< le a ay ~ eet a . S ay A | K OF SCIENCEE - TRANSACTIONS CONNECTICUT ACADEMY OF eee AND SCIENCES: VOLUME I. NEW HAVEN: PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY. PRINTED BY TUTTLE, MOREHOUSE & TAYLOR. 1866 To 1871. CONN On VOL. I PART 1. Arr. L-—-A ReaistER oF THE AvROoRA BorEeaAtis at NEw Haven, Conn., From Marca, 1837, ro May, 1854. By Epwarp C. Herrick, LisraRtan oF YALE CoLiEcs,----- EXTRACTS FROM AN AURORAL REGISTER KEPT AT NEW Haven, Conn., By Mr. Francis BRApbiey, Arr. I].—Norices or AURORAS EXTRACTED FROM THE METEOR- OLOGICAL JOURNAL OF Rey. Ezra Stites, §.T.D., FORMERLY PRESIDENT OF YALE COLLEGE; TO WHICH ARE ADDED, No- TICES OF A FEW OTHER AURORAS RECORDED BY OTHER OBSERVERS, AT NEw Haven, CoNN., COLLECTED AND BBPANCHD Ey ROM. MTIAS JOOMIS,)... 222 22.2223. 228 Art. III.—On BEKKER’s DiGammMatTEeD Text oF Homer. By Pror. James Hap ey, Arr. [V.—On THE Miran TEMPERATURE, AND ON THE FLUCTU- ATIONS OF TEMPERATURE, AT NEw Haven, Conn., Lat. 41° 18’ N., Lone. 72° 55' W. or Grernwicu. By Pro- FEssors Extras Loomis anp H. A. Newron, = #60 CON PENDS OF VOL. I.-PART 2. Art, V.—Noters on THE Rapiata In THE Musrum oF YALE CoLLEGr, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SeEcrs. Dv om, “Ac H. ViERREE,.222202-------<- No. 1.—Derscrirtions oF New StTarFIisHes FROM NEW Oe cera co ial SPO SOR a IN eet Gin le, ee ee No. 2.—NotrEs ON THE EcHINODERMS OF PANAMA AND West Coast oF AMERICA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW Graamewamiemrnii, 22k ke ee BSS PAGE 139 155 173 194 247 247 CONTENTS. No. -3>~ONn THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE : =s Ecrtinghprns oF THE West Coast oF AMERICA,.. -- . CoMPARISON OF THE TROPICAL EcHINODERM—FAUN& oF THE East anpD WeEstT Coasts oF AMERICA, No. 4.—Noricre oF THE Corats AND ECHINODERMS COL- LECTED BY Pror. C. F, Harrt, ar tHE ABROLHOS REEFs, Province oF Banta, Braziz, 1867, No. 5.—Norice oF A CoLLEecTION OF ECHINODERMS FROM La Paz, Lower CatrrorniA, with DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS, SuPPLEMENTARY NotTE ON ECHINODERMS OF THE WEST Coast oF AMERICA, No. 6.—REVIEW OF THE CoRALS AND PoLyps OF THE West Coast oF AMERICA, No. 7.—On THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE Potyrs oF THE West Coast oF AMERICA, No. 8.—AppiTionaAL OBSERVATIONS ON ECHINODERMS, CHIEFLY FROM THE Pactric Coast oF AMERICA, No. 9.—On THE EcHINODERM—FAUNA OF THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA AND Cape St. Lucas, PAGE 351 371 376 Sulall 546 558 568 ADVERTISEMENT. In the year 1799, several gentlemen in New Haven formed a So- ciety for the promotion of useful knowledge, under the name of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences; and in October of the same year, obtained from the Legislature of the State, an Act of Incorporation. Under this charter, a copy of which is subjoined, the Academy was fully organized, and has continued in active ope- ration to the present time. One important object proposed by the founders of the Association, was to collect materials for a statistical account of the State of Con- necticut. This object was partially accomplished. A large amount of statistical facts were collected and a portion of them were pub- lished. The main design of the Association was, however, the general pro- motion of the arts and sciences; and in compliance with this design, several papers on philosophical subjects were from time to time pre- sented to the Academy, and some of them were selected for publi- cation. In the year 1810 was issued Part I of an octavo volume, embracing seventeen short memoirs in various departments of science ; and in subsequent years, eight other memoirs were added, making together an octavo volume of 412 pages. Besides this, the Academy also published some statistics of the State of Connecticut. After the establishment of the American Journal of Science in 1819, by Professor Benjamin Silliman, the Academy judged it inex- pedient to continue the publication of memoirs in a separate form, and henceforth such papers as were read at its meetings, and were considered worthy of publication, were given to the public through the medium of the Journal of Science. This practice has continued 4 to the present time. But within the last few years it was found that the Academy had at its command a considerable amount of scientific materials, which were thought worthy of publication, and which did not seem suited to the pages of an ordinary scientific journal. It was therefore proposed that the Academy should resume its practice of independent publication, and through the liberal subscriptions of several gentlemen of New Haven, the means of doing this have been provided. The Part now issued forms but half of a volume which it is intended before long to complete; a portion of the materials for the remainder of the volume being nearly ready for the printer. AN ACT To INCORPORATE THE CONNECTICUT ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, Wuereas literary Societies have been found to promote, diffuse and preserve the knowledge of those Arts and Sciences which are the support of Agriculture, Manufactures and Commerce, and to advance the dignity, virtue and happiness of a people: Therefore, Be it enacted by the Governor and Council, and House of Representatives, in General Court assembled, That Timothy Dwight, James Dana, Zephaniah Swift, John Allen, David Daggett, Jesse Root, John C. Smith, Isaac Beers, Nathaniel Smith, Elijah Munson, Josiah Meigs, Enoch Perkins, Jeremiah Atwater, 4th, John Barker, Elias Shipman, Noah Webster, Jr., Simeon Baldwin, Elizur Goodrich, Obadiah Hotchkiss, Jr., Timothy Pitkin, Jr., Theodore Dwight, Abraham Bishop, Ashur Miller, Stephen Titus Hosmer, James Hillhouse, Jeremiah Wadsworth, Pierpont Edwards, Isaac Mills, Eli Whitney, John Davenport, John Bowden, Bela Hubbard, Jonathan O. Moseley, Jonathan Sturgiss, Elizur Wright, Jeremiah Townsend, Jr., Jared Mansfield, John Marsh, Nathan Perkins, Levi Hart, John Treadwell, Oliver Ellsworth, Jonathan Trumbull, and Eneas Munson, and their associates, be, and they hereby are formed into, constituted and made a body politic and corporate, by the name of “ The Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences,” and by that name, they and their successors shall and may have per- petual succession; shall be capable of sueing and being sued, pleading and being impleaded, in all suits, of what nature soever; may have a Common Seal, and may alter the same at pleasure; and may also purchase, receive, hold and convey any estate, real or personal; provided that the annual income of such estate shall not exceed one thousand dollars. 2d. And be it further enacted, That the said Academy may, from time to time, elect a President and a Keeper of Records, which Keeper of Records shall be sworn to a faithful discharge of his trust; and such other officers as they may find nec- essary or convenient; may elect additional members, provided the whole number of members resident in this State shall never exceed two hundred, nor ever be less than forty. And the said Academy may make by-laws respecting the num- ber, qualifications and duties of their Officers; the mode of election and admis- sion of members; the time, place and manner of holding their meetings; and the number necessary to make a quorum, and all other by-laws which they may deem necessary for the due regulation of said Society, not repugnant to the laws of the State or of the United States; and may annex reasonable pecuniary fines and penalties, for the breach of such by-laws, not exceeding ten dollars for one offence. 3d. And be it further enacted, That the first meeting of said Academy be held, at the State House in New Haven, on the fourth Tuesday of instant October. 4th. And be it further enacted, That this Act, or any part thereof, if found inad- equate or inconvenient, may be altered, amended, or repealed. Passed on the second Thursday of October, A.D. 1799. OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY. President, CHESTER 8. LYMAN, Vice President, ELIAS LOOMIS. Recording Secretary, HUBERT A. NEWTON, Librarian, ADDISON VAN NAME, Treasurer, HENRY C. KINGSLEY. Corresponding Secretaries, WILLIAM A. NORTON, BENJAMIN SILLIMAN, LEONARD J. SANFORD, HUBERT A, NEWTON, ec officio. Councillors, ALEXANDER C. TWINING, ELI] W. BLAKE, BENJAMIN SILLIMAN, WILLIAM D. WHITNEY, HUBERT A, NEWTON, Committee of Publication, ELIAS LOOMIS, JAMES D. DANA, CHESTER 8S. LYMAN, WILLIAM D. WHITNEY, HUBERT A. NEWTON, DANIEL C, GJLMAN, GEORGE J, BRUSH, Introductory notice to Herrick’s Auroral Register by Professors Elias Loomis and H. A. Newton, to whom the editing of Mr. Herrickh’s observations was committed. Epwarp ©. Herrick was born in New Haven, Feb. 24th, 1811. His advantages for early education were good, and they were faith- fully improved; but a chronic inflammation of the eye-lids prevented his receiving a collegiate education, which he always lamented as a disadvantage. At the age of about sixteen he became a clerk in a book-store, and he continued in the book-business, either as clerk or proprietor, for about a dozen years. In 1843, he was appointed Librarian of Yale College, and in 1852 Treasurer of the College, which office he retained until his death, which occurred June 11, 1862. Although Mr. Herrick was by profession a business man, he had an ardent love for science, and devoted nearly all the time which he could call his own, to the study of various subjects, but particularly Natural History and Meteorology. As early as 1832, he became deeply interested in certain questions connected with Natural His- tory, which he prosecuted for many years with untiring zeal. The remarkable display of meteors, Nov. 13, 1833, stimulated his curiosity, and from that time to the very close of his life, he was one of the most indefatigable observers of meteors, whether in America or in Europe. In 1826, when only fifteen years of age, he commenced a meteoro- logical journal, making observations with the greatest regularity four times a day, and continued it without interruption for five years. It was subsequently resumed, and continued for several years longer, though with various interruptions. In this journal, as early as 1827, he made a most scrupulous record of every aurora which he observed. The remarkable aurora of Novy. 17, 1835, combined with those of April 22, 1836, and Jan. 25, 1837, excited a deep interest among sci- entific men in New Haven, and stimulated Mr. Herrick to undertake that careful record of auroras which is herewith published. In the spring of 1837, Dr. William Tully, Professor of Materia Medica in Yale College, had arranged to spend a few weeks at Cas- tleton, Vt., a place about 125 miles north of New Haven; and Mr. Herrick made an agreement with him to observe in concert for auro- ras. It was decided to make a record every evening, stating whether the sky was clear or overcast; and whenever an aurora was seen, to describe its peculiarities with minuteness. Dr. Tully’s record ex- tended from March sth to June 5th, and again from Aug. 10th to Oct. 27th. The result of these comparisons confirmed Mr. Herrick in his opinion of the utility of such a record, and henceforth his au- roral register was continued for seventeen years, with only a few un- 8 avoidable interruptions. The most important of these interruptions was one of seven months, from March to Sept., 1851, at which time Mr. Herrick was attacked by a fit of sickness so severe that it was not supposed that he could survive it. After this sickness he never fully recovered his former physical vigor, and this consideration com- pelled him to abandon his systematic register in 1854. During these seventeen years, it was Mr. Herrick’s invariable cus- tom to go out into the open air at several different times each evening, in order to see whether any traces of auroral light could be detected, and the result of his observations was entered in his register. When- ever an aurora was seen, a brief description of its principal features was given. He however regarded it as of almost equal importance that the record should show upon what nights xo auroral light could be seen; also how far observation was interfered with by moon-light, clouds, haze, ete., and on what nights observation was from any cause rendered impossible. In the printed register, we have generally allowed but one line to each evening. Whenever the record required a larger space, the re- mainder is given at the bottom of the page, and this addition is indi- cated by an asterisk inserted in the corresponding line. Whenever any auroral light was seen or suspected, we have not felt at liberty to abridge the record, since Mr. Herrick was scrupu- lously careful in his choice of expressions; but when no light was suspected, we have abridged his descriptions of the state of the sky, so as to reduce them to the limits of a single printed line. The numbers in parentheses at the ends of the lines are intended to indicate the auroras actually seen at New Haven. No fixed rules could be followed as regards including or excluding suspected auro- ras. Those cases which have been included correspond, however, with but few exceptions, to Mr. Herrick’s own judgment as indicated in a numerical summary of all his observations, which he furnished to one of the committee a few years before his death. The following abbreviations are used for words of frequent occur- rence. Entries made in the Register by Mr. Herrick upon the author- ity of Mr. Francis Bradley are marked (F. B.). A.B., Aurora Borealis. |dif., difficult. obse., obscured. ac’t, account. da’, doubtful. oce’'l, occasional. aft., after., afterwards. ds, doubtless. oe’y, occasionally. | alt., altitude. ev’g, evening. pos., possible, possibly. al’t, almost. hor., horizon. p-, prob., probable, probably. betw’n, between. imp., impos., impossible. Py, partly. ed, could. impr., improbable. ry, rainy. cert., certain, certainly.|interf., interferes. sl’t, slight. cl’ded, clouded. lt, light. sltly, slightly. el’ds, clouds. Vtnings, lightnings. susp., suspected. cl’ss, cloudless. m’g, morn., morning. twil’t, twilight. er; clear. m’y, mostly. unc., uncertain, cl’y, cloudy. n't, night. vis., visible. det., determine. n’y, nearly. wh’y, wholly. d’g, during. obs., observation. A REGISTER OF THE PAL ottowts ddr Oo Rie Bod Le LS AT NEW HAVEN, CONN., FROM MARCH, 1837, TO DECEMBER, 1853. BY EDWARD C. HERRICK, LIBRARIAN OF YALE COLLEGE. 1837. ; Mar. 29|Clear: a plain A.B. from end of twil’t: not very conspicuous. (1) Apr. 30| Clear. 31|Raining moderately at 10". Began to rain at 7" 12™, 1|;Clear. No A.B. seen. 2|Fair. No A.B. 3/Clear. No A.B. 4/Ov’t at 6". Clouds breaking up at 10". No A.B. seen. 5|Ov’t, but breaking up at 6". Clear at 10". No A.B. 6|Clear. A.B. from end of twilight. 7|Ov’t: began to rain about 8", Obs. impos. 8}Ov’t at 10", Obs. impos. 9| Cloudy. 10/Clear. No A.B. seen. 11/Clear. No A.B. 12|Clear. No A.B. 13| Nearly ov’t at 10". Obs. impos., or nearly. 14| Broken clouds. No A.B. seen, but obs. impaired. 15|Nearly clear. No A.B. seen. 16|Ov’t. Occasional rain. 17| Nearly clear. No A.B. seen. 18| Broken cumuli. No A.B. seen. 19|Partly ov’t. Clouds broken. 20\Ov’t. A little rain during the evening. 21|Nearly clear. Red aurora, not very splendid. 22|Clear at 10% No A.B. 23|Raining moderately. A few flakes of snow about 7". 24| Hazy. 25|Mostly ov’t at 7", Thinly ov’t at 10", Hazy. 26 | Ov’t. 27| Mostly clear, hazy. 28|/Clear. Hazy. 29|Clear. Hazy in horizon, 30| Began to rain about 75. 2 (2) (3) 10 Ferrick’s Auroral Register. 1837. May 1)|Exceedingly clear. No A.B. to 10%. Cloudy in N. A.B. could not well have been seen to 10%. Much ov’t. No A.B. visible to 10", and prob. none in reality. Clear until 8": after that so much obse. that A.B. could not be obs. Raining. Impos. to observe A.B. to 10%. Mostly ov’t. A.B. seen. (4) Clear, and no A.B. to 104%. Clear. No A.B. to 1034. No A.B. could have been seen on account of clouds. 10/Clear. No A.B. to 10}. 11|Nearly clear. Moonlight. No A.B. to 11°. 12|Ov’t. Clouds prevented obs. on A.B. to 11}. 13|Ov’t. Misty. No obs. could be made to 10°. 14|Ov’t. No obs. e’d be made after 83" to 10". None visible before 84". 15|Ov’t. No obs. could be made to 10", and prob. to sunrise. 16|Ov’t. No obs. could be made. 17/Clear. Moonlight. No A.B. to 105. 18 Ov’t. No obs. could be made to 10*. 19|Rain. No obs. could be made to 10°, 20;Clear. Moonlight. No. A.B. 21|Clear. No A.B. to 10". Apparently faint zod. light. 22)Ov’t: rain. No obs. could be made. 23|/Clear. No A.B. to 10". Zod. light very faint, if visible at all. 24/Rain. No obs. could be made. 25|Rain. No obs. could be made. 26|/Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Zod. light appears to have departed. 27\Clear.’ ‘No A.B; to 10°. 28|Clear. No A.B. to 94%. 29/Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 30|Clouding in N. at 72. Ov’t at 10°. No obs. could be made. 31/Clear. Lowcl’dsinN. No A.B. (or pos. very faint glimmer) to 10". June 1|Hazy: cloudsin N. No A.B. to 10%, orif any, scarcely per i 2|Mostly clear. A very good aurora. 3|Mostly ov’t.* 8 4|Ov’t after 8". Clouds prevented obs. on A.B. 5|Clear, hazy. No A.B. to 10°. 6 a 8 Neo Rie cet Merwe Ml oS \ laa Clear. No A.B. to 104. Ov’t, rain. Obs. impos. to 10°, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", 9|Mostly ov’t. No A.B. to 10", Moon and cl’ds interfere somewhat. 10)Ov’t. Obs. impos. 11)Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 12|Ov’t, rain. Obs. impos. to 105. 13/Thinly ov’t. No A.B. to 10°. 14|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103" 15|Ov’t. Clouds dispersing ma 10°, No. A.B. visible. 16|Ov’t, slight rain. Obs. impos. 17|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", 18|Clear. No A.B. to 105. 19;Ov’t. Obs. impos. all night. 20/Clear. No A.B. to 1044. June 3d.—F lashes of lightning nearly incessant from N.W. to N.E. to 9h 30m, and perhaps longer. A.B. could not therefore be observed. [A.B. seen Sunday between ih and 2h a. M, (4th) by Mrs. Prof. Goodrich. | Herrick’s Auroral Register. 1837. June 21/Ov’t. Obs. impos. all night. 22|Cloudless, but hazy. No A.B. to 10". 11 23| Dimly clear in zenith, very dusky in horizon. No A.B, to 10%. 24| Mostly ov’t. Clouds almost prevented obs. : none to 10" prob.* (7) 25|Smoky: too hazy to permit obs. to 10", and prob. all night. 26|Too hazy for obs. all night: a few stars in zenith visible. 27|/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 104}. 28| Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10%. 29;Ov’t. Obs. impos. 30|Clear. No A.B. to 103"; and none at 2 a.m. of 1st July. July 1/Clear. Splendid A.B. Clear. A.B. moderate. 8 9 Mostly clear at 10". Showersin theev’g. A.B. very moderate. (10 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103". [None at 103", 2 3 4|Thinly ov’t. Obs. uncertain. Apparently none to 10". 5 6 7 Mostly ov’t. Obs. uncertain to 10”. 8|Clear. No A.B. to 11%. Moonlight. 9\Clear. No A.B. to 104%. 10|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 11/Ov’t. No certain obs. could be made up to 11".* Mostly ov’t. N.sky much clouded till 11", some light through cl’ds. 12|Clear. No A.B. to 115. [and moonlight. 13|/Clear. No A.B. to 11": obs. uncertain on account of clouds in N. 14|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 112. 15|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10. 16|Clear. Ne A.B. to 10". 17|Clear. No A.B. except a segment of a single arch. 18|Clear. No A.B. to 10$4.* 19/Owt. Obs. impos. to 10". 20/|Clear, with slight haze. No A.B. to 10$". 21\Clear. No A.B. to 11" 22|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 23| Mostly ov’t at 6". Mostly clear at 10". No A.B. to 104". 24/Ov’t at 6", Mostly clear at 10". No A.B. to 10°. 25|Mostly ov’t at 6". Clear at 10%. No A.B. to 104%. 26|Clear. No A.B. to 10}°. 27|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 103". 28}Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10°. 29| A.B. seen from 9" to 10", when sky became ov’t. 30|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11h* 31|Clear. No A.B. (er ely very faint light) to 104". Aug. 1)Clear. No A.B. to 104", or possibly a faint light.* 2|Mostly ov’t. No A. B 3|Clear. A.B. visible from a little before 9%.* 4|Clear. No A.B. to 10", or possibly a faint dawn. 5|Clear. No A.B. to 105. 6|Clear. No A.B. to 10". Moon. 7\Raining. Obs. impos. to 10°. (11) (12) (13) (14) June 24th.—[Aurora after 10h 30m ; a diffuse light only seen; watched but a few minutes, and therefore a very imperfect observation (Mrs. Mary Foster’s). I did not see it. ] July 11th.—Some uncertain indications of A.B. through the clouds. July 18th.—[{Mr. Chas. Rich saw at 8h what he thinks a faint streamer. ] July 30th.—According to Dr. Hooker there was A.B. with waves, 3 a.m. of 31st. Aug. lst—[{Mr. Wm. Daggett says he saw an A.B. last night. Aug. 3d. cine diffuse white light ; few streamers. atched till 11h, Returned after midnight, with more display ; loftier streamers: seen by Mr. Wm. Daggett. 12 1837. ug. Sept. Neoiie 2} 10 11 12 15 14 15 16 uy | 18 Ug) 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (Jw) _ Om Ia rh wWNeH 22 23 Ferrick’s Auroral Register. Ov’t. Rain. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10". Moon. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", [parently none to 11". ‘Clouds breaking. Obs. uncertain on ac’t of clouds and moon: ap- ‘Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 103%. Moon. Prob. no A.B. Partly clear. Obs. rather uncertain on ac’t of clouds and moon.* ‘Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. ; apparently none to 11". Oy’t from 83". Obs. impos. on account of clouds. Moon. ‘Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. ; apparently none to 10", Moon. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10°, and prob, all night. [none to 103". Clearing off: obs. rather une. on ac’t of cl’ds and moon: apparently ‘Mostly ov’t. Obs. uncertain; probably none to 103%. Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. ; none discoverable. Clear. No A.B. to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 11°. Clear at 6, Ov’tat10": sooncl’r. No A.B.to103". Prob. a frost. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10°. Mostly clear. A.B. seen from 8" 40", (15) Ov’t. Rain. Obs. impos. |Clear, A.B. seen. Rank, No. 5. 16) ‘Clear. A.B. seen. Rank, No. 7. i Mostly ov’t. No A.B. seen. Cloudy after 8".* Thickly oy’t. Obs. impos. to 10".* Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10". Probably a frost. Mostly clear. No A.B. seen to 11". Probably a frost. Clear except faint cirriin N. No A.B. seen to 10". Clear. No A.B. seen to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 10". Mostly ov’t. Clear at 9". No A.B. to 10". Moon. Mostly ov’t, thinly. No A.B. to 10°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t after 94°. No A.B. to that time. Clear. No A.B. to 10% Mostly clear to 83°. No A.B. to that time, and prob. none to 11". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11%. Clear. Very slight A.B. if any. I saw none to 11".* Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Mostly ov’t, with cirri. No A.B. to 11". Obs. rather uncertain on ac’t of c’ds and moon; prob. none to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10". Moon. Clear. No A.B. to 10". Moon. Clear. No A.B. to 10". Clear. A.B, not very conspicuous. 18) A.B. 19 Partly ov’t. Obs. doubtful on account of clouds.* 20 Clear. A.B. 21 Aug. 13th.—Apparently none to 10h 30m, Mr. Chas. Rich thinks he saw auroral light through the clouds about 11h. Aug. 29th.—Went to Southampton. Mr. A. B. Haile keeps record during my absence (till Sept. 4th, inclusive). I saw a faint A.B. during the evening at Southampton, L. I. Aug. 30th.—I thought I saw an A.B. through the clouds at Southampton, but it is some- what uncertain. Sept. 12th.—Mr. Haile thinks he saw a single streamer, but is uncertain. Sept. 22d.—Apparently a faint illumination, but ne streamers seen. Probably was a slight aurora, Ferrick’s Auroral Register. 138 1837. Sept. 24/Clear. A.B. (22) 25) Half ov’t at 6". Mostly clear at 10". Obs. une. on ac’t of clouds.* 26|Cloudy till 9", clear till 10". A very faint A.B. detected. 27\/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 28!Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and probably all night.* 29)Ov’t. Obs, impos. to 10", and probably all night. 30|Rain. Obs, impos, to 10", and probably all night. Oct. 1/Clear. No A.B. to 94°.* 2\Cl’y: no A.B. to 10". Obs. somewhat uncertain on ac’t of el’ds. 3|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10$%. None at 4" 20™ next a. mM. 4\Clear. No A.B. to 10". 5|Rain. Obs. impos. to 104", and probably all night. 6|Clear. A.B. seen from 6" 36™ to 10" 20™ and probably later.* (23) 7/Obs. une. from cl’ds and moon; p. none to 10"; cert. none over 3. 8|Clear. No A.B. visible to 10". Moon. 9|No A.B. seen to 9", Obs. slightly uncertain from clouds and moon. 10|Thinly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10".* 11|M’y ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". Mr. C. Rich thinks he saw a faint light. 12|/Obs. almost impos. to 10" on account of clouds and moon.* 13|/Clear. No A.B. to 10", but uncertain on account of moon. [moon. 14|M’y ov’t: no A.B. seen: p. none to 11": som’t unc. from cl’ds and 15|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103". 16|/Clear. No A.B. to 10°. [of clouds and moon. 17| Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10", but obs. very uncertain on account 18} Clear.* (24) 19|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 20|No A.B. to 9". 21|Clear. A.B. seen from 64" to 10", and probably later.* (25) 22|/Clear. A.B. seen from 6" 10™. (26) 23/Clear. No A.B. to 103"; thick fog from 10°. [ov’t. 24|Obs. to 94" une. on ac’t of c’'ds; cert. none over 2 to 94: after that 25|Entirely ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 26\Ov’t. Rain. Obs. impos. to 10%, and probably all night. 27|No A.B. to 10", but slightly une. on ac’t of clouds: none over 3 cert. 28)|Thinly ov’t, hazy: no A.B. to 10", obs. unc. from cl’ds: none over 3. 29| Mostly clear: no A.B. to 10", but sky most of evening slightly obse.* 30|Ov’t: obs. after 8" impos., and previous to that nearly so; none seen. 31} Clear. Noy. 1/Clear. A.B. seen; a few transient streamers, early in evening. (27) 2|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10", or possibly a very faint light. 3|Clear. No A.B. to 9"; moon slightly interfered: none at 4" a. M. 4\Obs. une. from cl’ds and moon; none under 6 or 7¢’d beseen: p. none. Sept. 25th.—I think there is a faint light, before 10h. Sept. 28th.—Mr. D. E. Sykes tells me that at Boston, Mass., two auroral arches were seen, about 8h; they were concentric, and about 20° high. Possibly this may belong to the previous, . or the succeeding Thursday. Oct. 1st.—A faint light in the N. like the dawn at 4h a. m. (of 2d) extending up 1° or 2°; no streamers. Zod. light distinct, extending to the nebula in Cancer, and perhaps 5° beyond it. Oct. 6th.—Faint streamers at 6h 36m, and more at 10h20m. Between these dates only a general diffusion of light in the N. Oct. 10th.—At 4h a.m. of 11th there seemed to be a very faint light in the N., but I am un- certain whether there it is unusual. Oct. 12th.—Neeale slightly disturbed, but no A.B. seen. Oct. 18th.—A faint A.B. low in N. horizon (much of the time obscured by clouds), to 8h 30m, when moon interfered. No A.B. visible after this to 10h, Oct. 21st.—A diffuse fluctuating light. No streamers. Aurora seen Sunday morning, by Dr. N. B. Ives, between 3h and 4h; numerous bright short streamers. Oct. 29th.—At 10h thought there was a faint N. light, but not very sure. 14 Herrick’s Auroral Register. Noy. 5)Half clear: clouds and moon interfered.* 6|Cl’r early inev’g; moon: no A.B. seen: after 74” ov’t and obs. imp. 7/Clear. No A.B. to 10"; moon present; no A.B. from 4 a. m. of 8th. 8|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 9|Ov’t most of evening, so that obs. was impos. to 10" and d’s all n’t. 10| M’y el’r: no A.B. to 10"; sl’tly unc. from cl’ds, moon; no A.B. susp. 11/Ov’t and misty. Rain about 7". Obs. impos. 12)Clear. A.B. (28) 13| M’y ov’t: obs. n’y impos. from cl’ds and moon: none over 7 or 8. 14|Sky entirely ov’t till 7" and mostly so until 10" 40™,* (29) 15|Clear. No A.B. to 103%. Moon present. 16|Clear. No A.B. to 74, when moon rose, and none seen after to 10". 17| Clear.* (30 18| Mostly clear. A.B. from twilight to 10" at least.* a 19| Mostly ov’t at 6". (No later record.) 20| M’y c’r: no A.B. to 10%, or pos. an exceedingly faint reflection.* (32) 21|Hazy. No A.B. to 10°. 22)}Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". 23|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 24/Ov’t. Snowing. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 25|Mostly ov’t at 6": Clear at 10". No A.B. to 10". 26|Clear. No A.B. to 9%. 27\Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 98|Clear. No A.B. to 105. 29|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10". 30|Clear. Slightly hazy. No A.B. to 10.* (33) Dee. 1/Clear. Low fog. Brilliant A.B.* (34) 2/Ov’t. Misty. Obs. impos. to 10". 3|Ov’t most of ev’g to 10" and prob. all n’t: obs. n’y impos. : none seen. 4| Mostly clear at 10". No A.B. at 10". Most of the evening cloudy. 5) 6 Ov’t. A.B. seen. (35) Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 7|Mostly ov’t. No A.B. to 9", after which clouds interfere.* 8|Clear. No A.B. to 10". 9|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 10|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 11/Clear. No A.B, to 9". Full moon. 12|/Clear. No A.B. to 9%. [fore uncertain. 13|Half clear at 6". No A.B. seen to 10°; cloudy and moonlight, there- 14|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 15/Clear. No A.B. to 10". Moon. 16|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Nov. 5th.—A great coronal aurora about 11h. I did not see it. Seen early in the evening at Norfolk, Conn., by Mr. R. Gaylord, but overlooked here. Nov. 14th.—It was then clearing rapidly. Magnificent rose-red auroral light covering the en- tire hemisphere; brightest about 6h m. t. Needle exceedingly disturbed. [See Dee. 29th, 1842.] Nov. 17th.—Slight A.B. to 8h or until moon rose; after which it could be seen. Noy. 18th.—I saw no streamers; but early much diffuse reddish light; after, a distinct arch, with vertex about 5° high and dark segment beneath, all fluctuating and ever changing; loud roar of waves (probably those of the Atlantic) distinctly audible. Noy. 20th.—Mr. J. H. Dulles and Mr. J. D. Whitney report a single streamer seen by them about 11h 50m, Noy. 30th.—An aurora is reported to me which must have been considerable, but much obscured by clouds. I was in the house most of the evening. Dec. 5th.—A few red streamers in N.E. about 5h 45m reaching to zenith, not much seen after ; evening, especially latter part, very unfavorable. I did not see it at all. Dec. 7th.—Yet a faint ene suspected, but uncertain on account of moon. Flerrick’s Auroral Register. 15 1837. ber I, Ov’t and raining all night. Obs. impos. [tain on ac’t of cl’ds. 18/Clear at 10". No A.B. to10", Some auroral light susp., but uncer- 19|Ov’t at 6": clear at 10". No A.B. to 10°. 20/Clear. No A.B. to 10". 21|No A.B. all night, yet slightly uncertain on account of cloudiness. 22|Clear. No A.B. visible. 23/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 24/Clear. No A.B. to 10", nor from 4" to 6" a.m. of 25th. 25|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10°. 26/Ov’t. No A.B. to 104, or possibly a very faint light. 27| Mostly ov’t. No A.B. seen, but obs. nearly impos. to 10". 28/Clear. A.B. scarcely detected before 83". (36) 29| Partly clear. Obs. uncertain; after 10" m’y cl’r and no A.B. visible. 30/Clear. A.B. faint; I saw no streamers. (37) 31/Mostly clear. No A.B, to 10". 1838. Jan. 1|/Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 2,Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". 3|Mostly clear. No A.B. visible, but obs. rather imperfect. 4 Obs. impos. most of ev’g and n’t on ac’t of c’'ds: no A.B, seen or susp. 5|Clear. A.B. seen; not till 9" to 10".* (38) 6|Clear. No A.B. to 10". 7\ Very wet fog during ev’g. No A.B. seen; obs. nearly impos. to 10". 8, Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 9/Ov’t. Raining. Obs. impos. to 10". 10|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 11|Clear. No A.B. to 10". 12\Clear. No A.B. to 10". 13|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 14|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 15|Clear.* (39 16| Mostly clear at 6": mostly ov’t at 10".* ye 17|Clear.* 18|Fog. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 19|Clear. No A.B. to 10".* 20|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 21 Obs. nearly impos. on account of cloudiness. None suspected. 22) Many cirrous clouds: fair. No A.B. to 10", and prob. all night. 23/Ov’t. Obs. doubtful on account of clouds. None suspected.* 24|Mostly clear. A.B. seen.* (41) 25|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 26|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 27|Driving storm. Obs. impos. all night. 28|/Ov’t at 6%, Clear, in whole or in part, later.* (42) Jan. 5th.—Many red patches and some white streamers; greatest altitude about 50°. Bright moon. Jan, 15th.—A very faint light in the N. between 9h and 10h, but moon soon rose and obscured it. Jan. 16th.—No A.B. during evening up to 9h 30m, when it became cloudy. Between 10h and 11h, through the broken clouds, I saw unusual light. I presume there was an aurora. [A decided aurora at 44. mM. I did not see it.] ; Jan. 17th.—No A.B. to 10h, yet a very faint light appeared to lie low in the N. about 11h. Uncertain. Jan. 19th.—At one time I suspected there was a very faint light, but I am uncertain. - Jan, 23d.—I have since heard that a lady saw, about 10h, through breaks in the clouds, an auroral corona. Needle not inspected. ai eg at low arch; red stains in N.W.; streamers, none higher than 40°, Rank out No. 5. Jan. 28th.—A.B. seen, chiefly between 9b and 10h; streamers about 40° high. Rank about No.6. None visible at 4 a.m. of 29th. Seen at Buffalo, N. Y 16 Herrich’s Auroral Register. 1838. Jan. 29|Clear. No A.B. seen to 10". 30/Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 31/Clear. No A.B. to 10". Feb. 1|M’y ov’t. Obs. uncertain on ac’t of cl’ds and moon: none detected. 2|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 3|Ov’t, snowing at 6": scattered clouds at 10". No A.B. to 10".* (48) 4|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10". 5{Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 6|Clear. No A.B. to 10". 7|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103%. 8|Clear at 6": mostly ov’t at 10". Obs. nearly impos. to 115.* 9| Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11". 10|Half clear. No A.B. to 10". [Mr. A. B. Haile.) . 11/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10": (clr after 11"; no A.B. according to 12}Ov’t. No A.B. early in evening; afterwards obs. impos. to 10%, 13|Raining. Obs. impos. to 10". 14|Clear. No A.B. 15|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10%, 16|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", except a few minutes at 9"; no A.B then.* 17|Clear. No A.B. 18| A.B. noticed first about 10"; seen also at 12" and after.* (44) 19|Clear. No A.B. to 10". 20|/Clear. No A.B. to 10". 21|Clear. Splendid A.B, (45 22/Clear. A slight illumination in the N., seen by Mr. C. Rich. re 23! M’y ov’t: obs. n’y impos. on ac’t of cl’ds and haze: none seen to 10". 24/Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 25|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 26|/Clear. A very faint light in N. to 10", prob. a distant A.B. (47) 27|No A.B. at 10", and obs. before nearly impos.: no A.B. at 4" (28th). 28|Clear. No A.B. to 10", Moon in the way.* March 1/Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 2/Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 3/Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 4|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 5|Ov’t; foggy. Obs. impos. to 11%. 6|Ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. all the evening to 10". None suspected. 7\Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 8/Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10". 9/Ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. during the evening. 10|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 11/Clear. No A.B. to 9% 12/Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 13|Clear. No A.B. to 1144. 14|Mostly clear, hazy. No A.B. to 93%. 15|Clear at 6", Clear in E. at 10"; cloudy in W. Slight A.B.* (48) 16|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 17’Ov’t. Snowing. Obs. impos. Feb. 83d.—A.B. seen between 5 and 6 A.M. (4th); red colors: (Mr. A. R. Street.) Feb. 8th.—_ Some unusual light suspected, but it is very uncertain. Feb. 16th.—Mr. J. Huntington thinks he saw A.B. at 11h. Feb. 18th.—A small display, but few streamers. Feb. 28th.—Query. A red aurora at 4h to 5h a.m. of March Ist ? March 15th.—Not discoverable until about 9h. Up to 10h, there was but little action. Not over No. 2. Watched only until 10h, 1838. Mar. 18 May 19 OM TS Oe Flerrick’s Auroral Register. 17 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Mostly clear at 6". Mostly ov’t at 10".* (49) Mostly clear, slightly hazy. No A.B. to 10". Obs. uncertain. Hazy: no A.B, all night; hazy from 3": mod. A.B. ¢’d not be seen. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t. Misty. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Mostly ov’t at 6". Clear at 10% No A.B. to 10°. Fair. No A.B. to 9". Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Snowing slightly. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". Ov’t.: obs. impos. most of ev’g; cl’ra short time at 8"; no A.B. seen. Clear. No A.B. to 10". Moon interferes, Clear. No A.B. to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 9". Clear. No A.B. Ov’t, with thick haze. Obs. nearly impos. to 10". No A.B. seen to 93", but obs. very unc. on ac’t of clouds and moon. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10". Dense haze. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Clear at 6". No A.B. to 10°. Rain storm during evening. Obs. impos. No A.B. to 10°. 10|Clear. No A.B. to 93%. 11|Clearing at 6". Mostly clear at 10". No A.B. to 10%. 12|Clear. (214) Mostly clear, but somewhat hazy. Moon, No A.B, seen to 10". Considerably ov’t in the evening. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. March 7th.—Possibly some auroral light at that time, but uncertain. Overcast from 12h to 2h A. M. April 10th.—I watched it but little. April 11th.—A moderate A.B. for 20° each side of N. and extending 2° to 5° high. Occa- sional indefinite streamers from a low auroral bank. April 14th.—At 10h 30m illumination reached altitude of 20° and horizontal extent of 90° or 100°. Between 1h and 3h a. ., 15th, a display of waves, passing up half-way to zenith, as I am informed. April 20th.—Slight A.B. about 11h, and faint traces through the night. 7] 50 Herrick’s Auroral Register. 1842. Apr. 23|M’y clear: moon: no A.B, seen to 10": within doors most of ev’g. 24|Hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. 25 /Ov’t and misty. Obs. impos. to 10", 26 Ovy’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 27 | Very cl’r: no A.B, to 10": zod., light still bright and conspie. at 8}". 28 Ov’t. No obs. possible to 10" at least. 29' Very clear. No A.B. to 10". 30| Very clear. No A.B, to 10". May 1 Clear most of evening. No A.B. to 10". 2|Clear after about 8". No A.B. to 10%. 3 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 4 M’y cl’r, but more cl’y in N. than elsewhere: no A.B. seen to 9}", but 5|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. [obs. embarrassed. 6)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10": at 112 n’y clear but hazy: no A.B. then. 7|Clear, but hazy. No A.B. to 10°. 8 Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 9|Clear. No A.B. to 10%, 10) Ov’t, with dense haze. Obs. impos. to 10", and prob. all night. 11| Almost wholly ov’t. Obs. impos. 12/Clear. No A.B. to 10°, 13|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". [being down. 14| Clear: moon interf.: no A.B, seen to 10", and none at 114", moon 15| Ov’t. 16|Clear, but hazy. No A.B. to 10%. Moon. [ing down. 17|Clear, but hazy: no A.B. to 10"; none from 2" to 3" a. M., moon be- 18/Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9". 19 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 20|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 91/Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10%. 22 Ov’t and raining part of time: obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all night. 23|Clear.. Moon. No A.B. to 10°. 24 Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 95|Clear.: Moon. No A.B. to 10%. 26| Mostly clear to 93"; after that ov’t. No A.B. 27, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 1034, and doubtless all night. 28|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10%. 29 Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. 30|Clear. No A.B. to 1034. 31|Clear. No A.B. to 10". June 1/|Clear. No A.B. to 934.* 2|/Clear. No A.B. at 114°. Within doors from 9" to 11. 3/Clear. No A.B. to 934. 4/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 105* 5|Clear in N. and W. No A.B. to 92". 6 7 8 | Very clear. No A.B. to 10°. Ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 10%, and doubtless later. Ov’t. . Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 9) Ov’t; misty. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. 10| Very clear. No A.B. to 93". 11|Clear. No A.B. to 10". 12!Clear. Moon begins to interfere. No A.B. to 10", June 1st.—About this time Mr. Francis Bradley also commenced an Auroral Register at New Haven. June 4th.—A very considerable display of the A.B. seen at Rochester, N. Y. A zone from E. to W. about 9h; then merry dancers in N., and after midnight, waves. See an account of the display, signed “‘ Howard,” in the American Citizen, Rochester, N. Y., June 11th. 1842. June 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 July Herricks Auroral Register. 51 Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t with some rain: obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t, with slight rain: obs. impos. to 10}4, and doubtless all night. Ov’t and showery. Obs. impos. to 1034, and doubtless. all night. Mostly ovy’t, and some rain: obs. impos. to 10", and prob. all night. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B, seen to 10". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Mostly ov’t. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", and obs. nearly impos.! Ov’t. Obs. impos, to 10", and probably all night. Mostly ov’t in N. Obs. impos. to 104", and probably later. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" 20", “and probably all night. Clear after 9". No A.B. to 10". Thunder shower from 73" to 834, Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all bighe Ov’t, and obs. impos. to 11" at least. Clear at sunset. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11" at least. Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 103". Ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 103.* Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. P’y cl’r, but very hazy; m’y ov’t after 10": obs. 1’ y or quite impos, Very hazy: no stars vis. below alt. of 40°: obs. n’y impos. to 105, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. [and d’s all night. Mostly ov’t; wholly so after 10": obs. impos. to 105", and p. all n't. Ovwt. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Clear. No A.B. to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 10%.* (215) Clear, somewhat hazy about N. horizon.* Clear: moon begins to interfere: no A.B, seen to 10°. Ov’t except in S. Obs. impos. to 103". Ov’t. Obs. impos, to 10", and probably all night. Nearly clear after 10". Moon.* Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°, Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. Owt. Obs. impos. to 92", and doubtless all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 92%. | Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10}. iClear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 11%. After about 84" ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and prob. much later. Much ov’t. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. to 92". No A.B. noticed. Many cirrous cl’ds and much haze about N.: obs. n’y impos. to 10°, CI’ss, but hazy: moon after 9": no A.B. seen, but obs. uncertain. Ov’t almost wholly to 10". Obs. impos, Dense haze up to alt. of 40°: obs. n’y impos, to 11": no A.B, seen. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless later. |\Clear. No A.B. to 11". Within from 93" to 115. Ovt. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. July 2d.—A narrow opening through clouds in N. horizon. Perhaps some unusual light be- yond, but doubtful. July 1ith.—From 2h to 3h a.m. of 12th there was a fine auroral arch in N. July 12th.—No A.B. to 10h; although about 10h I suspected a very slight auroral bank in Santh probably none. July 16th.—Some slight cloudiness in N. illumined by the moon. Probably no A.B. to 10h 15m, but observation necessarily uncertain. 52 1842. Aug. Sept. OMI nanrrkwonds KH Herrick’s Auroral Register. Very clear. No A.B. to 10}2.* Clear. No A.B. to 10°, Ov’t, with dense haziness, almost completely. Obs. impos. to 10*. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t; raining after 103". Obs. impos. to 104*, and d’s all night. Ov’t, with cl’ds and haze; some stars visible. Obs. impos. to 103°. Ov’t; some rain. Obs. impos. to 9$", and doubtless all night. Partly ov’t: no A.B. to 11", or Vg n’t, but sky most of time cl’y. Ov’t to 93", after that m’y cl’r till about midnight: no A.B. to 12%. 10|P*y clear to 11>; after which, d’g rest of n’t, ov’t: no A.B. to 11". ‘Mostly ov’t in N.; clear in 8. Obs. impos, to 10°. Ov’t. Obs, impos. to 10", and probably all night. |Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10. 14 Ov’t in N. and elsewhere. Obs. impos. to 10", Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9%. Ov’t for the most part. Moon. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 10°. }Ov’t; rain about 115. Obs. impos. Mostly clear to 9", after that ov’t. Moon. No A.B. seen. Clear, but hazy about horizon. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". ‘Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 94%. None from 114° to 124". Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10°. 3|Clear. Moon.* Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10, and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 115, and doubtless later. Mostly clear after 9", No A.B. to 935. Very clear. No A.B. to 10%. 30| Very clear. No A.B. to 10%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94%, and probably all night. Clear.” No A.B. to 10°. Very clear.* (216) Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless later. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless later. |Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Clear. No A.B. to 1045. Within doors from 8 to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 947. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all night; raining most of night. Nearly clear, No AB. fo oi 7 r ‘ early clear. o A.B. to 93". Clear. No A.B. to 93%. Mostly clear: moon: no A.B, to 10", Thunder storm about 11°. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t.- Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Aug. Ist.—A very faint light in N. from Ursa Major to Perseus, about 5° altitude, which I suppose may be zodiacal. Aug. 22d.—No A.B. to 10h 30m, unless a luminous stripe which I saw at 10h 10m was auroral. It was a dim belt extending from E. to W., not seen lower than about 40° on E. and 30° on W., its lower edge near 8 and y Draconis and « Cassiopeiae. No auroral appearance in N. By 10h 20m the belt was almost extinct. I am on the whole inclined to think it may have been a cloud. Sept. 2d.—Mr. F. Bradley saw several auroral streamers; about Sh 30m also slight auroral bank about 4° high. Oct. Nov. Herrvich’s Auroral Register. 53 Clear. Moon. No A.B. seento10". — [pos. aft. 8" to 10" and later. Cl’r at 73": soon aft. ov’tandr’y: moon: no A.B. seen, but obs. im- Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10" Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. M’y clear, but cloudy in N.: moon: obs. n’y or quite impos. to 9". Mostly clear. Moon interferes after 8". No A.B. seen to 10°. Clear. Moon interferes in part. No A.B. seen to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Moon after 9". Clear. No A.B. to 105. Clear, but som’t hazy. No A.B.to10", [E. C. H. at New York.] Clear. No A.B. seen to 9%.* (217) M’y cl’r to 9", after which too el’y for obs. No A.B. to 9", Clear. No A.B. to 102. Clear, except low cloud in N. No A.B. to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 9°. Clear. No A.B. to 105. Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear most of evening. No A.B. to 10°. Ov’t most of evening. Obs. impos. to 10°. [n’y impos. Ov’t chiefly; at 10" p’y cl’r in E. and 8.E.: no A.B. seen, and obs. Mostly c’r: moon begins to interf.: no A, B. to 10": within most of Clear. Moon interferes. No A.B. seen to gh, [evening. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 103%. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10°. Hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", but obs. necessarily uncertain. Hazy, and thinly clouded in N. Moon. Obs. une. No A.B. seen. Mostly ov’t: moon: obs. impos. to 10", and prob. most of night. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", Clear most of evening; cloudy at 10". No A.B. to 10%. Moon. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless much later. Clear. -No A.B. to. 10°. [d’s all night. Ov’t at 9" and aft.: before too hazy for obs.: obs. impos. to 10", and Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10° at least. Clear at New York. No A.B. to 10°. Clear at New York. No A.B. to 10°. Clear at New York. No A.B. to 10". [from N. Y.] N’y cl’r, but hazy about hor. : no A, B.to10"%, [E.C. H. on passage Very hazy below alt. of 20°: obs. n’ y impos. to 10"; no A.B. seen. Very hazy below alt of 30°: obs. n’ iv impos. to 9": no A.B. seen. Too hazy for obs. below alt. of 30°. No A.B. seen to 94°. Clear. No A.B. to 10%, Clear.* Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear, but somewhat hazy. No A.B. to 9}. Too cloudy for obs. to 10" at least, and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Sept. 28th.—Auroral streamers seen about 11h by Mr. W. B. Bristol and Mr. R. W. Forbes. Noy. 3d.—Some faint illumination suspected about 9h 30m, but doubtful whether any A.B. Dec. 1 24 25 Herrick’s Auroral Register. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Ov’t most of ev’g; clearing away at 9", but ov’t in N. to 10" at least. Clear early in evening: moon interferes: no A.B.: ov’t after 9".* C’r: moon: no A.B, according to Mr. F. Bradley’s obs. : I ¢’d not Ov’t, with some rain, Obs. impos. to 10" at least. [observe. Somewhat cloudy. Moon. No A.B. seen. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. Alt wh’y ov’t: obs. nearly or quite impos. to 103": ov’t in morn. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 11", and throughout the night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 8". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", Clear after about 63>.* Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 11". Clear until about 8°. No A.B. After that ov’t. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10", Ov’t: obs. impos. to 10"; p’y el’r between 10" and 11", but cl’y in N. Clr early part of ev’g: no A.B.: ov’t at 9" and after; p. all night. Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Clear. No A.B. to 11’. Clear. No A.B. to 11". Ovy’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 9°, and doubtless all night. Clr and violent cold wind: no A.B, to 12": within most of the time. Clear to about 9". No A.B. After that ov’t. Clear. No A.B. to 103°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and raining: obs. impos. to 10"; clearing off about that time.* Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. P’y el’r until about 8"; after that ov’t: moon interf.: no A.B. seen. Ovy’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t to about 74°; clear to about 93": moon interf.: no A.B. vis. Partly el’r in N. from 6" to 74": moon: no A.B.: too el’y aft. to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t to 11", and doubtless all night. Obs. impos. Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Clear most of evening. Moon. No A.B. seen to 11". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103". Clear and cloudy by turns: moon: no A.B, seen to 10"; obs. imperf. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103”; and doubtless later. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. M’y cl’rto 8": no A.B.: aft. p’y el’y and moon interf. : oy’t in morn. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11" at least. Very clear. No A.B. to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 11°. Clear early in evening. No A.B. After 8" ov’t to 10" at least. Nov. 10th.—Probably no A.B., although at times there appeared to be some unusual light among the fleecy clouds in N.; perhaps only lunar illumination. pitts Nov. 21st.—A considerable display of the A.B., commencing as early as 6h, and continuing as Jate as 10h 30m at least. There was no great activity. About 90° horizontal extent illumined, and no streamers reached above 35° while I watched. There was frequently a well defined arch; then large luminous spots; occasional streamers. : Dec. 5th.—At 2h a.m. of 6th the sky was clear, and there appeared to be some auroral light in N., but not certain. 1842. Dec. 26 27 28 29 30 31 1843. 1 a | Feb. 1 10 val Herrich’s Auroral Register. 55 \Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", Clear at daybreak of 28th. Clear. No A.B. to 105. Ov’t and snowing copiously: obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all night.* Clear. No A.B. to 11%. Clear. No A.B. to 117. Cl’y in part; tolerably cl’r about 11": no A.B. to 11": ov’t in morn. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 12", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 11". No A.B. between 5" and 6" of 4th. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10". Oy’t. Obs, impos. to 105", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and drizzly. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Ov’t, misty and rainy. Obs. impos. to 11", and d’s all night. Oy’t and drizzly. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t, misty. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Ov’t, misty and showery. Obs. impos. to 11", and d’s all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 102", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and misty. Obs. impos. to 105", and doubtless all night. |Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. ‘Mostly cloudy. Moon. No A.B, seen to 11", and obs. n’y impos. ‘Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10%. Could not myself observe. ‘Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 93°. \Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10%. Clear. No A.B. to 11%. Much clouded, Obs. nearly impos. No A.B. seen to 11". Tolerably clear. No A.B. seen to 11". Clear. No A.B. to 1147. Clear. No A.B. to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 113". Considerably clouded about the N.* |Very clear. No A.B. to 11. Very clear. No A.B. to 11°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 12", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos, to 11" at least.* Clear. No A.B. to 11. M’y ov’t: obs. nearly if not quite impos. to 11", and d’s all night. Ov’t early in ev’g; cl’ring about 9"; at 112 very cl’r: no A.B. then. Ov’t most of ev’g; p’y cl’r before 8", but obs. n’y impos.: no A.B, Clear. No A.B. to 103%. [seen, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and probably all night. Al’t entirely ov’tin N.: obs. n’y or quite impos. to 11", and p. all n’t. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Obse. by cl’ds: moon interf.: no A.B, seen to 10": obs. imperfect. CVr early in ev’g; after 8}" too cl’y for obs, to 103": no A.B. seen. Mostly clear. No A.B. seen to 105". Moon. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 113%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Dec. 29th.—About 9h, while snow was falling thick and fast, the burning of a Paper Mill very near West Rock (three miles distant) caused an appearance in the heavens like that of the great Aurora Borealis of Nov. 14th, 1857, 6h p. M.; the entire concave being illuminated with a fine rosy light. Jan. 24th.—A luminous spot in the N.N.W. about 9h 15m; caused, without doubt, by a burn- ing barn at Watertown. Jan. 28th.—A.B. seen at Edinburgh. R. D. Paul, Jameson’s Edin. New Philos. Jour., April, 184, p. 376; no details. March 1 — S&S © CO aT G& Or > & bb Herrick’s Auroral Register. Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 10%. Moon. No A.B. seen. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. M’y cl’r: moon: no A.B. seen to 114": within doors most of ev’g. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Too cloudy for obs. most of evening. At 11" nearly clear. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless later. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Clear most of evening. No A.B. to 103": at 11" ov’t. Ov’t until about 9"; after that mostly clear. No A.B. to 10" Very clear. No A.B. to 103". Partly clear, but hazy. No A.B. seen to 103". Clear. No A.B. to 103*. Mostly clear, but at times ov’t in N. No A.B. to 93%. Clear. No A.B. to 11". Within doors most of evening. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. Ov’t most of ev’e; c’rto 7° andat11": no A.B. either time. [F.B.] Clear. No A.B. to 10%, and none at 43° to 5" of 34d. Clear. No A.B. to 103". Very clear. No A.B. to 103%. Very clear. Moon begins to interfere. No A.B. seen to 10°. Very clear. Moon.* (218) Clear. No A.B. to 10". Almost wholly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11". Cl’r in part, but obs. much embarrassed: moon: no A.B. seen to 10%. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 11, and doubtless all night. Very clear. Moon. No A.B. certainly seen.* Wholly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and raining: obs. impos. to midnight: cl’ds then breaking up. Very clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. Ov’t. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. to 9". Ov’t; snowing after 8". Obs. impos. to 10", Clear. A decided A.B. to 8", when the moon rose.* (219) AV’t wh’y ov’t: obs. impos. to 10": partly clear after 103" to 113, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10%. Mostly clear to 8"; after that too cloudy for obs. : no A.B. seen to 8. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 93". Almost wholly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. Clear to about 10", when the sky was hazy: no A.B. seen: within Clear. No A.B. to 93° [doors most of evening. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10%. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10°. Ov’t; snowing and rain. Obs. impos. to 11", and d’s all night. Ov’t to 7"; m’y cl’rat 9", but soon grew hazy: no A.B. seen to 103", Tolerably clear. No A.B. to 103".* March 6th.—Fine display of the A.B. Light first seen as soon as darkness permitted obser- vation, about 7h. Seen as late as 11h; not watched very thoroughly. Scarcely any streamers ; a distinct arch 5° or 8° high at times, and luminous spots in the arch. About 100° on horizon illumined. Scarcely any trace visible at 4h 30m a. M. of 7th. March 11th.—Yet there seemed to be some unusual light around the N. horizon. Probably — not an A.B. March 17th.—None seen after to 9h, but no careful observation made. A general auroral light in N. horizon; no streamers reported. Being occupied, did not see the A.B. : March 29th.—A.B. seen at Dunse and Makerstoun, Scotland.—Mentioned in London Athe- neum, May, 1843. 1843. Mar. 30 31 April 1 Ferrick’s Auroral Register. 57 Ov’t, and obs, impos, to 11", and doubtless all night. Ov’t; sleet falling, Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 104°. Very clear. Moon begins to interfere; setting at 93°. Very clear. Moon interferes. No A.B, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 104%, and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". Clouds then breaking up.* Clear. Moon interferes.* (220) Mostly cl’r until about 9"; after that n’y ov’t: moon: no A.B, seen. Chiefly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103". Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 12", Within most of the time. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10". None from 1* to 25 of 12th. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 1034. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11". Began to sprinkle about 11°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and foggy. Obs. impos. to 11, and doubtless all night. Very hazy: stars vis. above alt. of 20° or 30°: no A.B, seen to 105. Ov’t; gentle rain. Obs. impos. to 113", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Very clear. No A.B. to midnight. Clear. No A.B. to 11". Al’t wholly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t; slight drizzle. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night.* Clear. No A.B, to 12". Within doors most of evening. Al’t wholly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Almost wholly ov’t. Obs. impos., or nearly so, to 105. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. [No A.B. seen. M’y ov’t: stars seen above alt. of 35°: obs. n’y impos. to 10" at least. Ov’t and rainy. Obs..impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 2|Clear. No A.B. to 10". Within from 8 to 10°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94 at least. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10". Sufficiently clear in N. to 83%. Moon. No A.B. seen: at 93" ov’t. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night.* Ov’t, clouds broken at times. Obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all night. Clear in N. Moon. No A.B. to 10°. Nearly ov’t with broken clouds. Obs. impos. to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Nearly ov’t; clear along N. horizon. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10".* Som’t obse. by haze and thin clouds: moon: no A.B, seen to 10°. April 5th.—A.B. seen at Edinburgh, April 5th and 6th.—R. D. Paul, Jameson’s Edin. New Phil. Jour., 1844, p. 378. No details. April 6th.—A.B. visible all the evening, but I did not watch it specially. I saw no streamers, but only irregular spots and luminous arcuate banks. About 8h there was an arch nearly 20° high. April 23d.—A.B, seen at Edinburgh. R. D. Paul, Jameson’s Edin. New Phil. Jowr., April, 1844, p. 378; no details. May 6th.—A.B. seen in France. Comptes Rendus, xvi, p. 1092, ete. May 13th.—Something like an auroral belt seen in New York City between 12h 30m and 1h A. M.; a streak spanning the hemisphere from N.W. to 8.E.—N. Y. Zvangelist, May 18th, 1843. 8 June July 3 Herrick’s Auroral Register. Hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 11%. Within from 8}* to 11%, Clear. No A.B. to 10". Cloudy at 11". [F. B.] Dense haze: most of stars obse. : obs. n’y imp. to 10": no A.B. susp.* Hazy: no A.B. seento 10": a faint aur. c’d not have been detected. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. Clear. No A.B. to 10". Cloudless, but hazy. No A.B. to 10?. [have been seen. Cloudless, but hazy: no A.B, seen to 10°: a faint display could not Ov’t after close of twilight to 10". Obs. inmpos.* Serene and beautiful. No A.B. to 103". Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and prob. all night. [have been seen. P’y cl’r; obse. about hor.: no A.B. seen to 93": a faint A.B. ed not Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Clear. No A.B. to 102. Too hazy and cloudy for obs. to 10", and doubtless later. Mostly clear. Moon begins to interfere. No A.B. to 103?. Cloudless, but hazy. No A.B. to 10". Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10” at least. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10, and probably all night. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and probably all night. Nearly clear. Moon interferes. No A.B. seen to 103%. Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 103". [105 and 11", Ov’t: obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all night: thunder shower between Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. observed to 10". Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. noticed to 10". Within to 93". Serene and beautiful. Moon. No A.B. to 103%, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10°. Considerably obscured by clouds and haze. No A.B. seen to 16°. Beautifully clear between 9° and 10", and perhaps later. . Clear. No A.B. to 103%. Very clear. No A.B. to 10% Clear and beautiful. No A.B. to 104, Clear. No A.B. to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 11°. Very clear. No A.B. to 115. Clear. No A.B. to 1134. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11 at least. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 115. Clear. No A.B. to 10"; somewhat hazy. Mostly ov’t in N. to 10"; about 104" tolerably clear, and no A.B, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. Clear. A slight A.B.; first noticed about 10".* (221) Clear, yet hazy and dusty about horizon. No A,B, to 104%, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. Clear and splendid. No A.B. to 11". May 17th.—A.B., moderate, seen by Mr. Thos. R. Dutton at Litchfield, Ct. May 23d.