 166 Clepsydra 206, 248 Clvpeus 156, 193, 197 Coloring 187, 203 Coinbativeness 184 Condi turn 234 Congener 229 Constricta 171, 182, 249 Convex and concave veins 168 Copulation 188, 190 Cordulegaster 162, 209, 222, 226, 246 Coidulegasterinse 207, 208. 209, 210, 213, 219. 223, 225, 246 Cordulina; 207, 208, 209, 210, 213, 220, 223, 226, 250 Corrupta 264 Costa 163 Coxa 161 Credulum 240 Crenata 248 Crocothemis 209 Crop 176 Cyanea 180. 200, 201, 256 Cynosura 252 Deplanata 258 Depressors of wings 173- 175 Depressum 178, 184, 203 Development 190-204 Diastatops 162 Didymops 223, 226, 250 Diffinis207 Diraidiata228 Dimorphism 187 Diplax 183, 190, 196, 204, 209, 224, 262 Dipterous parasites 205 Discoidal areolets 165, cells 168, triangle 165 Discolor 235 Disjiuicta 231 Disparoneura 209 Distribution 204-10,267- 269 Divagans 238 Dolomedes feeding on O. 205 Domitja 264 Dorsal vessel 178, 196 Dorsum of thorax 159 Dromogomphus 222, 245 Durum 236 Egg 190. 204, '^06 Elisa 261 Embrvonic development 190-5 Euallagma 189, 209, 212, 221, 236 Endophytic oviposition 189 Endoskeleton of head 158 Enemies 205 Ephemerina 210-11 Epiffiscbna 182. 222, 226, 246 Epicordulia 223, 227, 251 Epicranium 155, 197 Epistoma 156 Eponina 261 Epophthalmia 251 Eremita 206. 248 Erroneus 246 Erythromma 220, 234 Ethiopian Odouata 208 Euphfea 202, 209, 210, 212 Eurina 229 Excretory organs 178 Exilis 243 Exophytic oviposition 189 ' Expiratory muscles 176, 181 Exsulans 189, 238 Extensors 172 Exusta 258 Exuviae 203 Eyes 154, 183, 194, 195, 197 Facets of eyes 155, 183 Fat 178 Femur 161 Fertilization 188, 191 Filaria 205 Filosa 253 Flavescens 209, 254 Flavida 257 Flexors 171-2, 173-5 Fonscolombia 222. 226, 247 Fontium 233 Food 177 Foramen, post-cephalic 158 Forcipata 200, 230, 231 Fore-gut 176 Fossil forms 207, 209-10, 214 Frons 155, 156 Frontal vesicle 156 Fi-ont-head 193 Fulcral process 172 Fureillata 247 Fusca 204 Gena 155 Genitalia 184-87, 199 Geographical distribu- tion 206-9, 268 Geological id. 209-10 Georgina 251 Gerephemera 209 Germinal band 193 Gomphseschua 222, 226, 247 Gomphina; 207, 208, 209, 212, 213, 219. 221, 225, 241 Gomphus 161, 162. 167, 178, 187, 209, 222, 225, 242 Grandis 201 Gula 156 Hageni 237 Hageuius 221, 225, 241 Hamata 230, 231 Hamule, genital 185 Hastatum 240 Head, skeleton 154-8, muscles 171-2, nerves 181-182, development 193,4.5,7 Heros 182. 246 Hetferina 164, 187, 188, 220, 225, 228 Hibernation 204 Hind-gut 177, 201 Holotania 255 Humeral stripe 161, su- ture 159 Hybridization 188 Hymensea 254 Hymeuopterous parasite 205 Hypertrigonals 169 Hypertrigoiial space 165 Hypopharynx 158 lUinoensis 251 Incesta 257 luequa'.is 232 Iners 240 Inferior appendage 170. 198-9 Intacta 262 Intelligence 184 Internal triangle 165 Intel posed sectors 169 Intestinal parasites 205 Irene 234 Ischnura 187, 189, 190, 204, 209, 212, 221, 239 Julia 258 Juncea 201, 207. 248 Junius 189, 195, 249 NORTH AMERICAN ODONATA. 271 Labiuml57. 172, 194, 195, 197 Labium 156,171,184,193 Lacerata 255 LaDjiiia, anterior 185, vulvar 170, 186, 199 Lateralis 252. Lateral lobes 193 Legs 161, 193, 196, 197 Lepida 253 Leptetrum 255 Lestes 160, 162. 189, 200, 201, 209, 210, 21:;;, 220, 225, 229 Leucorhinia 207, 224, 262 Libellula 162, 171, 179, 190, 195, 202, 224, 255 Libellulidte 213, 219, 226 LibelluliDffi 207, 208, 209, 210. 220, 223, 227, 254 Life, length of 190, 195, 204 Linearis 253 Lobe, genital 186 Locomotion of nymphs 202 Longipennis 183, 265 Longipes 250 Lydia 257, 259 Macromia 223, 226, 250 Maculatus (a), 173, 182, 227, 246 Malpighian tubules 178 199 Mandibles 157, 171-172, 193, 5, 7 Mask 195 Maxillpe 157, 172, 193, 5, 7 Maxillary palp 157 Median cross-veins 169, sector 163, space 163, vein 163 Membranule 168 Mesepimeron 160 Mesepisterna 159. 197 Mesiufraepisternum 159 Mesosternum 160 Mesostignia 161, 180 Mesotbemis 195, 225, 265 Mesothorax 159, 197 Metasternum 160 Metastigma 161, 180 Metathorax 159. 197 Metepimeron 160 Metepisternum 160 Metinfraepisternuni 160 Micrathyria 204, 224, 260 Micromerus 212 Micronympha 239 Micropyle 187, 190 Mid-gut 177 Migratory swarms 206 Minutus 244 Motor nerve endings 183 Moulting 195, 203 TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. Muscles 171-6, 199 Nfevius242 Nannothemis 224, 260 Nasus 156 Nearctic Odonata 208 Nehaleunia 212, 220, 234 Neotropical Odonata 208 Nervous system 181-4, 196, 202 Neural canal 161, 175 Neurocordulia 223, 252 Neurothemis 187 Nodal sector 163 Nodus 163 Nymph 154, 195-203,212, 225 Obsoleta 252 Obtrusa 263 Occiput 156 Ocelli 156, 195, 197 Odonata 153 Oesophagus 176 Ophiogomphus 221, 225, 242 Optic ganglia 181 Oriental Odonata 208 Ornata 261 Orthetrum 209 Ortholestes 166 Ova 187 Ovaries 186 Oviposition 188-90 Pachydiplax 225, 265 Palaearctic Odonata 208 Palp, labial 157, maxil- lary 157 Pantala 170, 209, 223, 227, 254 Parasites 205 Parvulus 242 Penis 185 Perithemis 224, 264 Perlina 210-11 Petalura 186, 212, 221 Phylogeny 210-14 Plagiatus 244 Platephemera 209 Plathemis 224, 259 Pleura, abdominal 169, 198, thoracic 159-60, 197 Plumbea 256, 257 Pollutum 239 Polynesian Odonata 208 Posita 235 Postcosta 163 Postcostal space 163 Postcubitals 169 Postnodals 169 Postnodal sector 169 Posttriangular cells 165, 168 Prenubila 258 Preservation of speci- mens 214 Princeps 251 Principal sector 163 Procera 253 Pronators 173-5 Protamphibion 211 Prothorax 158, 197, 212 Pruinoseness 203 Pseudopupillse 183 Pterostigma 168 Puella 185 Pulchella 179, 182, 190. 195, 196, 202, 259 Putrida 232 Quadriguttata 247 Quadrilateral 164 Quadrimaculata 206, 209, 258 Quad ru pi a 256 Eamburii 204, 239, 240 Eearofeyes(orhead) 155 Receptacula seminis 186 Eectal glands 201, tra- cheal-gills 201 Eectangularis 231 Eectum 177, 201 Eelationships 210-14 Eeproductive organs 184-8 Eespiration 180-1, mus- cles of 176. 181 Eespiratory apparatus 178-81. 199-202 Ehinarium 156 Ehinocypha 160 Eubicundula 262 Eupinsulensis 242 Salivary glands 176 Saucium 235 Seasonal distribution 267 Sectors 163, 164, 169 Semiaquea 252 Semicincta 263 Semifasciata 258 Sense organs 183-4 Serosa 193 Sexual diflferences 154, 170, 184-7 Sheath of penis 185 Short sector 164 Sides of thorax 159 Sight 183 Signatum 2:38 SimplicicoUis 195, 265 Size, range of 204 Skeleton 154-171 Somatochlora 207, 209, 223, 227, 253 Species, number of 207-8 Spermatozoa Ibo Spider feeding on O. 205 SpinosUs 245 SEPTEMBEE, 1893 272 PHILIP P. CALVERT. Spiracles, abdominal 170, 179, 202, thoracic 161, 180, 202 Sponsa 189 Stenophlebia 168 Sterna, abdominal 169- 70, 198, thoracic 159 60 Stipes 157 Subcosta 163 Subcostal cross-veins 169 Submedian vein 163, 165 Subnientalis 172 Subnodal sector 163 SubcBsophageal ganglion 182 Subtriangnlar space 165 Subulicoruia 210 Superior appendages 170, 198, 212 Supinators 174-5 Supplementary sectors 169 Supra-cesopbageal gang- lion 181 Supratriangulars 169 Supratriangularspacel65 Suture, humeral 159, 1st and 2d lateral 160 Sympathetic nerves 184 Sympetrum 262 Sympycua 204 Synonymic changes 269 Tachoptery X 212, 221 , 241 Tseniolata 250 Tarsophlebia 162 Tarsus 162, 196. 198 Taste, organs of 184 Tel son 169 Temperature, effects of 204 Tendons 171 Tenera 265 Teneral 203 Tensors 174-5 Terga, abdominal 169, 198, thoracic 159 Testes 184 Tetragoneuria 223, 227, 252 Thecaphora 246 Thorax, skeleton 158-69, muscles 172-.5, nerves 182, development 193, 195, 197 Thorevi 241 Tibia 161 Tibialis 233 Trachea? 178-9, 196, 199- 200 Tracheal-gills 194, 196, 198, 200-2 Tramea 170, 223, 227, 255 Transversa 250 Transverse abd. carinfe 170 Triangle 165, 213, sectors of 164 Tricolor 225 Trimaculata 180, 189, 190, 259 Trochanter 161 Tuberculatum 240 Ultra-nodal sector 169 Uncata 230 Uuguiculata 230 Vagina 186 Valve, genital 186, 199 Valvular process 186 Vas deferens 184. 199 Vastus 245 Ventral plate 191 Vertex 155 Verticalis 189, 190, 196, 239, 248 Vesicle of penis 185 Vi brans 257 Vicina 264 Vigilax 232 Viliosipes 244 Vinosa 247, 267t Violacea 189. 233 Virgo 185, 190, 205 Vitelline membrane 190 Vulva 170, 186 Vulvar lamina 170, 186, 199 Water in which nymphs live, nature of 204 Weights of O. 173 Wing-covers 197, 199 Wings 162-9, 173, mus- cles 172-5, 199 Yolk 191, 193, 194 Zoogeographical provin- ces 208 Zygoptera 219, 225 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE II. Figs. 3-6. Profile views, leftside, of the external genital organs on the ventral surface of the second abdominal segment of the males of Diplax semicincta, vicina, rubicundula and obtrnsa. Seen when the insect is turned upside down, al anterior lamina, ibh internal and ehh ex- ternal hamular branch, gl genital lobe, vp vesicle of the penis. Fig. 7. Labium of imago, S of mature nymph of Calopteryx maculata. sm^ sub- mentum, m subglossa?, ml median lobe, II lateral lobes, tp terminal palp, s half of raentum ?. Figs. 9, 10. Half of the front portion of labium of very young nymphs of Anax Junius and Libellnln pulchella. Letters as before. Fig. 11. Front view of head of Gomphns exilis. Fig. 12. A nearly horizontal section of the thorax o^ Aeachna constricta showing the wing muscles. Fig. 13. Right side of the thorax of Hetierina americana. PLATE m. Figs. 14-21, 24 Dorsal viewsof terminal abdominal appendages of the males of va- rious sjiecies of Lestes. The right superior appendage is omitted. Figs. 22, 25. Dorsal views of the superior appendages of males of Enallagma Hngeni and divagnns. Figs. 23, 26-32. Profile views right side, of the terminal abdominal appendages of the males of various species of Enallugmn. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. XX. PI. II. (e 10. LIBELLULA 5. D, RUBICUNDULA 6. D. 0BTRU5A antenna occlfiat ocdli vertex from IMA&O-CALOPTERYX- NYMPH 8. J tendon- access:-.. _ ft ant. depressor . ant. ck/imsor humen) suture fiost.cle/ireiSor— its acclss.}^", '" '■1- , '' - to ant. dcJ^resiCir antde/iressor- Rnd /at. mature- - host defiress.- ■ ■f ^ . w*- (ti accssrs.i„^ ^ena labmfn moRdibk GOMPHUS mid- dorsal carina. /trlnci/iai 'elevator o. L. EORCIPATA 2/.L.RECTANGULARIS ^^2. E. HAGENI Z5. E.DIVAGANS ^^LINEQUALIS 23. E. HAGENI Z6. E.DIVAGANS ;?7 E.POLLUTUM ^g E.SIGNATUM ^9 E. EXSULANS 30. E.ASPERSUM 3). E. CIVILE az. E. LESTES ENALLACMA NORTH AMKRICAN HYMENOPTERA. 273 IVoteii) oil Bees, with ne^^vriptioiis of IS'ew Species. BY CHARLES ROBERTSON. Prosopis floridanns 9. — Black, opaque, first segment of abdomen shining; head and thorax densely and finely punctured; metathorax truncate, the disc coarsely reticulated, abdomen impuuctate; flagelluni testaceous beneath : a spot on clypeus, sometimes wanting, a spot on each side of face, extending half its length above clypeus, two spots on collar, tubercles, a spot on tegulse, and bases of all the tibise, pale yellow ; apical joints of tarsi testaceous, base of hind pair whitish ; wings hyaline, nervures testaceous, stigma and tegulfe dull, recurrent nervures uniting with transverse nervures, or slightly before them. Length .5 nim. Hah. — Florida ; seven specinieus % taken in Citrus County. This species closely resembles /-*. affinis Sm. It is distinguished from that species by its somewhat smaller size, its clearer wings, paler ornaments, by having the spots on the face more elongate and the hind tarsi whitish at base. Prosopis naininipes 9.— Black; the punctures rather coarse, more dense on head than on mesothorax; metathorax not truncate, enclosure rugose; a triangular spot on each side of face, two spots on collar, and tubercles yellow ; first, and base of second segment of abdomen rufous; legs, except bases of an- terior and middle pair fulvous; wings except base dusky, stigma and tegulse black, first and second submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent nervure near its apex. Length 7 mm. Hah. — Florida ; one specimen taken in Citrus County. This species closely resembles P. nelumhonis Rob. It is distin- guished by darker antennae and tegul?e, more sparsely punctured mesothorax, and especially by its fulvous legs. AiMlreiia cratsegi 9.— Black, shining; clypeus rather coarsely and sparsely punctured ; clothed with short, thin, pale pubescence, on the sides of the face and vertex the pubescence inclines to ochraceous; process of labrum small, triangular, truncate, apex of mandibles rufous: mesouotum and scutellum shining, sparsely punctured, clothed with pale ochraceous pubescence, which is short and thin, except on the sides; metathorax truncate, with long pubescence below, enclosure on the disc strongly rugose, but not enclosed with a salient rim ; wings fulvo-hyaline with a strong violaceous reflection, the apex clouded, ner- vures and stigma testaceous, tegulse dull; legs with ochraceous pubescence, the tarsal joints within with fulvous pubescence; apical joints of tarsi ferrurnaraents of the bisignata group are described in great detail, but, on account of the failure to discover certain structural characters, the effort to separate the spe- cies has proved hopeless, and the accumulation of specimens has seemed to prove that the forms are only varieties. I am not pre- pared to pass upon all of the originally proposed new species, but give the results of my study of the group as based upon specimens taken by myself in my own neighborhood (Carlinville, 111.). NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 275 Mandibles bideutate Bf. niaciilata. Mandibles simple. Fourth joint of antenufe nearly twice as long as third, seen from beneath, 9 abdomen 7-spotted Sf. cressoiiii. Fourth joint of antennse hardly longer than third. Last abdominal segment of % bifid, abdomen of 9 4-spotted N. sayi. Last abdominal segment of % entire, abdomen of 9 7-spotted. N. iiit<>$;ra. Male unknown, abdomen of 9 not spotted ]V. iucerta. IVoniada maciilata Cr. 9.— Mandibles bidentate, fourth joint of an- tenna little longer than third or fifth; head and thorax densely and coarsely punctured, abdomen shining, rather sparsely and finely punctured; ferruginous. apex of nmndibles, about the base of the antennae, about ocelli, cheeks beliind, line in middle of mesouotum, broader line on metathorax, bases of cosit, and sutures of thorax generally, bases of femora, hind tibiae within, hind metatarsi, base of abdomen and apical margins of segments above and beneath, more or less black or fuscous ; wings dusky, with usual pale lunule, nervures blackish, stigma dull ferruginous, tegulaj pale ferruginous, spot on each side of segments 1-5 yellow, those on last two segments small and rounded, or wanting, or, as in one specimen, only a small spot on each side of second. Length 7-8 mm. "J, .— Antennal joints and mandibles as in female, head black, mandibles, ex- cept tips, clypeus, inferior orbits extending narrowly on sides of face as high as ii'sertion of antenna? yellow, scape dull yellow beneath, flagelium pale ferru- ginous, with a fuscous line above more marked towards base; spot at summit of eyes, sometimes wanting, ferruginous or yellow; thorax black, line on collar more or less interrupted, tubercles and tegulse ferruginous or yellow ; mesonotum black, sometimes with two or four longitudinal ferruginous lines, scutellum en- tirely black or ferruginous, or with two ferruginous or yellow spots, post-scutel- lum black, ferruginous or yellow; pleura black, sometimes with a large yellow or ferruginous spot below, with or without a small ferruginous spot above it; wings hyaline, apical margins clouded ; legs ferruginous, sometimes varied with yellow, femora more or less black at base l)eneath, especially the posterior pair, hind tibiae, sometimes fuscous within; abdomen ferruginous; base, hasal and sometimes apical margins of segments fuscous, band or two spots on first segment often wanting, and transverse bands on remaining segments, more or less in- terrupted on the disc, yellow, apical segment bifid. Length 6-8 mm. iZ(x6.— Illinois ; fourteen female, thirty-two male specimens. Noiuada cre!$!«onii 9. -Mandibles simple; fourth joint of antennaj nearly twice as long as third ; dull ferruginous, antenna; fuscous above, apex of mandibles, about antennae and ocelli, cheeks posteriorly, sutures of thorax, me- dian stripe on mesonotum and on metathorax, broad baud from wings to middle coxae, bases of femora and hind metatarsi, base of abdomen and apical margins of segments black or fuscous; wings hyaline, marginal cell and apical margins clouded ; abdomen finely punctured, segments 2-3 with a spot on each side, fourth with two spots on each disc, fifth with transverse spot, all yellow Leno-th 8-9 mm. " " '^ -^ .—Resembles the female; face below antennae, labrum, mandibles except tips, scape beneath and inferior orbits yellow; superior orbits ferruginous, flagel- ium ferruginous, with a fuscous line above; mesothorax mainly ferruginous with TBANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. OCTOBER, 1893. 276 CHARLES ROBERTSON. black markings ; metathorax black ; anterior legs yellow, especially at the kuees posterior pairs ferruginous, femora at base beneath, more extensively on posterior pairs, and hind metatarsi blackish; abdomen ferruginous, black at base; spots on each side of segments 1-5, often wanting on first and united on fifth, yellow^ sixth segment with a trans^'erse spot, apical segment bifid. Length 7 — 9 ram. Hah. — Illinois ; four female, six male specimens. This is the var. ^> of Cresson's N. viaculata. Noiiiada integra 9 • — This species closely resembles the preceding, but is distinguished by its antennae having the fourth joint no longer than the third, by its smaller size, the ferruginous color more pale, wings more faintly dusky at tips ; abdomen with ornaments the same, but the spots pale yellowish, or whitish. Length 7 mm. % . — Apical segment of abdomen entire; head black, apex of clypeus, inferior orbits, scape beneath, mandibles, except tips, yellow; flagellum pale ferruginous, with a fuscous line above, wings faintly dusky at tips; thorax black, tubercles and tegulse exteriorly yellow, sometimes two spots on scutellnm yellow or ferru- ginous, anterior legs pale ferruginous, hind femora as usual largely black ; abdo- men pale ferruginous, black at base, segments 2-5 with whitish spots on each side, sometimes the spots are wanting, except on second and third, sixth with a transverse spot. Length 6-7 mm. Hab. — Illinois ; one female, eight male specimens. This is easily distinguished by its small size, equal joints of flagellum, whitish ornaments and entire apical segment of male. Noiiia-<; "eye." Decartliroii niariiiiini n. sp. — Form like D. Brendeli, impunctate, pu- besceiu-e white, moderately long, thinly distributed. Lenjftli 1.7 mm. The males differ fron) D. Brendeli (PI. IV, fig. 6) by having the antennjBnot modified and the distal third of the intermediate femora simply compressed, forming a sharp ridge above, but no tubercle or spine as in D. exactum. From D. abnorme it diflTers in the whole form, Golfview, Miss. ; New Orleans, La. (Hugo Soltau). Decartliron scarificafum n.sp. — Has the form o{ D.stigmosnm. Length 1.7 mm. Head with two large fovefe on the eye-line, twice as far apart as either from the eye ; two small punctures between the frontal tubercles, connected with the occipital fovese by a straight, faintly impressed line; prothorax sculp- tured with parallel longitudinal scars of equal length, each scar about four times longer than wide, fusiform, the base garnitured with a row of sharp punctures; elytral lines entire, abdominal basal carina, including half the width, appear as a continuation of the discal lines of the elytra. Iowa, Cedar Rapids. Decartliron seriepuiictalum u. sp. Length 1.2 mm. % . Form, size and color of D. formiceti, but the head has the occipital fovese very large, the frontal depression quite obsolete, the prothorax is less circular, widest rather behind the middle, the base wider and neck narrower; the elytra are visibly punctate in longitudinal rows, which are plainer on and near the sutural lines and on the lateral declivities; the pubescence is rather long and abundant; au- tennal joints decreasing in size from the base to the middle and thence increas- ing; the intermediate femur is not inflated as in D. formiceti, and as it is gauged from the middle, it does not present that enormous spine of D. formiceti, but simply two tubercles. Tennessee, H. Ulke. Bryaxis foveata Lee— Eed-brown, elytra and legs brighter, impunctate, pubescence very tine. Length 1.45 mm. Head large, frontal ridge angular, in- terantennal space depressed, fovea circular; pubescent and equal in size to the occipital fovese; antennae slender, joint 1 cylindrical, twice as long as wide, 2 as wide as 1, and one-half longer than wide, the following ones much narrower, 3 and 5 twice as long as wide; 4 and 6 shorter, 7 still shorter ; 8 as long as wide, 9 and 10 trapezoidal, increasing in width and length ; prothorax wider than long, all foveae very large, pubescent, and fully seen from above; elytra confusedly faintly punctulate; abdomen % with the first dorsal one-third as long as wide, the carinffi including one-half of the surface within the border, the middle of the posterior end raised from the base of the second, so as to form a triangular opening ; the second segment not produced as in B. Belfragei, but similarly trans- versely depressed at its base; the third is not modified ; the posterior tibiae are not dilated. Salt Lake, Utah. NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 279 Bryaxis Be/fragel Lee. has the second dorsal segment of the male excavated or depressed ; the depression, deepest at the base, takes in half the width of the segment, arcuate, indefinitely limited and shallow, and in the middle of the depression there is a carina rising from a small bilobed basal elevation. Bryaxis cylindrartus n. sp. % . — Piceous black, impunctate, thinly pu- bescent, elyti-a dark red ; antennje, palpi and legs brown. Length 1.4 mm. Head with three equidistant, equal, large, spongipubescent fovege, not more dis- tant mutually than their diameter; prothorax wider than the head, convex, lateral fovese not larger than those on the vertex, circular not fully seen from above, median fovea very small ; the base twice as broad as the neck ; elytra rather convex, thinly and minutely punctulate, shoulder width not exceeding the width of the prothorax, tip twice as wide as the base of the prothorax ; dis- cal lines very long, convergent ; first abdominal dorsal segment two-fifths as long as its width, with long divergent, at the base closely approximate cariufe ; an- tennae. (PI. IV, fig. 18) nearly as long as the head, prothorax and elytra together, all the joints cylindrical, none less than twice longer than wide, the fifth three times longer, the last as wide as the first, three times longer, and as long as the three penultimate together; the middle tibise spurred before the tip, and the coxae armed with a curved thorn. North Illinois. The 9 I have associated with this species. Bryaxis facilis Casey, according to the author's testimony by kindly naming a specimen for me, is nearly related to B. divergens, from which it differs by being narrower across the shoulders and the elytra impunctate. Bryaxis depressifrous n. sp. — Piceous black, impunctate, pubescence short, sparse, elytra red, with a dark brown basal fascia at the humeral calluses; legs, antennae afid palpi red. Length 1.3 mm. Head (PI. IV, fig. 17) from the mouth to the base longer than wide, prognathous, from the base to the frontal declivity one-half as long as the head is wide, eyes included ; the front trilobed or deeply bisinuate; the lobes elevated, leaving two furrows, each of them con- necting the large occipital foveae, which are nearer to the declivity than to the base, the larger medial elevation connects the occiput with the frontal declivity, the lateral elevation punctured, the declivity perpendicular, bearing at its bottom a transverse oval pubescent spot like B. compar ; clypeus and labruni simple and nearly horizontal; antennae with the first and second joint as thick as the last joint, eighth, ninth and tenth trapezoidal, very transverse, the inter- mediate globular or obconical in the third and fourth, about half as wide as the second ; elytral discal lines convergent, the abdominal basal cariuae short, including one-third of the segmental width. California, Alameda County (Chas. Fuchs). Three females, which ought not to be described, but their peculiarities which might lead to the discovery of the males. Bryaxis compar Lee. is identical with B. franciseana Casey (teste Casey). TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. OCTOBER, 1893. 280 E. BRENDEL, M. D. Bryaxis Wiclcliaini n. sp. — Unicolorous, fernicjinous, impuiictate. Length 1.4 nini. Head, frontal margin triangularly produced, bearing the cir- cular puhesceut fovea, which is equal with aud less distant from the occipital fovesE as the latter are mutually ; antennae % (PI. IV, fig. 19) longer than the head and prothorax, joints 1 and 2 equal, obconical, large, third aud fourth very small, globular, as large as the seventh or eighth ; the fifth largest, longer than wide, as thick as the last joint, with a perforate large fovea underneath, truncate at the tip, the sixth in form and size equal to the second ; ninth and tenth ob- conical, longer than wide, not quite as strong as the sixth; the last as long as the ninth and tenth togther ovate acuminate; prothorax very convex, the fovese not fully to be seen from above ; elytra with a subhumeral fovea on the declive side, slightly elongated backwards ; abdominal carinje including one-third of the segmental width. J . — Antennse not longer than the head and prothorax, the fifth and sixth are not as large, and the third, fourth, seventh and eighth not as small as in the % ; the fovea of the fifth joint, however, is present, though a very small puncture. From Caiion City, Col., discovered by H. F. Wickham. Batrisus siiiuatifrons n. sp. — Brown, elytra and legs red, tarsi and palpi yellow. Length 1.8 mm. Head orthognathous. vertex as long as wide, quadrate, sides parallel, edge extremely finely carinate, front broadly arcuate: disc scabrous, with two small nude punctures in the eye-line, mutually four times as distant as either from the eye ; no circumambient sulcus ; front (PI. IV, fig. 5) declive anterior to the autennal line, the short declive part bisinuate, leaving in the middle a black, shining, sharp-pointed tubercle, aud at each side a pendant, cylindrical, squarely truncated peg, crowned with short yellow hair; the clypeus rises from the labial base as a straight column crowned by two diver- gent tufts of hair, the lateral wings are edged and gradually more reflexed to- wards the upper lateral angle, which is turned straight forward, appearing from a side-view as a sharp horizontal spine; antenupe, joint 1 cylindrical, curved, three times longer than wide; 2 not much narrower oval, 3-8 equal in width, gradually shorter, 5 little stronger, 8 transverse, 9 transverse, wider, 10 twice as wide as 8, globose, the underside with the basal half sharply excavate. 11 not thicker ovate-acuminate; prothorax trisulcate, trifoveate, basal thorns large, sharp, continued anteriorly and posteriorly by short carinse, in the middle be- tween the base and the medial fovea is a distingued carinse; disc irapunctate : elytra broad shouldered, the lateral callus not armed, on the declive sides a con- spicuously impressed line rising from a subhumeral fovea; last palpal joint meniscus-shaped. 5 .—Clypeus faintly trilobed, continuous Avith the front, tenth autennal joint small. Memphis, Tenn. (Hugo Soltau). Batrisiis clypeonotus n. sp. — Dark umber-brown elytra; legs, palpi and club of the antennae red. Length 2.2 mm. % . Head prognathous, vertex quadrate, not arched in front, sides parallel edged, fovea small, nude, widely distant, grooves not deep, not connected in front, disc punctate, roof-shaped and carinate in the middle, margin densely punctate; frontal margin (PI. IV, fig. 4) on the declivity broadly arcuately bilobed ; in the middle of the interantennal excavation are to be seen two black teeth, rather far apart; clypeus slightly NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 281 carinate iu the middle of the rather broad tubercle, crowned with the usual two pencils of yellow hair, lateral upper angle of the wings largely reflexed, forming a three-edged pyramid, curved forward, one edge is formed by the lateral edge, the other by the upper edge of the clypeus, the third runs at the outside back- wards to the base of the antenuse; labruni emarginate, granulate; antennse: joint 1 twice as long as wide, flattened above, the flat surface divided longitu- dinally in an upper part smooth, shining, and a lower part granulated ; 2-3 cy- lindrical, slightly narrower at their bases, 8 transverse. 9 oval or thickly lentic- ular, 10 globose, not foveate, 11 not as thick as the tenth, ovate acuminate, not longer than the ninth and tenth together; prothorax Irisulcate, bicarinate from the middle to the tubercle, which is large acuminate and carinate anteriorly and posteriorly, the middle of the base carinate; elytra punctate, base trifoveate, humeral callus acute; first dorsal segment one-third as long as its width, basal impressions deep, carinulie one-fifth apart; posterior tibise with a thick spur near the tip inside. Ponchatoula, La. ; a single specimen (Hugo Soltau). Trimioplectiis ? parabolicus n. sp. (PI. IV, fig. 7;— Brownish yellow pubescence fine, dense, not as convex as T. obsoleius. Head wider than long, an- tennal tubercles prominent channeled, sulcus broadly parabolic connecting the pubescent fovese, base angularly impressed, but neither sulcate nor carinate, neck rather thick; palpi small, hardly longer than the second antennal joint; an- tennae: joint 1 rather short, 2 obovoidal large, 3-7 small globular, 8 slightly transverse, 9 as long as 8, and three times wider, 10 longer, and three times wider, 11 wider ovate ; prothorax wider than long, lateral fovese seen from above, connecting sulcus, angulated iu the middle, base minutely punctured; elytra nearly quadrate, the sutural basal punctures not farther apart than the lines; discal fovete deep, with a short elongation as long as one-fifth of the elytral length ; dorsal segments all nearly equal in length, base not carinate; ventrals, the second but little longer than the third; legs: the anterior thighs stronger, middle trochanter armed with a conical thorn. This is a doubtful member of the genus Trimiopledus, and does not compare more favorably with any other genus. Eiiplectns eloiigatiis n. sp.— Form and sculpture resembling Euplectus conflnens, but more robust. Length 1.4 mm. Head of the male shorter, more transverse, no frontal transver.se sulcus as in E. conjluens, otherwise like it in sculpture : prothorax nearly as wide as the head, much wider than in conjluens, impunctate, widest in the anterior third, where it is more angularly rounded than E. conflnens. and therefore appearing more transverse; elytra impunctate, sutural lines arcuate, discal lines reaching to half the length of the elytron; abdomen narrower than the elytra, side parallel, impunctate; ventral % sexual marks differ from E. conflnens. having the fifth ventral not modified, the sixth or penultimate deei)ly foveate in the middle, the last lozen-shaped and carinate From Chestnut Ridge, Pa. (Jerome Schmitt). I consider this species, with K conflnens and californicus, as cli- matical races of Pennsylvania, Illinois and California. Kliexiii!^ Schiiiitti u. sp.— Ferruginous yellow, impunctate, pubescence fine, more recumbent. Length 1.3 mm. Head more convex, the occiput carinate TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (36) OCTOBEK. 1893. 282 K. BRENDEL, M. D. in the middle, not sharply edjjed at the posterior declivity, the frontal margin transversely depressed and broadly angulate in front; prothorax (PL IV, fig. 20) with the sides slightly sinuate and mutually convergent in an angle of 72° an- teriorly, in the middle arcuate and nearly straight thence to the base, which latter is as wide as the length of the prothorax ; the fovea and grooves as in R. inscuJptus ; elytra with a basal elevated margin. 