RQ@Qq WQS LQ \ WY \ WK WY AN Hibrary of the Museum OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Founded by private subscription, tv 1861. / 4] OS OT OO OSs LY ae D7 A GAL \ j ay a * 7 GIe { 4 eee LY MMSUL OF 10 SY . ( COQRTL. i a ‘hts +} 4 i , e fi bt iy i iS mie TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LONDON. she" ry a \ i ae AROUND MBAR Lat ie & ay oh HUGE = ‘ THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR THE YEAR 1891. R LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C. SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, 11, CHANDOS STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W., AND BY LONGMAN, GREEN, READER AND DYER, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. 1891. 108 God | ee are S wae ='*¢ ; sitet aig ape on, hee rank Ty: it Va it a yee iy aeite aa ty ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. FounpEep, 1833. INcORPORATED BY Roya CHARTER, 1885. Hon. Hife- President. Pror. J. O. WESTWOOD, M.A., F.L.S., Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford. OFFICERS and COUNCIL for the Session 1891-92. resident. FREDERICK DU CANE GODMAN, F.RB.S., F.L.S. Vice- residents, Tur Rr. Hon. Lorp WALSINGHAM, LL.D., F.R.S. Proressor RAPHAEL MELDOLA, F.R.S., F.C.S. Dr. DAVID SHARP, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S. Greusurer. ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., F.L.S. Secreturies. HERBERT GOSS, F.L.S. THe Rev. Canon FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S. Hibravia. GEORGE C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. Council. GEORGE C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. Tue Rev. Canon FOWLER, M.A., FREDERICK D. GODMAN, M.A., HERBERT GOSS, F.L.S., F.G.S. ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., F. Pror. RAPHAEL MELDOLA, F.R. EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S., &e. Dr. DAVID SHARP, M.A., F.R.S., RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. HENRY T. STAINTON, F.R.S., F.L.S. CoLtoneEL CHARLES SWINHOBH, F.L.S., F.Z.S. GEORGE HENRY VERRALL, F.E.S. Tue Rr. Hon. Lorp WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. 1B, TN L. S., F. Assistant Librarian. W. R. HALL. (Aa) THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 1834—1891. The Transactions can now be obtained by Fellows at the following reduced prices :— PUBLIC. FELLOWS. First Series, 4 volumes (1834—1845) ...... Price £4 13 0 £310 O Second Series, 5 volumes (1850—1861) .... 8 0 0 315 0 Third Series, 5 volumes (1862—1869) .... 11 0 0 410 0 The Transactions for the year 1868........ 1 0 0 e USG9 ee eee il 2070 . i UST Onnee eats iL S @ 2 5 0 ss iS7ie eee: 15 0 4 - 1872 cu 5 12 0 is 0 USBiao 505 o00 116 0 i. fF 1874 eee 112 0 o0 56 NSTDo0000006 i 2 3.0 0 % 9 MSacco jon 112 0 ce 5 LORIE RE ee 140 5 s SA SGSsos8 fs Oe 015 0 s 5 EO Ss ss oess 1 2 0 016 6 . i TSO: Hae ses. 019 0 014 3 . Sp ASST y ate 1 1LGR70 Ne) ¥ f ASSOR SR oe 110 0 Loose af fs LSS ec wee 70 ion be . TESA Weare 1 8 O 1 {0 eo i Weep i ce. 15680 019 6 - ‘i TEAR SS aoc EGF 0 019 6 FS 5 USS (eterretepeiev= The) 019 0 5 5 SSS ise sar 115 0 116) 73 “ _ IB coso base 116 6 te le as) f 5 189 Olmert yo) 1100 ae 55 TSO Serene 116 0 a a) Any single volume from 1850 to 1877 half-price to Fellows. First Series, vol. v., is out of print. The other volumes may be obtained separately, also the following :— Pascoe’s Lonyicornia Malayana ........6. 2 120 el S30 Baly’s Phytophaga Malayana, Pt. 1, Aposta- GIR Jo docucd co boeooooG UKM OU DN SS 016 0 012 0 Saunders’ ‘ British Heterogyna and Fossorial ERO ORD soscoogneacoopoussK} 0 4 6 0 8 4 Saunders’ ‘ Synopsis of British Hymenoptera,’ IPEMB Ils Sooo ooo U OG UUS DOU DOODLE QOODOS 0 6 0 0 4 6 Newport’s ‘ Athalia centifolie’ (Prize Essay) ab Ww Op 110 The Journan or Procerptines is bound up with the Transacrions, but may be obtained separately, by Fellows, gratis; by the Public, price Sixpence per Sheet (16 pp.). Fellows who have paid their Subscription for the current year, are entitled to receive the Transactions for the year without further payment, and they will be forwarded free, by post, to any address. (ie CONTENTS. ee Explanation of the Plates List of Fellows . Additions to the Library MEMOIRS. Vil. VIII. XV. . Notes on the genitalia of a gynandromorphous Hronia H: ippia. pee GEORGE T. Betuone-Baxrer, F.L.8. A Monograph of British Braconide. Part IV. By ne ee Tuomas A. MarsHaun, M.A., F.E.S. .. . African Micro-Lepidoptera. By the Right non blek mora Watsincuam, M.A., LL.D., F.RB.S., F.L.S., &e. . New species of moths from Southern India. Py Galonel Ceram Swinuok, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &e. ifs ae . Conspicuous effects on the markings and colouring of Lepi- doptera caused by exposure of the pups to different tempera- ture conditions. By Freprertc Merrirrevp, F.E.S. . On some recent additions to the list of South African butter- flies. By Roztanp Trimen, F.R.S., F.L.8., Curator of the South African Museum, Cape Town. .- A Monograph of the Lycienid genus Hy ipociiauaons: ah ia: scriptions of new species. By Haminron H. Drucz, F.E.S. Notes on the Lepidoptera collected in Madeira by the late T. Vernon Wollaston. By Gerorer T. Seay, F.L.S. . Additions to the Gusahideou: tana of Weep with Oe on some of the species peo. recorded. By Hrnry Watter Batss, F.R.S., F.L.S., : é . On the genus Peet fami ae By Witutam F. Kirsy, F.L.8., F.E.S., Assistant in Zoological Depart- ment, British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington. . The Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. Part II. Apio- nidé and Anthribide. By Dr. Davip ae M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &e. . The life-history of the Head Fly, Genidomyia Fen veto, Say. By Freprerick Enocr, F.H.S. .. ae . Mimetic resemblances between species of the @oleopteraas genera Lema and Diabrotica. By CHARLES J. Coy M.A., ey ee : . A list of the Hleteromerons Coleoptera (collected by Vie J. i, Walker, R.N., F.L.S., in the region of the Straits of Gibraltar, with descriptions of four new spaties: By Grorcs C. Cuampion, F.Z.S. on 50 an ae On a new species of Prothoé. By Pane Cromer, F.L.S., 223 279 375 403 XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. (yaa? 9) Notes on the Orthopterous family Mecopodide. By Wrut1am F. Kirpy, I’.L.8., Assistant in the foclegie ye British Museum. Note on Siphonophora ar ‘scliree. Waste) (Trans. Ent. Bac. Lond., 1890, p. 649). ee Prof. Joun O. etre M.A., F.L.S., &e. 50 ie On the South tmavienn species of Miahratiea! Part IL. By Cuarzes J. Ganan, M.A., F.E.S.. New species of Heterocera from the Kener Hills. Eat L By Colonel Cuarues Swinuoe, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &e. 56 On some cases of Dimorphism and Polymorphism among Palearctic Lepidoptera. By Serat Aupuiraxy, of St. Petersburg. Communicated By Henry J. ate F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e. at 56 The Effect of change of Clyrante aan We cirrersence of certain species of Lepidoptera. eu GervasE F. Matuew, PAGE R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.8., &e. : -- 503 XXII. Descriptions of new species of hologhehalmons state phide. By Rosert ones F.R.S., &c., Treasurer Ent. Soc. Lond. 509 XXIII. Descriptions of four new species of ine conte 18 Fulgora By Wrouram L. Distant, F.E.S. Ne 517 XXIV. On the South American species of Diabrosice, oar ioe pendix to Parts I. and II. By Cuantus J. Gawan, M.A,, F.E.S., Assistant in the Zoological Ree eee as British Museum. 5 so Ural Proceedings for 1891.. i President’s Address .. xliy Index . hii EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Plate I. See pages 1—6 Plates XIII. & XIV. py Ml . 7—61 See pages 223—278 IN Ab eoaade, a So) She ng Ree See pages 63—132 ae Ae See ,, 329—366 VIII. See ,, 133—154 » XVII. See ,, 3867—374 DXeaSee Wie edb 5 168 4) SXCVITe See ois, 9408402 Kee Lon FERIA aes! Hyon A735 —=495 See ,, 179—195 XOX. See ,, 517—519 Mae Sees 19722 Hist of Fellotvs OF THE ENTOMOLOGIGAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, Date of HONORARY FELLOWS. Election. 1875 Burmeister, Hermann Carl Conrad, Buenos Ayres. 1885 Doukrn, Carl August, Stettin. 1863 Hacren, Hermann August, Cambridge, U.S.A. 1884 Mtuuer, Fritz, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil. 1884 OsTEN-SacKkEN, Baron C. R. von, Heidelberg, 1884 Pacxarp, Alpheus §., Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A. 1889 Ruiuey, Prof. Charles V., Washington, U.S.A. 1872 Saussure, Henri F. de, Geneva. 1871 Srnys-Lonecuamps, Baron M. E. de, Liége. 1885 SNELLEN, Pieter C. T., Rotterdam. FELLOWS. Marked * are Original Members. Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions. Date of Tlection. 1877. Apams, Frederick Charlstrom, 68 St. Ermin’s Mansions, Caxton-street, Westminster, S.W. 1877 Apams, Herbert J., Roseneath, London-road, Enfield, N. 1885 Apkxin, Robert, Wellfield, Lingard-road, Lewisham, 8.E. 1891 Apyzr, J. M., Somerford Grange, Christchurch, Hants. 1856 Armitacs, Ed., R.A., 3 Hall-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. 1886 Armore, EH. A., 3 Haylett-terrace, Hxton’s-road, King’s Lynn, Norfolk, b 1886 1890 1886 1887 1884 1865 1861 1890 LIST OF FELLOWS. + Basrneton, Charles Cardale, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S8., &c., Professor of Botany in the University of Cambridge, 5 Brookside, Cambridge. Bankes, Eustace R., M.A., Corfe Castle, Dorset. Barcuay, Francis H., F.G.8., Knott’s Green, Leyton, Essex. Bareacut, Nobile Cavaliere Piero, Piazza S. Maria, Palazzo _Tempi No.1, Florence, Italy. Barker, H. W., 147 Gordon-road, Peckhan, 8.E. Barrett, Charles Golding, Inland Revenue Department, Somerset House, W.C.; and 89 Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.E. Barton, Stephen, 114 St. Michael's Hill, Bristol. Bates, Henry Walter, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., 11 Carleton- road, Tufnell Park, N. Bazett, Mrs. Eleanor, Springfield, Reading, Berks. 1851 + Beaumont, Alfred, 153 Hither Green Lane, Lewisham, S.E. 1891 1882 1885 1886 1880 1879 1891 1889 1890 1885 * 1886 1875 1876 1891 1888 Brrcuine, Robert A. Dallas, 24 St. James-road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Bere, Carl, Museo Publico, Monte Video, South America. BETHUNE-BAKER, George T., F.L.8., 16 Clarendon-road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. Brppisz, F. W., M.A. Lanherne, Albemarle-road, Beckenham, Kent. BIGNELL, George Carter, 7 Clarence-place, Stonehouse, Plymouth. Biuuupes, T. R.,20 Swiss Villas, Coplestone-road, Peckham, S.E. BuaBer, W.H., Groombridge, Sussex. BLANDFORD, Walter F.H.,M.A.,F.Z.8.,48 Wimpole-street, W. Buatcu, W. G., Knowle, near Birmingham. Buatuwayt, Lieut.-Col. Linley, F.L.S., Hagle Howse, Bath- easton, Bath. BLOMEFIELD, The Rey. Leonard, M.A., F.L.S., &e., 19 Bel- mont, Bath. BuLoomFieLD, The Rey. Edwin Newson, M.A., Guwestling Rectory, Hastings. Borrer, Wm., junr., F.G.8., Pakyns Manor House, Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. Boscuer, Edward, Bellevwe House, Twickenham. Booru, George A., Fern Hill, Grange-over-Sands, Carn- forth, Lancashire. Bower, B. A., Langley, Eltham Road, Lee, Kent. 1852 | Boyp, Thomas, Woodvale Lodge, South Norwood Hill, SH. 1867 1886 1877 1870 1890 1879 1878 1887 1886 1890 1883 1855 LIST OF FELLOWS. xl Boyp, William Christopher, Cheshunt, Herts. Briveman, John B., F.L.S., 40 Sé. Giles’, Norwich. Briees, Charles Adolphus, 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C. and Surrey House, Leatherhead, Surrey. Briees, Thos. Henry, M.A., Surrey House, Leatherhead, Surrey. Bristows, B. A., Durlstone, Champion Hill, S.E. Broneniart, Le Chevalier Charles, Memb. Ento. Soe. France, and Memb. Geol. Soc. France, Foreign Corr. Geol. Soc. Lond. &e., 9 Rue Linné, Paris, France. Brown, Capt. Thomas, Drury, Auckland, New Zealand. Brown, Henry Rowland, B.A., Oxhey Grove, Stanmore, Middlesex. Brown, John, 5 King’s Parade, Cambridge. Bryant, George, Somerset Lodge, Old Shirley, near South- anvpton. Bucxton, George Bowdler, F.R.S., F.L.S., Weycombe, Haslemere, Surrey. Burnewi, Edward Henry, 32 peey is W.C. 1868 + Burter, Arthur Gardiner, F.L.S., F.Z.S., British Museum, 1883 1886 1886 1885 1860 1880 1889 1890 1886 1890 1886 South Kensington, 8.W.; and The Lilies, Penge-road, Beckenham, Kent. Butter, HKdward Albert, B.A., B.Sc., 89 Ashby-road, Crouch Hill, N. CALVERT, Wim. Bartlett, Colegio Internacional, 309 Calle Catedral, Santiago, Chili, South America. CaMERON, Peter, Olive Mount, Sale, Cheshire. CAMPBELL, Francis Maule, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &c., Rose Hill, Hoddesdon, Herts. CANDEZE, Dr. E., Glain, Liége. CansDALF, W. D., 6 Whittington-terrace, London-road, Forest Hill, 8.E. Cant, A., care of Fredk. Du Cane Godman, Esq., F.B.S., 10 Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W. CapPEer, Samuel James, F.L.S. (President of the Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society), Hwyton Park, near Liwerpool. Capron, Edward, M.D., Shere, Gwildford. CARDEN, Major-General George, Douglas Towers, South Hill Park, Bromley, Kent. CARMICHAEL, Sir Thomas David Gibson, Bart., M.A., F.L.S., Chiefswood, Melrose, N.B, no xii LIST OF FELLOWS. 1868 CaRrRINGTON, Charles, Hurst-place, Bexley, Kent. 1890 CartTER, George Wm., M.A., F.L.S., F.R.M.S., Lume Grove, Knottingley, Yorkshire. 1889 + Cave, Charles, 13 Lowndes-square, 8. W. 1871 Cuampion, George. C., F.Z.S., Lrprartan, 11 Calder-Vale- road, Elms Park, Clapham Common, 8.W.; and 10 Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W. 1891 CuHapman, Thomas Algernon, M.D., Fir Bank, Hereford. 1890 CuHatTEeRTON, Frederick J.S., 1382 Queen Victoria-street, B.C. ; and ‘‘ Falcon Craig,’ Gloucester Villas, Ashford, Mid- dlesex. 1891 + Currry, Arthur J., 33 Queen’s-gate Gardens, 8.W. 1889 Curisty, W. M., Watergate, Emsworth, Hants. 1886 } Ciark, John Adolphus, The Broadway, London Fields,N.E. 1867 CuarKE, Alex. Henry, 109 Warwick-road, Earls Court, S.W. 1886 Cuarke, Charles Baron, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., Royal Herbarium, Kew. 1891 CrarKkE, Henry Shortridge, 2 Osborne-terrace, Douglas, Isle of Man. 1891 CockERELL, T. D. A., F.Z.S., The Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica. 1874 Cockie, Major George, M.A., B.Mus., Oxon., 9 Bolton- gardens, S.W. 1873 Con, William, 7 Knighton Villas, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. 1884 CoLuEettT, E. Pyemont, 19 St. John-street, Manchester. 1880 CopLaND, Patrick F., % Hope Villas, Buckhurst Hill, Essez. 1886 CowELL, Peter (Librarian of the Liverpool Free Public Library), William Brown-street, Liverpool. 1867 Cox, Herbert Ed., 34 Harrington-gardens, South Kensing- ton, W. 1888 CreGoE, J. P., Coryton-terrace, Plymouth. 1890 CREWE, Sir Vauncey Harpur, Bart., Calke Abbey, Derbyshire. 1880 + Crisp, Frank, LL.B., B.A., F.L.8., F.G.S., F.R.M.S., 5 Lansdowne-road, Notting Hill, W. 1888 Croker, A. J., 26 Saxon-road, Selhurst, Surrey. 1883 CrowLey, Philip, F.L.8., F.Z.S. Waddon House, Croydon. 1873 Daur, C. W., Glanville’s Wootton, Sherborne, Dorset. 1887 Daurry, The Rey. Thomas W., M.A., F.L.8., Madeley Vicarage, Newcastle, Staffordshire. 1886 Dannatt, Walter, F.Z.8., Ivy Dene, Westcombe Park, Blackheath, 8.E. 1885 Dent, Hastings Charles, C.E., F.L.8., 20 Thurloe-square, S.W. 1886 1875 1887 1891 1885 1873 1886 1845 1889 1874 1884 1867 LIST OF FELLOWS. Xill Dickson, The Rey. Prof. William Purdie, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Divinity in the University of Glasgow, Glasgow. Distant, Wm. Lucas, 1 Russell Hill-road, Purley, Surrey. Dixey, Frederick Augustus, M.A., M.D., Fellow of Wadham College, Wadham College, Oxford; and Thyra House, North Finchley, N. DonnistHoRPE, Horace St. John, 37 Cowrtfield Gardens, S.W. Donovan, Charles, junr., M.D., Surgeon, Army Medical Service, Madras. Doria, Marquis Giacomo, Strada Nuova, Genoa. Dormer, The Right Honourable Lord, Grove Park, Warwick. Dovetas, John Wm., Dartmouth Lodge, 153 Lewisham- road, Lewisham, 8.E. Downine, John W., 59 Lupus-street, St. George’s-square, S.W. Dowsett, Arthur, Castle Hill House, Reading. Drucz, Hamilton H. C. J., 48 Circus-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.8., 48 Circus-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. 1849 | Dunninc, Joseph Wm., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 4 Talbot- 1865 1883 1890 1865 1886 1884 1886 1886 1878 1886 1891 1890 square, Paddington, W. D’Urpan, W. S. M., F.L.S., Moorlands, Exmouth, Devon. Durrant, John Hartley-, The Cottage, Merton Hall, Thetford, Norfolk. Eastwoop, John Edmund, Enton Lodge, Witley, Surrey. Haton, The Rey. Alfred Edwin, M.A., The Vicarage, Shepton Montague, Castle Cary, Somersetshire. Epwarps, James, 131 Rupert-street, Norwich. Epwarps, Stanley, F.Z.8., Kidbrook-lodge, Blackheath,8.E. EvisHa, George, 122 Shepherdess-walk, City-road, N. Euuis, John W., M.B., L.R.C.P., 18 Rodney-street, Liver- pool. Ewes, Henry John, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Colesborne, Andovers- ford R.S.O., Gloucestershire. Enock, Frederick, 11 Parolles-road, Upper Holloway, N. Farrmatre, Leon, 21 Rue dw Dragon, Paris, France. Farn, Albert Brydges, Mownt Nod, Greenhithe, Kent; and Medical Department, Local Government Board, Whitehall, S.W. X1V LIST OF FELLOWS. 1861 Fenn, Charles, Hversden House, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, 8.E. 1886 Fenwick, Nicholas Percival, Holmwood, South Bank, Surbiton Hill, Surrey. 1881 Frrepay, R. W., Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand. 1889 FERNALD, Prof. C. H., Amherst, Mass., U.S.A. 1878 Finzi, John A., Hanover Lodge, 77 St. Helen's Gardens N. Kensington, W. 1874 Fircou, Edward A., F.L.S., Brick House; Maldon, Essex. 1886 Firen, Frederick, Hadleigh House, Highbury New Park,N. 1865 Fietcuer, J. E., 26 McIntyre-road, St. John’s, Worcester. 1883 + FLetcuEr, William Holland B., M.A., Fairlawn, Worthing, Sussex. 1885 Foxksr, A. J. F., Zierikzee, Zeeland, Netherlands. 1880 Fow er, The Rev. Canon, M.A., F.L.S., Secretary, The School House, Lincoln. 1883 Freeman, Francis Ford, Abbotsfield, Tavistock, South Devon. 1888 Fremumn, H. Stuart, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Mereworth, : Maidstone, Kent. 1891 FrouHawk, F. W., 9 Dornton-road, Balham, 8.E. 1855 Fry, Alexander, F.L.S., Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood Park, Norwood, 8.E. 1889 FryEr, Charles John, Hmscote-road, Warwick. 1884 Fuuier, The Rev. Alfred, M.A., East Pallant, Chichester. 1887 Ganan, Charles J.,M.A., British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington, S.W.; and 8 Rylett Crescent, Shepherd's Bush, W. 1887 Gatton, Francis, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., 42 Rutland Gate, S.W. 1890 GarpneR, John, 6 Friars-Gate, Hartlepool. 1865 + Gopman, Frederick Du Cane, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S, F.Z.8., PRESIDENT, South Lodge, Lower Beeding, Horsham, Sussex; and 10 Chandos-street, Cavendish-square, W. 1890 GoxptTHwait, Oliver, 3 Duke of Edinburgh-road, Car- shalton, Surrey. 1886 + GoopricH, Captain Arthur Mainwaring, Aubrey, Lyming- ton, Hants. 1855 Goruam, Rev. Henry Stephen, F.Z.S., The Chestnuts, Shirley Warren, Southampton. 1874 Goss, Herbert, F.L.S., F.G.S., Secretary, Berrylands, Surbiton Hill, Surrey ; and11 Chandos-street, Cavendish- square, W. 1886 1891 1865 1888 LIST OF FELLOWS. XV GreEEN, A. P., Colombo, Ceylon. Green, E. Ernest, 10 Observatory Gardens, Campden Hill, W. GREENE, The Rey. Joseph, M.A., Rostrevor, Clifton, Bristol. GRIFFITHS, G. C., 48 Caledonian-place, Clifton, Bristol. 1890 + Hatz, A. E., Norbury, Pitsmoor, Sheffield. 1885 1891 1891 1891 1877 1886 1889 1889 1881 1888 1891 Hau, Thomas William, “ Stanhope,” The Crescent, Croy- don. Hampson, G. F., B.A., Thurnham Court, Maidstone, Kent. Hansury, Frederick J., F.L.S., 69 Clapton Common, Clapton, N.E. Hanson, R. E. Vernon, B.A., Monson Colonnade, Tun- bridge Wells, Kent. Harpine, George, The Grove, Fishponds, Bristol. Harris, John T., Newton-road, Burton-on-Trent. Harrison, John, 7 Gawber-road, Barnsley, Yorkshire. Henn, Arnold Umfreville, Heaton Chapel Rectory, near Stockport. Henry, George, 38 Wellington-square, Hastings. Hiees, Martin Stanger, Clarence House, Russell-street, Gloucester. Hit, Henry A., 182, Haverstock Hill, Hampstead, N.W. 1876 + Hittman, Thomas Stanton, Hastgate-street, Lewes. 1890 1888 1887 1887 1886 Hopexinson, J. B., Ellerslie, Ashton-on-Ribble, Preston, Lancashire. Hopson, The Rev. J. H., B.A., Wordfield, Clive-road, Penarth, Cardiff. Houuanp, The Rev. W. J., D.D., Ph.D., 5th Avenue, Pittsburg, Penn., United States. HonratH, Ed. G., 8 Unter den Linden, Berlin. Horner, A. C., Tonbridge, Kent. 1876 + Horniman, Fredk. John, F.L.S., F.Z.8., F.R.G.S., &c., Surrey Mount, Forest Hill, 8.B. 1865 + Hupp, A. E., ‘‘ Clinton,” Pembroke-road, Clifton, Bristol. 1888 Hupson, George Vernon, The Post Office, Wellington, New Zealand. 1880 } IncuBaxD, Peter, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Grosvenor Terrace, Horn- 1891 sea, Holderness. IsaBELL, The Rev. John, 65 Waddon Old-road, Croydon. XV1 LIST OF FELLOWS. 1886 Jacospy, Martin, 7 Hemstall-road, West Hampstead, N.W. 1885 + James, Harry Berkeley, F.Z.8., F.R.G.8., Las Salinas, Valparaiso, Chili; and The Oaks, Woodmansterne, near Epsom, Surrey. 1869 Janson, Oliver E., Perth-road, Stroud Green, N.; and 35 Little Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C. 1886 JENNER, James Herbert Augustus, 4 East-street, Lewes. 1886 Joun, Evan, Llantrissant, Pontypridd, Glamorganshire. 1889 Jounson, The Rey. W. F., M.A., Winder-terrace, Armagh, Ireland. 