—A moderate A.B. seen between clouds by Mr. Thos. R. Dutton at Goshen, Ct. June 30th.—Watched about half an hour. A general illumination, at times quite bright through about 50° of horizon, extending upward 3° or 4°, A dim, low arch, but I saw no streamers. 20} Herrick’s Auroral Register. 59 Ov’t for the most part. Obs. impos. to 10". Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10". Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 944. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 11}. Mostly clear; floating clouds. Moon. No A.B. to 10". Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", Ov’t in N. Obs. impos. to 10}. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11}. Very clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 11", Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103". Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", ‘Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 1044. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 104%, and probably all night. Clear. No A.B. to 103*.* [ Within from 9" to 11". Cl’r to 103": no A.B, according to F. B,: ov’t at 11", and obs. impos. Clear, very clear. No A.B. to 93". Beautifully clear. No A.B. to 1044. Mostly clear except in N. No A.B. seen to 10", but obs. uncertain. i\Clear. No A.B. to 935. Ov’t to 9" or 94", and obs. impos. Mostly clear; some narrow clouds in N. A.B. seen.* (222) Clear, although somewhat hazy. No A.B. to 10}. Clear. No A.B: to 11}. Clear after 9". No A.B. to 10°. ‘Mostly clear. No A.B. to 93". Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 93%, and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and probably all night. M’y cl’r after 9"; cl’ds chiefly in N.: no A.B. to 103": obs. impertf. Dense haze ; obs. below alt. of 20° n’y impos.: no A.B. susp. to 10}. ‘Clear. Moon interferes. No A.B. seen to 103", Clear; moon: no A.B, seen to 10}". [Noneat 2" a.m. (F. B.)] Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and d’sall night. Heavy shower in night. Ov’t: obs. impos. to 9" at least, and to 1044 as reported: clear from Ov’t to 93", and doubtless all night. Obs. impos. — [12" to morn. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and d’s all night. Raining after 12". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and raining to 104° at least. Obs. impos. during whole night. M’y ov’t: moonatintervals: obs. n’y impos. to 9", and d’s later. Fleecy cl’ds obse. the N. at times: moon: no A.B. seen, but obs. une. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9". Clear to 10". Moon. No A.B. Very clear. No A.B. Splendidly clear most of evening. No A.B. to midnight. Splendidly clear to 10" at least. No A.B. to 10% Clear. No A.B. to 11°. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Ov’t and r’y about 935 and onward: obs. impos. to 10", and all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and no doubt all night. July 18th.—Nathaniel R. Clark, Esq., informs me that at Saratoga, N. Y., he saw between 9b and 10b an A.B. in the west: perhaps it is a mistake. July 25th.—A moderate display observed from 9h to 10h, and going on at 10h, A horizontal extent of about 80° illumined; groups of streamers shot up here and there, soon fading; not ee ant: reaching at the highest about 25° or 30°. Some of the streamers moved west- wardly. Herrick’s Auroral Register. Aug. 22, Ov't. Obs. impos. to 94", and doubtless all night.* Sept. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Clear, but somewhat hazy. No A.B. to 11}. Clear. No A.B. to11", Mostly clear. No A.B. to 1034. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Ov’t chiefly. Obs. nearly impos. to 12", No A.B. seen. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11". Clear. No A: b!to a0% Clear. No A.B. to 103". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11, and probably all night. [seen, M’y cl’r: moon: no A.B. to 104": amod. display e’d not have been Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11), Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11}. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 114. Clear and beautiful. Moon interferes. No A.B. seen to 103%, Very clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 945, and doubtless all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 102%. Much obscured by clouds. Moon. Probably no A.B. to 10*.* Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10}", and no doubt all night. No obs. to 8". Aft. ov’t and obs. impos. to 10, and prob. all night. Exceedingly clear. No A.B. to 11°. CPr until about 8", and no A.B.: after that ov’t to 10", and p. all n’t. Clear in §. early in ev’g; mostly ov’t by 8"; obs. impos. to 10". About half clear; scattered clouds and some haze. No A.B. to 10%, Almost wholly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and probably all night, Mostly clear. No A.B. to 115. Clear. No A.B. to 103%. Clear, No A.B. to 103". Clear. No A.B. to 10". Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 104", and probably all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. Very clear. A.B. from 745.* (223) Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10%. 29!Clear. Moon interferes. No A.B. seen to 834. 30|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10". Oct, 1|/Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 2)Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 105. 3|Clear, except cloudy in N. after 10". Moon. No A.B. to 10°. 4|Mostly ov’t in N. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9", but obs. n’y impos, 5|Half clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 11", but obs. very imperfect. 6| Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9%, and probably all night. 7|Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 93", and no doubt all night. 8)/Ov’t. Obs. impos, to 10". 9| Nearly clear, Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. 10|Clear. Moon, No A.B. seen to 10". Aug, 22d.—A.B. seen at Edinburgh. R. D. Paul, Jameson’s Edin. New Phil. Jour., April, 1844, p. 378: no details. Sept. 13th.—Yet through an opening in the clouds in the north there seemed to be some un- usual light, but probably it was nothing more than moonlight. . Sept. 27th.—Sundry streamers 8° or 10° high and spots; arch 3° or 4° high. Nov. 29 30 Herrich’s Auroral Register. 61 Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10}. Ov’t to about 944, when cl’ds began to break up. Obs. impos. to 94". Clear. No A.B. to 103". Very clear. m’y ov’t about N. 7|Mostly ovy’t and showery. Obs. impos. to 11", and prob. all night. 8|Much clouded. No A.B. discernible to 10", but obs. imperfect. 9|Ov’t; thunder shower about 10": obs. impos. to 10", and d’s later. 10|Partly cloudy. No A.B. noticed to 103". 11|Very clear. No A.B. to 11°. 12'Clear. No A.B. to 10%. May 8th.—At Manlius, N. Y., Mr. William Smith saw a faint auroral light at 10h; saw no streamers. May 14th.—Observation nearly impossible. At Manlius, N. Y., Mr. William Smith saw the A.B. from 9h 20m to 10h 20m; two arches, and several streamers, some quite bright. May 22d.—A considerable display of A.B. from 8h 45m to 9; a bank, horizontal extent about 20°, and some fine streamers, 10? high. [F. B.] 9 66 1844. June 13 14 July Aug. 1 Herrich’s Auroral Register. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10%, and doubtless later. Ov’t principally before 9". At 11" clear, and no A.B, Clear. No A.B. to 1044, Beautifully clear. No A. Le: to 10%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to midnight. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 105. Mostly clear. No A.B. from 10" to 11". Within earlier. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Cloudy to 9"; cleared Between 9 and 10". Moon interferes.* Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and probably later. Mostly ov’t in N.: moon: obs. nearly impos. to 103" at least. | Much cl’ded early inev’g: moon: quite cl’r from 10" to 12": no A.B. Scattered clouds. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", but obs. imperfect. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 102. Som’t cl’ded, but sufficiently c’rin N.: moon: no A.B. seen to 10". Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 104". Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 10", and prob. all night. Clear. No A.B. to 10°; none at 2 a.m. of 4th; the moon) then up. Much cl’ded in N.; no A.B. susp. : obs. nearly i impos. to 104” at least. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 104", and d’s all night. [obs. imperfect. M’y cPr: long cloud in N. and E., and Ptning: : no A.B. seen to 104° ; Very clear. No A.B. to 10}*. Clear. No A.B. to 1024. Mostly ov’t, especially in N.: obs. impos. to 104, and p. all night. Ov’t; thunder shower after 9": obs. impos. to 10", and d’s later. Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 10° and later. M’y ov’tin N. after 83": obs. nearly or quite impos. to 10" at least. M’y ov’t to 10", obs. impos.: aft. 10" p’y el’r: no A.B. seen to 103". M’y ov’t to 94° ; at 10" cl’r above alt. of 25°: no A.B. seen to 10d, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and d’s all night. [A.B. seen to 102. Ov’t to between 9" and 10"; then tolerably cPr except low in N.; no M’y ov’tto1l": no A.B. seen, but obs. imperfect: very cl’r in morn, Clear. No A.B. to 103. Rain; cleared at 94": tolerably clear in N. at 93", and no A.B. Clear. No A.B. to 103". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to a and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10}", and doubtless later. Mostly ov’t. Obs. ce to 94%, and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94%, and doubtless all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10}. Clear. Moon. No A.B, seem to 934, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Thinly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Too cloudy about the N. for obs. to gh, and probably all night. Ov’t to 10%, and doubtless all night. Obs. impos. Almost wholly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. — June 22d.—No A.B. seen to 10h 15m, but some unusual light suspected, yet very doubtful. 1844. Aug. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10| Te 12 Herrick’s Auroral Register. 67 Beautifully clear. No A.B. to 10%. Beautifully clear. No A.B. to 103", Mostly ov’t; clear openings occasionally. No A.B. seen to 10}, Tolerably clear, but hazy about the N. No A.B. seen to 103°, Nearly clear. No A.B. to 10°. ‘Mostly ov’t to 11", Obs. nearly impos. [A.B. at Nantucket. ] Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10"; cleared up during the night. |Clear. A slight A.B. seen.* (230) Clear. No A.B. seen to 11", but within doors most of the time. 13|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", aud doubtless later. 14) Mostly clear. No A.B. to 11", Within most of the time. 15 Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to midnight. 16 Mi 18 19 20 21 22) 23 24 25 26 27 28 | 29 | 30 31 Sept. OBTAARWNH HE 10 11 13 Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9". Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear, but hazy about horizon. No A.B. to 94°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and probably all night. M’y ov’t: moon interferes : obs. n’y impos. to 1032; no A.B. seen. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 11". W ithin most of time. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clr, except clouds in N.: shower about 8": moon: no A.B. seen to Mostly ov’t: moon: obs. impos. to 105%. [11>: obs. imperf. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10” at least. ‘Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. M’y ov’t, especially in N.: moon: obs. impos. to 104", and p. all n’t. Ov’t. Thunder shower between 9" and 10. Obs. impos. to 103%, Clearin part. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103", but cl’ds impair obs.* ‘Mostly clear. Moon. A.B. suspected towards 9°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably later. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10"; clouds then breaking up. Ov’t; some rain d’g night: obs. impos. to 10", and d’s much later. Clear. No A.B. to 1044. Clear. No A.B. to 103. Clear. No A.B. to 103". Clear. No A.B. to 103. Clear. No A.B. to 102. |Clear. No A.B. to 10". [F. B.] Could not myself observe. Clear early in evening g; mostly ov’t at 10". No A.B. to 10%. ‘Clear, but hazy about horizon. No A.B. to 8}". “Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 12| ‘Mostly ov’t. No A.B. seen to 11", but obs. necessarily imperfect, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 14 Nearly clear, but hazy about horizon. No A.B. seen to 11°. 15 16 i 18 19 20 Very clear. No A.B. to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 103%. Clear. No A.B. to 1034. Clear. Moon interferes. No A.B. seen to 104°. ‘Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 104}, Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 11". Aug. 11th.—At 9h 50m, five or six streamers in N. horizon, extending about 4° high, disap- peared in about five minutes. At 10h 50m, a single streamer visible about five minutes. No other auroral signs during the night. Aug. 29th. —At Homer, Cortland Co., N. Y., A.B. seen; first noticed about 9h 40m; an arch or bank, wide and bright, 75° to 90° chord ; then streamers 20° to 40° high. At 10h dense fog and clouds. Mass. Communicated by Mr. E. D. Selden. A.B. said to have been seen at Cambridge, 68 Flerrick’s Auroral Register. Sept. 21| Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103". 22'Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 105, 23/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°, 24, Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and probably all night. 25/Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 11}", and doubtless all night. 26|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9. [most of ev’g. 27; M’ycl’r: ov’t thinly from 8" to 10": moon: no A.B. to 115: within 28) Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 29 Clouds breaking away, but too cloudy for obs. to 93". 30) Mostly clear after 9". Moon. No A.B. seen to 103*,* Oct. 1/Clear. Moon in part. No A.B. seen to 104%. 2) Mostly clear. No A.B. to 934. 3 Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 94%, and doubtless all night. 4|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 1024. 5| Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10°. 6 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and d’s all night. Rain during the night. 7| Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10}. 8/Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 9 Cloudless, but very hazy toward horizon, No A.B. to 103". |Mostly clear. No A.B. to 103. 11)Clear. No A.B. to 105. 12} Very clear. No A.B. to 10}. 13) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 14, Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 115, and doubtless all night. 15) P’y el’r, but hazy, to 10", then ov’t: obs. unc.: no A.B. seen or susp. 16| Nearly cl’ss; hazy about hor.: no A.B, seen to 103": obs. imperfect. 17 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 18 Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 1044, and doubtless all night. 19|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10}. 20) Mostly clear. Moon.* (231) 21 Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 11}, and doubtless all night. 22|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 11}. 23/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 11". 24|Mostly ov’t in N. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 103”. 25 M’y cl’r, but patches of clouds in N.: moon: no A.B. seen to 103". 26) M’y cl’r; haze; cirrous streaks in N.: moon: no A.B, seen to 10$*. 27 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 28) Ov’t and drizzling. Obs. impos. to 104", and doubtless all night. 29)Ov’t to 10"; at 103" m’y cl’r; low cl’dsin N. and E.: moon: no A.B. 30 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 31|Clear. No A.B. to 103°. Moon rose about 9. Nov. 1/Clear. No A.B. to 105. 2|Clear, but hazy about horizon. No A.B. seen to 10}. 3)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. 4, Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 934, and doubtless all night. 5 6 a S Mostly clear. A.B. slightly suspected at 945. [F. B.]* Clear: slight A.B. at 84°, and at 12": nostreamers. [F. B.]* (232) Sept. 30th.—Some unusual light in north suspected between 10h and 11h, Oct. 20th.—Suspected some auroral light towards 9h; saw no streamers; may have been only haze illumined by the moon, Retired at 9h, [A very considerable A.B, about midnight, and as early as 10h 30m, A fine arch and numerous dancing streamers. See New Haven Morning Courier, Oct. 24th. | Noy. 5th.—E, C. H. at Hartford. Clear: no A.B, to 10h 30m, Between Sh and 9b saw sundry flashes low in the south. Nov. 6th.—E. C. H. at New Britain. Mostly clear, but clouds about N. No A.B. surely seen to 8h, yet suspected. Persons abroad later report a slight A.B. Dee. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 69 Clear. No A.B. to 8". [quite clear: no A.B. Clear to 7": no A.B.: aft. 8" sky much obse. to 10": from 10" to 115 Mostly clear, but hazy about N. No A.B. to 10", Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94": clear from 10" to 11"; flashes in S.W. Ov’t chiefly to 9"; from 9" to 10" cl’ss but misty: no A.B. seen to 10". Ov’t; rainy to 114", p. alln’t. [F. B.] E.C.H. on Hudson river; ov’t. Ov’t to 9", except clear streak in N. Cleared at 9}°.* Very clear. No A.B. to 944. [F. B.] Moon to 83". Clear. No A.B. to 11"; at 11" somewhat cloudy in N. [F. B.]* © Considerably clouded. A.B. seen from about 73" to 10".* — (233) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Rainy night. Cl’ red off about 8": moon: no A.B, at 9" and none at 114°. [F. B.] Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9". [F. B.] Much clouded. Moon. No A.B. to 11%. [F. B.] Ov’t to 11", and doubtless all night. [F. B.] Ov’t to 10", and doubtless later. [F. B.] Mostly clear in N. Moon. No A.B. seen to 105. Clear. No A.B. seen to 10%. Within doors from 7" to 95. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 104}. Ov’t; sleet early inev’g. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless later. Mostly ov’t; wholly soin N. Obs. impos. to 11", and d’s later. Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Ov’t to 10$", and doubtless all night. Ov’t early part of evening. Clear at 9". No A.B. to 10%, Clear. No A.B. to 103%. Ov’t to 103", and doubtless all night. Obs. impos. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11, and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Ov’t early part of evening. Cleared about 83". No A.B. to 103". Very clear. No A.B. to 944. Tolerably clear to 10"; four-fifths ov’t at 102". No A.B. to 104+. Clear. No A.B. to 11°. Snowing from 5" until after 10": obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all n’t. Clear, No A.B. to 11°. Ov’t to 9": within 9" to 10": clring bet’n 10" and 11": no A.B. seen, Mostly clear. Within from 64> to 9*.* (234) Ovtearly; at 9" n’y cl’r except in N.; at 103% cl’r: moon: no A.B. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 104", and probably later. M’y cl’r except in N.:-obs. n’y impos. to 103": cl’rat 12": no A.B. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11), and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. to 11". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and probably all night. Ov’t, drizzle. Obs. impos. to 92", and doubtless all night. Rain and snow, with violent wind: obs. impos. to 11", and d’s later. Cl’y in N. to 7", and from 9* to 10}": within 7* to 9": obs. n’y impos. Noy. 18th.—No A.B. to 9h 30m; suspected at 11h 30m, [F. B.] E.C. H. at Albany. Mostly clear, and no A.B. to 10h, Nov. 15th.—E. C. H. at New York. Clear; suspected A.B. about 9h, but very doubtful. Nov. 16th.—Numerous streamers, generally not above 10h, dancing more or less; obscured by clouds. E. C. H. coming up Long Island Sound. Dec. i4th.—From 9h to 10h 30m saw the A.B.; about 70° horizontal extent illumined about 3° or 4° high. I saw no streamers, but could not watch many minutes at atime. Moon be- gins to interfere. 70 Herrick’s Auroral Register. Dec. 25| Partly clear: moon: too cloudy about N. for obs. to 103". 26|M’y cl’r to 7°; cy to 10"; p’y el’r bet’n 10" and 11"; ov’t at 11": no 27|Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 9", and p. all n’t. [A.B.: moon. 28|Clear. No A.B..to 10°. 29}Clear. A.B. visible all the evening.” (235) 30| Mostly clear. No A.B, to 103? 31}Clear to 10", and no A.B. At 103» , wholly ov’t. 1| Mostly clear, but hazy at times. No A.B. to 11". 2| Very clear. No A.B. to 10}4 3}Ov’t; raiming at 10" and after. Obs. impos. to 11". 4|Very hazy. Obs. impos. to 10". 5| Almost wholly ov’t to 10". Obs. impos. 6|Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 12 a.m. [F. B.] 7|Clear. "No A.B. to 10". [F. B.] 8|Clear in N. Y. No A.B. to 10". 9|Partly clear. Bright A.B. seen as early as 645*. (236) 10|Clear, No A.B. at 64 +o 73", 8, OF". [FB] 11|CPr: no A.B. at 74, 84", 1ojn: oe [F..B.] Cr 10° to, 11's) ne Agia 12|M’y ov’t; at 93" py te about 10" A.B. s’tly susp.: low c?’din N. 13}Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11” at least. 14|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 103". 15|Ov’t to 10", and probably all night. Obs. impos. 16| Ov't, drizzle. Obs. impos. to 11h, and doubtless all night. 17 Ov't : rainy. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. 18|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 103°. 19|Ov’t. Moon faintly shining part of ev’g. Obs. impos. to 10". 20) Ov’t to 10", and doubtless all night. 21|Partly clear. Moon. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 10". 22)Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 8", or at 1" a.m. of 23d. Obs. imperfect. 23|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to gh, or at 1” a. at of 24th. 24/Ov’t and very stormy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 25/Ov’t to 9° at least. Obs. impos. 26) Very clear. A.B. slightly suspected.* 27|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9°. Clouding up in N. at 9°. 28|M’y c’rin N. to 8°: no A.B.: after 8" ov’t to 9", and d’s all night. 29) Partly clear, but some clouds ‘about N. No A.B. seen to 9%.* (237) 30|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 31|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Feb. 1/Clear. No A.B. to 943. 2|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 93". 3|Ov’t to 9", and doubtless all night. Obs. impos. 4|Snowing all night, with strong wind. Obs. impos. 5|Ov’t early ; cleared about vin but quite hazy to 10": no A.B. to 10". 6 | Tolerably clear to 9". No A.B, Then ov’t to 103" at least. 7|Clear. No A.B. to 103 8|Hazy to 8"; after that tolerably clear in N. No A.B. to 10}*. Dec. 29th.—Being within, did not see it until 9h; there were then small strips of clouds in the N. Much general cloudiness before. Hormone extent 80°, and 5° high. I saw no stream- ers up to 10h. [General light from 6b 30m, (F. B Jan. 9th.—Horizontal extent 90° ; ; streamers 30° or 40° high; somewhat obscured by clouds. Later very much concealed by clouds. [F. B.] E.C. H. in New York City from 6th to 11th. There, Jan. 9th, it was mostly clear; considerable A.B. all the evening. After midnight, clearer; a distinct arch, perhaps 80° horizontal extent; no streamers seen. Jan. 26th.—Moon rose at 8h 30m, No A.B. surely seen to 9h. Jan. 29th.—[At 10h clear, and think there was an A.B. Saw no streamers in five minutes. 2 Bs Herrick’s Auroral Register. " M’y cl’r, but somewhat hazy to 8"; after that cl’r: no A.B. to 93". Hazy to 7 ‘hs ; ov’t to 11 at least: obs. impos. to 11", and d’s all night. Wholly ov’t to 11" at least, and doubtless all night. Obs. impos. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10}". Most of evening more or less haze and cloudiness. Moon.* Ov’t; rain and sleet. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t, drizzle, to Jo" and later. Obs. impos. to 1044, and d’s all night. Ov’t ‘early i inev’e: at 9? and after m’y c’r: moon: no A.B. seen. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103%, and probably later. [imperfect. M’y cl’r to 73": moon: sky obstructed to 103": no A.B. seen: obs. Much obse. by haze and cl’ds: moon: obs n’y or quite impos. to 10$". Too hazy and cloudy for obs. to 103", and probably all night. Very foggy. Obs. impos. to 104%, and probably later. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and ‘doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 105, and doubtless later. Very cl’r: moon rose at 8": no A.B, to 8", and none seen aft. to 104°. Clear. A.B. seen between 8" and 9%.* (238) Clear after about 744. No A.B. to 103%. Ov’t: larger stars in zenith vis.: obs. impos, to 10", and d’s later. Clear. No A.B. to 103". Clear, but slightly hazy. No A.B. to 1044. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Very clear. No A.B. to 11°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 113", and doubtless all night. Mostly ov’t, and obs. impos. to 10" at least; at 113 clear: no A.B. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Hazy most of ev’g; at 10" ov’t: no A.B. seen to 93", nor at 104°, Hazy fore part of evening; clear after 8". No A.B. to 10°. Within from 7 to 9": mostly clear from 9" to 10'.* Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Mostly clear to 93". Moon. Ov’t to 10" and after to 11%, Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10%. Nearly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10, and at 114%, and d’s all night. Ov’t, rain. Obs. impos. to 10". Too much clouded for obs. to 10°, and prob. most of the night. Tolerably clear; flying clouds here and there. Moon.* Sky obse., cl’ds and haze: moon: obs. imperf. : no A.B. seen to 103". Mostly ov’t early part of ev’g; cleared up about 8".* N. obse. below 10°, often as high as 50°, to 103": obs. n’y impos. Partly clear, N. too much clouded for obs, to 10" at least. Very clear. Moon, No A.B. to 103°. Very clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10%, Ov’t; rain about 9". Obs. impos. to 94", and prob. all night. Ov’t, al’t wh’y: some clear spaces about 10": obs. impos. to 11}. Clear. Moon rose at 83°. No A.B. to 10". Ov’t, almost entirely. Obs. impos. to 10", and prob. all night. Feb. 13th.— No A.B. surely seen to 10h30m; but about 8h A.B. slightly suspected; very doubtful. Feb. 25th.—Are 20° horizontal extent, and numerous streamers 20° high, some very bright at base. Moon rose at 9h 45m, A.B. nearly extinct about 9h 15m, March 9th.—Clouds hanging about N. Some faint light suspected, but probably due to con- trast with clouds, to 10h. March 16th. —Occasionally the north seemed lighter than usual, but it is probably due to haze and clouds illumined by the moon. March 18th.—Some cloudiness low in the north to 10h at least. Moon. Quite light in north, due probably to moonlight on the clouds. Overcast, in N. at least, at 11h, 72 Herrick’s Auroral Register. 1845. Mar. 27|Hazy. No A.B. to 104, but a faint display w’d not have been vis. 28|Very hazy. Polaris faintly vis.: no A.B. seen to 10": obs. imperf. 29 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. 30/Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 31/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103?, and doubtless all night. April 1/Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 2|Very clear. No A.B. to 10°. 3|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10". Almost wholly ov’t at 10", 4|/Clear. No A.B. to 103%. 5 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 6;Clear. No A.B. to 934. 7;Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 8|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and probably all night. [seen to 10%, 10| Mostly clear, No A.B. to 10", Moon begins to interfere. 11 Clear. Moon interferes. No A.B. seen to 10", 12 Clear; some cirrous streaks and bands: moon: no A.B. seen to 10", 13|Hazy about horizon: violent westerly wind.* (239) 14 Clear, but somewhat hazy about hor.: moon: no A.B. seen to 103". 15) Haze and thin cl’y sheets: moon: no A.B, seen to 10": obs. imperf. 16 Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 17;Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. 18,Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 19/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and all night. Rain during night. 20 Ov’t; some rain. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 21\Ov’t. Obs. impos to 10" at least. Mostly clear at sunrise of 22d. 22)Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 92". [no A.B. seen. 23|Much clouded: moon: obs. scarcely pos. to 94°, and prob. all night : 24;/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93), and probably all night. 25)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 26|Ov’t to 9", and doubtless all night. 27|Ov’t to 104.* (240) 28/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably most of the night. 29|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 30|Cloudy early part of evening.* (241) May 1/)Almost wholly ov’t.* 2|Clear. No A.B. to 11%. 3|Mostly ov’t to 103". Obs. nearly or quite impos. 4;Ov’t; some rain. Obs. impos. to 10", and prob. most of the night. 5!Mostly ov’t to 9%. At 114" considerably ov’t.* (242) April 13th.—A fine display of the A.B. visible probably all night. At 7h 380m moon shining, and 45m before end of twilight I detected an auroral arch, obscure yet well formed, embracing about 100° horizontal extent, and about 8° high at vertex. I soon saw in and above it here and there red stains and imperfect streamers. Watched till 9h; wind uncomfortably strong. The phenomenon was constantly changing—arch breaking up, Peereening in spots, fading, reap- pearing, &c. About 8h a segment of an arch, 42°+ alt. and 80° long. Isaw but few streamers. After midnight (about 2h?) I looked and found a bright light low in N., and no streamers. I learn that between 9h 30m and 10h 30m there were many streamers, some 60° alt., and also waves. April 27th.—Between 10h and 11h clouds broke away and revealed a bright A.B. There was then a broad arch spanning 90°, more or less, and about 10° high at vertex; much diffuse light about arch, but I saw no streamers. Much obscured by clouds. Did not observe it more than five minutes. April 30th.—At 9h found the sky partly clear and a display of the A.B.; horizontal extent 70° more or less; sundry streamers, highest 40°; not clearly defined. General light up to 10h 30m at least. May 1st.—Through crevices in the clouds appeared some unusual light ; perhaps slight A.B. Observation nearly impossible to 10h 15m, and probably all night. . ‘ May 5th.—About 12h clear, and no A.B. Between 2h and 3h a. Mm. (6th) a bright A.B.—lumin- ous arch, but no streamers seen. Jide Professor E. T. Fitch. 9 Considerably clouded and becoming more so: obs. poor: no A,B, June 23 Herrick’s Auroral Register. 73 Much clouded, and obs. necessarily imperf. No A.B. seen to 93%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Very clear. No A.B. to 944. Very clear. Moon begins to interfere. No A.B. seen to 10°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 92". Hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Mostly ov’t to 9". At 10" clear in N., and no A.B. Moon. Hazy, cirri. Moon. NoA.B.seento9". After 9" ov’t, d’sall n’t. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t; slight drizzle at times: obs. impos. to 93", and d’s all night. Ov’t almost wholly. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t; some rain. Obs. impos. to 10%, and doubtless later. Partly cloudy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9" 20", Cloudy, in part at least, to 9". No A.B. seen. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 93". Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and d’s most of the night. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10°, Very clear. No A.B. to 9° 55. Very clear. No A.B. to 93". Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10". Hazy ; otherwise mostly clear. No A.B. to 10%. M’y cl’r, but toward 10 becoming cl’y in N. No A.B. to 9 50". M’y ov’t to 10": obs. n’y or quite impos. : aft. 12" very cl’r: no A.B. Exceedingly clear. No A.B. to 10° 5™.* Exceedingly clear. No A.B. to 103". Very clear. No A.B. to 10%. Clear. No A.B. to 1044. Much clouded. Obs. n’y impos. to 103", and p. later: no A.B. seen, Partly clouded. No A.B. to 10", but obs. une. on ac’t of clouds. N. much obse. to 93": A.B. susp.: no streamers seen. [F. B.]* Alt wh’y ov’t to 12": no A.B. [F.B.] At N.Y. ov’t; obs. impos. to Mostly clear. No A.B. to 103". [1044. Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Hazy ; stars below 40° scarcely vis.: obs. n’y or quite impos, to 1037. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. Very hazy: moon: stars below 25° alt. not vis.: no A.B. seen to 11%. Ov’t; slight drizzle. Obs. impos. to 11”, and doubtless all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. [n’y impos. Much clouded below alt. of 20°: moon: no A.B. seen to 104": obs. Very c’r: moon: no A.B. to 103". [A.B. susp. about 113°. (F. B.)] Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 1037, and doubtless all night. Clear to 9"; after that ov’t to 10", and doubtless all night. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Mostly ov’t. Obs. n’y or quite impos. to 10", and prob. all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 92", and d’s all night. Rain during night. Much cl’ded: obs. embarrassed: no A.B. seen to 103", and p. none. 24 | Mostly ov’t to 93%. Rain between 8" and 9".* May 30th.—Observed zodiacal light: evident, but very ill defined. Extends to cluster in Cancer, and perhaps into the sickle in Leo; the star Pollux lies near the axis; if not, thena point a little nearer Castor, perhaps one-third the distance toward Castor. June 5th.—E. C. H. at New York. Hazy. No A.B. to 10h 15m. June 24th.—About 9h 30m clouds in north slightly broken, and some unusual light suspected, but at 10h a large opening in north, and no A.B. apparent. 10 74 Herrich’s Auroval Register. 1845. June 25|Clear. No A.B. to 102%.* 26|Clear. No A.B. to 10". 27|/Clear. No A.B. to 103". 28|Ov’t, rainy. Obs, impos. to 10", and doubtless later. 29|N. partly clouded: no A.B, between 9" and 10": at 10" n’y ov’tin N, 30/Ov’t early ; n’y cl’r 9" to 10": no A.B. seen to 10": slight A.B. e’d not July 1|Mostly clearto11". No A.B. to 11°. [have been seen. 2/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 3|Very clear. No A.B. to 10". 4/Ov’t to 93%. Clearing up about 10°. No A.B. to 102", 5| Very clear. No A.B. to 104%. 6|Somewhat cloudy. No A.B. to 93°; at 22 a.m. very cl’r: no A.B. 7|Considerably clouded. No A.B. seen to 10}, Obs. embarrassed. 8|Mostly clear, No A.B. to 10%.* : 9\Clear. No A.B. seen to 23" a.m. of 10th. 10|Very clear. Moon begins to interfere. No A.B. to 11". 11|Tolerably clear, although hazy. Moon. No A.B. to 105. 12|Mostly clear, but hazy towards hor.: moon: no A.B. seen to 94%. 13| Mostly clear, but hazy towards hor.: moon: no A.B. seen to 10%, 14/Ov’t. Obs. impos, to 10", and doubtless later. 15| Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 10". Moon. No A.B. seen, 16|Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10}. 17|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10%. 18|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10". 19|Mostly. clear, Moon, No A.B. seen to 103*. 20) Considerably clouded; but clear space about the north: moon.* 21} Mostly clear; much obse. at 10": moon: no A.B. seen to 105, 22/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 23|Very clear. No A.B. to 10°. 24|/Ov’t to 92", and doubtless later.* (243) 25|Ov’t, almost wholly. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless later. 26|/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. 27|Mostly clear, but small clouds hanging about N. No A.B. to 10%, 28|Mostly clear; quite clear in N. about 10°. No A.B. to 10%.* (244) 29/Ov’t. Obs. impos, to 10", and probably all night. 30;Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless much later. 31| Mostly clear, clouds coming over about 10": no A.B. to 10".* bin Aug. 1|Nearly clear.* 246 2|Muchcl’ded; at 10° n’y cl’rin N. except low cloud. No A.B. seen. 3|Somewhat clouded in N. to 10".* June 25th.—A.B. seen at Worcester, Mass.—Thirteenth Annual Report of Lunatie Asylum. No particulars given. July 8th.—Brilliant A.B. seen at Worcester, Mass.—Thirteenth Ann. Rep. of Lunatic Asylum. No other particulars. July 20th.—North seemed quite light, probably due to moonlight. No A.B, surely seen to 10h 15m, July 24th.—At 1h a. m. (25th) I looked out from an open window and found N. sky very clear, and moon shining. In N. appeared more than usual light, and I am very much inclined to think it an A.B.—8aw no streamers—about 20° horizontal extent, 2° high. If trees had not obstructed the view I could have determined the case with certainty. [A.B. seen at Worcester, Mass.— Thirteenth Ann. Rep. of Lunatic Asylum, No details.} July 28th.—Faint auroral arch from 9h 30m, 60° or 70° horizontal extent. No streamers. F. B. : july 31st.—Faint light in N., probably auroral. [F. B. Aug. 1st.—A faint auroral light visible from about 9h 30m onward to 10h 30m; seen also after midnight. A diffuse light, perhaps 20° horizontal extent, very indefinite above. I saw no streamers. Aug. 3d.—No A.B. to 10h, unless a faint light between two clouds. After midnight looked out, and saw no A.B.; sky then very clear. 1845. Aug. Sept. Herrick’s Auroral Register. "5 Clear. No A.B. to 10".* (247) Nearly clear, but some cloudiness in N. No A.B. to 11°. N’y cl’r: within 8" to 10": cl’'dsin N.: no A.B. from 104" to 103%. Mostly clear, except N.: ov’t there at 9}: no A.B. seen to 93". Much cl’ded: obs. n’y impos. to 10"; p. alln’t: no A.B, seen to 10". M’y clear from 94" to 11". No A.B. seen, but obs. p’y obstructed. Ov’t almost wholly. Obs. impos. all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Clear, yet hazy about horizon. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least, and doubtless later. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10}. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93%. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11" at least. M’y cl’r from 8" to 9°: no A.B.: after 9" ov’t to 1044 in N., p. later. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103” at least. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9$", and doubtless all night. Mostly clear; flying clouds about N. No A.B. seen to 9}. Clear. No A.B. to 11°. North much embarrassed by floating clouds. No A.B. seen to 104%. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably most of night. Much clouded most of evening. At 10" nearly clear, and no A.B. Flying cl’ds; obs. necessarily imperf.: at 93" nearly cl’r.* (248) Very cloudy early part of evening. At 9" and after mostly clear.* Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9}°. No A.B. at 1? a.m. of Sept. Ist. Ov’t to 84" at least. Partly clear after 9", but did not then watch, Mostly ov’t to 10". Partly clear about 8", and no A.B. seen. Very clear. No A.B. to 9%. Ov’t; thunder shower from 8" to 9". Obs. impos. to 10".* Much clouded; clear spaces occasionally. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. Moon. A.B. suspected.* (249) Clear in N. to 8"; after that m’y ov’t to 10" at least: no A.B. seen. Cl’y most of ev’g: at 9$" and aft. n’y cl’r: moon: no A.B, seen to 10 Much clouded at times: moon: no A.B, seento11". [seen to 104". Mostly ov’t to 9"; from 9" to 103" tolerably clear: moon: no A.B. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. M’y ov’t with flying clouds: moon: obs. n’y or quite impos. to 93". Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". M’y cl’r: moon: no A.B, seen to 10": about 10" al’t wh’y ov’t in N. Mostly clear to 9": moon: no A.B. seen: after 9" mostly ov’t to 10". M’y c?’r: moon: 7" to 93" low cl’ds and ’tning: no A.B. seen to 93°. Aug. 4th.—Auroral streamers between 9h and 10h. Numerous, faint, 10° high. [F. B.] Aug. 29th.—A.B. slightly suspected. [A.B. seen at Worcester, Mass.— Thirteenth Rep. Luna- tie Asylum. No details. ] Aug. 30th.—No A.B. to 9h 30m, but some unusual light slightly suspected. At 1h 30m 4. mM. of dist clear, and no A.B. [At Montreal, Canada, slight A.B. ide Professor Olmsted. ] Sept. 4th.—Clouds breaking away about 10h, showing what seemed an unusual light in N., but probably a deception. Sept. 7th.—After midnight, the moon having set, I looked out and thought there was a faint auroral light in the N. Saw no streamers. 76 Flerrick’s Auroral Register. 1845. Sept. 19[Som’t hazy: moon rose at 8": no A.B. seen to 10": at 105 el’y. 20|Clear. No A.B. to 924. 21|Very clear. No A.B. to 93%. 22|Very clear. No.A.B. to 10%. 23}Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 24] Mostly clear.* (250) 25|Mostly ov’t. At 9" wholly ov’t, and nearly so to 10°.* 26|Ov’t, rain: obs. impos. to 93". [P’y cl’r at 844, and no A.B. (F.B.)] 27}Clear mostly. Probably a very faint A.B.* (251) 28|Somewhat cloudy. No A.B. to 84", and none at 4" a. mM. of 29th. 29|Clear. No A.B. to 10. 30|M’y cl’r, but gradually clouding, and by 10 m’y ov’t: no A.B. seen. Oct. 1/Clear. No A.B. to 93. 2|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 3|Mostly ov’t; oc’l openings: obs. n’y impos. to 10": no A.B. seen. 4}Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 105, 5]}Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 83", and doubtless all night. 6]Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 7|M’y ov’t: about 9" partly cl’r about 15": moon: no A.B. seen. 8|Much clouded. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 9}Clear. Moon. A.B. seen all the evening.* (252) 10}Ov’t to 10" at least. Obs. impos. 11|P’y cl’r to 8": moon: obs. n’y impos. to 8": no A.B. seen: aft. 8" ov’t. 12}Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 13}|Clear: moon: no A.B. seen to 10%: at intervals d’g n’t saw no A.B. 14|Considerably clouded: moon: no A.B. seen to 9": obs. imperfect. 15|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 934. 16|Partly cloudy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 17}Clear. Moon most of the evening. No A.B. seen to 10°. 18|/Clear. No A.B. seen to 10". 19|Hazy: no A.B. seen to 9": a faint display e’d hardly have been seen. 20}Ov’t almost wholly. Obs. impos. to 94°, and doubtless all night. 21|Clear. A.B. seen most of evening, but at times very faint.* (253) 22|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 23|Clear. No A.B. to 10". I did not observe personally. 24|Hazy. No A.B. to 10%. 25|Hazy. No A.B. to 10°. 26| Very hazy. No A.B. to 10%, 27|Hazy. No A.B. to 9}. 28|Hazy. No A.B. to 10°. 29|Clear. No A.B. to 10". 30] Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos, to 10". 31]Ov’t most of evening. At 10" nearly clear, and no A.B. Nov. 1/Ov’t; some rain. Obs. impos. to 93%, and doubtless all night. 21Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Sept. 24th.—A.B. seen from about 9h 30m to 11h at least, 60° to 80° horizontal extent illu- mined; bank at times 3° to 5° high. I saw no streamers, but did not watch many minutes. Sept. 25th —A.B. suspected; breaks in the clouds in the N., showing what seemed more than usual light. Uncertain. Sept. 27th.—The N. seemed to havea slight whitish tinge, but I saw no bank orarch. At 10h 5m I saw for about three minutes what I took to be a streamer, near N. 5° E., about 49 long, and moving westward. Some small clouds just then embarrassed observation. I pre- sume there is a slight A.B. this evening. Oct. 9th.— About 60° horizontal extent illumined. Much of the time an arch, and once a group of dim streamers, not reaching higher than 10°. Oct. 21st.—About 7h many streamers, not very bright, tallest reaching altitude of about 15°, drifting westward ; 50° to 70° of horizontal extent illumined, with faint arch. 1845. Nov. 3 Dee. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 77 Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 115, and doubtless later. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 104, and doubtless later. Ov’t early; clring at 8", clear after 9": moon: no A.B. to 104}. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 94. Many flying cl’ds n’y precluded obs. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 8", and probably all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", and none at 145 a. mM. of 11th. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10°, and probably most of the night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Within from 63° to 9}, Partly clear. Moon eclipsed this evening. No A.B. seen to 94. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103%. Clouded at times; occasionally clear in N.: moon: no A.B. to 10°. Very hazy. No A.B. seen to 94. Mostly ov’t; rain about 93": obs. impos. to 10", and prob. all night. Much clouded. Obs. nearly impos. No A.B. seen to 10%, Very clear. No A.B. to 105. Clear, but somewhat hazy. No A.B. to 10%. Very clear. No A.B. to 10%. Clear most of evening; very cloudy at 10%. No A.B. to 105. Clear. No A.B. to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 105. Cloudless, but hazy. No A.B. to 10° Hazy; by 10" quite ov’t: no A.B. seen to 10": within 74° to 944. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10".* (254) Mosily clear. No A.B. to 944. Ov’t most of ev’g; at 103" clouds much broken: no A.B. then. Ov’t; sleet falling. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least: clear at 535 a. m.: no A.B. Very clear. No A.B. to 10*.* 255 Almost wholly ov’t to 104" at least.* 256 Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably much later. Very clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10}*. Mostly ov’t; occasional clear spaces. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", Clear, except cirriabout N.: moon: no A.B. seen to 94": ov’t at 5%. Ov’t; sleet falling. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t: obs. impos. to 10": at 5" 5™ cl’r except low cl’din N.: no A.B. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". P’y cl’r to 7"; 7° to 10" m’y ov’t; aft. p’y cl’r: moon: no A.B. seen Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. [to 103": obs. une. Clear to about 10": moon: no A:B.: at 10" ov’t with fleecy clouds, Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 94%, and doubtless all night. Much clouded. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10% Ov’t at 10". Clear: no A.B. cert. seen to 10", and yet two or three times susp, Ov’t. Obs. almost or quite impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t almost wholly. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Noy. 27th.—A.B. seen by me about 5h 15m a.m. of 28th. Sky very clear. I saw only a gene- ral light about N. horizon; no definite streamers, but an undoubted A.B. Watched about three minutes. Dec. 2d.—At 4h 2m 4. m. of 8d I saw a distinct A.B. About 30° horizontal extent illumined, 8° more or less in center. I saw no distinct arch or streamers, but the trees interfere, Dec. 3d.—A conspicuous A.B, seen through a long narrow opening in the clouds in N. hori- zon. Several bright streamers about 8h, but the clouds did not permit any determination of the extent of the display. I infer it to have been a very considerable one. Light strong as late as 10h 15m, 78 Herrick’s Auroral Register. Dec. 19|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 20|Cl’rafew minutes at 6": no A.B.: ov’t from 64° to 93": obs. impos. 21| Very clear. No A.B..to 9". 22|Clear most of ev’g: no A.B. seen to 10": considerably cl’ded aft. 8". 23|Clear. No A.B. to 10". About 10" becoming cloudy. 24|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 25|Ov’t to 10", and doubtless all night. 26|Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10}. 27|Clear early in ev’g: no A.B. seen: ov’t at 94%, and to 105 at least. 28| Mostly clear after 7". No A.B. to 10%. - 29/Clear. No A.B. to 10". 30|Ov’t entirely.* (257) 31/Clear. A.B. slightly suspected. None certain to 10°, 1|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 12", and doubtless all night. 2| Almost wholly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 3| Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. to 10%.* 4|Clear: moon: no A.B. at 6", at 10", or at 3" a.m.: sky at 5" p’y obse. 5|N’y cl’r; cirrous streaks here and there: moon: no A.B. seen to 10°. 6|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10}, and d’s all night: began to rain d’g n’t. 7\Ov’t, drizzling. Obs. impos. to 92", and doubtless all night. 8|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and probably later. 9|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10%. 10|Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 11|Cl’r to about 8": moon: no A.B.: after 8" ov’t: obs. impos. 8" to 104. 12|Ov’t almost completely. Obs. impos. to 11", and prob. all night. 13|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 1032. 14|Clear. Moon rose at 745. No A.B. to 11°. 15! Alt wholly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 16| Ov’t, raining and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all night. 17|Ov’t and snowing. Clear at sunrise of 18th. 18| Very clear. No A.B. to 10". 19|/Clear: no A.B. to 10°, or pos. a very faint aur. light bet’n 9° and 10", 20 Almost wholly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night.* 21) Ov’t, snowing: obs. impos. to 10", p. much later: n’y cl’r at 6" a.m. of 22|Clear. No A.B. to 102”. [22d. 23| Very clear. A.B. seen, with intermissions, from 6" to 11".* (258) 24| Clear chiefly to about 8", and no A.B. After 8" ov’t. 25|Mostly clear. No A.B. seen. 26|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", at 12", at 3" a. m., and d’s all night. 27|Clear. No A.B. seen to 12”. 28)Considerably clouded. A.B.* (259) 29 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 104", and doubtless all night. 30;Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and d’s all night: some rain in ev’g. 31| Partly clear, but N. much obstructed.* Dec. 30th.—Between 9h and 10h, and at 10h, I strongly suspected an A.B.; the light may have been due to thinness of clouds on the northern horizon. (Reported to me that later the sky was more or less clear, and a considerable A.B. visible. No details.) Jan. 3d.—A.B. suspected, but impossible to be confident on account of clouds and moon. Jan. 20th.—About 10h suspected some unusual light along N. horizon; probably due to thin- ness of clouds. Jan. 23d.—Horizontal extent generally about 50°; altitude at vertex 3° more or less. At times segments of a distinct arch, but no streamers seen. ‘ Jan. 28th.—Not seen until about 9h, as I was within. From this time up to 10h there was no great change; a strong light about 7° high at vertex, and brightest near the border, cutting the horizon about 80° apart. All very much embarrassed by clouds. I saw no streamers. Jan. 31st.—Observation scarcely possible to 10h at least. Some unusual light suspected in N. between 9h and 10h, Herrick’s Auroral Register. 79 1846. Feb, 1/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 2/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and no doubt all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Considerably cl’ded: moon: obs. much embarrased : no A.B. to 10°, Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". [ A.B. seen. Nearly cl’r; becoming hazy: moon: unwell and ¢c’d not watch: no Ov’t; slight rain. Obs. impos. to 10", and d’s most of the night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9}. Clear. Moon, No A.B. seen to 103, Ov’t, Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 11/Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 12 Clrto 8°; aft. m’y ov’t to 103": no A.B. seen to 8": moon rose at 7", 13 | Cl’rto 73°: no A.B.: within till 9", then ov’t: at 112 cl’r: moon: no 14 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and d’s all night. [ A.B. seen. 15 Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 16 M’y ov’t; wh’y so after 8": obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all night. 17 Partly clear. No A.B. seen to 10", but obs. embarrassed by cl’ds. 18|Very clear. No A.B. to 104%. 19 Almost wholly ov’t: obs. nearly impos. to 103", and d’s all night.* 20|Clear at 6": no A.B.: m’y ov’t to 83"; aft. clear: no A.B. to 105. 21) Mostly clear, but at 10" wholly owt. No A.B. to 93% 22|M’y cr: no A.B. to 944, when n’y ov’t: at 2" cl’r in N. except low ~~ oO © =I Go Or m CO 23|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 103°. [c?d: no A.B. then. 24| Nearly cl’r, becoming hazy d’g the ev’g. No A.B. cert. seen to 9%. 25) A.B., most of evening obstructed by clouds. (260) 26|Clear. No A.B. certainly seen to 10", but somewhat susp. at times. 27) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 104", and doubtless all night. 28)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Mar. 1|Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Within from 7* to 9*. 2| Very hazy to 9": moon: obs. n’y impos. to 9"; aft. more cl’r: no A.B. 3| Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 113", [seen to 11". 4|Mostly clear. No A.B, seen to midnight. 5|Clear: moon: no A.B, seen to 11%. [very cl’r: nomoon: no A.B. 6| Ov’t to about 10", after c’ring: moon: no A.B, at 10"5™: at 4" a.m, 7|Ov’t until 10" at least. Obs. impos. 8/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94, and doubtless later. 9} Very clear. Moon. No A.B, to 10%. 10|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. 11| Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 105. 12| Al’t wh’y ov’t: moon: cl’ds breaking about 93": no A.B, then seen. 13/Ov’t; rain during night. Obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all night. 14,Cloudy most of evening to 10".* 15|P’y cl’r. No A.B, seen to 10", but N. much obstructed by cl’ds. 16| Ov’t most of ev’g; p’y cl’r 9" to 103": no A.B. seen to 105": obs. unc. 17| Clear.* (261) 18| Very clear. No A.B. to 944. 19|Clear. No A.B. to 103*.* 20! Mostly ov’t, and obs. necessarily uncertain. No A.B. seen to 103", Feb. 19th.—At various times in the evening I suspected an unusual light in the N., perhaps an A.B., perhaps due to thinness of clouds in that quarter. March 14th.—About 8h suspected some unusual light in N., but probably due to moon just rising. At 10h 30m clear, and no A.B. March 17th.—A very slight auroral illumination, as I think, most of evening, especially about 10h. I saw no arch, no streamers, yet the N. seems lighter than other quarters. The presence of Galaxy in the north seems insufficient to cause the appearances. March 19th.—Some slight auroral appearances slightly suspected but very doubtful. May Flerrick’s Auroral Register. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 944. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and probably all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Ov’t, drizzling mist. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Ov’t, except ab’t 8": no A.B, then: aft. obs. impos. to 9+, d’s all n’t. P’y cl’rto 74": no A.B.: aft. ov’t to 94"; thencl’r: no A.B. to 10°. Ov’t to about 9", and obs. impos.: too cloudy in N. for obs. to 10". Considerably clouded and obs. necessarily une. None seen to 83". Ov’t most of evening to 10". Obs. nearly impos. None seen. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10, Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10}. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Quite hazy and cl’y: moon: obs. nearly impos. to 10": none seen. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°.* (262) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. Many cirri and some haze: moon: no A.B. seen to 103": obs. une. Clear to 74"; after that ov’t and misty: obs. impos. to 103" at least. M’y cl’r to 9": moon: no A.B. seen: aft. 9" too cl’y to 10" at least. Ov’t, with cumulus clouds. Moon.* (2638 Clear: moon rose about 9"; no A.B. seen to 104". — [seen 9" to 10°. M’y cl’rto 9": no A.B. [F.B.] At 9" cl’ding, by 10" ov’t: no A.B. Clear. A.B. first seen about 9°.* (264) Clear. A.B. seen from 83" to 10".* (265) Somewhat hazy. No A.B. to 10%. Hazy about horizon. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Nearly cl’r, but hazy about hor., and becoming cl’y in N. about 9°. Nearly clear; some haze. No A.B. to 93". [obs. une. Much obse. by cl’ds: within 73" to 9": no A.B, seen from 9° to 10°: Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94°, and d’s all night. Rain during ev’g. North considerably clouded: no A.B. seen to 10°: obs, nee’y une. North considerably clouded: no A.B. seen to 93": obs, nec’y une. Clear. No A.B. to 103%. Cloudy. No A.B. seen to 10%. Faint A.B. would not be visible. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10" at least, and prob. all night. Cl’r to about 83", when it became cl’y. [F. B.] At 122" cl’r, no A.B. Ov’t and drizzly. Obs. impos. to 94, and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94", and probably all night. Mostly clear, but embarrassed by flying clouds. Moon.* Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 5|Too cloudy for obs. to 103", and probably all night. April 6th.—Between 3h 25m and 4h a. M. of 7th, A.B., much obscured by clouds, but certain. Several imperfect streamers and bright spots, none over 5° high. Being occupied with the comet (Bond’s) near Cassiopeia, I could not give much attention to the A.B. April 12th.—I strongly suspected the presence of an A.B., and at times could scarcely doubt it; this was from 8h 30m to 9h 30m. The sky remained overcast up to 9h 30m at least. The ap- pearances may possibly have been caused by the moon, but probably not. April 15th.—Several streamers 1° or 2° high, and general light after, 3° to 5° high to 11h. Did not watch especially, being occupied with Biela’s comet. April 16th.—Between 8h and 9h a double arch about 5° and 3° high, and 70° to 80° span; and about 10h numerous streamers, some 20° to 30° long. May 3d.—No A.B. certainly seen to 9h 15m, yet suspected. —— Herrick’s Auroral Register. 81 1846. May 6|Ov’t, breaking away about 94", but not in N.: obs. impos. to 10%; 7\Ov’t; drizzling rain part of ev’g: obs. impos. to 9", and d’s all n't. 8|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. a 9|Ov’t. Obs. impos to 8", and d’s all night: heavy showers in night. 10| Ov’t: A.B. susp. about 9", but the appearances may be due to moon, 11/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93, and prob. most of night: cl’y 12" to 1". 12|Clear. A.B., but a very transient display, at 8" 52™.* (266) 13|Clear. A.B., first seen at 8" 55™ and watched to 93 closely.* (267) 14|Ov’t until 948. At 10" sky n’y cl’r, but cl’ds in N.: no A.B, then. 15|Ov’t to about 9": bet’n 9" and 10" m’y cl’r, and no A.B. seen to 10", 16|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 17|Ov’t and misty. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 18|Nearly clear. A.B., slight.* es 19/Clear. A.B., slight.* 269) 20|M’y cl’r, but N. obse. by cl’ds to alt. of about 40° to 9" 20™: tins n’y 21|Very clear. No A.B. seen to 93". impos. 22|Cirri: no A.B. seen to 103"; a faint A.B. c’d hardly have been seen. 23|M’y cl’r to 9", no A.B.: at 9 ov’t: at 93" n’y cl’r, no A.B. : at 10" n’y 24|Very clear. No A.B. to 93". [ov’t. 25/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". 26|Ov’t; misty. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 27\/Ov’t; mist and rain. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 28/Ov’t; drizzling. Obs. impos. to 9}", and doubtless all night. 29\Ov’t; drizzling. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 30/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 31/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. June 1|Much embarrassed by clouds. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103%. 2\Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. 3|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 4|Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 5|Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 92", and doubtless all night. 6| Nearly clear in N. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103°. 7|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". une. 8| Much embarrassed by cl’ds: moon: no A.B. seen to 104"; obs. som’t 9/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. 10| Somewhat Stas cloud streaks in N.: moon: no A.B. seen to 10°. 11|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 12|M’y cl’r; some hazy streaks: no A.B. to 10": did not watch closely. 13|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 103". 14/Clear. A.B. A fine display.* (270) May 12th.—Looking out at that time I found several streamers (one extending up 25° more or less) not very bright, yet distinct. I saw no bank of light and no arch. The moon was just rising. I looked several times after this, but could see no auroral traces up to 9h 40m. The moon might conceal them if very faint. May 13th.—Groups of streamers sprung up here and there, some reaching up 35° and min- gled with amorphous luminous matter; rapidly shifting, and occasionally for a few minutes wholly invisible. During the whole time there was scarce any general light, or arch, or bank. At intervals, streamers at points distant 70° on horizon. May 18th.—From 9h to 10h a faint general illumination. I saw no streamers. Mr. F. Bradley saw two streamers about 9h. May 19th.—None seen until about 930m; from this to 10h were occasional dim broad streamers reaching 6° to 10° altitude, intermingled with luminous patches ; faint and transient. No general light or luminous are. Streamers W. of N. moved westward. Streamers E. of N. uncertain. June 14th.—Suspecting slightly some unusual illumination in north, I went at 9h 28m to canal bridge, where there is a clear horizon, and saw but little at first. At 9h 30m a streamer ap- peared about N. 20° W., and in one or two minutes ten or fifteen more, occupying about 60° or 70° horizoutal extent. From that time to 9h 48m streamers numerous appeared and van- ished, reaching up from 10° to 30° of altitude, perpetually shifting, but direction not easily determined. Saw no arch; streamers arose from very near horizon; but little general light. At 9h 48m very little auroral illumination. 1] 82 1846. June 15 16 July 1 Aug. 1 2 3 Herrich’s Auroral Register. Mostly ov’t; in N. clear enough for obs: no A.B. from 93" to 9" 50™. M’y ov’t and obs. n’y impos. to 104"; then partly cl’r above 35° alt. Hazy and partly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 10": no A.B. seen. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Clear. No A.B, to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Considerably clouded. Obs. necessarily une. No A.B. seen to 10. Mostly or altogether ov’t. Obs. probably impos. to 10" at least. Ov’t, rain, Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Much clouded; rain: from 9" to 93" broken clouds: no A.B. seen. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10%, and probably all night. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10°. Ov’t and rainy to 93", and p. all night. Obs. impos.: ov’t at 4° a.m. Nearly cl’r from 93" to 10"; cl’y streaks low in N.: no A.B. to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 105, and d’s all night. Rain during night. Ov’t and misty. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 105, Mostly ov’t to 11" at least. Obs. nearly or quite impos. Ov’t; somewhat misty. Obs. impos. to 1" a.m. of 5th. M’y ov’t: broken cl’ds bet’n 9 and 10": moon: obs. n’y impos. to 94". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably most of the night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93°. Clear, but hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", but obs. nec’y une. Much haze and many cirri in N.: moon: no A.B, seen to 10°.* Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Ov’t; thunder shower 8" to 10". Obs. impos. to 10", and p. all n’t. Very clear. No A.B. seen to 10°. Mostly clear. No A.B. seen to 93". Clouds in N. embarrass obs. Clear. No A.B. to 103".* [tible about the N. . Clear. No A.B. to 103", but a luminous streakiness, hardly percep- Clear,.” NiovA.B.tor9s2. [F. B: Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 104", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and p. allw’t: cl’rspotsin N.E. about 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 1034. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and p. all night. Rain during night. Very clear. A.B. slightly suspected to 10". Ov’t; shower about 9". Obs. impos. to 10", and prob. much later. Nearly ov’t.* Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Much embarrassed by clouds: at 94° too much cl’ded in N. for obs. Too cloudy for satisfactory obs. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. Mostly cloudy to 9". About 9" clearing but still hazy. Moon. M’y cl’y: moon: obs. very much embarrassed: no A.B. seen to 10°. Ov’t to 93%. Moon. At 11" partly clear, and no A.B. Ov’t. > Obs. impos. to 944, and probably all night. Clear: moon: no A.B. at 945: at 25 and at 3" a.m. clear: no A.B. Sky embarrassed by haziness and small cl’ds: moon: no A.B to 10°. July 9th.—Any moderate display could not have been seen. July 14th.—A.B. seen in Rutland, Vt., at 10h, by Mr. Wm. G. Hooker. Streamers. (?) July 25th.—Possibly a faint light in N. between 9h and 10b, but probably due to contrast with clouds in that region. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 88 846. Fs 4|Clear, but somewhat hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93%. Sept. 5|Clear, slight haze. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9}. Ov't to 93h, and probably much later. Obs. impos. Nearly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably later. Ov’t; copious rain: obs. impos. to 93", and d@’salln’t: ov’t at 3" am, Ov’ t much rain during the night. Obs. impos. all night. Ov’t to 10" or later: at 12" and to 2" a.m. no A.B. seen: moon. Splendidly clear. A.B., seen first about 8}".