4 puncture and indications of four lines, the third the longest. Discovered by P. Jerome Schmitt in Pennsylvania (Henry Ulke, ibidem). Our species of Faromis, from the Pacific coast, Sharp and RafFray declare identical with Sagola Sharp ; and Sonoma cavifrons Casey identical with Sagola parvlceps Maklin. They seem to be widely distributed from Alaska (from whence 1 have the largest specimen, which is as long as F. tolulce Lee.) to San Francisco. Our Faronus tolulce, considered by LeConte a doubtful Faronus, seems to be neither Sagola nor Faronus, and will be investigated by M. A. Raffray. Euplectus rufipes Lee. (PI. IV, fig. 9) is said to be a convex form. The figure of a specimen from Iowa agrees with Casey's description, but is a true Euplectus, not resembling a Trimimn. Which is the true form ? " Aenisis (Desimia) dispar Sharp, described in the Biologia Cen- trali-Americana, was discovered by my friend, Mr. A. Bolter, in Arizona." Remarks on the Scydvicenidce. Scydmcenus gracilis Lee is not a Scydmmnus, neither is it a Chev- rolatia. There is nothing known to me with which it can be united. Euinicrus Caseyi n. sp. — Form similar to Cholerus Zimmermanni, slender, yellowish brown, polished, impunctate, pubescence abundant, not dense. Length of % 1.1 mm., of 9 1-4 mm. Head trapezeous, widest across the frontal quarter, where the outlines are shortly arcuate, nearly straight and convergent to the neck, the sides rounded, not edged, disc broadly convex, without any impression. Eyes on the sides of the front, in 'J, , as large as the second antennal joint, very flat, of a brown color (nyctalopic), not seen from above; in 9 less than one-third as large as in % and hardly perceptible. Antennae at the base nearly contiguous, separated by a very narrow septum ; 1st joint cylindrical, four times as long as wide ; 2d oval, as wide as 1st ; 3-8 globular, equal ; 9th nearly twice as wide and little longer than the 8th ; 10th larger than 9th, and of the same form ; 11th as long as 9th and 10th together, ovate on third longer than wide. Prothorax as long as wide, seemingly longer, widest one-third from the neck; neck one-half as wide as the base, lateral outlines arcuate anteriorly, slightly sinuate poste- riorly, hind angles rectangular; disc very convex, sides rounded, near the mid- dle of the base on each side a sharp puncture and a transverse, very faintly im- pressed line (in "J, more perceptible), connecting the puncture with a very shallow NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 283 lateral impression. Elytra widest in the middle, and one and two-thirds longer than wide, shoulders high, prominent, their width as wide as the prothorax, tip rounded, very broadly arcuate, nearly truncate. Pygidium triangular: meso- thorax carinate ; first ventral twice as long as the second, the last longer and convex in the 9 . short and concave in % . Pennsylvania. As a sliglit return of favors received this is named in honor of Capt. T. L. Casey. Seydnipeniis? ovithorax n. sp. (PI. IV, fig. 12),— Brown, impuuctate, thinly pubescent. Length 0.8 mm. Head three-fourths width of prothorax, nearly quadrate, the frontal margin tiipai-tite by short impressed lines, declive anteriorly. Eyes brown (nyctalopical j very flat and small on the anterior part of the sides and hardly to be discerned: antennal club 3-jointed. Piothorax obovate. without any impressions and rounded sides. Elytra together elliptical, shoulders obsolete, faintly depressed at the middle of the base of each elytron ; sutural lines faintly indicated at the basal fourth, the posterior part seems to be connate (wingless?); anterior cosse contiguous, posterior coxae small, mutually remote, femurs clavate, pedunculate, compressed : ventral segment six, the last very large, as long as the three preceding ones together. California, Santa Clara County. Ch. Fuchs. Like Scyd. minimus (PI. IV, fig. 13), this is a very doubtful Scycl- mcEiivs, but I prefer to leave it there until similar forms are discov- ered. Brachycepsis, of which I described B. Fnchsii (PI. IV, fig. 11) in- cludes all Scydmseni with " colluni imersum thorace" of LeConte's Synopsis and {teste Dr. Sharp) ought be retained in that new genus. EUTHIA Stephens. Until the present day the genus Euthia was never discovered in the United States of America. Our present species of the genus Euthiodes, supposed to be Euthia, diflTer in the form of the maxillary palpus, the third and fourth joint being united to a thick fusiform body sharply pointed, the antennae strongly geniculate, the posterior coxse mutually very moderately distant. Common with Euthia is the general form with the head short, pronotum arcuate, quadrate, edged on the sides, elytra finely margined, truncate or not covering the pygidium. The species known, according to LeConte's Synopsis, are : Elytra distinctly punctured, prothorax as wide as long, with five basal punctures. Length 1.0 mm. (Arizona) COloii Horn. Elyti-a faintly punctured, vertex foveate. Prothorax wider than long, with an abbreviated basal line. Length 1.1 nun. (Alaska, Oregon) scilula Maklin. Prothorax as long as wide, basal line entire, connecting three punctures (Cali- fornia) inipressa. Prothorax longer than wide, basal line connecting five punctures (California). loiigiila Lee. TRANS AM. ENT. SOC. XX. OCTOBEK, 1893. 284 E. BRENDEL, M. D. There are two specimens before me said to be E. scitula from Penn- sylvania and colon from Iowa, which do not agree with the above descriptions. Euthlndes lata n. sp. (PI. IV, fig. 15) the supposed colo7i, is coarsely, faintly and sparsely punctured at the sides of the elytra, otherwise impunctate; the vertex without impressions; the pronotum with median basal punctures, a longitudinally elongate fovea next to the posterior angle and between it and the medial one two confluent punctures; elytra one and one-half times longer than wide. The supposed E. scitula {Enthiodes cridaia n. sp.) (PI. IV, fig. 16) is extremely fine and sparsely punctulate and 0.66 mm. long; the head is carinate in the middle, on either side of the carina impressed ; the pronotum has an abbreviated basal line, a transverse, conspicu- ous fovea one-fifth of the length of the disc from the base, on either side in the middle between the medial and the anteriorly prolonged lateral fovea is a deep puncture ; the basal cornei's are explanate. Length 1.2 mm. Pennsylvania (Jerome Schmitt, H. Ulke). EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. Fig. 1. — Eupsenius glaber, long. 1 mm. " la. — Venter of same. '■ 2. — Antennae % and 9 Atinus moniJicornis. " 3. — Arianops amblyoponicus, long. 3.4 mm. " 4. — Face of Batrisiis clypeonotus. " 5.— Face of Bntrisus sinuatifrons. " 6. — Antennfe % and 9 Decarthron Brendelii. ■' 7. — TrimioplectHS parabolicns. " S.—Trimioplectus olsoletus, long. 1.2 mm. " 9. — Euplectus rufipes, long. 0.6 mm. " 10. — Rhe.cidius trogasteroides, long, 2 mm. ■' 11. — Brachycepsis Fnchsii, long. 1 mm. " 12. — Scydmseus {?) ovithorax, long. 0.8 mm. " 13. — Scydmseusif) minimus, long. 0-5 mm. " 14. — Cephennium anophthalmicum, long. 1 mm. " 15. — Euthiodes lata, long. 0.66 mm. ■' 16. — Euthiodes crisfata, long. 1.1 mm. '■ 17. — Head of Bryaxis depressifrons. " 18. — Antenna of Bryaxis cylindrartus. " 19. — Antenna of Bryaxis Wickhami. " 20. — Prothorax of Rhexius Schmilti. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. XX . PI. IV. -lOOcSoocccc? fi%% NORTH AMERICAN APTERA. 285 A Synopsis of the Harvest-Spiders (Plialaugiidee) of South Dakota. BY CLARENCE M. WEED. I am indebted to Messrs. J. M. Aldrich and T. A. Williams for an interesting collection of harvest-spiders from certain points in South Dakota, chiefly Brookings and Custer. These specimens on the whole are peculiar, because of the shortness of the legs and the tendency to melanism. Possibly the former may be due to the fact that in a prairie country long legs are less useful than in a wooded region ; this seems especially likely, in view of the fact that, while out-door forms have very short legs, P. cinereiim, which lives in sheds and about houses, has legs of normal length. With the exception of the male Trachyrhinus favosus and Liohu- num {f) calcar, the measurements given below are from South Dakota specimens. Family PHALANGIID^. Teguments soft or coriaceous. Five or six ventral segments ; the first very large and prolonged cephalad between the coxae. Anal piece unique or accompanied by two small lateral pieces. Two eyes situated upon a tubercle, always separated from the anterior border. Two transverse strise on the cephalothorax back of the eye-eminence. Lateral borders of cox^ free ; maxillary lobe of second pair always visible. Palpi elongate ; tarsus longer than tibia, terminated by a claw. Legs similar to each other; tarsi multi-articulate (Simon). Two subfamilies are represented in the collections at hand. They may be distinguished as follows : Body very hard and greatly roughened by reticulations or tubercles. Mesosomatinse. Body soft or subcoriaceous, not much roughened by reticulations or tubercles. Phalang-iinse . Subfamily Mesosomatin^. Body very hard, most of the dorsal segments being united in a firm, dense plate ; much roughened by tubercles or reticulations. In the males the posterior dorsal and the ventral abdominal segments TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XX. OCTOBER, 1893. 286 CLAKENCE M. WEED. have their margins developed into thin overlapping plates. Pores on margin of cephalothorax distinct. Anal piece unique ; maxillary lobe of palpi with two tubercles. The two genera of this subfamily are easily separated by the fol- lowing characters : Fourtb legs as long as second legs, or nearly so llesoi^iOllia. Fourth legs distinctly shorter than second legs Trachyrhiiiiis. MESOSOMA Weed, 189-2. Dorsum a firm hard plate, thickly studded with small, hemispher- ical tubercles. Eye-eminence of nearly equal height, length and breadth; not carinated. Palpi moderately robust, not branched, and furnished with many tubercles ; claw pectinate ; tooth on under- side of first joint of mandibles. Legs short, coriaceous, robust; second and fourth pairs of nearly equal length ; lateral pores on upper margin of cephalothorax distinct, subcircular. 9Ie<>iOMOina nigriiin (Say) Weed. Plate V. Fhalangium nigrum Say, Joitrn. Phila. Acad, vi, p. 66, Compl. Writings, ii, p. 14. Wood, Conim. Essex Inst. vi. p. 34. Astrobuniis (f ) nigrum, Weed, Aruer. Nat. vol. xiv, p. 917. Mesosoma nigrum. Weed, Amer. Nat. xxvi, 529. Male. — Body 6 mm. long. ; 4 mm. wide ; palpi 4 mm. long. Legs : first, 10 mm. ; second, 17 mm.; third, 11 mm.; fourth. 16 mm. Black; ventrum of cephalo- thorax including coxse, trochanters and base of femora, brown. In some speci- mens the apical portion of the legs, and more or less of the ground color of the dorsum is brownish black. Dorsum thickly studed with small hemispherical black granules or tubercles. Segmentation of abdominal scutum indicated by faint impressed lines. Eye-eminence longer than high, not canaliculate; cov- ered with black tubercles like those on the dorsum. Palpi black, all the joints slightly arched, robust, with none of the angles prolonged ; furnished with more or less scattered black tubercles and spinose hairs ; mandibles blackish. Legs short, robust, granulate; ventral surface of abdomen blackish brown, granulate. Genital organ of male "slender, proximally subcylindrical, then flattened and slightly expanded into a broad, somewhat circular, very thin, alate portion, then suddenly contracted and bent at an obtuse angle, ending in a very fine point." Female. — Body 2 mm. long; 5 mm. wide. Palpi 4.5 mm. Legs: first, 10 mm.; second, 17 mm. ; third, 11 mm. ; fourth, 16 mm. Besides its larger size it differs from the male in having less black on the ventral surface, which is cinnamon- rufous, spotted with black ; mandibles brown, black above, and the outer mar- gins of the dorsum of the abdomen smooth without the black tubercles which form a large distinct quadrangular plate on the middle of the abdomen, and a transverse plate on each of the three posterior segments. The smooth margins are brown. Described from many specimens. Brookings. This remarkable species seems to be rather common in South Dakota. NORTH AMERICAN APTERA. 287 TRA€KYRIII»JCJS Weed, 1892. Body very hard ; dorsum a large plate, with a rough, coarsely punctate surface. Front margin of cephalothorax furnished with two denticulate tubercles. Eye-eminence prominent, with two rows of large tubercles having spinose tips. Legs rather long, thickly beset with spinose tubercles. Pores on margin of cephalothorax rather small, oval ; palpal claw smooth ; inner distal angle of femur very slightly and of patella quite strongly developed. First joint of mandible furnished with a tooth on lower surface. Second legs decidedly longer than fourth. Tracliyrhiiiiis favosus (Wood) Weed. Phalangium favosum Wood, Comm. Essex Institute, vol. vi, pp. 28-29. Astrobunus (?) favosum (Wood). Weed, Amer. Nat. vol. xxiv, p. 917. Trachyrhinris favosus (Wood). Weed, Amer. Nat. vol. xxvi, p. 529; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xix, 193, pi. 10. 3IaJe. — Body 7 mm. long; 5 mm. wide. Legs: first, 21 mm.; second, 40 mm. third, 21 mm. ; fourth, 26 mm. Body and members black, more or less mottled with gray; body very hard, dorsum nearly square and quite level, having pro- jecting angles on the anterior lateral corners; grayish, spotted with black, and a faint central marking; coarsely punctate "so as to have a worm-eaten, almost honey-combed appearance." Eye-eminence slender, rather high, light brown, with several robust acute spines, which are at their bases gray, but are tipped with black. Palpi roughened with numerous small blackish spines and spinose hairs; inner distal angle prolonged in a pointed, conical protuberance. Legs stout, thickly beset with spines. Female. — Body 7 mm. long; 4.5 mm. wide; palpi 4 mm. long. Legs: i, 18 mm. ; ii, 32 mm. ; iii, 17 mm. ; iv, 25 mm. Similar to male. A very peculiar and rather common species. Brookings. Subfamily PnALANGiiNiE. Teguments soft or subcoriaceous, not greatly roughened. Segments indicated by strise, which are often obsolete. Five ventral segments ; a single anal piece ; two lateral pores easily seen ; maxillary lobe of palpus with two tubercles. The tw^o genera occurring in South Dakota are distinguishable by the character mentioned below. A tooth on ventral surface of first joint of mandibles Laler than dorsum, of a nearly uniform, light brown tint; coxae tuberculate, tips white; trochanters black. Legs long, slender, black or brown- ish black; generally, though not always, with apical tenth of tibiae of second pair white. Shaft of genital organ flattened, contracted near its distal extremity and bent upward, terminating in an acute point. Female. — Body 5 mm. long; 3 5 wide. Third legs, 30 mm. long. Body larger and legs shorter than in male. Dorsum mottled brown and black, with a distinct dark central marking, twice interrupted on posterior third of abdomen. Legs brown, with whitish annulations at many of the joints. Palpi colored as in % . The short legs and melanistic tendencies distinguish this subspecies from the normal form in other regions. The blackness of part of the palpal joints, of the eye eminence, and of the margin of the eephalothorax, are all very pronounced. Nan]ed for Mr. J. M. Aldrich. Liiobiiiiiiin bicoloi* (Wood) Weed. Phalangium bicolor Wood, Comm. Essex Inst, vi, 28. Liobunum bicolor Weed, Am. Nat. xxi, 935; xxvii, 295. Male. — Body 5 mm. long ; 3.5 mm. wide ; palpi 4 mm. long. Legs : i, 20 mm. ; ii, 38 mm. ; iii, 21 mm. ; iv, 31 mm. Dorsum brownish black, with a faint indi- cation of a lighter central marking, and a large, brown, quadrangular, reticu- lated patch on the central portion of the dorsum of abdomeu, behind which are two other transverse reticulated bands. There are also on the dorsum of the abdomeu more or less distinct transverse rows of whitish tubercles with black tips. Eye eminence prominent, brown, lightly canaliculate, with a row of well- developed, acute, brown tubercles on each carina. Mandibles light yellowish brown, smooth, with only a few indistinct whitish hairs. Palpi short, light brown, with femur and patella more or less dusky ; all joints except tarsi, with numerous small spinose tubercles; ventral surface, iucluding coxae, brownish white ; a transverse row of minute tubercles on each abdominal segment; coxae closely tuberculate. Legs light brown, very sleuder, long; proximal joints with rows of acute conical tubercles. Female. — In this sex there is a large, triangular, reticulated patch on ae eephalothorax, the posterior portion includiug the eye eminence; between this and the quadrangular patch on abdomeu is a smooth grayish black space, which is interrupted by a transverse reticulated band. A rare species. Taken at Brookings and Custer, S. D. Liiobiiiiiiin (?) calcar (Wood) Weed. Phalangium calcar Wood, Comm. Essex Inst, vi, 26. Liobunum- (?) calcar, Weed, Am. Nat. xxi, 935. 3Iale. — Body 7.5 mm. long; 4.5 mm. wide. Legs: first, 31 mm.; second, 56 mm.; third. 32 mm. ; fourth, 40 mm. Body pyriform. Dorsum reddish brown, minutely tiiberculate; some specimens having a faint indication of a central NORTH AMKRICAN APTERA. 291 marking, and scattered light colored spots. Eye eminence of n)oderate size, of nearly equal lieight, length and breadth; blackish above; slightly canaliculate, with a row of small, acute tubercles ou each carina. Mandibles yellowish brown, with obscure markings of a darker color, especially on the inner dorso-lateral surface of the second joint, where they are arranged in the form of a series of irregular parallelograms; dorsal surface of second joint sparsely clothed with stiff hairs; tips of claws black. Palpi long, very robust; dark reddish brown, lighter distally ; femur enlarging from base to apex, with a very robust spur-like process on its outer ventro-lateral surface, near the distal extremity, the anterior edge of which is provided with a row of short black tubercles; dorsal surface of femur with numerous scattered, short, black tubercles, and a few also on the proximal portion of the inner ventro-lateral surface; sparsely provided with spinose hairs; patella short, thick, so united with the femur as to form an arch ; with sparse hairs and a few scattered tubercles on its dorsal and outer lateral surfaces; tibia arched, densely clothed with long, black hairs; a patch of short, black tubercles on the proximal portion of its ventral surface, and a short row of similar tubercles on the apical portion of its inner ventro-lateral surface; tarsus terminating with a short, denticulate claw. Ventrum light reddish brown ; coxae reddish, with a few short hairs; two anterior pairs with a row of subobso- lete tubercles on the cephalic border. Legs reddish brown, with darker annu- lations; joints near body having rows of short spines. Shaft of genital organ very robust, flattened, distally contracted and curved, and terminating in a short acute point. No fully developed specimens of this species were present in tlT^ collections at hand, and the above measurements and description are taken from individuals from Illinois and North Carolina. I presume adult Dakota forms will have much shorter legs than the above measurements, and shall not be surprised if they prove sufficiently distinct for a subspecific name. I have never been able to determine definitely the female of this species. Until this sex is found we shall be unable to sav definitely whether the species belongs to Liohunum or not. PHAI.AKGIUM Linne, 1758. Teguments soft; dorsum furnished with small, acute tubercles, lateral pores large, elongate-oval ; first joint of mandibles with no tooth on lower surface. Palpi simple, sometimes having the inner distal angle of the patella very slightly i)roduced, but never pro- longed into a process ; claw not pectinate ; maxillary lobe of second pair of legs much longer than wide, gradually narrowing from the base to apex, directed obliquely forward. Legs long, more or less robust. Eye eminence of medium size, canaliculate, provided with two series of pointed tubercles. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. OCTOBEK, 1893. 292 CLARENCE M. WEED. Plialaiigiuiii cinereuin Wood. Phalangmm cinereum Wood, Comm. Essex Inst. vol. vi, p. 25; Weed, Amer. Nat. vol. xxvi, p. 32; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xix, p. 269, pi. xvi. Male. — Body 7 mm. long; 4.8 mm. wide; palpi 5 mm. long. Legs: first, 29 mm. : second, 51 mm. ; third, 29 mm, ; fourth, 38 mm. Dorsum ash-gray, some- times more or less brownish, with a wide, vase-shaped central marking, which is sometimes obsolete. There is a transverse series of small spinose tubercles behind the eye eminence, another row on posterior border of cephalothorax, and one row on each abdominal segment except the last two; a curved series of similar tubercles is found in front of the eye eminence. These tubercles have whitish bases and acute black apices, and generally also have a spinose hair arising on one side near the apex of the white portion and reaching beyond the tip of the tubercle. In front of eye eminence there are two longitudinal series of three each of these tubercles. Lateral borders of cephalothorax subsinuate. Eye eminence low, canaliculate, with a series of five or six tubercles like those on dorsum on each carina. Mandibles brownish white, tips of claws black ; second joint and apical portion of first joint fui'nished with short, black, stiff hairs. Palpi light brown, rather slender, first four joints with minute tubercles and short black hairs; none of the angles prolonged; tarsal joint without tu- bercles, but with bail's; claw moderately robust. Venter, including coxae, light grayish brown, with many somewhat quadrangular patches of a more pronounced brown, and scattered blotches of chocolate-brown. Trochanters light brown, with many small tubercles; remaining joints of legs cinnamon-brown, more or less annulated with lighter and deeper shades; angular, with longitudinal rows of black spines: sheath of genital organ subcylindrical, truncate; shaft robust, with two lateral oval openings near distal extremity, then contracted into a blunt scoop-shaped piece, turned upward at nearly a right :ingle and terminating in a slender, acute point. Female. — Body 8 mm. long: 5 mm. wide; palpi, 5 mm. long. Legs: first. 23 mm.; second, 42 mm.; third, 29mm.; fourth, 31 mm. Differs from male as follows: Body larger, rounder. Dorsum darker gray, more mottled, central marking more distinct; tubercles on dorsum smaller, those on eye eminence more numerous, and those forming the longitudinal series in front of eye emi- nence also more numerous. Palpi with hairs, but without tubercles. Legs with annulations more distinct; trochanters without tubercles; spines on femur less prominent, and those on tibia obsolete; narrow quadrangular patches on venter of abdomen arranged in transverse series. Distal joints of ovipositor blackish ; about thirty in number. Brookings, South Dakota. «»> — ■ EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. Fig. 1. — Mesosoma nigrum % . Natural size. " 2. — Parts of same. Magnified. ■• 2a.— Body. '• 26. — Eye eminence. Side view. " 2c. — Eye eminence. Front view. " 2d. — Palpus. Side view. '• 2e. — Claw of jialpus. Side view. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. XX. PI. V, MESOSOMA nigrum (Say). NORTH AMERICAN APTERA. 293 THE COSIHETID.E OF THE UNITED STATES. BY CLARENCE M. WEED. The family Cosmetidte belongs to the suborder Mecostethi (Lania- tores Thorell) of the order Opileonea. The first species from the United States was described* by Thomas Say as Gonyleptes ornatum, from specimens taken in Georgia and Florida. In 1868, Dr. H. C Wood describedf a form from Texas under Say's name, concerning the identity of which he expresses doubt. Several years later E. Simon, in his Essai d'une Classification des Opileones Mecostethi, | states that G. oniatiis probably belongs to the genus Cynorta, and that the Texas species described by Wood is different from Say's Florida species ; he proposes to call the former C Sayi. Finally, in 1884, Wm. Sorensen, in his Opileones Laniatores Musei Hauni- ensis,§ described as Cosmetus albolineatus, a species from New Orleans, which he says perhaps belongs to the genus Cynorta. The present study is based upon a collection of nearly two hun- dred specimens from Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Illinois and Florida. Those from Illinois belong to the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, while the others are in my own collection. The accompanying plate was drawn by Miss Freda Detmers. Family COSMETID^. Two front pairs of legs with one claw ; two hind pairs with two claws ; spiracles conspicuous ; hind coxse united to abdomen ; palpi short, with femora compressed ; tibia lamellate on both margins ; tarsus short, armed with a short, strong claw. The three species of tliis family as yet found in the United States all appear to belong to the genus Cynorta of C. Koch, which is char- acterized by Simon|| substantially as follows: Body usually longer thau broad, with scutum slightly convex and not de- pressed in middle; scutum and ocular tubercle more or less tuberculate ; palpal "'■■■ Journ. Phila. Acad. 1st ser. v. 2, p. 68. t Comm. Essex Inst. v. vi, p. 37. t Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de Belgique, 1879, p. 200. § Naturbist. Tidskrift, ser. iii, vol. xiv, p. 592. II Ann. Soc. Ent. de Belgique, 1879, p. 190. TBANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. OCTOBEE, 1893. 294 clarp:nce m. weed. patella not lamellate. Legs rather short, more or less robust, first tarsus 6-jointed, with first Joiut.not much longer than the rest, and joints 1, 2, 3, or 4 thickened, third and fourth tarsi slender. In order to consider that in these species the first tarsus is 6-jointed, one must include the joint at the end of the metatarsus attached to the latter by an oblique false articulation (see plate vi, fig. 2, e). The thickening of these first tarsi is also not very distinct. The three United States species of Cijnorta may be separated by the following key : Posterior pair of abdominal tubercles very prominent; four or five times as large as anterior pair C'. oriiala. Posterior pair of abdominal tubercles little larger than anterior. Dorsum with a distinct yellow Y connected posteriorly with a distinct trans- verse yellow line C. albolineata. Dorsum without, or with very little yellow marking €'. sayi. Cynoria sayi Simon. Gonyleptes ornatum Wood, Comm. Essex Inst, vi, 37. Cynorta sayi Simon, .Inn. de la Soc. Ent. de Belgique, 1879, p. 200. Body 6 mm. long; 5 mm. wide. Legs: first, 8.5 mm. ; second, 13.5 mm. ; third, 11.5 mm.; fourth, 15 mm. General color ferruginous brown, more or less blotched with a darker shade. Legs dusky toward distal ends. In some speci- mens there is a more or less distinct yellow marking on dorso-mesou behind eye eminence, and a transverse line near posterior margin of abdominal scutum. Eye eminence very low and wide, with a longitudinal depression between the black eyes; a pair of small, low, blunt tubercles on abdominal scutum, just back of suture between cephalothorax and abdomen ; another similar pair about 2 mm. caudad of this, and behind the latter are three similar tubercles arranged transversely. The central portion of the abdominal scutum is finely and re- motely tuberculate, and its margins together with the margins of the posterior abdominal segments (both on dorsum and ventrum) are much more distinctly tuberculate, the tubercles being rounded, and on the segments arranged in trans- verse rows ; a large, distinct, slightly curved tooth is on the outer dorsal surface of the hind margin of each posterior coxa. Legs furnished with longitudinal rows of small acute tubercles. Mandibles short, first joint with a large truncate tubercle-like projection on the dorsal surface of its distal half; second joint rounded and swollen, with its claws unequal, the larger one being curved, and both having not very distiuct teeth. Palpi short, robust ; femur compressed, its lower surface crenulate; patella arched, swollen from base to extremity; tibia much flattened, margined at the side ; tarsus short, its lower edge furnished with a few spiuose hairs, armed with a strong curved claw. Genital organ of male '' straight, cylindrical, distally much enlarged and abruptly truncated, its end furnished on each side with three curved, hook-like spines."*' Described from many specimens. Houston and Harwood, Texas (H. F. Wickham) ; Brazos County, Texas (N. Banks). •■■- Wood. NOKTH AMERICAN APTEKA. 295 Cyiiorta alboliiieata (Sorenseu) Weed. Plate vi. Cosmetus alholineutiis Soreuseu. Natur. Tidsskrift, ser. iii. vol. xiv, p. 592. Body 5 mm. long; 4 mm. wide. Legs: first, 8 mm.; second, 15 mm. ; third, 11 mm.; fourth 15 mm. General color dark reddish brown, with apical portions of legs dusky. Dorsum striped with light yellow, as follows: a distinct V en- closing the eye eminence and having a straight line running on dorso-meson from base of V back to a rather wide, transverse, wavy line running across ab - dominal scutum just back of the posterior pair of tubercles. Between the two pairs of tubercles on abdominal scutum are two transverse lines, and on the side margins of the scutum there is more or less blotching with yellow. These blotches and the last-named transverse lines, and sometimes e%'en the line on the dorso-meson, are often suhobsolete, represented only by scattered yellow dots. Eye eminence very low and wide, with a longitudinal depression between the black eyes and a few small tubercles over the eyes ; a pair of small, rounded tubercles on abdominal scutum, slightly behind base of V ; another similar pair about 1 5 mm. caudad of this front pair, the hind ones being about twice as large as the front ones. There are a few small and scattered tubercles on the central portion of the abdominal scutum, and its margins together with the margins of the posterior abdominal segments (both on dorsum and ventrum) are much more distinctly tuberculate, the tubercles being rounded and on the segments arranged in transverse rows; a moderate tooth on outer dorsal surface of hind margin of each posterior coxa. Mandibles and palpi similar to those of C. sayi. Described from many sj^ecimens ; Agricultural College, Missis- sippi (H. E. Weed) ; Macomb, Miss. (F. S. EarleJ ; Morgan City, La. (H. F. Wickham) ; southern Louisiana (H. E. Weed) ; southern Illinois (H. Garman). Cyiiorta oruata (Say) Simon. Gonyleptes ornatum Say, Jour. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1st series, vol. ii, p. 63. Cynorta ornata Simon, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de Belgique. 1879, p. 200. Body 6 mm. long; 5 mm. wide; palpi 3.5 mm. long. Legs: first, 10mm.; second, 18 mm. ; third, 14 mm. ; fourth, 19 mm. General color dark ferruginous brown ; tarsi dusky, sometimes having a greenish tinge. Dorsum striped with canary-yellow as follows: a distinct V enclosing eye eminence, the base of the V being on dorso-meson half way between eye eminences and first pair of ab- dominal tubercles and the sides reaching nearly to margin of cephalothorax at a point as far cephalad as is the anterior border of eye eminence; from the base of the V an interrupted line runs caudad almost to the large posterior tubercles, the back half of this line is only indicated by isolated dots; just caudad of the front pair of abdominal tubercles there is a transverse line extending nearly two-thirds across the abdominal scutum, crossing the longitudinal line on dorso- meson at right angles: half way between this line and the posterior tubercles runs another similar line which is often interrupted on the dorso-meson. Start- ing at the cephalo-mesal corner of the base of each of the posterior tubercles a distinct line runs around the base behind, and then proceeds obliquely forward and outward until it reaches near the margin, it then curves and proceeds ob- liquely backwards to the margin. There is also an interrupted yellow blotch on each outer margin of the abdominal scutum opposite the anterior transverse TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. OCTOBER, 1893. 296 CLARENCE M. WEED. transverse stripe. The degree of distinctness of these markings varies miicli in different specimens. The eye eminence is very broad and low, with a slight longitudinal depression between the black eyes. The first pair of tubercles is about 2 mm. behind the eye eminence ; these tubercles are close together, small, low, conical and truncate. The tubercles of the second pair are situated near the posterior margin of the abdominal scutum; they are nearly 1.5 mm. high, project upward and backward, and are obtusely pointed. There is a single tu- bercle very similar to those on the dorso-distal margin of each posterior coxa; posterior abdominal segments with rows of equidistant rounded tubercles, giving a crenulate appearance. The inner hind margin of posterior trochanters pro- vided with a single well-developed tubercle. Innei' sides of posterior legs cov- ered with longitudinal rows of small rounded tubercles, other legs furnished with longitudinal rows of much smaller tubercles. Mandibles short, first joint with a large, truncate, tubercle-like projection on the dorsal surface of its distal half; second joint rounded and swollen, furnished with a few hairs; claws un- equal, larger one curved, both provided with teeth. Palpi short, robust ; femur compressed, furnished with about five compressed, rounded teeth on ventral surface ; patella arched, swollen from base to extremity, its inner margin slightly roughened; tibia much flattened, margined at the sides; tarsus short, its lower edge furnished with a few spinose hairs; armed with a strong, curved claw. Described from many specimens; Inverness, Fla. (C. M. Weed). In southern Florida in the Winter of 1891-92 I found this s])ecies often exceedingly abundant in the pine woods under logs. Some- times thirty or forty would occur under a single log. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. Fig. 1. — Cynorta albolineata. Natural size. " 2. — Parts of same magnified : a, body; b, eye eminence, side view; c. eye eminence, front view ; d, palpus, side view ; e, first tarsus ; /, second tarsus. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. XX. PI. VI. Cynorta albolineata. NORTH AMERICAN HOMOPTERA. 297 SEVEI¥TII CONTRIBUTION TO A KNOWI.EnOE OF CERTAIN EITTEE-KNOWN APHIDII>vE.» BY CLARENCE M. WEED. The observations upon which the present paper is based were made during the Autumn of 1890 at Columbus, Ohio, and the Autumns of 1891 and 1892 at Hanover, N. H. The drawings illustrating this paper were made by Miss Freda Detmers, under my direction, and the photograph for Plate VII was kindly taken for me by Dr. H. H. Lamson. Siphocoryne salicis Mouell. This species was abundant at Hanover on the leaves and twigs of willow during October and November, 1892. As the leaves fell the sexed forms congregated upon the twigs where the oviparous females deposited their eggs in the crevices about the buds. These eggs are nearly as long as those of MelcDioxanthiLS sallcis, in connection with which they often occur, but they are much more slender. Winged Male. — Body 2 mm. long; 0.8 mm. wide; head to tip of folded wings, 4 ram.: anteniise, 1.1 mm.; wing expanse, 7 mm. Head blackish; prothorax yellowish or greenish, with a large dusky patch covering most of dorsum ; mesa- and metathorax blackish with a little yellow about base of coxse. Eostrum reaching second coxse, yellowish brown, with a dusky tip. Eyes reddish ; post- ocular tubercles not very prominent. Abdomen yellowish green, often light green, with dusky dots on margins, and large transverse dusky spots on terga of anterior segments; tip of abdomen dusky. Antennae black, third joint lon- gest, a little longer than iv plus v; joints iv, v and basal part of vi subequal ; apical part of vi a little longer than its basal portion, and only about half as long as third joint. Wing membrane a trifle dusky because rather thickly fur- nished with very minute .scale-like objects. Tegulse and wing insertions brown- ish yellow; veins and stigma dusky, especially away from body; cornicles and Cauda blackish, former long and reaching to end of abdomen. A small, acute tubercle on dorsum of penultimate abdominal segment; much less conspicuous than similar tubercle in oviparous female. Legs yellowish brown, with tips of femora and tibite and all of tarsi blackish ; hind pair darker than the others. Described from several living specimens on Salix, Nov. 10, 1892 ; some seen in copula with the oviparous form. Oviparous Female. — Body 2 mm. long; 1 mm. wide ; antennje 0.7 mm. General color varying from apple green to ochraceous-rufous : oftenest approaching latter, and usually being colored like the buds near which the specimen is stationed, * The previous contributions to this series have been published as follows: first, "Psyche," vol. v, pp. 123-134; second, "Psyche," vol. v, pp. 208-210; third. Bulletin Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Second Series, vol. i, pp. 148- 152; fourth. Bulletin Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Series, vol. i, pp. 111-120; fifth, "Insect Life," vol. iii, pp. 285-293; sixth, Bull. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist. v. iii, pp. 207-214. TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (38) NOVEMBER, 1893. 298 CLARENCE M. WEED. probably because of coloring matter in sap consumed. Dorsum of head usually nearly covered with two large, subquadrangular, dusky patches, which some- times run together. Dorsum of prothorax with three more or less distinct small spots arranged iu a triangle near margins; and one transverse spot on each side of dorsc-mesou near front margin ; rest of dorsum with a longitudinal marginal and submarginal row of indented blackish dots on each side. In the green specimens the dorsum shows two longitudinal rows of large, transverse, quad- rangular, slightly dusky patches. Antennae short, nearly unicolorous with head or else light wood-brown, from base to apical fourth of third joint; from there to tip dusky, first and second joint normal ; third longest, about equal to iv plus v, which are subequal; basal part of joint vi a little longer than v, and same length as its apical portion. The median portion of the tergum of the penultimate abdominal segment produced into a prominent, subconieal, truncate tubercle, projecting caudad ; this is generally dusky at tip. Eyes dark, post- ocular tubercle not very prominent; cornicles dusky, especially at tip; more than half as long as antennae; slightly expanding toward tip, then suddenly contracting and ending with a flange; cauda well developed, dusky at tip; ros- trum short, barely reaching second coxae, dusky at tip. Legs light wood-brown, with tips of tibiae and all of tarsi of first two pairs, and all of tibiae and tarsi of hind pair dusky. Described from many specimens on Salix, at Hanover, N. H., Nov. 10, 1892. One had three eggs in abdomen. Egg_ — Length 0.8 mm. Suboval, one side (that by which attached) usually being nearly straight, and the other much curved ; yellowish when first ex- truded, but soon changing to shining black. Deposited in crevices between buds and twigs. Described from many specimens on Salix, Nov. 10, 1892. Aplii!^ euonymi. In the Autumn of 1890 the oviparous forms of Aphis euonymi were common on the leaves and twigs of the burning bush (Euony- vms atropurpurem) in the vicinity of Columbus, Ohio. Oviparojis Female. — Length L5 mm. : width across abdomen 0.6 mm. ; antennae, 0.7 mm. Body obovate, tapering to a point; a row of indentations near outer .^-nf^ Fig. 1. — Aphis euonymi: a, oviparous female, magnified; 6, liead and antenna of same, greatly magnified ; c, e^rgs on twig, masnified. end of margin. Color deep, dark brown, bronzy iu some lights; antennae dusky, except proximal half of third joint, which is whitish; first two pairs of legs with coxae, unicolorous with body, femora and tibiae whitish or yellowish, with NORTH AMERICAN HOMOPTERA. 299 dusky tips, aud tarsi dusky; posterior pair dusky throughout. Prothorax with lateral tubercles. Antennse 5-jointed; joint iii long, longer than iv plus the basal part of v ; terminal part of v quite long, with several very small pores ; v imbricated; cornicles short, cylindrical concolorous with body; cauda well developed, pilose. i;(/(7 0 5 mm. long. Oval, shining black, though green when first laid. De- posited on the twigs about the buds. Aphis coriiifoliae. On Nov. 1, 1892, I found numbers of this species on the leaves and branches of the common Red Osier Dogwood {Cornus doloni- fera). The forms present were the winged viviparous females (re- turn migrants), winged males, oviparous females and eggs. Each of these forms corresponded precisely with the descriptions of similar forms taken in Illinois in 1887 recorded in the first of this series of contributions.* The conditions were also the same as regards the establishing the colonies of the oviparous females by the winged re- turn migrants and the flying in of the males. No indications were seen of the development of either of these winged forms on Cormis, and I have no doubt that the species passes the Summer on some other plant. Aphis inali Linn. Observations on the Autumn history of this species in New Hamp- shire showed a condition of things exactly similar to what I have found in Michigan, Illinois and Ohio during the last ten years. Early in September the previously unoccupied apple leaves begin to be colonized by winged return migrants that give birth to the ovi- parous females. Later the males fly in. The eggs are deposited on the twigs and buds. Oviparous Female.— Body 1.4 mm. long; 0.7 mm. wide; antennte. 0.6 mm. long. Commonest color of fully matured specimens chromium green (Eidg. x, 12), but some specimens light apple green (Eidg. x, 20, but lighter) aud more rarely a brown form occurs. In the green specimens the antennae and legs are dusky, especially toward their tips ; and there is a more or less distinct yellowish brown patch at the base of the cornicles. Cornicles rather short, slightly flanged at tip; darker than body. Third joint of antennaj a little more than twice as long as fourth; basal part of fifth distinctly shorter than fourth ; apical part of fifth distinctly longer than third. Eostrum reaching as far as anterior margin of posterior coxae ; dusky at tip. Style short, dusky. Described from many living specimens ovipositing on twigs of Fyrus malus at Hanover, N. H., Nov. 7, 1892. Winged Viviparous Female. Return Migrant.— Body 2 mm. long; head to tip of folded wings, 4.2 mm. ; antenna?, 1.2 mm.; wing expanse, 1 mm. Head and thorax black, with connecting membrane greenish; abdomen apple-green or oil- green, usually latter, with marginal rows of black spots on dorsum. In older specimens that have nearly finished bearing young, the abdomen may become * Psyche, vol. v, pp. 123-125. TBANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. NOVEMBEK, 1893. 300 CLARENCE M. WEED. almost black. Legs black, except bases of femora, which are brown ; tegiilie oil-green; wing insertions yellowish ; veins and stigma yellowish brown, lighter near body; stigma darker than the veins, sometimes dusky. Antennae on sliglit frontal tubercles, black ; joint iii equal to iv plus v ; iv a little longer than V; basal part of vi short, a little more than half as long as v; distal part of vi distinctly longer than iii, with three minute spines at tip, the inner longest and recurved. Cornicles dusky, of medium length, very slightly swollen from base outward, flanged at tip. Style well developed, sides parallel till toward tip, where they contract to meet in a right angle. Described from iiitviiy living specimens on Pyrus malus, Nov. 4, 1892, Hanover, N. H. IVlelaiioxaul litis salivti (Harr.). This species is very abundant in Hanover, often almost covering large trees. Its habits and appearance here are precisely Lke the species as I found it in Ohio, and described in previous contributions of this series. Large numbers of the wingless forms were affected by a small Hymenopterous parasite. illelaiioxaiitliiis jitalicis (L.). This species occurred commonly about Hanover during the Au- tumn of 1892. The form, color and habits were precisely like those observed in Ohio, except that wingless males — a form not before found, were rather common. Wingless Hale. — Body 2.4 mm. long; 1 mm. wide; auteunge 1..t mm. long. Body flattened, elongate, and with legs and antennae very hairy. Dorsum bluish black, with more or less glaucous bloom, and a faint indication of a whitish, central, longitudinal marking, and a row of indistinct white dots along dorsal margin at each side of abdomen. In some specimens dorsum of head and thorax, slightly tinged with brown. Basal half of autennse brown, the rest black; eyes black; cornicles orange-yellow, paler at base and tip; ventrum drab- brown, darker toward cauda. Legs russet-brown, with coxae unicolorous with ventrum, with tips of femora (especially in last pair) and tibia together with all of tarsi, blackish ; rostrum drab-brown at base, dusky toward tip. Third joint of antennae longest, but much shorter than joint iv plus v, the latter being subequal ; vi and vii also subequal, the two together being about as long as v. Third joint with many pores; a well-developed tubercle on each side of the prothorax. Described from many living specimens, one of which was seen in copula with an oviparous female, taken on iSalix at Hanover, N. H., October, 1892. IVIelaiioxanthtis flocculosus Weed. A few colonies of this species were found upon willow in Hanover. The wingless male was common in October. It may be described as follows : Wingless Male. — Body 2.8 mm. long ; 1 mm. wide ; antennae 2 mm. long. Body long, slender, flattened; its sides parallel from mesothorax to base of cornicles; flocculent, especially on ventrum and dorsal margins of abdomen; a distinct margin on each side reaching from mesothorax to end of abdomen. General NORTH AMERICAN HOMOPTERA. 301 color dull yellowish brown, with a longitudinal row of large, quadrangular, black spots ou each side of dorso-iueson, and a row of less distinct black spots aloug each margin; on head and prothorax these spots so run together that they are usually not distinguishable from each other; eyes black; cornicles orange, or orange-yellow, usually paler at the base, slightly expanding from base to near tip, and then contracting to an obtuse point; not flanged at tip. An- tenna} long, slender, black ; joint three longest, but shorter than four plus five, the latter being subequal ; the proximal and distal parts of six subequal, the whole joint being as long as five. Cauda short, obtusely rounded at tip. Legs long, black, with base of femora yellowish brown. A very small pointed tuber- cle ou each side margin of prothorax ; sometimes obsolete. Antennfe and legs sparsely furnished with short hairs. Described from several living and dead specimens taken on Salix Oct. 28, 1892. Some of the specimens were in copula with oviparous females. Liacliniis strobi Fitch. A number of young white pines infested by this species were found at Hanover during the Autumn of 1892. The forms present were the winged males, the wingless oviparous females and the eggs. The habits and conditions were precisely the same as observed in Ohio, and reported in the fifth of this series of contributions. Pemphigus inibricator (Fitch). This species, originally described by Dr. Fitch as Schizoneura hn- bricator, was rather common on beech trees in the vicinity of Co- lumbus during the Autumn of 1890. Infested twigs look, at little distance, as if covered on the underside with wool or cotton, on ac- count of the long cottony secretion with which the insects are fur- nished. The wingless forms and nymphs are especially provided with this substance. When a colony is disturbed each aphid emits a small drop of "honey-dew" and the nymphs begin waving their abdomens back and forth. Late in October and early in November the only forms present, so far as my observations went, were winged viviparous females, and nymphs of the same. I was unable to de- termine the method of hibernation. Winged Viviparous Female.— Body 4 mm. long by 1.5 mm. wide across abdomen. Head to tip of folded wings 7 mm. Wing expanse 13 mm. antennaj 1.1 mm. Head and thorax black, with more or less brown between articulations, especially on ventral surface. Abdomen yellowish, or greenish brown, with an olive-green vase-shaped marking on middle of dorsum, and a longitudinal marking of same color near each margin, the latter often uniting posteriorly by a faint curved transverse line as shown in the figure. Legs piceous, except bases of femora, which are sometimes brown. Autenuse piceous; joint iii equal to iv plus v, TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. NOVEMBEE, 1893. 302 CLARENCE M. WEED. which are subeqnal I vi, longer than v, with the thumb-like tip very short. Rostrum reaching second coxse. Wings hyaline; radius and stigma piceous, other veins brown. \ \ \ Fig. 2.— Penipliis;us imbricator: a, winged viviparous female; i, head and an- tenna of same; c, nymph of same. All magnified. Described from many living specimens on limbs of Fag us feiru- ginea, Autumn, 1890. Pliyllapliis sp. (on beech). During the Autumn of 1890 I found a species of Phyllaphi< on beech in central Ohio, the oviparous form of which agrees with Buckton's short description and figure of P. fagi. I presume that it is that species, but do not think the present evidence justifies a definite reference to that effect. The colonies were found on the un- derside of the leaves, with more or less flocculent matter about them. The sexed forms developed during October, and the oviparous fe- males wandered over the bark of the twigs, limbs, and trunk in search of crevices in which to deposit their eggs. When a suitable NORTH AMERICAN HOMOPTERA. 303 place is found the egg is laid, and then driven into position by the following method : The insect so places itself that its hind legs easily touch the egg, then standing on its four front ones it brings the two hind ones down upon the egg in rapid succession, striking with con- siderable force. This serves the double purpose of pushing the egg in place, and of drawing out a viscid secretion, with which it is cov- ered, into a thread-like, silvery film, that so resembles the surround- ing bark that it is difficult to detect it. I watched an oviparous louse go through this process for about a minute and a half. Fisr. 3. — Phyllaphis of beech : a, oviparous female, magnified ; 6, head and an- tenna of same, greatly magnified; c, egg on bark, magnified. Oviparous Female. — Body 2.4 nam. long by 1 mm. wide across abdomeu. An- tennae 1.2 mm long. Body elongate, somewhat pyriform and flocculent. Gen- eral color pale green; a large quadrangular spot on the dorsum of head and prothorax, three spots on mesothoras, and six spots on the dorsum of each of the seven anterior abdominal segments, and three spots on eighth abdominal segment, olive-green. Legs with a slight dusky tinge. Antennae more mark- edly dusky, except proximal portion. Eyes reddish ; antennae 6-jointed ; joint iii longest; iv, v and vi subequal. Rostrum very short, scarcely reaching second coxae. Body sparsely provided with spatulate or capitate hairs. Cauda short, globular. Egg. — Small, only 0.6 mm. long. Greenish when first laid, but becoming dark gray, very much the color of the beech bark ; covered with a filmy substance that helps to conceal it. Deposited in crevices of bark. Scliizoiieiira teNsellata Fitch. This species, commonly known as the woolly alder aphis, has been extremely abundant in New England during recent years. Its Winter history seems never to have been precisely determined. My observations upon it began in October, 1891, at Hanover. At that time great number.* of young were being born from the colonies of oviparous females present on the twigs. During the latter part of the month and throughout the early part of November these young did not remain on the twigs, but wandered down the trunk to the soil surface. Here thev conoreojated in enormous colonies in the TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. NOVEMBEK, 1893. 304 CLARENCE M. WEED. crevices between the base of the trunk and larger roots and the soil, or beneath the fallen leaves or other rubbish at the soil surface. Here they remained until Spring, when they took advantage of the first warm days to crawl up the trunk to the twigs. So early as April 9th I found that large numbers had already established colo- nies on the twigs, the pulverulence developing so that many of them had a distinct coating of white. The afternoon of the 9th was cold, and a very few of the young lice were .seen ascending the alder stems. There were a great many yet remaining in the rubbish. I made another observation a week later (Api'il 16th), the afternoon being warm and sunny. Many of the young aphids were then as- cending the alder stems ; nearly all were headed away from the roots, but occasionally one was going sideways, and rarely one was turned toward the roots. Many were yet below, especially where the base of the stems were thickly covered with fallen leaves. The colonies were numerous on the young twigs, but there were none on the old ones. Enormous numbers of these young lice must be washed away by the falling rains and melting snow. I found many of them among the stones along a brook, often on the undersides of the stones in the nests of ants (Lasitis) with Dactylopius and the eggs of aphides, but the ants paid no attention to the young Schizoneuras. The dead Autumn colonies are almost as conspicuous in Spring as they were the previous Autumn. The young as it comes out of Winter quarters in early Spring may be described as follows : Young in Spring. — Body 1.2 mm. long; 0.7 mm. wide. General color olive- green, with tips of aTitenuse, tip of rostrum and claws, blackish. Body, includ- ing legs and antennfe, thickly furnished with rather long, stiff hairs, having recurved tips. Six longitudinal rows of pulverulent spots on abdomen, running together on last two segments. Similar spots on head and thorax, but in less distinct rows. The size and amount of pulverulence varies considerably, those on the borders of having less, thus indicating more recent arrival from below. The adult viviparous female which in Autumn gives birth to the hibernating form is described as follows: Apterous Viviparotis Females. — Body 5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide. Body pear- shaped; abdomen large and swollen; color lead-gray throughout; antennpe light grayish brown, sometimes with a greenish tinge, and terminal joint dusky. Legs brown, with tips of joints black. Antennse very short ; joints iii, iv and v swollen on posterior side; third joint nearly twice as long as second; fourth very short, less than half as long as third; fifth short, a very little longer than third. Segmentation of abdomen very distinct. Rostrum short, robust. Dorsum furnished with a long pulverulent coating. I put a number of specimens of this form in empty vials October 17th, and during the next five days one of them gave birth to forty young. The appearance of a branch infested by these insects and the fungus which accompanies theni is shown on Plate VII. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. XX. PI. VII. SCHIZONEURA TESSELLATA Fitch. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 305 THE ENTOMOLOGY OF THE ]»IID-AI.PINE ZONE OF CTISTER COUNTY, COLORADO. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. The present paper is based upon collections made during a resi- dence of about three years (1887-1890) in the district to which it relates. Although the number of insects already recorded from Colorado is very great, the information available, from which a stu- dent of geographical distribution can arrive at satisfactory conclu- sions, is comparatively scanty. The reason of this unfortunate state of affairs is, that the great majority of recorded species are cited, merely as from Colorado, without the locality or altitude being given ;' and as within the limits of the State there are two or three distinct faunae, the result on compiling the statistics is something like a jum- ble of the faunjB of Alaska, Minnesota and Texas. Owing to this meeting of different faunpe in Colorado, the State as a whole is ex- traordinarily rich in species. The insect fauna of the mid-alpine zone of Custer County presents some elements which are sufficiently diverse ; but taken as a whole, it is a natural fauna, belonging to a well-defined region, and hence available for comparison with other like faunae. It is, indeed, truly characteristic of the mid-alpine, that besides its ordinary elements, it contains species coming up from the sub-alpine, and down from the high alpine; but although it thus ha-ppens that Junonia ecenia and Parnmsius milnthem have been taken in the same zone, it does not follow that either are truly characteristic of it, or that they be- long to the same fauna. All faunal lists contain such exceptions or deviations from the average ; but when, as in the case of Colorado as a whole, there is no uniformity about the range of the various species, and the majority do not occur throughout the territory, it is impossible to treat the region as containing a single fauna. The insects herein enumerated are only a portion of those taken, but they are enough to draw conclusions from. Almost the whole of my collections have been distributed, and very many of the more obscure species are at the British Museum unidentified. The Cole- optera are mainly in Dr. J. Hamilton's collection, and I have been TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. ' (39) NOVEMBER, 1893. 306 T. D. A. COCKKKELL. indebted to him for the identification of most of the species. Some few were sent to Dr. Horn, and others are in the U. S. National Museum. The Rhopalocera were mostly identified by Mr. W. H. Edwards ; a good many species were sent to Mr. Elwes, but he did not send me their names. Mr. Nash, of Pueblo, very kindly gave me information about his captures at Rosita and elsewhere, from which I have quoted largely. The Heterocera I found it difficult to get named, and so the list is small. Mr. Hulst was very kind in identifying species, and the late Mr. Hy. Edwards sent me the names of a few. A good many were .sent to Mr. Strecker, but I only got the names of two or three. Mr. Beutenmiiller has some of the small species, and so has Prof. Fernald. Some were also sent to Lord Walsingham. The Hymenoptera, with some few exceptions, were sent to Mr. Ashmead, who was most kind in identifying them. Mr. Ashmead also has most of the Hemiptera. Prof. L. Bruner has the Orthoptera, which he kindly identified. I could not find any one to name the Neuroptera, although I sent some species to Mr. McLach- lan. The Diptera are mostly unnamed, except a few which I worked out myself. The Arachnida went partly to the Rev. O. P. Cam- bridge, and partly to Dr. Thorell, but I did not learn the names of the species, although Mr. Cambridge kindly identified the genera. Finally, thanks are due to Prof. Riley and his colleagues at the U. S. Department of Agriculture for constant assistance and advice, which has been invaluable to me. THE! MID-ALPINE ZONE OF CUSTER COUNTY. The mid-alpine zone, as I have defined it,* extends from about 6500 feet to 10,000 feet. It is essentially the zone of oak-scrub (^Quercus undulata) and quaking asp {Popidus iremuloides). Its most characteristic conifer is Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum, but with the high-alpine zone it shares Picea engehnanni, with the sub- alpine, Pinus edidis and Juniperus virglniauus. The mid-alpine of Custer County is practically the same district as Wet Mountain Val- ley. This valley has an altitude of about 8000 feet ; it is bordered on the east by the Wet Mountains, and on the west by the Sangre de Cristo Range. The central portion of the valley is open prairie land, but the mountain slopes are wooded. Rosita, on the slope of the Wet Mountains, is 8736 feet above sea-level. The two towns situated on the open plain are Silver Cliff, 7990 feet, and West Clifl^, » See "Entomological News," 1892, p. 203. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 307 7864 feet (sometimes given as 7718 feet). Not far off is Ula, 7819 'feet, now hardly a village. The valley is watered mainly by Grape Creek, which rises to the south, near Music Pass, and passing West Cliff, Ula and Dora, goes down a narrow canon to join the Arkansas close to Canon City. Short Creek, coming from the vicinity of Gibb's Peak, and Swift Creek, descending from the Lakes of the Clouds, both belong to the Grape Creek basin ; but immediately to the north of these is Willow Creek, which belongs to the Texas Creek basin. Texas Creek, of which Brush Creek is a tributary, does not run into Grape Creek, but flowing northward joins the Arkansas higher up. The Cusack Ranch, 8192 feet, is situated just on the divide between the Grape Creek and Texas Creek basins, and also at the junction of the forest and the open country, so that it is an exceptionally good locality for collecting. The latitude of Wet Mountain Valley is about 38° N. CLIMATE. The climate is dry ; not too hot in the Summer, cold in the Winter. The earliest flowers — Anetnone patens var. nuttalliana — appear at the end of March or beginning of April. Humming-birds arrive at the end of May, and the night-hawks at the beginning of June (for further details, see the 9th and 12th Reports of the Colorado Biological Association). PLANTS CHARACTERISTIC OF THE REGION. The following plants may be noted as characteristic of the mid- alpine zone of Custer County, Colorado: Clematis donglasii, Hook.; Anemone cylinchica, Gray ; A. patens var. nvttalliana, Gray ; Haniin- culus cymbalaria, Pursh ; Caltha leptosepala, DC ; Delphinium scopu- lorum, Gray ; Aconitum cohmibiannm, Nutt. ; Berheris repens, Lindl. ; Argemone platyceras, L. and O.; Viola nuttallii, Pursh; V- cana- densis, L. ; Silene scouleri, Hook ; Sidalcea malvceflora. Gray ; S. Candida, Gray ; Malvastrum coccineum, Gray ; Linnm pereiine, L. ; Thermopsis Montana, Nutt. ; Oxtjtropis lamberti, Pursh ; Bubus stri- gosus, Mx. ; Potentilla fruticosa, L. ; Rosa blanda var. arkansana (Porter) ; Ribes aureum, Pursh ; Epilobium angustifolium, L. ; (Eno- thera biennis, L. ; Cerens viridiflorus, Eng. ; Ligusticum montanum, B. and H. ; Cymopierus montanus, T. and G. ; Heracleum lanatnm, Mx. ; Townsendia sericea, Hook ; Aster Icevis, L. ; Antennaria dioica, Goertn. ; Achillea millefolium, L. ; Senecio aiirens, L. ; Cnicxis ochro- centrus, Gray ; Campanula rotundifolia, L. ; C. planiflora, Eng. ; TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. NOVEMBER, 1893. 308 T. D. A. COCKIOKELL. Ardostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) ; Gentiana humilis, Stev. ; G- serrata, Gunner ; Gllia aggregata, Spreng. ; Pentstemon aeuminafas, Dougl. ; Mlmulus luteus L. ; Castilleia integra, Gray ; Euphorbia montana, Eng, ; Querciis undulata, Torr. ; Popidas tremuloides, Mx. ; Iris mif!sonriensis, Nutt. ; Bouteloua oligostachya, Torr. ; Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum, Eng. ; Picea engehianni (Parry) ; P. pungens, Eng. ; Marchaniia polymorpha, L. ; Bovlda circumscissa, B. and C ; Hypo- crea richardsoni, B. and M.; Uredo ribricola, C. and E. ; Claviceps purpurea, Tul., and Valsa nivea, Fr. CHARACTERISTIC BIRDS. Under this head the foUowing may be mentioned as examples: Merula nigratoria, L. ; Sialia ardica, Swains. ; Chelldon erythrogastra, Bodd. ; Pica rustica, var. Imdsonica, Scop. ; Ageloeus phceniceus, L. ; Scolecophagiis eyanocephalus, Wagl. ; Stnrnella negleda, Aud. ; Cy- anocitta stelleri var. macrolopha, Baird ; Tinnunculus sparverius, L. : and jEgialitis vociferus, L. CHARACTERISTIC MOLLUSCA. The only slug is Agriolimax cavipestris var. moutanus, Ing. Of the land shells one may mention Hyalinia arborea, Say; Patuhi strigosa var. cooperi, W. G. Binn.; P. sfriatel/a, Anth.; Vallonia pulcliella var. cydophorella, Ancey; Pupa coloradensis, CklL; and Succinea avara, Say. Of fresh water shells, Limncea truncatula, Miill.; Physa heterostropha, Say; P. hypnorum, L. ; and Pisidium abditnm, Hald. CHARACTERS OP THE INSECT FAUNA. The species found in our district are numbered consecutively in the list. 'Jo some are appended dates of ca}jture and precise locali- ties; of others I have nothing particular to record, and so the name alone appears. I have also added to many of the species informa- ti(m as to the distribution elsewhere. North or South, up or down, etc, so that the reader can see at a glance the relations of the com- ponent parts of tlie fauna. It may be suggested that the same in- formation could have been conveyed by compiled statistics, but I believe that the method adopted, of giving details regarding each species separately, is much clearer and more useful, although taking up more si)ace. The difficulty with statistics is, that they have to be taken on trust, if the facts on which they are based do not appear in the same paper; this is just what I want to avoid in the present ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 309 contribution, I want rather to so present the facts that the reader may compare them and judge for himself, correcting the details or adding to them when necessary. Among the Coleoptera it will be noticed at once how many of the species are boreal, extending to Canada (sens, lal) and often to the New England States. The Southern element is but slight, although distinct if looked for ; and there is also a fair number of species endemic in the Rocky Mountains. The Tenebrionidre, characteristic of the Western prairies, are fairly numerous. The Coleopterous fauna, as a whole, is strikingly distinct from that of the Mississippi region and the Eastern States generally, except as regards the boreal element. Mr. Wickhara has published a list of the beetles found in the vicinity of Iowa City, and on comparing it with the present list, I was astonished to find how few were the species common to both. This result is brought about in large measure, no doubt, by the dif- ferent character of the forests— those of Iowa containing a great variety of deciduous trees, those of Colorado mainly conifers, with very few deciduous species. Thus, it happens that not one species of Cerambycidte is common to the Custer County and Iowa City lists, although six species are common to our district and the much more distant State of New Jersey. The Rhopalocera are boreal wdth a strong Western element, and a rather surprising number of Southern forms— some of which, however, are evidently represented only by stragglers. Thus, Cal- lidryas eahide at Rosita seems quite out of place, but the occurrence is less remarkable when we remember the strong migratory tenden- cies of the genus. C philea has been taken in Arapahoe County, Colorado, by Mr. H. G. Smith, Jr., as I learned from Mr. Nash. Terias nicippe, however, is not accidental, and NathaUs iole is very well established and common. The Heterocera show similar tenden- cies. The really neotropical Erebus odora is an occasional visitor. The Hvmenoptera, especially among the parasitic groups, show many apparentlv endemic forms— but it is probable that further knowledge will prove that most of them are more widely distributed. Thus, 3Ionodo)ttomeriis montivagns, known only hitherto from Wet Mountain Valley, has recently "turned up in California. _ With the aid of Mr. Cresson's invaluable list, I made out the affinities of the 88 aciUeata of Wet Mountain Valley to be as follows : Boreal *^1 Noitli America generally 4 Eocky Mountains only 39 Texas region and South 11 Eastern States 2 California 1 88 TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. NOVEMBER, 1893. 