1888 Jonss, Albert H., Shrublands, Eltham, Kent. 1884 Kanz, W. F. de Vismes, M.A., M.R.LA., Sloperton Lodge, Kingstown, Ireland. 1884 Kapprz, A. W.,F.L.8.,5 Burlington Gardens, Chiswick, W. 1876 + Kay, John Dunning, Leeds. 1884 Keays, F. Lovell, F.L.8., 26 Charles-street, St. James, S.W. 1890 Kenrick, G. H., Whetstone, Somerset-road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. 1886 Kew, H. Wallis, 5 Giesbach-road, Upper Holloway, N. 1890 Kimper, Miss M., Cope Hall, Enborne, Newbury, Berks. 1890 Kine, J. J. F. X., 207 Sauchiehall-street, Glasgow. 1861 Kirsy, William F., F.L.8., 5 Burlington Gardens, Chis- wick, We 1889 KuaprAuex, Professor Franz, Zoological Department, Royal Museum, Prague, Bohemia. 1887 + Kunin, Sydney T., F.L.S., F.R.A.S. (Hon. Treasurer, Middlesex Natural History and Science Society), The Red House, Stanmore, Middlesex. 1876 Kraarz, Dr. G., 28 Link-strasse, Berlin. 1868 Lane, Colonel A. M., R.E., 7 Medina Villas, West Brighton. 1887 | LeEcu, John Henry, B.A., F.L.S., F.Z.8., F.R.G.S., &c., 29 Hyde Park Gate, S.W. 1891 Leteu, The Hon. Mary Cordelia Emily, Stoneleigh Abbey, Kenilworth. 1883 Lemann, Fredk. Charles, Blackfriars House, Plymouth. 1876 Lewis, George, F.L.8., 101 Sandgate-road, Folkestone. 1886 Livert, H. W., M.D., Wells, Somerset. LIST OF FELLOWS. XVll 1865 + Lurwetyn, Sir J. Talbot Dillwyn, Bart., M.A., F.L.S., Ynisgerwn, Neath. 1881 + Luoyp, Alfred, F.C.S., The Dome, Bognor, Sussex. 1885 Luoyp, Robert Wylie, St. Cuthberts, Thurleigh-road Nightingale-lane, Clapham Common. 1850 Lowr, W. H., M.D., Woodcote Lodge, Inner Park-road, Wimbledon Park, 8.W. 1850 + Lusgsocx, The Right Honble. Sir John, Bart., M.P., D.C.L., FE.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.8., &e., High Elms, Farnborough, Kent. 1880 Lupron, Henry, Lyndhurst, North Grange-rd., Headingley, Leeds. 1887 M‘Doucatt, James Thomas, Duwnolly, Morden-road, Blackheath, 8.E. 1851 + M‘Invosu, J. 1888 Macxinnon, P. W., The Old Brewery, Masurt, Western Himalayas, India. 1858 McLacuuan, Robert, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., TREAsuRER, Westview, Clarendon-road, Lewisham, 8.h. 1887 Manpers, Neville, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.8., Medical Staff Mess, Rawal Pindi, India. 1891 Manager, William, 100 Manor-road, New Cross, S.E. 1865 Marsnatt, The Rev. Thos. Ansell, M.A., Botusfleming Rectory, Hatt, Cornwall. 1856 + MarsHaut, William, Auchinraith, Bexley, Kent. 1874 + Mason, Philip Brookes, M.R.C.S., F.L.8., Burton-on-Trent. 1865 Maruew, Gervase F., R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.8., F.R.G.S., Lee House, Dovercourt, Essex. 1887 MarueEws, Coryndon, Hrme Wood, Ivybridge, South Devon. 1860 May, John William, K.N.L., Blenheim House, Parson's Green-lane, Fulham, 8.W. 1872 | Mexpoua, Prof. Raphael, F'.R.S., F.R.A.S8., F.C.8S., Vicx- PRESIDENT, 6 Brunswick-square, W.C. 1885 MELVILL, James Cosmo, M.A., F.L.S., &e., HEEL Cottage, Prestwich, Lancashire. 1887 MerrirteLD, Frederic, 24 Vernon-terrace, Brighton. 1888 Meryer-Darcis, care of Sogin & Meyer, Wohlen, Switzer- land. 1880 Meyrick, Edward, B.A., F.Z.8., Ramsbury, Hungerford, Berkshire. XVill 1883 1879 1853 1886 LIST OF FELLOWS. Mites, W. H., The New Club, Calcutta. Montetro, Senhor Antonio Augusto de Carvalho, 72 Rua do Alecrion, Lisbon. Moors, Frederic, F.Z.S., A.L.S., Claremont House, Avenue-road, Croydon-road, Penge, 8.E. Morean, A. C. F., F.L.S., Villa Nova de Gaya, Oporto, Portugal. 1889 + Moricr, The Rey. F.D., M.A., Fellow of Queen’s College, 1889 Oxford, 27 Hillmorton-road, Rugby. Mostery, 8. L., Beawmont Park, Huddersfield. 1869 + Mituer, Albert, F.R.G.S. 1872 + Murray, Lieut. H. 1886 1886 1889 1887 1878 1890 1882 1886 1886 1878 1869 1877 1883 1873 1°86 1878 1880 Morcu, J. P., 8359 Hornsey-road, N. Neave, B. W., 95 Queen’s-road, Brownswood Park, N. NEvINSON, Basil George, M.A., F.Z.S., 6 Tite-street, Chelsea, S.W. Newman, The Rev. W. J. H., M.A., The Vicarage, Steeple Barton, Oxon. Newman, Thomas P., F.Z.S., 54 Hatton Garden, E.C.; and Hazelhurst, Haslemere, Surrey. NEWSTEAD, R., The Musewm, Chester. Nic&viuue, Lionel de, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Indian Museum ; and 13 Kyd-street, Calcutta. NicHouson, William E., School Hill, Lewes, Sussex. Norris, Herbert E., 15 Market Place, Cirencester. NorripGe, Thomas, Ashford, Kent. OBERTHUR, Charles (fils), Rennes, France. OBERTHUR, René, Rennes, France. OLDFIELD, George W., M.A., F.L.8., F.Z.S., 21 Longridge- road, Earls Court, 8.W. OxiviER, Ernest, Ramillons, prés Moulins (Allier), France. OuutrF, Arthur Sidney, Government Entomologist, Depart- ment of Agriculture, Macquarie-street, Sydney, N. 8S. Wales. OrmeERoD, Miss Eleanor A., F.R.Met.S., Torrington House, Holywell Hill, St. Albans, Herts. OrmMEROD, Miss Georgiana, Torrington House, Holywell Hill, St. Albans, Herts. 1841 } Owen, Sir Richard, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., M.D., F.R.S8., F.L.S. F.G.8., &., Sheen Lodge, Richmond Park, 8.W. LIST OF FELLOWS. X1X 1854 Pascozn, Francis P., F.L.S., 1 Burlington-road, West- bourne Park, W. 1888 PENNINGTON, F., jun., Broome Hall, Holmwood, Surrey. 1883 Prrineury, Louis, South African Musewm, Cape Town, South Africa. 1879 PrErRxKins, Vincent Robt., Wotton-wnder-Hdge, Gloucester- shire. 1887 Puruuies, Charles Edmund Stanley, Castle House, Shooter’s Hull, Kent. 1891 Pierce, Frank Nelson, 143 Smithdown Lane, Liverpool. 1885 Pout, J. R. H. Neerwort van der, Heerengracht 476, Amsterdam. 1870 + Porritt, Geo. T., F.L.8., Greenfield House, Huddersfield. 1884 + Poutton, Edward B., M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., F.Z.8., Wykeham House, Banbury-road, Oxford. 1851 Preston, The Rey. Thomas Arthur, M.A., F.L.S., Thur- caston fectory, Leicester. 1876 PREUDHOMME DE Borers, Alfred , Rue Scutin11, Schaerbeck, Brussels. 1878 Price, David, 48 West-street, Horsham, Sussex. 1886 Raconot, H. L. (Ex-President Ento. Soc. France), 12 Quai de la Rapée, Paris. 1882 | RamspEn, Hildebrand, M.A., F.L.S., 26 Upper Bedford- place, Russell-square, W.C. 1874 Rerzp, Edwyn C., Banos de Cauquenes, Valparaiso, Chili. 1891 Ret, William, Prtcaple, Aberdeenshire. 1890 RenpiesHam, The Right Honble. Lord, Rendlesham Hall, Woodbridge, Suffolk. 1886 Ruopes, John, F.R.M.S., 860 Blackburn-road, Accrington, Lancashire. 1891 RicHarpson, Nelson M., B.A., Montevideo, near Weymouth, Dorset. - 1853 Ripon, The Most Honourable The Marquis of, K.G., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.8., &c., 9 Chelsea Himbankment, S.W. 1889 Rosinson, Arthur, B.A., Brettanby Manor, Darlington. 1869 + Ropinson-Dovenas, William Douglas, M.A., F.L.S., F.R.G.8., Orchardton, Castle Douglas, N.B. 1890 Rosson, John Emmerson, Hartlepool. 1886 Ross, Arthur J., 5 Royal Exchange Avenue, B.C. 1868 Rotuney, George Alexander James, 15 Versailles-road, Norwood, 8.E, XEX: LIST OF FELLOWS. 1888 RotuscHILp, The Honble. Walter de, F.Z.S., 148 Piccadilly, W.; and Tring Park, Tring, Herts. 1890 Rovriepes, G. B., 50 Russell-square, W.C. 1865 Rytanps, Thos. Glazebrook, F.L.S., F.G.8., Highfields, Thelwall, Warrington. 1885 Saset, Ernest, F.Z.S., F.R.G.S., Lynton House, South Side, Clapham Common, S.W. 1875 Saxe, Auguste, 13 Rwe Guy de la Brosse, Paris. 1866 + Satvin, Osbert, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., V.P.Z.S., 10 Chandos- street, Cavendish-sq., W.; and Hawksfold, Fernhurst, Haslemere. 1886 Satwey, Reginald E., ‘‘ Peace Wold,’ Radnor Park-road, Folkestone. 1865 + SaunpDERS, Edward, F.L.8S., St. Ann’s, Mount Hermon, Woking, Surrey. 1861 + SaunpERs, G.S., 20 Dents-rd., Wandsworth Common, S.W. 1886 SaunpeErs, Prof. Wm., London, Ontario, Canada (President of the Entomological Society of Ontario). 1881 Sconuick, A. J., 26 Warwick-road, Earl's Court, S.W. 1886 ScuppER, Samuel H., Cambridge, Mass., United States. 1875 + Srary, Alfred Forbes, Cochin, South India. 1864 Srmper, George, care of Bernhard Beer, Esq., 10 Newgate- street, E.C. 1862 Suarp, David, M.A., M.B., C.M., F.R.S., F.L.8., F.Z.S., Vicr-PRESIDENT, Hawthorndene, Hills-road, Cambridge ; and University Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Cambridge. 18838 Suaw, A. Eland, Wandsworth Dispensary, Wandsworth, S.W. 1883 + SHELLEY, Capt. George Ernest, F.G.S., F.Z.8., 18 Rutland Gate, W. 1887 Sicu, Alfred, Burlington Lane, Chiswick, W. 1887 Sipe@wick, A., M.A. (Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford), 64 Woodstock-road, Oxford. 1877 Suarer, John Wm., 36 Wray-crescent, Tollington Park, N. 1883 Smiru, Frederick W., Hollywood, Lewisham Hill, 8.E. 1869 Smirn, Henley Grose, F.Z.8., 5 Bryanston-square, Hyde Park, W. 1885 Sir, Sidney Philip, 22 Rylett-road, Shepherds Bush, W. 1885 Sout, Richard, 12 Abbey-gardens, St. John’s Wood, N.W. * +Spence, William Blundell, Hlorence, Italy. LIST OF FELLOWS. XX1 1891 Sr. Joun, The Rev. John Seymour, B.A., 42 Castlewood- road, Stamford Hull, N. 1848 + Stainton, Henry Tibbats, F.R.S., F.L.8., Mowntsfield, Lewisham, 8.E. 1889 STANDEN, Richard 8., 67 Harl’s Court-square, South Ken- sington, W. 1890 Stearns, A. E., New Mills Vottage, Henley-on-Thames. 1862 Stevens, John S., 7 Ravenna-road, Putney, 8.W. 1837 Stevens, Samuel, F.L.S., Loanda, Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood, S.E. 1891 Stitt, Major John Nathaniel, 4 Westcliff-terrace, Seaton, Devon; and Junior United Service Club, Charles-street, St. James’, S.W. 1889 Srtraton, C. R., F.R.C.8., West Lodge, Wilton, Wilts. 1886 Surrace, J. Lyddon, B.A., 76 Regent’s Park-road, N.W. 1882 Swanzy, Francis, Stanley House, Granville-road, Sevenoaks. 1884 SwinHor, Colonel Charles, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Avenue House, Cowley-road, Oxford. 1876 Swinton, A. H., Tudor Villas, Gery-street, Bedford. 1886 THEoBaALD, F. V., B.A., Chestnut Grove, Kingston-on- Thames. 1889 THORNEWILL, The Rev. C. F., M.A., Burton-on-Trent. 1859 + TrimeN, Roiand, F.R.S., F.L.S. (Curator of South African Museum), Cape Town, Cape Colony. 1891 TuUFFNELL, Carleton, Greenlands, Border-crescent, Syden- ham, 8.E. 1886 Turt, J. W., Rayleigh Villa, Westecombe Park, Blackheath, S.E. 1869 VaucHaN, Howard W. J., Woodford Green, Essex; and 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C. 1866 VERRALL, George Henry, Sussex Lodge, Newmarket. 1889 Vivian, H. W., Glenafon, Taiback, South Wales; and Trinity College, Cambridge. 1876 WakEFIELD, Charles Marcus, F.L.S., Belmont, Uxbridge. 1886 Watrker, Alfred O., F.L.8., Nant Glyn, Colwyn Bay, Denbighshire. 1870 Waker, The Rev. Francis Augustus, D.D., F.L.S., Dun Mallard, Cricklewood, N.W, XXli LIST OF FELLOWS. 1878 Watxer, JAMEs J., R.N., F.L.S., 23 Ranelagh-road, Marine Town, Sheerness. 1863 + Watuace, Alfred Russel, D.C.L., Oxon., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e., Corfe View, Parkstone, Dorset. 1889 Watutey, The Rev. John, Wuhu, China. 1866 + WausineHam, The Right Hon. Lord, M.A., LL.D., F.B.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Vicz-PResipEnt, High Steward of the University of Cambridge, Haton House, 66.4 Eaton-square, 8.W.; and Merton Hall, Thetford, Norfolk. 1886 WarREN, William, M.A., 3 Kempson-road, Walham Green, S.W.; and British Museum, Cromwell-road, S.W. 1869 WatERHOUSE, Charles O., Ingleside, Avenue Gardens, Acton, W.; and British Museum, Cromwell-road, S.W. 1891 + Watson, Capt. E. Y., F.Z.8., Indian Staff Corps, 5 Lypziatt- terrace, Cheltenham. 1845 Weir, John Jenner, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Chirbury, Beckenham, Kent. 1876 + WEsTERN, EH. Young, 27 Craven Hill Gardens, Bays- water, W. * ‘Westwoop, John Obadiah, M.A., F.L.S. (Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford), Honorary LiFe PRESIDENT, 67 Woodstock-road, Oxford. 1882 WerymeErR, Gustav, Sadowa-strasse 21a, Elberfeld, Rhenish Prussia. ; 1886 WHEELER, Francis D., M.A., LL.D., Paragon House School, Norwich. 1868 + Wuitz, F. Buchanan, M.D., F.L.S., Annat Lodge, Perth, N.B. 1865 Wuuter, The Rev. W. Farren, M.A., Stonehouse Vicarage, Gloucestershire. 1884 Wate, William, The Ruskin Museum, Meersbrook Park, Sheffield. 1882 Wiuiams, W. J., Zoological Society, Hanover-square, W. 1881 Woop, The Rev. Theodore, Merton Cottage, Baldock, Herts. 1891 WrovucurTon, R. C., Conservator of Forests, Poonah, India. 1888 Yerrsury, Major J. W., R.A., Colombo, Ceylon. 1886 Youna, Morris, Free Musewm, Paisley, N.B, ( sSanit )) AID ERON Ss Oe WE) Pa eB AS Ey Durine THE YEAR 1891. nn Abeille (L’). Journal d’Entomologie. Tome XXVII., Nos. 2—8. The Editor. Agricultural Gazette of N. 8. Wales. Vol. I., parts 2 and 3. Vol. II., parts 1—9. The Director. American Naturalist (The). Vol. XXYV., Nos. 289—297. The Publishers. Bere (Carlos). Sobre la Carpocapsa saltitans (Westw.) y la Grapholitha motrix (Berg), n. sp. The Author. Dyscophus onthophagus un nuevo grillo Uruguayo Cavernicola, The Author. Borre (A. Preudhomme de). Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de Limbourg. Coléoptéres. 4éme centurie. 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Vol. II., Annelés, 2iéme partie. Orthoptéres. Moulins, 1891. The Author. Lampyrides rapportés de Birmanie par M. L. Fea, avee descrip- tions des espéces nouvelles. Genova, 1891. The Author. Ormerop (Eleanor A.). Report of Observations of Injurious Insects during the year 1890 (14th Report). The Authoress. Osporn (Herbert). The Pediculi and Mallophaga affecting Man and the Lower Animals. Washington, 1891, The Author. (sexe) OscHaNnin (B.). The Zoogeographical Character of the Fauna of the Hemiptera of Turkestan. Taschkent, 1891. Pacnarp (A. S.). On some Points in the external Structure and Phylo- geny of Lepidopterous Larve. 1890. The Author. Fifth Report of the U.S. Entomological Commission on Insects injurious to Forest and Shade Trees. Washington, 1890. The Department of Agriculture. Pascox (F. P.). The Darwinian Theory of the Origin of Species. London, A Summary of the Darwinian Theory of the Origin of Species. London, 1891. The Author. Pecxuam (Geo. W. and ElizabethG.). Additional Observations on Sexual Selection in Spiders of the Family Attide. Milwaukee, 1890. The Authors. Phylloxera.—Rapport de la Station Viticole 4 Lausanne, 1890. Rapports de la Commission Administrative sur l’exercice, 1890. Assurance mutuelle contre le Phylloxera. Neufchatel, 1891. Le Phylloxera dans le Canton de Genéve en 1890. Report of the Phylloxera Commission, Cape of Good Hope, 1890. The Director, Roy. Gardens, Kew. REDTENBACHER (Josef). Monographie der Conocephaliden. Wien, 1891. The Author. Rintey (Charles V.). Report of the Entomologist for 1890. Insects affecting the Hackberry. The Insectivorous Habits of the English Sparrow. Reports of Observations and Experiments in the practical work of the Division of Entomology, 1890. Destructive Locusts (or ‘‘Grasshoppers’’) of the United States. The Author. SaunpErRS (Edward). The Tongues of the British Hymenoptera Antho- phila. 1890. The Author. Saussure (Henri de). Histoire naturelle des Hyménoptéres de Mada- gascar. P.I.(21 planches). Paris, 1890. The Author. ScuppeEr (S. H.). The Fossil Insects of North America, with Notes on some Huropean Species. 2 vols. 4to. New York, 1890. A Classed and Annotated Bibliography of Fossil Insects. Washington, 1890. Index to the known Fossil Insects of the World, including Myriapods and Arachnids. Washington, 1891. The Author. Saitu (John B.). Contributions toward a Monograph of the Noctuide of Temperate N. America :— (a) Revision of Homohadena (Grote). (b) Revision of Hadena referable to Xylophasia and Luperina. The Author. Sr. Joun (Rev. J. Seymour). Larva Collecting and Breeding. J. W. Dunning. C (iexexyl 2) SocretrEs, ScrentrFrc (Transactions of) :— (ApELAIDE.) Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia. Vol. XIII, part 2. Vol. XIV., part 1. The Society. (Berun.) Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. Jahrgang 1891, Heft I. By Exchange. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. Band XXXIYV., XXXV., 1890; and Band XXXVI., Heft I., 1891. By Exchange. (Bompay.) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Vol. V., Nos. 2 to 4. Vol. VI., No. 1. The Society. (Boston.) Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. XXY., parts 1 and 2. The Society. (Briinn.) Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Vereines in Briinn. Band XXVIII. 1890. The Society. (Brussets.) Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belyique. 1890. The Society. Bulletin de l’Académie Royale de Belgique. 3éme serie, 18 a21. Mémoires Couronnés (in 4to), t. L., LI. Do. Do. (in 8vo), t. 43 a 45. Annuaires 1890 et 1891. The Academy. (Buckuurst Hinu.) The Essex Naturalist,—the Journal of the Essex Field Club. Vol. V., parts 1—6. The Club. (BuENos Ayres.) Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires. Tomo II1., Entrega 5. The Museum. Revista Argentina de Historia Natural. Tomo I., Entrega 1 to 5. The Editor. (Cazn.) Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie. 4e Serie. 4e Vol. 1891. The Society. (CamBRipcE, Mass.) 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Proceedings and Transactions of the Noya Scotian Institute of Natural Science. Vol. VII., part 4. The Institute. (Sixexva |) Socretigs, Screntiric (Transactions of), continued :— (Hampurc.) Verhandlungen des Vereins fiir naturwissenschaftliche Unterhaltung. VII. Band. 1891. The Society. (Kinaston, Jamaica.) Journal of the Institute of Jamaica. Vol. L., No. l. The Institute. (Lonvon.) Proceedings of the Royal Society. Nos. 295 to 302. The Society. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology). Vol. XXIII., Nos. 147 and 148. Vol. XXIV., Nos. 149 and 150. The Society. Transactions of the Linnean Society. 2nd Series (Zoology). Vol. V., parts 4 to 7. The Society. Proceedings of the Linnean Society. 1888—1890. The Society. Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society, 1891, parts 1 to 3. The Society. Transactions of the Zoological Society. Vol. XIII., part 3. The Society. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. 3rd Series. Vol. II., parts 1 and 2. The Society. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1891, parts 1 to 5. The Society. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club. Series II. Vol. IV., Nos. 28 and 29. The Club. The Naturalist, a Journal of Natural History for the North of England. 1891. The Editors. (Montreau.) Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. 1890. The Society. (Moscow.) Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. 1890, Nos.2 to 4. 1891,No.1. The Society. (Paris.) Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 1890. The Society. (PHinapELPHIA.) Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Vol. XVII., Nos. 3 and 4. Vol. XVIII., No. 1. The Society. (ScHAFFHAUSEN.) Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Hntomolo- gischen Gesellschaft. Vol. VIII., Heft 5 to 8. 1890—1891. The Society. (StEertTin.) Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 52 Jahrgang, 1 to 6. 1891. The Society. (SypnEy.) Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 2nd Series. Vol. V. 1891. The Society. Records of the Australian Museum. Hdited by H. P. Ramsay, LL.D. Vol. 1., Nos. 4 to 9. 1890—1891. The Musewm. The 36th Annual Report of the Trustees of the Australian Museum for 1889. The Museun. (Topexa, Kansas.) Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Vol. XII. 1889 and 1890. The Acadenvy. (Tounouse.) Bulletin de la Societé d’histoire naturelle. 24iéme année. Avril a Juin, 1890. The Society. (Vienna.) Verhandlungen der k. k. zool.-bot. in Wien. XL. Band, 3and 4. XLI. Band, 1 and 2, Lhe Society. (Sxxvi 4) Societies, Screntiric (Transactions of), continwed :— (WasurIneron.) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Wash- ington. Vol. II., No. 1. The Society. (Wetuineron, N. Z.) Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. Vol. XXIII. 1890. The Institute. (WERNIGERODE, Saxony.) Schriften der Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein des Hartzes. V. Band. 1890. The Society. Srarnton (H. T.). The Larvee of the British Butterflies and Moths, by (the late) W. Bucxter. Vol. IV. (Noctue, Part I.). J. W. Dunning. TuHomson (C. G.). Opuscula Entomologica. Fase. XV. Purchased. Turr (J. W.). The British Noctue and their Varieties. Vol. I. 1891. The Author. Verrauu (G. H.). A List of British Diptera. 1888. The Author. Wartty (Alfred). Catalogue Raisonné of Silk-producing Lepidoptera. 1891. The Author. Watson (KE. Y.). Hesperiide Indice. 1891. The Author. Woop-Mason (James). A Catalogue of the Mantodea. No.2. 1891. Trustees of the Indian Museum. Natural Notes from H.M. Indian Marine Survey. Series II. No.1. Crustacea. The Author. Zoological Record for 1889. Purchased. Zoologist (The). London, 1891. T. P. Newman. THE PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LONDON For THE YrarR 1891. HH February 4, 1891. Freperick DuCane Gopman, Ksq., M.A., F.R.