* (271 Clear. Slight A.B. from 9" to 10%. (272 Clear, but somewhat hazy in N. No A.B. seen to 10": obs. imperf. Mostly clear. No A.B. seen to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. Clear. No A.B. to 93h. "A little cloudiness about the N. horizon, Ov’t to 93", and prob. much later: obs. impos. to 93" at least. Mostly clear. No A.B. seen to 11. [A.B. susp. about 12%. (F. B.)] Clear. No A.B. to 934. Ov’t to 9" at least, and prob. all night. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Ov’t to 9", and prob. all night. Ov’t at 3" a.m. Obs. impos. Ov’t to 10”, and doubtless all night. Obs. impos. Ov’t to 94", and prob. all night. “Obs. impos. to 94" at least. Nearly clear about the N. A.B.* (278) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and drizzling. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t to 93", and doubtless all night. Obs. impos. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night.* Ov’t to 8", aft. mostly clear: moon: no A.B. seen from 8" to 9%.* Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93. Obs. necessarily uncertain. Cl’y most of ev’g, breaking away aft. 9": moon: no A.B. seen to 934, Considerably clouded. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%, Obs. une, Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10” at least. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Ov’t at 8", at 10" clear, and no A.B. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94%, and d’s later. Lightning during ev’g. Very clear. No A.B. to 934, Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Very clear. No A.B. to 10°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 93". Aug. 11th.—Two or three streamers W. of N. At $b one streamer 3° or 4° high at top, con- tinuing 5m, succeeded by two or three others. Faint light continued to 10h at least. No arch seen during the hour. Aug. 12th.—Generally only a faint milkiness in N. About 10h two or three streamers N.N.W. for a short space, and soon after a luminous spot E. of N. Aug. 24th.—Noticed first about 8h 25m, and visible at 10h, At first a few streamers reaching up to altitude 15°, and an illumination through amplitude of 60°. Being occupied within from 8h 30m to 10h, I could not observe. Mr. F. Bradley says the display was not very considerable. Aug. 29th. AB. suspected through opening on horizon. [F. B By Aug. 30th.—A.B. suspected. [F. B.] 84 Herrick’s Auroral Register. Sept. 19/Clear. No A.B. to 10". 20|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9%. 21) Clear, AUB. SRB a* (274) 22/Clear. Faint auroral bank. [F. B.]* (275) 23/Clear. Auroral arch in N. horizon. [F. B.]* (276) 24/Clear. No A.B. to 9. 25/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. 26/Ov’t most of ev’g. At 10" n’y cl’r from N. to N.W., and no A.B. 27| Mostly clear. Moon. No A/B. seen to 94h 28/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 29|Very hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 92", and obs. nec’y imperf. 30} Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 8". Oct. 1/Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9}. 2;Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless later. 3/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 4, Ov’t; slight rain, Obs. impos. to 10, and probably all night. 5|Ov’t early in ev’g; 9° to 10" quite cl’r: moon: no A.B. seen to 103%. 6| Very hazy: no A.B. seento 10": faint A.B. ¢’d not have been seen. 7\Clear, A.B. slightly suspected to 10°.* (277) 8|Clear. No A.B. to 105, [much later. 9|Clear to 9"; aft. ov’t: no A.B. to 9"; after obs. impos. to 93", and p. 10|Clear. No A.B. to 10". [A.B. suspected by F. B.] 11 | Clear.* (278) 12! Much cl’ded to 9" ; from 9° to 93" ov’t in N.: no A.B. seen to 9: obs. 13|Ov’t and stormy. Obs. impos. to 9}, and d’s later. [imperf. 14| Embarrassed by clouds. No A.B. seen to 10%, 15|Clear. A faint auroral light. I saw no streamers.* (279) 16|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 17| Clr early in ev’g; entirely ov’t bet’n 9" and 10": no A.B. seen to 9", 18] Ov’t early in evening; nearly clear at 8°. No A.B. 19|Clear. A.B. all the evening to 10" at least.* (280) 20|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10", Clouds occasionally interfered. 21| Mostly clear; after 9" wholly so.* 281) 22|Clear after about 7". Within doors from 8" to 10%.* 282) 23|Ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 10°. 24/Clear.* (283) 25|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 83°. 26|Ovt to 9"; after partly cl’rto 11": no A.B. seen, and obs. n’y impos. 27/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103%, and doubtless all night. Sept. 21st.—E. C. H. at Ashfield, Mass. Nearly overcast; strong auroral light on N. horizon, seen through the clouds. Sept. 29d,—E. C. H. at Ashfield, Mass. Clear; slight auroral illumination from 8h to 9h, Sept. 23d.—E. C. H. at Hartford, Conn., and between Springfield, Mass., and Hartford. Clear. Auroral arch perhaps 5° high, and quite bright. Oct. 7th.—A considerable A.B. about midnight. Numerous streamers, &c., none reaching above 40°; seen by Mr. Joseph W. Bennett. Oct. a very faint auroral light along N. horizon, brightest between 9h and 10h. Ob- served to 10h Oct. 15th.—The illumination very slight and low, but I think real. Looked also during the night, probably abeut 1b A.M. ; appearance the same. Oct. 19th.—About 8h three concentric arches, nearly complete, the vertex of the highest being about 25°; amplitude 60° more or less; very little streaming while observed. Consider- able ‘general light. Oct. 2ist.—A slight A.B. seen between 9h and 10h; a luminous bank, about mes amplitude, reaching up 1° to 3°, I saw no streamers during about 15m. Bank mostly N. Oct. 22d.—At 10k a slight A.B. I saw no streamers. A mere faint qareinddon Oct. 24th.—Between 9h and 10h three or four streamers of the A.B. appeared for three or five minutes in N., reaching 5°, more or less, high. Before this, and after to 10h, there was scarcely any general auroral light. Nov. Dec. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 85 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". Cleared up during night. [A.B. seen. Generally clear, but cl’ds in N. to 8" at least: moon: at 10" cl’r: no Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 104", and probably later. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10, and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t; breaking up during the ev’g, but obs. impos. to 10" at least. ‘Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Almost entirely ov’t. Obs. impos, to 103", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t; obs. impos. to 9", and d’s all night: a little rain @’g the night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all night: ov’t at 4" a. m. of 13th. Ov’t to ab’t 8"; 8" to 10" m’y cl’r, and no A.B. ; cl’ded before 5 a.m. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. , Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and d’s later: cleared off d’g the night. Partly clear. A.B. first seen about 9" among clouds.* (284 P’y cl’r: no A.B. seen to 95": at times much el’ded, hazy all the ev’g. Ov’t, r’y: obs. impos. to 93", d’s later: at 2) a.m. very cl’r: no A.B. Ov’t to 10", and obs. impos. At 2" a.m. sky clear, and no A.B. Mostly clear. No A.B. seen to 10", but obs. imperfect. Ov’t. Obs. impos. all night. A stormy night. Clear. Moon begins to interfere. No A.B. seen to 104+. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen. Within from 63" to 93%. Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10% At 10" north ov’t. Cl’y early in ev’g; at 8" n’y cl’r: moon: hor. obse.: no A.B. seen. Clear to about 8°, after too cl’y in N. for obs.: moon: no A.B. seen. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. Ov’t early: from 9" to 10" and aft. cl’r: moon: no A.B. seen to 115. Ov’t. Moon faintly shining. Obs. impos. to 105. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10, and probably all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 105. Mostly clear. Moon rose about 7".* Clrearly; at about 74” clouding up; aft. no opportunity to observe. Clear. Within most of ev’g. No A.B. to 63", or from 83" to 944, Ov’t; raining. Obs. impos. to 11} at least, and prob. all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and d’s all night. Rain during night. Very clear. A.B. visible from 6" to 10" at least.* (285) Ov’t, and snowing copiously. Obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all night, Clear. No A.B. to 10°, Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 10". [A.B. slightly susp. about 93". (F. B.)] Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Noy. 17th.—At 10h and later sky clearer, and the auroral light stronger. About 50° ampli- tude, and 5° high, more or less, in centre. Dec. 4th.—No A.B. to 9h, and yet between 6h and 7h suspected some unusual light, but clouds prevented certainty. Dec. 9th.—Much of this time there was an arch of about 50° amplitude, and 5° central alti- tude. Many streamers about 8h, not very high, perhaps 15°. 86 1846. Dec. 16 Feb. 1 2 3 4 Herrick’s Auroral Register, Clear. No A.B. to 103". Becoming hazy after 9*, Ov’t; snow storm, Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t: obs. impos. to 10", d’s later: bet’n 5 and 6" a.m. cl’r, no A.B. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. —[ov’t. Cl’y to 8"; bet’n 8" and 9" clear: no A.B, to 9": bet’n 5" and 6" a.m. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. [have been seen. Ov’t to 9", aft. n’y cl’r: no A.B, seen to 10": faint display could not Clear. Moon set about 9°.* (286) Ov’t to 11", except from 6" to 63"; then N. obstructed: no A.B. seen. Ov’t to 98; 9" to 10" cl’ds; at 10" n’y cl’r: moon: no A.B. seen to 105, Partly clear to about 7°; aft. ov’t to 10" at least: moon: obs. impos. Ov’t early; at 83> n’y c’r: moon: cl’dlowin N.: no A.B. seen to 9%. Ov’t early; mostly cl’r after about 737: moon: no A.B. seen to 10". P’ycl’r; hazy: moon: no A.B. seen to 103": unfavorable time. Chiefly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. Ov’t; drizzly. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Cloudy, with fog. Obs. probably almost impos. to 9°. Ov’t. A.B. could not have been seen to 10" at least. Clear. No A.B. Ov’t; rainy. Obs. impos. to 11", and d’s later: cl’r at sunrise of 5th. Clear: moon rose about 9": A.B. susp. before moonrise: obs. to 103". Clear. No A.B. to 10". Ov’t and showery. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. Clear. No A.B. to 103°. [hazy: no A.B. seen then. Clear to 75, and no A.B.: aft. to 103" mostly ov’t; at 103" clearing ; Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Cl’r early ; al’t wh’y ov’t by 73": no A.B, seen: cly to 10", when sky Clear. No A.B. to 103”. [cleared: no A.B. then. Ov’t most of ev’g; about 10" p’y cl’r: no A.B. seen; obs. n’y impos. Ov’t early part of ev’g; about 73" found sky clear: no A.B, to 103". Ov’t to 10", and doubtless all night. Cl’y most of ev’g: obs. impos. to 9" at least; at 10" clear: no A.B. Very clear. No A.B. certainly seen to 9", but yet slightly susp. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. M’y ov’t; at 10 generally cl’r, but a cl’d in N.: obs. n’y impos. to 10". Mostly ov’t. Moon begins to interf. Obs. impos. to 10 at least. Ov’t early part of ev’g; clearing about 7", and cl’r to 10” at least.* M’y cl’r: moon: no A.B. seen to 11>: about 11> al’t entirely ov’t. Very hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", and obs. nearly impos. Hazy. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. No A.B. seen to 10". Clear early: moon: no A.B, seen: within 63" to 10": at 10" ov’t. Ov’t; some rain. Obs. impos. to 10". Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10". Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103". Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Too cloudy for obs. to 84", and probably later. About half clear. Moon. Flying clouds. No A.B. seen to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 1034, and doubtless all night. Rain in night. Stormy to 7"; at 8" clear: no A.B. seen to 10": moon rose about 9". Mostly clear. No A.B. to 103". Dec. 23d.—A.B., but not detected until about 10h, Very little illumination on horizon; a few streamers seen, one about 10° high at top. Jan. 2ist.—Moon. No A.B. seen to 10h, yet somewhat suspected. a oe 1 oe! fn 28 March 1 bo Herrick’s Auroral Register. 87 Generally clear. No A.B. to 9%. At 11" ov’t. Clear. A.B. suspected at various times during the evening.* (287) Hazy. A.B. slightly suspected. Ov’t at 9". [and p. all night. Clear early in ev’g: no A.B, to 8": at 8" ov’t; continued so to 10°, Ov’t to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t to 10". Sky clearing up soon after 10", and then no A.B, Ov’t most of ev’g ; about 10" sky tolerably clear: no A.B. then. Clear. No A.B. to 10". Ov’t to about 9"; after that mostly clear to 10", and no A.B. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Mostly clear. No A.B, to 10". Ov’t; sleet and snow falling. Obs. impos. to 103", and d’s all night. Hazy, and gradually becoming denser: at 9" and after, obs. impos. : Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and d’s all night. — [no A.B. seen to 9%, Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Ov’t; sleet oc’y falling. Obs. impos. to 93", and d’s all night. Ov’t; snowing most of ev’g. Obs. impos. to 11", and p. all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". [None to 12 by F. B.] P’y cl’r to 8": moon: no A.B. seen: obs. n’y impos.: after 8" ov’t; M’y cl’r to 74": moon: ov’tto 9"; cl’rto 10": no A.B. seen: at 444 Ov’t: obs. impos. to 102", Vsallm’t. [to5? a.m. very cl’r: no A.B. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Very hazy. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. to 10", No A.B. seen. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103*. Ovt. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Hazy. Moon rose about 9°. No A.B. seen to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 11°. Clear. No A.B. to 95. Ov’t; slight rain. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Nery clear. A.B.* (288) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B, to 10".* Ov’t. Obs. impos to 10" at least.* [about 105. M’y ov’t: obs. n’y or quite impos. to 10", p. all n’t: cl’r space in N. W. Clear. No A.B. to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Clear. No A.B. to 103%. Clear. No A.B. to 11°. Clear. No A.B. to 10". About 10" slightly suspected. Ov’t to 8" at least. At 10" found it clear. No A.B. then, or to 104°. Clear. Grand A.B, (289) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 104+, and doubtless all night. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. 24'Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 114. 25 \M’y cl’r to 8": moon: no A.B. seen; ov’t at 93", and to 11? at least. Feb. 6th.—Merely a very faint light along N. horizon, and perhaps not auroral. March 8th.—Northern horizon slightly illumined most of evening, through amplitude of 30° to 45°. A few streamers occasionally. March 10th.—Occasionally a slight suspicion of some unusual light. March 11th.—About 10h 45m clouds breaking away in N.W. and N. Suspected some auroral light, but doubtful. 88 1847. Mar. 26 27 28 29 30 31 April 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 le 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 May Flerrick’s Auroral Register. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103” at least. Clear. Moon. No A.B, to 8°. At 10" clouds in N. and N.E. Hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. [no A.B. Clear early: moon: no A.B. to 8": 8" to 10" m’y ov’t; at 103" clear: Mostly cl’r to about 8": aft. too hazy and cl’y for obs. to 11 at least. Clear; hazy around hor.: moon rose about 83": no A.B. seen to 11}. Partly clear; flying clouds. No A.B, seen to 10". Mostly clear to 7". At 9" mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. from 9" to 105. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 103%. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 103%, and probably all night. Very clear. A fine general A.B.* (290) Ov’t: obs. impos. to 11", and d’s all n’t: some rain during the night. Clear. No tAxB: ito; 1", Clear. No A.B. to 10", Did not observe in person. Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Ov’t: about 11" p’y cl’rin§., and around zenith: obs. impos. to 11°. Clear. No A.B. to 11°. Clear: --No A’ Bato da. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103 at least.* [impos. to 10}, N’y cl’r to 83"; at 83" ov’t, m’y so to 103": no A.B. to 83": aft. obs, Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 103, and doubtless much later. Clear: moon begins to interf. : no A.B. seen to 10", but som’t susp. Ov’t to 93"; obs. impos. ; 93" to 103" n’y cl’r: moon: no A.B. seen. Ov’t to 11" at least, and obs. impos. all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103” at least, and doubtless much later. ‘Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. or nearly so to 10°. Ov’t to 10". Obs. impos. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 115. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103" at least. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10}. Much obse. by cirri: moon: no A.B, seen to 103"; obs. n’y impos. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. [n’y so to 104°. Ov’t to 10", then n’y cl’r, except in N.: moon: obs. impos. to 10%, and Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Nearly clear. No A.B. to 9}*. Mostly cloudy. No A.B. at 9%. ‘Mostly clear, but hazy. No A.B. to 9, Clear. No A.B. to 115. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 93", and doubtless all night.* N’y ov’t: about 9" some large stars vis.: obs. impos. to 10°, p, all n’t. Nearly clear, although somewhat hazy. No A.B. to 93°. Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 93" at least. No A.B. seen. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. April 7th.—Numerous streamers and red tints. About 10h a zone, 2° to 7° broad, spanning the heavens from E. to W. Auroral waves at intervals from 10h to i1h 30m. April 15th.—About 10h 30m the N. seemed much lighter than other parts of the sky. Was there A.B. behind? At 12h10m sky mostly overcast, but a long narrow opening on N.W. hori- zon. No A.B. visible then. i May 8th.—Between 8h and 9h some unusual light suspected along N. horizon, through either a narrow opening, or a thinner region in the clouds. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 89 1847. May 13{Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 14| Mostly ov’t to about 9"; 9" to 10" mostly clear. No A.B. to 10%, 15 16 Uy 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June OMI Ooh WNH HE 10 Ia 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20) 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Clear. at least. 3|Clear, but somewhat hazy. No A.B. to 103". 4|;Clear. No A.B. to 10". 5 | Clear, but hazy about horizon. 6| Very hazy. No A.B. seen to 10". Obs. much impaired. 7| Very hazy. No A.B. seen to 10”, but obs. nearly impos. 8| Very hazy. No A.B. seen to 10", but obs. nearly impos. 9| Very hazy.* (298) 10) Ov’é to 10%, (2) 11) Mostly ov’t, but nearly clear a short time, about 925.* (294) 12| Much ePded ; oc’l cl’r spaces: no A.B. seen to 103" ; “obs. nec’y imp. 13|M’y ov’t: obs. al’t impos, to 10", and p. alln’t: no A.B. seen to 10". 14|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 15| Mostly clear. No A.B. to 104% 16| Mostly clear. No A.B. to 103%. 17| Hazy.” No’‘A-B. to 105: 18|Hazy. Moon begins to interfere. No A.B. to 92". 19;Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9" 50”, 20|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 102. 21)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". 22/Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10" at least.* 23| Mostly cl’r; many cirri embarrass obs.: moon: no A.B. seen to 10". 24|Same as 23d. Sky less favorable. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 25) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. 26|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless much later, 27;Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94%, and doubtless later. 28|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9% 50". 29|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen; poorobs. [No A.B. to11%. (F. B.)] 30, Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 31|/Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Aug. 1)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 2|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10°. 3|Ov’t to about 9%. Between 9" and 10" clearing off.* 4/Clear. A.B. all the evening.* (295) 5|Ov't. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 6 Ov’t and rainy, Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 7)Ovwt and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 8, Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 9|Ov’t and drizzling all night. Obs. impos. 10|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 102, and all night. 11|Clear chiefly to 94°: no A.B.: after 10" ov’t to 11", and d’s all n’t 12|Clear. No A.B. to 9% Ov’t at 3" a.m. of 13th. 13| Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 10". No A.B. seen. 14'Mostly clear; some clouds about N. horizon. No A.B. to 11%. July 9th.—Auroral bow, about 9h 30m for fifteen minutes. No traces of A.B. in north. July 11th.—Slight A.B. then visible, embarrassed by clouds. A few streamers reaching up about 25°, anda little general illumination. At 10h overcast. July * 22d. —Suspected A.B., as the N. seemed lighter than the sky generally. Perhaps the clouds there thinner. Aug. 3d.—By 9h ak beautifully clear. No A.B. to 9h45m, [At 10h 30m suspected slight A.B. east of north. (F. B Aug. 4th.—Numerous bows or arches, not very well defined, in N. heavens, of 90° and more amplitude. Sept. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 91 Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Mostly clear; some clouds about N. horizon. No A.B, to 10°, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 1034, and probably all night. Clear. No A.B. to 103". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Partly clear; clouds about N. No A.B. seen to 10", Obs. une. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10".* Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9" 20". Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%, Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 93". Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94". Ov’t; showery after 9". Obs. impos. to 93", and d’s all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 93". Moon rose about 9%. N. much obscured from 83" to 112. No A.B. seen. Ov’t and showery to 11". Obs. impos. [F. B.] E. C. H. at Cambridge, Mass. Sky ov’t to 944, and p. all night. Nearly clear. No A.B. to 10". [F. B.] E.C.H. at Cambridge, Mass, Ov’t to 10", obs. impos. [F. B.] At Cambridge, Mass., m’y cl’r: no Clear. No-A.B. to 83°. [Nor to 10%. (F. B.)] [ A.B. to 9%, Mostly cl’r; N. at times embarrssed by cl’ds: no A.B. seen to 93°. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 93". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 112, and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Mostly ov’t, wholly so at 9", and after to 103". No A.B. seen to 95, Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clear early in evening.* (296) Beautifully clear. No A.B. to 10° Beautifully clear. No A.B. to 945. Clear. Moon. Slight A.B.* (297) Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. P’y cl’r to 9": moon: no A.B. seen: at 9" ov’t, and to 10" at least. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 10%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. Mostly elear. Moon. No A.B.seento 10": at 10" sky much cl’ded. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. M’y cl’r: no A.B. seen to 10": moon rose about 95: A.B. suspected. Clear.. .A.B.* (298) 30|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Aug. 21st.—A narrow nebulous streak, perhaps auroral, 9h 45m to 10h, a little 8. of zenith, running from W. to E. [F. B. Sept. 13th._Slight A.B., soon obscured by clouds. About 9h and after, overcast to 10h, I Saw no streamers, but a moderate illumination only. [From 11h 30m to 12h nearly clear, and several streamers visible, some 20° high. (Mr. William M. Smith.)] Sept. 16th.—Streamers 7° to 10° high, about 8h 15m, [F. B ] Sept. 29th.—First seen about 7h 30m, an arc about 10° at vertex, and 70° or 80° amplitude. At 8h a considerable outbreak of streamers, some reaching 70° or 80° high. In the N.W. a red patch with streamers. After 8h 20m to 10h very little auroral light. 92 Herrich’s Auroral Register, 1847. ct. 1/Clear. No A.B. to 105. 2\Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 3/Clear. No A.B. to 94%. 4|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10}. 5|Mostly clear. At 10" the N. much obscured. No A.B. to 10°. 6|Clear. No A.B. to.112. 7|M’y ov’t: obs. n’y impos. to 11” at least, and p. all n’t: no A.B. seen. 8)Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 8", and doubtless all night. 9|Mostly clear to 10°. No A.B. to 10". At 10" nearly ov’t. 10/Ov’t early part of evening: after 8" mostly clear: no A.B. to 9". 11/Clear. No A.B. to 103". 12|Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 13| Mostly ov’t. Moon.* 14|Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10}, 15|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. [A.B. suspected by F. B.] 16|Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 17|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94%. 18|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 19/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night.* 20|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 21)/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. 22|Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. or n’y so, to 10}, and p. all night. 23/Ov’t. Obs. impos. 24/Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 25|Mostly clear. No A.B. seen to 10". 26/Clear. Moon after about 73%. No A.B. seen to 10°, 27|Clear: moon aft. ab’t 9": no A.B. seen to 94°: within from 7+" to 9}. 28;Clear. No A.B. seen to 10%. Within from 7* to 9%. 29)Clear, mostly. No A.B. to 10", Could not myself look after 7". 30|/Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 31|P’y cP’r: no A.B. seen to 9", when N. much obse.: within 7" to 8}. Nov. 1|Partly clear. A.B. all the evening.* (299) 2\Clear. No A.B. to 10% 3|M’y cl’r: no A.B. seen to 73": within 74? to 945: at 10" much obse. 4|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. [by clouds. 5|Clear. No A.B. to 9". 6| Mostly clear. No A.B. to 103%. Z| 8 9 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and prob. all night. Within 7" to 83”. M’y ov’t: no A.B. seen to 93": obs. much embarrassed by haze and M’y ov’t: no A.B. seen to 10": at 10" the N. ov’t. [clouds. 10| Much clouded.* (300 11|Mostly clear. A very faint A.B. most of the evening.* 301 12| Mostly ov’t.* 302 Oct. 18th.—Strongly suspected some auroral light, but could not be certain. Watched at in- tervals until 9 30m, Oct. 19th.—At Peru, Clinton Co., N. Y., Mr. Edward D. Selden saw an A.B., a fine display. Noy. 1st.—Being occupied, could not observe much until from about 10h to 10h 30m. Up to 10h there was much general light, and not many streamers. From 10h to 10h 30m an ill-defined arch, vertex 10° high, more or less, amplitude 70°, more or less, little streaming; much gene- ral illumination. I hear that at 2h a.m. of 2d the light was very strong. [Red light seen by F. B Noy. 10th.—A moderate display, but mostly concealed by clouds. A general light in N. all the evening, reaching up 10° or 15°, but I saw no streamers. Iam told that at 8h there was in the W. a segment of a well-defined auroral bow, not reaching quite to zenith. Retired at 10h, Noy. 11th.—Embarrassed by clouds lying about the N. horizon. Noy. 12th.—A bow, probably auroral, from E. to W. (from 6h 40m to 7h 10m) moving upward or §., the sky being thinly overcast, so as to conceal the stars. No A.B. seeD in N. to 10h, but too cloudy for observation. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 93 1847. Noy. 13|Ov’t to 10", and doubtless all night. 14|Ov’t mostly to 8", and doubtless all night. 15|Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 10", 16|Too cloudy for obs. to 10". Moon. 17|P’y cl’r, but N. ov’t so that obs. n’y or quite impos. to 103": moon. 18| Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos, to 10%, and d’s all night: moon. 19|M’y ov’t: obs. impos. to 103", except in N. about 8": no A.B. seen. 20|Clear in part: moon: no A.B. to 103": N. much obse. at times. 21|P’y cl’r; N. too cl’y for obs. to 9" at least: moon: no A.B, seen to 9". 22/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night.* 23| Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 24|Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 9}, and doubtless all night. 25|Mostly clear after 7". A.B.* (303) 26| Mostly ov’t inthe N. A.B.* (304) 27|Ov’t early in evening to about 7°. After that mostly clear.* 28) Ov’t to 9", and obs. impos. : reported to me that about 10" it was el’r, 29| Very clear and cold. No A.B. to 92". [and no A.B, 30|Clear to 942. No A.B.* Dec. 1/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 2}Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 3)}Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless later. 4|Clear. Slight A.B. A few streamers about 83": at 94" cl’y. (305) 5|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9°, and probably all night. 6|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 7|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 8|Clear to about 9". After that ov’t to 10" at least. 9|Ov’t, doubtless all night. 10|/Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later, 11/|Clear after about 63". No A.B. to 10". 12|Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 13|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 104", and doubtless all night. 14/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Rain. 15| Mostly ov’t, and wholly so after 6}".* (306) 16|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103”, and doubtless all night. 17|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night.* 18|M’y ov’t. Moon. Obs. n’y or quite impos. to 10": no A.B. seen. 19|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10".* (307) 20|M’y ov’t: moon: no A.B. seen to 10"; no faint A.B. could have been 21;Ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 104", and d’s all night. [seen. 22\Ov’t early. Within from 7" to 10%, At 10" clear. Moon, No A.B. 23|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. 24| Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 10", and probably all night.* Noy. 22d.—At Peru, Clinton Co., N. Y., Mr. Edward D. Selden saw a splendid A.B. about 10h, Noy. 25th.—A fine rosy glow in N.N.W. from 6h 15m to 6h 45m; after that an arc of about 200° amplitude, 10° or 15° high at vertex, and some streamers. Noy. 26th.—Much inferior to that of 25th, and greatly obstructed by clouds. A few stream- ers about 6h 30m, afterwards only a general light seen to 10h, Noy. 27th.—I slightly suspect a faint auroral light low along the N. horizon, but am not sure. Observed to 10h, Noy. 30th.—Y¥et occasionally I suspected a slight illumination along northern horizon. At 10h overcast. Dec, 15th.— About 6h 15m saw a patch of red light in N.N.E. which was probably auroral, and after, before the sky became overcast, thought I saw other unusual light. Dec. 17th.—In Europe, A.B. seen Dee. 17th, at 7h p.m. L’ Institut, Dec. 22d, 1847. Dec. 19th.—At 5h 30m a.m. of 20th, and doubtless earlier, a grand display of A.B. Auroral Waves seen soon after 10h of 19th, by Dr. Charles Hooker. Dec. 24th.—A.B. slightly suspected, there being a light streak low in N. horizon. Perhaps due to opening in clouds. ° 94 Herrick’s Auroral Register. 1847. Dec. 25|/Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 95 at least. 26| Very clear. No A.B. to 10, and none at 5" and 6" a.m. of 27th. 27/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 28/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. 29|/Clear. No A.B. to 105. 30, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 31)Ov’t and foggy. Obs. impos, to 10", and doubtless all night. an. 1/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t in morn. 2|M’y ov’t in N. to 9", when chiefly clear; cl’rat 535: no A.B. seen. 3) Generally clear, but the N. much obscured.* (308) 4|Clear. No A.B. to 944. 5|/Ov’t, and rainy in part. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless later. 6 | 7|Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 94", and p. all night.* 8) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 9|Clear. No A.B. to 10% At 52" a.m. clear, and no A.B. 10|Clear. Moon until about 83". No A.B. to 93". [to 9s". 11| Mostly ov’t: moon: afew stars dimly seen part of ev’g: obs. impos. 12/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". 13 /Ov’t; drizzle. Obs. impos. to 94", and doubtless all night. 14, Ov’t; rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 15 Ov’t; rainy. Obs. impos. to 94, and doubtless all night. 16| Mostly ov’t. Moon. N. tolerably clear about 9". No A.B. seen.* 17/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. 18|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 944, 19|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. 20} M’y cl’r, but N. embarrassed by c’'ds: no A.B. seen to 93": moon. 21|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 22|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9". At 9" nearly ov’t. 23|Clear. Moon rose about 83".* (309) 24|Clear. No A.B. to 10". 25|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 26|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 27|Ov’t most of the evening. Clear about 10" and after.* 28) Almost wholly ov’t. A.B. first seen about 63°.* (310) 29/Clear. No A.B. to 93". 30;/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night.* 31\Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 92", and doubtless all night. Feb. 1/)Clear, mostly. No A.B. to 9%. 2|Clear. No A.B. to 10% [all night. 3|M’y c’r early: no A.B. to 8": cl’y after.: obs. impos. to 10", and p. Jan. 3d.—A moderate A.B., first noticed about 7h, although the sky was before 7h more clear. ‘Light extended from about N. 5° E. to about N. 35° E. and about 8° to 15° high; no streamers seen; west of this clouded. Light visible in N.N.E. without much change, except as caused by clouds, to 9h 30m, when I ceased to look. Jan. 7th.—A light streak on N. horizon at times; possibly due to A.B., or thinness of clouds there. : Jan. 16th.—At East Hartford, Conn., an auroral display was seen before daybreak, through epening in the clouds, on the morning of the 16th, and also transiently about 8h p.m. [Profes- sor A. D. Stanley. ] Jan, 23d.—Apparently a faint light in N. most of the evening. Probably a slight A.B. Jan. 27th.—Some suspicions of A.B. reported to me, but nothing positive. Did not watch. Jan. 28th.—A strong general light along N. horizon, reaching up about 5° or more; clouds very soon came over, and by ‘7h all was shut in; but before this, through openings in the clouds, a bright light appeared. f we Jan. 30th.—_Somewhat lighter on the N. horizon than elsewhere, occasioning slight suspicions Of A.B. Mostly ov’t; stars vis. in zenith part of ev’. Obs. impos. to 10%, | Herrick’s Auroral Register. 95 1848. ee Feb. 4,Ov’t, snowing and raining: obs. impos. to 10*, and p. all n’t.* (311) Mostly ov’t; oc’l cl’r spaces: no A.B. seen to 10", and obs. n’y impos. 6| Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 9" at least. 7|Ov’t to 93", and obs. impos.* (312) 8 9 or Clear. Moon.* (313) Clear to 9" and after: at 10" m’y ov’t: moon: no A.B. seen to 9". 10|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103%, 11|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 12|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". 13|P’y cl’r: moon and cl’ds: obs. n’y impos. to 9" at least: no A.B. seen. 14|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 15|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 16|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 92". 17|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 18|/Clear. Moon. Probably no A.B. to 94°, but somewhat suspected. 19|Ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 20\Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 83", and doubtless later.* 314 21|Mostly clear. A.B. all the evening.* 315 22)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 23|Clear. A.B, all the evening to 10" at least.* (316) 24| Mostly clear after 7° up to 10.* (317) 25) Mostly clear, but a long cloud in N. interferes somewhat.* 26|Clear. A faint A.B.* (318) 27|M’y c’r: no A.B.: from 5" to 6" a.m. cl’r: moon: no A.B. seen. 28|Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 29|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Clear. No A.B. to 10%, or possibly a faint illumination. Ov’t, and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtlesss all night. Very clear. No A.B. to 10°. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. No A.B: to 9°. Clear. No A.B. to 94". Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10% Clear. No A.B. to 9". Moon interferes. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 10/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94°. 11|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9}. Mar. oma norh WNH Feb. 4th.—Mr. Lucius W. Fitch states that he saw an undoubted A.B. through thin and scat- tered clouds, before midnight. Feb. 7th.—Between 10h and 11h partly clear, and a moderate A.B. I saw it but imperfectly. Some streamers. [Mr. 8. D. Pardee saw about 4h a.m. of 7th red auroral light through open- ings in the clouds. } eb. 8th.—A.B. moderate, a general light along N. horizon, perhaps 5° altitude and 80° am- plitude, and at 8h and 10h a pretty well defined belt, low down. I saw no streamers. Feb, 20th.—From 5h 30m to 6h 12m a.m. of 21st A.B., chiefly red. Streamers through ampli- tude of 90° or more, and 20° to 40° high. [At Cumberland, Md., Professor Forrest Shepherd saw, at 7h 30m of 20th, red auroral blushes in N. Sky clear there. ] Feb. 21st.—Up to 8h only a bright diffuse arch-shaped bank, 10° high. After 8h streamers 30° high, and much red light. At 10h N. entirely overcast. Feb, 23d.—Chiefly a light of 60° or more amplitude along N. horizon, clear and sometimes bright. Between 8k and 9h several bright streamers, none higher than 30°. Feb. 24th.—A.B. not very conspicuous from 7h to 8h, Within from 8hto 9b. At 9h and soon after, several streamers mingled with red patches; amplitude 60° to 75°, altitude 20° to 30°. At 10h some bright streamers. Feb. 25th.—Suspected a faint auroral light, but could not determine to 10h, Saw at 9h (?) what appeared to be a streamer. Feb. 26th.—Not noticed until between 9h and 10h, then several faint streamers reaching up to 10° or 15°; about 10h a diffuse light, brighter than before, but yet faint. 96 Ferrich’s Auroral Register. 1848. Mar. 12|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to —", and probably all night.* 13| Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. [of ev’g. 14|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 73", or 945 to 10", Within most 15| Clear. gs No A.B, seen to 10". Within most of evening. 16;Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 17| Clear, chiefly. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", 18|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 19|/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 944, p. later: at 5" a.m. cl’r: moon: no A.B. 20;Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless later. 21) Mostly clear. Moon rose about 8", No A.B. seen to 944, 22|Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. a ibs ee Bee we Ie, and probably all night. (319) ear. A.B. moderate. 25|Partly cloudy. No A.B. to 10%. At 10" ov’t, and obs. impos. 26 Ov't. Obs. impos. to sf" and probably all night. 27|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10°, and probably all night. 28) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to —", and doubtless all night. 29|Clear. No A.B. to 934 or 105, Within from 7* to 9". 30|Clear. A.B. for a short time about 8".* (320) 31)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably most of the night.* April 1|Clear. A.B., slight.* be Beautifully clear. A.B. moderate.* S22 2 3|Mostly cloudy. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 10". 4)/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 5|Clear.. No A.B. to 10%, 6|Clear. A.B.* 323 7,Clear.. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10".* ee 8|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 94°. 9|Clear. Moon. No A.B. 10;Clear. Moon. No A.B. [ quite impos. to 105. 11|M’y ov’t early ; n’y cl’r 9" to 10", except in N.: moon: obs. nearly or 12|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 13/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93%. 14|Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93", 15|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9$%.* 16|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 92". 17|Mostly clear. Cirrous streaks. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10" March 12th.—At and after 5h a.m. of 15th, sky overcast, clouds broken, very light along the horizon from N. to N.N.W. Suspected it to be due to A.B., but could not decide, for the clouds were too dense. March 24th.—Not seen until after 8h, visible to 10h; about 80° amplitude illuminated, 5° to 8° high, and an indistinct arch. Occasional streamers. About 11h a mass of red light in N.W., two streamers 60° high, more or less, and a distinct arch 5° or 10° high. March 30th.—At 7h 45m, more or less, a general light, and a pretty definite arch from N. 25° W. to N. 55° E., about 8° or 10° high. Soon after 8h this disappeared, and no trace of A.B. could be seen to 9h 30m at least. An unusual case. March 31st.—Some suspicions of unusual light about 9h; but perhaps due to varying thick- ness of clouds. April 1st.—From 9b to 10h I saw only a faint light, 30° amplitude, but no streamers. [At 11h A.B., bright. (F. B.)] April 2d.—General light, several streamers through amplitude of 70°, more or less, some 25° high, to 10h. April 6th.—Not much until 9h 30m, when streamers appeared through amplitude of 60° or more, reaching up 40° or more, and their tops immersed in diffuse red vapor. This continued ten minutes or more, when I retired. Between 10b and 11h, fine display, red light, streamers 60° high, two arches 20° and 40° high, undulations. Between 2h and 3h a.m. of 7th, another outbreak. This time reported to me. April 7th.—Dr. Charles Hooker informs me that about midnight the A.B. was visible; not very conspicuous, yet certain. April 15th.—A.B. at Worcester, Mass. No details. 15th Report of Mass. State Lunatic Hospital, Dec. 1848, p. 62. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 97 1 ° Ager 18 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. 19|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. 20|Clear. No A.B. Moon rose about 8$", No A.B. seen to 94%, 21/Clear. No A.B. to 93". 22/Partly clouded. No A.B. to 10°. 23|Mostly clear. No A.B. at 9%. 24/Clear. No A.B. to 93". [A.B. strongly susp. about 93°. (F. B.)] 25|Partly clouded. No A.B. to 94%. 26/Ov't. Obs, impos. to 11°. 27 | Mostly cl’r to 83": no A.B. seen: after 85" ov’t to 9", and p. all night. 28)/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. 29) Much clouded.* (325) 30 | Beautifully clear: no A.B. to 93". [A.B. slightly susp. (F. B.)] May 1/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94+. 2/Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 3|Clear. No A.B. to 934. 4/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 5'Much clouded. No A.B. seen to 10". 6|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103". 7)Ov't. Obs. impos. to 9". 8/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 9|Much clouded. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9", but obs. nee’y imperf. 10, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 11/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and p. all night. Rain during night. 12|Much clouded: moon: no A.B, seen 10" to 104": within before 10%, 13|}Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. 14| Partly clouded, and obs. impeded. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", 15 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably later. 16 |Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. [F. B.] 17|Clear: moon: no A.B, to 94", and none at 34" a.m. of 18th. [F. B. 18/Clear. Moon.* (396) 19 M’y cl’y: moon: obs. nearly impos.: no A.B. seen to 93". [F. B.] 20) Mostly cloudy. Obs. nearly impos. to 10". 21)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. 22/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 23/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94", and doubtless all night. 24)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 25/Ovwt. Obs. impos. to 104%, and doubtless all night. 26|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 93". 27|Clear. No A.B. to 93*.* (327) 28|M’y ov’t: bet’n 9" and 10" p’y cl’r; no A.B. then: obs. much obstr. 29/Cl’y early inev’g. Between 9" and 10" mostly cl’r. No A.B. to 10", 30|M’y ov’t: clear a short time about 9", and no A.B.: ov’t 94" to 10. 31| Very cloudy in N. after 944.* (328) June 1/Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 2!Clear. No A.B. to 93°. April 29th.—A.B. most of evening—a moderate strong light through amplitude of 70°, more or less, much obstructed by clouds; light perhaps 10° high. I saw no streamers to 10h. May 18th.—A.B. first seen about 9b 20m, an arch 7° to 9° high, and 75° amplitude, more or less. About 9h45m three or four streamers, bright, E.of N. Arc unbroken at 11b, At 12h all gone. [F. B.] E. C. H. at Southampton; no obs. b May 27th.—About 9h 30m Mr, F, Bradley saw a streamer, and one or two more. Very slight isplay. May 31st.—A.B.; a considerable display at 9h to 9h 30m, much obscured by clouds. About 9h a bright arch 5° or 8° high, and many streamers (not very bright) reaching up about 30°, After 9h 30m clouds concealed almost all to 10h 15m at least. 13 98 Herrick’s Auroral Register. 1848. June 3)Mostly ov’t in N. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 94%, 4'Clear. Moon begins to interfere. No A.B. to 9} 5 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all haa. 6/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93h, 7, Ov’t: obs. impos. to 10", [103*to11" N.n’y cl’r; no A.B. (F.B.)] 8 Mostly clear about 9". Moon. No A.B. seen. 9 M’y cl’r, but not enough so for good obs. : moon: no A.B, seen at 10”. 10 Mostly ov’t in the N. Moon. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 10°. A) (Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°, 12\Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. 13|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9° 20. 14| My cl’rto 9"; 9" to 10" much cl’ded: moon: no A.B. seen to 10°. 15 Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9" 20", 16|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 11, 17,Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 18 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. 19 Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 103", and pr robably all night. 20 Ov’t. Obs, impos. to 94", and probably all night. 21|Clear. No A.B. to 10}4.* 22 Considerably cl’ded: no A.B. seen to 103>: obs. n’y impos.* (329) 23 Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 93", oud probably all night.* 24/Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 25 Ov’t about N., and clear elsewhere. Obs. impos. to 9%". 26/Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 27/Partly clear. N. obstructed below about 20°. No A.B. seen to 92", 28 Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 29 Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 935. No A.B. seen. 30 Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", ae doubtless all night. July 1 Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10%, and doubtless all night. 2 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 3 ‘Clear, mostly. A faint A.B.* (330 4\Clear. A. B., slight, but I watched little.* be 5| Clear. No AB. at 93". 6 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably later. 7 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to a and probably most of the night. 8 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9}", and probably all night. 9 Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 94°, and doubtless all night. 10 Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%, 11 Partly clear. Fine A.B. from about 83" to 103". (332) 12 Oy’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 13 Ov’t chiefly to 10%, Obs. impos. to 10", and pr robably all night. 14 Mostly cl’r: moon: no A.B. to 92": n’y ov’t at 103": no A.B seen. 15/Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 103%. 16|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 103". 17/Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 93°. [Nor to 114%. (F. B.)] 18 Mostly clear. Moon, No A.B. seen to 10%, but clouds impair obs. 19| Mostly clear. Moon in part. No A.B. seen to 103°. 20/Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 21/Clear. No A.B. to 10". [N. hazy at times. (F. B.)] 22|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10°. June 21st.—A.B. slightly suspected about 10h 30m. [F. B.] June 22d.—Auroral light among clouds at 9h 30m, [F. B.] June 23d.—A.B. slightly suspected at 9h 15m through clouds, but exceedingly doubtful. [F.B.] July 3d.—Merely a slight illumination about 10h. I saw no streamers. July 4th.—About 1h a.m. of the 5th a few streamers were seen by Mr. Gurdon Eyans. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 99 1848. July 23;Much clouded. A.B.* (333) 24|N. much obstructed by clouds. No A.B. seen to 9}. 25|Clear. No A.B. to 94°. 26/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. 27/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9}", and probably all night. 28| Mostly ov’t to 94" at least. Obs. nearly impos.* 29/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103". 30| Very clear. No A.B. to 942. Rain in the night. 31/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless much later. Clear, except cloud low on N. horizon. No A.B, to 93°. Very clear. No A.B. to 10". Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9}". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 103". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". Clear. Moon. A.B., first noticed at 93>.* (334) Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. to 10".* 10/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%, and none at 2° a.m. of 11th. 11|Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. 12|Partly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103". No good obs. 3) Mostly cl’r; cl’d low in N. and N.W.: moon: no A.B. seen to 94". 14,Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Did not observe personally. 15|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". 16 Ov’t to 10": obs. impos.: at 103" m’y c’rin N.: moon: no A.B. vis. 17 Ov’t, chiefly. Moon. Obs. impos. to 10°. 18|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night.* 19|Clear. No A.B. to 9. 20|Clear. No A.B. to 8" 50", 21,Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93".* (335) 22'Clear. Suspicions of slight A.B. to 93*.* (336) 23 Much clouded to 9", and 9" to 93" ov’t. No A.B. seen to 9". 24|Clear. No A.B. to 944.* 25|Clear. No A.B. to 93°. 26|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 27\Clear. I suspect a faint auroral light about 10". No streamers. 28)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10, and probably all night. 29/Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 30|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 31/Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Sept. 1|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10%. [self observe, 2\Clear: moon begins to interfere: no A.B. seen to 10": did not my- CO O-1 Oo Or me OO te July 23d.—First seen about 8h 45m, At 8h 50m a large red spot about N. 65° W.; some streamers 40° high; general white light in N. About 11h a shower of rain. [At 12h partly clear; few streamers. Mr. M. C. Weld.] uy 28th.—Slight suspicions of A.B. about 9h 30m on horizon, perhaps due to contrast of clouds. Aug. 8th.—Several faint streamers, partly red, reaching up 40°; no arch. At 3h a.m. of 9th, a general ruddy light in the N. Aug. 9th.—No A.B. seen. Abroad from 1h to 3h 30m 4.m., sky partly clear, and after 3h very clear. No A.B. in this period, yet about 3h 15m some suspicions of A.B. made doubtful by the Aug. 18th.—A.B. suspected through clouds. Aug. 21st.—At ilh A.B. seen by Mr. Joseph 8S. Ruth. Several streamers. Aug. 22d.—A.B., faint but certain, seen by Mr. F. Bradley; a faint general light, and at least one streamer. Aug. 24th.—Suspected faint auroral light from 9h to 10b, [F. B.] 100 Herrich’s Auroral Register. 1848. Sept. 3)Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 8'.* (337) 4)Ov’t to 9", and probably later. Obs. impos. 5| Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". 6|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. 7|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9". 8| Mostly ov’t in N. to 93": moon: obs. nearly or quite impos. to 93". 9| Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". 10|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94". 11/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 12|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 83". 13/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 14|Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 15|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 104. 16/Clear. No A.B. to 104. 17|Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 84%, and doubtless all night. 18/Clear. No A.B. to 944, 19|/Clear. No A.B. to 9%, 20/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". At this time, clouds breaking. 21| Very clear. No A.B. to 9%. 22|Partly clear. At 9" ov’t. No A.B. seen. 23|Clear. No A.Byto 9. 24| Mostly ov’t. No A.B. seen to 9", and probably none occurred. 25| Mostly ov’t. No A.B. seen to 10. 26|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 27| Mostly ov’t. No A.B. seen to 10°. 28) Clear to about 9", when it became wholly ov’t. No A.B. to 9", a 29)Ov’t. Obs, impos. to 9", and probably all night. 30/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Oct. 1)Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. 2)Ov't and raining. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 3/Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. - 4/Ov’t early part of evening; at 8" clearing away. NoA. B. then. 5|Ov’t to 8" at least, and obs. impos. 6|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9".* 7 8 Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 83. Clear, Moon. Suspected a slight A.B., but uncertain to 9". 9|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". 10|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 11|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Within from 7" to 92°, 12|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%, 13| Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. to 10", and prob. all night. 14|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 105. 15|Clear. Moon rose about 8°. No A.B. to 9". 16|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 17|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. 18|Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to ie and doubtless all neh 19| Almost wholly ov’t. Some suspicions of A.B. to 9$'.* Sept. 83d.—Dr. Chas. Hooker informs me that at midnight of 3d—4th, and at 2h a. M. of 4th, there was a general light in N., but no streamers. He says it was an undoubted A.B. Oct. 6th.—At Cambridge, Mass., a partial auroral belt was seen by Mr. William C. Bond, from 9h to 10b, It passed overhead southwardly. See NW. Y. Tribune, Oct. 10th. Oct. 18th.—A grand A.B., coronal, seen in England; described by Weld, Lond., Edin, and Dub. Phil. Mag., Nov. 1848. Oct. 19th. —Slight A.B. in England; described by Weld, Phil. Mag., Noy. 1848. A.B. at Wor- cester, Mass. 16th Report Mass. Lunatic Asylum, “No details. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 101 1848. Oct. 20|Clear latter part of evening, after about 8°. No A.B. to 93".* 21)/Ov’t. Obs, impos. to 9" at least. 22/Clear. A.B., slight.* (338) 23|Clear. A.B., seen soon after 6.* (339) 24|Cl’y to 9": obs. impos. : bet’n 9" and 10" cl’red off: no A.B. to 10". 25|Mostly clear. A.B.* (340) 26| Considerably clouded.* (341) 27| Mostly ov’t after 8": no A.B. to 8": after that obs. n’y impos. to 93". 28| Very much obstructed by clouds. No A.B. seen to 93}, 29)Ov't and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 30| Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9". 31)Clear most of evening. No A.B. to 9°. Noy. 1)Clear, No A.B. to 94". Within most of the evening. 2\Clear. No A.B. to 9%. 3|/Clear. Moon interferes. No A.B. seen to 9", 4|}Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 93>. 5|M’y cl’r: no A.B. to 9"; I did not watch: at 54° a.m. cl’r: no A.B. 6| Mostly cl’r to 8°: no A.B.: after 8" N. considerably cl’ded: moon. 7\Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10%. 8|Too cloudy for obs. to 95" at least, and doubtless all night. 9|N. much clouded to about 9"; then clear to 10$": moon: no A.B. 10|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 104". 11/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". 12)Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. 13|Clear. No A.B. seen to 95. Moon rose about 73*. 14/Cl’r to about 8", no A.B.: after 8" clouding, and obs. difficult to 10". 15| Mostly clear.* (342) 16| Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 9", and d’s all night. 17|Ov’t.* (343) 18/Much clouded. Slight A.B. at times, low on horizon. (344) 19| Almost wholly ov’t.* (345) 20| Mostly clear, but some clouds about N. No A.B. to 9". 21| Mostly ov’t.* (346) 22|Mostly clear to 9".* (347) 23|Clear. A.B. between 6" and 7%.* (348) Oct. 20th.—A.B. suspected about 8h50m, [F. B.] Slight A.B. in England; described by Weld, Phil. Mag., Nov. 1848. Oct. 22d.—A faint but distinct illumination along N. horizon. I saw no streamers, but did not watch long. [Between 10h and 11h, Mr. M. C. Weld saw a few low streamers. ] Oct. 23d.—Between 6h and 7h a fine display of streamers, with much red light, some 40° to 50° high, through amplitude of 60° more or less. After 7h and to 9h, not much display, a gen- eral light only. Oct. 25th.—Not very conspicuous; principally after 9h; a light low in N., occasionally a few streamers. [A red light in N. before dawn of 25th, seen by Mr. M. C. Weld. ] Oct. 26th.—A.B., slight ; light low along N. horizon. I saw no streamers to 9h, Novy. 15th.—About 9k a very slight A.B., a little W. of N. Most of the evening I could not see any traces of it. Novy. 17th.—Remarkably light, now and then a red hue in the clouds, and reflected on the snow. Probably a great aurora behind. [Unwell and did not observe.}] A magnificent crim- son coronal A.B. seen in Maine, Western New York, &e. Novy. 19th.—Only a small partial opening in N. Here at 9h and after, was a light so strong that I have no doubt there was an A.B. behind. I hear that between 8h and 9h the light in the N. was stronger and of a red hue; sky overcast thinly. Nov. 21st.—At times nearly clear, except in N. A pretty bright A.B. much obscured by clouds. Amplitude 75°, more or less, and height 5° to 79, as far as could be determined. Seen from 6h to 9h, and no further observation. Nov. 22d.—A slight A.B., brightest before 7h, and gradually disappearing about 8h, At 9h, overcast. I saw no streamers, but only a very faint, ill-defined light, like a reflection of an A.B. below horizon. Nov. 23d.—Several streamers, some 30° high. After 7h, and up to 9h, I could not be sure of the least auroral traces. 102 Ferrich’s Auroral Register. 1848. Noy. 24,Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless most of night. 25 | Clear.* (349) 26] Clear.* (350 27/Clear. m’y cP’r: moon: no A.B, seen to 93". Mostly clear. Moon, No A.B. seen to 10°. ‘Very clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", ‘Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93%. Within most of evening. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", Cleared off during night. M’y cl’r, but cirri about N.: moon after 74": no A.B. seen to 9". Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Clear. No A.B. to 9°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs, impos. to 9", and probably all night.* Ov’t to about 10.* (359) Clear. No A.B. to 10", but occasionally suspected. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 94+, |Clear. No A.B. to 10"; between 9" and 10" some faint suspicions. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. Cleared off during the night. Nearly ov’t to 63"; ov’t at 9" and to 10": obs. impos.: cl’r at 6" a.m. M’y ov’t: no A.B. seen to 93": [tolerably cl’r part of ev’g. (F. B.)] Clear. No A.B. to 10°.* Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93" at least. Much clouded: no A.B. seen to 10"; obs. nee’y very imperfect. Clear. No A.B. to 103". Oy’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ovy’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night.* M’y ov’t: obs. impos. to 10", and @’sall n’t: did not obs. personally. Clr to ab’t 9", when cl’ds began to fill the sky: moon: no A.B. to 9", Much obse. by cl’ds: moon: no A.B. seen to 8": obs. nec’y imperf. Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. Partly cl’r: moon: no A.B. seen to 10": cl’ds interf. considerably. Much cl’ded early: moon: obs. unc.: n’y cl’r ab’t 9", and no A.B, Snowing to ab’t 8"; at 9" c’ring; at 10" very cl’r except cl’d low in Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93°. [N.: moon: no A.B. at 10", Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103? at least. Clear most of ev’g, N. becoming cloudy about 9", No A.B. to 9%. Ov’t: obs. impos. to 9": soon after c?ds broke, and moon rose. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably most of night. Mostly clear.* (360) Much embarrassed by clouds. No A.B. seen to 94°, Clear. No A.B. to 94". Within from 8}? to 9}, Clear. A.B.* (361) Jan. 14th.—N. appeared lighter than other parts, causing suspicion of A.B. Jan. 15th.—At 10h clouds were breaking away in the N. and revealed auroral light. I saw no streamers, but did not watch long. Jan. 23d.—Between 9h and 10h I suspected the refleetion of an aurora below the horizon. Jan. 29th.—Rain in the night. About 9h the N. horizon seemed to be lighter than other quarters, perhaps moonlight, perhaps A.B. Feb. 13th.—A.B. faint and doubtful to 7h 45m, when it was decided. Amplitude 70° more or less, with some streaming. I saw no streamers higher than 10°. At 9b and after cloudy. Feb. 16th.—Slight and uncertain until about 9h 30m, when and after to 10h, it was plain; but then only an illumination along N. horizon, amplitude 40°, altitude 2° or 38°. Isawno streamers. 104 Herrick’s Auroral Register. 1849. | Feb, 17 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 18 Much clouded early part of evening.* 19 Clear.* (362) 20 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9, and doubtless all night. 21, CPr to ab’t 8", then cl’ding ; by 83" ov’t, and so to 10": no A.B. to 8, 22 Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 94h, and probably all night. 23 | Clear.* 24|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 25 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 24 Ov’t; slight rain and sleet. Obs. impos. to 9", and d’s all night. 71 Ov t. Obs. impos. to 94°, and doubtless all night. 28 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night, March 1 | Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 2 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. 3/Too cloudy for obs. to 9, At 10 clear, and no A.B. Moon. 4 Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". 5|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10. 6 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 7 Cl’r after 8" or 84": moon: no A.B. seen to 94"; cl’y early in ev’g. 8 Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103°. 9 Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%, 10|Clear. Moon after about 8". No A.B. to 9". 11/Clear. No A.B. to 83". 12|/Ov’t. Obs, impos. to 103°. 13|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9". 14/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. 15 Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 11". 16,Clear. No A.B. to 10$*. 17/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94°. 18|Clear. A.B. all the evening.* (363) 19|Clear. Slight A.B.* (364) 20 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Rain. 21/Ov’t and showery. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 22|Very clear. No A.B. to 10°. 23| Mostly clear, but growing cloudy about 9". No A.B. to 94" 24| Mostly ¢ lear, but hazy , about horizon. No A.B. to 944, 25/Ov't and raining. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 26 Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 9$", and doubtless all night. 27 Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 28/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 29/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably most of the night. 30/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 31/Partly clear. Moon. No A.B. to 94%, but obs. nec’y imperfect. April 1|Very clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%.# 2|Clear. Moon, No A.B. seen to 93°. [obs. impos. 