310 T. D. A. COCKERELL. Of the Heteroptera, 28 are boreal or widely distributed, 13 West- ern, and two Southern. Conorhinus (species not identified) is a Southern type. For the rest, see the information given in the list. The fauna, as a whole, is decidedly boreal. COMPARISON WITH THE HIGH-ALPINE ZONE. The high-alpine zone in Custer County extends from 10,000 feet on the Sangre de Cristo range to the summits of the mountains (Gibb's Peak, wrongly called Gibson Peak, 13,729 feet; Horn's Peak, 13,447 feet ; Humboldt Peak, 14,041 feet, etc.). A list of the high-alpine species, so far as observed, is given in " Can. Ent." 1890. Although the number of records is not great, they show that the high-alpine and mid-alpine zones are sufficiently distinct. Of high-alpine Hymenoptera, 49 species were identified, and the result of comparing these with the mid-alpine is as follows : Out of 14 high-alpine families, two (Sapygid^e and Oryssidse) were not found in the mid-alpine zone. One subfamily, Perilampin^e, is not mid- alpine. Of 42 genera, 16 (rather less than one-third) are not mid- alpine. These are Oryssus, Macrophya, Diaeretus, Sapyga, Perilmnpm, Aspilota, Apludkis, Sphecodes, Dollchopselephus, Pteromalus, Atrac- todes, Leptacis, Psilophrys, Callio])sis, Tenthredo and Microhracon. Out of 49 species, 25 are not mid-alpine — about one-half. Of the high-alpine Coleoptera, 25 species are recorded, and a 26th may be added, namely, Coceinella trifasciata L., from near the Mi- cawber Mine in October. It extends to Canada, Lapland, etc. Of these 26, seven genera are not raid-alpine, namely, Orsodachna, Di- chelonycha, Chrysobothris, Zeugophora, Athous, Dasytes and Glyptina. Eleven of the species are wanting in the mid-alpine collections. Of the Lepidoptera ("Can. Ent." 1890, pp. 57, 76) nine species are not mid-alpine. To these may be added an insect doubtfully referred to Choreutus dlphiella Grt., from the Micawber Mine : this represents a family not mid-alpine. Lord Walsingham has the specimen. These statistics would undoubtedly be altered by further research, but I do not tliink they can be without significance. That the high- alpine and mid-alpine fauna are largely of different derivation seems to be proved by the large proportion of generic diflTerence. Thus, 25 distinct species of Hymenoptera include no less than 16 genera; and eleven Coleoptera include eight genera. The high-alpine, there- fore, is not, as regards its peculiar features, derived from the mid- ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 311 alpiue or lower ; contrasting in this respect with the high-alpine of Ecuador, which is so derived. THE HIGH- ALPINE COMPARED WITH NORTHERN REGIONS. The affinities of the high-alpine not being with the mid-alpine, they could only be with the far North. Alberta being a suitable region for comparison, I wrote to Mr. Thomas E. Bean, asking him to tell me how many of my high-alpine species occurred with him. He most kindly replied, giving me the following interesting infor- mation : Of the Coleoptera, he finds at Laggan Dol.opius lateralis, Podab- rus lateralis, Orsodachna atra, Cicindela longilahrU, Adoxus viiis, Chrysobothris trinervia, Coccinella transversoguttata, Trichodes ornatus, Acmoeops pratensis and Mnrdella scntellaris. He adds : " That is a good sprinkling, considering that I derive the facts from a small lot I sent Mr. Fletcher several years ago, presumably the commoner species." Of the Rhopalocera, he has taken the following : Lycxna ssepiolus, Laggan, 5000 ft. Pyrameis cardui, Laggan, 5000 ft. Anthocharis ausonides, Laggan, 5000 ft. Rare. Vanessa milbertii, Laggan, 5000 ft. Also 7000 to 8000 ft. Pier is oleracea, Laggan, 5000 ft. to 6500 ft. Papilio rutulus, on the Columbia near Golden, B. C, altitude about 2550 ft. Chionobas chryxus. Laggan, 5000 to 7000 ft Colias eurytheme, Laggan, 5000 ft. "Occurrence intermittent, as our altitude is almost above its limit." Vanessa antiopa, Laggan. "Chiefly 5000 ft., but sometimes find larvae up to about 5500 ft." Parnassius smintheus, Laggan, 5000 ft., and again 7000 to 8000 ft. Pieris protodice, once only at Laggan, 5000 ft. Pieris occidentalis, Laggan, .5000 to 8000 ft. Satyrus charon. Laggan, 5000 ft. It is to be observed that Mr. Bean does not take our characteristic high-alpine species of Colias — C. scudderii and C- meadli. The timber line at Laggan is at 7000 ft. MID-ALPINE COMPARED WITH SUB-ALPINE. For information about the sub-alpine zone of Custer County, and the adjacent parts of Pueblo County, see " Entomologist," December, 1888, pp. 298-305; and 1889, pp. 113 and 190; 1890, p. 19. In making comparisons with the mid-alpine of Custer County, only this district will be considered, as the sub-alpine of localities not imme- TEANS. AM. ENT. 80C. XX. NOVEMBEK, 1893. 312 T. D. A. cockp:rell. diately adjacent might show other differences than those due to altitude. Thirty-six Coleoptera were found and identified in the sub-alpine zone, and of these twenty-two, or nearly two-thirds, were not found in the mid-alpine. These include the following eleven genera not found in the mid-alpine : Pityophagus, Batyle, Ditylus, Badider, Serica, Diabrotica, Tomicns, Polypkylla, Euryomia, Lisirus and Des- maris. Of the thirty-six species, one only, Hippodamia convergens, was observed to range up to the high-alpine. Of fourteen Orthoptera from the sub-alpine of Custer County, not a single species was found also in the mid-alpine. Of twelve sub- alpine genera the following eight are not mid-alpine : Mermiria, Hadrotettix, Q^dipoda, Scyllina, Acrldium, Dissoteira, Mestohregma an d Pli iUbostroma. Thus, in both Coleoptera and Orthoptera, the difference between the two zones is seen to be very marked, not only as to species, but also as to genera, showing that we have to deal with distinct faunte. With the Rhopalocera, so far as my observations went, the differ- ences were by no means so marked. Many species of butterflies undoubtedly fly over a considerable range of altitude, and I was convinced in Wet Mountain Valley that a number of individuals of Dancm jylexippus, Coli.as eurytlieme, etc., were to be caught at altitudes a good deal above where they had been bred. But however this may be, several species certainly range right up from the sub- alpine to the high-alpine, — such are Phyciodes camillus, Nathalis iole, Lhnenitis weidemeyerii and Colias eurytheme. Of course there are also many sub-alpine species which do not range upwards in this manner. Mr. Nash kindly gave me much information about his captures, extending over several years, and the following, among others, were all taken by him in Pueblo County: Colias c(jesonia Stoll., Phyciodes picta Edw., Grapta interrogationis Fab., Satyrus alope Fab., Limenitis disippus Godt., Puphia troglodyta Fab., Thecla melinus Hiib., T. siva Edw., Lyaeiia alee Edw., Niso- niades alpheus Edw., Eudamus tityrus Fab., and PampJiila cernes B. and L. The last-mentioned species was taken at Rye. ZOOLOGICAL REGIONS. Dr. C. H. Merriam has lately (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, April, 1892) i)ublished a new Bio-geographic map of North America, in which he adopts an arrangement of faunal regions different from ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 313 that of Packard (8d Rep. U. S. Ent. Coiuni.) and most other zoolo- gists. In this new arrangement the old central region is abolished, and a new region, the Sonoran, is made to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific. I have been interested in examining the fticts presented in the present paper, and others known to me, to see how far they supported these changes. So far as I am able to judge, the suppression of the central region is entirely justified, but I cannot agree as to the pro- posed Sonoran region. An analysis of the insects of the Colorado Rocky Mountains shows that the high-alpine and mid-alpine ele- ments, although sufficiently distinct, are both essentially boreal. If we follow Dr. Merriam's arrangement, it appears that the high- alpine is truly boreal, while the mid-alpine belongs to the transition region, containing a considerable number of strictly American types. The sub-alpine, on the other hand, is southern or Sonoran. Dr. Horn has kindly given me his opinion, as follows: "My ideas of the distribution of Coleoptera in the mountainous region of Colorado, which is a good centre of the Kocky Mountain chain are as follows: "The high region seems to have been populated from the Canadian through the H. B. T. region. A collection made above 8000 feet in Colorado is almost identical with one made in the Lake Superior region. The same fauna runs down to N. M. and Arizona, and again appears, mixed, of course, in the Mexican Mountains. "The sub-alpine region is one that continues from Washington to New Mexico, as shown by such striking forms as Ergates, Melanophila miranda, IpJdhimus serratns. Gnleruca externa, Calosoma lunatnm in varieties. "The lower region, foothills, etc., is a mixture of New Mexico forms with those of the eastern United States, with some peculiar forms allied more to the southern regions. "California is a peculiar region, and, in many respects, allied to Europe (in general). I think California supplies us with more species of genera peculiar to Europe than does the Eastern region." (In litt., July 14, 1892.) According to the facts now recorded it seems that there is, firstly, a circunipolar and strictly boreal element; secondly, a boreal but modified or Canadian element ; and thirdly, a southern element be- longing to the arid portion of Dr. Merriam's Sonoran region. I do not think any distinct faunae except these can be recognized, and the central region accordingly falls. But there is, sprinkled among the ordinary types, a distinct element of endemic species, to which I shall refer later. There also seem to be a few surviving fragments of an ancient fauna, of which Anthrucopteryx is a good example. There seems to be a; small Californian element, but the species TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (40) NOVEMBER, 1893. 314 T. D. A. COCKKKELL. falling under this head are perhaps rather Southern than properly Californian. The Mollusca are very instructive here. There are certain distinct generic types of slugs, Prophysaon and Hemphillia, which belong to the Californian or Pacific province, and these go inland as fiir as Idaho. The Nearctula group of Pupa, which is boreal and Californian, extends southwards into the Colorado Moun- tains, WMth three species. The Vertigo group, on the other hand, is characteristic of the Eastern States, but I never found it living in Colorado. I did, however, find two species of this group, P. ovata Say* and P. gonldli Binn., in a post-tertiary deposit at West Cliff — a fact which I thought might have some significance. From these facts I infer that the fauna of the northern part of the Pacific re- gion is pushing its way inland and southward, and will in the future mingle to some extent with that coming from the southern portion through Arizona. The resemblance between the Colorado fauna, and that of the Mississippi basin and further East, always, excepting the boreal ele- ment that comes from the North, is very slight indeed. The great plains to the east of the Rocky Mountains have been as much a barrier as the sea would have been. Many insect pests of the East are only now reaching Colorado, having been taken there no doubt on plants. Sometime ago, in one of the Fort Collins Bulletins, it was noticed that certain Eastern pests occurred in the grounds of the Agricultural College, but not generally throughout the State. The reason of this was, I suppose, simply that they had been taken there on imported plants. REASONS FOR NOT ADOPTING THE SONORAN REGION. In Dr. Merriam's map the Upper and Lower Sonoran regions in- clude all of North America, except the boreal and transition areas to the North, and the tropical elements to the South. That is to say, the Pacific province is no longer recognized, and the Eastern and Central provinces, so far as they are not boreal, are merged together. It seenis to me that the distribution of the Mollusca, more especially, precludes us from adopting this change. Take the slugs, for instance. Their distribution in the old regions (excluding spe- cies known to be imported) is as follows: '■ Yarrow, in the Wheeler Eeport. records P. ovata from Twin Lakes and Saguache, but as he does not mention any of the Nearctula group, which he surely must have found, I suppose it likely that the identification is erroneous. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 315 Pacific Province. Central Province. Eastern Province. Agriolimax, 2 sjip. Agriolimax, 1 sp. Agriolimax, 1 sp. Amalia. 1 sp. Philomycus, 5 spp. Arioliniax, 2 spp. He.sperarion, 3 spp, Proi)hysaon, 6 spp. Subg. Phenacarion, 2 spp. Anademilus, 1 sp. Hemphillia, 1 sp. Binneya. 1 sp. Of these, Agriolimax, Ariolimax, Binneya and Philomycus range into Central America. Four genera are peculiar to the Pacific province, two of them extending inland as far as Idaho. Not a single genus, except Agriolimax, which is cosmopolitan, extends across the continent. The shell-bearing forms tell exactly the same story. In Helix, the group Lysinoe, with nineteen species, is confined to the Pacific province. On the other hand, the large and characteristic groups Mesodon, Stenotrema, Triodopsis and Polygyra belong to the Eastern province, with a very small representation in the West. Among freshwater forms, the extraordinarily rich fauna of the Eastern province finds no parallel in the West. To pursue this subject further would occupy too much space. I have used the Mollusca in illustration because they are little able to Tuigrate, and present a more forcible instance than I could select in Entomology. But I should be sorry if these incomplete statements prevented anv one from considering the matter impartially from other points of view. A METHOD FOB DEFINING FAUNAL REGIONS. It appears from a consideration of what has been written on faunal regions, that it would be desirable if some rules could be laid down, so as to leave the matter less to the discretion of the individual writer. It would require a good deal of research to determine what rules could be laid down, that would work, but as regards insects, at all events, I have thought it possible that the following rule might answer for secondary faunal divisions: Any two districts shall be regarded as in the same secondary faunal division if the number of species common to both exceeds the nwiiber of genera in common. In order to test this rule, I have compared some orders of insects in the mid-alpine of Custer County with the lists in Prof John B. Smith's New Jersey catalogue. According to accepted views, the TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. NOVEMBER, 1893. 316 T. D. A. COCKKKELL. two regions are not in the same secondary division, but from the proximity of New Jersey to the boreal (or at least transition) zone, there should be a fair amount of affinity. The results are as follows : Colo, (niid-alpine, Custer ("o.) and N. J. Genera in Common Species in Common Rhopalocera 24 23 Heterocera 59 31 Heteroptera 36 27 Houioptera 14 4 Ortlioptera 12 9 145 96 The rule here gives just the results that might be expected. The greater number of butterfly species in common is in accordance with the wide distribution of Rhopalocera, as before mentioned. It would be interesting to compare the mid-alpine and sub-alpine zones of Colorado in the same manner, but this cannot be satisfac- torily done until the sub-alpine records are more complete. When comparing distinct faunae in close geographical proximity, it would be necessary to exclude from consideration all casual occurrences of species out of their proper zone. The breeding areas are really what should be compared. This is sufficiently obvious; for instance it would be absurd, in such a comparison, to reckon such genera as Jiinonia and Erebus as inhabitants of the mid-alpine zone. EQUIGENERIC AREAS. For minor divisions, to be used in relation to particular groups, I have devised what may be termed equigeneric areas. Equigeneric areas are areas throughout which the genera of the group under consideration are identical. These areas are sometimes large, sometimes small. When two genera overlap, the region where they both occur, however small, makes a separate equigeneric area. This might be thought a disad- vantage; but really, I believe it to be an advantage in the method, since it is important to recognize these intermediate or overlapping areas. Taking the slugs as convenient for illustration, the equigeneric areas in North America are as follows : (1.) Area of Agriolimax only = boreal province (so far as slugs have been found) and central region. (2.) Area of Agriolimax -\- Philomycus = Eastern province {Veroiiicella is found in Florida, and if truly indigenous there, as seems likely, constitutes another area). ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 317 (3.) Area of Hemj)hitlia -\- Prophysao)i, -\- Amalia, etc. = Washington, Oregon and part of Idaho. (4.) Area of Ariolimax -\- Prophysaon -\- Phenacarion. etc. = Piijient Sonnd dis- trict and into Oregon. (5.) Area of Ariolimax + Prophysaon -\- Agriolimax -\- Hesperarion + Amalia = Oregon and California, along the coast. (6.) Area of Auadenulus, etc. = Cuyamaca Monntains, California. (7.) Area of Binneya = Sta. Barbara Island, California. These areas cannot in evei'v case be precisely defined, owing to lack of information ; but their utility seems to lie chiefly in the fact that they give results quite independent of any previous opinion or bias on the part of the collator. ORIGIN OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FAUNA. The numerous fossils of Colorado bear testimony to the fact that the region of the Rocky Mountains has in the past been peopled by a highly remarkable and numerous fauna. This fauna, however, does not appear to be ancestral to that of the present day. Nor has the present fauna any special connection with that of the high re- gions to the far South — the Andes. In order to arrive at just con- clusions, it will be needful to consider these ])oints in some further detail. ALPINE INSECTS OF THE ANDES. The recently-published "Supplementary Appendix" to Mr. Whymper's work on his travels amongst the Andes of Ecuador, containing an account of his captures, includes some very valuable information about the insects of high altitudes in that country. The late Mr. H. W. Bates has written the introduction, in which the following passages occur: "If there had been any distinct element of a North Temperate or South Tem- perate Coleopterous Fauna on the Ecuadorian Andes the collections be made, inexhaustive though they may be, would have sliown some traces of it ; but there aie none. A few genera belonging to temperate latitudes, though not found in the tropical lowlands, do indeed occur, but they are forms of almost world-wide distribution in similar climates, and there is no representative of the numerous characteristic and common genera of the North or South. Even the Northern genera, more or less abundantly found on the Mexican highlands, are absent." " One feature of the fauna is of great interest. It is the occurrence of apter- ous species of genera which at lower levels are always winged." " It seems to me a fair deduction from the facts hei'e set forth that no distinct traces of a migration during the lifetime of existing species, from North to South, or vice versa, along the Andes, have as yet been discovered, or are now likely to be discovered." TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. NOVEMBEK, 1893. 318 T. D. A. COCKKRELL. Going through the list of insects taken at high altitudes in Ecuador, the following points may be noted. There are four new species of Pterostichus fi'oni 12,000 feet and upwards, but they represent a new subgenus. There is not a single Amara or Harpalus. The two ants from 9000 feet or upwards, are Camponotus sylvaticus and a new Fheidole. Five Satyrinae from 10,000 feet or upwards, are none of them of N. American genera. Pyrameis huniera was taken at 9800 feet. There are three species of Lycmna from over 10,000 feet. Three species of Colias are found at 10,000 feet or upwards; one, C alticola Godm. and Salv., being especially characteristic of very high altitudes. FOSSIIj insects of COLORADO. From the elaborate researches of Mr. Scudder, we have a large mass of facts available concern ng the tertiary insects of Colorado. As in the case of the living Andean fauna, we can detect no marked resemblance to the species now inhabiting the Rocky Mountains; and the indications are, that the recent fauna has not been derived from that preserved in the beds at Florissant and elsewhere. So far as modern genera are represented, they are certainly not alpine, but indicate a climate more like that of the Southern States. Mr. Scudder's recent paper (Proc. Bost. Soc. N. Hist. 1892) on the Tertiary Rhynchophora brings out the facts of the case very clearly. The Gosiute fauna, from western Colorado, differs greatly from that of Florissant, no species being common to both ; and of ninety-seven genera, only eighteen are common to the two faunje. Yet these had hitherto been considered as belonging to about the same age. All the species are extinct, and no species is identical with any European tertiary form. Many of the genera are extinct; existing genera are not infrequently now subtropical or tropical. There are no extinct families, but in one instance an extinct subfamily with numerous representatives. Almost exactly the same results were obtained previously from a study of the tertiary Hemiptera, though at that time much less ma- terial from the Gosiute was available. THE GLACIAL EPOCH. In order to account for the facts above cited, it is necessary to con- sider the geological history of America. In Prestwick's " Geology" (1888) there is a good account of what is known about the glacial ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 319 period. In America, the whole continent was covered with ice at least as far south as 40°, except a rather problematical area between the eastern and central regions. The ice-sheet went further south in the west than in the east, extending about to San Diego, though the basin of the Colorado in Arizona seems to have been free. However, to the northwest there was apparently an unfrozen coast-line, at least as fertile as that of Greenland at the present day. We read that "the warm currents of the Pacific, which now temper the severity of the coast climate of Alaska, seem to have exerted the same influence during the glacial period, for none of the glaciers which descend from the inland range reach the sea, nor do they appear to have done so in glacial times. . . . The shores of British Columbia, on the contrary, are indented by long and deep fiords, through which, as in Norway and Greenland, the old glaciers, now stayed further in, traveled out to sea." It can readily be imagined that such a state of affairs would lead to the destruction of a large part of the fauna, the remainder either surviving along the northwest coast-line, or going southwai'd to the Gulf States and Mexico. The eastern fauna, with which we are not now particularly concerned, would largely survive, owing to there being a considerable area of unglaciated territory available. This, indeed, has been the case. The Californian fauna would survive in part to the north, and also in Lower California and the western coast region of Mexico. But the fauna of the central region would be almost annihilated, because the warm winds being cut off by the coast ranges, the country would become exti'emely cold, even far down into the higher lands of Mexico. The arid region where not actually glaciated would be a frozen desert, and the migration of the fauna southward would be far from easy. In the eastern province the species of the moist Northern States would find little difficulty in migrating southward into the equally moist Southern States. The isotherms would shift southward over moderately uniform country. In the central region, however, this would not be the case. There is no place available to the South, except the moister coast line, and the interior uplands, which latter were undoubtedly glaciated. The great plains between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi would have made an impassable bar- rier for most species, preventing migration in that direction. But, it may be urged, at some point to the southward the moun- tains or central uplands would cease to be glaciated^ and why should TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. NOVEMBER, 1893. 320 T. D. A. COCKERELL. not migration take place into the neotropical region. That it did not take place, at all events beyond the isthmus, is evidenced by the facts above quoted from Mr. Whymper's "Appendix;" and the reason of this no doubt is, that the isthmus itself was submerged, and all connection between North and South America cut off. This question of the submergence of the Isthmus of Panama has been fully discussed by various naturalists, and need not be enlarged upon here. It is impossible in the present paper to give more than this bare outline of the subject, but I believe the conclusion is justified, that the central region fauna was practically stamped out during the glacial epoch ; and that the present fauna is derived from the boreal faun?e which survived to the east and to the west, and the southern fauna which survived in Mexico. This view seems to be supported by a consideration of the present distribution of species, as well as by geological evidence. REMNANTS OF THE ANCIENT FAUNA. Mr. Scudder's tertiary insects of course date a long way back, and we have no knowledge of the entomology of Colorado immediately before the glacial epoch. But whatever it may have been like, it is reasonable to suppose that there would be some few survivors left, if we only knew which they were. I believe Anthracopteryx hiemalis is such a survivor ; it is a peculiar species of wide affinities, the only representative of its genus ; and moreover, it is not afraid of cold, appearing very early in the year. Among Lepidoptera, it may be that Neophasia menapia is a survivor, and also some of the high-alpine species. But this is mere speculation — it is enough to suggest the probability of such a thing. POST-GLACIAL DEVELOPMENTS. Excepting the remnants of the ancient fauna, all the strictly en- demic element in the Rocky Mountains is o? post- glacial origin — that is, according to the views here set forth. This means a good deal, if it is actually the case, as I believe. Under certain circum- stances, species develop quickly, and we have, at least among insects and flowering plants, a great array of new species coming into ex- istence. Such species are closely allied to species from which they sprang, and to each other, so as to give rise to much dispute as to their validity — as an example, one may cite the genus Argynnis, which has been very productive of post-glacial species in America. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 321 In such a case it matters little whether we term all these diverse forms true species, or subspecies or races, — but to lump them under a common name obscures the facts, and leads us to ignore one of the most interesting phenomena that are presented to a zoologist. I was very well pleased to find these opinions shared by so acute an observer as Mr. Thos. E. Bean, of Laggan, Alberta. He wrote me on Dec. 6, 1892 : " In answer to your query, I can say most de- cidedly that in my opinion the butterflies of this [LagganJ district may be arranged in two categories as to their age as species : one set of apparently old old forms, the others having the appearance of being forms now taking character. I have now under consideration one of the latter kind, a Colias, which, if completer study confirms my present views, I shall probably announce as a distinct species. In that case I may give it the name post-glacialis, in accordance with the idea that it is one of these recently separated species which have not yet acquired complete equilibrium of characters." SPECIES -FORMING AREAS. It is well known that the genera commonly accepted are unequal in value, but most of those whose validity could not be questioned, are evidently of considerable antiquity. Of the forty-six genera of aculeate Hymenoptera in the niid-alj)ine of Custer County, thirty- three, or about two-thirds, are also found in the British Is. This is not very different from what might be expected ; but the further wide distribution of some of these genera is shown when I open the volume of the " Zoological Record" for 1889, which happens to be at hand, and find references to Megachile from the Congo, Andrena from Sicily, Trypoxylon from Panama, Ammophila from Afghanistan, and so forth. But the curious thing is, that these wide-ranging genera are not equally productive of species over their whole areas. Dr. Simroth has pointed out how in the case of the slug-genus Agrlolimax, one or two species range almost unchanged over an immense territory ; while in the Mediterranean region and the country eastward of it, species are produced in abundance. Dr. A. R. Wallace refers (" Island Life," ed. 2, p. 368) to the existence of four or five peculiar species of the moss-genus Mnium in the Drontheim Mountains in central Norway ; these are " found nowhere else, although the genus extends over Europe, India, and the southern hemisphere, but always represented by a very few wide-ranging species except in this one mountain group!" Among flowering plants good instances can TRANS. AM. ENT. see. XX. (41) NOVEMBER. 1893. 322 T. D. A. COCKKKELL. easily be found, '^llie British botanist, accustomed to two or three species of Aster, two of Erigeron, two of Oxytropis, and three of Astragalus, is astonislied at the enormous species-fertility of these four genera in Rocky Mountains ; while on the other hand a resident of Colorado, who is used to four species of Rubus and three of Hie- racium, may well be startled to find that in the British Is. the Ruhi are reckoned at something over sixty, and the Hieracia, given as forty in the last " London Catalogue," are still being added to at a quite remarkable rate by Mr. Hanbury ! Among insects, Argynnis and Colias, and several genera of Noctuse, exhibit strong species-forming tendencies in the Western States of North America. Catocala, in the Eastern States, has a very strong species-forming area. And so on in many other instances which will occur to the reader. This phenomenon is a most remarkable one, since it affects chiefly old and almost cosmopolitan genera, and does not occur in the same districts in all the genera. Two cosmo- politan genera, as we have seen, may have their species-forming areas on opposite sides of the world. It would seem, indeed, as if there were causes at the bottom of it, that we do not yet understand. IvISX OK SPECIES. COL,EOI»TERA. CICINDELID^. 1. Cicindela longilabris Say. Also high-alpine aud Canada. 2. " sexguttata var. patruela Dej. East to New Jersey (Smith). 