§., President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective Donors. Nomination of Vice-Presidents. The President nominated Lord Walsingham, M.A., F.B.5., Professor R. Meldola, F.R.S., and Dr. D. Sharp, F.R.S., Vice-Presidents for the Session 1891-92. Election of Fellows. Dr. Thomas A. Chapman, M.D., of ‘‘ Firbank,” Hereford; Mr. Horace St. John Donisthorpe, of 37, Courtfield Gardens, S.W.; Mr. F. W. Frohawk, of 9, Dornton Road, Balham, S.E.; Mr. EH. Ernest Green, of 10, Obser- vatory Gardens, Kensington, W.; Mr. G. F. Hampson, B.A., of Thurnham Court, Maidstone; Mr. F. J. Hanbury, F.L.S., of 69, Clapton Common, Upper Clapton, N.E.; and the PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., I., 1891. B (Ge) Hon. Mary Cordelia E. Leigh, of Stoneleigh Abbey, Kenil- worth, were elected Fellows of the Society. E«hibitions, dc. Mr. C. J. Gahan called attention to a larva which he had exhibited at the meeting of the Society on the 1st October last, when some doubt was expressed as to its affinities. He said that Prof. Riley and Dr. Packard had since suggested that the larva was that of a dipterous insect of the family Blepharoceride ; he was quite of the same opinion, and thought it might probably be referred to Hammatorrhina bella, Low, a species from Ceylon. Mr. Tutt exhibited a long series of Agrotis pyrophila, taken last year by Mr. Reid, near Pitcaple, in Aberdeenshire, and remarked that this species had been commoner than usual last year in Scotland, the Isle of Portland, and the Isle of Man. He also exhibited long and variable series of Melitea aurinia (artemis), Triphena orbona, Abraxas grossulariata, and Melanippe fluctuata, all from the same locality in Aberdeen- shire. The Rev. Canon Fowler exhibited a cocoon of Deiopeia pulchella, recently received from Lower Burmah. Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited specimens of Scyphophorus interstitialis, a Mexican species, and -4ceraius Comptoni, a Ceylonese species, recently taken by Mr. Bowring in his green- house. He also exhibited, on behalf of Miss Emily M. Sharpe, a specimen of Daphnis hypothous, Cramer, a native of Borneo, Java, and Ceylon, caught some years ago at Crieff, N.B. The specimen was formerly identified as Cherocampa nerii, under which name its capture was recorded in ‘The Ento- mologist,’ xiii. p. 162 (1880). The Rev. Dr. Walker exhibited a collection of Insecta and Arachnida, including many species of Orthoptera and Scorpiodea, recently received from Jerusalem. Papers &¢., read. Mr. Frederick Enock read an interesting paper entitled ‘“The Life-History of the Hessian Fly.” He commenced by mentioning the fact that though nearly a hundred papers ( ii ) had been written on the Hessian Fly by entomologists hailing from all parts of the globe, but few had the stamp of genuine originality, the greater part being mere compilations by so- called ‘‘arm-chair naturalists,” whose ignorance of the subject was proved by the mistakes they copied from the papers of previous compilers, who seldom gave the dates when their observations were supposed to have been made, which dates ' he considered to be of the utmost importance when following out the life-history of any insect. Those Fellows who desired information on the subject would find every fact relating to the history of the insect mentioned in the full account in the Transactions, verified by the date and time of day when the observation of such fact was made. The author stated that the Hessian Fly generally makes its first appearance in May, the greater part of the first brood emerging during June, and many up to the middle of July. Copulation takes place during the early morning hours, imme- diately after which the female proceeds to oviposit on the wheat and barley, laying her eggs in the longitudinal ridges of the upper surface of the freshest leaves, placing them in rows of from three to ten on each plant, and so laid that when the larve emerge their heads are towards the base of the leaves. In warm moist weather the eggs hatch in four days; the tiny larvee work their way down the ridges until they arrive at the leaf-sheath, between which and the stem they force their way down to a short distance above the joint, where they fix them- selves head downwards and towards the stem, the juices of which the larve steadily appropriate for their sustenance. As they increase in size so does the barley plant; but the latter is much weakened by the constant drain, which goes on for about twenty days, and though an ear is formed it is gene- rally a poor one, sickly looking, with half-developed grain too heavy for the weakened stem to bear through a heavy storm of wind or rain, and it soon bends down at the injured joint, just above the point where the larvee have been feeding; the ear resting on the ground is destroyed by the first prowling mouse. When full grown the larva discontinues feeding, the outer skin dries up and becomes of a bright red chestnut colour somewhat resembling a ‘“‘ flawseed’’; and it was when in this (iw ) stage that Mr. George Palmer first discovered it in Hertford- shire on July the 27th, 1886, though most practical entomolo- gists are now agreed that it had then been present in this country for some years. Whilst the change from larva to ‘« flaxseed,” or, more correctly speaking, to the coarctate larva or the puparium state has been going on, a most wonderful change has taken place inside; the larva in its third stage becoming detached and perfectly free from the dried up skin of the original larva. Below the mouth, on the second seg- ment, is now to be seen the so-called ‘‘ anchor process”’; various authors have expressed their opinions as to the use of this organ, the original idea being that it was used by the larva in obtaining its food. This error has been copied in the most orthodox ‘ follow-my-leader”’ fashion, clearly proving that the various stages had not been examined, for anyone who will look at a feeding larva will see at cence that the anchor process is not present. _ Myr. Enock said that although all authors state that the larva fixes itself head downwards and towards the stem, not one has ever explained how the fly emerges from this position. It was only after long and most careful observation and dis- section of the larva in its third stage that he was enabled to discover the true purpose of this small, and apparently insig- nificant, piece of apparatus known as the “anchor process.” When the larva has arrived at full growth and reached the puparium state, the internal larva lies dormant during the winter and spring months until the middle of May, when it commences to reverse its position and turn round within the puparium. Thisit is enabled to do by pressing the bifid points of the anchor process against the inside of the shell; then moving its body a short distance down it presses the sharp dorsal spines into the opposite side, releases the anchor pro- cess, and fixing it a little higher up it moves the body a little round and downwards; the head is again moved upwards, and so these movements go on until the larva has completely reversed its position from head downwards and inwards to head upwards and outwards in close proximity to the outer leaf- sheath. The larva soon changes toa pupa, casting its skin and anchor process ; in about thirteen days the fly is matured, and ( we ) the pupa forces its way through the brittle skin of the puparium and leaf-sheath, and in less than an hour anda half the fly has emerged, dried its wings, and flown away to seek a partner. The author stated that careful experiments, carried on from year to year, to ascertain whether the Hessian Fly is partheno- genetic have proved that it is not; but an interesting fact was discovered regarding the polygamous habits of the male, many having been isolated and proved to be able to impregnate six females. Puparia kept perfectly dry for two years produced perfect flies, showing that it was possible for the pest to have been introduced into America by the Hessian troops. Mr. Knock thought that the only way to keep this terrible scourge down was by breeding the parasites and turning them down in infested localities; but he did not see any chance that such a suggestion,—though its utility had been proved by hard facts,--would ever be acted on in Great Britain. In America, however, Professor Riley, the eminent State Entomologist, had accepted Mr. Enock’s offer to send over puparia con- taining the most prolific parasite, viz., Semiotellus nigripes; and Mr. Enock said that before the end of March between two and three thousand parasitised puparia would be in the hands of Professor Riley, who was not one to chill the enthusiasm of an entomologist by saying ‘‘ It can’t be done,” or ‘It is not practicable.’’ The paper was most elaborately illustrated by some sixty photographs thrown upon a large screen by the aid of a powerful oxy-hydrogen lantern, so that every detail could be distinctly seen by the large number of Fellows and visitors present at the meeting. Mr. G. H. Verrall said he believed the Hessian Fly was no more a recent introduction into this country than the Cabbage White Butterflies. He thought that the fact of its having so many parasites proved it to be an old inhabitant of Britain. When it was first introduced into America its parasites did not accompany it, and it con- sequently spread very rapidly; but since its parasites have appeared it has not done so much damage. Mr. Verrall further stated that the presence of the Hessian Fly had long ({ bya.) been known in Hssex and Lincolnshire, and that in the former county affected wheat was known as ‘“‘ Knickle-down,” i. e. ** Knuckle-down ’”’ wheat. The discussion was continued by Mr. Godman, Mr. Enock, and others. Mr. Roland Trimen communicated a paper entitled ‘“‘ On some recent Additions to the List of South African Butter- flies.” Mr. H. W. Bates communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ Additions to the Carabideous Fauna of Mexico, with remarks on species previously recorded.” Mr. W. F. Kirby read a paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on the genus Xanthospilopteryx, Waller.” Dr. D. Sharp contributed a paper entitled ‘On the Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan,’’ Pt. 2. March 4, 1891. The Rt. Hon. Lord Watsinenam, M.A., F.R.S., Vice- President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective Donors. Exhibitions, dc. Mr. F. P. Pascoe exhibited, and made remarks on, a curious Coleopterous larva, with a case somewhat resembling that of the Lepidopterous genus Psyche, which was found at the Theatre of Bacchus, Athens. Mr. J. W. Douglas sent for exhibition specimens of Icerya (Crossatosoma) egyptiaca, which, through the kindness of Mr. A. D. Michael, he had received from Alexandria on the 19th January last. It was stated that in travelling most of them had become loose, and had lost their waxen appendages ; but a few still remained on the stems of their food-plant. In connection with this subject, Mr. G. H. Verrall alluded to a Dipterous parasite of Icerya from Adelaide—Lestophonus icerye, Williston—which had been bred from Icerya Purchasi, Mask., last February. Mr. M‘Lachlan and Lord Walsingham con- tinued the discussion. (Ay) Mr. R. Adkin exhibited a long and interesting series of Triphena comes (orbona), from various parts of the South of England, Yorkshire, Forres, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Lewis, and the North of Ireland. Mr. G. F. Hampson exhibited a series of varieties of Plotheia frontalis, Walk., which was the only species in the genus, and confined to Ceylon. He said that the varied forms of this species had been described under twenty-one different names by Walker, Felder, and Moore. Mr. F. Merrifield exhibited a number of specimens showing that the colouring of the spring emergence of Selenia illustraria, as well as that of the summer emergence, was materially affected by the temperature to which the pupa was exposed in its later stages. Three separate broods had each been divided into two parts, the pupe of one division being exposed to a temperature of 80° Fahr., those of the other division to 60°. The whole of those so treated, so far as they had yet appeared, were exhibited. Those of the former division were on the upper surface of a rather uniform light chestnut orange, and contrasted with the greater richness and darkness and variety of colour in the latter, the lightest specimen of which was, in each of the three broods, darker than the darkest of the other division. On the undersides the differences were equally marked. He also exhibited samples of two summer brocds of S. illustraria not exhibited before, where there were similar differences ; in this case the cooler division had been at about 60° to 65°, the other division at 80°; also a series of about fifty Ennomos autumnaria not before shown, rather more than half having been during the later pupal stages at a temperature of 80°, and the rest of them during these stages at the ordinary temperature of a room in July, ranging from about 65° to 70°, the general colouring of the latter being much the darker. There could be no other rational explanation of these differences than that they were caused by temperature; darkness, richness and variety of colouring being in the case of these insects promoted by the lower temperature. It need scarcely be added that a temperature influence, which thus extended to the colouring of the individuals belonging to both the spring and the summer forms of a double brooded species showing G yaat p) great seasonal dimorphism, and to a variable single brooded species, must be of wide general application; how general, could only be ascertained by the co-operation of many observers; and he ventured to hope that entomologists would, as opportunity offered, turn their attention to the subject, and report the results in the publications devoted to this branch of natural history. He thought almost any variable species, especially where the variations were associated with climate or season, would be worth trying. The means by which tem- perature operated was a question of difficulty which such experiments and observations might throw light on. Mr. Merrifield said he thought it had been shown that general retardation was not a satisfactory explanation, for a pupa of 18 weeks, which for the last 8 or 10 days was exposed to 80°, thus being 19 to 20 weeks in pupa, produced a lighter-coloured moth than one of only 2 or 3 weeks that was exposed for 18 or 20 days to 60°, and was thus about 5 or 6 weeks in the pupal condition. It was of course exceedingly difficult in ordinary cases to distinguish between cold and retardation as a cause, because the former produced the latter, and for practical pur- poses it did not matter; but theoretically it was important. Prof. Weismann’s theory, founded on the proposition that in seasonally dimorphic species the ancestral form could not be made to assume the characters of the form of later origin, but that the latter could be made to assume those of the former, did not here fully meet the case so far as the striking character- istic of colour was concerned, for it had been shown that either the spring or the summer emergence was ready to assume the colouring proper to the other when the appropriate temperature stimulus was applied. Mr. Elwes said that in his experience in many parts of the Palearctic region, in Japan, in the Taunus Mountains, on the north-eastern shores of the Mediterranean, in the Canary Islands, and elsewhere, where there was a combination of heat and moisture, all the commoner species of Lepidoptera occurring in these countries and districts attained a larger size and a greater brillianey of colouring than in colder and drier regions; and he referred to such species, amongst others, as Pieris brassice and Argynnis paphia. The discussion was continued by Mr. Jacoby, Mr. Fenn, and others, C™ix 2) Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher exhibited a long series of Zygena lonicere from York, and Zygena filipendule from Shoreham, Sussex; also a series of hybrids obtained by crossing these two species. He stated that the eges obtained from these hybrids were all infertile. Lord Walsingham said this latter fact was extremely interesting. Mr. F. W. Frohawk exhibited a living specimen of an ichneumon which had just emerged from a chrysalis of Papilio turnus. ‘2 Mr. C. J. Gahan exhibited a number of species belonging to the genera. Lema and Diabrotica. Paper read. Mr. C. J. Gahan read a paper entitled ‘‘On mimetic resemblances between species of the Coleopterous genera Lema and Diabrotica.’’ Lord Walsingham, Mr. Jacoby, Colonel Swinhoe, and Mr. Champion took part in the discussion which ensued. April 1, 1891. Professor Rarpnart Menpoua, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective Donors. Election of Fellows. Mr. G. A. Booth, of Fern Hill, Grange-over-Sands, North Lancashire; and Mr. W. Manger, of 100, Manor Road, New Cross, S.E., were elected Fellows of the Society. Hahibitions, &c. Mr. H. J. Elwes showed a small but very interesting collection of butterflies from Laggan Alberta, N.W. Territory of Canada, taken by Mr. Bean at high elevations in the Rocky Mountains. Amongst them were Colias elis, Streck., which seemed to be very close to, if not identical with, C. hecla of Europe; 4rgynnis alberta, W. H. Edw.; and Chionobas sub- hyalina, W. H. Edw. The resemblance between the butter- PROC. ENT. SOC, LOND., ., 1891. Cc (gx flies of this locality and those found on the Fells of Lapland was very striking, some of the species being identical, and others very closely allied. Mr. Elwes said that it was another proof, if one were wanted, of the uniformity of the butterflies found throughout the boreal region in the Old and New Worlds. Mr. G. C. Champion exhibited several insects recently received from Mr. J. J. Walker, from Hobart, Tasmania. The collection included a curious species of Forficulide, with asymmetrical forceps, from the summit of Mount Wellington; two mimetic species of Gidemeride belonging to the genus Pseudolycus, Guér., and the corresponding Lycide, which were found with them; also specimens of both sexes of Lamprima rutilans, Er. Mr. N. M. Richardson exhibited a specimen of Zygena jilipendule with five wings; a second specimen of the same species with the middle legs on the right side much dwarfed ; four specimens of Gelechia ocellatella, including a pink variety, bred from Beta maritima; four specimens of Tinea subtilella, a species new to Britain, taken last August in the Isle of Portland; also specimens of Nepticula auromarginella, a species new to Britain, bred from larve taken near Weymouth on bramble. Dr. Sharp and Mr. M‘Lachlan commented on the structural peculiarities of the two specimens of Zygena. Mr. C. Fenn exhibited a series of Tentiocampa instabilis, which had been bred during the recent severe weather. They were all bred from ova laid by the same female, and many of them were of an abnormally pale colour. Mr. Fenn said that, according to Mr. Merrifield’s theory, these pale specimens, in consequence of the temperature to which they had been subjected in the pupal state, ought to have been very dark. Mr. Jenner Weir, referring to the pale specimens, said he had never before seen any of so light a colour. Mr. W. Dannatt exhibited a butterfly belonging to the genus Crenis, recently received from the Lower Congo. He said he believed the species was Crenis Benguele. Mr. G, A. J. Rothney sent for exhibition several specimens of an ant (Sima rufo-nigra), from Bengal, together with speci- mens of a small sand-wasp (Rhinopsis ruficornis) and a spider ( ix} (Salticus), both of which closely mimicked the ant. It was stated that the specimens of Rhinopsis exhibited had lately been received from Mr. R. C. Wroughton, Conservator of Forests, Poona. Papers dc., read. Mr. Rothney communicated the following short paper on the subject of the ants and mimicking sand wasps and spiders exhibited, entitled ‘‘ Further notes on Indian Ants.” ‘Tn a paper on ‘ Indian Ants,’ read at the meeting of this Society, April 3rd, 1889, I referred to a case of a sand-wasp (since described by Mr. Cameron as Rhinopsis ruficornis) closely mimicking the ant, Sima rufo-nigra, which is a common ant in Bengal. I had only observed three of these wasps in company with the ants, and of these had only captured one, which was exhibited at that meeting. By the last mail I received from Mr. R. C. Wroughton, Conservator of Forests, Poona, several specimens of this wasp which I have sent for exhibition. Mr. Wroughton writes :— ‘I am sending you a parcel containing some specimens of the Ampulex (Rhinopsis) which mimics Sima rufo-nigra. I found an oasis of irrigation in the Konkau, and there was rufo-nigra like a fly in amber, and moreover any quantity of the Rhinopsis ; I got about a dozen specimens. I also saw two or three of these wasps collar a peculiar cockroach by the antenne and lead it off into a crack in the bark, but as the cockroach reappeared smiling each time I don’t know what was up. The ants took no notice of the cockroach.’ ‘“T consider the point of interest to be that directly this ant, Sima rufo-nigra, is found in some numbers on the Western side of India, this mimicking wasp should also appear. Mr. Wroughton’s observations and captures of Rhinopsis thus very conclusively confirming this curious case of mimickry. It is also interesting that both this wasp and a spider, Salticus, should so closely mimic this ant; but as Sima rufo-nigra is a strong fierce species armed with an exceptionally powerful and pungent sting, this may afford some reason for the imitation.” Mr. G. C. Champion read a paper entitled ‘A list of the Heteromerous Coleoptera collected by Mr. J.J. Walker, R.N., (xa) }) in the neighbourhood of Gibraltar, with descriptions of four new species.’’ At the conclusion of the meeting a discussion ensued, in which Mr. Kirby, Mr. Elwes, Mr. M‘Lachlan, Mr. Jenner Weir, Dr. Sharp, and Mr. Crowley took part. May 6, 1891. FrepErtck DuCanz Gopman, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective Donors. Election of Fellows. Mr. Robert A. Dallas Beeching, of 24, St. James’s Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent; Mr. H. Shortridge Clarke, of Douglas, Isle of Man; Monsieur Léon Fairmaire, of 21, Rue du Dragon, Paris; Mr. Wm. Reid, of Pitcaple, Aberdeenshire; and Mr. Nelson M. Richardson, B.A., of Montevideo, Wey- mouth, were elected Fellows of the Society. Exhibitions, dc. Dr. D. Sharp exhibited a number of eggs of Dytiscus mar- ginalis laid on the sheath of a species of reed, and commented on the manner of their oviposition, which he said had been fully described by Dr. Régimbart. The Rev. A. E. Eaton exhibited a collection of Psychodidae from Somersetshire, including six species of Psychoda, eleven species of Periconia, and one species of Ulomyia. Mr. M‘Lachlan commented on the interesting nature of the exhibition. Mr. P. Crowley exhibited a specimen of Prothoé caledonia, a very handsome butterfly from Perak; and a specimen of another equally handsome species of the same genus from Tonghou, Burmah, which was said to be undescribed. - The Secretary read the following letter from Mr. Merrifield in connection with certain remarks made by Mr. Fenn at the April meeting of the Society :— (xn ) «94, Vernon Terrace, Brighton, : 20th April, 1891. My Dear Sir, : As I fear that I shall be unable to be present at the meeting of the Society on the 6th May, I write to ask you to be good enough to read this letter, to correct some surprising errors into which Mr. C. Fenn, if he is correctly reported, has fallen. That gentleman is reported, in the ‘ Proceedings ’* of the Entom. Soe. of 1st April, to have said, with reference to a brood of 7’. instabilis which he exhibited, including some abnormally pale examples, that they ‘had been bred during the recent severe weather,’ and that, ‘according to Mr. Merrifield’s theory, they ought to have been very dark.’ Further, the same gentleman is re- ported to have stated, at the South London Entomological Society’s meeting of the 9th April, of the same brood, that these pale varieties ‘completely overthrow Mr. Merrifield’s suggestion that exposure to great cold just before emergence tended to produce dark coloration, as these were exposed to very extreme cold.’ If Mr. Fenn will be so good as to refer to my views, which are to be found recorded in the ‘ Trans- actions’ of the Society, he will see that he has entirely mis- apprehended them. I have never suggested, or imagined, that coloration is, in all species of Lepidoptera, affected by exposure of the pupa to a low temperature. What I have stated (and found, by the invariable result in many broods, some as healthy as could be seen) is, that exposure of the pupa, shortly (not immediately) before emergence, to a low temperature (defined in the next sentence) does tend to pro- duce darkness of coloration in S. illustraria, both summer and spring emergence, and in Ff. autumnaria, and probably in many other species (Ent. Trans., 1891, pp. 164, 167). This of course is quite consistent with 7’. instabilis not being so affected. Secondly, as to the degree of low temperature which is efficacious, I have expressly stated ‘that in the species operated on, a difference between 80° and 57° is * See reports of ‘ Proceedings’ of April meeting of the Ento. Soc. in the ‘Atheneum,’ ‘Nature,’ ‘The Zoologist,’ the ‘Entomologist,’ the ‘Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,’ &c. ( xy 4) sufficient to produce the eatreme variation in darkness caused by temperature, a further lowering of the temperature having no further effect’ (Ibid., see also p. 158). In Mr. Fenn’s experi- ment the temperature must have been below 40°; consequently the results are entirely consistent with my theory. Yours very truly, H. Goss, Esq.” F. Merririecp. The Secretary also read the following letter which Lord Walsingham had received from Sir §. A. Blackwood, the Secretary of the Post Office, in answer to the memorial which, on behalf of the Society, had been submitted to the Postmaster-General, asking that small parcels containing scientific specimens might be sent to places abroad at the reduced rates of postage applicable to packets of bond fide trade patterns and samples :— “‘ General Post Office, London, April 18th, 1891. My Lord, Referring to your Lordship’s letter of the 18th of last month, and to the memorial which you enclosed, on behalf of various persons engaged in scientific studies, I am directed by the Postmaster-General to acquaint you that he is anxious to give effect, so far as lies in his power, to the desire of the memorialists, that small parcels containing scientific specimens, &c., may be sent to places abroad at the reduced rates of postage at present applicable only to packets of bona fide trade patterns and samples. Your Lordship will no doubt be glad to learn, therefore, that so far as this Department is concerned, scientific speci- mens sent by sample post, and addressed to places abroad, will not be stopped in future; but I must state that this Department cannot guarantee the delivery of such specimens abroad, inasmuch as they do not come within the definition of sample packets as prescribed by the Postal Union. I have the honour to be, &e., S. A. Buacxwoop. The Rt. Hon. Lord Walsingham, F.R.S., &c.”’ (57) June 3, 1891. Freperick DuCann Gopman, Hsq., M.A., F.R.S., President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective donors. Election of Fellows. Mr. J. M. Adye, of Somerford Grange, Christchurch, Hants; and the Rey. John Seymour St. John, B.A., of 42, Castlewood Road, Stamford Hill, N., were elected Fellows of the Society. Exhibitions, dc. Mr. E. B. Poulton exhibited the young larve of E’ndromis versicolora in the second stage. At this period the larve arrange themselves in small groups upon the leaves and leaf-stalks of the birch, and when disturbed they raise the anterior part, bending the head over the dorsal surface of the posterior part of the body. In this attitude they strongly remind the observer of those Tenthredo larve, which, when irritated, bend the tail forwards over the anterior part of the body. The fact that the head is raised in the one, and the tail in the other, does not cause any conspicuous difference when the larvee are seen from alittle distance. The common Tenthredo larva, Cresus septentrionalis, is about the same size as these small Lepidopterous larve, feeds in similar small groups when large (when small the groups contain far more individuals), and also often frequents the birch. Experiments have shown that Tenthredo larve are, as a whole, far more unpalatable than Lepidopterous larve, so that the resemblance would be of advantage to the Hndromis larvee. Mr. Poulton also showed the cocoons of Hriogaster lanestris. These cocoons are generally believed to be formed of silk so tightly woven as to produce the compact egg-shell like structure which gives the common name of ‘‘ Hgger”’ to the moth. Mr. Poulton had found, with the help of Professor Meldola, the texture is due to the fact that the silken walls are plastered over with a hardened paste of calcium oxalate. The silken constituent forms but a small part of the whole ; PROC. ENT. SOC. LOND., 11., 1891. D (eas) ) it is in the form of a very loose and open frame-work which is first constructed, and: serves as a foundation for the paste which is poured out upon it. The calcium oxalate is secreted by the malpighian tubules of the larva, and is in all pro- bability poured out from the anus. Dissected specimens of mature larve which had not yet spun their cocoons were also exhibited, and it was seen that the malpighian tubules were injected with a chalky secretion, the calcium oxalate. Mr. W.H. Blandford called attention to the fact that the larvee of Liparis monacha remained in small groups on the bark of the tree for about a week after emerging from the eggs, and that this fact was taken advantage of by the German foresters to destroy them. Also that he had himself verified the statement that uric acid can be detected in the malpighian tubes of insects. Mr. M‘Lachlan agreed that the demonstration that the malpighian tubes were of the nature of renal organs was now satisfactory. Mr. C. J. Gahan exhibited two species of Coleoptera that he considered to possess a mimetic resemblance, viz. Estigmena chinensis, one of the Hispide, and a nondescript Lamiid allied to Pemptolasius. He called attention to a peculiar structure of the antenne in the latter by which the resemblance was increased. _ Mr. Tutt exhibited a hybrid between Amphidasis prodromaria and A. betularia, obtained by Dr. Chapman. Mr. Stainton commented on the fact that the two imsects appeared at different times; and Mr. Tutt stated that the A. betularia had heen subjected to forcing, so as to cause it to emerge at the same time as A. prodromaria. Mr. Tutt also exhibited forms of Caradrina, some of which he said were considered distinct on the Continent, though they were not recognised as such in this country, viz. Cara- drina taraxaci (blanda), C. superstes, Tr., from Sligo, and C. superstes, H.-S., considered as synonymous with superstes, Tr., but apparently more closely allied to C. ambigua. Mr. Bristowe exhibited varieties of Arctia menthastri, some of which had been fed on mulberry and others on walnut; no difference was observed in the variation, (Agu) Mr. G. Elisha exhibited larve in their cases of Coleophora vibicigerella and CU. maritimella. Paper read. Mr. A.G. Butler communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ Additional notes on the synonymy of the genera of Noctuid Moths.” July 1, 1891, Freperick DuCanz Gopman, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective donors. Election of a Fellow. The Rey. John Isabell, of St. Sennen Rectory, Penzance, was elected a Fellow of the Society. Eahibitions, &c. Mr. Jacoby exhibited a specimen of a species of Coleoptera belonging to the family Galerucide, with the maxillary palpi extraordinarily developed. Canon Fowler, on behalf of Mr. Wroughton, Conservator of Forests, Poona, exhibited specimens of a bug imitating an ant, Polyrachis spiniger, and of a spider imitating a species of Mutilla, and read the following notes :—‘‘I have taken a good many specimens of a bug which has achieved a very fair imitation of Polyrachis spiniger (ander the same stone with which it may be found), even to the extent of evolving a pedicle and spines in what, were it an ant, would be its meta- notum. Curiously enough, however, these spines are apparently not alike in any two specimens. Is it that this bug is still waiting for one of its race to accidentally sport spines more like those of P. spiniger, and thus to set the ball of evolution rolling afresh ? or is it that the present rough copy of spiniger’s spines is found sufficient to deceive ? The bug has algo been found in the Nilgherries. Mr. Rothney (anni) remarks on the above species :—‘ I have not found the species mimicking Mutilla ; but in Calcutta and Barrackpore, where P. spiniger is a tree ant, forming its net by spinning together the twigs of a shrub, the mimicking bug also assumes arboreal habits, and may be found on the trunks of trees with the ants.’”’ Mr. Porritt exhibited living specimens of Hupithecia exten- saria and Geometra smaragdaria: the position assumed by the former proved conclusively that it had rightly been placed in the genus Fupithecia. Mr. Crowley exhibited two specimens of a Papilio from the Khasia hills, belonging to an undescribed species allied to P. papone, sub-generic section Chilades. Col. Swinhoe remarked that he possessed a specimen from Northern Burmah. Mr. Moore and others took part in the discussion which followed. Mr. Dallas Beeching exhibited a specimen of Plusia moneta, recently taken by himself at High Woods, Tonbridge, and specimens of Gonepteryx cleopatra, lent him for exhibition, which were alleged to have come from the same locality. Dr. Algernon Chapman exhibited the larva of Micropteryx calthella, and read the following notes :—‘‘ The larve were obtained by placing moths in a cage with damp moss, dead leaves, and other débris off the surface of the ground. Into this the moths crept to a depth of half-an-inch, forcing their way into narrow cavities, and laid their eggs in groups of six or twelve. The eggs are clothed with fine hairs, tipped with refractive particles. The larva, about a millimetre in length, possesses on each segment eight processes of a globular form raised on a very slight pedicle. Besides the thoracic legs, each of the abdominal segments (eight) possesses a pair of minute jointed legs of the same type as the thoracic. There are also a pair of long jointed antenne.”’ Papers dc., read. Col. Swinhoe read a paper ‘‘ On new species of Heterocera from the Khasia Hills.”’ Mr. Crowley read a paper ‘“‘ On a new species of Prothoe.”’ Mr. C. J. Gahan read a paper “On the South American (xix: }) species of Diabrotica,” Part II., being a continuation of Dr. Baly’s paper on the same genus published in the Society’s Transactions for 1890, Part I. Mr. W. F. Kirby communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on the Orthopterous family Mecopodide.” Prof. Westwood communicated a paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on Siphonophora artocarpi,” referring to an appendage of the eyes which had been overlooked in his previous description. August 5, 1891. Freperick DuCane Gopmay, Esq., M.A., F.R.S8., President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective donors. Election of Fellows. Mr. Arthur J. Chitty, of 83, Queen’s Gate Gardens, S.W.; and Captain EK. G. Watson, of 5, Lypiatt Terrace, Cheltenham, were elected Fellows of the Society. Death of the Hon. Librarian. The President announced the death of Mr. Ferdinand Grut, the Hon. Librarian of the Society, and commented on the valuable services which the deceased gentleman had rendered the Society for many years past. Halibitions, éc. Dr. D. Sharp exhibited Japya solifugus, from the Hastern Pyrenees, and stated that in his opinion it was a connecting link between the Thysanura and Dermaptera. He also ex- hibited pupx of Dytiscus marginalis ; one of these was perfectly developed, with the exception that it retained the larval head: this was owing to the larva having received a slight injury to the head. Dr. Sharp also exhibited specimens of Ophonus puncticollis and allied species, and said that Thomson’s characters of the three Swedish species, O. puncticollis, O. ( ax brevicollis, and O. rectangulus, applied well to our British examples, and separated them in a satisfactory manner. Thomson’s nomenclature, however, would he thought prove untenable, as the distinguished Swede described our common puncticollis as a new species under the name of rectangulus. Mr. F. W. Frohawk exhibited a bleached specimen of Epinephele janira, having the right fore wing of a creamy white, blending into pale smoky brown at the base; also a long and varied series of Hpinephele hyperanthus, from the New Forest and Dorking. The specimens from the former locality were considerably darker and more strongly marked than those from the chalk. Amongst the specimens was a variety of the female with large lanceolate markings on the under side, taken in the New Forest in July, 1890, and a female from Dorking with large, clearly defined white- pupilled spots on the upper side. Mr. Frohawk further exhibited drawings of varieties of the pupe of F. hyperanthus, and also a large specimen of a variety of the female of Euchloé cardamines, bred from ova obtained in South Cork, with the hind wings of an ochreous-yellow colour. Coloured drawings illustrating the life-history of the specimen in all its stages were also exhibited. Paper read. Mr. H. J. Elwes communicated a paper by Mons. Sergé Alphéraky, of St. Petersburg, entitled ‘*‘ On some cases of Dimorphism and Polymorphism among Palearctic Lepi- doptera.”’ September 2, 1891. Frepertck DuCanz Gopman, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., President, in the chair. Donations to the Library were announced and thanks voted to the respective donors. Election of Fellows. Mr. William H. Blaber, of Groombridge, Sussex; Mr. Thomas D. A. Cockerell, F.Z.S., of Kingston, Jamaica; Mr. (xox) Reginald K. V. Hanson, B.A., of Tunbridge Wells, Kent; and Mr. R. C. Wroughton, of Poona, India, were elected Fellows of the Society, Exhibitions, de. Mr. G. F. Scott-Elliot exhibited a series of various species of Diptera collected on Ranunculaceae, Papaveracee, and Cruci- fere. He said that during the past summer he had studied about forty species of plants belonging to the orders named, and that they had all been visited by insects which were probably necessary for nectariferous flowers. The majority of the Diptera caught were not confined to one species or even genus, but in view of the unmodified character of the flower in the orders named this was only to be expected. This, however, does not apply to Fumaria, to whose scanty list of clients Pieris must be added, nor to Corydalis, of which the species claviculata and lutea are abundantly visited by humble-bees. The low character of these orders explains also the absence of any specially interesting adaptations; a twisting outwards of the filaments in some of the Crucifer@, however, has the effect of surrounding the honey-canal by three dehiscing anthers, and in Crambe this has resulted in a erooving of the filament and formation of a peculiar hook adapted to this end. Mr. Verrall observed that certain insects affected certain plants, but that the Geraniacee were seldom visited except by H'mpide. The discussion was con- tinued by Mr. M‘Lachlan, Mr. Kirby, and others. Mr. W. L. Distant exhibited a specimen of the orthopterous insect. Hemisaga hastata, de Sauss, which, in the Transvaal, he observed to attack and feed on Danais chrysippus, a butter- fly well known from its protective character and distasteful qualities to have a complete immunity from the usual lepidopteral enemies. The Hemisaga lurked amongst the tops of tall flowering grasses, being consequently disguised by its protective resemblance to the same, and seized the Danais as it settled on the bloom. From close watching and observation Mr. Distant could discover no other danger to the life of this well-known and highly protected butterfly. (> xxny Mr, T. R. Billups exhibited some interesting species of Diptera, taken at Oxshott, Surrey, on the 11th July last. He also exhibited a specimen of Hypoderma bovis, Deg., taken at Plumstead on the 29th July last. Dr. D. Sharp exhibited several species of Forficulide, and called attention to the diverse conditions of the parts repre- senting the wings in the apterous forms. Mv. H. Goss exhibited living larve of Scoria dealbata, reared from ova. They were feeding on Polygonum aviculare, but not very freely; Brachypodium sylvaticum had been named as a food- plant for this species, but he did not find that the larvee would eat this or any other grass. The Rey. Dr. Walker exhibited, and read notes on, a collection of Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Neurop- tera, and Diptera, which he had recently made near Roldal, in Norway. The collection included the following species :— Lepmoptera.—Pieris brassice, P. rape, Satyrus mera, Erebia lappona, E. ligea, E. medusa, Cenonympha pamphilus, Vanessa cardui, V. urtice, Chrysophanus phleas, C. chryseis, C. virgauree, Polyommatus alexis, P. argus, Argynnis aglaia, A. ino, A. euphrosyne, A. pales, Melitea cinxia, Pamphila sylvanus, Chareas graminis, Caradrina cubicularis, Ab) Ws Interest on Investments 11 1 0 Bone ea ) ¢ Se aaa Lives Subscriptions repaid Sale of Publications - 95 15 11 . (paid in error) - > 88 Donations - : - 32 0 8 | Subscriptions in ad- vance (per contra) - 12 12 Balance, Dec, 31st, 1891 24 17 £552 14 8 £552 14 ASSETS. Subscriptions in arrear (considered good), £6 6s. Od. Investments :— Cost of £427 19s. 3d. Consols = £408 13s. Od. LIABILITIES. (Nil.) Rosert McLacuran, Treasurer. Examined and found correct, SAMUEL STEVENS. HERBERT DRUCE. an H CHARLES G. BARRETT. 12th January, 1892. (7 ssa a) THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS.* GENTLEMEN, Ir an apology for the shortcomings of his Address to you is ever necessary from your President, it is especially so from the present occupant of this chair. So far as Entomo- logy is concerned, I am already in the position of one of your future members, whom Lord Walsingham, in his Address to you two years ago, described as having so specialised his work that he could not venture to call himself by so general a term as an entomologist, but rather a Pieridist or Hispidist. At the present moment I am little more than an Hesperiidist, and I think my work is cut out for me for some time to come. The study of this most obscure and difficult family of Lepi- doptera does not furnish material for a Presidential Address, and yet the work to be done to reduce even the Mexican and Central American species to order is so exacting that with other occupations no time is left me to look right or left beyond the limits of my task. I am reduced therefore to saying a very few words to you on a subject which has already occupied to some extent the recent Addresses of both Dr. Sharp and Lord Walsingham. I refer (1) to the acquisition of fresh entomological materials in the shape of collections, (2) to their examination, and (3) their ultimate disposal. In estimating the probable number of existing species of insects, Dr. Sharp arrived at the formidable total of 2,000,000, and Lord Walsingham was disposed to look upon this figure as probably not too high. As our present knowledge extends to about 200,000 species, there remain 1,800,000 yet un- * In consequence of the death of H.R.H. the Duke of Clarence, the Annual Meeting was adjourned from the 20th to the 27th January, 1892. (i oxlivae) described, of which probably 100,000 are represented by unnamed specimens in our collections; the rest await discovery. The acquisition of fresh materials from collections therefore is not likely to slacken for a long time to come; indeed, when the taste for the study of more showy forms changes for one that will comprehend the less bright and smaller but not less interesting ones, it is certain that new species will pour in upon us at a higher rate than ever. In spite of this increase of work the harvest that reaches us now, so far aS my own experience goes, is greater than our workers can deal with, and had wea few more such ardent collectors as, say, Mr. Champion or Mr. Herbert H. Smith at work in the tropics, the stock of our visible unworked materials would largely increase in quantity. Any one who has attempted to bring together anything like a complete collection of the fauna of a country, however small, has experienced the difficulties that have met me in the attempt to gather together all available information on the fauna of Mexico and Central America, and of certain small islands of the West Indian Archipelago. In the former case, owing to the cordial assistance afforded by many very competent workers, considerable progress has been made, but still more help is wanted to work out several very interesting orders, the collections of which look inviting enough, and doubtless teem with novelties. Regarding the West Indian work, in which Dr. Sharp has taken a very active interest, I fear the Mexican and Central American task has stood somewhat in the way, and we have had to search the continents of Hurope and North America to find volunteers to examine the collections formed by Mr. H. H. Smith in the small island of St. Vincent, and similar collections from the island of Grenada are still untouched. From this it is evident we have not workers enough even now to keep pace with the requirements of naming and arranging the specimens that come before us, and unless our numbers largely increase the arrears of work will become more and more unmanageable. Is, then, the number of workers increasing ? I mean the workers at the great mass of exotic species chiefly crowded in the tropical and semitropical countries. (xls) Judging from the uumber of titles of papers given in the yearly volumes of the ‘ Zoological Record,’ it would certainly appear that more entomological work is bemg done; but 1 have some doubts whether the particular subjects to which I now refer, viz., the naming and classification of unnamed species, are receiving the increased attention requisite to render an approximate knowledge of Insecta generally possible within a reasonable time. But it is not my object now to review past work, but rather to examine the effect of the altered and altering conditions of our collections upon working entomologists, and to see whether those conditions can be so modified as to increase the number of workers, and to render their labours as accessible as possible to all. Working entomologists, apart from field workers, may be divided, for my present purpose, into two classes, viz., those who are connected with our museums and make the subject their profession, and those who are not so employed, but who pursue Hntomology at such times as they can spare from their regular business of life. It is the latter, being the more numerous body, who have contributed much more extensively to our present stock of entomological knowledge. Their work has been chiefly based upon their private collections, formed partly from old sources, and partly from new materials often collected by themselves, or brought by field naturalists from all parts of the world. These collections hardly ever have any permanent resting place in private hands; very seldom indeed does a son take up the work of his father ; they either change hands, are dispersed, or become——their happiest fate--absorbed in a public museum. This system, which has gradually grown up, is, I think, likely to change, as the extent of collections is, under modern requirements, largely on the increase. This growth of collections renders the subject studied far more complicated, and the difficulty is lkely to increase tenfold. The effect is already plainly visible, for private collections are becoming rapidly absorbed by museums, or by a much smaller number of private collectors, with whom they can only temporarily remain. This absorption of private collections by public museums is likely to continue as regards Entomology, as it has in other ( exligan, 9) subjects. It certainly las done so with plants, as now hardly a private herbarium exists in this country—nearly all have been absorbed by Kew. So also with birds; a large portion of the private collections of a few years ago are now being concentrated in the British and other museums. What, then, will be the effect of this concentration of collections in public museums on the number of working systematic entomologists other than the Museum officials ? Under existing circumstances I am inclined to think the number will decrease. The necessity at the present time of examining large series of specimens of any species from as wide a range of localities as possible so that the variation and distribution of the species can be traced, has increased the bulk of collections to an enormous extent. In former times a pair or two of a species was considered enough to represent it in a Collection, but now we find that 40 or 50 or even 100 specimens are necessary to show the stability or instability of a species, its range, and all the many points connected with a satisfactory comprehension of its hmits. All this vastly increases the cost of forming and preserving new collections, and 1s against the private collector undertaking the task, and the burden of the work of determining and classifying will be more and more thrown upon the Museum officials. ‘That the number of private workers at systematic Entomology should decrease is distinctly to be deplored, and in view of the tendency of collections to become amassed in museums, it follows that it is chiefly to the arrangements made in those museums that this evil is to be arrested. As we all know, when once a specimen becomes the pro- perty of the Trustees of the British Museum, it must never pass out of their possession. Nothing, then, can be seen out of the Museum hours, and entomologists who have their daily business to attend to can only visit the Museum at rare in- tervals. They do this to a great extent now in order to deter- mine specimens in their own collections; but when the latter are, from reasons already given, no longer made, the subject will cease to be studied by them. Iam inclined to think this can be obviated to a great extent in a way that will greatly benefit the Museum and all concerned. ‘There are, no doubt, ( xlviii ) a considerable number of specimens, such as types, &c., which, on account of their special value, should never leave the Museum under any circumstances; they are too valuable to be placed in any risk of loss. Besides these, there is by far the greater part of the Museum collection which falls into a different category. I refer to specimens which are either unnamed (a very large number), or, if named, are not types, and which in their existing state do not possess any special scientific value, not having had any work bestowed upon them. All such specimens could, at a very slight risk, be entrusted to competent specialists not officially connected with the Museum to be named and prepared either for in- corporation into the Museum series or assigned to the named duplicates for future distribution to other institutions. No doubt additional work would be necessary on the part of the Museum officials in preparing such series for examination ; but this labour would be more than counterbalanced by the work performed upon the specimens when they are returned named into the Museum, and ready for incorporation into the general collection. The extent of the subject of Entomology is so vast that nothing but a systematic and continuous effort to amass collections, work them out, and preserve them, can place us in a position to proceed safely with the larger questions which follow the initial step of naming species; and it will only be by the steady effort of our Museum officials, not only to work at the subject themselves, but to enlist the aid of every available outside worker, that real substantial progress can be made. The talents of the outside public can only be fully used by a system by which specimens can be placed in the charge of any competent worker to be determined by him at his own home, and at his leisure, for a certain definite time, and under well understood rules. ‘The benefit to the Museum collections under a system of this kind is obvious. The great mass of unnamed materials, which, we believe, now exists in the Museum, would be gradually worked into order; and, on the other hand, the inducement of having a good series of specimens to work at, and in a way that suits the circumstances of the outside workers, will certainly tend (lite ))) to increase their numbers to the great benefit of the study of Entomology. As a practical illustration of the working of such a system as this, I will instance what has been going on for the last twelve years with reference to the Mexican and Central American collections now in process of being worked out. A few groups have been studied at home, but by far the larger portion of our material has been placed in the hands of various workers both at home and abroad. These collections go out and are returned without loss, and the result at present is that nearly 19,000 species of insects have been fully determined, and a series reserved and arranged for future reference. I have not been able to ascertain the number of specimens representing these 19,000 species, but the total is very large. If I may hazard a conjecture, I should say that I should not be surprised if the number reached 250,000. During the past year the Society has lost six Fellows by death :— Tue Duxe or Devonsuire, who died on the 21st December last, at the advanced age of 83, joined our Society in 1837. Though he did not take an active part in promoting the study of Entomology, our Society, as well as many others, shared the support he so freely gave to all scientific bodies. Epwarp Westrey Janson died on the 14th of September last, in the seventieth year of his age. He showed a taste for natural history pursuits at an early age, and though educated at first for the medical profession, he for some time assisted his father as a city merchant, and afterwards as Secretary of the Dutch BRhenish Railway. In 1867, on the death of his father, he relinquished all other pursuits, and commenced business as a Bookseller and Natural History Agent, for which his tastes well qualified him. His special study was Coleoptera, and he was not only a successful collector of beetles, but his energy at one time did much to reduce to order the British species then much less known than now. He also amassed collections of other groups of beetles, the chief of which was the family of Elateride, his collection, in Ca) which he retained his interest to the last, being by far the most extensive ever got together. Mr. Janson, though well versed in entomological literature, and possessing a very valuable library, was not a voluminous writer, his chief contributions to science being upon matters connected with British Coleoptera. At one time he was closely con- nected with the administration of this Society, which he joined in 1843. From 1850 to 1863 he held the post of Curator of the collections then possessed by the Society, and was Librarian until 1874. He was also one of the Secretaries from 1857 to 1861. His collection of British Coleoptera passed, I believe, some years ago into the possession of his intimate friend G. R. Crotch, and was bequeathed by him to the University of Cambridge. His collection of Elateride, in which he took such pride, will pass eventually into the British Museum. Frerpinanp Grout, our late Honorary Librarian, died, to the ereat regret of us all, on July 19th of last year. He joined the Society in 1846, acted as one of our Secretaries from 1871 to 1878, when he undertook the duties of Honorary Librarian, and continued in that office until his death. His chief study was Coleoptera, and especially the Geodephaga, of which he possessed an extensive collection. As Librarian, Mr. Grut was very well known to us all, and his patient, unfailing attention to his duties will long be remembered. ‘The want of a printed catalogue of our books has long been felt, and some time ago it was determined that such a catalogue should be prepared. This arduous task Mr. Grut undertook to perform, and he had, I believe, made some progress with the MS., when his work was interrupted by illness, and finally arrested by his death. This catalogue, it is to be hoped, may some day be completed. Epmonp Anpru, whose death was recorded last year, joined our Society in 1880. He lived at Beaune (Cote d’Or), and carried on the business of an Entomological Bookseller and General Natural History Agent. At the same time he worked assiduously at Hymenoptera, and published many papers and notes on this subject. His chief work was ‘“‘ Species des Hymenopteres d’Europe et d’Algérie,’’ commenced in 1879, (hy and continued, with the aid of fellow-workers on the same subject, until hisdeath. It is to be hoped that this important work will be continued by some other competent hyme- nopterist, and brought to a conclusion. Witiiam Esenezer Poor, who died on May 22nd last, at the age of 65, was well known to all of us who are in the habit of using our Library and attending our Meetings. He acted as Resident Librarian from the time we occupied our present rooms, and continued in that office until his death. He joined the Society as a member in 1885. We have also lost Joun Wituerineton Peers, who joined us in 1887. Of entomologists nét connected with the Society, who have died during 1891, I find the following well-known names :— Fexrre Pory, who died at Havana, the place of his birth, at the advanced age of 92, devoted a large portion of his life to the study of Natural History of his native island, Cuba. His principal work was on Ichthyology, but he wrote several papers on the Lepidoptera of Cuba, and studied other orders of insects of that island. Srr Wrntiam Mactnay, whose death was recently announced, though not a member of our Society, was a liberal patron of Natural History in Austraha. He belonged to the same family as William Sharp Macleay, the contemporary of Horsfield and Swainson, so well known for his writings. Sir William Macleay settled in New South Wales in 1839 at the age of 19, and gradually rose to distinction in the Colony. He was the founder and first President of the Entomological Society of New South Wales, and of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, and in the publications of both Societies numerous and valuable papers by him are to be found. He wrote chiefly on Coleoptera, but also occasionally on other orders of Insecta. Henry Epwarps will be much missed by entomologists both in Europe and America, as well as in Australia, where he was known and esteemed by a very wide circle of friends. An Englishman by birth, Mr. Edwards lived the later years of his life in America, where he was well known as an Cri: }) actor and theatre proprietor, all his leisure time being devoted to the study of Entomology generally, but chiefly of North America, his collection in this branch of Entomology being one of the most important in that country. Mr. Edwards “was a great traveller, and in his professional capacity visited the chief centres of population in Australia and New Zealand. He latterly resided in New York, where he died last year. He was a frequent contributor to several of the leading entomological journals of America, in which he described many species, chiefly Heterocera, belonging to the North American fauna and that of Mexico. Rosert Gitio, well known as a successful collector of Coleoptera in the West of England, and Dr. J. M. J. ar Tenestrom, a distinguished Micro-Lepidopterist of Finland, have also passed away. In conclusion, I beg leave to thank all the members of the Society who have so kindly supported me during the past year, and especially the Officers, from whom I have had every consideration. iy) INDEX. Where the name only of the Insect or Genus is mentioned, the description will be found on the page referred to. The Arabic Figures refer to the pages of the ‘Transactions’; the Roman Numerals to the pages of the ‘ Proceedings.’ The same arrangement has been adopted as last year; the new species, and those which have been redescribed, as well as the more important ones alluded to, will be found in detail, but certain of the longer papers are arranged generically under their headings. PAGE PAGE GENERAL SUBJECTS ........ liii | HyMENOPTERA ............ lix PACRIAGEDNTMIDAN cya cis).e scsi ieee hetecs live || OE PTIDOPRTERAVA ss eciecen lix COnmODInia “dooccdodboouuG Ink? ||) INIAROANHON, Ga ouadsd 00 c0 lxv DIMM Ree cnte ices oo 30 cate eee vii | ORTHORTERAW raat sees lxv ELINAEIOA As oooadonbouboeUo lix | THYSANURA .. .......%... lxvi GENERAL SUBJECTS. Annual Meeting, xxxix. Artificial temperature, effects on the colouring of Vanessa urtice, and certain other species of Lepidoptera, xxxii. Atropos pulsatoria, notes on, Xxxili. Atypus piceus, life-history of, xxviii. Diptera collected on Ranunculacee, &c., xxi. Eriogaster lanestris and Saturnia carpini, on the variation in the colour of the cocoons of, xxxvii. Further notes on Indian ants, x1. Hessian Fly, life-history of, ii, 329. Lepidoptera, &c., collected near Roldal, Norway, notes on, xxii. Letter from Mr. Merrifield, xiii. Letter from Sir A. Blackwood, with reference to postage of scientific specimens, Xlv. Micropteryx calthellus, notes on, xviii. Polyrachis spiniger, imitated by a bug, xvii, President’s Address, xliv. C.aliv> 9 Psychodide, synonymic notes on, xxv. Selene illustraria and Ennomos autumnaria, temperature experiments Sony 155,857. Zygena lonicere and Z. filipendule, hybrids between, ix. ARACHNIDA. Atypus piceus, life-history of, xxviii. Spider imitating a species of Mutilla, xvii. Spider (Salticus sp.) imitating a Bengal ant, Sima rufo-nigra, x. COLEOPTERA. Agra cyanippe, n.s., 275.—pacifica, n.s., 274. Anchomenus megillus, n.$., 252. Anchonoderus fulvipennis, u.s., 264. Anisotarsus hilariolus, n.s., 239. Anthribus daimio, n.s., 319. Apenes amplicollis, n.s., 271.—hilariola, n.s., 271. Apion, new species described: —abruptum, 293. — bulbinaswn, 295.— daimio, 296.—protractum, 294.—sulcirostre, 295. Apolecta Lewisii, n.s., 318. Areocerus tarsalis, nu. s., 323. Asemorhinus, n.g., 298. A. nebulosus, n.s., 299. Basitropis dispar, n.s., 320. Bembidium, new species described :—ciudadense, 263.— Durangoense, 263.—macrogonum, 262.—spherulifer, 261. Blabirhinus, n.g., 299. B. dorsalis, n.s., 300. Blaps lusitanica, alluded to, 379. Brachinus amplipennis, n.s., 268.—cognatus, var. cancellatus, 269.— Tabasconus, 268. Caccorhinus, n.g., 321. C. oculatus, u.s., 321. Calathus ambigens, nu. s., 251. Calcar humerale, n.s., 387. Calleida chlorotenia, n.s., 273. Calosoma ampliator, n.s., 223.—diminutum, n.s., 227.—leve, 225.— leve, var. explanaticolle, microgonum, and punctulicolle, 225.— morelianum, n.s., 228.— omiltenium, n.s., 226.—porosifrons, 0. s., 229. Casnonia lioptera, n.s., 265.—sulcicollis, n.s., 265. Celia Ciudadensis, n.s., 249.—Hegei, var. civitatis, 248.—tenebrionella, var. @neicolor, 248. Chlenius amplians, n.s., 237.—beatus, nu.s., 237.—chrysopleurus, var. Guerreroensis, 235.—cordifer, nu. s., 235.—eurybates, n.s., 236.— porphyrius, n.s., 236.—ruficauda, 235.—suppletor, n.s., 237. Choragus, new species described :—anobioides, 325.—cissoides, 326.— compactus, 323. — cryphaloides, 325. —cryptocephalus, 324,—mun- dulus, 324, (Cs) Colpodes, new species described :—acutulus, 259.—eneicauda, 259.— hapteroides, 252.—harpaloides, 253.—omaseoides, 255.—platysmoides, 254.—rectilineus, 257.—segregatus, 258.—stenos, 256.—steropoides, 254.—tinctipennis, 257.—Trujilloi, 259.—valens, 255. Coptodera xanthopleura, n.s., 270. Dercylus (Dercylodes) mexicanus, n.s., 238. Deropygus, n.g., 326. D. histrio, n.s., 326.—jocosus, N.s., BVT Diabrotica, South American species of (C. J. Gahan). New or Newty- NAMED SpeEctEs :—albidocincta, 431.—assimilis, 464.—azureipennis, 426.—Balayana, n.n., 421.—Belemea, 443.—biseriata, 437.—bistri- gata, 438.—conformis, 444.—cribrata, 530.—delecta, n.n., 445.— decemverrucata, 439.—denotata, n.n., 427.—digna, 430.—diversa, n.n., 451.— dulcis, n.n., 447.— fasciatipennis, 448. — humeralis, 438.—maculatipennis, 436.—marginicollis, 465.—marginipennis, 430. —melanospila, n.n., 434.—nigropunctata, 436.—quadripunctata, 468. —Reichei, 441.—sanguineipennis, 466.—semifemorata, 420.—signi- Jicata, 430.—socia, n.n., 468.—spectabilis, 443.—subsimilis, 456.— teniolata, 434.—tarsata, n.n., 460. Species alluded to or fresh descriptions given:—abbreviata, 433.—abdominalis, abrupta, and other species alluded to or omitted from the lists given by Mr. Baly and Mr. Gahan, arranged alphabetically, 521-524.—adonis, 427.— @neipennis, 429.