3'M’y cl’y, and ab’t 9" and after ov’t: moon: no A.B. seen to 9"; after Feb. 18th.—A.B. then suspected. May have been due to contrast of open sky with clouds. After 8h to 9h 30m nearly clear and no A.B. From 5h to 6h A.M. of 19th clear and no A.B. Feb. 19th.—Early part of evening, no A.B. discernible until between 7hand 8h, About 7h 40m the A.B. bright, 75° amplitude, and 10° altitude; scarcely any streamers. Feb. 23d.—At 7h 30m and other times suspected a faint auroral light, but could not be abso- lutely certain. Watched to 10h. March 18th.—An arch of about 100° amplitude, and 10° to 15° altitude at vertex, with a few streamers now and then. Visible up to midnight at least. March 19th.—A faint light on N. horizon, visible from 7h 20m to 8h, After 8h and up to 9h, I could see no trace of it. April 1st.—A.B. strongly suspected by F. B., but no streamers seen. 1849. April 4 Ferrick’s Auroral Register. 105 Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 94", and probably all night. Clear most of evening. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". M’y ov’t: moon: no A.B. ¢’d be seen; obs. n’y or quite impos. to 9", Within doors from 7" to 82".* Clear. No A.B. to 10}#*. Moon after about 9%. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Very clear. No A.B. to 10%. Clear. No A.B. to 10}*. Growing cloudy after 9°. Ov’t: obs. impos. to 103", p. much later: cl’ds broken here and there, Mostly clear, except near N. horizon.* Clear. No A.B. to 105. Mostly ov’t.* Clear. No A.B. from 93° to 10%. Within the house before this. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Clear. No A.B. to 10", and none from 1» to 2% a.m. of 20th. Clear.* Mostly ov’t, but tolerably clear after 9". No A.B. seen to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 9}. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. Mostly clear. Within from 8" to 10%, No A.B. at 10", or to 104%. Clear. Within doors from 73 to 944. No A.B. at 944, or to 10°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 104. [after. Clr to ab’t 9"; aft. growing cl’y to 10": moon: no A.B. seen to 9" or Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 93". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93°. Obs. imperfect. Mostly ov’t. Moon. About 93" clear spaces. No A.B. seen to 93". Partly clear. No A.B. to 94%. Did not observe personally. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. N. obse. at 83°: moon. [F.B.] E.C.H.in N.Y. City: ov’tat 9". Ov’t to 9", and d’s later. [F. B.] In N.Y.: obs. n’y impos. at 94°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 94, and doubtless all night. \Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. \Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94", and doubtless all night. Chiefly clear, but hazy. No A.B. to 92". Much clouded. No A.B. to 10", Partly clear, but very hazy. No A.B. seen to 9%. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to midnight. Mostly cl’y; later in evening clouds broken. No A.B. seen to 93". Cloudy, and then clear. No A.B. to 93". Mostly cloudy. No A.B. seen to 93", but obs. uncertain. Much clouded. Obs. nearly impos. No A.B. seen to 10", Clear. No A.B. to 10". Within from 94 to 10", Clear. No A.B. to 10". Mostly clear, but hazy. No A.B. to 9}. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. April 8th.—From this to 9h 15m, sky much clouded. Moon. Observation very much embar- rassed. Some suspicions of A.B., but hard to determine, to 9h 15m, April 14th.—No A.B. certainly seen, but somewhat suspected about 9h 45m; clouds in N, make it unccrtain. April 16th.—Some suspicions of unusual light, but probably due to contrast of sky and cloud; this about 9h. April 20th.—Some suspicions of A.B. between 9h and 10h, but no certainty to 10h, 14 106 Herrick’s Auroral Register. May 22| Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94", and doubtless much later. 23| Mostly clear. No A.B. to 947. 24|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. 25)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 944, and probably all night. 26|Clear. No A.B. seen to 93". Moon begins to interfere. 27)/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 28|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Rain in night. 29|/Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 104°, and doubtless all might. 30|Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 31)/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. June 1|Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 93", and prob. all night. 2)/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. 3|Mostly clear to about 94%. Moon.* | fore too cl’y for obs. 4|M’y ov’tto 10": moon: ab’t 10" N. tolerably cl’r: no A.B. seen: be- 5|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". [play c’d not have been seen. 6 7 8 Sky embarrassed by cirri: moon: no A.B, seen to 10"; a mod. dis- Cirrous cl’ds: moon: obs. n’y impos. to 10", p. alln’t: no A.B. seen. Clear. No A.B. to 93% 9/Ovt. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. 10/Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 11|Cl’r, but som’t hazy. No A.B. 10° to 104°. Within previously. 12| Clear.* (365) 13|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 104", and probably all night. 14|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 104", and doubtless all night. 15|Clear to 10", but somewhat hazy: no A.B. to 10°: at 104% N. ov’t. 16/Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 17|Clear. No A.B. certainly seen to 95 50™.* 18|Clear. No A.B. to 105. 19| Clear, though somewhat hazy about horizon. No A.B. to 10". 20|Clear. No A.B. to 104%. 21|Clear, but hazy about horizon. No A.B. to 10". 22|Clear but hazy and dusty. No A.B. to 10". 23|Clear. No A.B. to 92 50™ 24/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", 25|Clear. Moon. No A.B. at 114. 26|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10". 27|Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 28|Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 114%, and doubtless all night. 29/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 30;Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". July 1|Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 2|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 3|Clear between 9" and 10". Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 4| Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 93%, 5|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93%. 6| Many cirrous clouds: moon: obs. n’y impos. to 93": no A.B. seen, 7\Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 944. 8/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 924, 9/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 92", and probably all night. 10|Clear to 935, and no A.B. After 94% ov’t to 98 50™, and p. all n’t, June 3d.—Then and after, thinly overcast. No A.B. certain; yet at 9h 30m the N. seemed un- usually light, exciting some suspicions of A.B. Cloudy during the night probably. June 12th.—Some suspicions of auroral light about 10h, but not certain. [A.B., seen by Mr. Charles R. Goodrich (Senior Class) about 11h, A few streamers were seen, but no great display. ] June 17th.— About 9h 45m suspected a very faint light in N. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 107 Very clear. No A.B. at 10%. Clear. A.B. about 93" to 10%.* (366) Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Cloudless, but very hazy. No A.B. seen to 10". Clear, except a little cloudiness about the N. No A.B. to 93°. Clear for the most part, but N. somewhat cloudy. No A.B, to 10". Cloudless, but hazy. No A.B. to 10". Did not observe personally. Clear, except a few clouds in N. No A.B. to 10" 10”. Mostly clear to about 9}, after which ov’t. No A.B. to 93". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and d’s all night. Showers in the night. Much el’ded, after 93" wh’y so: no A.B, seen to 93"; obs. n’y impos. Clear. No A.B. to 94+. Mostly clear. Slight A.B. between 9" and 10".* (367) M’y el’r to 93", aft. cl’y to 10", and obs. impos. : no A.B. seen to 93", Ov’t and drizzling. Obs. impos. to 94%, and probably all night. Ov’t and showery. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably later. M’y cl’r, but many long cirrous cl’ds: moon: no A.B. seen to 10”. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 1034. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 93". Clear in part. Moon. No A.B. to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. Cl’r early: moon: no A.B. seen to 93": bet’n 11" and 12" N. ov’t. Mostly clear. Some cirri. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. No good obs. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9$", and doubtless later. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9%, and probably all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Clear. No A.B. at 93%. Clear. No A.B. to 105. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and all night. ain in the night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Mostly ov’t. Obs. n’y impos. to 9$* at least: no A.B. seen to 93". Mostly ov’t early part of evening.* Ov’t; copious showers in night: obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all n’t.* Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93". Clear. No A.B. to 10". Some clouds about 92". Mostly clear, but N. somewhat obscured. No A.B, to 103". Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. . No A.B. to 9". Clear. No A.B. to 105. Clear. No A.B. to 1032. Partly clouded. No A.B. seen to 9”. M’y cl’ded, and after 9" obs. impos. to 10": moon: no A.B. seen. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10". Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9°. E. C. H. at Northampton, Mass. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10". M’y cl’r to ab’t 10", no A.B. seen: soon after 10" ov’t: so at 114°, and Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". [p. all night. July 12th.—Not much display, light along N. horizon, and about 9h 50m a streamer 15° high. Streamers seen by Mr. Francis Bradley about 9h 30m, July 23d.—Faint light low on N. horizon. I saw no streamers. Aug. 12th.—About 9h 40m, sky about half clear, but a low cloud in N. No A.B. seen to 9h 45m, yet slightly suspected. Aug. 13th.—At Middlebury, Vt., A.B. seen by Professor A. C. Twining. 108 Herrick’s Auroral Register. Aug. 30|M’y ov’t: moon: obs. n’y impos. to 94°, p. all night: no A.B. seen. 31|Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Sept. 1/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 2|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 944. 3|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 4/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9%, and doubtless all night. 5|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 6|Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 7|Clear, At 9" to 94" suspected a slight A.B.* (368 8|M’y ov’t: showers ab’t 84" and 944, intervals p’y cl’r: no A.B. seen. 9|Clear.* (369) 10/Clear. No A.B. to 944. 11|Clear. No A.B. to 9%. 12|Clear. No A.B. to 944.* 13/Clear. No A.B. to 9". 14/Clear. No A.B. to 9%. 15|Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. or nearly so, to 94%. 16| Nearly clear. Probably a slight A.B.* (370) 17) P’y cl’r to 8", after which m’y ov’t: no A.B. seen: at 93? still ov’t. 18| Mostly clear to 8}" at least. A.B. from dark onward.* (371) 19|Nearly clear. No A.B. to 94%. 20| Nearly clear. No A.B. to 10". 21|Nearly clear. Moon begins to interfere. No A.B. to 93". 22}Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. 23| Mostly clouded, but clear low in the N. Moon.* 24|Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 93". 25|Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9}*. 26|/Ov’t up to 9", and rainy. Obs. impos. [F. B.] 27|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10%. 28|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10°. 29)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 30/Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Oct. 1/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93". Cleared up in part after 10°. 2}Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", 3/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 4!Clear. Moon rose about 8°. No A.B. to 93%. 5|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. 6/Ov’t and stormy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 7 8 9 0 Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. 1 Sept. 7th.—At times I was nearly sure of one. A faint light of 10° amplitude, about north point nearly. I saw no streamers. Sept. 9th.—A faint A.B., as I think, with a shade of doubt. About 9h to 9h 15m a very faint light, like a just perceptible aurora. Sept. 12th.—A.B. seen by Mr. John Rockwell, near Portland, Me., 9h 30m; two arches, high- est at vertex 15°; some streamers. At Pittsfield, Mass., Mr. 8S. C. Brace saw an auroral belt, spanning sky from E. to W. horizon, and passing overhead, about 11h. Sept. 16th.—I was within doors from 7h to 8h 45m, About 9h, I saw what I took to be a seg- ment of an auroral arch low in the N., and only W. of N., but ten minutes after, on reaching an open place, I could see nothing of it, and I waited ten minutes without seeing any more of it. The N. in general seemed a very little lighter than common, but was slightly hazy. [A.B. seen by Mr. Francis Bradley at 10h 15m; no streamers. | Sept. 18th.—At 7h 58m a few streamers W. of N. and moving W., altitude at top 20°, At 8h 15m all faded, and I retired. [At 10h 30m faint light, but no streamers. (F. B.)] Sept. 23d.—About 9h, had.some suspicions of a little unusual light, probably due to moon- light. Same to 10h. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 109 1849. Oct. 11|Ov’t to 93", and obs. impos. At 10" clearing up, but no obs. after. Nov. Ov’t to 10" at least, and obs. impos. Clear. No A.B. seen certainly, but somewhat suspected.* (372 Clear. A.B. seen about 10", [Streamers seen by F. B.] (373 Nearly clear. N. horizon a little obscured. No A.B, to 11".* P’y cl’r to 7", and no A.B. seen; after 7" ov’t to 103", and obs. impos, Ov’t. ‘Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Much clouded. No A.B. certainly seen, but occasionally susp. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10.* Mostly clear to about 8"; after 8" no obs. possible to 10" at least. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Cloudiess, but hazy and smoky. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". Mostly ov’t, especially after 9". Moon. No A.B. seen to 8". Clear. Moon. No A.B, seen to 9". (?) Much clouded. Moon. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 9" at least. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. to 10". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. N. mostly ov’t, and obs. impos. to 9". Moon. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 945. Within from 73° to 94%. Very smoky and hazy: moon: obs. n’y soa to 10": no A.B. seen. M’y ov’t: obs. impos. to 9", and p. all night: m’y ov’t 5" to 6" a.m. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11, and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 944, and doubtless all night. Ov’t and misty. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy: obs. impos. to 10", d’s all n’t: thunder and lightning Ovy’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. [ab’t 9", Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. Cl’r: no A.B. to 8", when much obse. by cl’ds: at 5" a.m, cP, no A.B. Clear. No A.B. to 10". Within doors from 73" to 9%,* (374) Clear. No A.B. to 10% Did not watch personally. Clr, but rather smoky ab’t hor.: no A.B. to 94°: within from 7" to 9", Clear. No A.B. to 10". Very much cl’ded, and obs. n’y impos. to 10" at least: no A.B, seen. Mostly ov’t. No A.B. seen to 10%, and obs. nearly impos. M’y ov’t to 7"; after 8" wh’y so: obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all n’t. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. Cleared off in night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Within most of evening. Clear early: moon: after 8" oy’t, and obs. impos. to 10" at least: no Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 10". [ A.B. seen. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", At 53" a.m. of 26th very cl’r: no A.B. M’y ov’t to ab’t 8"; after that m’y cl’r: moon: no A.B. seen to 93". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. Much clouded. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. to 93". No A.B. seen. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Within most of ev’g. Oct. 13th.—At 10h an A.B., low down but plain; no streamers. [F. B. Oct. 15th.— A.B. seen at Cambridge, Eng. Lond. Phil. Mag., Feb., 1850, p. 116. Oct. 22d.—A.B. seen at Greenwich, Eng. Lond. Phil. Mag., Feb., 1850, p. 116. pi eer from 11h 15m to 11h 45m, streamers. (F. B.)] At 5h a.m, of 13th very clear, and no : 110 Z g Dec. 1849. sy) o OOTHMNPwWNDH Hervick’s Auroral Register. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93°. Cloudy in part. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9", but obs. very unc. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. Mostly clear to about 8", after cloudy to 9" at least. No A.B. seen. Clear to about 7", and no A.B.: after too cl’y for obs. to 94" at least. Very clear. No A.B. certain to 9".* (375) Mostly ov’t. No A.B. seen to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Very clear. No A.B. to 10%. Clear. No A.B. to 93%. Within doors from 64% to 9}. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9"; about 9" clearing, but not about N. hor. Mostly clear after 8°. No A.B. to 93°. Mostly ov’t to 9°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably most of the night. Clear. No A.B. to 8". Did not observe personally.* Clear. No A.B. to 10", but at times susp. a very faint light on hor. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. [ personally. M’y ov’t: moon: no A.B, seen to 9"; obs. n’y impos.: ed not obs. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably most of the night. Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Within most of ev’g. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and probably later. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Mostly clear. Moon after 73%. No A.B. seen to 9". Clear: moon late in ev’g: no A.B, to 10". Within most of ev’g. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably most of the night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably much later. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", Clearing off soon after 10". Very clear. No A.B. to 10%. Clear to 7" at least, and no A.B.: at 84" mostly ov’t, and p. all night. Ov’t: some sleet and much rain in ev’g: obs. impos. to 9", p. all n’t. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. x } 92 = Ov’t: obs. impos. to 9": cl’ring soon after: [no A.B. at 93", (F. B.)] Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9%, and probably all night. Clear. No A.B. to 10".* Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9%, and doubtless all night.* Clear. No A.B. to 10". Ov’t. - Did not observe personally. Clear, for the most part. No A.B. to 10°. ‘Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Dec. 7th.—About 9h suspected some faint light on the horizon. [At 12h A.B., no streamers. B Dec. 17th.—A.B. suspected by Mr. Francis Bradley at 11h. Jan. 12th.—About 10h the N. seemed to be a very little lighter than the rest of the heavens. Jan. 13th.—At 6h a.m. of 14th still wholly overcast, and N. appeared much lighter than the rest of the sky. Perhaps due to A.B., or to thinness of cloud there. Hervick’s Auroral Register. 111 Jan, 18]Ov’t to about 9". Between 9" and 10% clearing up.* (376) 19}Clear: no A.B., or perhaps about 10" ground for slight suspicion. 20|Thinly ov’t. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9", and obs. nearly impos. 21/Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 22| Ov’t early in ev’g, clear later. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103". 23|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 24| Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 25| Mostly ov’t. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", but obs. nearly impos, 26|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". 27|/Clear and mild. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94". 28|}Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 29; Clear. Moon after about 742. No A.B. seen to 10°. 30|Clear. Moon after 83". No A.B. to 1034. 31}Much clouded. No A.B. seen to 10", but obs. necessarily unc. Feb. 1/Cl’r first part of ev’g, becoming cl’y bet’n 9" and 10": no A.B. to 9%.* 2/Ov't; rain. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 3| Clear: avery faint aur. light in N. ab’t 9": Isaw no streamers. (377) 4|Ov’t early. After 8" clear, and no A.B. to 9%. 5| Very clear. No A.B. to 104", yet faintly suspected about 10%. 6|Clear early part of evening. A.B. about 7".* (378) 7|/P’ycl’r: no A.B. to 7* or at 10": cl’ds impair obs. : within, 7° to 10°. 8|}Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 9}Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 10| Very clear. No A.B. to 9°. At 5" a.m. clear, and no A.B. 11} Mostly cloudy to 10".* (379) 12|Muchcl’ded; obs. impaired: ab’t 10" cl’r; no A.B., yet som’t obse. 13|M’y cl’r, yet hazy: ab’t 10" m’y el’r, except cl’d low in N.: no A.B. 14} Ov’t and rainy before 7"; at 8" and after clear, and no A.B. to 10%, i> )}Clear. jNo.A.B. to 8". » [Oro 112.) ((E.'B:)] 16!Clear. No A.B. to 83°. 17|Clear. Moon begins to interfere. No A.B. to 9%. 18| Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 92". 19|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. 20|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". 21} Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B, seen to 10% 22|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10}4.* (380) 23)Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Did not observe personally. 24|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 25| Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B.seento 10%. Within from 8" to 944. 26| Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103%. Within most of ev’g. 27|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 28)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 1|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10.” 2) Chiefly clear early in ev’g: about 10" and after ov’t: no A.B. to 9%. 3|Clear. No A.B. to 95, and none at 5° a.m. of 4th.* 4|Clear. A.B. most of evening to 10" at least.* (381) Mar. Jan. 18th.—About 10h A.B. bright. I saw no streamers, looking a few minutes, but only a strong light about 5° high, amplitude 60° to 70°. Feb. 1st.—About 10h strongly suspected some auroral light low in the N. Feb. 6th.—A mere general light low on N. horizon. I saw no streamers, watching five or ten minutes. Within doors from 7h 30m to 10h. At 10h wholly overcast. Feb. 11th.—At 10h nearly ciear, except low cloud in N. and N.W. No A.B. then. [At 11h, A.B., low general light, no streamers. (F.B.}] Possibly this refers to the 12th. i FE) 11h an A.B., imperfect arch 4° to 5° high, 50° to 60° amplitude. No stream- ers. a. March 3d.—A.B. most probably, at 11h. [F. B.] March 4th.—Little general light; groups of streamers now and then, 20° to 30° high at top, and chiefly E. of N. 112 Flerrich’s Auroral Register. 5|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 6|Ov’t; copious rain, Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 7|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 8|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 9\;Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93". 10|Clear, A.B., slight.* (382) 11| Mostly clear to about 10*.* [ A.B. seen to 10". 12|M’y ov’t: obs. n’y impos. below alt. of 40° to 93"; clearer after: no 13|Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 14)Clear. No A.B. to 10". Within doors from 7" to 9° 15|Clear. No A.B. to 9°. 16|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9%, and doubtless all night. 17|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 8", and doubtless all night. 18|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 19| Very clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%, 20|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. 21) At 9° N. ov’t, and obs. impos. Within doors from 7* to 9%. 22/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 23/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 24|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". 25|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9}°.* 26/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. 27;Ov’t: obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all night. Did not myself observe. 28/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. 29|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94. [imperfect. 30\Som’t hazy and cl’y. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94", but obs. nec’y 31)Clear. Moon after 9" 25™.* (383) April 1|Mostly clear, though hazy about horizon. No A.B. to 10%. 2|Cloudless, but hazy towards horizon. No A.B, to 10°. 3/Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 104, and doubtless all night. 4)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and probably all night. 5|Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10, and doubtless all night. 6| Partly clouded to about 9"; after that clear.* 384 7\Clear. A.B., slight to 9°.* 385 8|Clear after 8"; previously more or less cloudy.* 9|Clear. No A.B. to 93. 10/Clear. No A.B. to 93°. 11|Hazy, and after 9° nearly ov’t. No A.B. to 93%. 12|Clear, chiefly. No A.B. to 10". Within doors most of evening. 13}Ov’t. Snow squalls. Obs. impos. to 93", and d’s much later. 14|Clear. No A.B. to 9". 15|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 16/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93%. 17|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". March 10th.—Not seen to about 10h, when there was a general light along the N., about 40° amplitude, and 5° altitude. I saw no streamers, but did not watch many minutes. March 11th.—No_A.B. to 10h, yet about 10h somewhat suspected. March 25th.—Brilliant display of A.B. at New York at 4h a.m. of 25th, according to JW. Y. Spectator of 28th inst. March 31st.—A.B. not very conspicuous. Amplitude 40° or 50°, altitude 5° to 8°. Isawno streamers, while looking ten minutes about 9b. April 6th.—A.B. beginning at dusk. Amplitude of light 100° to 110°, altitude 20° to 30°, much diffuse light, somewhat reddened. I saw not many streamers. The display was how- ever considerable. April 7th.—A general light 30° amplitude, more or less. I saw no streamers. Altitude 5° vic} r 79. April 8th.—No A.B. to 10h, or possibly a very faint light about 10h. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 113 M’y cl’r. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Did not myself observe. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. A cloud on N. hor., 5° high. Ov’t and misty. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. Ov’t; rain after 8". Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 103%. Clear. No A.B. to 93°. Clear. No A.B. to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 10". Half clear. No A.B. to 9°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Abundant rain. Half clear; many clouds about the N. No A.B. to 94°. Nearly clear.* (386) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 10%. [after 10": saw no A.B. Clr to 83": no A.B. [F. B.] E.C.H. at N. York: cl’y early; m’ycl’r Clear. No A.B. seen to 9$". Did not personally observe. Clear. A.B. from dusk to 93" at least.* (387) Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 95". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93" at least. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 103". No obs. here. [F. B.] E.C.H. at N. Y.: clear: no A.B. seen to 10°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 92. ‘Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 93". Clear. No A.B. to 94°. [sonally. Ov’tandr’y: obs. impos. to 10", and d’salln’t: did not observe per- Ov’t; rainy. Obs. impos. to 11, and doubtless all night. Much clouded. Moon, Obs. nearly impos. to 10", No A.B. seen. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Partly clear to 93", after that nearly clear. Moon.* (Ov’t; thunder shower bet’n 8" and 9": obs. impos. to 94", p. all n’t. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ae Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. lear. No A.B. to 105. Mostly clear. N. partly obscured by clouds.* Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 10". No A.B. seen. Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Clear. No A.B. to 10}. May 7th.—A.B. from dusk onward. Amplitude 80°, more or less, altitude of arch 6° to 10°; occasional 9h 50m onl faint streamers 10° to 12° high; arch not distinct, but rather bright. Watched to May 12th.—An imperfect arch of light just above the N. horizon, 8° or 4° elevated at center; amplitude 60°, more or less. I saw no streamers. May 27th.—No A.B. seen to 10h, yet somewhat suspected. June 2d.—No A.B. to 9h 50m, but slightly suspected about that time. 15 114 1850. June 6 July Herrickh’s Auroral Register. Clear in general, but hazy around horizon. No A.B. to 10°. Clear in general, but very hazy around horizon, No A.B, to 10". Ov't. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. M’y ov’t: ohs. n’y impos. to 103": no A.B, cert. seen; some slight Clear. No A.B. to 10". [ suspicions. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Mostly clouded. Moon. No A.B, seen to 10", but obs. n’y impos. Partly cloudy. Moon. At 11> no A.B. seen. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 105. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10, and probably all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°, Ov’t; rain. Obs. impos. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 103", Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t, thinly. Moon. Obs. impos. to 10%, and - probably all night. Clear, chiefly. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%, Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Nearly clear. N. somewhat clouded. No A.B. to 10%, Clr, except that the N. is partly obse. by c’'ds. No A.B. to 9" 50", Clear. No A.B. to 10", but slightly suspected about 10", Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all nicht. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t. Lightning d’g ev’g in N. Obs. impos. to 92", and d’s later. Clear. No A.B. at Tos, Within doors from 9° to 104, ‘i Nearly clear to 10°, but then clouding up, so as to prevent obs. Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 10}. Clear.* 388 Clear. No A.B. to 10%.* 389 Ov’t early; clearing towards 10": no A.B. to 10", but N. som’t obse. Ov’t at 10". Scud from south. Obs. impos. Owt; rainy. Obs. impos. to 10, and prob. all night. [impos. Mostly clouded with sea-scud: moon: no A.B. seen to 10": obs. n’y Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. P’y ov’t: obs. impos. to 10". [N’y cl’r, low cloud in N., no A.B. at Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. [10°: moon, (F. B.)]} Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. Nearly ov’t; clouds broken. Moon. Obs. impos. to 10". Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 98 50. [Norto1l* (F. B.)] Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless later. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10°. July 6th.—A.B. strongly suspected at 9h 45m. [F. B.] July 11th.—Fine display of A.B., beginning as early at a as Sh 55m, July 12th.—A.B. about 12h; faint, some streamers. [F. B.] Ferrick’s Auroral Register. 115 July 27|Ov’t to 103", and probably all night. Obs. impos. 28) Mostly ov’t to 10". Unwell and did not observe personally. 29| Mostly clear, but some clouds about the N. No A.B. to 10}. 30| Much cl’ded until about 10", when nearly cl’r. No A.B. seen to 10°. 31/Ov’t in N.; obs. n’y impos. to 10"; el’rin S.E. and zenith 93" to 10". Aug. 1|Cl’rto 10", when sky n’y filled with thin broken cl’ds: no A.B, to 10", 2| Nearly clear. No A.B. to 103". 3)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. 4|Clouded below alt. of 30°. Clear above. No A.B. seen to 94%. 5|Clear for the most part, but some clouds in N. No A.B. to 10". 6|Ov’t. Thunder shower 8" to 93". Obs. impos. to 10" at least. 7|Much clouded. About 10" N. nearly clear. No A.B. then. 8| Very hazy. Obs. nearly impos. to 10%. Ov’t at daylight of 9th. 9|Mostly clear. A.B.* (390) 10|Clear. Probably a faint A.B. about 9%. Retired at 93".* (391) 11/Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9%. 12) Clear, but somewhat hazy about horizon. Moon.* 13, Ovy’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. 14/Ov’t; clouds broken. Moon. Obs. impos. 15| Ov’t until about 10", when N. p’y c’r: moon: no A.B. seen to 10°. 16| Mostly ov’t. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", but obs. nec’y imperf. 17|Clear. Moon.* 18 | Clear to 934, when the N. was ov’t. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93".* 19|M’y ov’t. Moon. Obs. n’y or quite impos. to 95", and p. all night. 20|Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless later. 21)Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93°. [Norto 11% (F. B.)] 22 Mostly cl’r, but some cl’ds low in N.: moon: no A.B. seen to 103. 23) N. mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 11). 24) N. ov’t, and before 10" the whole sky ov’t: obs. impos. all night d’s. 25|Clear. No A.B. seen to 9°. 26\Clear. No A.B. seen to 10}. 27/Clear. No A.B. to 9%. 28|Clear. No A.B. to 94". [A.B. slightly suspected at 103". (F.B.)] 29|/Clear. No A.B. to 92. 30| Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9". 31|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Sept. 1)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 2)Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 3/Clear. A.B., no streamers seen, low on hor., chiefly E. of N. (392) 4|/Clear. A.B., diffuse light, some streamers. (393) 5|/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and prob. all night. [p. all night. 6| M’y ov’t after 8": no A.B. seen to 9", but obs. after 8" n’y impos., and 7|Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 8|Clear. No A.B. to 8. |A.B. strongly suspected at 103%. (F. B.)] 9;Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. 10! Mostly ov’t to about 9", then partially clearing.* (394) Aug. 9th.—First seen about 8h 45m, then a faint light along N. horizon, visible most of the night. About 1h a.m. of 10th, arch 2° or 3° high, amplitude 70°, more or less; many stream- ers 20° to 30° high; streamers again between 2h and 3h. Aug. 10th.—Streamers. [Mr. Mason C. Weld.] Aug. 12th.—No A.B. to 10h, yet slightly suspected. a A.B. seen to 10h, but I scarcely made any observation. [A.B. suspected. . B.) Aug. 18th.—A.B. suspected at 10h 15m, [F. B.] Sept. 10th.—An A.B. was seen at 9h, many streamers, not very bright, through amplitude of 60° or more, chiefly W. of N., reaching up 10° or 15°, cloud on horizon concealing much. At 9h 15m, more cloudy and little to be seen, 116 Herrick’s Auroral Register. 1850. Sept. 11|Clear. Moon begins to interfere. No A.B. to 944, Oct. 12 K. C. H. at Lyme. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10", [F.B.] Did not watch personally, Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9".* Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". E. C. H. at New York City. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". E.C. H. at N. Y. City. At 103" clear: moon: no A.B. seen to 103", Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94%. Clear. Moon, No A.B. seen to 10%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9", Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9$*. Slightly suspected about 8", Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10 at least, and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. [later. Ov’t; thunder shower 8" to 9", and later: obs. impos. to 94", and d’s Ov’t to 83": aft. c’dsab’t N.: no A.B. seen to 934, but obs. imperf. Clear: no A.B. seen to 10": within most of ev’g: obs. not thorough. Clear, except N. partly clouded.* 395) Very clear, A.B.* 396) Very cl’r. A.B., streamers 20° to 30° high, seen to ab’t 10". (397) Clear. Slight suspicions of A.B. during the ev’g; unc. at 93". Clear. No A.B. Unwell, and did not watch personally. M’y ov’t to about 94", and obs. impos. At 92" clear, and no A.B. Clear. No A.B. to 93". Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Mostly ov’t in N. No A.B. seen to 9", and obs. nearly impos. Cloudy and hazy, but N. clear in part. No A.B. to 103". Cl’ss but hazy. Moon begins to interfere. No A.B. seen to 10°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 9" at least. Mostly owt. Moon. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 9". Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%, Ov’t. Moon, Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 104", and doubtless all night. Cloudy early in ev’g. At 9" (at least) clear: moon: no A.B. to 93%. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 103". Cloudless, but hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 10". Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t; some rain. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t; rainy. Obs. impos. te 94", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. at 7°. Within doors from 7" to 9*.* (398) Clear. No A.B. to 1034. Sept. 15th.—A.B. at Newport at midnight; red light. [Professor James Hadley. ] Sept. 30th.—A.B. slight, not suspected until about 9h, A low diffuse light, amplitude 30° or At 10h brighter, sky cloudier. I saw no streamers. Oct. 1st.—First seen at 9h, probably visible earlier; a general light. (Streamers between more, ‘Th and &h,) Oct. 27th.— About 9h a slight A.B., merely a faint diffuse light extending 2° or 3° upward from horizon. | Dec. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 117 Clear. A very slight auroral illumination about 7°.* (399) M’y cl’r to 7", no A.B.: within 7" to 93"; much cl’ded 93" to 11"; obs. Clear. No A.B, to 10%. [n’y impos. : no A.B, seen. E. C. H. at Hartford. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10” at least. Partly clear. No A.B. to 7%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 8", and doubtless all night. Nearly clear, growing hazy. No A.B. to 103%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. [seen. P’y cl’r 6" to 7"; soon after 7" ov’t, and thus to 103" at least: no A.B. Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 9|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93%. [no A.B. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seento 9" At5" a.m. of 11th very cl’r, and M’y ov’t to 7": moon: obs. impos.: within 7" to 9": at 9" ov’t, and Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. [obs. impos, to 10%, p. all n’t. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 92", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and d’s all night. [obs. M’y ov’t: moon: within 7" to 8": before, and after to 9", too el’y for Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably later. Much clouded. Moon. Obs. impos. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93, Clear. Moon after about 8". No A.B. to 9". Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 9°. Clear. Within from 7% to 9". No A.B. to 93%. [impos. to 10°, Cl’r to 7", no A.B.: m’y within 7" to 9"; aft. 9" m’y ov’t, and obs. n’y Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Partly clear. Did not watch personally. Ov’t; drizzling rain. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 9". Nearly clear. No A.B. to 74". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 103", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. |Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ovt and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". Cleared up about 10". Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Within fron 7" to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Cloudy early; after 8" mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9}*, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 92" at least. Cloudy. Obs. impos. to 93" at least. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93°. Partly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 95, Clear: moon: no A.B. seen to 934: within 7" to 9": ov’t at 42 a.m. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ciear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 20|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 944. Oct. 29th.—Looking several times after, I saw no trace of it to 10h, Feb. Hervickh’s Auroral Register. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93". About 93" clouds slightly broken. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", at which time sky clearing up. Clear. No A.B. to 93". % * * * % % * * Very clear. No A.B. to 9". Within doors most of evening. Ov’t; snow and sleet. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". At 6" a.m. of 30th clear, and no A.B. Clear. No A.B. to 9", but at times slightly suspected. Ov’t, but toward midnight a few stars oc’y vis.: obs, impos. to 12%, Sky very clear. No A.B. visible to 9°. E. C. H. bet’n Bridgeport and N. Y.: cl’r: no A.B. to 94°, or at 11°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Very clear. No A.B. to 93", yet slightly suspected about 93°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and p. all night. [10° atleast: no A.B. Cl’r early in ev’g to ab’t 8", when growing hazy, and by 9" ov’t; so to Ov’t to about 8", after which time clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9}. Gradually cl’ding over, and by 83" wh’y ov’t: obs. impos. to 95", d’s Oy’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and d’s all night. [all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Nearly clear to 73". Moon.* [most of ev’g. N’y clr; somecl’dslowin N: moon: no A.B. at 63" or 83%: within Ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. \Hazy. Moon. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Thinly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 93%, and probably all night. Very hazy. Moon. Obs. impos. to #", and doubtless all night. Ov’t, clouds more or less broken. Moon. Obs. impos. to 9". Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9". [all night. At 63" cl’r, and no A.B.: within from 63+ to 9": at 9" ov’t, and so d’s Nearly clear, but hazy to a considerable altitude. No A.B. to 9". Clear. No A.B. to 93°.* (400) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 104" at least. Clear. Slight A.B. about 7°.* (401) Clear. No A.B. to 93°. Clear. No A.B. to 9". Clear. No A.B. to 83. Clear. No A.B. to 8$%.* Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 9". Very clear. No A.B. to 9". Very clear. No A.B. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Clear. No ACB. to 9”: Clear. No A.B. to 9", but some suspicions of a faint light about 9°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", yet slightly suspected. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10.” Jan. 11th.—Some slight suspicions of A.B. After 7h 30m too cloudy for observation to 9h at least. Jan. 21st.—A single auroral streamer seen about 6h 30m by Mr. Lyman Baird. It extended upward about 20°. Jan. 23d.—Merely a low bank about 15° amplitude, for a short time. Saw no other auroral ‘appearances during the evening to 9h 30m, but did not watch closely. Jan. 27th.—Although occasionally I slightly suspected a very faint light. Ferrick’s Auroral Register. 119 1851. : Feb, 8,Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". 9|Ov’t and misty. Obs. impos. to 9". 10|Ov’t, misty and rainy. Obs. impos. to 93", and d’s all night. 11/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". 12/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9. 13/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93". 14|Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 15|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 95", and probably all night. 16|N’y cl’r: moon: no A.B, seen to 9", but cl’ds interf. to some extent. 17|Clear. No A.B. to 9". 18|Clear. A.B. all the evening.t (402) 19|Clear: about 9" susp. a faint auroral light, otherwise no A.B. to 10", 20) Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 21|Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 22) Clear at high altitudes. Foggy. No A.B. seen to 9%. 23)Clear. No A.B. about 9". Within doors at earlier hours. 24)/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. 25|Clear. No A.B. to 94°.+ 26|Much clouded in the N. No A.B, seen to 10", but obs. nee’y une. ES % * * * * * * Oct. 1|Clear: moon: no A.B. seen 64° to 75, or at 9%: within 7" to 9%, 2)Clear. Moon. A.B. as early as 9", and probably earlier.* (408) 3/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 4|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 834, 5|/Ov’t at 8", and obs. impos. 6|Clear, or nearly so. Moon. No A.B. to 9%, 7|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". 8|Clear, but somewhat hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. 9/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". 10;Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9}. 11) Ov’t to 9" at least, and obs. impos, 12/Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 83", and doubtless all night. 13'!Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 95. Oct. 2d.—A low indistinct arch, and about 10h some streamers. + Near the close of February, 1851, Mr. Herrick was attacked by a fit of sickness so severe that it was not supposed that he could survive it. From this sickness he recovered very slowly. In August he was able to give partial attention to business, but his Journal was not resumed till October. The following record was left by Mr. Herrick upon a loose sheet. It is inferred that at least a portion of these observations could not haye been made by him. 1851. Feb. 18|Clear. Moon. Fine auroral arch at 7h, 3° or 4° high; continued to 9h 45m, Alti- tude 23°, and amplitude 120° to 150°. Sometimes there was more than one arch. At 10h 30m or 10h 45m the northern sky was filled with red streamers and white; so to 11h at least. Two-thirds of the sky was filled with auroral matter and streamers; could occasionally see an imperfect corona. Soon after 11h it sub- sided almost entirely. Did not look after this. 5|Clear. No A.B. to 10h 30m. A slight suspicion however. 28| Ov’t to 9h, and probably later. March 7| Ov’t and snowing at 8h; probably ov’t during night. 12) Thinly ov’t to 10h. No A.B. seen. 22)Clear. A general light low down about 8h 45m, (403) 28|CPr: A.B.; first noticed streamers at 930m; no arch, not much light at 11h 30m, (404) 29 Clear. A.B., ill-defined arch 1° to 1° 30! high; only a few streamers at 9h, (405) 31| Clear. No A.B. at 10h 30m. April 28) Ov’t to 10h. May 1/Broken clouds about 8h. Mr, E. W. Blake saw A.B. about 10h 30m to 11h; saw no (406 streamers. 7| Ov’t to 10h. June 5/A.B. Arch 40° to 50° high. (407) 7\Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9h 30m, 120 Flerrick’s Auroral Register. 1851. Oct. 14|E. C. H. at New York City. Clear. No A.B. seen to 94°. 15| E. C. H. at Scranton, Pa. Clear. No A.B. to 9". 16|E. C. H. at Scranton, Pa. Clear. No A.B. to 9%. [seen to 108, 17|E. C. H. on Erie R.R. from to N.Y. City until 93°: cl’r: no A.B. 18, Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. 19| M’y ov’t: cl’ring off about 9": obs. n’y impos. to 9°: no A.B. seen. 20/Clear. A.B. all the evening from about 6$°.* (409 21|M’y ov’t, and N. entirely so. Obs. impos. to 93", and d’s all night. 22|Ov't to about 9; from 9° to 108 clear, and no A.B. 93|Clear. A B:, not seen till about ghh,* (410) 24| Nearly clear ‘early in ev’g, and no A.B. to 8°. At 9° N. ov’t. 25/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 26|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 8", and doubtless all night. 27|Clear. No A.B. to 9%. . 28)/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93" at least.* 411) 29| Ov’t, with sea-scud and other thin clouds. Obs. impos. to 94". 30|Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless later. 31|Clear. No A.B. seen to 93°. Moon. [advances. Nov. 1|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Sky becoming hazy as ev’g 2\P*y cl’r: moon: within 63° to 9": n’y ov’t at 64", and 9" to 93": no 3)/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93” at least. [ A.B. seen to 93". 4/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94" at least. 5/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93" at least. 6 7 8 E. C. H. at N.Y.: clear: moon : no A.B, seen at 744, or at 944 to 93". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. 9/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 8", and doubtless all night. 10 | Chiefly clear after about 7". Moon. No A. B. seen to 9°. 11|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94%. 12/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 13 | Ov’t, oc’l openings in N.: no A.B. seen to 10"; aft. too el’y for obs. 14) Ov’t to 10" at least. Obs. impos. Rain during night. 15 Ov’t in N., but p’y cl’r in other quarters: obs. impos. to 10" at least. 16|Ov’t to about 8", when the N. was nearly clear. No A.B. seen. 17|Clear. No A.B. to 105. 18|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". 19|Clear. No A.B. to 105. 20|Cl’rab’t 6", and no A.B.: before 7* oy’t, and so to 11, and d’s all n’t. 21) N’y cP’rab’t 6", and no A.B.: entirely ov’t 65" to 10", when the cl’ds 22|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10%. [ were breaking away. 23/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. 24|Clear. No A.B. to 10%. 25) Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 26|Clear. No A.B. to 105. 27|Partly clear. No A.B. seen to 105. 28| Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 29|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. 30| Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", Within from 7" to 9%. Oct. 20th.—Amplitude 100°, more or less. Sundry streamers at about 7h 30m, some 20° to 30° high; reddish in N.N.W., toward the horizon white light, bright. On the whole a fine dis- play on a small scale. Oct. 23d.—In general a low twilight illumination with few streamers. [Reported to me by Professor D. Olmsted. I did not see it.] Oct. 28th.—Later than this the sky was partly clear, and a display of the A.B. was seen, at in- tervals, until dawn. Numerous streamers and undulations; no corona seen. 1851. ec 14 15 16 iF 18 19 20 ITerrich’s Auroral Register. 121 iClear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10). Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10%, and probably all night. Mostly clear; some clouds in N. Moon, No A.B. seen to 10%, Cloudless, but hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Ovy’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94}, ‘Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 10". Clear. Moon after —. No A.B. seen to 93° Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. Clear after about 7". No A.B. to 10°. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably much later. Clear. No A.B. to 93°. Clear. No A.B. to 934. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 10°. * es * * * ® i % Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 93". Ov’t. Snow early in evening. Obs. impos. to 10", and prob. later. Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. Clear. No A.B. to 93%. Ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 93". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Mostly ov’t. Moon. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10, and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10%, and probably all night. Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clear, Moon. No A.B. seen to O32. Partly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10%. Obs. imperfect. Ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 10", Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos, to 10", Mostly clear. No A.B. to 10". Ov’t for an hour or so; clear after about 8", and no A.B. seen to 10", Ov’t m’y to ab’t 9": aut 95" to 10 m’y cl’r: susp. some auroral light. Cloudy early part of evening. Obs. impos. ? Masily eee aie about 8°. No A.B. to 942 ‘ : Mostly clear to about 8", after that becoming cloudy. Ovy’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 93", and “doubtless all night. Clear. A.B. all night.* ” (412) Clear to about 9", after which becoming cl’y. No A.B. seen to 9" Jan. 19th.—Mostly only an illumination along N. horizon, through amplitude of 100° to 1209, 5° and more high. About 1h a.m. of 20th, a creat display of streamers and red lights; more than half the sky filled with them, and southerly and southwesterly beyond the coronal point. At 5b 30m a.m. only low white light i in N. 16 Feb. Mar. Herrick’s Auroral Register. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 105, Cl’r: faint illumination, supposed to be auroral, but doubtful, to 93°. Clear. No A.B. to 9%, Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Clear. No A.B. to 93%. Clear. Moon. No A.B, seen to 10°. Clear until about 84", Moon. No A.B. seen. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. M’y cl’r to about 9": moon: no A.B. seen: becoming cl’y about 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t; sleet falling sparingly. Obs. impos. to 94, and d’s all night. Clearing up. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9", but obs. imperfect. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93. ‘Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably later. Clear. Moon. No A.B. at about 8°, Clear. No A.B. Clear. No A.B. to 105. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably later. Partly clouded. No A.B. seen to 10". Clear. No A.B. to 9. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clear. Faint auroral dawn.* 413) Clear, no A.B. seen to about 8", when it was becoming cl’y.* (414) \Clear. A.B. all the evening.* (415) (Clear. A.B. all the evening, and probably all night.* a Clear. Slight A.B.* 417 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. P’y cl’r to ab’t 73", after ov’t: no A.B. seen to 7}, after obs. impos. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and prob. most of night. [seen to 9". P’y cl’r, but N. nore or less obse.: moon begins to interf.: no A.B. \Clear, Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", |Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". Ov’t to 10", and obs. impos. Ov’t; snow and rain. Obs. impos. to 9", and all night. ‘Mostly clear: moon: N. embarrassed by cl’ds: no A.B. seen to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10, and doubtless all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and p. all night. [opportunity for obs. Embarrassed by flying c’'ds: moon: no A.B. seen to 9"; but little Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93" at least. Cleared off during night. \Clear. Moon. A.B. all the evening.* (418) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9%, Feb. 16th.—About 7h 80m Mr. F. Bradley saw an auroral cloud in Ursa Major, narrow, and soon fading. Feb. 17th.—About 4h a.m. of 18th, a display of the A.B. visible, of considerable splendor and extent. Feb. 18th.—Not a great display; much general light and occasional streamers. Feb. 19th.—A splendid display, and not often surpassed. About 7h, 10h 30m, and 1h, most remarkable, the heavens two-thirds full of pulsating auroral sheets and patches; some red light. Feb. 20th.—A faint and limited illumination, with occasional streamers. March 7th.—A clear but limited illumination reaching up 3° to 5°. I saw no streamers. 1852. Mar. io 11 12) 13 14 15 Ferrich’s Auroral Register. 123 9/Clear. Suspected faint auroral light to 10.* (419) Clear. No A.B. to 10", Clear. No A.B. to 10°. Ov’t, but beginning to clear off ab’t 9°: obs. n’y or quite impos. to 9%, Mostly ov’t to 9" at least. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Clear. No A.B. to 9". 16/Clear. No A.B. to 10%. bo wmwhd bd bw b& tb April Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10" at least. Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 94" at least, iClear. No A.B. to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 2/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to gah, and doubtless all night, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably much later. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 9". Ov’t early part of evening. About 9" mostly clear, and no A.B. Ov’t to 11", and probably all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless later. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". Ov’t with flying clouds. No opportunity for obs. to 9". Much clouded. Moon. No good obs, to 9". Owt to 95, and doubtless all night. Ov’t and snowing. Obs. en to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 932 Clear. No A.B. at 83". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Clear: slight A.B. at 9": alight on hor.; Isaw nostreamers. (420) Ov't. Obs. impos. to 10°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t most of evening. About 10" clear, and no A.B. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t most of evening. About 10" clear, and no A.B. Clear. No A.B. to 9th or but slightly suspected, Clear. No AB. to 9, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Mostly ov’t, and obs. impos. to 9" at least. Mostly ov’t about 124, Mostly clear. A.B. all the evening; fine display at times. (421) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless later. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless later. 7|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 9". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 9% Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". March 9th.—Professor D. Olmsted states that there was a faint A.B., yet certain, about 8h. * 124 Herrick’s Auroral Register. 1852. May 1)Ov’t to 9% at least. 2\Clear. Moon. No A.B. at 834. 3|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". 4/Clear. Moon... No A.B. seen to 834, 5|/Clear. No A.B. to 95. 6|Clear. No A.B. to 9%. 7|Clear, but hazy about horizon. No A.B. to 93". 8|Cloudless, but hazy. No A.B. at 83". 9| Clear after about 83". No A.B. to 9", 10|Clear. Slight A.B., hardly certain until about 93%.* (422) 11| Nearly clear. No A.B. to 944. 12|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 13| Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 10". No A.B. seen, 14|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 15|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 16| Partly clear to about 9", and no A.B. After that becoming cl’y. 17| Mostly ov’t, and after about 9" wholly so.* ver 18|Clear. A.B. all the evening.* 424 19|Sky embarrassed by clouds early part of evening.* 425 20) Mostly clear. A.B.* 426 21/Partly clouded. Slight A.B.; no streamers seen. he 22) Mostly clear. No A.B. to 93", but obs. necessarily imperfect. a Sen ee and obs. ey impos. No A.B. seen to 9". 4| No A.B. seen or suspected. 25|Clear. Moon. No A.B. at 9". 26|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93", and probably all night. 27|/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 28|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 29;Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 30|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. 31} Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9", but obs. imperfect. June 1/M’y ov’t: moon: obs. n’y or quite impos. to 9" [to 10" as reported. ] 2|K. C. H. at Lyme. Sky much clouded. No A.B. seen at 9”. 3|E. C. H. at Lyme. Sky partly clouded, and obs. n’y impos. to 93". 4|Much clouded. Obs. nearly impos. to 93. 5|Clr: slight A.B. ab’t 92"; several streamers 10° or 15° high. (428) 6 7 8 Ov’t at 9": obs. n’y impos.: A.B. strongly susp. by Mr. J. Edmands, Mostly ov’t. At 105" nearly clear, and no A.B., as I am told. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93" at least. 9|/Clear. No A.b. at 10°. 10/Clear. No A.B., as reported to me.* (429) 11/Clear, A.B, all the evening.* (430) 12|Clear. No A.B. at 93%. 13|Clear. Did not observe personally. No A.B., fide Mr. J. Edmands. 14|Clear: no A.B, at 103" to 11", as reported to me: did not myself obs. May 10th.—Then only a faint low light. About —h a few streamers 10° to 20° high, seen by others, May 17tk.—A.B., as I concluded, about 8h 45m; seen in clear spaces among clouds, almost be- yond doubt. May 18th.—General light, rather strong, but not extensive; in amplitude 60°, more or less, altitude 10°, more or less. No streamers seen. May 19th.—After 10h sky more clear. A.B. general bright illumination. No streamers seen. I did not observe the A.B. myself. May 20th.—General light and some streamers about 10h, June 10th.—Mr. F. Bradley saw slight A.B. about 11h, June 11th:—General light in the N. with some streamers, from an early hour to, say, about 9h, A serpentine belt from E. to W. from about 9h 30m to 9h 58m, Flervickh’s Auroral Register. 125 1852. June 15|Clear. A.B.* ey J uly Aug. 16/Clear chiefly about 10". A.B.* (432 17 Ov’t and showery. Obs. n’y or quite impos. to 10", and p. all night.* 18|Nearly clear, No A.B, to 10". 19 [to me: I did not obs. personally. 20| Thunder shower 8 to 9"; clring aft. 9°: no A.B, to 10", as reported 21|M’y cl’r: no A.B. to 10", Obs. by others, as I retired too early. 22)Clear. No A.B. to 10". Obs. by others. 23|Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10". Obs. by others. 24/Mostly ov’t. Obs, ny or quite impos. to 10". CPred off in night. 25|Very clear: moon: no A.B. to 11", fide Mr. H. A. Newton: did not 26/Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10%. [obs. personally, 27|Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. at 10", 28|Clear. Moon, No A.B. seen to 10", as reported by others. 29| Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", as reported by others. 30| Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10", as reported by others. 1 Ov’t. Obs. impos, to —", and probably all night. 2)Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 10", as reported. 3/Ov’t, almost wholly at 93", and obs. impos. 4|Mostly clear. No A.B., as reported, to 10°. 5'Clear. No A.B., as reported, to 10%. 6 Clear. A.B. about 10"; a low general light.* (433) 7| Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 10%. 8|Clear. No A.B. to 105. 9 Clear. A.B. about 103", and probably earlier.* (434) * * * * * * * * 14 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably most of the night. 15|Clear. No A.B. at 10°. 16 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 17 Mostly clear. Did not obs. personally. No A.B., as reported to me. 18 Cl’r: did not ebs. personally: no A.B., as reported to me: at 2” A.M, * * = : - * [clear, and no A.B. 21/Clear. Moon. 22)Clear. Moon. 23 Clear. Moon, 24/Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen. 25|No A.B. seen. 26, Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 94}. 27 Clear. Moon. 28|/Clear. Moon. 29/Ov’t. Obs. impos, to 10", and doubtless all night. 30 Ov’t. Obs. impos, to 105, 31 Ov’t. Obs. impos, to 10", supposed. 1 Ov’t at 9", and obs, impos. : at 2" a.m. of 2d cl’r: moon, and no A.B, 2 Considerably clouded. Moon. Obs. at 9" nearly impos. 3|Very clear. No A.B. to 9". 4 Ov’t. Obs, impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Rain, 5 6 Ov’t. Obs, impos. at 10", and probably all night. June 15th.—A general illumination, amplitude 100°, and altitude 25°, more or less; few streamers if any. June 16th—General light, and sundry streamers reaching up 20°, more or less. June 17th.—Suspicions of A.B. through crevices and thin spots in the clouds. July 6th.—Professor D. Olmsted saw a few streamers. July 9th.—An illumination on horizon, not extending upward more than 10° (fide Mr. J. Ed- mands). Did not observe personally, Sept. Herrick’s Auroral Register. Clear. No obs. by myself. No A.B., as reported. Clear. No A.B. to 9". P’y cl’r: no obs. by myself. Almost entirely ov’t during night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. all night. CYr: slight A.B.,asimple dawn: at “BY ALM, , Same appearance. (435) Clear. No A.B. to 10", as reported. Did not observe personally. Mostly clear. No A.B, to 9", as reported. Clear. No A.B. to 9", or to 10, as reported. Clear.: No A.B. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 9", and probably all night. Partly clear, No A.B. to 84", but obs. embarrassed by clouds. Clear. No obs. by myself. Clear but hazy, especially about horizon. No obs. personally. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 83" at least. Mostly ov’t to 8" at least. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 83%, Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 9%. Ov’t to 8", and probably all night. Obs. impos. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 8", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Thinly ov’t. Moon. Obs. nearly or quite impos. 8|Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and d’s all night. Rain in the night. Mostly clear to 83", and no A.B. At 9" ov’t. Moon. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°, Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9". Clear. No A.B. to 9. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 9" at least. Clear. A.B. reported to me, but doubtful. Clear. No A.B. to 95. Clear: no A.B. to 84": slight display of A.B. bet’n 9" and 10%, (436) Clear. No A.B. to 83. Clear. No obs. Ov't. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Clear. No A.B. to 84". Very clear. No A.B. to 9", but suspected. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 83", and probably all night. Considerably obscured. No A.B. seen to 9". Clear. Slight A.B.* (437) Clear. Moon. Slight A.B. No streamers seen. (438) Partly clear. Moon. No A.B. to 83". Partly clear. Moon. No A.B, to 83".