3. " repanda var. oregona Lee. Goes north to Stikine River aud Glenora, B. C. (Wickham). These are boreal forms. The absence of C. pnnctiilata var. micans Fb., which one finds in the sub-alpine zone, is to be noted. Down at Canon City Mr. Wickham found C. fulgida Say, C. vulgaris Say, C. scuteUaris Say, and also one of our mid-alpine species, C repanda Dej., the specimens approaching the var. oregona. At Salida he took C. formosa. These facts, and others quoted below, are derived from a MS. list very kindly sent me by Mr. Wickham, of his captures at the following places : Canon City, Colo., 5343 ft, May 11 to 14, 1891 (sub-alpine). Salida, Colo., 7049 ft.. May 15 to 16 (low raid-alpine). Red Cliff. Colo., 8671 ft.. May 16 (typical mid-alpine). Canon City is only about twenty miles from Wet Mountain Valley. In several instances I have added to the records below the names of other species of the .same genera found in the sub-alpine, etc. I place these in square brackets [ ] that there may be no confusion. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 323 CARABID^. 4. Trachypachys inermis Motsch. Noitli to British Columbia. .5. Carabus maeander Fisch. North to Canada. 6. " tsedatus Fabr. Also sub-alpine. North to Canada. 7. " serratus Say. Also sub-alpiue. North to Canada. 8. Notiophilus sibiricus Motsch. Eecorded by Packard from Labrador. 9. Dyschirius truncatus Lee. 10. Bembidium nitidum Kirb. Also at Salida (Wickham). 11. " bimaculatum Kirb. North to Canada. 12. " lucidum Lee. North to Canada. Down to Salida and Canon City (Wickham). 13. Bembidium arcuatum Lee. Extends to Canada (Kilman, "Can. Ent." 1889, p. 109). 14. Bembidium indistinctum Dej. [At Canon City, Mr. Wickham found B. lugnbre and B. transversale — but the latter also at Eed Cliff.] 15. Tachys incurvus Say. East to Iowa (Wiekham). Also at Salida (id.) [At Canon City, Mr. Wickham found T. 7iebuIosus.] 16. Pterostichus longulus Lee. Also at Eed Cliff (Wickham), 17. " luczottii Dej. West Cliff, April 5. Goes north to Glenora, B. C. (Wickham) and Labrador (Packard). 18. Amara laticoUis Lee. 19. " latior Kirb. North to Canada and East to New Jersey. 20. " confusa Lee. Also Eio Grande (Henshaw). 21. " polita Lee. East New Mexico (LeConte).* Salida (Wickham). 22. " erratica Sturm. ? ^1. errafica occurs in Canada. 23. " interstitialis Dej. Also sub-alpine. North to Canada. 24. " obesa Say. North to Canada. 25. " remotestriata Dej. (=: terrestris Lee). North to Glenora, B. C. (Wickham). Down to Canon City, where I found it. 26. " musculus Say. North to Canada. 27. " nupera Horn. 28. " chalceaDcj.? 29. Platynus afflnis Kirb.? P. affinis occurs in Canada. 30. " sordens Kirb. N. to Canada. [At Salida Mr. Wickham found P. placidus and P. errans.] 31. Lebia vivida Bates. 32. " viridis Say, For a doubtful Canadian record see "Can. Ent." 1890. p. 153. E. to New Jersey (Smith). Down to Pueblo (4669 ft.), 33. Lebia furcata Lee, near Ula. I also found specimens which were thought to be L. scapularis, but they were probably on\y furcata. 34. Blechrus nigrinus Maun. West Cliff, May 25. E, to New Jersey (Smith). 35. Cymindis planipennis Lee, on the open prairie, March 30, 36. Agonoderus pallipes Fab, N, to Manitoba. Mr. Wickham found it at Albuquerque, N. Mex. 37. Harpalus retractus Lee. E. New Mexico (LeConte). 38. " amputatus Say, N. to Manitoba. Down to Denver (5196 ft,). 39. " nitidulus Chaud, ? W, Cliff, if, (jiiidw^MS occurs in N. J. (Smith). * East New Mexico. Species quoted from this locality by LeConte, Smiths. Contr. Knowl., 1859, pp. 52-58. TRANS. AM. KNT. SOC. XX. NOVEMBER, 1893. 324 T. D. A. COCKKKELL. 40. Harpalus ellipsis Lee. 41. " basilaris Kii-b. N. to Canada. [At Canon City Mr. Wickham found II. oblitus, H. lusirans and H. basilaris.] i2. Stenolophus conjunctus Say. N. to Canada. 43. Tachycellus nigrinus Dej. N. to Canada. 44. " badiipennis Hald. Carabus maeander, Notiophilus sibiricus and Amara i^iterstitialis are boreal and Asiatic, wiiile Amara erratica and Blechrus nigrinus are boreal and proi)alily circu in polar. Some species o? Anisodactylus would probably be found on further search, though so far as I can gather, Colorado is poor in this genus. I found A. nigrita Dej. in Cottonwood Gulch, Saguache County; this is high up on the western slope of the Sangre de (]risto Range. At Red Cliff, which is mid-alpine, though over one hundred miles from Wet Mountain Valley and on the Pacific slope, Mr. Wickham found fifteen Carabidse, of which the following eleven are wanting in our district : Calathus ingratus, Bembidium planatum, B. transversale, B. paludosum var. lacustre, B. maeklini, B. fagax, B. quadrulum, Amara impuncticollis, Pterostichus protractus, P. hudsonicus, P. mutus. At Salida, which is lower mid-alpine on the Atlantic slope, Mr. Wickham found thirteen Carabidse, of which the following eight are wanting in our district : Calosoma obsoletum, Nothopus sabroides, Harpalus oblitus, H. pennsylvanicus var. compar, Amara gibba, Platynus placidus, P. er- rans, Pterostichus orinomum. These comparisons indicate more differ- ence between the localities than I had quite expected, but perhaps the distinctions would appear less if fuller information were obtained. HALIPLID^. 45. Haliplus ruficollis DeG. West CliflT. The species is boreal, European and Asiatic. DYTISCID^. 46. Laccophilus decipiens Lee. West Cliff. 47. Bidessus afflnis Say. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 48. Deronectes catascopium Say. • 49. Agabus intersectus Cr. 50. " parallelus Lee. Northeast to Labrador (Packard). 51. " morosus Lee. ,52. ' ' lecontei Cr. 53. " obliteratus Lee. Originally described from Fort Laramie. [At Canon City Mr. Wickhaic found A. lugens.] 54. Rhantus binotatus Harr. N. to Canada. Deronectes catascopium, if considered specifically identical with D. griseo- striatus DeG., is not only boreal in America, but extends to northern Europe and Siberia. GYRINID^. 55. Gyrinus sp., West Clifi', April 16. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 325 HYDROPHILID^. 56. Laccobius agilis Randall. E. to Iowa (Wickham) and New Jersey. 57. Philhydrus diffusus Lei-. West Cliff. 58. Hydrobius subcupreus Say. West Cliff. These three species all extend East to New Jersey. Three species found by Mr. Wickham at Canon City are all of genera different from ours. viz., Limnocharis picens, Cymhiodyia morata and Ochthebius interruptus. It is significant that two of these genera, and all of the species, are absent from the New Jersey list. SILPHID^. 59. Necrophorus marginatus Fab. N. to Canada. 60. " g-uttula Mots. (=/iecaS. dives.] 75. Psederus littorarius Grav., Ula, July 30, and common generally; West Cliff, April 5. N. to Canada. [At Canon City Mr. Wickham found P. compotens. 76. Tachyporus chrysomelinus L. Also at Red Cliff (Wickham). [T. joco- sus is sub-alpine.] 77. Platystethus americanus Erichs. West Cliff. Also bigh-alpiue, and N. to Glenora. B. C. (Wickham). 78. Oxytelus pennsylvanicus Erichs. West Cliff. N. to Canada. 79. " nitidulus Grav. Extends to Canada (Kilman) and is no doubt circumpolar. 80. Lomechusa cava Lee. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. NOVEMBER, 1893. 326 T. D. A. COCKKRELL. 81. Anthobium sp. incert. Specimens with Dr. Horn aud Dr. Hamilton. 82. Homalota sp. West Cliflf. Philonthus xneus, Tachyporus chrysomelinus and Oxybeles nitidulus are boreal and extend to Europe and Asia. The wide range of some species of this family is remarkable. The minute Trogophlaus fulvipennis Fauv., which I have taken in Jamaica (it also occurs in Cuba, etc.), is, ac- cording to Dr. Hamilton, the same as T. corticinus, which is found at 9200 ft. in Colorado and extends to Europe and Siberia. CORYLOPHID^. 83. Sacium lug-ubre Lee. PHALACRID^. None found ; at Canon City (sub-alpine) Mr. Wickham found Olibrus apicaJis. COCCINELLID^. 84. Nsemia episcopalis Kirby. West Cliff. 85. Meg-ilia vittig-era Mann. 86. Hippodamia lecontei Muls. E. New Mexico (LeConte). 87. " converg-ens Guer., West Cliff, April 5. Also sub-alpine and high-alpine; a wide ranging species. E. to New Jersey. 88. Hippodamia spuria Lee. Hesterburg's Lane, Aug. 25. 89. " sinuata Muls. 90. " 13-punctata L. 91. " parenthesis Say, Ula, July 30. E. to New Jersey (Smith). Down to Pueblo. 92. Coccinella trifasciata L. Ula, July 30 (var.). Also taken near the Mi- cawber Mine in October, in the high-alpine zone. 93. Coccinella 9-notata Herbst. Mr. Wickham took this in Alaska. Down to Pueblo (W. H. Hance, Wheeler Eeport). 94. Coccinella transversog-uttata Fab. (= 5 notain Kirb.), West Cliff, May 23. Also high-alpine. Down to Canon City (Wickham). 95. Coccinella transversog-uttata var. transversalis Muls.? 96. Coccinella sanguinea L. E. to New Jersey (Smith). This species also goes S. into the W. Indies; I took it at Barbadoes. 97. Harmonia picta Eand. Cusack Eauch (M. E. Cusack). North to Canada. Down to Colorado Springs (5992 ft.). 98. Mysia hornii Cr. 99. Anatis rathvoni Lee. var. 100. Psyllobora 20-maculata var. tsedata Lee. This species goes N. to B. Col. 101. Hyperaspidius sp. incert., specimen with Dr. Eiley. 102. Exochomus marginipennis Lee. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 103. Hyperaspis flmbriolata Mels. E. to N.Jersey (Smith). Down to Pueblo. 104. Scymnus lacustris Lee. Some species of this family have a very wide distribution. Hippodamia parenthesis may not be specifically distinct from an Asiatic species. H. 13-p7inctata, Coccinella 3-fasciata and C. transversoguttata appear to be circumpolar. ENDOMYCHID^. 105. Lycoperdina ferruginea Lee. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 106. Aphorista morosa Lee. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 327 EROTYLID^. 107 Tritoma californica Lee, bet. Smith's Park and Wolff's Cabin, Aug. 25. 108. Erotylus boisduvali Chev. Denver to Georgetown (Wheeler Eeport). Santa Fe (LeConte). In our district it is not common ; the highest altitude at which it was observed is on Short Creek, at the Cnsack Ranch, where one specimen was taken by Mr. E. Cusack. CUCUJID^. 109. LsemophlcBus big'uttatus Say. E. to New Jersey (Smith). E. New Mexico (LeConte). CRYPTOPHAGID.ffi. 110. Antherophagus convexulus Lee. DEBMESTID^. 111. Dermestes marmoratus Say. E. to Iowa (Wickham). Down to Denver. E. New Mexico (LeConte). 112. Dermestes fasciatus Lee, common. Down to Denver (Wheeler Report). E. New Mexico (LeConte). 113. Dermestes lardarius var. signatus Lee. [At Canon City Mr. Wickham found D. murintis.] 114. Perimeg-atoma cylindricum Kirhy. 115. Attag-enus piceus Oliv. (^ megatoma Fab.). N. to latitude 54° 53'. 116. Anthrenus scrophularise L. E. to New Jersey. /). lardarius is also European and Asiatic. A. piceus is a European insect, and so is Anth. scrophul arise. HISTERID^. 117. Hister subopacus Lee. 118. " sellatus Lee, near Ula. 119. " harrisii Kirb. 120. " depurator Say, Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch. N. to Canada. 121. " abbreviatus Fab, (^ 6j/td«s Say), West Cliff. N. to Canada. 122. Hetserinus morsus Lee, West Cliff. 123. Saprinus lugens Er., Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch. Down to Denver (Ulke, in Wheeler Report). 124. Saprinus oregonensis Lee, Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch. N. to Canada. 125. " flmbriatus Lee, Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch. [At Canon City Mr. Wickham found S. ciliatns.] Mr. Wickham records fifteen Histeridse from Iowa City and vicinity, not one of which is common to our region, so far as known. NITIDULID^. 126. Carpophilus pallipennis Say, Ula, July 30. E. New Mexico (LeConte). 127. Epursea labilis Er., on flowers of Sambucus. E. to New Jersey (Smith). [E. pupagona is sub-alpine ] 128. Nitidula ziczac Say. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 129. Meligethes brassicse Scop. (= seneus Fab.) 130. " mutatus Har., West Cliff, July 26, by sweeping. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. NOVEMBER, 1893. 328 T. D. A. COCKERELL. 131. Meligethes serDinulum Lee, uear West Cliff. M. brassicx is also Asiatic and European. TROGOSITID^. 132. Peltis pipping-skoeldi Mann. Also at Eed Cliff (Wickhani). 133. Calitys dentata Fab., Short Creek, Cusack Eanch, Aug. 27. This species is also European. PARNID^. 134. Dryops striatus Lee. Also sub-alpine. E. to Iowa (Wickham). DASCYLLID^. 135. Eucinetus terminalis Lee. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 136. Cyphon variabilis Thuub., West Cliff, July 27. N. to Canada. BYRRHTD^. None found; but at Red Cliff, which is mid-alpine, Mr. Wickham found Cytilus trivittatus. ELATERID^. 137. Anelastes druryi Kirby. Also sub-alpine. Mr. Wickham found it at Albuquerque, N. Mex. 138. Meg-apenthes stigmosus Lee. Extends northward ; found by Mr. Wick- ham at Port Chester, Alaska. 139. Dolopius lateralis Esch. Also high-alpine. N. to Canada. Down to Canon City (Wickham). 140. Antbracopteryx hiemalis Horn, West Cliff, common, crawling on the ground early in the year. Specimens are in U. S. Mus. and Brit. Mus. 141. Cardiophorus sp. incert. Specimen with Dr. Hamilton. 142. Corymbites conjungens Lee. [At Canon City Mr. Wickham found C. maurus.l 143. Cryptohypnus sp. nov. vel hyperboreus f Near Ula. Specimen with Dr. Hamilton. 144. Asaphes carbonatus Lee. A. hiemalis is the only species of a remarkable genus, having characters allying it both to the Cryptohyprites and Corynibitites. Dr. Candeze states that it is allied to Diadysis, an Australian genus, and to the Patagonian Asorno. Thus, it has such peculiarities as we commonly notice in ancient types, verging on extinction. Athous ferruginosus is a boreal species which I found in the high-alpine, but not the mid- alpine region ; it goes far North, Mr. Wickham found it in Alaska. No doubt further search would reveal some more species of Cryptohypnus in our region. Mr. Wickham found C. nocturnus and C. abbreviatus at Red Cliff, which is mid-alpine. BUPRESTID^. 145. Dicerca prolong-ata Lee, Short Creek. N. to Canada. 146. Chalcophora virginiensis Drury, Cusack Ranch. Perhaps of the race angulicollis, which, as Dr. Hamilton informs me, is not specifically distinct. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 329 147. Buprestis nuttalli Kirby, Willow Creek, Ciisack Ranch. N. to Canada. 148. " maculiventris Say, Ciisack Ranch (M. E. Cusack). N. to Can. 149. Melanophila long-ipes Say, common. 150. Agrilus torpidus Lee. C. virginiensis is stated by Dr. Hamilton to be hardly or not specifically distinct from C. mariana of Europe. 31. longipes is European and Asiatic— in short, circumpolar. LAMPYRID^. 151. Eros aurora Hbst. 152. EUychnia corrusca L., West Cliff, May 25. N. to Canada. 153. Pyropyga fenestralis Melsh., Ula, July 30. 154. Pyractomena borealis Rand., West Cliff, May 26 ; Cusack Ranch, June 18. 155. Chauliog-nattius basalis Lee, Beddoes' Old Ranch, Aug. 9. "Abundant near Fort Bridger and in the Black Hills" (LeConte). 156. Podabrus lateralis Lee. Also high-alpine. N. to Laggan, Alberta (Bean). 157. Silis tnunita Lee. 1.58. " difflcilis Lee. E. New Mexico (LeConte). 159. Telephorus sp., West Cliff, July 27. Eros aurora is circumpolar. It is interesting to note that near Iowa City, although Mr. Wickham records species of Pyropyga, Pyractomena, Chauliognathus, Podabrus and Silis, none of them are the same as ours. A. species of Chauliognathus is fossil at Florissant. MALACHIID^. IfiO. Collops vittatus Say, var. (or u. sp. ?), West Clifif, July 26. C. vittatus occurs in Canada. 161. Malachius montanus Lee. 162. Listrus senilis Lee, West Cliff, July 27; Beddoes' Old Ranch, Aug. 9. In Mr. Wickhani's Iowa City list are three genera of this family; only one, Callops, is the same as ours, and then the species is different. Another lowa'City genus, Attains, was found by Mr. Wickham in the subalpine at Canon City, the species being A. basalis. CLERIDJE. 163. Trichodes ornatus Say, very common ; June 3, on flowers of Ligusticum montanum ; July 19, on Geranium fremontii ; July 20, on Achillea; one on a flower of Rosa blanda. and many on yellow flowers, June 26. 164. Clerus sphegeus Fab., West Cliff, May 24 (Mrs. Chetelat). N. to B. Col. 165. Necrobia violacea L., very common. Specimens of what must have been this, I have formerly called Corynetes coerideus, one having been so named for me. N. violacea is circumpolar. T. ornatus goes north to Laggan. Alberta (T. E. Bean in litt.) ; southward, LeConte quotes it from E. N. Mexico. Trichodes ornatus, as observed by me in our district, is constant in color, with yellow markings and the thorax blue. This is quite the same as T. hartwegianus White, the type of which I saw in the British Mu- seum. Spinola's description of ornatus agrees with this form, but his figure shows the yellow less developed. T. douglasianus White from California, is a distinct form, both as to color and markings; the tho- TRANS. AM. KNT. SOC. XX. (42) DECEMBER, 1893. 330 T. D. A. COCKKRKLL. rax is green. In the British Mnsenni, under hartwegianus, is another form in which the yellow markings are reduced, l;ut tending to re- semble those of douglasianus ; the thorax is blue. This last is from Vancouver Island ; the typical hartwegianus is from the Rocky Moun- tains, according to the laliel on the specimen, not California, as given in Gemminger and Harold's Catalogue, p. 1744. The original ornatus of Say is said to have come from Missouri. PTINID^. 166. Ptinus sp. incert. Specimen sent to Dr. Riley. SCABAB^ID^. 167. Canthon praticola Lee, "Kansas and New Mexico" (LeConte, 1859). 168. Aphodius granarius L., West Cliff, May 7; April 30. 16!). " vittatus Say, West Cliff. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 170. '■ brevicollis Lee. 171. •' marginatus Lee, West Cliff. 17:3. " cruentatus Lee. 173. •' explanatus Lee, vide Dr. Hamilton, "Can. Ent." 1891, p. 61. 174. " alternatus Horn, West Cliff, May 25. 175. Listrochelus sp. incert., specimen with Dr. Riley. 176. Ti'ox sonorse Lee. 177. Diplotaxis brevicollis Lee. 178. " subangulata Lee. 179. " pacata IjCc. ? 180. " haydenii Lee, West Cliff, May 23, etc.. common at light, pale and dark forms occur. Sub-alpine in Pueblo County. 181. Lachnosterna crinita Burm. S. to Albuquerque, N. Mes. (Wickham). 182. Cremastochilus knochii Lee E. to Iowa (Wickham). 183. Trichius piger Fab., on Rosa, etc. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 184. " texanus Horn, West Cliff, end of July; Beddoes' Old Ranch. Aug. 9 and Aug. 12. 185. Ligyrus lapponicus. Aphodius granarius is circumpolar ; surely native, not introduced, in Colo- rado. The genus Diplotaxis is absent from Mr. Wickham's Iowa City list, but the New Jersey list contains three species. This genus seems in the Rocky Mountains to partly take the place of Lachnosterna. At Salida, Mr. Wickham found Cremastochilus crinitus and C. castanea'. SPONDYLID^. 186. Spondylis upiformis Mann. CERAMBYCID.E. 187. Ergates spiculatus Lee var. marmoratus Ckll. See "Ent. News" Decem- ber, 1890, p. 161. A specimen is in British Museum. 188. Prionus californicus Mots., one specimen taken, now in British Museum. 189. Homsesthesis emarginatus Say, Willow Creek, specimen now in B. Mus. 190. Tragosoma depsarium L , subsp. harrisii Lee, Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch', Aug. (M. E. Cusack) ; also taken in September. 191. Asemum atrum Esch. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 331 192. Nothorina aspera Lee. 193. Criocephalus agrestis Kirb. E. to New Jersey (Smith). Plaius S. of Denver (Wheeler Report). 194. Criocephalus montanus Lee. 195. Hylotrupes ligneus Fab., several, now iu Dr. Hamilton's coll.; the speci- men formerly identified for me as bajulus, was probably ligneus. E. to New Jersey. 196. Phymatodes dimidiatus Kirb., dark var., West Cliff, June 11 (Mrs. Chetelat) ; and others taken at different times. 197. Callidium janthinum Lee. 198. " cicatricosum Mann., West Cliff, June 13. 199. Crossidius discoideus Say, Texas Creek. Splaun Ranch. 200. Clytus planifrons Lee, var. Short Creek, Cusack Ranch, Aug. 27. 201. Neoclytus muricatulus Kirb. 202. Atimia confusa Say, West Cliff, September, specimen now in British Mu- seum. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 203. Rhag-ium lineatum Oliv., Splaun Ranch, April 26, the same day, it snowed. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 204. Pachyta liturata Kirb., immaculate var. Cusack Ranch (M. E. Cusack). The species goes N. to Stikine R., B. C. (Wickham). 205. Acmseops lig-ata Lee. 206. " proteus Kirb. Also high-alpiue, and down to Denver (H. G. Smith, Jr.). 207. Acmseops pratensis Laich. Also high-alpine. 208. Leptura propinqua Bland, Beddoes' Old Ranch, Aug. 9 ; also high-alpine. 209. " subarg-entata Kirby. Also high-alpine, and goes N. to Glenora, B. C. (Wickham). 210. Leptura canadensis Fab., Cusack Ranch. Aug. 27. The species goes N. to Stikine R., B. C. (Wickham). 211. Leptura canadensis var. cribripennis Lee, Platte River (LeConte). 212. " chrysocoma Kirby, Cusack Ranch, Aug. 3. 213. Monohanamus scutellatus var. oregonensis Lee. The species was found by Mr. Wickham at Stikine R., B. C. (Wickham). 214. Acanthocinus obliquus Lee, West Cliff, June 12 (Mrs. Chetelat). 215. " spectabilis Lee. 216. Pogonoclierus mixtus Hald. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 217. " " var. simplex. Tragosoma depsarmm is doubtless circumpolar, as also is Acmxops pratensis, though neither are uniform throughout their range. Although Mr. Wickham quotes 28 genera and 42 species of Cerambycidje from Iowa City and vicinity, only three of the genera {Prionus, Acmteops, Lep- tura) are common to the mid-alpiue of Custer County, Colo., and not one species is common to both ! Nevertheless, iu Prof. Smith's New Jersey list are 15 genera and six species of Cerambycidse common to our district. CHRYSOMELID^. 218. Coscinoptera axillaris Lee. 219. " vittig'era Lee, frequent ; occurs on Oxytropis lamberti. 220. Babia quadrig'uttata Say, West Cliff, on Yucca angustifolia. E. to New Jersey (Smith). TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. DECEMBER. 1893. 332 T. D. A. COCKKKKLL. 221. Pachybrachys hepaticus Melsh. [At Canon City Mr. Wickham found P. vidniitun.] 222. Adoxus vitis Fab., the black form. The species is also high-alpine. 22.3. Graphops varians Lee, common. 224. Entomoscelis adonidis Fab., Hesterburg's Lane, Aug. 25, on leaf of Cnicus. 225. Chrysomela fiavomarginata Say, West Cliff, July 27. 226. " montivag-ans Lee. 227. Plagiodera oviformis Lee. N. to Vancouver Island (Wickham). 228. Luperus lecontei Cr. 229. Trirhabda flavolimbata Mann.?, abundant, larvae on Solidago missourien- sis ; larva described as flavolineatus in West. Amer. Sci., 1889, p. 10. 230. Trirhabda convergens* Lee, near West Cliff, June 26, locally abundant, but not found where the var. virescens occurs. 231. Trirhabda convergens var. virescens Ckll., West Cliff, July 27, etc., very abundant; Silver CUiff; see "But. News," 1890, p. 4. A specimen is in the British Museum. 232. Adimonia americana var. cribrata Lee, Ula, July 30; West Cliff, May 25, % and 9 i" ''op. E. to New Jersey. 233. Galeruca decora Say, West Cliff. E. to New Jersey (Smith). [At Canon City Mr. Wickham found G. ei'osn.] 234. Monoxia guttulata Lee. Down to Pueblo (Wheeler Report). 235. CEdionychis lugens Lee. Originally described from Santa Fe. 236. Disonycha triangularis Say. Also sub-alpine. Colorado Springs (Wheeler Report). 237. Disonycha quinquevittata Say, West Cliff, abundant, flying in the sun by willow bushes. 238. Haltica evicta Lee, West Cliff. .2.'^9. " foliacea Lee Also sub-alpine. Colorado Springs (Wheeler Eep.). iiO. " punctipennis Lee, Smith's Park, Aug. 8, on Epilobium angmlifo- litem. ill. Crepidodera helxines L., West Cliff. >42. ChEetocnema subviridis Lee, Uhi, July 30; West Cliff, July 27. Origi- nally descrilied from Fort Laramie. 243. Psylliodes interstitialis Lee (= convexior Lee) 244. Phyllotreta pusilla Horn, West Cliff, July 31 ; see also 8th Eep. Colorado Biological Association; also high-alpine. 245. Liongitarsus nitidellus Ckll., Horn, two specimens taken, one now in Dr. Horn's coll., the other in U. S. Nat. Mus. 246. PhEedon sp., see 12lh Rep. Colorado Biological Association. (Edionychus lugens is quoted by Horn from New Mexico and Arizona, and Longitarsus nitidellus has a like distribution. Disonycha qaiiiqnevit- tata appears to occur all over the Western States, and in a few of the Eastern ; while, on the contrary, D. triangularis is Eastern and « On reading Dr. Horn's recent revision of this genus, I have become doiiblfu! whether the species I bred from Solidago was not really T. convergens ; and also whether my T. convergens var. virescens is not rather a variety of fiavolimbutu. I no longer pos.sess specimens of these insects, and cannot decide about their iden- tification, but my var. ricesceHS can be examined in the British Museum. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 333 Cfinadiau. Haltica evicta is quoted from Oregon ; H. punctipennix goes East to Missouri and West to California. Crepidodera helxines is widely distributed and also European. Chset. subviridis is found in Kansas, Montana, Arizona and California. Phyllotreta pusilla is widely distributed in the West, and a rather serious pest. PsyUiodes convexiur has a very wide distribution, mostly southern. Thus it is seen that our Haltieini are derived from various sources, and by no means purely boreal. Adoxiis vitis (more properly called obscurus L.) is also European and Asiatic; so also is Entomoscelis adonidis, BRUCHID^. 247. Bruchus fraterculus Horn. TENEBRIONID^. 248. Emmenastus acutus Horn. 249. Embaphion sp. near contusura Lee. Specimen with Dr. Riley. 250. Asida opaca Say, "Kansas" [^^ Colorado] and New Mexico, neir the mountains (LeConte, 1859). Denver (H. G. Smith, Jr.). 251. Asida sordida Lee. Also sub-alpine. Denver (H. G. Smith, Jr.). 252. " marginata Lee. 253. Iphthimus sp. incert. [At Canon City Mr. Wickham found /. serratus.] 254. Coniontis obesa Lee. Also at Salida (Wickham). 255. Conibius sp. incert. Specimen with Dr. Eiley. 256. Eleodes tricostata Say, E. New Mexico (LeConte). 257. " obsoleta Say, West Cliff. Down to Pueblo (Wheeler Report). E. New Mexico (LeConte), 258. Eleodes extricata Say. Also subalpiue. E. New Mexico (LeConte). 259. " nigrina Lee. E. New Mexico (LeConte). 260. " hispilabris Say. In the Wheeler Report this is recorded from San Luis Valley, Fort Garland and plains S. of Denver. 261. Blapstinus lecontei Muls. 262. •■ pratensis Lee, "Platte River Valley, abundant" (LeConte). 263. " vestitus Lee, Platte River Valley (LeConte). [At Canon City Mr. Wickham found B. dilatatiis.] 264. Paratenetus fuscus Lee. E. to New Jersey (Smith). Of the above nine genera, the first seven are absent from the New Jersey li,st; and P. fuscus is the only species also recorded therein. Yet the Tenebrionidai are well represented in New Jersey with thirty-otie genera. In the Iowa City list there are eleven genera of Tenebri- onidse, only one of which, Blapstinus, is common to our district, and of this the species are different. Thus we see that both as to the forest Coleoptera [e. g. Cerambycidse) and those of open ground (Tenebrionidse) the fauna of our district is almost totally distinct from that in the vicinity of Iowa City. Trimytis pruinosa was found by Mr. Wickham in the lower mid-alpine at Salida, and also in the sub-alpine at Canon City. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. DECEMBER, 1893. 334 T. D. A. COCKERELL. MEL ANDRYIDiE . 265. Canifa sp. inccrt. Specimen with Dr. Riley. 266. Xylita Isevig-ata Hellw.? 267. Lacconotus pinicolus Horn. X. lievigaia is also Siberian. PYTHID^. 268. Crymodes discicoUis Lee MORDELLID^. 269. Pentaria sp. incert. Specimen sent to Dr. Riley. 270. Anaspis atra Lee. 271. Mordella melsena Germ. Also high-alpine. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 272. Mordellistena morula Lee. West Cliff, May 23. 273. " gemula Lee. West CMS, May 23. Down to Pueblo (Wheeler Report). Platte River (LeConte). Anaspis rufa Say, was not observed in th.^ mid-alpine of Custer County, but I took it at the Micawber Mint in the high-alpine. It has a typically boreal distribution ; in the east Dr. Hamilton informed me that it was common at Allegheny, Pa., and Prof. Smith records it from the Orange Mountains of New Jersey, while in the far north- west Mr. Wickham took it on flowers in Alaska. ANTHICID^. 274. Corphyra lewisii Horn. 275. Notoxus anchora Heutz, Ula, by sweeping, July 30. E. to New Jersey. Also in the Iowa City list. 276. Anthicus punctulatus Lee, frequent by Short Creek. 277. " sp. insert., near Ula. Specimen with Dr. Hamilton. 278. " haldemani Lee. In the Iowa City list are two species of Corphyra and six of Anthicus. but all different from ours. At Salida Mr. Wickham found Anthicus flavicans. MELOID^. 279. Meloe carbonaceus Lee, rather common on the open prairie. 280. Tricrania stansburyi Hald. 281. Nemognatha lutea Lee, Texas Creek, Old Splauu Ranch, Aug. 12. Also in the Iowa City list. 282. Epicauta ferruginea Say. Also sub-alpine. Denver (H. G. Smith, Jr.). 283. '■ pennsylvanica DeG. Short Creek, Cusack Ranch, August. E. to New Jer.sey (Smith). Iowa City list (Wickham). 284. Cantharis nuttalli Say, very abundant. West Cliff. May 25 ; head of Grape Creek, fourteen miles from West Cliff (C. P. Lowe); Willow Creek, etc. 285. Cantharis viridana Lee. 286. " sphsericollis Say. Also in South Park (Wheeler Report). 287. " compressicornis Horn, on flowers of Achillea miUefolium, Aug. 23. Down to Denver (H. G. Smith, Jr.). ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 335 Of the above five genera, only the first and fourth are common to New Jersey, and of the nine species, only one. New Jersey has only eight species of this family. In the Iowa City list there are four genera and eight species, of which three genera and two species occur with us. It is rather remarkable that although LeCoute's list from E. New Mexico contains thirteen species of Meloidfe, not one of the species is com- mon to our district. Epicauta mac.iilata Say and Nemognatha immaculata Say, are two species characteristic of the sub-alpine zone, but not met with in the mid- alpine, according to my experience. BHYNCHITID^. 288. Bhynchites bicolor Fab., abundant. West Cliflf, June 17, on Cnicus. N. to Vancouver Island (Wickham). BYRSOPID^. Not met with ; at Canon City (sub-alpine) Mr. Wickham found Thecesternus humeralis. OTIORHYNCHID^. 289. Ophryastes tuberosus Lee, common. E. to New Mexico (LeConte). 290. Peritaxia rugicollis Horn. Neither of these genera are in the Iowa City list. [At Canon City Mr. Wickham found Ophryastes vittatus.] CURCULIONIDwSl. 291. Sitones tibialis Auctt. This is also European and Asiatic. 292. Lepidophorus lineaticollis Kirby. 293. Macrops vitticollis Kirby. 294. Cleonus quadrilineatus Chev. [At Canon City Mr. Wickham found C. canescens.] 295. Smicronyx vestitus Lee. West CliflF, July 31. [S. fulvus is sub-alpine.] 296. Phyllotrox nubifer Lee. West Clifi", July 27. 297. " n. sp., sent to Dr. Hamilton, who says it is common in Colo. 298. Mag-dalis lecontei Horn. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 299. Anthonomus canus Lee. West CliflF, common. 300. " n. sp. a very downy little species, sent to Dr. J. Hamilton. [A species of Anthonomus is fossil at Florissant.] 301. Orchestes minutus Horn. 302. " ruflpes Lee. 303. Acalles clathratus Lee. 304. Coeliodes curtus Say. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 305. Ceutborhynchus n. sp. Specimen with Dr. Hamilton. 306. Baris transversa Say. [At Canon City Mr. Wickham found B. tiimescens.] 307. Calandrinus grandicollis Lee. .308. Apion sp. West Cliff, July 27, by sweeping. Of all these species only the first is on the Iowa City list, whicli never- theless includes nearly seventy Curculionidse ! TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. DECEMBEK, 1893. 336 T. D. A. COCKERELL. CALANDBID^. 309. Cactophag-us validus Lee. See Sixth Rep. Colo. Biol. Assoc*. SCOLYTID.E. 310. Dendroctonus terebrans Oliv., quite common. Also sub-alpine in Custer County and in Pueblo County. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 311. Hylastes longus Lee. Neither of these genera are on the Iowa list. ANTHRIBIDuE. 31-'. Gonotropis gibbosus Lee. NEUROPTERA. TERMITID^. 313. Termes flavipes Koll., honeyeombs Populns tremuloides. E. to N. J. (Smith ). PERLID.S. 314. Leuctra sp. EPHEMERID^. 315. Callibaetis sp., near West Cliff. ODONATA. AGKIONINiE. 316. Ag-rlon {sens, lat.) sp., pale ochreous. West Cliff, May 25, locally abnndant. 317. '■ " sp., thorax ochre, abdomen reddish and black above, near West Cliff, June 1. 318. Agrion [sens, lat.) sp., like the last, but scarcely any black on abdomen. West Cliff, June 12. 319. Agrion (sens, lat.) sp., thorax blue-black, hairy; abdomen dark reddish and black. West Cliff, by sweeping, June 12. On the underside of the thorax were very many small bright red mites. HEMEROBIID.^. 