—eneiventris, 440.—albidovittata, 419.—albocincta, 453.—albomarginata, 452.—albopicta, 453.—alcyone, 450.—ampli- cornis, 471.—alternata, 434.—Batesi, 425.—beata, 456.—bella, 456. bivittata, 421.—Borrei, 449.—brasiliensis, 434.—butleri, 467.— caviceps, 459.—Chevrolati, 440.—cinctella, 433.—cinctipennis, 430. —clypeata, 462.—coccinea, 428.—cognata, 423 —conchula, 459.— consimilis, 419.—cornuta, 420.—corrugata, 463.—corusca, 418.— coryphea, 423.—cruciata, 449.—decemguttata, 442.—deliciosa, 462. —delicula, 439.—Deyrollei, 440.—dilaticornis, 470.—dimidiata, 467. —dimidiaticornis, 468.—dimidiatipennis, 467.—discrepans, 455.— divisa, 468.—dorsalis, 434.— elongata, 429.— Erichsoni, 425.— erythroptera, 466.—eacelsa, 457.—eximia, 424.—Fairmairei, 419.— fenestrata, 459.—flavocincta, 432.—flavolimbata, 422.—flavomargi- nata, 428.—Gestroi, 457.—gibbosa, 465.—glauconotata, 441.—hebe, 465.—hemixantha, 470.—imbuta, 469.—imitans, 458.—impressi- pennis, 451.—incerta, 422.—innuba, 418.—insignita, 449.—intermedia, 467.—interruptolineata, 439.—Jekelii, 458.—jucunda, 460.—Kirschi, 421.—leta, 460.—letabilis, 422.—lata, 470.—leucospila, 468.—lim- batipennis, 432.—limbifera, 433.—lugubris, 468.—mediovittata, 422. melancholica, 471.—mimula, 455.—nigrovittulata, 446.—notaticollis, 471.—opacipennis, 465.—ornata, 427.—paraensis, 446.—perplexa, 422.—perspicua, 450.—piceicollis, 434.—posticata, 468.—propinqua, 469.—puella, 422.—pulchra, 424.—puncticollis, 422.—quadriplagiata, 461.— reticulata, 462.—robusta, 469.—rubripennis, 467.—rugata, 423. rugulosa, 464,—Saundersi, 467.—separata, 421.—serraticornis, 470. H Alsi ») setifera, 470.—similata, 422.—simulans, 451.—sordidipennis, 462.— spectanda, 448.—spiloptera, 434.—spilothorar, 470.—Staudingeri, 432.—Steinheili, 442.—Stevensi, 458.—suturalis, 428.—tetraspilota, 468.—Theimi, 421.—tortua, 463.—triplagiata, 428.—tuberculata, 469.—unifasciata, 454.—venalis, 420.—verrucosa, 424.—vespertina, 425.— viridipennis, 423.—vittatipennis, 421.—vittigera, 421.— Volxeni, 440.—aanthoptera, 462.—zelota, 447.—zonula, 454. Diabrotica and Lema, mimetic resemblances, list of species alluded to, 372, 373. Dicelus levipennis, var. abbreviatus, n. v., 239. Discoderus dislocatus, n.s., 245. Distichus granulipygus, n.s., 232. Ectopsis ferrugalis, exhibited, xxiv. Elliptoleus olisthopoides, n.s., 252. Estigmena chinensis, alluded to, xvi. Euchroa chrysophana, n.s., 249. Galerita ovalipennis, n.s., 266. Harpalus Durangoensis, n.s., 240. Heliopathes latipennis, n.s., 384. => Helops calpensis, n.s., 389.—Walkeri, n.s., 390. Heteromerous Coleoptera collected by Mr. J. J. Walker in the region of the Straits of Gibraltar, species described or alluded to, belong- ing to the following genera (G. C. Champion) :— Adelostoma, 378.—A kis, 379.—Alphitobius, 386.—-Alphitophagus, 386. Amblyderus, 394.—Ammophthorus, 385.—Anaspis, 397.—Anemia, 385.—Anthicus, 395.—Asclera, 400.—Asida, 380. Blaps, 379.—Boromorphus, 388. Calcar, 387.—Cataphronetis, 386.—Catomus, 390.—Corticeus, 386.— Coryna, 399.—Cossyphus, 386.—Crypticus, 382. Dendarus, 382.—Diastixus, 391.—Dichillus, 379.—Dilamus, 388. Elenophorus, 379.—Emenadia, 398.—Erodius, 377.—Evaniocera, 398. Formicomus, 394. Gnathocerus, 386. Heliopathes, 383.—Helops, 388. Isocerus, 383.—Isomira, 392. Lagorina, 400.—Lagria, 393.—Larisia, 397.—Leichenum, 385.— Litobius, 382.—Lydus, 400. Meloé, 398.—Micrositus, 383.—Misolampus, 388.—Mordella, 396,— Mordellistena, 397.—Morica, 379.—Mylabris, 399. Nacerdes, 400.—Nasipa, 397.—Nesotes, 392.—Notorus, 394. Octhenomus, 399.—CGidemera, 400.—CGinas, 399.—Olocrates, 383.— Omophlus, 392.—Oncomera, 400.—Oochrotus, 382.—Opatroides, 385.—Opatrum, 385. Pachychila, 377.—Palorus, 386.—Pentaphyllus, 386.—Phaleria, 386. Phylax, 382.—Pimelia, 381.—Pseudolamus, 384. Rhinosimus, 394. ( lit) Scaurus, 379.—Scleron, 385.—Scraptia, 393.—Sepidium, 382.— Silaria, 398.—Stenalia, 397.—Stenomax, 389.—Stenosis, 378.— Stenostoma, 401. Tenebrio, 387.—Tentyria, 378.—Tomoderus, 394.—Trachyschelis, 385. —Tribolium, 386. Xylophilus, 394. Zonitis, 400.—Zophosis, 377. Inna planipennis, nu. s., 267. Lachnophorus cupretlus, n.s., 264. Lebia smithiella, n.s., 273. Lema and Diabrotica, mimetic resemblances, list of species alluded to, 372, 373. Loxandrus rubricollis, n.s., 250. Loxopeza calomicra, nu. s., 273. Mexico, additions to the Carabideous Fauna of, with remarks on species previously recorded ; species described or alluded to, belonging to the following genera (H. W. Bates) :— Agonoderus, 246.— Agra, 274. — Anchomenus, 252. — Anchonoderus, 264.—Anisotarsus, 239.—Apenes, 271. Barytachys, 261.—Bembidium, 261.—Brachinus, 268.—Bradycellus, 247. Calathus, 251.—Calleida, 273.—Calosoma, 223.—Casnonia, 265.— Celia, 247.—Chlenius, 234.—Colpodes, 252.—Coptodera, 270.— Cratacanthus, 241.—Cymindis, 270. Dercylus, 238.—Diaphorus, 267.—Dicelus, 238.—Diplochetus, 260. —Discoderus, 245.—Distichus, 232. Elliptoleus, 252.—EHuchroa, 249.—Evarthrus, 249. Galerita, 266. . Harpalus, 240. Inna, 267. Lachnophorus, 264.—Loxandrus, 250.—Lebia, 273.—Loxopeza, 273. Micrixys, 234.—Morio, 251. Pangus, 241.—Pasimachus, 230.—Pelecium, 234.—Pericompsus, 261. —Peryphus, 262.—Pinacodera, 270.—Pecilus, 249.—Pogonus, 260. Scaphinotus, 229.—Scarites, 282.—Schizogenius, 233.—Scythropasus, 234.—Selenophorus, 241.—Stenolophus, 246. Tachys, 261. Xenodromius, n. g., 272. Zuphium, 266. Mexico, Cicindelide and Carabida, new and additional species and new varieties of (comprised in Trans..Ent. Soc. 1890, pp. 493-510; and 1891, pp. 223-275), complete list of, 276, 277. Notioxenus tonicoides, n.s., 328.—Wollastont, n.s., 327. Ozotomerus japonicus, n.s., 320. Pasimachus ignicinctus, n.s., 230.—levisulcatus, n.s., 231.—-mexicanus, 231.—Smithi, n.s., 232. (or livani9) Pericompsus Tabasconus, n.s., 261. Phleobius mimes, n.s., 319. Pinacodera atrata, var. ruficornis, 270.—var. levior, 271. Pogonus emaciatus, n.s., 260. Rhyncophorous Coleoptera of Japan, species described or alluded to, belonging to the following genera (D. Sharp) :— Acorynus, 301.— Anthribus, 319.— Apion, 293. — Apolecta, 318.— Are@ocerus, 322.— Asemorhinus, n. g., 298. — Basitropis, 320.— Blabirhinus, nu. g., 299.—Brachytarsus, 322.—Caccorhinus, un. g., 321.—Choragus, 323.—Deropygus, nu. g., 326.—Eucorynus, 318.— Litocerus, 301.— Notioxenus, 327.—Ozotomerus, 320.—Phleobius, 319. — Tophoderides, 298.— Tropideres, 301.—Ulorhinus, n. g., 300.—Xylinades, 317. Scaphinotus macrogonus, n. s., 229. Scarites Durangoensis, n.s., 232. Schizogenius multisetosus, n.s., 233. Scythropasus nicaraguensis, n.s., 234. Selenophorus aureocupreus, u.s., 241.—bradycelloides, n.s., 242.—cras- siusculus, var. nigrescens, 244.—dispar, n.s., 243.— tarsalis, var. liosomus, 242. Sphodrus leucophthalmus and other beetles from a London granary exhibited, xxvi. Stenolophus lamprotus, n.s., 246. Tachys decastichus, n.s., 261. Tophoderides, 298. Tropideres, new species described :—aberrans, 309.—basipennis, 310.— brevirostris, 307.—bruchoides, 316.—concolor, 314.—conjinis, 309.— crassicornis, 306.—cylindricus, 311.—debilis, 311.—difficilis, 317.— distinguendus, 310. — flabellicornis, 305. — germanus, 304.— guttifer, 314.—imperfectus, 316.—incisus, 308.—latirostris, 303.—laxus, 304.— longipes, 312.—nigrirostris, 302.—nodulosus, 308.—pardalis, 313.— pectoralis, 315.—truncatus, 315.—vilis, 305. Ulorhinus, nu. g., 300. U. funebris, n.s., 301. Xenodromius, n. g., 272. X. Flohri, u.s., 272. Xylinades japonicus, n.s., 317. Zuphium punctipenne, n.s., 266. DIPTERA. Diptera, species of, remarks on, xxi.—species from Norway, exhibited, Xx. Hammatorrhina bella, alluded to, ii. Hessian Fly, life-history of, 11, 329. Hypoderma bovis from Plumstead, exhibited, xxii. Lestophonus icerye, alluded to, vi. Psychodide, collection of, from Somersetshire, exhibited, xii. Psychodidae, synonymic notes on, xxv, (i licae) HEMIPTERA. Fulgora bullata,n.s., 519.—effusa, n.s., 518.—gemmata, alluded to, 519. —karenia, n.s., 517.—pyrorhyncha, alluded to, 518.—pythica, n.s., 517.—Whiteheadi, alluded to, 518. Icerya egyptiaca, exhibited, vii—Purchasi, alluded to, 361. Siphonophora artocarpi, note on, 413. HYMENOPTERA. Ademon, 12. A. decrescens, 12. Apis, dark coloured form of, from Tunis, xxvi. Biosteres, 50. B. bicolor, 52. — blandus, 54. — carbonarius, 51.— hemorrhoiis, 53.—impressus, 52.—placidus, 56.—rusticus, 54.— scabriculus, 55.—sylvaticus, 56.—Wesmaeli, 55. Diachasma, 57. D. caffer, 58.—cephalotes, 58.—fulgida, 59.—rugosa, 61. Hurytenes, 16. E. abnormis, 17. Gnamptodon, 13. G. pumilio, 14. Hedylus, n.g., 14. H. habilis, n.s., 16. Hypolabis, alluded to, 27. Opiides, 7. Opius, 17. O. emulus, 40.—ethiops, 39.—-analis, 28.— apiculator, 23.—bajulus, 43.—cesus, 45.—celsus, 29.—cingulatus, 35. —clarus, 24.—celatus, 46.—compar, n.s., 32.—crassipes, 30.—docitlis, 37.—exilis, 26.—funebris, synonym of O. pygmeator, 22.—instabilis, 31.—irregularis, 35.—leptostigmus, 36.—lugens, 21.—maculipes, 34. —nitidulator, 38.—ochrogaster, 32.—pactus, 39.—pallidipes, 27.— parvulus, 36.—pendulus, 22.—polyzonius, 41.—procerus, synonym of Biosteres carbonarius, 51.—pygmeator, 22.—reconditor, 45.— rudis, 44, —ruficeps, 42.—sevus, 30.—spretus, 25. — tacitus, 26.— testaceus, 47.—truncatus, 43.— victus, 24.—vindex, 29.— zelotes, n.s., 40. Polyrachis spiniger, alluded to, xvii. Rhabdospilus, alluded to, 57. Rhinopsis ruficornis, exhibited, x. Sima rufo-nigra from Bengal, exhibited, x. LEPIDOPTERA. Abraxas germana, n.s., 143. Acidalia irrorata, n.s., 215.—madere, u.s,, 213.—unostrigata, n.s., 214. Wollastoni, n.s., 215.—zargi, n.s., 214. Acrea Admatha, 171.—Obeira, 172. Adela cuneella, n.s., 88. African Micro-Lepidoptera, species described and alluded to, belonging to the following families and genera (Lord Walsingham) :— Adela, 88.—A gisana, 87.—Anacampsis, 94.—Anarsia, 111.—Anchinia, 114.— Anorthosia, 110.— Apiletria, 106.—Argyrotoxa, 66. — Atychiada, 78.—Atychia, 78.—Autochthonus, n. g., 82. ( thet) Bactra, 70.— Barbaroscardia, u. g., 84.— Batrachedrine, 125.— Blabophanes, 87.— Blastobasis, 122. Brachmia, 94.— Brachy- crossata, 98.—Butalis, 122. Cacochroa, 114.— Cacecia, 64.— Ceromitia, 87.— Choreutes, 77.— Cnemidolophus, 116.—Compsoctena, 85.—Conchylis, 69.—Copto- loma, 76.—Cosmopteryx, 124.—Cryptolechia, 114. Depressaria, 113.—Dichelia, 131.—Dicrorhampha, 76.—Dissoctena, 81. Eccopsis, 70.—Hudemis, 70.—Eustixis, 92.—EHretmocera, 123. Gelechia, 92.—Glyphipteryx, 116.—Gracilaria, 125.—Gymnogramma, 92. Hyponomeuta, 89. Ide, 113.—Idiopteryx, n.g., 104. Lasioctena, 85.—Laverna, 117.—Lecithocera, 104.—Licmocera, n. g., 128.—Loxotenia, 65.—Lyonetiane, 127. Megacraspedus, 109.—WMicropostega, n. g., 130.—MWicrothauma, n. g., 127. Nemophora, 87.—Nemotois, 89.—Nepticuline, 128.—Nothris, 108. Odites, n.g., 99.—Cicophorine, 114.—ddematopoda, 123.—CGita, 90. —Oxymacheris, n.g., 129. Pandemis, 66.—Penthina, 71.—Phecasiophora, 73.—Philobota, 115. —Phoxopteris, 74.—Phycodes, 78.—Plutella, 92.—Polyhymno, 95.—Psecadia, 115.—Ptochewusa, 95.—Pyroderces, 119. Scalidomia, n.g., 83.—Sericoris, 72, 131.—Setomorpha, 81.—Sime- this, 77.—Stagmatophora, 118.—Stathmopoda, 120.—Stenoma, 101.—Strobisia, 97. Taleporiane, 81.—Teras, 64.—Timyra, 105.—Tinea, 86.—Tortricide, 64. Xylorycting, 113. Ypsolophus, 107. Zarathra, 125. Agrotis pyrophila, series of, exhibited, ii. Alamis yendola, n.s., 150. Alana albopunctata, n.s., 491. Alpenus eximia, n.s., 137. Amphidasis prodromaria and A. betularia, hybrid between, exhibited, xvi. Anarsia agricola, n.s., 111.—inculta, n.s., 112. Anhyperythra, n.g., 485. A. hermearia, n.s., 485. Anorthosia fracticostella, n.s., 110. Anthocharis cardamines, varieties of, exhibited, xxxi, xxxiil. Apiletria acutipennis, n.s., 106. Aplecta nebulosa, melanic form of, named Robsoni, exhibited, xxvi. Argynnis aglaia, variety from Norfolk, exhibited, xxvi. — alberta, exhibited, ix.—frigga and pales from Norway, exhibited, xxvii. Argyrotoxa flavicostana, n.s., 67.—tigrina, n.s., 66.—viridis, n.s., 68. Artaxa pelona, n. 8., 1388.—rhoda, n.s., 138. (bs) Athyrma intorta, n.s., 150. Atychia albiciliata, n.s., 78. Autochthonus, n.g., 82. A. chalybdiellus, n.s., 82. Barbaroscardia, n.g., 84. B. fasciata, n.s., 84. Barsine chromatica, n.s., 135.—delicia, n.s., 477.—linatula, n.s., 135. Betharga lycoides and other moths exhibited and remarked on, xxvii. Bizone peregrina, alluded to, 136. Blastobasis irroratella, n.s., 122. Boarmia Wollastoni, n.s., 217.—var. obscura, 218. Botys lupulinalis from Hartlepool, exhibited, xxvii. Brachycrossata, 98. B. marginata, u.s., 99. Bryophila maderensis, n.s., 205. Bryotropha obscurella from Hartlepool, exhibited, xxvii. Butalis subeburnea, n.s., 122. Cacecia occidentalis, n.s., 64. Callimorpha hera from Teignmouth, exhibited, xxvii, Capnodes cascalis, n.s., 153. Caradrina taraxaci, &c., exhibited, xvi. Carige rachiaria, u.s., 492. Chionobas subhyalina, exhibited, ix. Chrysoclista bimaculella, exhibited, xxxiii. Cidaria fecunda, n.s., 493.—furva, n.s., 494.—scortea, n.s., 493. Citheronia regalis, from Iowa, exhibited, xxiv. Clelia discriminis, n.s., 474. Cleogene niveata and peletieraria, alluded to, 497. Cleora nebulosa, n.s., 488. Coleophora maritimella and vibicigerella, larve of, exhibited, xvii, Colias elis, exhibited, ix. Conchylis tricolor, n.s., 69. Coptoloma dimidiata, n.s., 76. Coremia centro-strigaria, 219. Cosmopteryx cognita, n.s., 124. Crenis Benguele, exhibited, x. Crocidophora griseifusa, n.s., 153. Curubasa depicta, n.s., 146. Cyclosia hamiltoni, n.s., 475. Daphnis hypothous captured at Crieff, N.B., exhibited, ii. Deilemera carissima, n.s., 477. Deilephila ewphorbie from Cornish coast, exhibited, xxxi. Depressaria inornatella, n.s., 113. Dichromia mollis, n.s., 481. Dicrorhampha excisa, n.s., 76. Dindica para, n.s., 490. Dissoctena affinis, n.s., 81. Dorika curta, u.s., 146. Eccopsis ? nebulana, nu, s., 71. (bcs) Elachysta cingilella, exhibited, xxxiii, Endromis versicolora, larvee of, exhibited, xv. Ennomos autumnaria, temperature experiments on, 161. Epinephele janira, bleached specimen of, exhibited, xx. Epunda albostigmata, n.s., 206. Epyrgis cuprea, n.s., 475. Eviogaster lanestris, cocoons of, xv, XXXVii. Eronia hippia, gynandromorphous specimen of, 1. Eubolia rupicola, 218. Eupithecia extensaria, exhibited, xviii. Euproctis illanta, n.s., 138. Eupterote hirsuta, n.s., 139. Euschema nelera, n.s., 141.—percota, n.s., 142. Eusemia ochracea, synonym of Xanthospilopteryx pardalina, 290.— meretriz, synonym of X. africana, 287.—nugatrix and «xanthopyga, synonyms of X. Geryon, 288. Gelechia hutchinsonella, n. s., 93.—ocellata, exhibited, x.—osseella, exhibited, xxxiiii—palpigera, n.s., 94. Geometra smaragdaria, exhibited, xviil. Glyphipteryx grapholithoides, n.s., 116. Gonepteryx cleopatra, exhibited, xviii. Gortyna intermixta, n.s., 480. Gracilaria apicistrigata, u.s., 126. — bifasciata, n.s., 126. — punctulata, n.g., 125. Gymnogramma hutchinsoni, n.s., 92. Gymnoscelis bicoloria, n.s., 220. Gynatocera zara, n.s., 476. Gyrtona exsicca, n.s., 149. Hadena atlanticum, u.s., 207.—chenopodii and other species, effect of change of climate on, 506. Harpyia wisei, n.s., 139. Hemerophila madera, n.s., 216. Hydrusa actea, n.s., 474.—baiea, n.s., 473.—era, n. s., 473. Hyela senna, n.s., 148. Hypena daria, n.s., 482.—laxia, n.s., 483. Hyperythra phenix, n.s., 484. Hypochrosis intexta, n.s., 145. Hypochrysops, new species described :—alyattes, 193.—architas, 191.— cratevas, 191.—rovena, 184.—seuthes, 192. Species described or alluded to :—anacletus, 190.—apelles, 186. —arronica, 192.—bubases, 194.—chrysanthis, 187.—celisparsus, 188. —delicia, 186.—dicomas, 185. — doleschalli, 193.— elegans, 194. — epicletus, 184.— epicurus, 186.—eucletus, 188.— halyetus, 185.— hecalius, 187. — herdonius, 194.— hippuris, 194. — hypates, 187. — hypocletus, 182. —ignita, 185. —livius, 189.— narcissus, 189.— poly- cletus, 182.—protogenes, 189.—pythias, 190.—rex, 183.—scintillans, 191.—theon, 193,—zeuxis, 190. (bani) Hyponomeuta puncticornis, n.s., 90. Ide complanella, n.s., 113. Idiopteryx, n. ey 104. Kalmina, n.g., 480. K. ochracea, n.s., 481. Khasia Hills, Heterocera from the, new species described belonging to the following genera (Col. Swinhoe) :—Alana, 491.—Anthyperythra, n.g., 485.—Barsine, 477.—Carige, 492.—Cidaria, 493.—Clelia, 474. —Cleora, 488.—Cyclosia, 475.—Deilemera, 477.—Dichromia, 481.— Dindica, 490.— Epyrgis, 475. — Gortyna, 480. — Gynatocera, 476.— Hydrusa, 473. — Hypena, 482. — Hyperythra, 484. — Kalmina, n.g., 480. — Macaria, 492. — Marcala, 487. — Micronissa, n.g., 483. (I. margaritata, alluded to, 484.)—Odontoptera, 485.—Ophthalmodes, 489. — Orgyia, 478. — Pingasa, 491. — Pydna, 479. — Redoa, 478. — Sarcinodes, 488.—Selenia, 486.—Somena, 479. Laverna gambiella, n.s., 117.—quinquecristata, n.s., 117. Lecicothera flavipalpis, n.s., 105.—marginata, n.s., 104. Licmocera, n.g., 128. L. lyonetiella, n.s., 128. Lycena antanossa, 173.—argiades, from Bloxworth Heath, Dorset, exhibited, xxvi; from Somersetshire, exhibited, xxxi.—eurypilus and zephyrus, and other species alluded to, 499-502. Lycenesthes neglecta, n.s., 175. Macaria temeraria, n.s., 492. Madeira, Lepidoptera collected in, by the late T. Vernon Wollaston, species described or alluded to belonging to the following genera (G. T. Baker) : — Acherontia, 204. — Acidalia, 213.— Acontia, 211.— Agrotis, 205.— Argynnis, 201. — Boarmia, 217. — Bryophila, 205. — Calymnia, 210.— Caradrina, 210.— Cidaria, 220. — Colias, 199.— Coremia, 219. — Cucullia, 211. — Deilephila, 204. — Deiopeia, 204.— Epunda, 206. — Eriopus, 207. — Eubolia, 218.— Gymnoscelis, 220.— Hadena, 207.—Hecatera, 205.—Heliothis, 211.—Hemerophila, 216. —Hemithea, 212.—Hypena, 212.—Hypenodes, 212.—Leucania, 210. —Lycena, 200.—Macroglossa, 204.—Mamestra, 205.—Nemoria, 212. —Nonagria, 209.—Nyssocnemis, 209.—Pararge, 202.—Phlogophora, 208.—Pieris, 198.—Plusia, 211.—Polyommatus, 200.—Prodenia, 208. —Rhodocera, 199.—Satyrus, 202.—Sphinz, 204.—Spintherops, 212. —Sterrha, 219.—Thalpochares, 211.—Vanessa, 200.—Zonosoma, 215. Mamestra madere, n.s., 205. Marcala varians, un. s., 487. Marimatha freda, n.s., 147. Masalia dora, n.s., 147. Matella ewphrona, n.s., 151. Megacraspedus suffusellus, n.s., 109. Messata acinia, n.s., 141. Micronissa margaritata, synonym of Urapteryx margaritata, 484. Micropostega, n.g., 130. MM. eneofasciata, n.s., 130. Micropteryx calthella, notes on, xvili, ( din °} Microthauma, n.g., 127. M. metallifera, n.s., 127. Nagadeba mistura, n.s., 151. Nemoria nubigena, 212. Nemotois humilis, n.s., 89. Nephopteryx splendidella from Hartlepool, exhibited, xxvii. Nepticula auromarginella from Weymouth, exhibited, x. Nisaga teta, n.s., 140. Nonagria sacchari, 209. Nothris bryophilella, n. s., 108. Nyssocnemis dubiosa, n.s., 209. Odites, n.g., 99. O. carterella, n.s., 103.— clypeus reaching the mandibles, its lower half testaceous, im- pressed in the middle with a transverse series of punctures ; mandibles testaceous; palpi about as long as the head, testaceous. Antenne g longer than the body, 39-jointed, black; 1st joint rufo-testaceous beneath ; all the joints short; antenne ? not de scribed. Mesothoracic sutures indicated by a short deep depression on each side of the mesothorax in front. Furrow of the meso- pleurz very superficial, formed of a series of slight transverse wrinkles. Metathorax finely rugulose. Wings hyaline; stigma dull rufo-testaceous; radial areolet reaching the extremity of the wing; 2d cubital areolet narrow; podiscoidal areolet complete. Legs rufo-testaceous. First abdominal segment black, rather shining, with a few longitudinal strie; the rest of the abdo- men smooth, rufo-testaceous. Terebra concealed. Length, 1— 13 line. Only two examples seem to have occurred, a 3 taken by Wesmael near Brussels, and a 2 in North Ireland by Haliday ; as the latter writer gives no description of the ? , it may be presumed that the sexes are similar. British Braconide. 