* (439) Much clouded. Moon. Obs. fon impos. to 84 at least. Broken clouds. A.B. between 114" and 113".* (440) Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°, Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Mostly clouded. Moon. About 10" clear, and no A.B. Ov’t. Obs. impos. 26|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. Sept. 16th.—A few streamers seen about 7h; after that, a low light. Sept. 19th.—A slight A.B. about midnight reported by Professor D. Olmsted. Sept. 2ist.—A few streamers about 10°] high, 1852. Sept. 27 28 29 30 Oct. OMIHOo fk WW ol Nov. HOO Oat Ore © NH a | Hervick’s Awroral Register. 127 Ov’t; rainy 8" to 9%. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Mostly ov’t. Obs. mostly impos. Clear. Moon. A.B. about 74°.* (441) M’y ov’t: no A.B, seen to 84", but much of time obs. embarrassed by Mostly clear. No A.B. seen to 84+. [clouds. Clear. No A.B. at 7" 25™, Mostly ov’t, and entirely so at 83". Clear. A.B. most of the evening.* (442) Clear. No A.B. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos, to 9", and probably all night. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9", or at 103%. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t to 10" at least, and obs. impos. | Clear. ._No A.B. to 9°. Much clouded. No A.B. seen to 9". Much clouded. No A.B, seen to 9". Ov’t next morning. Ov’t and rainy. Obs, impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Much clouded. Obs. necessarily imperfect. No A.B. at 8°. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless much later. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Partly clear before 7", and after 83". Moon.* No A.B. (443) Clear. Moon.* (444) Much clouded. Moon.* Partly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Cl’y ab’t the N. early inev’g; after thatn’ycl’r. Moon. No A.B. Clear. No A.B. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. Ov’t. Obs. impos. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 83", and probably all night. Ov t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy early in ev’g: cl’red up bet’n 7" and 8", and remained. Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Clear. No A.B. to 9°. Partly clear early in the evening. Obs. impos. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 9" at least. No A.B. seen. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless later. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 8%.* 445 Clear. E. C. H. at New London, Ct.* 446 Sept. 29th.—An arch about 100° amplitude, 10° or 15° high at vertex. I saw no streamers, and after about 8h I could not see the aurora. Oct. 5th.—Many streamers, perhaps 10° high. Seen chiefly between 7h and 9h, Oct. 19th.—At 11h and after, A.B., 45° to 60° in amplitude, low on horizon. Reported by Mr. H. A. Newton. Oct. 20th.—Auroral streamers about 9h (none seen before), bright and extending up 10° or 159. Oct. 21st.—Some suspicions of A.B., but very uncertain to 9b. Noy. 10th.—A.B. about 9h; amplitude 80° or 40°, streamers extending 8° or 10° high. Fide Mr. H. A. Newton. Noy. 11th.—A.B. from 7h to 11h, amplitude 110° or 120°, general light, no streamers seen, [Mr. H. A. Newton.] Dec. Ferrick’s Auroral Register. Clear. No A.B. seen until about 11".* (447) Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Much el’ded, and obs. tietetote impart No A.B. seen to 8".* (448) Mostly clear, except clouds on N. horizon. No A.B. seen to 9°. Ov’t. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 8", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t to about 8". Clearing up about 9°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 83%. At 5" a.m. of 22d cl’r, no A.B. Ov’t; hail ab’t 7", ending in rain. Obs. impos. to 9", and d’s all n’t. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Cleared up during the night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Much clouded. Moon. No A.B. seen to 83%. a and rainy. Obs. impos. to 94", and doubtless all night. ear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. Clear. Moon rose about —'. No A.B, I did not obs. personally. Partly clouded. No A.B. seen to 75. Clear. No A.B. to 8". Clear. No A.B. to 844, Clear. No A.B. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. he Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Chiefly clear.* 449 Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9". - Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 11", and doubtless later. Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 8", and doubtless all night. Oy’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Cloudy in part. At about 8" clear, and no A.B. M’y clear. No A.B. [Twilight A.B. (Mr. H. A. Newton.)] (450) Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and misty early part of the evening. A.B.10"to11", (451) Clear. Moon. No A.B. Partly clear to about 8". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. at 8". Cloudy in N. Moon. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 9" at least. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos., doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 8" at least. Cleared off during the night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Partly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Obs. uncertain. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Obs. uncertain.* Much clouded. About 8" nearly clear in N. and N.W., and no A.B, Nov. 12th.—A.B. seen between 11h and 12h, and also about 1h a.m. of 15th; a few streamers, but not much display. From midnight to dawn, more or less cloudy. Noy. 14th.—Slight A.B. about 1h a.m. of 15th. Fide Professor D. Olmsted. Dee. 5th.—Slight A.B., extending perhaps 2° or 3° above horizon. No streamers to 9h, Dec. 29th.—A.B. seen near Hartford by Mr. H. A. Newton; streamers. 1853. an. Feb. eomsaTnowurk Whe Flerrick’s Auroral Register. 129 Ov’t to about 8", thence clear. No A.B. Ov’t at 644. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 9°. Clear. No A.B. to 9".* (452) Clear. No A.B. at 8". Clear. No A.B. to 9". Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Mostly ov’t. No A.B. seen to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. Ov’t. Obs. impos. Clear. Moon. No A.B. at 8". Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen about 8". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably most of night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". |Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 9°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 834. Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Much clouded. No A.B. at 8". Clear. No A.B. to 8%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", Clear. No A.B. to 9%, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and rainy to 8", and doubtless all night. Ov’t to 83", when it began to clear: obs. impos. to 83": no A.B. seen Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9". [after, as I am informed. Clear. No A.B. to 9". Ov’t; some rain. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen about 8". (453) M’y ov’t: moon: obs. n’y or quite impos. to 10", and p. all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless later. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ovy’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably later. 20|Partly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Jan. 6th.—Auroral arch in N. about 1h a.m. of 7th. [Fide Professor D. Olmsted. ] Feb. 14th.—Later, about 10h to 10h 15m, a display of the A.B. was seen: a low arch, and some bright streamers, extending perhaps 20° high. 17 130 Herrick’s Auroral Register: Feb. 21|Clear. Moon. No A.B, seen to 8}, 22/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". 23|Ov’t. 24|/Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. 25|Clear. Moon after about 8", No A.B. 26|Clear. No A.B. to 8". 27|Mostly clear, growing hazy. No A.B. to 9". 28/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Mar. 1)Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. 2\Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless later. 3|Clear. No A.B. about 8°. 4,Ov’t and snowing, Obs. impos. to 9, and doubtless all night. 5|Clear. No A.B. to 9%. 6/Clear. No A.B. at 9" or 10". 7,Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 8)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 9| Mostly clear. 10| Clear. 11/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 12|Mostly ov’t. Clouds breaking up about 9". Obs. impos. 13|Much clouded. 14|Partly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen, but obs. embarrassed. by el’ds, 15|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". 16|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. 17|Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". 19|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen after 9°. 20|Mostly ov’t in N. Moon. Obs. impos. at 8". 21/P’y cl’r, but N. more or less obst. by cl’ds: moon: no A.B, seer to 9°. 22|P’y cl’r, but N. more or less obst. by cl’ds: moon: no A.B. seen to 9", 23|P’y cl’r, but N. more or less obst. by cl’ds: moon: no A.B, seen to 9". * * * * + % * * 26/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably later. 27|Mostly clear. Slight A.B.; no streamers seen to 83". (454) 28|Clear, except cloud along N. horizon. No A.B. to 9". 29/Clear. No A.B. at 8". 30|Clear. No A.B, at 9". [Fide Mr. J. Edmands. | 31/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Apr. 1/Clear. No A.B. to 9%. 2'Clear. No A.B. to 9". 3,Ov’t; rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 4/Ov’t, rainy, with thunder. Obs. impos. to 9", and d’s all night. 5|Clear. A.B. seem at various times to 103" at least.* (455) 6|Clouded early part of evening.* (456) 7|Clear. No A.B. to 10°. 8|Clear. No A.B. to 9". 9|Clear. No A.B. to 9", 10|Chiefly clear. . Slight suspicions of A.B.* (457) 11|Clear. No A.B. to 9%. 12|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". April 5th.— Amplitude 90°, more or less, altitude 8° to 12°. Some streamers, Illumination moderately bright. April 6th.—Between 9h and 10h A.B., less than on previous night, yet distinct. Amplitude 50°, more or less. April 10th.—A.B. certain (fide Mr. J. Edmands), but not very extensive, at 10h or later. Herrick’s Auroral Register. 131 Apr. 13)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". 14 |Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. 15|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. * * % * * * * * 20 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9, after that clearing up. Moon. 21|Clear, Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. 22 Ov’t and rainy. Thunder shower about 7". Obs. impos. to 9", 23/Clear. Moon. No A.B. at 8%. 24/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 844, and doubtless all night. 25, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 26|Clear. No A.B. to 93°. 27|Clear. No A.B. to 842. 28 Clear. No obs. after 8". 29|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 84". 30|Clear. No A.B. at 83". 1/Clear.. No A.B. to 934. 2 Clear. A.B., a considerable display.* (458) 3 Nearly clear; hazy about N. No A.B. to 9", but slightly susp. 4 Much clouded. Obs. nearly impos. to 83" at least. 5 Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. ; 8 9 Clear at 9". No A.B. then. 7 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9%. Clear. No A.B. at 9°. 10 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. 11)|Clear.. No A.B. at 9%. 12 Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. to 9". 13/Clear. Moon. A.B.* & 3 * * * * * (459) 16 Hazy. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. to 9". 17 Hazy and cloudy. Moon. Obs. nearly impos. to 9°. 18|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 94%. 19 Ov’t, chiefly. Obs. impos. to 84". 20 (Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9". 21'!Hazy. Moon No A.B. to 94°. 22|Clear. No obs. 23 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9 at least, and probably all night. 24 Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 94°, and doubtless all night. 25 |Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 26 Ov’t for the most part. Obs. impos to 9", and probably all night. 27 |Cloudless, but hazy. Ne A.B. to 94°. 28 Hazy. No A.B. seen to 8"; insufficient obs. 29|Hazy. No A.B. to 9}. 30 Ov’t. 31|Clear. No A.B. to 1034,* 460) June 1 Clear, A.B. about 10".* 461) 2 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 3 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless most of night. 4:Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably later. May 2d.—Amplitude 100° to 120°, arch in N. 25° to 80° high at vertex, many streamers, not very bright, some reaching up to 75° or 80° altitude. Observed from 8h 45m to 9h; did not look after this. May 15th.—Not very conspicuous, but certain. [Fide Mr. Lyman Baird. ] May 3lst.—At about 11b, I was quite sure that there was an auroral light in the N. penne 1st.—A low light 70° to 90° amplitude, and 5°, more or less, elevation. I saw no streamers. 132 Herrick’s Auroral Register. June 5|Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9}" at least. [no A.B. 6|Clear. I did not observe, but a friend states that at 10" there was 7|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93" at least. * * * * * * * 11|Clear. Moon. No A.B. at 9" to 93". 12/Clear. Moon. No obs. after 9%. 13|Ov’t. Obs. impos. at 93". % * % * * * * * 17)/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94" at least. 18|Moon. Supposed clear. 19 | Ov’t. 20|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9}. 21/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 944. 22)Clear, in part. No obs., and probably too cloudy. 23}Ov’t. Obs. impos. 24|Clear. No A.B. at 94. 25|Clear. No A.B. at 93%. 26) Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 9" at least, and p. all night. 27|/Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless most of night. 28|Clear. No A.B. at 935. 29|Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94+. 30|Much clouded. No obs. after 9°. July 1/Partly cloudy. No A.B. to 93". 2|Mostly clear. No obs. 3|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 4|Mostly clear. No A.B. to 944. 5|/Clear. No A.B. at 93+. 6|Clear. No A.B. at 934. 7|Mostly clear. No A.B. at 92. 8| Partly cloudy. No A.B. seen at 93°, 9|Rainy most of ev’g. Clearing up between 9" and 10". No obs. 10} Partly clear. 11| Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 9}°, and probably all night. 12|Mostly clear. Moon. A.B., some general display.* (462) 13)Partly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9}. 14/Clear. Moon. No A.B. 15 Ov't. Obs. impos. to 93", and doubtless all night. * * * * * * * 18 | Ov’t. 19| Ov’t. 20|Nearly clear. Moon. Somewhat hazy. 21 22|Much clouded. Moon rese about 945.* 23|Ov’t and rainy. % #* * * * * * * 30|Ov’t, almost wholly. 31)|Nearly clear. No A.B. to 93°. Aug. 1)Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos., probably all night. 2}Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless later. 3/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 4'Clear. No A.B. to 93°. July 12th.—Between 11h and 12h, a narrow arch or belt spanned the heavens from E. to W. See a description by Mr. H. A. Newton, New Haven Morning Journal, July 14th. July 22d.—Slight suspicions of A.B., but probably due to moonlight. 1853. Aug. 5|M’y ov’t: obs. impos. to 9": bet’n 9" and 10" m’y clear, and no A.B, : 19 20 21 Herrich’s Auroral Register. 133 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and p. all night. [fide Mr. J. Edmands, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and showery. Obs. impos. to 9". Ov’t almost entirely up to 2" a.m. of 10th.* Clear. Moon. No obs. until about 103%. No A.B. then.* (463) Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 83". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Ov’t and showery. Obs. impos. to 95" at least. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably most of the night. Clear. Did not personally observe. No A.B. to 9". Clear. Did not personally observe. No A.B. to 9". Clear. No A.B. to 9% Clear. (?) Clear. No A.B. to 9%. E. C. H. at Danbury, Ct. Raining to 93" at least, and obs. impos. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93". Clear. No A.B. to 93". Ov’t and r’y to 103” at least: obs. impos.: E.C.H. at Hartford to 83", Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Clear, A:B.* (464) Clear. A.B., many streamers extending to alt. of 40°.* (465) Almost wholly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Nearly clear. No A.B. to 93". Clear to about 82", aft. ov’t to 10, and p. all night. No A.B. to 834, Clear. No A.B. to 94%. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9". Moon begins to interfere. Clear. No A.B. seen to 9%. Ov’t. Obs. impes. to 9", and doubtless all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 83, Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 84}. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 95. M’y cl’r to 9", after ov’t: moon: no A.B. seen, and obs. n’y impos. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9%, and doubtless all night. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", when clouds began to break up. Gvy’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least, and probably all night. Ov’t chiefly. Moon. Obs. nearly or quite impossible to 10", Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94. Ov’t; rain latter part of ev’g. Obs. impos. to 9", and p. all night. Partly clear. No A.B. seen to 9%. Aug. 9th.—Clouded also at about 2h 30m a.m., and doubtless overcast for the rest of the Some suspicions of A.B. about midnight. Aug. 10th.—About 2h A.M. aad 8h 4.M. of the 11th, were patches of auroral light, low on horizon, W. of N. Sept. 1st.—An extensive display, from twilight to 10h 30m at least. Streamers through a large amplitude, reaching up to zenith, and perhaps farther. Sept. 2d.—Seen at Bermuda, where it was conspicuous, night. 134 1853. Sept. 22 Oct. Nov. Hervich’s Auroral Register. Ov’t. Obs. nearly or quite impos. to 9" Clear. No A.B. to 9°. Clear. No A.B. seen to 83". Clear. No A.B. to 95. Ov’t. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Clear. No A.B. to 85. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 83°. Mostly ov’t. No sufficient observation. Clear. No A.B. at 92. Clear. No A.B. to 9%. Clear. No A.B. at 8}. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Clear. No A.B. to 83, Clear. No A.B. to 9". Moon begins to interfere. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°, Ov’t. Obs. impos. at 8", and probably most of night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9. Partly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Clear. Moon. No A.B. at 8°. Ov’t, or chiefly so, to 8". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. Clear. Moon. No A.B. at 82". Clear. Moon most of evening. No A.B. seen to 10". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. Somewhat cloudy. No A.B. certain, although som’t susp. ab’t 9", Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 9°. Partly clear. No A.B. to 8". Ov’t to 9"; clearing up between 9" to 10%. Obs. impos. Mostly clear. No A.B. to 9” at least. Partly clear. No good obs. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 105, and doubtless all night. Ovt. Obs. impos. to 9". Ov'’t. Ov’t about 8). Clear. No A.B. at 8%. Clear. Slight A.B.* (466) 2|Clear. No A.B. to 8*. Ov’t to 9" at least. Clear. No A.B. to 94. Ov’t. (?) Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9% Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 95. Ov’t and rainy. Obs. impos. to 94", and doubtless all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9", Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 13|Owt. Obs. impos. to 9%, and probably most of the night. Nov. ist.—Patches of light low in N.E, and N. during the evening. No streamers seen. Herrich’s Auroral Register. 135 1853. Nov. 14|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 82". Dec. 15|Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. 16|Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 94", and doubtless all night. 17|Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos., probably all night. 18/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. 19| Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. [obs. 20/Ov’t early; aft. clear overhead. No A.B. seen to 9", but no certain 21/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 22)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 23)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 24|Mostly clear. No A.B, to 10". 25|Clear. No A.B. to 9% 26|Clear. No A.B. to 83". 27/Ov’t. Obs. impos, to 9", and probably all night. 28/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 29/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 8", and probably all night. 30/Clear. No A.B. seen to 945 1/Ov’t. Obs. impos. 2/Ov’t. Obs. impos. 3|Partly clear. No A.B. at 8. 4|Clear. No A.B. to 9". 5|Ov’t to 9"; doubtless all night; ov’t before dawn of 6th. 6|Showery ab’t 7", aft. c’r: moon: no A.B. at 9"50™: no A.B, at 44" 7|Clear. Moon. No A.B. at 9%. [to 43" a.m, of 7th. 8|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 95. 9)/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen. 10/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 95. 11|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 95. 12,Ow’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 13) Mostly clear. Moon. 14/ Clear, or chiefly so. Moon, No A.B. seen to 95. 15)Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. 7| Ov't. 18/Clear. No A.B. to 84 19)Clear early in evening. No A.B. Ov’t in N. about 7%, 20/P*y cr. No A.B. seen to 10", but obs. much embarrassed by cl’ds. 21) Partly clear. No A.B. seen to 9°. 22/Partly clear. No A.B. seen to 9% 23)Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 24/Clear. Susp. auroral light, low on hor., once or twice during ev’s. 25|Clear. No A.B. to 9". 26|/Clear. No A.B. to 94. 27 | Clear, 28)Ov’t. Snowing most of the night, and till noon of 29th. 30/Ov’t and snowing, Obs. impos, to 9", and probably all night. 1/Clear. No A.B. to 94, 2)Clear. A.B. all the evening. (467) 3|P*y el’ded and hazy. No A.B, seen to 9", but obs. nec’y imperf, 4/Clear. No A.B. at 9%, 5}Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. 6| Mostly ov’t, Obs, impos, to 9", Cleared off during night, Feb. Hervick’s Auroral Register. Clear until about 8", after which ov’t. Moon. No A.B. seen. Clear early in ev’g. Moon. No A.B, seen. After about 8" ov’t. Partly clear. No A.B. seen. Partly clear. No A.B. seen. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. Mostly ov’t. Moon. No A.B. seen. Obs. nearly impos. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Mostly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and later. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9h, and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to gh, and probably all night. Clear. No A.B. to 9". Clear. No A.B. to 9". Clear. Most of the evening saw no A. Bs (468) Clear. No A.B. Clear. No A.B. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Clear. A.B. from dusk to 9" at least.* Clear. No A.B. seen to 9". Obs. suspended from 64" to 9°. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Mostly clear. No A.B. seen to 9%. Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9%. (469) Ov’t and snowing. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t and raining. Obs. impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9", Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°, Mostly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 93, and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 10", and probably all night. Nearly clear. No A.B. seen to 9". Clear. No A.B. to on. Clear. No A.B. to 832 Clear. No A.B. to 7 74h, Ov’t: obs, impos. to ou, and d’s all n’t: driving snow-storm all n’t. Very clear. No A.B. to 94. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 103", and probably all night. * * * * * * Mostly clear. No A.B. to 8%. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Jan. 23d.—About 8h 30m saw on, N. horizon a bright light of more than 30° amplitude, but not extending upward more than 2° or 38°. Probably A.B. Jan. 28th.—Amplitude 90°, 100°, or more; elevation small, 3° to 5°; light strong. well defined streamers. I saw no Flerrick’s Auroral Register. 137 1854. Feb. 27|Clear. No A.B. to 9%.* (469) 28 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", Nearly clear towards dawn of Mar. Ist. Mar. 1 Clear. Moon interferes. No A.B. seen to 9". 2 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 3, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9°, and probably all night. 4| Mostly clear. (?) No A.B. 5|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 84. 6|Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 9". 7, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. [A.B. 8 Ov’t early in ev’g; thunder shower about 7°; at 9" cl’r: moon: no 9 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9$", and doubtless all night. 10| Ov’t. 11 Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9°. 12|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". 13) Nearly cl’r early inev’g: moon: no A.B. seen: at 8" and after ov’t. 14| Mostly ov’t. Moon. Obs. impos. to 9}, * * * % * * % * 17| Ov't. 18|)Clear. No A.B. to 9". (Nor at 10". [F. B.]) 19|Clear. No A.B. to 95. 20|Clear. No A.B. to.9%. (Nor at 12$*.. [F. B.]) 21\Clear. Faint auroral light during the evening.* (470) 22/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 23|/Ov’t. Now and then a few stars to be seen. (IF. B.) 24/Clear. No A.B. to 9%. 25|Clear. No A.B. to 9". (An A.B. (?) [F. B.]) 26|Ov’t: obs. impos. to 9", p. alln’t. (Cl’r: no A.B. seen at 10". [F.B.]) 27|Clear. Aurora Borealis. (471) 28/Clear. Aurora Borealis. (472) 29|/Clear. Aurora Borealis. (473) 30 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 31, Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Apr. 1/Ov’t. Obs. impos. 2|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". 3|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 9". 4)Clear, mostly. Moon. 5| Mostly ov’t. 6 | Mostly ov’t. 7| Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9" at least. 8| Hazy. Moon. No good obs. 9 Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 10| Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9". 11|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 94. fa” 3: Es * * * * * * 20/Clear. No A.B. to 95, 21/Clear. A.B. seen from 8" onward.* (474) 22;/Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. 23\Clear. A.B. from end of twilight.* (475) Feb. 27th.—A.B., seen about 10h by Mr. Lyman Baird, chiefly a low arch, of about 45° am- plitude. ~ March 2ist.—Apparently none at 9h, April 21st.—Amplitude 100° or more, upward extent 10° or 15°, without many definite streamers while I watched. April 23d.—Amplitude 96° or more, light pretty bright, extending up 25° or 30°, with faint streamers. Did not observe after 8h 45in, 18 May June Ov’t. Obs, impos. to 9", and probably all night. Herrick’s Auroral Register. Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9°. Clear. No A.B. to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably most of the night. Ovt. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Obs. imperfect. Ov’t. Obs, impos. to 10", and doubtless all night. Oy’t. Obs. impos. to 8", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Clear to about 9". Moon. No A.B. At 9" thinly ov’t Clear. Moon. No obs. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 83". Cleay, = No: AjB:. (F: B:) Mostly ov’t. Obs. impos. Ov’t. Obs. impos. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9°. Partly clear. Moon. No obs. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and probably all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Clear, Faint auroral light about 9". i Clear.* Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 83>, and doubtless all night. Clear. No A.B. to 10%. * * * * * * * * Clear. Clear. Ov’t. Ov’t. * * * * * * * * Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 10°. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 93". Cloudless, but hazy. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9*. Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen to 9". Ov’t. Obs. impos. to 9", and doubtless all night. %* % * * % # Mostly ov’t to 9" at least. Ov’t to 9" at least. * * * * % # Po * Cloudless, but very hazy. Obs. impos. to o, and d’s all night. * Ov’t. Ov’t. Clear. Clear, (No A.B. at 9S. F2 Ba) Mostly clear to 93", and no A.B. At 10" nearly ov’t May 16th.—Suspected some unusual illumination in the N. about 9h; probably slight A.B. Bradley's Auroral Register. 139 Extracts From aN AvRorAL REGISTER KEPT aT NEW Haven, Conn., By Mr. Francis Brapiey. Mr. Francis Bradley, now of Chicago, Ill., kept an Auroral Register in New Haven, beginning in June, 1842, and extending to June, 1854. From this Register Mr. Herrick made frequent extracts, marking them with the initial letters F. B.; and these extracts are given in the preceding pages. But not finding them later than 1850, the Committee of Publication had in- ferred that Mr. Bradley’s observations did not extend beyond that time. After all of Mr. Herrick’s Register, except the last two pages, had been printed, they were gratified to learn that Mr. Bradley continued to observe as long as Mr. Herrick, and that thus essential additions could be made to his record, and especially that the gaps in it could be filled. The two Registers have been compared throughout, and every entry of Mr. Bradley’s that furnishes additional information likely to be of value, is given below. It has not been thought necessary, however, to give the ob- servations for those nights when both Mr. Herrick and Mr. Bradley state that no aurora was seen, even though the latter observed to a later hour of the evening. This method of selection brings out an undue proportion of apparent discrepancies between the two observers. Most of these are eyi- dently due to their reporting the state of the sky as it appeared at differ- ent moments. During part of the time covered by his observations, Mr. Bradley had charge of the Observatory in Yale College, and gave instruction in Practi- eal Astronomy. His careful accuracy in astronomical observations justifies special confidence in his records of the aurora. In the following pages, auroras reported by Mr. Bradley are numbered, when they have not been numbered in Herrick’s Register. $42. | May 28 Tolerably clear this evening, some clouds in the south; supposed _ faint aurora at 9"; no streamers; very doubtful. July 4 Partially clear. About 11" stars shone brightly. wd 30 | Tolerably clear. No A.B. at 834. Noy. 2/Clear; ; hazy near horizon. No A.B. Thought I saw a faint light ; along the north, but could not be satisfied that it was A.B. 11 Very clear. Moon. Faint suspicions of an A.B. at 8"; was not | satisfied that there was one. At 6" considerably cloudy. At 81" clear, fine A.B. Moon began | to interfere. At 11" should think it not all gone. (478) Dec. 1 Clear, here and there a cloud: susp. a faint A.B. at 12", but not cert. 1843. Jan. 23 Clear at 64", No A. B. Cloudy at 8", 9", and 10", and p. all night. Mar. 28 Cloudy ; far at 93°. No A.B. Seemed rather lighter than usual | inthe N. at 103, but do not think there was any A.B. 2] 140 Bradley's Auroral Register. 1843. Apr. 2)|Clear. No A.B. Saw a well defined strip of light about 40° long, Oct. 4 Nov. 24 Apr. 17 May 8 resembling the comet so much that I took it for one at first sight ; but it moved pretty fast sideways. It was below the pole about 4° or 5° when first seen (at 74"); moved upward and eastward until it pointed 5° east or south of Arcturus, when it was faint and just distinguishable—a curious sight: I called it an auroral streak; extent about 20° east and west of Pole star (40° long) ; could discover no other traces of an aurora. There were none at 9". Its light was a little stronger than that of the comet on the 11th or 17th, but resembling it very much—decidedly diver- gent from one end; greatest width not over 1° till nearly extinct when it appeared perhaps 14° or 14°, losing its end first and be- coming pretty uniformly wide. Clouds on the northern and western horizon. An aurora about 73" ; uncertain when it disappeared: no streamers. (Should probably be Apr. 6th.) Heavy cloud on western and northern horizon, above it apparently brighter than an ordinary sky; saw no streamers at 9". Rain from 934 to 103%. Cloudy at 103°. (479) Cl’y in N. at 9°; tolerably clear in 8, hemisphere. Moon. Cloudy. Tolerably clear at 113%. No A.B. Not very clear in north at 8" or 9"; saw no A.B. Clear at 10". No A.B. Somewhat cloudy in north. No A.B. at 10°. Cloudy. Clear spaces in the north at about 11"; apparently an A.B. No streamers seen. (480) No A.B. Rather hazy at 10°. Mostly cloudy: clear spaces of sky in N.: no A.B, at 11": moon, Clear. First saw an auroral bow in the N. at 63", not very well defined, rather faint, about 5° or 6° at highest part; no stream- ers. Noticed it until 7". Looked again at 107",—then a gene- ral brightness, perhaps 12° or 14° high, the brightest part E. of N. Moon rose about 943" and very much interfered. The light in the north was of a red celor. Cloudy to 1145; very clear on morning of 25th at 54"; strongly suspect an A.B.—probably Milky Way. Clear. Was uncertain whether there was an A.B. east of north near horizon at 82", or not; seemed to be lighter there than in neighboring portions of the heavens. Moon near quarter. Here and there a clear space, but at 11" ev’t, and prob. all night. Ov’t to 11". Clear next morning at 4". No A.B. Clear. Moon. No A.B. to 12%. Clear. Think there was no A.B. Clear to 11", There may have been a slight A.B. at 11"; did not look critically. Alternately clear and cloudy. No A.B. at 11", Cloudy to 94", when it began to be clear. Clear at 113", except low cloud in N. Somewhat cloudy at 123", Moon. Cloudy to 10", and doubtless later; two er three clear streaks in the north looked rather bright, but think there was no A.B, Cl’y to about 93"; cl’rin N. at 103: very bright, but think no A.B. 17|Ov’t to 82"; between that and 11° cleared off. No A.B. at 11). Cloudy and rainy next morning. 1844. June 10 July 2 6 16 Sept. 1 Oct. 5 31 Bradley's Auroral Register. 141 Too cloudy to allow good obs. at 8"; looked out at 10", too cloudy ; again at 114"; quite light in N. under large cloud, but think there was no A.B. Clear. No A.B. to 9". Clear to 10". Cloud in N. and W. with lightning, No A.B. Cl’y about 102", and rain. Clear at 114°. No A.B. Ov’t early in evening. At 8$> very fair, Clear at 103" to 11", and probably later. No A.B. Looked rather light in N.E. between clouds; doubtful about there being any A.B. at 93". Clear early inev’g; at 10" cloudedin N.; at 113" clear. No A.B. 9|No A.B. Watching for meteors trom 9} to 3" a.m. Clouds con- cealed three-eighths of them; five persons saw 367 meteors, Ov’t after 55 5™. Somewhat cloudy early in evening; at 9" fair. Moon. No A.B. Hazy in early part of evening. No A.B. to 9%. Seattering clouds in N. to 83". No A.B. Clear. No A.B. at 10°. Clear. No A.B. to 10". Susp. an A.B. at 103", but very doubtful ; saw no streamers. Clear. No A.B. to 103", Rather light in N. about 11°. Clear. About 94" suspected an A.B.; saw no streamers. Moon shining most brilliantly. Clouds fill the sky, with here and there clear spaces. Moon. No A.B. at 9". None at 10°. Thin clouds: at 9" clear streak on N. hor. about 4° wide. No A.B. Clear: rather light in N. at 83": hardly think there was any A.B. Cloudy to 7", with a slight sprinkle of rain. Clear from 8" to 11°, Suspicion of A.B.; saw no streamers in a few minutes watch. Ov’t to 8", and perhaps later. Clear at 10", but hazy in N. Clear at 12". No A.B. Ovy’t to 10", with slight snow storm. Clear streak in N. at 11" and perhaps before, about 8° or 9° from horizon; heavy cloud over it. Ov’t: began tocl’rab’t 8"; cl’rat 93": moon: no A.B.: ov’t at 10". Hazy, with a few clouds; north considerably obstructed by clouds at times: tolerably good obs. No A.B. to 103°. Cl’y from hor. up 20°; very thick, dusty atmosphere: ov’t a little after 9"; tolerably clear at 10". No A.B. Clear to 12", Moon. Suspected a slight A.B. about 113"; saw no streamers, no arch, but diffuse light. Ov’t to 10%. At 11" north nearly clear. No A.B. Thick cloud on the N. hor. about 10° high; otherwise clear. No A.B., though it was very light just above the cloud, and behind it (prob. daylight), at 9}" to 93". At 94> scarce any of this light. Ov’t to 945; quite hazy at 10". Clear at Ridgefield, Conn. No A.B. to 9". Moon. Quite hazy; some clouds. No A.B, at 9" to 9}". North obstructed to 94"; after that clear, and a faint auroral arch was visible, not defined below, but pretty well defined above. No streamers. Extent 60° or 70° on horizon; did not much re- semble an auroral arch as they usually appear. Clear to 9». No A.B. After 9% cloudy to 10", and probably later. (It is probable that Mr. Herrick’s reference to Mr. Bradley [see p. 74] at this date is an error. This date ought not therefore to have been numbered in Herrick’s Register.) 142 Bradley's Auroral Register. 1845. Aug. 22|Some clouds obstruct north. No A.B. at 8; none at 9°, 29 North almost entirely filled with clouds to 9%. Looked rather bright | among clouds at 9", Scarcely think there was any A.B, Sept. 7 Very clear. Moon. Suspected a slight A.B. at 9", but concluded | that there was none. 28 Mostly clear. At 72 N. very much obstructed; no signs of an A.B. | At 9" somewhat obst.; some signs of an A Bis though scarcely | think there was any. Clear at gin, 29 Clear. No A.B. to 10%. Looked rather light in N. at 10", but be- | lieve there was no A.B. Nov. 12) Very clear: no A.B. to es moon: p’y cl’r 32" to 5" a.m.: no A.B, 15 Notentirely cl’r to Ss t 74° very cl’r. No A.B. at 103". Looked | rather light in N. ee moon, and favorable place for obs. | Searcely think that ‘there was an A.B. 26 Hazy. No A.B. to 10". A person informs me that about 64" or 7 he noticed what he thought was an A.B. Soon clouded over; | saw no streamers. Dec. 1 Ov’t to 10", except cl’r 15™ ab’t 64 and a short time bet’n 7" and 8°. 18 Partially clear for a short about 6" to 63°. Ov't to Oy 29 Clear. No A.B. to 83". Saw Biela’s comet this evening about 37’ less AJR. than Kappa gee ae about the same + dec. It was a nebulous looking object with pretty bright nucleus, with three bright points like small stars, but seen only by indirect vision occasionally, Tail 3’ or 4’ diameter (or length)—very difficult to determine about the direction of it. It appeared turned toward the sun. A small nebulous spot preceded it about two or three minutes in are. 1846. Jan. 2 Mostly ov’t to 10" About 11” a narrow clear streak W. of N. which was very bright. Some suspicion of A.B. Feb. 6 Thin filmy clouds cov ered the sky. No A.B. to 10°. 10 Ovy’t to 10", except a short interval of broken clouds about 7 Mar. 15 N. much obst. at 83", tolerably cl’r at 9"; some suspicions Rae Bu; but conclude there i is none. None at 10". 17 Clear to 83"; cloud in N. at 9". At 10" clear; had suspicions of | A.B, about 95" to 10", but am inclined to think there was none. 18 Clear. No A.B. to 10", though it appeared much like 17th. 19 Clear; rather more like an A.B. than the two preceding ev’gs, but | ver v doubtful about any A.B. 29 Considerably hazy at 83", clear at 10", no A.B. Apr. 20) Mostly clear, yet inclining to cloudiness, Part of the N. sometimes | obscured: no A.B. to 94°; in the observator y to that time. May 25 Ov’t. At 11" tolerably clear in the N.; obs. imperfect. July 29 Mostly ov’t. At 93" N. considerably clear, no A.B. to 92". Aug. 24, An A.B. sprung up about 8" or 8}2—str eamers rather numerous— no well defined arch—mixed w ith so much cloud near horizon as to destroy the symmetry of the arch. About 8" it gathered into patches of light, with here and there a faint streamer, Most of the light was E. of N. point. Two or three bright streamers E. of N. were observed to move E.: none others were certainly seen to move. 29| Almost wholly ov’t at Ridgefield, Conn. At 10" some clear space in the N., and under a cloud about 5° or 6° high, thought there was an A.B.—thought I saw a streamer or two, but it might have been the contrast of cloud and sky. It soon clouded. (481) Bradley's Auroral Register. 148 1846. Aug. 30/ Clear at Ridgefield; very strongly suspected an A.B., but saw no streamers : noticed it ‘at intervals from 9" to 10%, Sept. 14 Clear; slightly suspected some auroral light about 9" or 93", 21 Clear. First noticed ab’t 83" an A.B. ; a band-shaped mass of light. | I did not watch for streamers. About 10" it had increased in | brightness and extent. Not avery regularly shaped arch, but | amass of light extending perhaps 65° or 70°, and quite red, par- | ticularly that portion W. of N. There were numerous red streamers, some of them extending up 40°. 22 | Clear. First noticed a bank of auroral light about 83"; watched it _ at intervals up to 10}", but saw no streamers certainly. It changed very little during the whole time. 23 Clear. Noticed about 8", an arch- -shaped bank of auroral light, not over 2° or 3° high. At 10" it had increased in brightness, | extent, and elevation. Amplitude about 60° or 65°, and 5° or 6° | high; pretty well formed. Saw no streamers certainly, but thought I observed one occasionally extending upward 4° or 5° from the arch. Oct. 14) Partly clear at 7%. Ov’t at 832 and 9", At 11> clear, suspected an A.B., not a very good obs. Jan. 1 Partly el’r at 8", but a cloud on the earth. Moon. No A.B. to 94. 7/Ov’t to 115 and probably later: at 12" clear N. and W. Thought | there was an A.B. (482) Feb. 7 Quite hazy. No A.B, at 8"; yet it was quite light among the openings or thinner haze. At 10® ov’t. Mar. 19 Clear. Saw about 91°, a bright A.B. with streamers. It increased in magnitude and splendor, and nearly equaled those of 1837-39. Clr, m’y: no A.B. to 10": very slightly susp. faint aur. light ab’t 9". Clear. “About 8? first noticed, while in the observ: atory, an auroral ' arch with innumerable streamers. It increased in splendor and magnitude till 11". At 93" first noticed an arch of light span- ning the heavens from E. to W. and passing S. of the zenith. About 10", Pollux was in the middle of the band, which was moving South, During all the time innumerable streamers, | tinted green and purple, were marching and countermarching, performing evolutions indescribable. At 103" sheets of light swept upward, 22 N. slightly obst. to 9", at 10" wholly ov’t. Moon. Saw m0 A.B. 30 Entirely ov’t at 9%: now and then a little clear sky. At 93" quite a light streak in N. low down; probably owing to moon and contrast of light and dense clouds. May 7) Ov’t except here and there a few stars to be seen. Thought it quite light in the N.E. through the openings in the clouds ; presume it was the contrast. 10 Mostly clear, some clouds on horizon; hazy, yet stars tolerably conspicuous. No A.B. to 10", yet a light i in the N. attracted at- tention; think there was no AB. June 14 Ovy’t, and ‘a shower about 83"; nearly clear at 94> and no A.B.: clouds interfered very much. Appeared quite light through some of the openings before and after 10°, 21 Entirely ov’t 9" to 10°; clear from 73" to about 9" and no A.B. July 10 Thick clouds; entirely ov’t to 10°. Aug. 4 Clear. First noticed an A.B. about 9%. At 934 a fine arch about 4° high, ampl. about 60°; very soon a second one formed, 7° high Apr. ~T Or | | { | 144 1847. , Sept. 16 oct.” 1 Nov. 14 15 19 30 Dec. 8 26 1848. Jan. 4 5 | 23 29 Feb. 6 16 25 Mar. 22) Apr. 28 30 May 27 28 July 28 Aug. 17 mill 23 27 Sept. 8 Bradley's Auroral Register. and ampl. 90° more or less; but cut off at Eastern end. Both arches rose upward gradually, soon after which the upper one broke up into patches of light, which continued to move south- ward: quite ill-defined. The first arch continued tolerably per- fect to 103", when I ceased looking at it from the observatory. Clear. A.B. I first saw streamers 7° to 16° high about 8}", with- out much other light, though the moon was shining. The moon set about 10", after which and even before, there was a segment of an arch 4° or 5° alt. and 66° to 70° ampl. About the time the moon set, the arch had become mere patches of light. Some few streamers then. ‘Clr: no A.B. to 10}"; there was a slightly suspicious light in the N. \Slightly suspected an auroral light, between 73" to 8", but too cloudy and too much moonlight to "determine w ith any certainty. Much clouded to 10", Clear in the N. at 103% and to 11". Slight- ly suspected an A.B, at 112. It may have been occasioned by . the moon which was in quadrature. Slightly suspected an A.B. through an opening in the clouds about 8". Entirely ov’t in a few minutes: moon. rr to ab’t 9$"; think there was no A.B. yet a faint auroral light slightly suspected at times. Ov’t at 93°. |Clear to 7"; ov’t to 10". Mostly cl’r at 11, Was there an A.B. ? Clear. Slightly suspected auroral light at 8). Clear. Slightly suspected a faint auroral light, but am inclined to think that there was none. Ov’t to 10°. Clear at 12"; saw no A.B.: poor obs. Ov’t early: at 113° cl’r, and perhaps earlier; saw no A.B. : poor obs. Clr. Strongly susp. oe aur. light ab’t 8"; saw no streamers: moon. Clear. No A.B. at 7" to 748: none at 9". Suspected A.B. at 114°; not a very good ue Ov’t to 9" and doubtless later, snowing at 83. Mr. Pardee saw an A.B. through an opening in the clouds about 6 a.m. of the 7th. It was of a red color, (483) Clear. Moon. About 9" to 94" suspected some auroral light, but was uncertain. Clr. Strongly susp. some aur. light ab’t —", but at 107" concluded there was none. Nearly clear at 93?". No A.B. seen; some clouds in the way. Almost wholly ov’t to 9", partially clear at times. N. obse. at 10". ‘Clear. Strong suspicions of a sl’t A.B. ab’t 9": saw no streamers. Clear. About 93" suspected a slight A.B., but a few minutes watch- ing confirmed it, as I saw one streamer distinctly, and two or three others faintly: the one reached up to about 7° or 8° alt. E. of N. At 112" ov’t. Almost wh’y ov +t to 108, Through an opening in the clouds ab’t 94 slightly suspected some A. B., but was uncertain. Almost wh’y ov’t from 9" to 94". Clear at 104" ; could see no A.B. Sky much obse. by clouds. No A.B. seen from ‘the observatory. \Ov’t entirely to 9", At 93> saw the light of an A.B. above the trees; could not be mistaken: saw no streamers. Clear, and no A.B. at 12", Clear. A.B. slightly Supected about 9", but think there was none. Clear. No A.B. seen at 844, nor at 10". Not a very good obs. Oct. 211Ov’t early. M’y cl’r at gf, but hazy in N. Saw no AB: poor obs. Bradley's Auroral Register. 145 1848. Oct. 23| An arch of 70° amplitude, and 5° or 6° high, from 7" to 93". 29 Nov. 8 29 Dec. 16 17 19 22 1849. Jan. 14 June 1 Sept. 8 25 Oct. 22 Ov’t to 93". Some openings in the N. about 7, but indicating nothing ratios Obs. impos. early. Clear, but moon at 10"; made no good obs. Clear, Saw a tall bank of auroral light about 83". At 9" saw no traces of A.B. Ov’t to 7" and also at 84". The New Haven Journal and Courier of the 18th says there was an aurora. (484) Nearly clear. A fine aurora from early in the evening to 11°. Clear, saw no A.B.: not a very good obs. Ov't to 73. Cleared off about 9". Saw no A.B. at 103°; not a very g good obs. Ov’t to 9" and prob. later. Some clear streaks in the N. about 10 which showed I think without mistake an A.B. My obs. was not very good on account of obstructions, but I had little doubt of an aurora. (485) M’y ov’t, yet a few open spaces in the N. at 8 which looked very light. I judged there was an A.B.: did not look after 84". (486) Clear. Slightly suspected an A.B. but was quite uncertain, Ov’t in N. at 7". At 83" to 9" some clear sky on northern hori- zon. Wo peark quite suspicious, but think the light due to the moon and to contrast. An arch at 7" and again at 9"; ay 100°, altitude 11°. Clear. Moon Thad har dly a doubt that there was an A.B. about 9", Saw no streamers. (487) Nearly ov’t up to 10"; stars dimly seen overhead; a few bright openings in N. about 93", prob. due to contrast. Clear. No A.B. to 9" from observatory. It appeared a little sus- picious, but I saw no streamers, and concluded there was no A.B. Clear. Some long low clouds in N. Bright between them but prob. due to contrast. Ov’t at 73"; at 10" nearly clear; hazy and some clouds in the N. low down. No A.B. although it appeared hght among the cl’ds. Considerable cl’r sky at times to 83 or 9". At 10" n’y or quite ov’t. Partially cloudy. No A.B. at 10". Moon. M’y clear. Long cloud in N. at 10" and a little before: slight sus- picion of an A.B. but probably due to twilight and contrast. Almost wholly ov’t; a narrow clear streak obs. at 10" in the N. quite bright: prob. due to contrast. Clear at Ridgefield, Conn. No, A.B. seen at 9°. Clear at Ridgefield, No A.B. seen. Moon. Partially cl’r at Ridgefield: moon: no A.B. seen at 10"; el’ds inter. O’vt to 10". (Some clr sky ab’t 3" or 4" a.m. of the Lith, [A.N.8.]} Partially clear at 94°, but saw no A.B. Clear. No A.B. at gan : at 92" N. obstructed with broken clouds, A very slight suspicion of an A.B. about 94°. Broken clouds fill the N. at 94". The spaces revealed considerable brightness, but I considered it due to contrast. Mostly cPr: at about 93" low cl’din the N.: clear above; concluded that there was no A.B. though I had a very slight suspicion. Mostly clear; strongly suspec ted some auroral light at 10". Saw no streamers in a few minutes watching. Cl’ds interfered a little. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 103", yet very slightly suspected. Clear. No A.B. at 93%. A slight suspicion of one about 11°. 19 146 1850. Jan, .3 20 Mar. 3 23 31 Apr. 6 May 7 13 19 ilk June 3 24 July 6 Aug. 10 UY 14 16 223} Sept. 8 Oct. 31 ews. «1 7 10 12 20 Dec. 1 ial 25 26 is5l. Jan. 10 Feb. 4 8 | 26 Di 28 Mar. 1 Bradley’s Auroral Register. Partially clear. No A.B. at 11. Sky covered with cirri; slightly suspected an A.B. Clear. At about 9} had some suspicions of an A.B. At 11" had scarcely a doubt, “put saw no streamers. (488) Ov’t; began to clear off before 9". Moon. No A.B. seen at 9". Clear, Saw an auroral arch about 5° or more high, 60° or more ampl. At 11" saw it again; no streamers. Clear. A fine A.B. At 9" a fine arch 10° to 12° high, 90° or less ampl.; splendid streamers. Arch broke up at gyn or before. Clear. A pretty bright A.B. No well-defined arch: streamers numerous. It increased about 11" but I was not in a position to observe it. No A.B. at 8", did not observe after twilight ceased, partially cl’y, showery, but much clear sky during ev’g. Clear. Moon. Think there was no A.B. but had very slight sus- picions of one about 9°, Clds prevented obs. most of the ev’g; no A.B. seen to 12”. Moon. Had some suspicions of an A.B. about 10" 20™ but clouds inter- fered too much to determine. Clear. No A.B. seen to 93" from observatory. Full moon. Clear, at 93° to 92"; think there was a slight A.B. Saw no streamers. (489) Clear mostly; a low cloud in the N. A faint A.B. seen about 10”. At 11" it was bright with a few streamers. At 12" it had di- minished considerably. Clear. Suspected a slight A.B, about 10": saw no streamers. Partly clear. Some clear streaks in N. No A.B. seen at 102°, Clear. Suspected an A.B. At 93" to 10" from observatory saw no streamers. Moon. Partly ov’t. No A.B. seen at 94. Moon. Nearly clear about 103": had hardly a doubt that there was an A.B.; clouds interfered somewhat. Saw no streamers. (490) Ov’t to 10", and probably later. Partially clear. No A.B. at 9". Clear. No A.B. to 83". None at 10"; yet avery slight suspicion. Clear, An A.B. seen about TO". faint in the moonlight, but very decided : some streamer-like appearances E. of N. Like a mass or bundle of streamers. (491) Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 10". Clear. No A.B. at 10". Nearly clear. A low cloud above which, about 4° high, one or two streamers were seen by two persons about 63". None seen after, nor were there any suspicions of an A.B, (492) Partly clear. Wholly so in the N. at 11>: no A.B. seen. Ov’t and snowing to 83". Clear at 103": no A.B. Clear. An A.B.: no form, but a diffused light. Saw no stream- ers, but have scarcely a doubt of an aurora, (493) No A.B. seen at 10". Cl’ds along the hor. from 3° to 8° high: cl’r above it: no A.B. at 93". Clear. No A.B. at —". Clear. No A.B. at 8°. None at 94". Ov’t (?) all the evening to 10", and probably later. Ov’t to 9", and probably later. Clear. No A.B. at 8 845, None at 10". 1851. ar. 2)/Clear. 3 4/ Clear. 5 6 7 8 | 9 | Clear. Bradley’s Auroral Register. 147 No A.B. at 10". Nearly clear inthe N. No A.B, seen at 10°. No A.B. seen at 105. Partially clear. No A.B. seen at 10". Cloudy. Ov’t to 93°. Ov’t and snowing at 8". Ov’t and drizzling rain to about 8": at 83" snowing again. Moon. No A.B. seen at 93". 10 Partially clear. No A.B. seen at 10°, Moon. 11) Clear. No A.B. seen to 10°. 12)/No A.B. seen. Thinly ov’t to 10°. 13 | Clear. No A.B. seen at —". Low cloud in N. at —. 14/Ov’t to (10° ?) 15 Ov’t to 10", and probably later. 16) Ov’t to 93". 17|Ov’t and stormy ; probably all night. 18 | Ov’t. 19 Oy’t to 11", and probably later. 20|A few clear streaks: no A.B. Appeared rather light, but prob- 21) Clear. 22 | Clear. ably owing to the contrast. No A.B. to 93". First noticed a general light about 83" low down. 23 Ov’t, and rain about 93. 24 Ov’t from 8" to 10". Before 8" no A.B.: many clouds. 25 | Clear, 26 | Clear. No A.B. to 83": none at 10", No A.B. to 1037. 27 Cloudless: haze obscured stars within 15° to 20° of the horizon. 28 | Clear. 29 Clear. 94"; An A.B. First noticed streamers from the observatory at no arch and not much light ; general light only at 113". An A.B.; ill-defined arch 1° to14° high. saw two auroral arches, the upper 20° in alt. At 9" only the lower arch was visible: red light in N.E. Saw but little more to 9", when it began to cloud over. At 10" ov’t thinly. (498) Clear to 9", when it began clouding. At 83" saw an arch, or a frag- ment of one, and twice saw bright streamers with rapid lateral movement, after which clouds obscured the whole. Arch 19° alt.: dark bank below. (499) Nearly clear. No A.B. seen. Moon. Clear. No A.B. at 945. (A splendid A.B. seen about 1> a.m. of 11th. See N. Haven Journal and Courier of the 15th.) — (500) No A.B. seen at 94°. Partly clear. No A.B. seen at 93°. Moon. Ov’t and rainy to 93", and probably ov’t later. Clear. No A.B, seen at 10°. Moon. 15|Clear. No A.B. seen at 93", none at 1035. Moon. 17|Clear. No A.B. at 8", nor at 9". 1861. Sept. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Oct. 1 Nov. 3 Dec. 6 Bradley’s Auroral Register. 151 Clear. No A.B. at 9°. Clear. No A.B. at 9" to 934, Clear. No A.B. at 10°. Ov’t to 10", and doubtless later. Ov’t to —: at 10" a little clear sky visible. No A.B, seen. Ov’t to 94", and doubtless later. Cold and clear. No A.B. at 93"; none at 105, No A.B. at 9"; none at 944, Ov’t most of the evening. At 10" nearly clear. Clear. No A.B. at 10°. Clear. No A.B. at 9"; none at 10. Partially clear. A splendid red Aurora, At 7" 25™ fine exhibition of streamers converging from every point of compass. Those on the 8. of the centre, or corona, (which was scarcely a corona,) 10° to 15° long, At gin a fine exhibition still in the E. or E. by N. Clouds interfered very much. At 2}" a.m. Prof. Olmsted reports a dark segment in N., 8° high and 90° ampl. Streamers at 3" 40™, See New Haven Journal. (501) Ov’t to 9", and prob. later. Clear. Moon to 10", At 103" saw a large streamer or a bundle of streamers. Very little general light i in N. (502) Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen from 83" to 1034, from observatory. Mostly clear. No A.B. seen at 103°. Moon. No A.B. seen at 10" to 104%. Clear at 9". Obstructed raat stratified clouds at 11%. Moon. Ap- peared very light, but probably due to moonlight. No A.B. seen at 9". Slightly suspected one about 7". Moon. Partially clear to 84%. Moon. No A.B, seen. At 11" clear, down to within 4° or 5° of the horizon: no A.B. seen. Ov’t. Nearly clear. Suspected an A.B. at 9". Saw no streamers, in a few minutes watching. M’ycl’r. Acloud on hor, 3° to 4° high; quite light above it. Moon. Clear at 7%. No A.B.seen. Ov’t at 9%. Clear. No A.B. at 93°. Clear, inclining to clouds. Some suspicions of an A.B. at 84", Clear. No A.B. seen from observatory to 8". None seen at 93°; not a very good obs. Clear. No A.B. at 9". A very faint suspicion. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 10". Ov’t up to 9°. About 7" saw a horizontal brush of light E. of N. across the handle of the dipper, Eta and Zeta, which almost immediately vanished. Soon another smaller brush, a degree or two lower down, ap- peared and vanished. Saw no other except an unusual light on the horizon. None at 9"; at 103" a little cloudy. It was misty all the evening. Nearly ov’t. Clear at 10" from horizon up 6° or 7°. No A.B. seen. Ov’t to 10". At 4" a.m. of 7th clear. Moon. No A.B, seen. 8|Ov’t to about 9": at 10", or a little after, nearly clear. No A.B, seen. It was a little suspicious, however. Clear at Ridgefield, Conn, Susp. A.B, about 10"; saw no streamers. Clear. Moon. No A.B, seen at 9", Clear. No A.B. to 9%. 152 Bradley's Auroral Register. 1852. Apr. 15) Clouds filled the N. at 10", There were strong indications of an June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dee. Mar. A.B, I had scarcely a donbt. (503) Clear. No A.B. at 105. ‘Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 944, 80/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen. 1 Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 10°. ‘Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 93" Ov’t first part of evening ; too ee to obs. to 10, ‘Clear. About 93" the whole N. was filled with streamers, from the horizon. Red light at 103"; some streamers; no arch : con- siderable general light. Almost wh’y ov’t: appeared quite susp. in places through the cl’ds. Clear. No A.B. seen at 104, Clear. An A.B.: low arch on horizon nearly. Streamers at 84>; two arches. Settled down into general light at 10". (504) Ov’t to 10", and probably later. Nearly ov t, Nearly ov’t. Obs. nearly impos. to 10°. 19|Clear. No A.B. seen. 18 20) Ov’t. ‘Clear. No A.B. seen at 10°, Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen. Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 104. Ov’t to 10", and probably all night. Clear. No A.B. iClear. No A.B. Clear. No A.B. at 944, Clear. No A.B. at 104, Clear. No A.B. at 10°. Clear. No A.B. at 9": slight susp. of one, but place of obs. bad. Clear, but a little hazy. No A.B. at 10". Ov’t a 10%, Clear. No A.B, at 7%, nor at 95. No A.B. at 105. iClear. No A.B. Strongly suspected an A.B. No streamers seen at 94%. ‘Clear. No A.B. seen at 10". Moon. iClear. No A.B. seen at 11°. Moon. |Ov’t up to —". Cleared away late; clear at 103°. ‘Clear. Suspected an A.B. at 8", and at 10°; saw no streamers. IClear, Moon. Slight suspicion of an A.B. at 83°. |Clear and cold. No A.B. seen from 7" to 9%. Moon. Ov’t. Clear. Moon. Slight suspicions of A.B. about 10°, but doubtful. No A.B. seen at gah, }Ov't ‘Clear. Some suspicions of an A.B. at 10". Clr, A.B, at 10" and after: no streamers noticed; mo arch. (505) /Clear.. Strong suspicions, almost certainty, that there was an A.B, Saw no streamers at 102, 506) Crr. Think there was an A.B. ; saw no streamers: cl’ds interf. ae Clear. There was an A.B., I have hardly a doubt. No streamers seen about 10" in five minutes watching. (508) Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen. Bradley's Auroral Register. 153 1853. Mar. 18/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen. Apr. May June July Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ov’t. Clear. No A.B. seen. 7/Clear. Slight suspicions of an A.B, about 93°. 16|Ov’t. 17|Ov’t to 10", and probably later. 18|Clear. Moon. No A.B, at —. 19/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 103%. 20|Rather hazy. Moon. No A.B, seen at 9%. 15/Clear. Moon. 19|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 93". 22|/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen. 26|No A.B. at 9}. 5|/Clear. No A.B. 9|/Clear. An A.B. with streamers and broken arches about 9"; could not watch it long. (509) 14|Clear: did not make much of an obs. 15| Nearly clear. 16|Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 94°. 19/Clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 9". 21| Not wholly clear. 26| Mostly ov’t at 10". At 94" some suspicions of an A.B. It may have been the effect of the rising moon. 1/OnN. Y. Central R.R. all night, clear, but saw no A.B. 2|Clear, or nearly so: poor obs. 16| Ov’t. 17| Partially clear. No A.B. seen at 10°. 21| Ov’t. 25 | Ov’t, probably all night. 26|Ov’t, probably all night. 27/Clear. No A.B, at 10® to 104°. 30|No A.B. 18|Clear. No A.B. seen at 10". 22|No A.B. about 10°. 15| Partially clear. No A.B. seen from 9" to 94%. 18) Clear at 9". Moon. Saw no A.B.; could not see below 20° alt. from horizon. 23|Clear. Moon. Think there was no A.B. at 92". 26|Clear. No A.B. at 8", nor at 10°. 27|Ov’t, probably all night. 28) Nearly clear. Suspected an A.B, about 10"; saw no streamers. 29/Clear. No A.B. at 8" or 104. 31/Clear. About 8}" to 10" an A.B. No streamers; low light, arch of 30° to 40° extent. (510) 3/Clear. No A.B. at 10%. 15| Nearly clear. Moon. No A.B. seen at 9". 17)/Clear. Moon. No A.B. at 10". 5)Clear. Suspected an A.B. about 10": saw no streamers. 12|Clear early in the evening, but cloudy later till 10". 13|}No A. B. seen at 9%. 16 | Ov’t. 21, Ov’t mostly. A bright appearance among clouds inthe N. Think it was contrast. 23| Nearly clear. About 11" saw what resembled streamers among clouds: scarcely a doubt. (511) 20 Mar. Bradley's Auroral Register. 27|Clear. No A.B. 29|Clear. No A.B. at 938. None at 10°. 31) Ov’t and snowing. 2)Clear. An auroral arch about 5° high at 8". Continued to de- crease in altitude until 10". Nothing remarkable. 7\Clear. No A.B, at 11°. 27|Clear at 1035. No A.B. 15 | Partly ov’t, but among the clouds saw streamers at about 63°. No great display of aurora seen. Clouds covered the northern sky at 10°, (512) 16/Clear. No A.B. 27|Clear. An A.B.: low arch or bank of light ; saw no streamers. 28|/Clear, An A.B. About 10" and after, fragments of low arches, from which shot up fine streamers; but soon all diminished. 29/Clear. Saw at 94> a bright fragment of an auroral arch; 20° alt., East of North. No streamers seen; died away about 104%, or before. Apr. 14|Ov’t and snowing. 15 |Ov’t. 16 |Ov’t. 18 | Clear. May 22/Clear. No A.B. to 9%. 27|Clear. No A.B. to 9". June 21/Ov’t. 27|Ov’t. 28|Clear. Saw no A.B.: poor observation. Sept. 1|Ov’t to 10", and doubtless later. 2|Ov’t to 10", and doubtless later, 4'Clear. Moon. No A.B, seen. 5 | Ov’t. 6 | Ov’t. 21 Clear. Fine A.B. Numerous streamers from an irregular bank of | light on horizon. (513) 22 | Clear. 23|Clear. No A.B. at 94. 26 Clear. A fine arch of auroral light at 8", 5° or 6° altitude, 70° or 80° amplitude. No streamers, (514) UX. Norices or Avroras EXTRACTED FROM THE METEOROLOGICAL Jour- NAL OF Rey. Ezra Strives, 8.T.D., FoRMERLY PRESIDENT OF YALE CoLLEGE3 TO WHICH ARE ADDED, NOTICES OF A FEW OTHER AURORAS RECORDED BY OTHER OBSERVERS AT New Haven, Conn., collected and arranged by Pror. Extas Loomts. Rey. Ezra Srizzs, 8.T.D., was graduated at Yale College in 1746, and in 1749 became tutor in the College, in which station he remained six years. In 1755 he was ordained pastor of a church in Newport, R. I. In 1776 the events of the war dispersed his congregation, and induced him to re- move to Dighton, Mass., and subsequently to Portsmouth, N. H. In 1778 he became President of Yale College, and continued in this station till his death, May 12, 1795. President Stiles commenced a Meteorological Journal at Newport, in January, 1763, and continued it, with but slight interruptions, till May 10, 1795, only two days before his death. In this Journal he made frequent memoranda of the Aurora Borealis. These memoranda have been carefully selected from the Journal, and are embodied in the following catalogue. Auroras observed at Newport, Rk. 1, Lat. 41° 29' N., Long. 71° 18' W., by Rev. Ezra Stiles, 8.TD., formerly President of Yale College. No, 1)1763, Nov. 11. Coruscations reached two-thirds the way to the pole star, and extended 80° around the horizon. 2\1764, Jan. 23. Aurora Borealis. 3; “ Mar. 5. Aurora Borealis. 4; “ June 18s. Aurora Borealis. 5} “ Sept. 28. Aurora Borealis. 6/1767, May 16. Aurora Borealis. 7/1768, July 20. Aurora Borealis. Very extraordinary. 8} “ Aug. 6. Aurora Borealis, 9; “ Aug. 7. Aurora Borealis. 10} “ Dee. 5. Aurora Borealis, 11)1769, Jan. 5. Aurora Borealis. 12} “ Feb. 27. Aurora Borealis. 13) “ Apr. 20. Aurora Borealis, 10° high. 14; “ July 7. Aurora Borealis. Streams scarcely to pole star. 15) “ July 8,10" pa. Arch of aurora from N.W. crossed the me- ridian south of zenith. Passed a little south of Alpha Lyre, 16; “ Oct. 7. Aurora Borealis. 17; “ Oct. 23. Aurora Borealis, streams. 18} “ Oct. 24. Aurora Borealis. 19; “ Oct. 25. Aurora Borealis. 20/1770, Jan. 17. Aurora Borealis. 21; “ Jan. 18. Aurora Borealis. 22; “ Feb. 28. Aurora Borealis. 23! “ Mar. 23. Aurora Borealis. 156 iiae,saly 8. my couly 25. 