320. Hemerobius sp.. near West Cliff 321. Chrysopa sp., West Cliff, July. PHRYGANID^. Some unidentified species were found. ORTHOFTERA. MANTID^. 322. Ameles (o. sp. ?) juv., {ji'ay-brown, Old Splaun Eanch, Texas Creek, 1889. Mr. Bruuer wrote that it was rather like A. mexicanus, but not that. LOCUSTID.^. 323. Ceuthophilus maculatus Harris, in a mine near Rosita (T. Charlton); see " Ent. News," 1890, p. 64. E. to New Jersey (Smith). ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 337 ACRIDID-aS. The Acrididse of the mid-alpine zone are almost entirely different from those of the sub-alpine; compare the present list with that given in "Ento- mologist," 1888, pp. 300-301. 324. Chrysochraon abdorainale Thos.?, Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, Sept. 325. Stenobothrus curtipennis Harr., West Cliff, July 27; Ula, July 30. Occurs throughout the United States and Brit. Am. (Bruner in litt.). 326. Melanoplus scriptus Walk. Extends northwestward (Bruner in litt.). 327. ■' femur-rubrum DeG. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 328. ■' g-ladstonii Riley. Plains near Rocky Mountains and N. to Saskatchewan (Bruner in litt.). .329. Melanoplus bivittatus Scudd. E. to New Jersey (Smith). United States and north Mexico (Bruner in litt.). 330. Chortophaga viridifasciata var. infuscata Harr. E. to New Jersey. 331. " " DeG., type form. E. to New Jersey. 332. Camnula pellucida Scudd. West Cliff, July 26; near Smith's Park, Aug. 25; Smith's Park, Aug. 6; near Smith's Park, Aug. 13. Occurs across the continent (Bruner in litt.). 333. Camnula pellucida var. obiona Thos. ; see " Eut. Mo. Mag." Dec, 1888, p. 164. Mr. Bruner writes "hardly a variety — merely from high eleva- tions." 334. Arphia teporata Scudd. Rocky Mts., 5000 to 9000 ft. (Bruner in litt.). 335. Hippiscus leprosus Sauss.? 336. Trimerotropis vinculata Scud. Rather widely distributed (Bruner in litt.). 337. Psoloessa coloradensis Thos. West Cliff, very abundant on dry bench above creek. May 5. 338. Circotettix verruculatus Kirhy, type and var. E. to New Jersey. Rocky Mountains, high, and N. E. to Maine (Bruner in litt.). 339. Spharag-emon sequale Scudd. E. to New Jersey. Rocky Mountains, lower than the last, and northeastward (Bruner in litt.). 340. Tettix acadicus ? Widely distributed (Bruner in litt,). 341. " granulatus Kirb. E. to New Jersey. 342. " ornatus Say. E. to New Jersey. 343. Acrolophus hirtipes Say. Lower Cox Ranch, Swift Creek, Aug. 25; near Beckwith Ranch, Aug. 9. Plains from Texas to Saskatchewan (Bruner in litt.). 344. Tettigidea sp. HYMEXOPTKRA. APID^. APIN^. 345. Apis melliflca L., near Swift Creek. BOMBING. 346. Bombus sylvicola Kirby, Ula, a nest in stable at Howard Ranch, July .30; and Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, August. 347. Bombus ternarius Say. Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, Aug. 22. Also high-aipine, at timber line ; goes S. to New Mexico (Wheeler Report). TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (43) DECEMBER. 1893. 338 T. D. A. COCKKKELL. 348. Bombus dubius Cr., near Swift Creek. 349. " nevadensis Cr., near Swift Creek. Described in the Wheeler Eeport from Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico. 350. Bombus appositus Cr., near Swift Creek. 351. " mixtus Cr., near Swift Creek. 352. " perplexus var. hudsonicus Cr., Cusack Ranch, Aug. 3. 353. " borealis Kirby, Old Beddoes Ranch, Aug. 9, at flowers of Rud- beckio lachiiata. 354. Bombus rufocinctus ■■ Cr. West Cliff, May 25; Aug. 19, at flowers of Gyin- nolomia muJtiflora. Also high-alpine. Of the nine Bombi, sylvicola, ternarius, perplexus and borealis, are boreal : nevadensis and appositus belong to the Western States: rufocinctus and mixtus are only known from Colorado ; and duhixis is from Kansas and Colorado. The case of C. rufocinctus is very remarkable, as it is an abundant and very distinct species, not easily overlooked. It has also a Volucella-m\m\Q,. Yet Mr. Fo.x tells me that it is still only known from Colorado. ANTHOPHORIN^. 355. Anthophora bomboides Kirby. 356. Diadasia australis (^r., near Swift Creek. 3.57. " enavata Cr. West Cliff. July 29. 358. Melissodes menuacha Cr. West Cliff, May 24 ; has blue-gray eyes. 359. Habropoda sp. West Cliff, May 23, at Thermopsis. A large dark bee with face partly light yellow. 360. Eucera sp. West Cliff, May 25; dark brown, with partly yellow face. Anth. bomhoides is boreal. Diadasia Patt. has three species, all found in Colorado. D. australis is also in Texas, and D. enavata in Kansas and Texas. Melissodes has fourteen species in Colorado. 31. menuacha is widely distributed in the West. Habropoda is widely distributed in the United States, with few species; two occur in Colorado. Eucera, a genus also found in Europe, seems to have but one described species in the United States. MEGACHILIN^. 361. Megachile perbrevis Cr. Willow Creek. 362. '■ bucephala Sm. West Cliff. 363. Anthidium parvum Cr., near Swift Creek. 364. Monumetha borealis Cr. West Cliff, May 24; has blue-gray eyes. 365. Osmia densa Cr. West Cliff, May 25. 366. " Integra Ci'. West Cliff, May 19, two specimens. 367. " juxtaCr.? West Cliff, May 19. 368. " marginipennis Cr., near Swift Creek, obtained from pupa cells found. ■•■■ I had failed to notice that this species is recorded from near Ottawa, Canada, by J. A. Guignard (Can. Ent. 1886, p. 68). This record is important from our point of view, as it indicates that the species is of preglacial origin. It should be looked for on the mountains of New England. — T. D. A. C. — Nov. 8. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 339 369. Coelioxys coloradensis Cr.. uear Swift Creek. Megachile has twenty Colorado spp. ; M. perhrevis is also in Texas ; M. bticephala is boreal and western. Anthidium has twelve Colorado spp. ; A. parvum is also in Oregon. 3fon. boreaUs, the only U. S. species, is boreal and widely distributed. Osmia, with twenty-five spp. in Colorado, presents a good example of the development of numerous species within the limits of an old and widely distributed genus. All of the above mentioned species seem to be, so far as known, confined to Colorado. Coelioxys has nine Colorado spp. ; C. coloradensis seems confined to Colorado. NOMADIN^. 370. BomDomelecta thoracica Cr. West Cliff. May 19. 37L Nomada americana var. valida Cr. West Cliff, May 24, at flowers of Erigeron radicatus. 372. Nomada' parata Cr. West Cliff, May 19; some have the ends of the an- tenufe reddish, some have not. 373. Nomada fragilis Cr. West Cliff, May 19. 374. " morrisoni Cr. West Cliff, May 19. 375. Panurgus flmbriatus Cr. West Cliff, May 19, and May 25. 376. " rufocinctus Ashm. West Cliff. Hym. Colorado* p. 4. 377" " andrenoides Cr. West Cliff, May 19, at willow blossom. 378. " marg-inatus Cr. West Cliff, May 19. Bomb, thoracica, the only species of its genus, at least in N. America, is western. Nomada has twenty-six Colorado spp. ; N. americana is bo- real, but the other three in the list seem confined to Colorado. Pan- urgus and Nomada are also European ; the Colorado spp. of the latter genus are only seven in number; of the above {our, fimbriatus and rufocinctus seem only known from Colorado; andrenoides is also in Texas, and marginatus is recorded from Kansas. ANDBENID-S. ANDRENIM^. 379. Megacilissa monticola Ashm. MS.; see 10th Eep. Colo. Biol. Ass'n. 380. Cilissa trizonata Ashm.. Hym. Colo. p. 6. 381. " erythrogaster Ashm., Hym. Colo. p. 6. 382. " nigrihirta Ashm., Hym. Colo. p. 6. 383. " albihirta Ashm., Hym. Colo. p. 5. 384. Nomia nortoni Cr. West Cliff, on flower of Yucca angustifolia. Also high-alpine, at timber line. 385. Andrena sp. West Cliff, May 24. Megacilissa is quoted in Cresson's catalogue only from Georgia ; but Mr. Fox informs me that there are two species in Mexico, and one in N. Mex. Cilissa has only one United Slates species, according to Cresson's work, but probably several exist; the genus is also European. Our four species are only known from Colorado. Nomia nortoni extends « Hym. Colo. = Ash mead ; on the Hymenoptera of Colorado. Bull. 1, Colo. Biol. Assoc, 1890. TBANS. AM. ENT. .SOC. XX. DECEMBER, 1893. 340 T. D. A. COCKKRELL. to Kansas and Texas; and there is another of the genus in Nevada. Andrena, which is also European, has many North American species. Thus, of the above four generic types, two, Megacilissa and Nomiasn^m to belong to the Southern fauna ; and the other two, to the boreal. HALICTIN^. 386. Prosopis varifrons Cr., Cusack Ranch, Aug. 3, and near West Cliif. 387. " basalis Sm., Cusack Ranch (M. E. Cusack). Also high-alpine. 388. Colletes sp. West Cliff, May 19. 389. Agapostemon sp. West Cliff, May 23, at flowers of Eanunculus cymhalaria. and May 2.5, at Senecio flowers, abundant. A bright green species. 390. A. melliventris Cr. ? In September, as I was driving past Dismore's Ranch, just within the Custer County boundary, I saw a bee which seemed very like the figure of this species in the Rept. Wheeler Sur- vey, which, as it happened, I had been looking at a few hours before. Unfortunately, I could not catch it. 391. Halictus sp. West Cliff, May 23, at Ranunculus cymhalaria. Prosopis varifrons seems confined to Colorado, but P. basalis ranges to British America. Colletes is widely distributed from Canada to Florida, etc., besides being European. Agapostemon and Halictus go south to Florida, etc., but although there are many United States species of Halictus, none, except trisonatus from Nevada, seem to have been found on the Pacific slope. Sphecodes, a boreal genus, was not noticed in the mid-alpine; but in the high-alpine region I met with S. dichroa Sm. In Europe this genus shows a tendency to become split up into numerous closely allied but distinct species, so that in the British Is. alone there are fifteen specific forms; in North America this species-forming tendency has not shown itself, so far as can be judged from published information, the whole of North America having but five species. CRABRONID-^. 392. Crabro packardii Cr., near Swift Creek. .393. " vicinus Cr., near Swift Oeek. 394. " bellus Cr., near Swift Creek. 395. " gracilissimus Pack., near Swift Creek. .396. " sexmaculata Say, Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, Aug. 22. 397. Trypoxylon frig-idum Sm., Cusack Ranch. 398. Oxybelus u. sp. Ashm., near Swift Creek. Crabro sexmaculata is boreal, but the others are only known from Colo- rado. T. frigidum is also a boreal type. The genus Oxybelus is widely distributed in America, and has five Colorado species. PEMPHREDONID^. 399. PassalCBCUs mandibularis Cr., Cusack Ranch (M. J3. Cusack); and near West Cliff. Also high-alpine. 400. Passaloecus cuspidatus Sm. West Cliff. 401. Cemonus inornat^is Say, Cusack Ranch. 402. Stigmus fraternus .Say. West Cliff, by sweeping, July 25. 403. Pemphredon concolor Say. West Cliff. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 341 This is not a species-forming family, but its types are widely spread. There are only two North American genera not here represented, both belonging to the Northeastern States, and mouotypic. Passalcecus (also European) is a boreal genus which has not split into many spe- cies; there is only one other in the United States besides the above, both of which extend to British America. C. inornatus, the only United States species of its genus, extends to Canada, and is widely distributed. The same applies to Pemph. concolor, except that there is a second species in Pennsylvania. S. frntermis goes to Canada. New York. Pennsylvania, and there is a different species in Illinois. There is no Colorado species of this family not found in Wet Mountain Valley, so far as known. NYSSONIDJE. 404. Hoplisus flavinotatus Ashm. MS.; see 10th Eep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n. Hoplisus is a widely distributed genus, also European. The genus Gorytes is not in our list, and judging from Cressou's list, the species seem to come from the Southern and Eastern States. But Mr. Fox has lately described five new species from Western States (Nevada, Montana, Washington), showing that it will not do to theorise very much on present information, which is so liable to be upset by new discoveries BEMBECIN^E. 405. Steniolia obliqua Say, Cusack Ranch (M. E. Cusack); West Cliff. This species is given only for Colorado in Cresson's list, but I learn from Mr. Fox that it is found in British Columbia and Texas, and that there are three other American species. NEOLARRIN^. 406. Neolarra pruinosa Ashm., Hym. Colo., p. 8. This insect was made the type of a new species, genus and subfamily by Mr. Ashmead, and is, I believe, still only known from the typical specimen, which is in the collection of its describer. LARRID^. LARRIN^. 407. Larra montana Cr., Cusack Ranch (M. E. Cusack). A widely distributed genus, but the present species seems confined to Colorado. There are four other Colorado species. SPHECID^. 408. Ammophila vulgaris Cr. West Cliff, May 25. 409. " robusta Cr., Swift Creek, caught preying upon a Clisiocampa larva. 410. Ammopliila macra Cr., Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, Aug. 14. 411. •' luctuosa Sm. West Cliff, May 23, 24 and 25. Ammophila, also a European genus, is well represented in Colorado with nineteen species. A. vulgaris is also found in Texas, and so is prob- ably a southern type; while A. luctuosa is boreal, and the other two seem peculiar to Colorado. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. DECEMBER, 1893. 342 T. D. A. COOKKRELL. POMPILID^. 412. Agenia congrua Cr., uear Swift Creek. 413. Pompilus biguttatus St. Faig. 414. " scelestus Cr., near Swift Creek. 415. Priocnemis sp., near Swift Creek. All three genera are also European. Pompilus is extremely rich in spe- cies, and widely distributed ; eleven species occur in Colorado, both of those given above are boreal. Priocnemis has six Colorado species. Agenia congrua, the only Colorado species of its genus, is down in Cresson's catalogue only for W. Va., but possibly it will prove to be really boreal. VESPID^. 416. Vespa g-ermanica Fb., near Swift Creek. 417. " maculata Fb.. Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, August. Extends to Labrador (Packard). 418. Vespa occidentalis Cr., uear Swift Creek. 419. " diabolica Sauss., Cusack Ranch, Aug. 3. 420. " infernalis Cr., near Swift Creek. 421. Polybia sp. incert. Specimen with Dr. Riley. The wasps are very similar to those of Europe, and V. germanica is spe- cifically identical. V. maculata, diaboHcn and infernalis may be con- sidered boreal, while V. occidentalis is western. For this last species Cresson cites Nevada and New Mexico, while Mr. Fox informs me that he has seen specimens from Washington and Vancouver Island. PoUstes occurs immediately below tlie mid-alpine region, and I believe extends into it. but I have no records. EUMENID-^. 422. Eumenes fraternus Say, near Swift Creek. 423. Odynerus walshianus Sauss., near Swift Creek. 424. " debilis Sauss., near Swift Creek. 425. " sulfureus Sauss., near Swift Creek. 426. " capra Sauss., near Swift Creek. 427. " tlgris Sauss., near Swift Creek. 428. '■ albophaleratus Sauss., near Swift Creek. Both the genera are also European, and all the species are boreal, except 0, walshianus, known elsewhere only in Illinois; and 0. sulfureus, which also occurs in California. Thinking that 0. walshianus must surely have been found in some intermediate locality during recent years, I questioned Mr. Fox, and he assures me that this is not the case. MUTILLID^. 429. Photopsis alcanor Blake, near Swift Creek. 430. " glabrella Cr., near Swift Creek, etc., common. Also sub-alpine. 431. " atrata Blake, Willow Creek, Aug. 27, and near West Cliff. 432. Sphserophthalma mollissima Blake, Ula, July 30. 433. " creusa Cr., West Cliff, July 27. 434. " fulvohirta Cr., near Swift Creek. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 343 Photopsis and Sphxrophthalma are genera inhabiting the dry regions of the West, and extremely rich iu species, which are closely allied to one another. Eleodes, among the Coleoptera, offers a similar instance. It is difficult to account for the origin of so many species under con- ditions which can hardly at any time have been very diverse. Mr. Fox writes me "no species of Photopsis is known further east than Colorado. P. cressoni Fox, from New Jersey, is a doubtful Photopsis. Sphxrophthalma is found in all regions except the extreme North and South, and is especially well represented iu the Tropics; it is not dis- tinct from Mutilla." Three of the above species seem confined to Colorado, but of the other three, P. alcanor extends to Arizona, P. atrata to Nevada, and S. creusa to Texas. FORMICID^. 435. Camponotus sylvaticus var. vicinus Mayr.* Also high-alpine. 436. Formica fusca L., common ; Dora, March 27. 437. " Integra Nyl,, very abundant; West Cliff, March 29; Beddoes' Old Eaiich, May; April 5; Dora, March 27. Also high-alpine. 438. Formica aterrima Cr., West Cliff, common by the water-works May 25. 439. " cillata Mayr?, West Cliff, at flowers of Yucca angustifolia. 440. Lasius flavus DeG., West Cliff. 441. " sp. 442. " nig-er var. alienus Forst., West Cliff. 443. Tapinoma sessile Say, near Swift Creek. Also high-alpine. Formica aterrima and F. ciliata seem confined to Colorado, but for the rest the species are boreal, and three of them quite identical with Euro- pean forms. F. aterrima is a conspicuous species, but Mr. Fox tells me that it is still apparently confined to Colorado. F. integra is very near the European F. riifa, but Mr. Fox says authorities are agreed in considering it distinct. MYRMICID^. 444. Pog-onomyrmex occidentalis Cr., West Cliff, July 27. 445. Myrmica scabrinodis var. lobicoruis Nyl., Willow Creek, Aug. 27. Also West Cliff. 446. Monomorium sp. The Pogonomyrmex is also found in Texas. 31. lobicornis is also European. CHRYSIDID^. CHRYSIDIN^. 447. Chrysis clara Cr., N. to Wash, and S. to Arizona and Texas. 448. ■' pacifica Say, near Swift Creek, common. N. E. to Labrador. 449. " lateridentata Aaron, near Swift Creek. N. to Washington. 4,50. " cserulans Fab., near West Cliff. E. to New Jersey (Smith) and N. to Vancouver. * C. sylvaticus Oliv. was found by Mr. Whymper at 9000 feet in Ecuador. Mr. Cameron remarks that it " is very generally distributed over the old world, as well as in America." TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. DECEMBEE, 1893. 344 T. D. A. COCKERELL. ELAMPIN^. 451. Hedychrum violaceum BiuU., small var. Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch. N. to Canada. 452. Hedychridium viride Cr. E. to New Jersey region. 453. Notozus viridicyaneus Nort., near West Cliff. N. to Canada. PROCTOTRUPID^.* BETHYLIN/E. 454. Bethylus pedatus Say. E. to Indiana. PLATYGASTERIN^. 455. Polygnotus error Fitch, We.st Cliff, bred from gall of Cecidomyin salicis- brassicoides. E. to New York. BELYTIN^. 456. Ismarus atropetiolatus Ashm., West Cliff, July 31. Hym. Colo. p. 11. 457. Psilomma coloradensis Ashm., Hym. Colo. p. 11. 458. Miota glabra Ashm., Hym. Colo. p. 12. 459. Anectata polita Ashm. MS.; see 3d Rep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n. 460. Xenotoma macrodyctium Ashm. MS. ; see 3d Rep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n. 461. Zelotypa coloradensis Ashm., Hym. Colo. p. 12. CYNIPID^. FIGITINyE. 462. Figites coloradensis Ashm., West Cliff, June 11, by sweeping. Also high-alpine. Hym. Colo. p. 13. INQUILIN^. 463. Periclistus pirata O. S., West Cliff, bred from galls oi Rhodites ignota. E. to Connecticut. 464. Periclistus fusi Ckll., bred from galls of Rhodites fusiformans, West Cliff. Tr. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1890, xvi-xvii (sine descr.) CYNIPIN^. 465. Diastrophus fusiformans Ckll., Ashm., near Swift Creek. Hy. Col. p. 13. 466. Rhodites rossefolii Ckll., Ashm., West Cliff, common; see "Ent. Mo. Mag." 1889, July. p. 324; August, p. 363; "Entom." 1890, p. 74; "Psyche" 1889, p, 284. Specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus. and Brit. Mus. Manitou and near Fort Collins (Gillette). 467. Rhodites bicolor Harr., West Cliff, abundant. N. to Canada. Down to Manitou and near Fort Collins (Gillette). 468. Rhodites fusiformans Ckll., Ashm., West Cliff, abundant; see "Entom." March, 1890, p. 75; "Can. Ent." March, 1890, p. 56. Hym. Col. p. 14. * I have just received (November 24th) Mr. Ashmead's monograph of N. A. Proctotrypidae, wherein the species from Wet Mountain Valley are named as follows: 1, Synopeas inermis Ashm.; 2, Miota glabra Ashm.; 3, Miota (olini Psi- lomma) coloradensis .Ashm.; 4, Belyta monilicornis Ashm. ; 5, Cinetus (olim Xeno- toma) macrodyctium Ashm.; 6, Pantoclis (olim Zelotypa) coloradensis Ashm.; 7, Anectata polita Ashm.; 8, Spilomicrus {olim Ismarus) atropetiolatus Ashm. The Cinetus is also known from Virginia, all the rest are known only from our district. EKTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 345 469. Rhodites tuberculator Riley, MS., Ckll., Swift Creek, abundant; see "West. Anier. Sci." April, 1888, p. 60. 470. Rhodites ignota O. S., West CliflT, abundant. E. to New Jersey region. Down to near Fort Collins (Gillette). 471. Rhodites polita Ashm., West Cliff, gall only observed. AKso recorded from California and Dakota (Ashinead). Hyra. Colo. p. 14. 472. Rhodites spinosellus Ckll., West Cliff, gall only observed; see "Entoni." March, 1890, p. 7.5; "Can. Ent." 1890, p. 39. Also high-alpine. 473. Rhodites globosus Ckll., West Cliff, gall only observed ; see "Entom." March, 1890, p. 75. For further information about the distribution of Rhodites in Colorado, see Gillette "Ent. News," 1892, p. 246. 474. Holcaspis g-lobulus Fitch. Galls on Quercus undulata. supposed to be this. The species H. globulus occurs in New York and Connecticut. 475. Dryophanta? sp., small pubescent galls on midrib of underside of leaf of Quercus undulata. UROCERID^. 476. Urocerus flavicornis Fab., Ula (E. L. B. Howard). Also high-alpine and sub-alpine. Packard records it from Labrador. 477. Urocerus areolatus Cr., Willow Creek, Cusack Eanch, Aug. 14. S. to N. M. TENTHREDINID^. XYELIN.4£. 478. Xyela minor Nort., West Cliff, May. N. to Canada. TENTHREDININ/E. 479. Labidia opimus Cr., near West Cliff. N. to Vancouver Island. 480. Monostegia obscurata Cr., West Cliff, May 25, on herbage by the creek, abundant; Colorado only (Cresson, 1887). ® 481. Monophadnus scelestus Cr., West Cliff, May 19, by sweeping Thermopsis ; and Aldrich Ranch, on SmUacina stellata, June 1. W. to Nevada. 182. Dineura pallida Ashm., Hym. Colo, p 15. 483. Dolerus similis Nort.. West Cliff, May 23 and 24; Aldrich Eanch, on low lierbs, June 1. N. to Canada. 484. Dolerus bicolor Beauv., West Cliff, May 25. N. to Canada. 485. " abdominalis Nort., near Swift Creek. N. to Canada. 486. " aprilis Nort., West Cliff, May 19 and May 22; Aldrich Eanch, on low herbs, June 1. N. to Canada. 487. Messa salicis Ashm. {^= salicum Ckll.), Freer Emch, bred from larvte on willow; see "Psyche" 1889, p. 284. Hym. Colo. p. 15. 488. Nematus concolor Nort., West Cliff ; see "Entom." 1890, p. 282. N. to Canada. 489. Nematus lateralis Nort., near Swift Creek. E. to Maine. 490. Euura salicis-ovum Walsh, West Cliff, galls common, but fly not reared. Throughout Mississippi Valley and east; following distribution of Salix cordata, to N. H. (Marlatt in Howard litt.). * (Cresson, 1887.) This citation, here and elsewhere in the paper, refers to Mr. E. T. Oesson's Catalogue of the Described Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (44) DECEMBER, 1893. 346 T. D. A. COCKKKELL. 491. Phymatocera sp.. West Cliff, May 19, by sweeping Thermopsis ; a black species. In the case of the Messa, it is difficult to say which name should be used. Only the larva was described as salicum, and when I published the notes in "Psyche" I supposed Mr. Ashniead would use the same name for the imago. A fuller description of the larva than that formerly given is appended.® CIMBICIN^. 492. Cimbex americana Leach, Short Creek, Cusack Eanch, larvje ; see "Can. Ent." 1890, p. 70. N. to Canada. BRACONID^. BR.\CONINyE. 493. Vipio coloradensis Ashm., two specimens taken, one now in U. S. Nat. Mus, and one in Brit. Mus. HECABOLIN^. 494. Csenophanes atrata Asbm., Cusack Ranch, Aug. 2. Hym. Colo. p. 16. 495. Lysitermus coloradensis Ashm. Also high-alpine. DORYCTIN^. 496. Doryctes sp.. West Cliff. HORMIIN.E. 497. Hormius americanus Ashm., Hym. Colo p. 16. RHOGADIN^. 498. Rhogas lectus Cr., near Swift Creek. E. to Illinois; see also "Insect Life" 1890, p. 351. 499. Rhogas intermedius Cr., near Swift Creek. N. to Canada. SIGALPHIN^. 500. Schizoprymnus flssilis Prov. (sub Chelonus), Cusack Eauch. Query recte Jissiis, a Canadian species. CHELONIN^. 501. Chelonus aculeatus Ashm., near West Cliff. Hym. Colo. p. 17. 502. " Isevifrons Cr., Colo, only (Cresson, 1887). 503. " sericeus Say, Willow Creek, Aug. 27. N. to Canada. MICROGASTERIN^. 504. Apanteles Iseviceps Ashm., Hym. Colo. p. 17. 505. " sp., cocoons found on Oxytropis lamherti. '^ Messa salicum. Larva: about 20 mm. long; head shiny, black with a dull olive face; body light bluish green, dorsal vessel appearing as a darker green line. Laterally, on each body-segment, except the first and last, is a chrome- yellow patch ; above each patch are three black spots (on some segments four), and below each patch four black spots, the upper anterior one being the largest. Anal plate blackish. Legs pale green, a blackish spot between most of the ab- dominal pairs. On willow, Freer's Ranch, June 12, 1888. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 347 506. Apanteles sp., cocoon-cluster on Potentilla fruticosa Brock Eanch, Willow Creek. 507. Apanteles congregatus Say, near Swift Creek. N. to Canada. 508. Microgaster g-elechise Riley. E. to Missouri. 509. Microplitis fuscipennis Ashm. MS.; see 10th Eep. Colo. Biol. Asso'u. Tliis has not been described, Mr. Howard informs me. 510. Microplitis ceratominse Riley. E. to Illinois. AGATHIDIN/E. 511. Ag-athis vulg'aris Cr. S. to Texas. METEORIN^. 512. Meteorus nigristigrnus Ashni. MS. 513. " angustipennis Asbm. MS.* West Cliff. 514. " robustus Prov. N. to Canada. 515. •' vulgaris Cr., West ClifiF. July 26, by sweeping ; Willow Creek, Aug. 27. N. to Canada. 516. Meteorus politus Prov., Cusack Eanch. Willow Creek, Aug. 2, etc., and near West Cliff. N. to Canada. 517. Meteorus gracilis Prov., West Cliff, by sweeping, July 25. N. to Canada. DIOSPILINiE. 518. Promachus n. sp., Ashm., near Swift Creek. M ACROCENTRIN^. 519. Macrocentrus montivagus Ashm. MS. ; see 10th Rept. Colo. Biol. Asso. 520. Zele melleus Cr., bet. West Cliff and Aldrich Eanch, June 1. S. to Tex. ALYSIINiE. 511. Pentapleura alticola Ashm., Hym. Colo. p. 18; see also 3d Eep. Colo. Biol. Asso. 522. Homophyla atrocoxalis Asbm., Cusack Eauch. Hym. Colo. p. 18. 523. Trachyusa americana Asbm. Hym. Colo. p. 18. ,'S24. Adelura ampla Ashm. Hym. Colo. p. 19. 525. " montana Ashm. Hym. Colo. p. 19. 526. Diaspasta n. sp., Ashm. West Cliff. 527. " montana Ashm. MS., near Swift Creek. 528. ■' u. sp., Asbm. 529. Idiasta americana Asbm. MS. * Meteorus angustipennis. Mr. Ashmead identified a number of species for me, the names of which are followed by his authority, but of which I can trace no published record. I enter these with some hesitation, crediting them to " Ashm. MS." I have written both to Mr. Ashmead and Mr. Howard to gain information about them. Mr. Howard writes that he cannot tell whether they are published, as Mr. Ashmead has published so many short descriptive papers. Mr. Ashmead does not remember about them, and has not time to look them up. The Hy- menoptera will be getting into a rather chaotic state, if authors cannot them- selves tell what they have described, It is time for a supplementary catalogue. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. DECEMBEK, 1893. 348 T. D. A. COCKKRELL. DACNUSIN^. 530. Coelinius nigripes Ashm. West Cliff, by sweeping, July 25. Hyni. Colo. p. 19. APHIDIINjE. 531. Praon coloradensis Ashm. Hym. Colo. p. 20. 532. " politus Aslmi. MS. 533. Lysiphlebus salicaphis Fitch, West Cliff, July 31. Also high-alpiue (as aalicaphidi.i Aslini.). E. to New York. .534. Lipolexis chenopodiaphidis Ashm., Smith's Park, Aug. 6. Also high- alpiiie. ■535. Lioplexis atriventris Ashm. MS., Smith's Park, Aug. 6. Also high-alpine. ICHNEUMONIDiE. ICHNEUMONIN^. 536. Ichneumon corvinus Cr., Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch. N. to Canada. 537. " Isetus BrulL, bet. Micawber Mine and Smith's Park, Aug. 8. N. to Canada. 538. Ichneumon subfulvus Cr., Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, Aug. 21. Colo. only (Cresson, 1887). 539. Ichneumon vultus Cr., Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, August. Colo, only (Cre-sson, 1887). 540. Ichneumon longulus, Cr., between West Cliff and Aldrich, June 1. N- to Canada. 541. Nematomicrus coloradensis Ashm., Proc. U. S. N. M., xii, 395. 542. Phseogenes montivagus Ashm., Proc. U.S. N. M., xii, 394. CRYPTIN^. 543. Phygadeuon ater Ashm. Hym. Colo. p. 20. 544. " laticinctus Ashm. Hym. Colo. p. 21. ,545. " montanus Cr., West Cliff, by sweeping, July 2G. Colo, only (Cresson, 1887). 546. Cryptus persimilis Cr., near Swift Creek. N. to Canada. 547. " americanus Cr., near Swift Creek. N. to Canada. 548. " luctuosus Cr., West Cliff, June 6. Colo, only (Cresson, 1887). 549. " pumilus Cr., West Cliff, May 19. E. to Delaware. 550. Nematopodius orbitalis Ashm., near Swift Creek. Hym. Colo. p. 21. 551. Ischnocerus montanus Ashm., Proc. U. S. N. M. xii, 419. 552. " incertus Ashm. MS. 553. Orthopelma coloradensis Ashm., Proc. U. S. N. M. xii, 418. 554. " americana Riley ; see "Insect Life" 1890, p. 154. 555. Hemiteles cincticornis Ashm., reared from Apanteles Ixviceps Ashm., Hym. Colo. p. 21. 556. Hemiteles alticola Ashm., Hym. Colo. p. 22. 557. " stig-matus Ashm., West Cliff. Hym. Colo. p. 21. 558. Pezolochus atratus Ashm., West Cliff. Hym. Colo. p. 22. 559. Caialytus americanus Ashm. MS. 560. Pezomachus pettitii Cr., amongst herbage near Grape Creek, West Cliff, October 6. N. to Canada. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 349 OPHIONIN^. 56L Ophion purg'atum Say, near Swift Creek. N. to Canada. 562. " bilineatum Say, Willow Creek, Cnsack Eanch. N. to Canada. 563. Nototrachys reticulatus Cr., near Swift Creek. Colo, only (Cress., '87). 564. Paniscus geminatus Say, between West Cliff and Aldrich Eanch, June 1 ; and Cnsack Eaneb, Aug. 3. N. to Canada. 565. Casinaria americana Ashm., Hym. Colo. p. 22. 566. Limneria macer Cr., West Cliff, May 25, Cusack Eanch, Aug. 2. Colo. only (Cresson, 1887). 567. Limneria montana Cr.. Willow Creek, Cusack Eanch, Aug. 22. Also high-alpine. Colo, only (Cresson, 1887). 568. Limneria valens Cr., Ula, July 30. Colo, only (Cre.sson, 1887). .569. Mesochorus agilis Cr., West Cliff, July 27, by sweeping herbage. Colo, only (Cresson, 1887). 570. Banchus speciosus Cr., near Swift Creek. Named for me thus, but Mr. Howard suggests that probably B. spinosus was intended, as there does not seem to be any B. speciosus described by Cresson. TRY PHONING. 571. Orthocentrus trifasciatus Walsh, near Swift Creek. E. to Illinois. 572. Brassus tibialis Cr., near Swift Creek. N. to Canada. PIMPLIN^. 573. Ephialtes perlong-us Cr., near Swift Creek. E. to Massachusetts. 574. Pimpla sexcincta Ashm., Hym. Colo. p. 24. 575. " texana Cr. S. to Texas. 576. " pedalis Cr. (or tennicornis Cr. ?). West Cliff, July 27. N. to Canada. 577. " rubromaculata Ashm. MS., Ula, July 30. 578. Polysphincta burgessii Cr. N. to Canada. 579. Glypta varipes Cr., var. with shorter ovipositor, Willow Creek. Cusack Eanch, Aug. 14. Colo, only (Cresson, 1887). 580. Arenetra ruflpes Cr., near Swift Creek. N. to Canada. 581. Phytodietus pleuralis Cr., Cusack Eanch. Colo, only (Cresson, 1887). 582. Euxorides americanus Cr., near Swift Creek. N. to Canada. 583. Odontomerus vicinus Cr. E. to Massachusetts. 584. Bcbthrus nubilipennis Cr. Colo, only (Cresson, 1887). 585. Meniscus sp.. West Cliff. 586. Lampronota pleuralis Cr. N. to Canada. 587. " ruflpes Cr. N. to Canada. 588. Thalessa lunator Fab., not observed by me, but Mr. E. L. B. Howard de- scribed to me an insect he had seen at Ula, which may have been this. N. to Canada; also in the sub-alpine zone. EVANIID^. 589. Gasteruption occidentale Cr., near Swift Creek. Colo, only (Cress., '87) CHALCIDID^. Finding that several of the genera found in Custer County did not appear to be known in North America outside of Colorado, I sent a list of such to Mr. L. O. Howard, who has kindly replied as follows : TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. DECEMBEK, 1893. 350 T. D. A. COCKKRELL. "The genera mentioned are all widespread, and by no means confined to the mid-alpine fauna. The study of the Chalcididse is, in fact, so little advanced that we are in no position for generalizations like those which you wish to make. I doubt, in fact, whether one-fiftieth of our species in this family have as yet been described !" (in lift. Jan. 12, 1893.) To this Mr. Howard adds statistics regarding the genera supposed to be only known from Colorado, and as the information embodied in these is new and valuable. I give it under the several subfamilies, although to use an Irish expression, it only proves that it doesn't prove any- thing. EUCHARIN^. 