53 4. Biosteres hemorrhoiis, Hal. (Pl. II., fig. 8, 2). Opius carbonarius, var. 2, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 152, f 2. O. hemorrheus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 219, ¢ 2; and 204, figs. a, b, 3. Black ; posterior half of the abdomen rufous. Clypeus testa- ceous, touching the mandibles (cf. Hal., l.c., fig. 6); mandibles testaceous. Antenne 9? longer than the body, 41-jointed, scape rufous; antenne g not described. Mesothoracic sutures inchoate, effaced posteriorly. Scutellum entirely rugulose, preceded by an oblong fovea, which is surrounded by a few punctures. Meso- pleure with acrenate furrow. Metathorax rugulose, subreticulate. Wings hyaline ; squamularufous; nervures fuscous; stigma fusco- testaceous, elongate, narrow, emitting the radius just before the middle; 1st abscissa as long as the 2d and much longer than the thickness of the stigma; 2d abscissa much shorter than the 1st intercubital nervure ; 3d slightly curved, ending somewhat before the extremity of the wing; recurrent nervure slightly evected. Hind wings with no trace of a pobrachial transverse nervure. Legs rufo-testaceous, tarsiinfuscated. Abdomen ? ovate, convex, black from the base to the suturiform articulation, the remainder rufous; Ist segment short, broad, striated, margined, with visible tubercles; the following segments smooth and shining. Terebra concealed. g. Second abdominal segment rufous towards the apex, 3d rufous on each side of the base; less frequently the 2d segment is rufous only on the sides, and the 3d entirely black. Length, 2; wings, 5 lines. Var. 1. Stigma fuscous; 2d segment at the extremity, and the following segments, rufo-piceous, banded with black. This fine species is quite distinct from carbonarius, Nees (sp. 1), and more resembles Wesmaélii, Hal. (sp. 8) ; it is, however, much larger, and distinguished by the colours of the abdomen ; the 1st abscissa of the radius is also much longer in proportion. Wesmael captured many specimens near Charleroi and Brussels ; Walker found both sexes in the London district; and Haliday a ° on a willow in North Ireland; a 2 is in my col- lection, which was taken near St. Albans. BA Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of 5. Biosteres blandus, Hal. Opius blandus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 220, g 2. ?. Black; abdomen partly rufous. Head very broad, rufous, orbits and cheeks more obscure, stemmaticum black ; face punc- tate, with a medial carina; clypeus hairy, rufous, touching the mandibles; palpi rather short, testaceous. Antenne shorter than the body, black, the scape rufous beneath. Thorax smooth and shining; mesothoracie sutures inchoate. Scutellum coarsely punctate at the apex, preceded by a small fovea. Mesopleurz with a wide cancellated furrow. Metathorax rugulose, smoother in the middle. Wings hyaline; squamula testaceous ; nervures fuscous ; stigma fusco-testaceous, emitting the radius nearly in the middle. Legs short, rufo-testaceous; femora stout; extreme apex of the hind tibiz, and their tarsi, fuscous. Abdomen ovate; Ist segment black, hardly narrowed at the base, rugulose, with a longitudinal carina, which is bifurcate at the base; 2d and following segments rufo-piceous ; 8d and following segments banded with black. Terebra concealed. g. Larger than the 9, the rufous portions clearer; head rufous, stemmaticum and occiput black; antenne hardly shorter than the body, 41-jointed; abdo- men more oblong, 2d segment rufous, the rest fuscous. Length hardly 2 lines. Described by Haliday from one ¢ and a few males taken in May on willows in North Ireland. Forster has made of this species a separate genus Chilotrichia, on account of the hairiness of the clypeus. 6. Biosteres rusticus, Hal. Opius rusticus, Hal., Ent. Mag, iv.,.218, 2. Black; clypeus and mandibles testaceous ; mouth closed. An- tenne gf much longer than the body, slender, 38-jointed, black, the scape rufous; antenne of the @ not described. Prothorax and mesopleurz vaguely punctate with large punctures; the latter impressed with a rugose furrow. Mesothorax rugulose in front, the sutures subcomplete, punctate. A foveola before the scutellum, which is punctate at the apex. Metathorax rugose. Wings hyaline; squamula rufo-testaceous; stigma and nervures fuscous ; stigma very long and narrow, emitting the radius from a point just before the middle; 1st abscissa longer than the thickness of the stigma. Legs testaceous. The rest of the characters are those of carbonarius (sp.1). Length, 1}; wings, 3} lines. British Braconide. 55 This is distinguishable from carbonarius by its smaller size, the rugose furrow of the mesopleure, and the in- equalities and rugosity of portions of the thorax ; from scabriculus, Wesmaélit, and sylvaticus (spp. 7, 8, 9), by longer antenne, the fainter sculpture of the thorax, the longer stigma, the insertion of the radius, and the greater length of the radial areolet. Taken rarely by Haliday in North Ireland on Brassica rapa. The speci- men I possessis a ¢, found by Bignell in Devonshire. 7. Buosteres scabriculus, Wesm. Opius scabriculus, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 154, 9; Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 218, 3 2. Black ; head and thorax scabrous; legs varied with black. Head pubescent ; face finely carinated, and, together with the greater part of the cheeks and vertex, scabrous, not shining; mandibles rufous ; palpi dusky. Antenne @ black, 33-jointed, as long asthe body; those of the f not described. Mesothorax with 3 longi- tudinal scabrous parallel lines on the disk; humeral angles, and sides in front, similarly scabrous. Mesopleure with no furrow, but a broad rugulose space instead, hardly depressed below the surface. Scutellum and metathorax rugulose. Wings hyaline; stigma dull testaceous, elongate, narrow, linear. Coxe and Ist joint of the trochanters black; 2d joint, femora, and tibie, rufo- testaceous; 4 anterior femora streaked on the upper edge with blackish ; hind femora blackish above and on the sides; tips of hind tibizw and all the tarsi fuscescent. Abdomen narrow, elon- gate; 1st segment longitudinally rugose, with a fine medial carina; the following segments smooth and shining; in the J segments 2, 3, 4 are furnished before the apex each with two minute whitish spines. Terebra as long as } of the abdomen. Length, 13 line. Only two specimens seem to have been taken, a ? near Brussels, described by Wesmael, and a 3 indicated by Haliday, which was sent to him from England, probably from the London district, by Walker. 8. Biosteres Wesmaelu, Hal. Opius carbonarius, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, p. 152 (partly; not of Nees or Haliday ; and not the varieties). O. Wesmaélii, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 219, 3 2, 56 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of Black; face strongly carinated, punctate ; clypeus reaching the ~mandibles, testaceous, sometimes black at the base, punctate ; mandibles rufous; palpi testaceous. g 2. Antenne longer than the body, 837—89-jointed, black, the scape rufous. Mesothoracic sutures inchoate, effaced posteriorly. An oblong fovea before the scutellum, which is rugulose, like the metathorax. Wings hyaline; squamula testaceous; nervures fuscous; stigma fusco-testaceous, darker in the ¢, emitting the radius from the middle; 1st abscissa not half as long as the 2d, and not longer than the width of the stigma ; 2d abscissa and 1st intercubital nervure about equal in length ; 3d abscissa straight, ending rather before the extremity of the wing; recurrent nervure slightly evected. No trace of a pobrachial transverse nervure in the hind wings. Legs rufo- testaceous ; cox sometimes infuscated at the base above ; tips of tarsi dusky. First abdominal segment longitudinally rugose, sometimes faintly carinated in the middle. Terebra concealed. Length, 13; wings, 34 lines. According to Haliday, not uncommon in North Ireland during May and June; also found in England by Walker, and twice by me in Leicestershire. It closely resembles the following species, but the difference of the wings renders their separation necessary. 9. Biosteres sylvaticus, Hal. Opius sylvaticus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 219, ¢ 2. More slender than the preceding, but otherwise indistinguishable, except by the wings. Stigma fusco-testaceous, emitting the radius before the middle; 3d abscissa curved, concave beneath, ap- proaching nearer to the extremity of the wing than in Wesmaélit; hence the radial areolet is more cultrate and longer in proportion ; 2d cubital areolet horizontally longer and vertically narrower. In the g, asin the cognate species, the principal nervures are in- crassated and darker. Length, 13; wings, 33 lines. According to Haliday, much rarer in North Ireland than the last species ; Walker detected the ¢ in England, and I possess both sexes captured near Abergavenny, and Nunton, in Wilts. 10. Brosteres placidus, Hal. Optus placidus, Hal., Ent. Mag., iv., 217, 2. Black ; base of 2d abdominal segment rufous. Face carinated ; oral parts rufo-testaceous; elypeus not touching the mandibles. British Braconide. 57 Antenne longer than the body, 38-jointed, black, the scape piceous beneath. Mesothoracic sutures inchoate, effaced posteriorly. A foveola before the scutellum. Mesopleure with an impunctate furrow. Metathorax finely rugulose. Wings hyaline; squamula testaceous; nervures fuscous; stigma fusco-testaceous, linear, very long, emitting the radius before 4 of its length. Legs rufo- testaceous ; cox black at the base; hind tarsi, and apex of their tibiz, fuscous. Abdomen ovate; 1st segment striated; 2d rufous at the base, its posterior portion, and all the following seg- ments, piceous. Terebra concealed. Male unknown. Length, 13 line. Taken only once by Haliday in North Ireland; it seems not to have occurred since. Forster has made of it the genus Rhabdospilus. vii. Diacuasma, Frster. Forst., Verh. pr. Rheinl., 1862, p. 259. Characters of Opius, except that the 2d cubital areolet, measured horizontally, is shorter, the 2d abscissa of the radius not exceeding in length the Ist intercubital nervure, and the stigma is short, ovate, or subtriangular. The shortness of the stigma alone separates Diachasma from Biosteres. The radius, according to Forster, should originate beyond the middle of the stigma; but the rigour of this restriction excludes two species, and would lead to the formation of two new genera for their reception. To avoid this, I have ventured so far to enlarge the limits of Diachasma as to leave the origin of the radius undetermined. Of the four species brought together under this denomination, two, viz., caffer and rugosa, are not provided for in Forster’s synoptical table ; it may be presumed that they were unknown to him, or he would have been obliged, on his own prin- ciples, to make a separate genus for each. TABLE OF SPECIES. (2) 1. First abdominal segment smooth and shin- ing ate 60 Oc (1) 2. First abdominal segment rugulose. (6) 3. Second and third abdominal segments smooth. (5) 4. Abdomen, after the 1st segment, black .. 2. cephalotes, Wesm. 1. caffer, Wesm. 58 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of (4) 5. Abdomen, after the lst segment, in great part rufo-testaceous .. .. 3. fulgida, Hal. (3) 6. Second abdominal segment and oneak part of the third deeply striated .. .. 4. rugosa, Wesm. 1. Diachasma caffer, Wesm. Opius caffer, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1835, pi l50:-eilalehinit Macy eivesOd ye Geer Black, shining; face strongly carinated; clypeus short, not reaching the mandibles, its lower edge rounded and somewhat raised ; mandibles dull rufous in the middle, scarcely wider at the base; palpi short, black... Antenne 9 rather shorter than the body, 29-jointed ; of the g somewhat longer, 32-jointed; all the joints black, short. Mesothoracic sutures inchoate. A large oval fovea before the scutellum. Mesopleure smooth and shining, with hardly a fovea, but a short narrow series of 3 or 4 punctures. Metathorax smooth. Wings slightly infumated; stigma and nervures fuscous; 3d abscissa of the radius subobsolete towards the end (cf. Ademon decrescens, ante); if complete, it would reach the margin of the wing somewhat before the extremity; stigma oval, emitting the radius from the middle; 2d abscissa much shorter than the 1st intercubital nervure, and much longer than the 2d; recurrent nervure evected. Hind wings with a distinct pobrachial transverse nervure. Legs black; base of hind tibiz in the ? dull rufous; hind femora somewhat incrassated and com- pressed; sometimes the legs are dull rufous, the femora black above, and the tarsi infuscated. Abdomen oval, entirely free from rugosity; Ist segment short, with two lateral channels, the disk raised, smooth and shining. Terebra exserted to the extent of } of the abdomen. Length, 14; wings, 3 lines. Both sexes were discovered by Wesmael near Brussels, and found also by Walker in the London district ; I have taken the ¢ in Epping Forest. 2. Diachasma cephalotes, Wesm. Opius cephalotes, Wesm., Nouv. Mem. Ac. Brux., 1835, p- 149, 2 (not of Ratzeburg, which is a Ceno- calius). Black; vertical and occipital orbits of the eyes rufous. Head large, broader than the thorax; face carinated, vaguely punctured ; clypeus not reaching the mandibles, deplanate, punctate, cireum- scribed by an impressed semicircular line, its lower edge straight, British Braconide. 59 obsoletely margined; mandibles rufous; palpi dusky. Antenne 3d 2 hardly longer than the body, stout, setose, tapering outwards, 36—87-jointed, all the joints short; black, base of scape dull rufous. Mesothoracic sutures complete, deeply impressed, crenu- late, meeting in an acute angle before the scutellum. Mesopleure with a long furrow, deeply crenate. Metathorax rugose. Wings rather short, slightly infumated ; radial areolet short, ending just before the extremity of the wing; stigma and nervures blackish ; stigma oval, emitting the. radius beyond the middle; recurrent nervure interstitial. Hind wings with a distinct pobrachial trans- verse nervure. Legs stout, rufo-testaceous; upper side of cox, Ist joint of trochanters, and tarsi towards the tips, blackish. Abdomen oblong, rather narrow, with subparallel sides; longer in the g, and truncate at the extremity; Ist segment rugulose, not much widened posteriorly, indistinctly carinated in the middle, with visible tubercles. Terebra not surpassing the anus. Length, 2; wings, 4 lines. Wesmael described a mutilated 2 found near Brussels ; the species was not known to Haliday. Both sexes occurred sparingly in a hedge near Nunton, in Wilts, where several were taken by Dr. Capron and myself. 3. Diachasma fulgida, Hal. (Pl. i 11D aye Opius fulgidus, Hal., Ent. Mag.,iv., 217, 2. 3. Variable ; rufous, metathorax, pectus, Ist abdominal seg- ment, and a transverse band on each of the following segments, blackish ; wings infuscated; form robust. Head rufous; palpi piceous; clypeus not touching the mandibles. Antenne longer than the body, 87-jointed, black, scape piceous beneath. Disk of mesothorax rufous, its sutures impunctate, obsolete behind the middle. A shallow fovea before the scutellum. Mesopleure rufo- piceous, with a strongly crenate furrow. Scutellum and meta- thorax black, the latter coarsely rugose. Wings infuscated ; ner- vures and stigma blackish, the latter very large, ovate, lanceolate, emitting the radius beyond the middle; 1st abscissa obliterated by the stigma, punctiform ; 2d as long as the 1st intercubital nervure and much longer than the 2d; 8d abscissa straight, nearly reaching the extremity of the wing; recurrent nervure interstitial. Hind wings with a distinct pobrachial transverse nervure. Legs rather stout, rufo-testaceous ; last joint of tarsi fuscous. Abdomen ovate- orbiculate ; 1st segment oblong, rugulose, blackish ; the following segments rufo-testaceous, cinctured with fuscous bands more 60 Rev. T. A. Marshall’s Monograph of or less confluent. Female not known. Length, 13; wings, 33 lines. Var. 1. The colours given above are those of Haliday’s speci- men, discovered by Walker in the I. of Wight. A g which I took in Epping Forest differs somewhat:—Head black; mesothorax dark piceous, rufescent in the middle; scutellum and metathorax piceo-rufous ; this is the specimen copied in the plate. This species, if I am not mistaken, has been also found at Shiere by Dr. Capron; it is apparently rare everywhere, and has never been observed on the Con- tinent. 4. Diachasma rugosa, Wesm. Opius rugosus, Wesm., Nouv. Mém. Ac. Brux., 1838, play mo @. Variable; head rufous; the rest of the body ochreous, more or less obscure, and sometimes quite black above; form robust. Upper part of face carinated ; clypeus not quite touching the mandibles, its margin straight; stemmaticum and tips of mandibles black. Antenne longer than the body, slender, filiform, 33-jointed, black; scape more or lessrufous. Mesothoracic sutures deeply impressed, punctulate, effaced posteriorly. No punctiform impression before the scutellum. A coarsely punctured space on the mesopleure instead of the usual furrow. Mesothorax coarsely rugose, subcarinate in the middle. Wings hyaline; squamula ochreous ; nervures and stigma fuscous; the latter oval, acumi- nate, emitting the radius a little before the middle; 1st abscissa very short; 2d as long as the Ist intercubital nervure, or even a little longer; 3d straight, almost attaining the extremity of the wing; recurrent nervure evected. Hind wings with no trace of a pobrachial transverse nervure. Legs stout, ochreous; tips of tarsi infuscated. Abdomen short, oval, not longer and hardly wider than the thorax; 1st segment as broad as long, somewhat widened behind, deeply and longitudinally striated, with raised lateral margins and a medial carina; from the base of the 2d segment the abdomen is widened and rounded at the sides to the end of the 3d segment, whence it diminishes rapidly to the anus; 2d segment deeply striated like the Ist; 3d segment more finely striated, its apical margin and the rest of the abdomen smooth and shining. Terebra as long as ! or 3} of the abdomen. Male unknown. Length 13; wings nearly 4 lines. Wesmael’s description was made from a specimen apparently female, with the antenne and terebra broken, British Braconide. 61 and which he obtained from Liége. The insect was not met with again, to my knowledge, until Mr. Bridgman sent me a specimen from his neighbourhood; and singularly enough, while the above description was in progress, I obtained another by beating a hedge not far from this house, in Cornwall. This last example is more highly coloured, and almost black on the head and thorax. EXPLANATION OF Puate II. Fic. 1. Ademon decrescens, Nees, ?. 2. Gnamptodon pumilio, Nees, 2. 3. Hedylus habilis, Marsh., ¢. 4, Wing of Hurytenes abnormis, Wesm. 5. Wing of Opius nitidulator, Nees. 6. Opius testaceus, Wesm., 2. 7. Biosteres carbonarius, Nees, 3. 8. B. hemorrhous, Hal., 2. 9. Diachasma fulgida, Hal., 3. Sy betOs ntl ae Tat! ‘ me fon aay dosart al! Sogone stove ciiisto'ey ol | 3 ist Aye a L iti if Weesai; ab Of Froud Giro «iti 8 i bit € py : TRG fais agi mron® toning” dh 4518 sod lt liste fs Router: cheating é TeSee. HR be pieatile, Iie nan atte nace? Fahy sept mgr bap ciel far: i o oe _ He Nips See hod ers iE af nt by de “POLTAMADS cat - oer & Se Cyd” 6 sy errs, cs ow : ana Olney dabotqatsed- Boe > taal, eitnind alee ath Loea yy tee enna hy peta gall be s i ON Fahne bidiye ; eA re “Thy whi daehs ; e i ec ake 3 am vine ©, ue be x gdm atid s , om (ON6S>10) Ill. African Micro-Lepidoptera. By the Right Honble. Lord WatusineHam, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. |Read November 5th, 1890.] Puates III., IV., V., VI. & VII. I am indebted to many kind correspondents for the material dealt with in this paper. Mr. Gilbert T. Carter, C.M.G., formerly Treasurer and now Administrator of the Gambia Settlements, has sent me many things from Accra and Bathurst, some of which have been dealt with in a previous paper (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 219—288, Pl. X.—XIIT.). Mr. J. M. Hutchinson has collected for me at Kimbolton (Estcourt), Natal. Ihave also received contributions from Mr. Herbert Druce, Colonel Bowker, Mr. C. G. Barrett, and Mr. F. J. Jack- son; the last collection as coming chiefly from the country between Kilima Njaro and the coast is especially interesting. The species described in this paper by no means exhaust the material, and I hope at some future time to work out the remainder. In the meanwhile the present considerable addition to the list of African Tineide and Tortricide may perhaps be useful to those who study the subject. The majority appear to belong to well-known .Huropean genera, several of which are now recorded for the first time as occurring in Africa. In wy previous paper attention was drawn to certain genera which appear on both sides of the Atlantic; no less than seven additions are here made to this list :— Phecasiophora, Grote, CEta, Grote, Ide, Chambers, Polyhymno, Chambers, Strobisia, Clemens, Anorthosia, Clemens, and Zarathra, Walker. Some of these have a still wider distribution, and will soon be also recorded as Asiatic. The genus Philobota, Meyrick, hitherto confined to the Australian region, is here recog- nised. It is extremely probable that a more intimate acquaintance than I possess with the numerous new Australian genera characterised by Meyrick would show TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—PraRTI. (MARCH.) 64 Lord Walsingham on that other African forms not dealt with in this paper can be rightly referred to some of them. The Indian genus Timyra, Walker, is now found to occur in Africa. Some few corrections are made in the synonymy of described genera: Nigilgia, Walker, is identified as equal to Phycodes, Guenée ; Polyhymno, Chambers, turns out to be the same as the South American genus Copocercia, subsequently described by Zeller; my African genus Teratopsis is Hememann’s Cacochroa, with which I have only lately become acquainted in Europe. Nine new genera are characterised in this paper, seventy-one new species are described and figured, while additional localities are given for many previously known ; moreover, some few omissions in my former list of South African species are corrected. TORTRICIDA. TORTRICINA. Trras, J'r. Teras (Acleris, Hb.) algoana, F. & R., Reise Nov. Lp., TEI OPOOOVIUls BOs (SVG), 2s Grahamstown (Cape Colony). This species, with which I am unacquainted, was acci- dentally omitted from my former paper (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881), which professed to give a complete catalogue of South African Tortricide. Cacacra, Hb. Cacecia adustana, Wlsm. Grahamstown (Cape Colony) ; one specimen (Druce). I am only acquainted with the 2 of this species; the reception of the ¢ may perhaps prove that it should be referred to Pandemis. (Pl. iii., fig. 1.] Cacecia occidentalis, sp. n. Antenne reddish brown. Palpi reddish brown. Head deep reddish brown. Fore wings, 3, reddish brown, paler beyond the oblique median fascia, much shaded with purplish fuscous sealing from the base of the dorsal margin nearly to the anal angle; this African Micro-Lepidoptera. 