1778, Jan. 17. evans, 18: e), Jan. 19, <> June 1G: ce dually 17 | Wife Jan. 9. ln Cone eelviccage leet 6c Mar. oe | “ Mar. 15. CFs BOct Muar Sion Wees\ tl 1775, Jan, 29. Stiles’s Auroral Observations. Great A.B. 9" 40™ to 10" and more. The streams reached nearly to the zenith, and broad sheets of light fre- quently ascending out of the north, and passing 60° or 70° in a second. The coruscations were white; little red. Great A.B. at 9" evening. Aurora Borealis. Aurora Borealis. Aurora Borealis. Aurora Borealis. Extraordinary Aurora Borealis. Aurora Borealis. Aurora Borealis. Aurora Borealis. Aurora Borealis. Aurora Borealis. Aurora Borealis. Aurora Borealis. Auroras observed at Dighton, Mass., Lat. 41° 48', Long. 71° 8’ W. 38 39 1777, (ii. san, 28; 10™ aurora continues in the north under the pole, and a lucidity on Cor Aquile. At midnight, dark cloud lying along under the pole, interstreaked with horizontal lights. Aurora seems breaking up. The bow continued for three-quarters of an hour, the most of the time well defined, all the time rising toward the ze- nith, passing 32° on the meridian in forty or forty-five min- utes. But the horizontal ends of the bow or zone did not move so much. 80/1781, Mar. 28, at 114", a small Aurora Borealis. “cc Apr. 13. Considerable Aurora Borealis about 93". Apr. 14. Small Aurora Borealis. Apr. 15. Faint Aurora Borealis, low. Apr. 17. White A.B., two-thirds up to pole. May 11. A.B. 2 hours high, and three-fourths round the horizon, Observed at East Hartford, Conn. May 17. Considerable A.B.; observed at Brimfield, Mass. June 7. A.B. 30° high; from N. 30° E. to 8. 5° W. June 9. Aurora Borealis, great and diffused. June 20, Small Aurora Borealis. July 9 Small Aurora Borealis. Aug. 8 Small A.B., coruscations two-thirds up to pole star. Aug. 17. Small Aurora Borealis. Aug. 20. Small Aurora Borealis. Sept. 18. Aurora Borealis, 5° high. Sept. 25. At 72 20™ an arch about 20° above the horizon in- clining toward the west. At 84> the coruscations tend to- ward a point in the zenith, one streak in the west very red: ascend in flames similar to the coruscations from a large fire. The flashes extended nearly to the S.W. The flashes as- cended with great rapidity. Its continuance about a quarter of an hour. At 8?" an arch similar to the first, about 30° high. At an instant, another arch over the first about 40° high, both inclining toward the west. Streaks up from the first arch, very bright, but no flashing. The coruscations ascend in the form of a cone. They point in the zenith. Im- mediately upon that, the flashing began in the east and west with great rapidity. A bright moonlight evening. At 94 little or no appearance of any light. 160 Stiles’s Auroral Observations. 96|1781, Oct. 15. A.B. first appeared at 8°. At 11> very bright and 97 98 6c 6 flashes with rapidity, of a red cast, in the west, 45° above the horizon. Noy. 19. A.B., white and red coruscations. At 9% the main body of light as high as in Great Bear. The coruscations in N.W. ascended above the pole star. Dec. 11. Small Aurora Borealis, 15° high. 99|1782, Mar. 10. Aurora Borealis, 6° high. 100 101 102 103 104 1065 106 107 108 109 110 112 113 114 66 e 6é Apr. 1. Small Aurora Borealis, faint, 15° high. Apr. 13. Aurora Borealis, light, 10° high. May 4. Great A.B. At 8" 10" streams ascended from N.E. to the zenith. At 8" 18™ coruscations from east round to west by north, meet in the zenith, and at their southern limit formed an arch from horizon to horizon, passing through the tail and back of Leo, and a little northw: ard, but very nearly touching Cor Leonis. Vanished in a few ‘minutes. Black. clouds lying along under the pole. At 8" 30™ came over to the southern horizon, partly in vertical streams and partly by luminous nubecule oblong, and other seemingly de- tached spots filled the southern "hemisphere. A very light zone of perhaps five degrees around the whole west and south and east edge of “the horizon. Luminous sheets of brightness up aloft in east and in west. Dark cloud still un- der the pole. At 8" 45™ confused in south, coruscations in north, At 9" strie and coruscations. At 11” north hemisphere over- spread with great blotches of dark cloud, interspersed with light clouds. Aurora gone in south. May 6. Small Aurora Borealis. May 24. Aurora Borealis, arched. June 1. Aurora Borealis, 20° high. June 6. Small Aurora Borealis. July 20. At 10 auroral arch from west a little north, ascend- ing and crossing a little south of zenith. Aug. 5. Aurora ‘Borealis, small. Aug. 12. Aurora Borealis, small. Aug. 26. Aurora Borealis, At 10", arch half way up to pole. Aug. 27. Small Aurora Borealis. Aug. 28. Small Aurora Borealis. Sept. 9. Small Aurora Borealis. Sept. 18. Small Aurora Bor ealis. Sept. 30. Aurora Borealis, 8° high under the pole. Oct. 1. Small Aurora Borealis. Observed at Newport, R. I. Oct. 9. Small Aurora Borealis. Observed at Newport, R. L Noy. 26. Aurora Borealis, 5° under pole. , Jan. 26. Aurora Borealis, small. Feb. 1. Aurora Borealis, small. Feb. 27. Aurora Borealis, 5° high. Mar. 24. Aurora Borealis, 10° high, Mar..27. Aurora Borealis, small. Mar. 29. Very great Aumora Borealis. At 7" 34™ arch from W. by N., near Venus, passed through belt of Orion and N. of Sirius. At 7" 37" touched Rigel, Sirius, and Cor Hydre. At 75 39™ arose a new stream from nearest west, and ascended through Rigel to Sirius, 5° wide. At the same time a con- 125 | 126 | 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 | 1788, “c ce “cc “ its “cc Stiles’s Auroral Observations. 161 fluence of columns from all the N.W. and N. to the zenith concurring in the two stars in heads of Gemini. At 7" 44™ all these over, but new ones rising and playing. At 7 7 59™ another are in ’ north, passed under the pole. At 85 14 pyr- amids playing from the upper limb. At 8" 11™ coruscations coneur between Gemini and the two stars in the head of Leo, or in midst of Cancer, and on the meridian 12° south of the zenith; but evanishing and faint. At 85 15™ anew are rose from 8S. W. horizon, touched Orion, Rigel, Sirius, or a little below, and passed round to eastern fiofizbm: At gh 20" the south are, or remnant of it, crossed through Lepus, 5° south of Rigel, and 2° or 8 ° south of Si- rius. A branch issuing from it ascended through Sirius. At 8" 30™ south faint are remaining and sinking further south, or below Sirius and Lepus. All the south in aurora dim or dull and faint, down to south horizon, and perhaps 40° each side the meridian, the upper side a curved limb per- haps half way up from the horizon to Sirius. At 9" heavens full of aurora. I left observing. Apr. 2. Small Aurora Borealis. Apr. 7. At 8"50™ A.B., are 5° wide up within 5° of pole star. Apr. 24. Small Aurora Borealis. Apr. 27. Small Aurora Borealis. Are 3° high along under pole. May 2. Small Aurora Borealis. June 1. Aurora Borealis. July 28. Aurora Borealis. Aug. 1. At 9" 5™ saw an auroral beam arising from W. 19° N. perhaps 15° above the horizon, ascending ‘about Berenice’s hair, thence between Arcturus and Cor ‘Caroli, and ranged near or through the northern crown, through the stars in Hercules’ hip. At 9" 30™ crossed the meridian and passed south of Lyra, when there ascended another stream from E. horizon and joined that from the west about the vertex. It described a crooked path, the upper part bending southward. At 9" 40™ evanished. Nov. 15. Aurora Borealis. May 9. Aurora Borealis. June 5. Aurora Borealis and Australis. July 3. Aurora Borealis. Aug. 9. Aurora Borealis, small. Sept. 8. Aurora Borealis, large. Nov. 29. Aurora Borealis, small. eFeb. 28. At-10" AJB; from a dark cloud 15° high issued cor- uscations to the pole star. Mar. 13. Great Aurora Borealis. Mar. 19. Great A.B. Auroral arch from E. to W., half way up to the pole star; striz or streams up to pole. Mar. 20. Aurora Borealis. Mar. 21. Aurora Borealis. Mar. 22. Great A.B. By 9" the coruscations spread over the northern half of the hemisphere, and arches E. and W. crossed 20° south of the meridian. At 9" 5™ a beam from the E. as- cended and passed over Spica Virginis then nearly on the me- ridian ; at the same time another from the west touched Sirius with its south limb, and in five or six minutes it evanished. 21 162 Stiles’s Auroral Observations. 146 1786, Mar. 23. Aurora Borealis. 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 175 176 177 178 46 Mar. or Great Aurora Borealis, Apr. 11. Aurora Borealis. Apr. 26. Small Aurora Borealis. May 1. Aurora Borealis. May 19. Aurora Borealis. May 22. Aurora Borealis. June 19, At 10" A.B, all round the horizon to 20° high. June 30. At 10" great Aurora Borealis. Str eams to ‘zenith. July. 1. A fine auroral arch arising a little S. of E., perhaps 8° or 10° S. of E., and ascending from the horizon crossed the meridian and terminated near the western horizon, or within 10° of it. It might be 4° or 5° wide. At 10 30" passed through Serpentarii, south of Northern Crown, Zeta Aquile, Eta of the Dolphin, through Arcturus. West end evanished, and soon re-blazed, and the whole arch shone. again. “At 10" 53™, moves southward, At 11", 5° south of « Aquile, « Ser pentarii, and Arcturus, crossing the meridian about 32° south of the zenith, Ended in the head of Virgo. Van- ishing, At 11> 6™ evanished, having lasted above half an hour, in which time the whole arch moved southward perhaps 10°. July 2. Aurora Borealis. Aug. 18. Aurora Borealis. Aug. 22. Considerable A.B. Patches and spots or clouds of aurora all over the hemisphere, from the northern to the southern horizon. Aug. 24. Aurora all over the horizon north and south, and in spots aloft. Oct. 16. Aurora Borealis. Oct. 17. Aurora Borealis. Noy. 13. Aurora Borealis. Noy. 15. Aurora Berealis. Mar. 20. A.B. 60° high. Fine and beautiful coruscations. Mar. 21. Aurora Borealis. Mar. 23. Aurora Borealis. May 19. Aurora Borealis. June 2. Aurora Borealis. June 9. Aurora Borealis. June 16. Aurora Borealis, June 18. Aurora Borealis. July 1. Aurora Borealis. July 4. Aurora Borealis. July 13. Great A.B. At 9" 30™ auroral arch crossed south of the zenith from east to west, passing through Arcturus and Alpha Aquile, its southern ‘limb touching “those stars. It continued permanent, and was not wholly obliterated at 10°. Vast coruscations ascending from the north up to the zenith and beyond. At 11" aurora still great, July 14. Great Aurora Borealis. Sept. 6. Aurora Borealis. Oct. 31. Aurora Borealis. Dec. 9. Aurora Borealis. 17911788, Feb. 5. Large Aurora Borealis. 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 1938 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 180]1788, “ “ “ “ee “ec Stiles’s Auroral Observations. 163 Feb. 11. Aurora Borealis. Apr. 29. Aurora Borealis. May Ma Ma 4, Aurora Borealis. y 25. Aurora Borealis. y 28. Aurora Borealis. July 30, Aurora Borealis. Two coruscations from nearly east and west met in the vertex, crossing the meridian about 10° south of the zenith. At 10" the auroral light seems to have spread over the whole hemisphere to the southern horizon ; though more faintly southward than northward. Aug. 1. Aurora Borealis. Aug. 2. Aurora Borealis. Aug. 23. Aurora Borealis. Aug. 26. Aurora Borealis, very bright. Aug. 27. A.B., very bright, north and south round the horizon, Aug. 28. A small Aurora Borealis. Aug. 29. Aurora Borealis. Aug. 31. Aurora Borealis, north and south. Sept. 2. Aurora Borealis. Sept. 3. Aurora Borealis. Sept. 4. Aurora Borealis. Sept. 5. Aurora Borealis. Feb. 15. Aurora Borealis, 7" to 10%. Mar. 27. Aurora Borealis. Mar. 31. Aurora Borealis. Apr. 26. Aurora Borealis. May 21. Aurora Borealis. May 22. Aurora Borealis. May May Ma 23. Great A.B. All the northern hemisphere emblazoned with columns and conical streams of light. The western strie, red and white, ranged by Jupiter at 9° 25™, and imme- diately an arch of light struck across the northern hemisphere at about 40° height on the north meridian. Streams struck up from N.E., and closed or completed an entire arch across from horizon to horizon at 9° 31™, crossing the meridian south of the zenith by a star which I take to be Alpha Lyre. 28. Aurora Borealis. y 31,3" a.m. Large Aurora Borealis in north and spreading round into the south. The heavens look pied with white, light, clouds and darkness. June 12. Aurora Borealis. June 15. Aurora Borealis. Jur ye 16. Aurora Borealis. June 18. Aurora Borealis. July 10. Aurora Borealis. July 14. Aurora Borealis. Jul y 17. Aurora Borealis. July 26. Aurora Borealis. July 28. Aurora Borealis. Oct. 19. Aurora Borealis. No v.14. A grand Aurora Borealis and Australis, the striz and coruscations shooting up and playing all over and round every part of the hemisphere. Luminous spots and beautiful red and flaming pyramidal columns ascending to the zenith, At 10" was formed a grand auroral crown exactly on the me- 164 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 | 225 226 227 228 Stiles’s Auroral Observations. ridian: the center of which was near Beta in Aries, and about 4° S.W. from Alpha Arietis, 20° south of the zenith of Yale College. From this center proceeded every way, N.,58., E., and W., radial beams half way down to the horizon; be- sides a red beam or arch or broad stream which then crossed from east to west through the coronal center from horizon to horizon, or very nearly. A dim arch or luminous circle or belt, round through the southern board, crossing the me- ridian about two-thirds the way from the zenith to the south horizon. Below which was a penumbral darkness, which in five or six minutes became tinged with red to the southern horizon. About 10" 10™ or sooner the vertical crown became faint and evanishing. It lighted up again with new playing, varying and alternately evanishing striz or radii. I examined the celestial globe, and found the stars near the center to be the two stars in the head of Aries, which were on the merid-. ian at 10° 35" nearly; at which time the crown was much obliterated, though the heavens are full of aurora, At 11” the radii continue, proceeding to S.E., 8., and 5.W., but chiefly S.E. and nearly 8., then a chasm, and then streams to S.W. and W., but the extremities of the radial beams are dissipated about the center. Yet there is still a redness in the southern board, down to the horizon, and perhaps an hour and a half high. In the northern board the whole semi- hemisphere is covered with a dim whitish sheet of light like the dawn of day. In the height of the phenomenon I read the New Haven Gazette by the auroral light. I never before saw so splendid and universal an aurora, At 12" aurora north and northwest. 1789, Dec. 24. Aurora Borealis. 1790, July 3. Aurora Borealis. ce 6e 1791, 6c 74 1792, 1793, 74 July 16. Aurora Borealis. Sept. 6. Aurora Borealis. July 22. Aurora Borealis, small. Dee. 26. Aurora Borealis, small. Dec. 27. Aurora Borealis, small. Oct. 13. Great Aurora Borealis. Jan. 14. At 7", Aurora Australis south two points east. Gone at 85, Sept. 2. Aurora Borealis. 1794, Nov. 11. Aurora Borealis. Notices of Auroras extracted from various Journals kept at New Haven, Conn., and net included in either of the preceding lists. No. 1/1802, July 1. The Aurora Borealis made its appearance between 8" and 9"; the northern part of the horizon was considerably illuminated, but the brightest part was E. of North when first observed, but moved slowly westward, till it was rather W. of N. In the north, the light went up in streaks to about the height of 30°, but this appearance ceased about 10", though the light continued. eke) Rwo wd _ -16 -16 2038 Max. |Range °o °o 46 39 52 50 46 48 52, 52 Dies) 47 56 71 49 51 60 46 40 42 54 57 45 40 58 64 5o 44 563] 5o 57as|| 62 45 53 45 46 48 4I 49 | 45 Saag) Ox 54 51 6o 48 42 45 53 45 58 | 59 48 5o 50 52 49 | 48 47 | 53 55 54 50 | 49 50 48 49 | 39 48 40 4r | 57 45 | 45 67 | 64 48 48 54 51 49 53 51 60 44 | 34 sow 57 48 52 51 51 67 | 83 68 | 84 204 1817 1818 1819 1820 Mean 42 years. 669 _ Meteorology of New Haven. 25'0 28-7 30°7 “a7 43:2 ~g'°03 Hour. P.M. March. | Temp. Hour Oo 45°7 | 10 42° | 10 446 | 10 412 | 10 42:3 | 10 41'9 | 10 37°6 | 10 49°4 | 10 46:5 | 10 43:2 | 6 AEP WK) 425 | 6 47-8 || 6 44:8 | 10 45°8 | 10 46°. | to 415 | 10 40°7 438 438 2 24 9 474] 9 458 9 43:7 | 7 473 | 9 51°4 | 10 41°4 | 10 44-0 | 10 48:0 | 10 46:0 | 10 46°5 | 10 47°5 | 10 37°5 | 10 38°4 4o0°5 | 10 40'9 | 10 39°7 | 10 38°8 | 10 40'9 | 10 35:4 | 10 40:5 | 10 Temp. 32°4 34:3 29°9 339 34:2 | 36:0 Min. | Max. Range ° Oo 12 G5F 53 124 | 564) 44 1 59 | 40 ie 63 | 53 5 66 | 61 =5 62 | 67 8 5rw | 43 17 GAY. |) Sie) 17 61 | 44 9 60:54) “Sr 9 55 | 46 5 60 | 55 14 63 49 22 62 4o 7 | Fea 64 5 70 | 65 16 63 | 47 6 57a OF 14 58 | 44 18 64 | 46 A | -Somieos 6 61 55 22 60 | 38 154 | 64 | 484 3 71 | 68 5 | \G4mISoG 16 74 | 58 8 Goma IL Lipsy | 20) 14 63 | 49 7 63|| 57 17 56 | 39 10 72 | 62 fo) 62 62 8 62 | 54 5 66 | 61 13 59 | 46 5 60 | 55 8 48 | 4o 13 58 | 45 9 50 41 3 68 | 65 -5 Meteorology of New Haven. 205 March (continued). Hour. Hour. , Hour. m . Year, ‘ Temp. se | Temp. | oy. | em Mean. | Min. | Max. |Runge. ° ° o ° ° ie} ° 1821 618 | 27:3 I 39°9 | 10 34°4 | 33°9 | 11 58 47 1822 OO: SOs I 47°3 | 10 38:0 | 403 | 21 63 | 42 1823 618"1|/-28"9))) | 1 40:2 | 10 326") 33:9)|/ © | Gor) Go 1824 G'T8e*| 3a" || “x 43-8 | 10 SOron | 30°90) | 17 58 | 4r 1825 618 | 338] 1 496 | 10 391 | 408 | 21 69 | 48 1826 7-00) "| 30°59 || 11 40°9 | 10 34'0"|| 35:1 | 14 54 | 4o 1827 108 32:08! (2 43:3 | 10 35°4 | 36:9 | 14 63 49 1828 GsrBFt) 32-6") 72 47:0 | 10 36°7 | 38°38 | 13 69 | 56 1829 5:3o0) 27-0" || 13 393 | 9 3-0 | 32-4 | rob | 69 | 584 1830 618. | 34°5°| 2 47:2| 9 SF some 17 | 7 54 1831 G:r8n || 35a) 62 486 | 9 396 | 412 | 18 62 | 44 1832 7 COls) G2An|) iE 43'4 | 10 S4es0 || 30:7 9 60 | 51 1833 FiO) 2O:n lat 40:3 | 10 d30n|| 33°4" |? —6 64 | 70 183 618 | 31-0 | 12 45:4 | 10 35-7 37:4) | 1S 62 | 44 1835 7 268 | 1 3g'0 | 10 31’o | 32:3 | -g | 58 | 67 1836 7 CYS oie | 0 35:1 | 10 30'1 | 30°3 7 52 | 45 1837 7 28°38 | I ‘| 3g'1 | 10 StF || 3a:2 5 S604) 5x 1838 6:29 | 34:3 | 1°97 | 44:6 | 10°42 | 38:0 | 39:0 | 20 61 4 1839 6°35 | 306 444 | 9 35-5e| Soro 7 66 | 59 1840 6-1 326 |r 443 | 9 ODF Sol 14 7 56 1841 6:06) || 31-6") “2 443 | 10°30 | 35:9 | 37°3 | 12 O7. | 55 1842 6:63 | 371 2°03 | 511 | 10 4o'3 | 42°8 | 16 71 55 1843 6:72) 28°88 “o:o7@ | 37-8) (7 5:40" || 32:6) 33-1 8 49 | 41 1844 6:65 | 35:9 | 1:07 | 46-0 | 9:07 | 37-4 | 398 | 13 62 | 49 1845 6-98 | 32°2 | 1°98 | 503] gir, 37°0 | 39°38 | 18 70) 58 1846 7 31°7 | 1°92 | 48:4 | goo | 35:8 | 38°6 8 66 | 58 1847 7 266 | 1°97 | 416 | g:oo | 309 | 33:0 | 11 55 | 44 1848 7 277 | 1:98 | 42:0 | 9 38 | 33:8 7 61 54 1849 7 32-55) /2-014||"445 9 36:6 | 38:0 | 16 66 | 5o 1850 7 298 | 1°99 | 438] 9 33°21! 35:6); 8.) Gym, 53 1851 7 32°3 | 1°93 | 46°5 | 9:03 | 36°7 | 38°5 | 19 | 68 | 4g 1852 7 3a'r 198 | 42°99 | gor | 33°6 | 35°5 | 10 STAT, 1853 7 3) 8) | 466 | 10 37:2 | 3g°4r |) 12 |) GE Ao 1854 7 Shige) ja 42°1 | 10 34° 5r || 3O"2e|" 17 64 | 47 1855 7 3073%| 1 41'°4 | 10 38h 34:5: | 15 54 | 39 1856 7 19:30) I Soo 7. 316 | 30°8 3 46 | 43 1857 7 28°3) || 1 B08. |) 7 38°48 33:6 2 aye 55 1858 7 20200 398 | 7 34°8' | 34:3 | o 64 | 64 1859 7 34:1 | 12 46:7 | 10 4o'o | 40:3 | 10 58 | 48 1860 7 32°3 | 12 43°57 || 5 43°3 | 39°7 | 19 63 | 44 1861 7 Pom Aur 5 4o'9 | 38:2 8 69 | 61 1862 7 30°1 | 12 3975" 5 38:5 | 36:0 | 20 50 | 30 1863 7 26:45 2 35:4] 9 £015) ew 51 | 52 | 463 1864 7 Seon le 2 43:0 | 9 36°3 | 37°0 | 14 55) || 4 1865 65035" TIO" A759 9 391 | 40°6 | 17 62 45 Mean 45 years.) 6°69 | 310 1°32 | 43-2 | gor | 35:3 | 365 | -9 96) |) 785 Mean 87 years,| 6°69 | 30°8 | 1°29 | 43:2 | g'o2 | 34-7 | 36:2 | -9 76 | 85 206 Meteorology of New Haven. April. Year. Hour. |-Temp,| Hour. |-Temp | Hour. |'Temp.| Mean. | Min. | Max. Range. A. M. P M P. M. ey ITT wa ° ane) Oo ° ° Oo ° ° 1779 8 486 | 2 59°7 | 10 468°) 51°79) 24 | Somiei56 1780 8 428 | 2 53:2 | 10 g2°2 | 461 | 22 65 43 1781 8 44:0 | 2 54:0 | 10 43°3)| 47-7 | 21 66 | 45 1782 8 486 | 2 58:2 | 10 48:2 | 51-7 | 25 76) 4 51 1783 8 AVPEY | 9) 55°r | 10 45-1 | 48:2, |) 27 S40) 57 1784 793 | 396 | 2 49°2 | 10 39°2 | 42°7 | 20 70 50 1785 792 | 40°4 | 2 53°t | 10 43°9 | 45°8 | 25 82 | 57 1786 767 | 466] 2 54:5 | to 43°8 | 466 | 19 70 OF 1787 793 | 446] 2 56:6 | 10 46:1 | 49:1 | 23 84 | 61 1788 5°96 | 44:2 | 12 55:2 | 6:32 | 50:0 | 49:8 | 27 7m | 44 1789 5°96 | 40°4 | 12 546 | 6:32 | 48:8 | 47°99 | 31 76 | 45 1790 6 39°8 | 12 52:0 | 6 46:2 | 46:0 | 28 70 | 42 1791 6 42°4 | 12 58-7 | 6 5i-y | 50-7 | 31 74 | 43 1792 7 426 | 2 55°4 | 10 45:7 | 47°99 | 28 71 | 43 1793 7 Adcua) 72 57°8 | 10 A7i2m\. 49730 Fail 43 1794 7 424 | 2 57°4 | 10 46°4 | 48:7 | 25 78 | 53 1795 7 At-out 2 56°4 | 10 44:8 | 476 | 18 72 | 54 1796 6 438 | 1 oF af NG ST s7 Oka hor 78 | 46 1797 6 419] 1 556 | 6 49:3 ; 48:9 | 32 TP 43 1798 6 430} 1 5770 | 6 5o:2 | 5u'1 | 28 76 | 48 1799 6 Shr Mi 541 | 6 45:0 | 456 | 23 74 | 51 1800 53004) 42°35 2 56:2 | 9 49:31 49:3:|.30 | Fpl 47 1801 F-300n|) 402) 2 5770 | g 45:1 | 47:4.) 31 70 | 39 1802 5:30 | 4o'r | 150 | 58:9 | 9 45:5 | 478 | 26 aa AZ 1803 Joo | 444] 1 57:°9)| 7 49:2 | 5o'5 | 29 72 43 1804 5 oml sonal 587 | 9 44:3 | 47:2 | 21 79 | 58 1805 5:30 | 41°99] 1°50 | 62°3 | 10 466 | 50:3 | 34 | 83 | 4g 1806 Besley GRC NS Dskst |) 41:2) | 43°2 |, 19 | Gye 948 1807 530m Sg:a a) (2 54:0 | 10 44:2 | 45:8 |) 26 GRY 215) 1808 GS petoy |ecieay it 57°6 | 10 45:5 || 48:2 |) 23 7a OA 1809 530 ; 386 | 1 59'2 | 10 43:3 | 470 | 255] 75 |! 49 1810 5:30 | 41:2 | 1 64:4 | 10 45:7 | 50:4 | 28 79 Or 1811 5-300) 38:77 539 | 10 43:4 | 45:3 | 25 68 | 43 1812 5:30 | 390] 1 53-3 | 10 425 | 44:9 | 25 78m) 153 1813 530 | 40:7] © 55:0 | 10 45:3 | 47:0 | 26 68 | 42 1814 5:30 | 404] 2 55°4 | 10 SQTRN 472 32 75 | 43 1815 5-30 | 394] 1 52:2 | 10 43°3 | 45:0 |} 30 70 | 40 1816 5:30} 349} 1 52°4 | 10 SOi7a 42:3. | 25 Thao 1817 5:3oul 3773 or 53-5 | 10 42:6 | 44:5 | 23 76 | 53 1818 5:36) S3635a|) ir 47°7 | 10 39:2 | 411 | 28 62 | 34 1819 5:30) | 37:8 | 2 53:24] 10 42'°0 | 44:3 | 27 70 | 43 1820 5:30%)| 38:2) ia 53'9 | 10 43:7) 45° | 20 | SamiGe Mean 42 years,| 6:20 4rv1r | 1°40 | 556 g'09 | 45:2 | 47°3 | 18 84 | 66 Meteorology of New Haven. 207 April (continued) Vann Hous Temp. uae Temp. Hom Temp. | Mean. | Min. | Max. | Range. mt rie ° te) ° ° ° o 1821 5:30 | 341 2 5o'2 | 10 38:6 | 41:0 | 24 66 | 42 1822 F3ow|| Sou 62 53-7 | 10 43'7 | 45°5 | 24 75 | 5s 1823 5-30 | 40.0 | 2 56-0 | 10 43°8 | 46:6 | 24 75 Br 1824 5:30 | 39:7 | 2 55-6 | 10 44:4 | 46:6 | 28 29,4 44 1825 5-30. '| 38:95) 2 58-7 | 10 45-74 47'S \\ 20 73 | 48 1826 7700 | 36:0] I 49°8 | 10 408 | 42:2 | 17 61 44 1827 G-Jore| 42°5)| 2 57'0 | to 456 | 48°4 | 27 | 73£| 46! 1828 - 5:00 | 36:4} 3 53-71 9 435 | 44:5 | 26 mee 45) | 1829 5:00 | 39:3} 3 528 | 9 455 | 45:9 | 29 | 70 | 41 1830 52309") 40:78} 2 58:7 | 9 488 | 51:4 | 28 | 77 | 49 1831 5:30 | 44-7 | 2 555 | 9 480 | 494} 31 | 68 | 37 1832 7OOWs|| S77) I 495 | 10 409 | 42°7 | 18 gor, 52 1833 700 | 413] 1 59°5 | 10 48:4 | 49°7 | 27 77 | 5o 1834 53008) 4t-2a) 12 572110 | 46:4 | 48:3 | 27 75 | 48 1835 7700 | 396 | 1 50°4 | 10 | 42°97 | 44:2 | 22 71 49 1836 700 | 3912 | 1 51°t | 10 42°9 | 44:4 | 21 66 | 45 1837 6:520h}) S8e7a|) 12 530 | 9°90 | 44:3 | 45:3 | 28 65 | 37 1838 6:22 | 38:0 | 2 493 | 10°52 | 41-5 | 42:9 | 27 69 | 42 1839 5-674) 4G-S>) 1 58:3 | 9 47°9 | 48:9 | 23 | 72 | 49 1840 5:97 | 402] 1 56:9 | 9 47:0 | 48:0 | 21 For 54 1841 G:r3' | 3q°2)) (2°07) | (50°7"| To‘208| 42°") 44°2 |b 26 64 38 1842 6:00 | 42°7 | 2°00 | 58-6 | 10 A476 Go'Ay 22 | gg) 57 1843 7700 | 43°1 1:00 | 52:9 | 10 44:4 | 46°83 | 23 69 46 1844 6:06 | 46:0 | 1:20 | 64:2 | 9:03 | 51°4 | 53-9 | 20 85 65 1845 6:05 | 403 | 1°96 | 58-5 | 9:03 | 45-1 | 48:0 | 29 80 | 51 1846 6:20 | 398 | 1°98 | 59°9 | 9:02 | 47°7 | 491 | 24 | 84 | 60 1847 6 360 | 1°89 | 54°8 | 9°34 | 42°4 | 44:4 | 11 80 | 69 1848 6 38°8 | 1°97 | 55:6 | g:02 | 44:2 | 46:2 | 25 71 46 1849 6 37°38 | 2 52:4 | 8-93 | 42:2 | 44:1 | 23 66 | 43 1850 a S7pal at 491 | 10°00 | 37°7 | 41:5 | 22 66 | 44 1851 6 4o'2 | 1°98 | 53:9 | gor | 45:0 | 46:4 | 28 | 66 | 38 1852 6°78 | 38:7 | 185 | 501 | 992 | 41'°3 | 43°4 | 25 63 | 38 1853 7 419 | 1 58°F. |, 10 43:9 | 46:5 | 28 7o | 42 1854 7 406 | 1 50:8 | 10 43:0 | 44:8) 23 72 49 1855 7 40:3 | I 52-6 | 10 456 | 46:2 | 22 7904) 50 1856 7 44:7 | I 55°31 7 491 | 499 | 26 | 71 | 45 1857 7 SSO i 5o-5e) 7 44:0 | 44:5 | 17 62 45 1858 oh 404 | 12 54:3 | to 45:7 | 46°8 | 26 69 43 1859 7 37:6 | 12 52:3 | 10 4483 | 44-9 | 26 72 46 1860 7 4o'5 | 12 5orSy) 5 497 | 469 | 26 | 63 | 37 1861 7 43°6 | 12 5oere |) 5 52'7 | 4g'8 | 28 68 4o 1862 7 4o'g | 12 5reahly 5 SEO Aq Ow) 27 75 | 48 1863 7 4272 | 2 53:0 | 9 47:0 | 47°4 | 26 70 44 1864 7 407 | 2 54:9 | 9 403. | 47:0 | Jo | 65 | 35 1865 6 406 | 150 | 55-4 | 9 45:7 \-4722--|32 70 | 38 Mean 45 years,| 6:27 | 4o'1 1°43 | 54:1 | g:20 | 451 | 465} 11 85 74 Mean 87 years,) 6°24 | 406] 1°41 | 548 | g14 | 45:1 | 46:9] 11 85 74 208 Meteorology of New Haven. Year. Hour. | Temp A. M. fo) 1779 7 57°2 1780 7 55:8 1781 7 55-0 1782 7 D577, 1783 7 55:3 1784 6°94 | 53-0 1785 7 48:5 1786 y] 51°5 1787 7] 5orl 1788 5:85) ||) Orr 1789 5°89 | 48:3 1790 6 52°0 1791 6 bas 1792 7 53°8 1793 7 54°3 1794 6-76 | 54°4 1796 6 513 1797 6 493 1798 5-93 | 54:2 1799 5:93 | 492 1800 466 | 50°8 1801 6:93 | 56-7 1802 466 | 50-2 1803 7:00 | 481 1804 4:66 | 52:2 1805 466 | 48:3 1806 466 | 48°6 1807 466 | 47:5 1808 466 | 495 1809 466 | 51-7 1810 466 | 48°9 1811 466 | 47°5 1812 466 | 45:3 1813 4:66 | 47:8 1814 466 | 53-2 1815 466 | 448 1816 466 | 45:2 1817 4:66 | 45-2 1818 466 | 47:3 1819 466 | 48°6 1820 466 | 48°4 1 | Or ~] 3° OV fo} Rey Mean 41 years, RELSA SISBIS'o Sane AI nes AAA” AHS OH _ EG . | Mean. ° 61°4 60:0 58:3 59°9 59:0 57°4 54°5 56-9 56-1 58-4 55:4 59°2 61°4 593 60°9 60°1 57:2 56:5 Min. Max, | Range. ° ° 88 | 48 87502 824] 524 864] 48} 89 | 51 89 | 52 79 | 42 8204 4S 81 | 44 82) 45 79 | 41 77 | 42 87 | 48 Ol 7 89 | 56 86 | 55 CR | ss 73 | 4o 83 | 43 87 | 54 Fm ae 93 | 53 80 | 464 77 Ad 81 42 83 | 51 Somos 78 | 43 77, 39 79 | 39 go | 55 77 oa 71 | 39 73 36 81 43 85 50 79 | 49 72 36 76 4O 70 35 76 | 43 93 | 63 Meteorology of New Haven. 209 May (continued). Temp. eae Temp. open Tomp. | Mean. | Min. | Max. |Range. 68:1 | 10 56°7 | 58:6 | 37 82 | 45 62-9 | 10 SPAN N99); 32 S54 || 53 69:1 | 10 HSS 5773! ||| 32" | 195 43 65:8 | 10 54:1 | 58:0 | 33 79 | 46 - ° O° ° ° 1821 7700 | 53-2 2 64:5 | 10 5A 573 ||. 39 8 47 2 2 2 2 1826 700 | 571 I 72:8 | 10 614 | 63°8 | 38 | g2 | 54 1827 466 | 46:4 2 64:4 | 10 54:0 | 54:9 | 35 78 | 43 1828 4:00 | 50:4 3 675 | 9 54:4 | 57:4 | 4o 86 | 46 1829 400 | 51:2] 3 68-7 | 9 58:3 | 59:4 | 36 | 86 | 5o . 3 . . ° : ; 9 . I 6:75) } 56'G"|| | 2:03 | 65°@ |) 9°79% | 52°3 | 560%) (27 | 7g) 52 zoo | 500] 1 60°5 | 10:00 | 53:2 | 546} 36 | 7o | 34 500 | 510} 1 65°8. |. goo! | 55-0 | 570} 32 | 831) 51 or -_ w y Ne) eo) Ll fon os I 2) fe) fo) On Sy NI On | w co co SS eS ron) 6:05 | 496 | 220 | 61°8 | 10°00 | 54:4 | 55:3 | 33 76 | 43 6:00 | 49:9 | 2:00 | 68:6 | 10°00 | 54:9 | 57°8 | 36 | 87 | St 7oo | 523 | 1:00 | 595 | 10:00 | 50:0 | 539 | 33 6:37 4\| Si 2°25 | 645 | 9-93 | 51-9 | 561 | 29 600 | 499] 1°95) 701 | god | 549} 583] 35 | 94 | 59 6-00 | 52:9} 1:93 | 67°4 | goo | 57:2 | 592} 35 | 78 | 43 | 83 | 5o 85 | 56 7 53: I 63-9 | 10 54's |: 577au), 38 | 797) 40 1853 7 5FS } 3 66:2 | 10 54-7 | 58:2 | 38 | 82 | 44 1854 7 54S 1 66°3 | 10 56¢'| 593} 33 | 78) 45 1855 7 535 I 65:4 | 10 53-4 | 5974 | 33 | 81 48 1856 7 |532/ y | 6r2] 9 558 | 567 | 37 | 84 | 47 1857 7 4gt I 60°8 | 10 EGF DS toal) 37 81 44 1858 7 49°2 | 12 6orr | 10 53°d |e OAel 4 | 727 | 38 1859 7 ONS 64:8 | 10 56:0 | 57-4 | 36 | 85 | 49 1860 7 Sar || 52 65:2 | 5 62:7 | 60:2 | 38 77 39 1861 650 | 50:0 | 12 62:2 | 5 60:5 | 57°6 | 35 76 | 4t 1862 7 53-5 | 12 66:2 | 5 65:3 | 61-7 | 37 83 | 46 1863 7 59:9) ||| +2 66:7 | 9 590 | 60:5 | 37 | 893) 5ak 1864 7 540 | 12 66:0 | 10 54-8 | 58:3 | 37 | 89 | 52 1865 6 51-0 1:50 | 65:0 | 9 56:0 | 57°3 | 4o 86 | 46 Mean 45 years) 6:15 | 50-7 | 1-37 | 65:2 | g30 | 554|574| 27 | 94 | 67— Mean 86 years,| 5-92 | 51:2 | 1-46 | 65:5 | 9:24 | 55:2 | 573 | 27 | 94 | 67 27 210 June Year. Honk. Temp Hone Temp How Temp.| Mean.| Min. | Max. |Range. ; | anal fe) rei fe) (e) oO ° ° 1779 G] 67°1 | 2 78'8 | to 6671 | 70°6 | 50 944) 444 1780 7 63:2 | 2 75°8 | 10 62:71)) 67:24) 41 54 | 53 1781 7 63754) 72 743 | 10 619 | 66-4 | 49 | 884) 394 1782 7 66:5 | 2 78:0 | 10 65:5 | 70:0 | 52 | 968) 44% 1783 7 660} 2 78:5 | 10 65-5 | 70:0 | 50 93 | 43 1784 7 62°2 | 2 77°6 | 10 64:2 | 68:0 | 41 98 | 57 1785 7 63-9 | 2 78:3 | 10 66°3 | 69:5 | 41 95 | 54 1786 7 63:3m) 02 776 | 10 67:5 | 69°6 | 51 95 | 44 1787 7 59:74] 2 76:0 | 10 63-0 | 66:2 | 35 tots). || eas} 1788 6 63:3 | 12 744|\ 97 66:6 | 68:1 | 45 93 | 48 1789 6 62'2 | 12 76:4} 7 710 | 699 | 47 | 92 | 45 1790 6 63°8 | 12 78:2) 7 70°2 | 70:7 | 5o go | 4o 1791 6 61-4 | 12 ST) |G 68:5 | 68:5 | 48 88 | 4o 1792 7 60'5 | 2 74:2 | 10 62°9 | 65:9 | 43 | 98 | 55 1793 7 636 | 2 Gp || ito) 65:5 | 68°7 | 43 7m 4 1794 7 62°0 | 2 749 | 10 63-6 | 66°38 | 47 | 87 | 4o 1796 6 Gr3a| TOA 7 67°5 | 68:1 | 46 | 87 | 41 1797 6 58:94) ar 766 | 7 69:3 | 68:3 | 45 | 89 | 44 1798 6:07 | 63-4] 1 Gheko) || 69:0 | 70:4 | 48 88 | 4o 1799 607 | 621 | 1 788 | 7 696 | 70:2 | 45 | 94 | 49 1800 450 | 61:5 | 2 Tit 9 68:0 | 68:9 | 43 gI 48 1801 7-00 | 61-4 | + 761] 7 67°9 | 68:5 | 42 93 51 1802 450 | 617 | 2 750} 9 66:5 | 67°7 | 49 85 | 36 1803 6:67 | 62:9] 1 F704 7 71:0 | 70°6 | 48 | 98 | 50 1804 5:00 | 62:3] 2 770| 9 67°9 | 69:2 | 55 89 | 34 1805 4-50y1| 58:8) 1:50, ||| 79h) | 10 646 | 67:5 | 46 88 | 42 1806 4-50 | 60:2 | 1°50 | 78:4 | 10 65:5 | 68-0 | 4o 89 | 49 1807 450 | 56:3 | 2 75'6 | to 62°5 | 64:8 | 46 89 | 43 1808 450 | Gog; 2 76:7 | 10 65-4 ; 67: 48 88 | go 1809 4:50 | 588] 2 77°2 | 10 61:7 | 65:9 | 44 | go | 46 1810 450 | 60:0 | 1 79°0 | 10 64:7 | 67°99 | 46 | go | 44 1811 450 | 60:0 | 2 76:0 | 10 63:8 | 666 | 48 go 42 1812 450.5) 59:39) 2 72°3 | 10 62°9 | 64:8 | 49 82 | 33 1813 45o | 611] 2 73:0 | 10 66:3 | 66:8 | 47 87 | 4o 1814 450 | 586° | 2 72°9 | 10 63-6 | 65:0 | 46 79 | 33 1815 450 4| O759F| | 2 721 | 10 62°6 | 64:2 | 47 86 | 39 1816 450 | 53:8 | 2 68°4 | 10 58°8 | 60:3 | 35 88 | 53 1817 4-50)4|, 95:48|) 2 68:0 | 10 60°3 | 61:2 | 42 79 | 37 1818 4:50 | 599] 2 76-0 | 10 64:1 | 66-7 | 49 | gt | 42 1819 4:50 | 59:7 | 2 72°9 | 10 64:9 | 65:8 | 50 S77 or 1820 4504) 57:4al 2 756 | 10 630 | 65:3 | 46 gI 45 Mean 41 years,| 565 | 601 | 161 | 759 | 920 | 65:4 | 675 | 35 | 98 | 63 Meteorology of New Haven. Meteorology of New Haven. 211 June (continued). Year. ee Temp Hour Temp. Hour, Temp. | Mean. | Min. | Max. |Range ° ° te} fe) ° ° ° 1891 4:508 |/59'6))||- 2 74:7 | 10 63-0 | 65:8 | 47 85 Jo 1822 450 | 58-2 2 "4:4 | 10 63-0 | 65:2 | 46 86 4o 1823 450 || 58:3 | 2 76:2 | 10 63:1 | 65:9 | 42 88 | 46 1824 7-00 | 626} 2 728 | 9 62°5 | 660 | 44 85 | 41 1825 700 | 65:9 | 2 774 | 9 67:1 |) 70"1 | 50 93 | 43 1826 7:00 | 62°4| 1 75:5) |, 10 65°7 | 67°9 | 50 91 4I 1827 4508) | 0072) |), 2 73°8 | to 61°8 | 63:9 | 42 831) Art 1828 400 | 62:2 | 3 80:1 | 9 69:2 | 705 | 49 89 | 40 1829 4:00) | 59-7,|, 3 79-5 || 9 64:3 | 65:5 | 48 83 | 35 1830 4:50 || 58-7 |. 2 144| 9 65:3 | 66:1 | 49 86 | 37 1832 450 | 64:2 | 2 79:0 | 9 68:0 | 70°4 | 47 gt 44 1832 zoo | 60:0 | 1 71°2 | 10 60:0 | 63:7 | 44 86 | 42 1833 7700, 07:8) |, I 70°6 | 10 61°9 | 63:4 | 41 80 | 39 1834 AssGu oO gel 2 731 | 10 62°5 | 64:8 | 48 ‘shay. lly ey) 1835 700 | 62:2 | 1 i ea) NL Le) 62°4 | 65°4 | 47 81 34 1836 zoo | 580 | I 69°3 | 10 60'9 | 62°7 | 42 83 | 41 1837 GIS Poon 2 70°7 | 9°73 | 62°8 | 64-5 | 49 Saal 33 1838 6:03 | 64:1 | 1°79 | 76-1 | 10°38 | 66:4 | 68-9 | 50 | 89 | 39 1839 5-00 | 57°1 I'oo | 71:2 | 9°00 | 62-0 | 63-4 | 46 82 36 1840 5:o@ | 59:0] 1:00 | 75°4} 9:00 | 64:1 | 66:2 | 46 87, |, 4r 1841 6:00 | 65:0 | 2°07 | 77°4 | 10°12 | 68:0 | 7o'r | 50 g2 | 42 1842 5:86 | 58-9 | 2°07 | 72°3 | 10:04 | 62°60 | 64:6 | 45 82 SF, 1843 7-00 | 61-6 | 1-00 | 72°6 | 10°00 | 63-7 | 66:0 | 36 go | 54 1844 6-01 | 61-8 | 2-03 | 74:8 | 9:02 | 66:5 | 67-7 | 48 go 42 1845 6-00 | 59:3 | 2:03 | 791 | 9:08 | 649 | 678 | 43 |100 , 57 1846 6:00 | 597 | 2°04 | 75:1 | 9°07 | 636 | 661 | 47 83) 36 1847 617 | Go:2 | 1°78 | 76:3 | 10°29 | 63:3 | 66:6 | 47 g2 | 45 1848 6-00 | 61-4 | 2°03 | 75:8 | 9:06 | 65-1 | 67°4 | 46 93 47 1849 6-25 | 61-4] 1°72 | 76:0 | 981 | 65:6 | 67-7 | 50 954 451 1850 7 G30) 1 77°0 | 10°00 | 63-4 | 68:0 | 44 | 85 | 41 1851 7 6rmgs| I 74:3 | 10 61:3 | 65°83 | 45 85 | 4o 1852 7 Go8) I F3is |, KO 63°3 | 66:3 | 45 94 49 1853 7 63-2 | 1 751 | 10 63-9 | 67°4 | 44 94 | 5o 1854 7 62:3 | t 73-9 | 10 65-0 | 67-1 ) 42 | 87 | 45 1855 7 64:0 | I 71-7 || tO 61°8 | 65:8 | 49 93 | 44 1856 7 65:0) |" 1 746) | 7 70°4 | 7o.0 | 45 89 | 44 1857 5o-OoN | 6g'0 | 10 595 | 62°5 | 44 | 80 | 36 1858 7 63-4 | 12 74:2 | 10 656 | 67:7 | 44 gt 47 1859 7 59°4 | 12 71:3 | 10 61°8 | 64:2 | 37 go | 53 1860 7 62-5 | 12 7A:Oul) 2) 72°7 | 700 | 49 88 39 1861 6 Gre7 12) Gliay ||) 72°4 | 694 | 51 85 | 34 1862 7 61°4 | 12 72% ||| 5 71°6 | 68:4 | 47 89 | 42 1863 7 6o'"9 | 2 73:3 | 9 63-1 | 65-8 | 48 92 | 44 1864 6 64-2 | 180 | 78-2 | 9 68:2 | 70:2 | 41 102 | 61 1865 6 64:1 | 1°50 | 78-4] 9 68:4 | a°3 | 52 g21! got Mean 45 years,) 61t | 61-2 | 1°44 | 74:3 | 9:28 | 64:7 | 66°7 | 36 | 102 66 Mean 86 years,| 5°88 | 61:1 | 1°53 | 751 | 9:24 | 65" | 67-1 | 35 | 102 | 67 212 Meteorology of New Haven. July. Years. Hous Temp Hout: Temp. os Temp. | Mean. | Min. | Max. |Range. a. | ° ° ° ° ° ° 1778 7 696 | 2 82:8 | 10 JOT 7 4-a 50. | Ob mieAS 1780 7 7O\G)|) 42 84:3 | 10 727 | 75:9 | 58 | 96h) 384 1781 7 Git || 818 | 10 709 | 746 | 55 |100 | 45 1782 7 66:4 | 2 77°4 | 10 67:07" 70:3" 50" | “gomlimss 1783 7 67:4 | 2 792/10 66:6 }71-1 | 45 | gags 1784 7 66:5 | 2 799 | 10 68°8 71-7 | 52 | ga fo 1785 7 67:3 | 2 80:7 | 10 OP a || Ghee la|| SE 92 | 47 1786 7 65:9 | 2 81-5 | 10 69'5 | 72:3 | 52 ' 89%) 374 1787 7 64:3 | 2 78:9 | 10 66:6 | 69:9 | 47 87 | 4o 1788 6 68:2 | 12 80:9 | 7 737|743 | 54 94] 40 1789 6 67°1 | 12 83:34) 7, 735) 74:6 | 58 94 | 36 1790 6 63-0 | 2 80:5 | 9 69:1 | 70:9 | 53 93 | 40 1791 6 62°8 | 12 796 | 7 Spe) || Ghee |) ae! gt | 38 1792 a 65:3 | 2 78:6 | 10 67:8 | 70:6 | 52 g2 | 4o 1793 7 OS'5// G2 812 | 10 699 | 73:2 | 56 96 | 4o 1794 7 65:9 | 2 79:9 | 10 G77 le7i-an |) 92 93 | 41 1796 6 69°38 | 1 80-6 | 7 72:4 72910 98 gt 33 1797 6 O87 1 83:3 | 7 75:9 | 758 | 60 gon 35 1798 6:03 | 65:4] 1 81:2] 7 72:0 | 72 52 101 | 49 1799 6:03 | 66:9] 1 Span |e Gi] FATAL ||P Os 94 | 42 1800 466 | 65:8! 2 82:7 | 9 745 | 74:3 | 52 100 | 48 1801 7:00. ||| 68°76) I 78919 743 | 73:9 \1'52 ). Gye 1802 466 | 666! 2:50) 81:5] 9 70°8)/|93-0' | 152..| Gamal Aa 1803 6:00 | 68:3 | 1 83:8 | 7 94°G:|;75:°Gi\" 54 -| eee a7 1804 5:00 | 64:5 | 2 76:7| 9 rie nrfentesa | sey tets: || sis 1805 4:66 |163'5) | 2 83:7 | 10 q1°8\| 73°0 | 52 | igami AG 1806 466 | 61°4 | 2 80°8 | 10 68-1 | 7o:1 | 47 89 | 42 1807 466 | 65-7 | 2 81:0 | 10 703 | 72:3 | 53 85%) 32 1808 466 | 66:3 2 796 | 10 69-7 | 71:9 || 52 | qari 40 1809 466 | 60:0} 2 78°8 | 10 643 | 67-7 | 51 | 86 | 35 1810 4665) 61:5,) a 80°6 | 10 66:3 | 69:5 | 51 | 89 | 38 1811 466 | 65-4} 2 78:1 | 10 69:8 | 711 | 46 94 | 48 1812 466 | 607 | 2 758 | 10 65:9 | 675 | 48 | 86 | 38 1813 466 | 650) 2 78:0 | 10 696 | 709} 53 gl 38 1814 4:66 | 62:2 | 2 77:6 | 10 65:8 | 68:5 | 44 | 85 | 4 1815 466 | 65:8] 2 78:3 | 10 66;5)| 71-34 53 |) S8on eso 1816 466 | 57-4 | 2 74:3 | 10 63:3 | 65-0 | 46 | 82 | 36 1817 466 | 607 | 2 755 110 65-5 | 67:2 | 50 83 | 33 1818 466 | 64:9] 2 78-7 | 10 Ggiol|) 70:9") 35 | coaba7 1819 4:66, | (6391 |) 2 80-1 | 10 678 | 703) 48 | 92 | 44 1820 466 | 67:2 | 2 81-1 | 10 70:3, 72'9 |_ 03: i OomAG Mean 41 years,| 5-71 | 65:4 | 1°72 | 79:8 | 9:29 | 69:8 | 71:6 | 44 | 101 | 57 | Meteorology of New Haven. 218 July (continued). Year aon, Temp pia Temp. Hoey Temp. | Mean. | Min. | Max. |Range ° fe} oo ° fe} ° ° 1821 466 |597| 2 77at| TO 64°7 | 67:2 | 5x 87 36 1822 466 | 643! 2 79'7 | 10 68:6 | 70-9 | 4 85 36 1823 466 | 660) 1 80'8 | 10 68:3 | 71:7} 5 go | 35 1824 7 68:8 | 2 7871 9 68-1 | 71° 58 go | 32 1825 7 Fort) 2 847] 9 72°7 768 56 g6 | 4o 1826 7 G7rah 2 7951 9 Ggrah, 71:9) 52 | 88.) 36 1827 466 | 628} 2 77°0 | 10 672 | 69:0 | 54 86 32 1828 400 | 645 | 3 799| 9 70:3. | 716 | 58 | 90 | 32 1829 400 | 63:2 | 3 eR ee) 676 | 693 | 52 56 34 1836 466 | 67:3 | 2 80:8 | 9 7Qr7ah 72-9 |h SL 954) 44% 1831 466 | 65: 12 80:1 | 9 71:0 | 72°3 | 50 86 36 1832 7 66: I "7724 TO 66:1 | 69:9 | 48 go 42 1833 7 66:0 | 1 76:9 | 10 68:5 | 70-5 | 52 89 | 37 1834 7 67-9 | 1 78:4 | 10 Ghibhy || op ta | dao) go | 4o 1835 7 67:9) I 76:7 | 10 Go; ou ames! P52" | ie7a| 35 1836 7 67°2 || x 75:9 | 10 695 | 709 | 54 88 | 34 1837 6:10 | 633 77°0 | 10 65:7 | 68°7 || 54 84 30 1838 6-21 | 68:0 | 1°96 | 80:8 | 10°33.| 71-7] 735 | 59 | gf | 32 1839 5 65:3 | 3 804] 9 71 GO| 722) 56 | 88. | 32 1840 5 646] 1 815] 9 702 | 72°1 55 9! 36 1841 6 65:8 | 2:04 | 793 | 10:06 | 698 | 71:6 | 56 | 8 33 1842 6 69:0 | 2:03 | 78:2 | 10°02 | 711 | 728 | 56 | 89 | 33 1843 7 66:3 | 1-00 | 76:0 | 10:00 | 682 | 70:2 | 52 gI 39 1844 Gor .|66:3.| 1:95") 7777] |9'32'| O97 712) | 393 87 | 34 1845 6 644} 199 | 831 | 9:05) 7I°t | 72°99 | 48 | 98 | So 1846 6 66:3] 2:04. | 795.) g:02 | 705} 721 | 53 94 | 41 1847 6:27 | 676 | 181 | 845 | 10:21 | 705 | 74:2 | 56 93 37 1848 6-00 | 653 200 | 77-4] goo | 68:7! 705 | 56 85 29 1849 G12 | 658 | 1:85 | 795 | 9-44 | 693] 71:5 | 53 | 99 | 46 1850 700 | 696] 1:00 |; 78:8 | 10:00 | 695 | 726 | 54 | 88 | 34 1851 661 | 66:8 | 2:45 | 79:3 | 10°05 | 69°5 | 719 | 54 88 34 1852 7 68:5 | 1 77°6 | 10 69:9"|| 7250) || 53 | goy)|) 37 1853 7 66:0 | 1 73°2 | 70 66°8 | 68:7 | 53 82 29 1854 7 FIGOF | 1 80°8 | 10 7270 746 | 56 | 95 | 39 1855 7 FOO x 78:6 | 10 6g'5y! 748i} 93 | O4-| Ar 1856 7 69:2 | 1 gt | 7 748 | 744 | 56 | 92 | 36 1857 7 G774e) x 769 | 7 72°t | 72°t | 49 85 | 36 1858 7 64:0 | 12 76:7 | ro 68:8 | 69° | 49 | 90 | 41 1859 7 63-4 | 12 75°1 | 10 65-7 | 68:1 | 46 | 90 | 44 1860 7 66°4 | 12 70:0) |) 5 749 | 72:3 | 58 | 88 | 30 1861 iG 66:4 | 12 78:3 | 5 77°6 | 74:1 } 56 92 | 36 1862 | 9 66:7 | 12 78:4) 5 77:2 | 741 | 54 | 94 | 4o 1863 7 744 2 Foes O 748 | 746 | 60 | 8&8 | 28 1864 | 6 69:0 | 184 | 824} 9 73-1 | 746 | o3 gl 38 1865 | 6 67'5" | 1A0--| 785 -|—-9 69°55 | 71°8 | 51 | gtd] 40} Mean 45 years, 618 | 666] 1-41 | 788 | gig | 7o1 | 718| 46 | 99 | 53 Mean 86 years, 595 | 66:0} 1:56 | 793 | 9:24 | joo | 71-8 | 44 | 101 | 57 j 214 Meteorology of New Haven. August. Year. Hour. | Temp, | Hour. Temp. Hour. Temp. | Mean. | Min. | Max. |Range. A. M P. M. P. M. Oo (°) ° ° ° ° te} 1778 6 68°3 | 2 81°2 | 10 70° | 73:3 | 51 97 | 46 1780 7 TPO || 2 82:8 | 10 GPRM \A GPa) | S83 98 | 45 1781 7 69:0 | 2 81-r | 10 67:8 | 72°6 | 55 Commo 1782 ] 68:9 | 2 S11 | 10 69°4 | 73:1 | 50 92 | 42 1783 7 666 | 2 79°7 | 10 66:8 | 71:0 | 51 94 | 43 1784 6:76 | 656] 2 81-1 | 10 69°5 | 72°11 | 49 gt | -42 1785 6°81 | 649 | 2 79:0 | 10 67°6 | 70°5 | 51 94 | 43 1786 6:33 8|\102-3 4) 2 75°9 | 10 64:7 | 67°6 | 44 89 | 45 1787 6:50 | 63:3] 2 78-0 | to 66:5 | 69:3 | 50 Oly | eAr 1788 6 G5su|12 "977 || 7 Fill 722) 153 92 | 39 1789 6 67°2 | 12 Brean a7 72°8 | 73°7 | 54 95 | 4t 1790 6 66:2 | 12 808 | 7 72:0 | 730 | 52 95 | 43 1791 6 64:5 | 12 Fheyy |i ag) 718 | 715 | 52 89 | 37 1792 7 63-0 | 2 79:0 | 10 66:6 | 695 | 47 | 92 | 45 1793 7 6575) 2 80°3 | 10 684) 715 | 51 | 90 | 39 1794 7 65°8 | 2 79°6 | 10 6852007152) 1 50 94 | 42 1796 6 63-93) 2 73:9 | 7 Spicy IP eyAliesy | ii g2 | 41 1797 6 (Gae} 796 | 7 71:0 | 72°0 | 4g 87 | 38 1798 6 69'9 | I Sars aleis 76:4 | 76:2 | 54 96 | 42 1799 6 Go: || ar 81:3] 7 732 | 733 | 51 92 | 41 1800 5°16) | 63:6 |, 2 76:9 | 9 70°6 | 70°4 | 49 8 4o 1801 6:66 | 64:7 | 2 789 | 7 70°8 | 71°53 | 49 9 46 1802 3:16 67:0) || 2550) | 8r-5 9 70°8 | 73°1 | 55 ol 36 1803 6:00 | 65:4} 1 793 | 7 79°59 | 734) 49 | OR Aa 1804 5:00) |O4-514]) 2 76°7| 9 70'8 | 70°7 | 55 88 | 33 1805 6:00 | 69:2 | 1 81:6 | 6 78:2 | 76:3') 55 | igaaiige 1806 516 | 62:0} 2 77:0 | 10 67:0 | 68:7 | 50 84 | 34 1807 516i O4{6"]|| 2 79:3 | 10 69°4 | 711) 49 87 | 38 1808 Bs) || AAS 79°59. | 10 65:2 | 66:8 | 47 87 | 4o 1809 516 | 60°4 | 2 796 | 10 65°7 | 68°6 | 43 87 | 44 1810 pia || (its |) a 76'5 | 10 659 | 681 | 48 | 85 | 37 1811 5-16 | 61:6. 2 76:2 | 10 66:2 | 68:0 | 50 87 | 37 1812 51604) Ole ||) 2 75-0 | 10 65:3 | 67°3 | 47 8251) 35 1813 ey || (Oat | a 79°6 | 10 Tisai li2s2) || 55 874 32 1814 516 | 635 | 2 76'5 | 10 67°5 | 692 | 47 | 85 | 38 1815 Sige || Ouzt | & 72:3 | 10 65:1 | 66°3 | 5a 850, 33 1816 516 | 60° | 2 76:2 | 10 65:7 | 67°6 | go 86 | 46 1817 516 | 62:1] 2 76:1 | 10 66-3 | 68:2 | 46 | 85 | 39 1818 516 | 60:70 | 2 75°8 | 10 64:4 | 66-7 | 48 84 | 36 1819 516 | 629] 2 7757) | 1O 66°8 | 69'1 | 47 89 | 42 1820 5-16 | 617 | 2 745 |10 | 66:2 | 675 | 50 | go | 4o Mean 41 years, 5°88 | 645 | 165 | 78-7 gio | 69:2 | 708 | fo | 98 | 58 Meteorology of New Haven. 215 August (continued). Year. Hour Temp.| Hour. | Temp Hour. Temp.| Mean.| Min. | Max. |Range. A. M. P. M. P.M. ° ° ° °o ° ° ° 1821 5:16) | Ga°7' | 2 80'5 | 10 69°4 | 709 | 54 89 | 35 1822 5:10), | 5653), 2 977°2 | 10 64:8 | 66°8 | 50 Bor) ao 1823 516 | 63:6 | 2 79'7 | 10 65:8 | 69:7 | 48 89 | 41 1824 a 656 | 2 749 | 9 | 65:5 | 68:7 | 49 S077) 37 1825 7 6772 |] 2 7731 9 GSO) Fier | SL 92 | 41 1826 S100!) G5: || 2 75°0 | 10 6g'°0 | 697 | 55 | 82 | 27 1827 Sorrel Orn ||) 2 75:7 | 10 65°8 | 67°5 | 5o 93 | 43 1828 5:00 | 63:1 2°50 | 82:4 | 9 7-0) 72-3 || 52 91 39 1829 500 | 68:0 | 2°50 | 76:3] 9 Cars 6) || pice || lan 84 | 33 1830 SATOMI OA-Su a 2 785 || 9 67°6 | jor | 51 881) 373 1831 SIG) 67°e. || 2 S13" || 9 74 | 733) 50 | 89 | 39 1832 7 65°39 | 75°9 | 10 65°8 | 69:0 | 46 837 1) 37 1833 7 64:1 I 75'9 | 10 67:0 | 69:0 | 4o 88 | 48 1834 Zi 626 | 1 76:2 | 10 68-1 | 69:0 | 39 | 89 | 5o 1835 7 644 | I 74:2 | 10 66'1 | 68:2 | 43 87 | 44 1836 7 {G00 1 72°4 | 10 64:1 | 655 | 43 87 | 44 1837 630 | 62:8 | 2 75:1 | 10 64:9 | 676 | 48 go | 42 1838 590 | 66:8 | 1°90 | 78-6 | 10°50 | 68°6 | 71°3 | 57 go | 33 1839 5:10) G40") rod | 75:9) || 9 676 | 69:2 | 53 | 86°) 33 1840 S00 | 65:2 | 1°00 | 797] 9 70'0 | 71°6 | 54 88 | 34 1841 6:00 | 66:3 | 2°39 | 78:8 | 10 apes) |) Gp it |e) 85 | 30 1842 615 | 64:4.| 2°02 | 76:4 ]10 67°9 | 69:6 | 53 82 29 1843 7:00 | 67:1 | 1°00 | 74:8 | 10 68:55) 7o"1 |) 55 Sze 32 1844 Gor | 645 | 1°89 | 77°38] goo | 7o'1 | 70°8 | So 88 | 38 1845 6:00 | 66:2 | 2°00 | 82°3 | 9:05 | 71°9 | 73°5 | 53 89 | 36 1846 6°00 | 64°8 | 2°00 | 79:3] gio2 | 702 | 71°4 | 53 90 | 37 1847 6:22 | 63:9 | 1°93 | 786] 9°75 | 67°5 | 70:0 | 49 86 | 37 1848 6:00 | 63:2 | 2°00 | 79:0} 9 68-8 | 70:3 | 53 86 | 33 1849 600%} 63:9'|| 2°00).) 78:3) 9 69:2, | 70°5 | 55 | 83 | 28 1850 7700 | 65°7 | 1°00 | 748 | 10 65°7 | 68:7 | 50 83 | 33 1851 G'8g"| G3-77|) 2°761, | 74:7 | 10 66:1 | 68-2 | 53 83 | 30 1852 7 63°2y| 1 74:1 | 10 64:3 | 67:2 | 48 78 |; 30 1853 9 66°7| 1 75:2 | 10 67-3) 69:74|| 527 | 87m) 35 1854 7 65:37|. I 77:6 | 10 67°6 | 70:2 | 5o 96 | 46 1855 7 639 | 1 745 | 10 64:8 | 67°7 | 42 82 | 4o 1856 77 GA5ai) I G41 | 7 67°8 | 68:8 | 48 820) 34 1857 7 66:02 -1 Weg | 7 69:8; | 70:5. 55 88 | 33 1858 7) 60°6 | 12 73'9 | 10 65-6 | 66:7 | 4o 84 | 44 1859 7 62:2 | 12 75:4 | 10 65-1 | 67:6 | 5o 84 | 34 1860 7 66°8 | 12 76:0 | 5 Glare) || GP eats) 87 | 34 1861 6 64°7 | 12 75:9) | 5 J2Oe| Fidel) Ss g0 | 37 1862 oy 661 | 12 TQS 779 | 74:0 | 49 97 | 48 1863 q 69:8 | 2 805 | 9g 73°2 | 74°5 | 50 98 | 48 1864 650 | 67:0 | 1°79 | 79:0 | 9°50 | 69°7 | 71°99 | 50 | go | 40 1865 6 G34) 1:00 |)'76'5. | 9 67°6 | 692 | 43 88 | 45 |Mean 45 years,| 6°27 | 646 | 1°47 | 77:0 | 9°20 | 68:4 | 700 | 39 | 98 | 59 |Mean 86 years, 6:07 | 64:5 | 1°56 | 77:8} 915 | 68-8 | 70°4 | 39 | 98 | 59 216 Meteorology of New Haven. September. Year Hpk Temp Boy Temp. ok Temp. | Mean. | Min. | Maz. |Range. FNS Bl hes ° On || xO ° ° ° 1779 6742) 55:0)! 72 71°5 | 10 57°6 | 61°4 | 39 | 88 | 49 i780 7 HAna| le 74 | 10 57°70| Ore |) 39) || Somes 178 7 rey 2 71°8 | 10 58:3 | 62°5 | 44 84 | 4o 1782 7 60°5 | 2 74:5 | 10 61t | 65:4 | 44 92 | 48 1783 7 52:3 | 2 66:5 | 10 54:8 | 57-9 | 30 79 | 49 1784 i 57°99 | 2 7i°2 ||rO 58:1 | 62°4 | 34 S7aiieoS 1785 7 54:4 | 2 69:0 | 10 56:5 | 60:0 | 4o 82 | 42 1786 7 55:9") x2 71°5 | 10 59:4) | 62:3) || 39 84 | 49 1787 6-73 | 546] 2 69:0 | 10 57-1) | (6072) 36) |) (Shai e490 1788 6°65 | 58-6 | 12 71:2 | 6:28 | 65-2 | 65:0 | 39 go | 5: 1789 Het) |) Syrsh 02 71°8 | 6:29 | 64:9 | 647 | 40 82 | 42 1790 6°03 | 58:1 | 12 72°3 | 6:27 | 65:3 | 65:2 | 36 | 86 | 5o 1791 6:03 | 568 | 12 68:2 | 6:26 | 62:2 | 62:4 | 38 82 | 44 1792 i) 52-3) |) 2 67°9 | 10 56:3 | 58:8 | 35 84 | 49 1793 5 Sir) || 2} 72°4 | 10 60:4 | 63:5 | 37 88 | 51 1794 G 594 | 2 744 | 10 61-7 | 65:2 | 38 gl 53 1796 6 56:34 71 7o'1 | 6:70 | 64:3 | 63°6 | 42 83° |. 4r 1797 6 DaOnlies Wier | 6:70) || 63-3") 62:54) 136 "| (S82 1798 G17 agian 2 735 | 6:67 | 66:2 | 66:2 | 37 85 | 48 1799 6170) SU6y)) 1 694 | 667 | 63:9 | 640} 4t 89 | 48 1800 6 58°8 | 2 7OaEn | 07 6479 | 646 | 45 | 84 | 39 1801 6 61:0 | 2 oa) Ml) 67°7 | 681 | 38 go 52 1802 6 596 | 2 FEL "9 63:8 | 65:8 | Go 87 | 47 1803 6 546} 1 F207, 65:1 | 64:1 | Go 8374 43 1804 566 | 591 | 2 727 leg 64:9 | 056 | 34 88 | 54 1805 566 | 59:4] 150 | 75:2 | 10 | 645 | 664] 4o | 87 | 47 1806 SOG "57:99 2 73°6 | 10 62°3 | 646 , 38 85 | 47 1807 5-66 | 526] 2 719 | 10 579 | 60°8 | 43 Sr 4/38 1808 566 | 54:9] 2 Ren || 43) Goro) | (0227 aes 84 | 53 1809 566 | 498, 2 741 | 10 56:2 | 60°0 | 36 81 45 1810 5:66) /|56:0' || 1 73°4 | 10 60°3 | 63:2 | 4o 82 | 42 1811 5:601 56:59)" 2 71°3 | 10 60°7 | 62°8 | 4o 84 | 44 1812 566 | 52°0 | I 66'7 | 10 56:3 | 583 |} 34 79 | 45 1813 566 | 61:0} 1 720 | 1O 658 | 66°4 | 48 86 | 38 1814 5:6677/56:39" 1 68'1 | 10 60°3 | 61°6 | go 83 | 43 1815 §;66) a//103:9))|| pt 67'0 | 10 55a 150; 36 81 45 1816 560) DOr 2 65°4 | 10 56°8 | 576 | 28 80 | 52 1817 566) | 5613 | 2 70'3 | 10 610 | 62°5 | 4x 83 | 42 1818 5:66 | 52:0 | 2 68°8 | 10 56°7 | 592 | 36 80 | 44 1819 566 | 605 | 1 72°5 | 10 631 | 65°4 | 46 gi | 45 1820 5:66 | 569] 2 73°9 | 10 61-8 | 64-2 | 37 | 85 | 48 Mean 41 years,| 617 | 563 | 1°50 | 71°3 ~g04 | 611 | 62°9 | 28 “92 | 64_ nee nnn ee Ea ay nn nnn npn En RE nn Meteorology of New Haven. 217 September (continued). Year. a Temp yenr: Temp. ber Temp. | Mean. | Min, | Max. |Range. P (> ikea 2} ° | ° te} ie} ° 1821 5:66 | 54-0 2 73-0 | 10 61‘t | 62°7 | 4o 82 42 1822 5-66 | 58-1 2 713° 9 TO 62 64-9 | 36 | 85 | 49 1823 5:66 | 54:2 | 2 68:7 | 10 58:1 | 603 | 37 84 47 1824 7:00 | 598 2 696 | 9 60:1 | 63:2 | 34 84 50 1825 FOO mE g0:On|p 12 694 | 9 598 | 626 | 4o | 82 | 42 1826 566 | 58:5 2 68:5 | 10 616 | 62:9] 42 82 4o 1827 566) 0 57°2) |P (2 70°5 | to 61rr | 62:9 | 44 | 80 | 36 1828 5007 |: 96°3))|, 12:50 '}'72"0%|/-9 64:6 | 64:3 | 44 | 90 | 46 1829 500741) 52-30" 72:50) )|i7T- OF |e oO 59:3 | 60:9 | 31 | 86 | 55 1830 5:66 °0|)57-°Gel 12 70°4| 9 58°4 | 62°1 |) 34 | 78) 44 1831 7:00 | 596 I 68-9 | 10 62°7 | 63:7 | 38 83 | 45 1832 700 | 54:6 I 67°6 | 10 59°4 | 60:5 | 35 79 44 1833 700 | 568] 1 69:3 | 10 | 59:5 | 61-9 | 35 | 89 | 54 1834 7:00 | 56-9 I 67-9 | 10 605 | 61-8 | 27 80 53 1835 7-00 |) OSs Fal at 66:5 | 10 be gah 5S: fh 2 | 790) (47 1836 Book | I7 Sep 41 67:3 | 10 5g Gr |) 2 | 82. So 1837 Gren}. Sr'Gh ta O77 70 ao 54:9 | 58:1 | 35 | 84 | 49 1838 Foot 57 Ob er 67:3 | 10 6125) || (62*3 |) 35) ||| 78 41.43 1839 G00 ¥/5o-20 ir Fee |) (9) 60:9 | 62:4 | 4o | 82 | 42 1840 SiOOMEI2:Os FAI 68°9 | 9 57°99 | 59°9 | 36 | 80 | 44 1841 7:00 | 60°4 I 68-8 | 10 63:5 | 64:2 | 43 81 38 1842 7700 | 548] 1 66:9 | 10 5775 )959;8) | esl | FORT 48 1843 ZOO Be IG: te |) aI 68-3 | 10 61-3) 162°9 | 33) | 80>) 53 1844 Gira yh 5G?45 Peron 173-2) 9 62-7) (04711 38: || S591) 47 1845 6:00 | 54:5} 1:98 | 698 | 9:03 | 605] 616] 38 | 81 | 43 1846 6-00 | 596] 2:00 | 75:7 | go2 | 65:2 | 668 | 38 | 88 | 50 1847 6:00 | 56:2 2:00 | 68:8 | g:08 | 59:8 | 61:6 | 38 82 | 44 1848 6:24 | 54:5) 2:00 | 694 | 9:32 | 60:5 | 61:5 | 36 | 83 | 47 1849 6-00 *+|.53*7 | 1°97'|\69°9°| 9:12 | 59-7 | Gtr | 44 | 86 | 42 1850 700 | 574] 1:00 | 694 | 10°00 | 58:5 | 61°8 | 4o | 79 | 39 1851 6°56 | 56:3 | 2:79 | 72°4| 982 | 61-8 | 63:5 | 31 88 | 57 1852 7 56:4 67:0 | 10 595 | 61:0 | 39 | 79 | 40 1853 7 58:8 I 68:1 | 10 60:4 | 62°4 | 35 82 47 1854 7 59:0] I 68-0 | 10 604 | 625} 4o | 85 | 45 1855 7 568 I 69°4 | 10 60:5 | 62°2 | 39 85 | 46 1856 7 58:5 I 7orl 7 638 | 64:1 37 81 | 44 1857 7) 57° 2) I 671] 7 61-5 || 6rg |} 35 82 | 47 1858 7 |. 54:3 | 12 67°3 | 10 59:8 | 605 | 32 | 82 | 5o 1859 7 Ararat. 65:9 | 10 56:3 | 58:9 | 36 | 74 | 38 1860 7 576 | 12 66:1 5 64:7 | 62°38 | 35 82 47 1861 6 5S:On ler 2 7O;Onl= 5 69:2 | 65:9 | 44 | 80 | 36 1862 7 60°7 | 12 Fi Ones 69:5 | 67°1 | 37 FON || we) 1863 7 56:9 2 675 | 9 60:3 | 61°6 | 37 82 | 45 1864 6 54:6 | 1:50 | 68-4 | 9 591 | 60:7 | 40 | 79 | 39 1865 6 GOD |.) 1-50) |)-73'4. |G 648 | 66:2 | 39 | 87 | 48 Mean 45 years,| 646 | 56:6 1°37 | 69:4 | g19 | 60:9 | 62:3 | 27 go | 63 Mean 86 years,| 6:32 | 56°4 | 1°43 | 703] g11 | 61:0 | 626 | 27 | g2 | 65 218 Meteorology of New Haven. October. Year. pier, Temp Hoar, Temp. Hue, Temp. | Mean.| Min. | Max. |Range. ° ° (eo) °o ° ° ° 1778 7 48:9 | 2 63:6 | ro 50:3) 54:35) 30° |) Siramior 1780 7 AG Pap || 4) 62°6 | 10 A959 53:30 S30 || 7 iaEao 1781 7 40'9 | 2 62:1 | 10 49:7) 92:9) |= 30. | Fa7aeeAg 1782 7 ADP ||! 0) 56-1 | £0 M7.\ 47:8.) 26 7 | Frae4D 1783 7 42°38 | 2 56:4 | 10 45:4 | 48:2 | 30 | 7o | 4o | | 1784 7 ASO NN 2) Wi 57-28lTo 46:6>| 4g: 9 27 | FaRNeAg 1785 7 45-1 | 2 | 59:7 | 10 | 48:4 | 51: | 25 | 75 | 50 1786 7 46:9 | 2 | 62:6 | 10 51-2 | 53:6 | 25 | 80 | 55 1787 7 AO 7ale 2 55:3 | 10 441 | 46:7 | 22 | 70 | 48 1788 6:03 | 461 | 12 58-5 | 6 53-2 | 52-6 | 22 | 73 | Sr 1789 6:03 | 41-9 | 12 53-4 | 6 49:2 | 48:2 | 26 | 66 | 4o 1790 7 46°60 | 12 60:3 | 6 53:8). 53°6, |: 28" || Gamage 1791 7 43-2 | 12 56:3 | 6 507 | 50:1 | 28 | 76 | 48 1792 7 ATOR 2 62:1 | 10 50:25) 53°12 27 | SaaS, 1793 7 43°4 | 2 60°4 | 10 Ajai a 00;3) || 20 ener 56 1794 7 426 | 2 58-9 | 10 46:2: |49°2 |\-97 || Faas 1796 6:50 | 465] 1 58:3 4 6:03 «| 53:3) 52°8i.13,33 |) Fee 1797 650m PATO |i or 97:3'|| 6:03) 3|| 50;01) 49:7, || 28: || 7omleAg 1798 Gi6on| ATION 62:2 | 6 55:6) 55:2-) 23 | 7x 48 1799 660 | 456] 1 59-7, 6 5316 | 53:0: |) 27 9) "SAMA 1800 6:25 | 45:5] 2 590 | 9 54:1 | 52-9 | 32 | 69 | 37 1801 7:00 a Aang. 2 60:9 | 7 55:0. | 53-9 |- 23) |) 7a 1802 7:00 | SOO | 1 643 | 7 55-4 | 566 | 28 | 76 | 48 1803 700 | 486} 1 62:3] 7 57:3 | 56:1 | 32 | 76 | 44 1804 6:25 | 463] 2 58:2 | 9 49°9 \51°5-1\35 | gaat 1805 6:25 | 426] 1 600 | 10 46:4 | 497 | 28 | 78 | 50 1806 6:25 | 43:4] 1 64:2 | 10 | 476 | 51-7] 29 | 78 | 49 1807 6254 40e7 9), 62°8 | 10 495 | 53-0 | 26 | 76 | 50 1808 6:25 | 449] 1 60:5 | 10 47:8 | 51-1 | 22 | 78 41 56 1809 6:25) 92305] a 691 | 10 | 55:0 | 589! 29 |; 83 | 54 1810 625 | 41-4] 1 60°5 | 10 45:7 | 492 | 21 | 80 | 59 1801 6:25 | 51-3] 1 62°7 | 10 54:5 | 56:2 | 28 | 80 | 52 1812 625 | 447] 1 59:0 | 10 4g | 50:9 | 28 | 73 | 45 1813 6:25 | 47:3 | 13 541 | 10 495 | 503 | 27 | 66 | 39 1814 6:25 | 43-7] 1 60:3 | 10 47:0 | 50:3 | 28 |} 73 | 45 1815 65 9)|4278\ 57:7 | 10 466 | 49.0 | 26 | 78 | 52 1816 6:25 | 450] 1 597 | 10 490 | 51:2 | 28 | 69 | 41 1817 6:05 | 4-1] 1 56:9 | 10 44:1 | 47:1 26 | 69 | 43 1818 6:25 | 41-4 | 1 58:8 | 10 4771 | 4g1 | 28 | 69 | 1 1819 625 | 42:9] 1 57:9 | 10 47721 49°3 |: 26 || 7ameleon 1820 6:25 | 44:9 | 1 57°3 | 10 47:1 | 498 | 25°} For yeas Mean 41 years, 6-58 | 45:1 | 1°27 | 59:7 | 8-95 | 49:7 | 51-5 | 21 | 83 | 62 Meteorology of New Haven. October (continued). Hour. Hour. : Year. Roux Temp.| 5. M. Temp a a Temp. | Mean. | Min, | Max re) ° te} ° fe} °o 1821 G:25iei Asta) 2 58:0 | 10 48:2 | 50:0 | 28 74 1822 6:25 | 46:2 | 1 6072 | 10 SHOW Raz) 26 76 1823 6:25 | 41°6 | 12 571 | 10 47°4 | 48-7 | 26 76 1824 7:00 | 446) I 59:7 | 10 49:7 | 51:3 | 20 74 1825 700 | 46:9 | 1 64:0 | 10 S2eSml O44 25 Bo 1826 6:25 47-20 Tt 59°7 | 10 509 | 52:6 | 26 73 1827 6725 | 51:6) 2 60°9 | 10 54°8 | 55:8 | 29 75 1828 550M A2N, 2:00 O70) 19 49°9 | 50:0 | 22 72 1829 6:25 | 41:3 | 2 56:3 | 9 47°5 | 48:4 | 23 67 1830 G:258 i 45:35), 2 62:0 | 9 SIRT 2:85 \— 29) I) 772 1831 7. ADiOny I 59°4 | 10 530 | 52°8 | 30 | 69 | 1832 7 46:4 | 1 561 | 10 48:4 | 50°3 | 25 66 | 1833 7 44:4 | 1 55:3 | 10 47°7 | 4g: | 20 69 1834 7 42'2 I 55:4 | 10 , 463 | 48:0 | 24 95 1835 7 46°4 | 1 S92 KO. 4 Zorg S165 28) || 66 1836 7 S7iAe I 51°2 | 10 430 | 43°99 | 19 | 70 1837 Gabey43:'Gai, 2 56:7 | 9°89 | 48:6 | 49°6 | 25 73 1838 7 429 | 1 54:4 | 10 45:0 | 47°4 | 21 Gh! 1839 6 45:2 I 61:0 | 9 50:5 | 52:2 | 26 72 1840 6 46-2 | I 58:5 | 9 50:25 51-6038 72 1841 6:08 | 407 | 2°03 | 56:2 | 10 44:9 | 47:3 | 29 68 1842 7 42°55 | 1:00 | 57-8 | to 46°8 | 49:0 | 29 | 68 1843 7 42°9 | 1:00 | 54°5 | 10 46:0 | 47°8 | 27 72 1844 6:14 | 461 1-739) 08:Aae 9 496 | 51-4 | 30 72 1845 GoSm 45-5n | 1: QOL Ore Iai 9,025) Stroll) 52-5921 79 1846 7 43:3 | 1°96 | 58°7 | go | 50°7 | 50:9 | 24 76 1847 7 41:7 | 1°98 | 57°5 | 9:06 | 46:0 | 48:4 | 20 67 1848 6-90 | 47:3 | 2°29 | 56:2 | 8-86 | 488 | 508 | 3r 71 1849 7 45:8 | 2 57-2 | 8:88 | 49:4 | 50°38 | 34 | 66 1850 7 4770 | 1 56:3 | 10 48°9 507) 025 66 1851 G56, 47:6"), 2:19m) 6165s) 9:82%) 52:8) 54:08 )/F30 F5 1852 7 48:4 | 1 D727) 1O Src5n 52:50) 30 69 1853 7 44:2). 1 56:9 | 10 46:5 | 49:2 | 27 66 1854 7 48:4 | 1 60:4 | 10 51-1 | 53:3) 20 72 1855 7 47:6) 1 56:8 | 10 4878) | 5121) |) 31 71 1856 7 Asal OO: Tala DEH Olson P20 || 74 1857 7 Aqoew 1 58-7 7; DICGeh 52477 1 30 70 1858 7 45:5 | 12 60°4 | to 52°6 | 52°8 | 96 83 1859 6 42-9 | 12 53 5 51-9 | 496 | 29 | 69 1860 7 48°8 | 12 5a-Ae a 5 SOIOM OAs ead 70 1861 6 oo) || 61 5 60:4 | 57°8 | 26 78 1862 | 7 5o:4 | 12 Gores |) STOR lO Os ie 2 On 1863 b 48:0 | 2 599 | 9 O2:dme0o:4 W209 75 1864 6:50: «|. 44°6.)) 153+} 58-3 | 9 49°32: 5077)" 30. »|--73 1865 7 4378) || 150) || 5679) ||| 9 47°09 | 492 | 26 80 Mean 45 years,| 6°66 | 45:3 | 1:24 | 581 | gio| 500| 511 | 19 | 83 | 64 Mean 86 years.| 6°62 | 45:2 | 1°26 | 58:9 | 9:03 | 49:9 | 51:3 | 19 | 83 —— 220 Meteorology of New Haven. November. Year Bone Temp. How Temp. Bou Temp.| Mean. | Min. | Max. |Range. hal Pd io) | ° | (e) Oo (eo) 3 (e) ° 1778 a] S19) |) 2 42°6 | 10 34:9 | 36°4 | 13 5B AS 1780 7 34:3) 2 44:0 | 10 36:3 | 38:2 | 20 52s? 1781 7, 3370") 2 43-9 | 10 36:0 | 376 | a1 63 42 1782 7 33:5 i/o 44:0 | 10 3674 ||| 38:08) 16° | 255 Nieis9 1783 i S22 420 | 10 34:3 | 36:2 | 10 | 64 | 54 1784 7 386 | 2 502 | 10 414 | 43°4 | 26 60 | 34 1785 7 S5;00\) 9 46°9 | 10 38:5 | 40°3 | 19 61 42 1786 7 SA 9 42°4 | 10 SAF \30;2 2 62 | 60 1787 a 36:0 )|/59 506 | to 41-2 | 42:6 | 17 63:1) 46 1788 77 42°8 | 12 51:4 | 5:57 | 47:9'| 47°4)| 20 74 | 54 1789 7 38°9 | 12 AS; \* 5:57 | A448") 44:0 922 60 38 1790 7 36:8 | 12 46:2 | 5 4252) Ai-7 eon 63 42 1791 7 356 | 12 46:3 | 5 42°3 | 41-4 | 20 62 | 42 1792 7 35:0) 2 46°9 | 10 39°4 | 40°6 | 16 63 | 47 1793 7 35'8 | 2 47'1 | 10 | 39'1 | 40°7 | 20 66 | 46 1794 7 sate || 46°9 | 10 JOA 3900 aro FOIA 9) 1796 a 36:5) 2 | 44°8 | 5:33 | 41:0 | 40°4 | 18 ais 2) 1797 7 SIRO Ml a Ar3 | 5:33 | 36:9°| 36:7 |:14 | 1GB Nos 1798 15 2725 5 Ar-7 || 5:59) || 36:6) || 36:85) a1 56 | 44 1799 7 3533) 1 48-5 | 552 | 42:0 | 41-9 | 18 64 | 46 1800 6:83 | 32:6 | 2 44:1 | 9 3820) 38saueT0 61 45 180) G:83! 9) 36°59) 2:50 48:7) © 38°38 | 41:3 | 14 69 | 55 1802 OSs Mom 1 504 | 9 4o:3 | 42:1 | 23 65: 4|\42 1803 7oo | 33-2} 1 45:1 | 6:38 | 40-9 | 39-7 | 20 | 6t | 41 1804 6:83 | 378] 1 488 | 9g 41:4 | 42°7 | 24 65 | 41 1805 6:88 1) 303 x 50°7 | 10 38°9 | 42°0 | 24 7A) 50 1806 (oa CLO OE 50'0 | to 38:9 | 41°8 | 24 | 62 | 38 1807 6:83 | 32°7 | 1 46:5 | 10 36:0 | 38:4 | 18 59) 4r 1808 6:83 W372) 1 508 | 10 4o:2 | 42:7 | 18 68 50 1809 6:83) | 319) 1 45:7 | 10 33:9 |. 37°2|10) {GOMOD 1810 6:88 (3497.1) 4 | 45°7 | 10 366 | 39:0 | 14 | 59 | 45 1811 6:83) |) 3627) 1 48°2 | 10 So): || Abies) |) IG G2 745 1812 G:Somesowale I 46:7 | 10 36:99 39;6! | 820 68 48 1813 6:83) | 37:5" 1 AT 2a row NeGiz88| 42-2893 67 | 44 1814 6:83 43537 1) 45:6 | to | 39:7 | 40°3 | 20 60 | 4o 1815 6785) 4\"37i08l 1 472110, | 3916") 41-3 | 18 iGo aia 1816 | 36:88) 5 |P30;08 a 48:9 |10 | 419 | 43°3 | 22 (ieyeel| 2 Gi 1817 6:83 | 366] 1 | 48:3 | 10 | 39:7 | 41°5 | 18 66 48 1818 6:68 5 |S8e7al) a | 48-9 | 10 | 4r-t | 42°9 | 27 63 36 1819 16:83 oes 7eGelp 48-6 | fo 408 | 42-4 | 16 | 66 | 5o 1820 | 683 | 3r5| 1 43:3 }10. | 341 | 36-3 |15 \ebpalhae Mean 41 years, 6-92 | 35:4 | 1:26 | 467 | 891 | 391 | 40°4 2 74 72 | | | 2 i ak I { | Meteorology of New Haven. 221 November (continued). Year. Hour Temp. pth Temp. nen |Temp.| Mean.| Min. | Max. |Range. ° (eo) (eo) fe) fe} fo) (e) 1821 683 | 366! 2 45°4 | 10 37°77 | 3979 |" 22 68 46 1822 6:83 | 398] 1 506 | 10 42°3 | 44:2 | 20 64 | 44 1823 6:83 | 32:0 I 42:6 | 10 | 34:4 | 36:3 | 16 58 42 1824 7 36-2 I 46°7 | 10 | 39:2 | 40'7 | 18 61 43 1825 7 SG4ul 71 46:0 | 10 \S8Gr0) ||| 4ors |) 04 Hor oT 1826 6:83 | 36:0 | 2 47°6 | 10 39:2 | 4o° 20 61 4t 1827 6:83 | 32:2 | 2 41'7 | 10 34:7 | 3672: || 16 60 | 44 1828 6:00 | 37:3 | 2 Ags: |. © 4o77))\ 43-1 |) 18 67 | 49 1829 6°83 | 36-9 | 2 46°3 | 9 396 | 4fo9| 19 | 62 | 43 1830 6:83 | 44:5 | 2 538 | 9 465 | 48:3 | 25 66 | 41 1831 7 S&:74| “I 46:2 | 10 S837)1|| 4030) |) 22 oo) | 33 1832 7) 36:9 | 1 47°7 | 10 Ion | 4122) |) 14 63 | 49 1833 7 Siey, i 44:7 | 10 SO;on Sard ||P 14 64 50 1834 7 34:0) 91 43°9 | 10 38-9 | 38:9 | 20 56 | 36 1835 7) 36fox| I 45°6 | to 39:2 | 4o3 9 64 | 55 1836 a 3018) I 42°5 | 10 Soro || esO;3) | be 60 | 48 1837 6:98. | 33:5 | 12 43°2 | 10 35;50i| 3774 3 65 | 62 1838 700 | 304] 1 41'7 | 10 aei40}. |lP staves! 4 62 58 1839 670 | 32-7 | 1 ASans| g © | 35:9) ||| 37-9 15 64 | 49 1840 6:47.) 3674 | “x 455 | 9 39'0 | 403 | 24 57m | 33 1841 6:20 | 345 | 2 45'9 | 10:07 | 37°3 | 39:2 | 20 658) 45 1842 700) ||| Sit-3 1 43:1 | 10 35785} 36:7 | 14 61 47 1843 700 | 318 | 1 42"1 | 10 3464 36:2 | 15) 64 | 49 1844 6:83 | 34-4 | 1°89 | 47:2 | 9:04 | 39:0 | 4o-2 | 16 60 | 44 1845 G'g7 | 38e7)|. 1:939-4|/5x6! | g'00:,.42°w | A4er | 12 67 56 1846 o/ Aiey| P97 | 5075) | gaot) 443) | 45:5: | 20 68 | 48 1847 7 4o'l 198 | 52:0 | gor | 42°3 | 44°8 6 Oi 65 1848 7 31-0 | 2°07 | 45:0 | g:02 | 34-7 | 36 13 5 46 1849 7 Gut 1799 | 53 g:00 | 44:5 | 46:5 | 24 6 41 1850 7 38°3 | 2°05 | 50° | g05 | 41°0 | 43°4 | 20 64 | 44 1851 6°94 | 33:4 | 2:10 | 44°7 | 9:73 | 37:4 | 38:5 | 19 59 | 4o 1852 7 S7r0a|| sr 44:0 | 10 4o:0 | 40:5 | 24 DOM 30 1853 oi 396 I 48°7 | 10 4i:r | 43:1 | 18 66 | 48 1854 7 S7Ou or 46°8 | 10 4o'9 | 41:9 | 22 67 | 45 1855 | 38°7 I 468 | 10 41°5 | 42:3 | 21 60 39 1856 7 34:8 I 48:°4| 7 Arter 41:6 \— 19 64 | 45 1857 764 | 38:0 | 1:64 | 48°8 | 7:69 | 41:9 | 42°9 | 13 69 56 1858 7 31°5 | 12 42:6 | 10 37:2 | 37:1 | 14 62 48 1859 7 38-2 | 12 AGS) || 2) 45:2 | 43:6 | 25 64 | 39 1860 7 4o'o | 12 48'0 | 5 459 | 446 | 16 71 55 1861 7 S5e7/ i) 12. 448) 5 441 | 41:5 | 24 63 39 1862 7] 39:0 | 2 4781 9 43°4 | 43°4 | 20 64 | 44 1863 7 59:0 | 2 Jo) WS) 44-9 | 448 | 23 64 | 4t 1864 U 8619. | 53 4|| 47:8.) <9 406 | 418 | 18 | 69 | 51 Mean 44 years,| 6°92 | 36:2 | 134 | 46-7 g20 | 397 | 408 2) ih Ge) tsi | Mean 85 years,| 6:92 | 35-8 | 1°30 | 46:7 | 9:05 39:4 | 406 2 74 72 2 Year. 1778 i780 1781 , 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 i810 181t 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 181g 1820 Mean 41 years, December, pe Temp. at Temp. | ee Temp. | Mean. | Min. | Max. |Range. ang ° hoy ° fo) fo) fo) ° ° 7 Spay | 13 Boy |) 19) 27°92 | 28°7 | -4 S|) 20) 7 ago | 2 38°1 | 10 3020132745196 50 | 44 7 27:2 | 2 37:4 | 10 30:3 | 316 8 5o | 42 7 28:6 | 2 36:2 | 10 28-6 | 31:1 | 9 | 59 | 50 7 25-0m|) 2 358 | to 28:1 | 298 | 6 | 57 | 5t 7 a41 | 2 36:5 | 10 27°0 | 29'2 | -2 ay | OS 7 BG:gm| (2 37:1 | 10 29:9 | 313 | 5 Son OF 7 200 | 2 32°6 | 10 25°38 | 26:1 | -7 46 | 53 7 26:5 | 2 38-2 | 10 29°3 | 31°3 | 12 558) 43 7 24:3 | 2 36:3 | 10 2-2 | 296 | -6 | 54 | 60 7°45 | 31-7 | 12 402 | 5:19 | 368 | 36:2 | 16 | 54 | 38 yoo | 1779 | 2 29°2 | to 20°8 | 226 | -8 | 45 | 53 7750. | 26-9 | 12 371 | 5 31°77" 319 |° 8 | Agay at 7 24:2 | 2 35-0 | 10 27:3 | 283] 9 | 47 | 38 7 2G 2 36:5 | 10 agio!|. 306 |' 3 | Soe 47 7 Sarat 12 44°5 | 10 36'9:|. 38% |718 | Bowes 7 205 | 1 30-5] 5 27°7 | 266 | -6 | 49 | 59 7 206 | I 30:51) 15 26161 25:0) 5 1 51 2 i KQSal oe 298 | 5 24:9 | 24-77 | -3 | 49 2 7 20;09)|) #2 36:1) 5 31:2} 313.12 9 | 4au 36 7 305) 2 39°7)| 5-679! 35:4) 35°2°17 8 | Gees 7 29°77 | 2 436 | 9 32't | 35° | to | 57 | 47 7 28-1 | 12 37°9 273) |) SLT 1} Sova Ss 7 34:1 I 416 2 S77 37205 e 13 60 | 47 7°30 | 246) 1 336 | 10 Boru |) Skee | can 54 | 55 7EOOM | SOLD aI UE 475 | 10 36:2 | 396 | 20 61 4t 7°30) || 26:5 |) 1 38°8 | 10 Pap) GUE «Gy Foeeie 45 7-30) 33-Onl) BL 45:3 | 10 34:2 | 37:5 | 20 56.7! 34 a3Oun|) Soria! ez 4o'4 | 10 32:0 | 34:3 7 57 5o 7 30lgi| Ol I 44:4 | 10 34:1 | 36°7 4 68 64 7730 9 26-50) 2 38°9 | 10 29°01 315 |"10 | Ageing 7.30 25:0, aT 37°0 | 10 29%6)|.30'°3 |" o || Sarita 7,30 ©), 265 i 36°3 | 10 ago | 306 | 9g | 52 | 43 730 el) 26:00) 34°6 | ro 286 | 30.0 | ir 48 | 37 FiO Mi 2orOn|y gL 33°9 | 10 26771 28:2 |" 6 | 4guieae 7°30 | 248 | £ 34:3 | 10 27°4 | 28°8 | 10 5o | 4o Ge aOMN 2550 n | aL 36°4 | 10 30:0 | 306 | 16 56 | 46 7330) 26:30) 1 356 | 10 294/306 |": 3. |. Saami 730 | 196} I 32°6 | 10 DAT 20:0 oO Aqia® Az, 7:30) |) 26cr Ue 36°0 | To 2927 |'30'4 |" 8 || Saag _7:30 Yea) || ie _ | 32°38) to 26°8 | 28-0 7 45 | 38 715 | 264 | 134 | 37:0] goo | 295 | 310] -8 | 68 | 76 | Meteorology of New Haven. — Meteorology of New Haven. 223 December (continued). Year. yee” Temp. Mugs Temp. oe Temp. | Mean. | Min. | Max. |Range. ° 2 | ° ° ° ° ° 1821 730 | 242 | 2 33-1 | To 27'9 | 28°4 4 46 42 1822 FiaOnl| 20:00)" ¥ 35-9 | 10 28:8 | 309] 6 O39 57 1823 7:30 | 293 | 1 38:0 | 10 3%34) Jao || 6 52 | 46 1824 7 SorONl or 403 | 10 33-9 | 35:9 | 14 54 40 1825 7 20: 90// Fr fa }7/01| fa) Ko) 28:5 | 30°0 |-10 50 60 1826 730 ||| 29°% 2 36°7 | 10 30°5 | 31°4 2 55 53 1827 FsOy POEs) | 2 39:0 | 10 a) || Bye) 8 Sor It Ay, 1828 G00, | 31-7) | 2 42:2 | 9 S47 9012 |) oT 60 | 5g 1829 6:00 | 34°77] 2 43-7 | 9 37°3 | 38°6'| 12 | 61 | 49 1830 730 | 31°73 | 12 398} 9 32:2 | 34:4 5 55 50 1831 7 ries les 24:3 | 10 15:5 | 17:4 |-17 44 55 1832 G) 28°1 I 36:2 | 10 30:8 | 31-7 | 11 49 38 1833 7 278 | 1 34:2 | 10 30:3 | 308 9 46 37 1834 7 25-3) er 33-0 | 10 269 | 28-4 | -6 56 | 62 1835 7 IO et 28:1 | 10 23:2'| 23:5 | -9 43° |) 52 1836 7 24-4} 1 33:1 | 10 261 | 27°99 | -1 51 52 1837 1 26D ia 35-0 | 10 28°1 | 29°7 4 60 | 56 1838 7 21°2 T:O4m |)932"6) ||) 9'03) || 2523/2074 2 48 46 1839 7 28:3) |r 365} 9 302 | 31-7 5 55 50 1840 6 24:9 | 2 36:0 | 10 279 | 296) 4 53 | 49 1841 6:53 | 29:9 | 2°08 | 39:8 | 10:06 | 333 | 343] 6 5 53 1842 7 DAeSeleod BH 8) | He 25:00 27-T ih TO 4 35 1843 7 25;9) || 1 33:8 | to 2730} 2G30 4 45 4I 1844 FOR | 24:0) || 187s lesz 4u|| G08) |) 2618) 30:2 ro} 53 53 1845 Flood 2004) —1-8S8re 31-5: |, 8-964) 25°3,), 2593 I 52 51 1846 7 241, || 1-98) 35:00) 9 28:3] a91 | 6 56 | 5o 1847 7 S19") 1°97" | 42:6. | 9 39°) | 365 |) 1 63 | 62 1848 7 326] 200 | 41-7 | gor | 34:4 | 36-2 3 56 53 1849 |.7 26:3 | 2:02 | 36-4] 9 294 | 307 | 6 | 51 | 45 1850 7 239} 198 ) 351] 9 a7;25 | 28-7 |) Aw | See AG 1851 7 195 | 1:99 | 31:2 | gor | 239 | 24:9 | -5 ST.) hy.90 1852 GF] SAOeP X 44-9 | 10 37°8 | 39:2 | 16 55 | 39 1853 7 270) 1 37°4 | 10 29°6 | 31°3 3 50 ! 47 1854 7 Days) || 311 | 10 25°4 | 267 | 3 47 | 44 1855 7 30°79) |) I 37:8 | 10 32-28 33:6 9 SOM 047 1856 7 2S I 31°6 Bho || o¥phte) || tae Se 5S 1857 F-7 eels Or) ke 74w Alon) 873041 d4°o0oorr 8 57 | 49 1858 7 24:7 | 12 35:6 | 10 31:7 | 30°7 6 56 | 5o 1859 7 23-9 | 12 30:6 | 5 2870 ||| 27°5" | —4 60 | 64 1860 7 23:4 | 12 29:3 | 5 28:3 | 27°0 5 ABS? 1861 7 28:3 | 12 yr ia tel ees) 35°3 | 336 8 55 | 47 1862 7 Alone llores 36:4 | 9 30:78 || 32°75 fo) ghee 1863 Gy) ad'4 | 2 349! 9 sO | 295.) 3 | Sa. | 52 1864 7 95° Sii) "#8 oR fH S50 fog 28:3 | 295 | -6 Soe i OF Mean 44 years,, 6:98 | 266 | 1°32 | 35:7) g19| 295 | 30°6 |-1t | 63 | 74 Mean 85 years, 707 | 26:5} 1:33 | 36:3 | 9:09 | 29°5 | 308 |-11 68 | 79 224 Meteorology of New Haven. The following table shows the mean temperature of each month of the year as deduced from all the preceding observations. Column 9th shows the mean temperature of each month corrected by the table on page 199, after having received the modifications hereafter explained. Hour. P M. Hour. P. M. % Correct’d Min. ean: Max. |Range. | Temp. | Mean. January, | 7°31 | 22:3 | 1-33 | 32-7 | goo 256 | 268 | 26:66 | -24| 64 | 88 February, | 7°°9 23-1 | 1°31 | 34:7 | 9:03 | 27:2 | 28-3 | 2818 | -16 | 68] 84 March, 6:69 | 30:8 | 1-29 | 43:2 | gro2 | 34-7 | 36:2 | 36-21 | - g | 76] 85 54:8 65:5 April, 6:24 | 406 | 1-41 914 | 45:1 | 46-9 | 47:13 | 11 | 85] 74 May, 5:92) 1oi1=2)9|| a4 “Hale@24 0) 90° a 7agn 07205 27 | 94] 67 June, 5188) | 161m || 253) |) 7520 9:24") (Oo-1 | 67-1 167-24 35 ||| 102) 167, July, 5-95 | 66:0 | 1-56 | 79:3 | 9°24 | Foo | 71-8 | 71-95 | 44 | 101 | 57 August, 607 | 64:5 | 1-56 | 77°8 | 9:15 | 68:8 | 70-4 | 7Jo-51 39 | 98 | 59 September,| 6:32 | 56-4 | 1°43 | 703 | gus 61-0 | 62:6 | 6270 27 || JO20|6a October, 6:62 | 452 | 1-26 | 589 | go03 | 49:9 | 51-3 | 51-26 19| 83 | 64 November,| 6:92 | 35-8 | 1-30 | 46-7 | 9:05 | 39 4 | 40-6 | 40-33 2| 74| 72 December, | 7°07 | 26:5 | 1-33 | 36:3 | go09 | 295 | 30°8 | 30°47 | -11 | 68] 79 Year, 6:51 | 43°6 | 1:40 | 56:3 git | 476 | 49:2 | 4g:19 | -24 | 102 | 126 We next endeavored to determine how these results might be em- ployed to correct the assumed table of the mean diurnal change of temperature given on page 199. The numbers of that table for each month were set off as ordinates corresponding to the hours as ab- scissas, and a curve as nearly symmetrical as possible, was drawn through the extremities of these ordinates. Then taking the results for January, given above, the morning temperature was subtracted from the mean of the month, and this difference was set off as an ordinate upon the January curve, by which means we determined one point of the true diurnal curve for that month. In like manner, the mid-day and the evening observations determined two other points of this curve. In the same manner, three points were deter- mined in the diurnal curve for each of the other months of the year. The points thus determined corresponded so well with the assumed table on page 199, that we were encouraged to make a further attempt to determine the true diurnal curve for New Haven. We therefore commenced anew a reduction of all the journals which embraced observations made at not less than five hours of each day. These observations embraced a period of nine years, and the hours of ob- servation were generally about 6 and 10 4. M., 2,6, and 9Pp.m. The following tables show the results of these observations. Meteorology of New Haven. 