590. Stibula montana Ashm., West Cliflf. July 27, by sweeping herbage. As yet only known from Custer County, Colorado. There is a species of Stibula in Virginia, but the genus is otherwise South American. Hym. Colo. p. 24. EURYTOMIN^. 591. Eurytoma bigelovise Ashm., West ClitT, bred from galls of Trypeta bige- lovise. Hym. Colo. p. 25. 592. Eurytoma diastrophi Walsh, West CliflT, bred from galls of Ehodites ignota, Rkodites fiisiformans and R. bicolor. Also high-alpine. N. to Canada. 593. Eurytoma studiosa Say, West CliflT, bred from galls of Cecidomyia n. sp . near hordeoides. Walsh. N. to Canada. 594. Isosoma tiordei Harr., var. West CliflT, July 31 ; the variety with pale legs, % . N. to Canada. TORYMIN^. 595. Monodontomerus montivagus Ashm. Also in California, parasitic on bees (see "Insect Life" 1892, p. 141). Hym. Colo. p. 25. 596. Syntomaspis leucopus Ashm. MS., West CliflT. July 27, by sweeping herbage. 597. Syntomaspis lazulella Ashm. 598. " cupeipes Ashm., West CliflT, July 27, by sweeping herbage. .599. " monticola Ashm. MS. ; see " Ent. News" 1890, p. 79. 600. Torymus chrysochlora O. S., West CliflT, bred from Ehodites fusiformans gall. Also in the N. E. States. 601. Torymus rudbeckise Ashm., West CliflT, bred from an undetermined gall, supposed to be Cynipid. Hym. Colo. p. 26. 602. Torymus mag-niflcus O. S., West Cliff, bred from Ehodites bicolor galls. E. to Connecticut. 603. Torymus cyaneogaster Ashm. MS., Ula, July 30. 604. " sp., bred from galls on willow; see "Entom." 1890, p. 282. 605. " n. sp., Ckll., bred from gall of Cecidomyia alticola. 606. " sp.. West Cliff, May 19, by sweeping Thermopsis ; brilliant blue- green, with a long, straight ovipositor. TRIDYMIN^. 607. Tridymus cobaltinus Ashm. MS., West Cliff, by sweeping herbage, July 27 Mr. Howard writes, " we liave species of Tridymus from Richfield Springs, N. Y., the elevation of which I should estimate at 1000 feet, and from Washington, D. C, where, as you know, we are not over 200 feet above sea-level." ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 351 PTEROMALIN^. 608. Rhopalicus coloradensis Ashm. Hym. Colo. p. 27. 609. Dipara latipennis Ashm., near West Cliff. Hym. Colo. p. 26. 610. Eutelus sp., West Cliff, bred from galls of Cecidomyia s.-brassicoides ; see " Eutom." 1890, p. 282. 611. Eutelus flavipes Walk.?, West Cliff, bred from an undetermined gall on a species of Compositse. Hym. Colo. p. 27. E. flavipes was described from England. 612. Habrocytus rosse Ashm., West Cliff, July 26, by sweeping, and bred from galls of Rhodites fusiformans and R. ignota ; also captured at Cnsack Eanch, Aug. 2, and Smith's Park, Aug. 6. 613. Habrocytus obscuripes Ashm., West Cliff, bred from Rhodites hicolor galls. May ; also from galls of Rhodites ignota. Hym. Colo. p. 27. 614. Cecidostig-ma megastigma Ashm. MS., Smith's Park, Aug. 6. Presum- ably should be Cecidostiba. 615. Glyphe flavipes Ashm. MS., Hugg Ranch, Aug. 9 ; bright green with tri- angular abdomen. 616. Glypbe viridicyaneus Ashm. MS., Smith's Park, Aug. 6. 617. Stenomalus muscarum Walk., West Cliff, July 26, by sweeping, % . This species, Mr. Howard informs me, was described from England. 618. Amblymerus productus Ashm., Ula. July 30. 619. Meraporus monticola Ashm. MS., Cusack Ranch. Aug. 2 and 3; and near West Cliff. 620. Platytermus citripes Ashm. MS., West Cliff, July 27, by sweeping herbage- H. rossR has been bred from a gall collected in British Columbia; see '• Can. Ent." 1890, p. 56. Mr. Howard writes : " Of Rhopalicus we have one species from eastern Tennessee at a point the elevation of which is about 1500 feet ; of Habrocytus we have two species from Washington, D. C, one from Los Angeles, Cala. (elevation 500 feet), one from Virginia (elevation about 500 feet) ; of Platytermus we have one species from Albany, N Y. (elevation 500 feet), one from Alameda, (Jala, (elevation about 100 feet), and one from Nevada County, California (elevation about 3000 feet) ; of Amblymerus we have one species from Virginia ; of Stenomalus we have one from District of Columbia, one from Agricultural Col- lege, Michigan (elevation 500 feet), one from Virginia, and one from Alameda, Cala.; of Cecidostiba we have one from Pine Canon, Cali- fornia (elevation not known) ; of Meraporus we have one species from the District of Columbia, one from Virginia, one from Athens, Ga. (elevation 500 feet), one from Los Angeles, Cala., one from Agricultural College, Michigan, one from eastern Tennessee (elevation 1500 feet), and one from San Bernardino County, California (probably about 1500 feet to 2000 feet)." ENCYRTIN^. 621. Homalotylus bifasciatus Ashm., taken in August. Hym. Colo. p. 28. 622. Encyrtus sulcatus Ashm. MS., West Cliff, July 27, by sweeping herbage. 623. " subauratus Ashm. MS., West Cliff, July 27, by sweeping her- bage. 624. Encyrtus subopacus Ashm. MS., West Cliff, July 27, by sweeping herbage. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. DECEMBER, 1893. 352 T. D. A. COCKKRELL. TETRASTICH IN^. 625. Tetrastichus rosse Ashm., West Cliff, bred from galls of Rhodites bicolor. S. E. to Florida. f)26. Tetrastichus sp., bred gall of Cecidomyia s. -batatas. L.EFIDOPTERA. PAPILIONID^. PIERIN^E. 627. Neophasia menapia Feld., Beddoes' Old Ranch, Aug. 25; N. to Washing- ton, where it occurs at 1900 feet (Stretch), and Vancouver Island. 628. Pieris sisymbri Bdv., Cusack Ranch, May 12; see also 6th Rep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n. W. to California and S. to Arizona. 629. Pieris protodice B. and L., West Cliff, May 25; April 15; June 26, com- mon. N. to Canada. 630. Pieris oleracea Bdv., near Swift Creek, May 9. N. to Canada. 631. " " form hiemalis Harr. 632. Nathalis iole Bdv., near Swift Creek, June 17; two forms, aureomaculata aud Jlavoinaculata ; see 4th Rep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n. 633. Anthocharis ausonides Bdv., Rosita (Nash) ; near Cusack Ranch, June 19; at rest on Gilia, May 24; June 26. N. to Alaska. 634. Callidryas eubule L., Rosita (Nash). A southern species, with individ- uals straggling northward ; the genus has migratory tendencies. 635. Colias meadii Edw., Rosita (Nash). Really a high-alpine species. N. to Montana and S. to New Mexico. 636. Colias eurytheme Bdv. N. to Canada. (537. " " var. autumnalis Ckll., West Cliff, May 23, at flowers of Thermopsis. A specimen in Brit. Mus. 638. Colias eurytheme var. eriphyle Edw. 639. " " var. iniermerfirt Ckll., West Cliff, May 25; May 19. 640. " " var. keewaydin Edw. 641. " " form pallida Ckll., West Cliff, May 19, etc. ; see " West Amer. Sci." IWvember, 1887, p. 217. 642. Colias alexandra Edw., Cusack Ranch, Aug. 3; below Micawber Mine, Aug. 8 ; Beddoes' Old Ranch, Aug. 15; flying abundantly, June 20; Ju]y 9. N. to Canada. 643. Terias nicippe Cram., June 17, by Swift Creek. A southern species, but E. to Pennsylvania. Down to Pueblo County (Nash). A third species of Colias, C. scndderii Reak., was taken in the high-alpine zone, but not lower. Nathalis iole is a species of the plains, essentially southern, but going quite high in the Rocky Mountains, even up to the lower portion of the high-alpine zone. The Pierinse of our region show clearly a mingling of the boreal and southern faunae. PARNASIIN^.* 644. Parnassius smintheus Dbl. and Hew., near Cusack Ranch, June 19; Oak Hollow, June 26. The species goes N. to Canada.j » = Parnassiids:, Elwes, P. Z. S., 1886, p. 18. t Canada. Here and elsewhere in the paper, used in the wide sense, as in- cluding "British America." EXTOMOl.OGY OF COLORADO. 353 PAPILIONIN^. 645. Papilio rutulus Bdv. N. to British Columbia. 646. " asterias Fab. U. S. generally, and in Canada. 647. " zolicaon Bdv., Rosita (Nasli). A Californian type; see "Papilio," 1883, p. 54, et seq. N. to Montana, S. to Arizona. 648. Papilio philenor L., Eosita (Nash). U. S. generally, and Canada. Arizona (W. H. Edw., "Papilio" 1882, p. 28). P. rutulus and asterias were common, but I never myself saw zolicaon or philenor. P. zolicaon is an alpine insect, having been taken by the late Mr. Foster in the high-alpine at Marshall Pass. P. philenor, on the other liand, seems to be sub-alpine or hardly alpine; Mr. Nash took it also at Pueblo. 'P. nitidus has a wide range in altitude, going into the high-alpine; and down to Trinidad (Colo.), where it was found by Mr. Nash, and Denver (H. G. Smith, Jr.). NYMFHALID^. EUPLCEIN^. 649. Danais plexippus L., June 18; May 14; April 24 (E. Cusack); July 19, at flowers of Oxyfropis lamberti and Trifolium pratense ; July 20, at flowers ot Gilia. 650. Danais berenice Cram., Eosita (Nash) ; near Uhiy June 26. D. plexippus goes N. to Canada, and S. into the neotropical region. D. berenice extends southward. NYMPHALIN^. 651. Agraulis vanillse L., Eosita (Nash). It was in 1880 that Mr. Nash took this and C. eubnle, both southern species, at Eosita. 652. Euptoieta Claudia Cram. Also sub-alpine. Properly a southern species, lint E. to New York, and has occurred in Canada. 653. Arg-ynnis cipris Edw. N. to Montana, S. to Arizona. 654. " royrina Cram., near Taylor Creek, June 9 (Nash). N. to Alaska I took some other Argynnids, but they were sent to Mr. Elwes, who did not identify them for me. 655. Melitsea minuta Edw., near Wolff"'s Cabin: June 26. S. to Arizona and New Mexico. 656. Melitsea nubigena Behr., Eosita (Nash). N. to Montana, W. to California. S. to New Mexico. 657. Phyciodes nycteis Dbl. N. to Canada. 658. " tharos Drury, Eosita (Nash). N. to (Canada. 659. " camillus Edw. Has a wide range in altitude, high-alpine to sub-alpine. N. to Montana, E. to Kansas. 660. Phyciodes vesta Edw., Eosita (Nash). S. to Texas. Also taken by Mr. Nash at Pueblo. 661. Grapta zephyrus Edw., Eosita (Nash), Swift Creek. N. to Montana, S. to Arizona, W. to California. 662. Vanessa antiopa L., West Clifl', May 19; April 14; April 1; March 29; near Swift Creek, June 17. Also European. 663. Vanessa milbertii Godt.. May 8; April 14; April 13. N. to Canada. 664. " " var. sabpallida Ckll., West ells', May 19; see also " Entom." July, 1889, p. 185. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (45) DECEMBEK, 1893. 354 T. D. A. COCKKKELL. 665. Vanessa californica Bdv., Rosita (Nash), Also in Oregon, Nev. and Cal. 666. Pyrameis atalanta L.. Beddoes' Old Ranch, Ang. 9; near West Cliff. April 28; Swift Creek, May 13. Also European. 667. Pyrameis huntera Fab., becoming common on June 27. " North America generally" (W. H. Edwards). 668. Pyrameis cardui L., West Cliff, May 23; May 19; April 28, very abun- dant; April 23; at flowers of Mertensia, May 16. 669. Pyrameis cardui form minor Ckll., near Conway Ranch, June 26. 670. Junonia coenia Hbn., Rosita (Nash). A southern type, but has been taken in Maine and Ontario. 671. Limenitis -weidemeyerii Edw., Beddoes' Old Ranch, June 26. Extends up to timber line, and down to the sub-alpine. N. to Montana, S. to Arizona. Mr. Nash informed me that he took Argynnis helena Edw., A. electa Edw., A. Jiesperis Edw. and A. eurynome Edw., at Music Pass. This is in Custer County. SATYRIN^. 672. Coenonympha ochracea Edw., near Taylor Creek, June 9 (Nash) ; near Oak Hollow, June 26. N. to Canada, S. to Arizona. 673. Hipparchia riding-sii Reak., abundant. June 26. N. to Montana. 674. Satyrus charon Edw., Rosita (Nash) ; I also met with the species. N. to Canada. 675. Chionobas chryxus Westw. and Hew., Rosita (Nash). Goes up to timber line, where it is chiefly found. N. to Canada. 676. Chionobas uhleri Reak., Rosita (Nash) ; near Swift Creek. N. to Mont. Erehia epipsodea Butl. was taken by Mr. Nash at Music Pass. LYC^NID^. LEMONIIN^. 677. Liemonias cythera Edw., Rosita (Nash). Mr. Nash also found it at Music Pass. S. to Arizona. Another species of the genus, L. nais Edw., occurs in Colorado, and was found by Mr. Nash in Hardscrabble Canon. LYC^NIN^. 678. Thecla augustus Kirby, Willow Creek. N. to Canada. 679_ " behrii Edw., Rosita (Nash). W. to California. 680. " eryphon Bdv., Rosita (Nash). W. to California. ggX. " dumetorum Bdv., Rosita (Nash). Also in Oregon and Nevada. 682. Chrysophanus thoe B. and L., Rosita (Nash) ; West Cliff, July 26. N. to Canada. 683. Cbrysophanus helloides Bdv. Also high-alpine, frequent. N. to Mon- tana, W. to California. Rosita and Music Pass (Nash). 684. Chrysopbanus sirius Edw., Rosita (Nash). N. to Canada, S. to Arizona. 685. Lycsena lycea Edw., Rosita (Nash); near Swift Creek. N. to Montana, S. to Arizona. 686. LycEena ssepiolus Bdv., Rosita (Nash); I took it both in the mid-alpine and higb-alpine zones. N. to Canada. 687. Lycsena oro Scudd., West Cliff, May 23. Also high-alpine; also in New Mexico and California. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 355 688. Lycsena rustica Edw., Rosita (Nash). I took it in Saguac.be aud Summit Couuties. N. to Canada. 689. Lycsena battoides Behr.. near Swift Creek. Also in California and Nev. 690. " melissa Edw., Kosita (Nasli) ; near Swift Creek. F. to Montana, E. to Kansas, S. to Arizona. 69L Lycsena sag-ittig-era Feld.. Rosita (Nasli). Also in Nevada and Cala. 692. " acmon Dl)l. and Hew., West Cliff, May 25, on dry bench above creek ; also high-alpine. N. to Washington. 693. Lycsena pseudarg-iolus var. violacea Edw. N. to Alaska. 694. ■■ comyntas Gdt., Rosita (Nash). Also in Atlantic States. HESPERID^. 69J5. Thymelicus garita Reak., Rosita (Nash). N. to Canada. 696. Pamphila uncas Edw., West Cliff, May 2.5, on the dry bench above creek, abundant at flowers of Senecio and Erysimum. N. to Canada. 697. Pamphila Colorado Scudd., Rosita (Nash). N. to Washington. 698. " rhesus Edw., Rosita (Nash). S. to Arizona. 699. " draco Edw., Rosita (Nash). Colo, only (W. H. Edw., 1884). 700. Pyrgus tessellata Scudd.. Rosita (Nash). N. to Canada, also southward. 701. " csespitalis Bd v.. Willow (!reek. This species extends downwards, Mr. Nash having taken it at Pueblo. N. W. to Oregon, W. to Cala. 702. Nisoniades juvenalis Fab. Widely distributed, Quebec, Fla., Ariz., etc. 703. " brizo B. and L., Rosita (Na.sh). N. to Canada. 704. " pacuvius Lintu., Rosita (Nash). S. to N. Mex. and Arizona. 704(1. " icelus Lintner. 7046. " persius Scudder. SPHINGID^. CH.EROCAMPIN.E. 70.5. Deilephila lineata Fb., Splaun Ranch, May 18, and common generally. A species of extremely wide distribution, both in altitude and latitude. It is also neotropical. SMERINTHIN.E. 706. Smerinthus cerisyi var. astarte Streck. This species is boreal. I only took one imago, but the larva was not uncommon. The late Mr. W. S. Foster informed me that he found Paonias myops at Salida, in the lower mid-alpine of Chaffee County. In "Entom. News," 1891, pp. 190-192, Mr. D. Bruce has a most interesting list of the Sphingidse of Colorado ; would that he more often gave us the benefit of his great knowledge of western Lepidoptera aud their habits! There is. however, one thing in the article referred to that I wish to complain of: Triptogon occidentalis and Paonias myops are said to be "common throughout the State," and there are similar state- ments regarding several other species. In respect to D. Hnenta, the remark "abundant everywhere," may be allowed to pass; but do T. occidentalis or P. myops go above the sub-alpine and lower mid-alpine zones respectively? I very much doubt it, especially in the case of the former, although, of course, I would at once cease to question if Mr. Bruce gave definite facts to the contrary. Should it not rather TRANS. AM. ENT. SCO. XX. DECEMBER, 1893 356 T. D. A. COCKKKELL. have been said "Comtnon throughout the State at snUahle elevations?" Mr. Bruce is by no means specially to blame in regard to looseness of statement; many of our best writers, now and in the past, have been content to jump at conclusions, and assert that insects inhabited "the whole Rocky Mountain region," or "the whole United States," with- out anything like the amount of information to justify such state- ments. Owing to this prevalent looseness of statement, accuracy about localities has not been valued, and the science of geographical distribution has suffered greatly. SESIID^. 707. Sesia n. sp., CklL; see "Entom." 1891, p. 229 (foot-note). 70S. Sesia aff., sp., with orange wings and strongly pectinated antennse; near Ula. 708a. Sesia sp., near hylotomiformis Walk., but bauds on abdomen silvery. 7086. Sesia n. sp. aff. pyramidalis Walk. 708c. Euhyparpax rosea Beut. Described from a West Cliff specimen in Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., February, 1893, p. 19. lOSd. Pyrrhotsenia coloradensis Beut. Described from a Wet Mountain Val- ley specimen in Bull. Anier. Mus. Nat. Hist., February, 1893, p. 25. PERICOPID-S]. 709. Gnoplisela vermiculata Grt. and Rob., abundant; moth bred July 4, and June 28. Also high-alpine. LITHOSIID^. 710. Lithosia cephalica Grt. and Rob., Cusack Ranch, Willow Creek, August. ARCTIID^. 711. Euprepia (Platarctia) hyperborea Curt., Short Creek, Cusack Ranch. 712. Arctia blakei Or. 713. " flgurata Drury. One specimen, referred by the late Mr. Hy. Ed- wards to A. f. -pallida Streck. 714. Arctia dieckii Neum.? Cusack Ranch, August (M. E. Cusack); perhaps not distinct from the last. 715. Leptarctia californise Walk., near Swift Creek, named for me by Mr. Hy. Edwards as L. lena Bdv, 716. Nemeophila petrosa Walk. 717. Halisiodota maculata Harr., the imago taken, and also bred from cocoon found on Round Mountain, Silver Cliff. SATURNIID^. 718. Attaeus gloveri Streck.; see 6th Rep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n, Rosita (Nash) ; near Ula. Also down to Canon City and Pueblo (Nash). 719. Pseudohazis eglanteria Bdv., Rosita (Nash). Also at Manitou (Packard). LASIOCAMPID^. 720. Clisiocampa californica* Pack. ; common about West Cliff, etc. ; abun- dant near San Francisco (Stretch). » Clisiocampa incurva Hy. Edw. I sent Mr. H. G. Dyar some specimens from Wet Mountain Valley which I fiad supposed to belong to californica, and he in- forms me that they are typical incurva. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLOUADO. S5'i 721. Clisiocampa sp. ; see 4th Eep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n. The larva of C. californica, when newly hatched, is about 2 mm. long, dnll black, with long pale hairs. AGARISTID-E. 722. Alypia lorquinii G. and R., Rosita (Nash). Also at Marshall Pass (Foster). At lower altitudes this species seems to be replaced by A. octomaculata, which Mr. Nash found at Pueblo, and Mrs. Cusack at Colorado Springs. COSSIDJE. 723. Hypopta bertholdi Grote, Cusack Ranch, frequent. Several specimens of a moderately large Cossid larva, red in color, with a curious caudal horn having an upward curve, were found near the Cusack Ranch on April 1, 1888. HEPIAlilD^. 724. Hepialus hyperboreus Moeschl. NOTODONTID-^ . 725. Cerura sp. I am sorry my list of the Borabycoid groups is so incomplete. The late Mr. W. S. Foster gave the following list of species which he had taken at Salida, in the lower mid-alpine of Chaffee County, about thirty-five miles northwest of Wet Mountain Valley,— yl«acMS gloveri, Gloveria arizonensis, Seirarctia clio, Halisidota trigona, H. argentata, H. amhigua, Ctenucha venosa. Cossus reticulatus, Arachiiis picta and Eiiprepia caia var. americana. Heniileuca maia var. nevadensis was taken by Mr. Nash in Huerfano County (which borders on Custer County to the south) and at Pueblo. Ecpantheria reducta (= permaculata), which has been recorded from the Platte Canon, was also found at Salida by Mr. Foster.* NOCTUID^. 726. Peridroma saucia Hbn. 727. Noctua clandestina Harris. 727n. Carneades satis Harv.? Sent to Mr. Hy. Edwards. 728. Cborizagrotis auxiliaris Grt. ; Cusack Ranch, June 18, abundant. Also high alpine. 729. Chorizagrotis introferens Grt. 729fl. Tarache angustipennis Grt.? Sent to Mr. Hy. Edwards. 730. HydrcBcia nictitans var. erythrosiigma Haw., Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch ; Short Creek, Aug. 22 ; also European. 731. Ufeus satyricus Grt., very common in houses. 732. Caradrina civica Grt., West Cliff, June 7. Described from a specimen taken in Colorado by Prof. Snow. * Dr. A. S. Packard, in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. May, 1893, pp. 81-82, 89, gives an account of the larvffi of two moths new to our list. These were found in the vicinity of West Cliff, and are identified as— (1) Ecpantheria permaadata (Pack.) (2) Ctenucha cressonana Grote 7 TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. DECEMBER, 1893. 358 T. D. A. COCKKRELL. 733. Calocampa cineritia Grt. E. to New Jersey. Maine (Mrs. Fernald). 734. Cucullia montanse Grt. N. to Montana. 735. Plusia g-amma subsp. californica Speyer, Willow Creek, Cusack Eanch ; near West Cliff, May 29. 736. Plusia ni subsp. brassicx Riley, frequently taken ; one bred from larva found Aug. 1 at West Cliff; was darker and more suffused than usual, reniform spot rounder below, and separated from orbicular. 737. Plusia u-brevis Brit. Mus. Cusack Ranch, Aug. 1 (M. E. (Jnsack). 738. Antaplaga dimidiata Grt. Originally described from a specimen taken by Prof. Snow in Colorado. 739. Copablepharon subflavidens Grt., West Cliff, July 25. The specimen is now in Brit. Mus. 740. Heliothis armig-er Hbu. Also European and in the tropics; cosmopolitan. 741. " " var. umbrosa Grt. 741a. Anomis erosa Hbn. ? Sent to Mr. Hy. Edwards. 742. Pseudanthoecia tumida Grt. 743. Drasteria erechtea Cram. E. to New Jersey, etc., widely distributed. 744. Catocala mariana Hy. Edw., Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, Aug. 26. 74.5. " briseis var. grotiana Bailey, Short Creek, Cusack Ranch, Aug. 30. C. briseis occurs in New Jersey. 746. Erebus odora L., var. at light. West Cliff, July 30 (Mrs. Charlton). This specimen has a strong white belt on both wings; whiter and better developed than in any of the Jamaican examples I have seen. Mr. Grote wrote in "Can. Ent." 1887, p. 220, ''Erebus odora may breed in So. Colorado." 747. Homopyralis discalis Grt. 748. Bleptina caradrinalis Gn., var. The species is in the N. J. list. Peridroma saucia is quoted by Prof. Smith from North and SouthAmerica, Europe and Asia — a sufficiently wide distribution ! Noctua clandestina is boreal and widely diffused in N, Amer., where it appears to repre- sent the European Agrotis obsura (= ravida). The two species are so much alike that Mr. Tutt ("British Noctuse," vol. i\), judging from superficial appearances, does not separate them ; but according to Speyer and Smith, there are good structural characters in the male, making it impossible to rank the two forms as specifically identical. Chor. auxUiaris and C. introferens both extend to Texas and California, So, of four species of Agrotis sens, lat., one is boreal and circumpolar, one is boreal American, and two are western. GBOMETRID^. ENNOMIN^. 749. ProchCBrodes catenulata Grt. 750. Tetracis sp. 751. Endropia madusaria Walk., Cusack Ranch (M. E. Cusack). E. to New Jersey (Smith). 752. Metrocampa margaritata var. perlala Gn., Cusack Ranch (M. E. Cusack) and elsewhere ; at light, July 5. The species is European. 753. Sicya macularia Harr. E. to New Jersey. 754. Lycbnosea belveolaria Hulst, Cusack Ranch, at light, Aug. 2. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 359 GEOMETRINyE. 755. Aplodes junctolinearia Graef, Cusack Eanch (M. E. Cusack). 756. Chlorosea bistriaria Pack., West Cliff, July 29, at rest on Senecio doug- lasii var. ; also at light. ACIDALIN^. 757. Ephyra plantagenaria Hulst. CABERIN^. 758. Deilinia variolaria Gn., June 26, etc. E. to New Jersey. 759. " erythremaria Gn. E. to New Jersey. 760. Semiothisa respersata Hulst, West Cliff, May 25. 761. Phasiane curvata Grt., Cusack Eanch (M. E. Cusack). 762. Marmopteryx formosata Streck., Cusack Ranch (M. E. Cusack), and elsewhere in that vicinity, not uncommon. 763. Thamnonoma flavicaria Pack., West Cliff, July 26, both sexes taken flying amongst Ribes aure.um. 764. Selidosema juturnaria Gn., bet. Wolff's Cabin and Smith's Park, Aug. 7. 765. Fidonia flmetaria G. and E. 766. Gorytodes trilinearia Pack., one taken, 1889. 767. Caripeta niveostriata Ilulst MS., Cusack Ranch (R. Cusack) ; wings red- brown, streaked with white. LARENTIN^E. 768. Lithostege virginata Graef., Cusack Eanch (M. E. Cusack). 769. Philereme californiata Pack., Cusack Ranch, Willow Creek, Aug. 19. 770. Petrophora testata L., Short Creek, Cusack Ranch, Aug. 21. 771. •' populata L., near Swift (^reek, frequent. 772. " prunata var. nubiJata Pack., Cusack Ranch (M. E. Cusack). 773. " montanata Bork., Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, August. 774. Glaucopteryx csesiata Bork., var. 775. Eupithecia implicata Walk. P.popiUataa,nd G. cxsiata are recorded by Packard from Labrador. These, with the other species of Petrophora, are probably circumpolar ; they afford an instance of variable species inhabiting a wide area, the va- rieties not giving rise to distir.ct new species, but rather to local races. Butler ("Papilio," 1881, p. 222) has expressed some doubt as to whether the American species called "casuite" is identical with that of Europe. PYBAUSTID^. 776. Nomopbila noctuella S. V., quite common; Cusack Ranch, August (M. E. Cusack) ; West Cliff, May 25 ; July also. Also European, etc. 777. Pyrausta insequalis Gn. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 778. " borealis Pack., West Cliff, July 31, and July 27, at light. Goes northeast to Labrador (Packard;. 779. Pyrausta augustalis Grt. 780. " signatalis Walk., West Cliff, July 31, at light. 781. " raagdalena Fern. ?, named for me as plumbofasciaUs, and there- fore I suppose is magdalena; see "Can. Eut." 1892, p. 122. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. DECEMBEK, 1893. 360 T. D. A. COCKKRELL. 782. Pyrausta mustelinalis Pack., Cusack Ranch (M. E. Cusack). 783. " fumoferalis Hulst, Cusack Rauch. 784. Loxostege chortalis Grt. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 785. " sp., larva injures alfalfa; see 1st Rep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n. 786. " sticticalis L„ West Cliff, July 31, at light; Cusack Ranch (M. E. Cusack). E. to New Jersey (Smith). 787. Lioxostege cerealis Zell., West Cliff, etc., abundant; May 23. E. to N. J. 788. Scoparia centuriella S. V., Cusack Rauch, Willow Creek, August. PHYCITID^. PHYClTINiE. 789. Dioryctria actualis Hulst, West Cliff, early in June ; named for me as actuella. 790. Megasis atrella Hulst, described from a specimen sent to Mr. Hy. Ed- wards, but now in Mr. Hulst's collection. Phycitidie N. A., p. 166. 791. Plodia interpunctella Hbn., West Cliff (introduced); larvje found at West Cliff in a box of crackers from Denver. E. to N. J. (Smith). PEORIIN^. 792. Bagonotia saganella Hulst, West Cliff, May 24, at light ; see Hulst, Phy- citidje of N. A., p. 205. 793. Altoona ardiferella Hulst, West Cliff, at light, July 31 ; this was only the second specimen known. CRAMBID.^. 794. Crambus innotatellus Walk., West Cliff, amongst herbage, July 26 and Aug. 1. 795. CramDus ruricolellus Zell., West Cliff, Aug. 1. 796. " caliginosellus Clem., West Cliff, at light, July 31. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 797. Crambus luteolellus var. ulse Ckll., the original specimen was sent to Prof. Fernald. It seems to me to be a distinct variety, but I judge only from a comparison of descriptions; see " Ent. Mo. Mag." May, 1888, p. 272. PTEROPHORID^ . 798. Platyptilia carduidactyla Riley, Cusack Ranch. 799. CEdematophorus griseus Walsm., Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, Aug. 25. 800. " inquinatus Zell. (= am?)rosias Murtf.), near West Cliff; the specimen now in Lord Walsingham's collection. 801. Leioptilus helianthi Wlsm., Short Creek, Cusack Riinch, Aug. 21. 802. " subochraceus Wlsm., Smith's Park, Aug. 7. 803. " sulphureodactylus Pack., a specimen found at Ula, July 30, is probably this. A .Platyptilia, not identified (the specimen is with Lord Walsingham), was bred from larva on Castilleia pallida var. acuminata at West Cliff. ORNBODID-S. 804. Orneodes hexadactyla L., West Cliff, etc., common ; Cusack Ranch, Aug. 2; West Cliff, July 31 ; abundant, April 3. Also European ; see " Ent. Mo. Mag." 1889, p. 213. EKTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 361 TORTRICID^. 805. Ptycholoma persicana Fitch. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 806. Sericoris vetulana Wlsni., Cusack Kanch, Aug. 2. 807. Pffidisca ridingsana Rob., West Cliff, July 29. 808. •■ fernaldana Grt., Cusack Ranch, Aug. 2. 809. " culminana Wism., Cusack Ranch, Willow Creek. 810. Semasia olivaceana Riley, Cusack Rauch, Willow Creek. , 811. " tarandana Moeschl., West Cliff, May 24. 812. Carpocapsa pomonella L., West Cliff (in imported apples). A European species. Not really belonging to the fauna of our district. PLUTBLLID^. 813. Plutella cruciferarum Zell., West Cliff, May 25, locally abundant; also European. GBLECHIID^. 814. Psecadia semilugens Zell. 815. Walshia amorphseella Clem., Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, August. 816. Gelechia gallse-solidaginis Riley, galls only found. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 817. Depressaria sp., at light, April 12. I may have taken more than one spe- cies of this genus. One specimen was referred with doubt to D. hila- rella Zell. LAVERNID^. 818. Laverna deflnitella Zell., Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, August. LITHOCOLLETID-^. 819. Lithocolletis sp., on Populus tremuloides. 820. " sp., on Salix. COLEOPHORID^. 821. Coleophora sp., larv^ in cases on Bigelovia, West Cliff. HETEROPTERA. Of 43 species identified, 28 are boreal or widely distributed, 13 are western, and 2 southern. SCUTELLERID^. 822. Homeemus bijugis Uhler, on timothy grass, % and 9. Cusack Ranch, Willow Creek, Aug. 21. 823. Eurygaster alternatus Say. Northeast to Muskoka Lake District, Can. (Van Duzee) ; also in Summit County. CORIMEL^NID^. 824. Corimelsena nitiduloides Wolff. East to New Jersey (Smith), PENTATOMID^. ASOPIN^. 825. Perillus confluens H.-Sch. Ubier gives " S. W. States." TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (46) DECEMBER, 1893. 362 T. D. A. COCKKRELL. 826. Perillvis exaptus Say, Ula, Nov. 12. E. to New Jersey region* (Smith). PENTATOMINyE. 827. Buchistus variolarius Pal. Beanv., West Cliff, May 23, by sweeping Thennopsis. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 828. Hymenarcys sequalis Say, near West Cliff, July ,30. E. to New Jersey region (Smith). COREIDuE. ALYDIN^. 829. Alydus eurinus Say, Ula, July 30. Also high-alpine; hut in Mesa County at about 7000 feet. Northeast to Muskoka Lake District, Canada (Van Duzee). RHOPALIN^. 830. Harmostes refiexulus Slab, near West Cliff, end of July. Uhler writes •' Western States." 831. Corizus hyalinus Fb., Ula, July 30. Also high-alpine. "Western States" (Uhler, Check-List, 1886). LYG^ID^. NYSIIN.^. 832. Nysius sp., Ula, July 30. CYIVIIN.E. 833. Cymus luridus Stab, near West Cliff, end of July. N. E. to Muskoka Lake District (Van Duzee). GEOCORINiE. 834. Geocoris decoratus Uhb, Ula, Nov. 12. "Western States" (Uhler, Check -List). MYODOCHIN^. 835. Pamera fallax Say. Not in Uhler's Check-List. 836. Bmblethis arenarius L. E. to New Jersey region (Smith). 837. Peritrechvis fraternuti Uhb, Ula, Nov. 12. E. to N. J. region (Smith). 838. Eremocoris ferus Say. E. to New Jersey region (Smith). LYG^IN^. 839. Melanocoryphus facetus Say. Also in Chaffee County. "Southern States" (Uhler). 810. Melanocoryphus admirabilis Uhb. Ula, Nov. 12. "Western States" (Uhler). 841. Lygseus kalmii Stab E. to New Jersey region (Smith). 842. " reclivatus Say, Ula, Nov. 12. "Western States" (Uhler). Also at Fort Collins (Eiley and Blount). L. turcicus Fab., occurs at the lower end of Wet Mountain Valley, just in Fremont County. ® Prof. Smith includes in his New Jersey Catalogue (1890; many species which " may reasonably be expected to be found," but have not act'.ially occurred in the State. This method is rather confusing, and likely to lead to errors of citation, but for present purposes it is enough to cite as above. EKTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 363 CAPSID.E. mining:. 843. Miris afflnis Reut.. Ula. July 30. N. E. to Muskoka Lake District (Van Duzee). LOPARIIN^. 844. Lopidea media Say, on GJyci/rrhisn lepidota, etc., West Cliff, July 31. E. to New Jersey rejji on (Smith). Down to Pleasant Valley, Fremont County. 845. Hadronema militaris Uhl., Smith's Park, Aug. G. Also high-alpine. " Western State.s" (Uhler). PHYTOCORIN^. 846. Calocoris rapidus Say. N. E. to Muskoka Lake District (Van Duzee). 847. " superbus Uhl., West Cliff, July 31. " Western States" (Uhler) 848. " sp. prohably var. of rapidus, West Cliff, May 23, by sweeping Thennojjsis. CAPSINyE. 849. Lygrus annexus Uhl. "Western States" (Uhler). 