225 January. Hour. Hour. Hour. Hour. Hour. Year. RE Temp. | fa Temp. ; Temp. at ei Temp. Hose Temp. lt ° fe} fo] te} 1841 | 6:60 | 27°53 | 9192) |e d1e23) 2 34:93 | 6:06 | 32°42 | 10 30°97 1842 | 6:96 | 27:30 | 10 34:05 | 2°05 | 38-00 | 5:95 | 34:11 | 10 32:38 1845 | 7:02 | 26:16 | 10°03 | 31-97 | 1 87 | 36:84 | 4:62 | 33-77 | 9:14 | 28-03 1846 | 7°22 | 24:39 | 10 30°43 | 1°92 | 35:77 | 4:71 | 32:16 | 906 | 27:68 1847 a 24:00 | 10 IGAIde |ME*Gos |SA;93),).5 31-55 1848 | 7 26°61 | 10 32:35 | 2 37:10 | 5 33-87 1849 | 7 17°55 | 9:98 | 24:68 | 2-01 | 2974 | 502 | 25-26 7/ Uf 1850 | 25:84 | 9:99 | 32:03 | 2 37 10 | 1851 24:71 9:91 | 31-45 | 2°04 | 36.90 | 5:05 | 31-35 1852 | 7 18:77 | 10 25:42 | 2 31°00 | 06 | 20°90 | Mean, | 6:98 | 2429 | 9:98 | 3027 | 1°98 | 3516 | 5:15 | 31-34 | 923 27°4r | February. Year. Hour. Temp. Hour. Temp. Hour. Temp. | Hour. Temp. | Hour. Temp. | A.M. A.M. P. M. P. M. ° ° ° ie) ie) 1838 | 659 | 18:93 | 9:63 | 24:50 | 1°93 | 27:70 | 6 258g | 10:26 | 23-19 184¢ | 618] 2089] 9:97 | 2937 | 2 34 82 | 6:07 | 26:78 | 10°41 | 24-32 1842 6:79 | 31°46 | 1004 | 38-32 | 2 43 81 | 6:04 | 38:07 | 10 34:50 1844 | 699 | 2491 | 1022 | 34:05 39:10 | 457 | 36:77 | 9:31 | 30°32 I 1845 | 7 21°43 | 997 | 3061 | 1°88 | 37-64 | 498 | 33-71 9:13) ||| 26:79 1846 7 18-71 | 10 26220) )|| 1:924)|\ 3227919 28:18 giog | 22:18 1847 | 7 21°82 | to 29°61 | 1°97 | 35-61 | 5 32:07 | gor | 2700 1848 | 7 20:66 | 10 31:04 | 2 36:07 | 5 32:21 9 25-21 1849 | 7 14:57 | 10 25 46 | 1°98 | 31-29 | 5:03 | 26°81 | 9 21°29 1850 7 25-75 9°98 | 34-25 | 2 40:04 | 5°04 | 36-00 9 30:14 1851 7 26:54 | 9:97 | 34:14 | 2 39:07 | 5:07 | 35-18 9 30-29 19520 107 22°97 | 10 32°03 | 2°02 | 36:52 | 5:07 | 32°38 | 8:96 | 27°50 Mean, | 6-88 | 22°39 | 9:98 | 30°80 | 1°89 | 36:20 | 5:24 | 32:17 ' 9:35 | 26:89 March. Year. eh | Temp. Be Temp. atin | Temp. pe Temp. Bene, Temp. fe) oO fo) e} 1838 | 6:29 | 34:32 | 9:90 | 42°61 | 1°97 | 4455 | 5:go0 | 42°77 | 10°42 | 37-97 184t | 606 | 31°58 | 9:97 | 38-07 | 2:00 | 44:30 | 6 40:07 | 10:30 | 35-87 1842 | 663 | 37:10} 997 | 45°77 | 2°03 | 51-14 | 6 45:52 | 10 40°27 1844 | 665 | 35-90 | 10-41 | 42:00 | 1:07 | 45°97 | 4:91 | 43°32 | 9:07 | 3735 1845 | 6:98 | 32:23 | 9:g0 | 42:29 | 1-98 | 50-32 | 506 | 45°90 | git | 37-00 1846 | 7 31-68 | 9:94} 41-97 | 1-92 | 48-42 | 5 4445 \ 9 35:84 1847 | 7 26-58 | 9:91 | 35-74 | 1°97 | 41-58 | Sor | 38:39 | 9 30°87 1848 | 7 27°74 | 9:97 | 38:16 | 1 98 | 42-00 | Sor | 38°84! 9 31°84 1849 | 7 32°81 | 10:00 | 41-29 | 2:01 | 4452 | 5 4v8r 9 36 58 1850 | 7 2984 | got | 3916 | 1°99 | 43:77 | 5:02 | fo'on | g 33 23 1851 7 32°32 994 | 42:84 | 1-93 | 46:53 | 5°38 | 431 9:03 | 36:68 1852 | 7 30°13 | 9°93 | 39:27 | 1°98 | 42°93 | 502 | 38: got | 33-60 Mean, | 6 80 | 31:85 | 9:98 | 40:76 | 1.90 | 45°50 | 5:28 | 41-92 | 933 | 35:59 29 226 Meteorology of New Haven. April. Year. oe Temp. ee Temp. st Temp. aoe Temp. ras Temp. fo) fa 7} | Oo iy fe) xh Pe) oO ait 1838 | 6:22 | 38:00 | 9:96 | 47°00 | 2°04 | 49°35 | 6:09 | 4668 | 10°52 | 41°48 1841 | 6:13 | 39:20 | 9:96 | 45:21 | 2°07 | 50°66 | 6:05 | 47°61 | 10°20 | 42°59 1842 6:00 | 42-73 | 10°00 | 52°27 | 2:00 | 58°64 | 581 | 53-81 | 10:00 | 47°00 1844 | 6:06 | 45-97 | 10°46 | 57°83 | 1-20 | 64:20 | 5-59 | 59:97 | 9:03 | 51-40 1845 6:05 | 40°33 | 10°04 | 52°80 | 1°96 | 58-53 | 5:24 | 54:27 g:03 | 45:10 1846 | 6:20 | 39°83 | 9:57 | 52-90 | 1-98 | 5y:93 | 5:73 | 55-53 | g:o2 | 47°73 1847 6 36.00 | 9°99 | 48:03 | 1°89 | 5483 | 6-04 | 49°43 9°34 | 42:37 1848 | 6 38:80 | 9:99 | 52°83 | 1:97 | 55-60 | 6:00 | 51-90 | g:02 | 44:17 1849 | 6 37°80 | 9:98 | 50-03 | 2-00 | 52:37 | 5:87 | 48:90 | 8-93 | 42°17 _1851_ | 6 40°17 |_ 9°98 | 51°83 | 1-98 | 53-90 | Gor | 50-27 | gor | 45:00 Mean, | 6:07 | 39:88! 999 | 51-07 | I-91 55-80 | 5:84 | 51-84 g4r 44 90 May veer [HU | romp. | Hour | temp. [HOU | romp. |'°2" | emp. | Hur | temp oz Su eae A) lewd ieee | tiie... ° 1841 | 6 4917 | 10:10 | 58-38 | 2°31 | 61-44 | 5:89 | 61-84 | 9:96 | 52:56 1842 6:05 | 49:60 | 1007 | 58°36 | 2:20 | 61:80 | 6:18 | 61-06 | 10°00 | 54-41 1844 | 5:73 | 5487 | 10:36 | 66 26 | 1-86 | 71-10 | 5°89 | 66:85 | 9:13 | 6Go-71 1845 | 6 49°94 | 10°02 | 63:39 | 1°95 | 70 10 | 5:89 | 62°87 | gS | 54°87 1846 | 6 52°94 | 9:94 | 62°68 | 1:93 | 67°45 | 6 63-10 | 9:00 | 57:23 1847 | 612 | 50-00 | 1000 | 63-39 | 1°73 | 67-58 | 6:03 | 62°35 9°76 | 54:00 1848 | 6 54:81 | ggt | 63-10 | 1°97 | 6665 | 6 64:48 | 898 | 58:29 1849 | 6 48 87 | 960 | 60-03 | 1°97 | 62°68 | 6 =| 58:81 | g:0g | 52-42 Mean, 5:99 51-27, 1000 | 61°95 | 1°99 | 66:10 | 5:98 | 62°67 9°37 | 55:56 | June. Year. en Temp. ed Temp. ae Tem cs Temp. ne: Temp. pee nt lm i aya o. |. en 1838 | 6:03 4 64:07 | | 9°73: |°75°37 11°79 || 76-11 | 3:67 | 73'20 | 10°38 eas 1841 6 65:00 | 10°07 | 73 41 | 2°07 | 77 43 6:31 | 74:10 | 10°12 | 68:03 1842 | 5°86 | 58-89 | 9:89 | 67-61 | 2:07 | 72°32 | 6:00 | 70°14 | 10°04 | 62 61 1844 | 6-01 | 61:83 | 10:06 | 72°63 | 2°03 | 74:83 | 6:07 | 70°86 | go2 | 66-47 1845 | 6 59°33 | 9:98 | 73:23 | 2°03 | 79:13 | 5°98 | 74-67 | 9:08 | 64-90 1846 | 6 5967 | 9:92 | 70°57 | 2°04 | 75:10 | 5:98 | 70-60 | 9:07 | 63:60 1847 | 6°17 | 60:20 | 10-00 | 72°13 | 1°78 | 76:33 | 6:15 | 70°14 | 10°29 | 63-30 1848 | 6 61-40 | 9:85 | 71°77 | 2°03 | 75:83 | 6:03 | 72:83 | 9:06 | 65-10 1849 | 6:25 | 61-43 | 983 71°72 | 1°72 | 76:05 | 6:25°| 72:83 G81 65-63 Mean, | 6°04 | 61-31 | 9-93 | 72:05 | 1°95 | 75:90 | 6:05 | 72:15 | 965 | 65:12 Meteorology of New Haven. 227 July. veer [HOR | tom. | Hout | rem. | eu | romp. |HOME | temp. | Bou | temp 1838 | 6-21 | 68:05 9°84 | 78:16 | 1:96 80:80 | 6:00 78:33 | 10°33 aC71 1841 6 65:77 | 10°04 | 74:92 | 2°04 | 79°32 | 6:12 | 76:32 | 10°06 | 69°85 1842 | 6 69:03 | 9°97 | 74°77 | 2°03 | 78:20 | 6:13 | 75:58 | 10:02 | 71-06 1844 6-01 | 66:32 994 | 75:16 | 1°95 | 77°74 | 6:02 | 74:87 932 | 69-71 1845 | 6 6442 | 9:92 | 76:94 | 1:99 | 8313 | 6:00 | 78-68 | 905 | 71 06 1846 | 6 66:35 | 9:97 | 7481 | 2.04 | 79°52 | Gor | 76:35 | go2 | 70-52 1847 | 6:27 | 67:65 | 10°02 | 8c:38 | 1°81 | 84:47 | 6:10 | 77°40 | 10°21 | 70°52 1848 | 6 65:26 | g¢9t | 74:16 | 2:00 | 77-45 | 6:04 | 7477 | goo | 68:74 1849 | G12 | 65:77 | 987 7495 | 185 | 7955 | 614 | 7610} 9:44 | 69:26 Mean, | 6:07 | 66:51 | 9-94 | 76:03 | 1-96 | 80:02 | 6:06 [76:49 | 961 | 70:27 August. Year. ae Temp. aoe Temp ue Temp. mee Temp ty Temp i. aan se ie} us °o hy Mai hl aoe 1841 | 6 66:29 | 9°94 | 7383 | 2:39 | 78:83 | 6-16 | 76-00 | 10 71°30 1842 | 6:15 | 64:40 | 10:00 han 2°02 | 76:36 | 615 | 73:3 | 10 67:93 1844 | Gor | 6452 | g91 | 7500 | 1°89 | 77°84 | 6 GRAB) |) 70°10 1845 | 6 66:19 | 9:99 | 76:13 | 2 82:29 | Gor | 77°84 | 9:05 | 71°87 1846 | 6 64-77 | 9:86 | 73:90 | 2 79:32 | 6 75:19 | 9:02 | 70:16 1847 | 6:22 | 6394 | 10:04 | 75-00 | 1°93 | 78 60 | 602 | 73-71 975 | 67-53 1848 | 6 63:16 | to-02 | 75:55 | 2 79 01 | 6 76:13 | 9 68 81 1849 | 6 63:94 | 10°00 | 75°35 | 2 78:26 6 7443 | 9 69:23 Mean, | 6-05 ' 64-65 | 9°96 | 74:33 | 2-03 | 78:81 | 6-04 | 75-23 | 9 35 | 69 62 September. Year. oa Temp. hese Temp. ee Temp. ae Temp reel Temp "ite ia oe Tally dda Wee Bah 7 a) soe 1844 | 6-11 | 56°37 | 9°93 | 68°66 | I-gt | 73°17 | 5°72 | 69°50 | 9 62°70 1845 6 54:53 gto | 64°47 ea 98 | 69:77 | 5°80 | 66:23 9°03 | 60°50 1846 6 59°63 | 997 | 70°67 2 75-73 || © 71°03 g:02 | 65:23 1847 6 56:23 | 1002 | 64-93 | 2 68:83 | 6:03 | 64-93 9°08 | 59:77 1849 | 6 53-73 | 10 | 65-26 | 1°97 | 69°87 | 6-02 | 65-90 | 912 | 59-73 Mean, | 6:02 | 56:10 | 994 | 66:80 | 1-97 | 71°47 | 5:91 | 67°52 | 9:05 | 61-59 October | Year, ae Temp Aiag Tem ae “| Temp. ie Temp. aur: Temp 184 6:08 | 40°68 | 9°96 | 51°57 | 2°03 | 56:23 | 6:03 49°43 10 44-94 1844 | 614 | 46:06 | 9:66 | 54:14 | 1°73 | 58-37 | 5:08 | 54:63 | 9 49:65 1845 | 6:03 | 45:45 | 9°85 | 54:90 | 1:90 | 61-10 | 5-19 | 57°84 | 9:02 | 50:97 1846 | 7 43-26 | to 53:00 | 1°96 | 5868 | 5 56:48 | gto | 50°74 DOAT 17 41-74 | 10 52:42 | 1:98 | 57°55 | 5 53:92 | 9:06 | 46:00 1848. | 6:90 | 47°32.) 10°11 | 54°96 | 2°29 | 56:24 | 5 52°67 | 8:86 | 48-84 1849 | 7 45°81 | 10 52°65 | 2°00 | 57°16 ea 54°26 8°88 | 49°42 ~ Mean, | 659 | 44:33 | 9°94 | 53°38 | 1°98 | 57°90 | 5:19 | 54:18 | 913 | 48°65 228 Meteorology of New Haven. November. Hour. Hour. Hour. Hour. Hour. Year. ont: Temp. A.M. Temp. P.M. Temp. Temp. cae Temp P.M. 1841 6:20 Bao 10 aa 2 45°87 1844 | 6:83 | 34:37 | 10°03 | 41-10 | 1°89 | 47°20 6 40°57 | 10°07 | 37°33 4 1845 | 6:97 | 38-73 | 10°03 | 47-10 | 1°93 | 51°57 | 4 5 5 ko ‘66 | 43-97 9:04 | 38-97 "82)4| 47-93 |g 42-13 1846 41-70 | 9°97 | 45:23 | 1°97 | Soo | Sot | 47-97 | 9 44:33 ‘06 | 46°97 gor | 42°30 1848 31°03 | 1o‘o1 | 40°63 | 2°07 | 44:97 39 60 g'02 | 34:70 7) O47 |) | F 7 1849 q 41:07 | 10-01 | 48°87 | 1-99 | 53-g0 | 5 49°33 9 44:50 7 6 40:07 | 9°98 | 47°47 | 1°98 | 51°97 1850 _ 38:33 | 9°98 | 46:10 | 205 | 5083 | 5 45:77 | 905 | 41-03 Mean, | 6°87 | 37°47 | 10°00 | 44°75 | 1°98 | 49°60 | 5-03 | 45°26 gh” “4066 December. Hour. Hour. Hour. Hour. Year. A.M. Temp. A.M. Temp. at Me Temp. our Temp. eee Temp. eo) fe) fe} 1840 6 24°87 | 10 30°32 | 2 36:03 | 6 Boos 10 27°94 1841 6°53 | 29°87 10°03 | 36:13 | 2°08 | 39:80 | 6:07 | 35:00 | 10°06 33:29 1844 | 7°02 | 24:52 | 9°99 | 31-57 | 1°87 | 37°39 | 4:46 | 33°83 | 9:08 | 28-81 1845 7:15 | 21-00 | 10:02 | 26-48 | 1°88 | 31:48 | 4:31 | 28-58 | 8-96 | 23-26 1846 7 24°10 | 10°10 | 29-90 | 1:98 | 34-97 | 5:02 | 30-71 28-2 1847 | 7 SE87 | 39198" S777 || OF || 42:61) 38°35 35-00 1848 7 32°61 | 10 37°81 | 2 41°74 | 5 37°61 go1 | 34°42 1549 | 7 26:30 | 9:98 sre 9702 1/3642" 1 31-77 a9 29°39 1800) 07 23°87 | 10 30°52) | 0985) Joou|Eo 30°68 | 9 27°23 Seer a7 1955 | 10 | 26:00 | 1°99 | 31-23 | 5 27°10 | gor | 23-94 Mean, | 6°87 | 25°86 | 10°01 | 31°84 | 1°98 | 36°68 | 5:09 | 32°42 g2t | 29716 These numbers being set off on the curves previously mentioned, determined five points of the true diurnal curve for New Haven, and indicated that the chief error in the numbers on page 199 consisted in the range of the diurnal motion, and not in the law of the curve. Assuming that the true diurnal curve was similar to that indicated by the numbers on page 199, a curve was drawn through the five points already determined, and as nearly parallel as possible to the one first constructed. The true curve has generally a somewhat greater range than the provisional curve first assumed; but other- wise the two curves bear a close resemblance, and afford a presump- tion that we have made a near approach to the true curve represent- ing the diurnal change of temperature. The ordinates of these curves have all been carefully measured, and are given in the follow- ing Table. Meteorology of New Haven. 229 Corrections to be applied to the means of the hours of observation to obtain the true mean temperatures at New Haven, Hour. Jan, Mar. | April.| May. | June. | July. Oct. } Nov. Oo 2°51 3:09) 3 63 4:08) 41 4:84) 4:87] 4:55] 3:06 +0°55 —2°14| —4'08) —3°36} -5:51|-4-90) -6'10 -6:24)- 5:91 -6°91 -6:44 -5'91|-7:26 -6:09 -5°39 wae leon | 5-of 6-01 6:77 | 7°32 7°43 Fe 5:8 3:56 | 0-77 |—1'64 -3°71 |-6:53} |-9°23| |-7°94 3-7-4 4| °o 3°53 4:16 4°70 524 5:70 6:09 6:06 4°94 2°39 -0 31 |-3:04 '-4:66 -5:93 '-6:81 -7°25 -7°16 (°) ereks) 9 608 | 6:93) 7°68 8-17 - 0 (eo) 2°08 2°41 275) 311 3°45 375 3°95 3°94 323 1‘07 =1°52 °o 2°22 2°58) 2°96 3.30 3:67 4:04) 431 4:40} 3:88 BF 43} -i ‘44| -3°48 -5-03 =5°91 -6:17 —5 83 Midnight, SI BRNO Ai WG DO KR Oo IND ARAN wo WAN ADIN Y wR So [Se} Lb OV or O~) |—0'°44 l=3-30 BROW COND NARwn eK ~ -6°68 -6°76 -7:42) —7:57 -7°75,-7°92 -7°64 -7°63 -6:36 -7 10 \-7°43 =F oO A ° ) 3 -4:81 -3:04 -6°47 -4 66 -3°54 -0'96 o'42 -6:93 |-5:88) Eg, *95| 1°98) -0'05 -6:80 —-62 -—3-67 —1°75} +o0°08 -6:94 -6°60 ~5°63 -4°55 | —3°83 -2°85 tO L220 +0°08 +0°12 -4:56 -3°95}- =i 84)- 2°08 =I" 8): "02 =(0f 59 - -0:26 4029/40" 4O -6°28 -4°78 -2°98 —F°23 +028 E63) 135 2:76, 2°31 3°75) 3219 1°45 2°35 3:16 1°62 2°82 4:02 1°62 273 3:77 ' 1°43 1°30} 1°91] 2:19 1°90 2°27] 2°86 i) COO OND Own 0°85) 0°92 140) 1°35 1°96] 1°72 Cal _ Having obtained the means of reducing observations made at ir- regular hours to fixed hours, we next undertook a more satisfactory reduction of the entire series of observations embracing 86 years. we computed from the preceding table, o’clock, and Taking the January series, the reduction for each of the morning observations to 7 finding the mean of the whole, we obtained the average temperature at 7 o’clock according to 86 years of observations. Each of the mid- day observations was in like manner reduced to 2 o’clock, and finding the mean of the whole, we obtained the average temperature at 2 o'clock. In the same manner, each of the evening observations was reduced to 9 o’clock, and the mean of the entire series was taken. The observations of each of the other months were in like manner reduced to the nearest even hour. We next took the series of observations made five times a day, embracing a period of nine years, and reduced each of them in like manner to the nearest even hour. We then took the difference be- tween the averages for the morning and mid-day observations in the long and short series, and applied half the sum of these differences as a correction to the 10 o’clock observation, by which means we ob- tained the most probable temperature at 10 o’clock corresponding to 230 Meteorology of New Haven, to the series of 86 years. The corrected temperature at 5 or 6 o’clock was obtained in a similar manner. We had now three points of the diurnal curve of temperature determined from 86 years of observa- tions; ene point being near the hour of minimum temperature, and a second near the hour of maximum temperature; and we had two in- termediate points determined from nine years of observations. A curve was then drawn through these five points as nearly as possible parallel to the curve previously determined. The following table shows the resulting temperature obtained for each hour of each month of the year. Mean temperature of the air at New Haven for each hour of each month of the year. Hour. - mow Onna AWwrd —_— Midnight, Jar. | Feb. | March @ 0) | «6 24:26|25:24) 32°38 23-91|24°77| 31 77 23:53)24:31| 31:24 23-19|23-80 30°72 22°83) 23:32) 30:28 22°46 22:95) 29 91 22°19]22°81| 30:00 22°15]23:or| 31°18 22°71|24°42) 33-79 25:20|/27-60, 36:55 28:1 2/30:59 39°33 30:16}32°34 40°95 31°72/33-67| 42°23 32°60!34:70) 43-12 32:87|35:06) 43-56 | 32°41/34-87| 43-43 3126/3389 42-69 29°37|3192| 4o- 83 27°92|30'12| 38-63 26°84/ 28-73} 36-97 26-04/27°67| 35°52 25 42/26 88) 34-43 |\A0°4I 40:10, (39°52) April eo 42°19 40°74 39°31) a9" 69) | | June. | July. | May. Aug. | Sept. BT ‘8861 1566.46 51-01 60°03 65: “49 5012/58: 91 64°69 49°31 58: as eAr7 48°78 58: 1063-97 48: ara 7904 27 50:68 60°83 65 51 Au iy) 44°80) 47° 96 50°71| 53-65 63-79 67-98, 56:77 66:99 70°80) 59°42 69°64 73° 30 6r- ‘49,71:69,75°45 (52°33 63-05 53:62:64-26) 54: 58) 65: 2I 55°16) 65: 79 55-19 65:81 '54 67,65:30 53-44|64-07 73° od 77°23 74:08 78:37 74:89\79 12/7 79° 28)79°47 75 21|79°37 74:59 78-85 73°44.77°79 Qo ° 65:57/57°75 64°75,56°87; 64:03 56:18 63-56 55:70! 63°16 55:27) 63°2255°15 63°96 55-66, 66:21/57-75 68-98 60°78) 71 5463°75) 73°71 66-28) 75:60'68°15 76°82 69°39 77°62|70°17 78-01 70°54 77°94 70°39 77°38 69°65 76:21 68°30 Oct. | Nov. rape |e ° 47°02'37°68) 28-25 46°26 37°14|27'93 45°62 36:64) 27°60 45°05 36:22)27°25 44°59 35°82) 26°93 44° mails 52|26°64 44°45 35°52|26°45 Dec. '45°83 35°84) 26°46 48°81 ,37°34)27°21 51°68 39°86 29°41 54°62 42°56)32°05 56°75 44: 51/33'91 58:05 45°95 35°47 58:85 46:69|36°27 59°18 46°89|36° 54 58°81 46° 5? 35°95 57°70|44°95|34'44 55°57/43°20/32°51 Year. °o 44-98 44°28 43°63 43°10 42°71 42°62 43°15 44°69 46°95 49°66 52°22 54°00 55:30 56°15 56°53 56:32 55°45 53°89 50:8¢ 48°31 46:23 44:86 52-00|71'27/75 84 58°93 69° 12|73- 6g 56-66 66:88 71: 77 55:05 65:14,70'01 74°26,66°47 53°86) 72°24) 64:38 52°28 70°31 62 42, 50°88) 68°67 60°81 49°64 41°88/31°42|52°05 40°82|30°63) 59:24 39°95|29°93) 48-69 '39°25|29'38 47°46 24:98) 26-27| 33-69 43°87/53-81 63-68 68-78 67°53 59°65 48°68 38°73]28-96) 46:55 24°58) 25-73) 33-04 |43 04/52°83'62°36.67°55 66°46 3g ‘63 478: 82/38 -2¢ 20|28-60 45°74 26 53 28-11) 36-09 46°84 57°28 /66-96 71-66 70 32)62-50 51°10 40'32|30°42)49 o1 Monthly — means, Subtracting each of these numbers from the mean for the month, we obtain the following table showing the corrections to be applied to the means of the hours of observation to obtain the true mean temperatures at New Haven. These numbers indicate a diurnal range of temperature a little greater than that shown by the table on page 229. At the bottom of the table is given a comparison of some of the different modes which have been proposed for deducing the mean temperature from a limited number of observations, Meteorology of New Haven. 231 Corrections to be applied to the means of’ the hours of observation to Hour. Midnight, obtain the true mean temperature at New Haven. (Adopted.) Jan. | Feb. = & 59 —2°48 —-3:63|/-4°23 —5:19|-5°56 —6-07|-6:59/- -6:34|-6°95 -5'88|-6°76 -4:73|-5'78 -2°84|-3°81 -1°39|-2"01 -0'31|-0'62 0°49) 0°44 T°l,t| 1-23 1°55| 1°84 1°95} 2°38 OO OUA ARWHa _ Leal | March} April. ° a1 4:32] 5-43 485) 6-10 5'37| 6:74 5°81] 7:32 6:18} 7:53 6:09] 7°15 4:91| 5:27 2°30] 2°04 —0'46|-1'12 —3-24|-3-87 ie} 4:65, May. | June. () 5:81 6:93 8-05 8-71 8-86 8-17 6:13 317 -0'03 -2°68 -4°73 -4°86|-5°49 —6:14|-6°78 —7:03) -7°74 -7:47|-8'32 -7°34|-8°35 -6-60|/-7°83 -4:74|-6°60 —2°54|-4'05 -—0°88]—1°47 0°57| o61 1°66) 1°98 2°40] 2°97 3:05] 3°80 Dail. ext.|-0-98|-0:82|-0:64|-0-41 _ SO RIDA © WOU IS DAAH -0°84|-0'74 —0'98|—0'92 —31'12|-1°45 —1°26/-1°63 +0°91|+0°47 1°47| 1°64 2°03| 2°24 2°15| 2°06 1°22] 0°87 -0'02|-0'°32 HQ OUND COnNnKYnN-™ ) =I°T3)}=1'°22 -—0'50!-0°4o -0°30|-0'1 4) -0'15|+0'06) -0'28}-0'21 Ne oN OD vy 7. 2. 2 (9)|4+0°06,+0°15 -1°06)-1'23 —1°28]—1°52 —2°36]-2°85 =9°56,—o 24 +0°05|-0'25 r77|) 1:55 2°Or| I'g0 1°43| 1°32 -6'08 —6'98 -7'93]-7:93 -8-51/-8-32 ~—8°53]-8-25 —8'02|-7°63 -6°79|-6°48 -4:31 -2'16, —7'12 -4°72 nid 645) 0°62 22931) 1°82 3:47| 3°28 4°45) 4°60 —0'OI|+0'27 —2*15|/—2:38 —2°44|—2°57 -3°71|-3:98 \-4°00|-4°17 -0'76|-1°30 0°94 0°99 0°56 o'9l 0°50 0°02 0'60) 0°43 0'04|-0'43 0°08} July. 3-68) 4:11) 0°86} 1°34 = '64)—1°22 -3°79|-3:39 -7°46|-7:°30 |—7"9t|—7°69| -7'19}-7°06) -6'13]-5°89 |-4°18 -3:94 -o'Tl 1°65 2°88 G1t —0'06|/-0:26 1°65 2°79 3°86 -1°89 —2°06 -3°30 —3°47| -0'87, -1'59 —[ 2 —2° sate -o'60 0°68 0°82 0°37 “00 Oi T'09 0°67 0°21 Aug. | Sept. 6051) 63a! —5°57|-5:28 —6'71|-6°50) -7°81|-7°69) —2°03|-1°92) ores @ -0°42|—0°45|-0°37 -1'31 —0°27 +0° 09) 40°34) -—0'30) —1'74|—2°21 -0'19|-0'43 +0'27/+0'11 +0'60)/+0°59 —0'36/-0°88 +019 +0'23}—0'10) -0°72/-0'45|-0'30 —1'76) -0'44 +011 +0°49 -0'64 —2°17|-1°95 —0°70|-0'59, =0°12| “00; +0'°36|+0°41 -1'11|-0°83 —0'38)—0°21|—0°07 Nov. 6°84 4:75 1°72 —1'25 —3-78 —5°65 -6°89 -7'67 -8:04 -7°89|-7 —7'19 —5'80 -6°19 —3°97|-2°76) -1°56|—1°00 —1°88|—1-18]-0-50|-o-21 0°37} 0°49 0°08} 0:22 1°69} 1°46 2°85| 2-49 3°87] 3-28 -0°34|-0°63}-—0:88 Yel aoe -0'94 -1°64)/-1°4o]-1'04 —2°97 -3°16|—2'89]-1°79 -—0°58)-0°18}+0'41 1°43) 1°94] 1°62 1°43} 2°04] 1: 99, o'go} 1°25] 1-67, 0°44) 0°76 —0°46|—0°55}-—0'°32 1:07 1°59 2°32 0°22 —1°72)-1°40|-1'1t -0°37|—0'40]—0°47 +0'16 +0°01}-0'23 4-0°55'40°33 -0'06 =0,53 eotay tatr —2°24|)—1°63) -4:19|-3-49 —5'63)-5:05 —6°37|-5:85 -6:57|-6-12 oebe -463)-4:02 —4°47| -2°88)-2°09 -2°73]-1°69) -0°45|-0'34 — Dec. | Year. -5°53 1°04 1°46 1°82 -1'07 -0'94 -1:08 —1°32 —1°45 +0°75 1°48 1°87 1°85 1°02 —0'08]—0'37 —1'05|—1'°57 —0°55|—0°45 —0°37|—0°04 -0'23/+0'27 0°37|-0°53 | —0°02/-—O'OI During winter, the mean of the two daily extremes gives a tem- perature almost one degree too great; and for the entire year, the mean of the two daily extremes gives a temperature more than half a degree too great. 232 Meteorology of New Haven. If we combine any morning observation with an observation made about the time of greatest heat, we obtain a resulting temperature too great. Twice during each day, the height of the thermometer coincides with the mean temperature of the day. This coincidence occurs about 15 minutes before nine in the morning, and also about 12 min- utes before eight in the evening. We should therefore obtain the mean temperature by a single observation at either of these instants ; but a uniform system of observation is more likely to be adhered to, when the time of observation is an even hour. If we combine 9 o'clock in the morning with 8 o’clock in the evening, the resulting temperature will be about a degree too high in summer, and about three-fourths of a degree too low in winter. The mean for the year will be only one-sixth of a degree too great; and this is the nearest approach to the mean temperature which can be obtained by com- bining any two hours of observation, unless we employ inconvenient hours of the night. In other words, there are no two convenient hours whose mean corresponds with the mean temperature of New Haven with the precision which is desirable in such observations. If the mean temperature is to be deduced from observations at two hours of the same name, the hours which best combine accuracy with convenience are 10 A.M. and 10 p.m.; but these give a result about ene-third of a degree too great. If observations are made at three hours daily, we shall obtain the mean temperature very accurately by observations at 6 A.M., 2 and 9 p.M.; but during the winter months 6 A. mM. is an inconvenient hour, and not likely to be faithfully adhered to. The mean of observations at 7 A.M., 2 and 9 P.M., is too great; but if we add twice the nine o'clock observation to the sum of the other two observations, and divide the result by 4, the error of the result for the separate months in only one instance exceeds a quarter of a degree; and for the en- tire year differs but one-hundredth of a degree from the true mean temperature. ‘These then are the three hours to be generally recom- mended for observation, and fortunately they are extremely well adapted to the convenience of most observers. The annual variation of temperature may be represented by Bes- sel’s well-known formula T,=(T)+A ,sin(w+B,)+A,sin(2e++B,)-+-A,sin(37+B,)-+ ete., where T, represents the mean temperature of a day corresponding to an epoch « of the year, z being counted in degrees from some as- —_—— Meteorology of New Haven. 233 sumed instant; (T), A,, B,, A., Bz, ete., being constants derived from the mean temperatures determined for certain epochs. In order that these constants may be most conveniently determined, it is neces- sary that the epochs should divide the year into equal intervals; and it is also necessary to deduce from the mean temperatures for the sey- eral months, the mean temperatures of 12 equidistant epochs; viz., for «= 0°, «= 30°, and so on up to x = 330°. Now the mean temperature of all the days of a month does not coincide with that of a day placed at the middle of the month, be- cause the temperature does not change uniformly; that is, the varia- tion of temperature is represented by a curved line rather than by a straight line; and when we have obtained the mean temperature for the middle of each month, these temperatures do not correspond to the epochs «= 0°, «= 30°, ete., because the months are of unequal length. It is therefore necessary to reduce the temperature of the middle of each month to that which corresponds to the epochs 0°, 30°, etc. In order to obtain these two corrections, a provisional formula was computed, which differed but little from the one given below, and from this was computed the mean temperature of each day of the year. The following table shows the corrections thus obtained for the curvature of the line of mean temperature, and for inequality of intervals, the dates being reckoned from Jan. 15th. The last col- umn shows the results after these two corrections have been applied. Corrections for M b Temperat Unequa T ratur eee eae | curranire || Cental aueg aioe ° ° ° ° January, 26:53 -"24 +:04 26:33 February, 28-11 — 35 --03 27°77 March, 36:09 II 4°22 36:20 April, 46:84 +:05 +:20 47°09 May, 57:28 oO +:18 57°46 June, 66:96 +25 +11 67:32 July, 71°66 +:26 +02 71°94 August, 70°32 +31 +03 70:66 September, 62-50 +18 +:09 62:77 October, 51-10 —"07 +12 51°15 November, 4o:32 +02 +13 40°47 December, 30:42 --°31 +1 30:22 Computing from these corrected temperatures the values of the constants in our assumed formula, we obtain T= 49°°11-+-22°°92 sin(a+-263° 38’)-0°'29 sin(27-4+-345° 24’) +0°45sin(3x4+229° 50’) 40°02 sin(4e+4-150°)-+-0°'38 sin(5a-+54° 31’) — 0°°08 cos 6a, in which @ is reckoned from January 15th. 30 234 Meteorology of New Haven. From this formula has been computed the mean temperature of each day of the year, as shown in the following table. Mean temperature of every day in the year, as deduced from 86 years of observations at New Haven, Conn. Day of the | Jan. | Feb. | March April. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. Month. CoM tl) ae) ° ar. ll _____- EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. Figure 1. Spicula of Hymenogorgia quercifolia Edw.; 1a, double-spindles; 1b, cres- cent-shaped spicula,—enlarged 150 diameters. Figure 2. Spicula of Pterogorgia gracilis Verrill; 2a, double-spinldes; 2b, cres- cents,—enlarged 150 diameters. Figure 3. A part of a branch of the same,—natural size. Figure 4. Spicula of Eunicea humilis Kdw.; a, spindles from coenenchyma,—en- larged 50 diameters; b, club-shaped spicula,—enlarged 100 diameters. Figure 5. Spicula of Pleaaurella dichotoma Koll. ; 5a, a cross-shaped spiculum with unequal branches; 5b, a cross with two of the branches undeveloped,—enlarged 100 diameters. Figure 6. Cross-shaped spicula of Plexaurella anceps? Koll.; 6a, one of the larger spindles,—enlarged 100 diameters. Figure 7. Echinaster crassispina Verrill; part of ray,—natural size. Figure 8. Thyone Braziliensis Verrill; a, oral plates,—natural size. Figure 9. Chriodota rotiferum Stimp.; calcareous wheels of the skin,—enlarged 150 diameters. 7 Figure 10. Amphiaster insignis Vernll; ray and part of disk,—natural size. * Zeitschrift fiir Wissensch. Zool., Dec. 1867, p. 113, Taf. VIII, Fig. 4-5. Verrill, Notes on Radiata. ae) ~T ~T No. 6.—Review of the Corals and Polyps of the West Coast of America. By A. BE. Verritt. Presented, April, 1868. Recent explorations of the west tropical coast of America, prin- cipally by Mr. F. H. Bradley for the Museum of Yale College, have contributed so much to the knowledge of the Polypi of that region and have so increased our store of specimens, that a new and much more complete catalogue of the species has become indispensable for a proper understanding of the geographical distribution of the ani- mals of this class. The Smithsonian Institution has contributed the species collected by John Xantus, Esq., at Cape St. Lucas. In a paper published two years ago,* the writer enumerated nearly all the species then known from Panama and called attention to the remarkable contrast between the polyp-faunze of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Central America, and the bearing of these facts upon the supposed former connection between the two oceans, across the Isthmus of Panama. The additional forms now presented make these contrasts still greater and more remarkable, and add greater force to the evidence then brought forward to show that no deep or extensive water con- nection, sufficient to modify the ocean currents, can have taken place since the existence of the species now living upon each coast. The Panamian fauna proves to be remarkably rich in Gorgonacea, no less than 43 species having already been obtained. The genus Muricea appears to attain here its greatest development, since 15 spe- cies, besides several peculiar varieties, perhaps distinct, are in our col- lection from Panama Bay, and others from Acapulco and Peru, while from the West Indies there are but four well-ascertained species. The occurrence of two peculiar, gigantic species of Pavonia, a genus of corals hitherto known only in the Indo-Pacific faunz, is noteworthy, and also the presence of a peculiar new form of Dendrophyllia. The classification here followed is that proposed by the writer three years agot with a few changes that have become necessary by a better knowledge of the anatomy of some groups and the discovery of new forms. * Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. x, p. 323, 1865. + Proceedings of the Essex Institute, vol. iv, p. 145, 1865. See also Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. i, 1864. 378 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. Order, ALCYONARIA. Sub-Order, PENNATULACEA. Family, RenILiip™®. Renilla. The polyps arise from the upper surface of a flat, reniform, cavernous disk or frond, having a sinus on one edge, near which there is upon the lower surface a locomotive peduncle, which is muscular and greatly extensible and divided in the interior into two longitudinal chambers, which communicate with two large cavities at its base, and through these with the smaller cavities of the disk, and thus with the bodies of the polyps. The integument of the lower surface, peduncle, and upper surface, is filled with numerous, slender, prismatic spicula, and around the bases of the polyps there are pointed, projecting groups of similar spicula. The polyps originate by budding around the edge of the disk, and are therefore regularly arranged, alternately both in consecutive circles and in radiating lines, which are symmet- rical upon the right and left side of a median plane passing through the sinus, and they are smaller and more crowded toward the edge than on the central parts. The polyps are rather large, much exsert in expansion, but wholly retractile. Besides the ordinary form of polyps, there are in this, as in other genera of Pennatulacea, a second kind, having a different structure and appearance. Or, in other words, the polyps are dimorphous in a manner analogous to that observed in many Hydroids. In Renilla, the second kind of polyps are scattered thickly over the upper surface between the others, and appear in alcoholic specimens like lit- tle papille, with clusters of whitish spots on their surface, and sur- rounded with spicula similar to those around the ordinary polyps, but less numerous and smaller. They are also asexual. The writer first described these peculiar dimorphous forms of the polyps of Renilla, in 1864,* as “ rudimentary polyps,” and afterwards those of Leioptillum undulatum, Ptilosarcus Gurneyi, Veretillum Stimpsonii, ete.t * Revision of the Polyps of the Eastern Coast of the United States, Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. i, p. 12. + Proceedings of the Essex Institute, vol. iv, p. 182-5, 1865. Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 379 Dr. Albert Kélliker has recently investigated this interesting sub- ject much more completely, both among Pennatulacea and Al- cyonacea, and has already published a short notice,* preliminary toa more extended memoir upon it. For these reasons it will be passed over in the following pages with only such descriptions of the exter- nal appearance of the two forms of polyps as may be useful for the determination of the genera and species. Renilla amethystina Verrill. Bulletin of the Museum of Comp. Zodél., p. 29, Jan. 1864; Proceedings Boston Soc. Nat. History, 1866, p. 326. Plate V, figure 1. Frond large, rather thin, broad reniform, broader than long, propor- tion of breadth to length about as 1°3: 1; sinus extending more than one third across the length of the frond, about equal to one third of its breadth; the posterior lobes broad and rounded, meeting behind, Pedunele placed at about its own diameter from the end of the sinus ; length, in contraction, equal to about a third of the breadth of the frond. Lower surface and peduncle rough with spicula, which are arranged somewhat in radiating lines, upper surface slightly convex, covered with very numerous, rather closely set, small polyps, which are surrounded at base by slightly projecting, rigid calicles, strength- ened by numerous spicula, which rise upin angular clusters. Thickly scattered between the ordinary polyps are those of the second or rudi- mentary kind, which form, in the contracted state, much smaller ver- ruc, surrounded by a lower border of spicula, and consisting of clus- ters of from eight to thirty, small, round papillie, each with a dark point in the centre. According to Mr. Bradley’s observations upon the living polyps, these are mostly ‘25 of an inch long, and about *12 across the expand- ed tentacles, the bodies of the polyps being about 06. ‘“‘ They are transparent, with an opaque stomach, the eight radiating lamelle showing through the walls; around the small mouth, which is edged with white, are eight radiating white points, corresponding to the intervals between the tentacles; around the base of the tentacles is a brown ring, which runs down in points opposite the spaces between them. Opposite the base of each polyp are two (rarely four or five) bunches of little white rays. The frond is nearly transparent, but highly colored by very numerous purple spicula, evenly distributed on the * Verhandlungen der physik-medicin Gesellschaft in Wiirzburg, Dec., 1867. Also, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., March, 1868. 380 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. peduncle and lower surface, but on the upper side arranged along the edges of the polypiferous radiating lines, and especially concentrated about the five (rarely six or seven) white points that surround the closed polyps. The polyps are arranged somewhat in quincunx, in lines that radiate from the attachment of the peduncle, and curve out- ward on the sides to the lobes. The tentacles are narrow and taper- ing, 04 to 06 long, bearing, especially in young specimens, well marked pinne at the tip and edges, which in old ones often become reduced to a mere fringe.” In alcohol the usual color is deep rich purple, due to the color of the spicula, with the tip of the peduncle light yellowish; but some specimens are light, reddish purple, and one is pure white, due per- haps to disease or injury, for it has become deformed. The polyps, when expanded, usually show the eight white lobes around the mouth, and the brown band below the tentacles. The spicula are all slender and irregularly prismatic in form, some- times bent, a little thickened in the middle, tapering slightly to near the ends, which are somewhat enlarged and bluntly truncated. They vary considerably in size, those of the upper surface around the poly p- cells and in the integument of the lower surface being the largest ; many others are about half as long, and others not more than a fourth. The largest spicula of the upper surface are about °810"™ long and ‘064™" thick ; some the larger ones from the lower surface are ‘544™™ long by °056"" thick, and -608"™™ long by -048™"; with these are many small ones about °350™™ by °048™™", Some of the larger spicula from the white specimen are 640" long by ‘064"™ thick, and the smaller ones 240" by :024™™, The color of the spicula in the darker specimens is deep amethystine purple ; in the lighter specimens, light purple or silvery white. The spicula all reflect light im a peculiar manner, which gives them a silvery lustre. They do not appear to have such well marked triangular sections as those of “ R. ameri- cana,” figured by Dr. Kélliker,* the angles being less prominent, without reéntrant angles between them. In many cases the section is nearly round, or quadrangular with rounded corners, but to- ward the ends of the spiculum, usually triangular with rounded angles. When contracted in alcohol, one of the largest specimens measures 3°75 inches in breadth ; 3°30 long, from posterior lobes to front ; 2°20 from sinus to front; °35 in thickness; diameter of polyp-cells -06. When living, some specimens were more than 6 inches in breadth. * Teones Histiologice, ii, Taf. xix, fig. 16. 4 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 381 Panama, north of the railroad-wharf, on sand at extreme low- water, abundant on one occasion only,—F. H. Bradley; Panama,— J, H. Sternbergh, Capt. J. M. Dow, T. Rowell, Esq.; Pearl Islands, dredged on muddy bottoms, 4 to 6 fathoms,—F. H. Bradley ; Acajutla, San Salvador,—F. H. Bradley; Zorritos, Peru, dredged on muddy _bottom,—F. H. Bradley. The single white specimen, referred to above, was found at Panama with the ordinary variety. The frond, apparently owing to injury or disease and subsequent restoration, is divided into three nearly equal lobes by two deep lateral notches and the sinus. The polyps are not retracted and appear a little larger than usual. The spicula are pure white and apparently somewhat smaller than in other specimens. This species has but little resemblance to A. reniformis of the south- ern Atlantic coast of the United States, being much larger, with smaller, more crowded, and far more numerous polyps, while the frond is broader than long, instead of longer than broad. The color is also much deeper and brighter, and the under surface rougher. It re- sembles FR. patula Verrill, from Cumana, Venezuela, more than any other species, but can scarcely be confounded even with that, since it differs considerably in form and color and in the size of the polyps, and has a thicker frond. Family, PENNATULID&. Leioptillum undulatum Verrill. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, iv, 1865, p. 182. Basal portion smooth, pointed at the end, swelling into a large bulb just below the pinne. Posterior part of the body, except along a narrow median band, covered with large verruciform rudimentary polyps. forming rounded papille, some of which are a tenth of an inch in diameter. Pinn large, very broad and rounded, with nar- row bases, the edges thrown into undulations or frills. Polyps rather large, arranged in three alternating rows along the edges of the pin- nx. Axis very slender, about two inches long, extending from about an inch above the basal end to about the. middle of the pinnate por- tion. The naked base, of a specimen 4:25 inches long, is 1°75; the largest pinne *75 long and 1°12 wide. This specimen has twenty-five pinne on each side. Pinnacati Bay, Gulf of California,—Mr. Stone. (Smithsonian Institution), 4 382 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. Ptilosarcus Gurneyi Gray. Sarcoptilus (Ptilosarcus) Gurneyt Gray, Ann. and Mag. N. H., vol. v, p. 23, pl. iu, fig. 2, 1860. Pennatula tenua Gabb, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii, p. 166, 1862. Ptilosarcus Gurneyi Verrill, Proc. Essex Inst.,°1865, p. 183. Puget Sound, Washington Territory,—Dr. C. B. Kennerly. Family, VirGuLaRip&. Stylatula Verrill, 1864. Polyps forming clusters upon the upper side of the lateral processes, which are supported beneath by conspicuous, sharp, radiating, spine- like spicula, which are much expanded at the base and divided into a number of irregular teeth. Besides these there are numerous, much smaller, acicular spicula imbricated at the base of the large ones and imbedded in the ccenenchyma. The stem is long and slender, as in Virgularia, and the lateral processes become obsolete below. The ba- sal portion is naked, enlarged and bulbous at the base. The axis is almost cylindrical, stony, with a radiated fibrous structure, and passes through nearly the entire length. This genus is, as yet, known only from the west coast of America. Stylatula gracilis Verrill. » Bulletin Mus. Comp. Zoél., p. 30, Jan. 1864. (?) Virgularia gracilis Gabb, op. cit., iii, p. 120, March, 1864. Plate V, figure 2. Stem very slender, cylindrical; base smooth, swollen and bulbous for a considerable distance relative to the length ; above this a row of transverse processes (or wings) commences on each side, which are at first very narrow and slightly prominent, and leave between them, on both the front and back, a longitudinal naked space; the lateral pro- cesses gradually become wider and more prominent upward, and the naked bands becoming linear, the one on the back side is soon obliterated by the over-lapping of the lateral wings, while that on the front side finally disappears by the meeting of the processes in front. The lateral transverse processes at first bear very small rudimentary polyps in the form of small papillee, higher up they become more ele- vated and supported beneath by sharp, white, radiating spines, 10 or 12 to each wing, while on the upper edge they bear a single row of 15 to 18 moderately large polyps, which in contraction are papilla about equal in length to the spines. In the middle region the wings are close together, about 30 to an inch, arranged alternately upon ’ Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 383 the sides and regularly overlapping behind. Near the upper end they become more oblique and less crowded, about 15 to an inch, but overlap strongly. These wings are everywhere evenly rounded out- wardly and more or less crescent-shaped. The axis is white, solid and very calcareous, subcylindrical, with three slight longitudinal grooves, diameter ‘03 of an inch in the middle of the largest speci- mens. The radiating spines of the wings are smooth and sharp at the outer end, longitudinally striated toward the base, which is en- larged to a greater or less extent, flattened, and usually divided by several irregular incisions into unequal lobes. In the largest speci- mens, several of these spines measure respectively 1°57" long by *20™™ wide; 1:47™™ long by -25™™ wide; 1°36™™ long by °18™™ wide. The small spicula among the bases of these and in the ccenenchyma are slender, somewhat prismatic, and acicular; those of average size measure 59™" long by °05™™ thick, but many are smaller than this. The entire diameter of the largest specimen from Panama Bay, from which the above measurements are taken, in the middle portion is 10 of an inch; its length is unknown, both ends being broken off. A nearly perfect specimen from Cape St. Lucas, having much smaller wings and spines, measures 6°8 inches in length; diameter in middle 07; of bulbous base ‘14; length of bulb to commencement of wings (much contracted) 1°30; length, or elevation, of wings ‘08. Color, in alcohol, yellowish white. Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama, dredged in 4 to 6 fathoms,—F. H. Bradley ; Cape St. Lucas,—J. Xantus. Virgularia gracilis Gabb. Virgularia gracilis Gabb, appears to be near the preceding, but no mention is made of spines below the lateral wings, which are said to be acute. It may be a different species or even a different genus. The specific names, gracilis and elongata, were, by a singular coinci- dence, independently given to these forms by Mr. Gabb and myself at about the same time. The following is the original description: “Polypidom long and very slender. Decorticated stem circular or elliptical in section, smooth on the surface. Polypiferous lobes slen- der, exsert, lunate, acute at the tips and broad at the base; arranged obliquely and alternately on the antero-lateral face of the stem. These lobes occupy the upper half of the polypidom; retaining their full size to the extreme apex, but diminishing below, so that on the middle of the stem they are exceedingly minute; and an inch or two below, are only represented by a slight ridge on the sheath, in which Trans. CONNECTICUT ACAD., VOL. I. 49 APRIL, 1868. 384 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. are two or three cells. The lower fourth of the sheath is dilated to about three times the thickness of the rest of the stem. Length 19 inches; diameter of the naked stem ‘03 in.; smallest di- ameter of stem, with the sheath, ‘04 in.; diameter of expanded base 13 in.; length of largest lobes *15 inch. Locality, Bay of Monterey, 20 fathoms. Collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper, of the State Geological Survey. This species can be at once distinguished from V. elongata G, (Proc. Cal. A. N.5., vol. ii, p. 167) by its more slender form, its pro- portionally large polypiferous lobes, its cylindrical stem, without any grooves, and the comparatively smaller portion of the stem bearing the lobes.” Stylatula elongata Verrill. Bulletin Museum Comp. Zodlogy, p. 30, 1864. Virgularia elongata Gabb, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii, p. 167, 1863. This species is larger and stouter than the preceding. The pinne are broader and more overlapping, leaving a naked space between the lateral rows for only a short distance from the base. In the middle twenty of the lateral wings, on each side, occupy aninch, The spines are larger and less numerous. . Near San Francisco, Cal.—A. Agassiz. Sub-Order, GORGONACEA. Family, GorGonip”®. Gorgonia. This genus, which formerly included the entire sub-order, has been repeatedly restricted to narrower limits by successive authors, until in the work of Milne Edwards and Haime* it is limited to those spe- cies allied to G. verrucosa of the Mediterranean. Yet even they, as it now appears, united with it some speciesf allied to MMuricea, ete. Dr. Albert Kolliker, who in a recent work{ has very thoroughly in- vestigated the microscopic structure of the Aleyonaria, reunites with Gorgonia severalof the genera established by Milne Edwards, Valen- ciennes, and others, viz: Rhipidogorgia, Pterogorgia, Xiphigorgia, Hymenogorgia, Phyllogorgia, Phycogorgia, Leptogorgia, Lophogor- gia, and part of Gorgonella. As thus enlarged, the genus Gorgonia of Kdlliker includes all the Gorgonide having a horny axis and thin ceenenchyma, with small and simple spicula. * Histoire naturelle des Coralliaires, 1857, vol. 1, p. 157. + Muricea vatricosa KOll., Thesea exserta D. & M., Echinogorgia arida, ete. t Icones Histiologicxe, oder Atlas der vergleichenden Gewebelehre, ii, Leipzig, 1866, 4to, with xix plates. Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 385 He sub-divides the genus, however, into three groups, as follows: 1. Species having only spindle-shaped spicula. 2. Species having spindles and bracket-shaped spicula (Klammern). 3. Species having spindles, and in a peculiar external layer, singu- lar club-shaped spicula, The last group contains G. verrucosa and closely allied species, and corresponds partly with Gorgonia as restricted by Milne Edwards, It appears to be a very natural and well-defined group, approaching, by its smooth external layer composed of club-shaped spicula, the genus Hunicea. All the ascertained species belong to the Mediter- ranean and African coasts.* The second section is also a natural and clearly defined group, cor- responding to a great extent with Gorgonia and Pterogorgia of Ehrenberg, though a few species of the latter go into the first section (P. sarmentosa and P. petechizans). It imcludes the typical species of Pterogorgia, Xiphigorgia, and Hymenogorgia of Edwards and Haime, and two species of Leptogorgia, as well as the type of Lhi- pidogorgia Val. (R. flabellum). All the species, so far as known to me, are Atlantic, and nearly all are confined to the West Indies and Atlantic coasts of North and South America, not one having yet been found upon the Pacific coast of America. The first section, however, appears to include several natural groups, two of which appear quite as distinct as the two preceding. Among the species enumerated by Dr. Kolliker are several species referred by Edwards and Haime to Gorgonia, Rhipidogorgia, Gorgonella, Lep- togorgia, Pterogorgia, and the typical species of Lophogorgia. The numerous species of Gorgoniv from the west coast of Amer- ica, would all fall into the first of Dr. Kolliker’s sections, but among them there are two well-defined groups, characterized best by pecul- iarities of the spicula, each including numerous species. In the first of these divisions the spicula of the ccenenchyma are mostly small, warty or papillose double-spindlest of two kinds,—a longer and more slender sort, mingled with those that are shorter and thicker. (Litigorgia V.). In the second division there are, in addition to the two forms of double-spindles, a large number of “ double-wheels,” or short spicula * G. papillosa Esper, formerly supposed to be from the East Indies, was collected at the Cape of Good Hope by the United States Exploring Expedition (Coll. Smithsonian Inst. and Yale Museum). + Those spicula having a fusiform shape, more or less pointed at the ends, with a narrower and usually smooth space in the middle, are termed ‘ double-spindles” (Dop- pelspindeln) by Dr. Kélliker. Those without the median constriction are “spindles.” 386 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. with a slender axis, smooth in the middle, but surrounded toward each end with a circular and usually sharp ridge, like a little wheel. These spicula are often broader than long, and then, when seen end- wise, resemble disks or circular beads with an apparent depression or perforation at the centre, owing to the transparency of the axis. In addition to the six species described below, this group includes G. Jusco-purpurea Wolliker, the spicula of which he has well figured (Taf. Xviii, figs. 28-31), and perhaps other described species. (Hugorgia V.). In each of these two groups there are species with virgate, pinnate, bipinnate, and reticulated branches. There are also, in each, species with flat and with prominent cells. It is therefore evident that such ex- ternal characters as the mode of branching and degree of prominence of the cells, cannot be considered as of generic importance, and that such genera as Rhipidogorgia Val. and Leptogorgia Edw., founded only on such characters, are unnatural and heterogeneous groups, which should be dropped from our system of classification. It is probable, however, that more than the two natural groups above described, are included in the first of Dr. Kdolliker’s sections, represented by species that I have not been able to study satisfacto- rily, and among those groups that are most likely to prove distinct types, is that embracing G. palma and allied species, corresponding partly to the genus Lophogorgia Edw. and Haime. The species of Gorgoaine which I have been able to study, may be arranged, in accordance with the above considerations, in the fol- lowing manner: Gorgonia.—Species having spindles in the ccenenchyma, and an external layer of peculiar, small, club-shaped spicula, producing a smooth surface. Type, G. verrucosa L.* (now Hunicella V.—Reprint). Pierogorgiaa—sSpecies having in the ceenenchyma small double- spindles and also crescent or bracket-shaped spicula, nearly smooth on the convex side. Type, P. acerosa Ehr. (now Gorgonia.—Reprint). Hugorgia—Species having longer and shorter double-spindles, and numerous double-wheels; surface decidedly granulous, with naked spicula. Type, & ampla V. * It is not improbable that upon further study this group will be found to belong to the Plenauride, near Eunicea, with which Ehrenberg, indeed, united it. So far as my examinations have gone this appears to me to be more in accordance with its true affin- ities. If this suggestion prove correct, the group should, receive a new generic name, and Gorgonia should be restricted, partially in accordance with Ehrenberg’s work, to the second group (now Pteroyorgia) with G. flabellum as its type, and including, also, the true Plerogorgie ; and in fact these are also the most common and well-known Linnean species. (Later studies having confirmed this view, I have since adopted it, in Am. Jour. Sci., xlviii, p. Nov., 1869.—Reprint). Verrill, Notes on Radiata, 387 Litigorgia.—Species having the two forms of double-spindles and often a few small double-heads; surface somewhat granulous, but less so than in the last. Type, Z. Wlorw V. (now Leptogorgia.——Reprint). Neither of the two groups belonging to the Pacific coast of Amer. ica can be referred to any of the generic divisions defined by Ed- wards and Haime, and if classified by their system, each group would have to be dismembered and distributed among Gorgonia, Leptogor- gia, Pterogorgia, and Rhipidogorgia. Consequently I have thought it necessary to give distinctive names to the two groups already characterized, which I believe to be natu- ral and well defined, and of generic importance, although others may consider them as subgenera merely. But in the present state of the science there appears to be no way to determine whether a certain natural group be a genus or subgenus, except by the arbitrary decis- ions or opinions of writers. Leptogorgia Hdw. and Haime, sens. mod. (Liricore1a, 1st Edition). Leptogorgia (pars), Gorgonia (pars), Pterogorgia (pars), Rhipidogorgia (pars), Gor- gonella (pars), and Lophogorgia Kdw. and Haime, Corall., vol. I.—Reprint. Spicula of the ecwnenchyma mostly small double-spindles of two forms, longer and shorter. Branches usually slender, subdividing in various ways; often reticulated, pinnate, or bipinate. Cells usually prominent, sometimes flat, mostly in lateral rows or bands.* A.—Flabelliform, branches bipinnate or tripinnate, not reticulated. Leptogorgia Flore Verrill. (Liticore1a Fror#, Ist Ed.). Plate V, figure 3; and Plate VI, figure 1. Corallum very much subdivided, forming elegant, fan-shaped tufts. Several slightly flattened, slender, principal branches usually arise from near the base and spread divergently in a single plane. Each of these gives off, at intervals of about a quarter of an inch, very slender, nearly uniform branchlets, which are alternate, or sometimes opposite, and arranged pinnately. Most of these, especially in large specimens, are again pinnate in the same manner, and some of their * Having recently received from Dr. Kolliker the spicula prepared from the original specimens of several of the species of Leptogorgia of Edwards and Haime, including the type (LZ. viminalis), I have ascertained that of the fourteen species referred by them to Leptogorgia, at least five, including the first, belong to the group which I had named Litigorgia. Therefore it seems, on some accounts, best to restore the earlier name, al- though a complete change in the definition and limits of the genus will be necessary. Of their other species, two belong to Echinogorgia, two to Pterogorgia, one apparently to Gorgonella, while three are unknown to me.—Reprint. (See Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 48, p. 325, November, 1869), 388 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. pinne again subdivide, but less regularly. The branchlets are all of nearly uniform size, slender and short, somewhat flattened and en- larged at the ends, which are tridentate. The cellsare very small, but form well marked conical verrucz, arranged in two alternate rows on most of the branchlets, but sometimes forming only single marginal rows on the terminal ones. The front and back sides of the branches are destitute of cells, and on the principal ones usually show a well- marked longitudinal furrow. Color bright red, sometimes tinged with yellowish. Height of the largest specimens 6 inches; breadth 2; diameter of the main branches at base ‘12 of an inch; of the sec- ondary ones 06; of the terminal ones °04; length of the terminal branchlets usually about °35, rarely °75. The spicula are bright red with a few yellow ones intermixed. The longer double-spindles are rather slender, with acute ends, and coy- ered with close warts arranged in about six distinct whorls, besides the terminal clusters; stouter ones smaller, with blunt ends; polyp-spic- ula bright yellow, slender, with few, distant, small warts or papille. The longer double-spindles measure *132™™" by °048™™, °132 by °036, ‘120 by ‘048, °120 by -042, 108 by 048, 108 by -042, -108 by 030; the stouter ones 095 by -042, 084 by -048, 084 by °042, 078 by -036, 060 by °030; the polyp-spicula 108 by -033, 108 by 030, 096 by -024, 072 by ‘018. Panama and Pearl Islands,—F’.. H. Bradley, J. H. Sternbergh. This species resembles, in its mode of branching, Hugorgia Mexi- cana V. and & Daniana V., but is much more slender and delicate, with a smoother surface and denser ccenenchyma, and is very distinct in its spicula, its color is also very different. The spicula resemble closely those of Z. eximia V. but are somewhat more slender with the warts not so close. The external characters are very different. I have named this elegant species in honor of the excellent wife, whose sympathy and encouragement were the chief causes that in- duced me to devote my life to the study of Nature. B.—Flabelliform, the branchlets mostly coalescent and reticulated, the terminal ones free. Leptogorgia Agassizii Verrill. (Liticoreta AGassizil, 1st Ed.). Rhipidogorgia Agassizii (pars) Verrill, Bulletin Mus. Comp. Zool., p. 32, Jan., 1864. Gorgonia Agassizii (pars) Verrill, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., x, p. 327, 1866. Plate V, figure 4. Corallum forming very finely and regularly reticulated fans, usually rounded in outline. Several flattened main branches arise from the large, thickened and very short base and radiate across the fan, sub- dividing so rapidly and regularly that they cannot often be traced Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 389 more than half way across, before becoming lost in the small, even branchlets. These form small, angular meshes, usually about a tenth of an inch across, but often smaller, ordinarily about as high as broad, but sometimes twice as high; at the outer edge the branchlets are free for about an eighth of an inch, with expanded tips, and have a diameter of about ‘05 inch. The cells are small but conspicuous, in the form of small oval openings at the summits of small verrucee. They are thickly scattered over the whole surface of the frond, except upon the large branches and base, where they are few and distant. Color deep red mingled with bright yellow, or red with yellow cells, the relative amount of red and yellow varying. Height of the largest specimen 12 inches; breadth about as much; width of main branches near the base *32; diameter of branchlets ‘04 or -05 of an inch. Spicula deep red and bright yellow; those of the polyps pale am- ber. Most of the spicula are rather short, thick, and blunt, with rel- atively large, crowded warts, and a very narrow median space. The longer spicula are not so blunt as the others, and have smaller and more numerous warts. The longer ones measure ‘120™™ by -048, *110 by "048, 108 by *342, "102 by *054, 084 by 036; the stouter ones 090 by 084, ‘084 by ‘048; the double-heads -048 by -036, 036 by 033; polyp- spicula °060 to ‘084 long by ‘012 to 024. The openings of the cells are from ‘21™™ to °35™™ in diameter. Acapuleo,—A. Agassiz; Cape St. Lucas,—J. Xantus; La Paz,—J. Pedersen. Leptogorgia media Verrill. (LiricorGiA MepIA, 1st Ed.). Rhipidogorgia media Verrill, Bulletin M. C. Z., p. 33, Jan., 1864. Gorgonia media Verrill, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., x, p. 327, 1865. Corallum regularly reticulated throughout, with larger meshes, form- ing broad fans, often higher than wide, and frequently lobed and more or less subdivided, strengthened by large midribs. Several principal branches, which are large and compressed, arise from near the base and pass divergently through the greater part of the breadth of the frond. The branchlets are round and small, and nearly all coalescent, except the short terminal ones, forming meshes that are mostly nearly square and usually ‘20 of an inch in diameter, but often not more than 12, and sometimes up to ‘80 in height, with the width 20. The branchlets are from ‘06 to ‘08 of an inch in diameter, The cells form very small verrucse, with oval opening about ‘005 in diameter. The largest specimens are about 15 inches high and 12 broad. Color red or brownish, often tinged with yellow, especially on the midribs, Spicula very small and blunt, bright red and deep yellow intermin- 390 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. gled. Longer double-spindles covered with numerous, close warts, with a narrow but well defined median space, the ends blunt; stouter ones nearly as large and with similar warts. The longer double-spin- dles measure *102™" by :042™", 096 by *042, 084 by 042, -084 by 036; the stouter ones ‘084 by -048, :072 by -042, -072 by 036, :060 by 036, 048 by 024; the polyp-spicula 060 to 084 by -018 to 024. Acapuleo,—A. Agassiz; Cape St. Lucas,—J. Xantus; La Paz,— Maj. Wm. Rich; San Salvador,—Capt. J. M. Dow; Corinto, Nicara- gua,—J. A. McNiel; La Paz,—J. Pedersen. This species resembles L. Agassizii more than any other species. Leptogorgia eximia Verrill. (Limigoreia Exit, Ist Ed.). Plate V, figure 20. Plate VI, figure 2. Frond broad and rounded, composed of slender, round branches, which are openly riticulated throughout, except the short terminal branchlets at the edges. There is no distinct midrib, all the branches being nearly uniform in size, except very near the base, which rapidly subdivides into a large number of nearly equal primary branches, not distinct from the secondary. Occasionally secondary fronds start out from the sides of the frond, and one specimen has irregular, crooked, simple branchlets, arising from the sides, with a hollow axis, apparent- ly the habitations of some parasite. The reticulations are quite irregular in size and form, frequently squarish or rhomboidal, from *20 to °25 of an inch across, but more commonly with about the same width and three or four times higher than wide. Many short free branchlets often project into the larger meshes. The terminal branchlets are sometimes free for an inch, but usually much less. The cells are small and usually closely arranged on all sides, forming small, rounded verrucez, which are slightly prom- inent. Color bright red or vermilion. The largest specimens are about 10 inches high and broad; diameter of branchlets °06. Spicula bright red, with a few light yellow ones; those of the polyps light yellow. The longer double-spindles rapidly taper to the acute ends, and are covered with rather large warts, which are not crowded ; stouter ones much smaller, blunt at the ends, with fewer and more crowded warts. Polyp-spicula very slender, with few distant warts. The longer double-spindles measure °138"™ by -060, °132 by °054, °132 by 048, 120 by 054, "108 by -048; the stouter ones ‘108 by °054, 090 by *048, 060 by °030; double-heads -060 by °048, 7038 by °036; polyp-spicula 072 to ‘120 by °012 to 024. Pearl Islands, 6 to 8 fathoms, by divers,—F. H. Bradley. Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 391 This beautiful species resembles in its reticulations Z. media V., but the meshes are usually larger and the coral has a more open and flex- ible appearance. It also differs, in all the specimens seen, in having no distinct midribs or large branches. The spicula are quite distinct, and resemble those of Z. # lore much more closely. Leptogorgia Adamsii Verrill. (Liticorcia Apamsn, Ist Ed.). Rhipidogorgia Agassizti (pars) Verrill, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zéol., p. 32, 1864; Proc. Bost. Soc. Natural History, x, p. 327, 1866. Rhipidogorgia ventalina Duch. and Mich., Supplement aux Mem. sur Coralliaries des Antilles, 1864, p. 20, Tab. iv, fig. 3, (non G@. ventalina Linn., Pallas, Esper, ete., nec R. ventalina Kdw. and Haime). Gorgonia (Litigorgia) Adamsi Verrill, Am. Jour. Sci., xlv, p. 415, May, 1868. Plate V, figure 5. Plate VI, figure 4. Corallum forming large, broad, rounded fans, with very small reticulations. Very young specimens, with fronds one to four inches across, usually have a rounded outline, nearly as high as broad, often very regular and almost circular, and in this stage have a few prin- cipal branches, radiating from close to the base, scarcely compressed, and traceable about half way across the frond, but often for not more than a fourth of the breadth. The branchlets are all very slender and uniform in size throughout, producing, by their fine, regular reticula- tions, a very elegant effect. The terminal branchlets are free and usually project about a tenth of an inch. The reticulations are mostly square or polygonal, sometimes rounded, and average ‘06 to ‘10 of an inch across, andsthe branchlets are ordinarily about ‘03 in diameter, but often less. Adult specimens have large, slightly compressed principal branches, which arise from near the base, and diverging through the frond, throw off large secondary branches which spread often at nearly right angles. Sometimes these coalesce, forming large, somewhat quad- rangular areas, two or three inches across, and filled, like the rest of the frond, with fine reticulations. Occasionally secondary fronds arise from the sides and spread at right angles, other secondary fronds occasionally appear, like nearly circular rosettes, attached only by the centre to the side of the primary frond. The largest specimens are 20 to 22 inches high, and 20 to 25 broad ; the large branches ‘3 to ‘4 thick; the trunk at base 1 inch to 1°5. Color light purple, usually with the terminal branchlets light yel- low, sometimes yellowish over the whole surface. In life, one speci- men was “ bright crimson, polyps deep orange,”—F. H. B. Spicula light purple and yellow, sometimes the same spiculum has TRANS. Connecticut AcAD., Vol. I. 50 JUNE, 1868. 392 Verrill, Notes on Radiata, its opposite ends of these two colors. Longer double-spindles with slender and acute ends, the warts rough and not very close, though more so than in L. exxmia V.; the warts nearest the narrow median space are considerably largest. The stouter ones are much smaller, and also acute. Polyp-spicula light amber, very slender. With the larger spicula are many small, short ones, with only a single wreath of warts at each end. The longer spicula are *156™™ by ‘036, "156 by 048, -120 by -036, 132 by 042; stouter ones 096 by -048, 072 by -036; the smaller 048 by °024. Panama,—C. B. Adams, J. H. Sternbergh, F. H. Bradley; Pearl Islands, 6 to 8 fathoms by divers, large; and Zorritos, Peru,—F’. H. Bradley ; Punta Arenas and Corinto, Nic..—J. A. McNiel. This is, when well grown and perfect, a very elegant and beautiful species. The reticulations are of about the same size as those of ZL. Agassizii, but the branchlets are more slender and the cells smaller. The character of the midribs is also different, but the best characters for distinguishing them are found in the forms and structure of the spicula, which are very different in the two species. It has some re- semblance in form and color to Pterogorgia flabellum of the West In- dies, but the spicula separate them generically. T have dedicated this to the memory of the lamented Prof. C. B. Adams, who was, perhaps, the first to bring it to this country. His specimens are in the musenm of Amherst College. Leptogorgia rutila Verrill. (Liticoreia ADAMSH, VAR. RUTILA, 1st Ed.). Rhipidogorgia Agassizti (pars) Verrill, op. cit., p. 32. Plate VI, figure 5. The specimens from Acapulco are bright light red in color (between minium and vermillion) and differ in several other respects. The branches are not so slender and the reticulations are smaller and more regular, the cells also are more crowded, prominent, and distinctly bilobed. In these external characters it resembles LZ. Agassézii, but the cells are not quite so large and the branchlets more slender. The axis is amber-color and translucent in the branches. The spicula are mostly light red, variable in size and shape, mostly rather slender. Long double-spindles rather slender and acute, with a wide median space; each end has three or four whorls of warts, those next to the median space considerably largest, the others diminishing to the ends. Stouter double-spindles about as thick but shorter, blunt, mostly with but two whorls at each end, the inner ones much the Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 393 largest, the outer ones close to the ends; median space rather wide. There are numerous much smaller spicula, with a well marked median space, and a whorl of warts on each end, which are more or less con- fused with a cluster of terminal warts. Sometimes the terminal warts form a small terminal whorl. Polyp-spicula light red, slender, acute, slightly papillose. The long double-spindles measure *156™™ by :048, °121 by °048, *144 by °042, (103 by 030; the stouter ones ‘090 by *042, ‘078 by 042, 072 by 036; the small ones -054 by °028, -048 by °024, 036 by °024. C.—Flabelliform, loosely and coarsely reticulated; terminal branchlets free. Cells flat or but slightly raised. Leptogorgia stenobrochis Verrill. (Liticora1a srenosrocuis, 1st ed.). Gorgonia stenobrochis Val.,* Voyage de la Vénus, pl. 12, fig. 1, 12. Rhipidogorgia stenobrachis Val.; Kdwards and Haime, Corall., i, p. 176, 1858; Verrill, Bulletin M. C. Z., p. 32; and Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., x, p. 327. (Misspelled.) R. Englemanni Horn, Proc. Phil. Acad., 1860, p. 233. (Perhaps distinct). Gorgonia (Eugorgia) stenobrachis Verrill, Am. Jour. Sci, xlv, p. 414, May, 1868. Corallum forming large, openly reticulated fans, with stout, sub- parallel, upright branches, and long, oblong or rectangular meshes. In young specimens the trunk is divided close to the base into two or more principal branches, which give off irregularly numerous bran- ches of nearly the same size, so that the main branches very soon blend with the others and can be traced only fora short distance. The secondary branches and the branchlets start out nearly at right angles, and then suddenly bend upright and become parallel with the preced- ing branches. The cross branchlets project nearly at right angles, connecting the branches together at intervals varying from ‘5 to 2 inches, so that the meshes have openings of these lengths, and about ‘20 to 25 wide. The terminal branches are of about the same size as the other branches and free for the distance of one or two inches. The branches and branchlets are often nearly round, at other times compressed in the plane of the frond, or even at right angles to it. The cells are small, very numerous, arranged closely in many rows along each side of the branches and branchlets, but nearly covering the latter. They are mostly flat, but occasionally the borders are slightly raised. Median naked space well marked and often having strong longitudinal furrows. Color dull yellow, often tinged with purple, frequently stained dark umber-brown in drying. In life, “ brownish yellow to faint salmon, polyps light yellow,”—F. H. B. * The locality given (New Zealand) is probably an error. Spicula of the original type agree well with the ordinary forms.—Reprint. 394 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. Height of the largest specimens about 2 feet; breadth about the same; diameter of branchlets 15 of an inch. The spicula are reddish purple and light yellow intermingled, both colors sometimes occurring on one spiculum. Long double-spindles somewhat slender, acute at the ends, with a rather wide median space; warts distant, forming about three whorls around each end, those next the middle much the largest. Shorter double-spindles thick and blunt, with a wide median space, on each side of which there is a whorl of large thorny warts; beyond these is a small wreath of much smaller warts, close to the ends, and often confused with the terminal cluster of few small warts. In addition to these there are many much small- er double-spindles, with two well separated whorls of small warts on each end, one of which is nearly terminal and much the smallest. The long double-spindles measure *121"™ by °036, and ‘108 by °036 ; the stouter double-spindles *384 by 048, 072 by ‘048, ‘061 by ‘048, and 084 by 042; the small ones -036 by °024. Zorritos, Peru; Panama; and Pearl Islands, in 6 to 8 fathoms, by divers, large,—F. H. Bradley ; Panama,—J. H. Sternbergh, A. Agas- siz; Corinto and Punta Arenas,—J. A. McNiel; San Salvador,—Capt. J. M. Dow; Acapulco,—A. Agassiz. * Leptogorgia stenobrochis, var. Englemanni. (Livicores, 1st Ed). The original specimen, described by Mr. Horn, and others from Aca- pulco and Panama differ slightly from the ordinary forms from Panama in having smaller and usually less elongated reticulations. The branch- es are also more compressed and in some specimens thicker, though not constantly so. The cells are very numerous, thickly scattered over the whole surface of the branches, but sometimes leaving a narrow median space. They are oblong and slightly prominent. The color is reddish brown, yellowish brown, or dull brownish yel- low tinged with reddish. The spicula are light yellow and deep red intermingled, and agree nearly with those of the ordinary variety in form, but are smaller. D.—Imperfectly flabelliform, the branches pinnate or imperfectly bipinnate, not reticula- ted; branchlets rather short. Cells somewhat prominent. Leptogorgia ramulus Verrill. (Liticorei1a ramunus, 1st Ed.). Gorgonia ramulus Val., Comptes-rendus, t. xli, p. 12; Edwards et H., Coralliaries, i, p. 160, 1857; Verrill, Bulletin M. C. Z., p. 38; Proceedings Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., x, p. 326, 1866. Gorgonia humilis Verrill, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 6, 1864, (non Dana). ? Lophogorgia Panamensis Duch. and Mich., Supl. Corall. des Antilles, p. 19, Tab. iv, fig. 1, 1864, (the red variety). Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 395 Corallum very branching, often in the form of a densely branched shrub or bush, but frequently, especially when young, more or less fla- belliform. The base is usually large and spreading, and quite fre- quently several distinct trunks arise from the same base, forming a thick clump. The trunk is very short and soon divides into several large, divergent branches, which are nearly round, but sometimes a little flattened, often more or less crooked, and give off from their sides, at distances of about a fourth of an inch apart, numerous short, irregular, crooked, and nearly quadrangular branchlets. Many of these become longer and larger than the rest, and again subdivide in the same way. The ultimate branchlets are usually about ‘08 of an inch in diameter, and from half an inch to an inch long, but occasion- ally 2 inches. The terminal branchlets are mostly somewhat acute at the ends. The cells form small rounded verrucz, which are quite prom- inent and closely arranged in two series on each side of the branches, giving them a quadrangular appearance. On the larger branches the verruce are more scattered and irregularly arranged. The openings are mostly on the upper side of the verrucze, and laterally compressed. The branches and most of the branchlets have, along the naked me- dian space, a well-marked longitudinal furrow, in which there is usu- ally a slender longitudinal ridge. The axis is light wood-color at the base, blackish in the main branches, slender and light wood-brown in the branchlets. The ccenenchyma is almost always either uniformly greyish white or deep purplish red, but occasionally pink specimens occur. One specimen has the lower branches and base white, the mid- dle part of the trunk and the branches arising from it purplish red, and the upper part of the trunk and terminal branches white, showing conclusively that the white and red specimens are all one species. A large specimen of the red variety is 8 inches high and 16 broad, with the main branches ‘15 in diameter; another is 13 inches high and 10 broad, with the main branches ‘22 in diameter. Most specimens do not exceed 6 inches in height and about the same in breadth. Small dwarfed specimens sometimes occur that are 3 or 4 inches high, with the main branches ‘08, and the branchlets ‘05 of an inch in diameter, but agreeing in other respects with the ordinary forms. The spicula in the white variety are all white; in the red variety light purple, the polyp-spicula bright yellow. The long double- spindles are but little longer than the others, not very acute at the ends, thickly covered with distinctly separated, large, warty tubercles, axis small. The stouter double-spindles are more blunt and more closely covered with warts, which are still separate. Polyp-spindles 396 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. slender, distantly papillose. The longer double-spindles measure ‘108™™ by -042™", +102 by +042, 096 by -036, 090 by -042, 084 by 036; the stouter ones 084 by -048, 078 by 036, 072 by :042. Panama and Pearl Islands.—F. H. Bradley ; Panama,—J. H. Stern- bergh; Zorritos, Peru,—F. H. Bradley; Acapuleo,—A. Agassiz; (?) Cape St. Lucas,—J. Xantus; San Salvador,—Capt. J. M. Dow; Corinto,—J. A. McNiel. The two very distinct colors assumed by this species are Somewhat remarkable and may serve to divide it conveniently into two varieties: Ist, the ordinary white form; 2nd, the red variety. But as shown above these colors may be found on a single specimen, and are not accompanied by any other constant differences. The red variety is possibly the form described as Lophogorgia Panamensis by Du- chassaing and Michelotti, but does not agree well with their figure. Their brief and very imperfect diagnosis is as follows: “ Ramosa, ramis distinctis sub-compressis, majoribus 4, minoribus 2 millimetris latis, colore rubro. In insula Flamenco, prope Panama.” All the specimens from Zorritos are of the red variety, and agree well with those of Panama, except that they are mostly somewhat smaller and more slender. The specimens from Acapulco and Cape St. Lucas differ considerably in appearance from those of Panama. The bra»chlets are shorter and thicker, length ‘2 to ‘5 of an inch, thickness °08, often somewhat clavate. Cells nearly uniformly distributed on all sides of the branchlets, smaller and less prominent, distinctly bilobed. Color deep red, some of the spicula bright yellow. This may possibly prove to be a distinct spe- cies when a good series can be examined. The specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, formerly described as Gorgonia humilis, and supposed to have come from Charleston, 8. C., appear to be identical with specimens from Panama. The former locality is probably altogether erroneous. Leptogorgia pumila Verrill, sp. nov. (LiTIGORGIA PUMILA, 1st Ed.). Plate V, figure 8. Corallum low, densely branched, imperfectly flabelliform, a few of the branchlets coalescent, forming irregular, coarse reticulations. Several crooked principal branches arise near the base and subdivide in an irregularly pinnate manner, the branchlets being about a fourth of an inch apart and from a fourth to one inch long. These are rather thick, rounded, quadrangular, mostly curved, and spread at a wide angle. The cells form small, rounded verruce, which are but little prominent and not crowded, alternating in two rows along each side Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 397 of the branches. The largest specimen is 5 inches high and the same in breadth; diameter of the main branches ‘15; of the branchlets °08. Color bright red, the surface sometimes fading to yellowish red. The spicula are mostly light purplish red, mixed with a few light yellow ones; polyp-spindles light amber-color. The longer double- spindles resemble those of the preceding species, but are relatively larger and more acute. They are closely covered with large warts, with a rather wide median space. The stouter double-spindles are similar, but blunter at the ends; with them are many small, white double-spindles with only one wreath of warts near the ends. The longer double-spindles are *138™" by ‘048, "132 by 054, 120 by ‘048, 120 by 042, 114 by -039; stouter ones ‘132 by ‘060, 108 by ‘048, "102 by ‘048, 096 by ‘054, ‘084 by 042. Zorritos, Peru,—F. H. Bradley. This species is allied to the last, and branches in a similar manner, but has thicker branchlets, with larger and more widely separated verruce, which are less prominent and open outward. The branchlets are scareely quadrangular, the spicula different in form, and the coa- lescence of the branches, common in this, is very rare in LZ. ramulus. Leptogorgia diffusa Verrill, sp. nov. (Liticorera prrrusa, 1st Ed.). Plate V, figure 6. Plate VI, figure 3. Corallum loosely ramose, the branchlets subpinnate, producing an open, shrub-like form. The trunk divides near the base, in the orig- inal specimen, into two main branches and these again fork. The branches give off pinnately, at distances of half an inch to an inch apart, slender branchlets, which are flattened and spread at nearly right angles, varying in length from a quarter inch to three inches before subdividing, as some of them do, into secondary pinne. The main branches are round, but the branchlets are much compressed and slender. The cells form rather large verruce, which are enlarged at base and quite prominent, not crowded, and arranged in two alterna- ting rows on each side of the main branches, but in only one row on each edge of the branchlets, which therefore appear serrate on account of the broad-based cells. There is a very distinct sulcus on the larger branches. The specimen is 5 inches high and 6 broad; diameter of the main branches *10; width of branchlets 06. Color bright red. The spicula are all bright red, resembling those of Z. ramulus, but larger and relatively stouter. The longer double-spindles are long, covered with large papillz or warts, those next to the median space largest. Stouter double-spindles decidedly blunt, closely covered by large, rounded, rough warts. Polyp-spicula slender, bright yellow.. 398 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. The longer spicula are -144™™ by 042, -132 by °054, °120 by -054, 108 by 048; stouter ones 114 by °054, 084 by -048, 072 by -054; polyp- spicula “180 by 036, "144 by -030, °114 by -024. Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama,—F. H. Bradley; Gulf of Nicoya, by divers, larger,—J. A. MecNiel. Readily distinguished by its lax branches, and distant, slender, flattened branchlets, serrated by the distant, uniserial verruce. Leptogorgia Californica Verrill, sp. nov. (Litigorcia CALirornica, Ist Ed.). Plate V, figure 10. Corallum somewhat flabelliform, low, subpinnately branched, the branchlets ascending, not coalescent. The branchlets are nearly round and usually curve outward at first. They are from 1 to 2 inches long, before branching, and from ‘08 to 10 thick. Cells flat, scarcely rising above the general surface, arranged in about three rows along each side of the branchlets. The apertures in contraction often appear stellate. The naked median region is quite narrow. Color reddish purple, often with a narrow yellow streak along the centre of the median space. Height 4 to 6 inches. The spicula are mostly reddish purple, some are half yellow, others entirely so. The longer double-spindles are slender, scarcely acute, with a wide median space, which is bordered by two whorls of large, rough, distant warts. Close to each end and distant from the preced- ing, there is a much smaller whorl of small warts, while the ends ter- minate with two or three similar small warts. Stouter double-spindles thick and blunt, with two wreaths of warts on each end, closely crowded together, those next the narrow median space much the larg- est. Polyp-spicula slender, light yellow, with few, small, distant papille. Compound cross-shaped spicula occasionally occur, which have short blunt rays, with rough, irregular warts. The longer double- spindles measure ‘108 by ‘048™™, 090 by -042, ‘084 by 040, -084 by ‘036; 096 by °036; stouter double-spindles 096 by -048, ‘072 by ‘036, 078 by -042, ‘084 by 048; the crosses 072 by 066, and ‘054 by ‘048. Cape St. Lucas,—J. Xantus; Margarita Bay,—A. Garret. E.— The terminal branchlets slender and elongated. Cells scarcely prominent. Leptogorgia alba Verrill. (Limigoraia Levis, 1st Ed.). ? Lophogorgia alba Duch. and Mich., op. cit., p. 19, Tab. rv, fig. 2, 1864 (non Gorgonia alba Lam.). Gorgonia rigida, var. levis Verrill, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., x, p. 827, 1866. Plate V, figure 7. Corallum flabelliform, with long, slender, virgate, somewhat. fasci- culated branchlets. The trunk is small, often nearly round, sometimes Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 399 ’ compressed, and has a small, thin base. It soon gives off from each side, in a somewhat pinnate manner, several main branches, nearly as large as itself. Those nearest the base are usually about a quarter of an inch apart, and spread at a large angle; those higher up are more distant and curving outward at the base afterwards bend upward. The branches subdivide in a similar manner, and some of the branch- lets again subdivide. The smaller branches and branchlets are of about the same size and all have a tendency to become parallel by bending upward. The terminal branchlets are from 1 to 5 inches long without subdivisions, but mostly 2 or 3 inches long in ordinary Specimens, with a diameter of about ‘05, but often smaller. The cells are often perfectly flat, but usually form small, slightly prominent verrucee, with a small oblong opening. They are not crowded and arranged alternately in two rows on each side of the branchlets, but on the large branches they become more crowded and often form four rows on each side. The axis is slender, light-wood color at the base, dark brown in the branches, yellowish and setiform in the branchlets. Ccenenchyma thin. The largest specimens are about 12 inches high and 15 broad, with the trunk and main branches *10 and 12 in diameter. Ordinary specimens are about 4 to 6 inches high and broad, Dwarf specimens occur in which the trunk is only °05 in diam - eter, and the branchlets -03. The specimens in all cases appear to be white; the colored forms, referred to it formerly, prove to be a dis- tinct species (Hugorgia Bradieyi). In life, “the stem is very light pink, heads deep pink, polyps transparent,”—F. H. B. The spicula are white, resembling those of Z. ramulus, but longer and more acute, with the papillz less crowded. The longer double- Spindles are variable in size, some of them being °138™" by -048™™, 144 by °036, *120 by °048, and *168 by :060; the stouter double-spin- dles -108 by -060, and -102 by ‘048; some of the small ones are ‘048 by °024, and many are still smaller. Panama and Pearl Islands,—F. H. Bradley; Gulf of Nicoya and Corinto,—J. A. McNiel; San Salvador,—Capt. J. M. Dow. This species resembles in form Hugorgia Bradleyi, from which, by its color and very different spicula, it may be readily distinguished. In color it is like the white variety of Z. ramulus, but differs in its mode of branching, in its long, slender, rounded branchlets, and less prominent cells. — Whether the Lophogorgia alba Duch. and Mich. be this species or the white variety of G. ramulus, lam unable to determine with cer- tainty, but have referred it to this mainly on account of the size of TRANS. CoNNECTICUT ACAD., VOL. I. 51 JULY, 1868. 400 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. the branches. Their brief diagnosis is as follows: “Ramosa, venta- lina, alba, calycibus prominulis, sparsis. Hab. prope Panama.” “Height 10 centim., branches all, as well as trunk, 2 mill. broad.” The name, aba, was used by Lamarck for a “ Gorgonia,” of which the generic affinities are still unknown,* and, therefore, cannot with propriety be used for this, even if it was intended for the present species. Esper also gave the name, Gorgonia palma, var. alba, to a form which proves to be distinct from his G. palma. Leptogorgia flexilis Verrill, sp. nov. (Livicore1a rrexiuis, 1st Ed.). Plate V, figure 11. Corallum when young flabelliform, with slender, elongated, erect branches; when large scarcely flabelliform, often bushy or fascic- ulated, with long, slender, drooping branches. The trunk gives off at distances varying from a quarter inch to an inch, alternately from each side, large primary branches, some of which are often nearly as large as the main stem. These arise mostly at an acute angle and give off secondary branches in the same way, but at greater dista ces, mostly 1 or 2 inches. These branches again subdivide, giving off in asubpinnate, often secund manner, a few very long, round, slender, nearly parallel branchlets, nearly as large as themselves, and from 10 to 12 inches in length without subdivisions. These diminish very gradually toward the ends and in full grown specimens droop some- what like the branches of the weeping-willow. Possibly, however, this may not be the case while living. The trunk and main branches are frequently somewhat compressed, but often round, and are marked by several strong longitudinal grooves. The cells are broad-oval, rather large for the genus, not prominent, usually open, arranged upon the branchlets in four or five irregular longitudinal rows on each side, leaving very narrow, naked median spaces; on the larger branches they form two broad lateral bands, made up of many rows. They are not crowded, the spaces between them being mostly three or four times their own diameters. Color dull reddish brown, uniform throughout. Height of largest specimen about 2 feet; breadth 10 inches; diameter of trunk -25; of main branches ‘15 to -20; of branchlets at origin ‘10 to °12; near tips 704 to 08; of cells °015. A Panama specimen, owing doubtless to an unfavorable location, * Dr. Koélliker has sent spicula from the original type, which indicate that it is a Plexaura, therefore I have adopted alba for this—Reprint. Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 401 grew in an oblique or creeping position, the branches being nearly all secund and crooked, and the branchlets much shorter and erect. The spicula include several forms and sizes of double-spindles. The larger double-spindles are slender and acute, with a wide median space; each end with three or four whorls of well separated, nearly simple warts; the whorl next to the median space is largest, the others diminishing regularly to the ends. Stouter double-spindles much shorter and thicker, blunt at the ends, of several sizes; largest ones with a wide median space bordered by whorls of large rough warts; beyond these, and close to the warty end, there is a much smaller whorl, with small crowded warts; the shortest ones have the two whorls on each half and the terminal cluster of warts crowded together into a sort of rounded triangular head; some very small ones have the second whorl well separated from the median and close to the end. Other small spicula, approaching the form of double- heads, have a very narrow median space bordered by close whorls of very small, crowded, rough warts, which are confused with the ter- minal cluster; in an end view the whorls show four or five close warts. Cross-shaped spicula occasionally occur, which have four nearly equal, club-shaped arms, covered with rough warts. The longer double- spindles measure *102™™" by °036™™, 096 by °042, 096 by 036, :090 by 042, 084 by °036; the stouter ones ‘078 by ‘042, 072 by °036, -066 by -042, 066 by -039, 060 by -036, 054 by ‘031, 048 by ‘030, -036 by 030; the crosses ‘060 by ‘048. Panama and Pearl Islands, 6 to 8 fathoms, by divers, large,—F. H. Bradley ; San Salvador,—Capt. J. M. Dow. The spicula, though much smaller, resemble most those of L. rigi- da and LL. cuspidata, from which it differs in the length and slender- ness of the branchlets, ete. When young it branches much like Z. alba. F.—Imperfectly flabelliform. Branches free, rather stout, rigid when dry. Ter- minal branchlets elongated. Cells in lateral bands, flat or slightly prominent. Leptogorgia rigida Verrill. (Liticoreta riema, 1st Ed.). Plate V, figure 9. Leptogorgia rigida (pars) Verrill, Bulletin M. C. Z., p. 32, 1864. Gorgonia rigida (pars) Verrill, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. x, p. 327, 1866. Gorgonia (Eugorgia) rigida Verrill, Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 45, p. 414, May, 1868. Corallum scarcely flabelliform, except when young. Trunk dividing very near the base into several stout branches, which are often strongly sulcated and much compressed. These give off, in a more or less 402 Verrill, Notes on Radiata secund manner, at distances of a quarter inch to an inch, somewhat smaller secondary branches, most of which again subdivide. The branches and branchlets mostly arise obliquely, at an acute angle, but occasionally curve outward somewhat at the base. The branchlets are from one to five inches long without subdivision, rather stout, rigid when dr, irregularly compressed, often crooked, and scarcely taper toward the ends, which are often even somewhat enlarged and blunt. The cells are oval, a little prominent, rather large for the genus, and arranged in quincunx, about three or four times their own diameter apart on the branchlets, in four to six longitudinal rows, forming broad, somewhat prominent lateral bands of verruce. On the lar»e branches the cells are in many more rows forming broad lateral b-nds; sometimes, on the same specimen, part of the cells are prominent, while the rest are flat. The median spaces are distinct throughout, with a median groove that often becomes wide and con- spicuous on the larger branches. Color deep bluish purple, or violaceous, occasionally reddish pur- ple, sometimes with streaks of yellow, or with yellowish surface. Height of largest specimen about 15 inches; breadth 10; diameter of main branches ‘18 to *25; of secondary ‘12 to ‘15; of branchlets ‘10 to ‘12; breadth of verruce ‘04; openings of cells -02. Spicula of several sizes and forms, with many intermediate, all deep purplish red in the typical variety. Longer double-spindles thick and stout, regularly tapering to the somewhat acute ends; with a narrow median space; each end with three or four crowded whorls of rough irregular warts, those next to the median space much the largest, the others rapidly decreasing to the ends. Other more slen- dor forms occur, with distant warts and a wide median space, and having only two whorls of warts on each half, the ends acute. The shorter double-spindles are short, thick, blunt, with a wide median space, which is bordered by prominent wreaths of large rough warts, another much smaller whorl of warts is placed just outside of each of these, and close to the ends. Many small, short double- spindles occur, which have only a single wreath of warts on each side of the median space, with a small cluster terminating each end. Occa- sionally compound cross-shaped spicula oceur, which have the four rays about equal, short, blunt, closely covered with rough warts. Longer double spindles measure °132™" by °036™™, "132 by °048, 126 by -048, °120 by -042, "114 by *048, -108 by -042, 095 by -036; stouter double-spindles *120 by :060, -095 by -048, °090 by -048, -078 by °048, 072 by *048, 060 by -048, 054 by 048; the small ones 048 by -030, .042 by °024. Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 408 Cape St. Lucas,—J. Xantus; Acapulco,—A. Agassiz; San Salva- dor,—Capt. J. M. Dow; La Paz,—J. Pedersen. This species and the next approach Lophogorgia palma E. and H. in the character of the spicula, more nearly than do any of our other species of Leptogorgia. The existence of numerous small, short, double- brinellee: with but two whorls of warts, gives the spicula of éitede Species an appearance quite different from those of the more typical species of Leptogorgia, but similar spicula occur in Z. stenobrochis, and, to a less extent, in severa! other species. Leptogorgia cuspidata Verrill. (Liticorera cuspmata, Ist Ed.). Leptogorgia cuspidata Verrill, Proc. Essex Inst., iv, p. 186, 1865. Gorgonia (Eugorgia) cuspidata Verrill, Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 45, p. 414, May, 1868. Corallum broad, sub-flabelliform, irregularly branching nearly in one plane. The trunk divides near the base into several principal branches, which subdivide in an irregularly dichotomous manner, forming a somewhat fasciculated clump; sometimes the branches are subpinnate. Branchlets moderately elongated, thick, rigid, nearly straight, tapering to the ends. Cells numerous, rather large, rounded , covering the surface of the branchlets, except along a narrow median space on each side. Longitudinal grooves scarcely distinct, except near the base. Color deep purple, the cells surrounded by bright yellow, and the median space sometimes streaked with yellow. Height about 6 inches; breadth about the same; length of branch- lets 1 to 3 inches; diameter ‘10 to °13. A specimen from Cape St. Lucas, referred with doubt to this, resem- bles Z. rigida in its subpinnate mode of branching. The branchlets are from ‘75 to 1 inch long, and ‘12 in diameter, and less cuspidate than in the typical form. As I have not had an opportunity to examine the spicula of the original specimen, I add a description of those from this doubtful variety, which may, perhaps, belong rather with Z. rigida. Spicula of various forms and sizes, deep red and bright yellow ming- led. Longer double-spindles large, with acute ends, median space rather wide, warts well separated, forming 3 or 4 whorls on each end, the whorl next to the median space much the largest, consisting of large, ragged warts; the others diminish toward the ends, the last warts becoming very small and simple. Stouter double-spindles thick and blunt, with a deeply sunken median space, bordered by whorls of large, crowded, rough, compound warts; outside of these, but close to them, there is a whorl of much smaller warts on each end, and usu- ally another subterminal whorl of very small simple warts. Many 404 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. small, short spicula have the form of double-heads, with a well-defined median space, and two closely crowded whorls of small warts on each end. Cross-shaped spicula occasionally occur, having acute points, with well-separated rough warts. The longer double-spindles measure -144™™ by ‘042, 132 by ‘048, "120 by -048, *120 by °042, -114 by 054; the stouter ones 096 by °052, 090 by °054, 078 by -054, 078 by -042, 072 by °639; the double- heads 048 by 033, 054 by °036, 042 by -024. The specimens from Zorritos belong to this variety but are dwarfed. Height 3 or 4 inches, branchlets ‘25 to °75 long, 08 in diameter. Color purple, with the surface streaked and stained with yellow. Spicula much like those of the specimen described above. Cape St. Lucas,—J. Xantus; Acapulco,—A. Agassiz; Corinto,—J. A. MeNiel; Zorritos, Peru,—F. H. Bradley. This species is closely allied to ZL. rigida, yet the typical specimens from Cape St. Lucas have a very different appearance, due mainly to the larger, straight, cuspidate branchlets, and the peculiar color, which is seen, however, to a less extent in some specimens of L rigida. Possibly it may ultimately prove to be only a variety of that species, when a larger series of specimens can be examined. Owing to the doubtful affinities of the peculiar specimen from which the spicula above described were taken, no reliable conclusions can, as yet, be based upon the slight differences observed in the spicula. Leptogorgia Caryi Verrill. (LitrgoRGIA FuCcOsA, Ist Ed.). Plexaura fucosa Verrill, Bulletin M. C. Z., p. 45, (non Val.). Corallum dichotomous, subdividing some distance above the base. Terminal branches stout, two to four inches long, as large as the main stem, nearly round. Cells very little raised, scattered on all sides of the branchlets. Color bright orange-red. Spicula yellowish red. Longer double-spindles rather stout, scarcely acute, with a wide median space; two or three whorls of large, com- pound, rough warts on each end, those nearest the middle much the largest. Stouter double-spindles short and blunt, with a wide median space, each end with two or three crowded and usually somewhat confused whorls of large rough warts, forming a large terminal cluster. Some approach the form of double-heads, with a narrow median space and a large cluster of closely crowded warts on each end. Other “heads ” are shorter, lack the median space, and are entirely covered with crowded warts. Crosses, with four short, roughly warted branches frequently occur. Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 405 The longer double-spindles measure *150™" by ‘060™™, 144 by ‘066, 144 by 060, 132 by 054; stouter double-spindles 120 by ‘060, “114 by °054; double-heads 156 by 078, +144 by ‘071, :120 by 060, +114 by 066; heads 126 by -060, ‘114 by -060, ‘072 by ‘048; crosses 144 by *120, 120 by -078, 096 by ‘084, ‘084 by ‘072. California,—Maj. Wm. Rich; near San Francisco,—T. G. Cary, (Coll. Mus. Comp. Zodlogy). The original description (of G. fucosa) is so imperfect as to render the identity of the later specimens with it somewhat uncertain.* G.— Densely ramose, low and fruticose; branchlets short, irregular. Leptgorgia Peruana Verrill. (LiticoraiA PERUANA, 1st Ed.). ? Plexaura reticulata Khrenberg, Corall. des rothen Meeres, p. 141, 1834. Plexaura reticulata Philippi, Wieg. Arch., 1866, p. 119. Corallum low and shrubby, very densely branched, the branches short, irregular, and crooked, often irregularly coalescent. Several stems often arise from the same large base, close together. They at once divide and subdivide irregularly into numerous crooked branches ; these give off very numerous short and crooked branchlets, which are sometimes distinctly pinnate. The branches and branchlets are rather thick and round. The cells are small, not raised, and very numerous, arranged in a broad band on each side of the branches. Axis dark wood-brown, brittle and rigid, often hollow in the branch- lets, due perhaps to some parasite. The ccenenchyma is thin and brittle. Color whitish. The largest specimens are about 6 inches high and broad; the branches °25, and the branchlets 10 in dia- meter. The spicula are pure white; the longer double-spindles are slender and acute, with numerous close warts, and a rather wide median space. The stouter double-spindles are much shorter, with a narrow median space and blunt ends, the warts forming a single wreath on each side of the middle and a rounded cluster at each end. The longer spicula are -120™™ by °048™™, -120 by -042, 108 by ‘048; the stouter ones 084 by ‘048, ‘078 by °048, 072 by -042, 084 by :042. Callao, Peru,—F. H. Bradley. I have thought it necessary to give a new name to this species for several reasons : ist. It is not the Gorgonia reticulata Ellis. 2d. It may not be the Plexawra reticulata Ehr. * Dr. Kolliker has sent the spicula prepared from the original specimen of Pleraura fucosa Val. It proves to be very different from the present species, and belongs to Psammogorgia, (see p. 414).—Reprint. 406 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 3d. Although “reticulata” might be a somewhat appropriate name for it if considered a Plexaura, it becomes very inappropriate when referred to a genus in which there are so many species that are ac- tually reticulated throughout, while in this the reticulations are few, irregular, and often entirely absent. The following species, which I have not seen, are here referred to this genus with doubt. ? Gorgonia sanguinea, Lam. (Liticoreta (?) saneuryna, 1st Ed.). 2 Gorgonia sanguinea Lamarck, An. sans verteb., 2d edit., p. 495, (Loc. unknown). Plexaura sanguinea Val., Comptes-rendus, xli, p. 12. Leptogorgia sanguinea Edw. and Haime, Corall., vol. i, p. 165. In the latter work this species is described as follows: Corallum rigid, more branched than Z. virgulata, and with branches still more slender. Calicles scarcely visible. Color carmine-red. Callao.* Leptogorgia (?) arbuscula V. (Liticorea (?) ARBUSCULA, Ist Ed.). Plexaura arbuscula Philippi, Wieg. Arch., 1866, p. 118. “P|. 4-6 pollicaris, a basi inde in formam fruticuli divisa, roseo-coccinea; ramis sub- dichotomis, omnibus libris; ramulis ultimis 1} lin. crassis.” Isl. Santa Maria, Bay of Arauco. Leptogorgia (?) Chilensis Verril. (Liricoreta (?) ROSEA V., lst Ea.). Plexaura rosea Philippi, l. ¢., p. 118 (non Leptogorgia rosea HK. & H.). “ P], 14 pedalis, roseo-carnea, subflabellato-dilitata; ramis virgatis, subnodosis libe- ris; ramulis ultimis elongatis, cylindricis, 14 lin crassis, seepe 6 poll. longis.” Algarrobo, somewhat south of Valparaiso, Chili. Leptogorgia (?) platyclados V. (Liticorcra (?) pLaryciapos, Ist Ed.). Plecaura platyclados Philippi, 1. ¢., p. 119. “P], roseo, flabellatim ramoso; ramis latissimis, valde compressis, loriformibus.” Isl. Santa Maria. It seems very doubtful whether this species be a Leptogorgia, but it eannot be a Plexaura. Eugorgia Verrill. Amer. Jour. Sci., xlv, p. 414, May, 1868. Ceenenchyma composed chiefly of three forms of small spicula, which are naked at its surface. There are two kinds of warty double- spindles,—longer and usually sharper ones, and stouter and blunter ones. These are intermingled with numerous double-wheels, which are usually shorter; sometimes one of the wheels is smaller than the other, or rudimentary, frequently there are four wheels developed. * The original G. sanguinea is, by its spicula, a true Gorgonia (Pterogorgia); the Callao species is probably distinct and may be one of the following.—Reprint. Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 407 The polyp-spicula are small, slender spindles. The axis is horny. Branches either round or compressed, variously subdivided, much as in Leptogorgia, surface finely granulous. Cells mostly in a band along each side of the branches, sometimes prominent, usually flat. A.—Fiabelliform, branches subparailel, dichotomous, usually stout. Cells flat or very slightly raised. Eugorgia ampla Verrill. Leptogorgia ampla Verrill, Bulletin M. C. Z., p. 32, 1864. Plate V, figure 12. Plate VI, figure 6. Corallum large, flabelliform, with numerous elongated, subparallel branches and branchlets. Several main branches, which are large, rounded or slightly compressed, and nearly equal, arise from close to the base, the lateral ones curving out at first and then becoming upright and nearly parallel. The branches give off from each side distant, long, and often slightly flexuous, branches and branchlets, which bend outward and then become parallel like the main branches. The branchlets are rigid, from 2 to 6 inches long without dividing, and but little more slender than the branches from which they arise, usually slightly compressed and tapering but little to the obtuse ends. They arise from 1 to 3 inches apart and are often alternate, but at other times only arise from one side of the branch. The cenenchyma is quite thick and firm, granulous at the surface. The cells are flat, very numerous, crowdedly arranged in two broad lateral bands, sep- arated by a very narrow, naked median space, which forms a slight groove. ‘The cells are usually so contracted as to appear very small and inconspicuous, but when the surface is removed they are seen to be rather large, oval, and so closely arranged that they are separated only by thin walls. The axis is horn-like, blackish in the main branch- es, but in the branchlets amber-yellow and translucent. Color, in the typical specimens, bright yellow, in the varicty light purple. The largest specimens are 18 inches high and nearly as broad; diameter of the main branches ‘30; of the branchlets at base +12; at tips -10. Spicula, in the typical specimens, bright yellow. Long double- spindles very acute, distantly warted, with about three wreaths of warts on each end, those next the middle much the largest; median space wide. Shorter double spindles obtuse and more densely covered with warts. Double-wheels nearly or quite as broad as long, the “wheels” large, rather thin, their edges often acute; median space narrow; axis small. The ends of the axis are also terminated by small, thin, wheel-like disks. The polyp-spicula are of several kinds, TRANS. ConnEcticuT AcAD, Vol. I. 52 JULY, 1868. 408 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. the most common are small but not very slender double-spindles, with few, distant, thorny papille. The longer double-spindles are *132™™" by -048, -120 by 048, 108 by 048; the stouter ones 120 by °060, °108 by -060, -108 by °054, -096 by 054, 096 by ‘048, ‘072 by °054; the double-wheels -054 by -060, 054 by 054, 054 by *048, -054 by *042, -048 by *054, 048 by -048. Margarita Bay, Lower California——A. Garret; La Paz, Gulf of California,—Maj. Wm. Rich. Var. purpurascens Verrill. Similar in form to the preceding, with the branches and branchlets, even in large specimens, not more than half as large. Color light purple, spicula similar in form, but usually with the double-wheels smaller and their edges less acute. The colors of the spicula are deep purple, light purple, and white. Height of the largest specimens 2 feet. This form may prove to be distinct, but our specimens are too few to satisfactorily determine. It is near Hugorgia fusco-purpurea (? Ehr. sp.) and may be identical with it. The spicula of the latter are well figured by Dr. Kolliker,* and agree very well in form with those of this supposed variety. Pearl Islands and Zorritos,—F. H. Bradley; Corinto,—J. A. McNiel. Eugorgia nobilis Verrill, sp. nov. Plate V, figure 18. Large, flabelliform, with large, divergent, compressed branches, and numerous short, thick, curved branchlets. Several very large flat- tened branches arise close to the base from the broad trunk, and spread divergently in the plane of the frond, giving off at short dis- tances (usually about half an inch, often less) numerous sub-parallel, undulate branches, which are strongly compressed at their bases. These give rise to numerous secondary branches and branchlets, which — arise at distances of from ‘25 to 1 inch apart, and are short, thick, and strongly curved, scarcely tapering, rarely more than an inch long without dividing. The cceenenchyma is thick and persistent. The cells are larger and less crowded than in the preceding species, usually flat, sometimes a little prominent, forming two broad bands, which are separated by a narrow, sterile sulcus on each side, corresponding to a large longitudinal duct. Color brownish yellow, or reddish brown. The largest specimens are 18 inches high and 2 feet broad ; diameter of main branches ‘35 to °75; of branchlets °12 to ‘15. Spicula light purple, yellow, and white. Long double-spindles some- what acute, thickly covered with warts. Stouter ones more densely * Icones Histiologicee, Taf. xviii, figs. 28 to 31. Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 409 warty, blunt, quite variable in form and size. Double-wheels small, about as long as broad, with small wheels very close together, and with the axis projecting but slightly at the ends. The long double- spindles are 120" by -048"™", -120 by ‘042, and ‘120 by 036; the stouter double-spindles 084 by 054, ‘084 by 048, and ‘096 by :054; the double-wheels -042 by -042, and -048 by -042. Peari Islands, 6 to 8 fathoms by divers,—F. H. Bradley ; La Paz,— J. Pedersen (var. excelsa);* Corinto,—J. A. MeNiel. This species resembles /. ampla, but is more densely ramulous, and has shorter, curved branchlets, instead of long, erect ones. Its spicula are similar, but the double-wheels are smaller and more rounded. B.—Flabelliform. Branches bipinnate and tripinnate, not coalescent. Cells prominent. Eugorgia Daniana Vernmil, sp. nov. Plate V, figure 14. Plate VI, figure 7. Corallum densely ramose in one plane, forming broad, rounded, fan-shaped fronds. Near the base the short, thick, compressed trunk divides into several large, divergent, compressed, main branches. These give off, pinnately from each edge, at intervals of a quarter of an inch or less, short, slender branchlets, and occasional longer branch- es, which are similar to the primary ones. These again subdivide pinnately, in the same manner, part of the pinnz remaining short and simple, while others elongate into branches, which again subdivide, producing similar simple branchlets, and some branches that subdi- vide again. The final branchlets are slender and short, varying in length from ‘15 to 30 of an inch, very seldom ‘50, with a diameter of about 06. The verruce are small, prominent, higher than broad, conical, crowded on all sides of the branchlets. Surface of the branches and cells distinctly granular with the naked spicula. Color bright yellow, streaked and blotched with dark red both upon the branches and cells. Axis strongly compressed, black in the main branches, setaceous and rigid in the branchlets, where it becomes translucent and brownish. Height 10 inches; breadth 14; diameter of trunk ‘22; of main branches 15. The spicula are deep red and bright yellow, intermin- gled. Long double-spindles slender, acute, with a wide median space, and about four whorls of well separated warts on each end, those next to the median space considerably the largest, the others dimin- ishing toward the ends, where they become very small. Some are less slender, but similar in length and structure. Stout double-spindles the spicula are smaller and more slender. Color brown or yellowish-brown.—Reprint. 410 Verrill, Notes on Radiata, short and thick, with two whorls of large warts on each end, the outer ones terminal. Double-wheels large, little longer than broad, with a rather wide median space; inner wheels thin, with sharp edges; outer ones terminal, not half as large, sharp-edged, about as far from the median ones as these are apart. The long double-spindles measure "120™ by 042™", +114 by °045, 117 by -034, 096 by ‘042; the stouter double-spindles 090 by :054, :072 by °048, :078 by :054, -096 by -060; double-wheels °072 by °060, median space ‘018, diameter of axis ‘024, terminal wheels °036, space between outer and inner wheels ‘017. Other double-wheels measure 066 by °060, and -072 by °054. Panama and Pearl Islands, 6 or 8 fathoms,—F. H. Bradley; Gulf of Nicoya,—J. A. McNiel. BKugorgia aurantiaca Verril. (EHucorcia Mexicana V., 1st Ed.). Lophogorgia aurantiaca Horn, Proceedings Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1860, p. 233 (non Leptogorgia aurantiaca Edw., 1857). Gorgonia aurantiaca Verrill, Bulletin Museum of Comp. Zodlogy, 1864, p. 33. Eugorgia Mexicana Verrill, Amer. Journal of Sci., xlv, p. 415, May, 1868. Plate V, figure 15. Plate VI, figure 8. Corallum forming large densely branched fans, the branches subdi- viding in the same manner as in the preceding species, but the main branches are longer and less compressed, and the pinnate branchlets are not so close together (usually °25 inch). The branchlets are also larger and somewhat longer, the length being from °25 to 1 inch, the diameter ‘10 inch. The cells are crowded on all sides of the branch- lets, but form irregular lateral bands on the larger branches. They form rounded prominent verruce, that are a little larger but not so prominent as in the preceding species, mostly bilabiate. The main branches have a well marked median groove, surface granular, coenen- chyma thin and friable. Color bright orange, streaked with red; interior of the ceenenchyma red, Axis yellowish brown in the larger branches, light yellow and translucent in the smaller branches and branchlets, where it is very slender and rigid. Height 15 inches; breadth 20; diameter of the trunk ‘18; of the main branches '15. The spicula are light red and bright yellow. Longer double-spin- dles slender, acute, with three or four whorls of well-separated warts ; stouter double-spindles short and thick, with about two whorls of large, separate warts, the outer whorl nearly or quite terminal, median space wide. Double-wheels small, resembling the stouter double-spindles in size and proportions, with a rather wide median space; inner wheels not large, with rounded edges, sometimes crenulated or a little warty, Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 411 especially on one side; terminal wheels much smaller, close to the inner ones, with rounded edges. The long double-spindles measure *108"" by :038™™, ‘108 by -036, 102 by -034, 096 by 030; the stouter double spindles ‘084 by -042, 078 by 039; the double-wheels 060 by *042, :066 by ‘042, 054 by :042, with the terminal wheels 021, axis ‘021, length of median space ‘009. La Paz, Gulf of California,—J. Pedersen, Maj. Wm. Rich; Mazat- lan,—Dr. Horn; Acapuleo,—A. Agassiz, Rev. J. Dickinson. In the mode of branching, the size and structure of the branchlets, and color, this closely resembles the last species, which I have separated chiefly on account of the very different size and form of the spicula, and especially of the double-wheels.* Eugorgia rubens Verrill, sp. nov. Corallum slender, bipinnate and tripinnate. The small branches and branchlets arise at distances of a quarter to half an inch apart, and are either alternate or sub-opposite. Branchlets very slender, rather short, the edges dentate by the prominent cells. Axis slender, seti- form in the branches, pale amber-color, translucent. Cells prominent, forming small conical verruce, arranged in a single row along each edge of the branchlets. Color pale red or rose-color. Diameter of the branchlets ‘08 inch; of terminal branchlets ‘06 ; length of branch- lets °35 to *60; entire specimen 2 or 3 feet across. The spicula are pale red, and mostly short and stout. The longer double-spindles are rather small, slender, not very acute, with about three distant whorls of crowded warts on each end, the median ones a little larger; median space moderately wide. Stouter double-spin- dles short and thick, blunt, with two or three close whorls of crowded rough warts. Double-wheels rather large, with thick, round-edged wheels, the outer ones terminal; median space narrow. The longer double-spindles measure *120™" by 048, 096 by -042 ‘096 by °036; the stouter double-spindles 096 by -048, ‘084 by -036, ‘072 by °048, -072 by 036; double-wheels -066 by -048, 066 by -042, 060 by -042, 060 by *036. Paita, Peru,—F. H. Bradley, from Mrs. George Petrie. C.—Dichotomous, terminal branchlets slender, elongated. Cells scarcely raised. Eugorgia Bradleyi Verrill, sp. nov. Corallum small, slender, more or less flabelliform. The round, slender trunk arises from a flat, expanded base, and at the height of * Since Valenciennes’ species (see p. 413) proves to belong to a distinct genus, I have restored the earliest name,—Reprint. 412 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. one or two inches divides into two equal branches. These subdivide either immediately or at various distances up to 1°5 inches in a similar dichotomous manner. The tertiary branches are again unequally dichotomous. The branchlets are mostly secund, slender, spreading outward from the branches in a wide curve, varying in length from 1 to 4 inches, tapering toward the tips, which are very slender. The cells are small, oblong, flat or very little raised, arranged closely in one or two rows on each side of the branchlets, but in broad bands of four or more, irregular, crowded rows on the larger branchlets. Median groove very distinct. Axis slender, blackish in the trunk and larger branches, brown and translucent in the smaller branches, yellow- ish and setiform in the branchlets. Color bright purplish red, bright lemon-yellow, or light yellowish brown. Height 7 inches; breadth 5; diameter of trunk ‘13; of branches °10; of branchlets -03 to °05. Spicula light purple, or bright yellow. Longer double-spindles rather slender, very acute, sometimes curved, often with the ends une- qual, median space wide, warts numerous, in 4 to 6 whorls, those toward the ends very small, the median ones much larger, occasionally several sharp points terminate one of the ends. Stouter double-spindles much smaller, stout and thick, with about 3 whorls of very prominent, rough warts; the last whorl is sometimes terminal, in other cases the end is formed by a single rough wart; some have the warts so crowd- ed that they resemble double-heads. Double-wheels variable in size, about as long as broad, mostly with a narrow median space, small axis, and thin wheels; terminal wheels small, close to the inner ones. Cross-shaped compound spicula occasionally occur, having slender branches, covered by small but prominent warts. . The longer double-spindles measure *175"" by °042™™", +138 by °042, "132 by *048, °126 by °036; the stouter double spindles -096 by -054, 7090 by °048, 072 by °054, -072 by -048; the double-wheels °036 by 036, with median space ‘009, diameter of terminal wheels ‘018; and 048 by 042, with the median space ‘012, terminal wheels 024; others 048 by 042, 043 by 043; crosses ‘084 by -084, and :060 by 060. Panama and Pearl Islands, rare,—F. H. Bradley; Gulf of Nicoya,— J. A. McNiel. This species resembles in form, mode of subdividing, and slender- ness of trunk and branches, Leptogorgia alba, but is very distinct in the character of the spicula. Its color, though variable, is probably also sufficient to separate them, since this has not been observed white, which is the constant color of Z. alba, so far as can be judged from an examination of over 200 specimens. Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 413 The following species, which I have not seen, is placed here with much doubt. In its external characters it appears to resemble some species of Hugorgia, but the form of the spicula, if correctly stated, would indicate affinities with Psammogorgia or Plecaura. Edwards and Haime describe it as follows :* Echinogorgia aurantiaca Verrill. (LEPTOGORGIA AURANTIACA, Ist Kd.). Plexaura aurantiaca Val., Comptes-rendus, xli, p. 12. Leptogorgia aurantiaca Kdw. and Haime, Corall., i, p. 165, 1857. Corallum rather branching, branches pretty stout, the last elongated. Calicles crowded and very distinct throughout. Spicula in the form of warty clubs (“slérites en massue”). Color ferruginous yellow. Callao (“Calloa”). Phycogorgia Val.; Edw. and Haime, Corall., 1, p. 182. Axis lamellar and dilated in the form of membranous leaflets, sim- ilar to a fucus, and covered with a thin sclerenchyma, perforated by poriform calicles. (Edw. and Haime). Phycogorgia fucata Val.; Edw. and Haime. Gorgonia fucata Val., Voyage de la Vénus, Zodl., Pl. 11, fig. 2. Corallum thin, expanded, divided into ramose fronds, the branches of which are contracted at their base and enlarged toward the sum- mit. Calicles small and close. Color rosy. Mazatlan. (EK. and H.) Family, Prexauripa Gray. Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1859, p. 442. Eunicide Kolliker, Icones Histiologicz, p. 137, 1865. Corallum usually dichotomous and more or less arborescent. Axis horn-like, or more or less calcareous, especially at base. Longitudi- nal ducts equal, arranged regularly all around the axis. Ccenenchy- ma usually thick. Cells scattered over all parts of the surface, flat, or elevated on prominent verruce. Tentacles at base, and sides of the polyps stiffened with large fusiform spicula. Spicula of the ccenen- chyma usually large, of various forms, most frequently there are large warty spindles mingled with clubs or crosses. The three principal genera of this family, Plexaura, Plexaurella, and Hunicea, which are each represented by numerous large and common species in the Caribbean Fauna, appear to be entirely absent from the Pacific coast of America. The following genus, which is scarcely a typical representative of the family, appears alone to replace the larger forms of the Atlantic. * Spicula from the original specimen, sent by Dr. Kdlliker, show that it is an Echino- gorgia,—Reprint. 414 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. Psammogorgia Verrill. American Jour. of Sci., vol. xlv, p. 414, May, 1868. Corallum dichotomous or subpinnate, with round branches. Axis horn-like. Ccenenchyma moderately thick, the surface finely granu- lated with small‘rough spicula. Cells scattered, sometimes flat, more frequently raised in the form of rounded verruce. Polyps with rather large, elongated, slender, warty spindles at the bases of the tentacles. Spicula of the cenenchyma mostly short, thick, and very rough, warty spindles and rough, warty clubs of moderate size. Psammogorgia arbuscula Verrill. Echinogorgia arbuscula Verrill, Proc. Boston Society Natural Hist., vol. x, p. 329, April, 1866. Psammogorgia arbuscula Verrill, Amer. Jour. Science, xlv, p. 414, May, 1868. Plate V, figure 17. Plate VI, figure 9. Corallum low, irregularly dichotomous, subflabelliform, several stems often arising from one base. Base broad, encrusting, covered with a thin cenenchyma, which usually bears polyps. From this, one to twelve stems arise, which, when numerous, form rather dense clumps of branches. The young stalks are often 2 to 4 inches long before subdividing, enlarging upward to the obtusely rounded tips. In other cases they subdivide dichotomously very near the base, the main branches being about as large as the trunk. These again sub- divide in a similar manner into secondary and tertiary branches and branchlets, which curve outward at base and then become subparallel, but are often crooked and irregular, and sometimes coalesce. The terminal branchlets are round, obtuse, scarcely tapering, often en- larged at the tips, from 1 to 4 inches long, about as large as the main branches. Ccenenchyma moderately thick. Surface of the ccnenchyma roughly granular. Cells large, more or less prominent, at the summit of rather large verrucz, which are often as high as broad, uniformly scattered over all parts of the branches, arranged somewhat in quincunx, the summits frequently eight-rayed. Color dark red. In life, “stem bright red, polyps bright yellow.” Height of largest specimens 4 to 8 inches; breadth 3 to 6; diameter of main branches °15. Spicula bright red, mostly rather stout thorny spindles. Longer spindles stout, with acute ends, covered with large thorny warts, which are largest about the middle; stouter spindles blunt at the ends, and more thickly covered with similar rough warts. Other stout, thick spicula, or “heads,” about as thick as long, and crowdedly Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 415 covered with thorny warts, are abundant, especially in the superficial layer, mixed with the last. Also much smaller and more slender spindles, with few large warts. The club-shaped spicula are not numerous and are variable in form; the larger end is not much expanded, but covered with sharp and thorny warts, which decrease to the somewhat acute, smaller end. The polyp-spicula from the bases of the tentacles are relatively large, very long, slender spindles, with acute ends, often curved, and covered uniformly with small, sharp, conical warts. Some of the smaller ones are but slightly warted. The longer spindles measure -264"" by ‘096™™, -240 by °108, 240 by 084, 204 by °072, 192 by 084; the stouter ones -144 by ‘084, °144 by 072; the “heads” °108 by °102, °144 by °126, -120 by 096, 108 by ‘084; the “clubs” *180 by -084, 180 by ‘078, -168 by °078, °156 by 072; the polyp-spindles 264 by 054, -240 by 048, :240 by 042, :227 by -054, -204 by -042, -204 by “024. Panama and Pearl Islands, in pools at extreme low-water mark,— F. H. Bradley ; Gulf of Nicoya, by divers,—J. A. McNiel. This species is very variable in form, and especially in the promi- nence of the cells, or else there are two or more species here included. The typical form, above described, has the cells large and raised on prominent verruce. The two principal variations from this type are as follows: Var. Dowii Verrill. Similar in mode of branching to the preceding form but somewhat more flabelliform and regular, branchlets rather smaller. Cells flat, or scarcely raised, when contracted often eight-rayed. Spicula much like those of the typical form. Color deep red. San Salvador,—Capt. J. M. Dow; Pearl Islands,—F. H. Bradley. Var. pallida Verrill. Corallum more or less flabelliform, branching dichotomously, branch- lets round, sometimes as large as the main stem, usually smaller. Cells a little raised, forming low verruce. In fresh specimens, the cells are often surmounted by a small conical mass of convergent spicula, from the bases of the tentacles. Color dull grayish white, or yellowish. In life, “stem white or light drab; polyps bright yellow,” —F. H. B. Spicula of the cenenchyma pale pink or colorless, transparent ; polyp-spicula orange red. Longer spindles rather long and slender, acute, covered with distantly scattered, unequal, prominent, rough TRANS. CoNNECTICUT AcAD., Vot. I. 53 DECEMBER, 1868. 416 Verrill, Notes on Radiata. warts. Some of the largest are stouter, but acute, and often curved or irregular in outline. Stouter spindles very irregular in form and size, often blunt, very rough and thorny, warts not crowded.* Clubs slender, small end acute, enlarging regularly toward the large end, which is crowded with warts of small size. The longer spindles measure °216™" by-090, 204 by ‘084, :204 by 060, "180 by -060; stouter spindles °132 by ‘084, :132 by :060, 120 by 072; clubs °162 by °048; heads :102 by 072; crosses 192 by °132; polyp-spindles 252 by 042, :240 by 042, -240 by 036, -204 by 042, 204 by °030. Pearl Islands,—F. H. Bradley. This form resembles, in its branches and cells, var. Dowii, but dif- fers in its color and somewhat in the spicula, which are less thickly warted and usually not quite so stout. Psammogorgia teres Verrill, sp. nov. Plate V, figure 18. Plate VII, figure 1. Corallum dichotomous, large, flabelliform, with rather large, round branches, which are often curved. The base is expanded, often giv- ing rise to more than one trunk. The stem forks within half an inch from the base, where it is large and round. The main branches again fork irregularly, and also give off numerous branches and branchlets at distances of half an inch or less, in an irregularly subpinnate and often secund manner. These are all round and thick, and bend out- ward at the axils with a broad curve, and then turn upward, but most of them are more or less crooked throughout, and not unfre- quently coalesce. The terminal branchlets are considerably smaller than the main branches, and usually taper slightly to the blunt ends. Cells large, distant, scattered over the whole surface, flat or very lit- tle raised. Ccenenchyma thin, witha finely granulated surface, bright red, Axis dull yellowish, woody in appearance; thick, opaque, and soft in the branchlets. Height 10 inches; breadth 8 inches ; diameter of trunk -40; of main branches ‘18 to ‘22; of branchlets -12 to °15. Spicula bright red, varied in size and form. The greater part are rather large, short, stout spindles, covered with numerous, very prom- inent, rough warts, arranged on each end in two or three irregular whorls; ends scarcely acute. Others are longer and more slender, * These principally form the external layer, but are mingled with a few clubs and other forms. In this genus there is no very distinct superficial layer of smaller club- shaped spicula, such as is found in Hunicea, Plexaura, and Plexaurella. Wence I place the genus in this family with some doubt. It is, apparently, allied to Astrogorgia and may possibly belong to the Primnoide, near Muricea. Verrill, Notes on Radiata. 417 with acute ends, but equally rough. Some head-like spicula are about as long as broad, sometimes nearly spherical, crowdedly covered with large, thorny warts, those about the middle largest. There are also short, stout spindles, crowdedly covered with warts on the whole sur- face. Club-shaped spicula occasionally occur, having the larger end but little expanded, covered with large, prominent, thorny warts ; these with the two preceding forms chiefly compose the external layer. Cross-spicula, with four or six roughly warted branches, frequently occur. Besides these, there are many small spicula of various forms, but all are covered with rough warts, and most of them are short and. stout. Polyp-spindles are long, slender, acute, usually curved, cov- ered with small, sharp warts. The longer spindles measure *192™™ by ‘084™™", °174 by ‘078, ‘168 by 090, "168 by °048, 144 by 066, 132 by °072; stouter spindles :156 by °096, +132 by -090, 132 by :078, 120 by 096; warty head-spicula "168 by °096, 144 by °120, 144 by -090, “108 by 096; clubs 132 by 072, "120 by 060; crosses 144 by ‘096, 120 by °084; polyp-spindles 264 by 054, °227 by ‘048, 204 by -036, -198 by ‘048. Pearl Islands, in 6 to 8 fathoms, rare,—F’. H. Bradley. Resembles somewhat var. Dowii of the preceding species, but is much larger, with stouter branches and branchlets, and larger and more distant cells. The surface is smoother and the cells are usually not at all raised. The color is also brighter red. The spicula are quite different. Psammogorgia fucosa Verrill. Amer. Journal Science, xlviii, p. 427, Nov., 1869. Gorgonia fucosa Val., Voyage Vénus, Pl. 15 bis. Plexaura fucosa Val.; Edw. and H., Corall., i, p. 154, (non Verrill). Mazatlan.—Voyage of the Venus. MT ie LOL 7 : A . i? a ry ae | vhs ; i) ’ i nr ‘ - te Ap , ha 21 an 7 : ‘ Ms { "| . ut 7 ( 4% q ¥ on } j . i 1 ‘ a ifn " , — ae ; j ep an PLATE Ill, Chrono -lsothermals. Between the lowest and the mean temperature. 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