850. '• pratensis L., var. West Cliff, July 27. Also high-alpine ; and N. E. to Muskoka Lake District (Van Duzee). 851. Lygus pratensis var. UveoJaris (Pal. Beauv.). 852. Poeciloscytus unifasciatus Fab., Smith's Park, Aug. 6, Muskoka Lake District (Van Duzee). 8.53. Poeciloscytus sp., West Cliff, July 27. 854. Capsus brachycorus Uhl., near West (-iiff, end of July. "Western States" (Uhler). Lygus diffusus Uhl., is high-alpine in Custer County. CALLECORIN.«. 855. Sthenarops chloris Uhl., West Cliff, by sweeping herbage, July 25. E. to New Jersey region (Smith). 856. Stiphrosoma stygica Say, West Cliff, July 27; Ula, July 30. N. E. to Muskoka Lake District (Van Duzee). PLAGIOGNATHIN/E. 857. Plag-iog-nathus obscurus Uhl., West Cliff, July 27. N. E. to Muskoka Lake District (Van Duzee). ACANTHIID^. ANTHOCORIN.^. 858. Anthocoris musculus Say. N. E. to Muskoka Lake District (Van Duzee). 859. " melanocerus Reut., West Cliff, May 22. Als'.i liigh-alpine, Uhler (Check-List) gives only Colorado. I also found it at the mouth of Slate Creek, Summit County, amongst willows, on Aug. 27. CIMICIN^. 860. Cimex lectularius L., West Cliff, too frequent. TINGITID^. PIESMIN^. 861. Piesma cinerea Say, West Cliff, July 27. E. to New Jersey regiou(Smith). TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. DECEMBER. 1893. 364 T. D. A. COCKKKELL. TINGITIN^. 862. Corythuca ciliata Say. E. to New Jersey region (Smith). 863. " sp., body black, legs and antennae dark brown, elytra white, on CnicHS, in numbers. West Cliff, June 12 (?;= ciliata Say). ARADID^. 864. Aradus sp. The species from our district was not identified. In Delta County I found A. tuberculatus Kirby, and in Summit County A. rectus Say. NABID^. CORISCIN^. 865. Coriscus inscriptus Kirby, West Cliff, July 27. Also sub-alpine ; also in Chaffee, Gunnison and Pueblo Counties. 866. Coriscus ferus L., Ula, Nov. 12, West Cliff. Both these species arc recorded by Mr. Van Duzee ("Can. Ent." 1889, p. 5) from the Muskoka Lake District, Canada. REDUVID-^. AC A NTH ASPIDIN^. 867. Conorhinus sp. The genus is southern and neotropical. HYDROS ATID^ . 868. Limnotreclius marginatus Say, common on Grape Creek, West Cliff, May 25. N. E. to Muskoka Lake District (Van Duzee). VELIID^. 869. Hebrus sobrinus Uhl., Ula, Nov. 12, a specimen doubtfully referred to this. "Western States" (Uhler;. SALDID^. 870. Salda interstitialis Say, Ula, Nov. 12. N. E. to Muskoka Lake District (Van Duzee). 871. Salda humilis Say, West Cliff, July 31: E. to New Jersey region (Smith). HOMOPTERA. CICADID.^. 872. Cicada sp., on Populus tremuloides. MEMBRACID^. SMILIIN.E. 873. Publilia modesta Uhl., on Gymnolomia multiflora, Cusack Eancb. 874. Stictocephala sp. CECROPID^. GLYPONIN^. 875. Xeroptiloea peltata Uhl. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 365 TETTIGONIN^. 876. Proconia costalis Fab., Ula, Nov. 12; West Cliff, March 31. Also sub- alpine; and E. to New Jersey region (Smith). 877. Tettigonia limbata Say. 877a. Diedrocephala moUipes Say. BYTHOSCOPIDiE. 878. Bythoscopus clitellarius Say. g79_ " sp., near West Cliff. 88o". Idiocerus alternatus Fitch, West Cliff, July 31. Also high-alpine. Re- corded rather doubtfully by Mr. Van Duzee from the Muskoka Lake District, Canada. New Jersey region (Smith). 880ft. Pachyopsis leetus Uhler. PSYLLID^. APHALARIN^. 881. Apbalara harrisii, near West Cliff. ggo. " marginata Riley. APHIDID^. APHIDIN^. 883. Aphis brassicse L., on cabbage ; see 3d Rep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n. 884. Siphonophora sp., on Gymnolomia mnltijlora, Cusack Ranch. 885 Aphis (sens. Linn.) sp., dull bluish green, darkish on back, on Clematis doiiglassii, Beddoes' Old Ranch. 886. Aphis sp., bright scarlet, femora and tibifo pale brown, tarsi blackish, wings hyaline, on Riidbechia lacinintn, Beddoes' Old Rmch. 887. Aphis sp., dull gray or dark sepia brown, rather elongated, on Echinosper- mum floribundum, below the Micawber. 888 Aphis sp., gray, wings hyaline, veins not darkened, on Gentiana hetero- sepala, near Wolff's Cabin. 889. Aphis sp., rather large, yellowish green, very shiny, tarsi black or blackish, on Eriqeron glabellus var. mollis, near Smith's Park. 890. Aphis sp.. dark brown, younger ones dark gray with darker legs, on Arabis, near Smith's Park. 891. Aphis sp., green, femora partly black, on Arabis, above Smith's Park. 892. " sp., small, dark gray or black, crowded on underside of leaves of Salix, near West Cliff. 893. Aphis sp.. black, wings hyaline, young gray, on undersides of leaves of Cornus stolonifera. Willow Creek. 894. Aphis sp., dull brownish-vinous, head bluish gray, on underside of leaf of Lonicera involncrata. Willow Creek. 895. Aphis sp., smallish, oval, wings hyaline, slightly grayish, body dark lead gray, tibise and basal half of antenuaj very pale yellowish, in vast numbers on the leaves of Veratrum caUforniciun, Willow Creek. 896. Aphis (sens. Linn.) sp., dull scarlet, legs and antennae blackish, but basal half of femora pale yellowish; one that had just cast its skin had legs and antenna entirely pale yellowish, cast skin whitish, with dark legs and antennae; on involucre of Solidago, Willow Creek. TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. DECEMBER, 1893. 366 T. D. A. COCKKKELL. 897. Aphis sp., dark gray with pale legs and antennse; on EpiloMum avgiistifo- lium, Willow Creek. 898. Aphis sp.. large, pale whitish green, with a green dorsal line, legs long. tarsi black ; on Thermopsis, Willow Creek. 899. Aphis sp., head and thorax red-brown, abdomen dark purplish gray, on Cnicus ochrocentrus, Ula, July 30. 900. Aphis sp., dark gray, the young slightly brownisli, on Astragnlns, Ula, July 30. 901. Aphis sp., very dark brownish gray, on Custilleia integra var. gracilis. Cu- sack Eanch, Aug. 3. 902. Aphis sp., elongate-oval, black, on Populus tranuloides, September 13. COCCID^. LECANIINvE. 903. Orthezia occidentalis Dougl., found in nest of dark brown ant with large head and shiny abdomen. Specimens are in Brit. Mus. and U. S. Nat. Mus. ; see "Ent. Mo. Mag." Sept., 1891, p. 245. 904. Pulvinaria" n. sp., on Bigelovia at West Cliff. Specimens with Mr. Douglas. COCCINyE. 905. Coccus cactit L., "Ent. Mo. Mag." 1889, p. 382. No adults in condition for examination were found, but I think the species is correctly iden- tified. ■•■■" P. S., June, 1893. I have now received excellent specimens of the Pulvinarin, and am able to submit a description. Pulvinaridbigeloviseu.sp., 9 with ovisac 10 mm. long. Scale dark brown. Ovisac white, elongate, firm, obscurely grooved, parallel sided. Boiled in caustic soda, the scale turns the liquid pink. Antennse 8-jointed, joints 2 and 3 subequal and longest; 4 shorter than 3, but longer than 5 ; 5 and 8 subequal ; 6 and 7 subequal and shortest; 8 seems as if divided into two; 8 bears several rather short hairs ; 4 and 5 each with a short bristle ; 2 with two short bristles. Tarsus about three- fourths length of tibia. Femur stout, very little longer than tibia. Claw large, tarsal knobbed hairs and digitules of claw fairly stout, with distinct knobs. Tarsal knobbed hairs rather short, extending only as far as the digitules. Tibia with three bristles on innerside. Trochanter with one long hair. Anal plates pale brown, short, posterior external side a little longer than anterior external side. Anal ring with six stout bristles. Lower lip with two spines on each side, one subterminal, the other lateral, margin with a few small simple spines. Described from specimens found by Mr. Frank Cusack. at West Cliff. June 16. In size and general appearance this species reminds one of P. wrJiicola C'kll., which is found on Capsicum in Jamaica. t P. S., July 5 — What has been called Coccus cacti proves to consist of at least three species, and there is no reason to suppose that the true C cacti, as described by Signoret. occurs in the Rocky Mountain region. Di-. A. Duges has found a species at Guanajuato. Mex., which Lichtenstein, in 1884, referred to Acaxtho- eoccus tomentosus {= Coccus tomentosns Lam., considered by Signoret a synonym of cacti). Dr. Duges has kindly sent me specimens of this species, which is cer- tainly distinct from cacti. At Las Cruces, N. Mex., I have found a species con- generic with, but distinct from, A. tomentosus ; this I pi'opose to call A. confusus ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 367 906. Rhizococcus n. sp., under a rock, West cliff, April 23, 1890. Naked, py- riform, 2i mm. long, dull lilac, legs clear red-browu, antennae reddish brown. Caudal filaments short, but distinct. This must be new, but unfortunately the only specimen was accidentally lost, and no proper description can Ije drawn up. DIASPIN^. 907. Chionaspis salicis L., on willow at West Cliff. On lemons exposed for sale in the shops were found Mytilaspis citricola and Aspidiotus nerii, but these of course do not belong to the fauna. DIFTERA.* CECIDOMYID.^. 908. Cecidomyia rigidae O. S.. West Cliff; see " Entom." p. 1890, 278. 909. " salicis-batatas Walsh ; see ■' Entom." 1890, p. 279. 910. " salicis-brassicoides Walsh ; see " Entom." 1890, p. 280, 911. '• frater Ckll., "Entom." 1890, p. 280. Type in Brit. Mus. 912. " sallcis-nodulus Walsh ?; see "Entom." 1890, p. 75. 913. " salicis-hordeoides Walsh ? 914. " bigelovise Ckll., " Ent. Mo. Mag." 1889, July, p. 324 ; Aug. p. 363; "W. Am. Sci." 1889, p. 106; "Ent. Mo. Mag.'" 1890, p. 109. Specimens in Brit. Mus. 915. Cecidomyia alticola Ckll., " Entom." 1890, p. 281. Type now in Brit. Mus. 916. " albovittata Walsh? ; " Entom." 1890, p. 282. 917. " sp., galls on Geranium; imago unknown. 918. " ? sp., gall on Populus tremuloides. 919. Hormomyia salicum Ckll. A problematical species, the gall only being known. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, xvi-xvii. MYCBTOPHILID^. 920. Leja sp., near West Cliff. SIMULIID^. 921. Sitnulium sp., attacking horses, July 8 ; see 2d Eep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n. CULICID^. 922. Culex sp. CHIRONOMIDJE3. 923. Ceratopogon sp., figured in 13th Rep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n ; see also 2d Eep, n. sp. It differs from tomentosus in the secretion of the individuals being very abundant, so that they cannot easily be separated from one another, the white cottony matter from several being fused together; also in the more slender legs; and in the narrower and longer truncate spines or processes ; and apparently in the fewer joints of the antennae. The Wet Mountain Valley insect is in all probability identical with A. confusus. * Prof. C. H. T. Townsend has lately identified the following Diptera, collected by me in Wet Mountain Valley: Sarcophaga sp., 12 mm. long, f. Cleigastra sp. Schoenomyia sp. " Appears to belong to this authomyiid genus, but does not agree with the characters wholly, 8 mm. long and very bristly." Jurinia algens Wd. Onesia sp. ? % . Caricea sp. ? f . Cyrtoneura sp. 9 . TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. DECEMBEK, 1893. 368 T. D. A. COCKERELL. TIPULID^. 924. Tipula sp. TABANID-E. 925. Tabanus sp., near affinis. 926. " sp. 927. Chrysops sp., common and very troublesome; called "deer fly." LEPTID^. 928. Chrysopila sp., near West Cliff. ASILID^. 929. Cyrtopog-on? sp. 930. Stenopog-on sp., •' Can. Ent." 1889, p. 60. EMPID^. 931. Tachydromia sp., near West Cliff. DOLICHOPODID^. 932. Arg-yra ? sp., near West Cliff. SYRPHID.E. 933. Crioprora cyanog-aster Lw., West Cliff. E. to New Jersey (Smith). 934. Eristalis hirtus Lw., see 8th Rep. Colo. Biol. Asso'u. 935. Melanostoma ceerulescens Willist., see 8th Eep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n. 936. Microdon n. sp. Specimen in Brit. Museum. 937. Volucella sp. ; colored like Bombus rufocinctus. TACHINID-^. 938. Gonia exul Willist., West Cliff, May 16. 939. " frontosa var. atra Ckll., 10th Eep. Colo. Riol. Asso'n; "West Am. Sci." 1889, September, p. 106. 940. Dejeania vexatrix O. S., see 8th Eep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n. SARCOPHAGIDuE. 984.* Sarcophag-a sp. DEXIID^. 985. bexia sp. MUSCID-SJ. 941. Lucilia csesar L. 942. Musca domestica L. 943. " sp. ANTHOMYID^. 944. Anthomyia sp., near West Cliff. CORDYLURID^. 945. Scatophag'a sp. * This and some others whose numbers do not come in their proper order, were added since the list was made up. The same is the case with a few species whose numbers are followed by a letter. ENTOMOLOGY OF COLORADO. 369 MICBOPEZID^. 946. Calobata sp. Specimen seut to Dr. Eiley. TRYPETID^. *^947. Scriptotricha culta Wied., found ovipositing in thistle buds, July 9; see also 6th Rep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n. S. to Carolina and Texas. V^ 948. Trypeta big-elovise Ckll., West Cliff, common ; Dora ; Round Mountain. ^ 949. " " var. disrupta Ckll., with the type; see " Ent. Mo. Mag." 1890. 1./ 950. Trypeta? sp., a supposed Trypetid gall on Oxytropis lambertii, \m&go un- known. 1/ 95L Trypeta sp., aff. humilis Lw., near West Cliff. PIOPHILID-^. 9,52. Piophila sp., near West Cliff. PULICID^. 953. Pulex sciuri ?, on Tamias lateralis. 954. " serraticeps ? 955. " sp., on fowls; see 9th Rep. Colo. Biol. Asso'n. AKACHIVIDA. ARANE^. 956. Dictynidse : Dictyna sp. 957. Agalenidse : Agalena nseinaVf(i\c]i. 958-62. Theridiidse : Theridium sp. ; IJthyphanfes sp. ; Enryopis sp. ; Linyphia sp. ; Erigone sp. 963. Epeiridse : Epeira sp. 964. Tetragnathidse : Tetr-ignatha sp. 965 69. Thomisidse: Xysticus cimctator Thor.,* forms pallidns Ckll., and nigres- ceiis Ckll. (see "Ent. Mo. Mag." 1890, p. 191): Coriarachne .sp. ; 3Iisu- mena sp. ; Philodromus sp. 970-71. Lycosidse: Xj/cosa, two spp. ; Tarentnla sp. 972. Attidee ; gen. ? sp. ? a species with the dorsum of abdomen red. SOLPUG^. 973. A large species of this group is found by Swift Creek. OPILIONES. 974. Phalangium sp. 975. Opilio sp. 976. Phalangodes robustus (Pack.). Swift Creek, "Can. Ent." 1889, p. 140. * The two forms mentioned maybe described, more fully than in the place cited, as follows; (1) pnlUdus. Cephalothorax with a broad dorsal pale band (about li mm. broad) ; this band without any distinct markings; lateral bands of cephalothorax gray; abdomen obscurely marbled greenish and paler; legs pale; {2} nigrescens. Cephalothorax with the dorsal pale band not reaching its posterior end, but ending pos.teriorly in a point ; this band with markings nearly as in the type; lateral and posterior areas of cephalothorax black, with a little pale marbling above legs; abdomen obscurely marbled reddish brown and paler; legs darker. TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. (47) DECEMBER. 1893. 370 T. D. A. COCKERELL. PSEUDOSCOBPIONES. 977. gen.? sp. ? A dark brown species under rocks, Old Beddoes' Eanch. A different species was found at the Cusack Eanch. ACARI. 978. Ixodes sp. Ouly occasionally found. MYRIOPODA. 979. Parajulus venustus (Wood), see Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, p. 343. 980. Geophilus umbraticus McNeill., see Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, p. 346. 981. Lithobius kochi Stuxb. var. coloradensis v. nov., see Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, p. 348. Mr. Bollman gave a description of this form, which he at first thought to be a new species, but it differs little from true koehi, found at Sancelito, Cal. I give it a varietal name to indicate that there is a difference between the two forms, so widely separated geographically. ■ <«» ■ BIBLIOGRAPHY. Further information concerning the insects of the mid-alpine of Custer County, Colorado, may be obtained by reference to the following: "Entomologist," 1887, p. 237; 1888, pp. 298-305; 1889, pp. 128, 185, 188; 1890, pp. 19, 74-75. 172, 278-282, 388 ; 1891, p. 229. "Entomologist's Monthly Magazine," 1888, pp. 213, 232, 272, 67, 92, 93, 164: 1889, 186. 213, 255, 308, 324, 363, 382; 1890, p. 109, 191, 331, 324 ; 1891, pp. 245- 246. 190-191. "Canadian Entomologist," 1888. pp. 156, 176, 178. 200, 201; 1889, pp. 20, 60, 140, 220; 1890, pp. 56, 76; 1891, p. 61 ; 1892. p. 101; 1892, p. 297. "West American Scientist," 1887, p. 217; 1888, pp. 7, 41, 60; 1889. p. 47, 52, 103-106. "Insect Life," 1888, p. 58; 1889, pp. 231, 145; 1890, p. 154; 1891, pp. 148, 158; 1892, p. 268. " Proc. South London Entom. Soc." for 1887 [publ. 1888] p. 72. For 1888-89 [1891], pp. 41, 56, 62, 63. 126, 132, 138, 154. "Psyche," 1888, p. 120; 1889, p. 283; 1890, p. 348. "Colorado Biological Association" Reports 1-3 (1888), 4-13 (1889), published in Custer County Courant, also separately. " Entomologica Americana," 1889, pp. 33, .57. "Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.," 1888 [1889], p. 611 ; vol. xii (1890), pp. 394, 395, 418- 419; 1888, pp. 343, 346, 348. "Science Gossip," 1889, p. 242. " Entomological News," 1890, pp. 4, 31, 58, 79-80, 75, 65-68, 161. Teansactions Am. Ent. Soc, 1891, p. 31; 1890 (PhycitidjB), pp. 205, 166. "Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.," 1890, pp. xvi-xvii. W. H. Ashmead. On the Hymenoptera of Colorado (Bull, i, Colo. Biol. Asso'u) pp. 47, 1890. P. S. Dec. 22. — Photopsis east of Colorado. — The statement on p. 343, that no Photopsis is known east of Colorado, must be modified. In the Washburn Col- ledge Bulletin for 1886, p. 211, is a list of Hyraenopteia found in Barber County, Kansas, in which are included Photopsis tapajos Blake, aud P. unicolor Cress. INDEX. The names of new genera and of new species are followed by the name of the Author. PAGE Acanthidse 363 Acari "^^^ Acberdes 30 Acoloithus ^1 Acrididse 337 Acronyctodes 36 Adoneta 28 Adscitinfe 21 Aegialites l'*3 californicus 143 Fuchsii Horn 143 Amelia 23 ^nisis dispar 282 ^schna 222,248 clepsydra 248 constricta 249 juncea 248 verticalis 248 Agalissns ■ ^38 chamaropis Horn 138 Agapostemon bicolor J?o6 148 nigricornis 147 radiatus 147 texanus 147 tricolor 148 Agaristidse 20 Agelasa 60, 131 halensis 131 Alexicles 23 Alypia 21 Alypiodes 20 Ambulicinffi "3- Ampbiagrion 221, 235 saucium 235 32 Amphion Anatolmis 22 Anax ' ~^^ TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. PAGE Anax Junius 249 longipes 250 Anceryx 33 Andrector 60, 130 sexpunctatns 130 Andrena crattegi Rob 273 scutellaris i?o6 148 serotina Eob 148 Andrenidfe.. 339 Androloma 20 Androlyperus 60, 118 fulvus 119 Anisota ••• 34 Anomalagrion 221, 240 bastatum 240 Antarctia 23 Anthicidffi 334 Antbribidse 336 Anthomyidse 368 Antbrocerinse 21 Anthicblorinse 22 Apanthesis 25 Apatelodes 36 Aphididw 297, 365 Aphis cornifolife 299 euonymi 298 mali 299 Apidffi 337 Apoda 29 Arachnida 369 Arachnis 23 Aradidffi 364 Aranefe 369 Arctiidse 22 Arctiinffi 24 Arctonotus 34 Argia 220, 232 DECEMBER, 1893. INDEX. PAGE Argia apicalis 233 bipnuctulata 234 putrida 232 tibialis 233 violacea 233 Argyrauges 35 Argyrophyes 27 Ariauops Brendel 278 Artace 36 Artaxa 27 Asida angustula 142 couniveus 142 Asilidffi 368 Attacns 35 Augochlora austriiia Bob 147 labrosa 146 matilda ieo6 147 similis Eo6 146 Antomeris 35 Batrisus clypeonotus Brendel 280 sinuatifrons 5re7ideZ 280 Bees. Notes and descriptions. ..145, 273 BombycidjB 34 Borabyx 34 Bracbycepsis Fuchsii 283 Biaconidse 346 Biucbidae 333 Bryasis Belfragei 279 compar 279 cylindrartus Brendel 279 depressifrons Brendel 279 facilis 279 foveata Brendel 278 Wickhatui Brendel 280 Buprestidse 328 Bynhidaj 328 Byrsopidfe 335 Bytboscopidse 365 Calandridae 336 Calasymbolus 34 Calethermis 224,261 elisa 261 eponina 261 ornata 261 Callarctia 25 Callidulidfe 27 Callimorpba 24 Calliopsis compositarum Rob 274 solidaginis Rob 274 PAGE Callosamia 35 Calocasia 27 Calopteryx 220, 227 apicalis 228 dimidiata 228 niaculata 227 Calosatnrnia 35 Capsidge 363 Carabidse 323 Cararua 27 Castniidse 20 Cautethia 33 Cecidomyidfe 367 Ceranibycidffi , 331 Ceratocampida; 34 Ceratoma 33 Cercopidse 364 Cerotoma 60, 129 trifiircata 129 Ceitila 30 Cerura 30 Chalcididffi 349 Chalcosiidse 21 Chalia 28 Charidiiuse 22 Cbirouomidse — 367 Chlseuogramma 33 Choerocauipiufe 32 Chremylus. 39 uigriceps Ashm 39, 40 terminalis Ashm 39 Chiysididse 343 Chiysoiuelidse 331 Cicadidse 364 Ciciudelidae 322 Cingilia 27 Ciris 21 Cisthene 26 Citberonia 35 Clemeusia 27 Cleridse 329 Clisiocampa 36 Coccida? 366 Cocciuellidie 326 Cocytiidse 20 Codiosoma 24 Coleophoridse 361 Coleoptera 322 Coleopterous Studies 136 INDEX. PACK Coloradia 35 Corupsobriuni 23 Copidryas 21 ConUilegaster 222, 246 errans 246 maciilatus 246 Cordvluridfe 368 Coreidae 362 Corimelsenidse 361 Corylophidse 326 Cosciuia 26 Cosmetida' 149, 293 Cosmosonia 22 Cossula 36 Cothoi-ida 28 Crabroiiidse 340 Crambidia 26 Cressonia 34 Cryptophagidae 327 Cteuucha 23 Cteuuchinse 23 Cucujidae 327 Culicidae 367 Curculionidse 335 Cycnia 24 Cyllopodidse 27 CynibidfB 26 Cyuipidse 344 Cynorta 294 alholineata 294, 295 bimaculata Banks 150 oruata 150, 294, 295 Sayi 150, 294 Dacoderus 139 dominiceusis 139 Isevipeuuis Horn 139 striaticeps 139 Dabana 22 Daremma 32 Darapsa 32 Dasychiia 27 Dascyllidae 328 Dataua 31 Decarthrou marinum Brendel 278 scarificatum Brendel... 278 seriepuuc'tatiim Br en.. 278 Deidamia 32 Deilephila 32 Dermestida; 327 TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XX. PAGE Dexiidffi 368 Diabrotica 59, 89 atripennis 90, 95 balteata 90, 93 blandula 90, 96 connexa 90, 91 crestata 95 12-punctat:i 90, 92 filicornis Horn 90, 94 fossata 95 lemniscato 90, 95 longiconiis !X). 94 picticoruis Horn 90, 91 soror 90, 93 triciucta 90, 92 trivittata 91, 97 vincta 90, 96 virgifera 90, 94 vittata 91, 96 Didasys 22 Didymops 223,250 transversa "'^50 Dieneces 32 Dilopbouota 33 Dilulia 32 Diopliidse 27 Dioptis 27 Diplax 224,262 assimilata 263 corrupta 264 obtrusa 263 nibicuudula 262 semiciucta 263 vicina 264 Diploplectron Fox 38 Diptera 367 Dolba 33 Dolichopodidse 368 Drepauulidse 34 Droujogompbus 222, 245 spinosus 245 Dryocampa 34 Dupo 32 Dystaxia 137 Dystiscidse 324 Earias 26 Ecpautbcria 23 Ectypia 24 Edema 30 DECEMBEK, 1893. INDEX. PAGE Elateridfe 328 Ellema 33 EUida 31 EmpidiB 368 Empretia 28 Enallagma 221, 236 aspersum 237 civile 236 divagans 238 durum 236 exsiilans 238 Hageni 237 pollutum 239 stigruatuin 238 Endomychidae 326 Enerythva 24 Entomology of Colorado 305 Ephemeridge 336 Epiffischua 222, 246 I heros 222, 246 Epicordula 223, 251 priiiceps 251 Erotylidpe 327 Erruca 22 Erythromma 220, 234 ? conditnm 234 Estigmene 23 Eubaphe 26 Euchromiinse 22 Enclea 28 Eucteuucha 22 Eudule 26 Euedwardsia 21 Euhalisidota 23 Euleiico])l)peus 35 Eiilimacodes 28 Eulitliosia 27 Eunienidse 342 Eumicrus Caseyi Brendel 282 Euphauessa 27 Euplectus elongatus Brendel 281 rufipes 282 Euproserpinus 32 Eupseudosoma 23 Eusmeriuthus 34 Eustixia 26 Euthia 283 colon 283 impressa 283 PAGE Euthia longula 283 seitula 283 Euthiodes cristata ^reHdeZ 284 lata Brendel 284 seitula 284 Euthisanota 21 Evaniidffi 349 Everyx 32 Exedrium 33 Falcaria 34 Feuaria 21 Fonscolumbia 247 viuosa 247 Formicidse 343 Galeruca 60, 128 dorsata , 132 externa 128 fibnlata 132 janthini 132 Galerucini of Boreal America 57 Galerucella 59,73 americana 74 cavit-ollis 74, 76 carbo 81 decora 74, 80 Integra 74, 77 notata 74. 78 notulata 74, 78 uymphfepe 74, 79 puuctipennis 80 rufosanguinea 74, 77 sexvittata 74, 76 tuberculata 74, 80 xanthomelsena 74, 81 Gargantna 33 Gelechiidffi 361 Gloveria 36 Gluphisia 31 Glyptoscelimorpha Horn 137 marmorata Horn. 137 Gnopbffila 22 Gomphseschua 222, 247 antilope 247 furciilata 247 Gompbus 222, 242 abbreviatus 243 exilis 243 miuutus 244 nsevius 242 INDEX. PAGE Goniphiis parvulus 242 plagiatus 244 vastus 245 villosipes 244 Gyriuidae 324 Hagenius 221, 241 brevistylus 241 Halictiis arcuatus Rob 145 ccErulens Eob 146 lerouxii 146 parallelus 145 zouulus 145 Haliplidge 324 Halisidota 23 Halticidea iforn 59, 61 delata Horn 62, 63 modesta i/oDi 62 placida iforn 62 Halticini 57 Haploa 24 Harvest Spiders 285 Harrisina 21 Hatima 30 Hemaris 31 Henierobiidai 336 Heuileuca 35 HepialidiB 37 Hepialus 37 Heta>,rina 220, 228 americana 228 tricolor 229 Heterocampa 29 Heterogeuea 29 Heterogyiiidse 28 Heteropacha 36 Heteioptera 361 ilisteridee 327 Homoptera 364 Hormiina}. Synopsis of 39 Hormiopterus 39,43 aciculatus 43, 44 fasciatus ^s^TO 43 Hormius 39, 40 americauus 4.1 atriceps Ashm 41, 42 erythrogaster Ashm 41 pallidipes Ashm 41, 42 vulgaris Ashm 41, 43 Hvaloscotes 26 PAGE Hydrobatidfe 364 Hydrophilidse 325 Hyloicus 33 Hytueuoptera 337 Hypantria 23 Hyparpax — 30 Hypercompa 25 Hyphoraia 25 Hypoprepia 26 Hypopta 36 Hypsidfe 27 lauassa 30 Ichneumouidie 348 Iscbuura 221,239 Ramburii 240 verticalis 239 Krouea 29 liachuus strobi 301 Lacosoma 34 Lagoa 27 Lanipyridae 329 Lapara 33 Larridje 38, 341 Lasiocampidse 36 Lavernidse 361 Lebena 27 Lecauium, Notes on 49 sescula 54 assimile 53 begonise 52 depressum 55 distiugueudum 54 filicum 55 hemispboericum 55 hesperidum 49 longuiunj 50 niangiferse 49 olese 55 pyri 54 ribis 54 rosarum 54 tibiae 54 ulmi 54 Lepidoptera 352 Lepidoplera Heterocera 1 Lepisesia..... 32 Leptarctia 26 Leptiduj 368 Lestcs 220,229 INDEX. PAGE Lestes congener 229 disjuncta 231 eurina 229 forcipata 231 insequalis 232 rectaugularis 231 uncata 230 iiuguicnlata 230 vigilax 232 Leucorbinia 224, 262 intacta 262 Libellula 224, 255 auripennis 256 axillena 257 basalis 255 cyanea 256 exusta 258 incesta 257 plumbea 256 pulcbella 259 qiiadriniacnlata 2.58 seraifasciata 258 vibrans 257 Limacodidfe 28 Liobiinuni 287 bicolor 288, 290 ?calcar 288, 290 longipes aldriclii TFeef7..288, 289 vittatum minor Weed 288 Liparidfe 27 Lithacodes 29 LitbocoUetida? 361 Litbosiidfe 26 Litbosia 26 Litodoiita 29 Locustidai 336 Lophocampa 23 Lopbodonta 31 Lopbopteryx 31 Luperaltica 134 fiisciila 135 senilis 135, 1.36 Luperodes ,59, 107 atriceps Horn 110, 112 bivittatus 110 cyanellus 110, 116 laticeps Horn 110, 114 Lecontei 110, 115 luteicollis .110, 112 PAGE Luperodes meraca 110, 115 Morrisoni 110, 117 morulus 110, 117 smaragdinus 110, 116 spretus Horn 110, 117 texanus Horn 110, 113 tboracicus 110,112 torquatus 110, 115 tratisitus Horn 110, 113 varicornis 110, 111 varipes 110, 118 Wickhanii Horn 110, 114 Lycomorpha 21 LygpeidiE 362 iflacroglossiiiip 31 Macromia 223, 250 illinoensis 251 tseniolata 250 Malacbiidffi 329 Malacorbimis 60, 120 raaculatus 121 Malacosoma 60, 122 brevicorne 123 vittipenne Horn. ..122, 123 Manatba 28 Mandiicinfe 33 MantidsE 336 Marumba 34 Meeroseapba 144 arctica i/brH 144 clavicornis 144 Megatbymus 20 Melalopba 31 Melandryidie 334 Melanoxantbus floccnlosus 300 salicis ,300 salicti 300 Meloidse 334 Membracidie 364 Mesosojua 286 nigrum 286 Mesosomatinse 285 Mesothemis 22.5, 265 simplicicollis 265 Metacycia 60, 121 insolita 122 Metagarista 21 Micratbyria 224, 260 berenice 260 INDEX. PAGE MicropezidsE 369 Microschatia 140 Championi Horn 140 insequalis 140, 141 Diorata 140, 141 TpoWta. Horn 140, 141 punctata 140 robusta Horn 140, 142 sulcipeiiiiis 140, 142 Monocesta 59, 60 coryli 61 Mouoleuca 29 MoHoxia 59, 82 consputa 83, 85 debilis 83, 85 puncticollis 83 sordida 83, 86 Mordellidffi 334 Muscidffi 368 Mutillidffi 342 Mycetophilidse 367 Myriopoda 370 Myrmicidse 343 Nabidaj 364 Nadata 31 Nannothemis 224. 260 bella . 260 Nehalennia 220, 234 irene 234 posita 235 Nelpbe 23 Nerice 27 Neurocordulia 223, 2.52 obsoleta 252 Neuroptera 152a, 336 Nitidulidse 327 Nochelia 28 Nola 27 Noniada bisignata 274 Cressonii Eob 275 iiicerta 275 Integra Eob 275, 276 maculata 275 Sayi Eob 275, 276 Notodonta 3] Notodontidffi 29 Notolopbus 28 Nyctemeridae 27 Nycteola 27 (48 PAGE Nyssonidae 341 Ocbrostigma 31 Odonata 152a, 219, 336 CEdemasia 30 CEdonia 28 Oiketicus 28 Oomorpbus floridanus Horn 133 Opbiogompbus 221. 242 rupinsulensis 242 Opiliones 3G9 Oreta 34 Orodemnias 25 Orthopteia 336 Osmia conjiinctoides Eob 276 Otiorbynchidfe 335 Pacbydiplax 22.5, 265 longipeuuis 265 Pachylia 30 Packardia 29 Pagara 27 Pantala.... 223. 254 flavescens 254 hyraentea 254 Pantbea 31 Paonias 34 Papilionidfe 352 Parasa 28 Parasemia 24 Pareuchaetes 24 Parnidse 327 Parorgyia 27 Pemphigus imbricator 301, 302 Pemphredoiiidse 340 Peutatoniidse 361 Pericopinse 22 Perigouia 32 Perithemis 224. 264 domitia 264 Perlidse 336 Perophora 34 Pliaegopterinte 23 Plialacridse. 326 Phalaiigida Mecostethi I49 Pbalaiigiidse 285 Phalangiiufe 285. 287 Phalaiiginm 287, 291 ciuereum 292 Plialangodes 150 armata 150 INDEX. PAGE Phalangodes spinifera 150, 151 PlialangodidEe 149 Phandiiipe 21 Pheosia 31 Philampehis 32 Phle.Kethontius 33 Phobetrum 28 Pholus 32 Piiragmatobia 24 Phryganidge. 336 Plirygauidia 27 Pbyllapbis sp 302 Pbyllecthnis .60,124 dorsalis 125 gentilis 125, 127 nigripennis 127 paralleliis Horn. ..125, 126 siibsulcatus ifocn.125, 126 texamis 127 Pbyllobrotiea 59, 97 costipeunis Horn. ..98, 99 decorata 98 discoidea 98, 99 limbata 98. 100 luportiua 98, 101 nigripes Horn 98, 102 viridipennis 98, 101 vittata Horn 98, 100 Pbyllodesnia 36 Pbyllcecia 22 Piuaridte 36 Piophilidse 359 Platarctia 25 Platbemis 224, 259 triiuaculata 259 Platceceticus 28 Platypteryx 34 PhitellidiE 361 Pompilidse 342 Prionoxystus 36 Proctotrupidai 344 Prosopsis flammipes Eoh 273 floridauiis Rob 273 Psapliidia 30 Pselapbida; 277, 325 Pselaptrichus 277 Pseudalypia 20 Pseud obazis 35 Pseudoscorpiones 370 PAGE Psyche 28 Psycbidae 28 Psychomorpha 21 Psyllidse 365 Pterogon 32 Ptiuidffi 330 Pulicidse 277 Pygoctenuchia 22 Pyralidia 26 Pyromorpba 21 Pyromorphinse 21 Pyrrbarctia 24 Pytbidffi 334 Pytua 277 ■Qnadriua 36 Reduvidse 364 Ehagouis 36 Ehexius Schniitti Brendel 281 Ehyncbitidffi 335 Saldida? 364 Saligena 30 Samia 35 Sapinella 28 Sarcophagidse 368 Saturnia 35 Saturn iidse 35 Scarabseidse 330 Scelolyperus 59, 102 decipiens Horn ...103, 106 flaviceps ifora .. 103 flavicoUis 103, 104 graptoderoides....l03, 105 lougulus 103, 106 loripes fforw 103, 104 ruaculicollis 103, 105 Scbwarzi Horn ...103, 105 tejonicus 103, 104 Scepsis 22 Scbizoneura tessellata 303 Scbizopns 137 Schizura 30 Sclerobuuus £o»fcs 150, 152 brunneus Banks 152 robustus 152 Scolytidse 336 Scotolemon 150, 151 flavesceus 151 Scutelleridse 361 Scydmseuidse 282 INDEX. PAGE ScydmiBnus gracilis 282 ? ovithorax Brendel... 283 Seirarctia 24 Seirodonta 'SO Semyra 28 Sibine 28 Sicy rosea 29 SilpbidEe 325 Simuliidffi 367 Siruuliuin 45 Sipboeoryne salicis 297 Sitalces 150, 151 californicus £anfcs., 151 Smerintbinse 34 Smerintbus 34 Solpugidfe 369 Somatocblora 223, 253 filosa 253 lepida 253 linearis. — 253 Sosiosa 29 Spbecidse 341 Spbecodes stygius Rob 145 Spbecodina 32 Sphinges and Bombyces 1 Sphingicanipa 34 Spbingidse 31 Spbiiiginse 32 Spbinx 33 Spilosoma 23 Spilosomatinae 23 Spondylidffi 330 Stapbylinidse 325 Stbenopis 37 Stretcbia 30 Symmerista 30 Syneta 133 simplex 133 Syntomeida 22 Syrpbidse 368 Tabanidse 368 Tacbiuidse 368 Tacbopteryx 221, 241 Tboreyi 241 Tantura 21 Telea 35 Tenebrionidse 333 Tentbredinidie 345 Termitidffi 336 PAGE Tetragoueuria 223, 252 cynosura 252 semiaquea 252 Tbaunia 34 Thaumetopoea 31 Tbeages 23 Tberetra 32 Thymaridse 21 Tbyretinse 21 Tbyridopteryx 28 Tingitidfe 363 Tipulidffi 368 Tolype 36 Tortricidse 361 Tortricidia 29 Tracbyrhinus 286, 287 favosus 287 Tracbyscelida Horn 59, 107 bicolor 107 Trairiea 223, 255 Carolina 255 lacerata 255 Triarius 59, 87 lividus 88 trivittatus Horn 88 Tricburinse 22 Trimioplectus? parabolicus ^rcndei 281 Triprocris 21 Trirhabda 59, 63 attenuata 65, 71 brevicollis 64, 66 caduca Horn... 65, 69 canadensis 65, 67 convergens 65, 70 diducta Horn 65, 70 flavoliiubata 65, 72 geminata Horn 65, 6s Lewisii 65, 70 luteocincta 65, 71 nitidicollis 65, 69 tomentosa 65 virgata 65, 66 Trogositidaj 328 Tropsea 35 Trypanus 36 Trypetida; 369 Tycbus ludovicianus Brendel 277 microptbalmus Brendel 277 Uraniidffi 20 Uroceridse 345 Utetheisa 26 Vanessodes 24 Varina 28 Veiiidffi 364 Vespidffi 342 Zeuzera 37 ZeuzeridfB 36 Zygienida:^ 21 Zygfeninte 21 ERRATA. Page 51, Hue 11, for Carysta read Caryota. " 52 and 54, for Q. M. Feuii read G. M. Fenn. " 55, line 34. for guava read guava. " 308, line 12, for nigratoria read migratoria. '■ 314, line 17, dele comma after always. " 318, line 38, for Prestwick read Prestwich. " 325, No. 68, for sereus read seneus. " 341, line 22, before BEMBEOINyE, add BEMBECID^. " 348, No. 540, after Aldrich add Ranch. " 349. " 572, for Brassus read Bassus. " 350, " 598, for cupeipes read cupreipes. " 352, " 626, after bred add from. " 352, line 43, for PARNASIIN^ read PARNASSIIN.E. " 353, line 12, for nitulus read rutulus. " 355, Nos. 704a, 704?), add, these two taken by my brother, L. M. Cockerell. " 356, No. 70Sc is misplaced, and should follow No. 725 on page 357. " 356, No. 717, for Halisiodota read Halisidota. '■ 358, in notes after No. 748, line 4, for obsura read obscura. " 365, No. 885, for douglassii read douglasii. " 366, No. 903, Orthezia does not belong to Lecaniiuie, but apparently forms a new subfamily. It is perhaps the oldest living type of Coccidse. Page 366, at bottom, to P. S. July 5. — Acanthococcas tomentosus and A. confusus now prove to be strictly congeneric with Coccus cacti, and are therefore to be placed in Coccus. Page 369, No. 971, for Tarentula read Tarantula. " 370, No. 978. Ixodes. Probably not of this genus as now restricted. O ^-^ - J\y 62 w M O o in o DIf. INS. U.S. «UkTL« MUS, 3 9088 00907 0269 iiNii