65 fuscous scaling extends upwards as far as the middle of the wing, where a rich chestnut-brown fascia, running obliquely outwards from the middle of the costal margin, meets it and blends with it ; a small space on the middle of the dorsal margin is slightly paler than the surrounding surface; towards the apex an obliquely curved shade of rich chestnut-brown is attenuated from the costal margin to the lower half of the apical margin; cilia reddish brown. In the 2, which is considerably larger than the g, the purplish fuscous scaling on the dorsal half of the wing is reduced to two dorsal spots, the first before, the other beyond the middle; these are mixed with chocolate-brown, but the whole wing-surface shows a mottled appearance caused by patches and lines of pale steel-grey scales, visible only in a strong light. Hind wings rich brownish ochreous, with a cupreous tinge; cilia paler, with a darker line near their base. Abdomen and anal tuft the same colour as the hind wings. Fxp.al. J 16mm., 9 24mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia); six specimens. ‘‘ Taken ~ at light, November and December.” (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. Loxotmnia, Stph. The genus Loxotenia is retained in the present paper, for, although I am inclined to agree with Mr. Meyrick in suppressing it in favour of Cacwcia upon the grounds stated in his paper on the classification of the Tortricina of Australia (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., vi., 488 (1882) ), it involves a more considerable alteration of accepted nomenclature than would be justified without a detailed examination of a considerable number of North American, as well as African, species, which I am not at present in a position to undertake. Loxotenia capensana, Wkv. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson) ; Gra- hamstown (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce). Loxotenia elegans, Wlsm. Estcourt (Natal), five specimens (Hutchinson) ; Gra- hamstown (Cape Colony), two specimens (Druce) ; Zulu- land, one specimen (collected by the late Col. Harvey Tower). bag ns 3 TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND, 1891.--PART I. (MARCH.) F 66 Lord Walsingham on Panprmis, Hb. Pandemis reciprocana, Wky. Teras reciprocana, Wkr., Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M., XXYVIII., 295. (1863). Cacecia reciprocana, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 221. When writing my previous paper I was only acquainted with the ? of this species, and was consequently unable to refer it with certainty to Cacewcia; I have since received two males, collected at Estcourt (Natal) by Mr. J. M. Hutchinson. These differ from Cacecia, Hb., in not possessing a costal fold, and reciprocana should be placed in the genus Pandemis, Hb., although the notch in the basal joint of the antenne of the ¢ is but slightly indicated. Pandemis dorsiplagana, Wlsm. Loxotenia dorsiplagana, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 222—3. This species should also be referred to Pandemis, Hb. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce) ; Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Pandemis capitana, F. & R. Tortrix capitana, F'.& R., Reise Nov. Lp., Pl. CXXXIX., 48 —49 (1875). Cacecia ? capitana, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 221—2. I was unacquainted with this species in 1881, and referred it provisionally to Caewcia. I have since received both sexes, which prove it to be a Pandemis. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), four specimens (Druce). Areyrotoxa, Stph. (Pl. iii., fig. 2.] Argyrotoxa tigrina, sp.n. Antenne brown at the base, greenish beyond. Palpi projected second joint thickly clothed, the scales at its apex projecting slightly beneath the short apical joint; whitish ochreous above, _ African Micro-Lepidoptera. 67 umber-brown at the sides and beneath. Thorax ochreous above, brown at the sides, the tegule shining grey. Fore wings with the costa very slightly raised in the middle, apex pointed, apical margin oblique, not convex : silvery grey, with four narrow trans- verse fasciz, each golden yellow, with an umber-brown central line throughout; the first commencing at one-third from the base, slender, outwardly convex; the second central, stouter, slightly convex outwardly, and differing from the others in the more im- portant umber-brown line nearly covering its outer half; the third at about two-thirds of the wing-length, slightly oblique, tending outwards from costal to dorsal margin, where it terminates just before the anal angle; the fourth, also oblique, terminating beyond the anal angle ; beyond these fascie is a short transverse streak of a similar colouring, immediately before the apex, preceded by a short costal streak of the same colour; a diffused golden yellow basal-streak above the middle does not reach the first fascia; cilia greyish fuscous. Under side greyish, with small pale ochreous and brown costal spots beyond the middle. Hind wings and cilia grey. Under side whitish grey. Abdomen darker grey; anal tuft ochreous. Legs whitish ochreous. Exp. al. 16mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. EIS nie ies.) Argyrotoxa flavicostana, sp. n. Antenne, head, and face pale straw-colour. Palpi greyish fuscous. Thorax greyish fuscous, narrowly margined anteriorly with pale straw-colour; tegule pale straw-colour. Fore wings greyish fuscous, the costal margin pale straw-colour to beyond the apical third; the lower edge of the clearly-defined pale costal band is somewhat sinuous and narrowly margined with whitish; at one-third from the apex a pale straw-coloured transverse streak, or narrow fascia, reaches to the dorsal margin immediately before the anal angle, where it is somewhat dilated, this fascia is much attenuated (almost interrupted) below the costal band, with which it becomes blended, it is narrowly margined on both sides by a whitish line; a pale whitish narrow sinuous line runs from the anal angle around the apical margin; there are a few (4 or 5) small greyish fuscous costal spots in the pale costal band, and a series of spots (about 7) of the same colour runs down the centre of the transverse fascia; cilia pale ochreous, with one or two darker lines. Hind wings rather pointed, with the outer margin FQ 68 Lord Walsingham on very oblique, greyish brown; cilia the same. Abdomen and legs greyish brown. FHzp. al. 18 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), three specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. (Pl. iii., fig. 4.] Argyrotoxa viridis, sp. 0. Antenné rather more than half the length of the fore wings, ‘brownish fuscous, slightly pubescent. Palpi brownish ochreous, dusted externally with fuscous ; second joint thickened anteriorly, somewhat coarsely scaled ; apical joint obtuse, much shorter than the second. Head dull brown, with erect scales above. Thorax bright green, with a vermilion-red oblique streak on each side posteriorly. Fore wings about twice as long as wide, costa sud- denly arched near the base, thence parallel with the dorsal margin to the slightly rounded apex; apical margin straight, somewhat rounded off at the anal angle: bright bluish green, the costal and apical margins narrowly brownish ochreous, on which are a series of about fourteen black dots and spots of different sizes from the base to the apex, some of which are margined on their lower edges with red; along the apical margin are also some black spots, but somewhat suffused and ill-defined; upon the surface of the wing are about seven conspicuous vermilion-red spots or streaks; the first elongate, reniform, extending obliquely downwards, near the base of the wing, to the fold; a second also on the basal third of the wing, elongate, quadrangular, obliquely placed above, beyond, and parallel to the first; below this one is an elongate streak of the same colour, the upper end of which barely crosses the fold, the lower end reaching obliquely -the basal third of the dorsal margin; about the middle of the wing is another less elongate quadrangular spot, above which is a streak connected with a black costal spot, and beneath a rather larger oblique streak crossing the fold to the dorsal margin beyond the middle; an elongate oblique streak of the same colour, its upper end somewhat dilated, extends from the upper end of the cell towards the anal angle, but does not reach it; beyond the cell the wing is tinged with dull greyish or purplish fuscous; an undulating narrow whitish line forming the inner edge of the ochreous marginal shade ; the middle of the cilia on the apex and apical margin is clouded with greyish or purplish fuscous. Hind wings as wide as the fore wings; brown, the costal margin straw-white nearly to the apex, which is produced, the African Micro-Lepidoptera. 69 wing being emarginate beneath; cilia brown. Abdomen brown. Legs ochreous, clouded with fuscous. Hap. al. 14mm. Hab. Accra (Gold Coast), one specimen (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. CONCHYLIN/. Concuyuis, Tr. Conchylis triment, F. & R. Malvern (Natal), one specimen (Bowker). [Pl. iii., fig. 5.] Conchylis tricolor, sp.n. Antenne simple; orange at the base, leaden beyond. Palpi pale orange. Head leaden grey above; face orange. Thorax transversely barred with orange in front, leaden grey in the middle, and bright scarlet behind. ore wings, costal and apical portions orange, the extreme costal margin dotted irregularly throughout with leaden grey; a large reniform leaden grey spot before the apex, not reaching the costa, but attenuated downwards to the apical margin above the anal angle; a large leaden grey patch ex- tends from the base nearly to the anal angle, occupying three-fourths of the width of the wing, and approaching the costa at its upper and outer angle at two-thirds from the base, its upper and outer edges irregularly sinuous and clearly defined, the outer edge somewhat transverse, oblique; this leaden patch contains three transverse bright vermilion bars, not reaching to its upper edge, and a spot of the same colour; the first bar near the base touching the dorsal margin is angulated outwards on the fold, the second bar tending a little obliquely inwards from the middle of the dorsal margin is attenuated (almost interrupted) at a point a little above the fold; the third bar starting erect from the dorsal margin is dilated and bent a little inwards at half its length; between the first and second bars, and almost touching the orange costal border, lies a nearly circular spot containing afew black scales before its upper edge, which is narrowly margined with orange; cilia orange. Newration 7 and 8 from a common stem. Hind wings with the costal mar- gin depressed before, and the outer margin concave below, the produced but obtusely pointed apex; brownish fuscous; cilia the same, with a slight purplish gloss. Newration 3 and 4 from a common stem, as also 6 and 7. Abdomen brownish fuscous. Exp. al. 10 mm. 70 Lord Walsingham on Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. GRAPHOLITHIN. Evupemis, Hb. Eudemis botrana, Schiff. Pietermaritzburg (Natal), October—November, one specimen (Bowker). This species has not apparently been hitherto recorded from South Africa; it has probably been introduced with its well-known food-plant, the grape-vine. [ells mitts. saves (O. EHudemis spissana, Z. Grapholitha spissana, Z., Hand. Kong. Svensk. Vet.- Ak., 1852, 82—3. This species has much the appearance of a true Grapholitha, but agrees in neuration with Hudemis, Hb., to which genus it should be transferred. There is only one point in which Zeller’s description seems to require an additional note; he describes the four costal streaks before the apex as white; these are of a leaden grey if looked at in an ordinary light, but, bemg somewhat metallic, they appear almost white if held in certain positions. The type being in Stockholm, I have figured the species, which, I have no doubt, is rightly identified. Zeller was only acquainted with the ?; I have both sexes. Estcourt (Natal, four specimens (Hutchinson). Bactra, Steph. Bactra lanceolana, Hb. Estcourt (Natal), four specimens (Hutchinson). Eccorsis, Z. Eccopsis wahlbergiana, Z. Bathurst (Gambia), ten specimens (Carter). African Micro-Lepidoptera. gf (eT a., fies 7): Ficcopsis ? nebulana, sp. n. Antenne cinereous, a dark spot beneath on each basal joint. Palpi pale cinereous; second joint with a blackish spot on the upper edge towards the base, beyond this an oblique transverse bar, followed by some darker shading. Head fuscous above; face cinereous, with a conspicuous black spot in front near each eye Thorax fuscous, the tegule cinereous at the base. Fore wings cinereous, mottled with delicately striated patches of leaden grey; with a series of short triangular oblique spots throughout the length of the costal margin separated by pale geminations, the one at half the wing-length being the most important, expanded outwards below the costa, and margined with a pale cinereous line; on the middle of the dorsal margin is a large, very distinct, dark brownish-fuscous patch, rounded at its upper edge above the middle of the wing, and with a slight pointed excrescence at its upper and outer corner, margined throughout by a slender cinereous line ; the extreme apex of the wing is brownish fuscous, and below it, arising from about the middle of the apical margin, is a pale brownish or greyish fuscous well-defined and inwardly oblique dash running upwards, but not reaching to the costal geminations; a dark line runs along the apical margin before the greyish cinereous cilia. Hind wings greyish fuscous, with a dark line near the base of their paler cilia. Abdomen greyish fuscous. Exp. al. 18 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. I have little doubt that this is a true Hccopsis, although no male specimen has reached me. The species is very distinct. Pentuina, T'r. [Pl. iii., fig. 8.] Penthina brevibasana, sp. n. Antenne dark greyish fuscous, with the basal joint whitish ochreous. Palpi whitish ochreous. Head reddish brown above, whitish ochreous in front. Thorax dark brown, tegule reddish brown. Fore wings rather pointed, the apical margin slightly oblique, the costa convex; whitish ochreous, much mottled with olive-grey and chestnut-brown, with a conspicuous short basal patch reddish brown, darkened on its outer half by a strong admixture of deep fuscous scales, its outer edge, leaving the costal 72, Lord Walsingham on margin at about one-fourth of the wing-length, reaches to beyond one-third of the dorsal margin, and is slightly serrated throughout ; this is followed by a large irregularly diffused olivaceous patch, above which, on the costa, are two more olivaceous spots, with in- distinct short oblique costal streaklets between, before, and beyond them; beyond the olivaceous patch are streaks and mottlings of chestnut-brown, not reaching to the costal quarter of the wing ; cilia shining dark purplish fuscous, almost black. Under side greyish fuscous, with a pale ochreous space along the costal and apical margins, which is irrorated throughout and shaded at the extreme costa near the base with greyish fuscous. Hind wings brownish grey, with slightly paler cilia, along the base of which runs a slender line of the wing-colour. Abdomen dark brownish grey. Legs whitish ochreous. Hzp. al. 22 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, ?, Mus. Wlsm. A conspicuous and distinct species, easily recognised by the short outwardly oblique dark basal-patch, con- trasting somewhat strongly with the paler surface of the wing beyond it. Srricoris, Tr. (Pls i.) fs 95) Sericoris apicipunctana, sp. n. Antenne grey. Palpi tawny grey, pale beneath and at the extreme apex. Head tawny grey, the face paler. Thorax tawny grey. Fore wings brownish fuscous, with an equal admixture of diffused leaden grey mottlings, the darker shade prevailing only in an ill-defined oblique transverse band beyond the middle; the pale costal geminations are alternated with brownish fuscous spots or streaks, of which two spots at the apex are most conspicuous, the first costal, triangular, and outwardly oblique, the other apical, larger, more rounded, and somewhat inverted ; some tawny-brown colouring is visible about the ends of the costal geminations; cilia tawny, paler at the anal angle, a dark line near their base. Hind wings brownish fuscous, with paler cilia, along the base of which runs a pale line. Abdomen brownish fuscous. Hap. al. 12— 16 mim. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), three specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. African Micro-Lepidoptera. 73 PHACASIOPHORA, Grote. [Pl. iii., fig. 10.] Phecasiophora variabilis, sp. n. Antenne simple; greyish fuscous. Palpi short and compact the apical joint small, greyish fuscous above, paler beneath. Head greyish fuscous, clothed with short rough scales. Thorax the same colour as the head. Sore wings greyish fuscous, paler along the first half of the dorsal margin, and sometimes with a pale diffused patch on the costal margin before the middle, in which are two or three small dark costal spots; beyond this is a short brownish fuscous oblique costal streak, followed by others of the same colour close to the apex; the most noticeable marking on the wing is a large dark brown patch above the anal angle, paler about the angle itself, but reaching nearly half-way along the dorsal margin, and approaching the costa before the apex at its upper end, where it is deflexed to a point above the middle of the apical margin ; this patch is edged with a slender ill-defined greyish white line throughout its inner and upper margin, which meets a short slender greyish white streak coming from the costa immediately before the apex; in the darker portion of the wing is a somewhat distinctly darker shade along the first half of the fold; cilia greyish white at and below the apex and above the anal angle, but dark brown along the middle of the apical margin. Under side unicolorous pale brownish fuscous, the cilia dirty whitish about the apex and anal angle. Hind wings brownish fuscous; cilia greyish white, with an obscure dark line along their base. Abdomen brownish fuscous. Hap. al. 21 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. The species appears to be variable; the general pat- tern of coloration is probably maintained, but the colours vary from dark greyish fuscous to reddish brown, or chestnut-brown, and perhaps even to other tints in an extended series. The African form of this genus differs from the North American type, as described by Grote, in having strong tufts of scales on the hind legs in both sexes (not in the male only). It is interesting to find that not only does the allied genus Eccopsis of Zeller (equal Clemens’ North American Haartema), but that this North American genus, described by Grote (Bull. Buff. Soc. N. H.,1., 90, 74 Lord Walsingham on Pl. Il., 4—6 (1878)), also occurs on the African con- tinent. (SEL iret onal) Phecasiophora basicornis, sp.n. Antenne greyish cinereous, faintly annulated; the basal joint distinctly white above. Palpi greyish fuscous; the second joint stout and thickly clothed. Head and face dark brownish fuscous, a few dirty whitish scales on the crest. Thorax mottled cinereous and fuscous, its anterior edge darker; posterior edge and tegule with some brownish scales. Fore wings sprinkled and mottled with cinereous, reddish brown, and fuscous, the base reddish brown on the costal half, streaked with very dark fuscous along the costal margin ; the reddish brown scaling is continued towards the dorsal margin in scattered patches, forming a sort of ill-defined basal- patch ; beyond this is a pale cinereous ill-defined transverse fascia, rather bowed outwards, and much sprinkled with dusky scaling, a patch of grey occupying its central part above the fold; beyond this fascia is a broad transverse shade of chocolate-brown, tinged with grey on its lower half, narrow at the costal, wide at the dorsal margin, slightly oblique and angulated at the middle of its outer edge; beyond the upper half of this chocolate-brown shade is a conspicuous whitish grey subcostal patch, into which a series of four geminated whitish grey streaks run from the costal margin; a chocolate-brown patch encroaches upon the lower edge of the pale subcostal patch, which runs to a subfaleate attenuated point below the apex, where a slender whitish line interrupts the cilia on the apical margin; the chocolate-brown is modified with grey above the anal angle; cilia brown on the upper half, greyish at the lower half of the apical margin. Hind wings brownish fuscous, with a dark line throughout the greyish cilia. Abdomen brownish fuscous. Legs greyish fuscous, the tufts of the posterior tibize distinctly whitish at the ends and on their inner sides. Exp. al. 23 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, d, Mus. Wlsm. I have but one specimen; the species is probably variable, but 1 think it is quite distinct from the one previously described. Puoxopreris, 7'r. Phoxopteris natalana, Wlsm. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). African Micro-Lepidoptera. 75 [EN Wbohag myer, IA))6 Phoxopteris oculifera, sp. n. Antenne umber. Palpi dark umber. Head pale umber above, frontal tuft dark umber. Thorax pale umber, tegule darker. Fore wings wmber, faintly streaked longitudinally with obscure whitish ochreous lines; the costal margin with short pale whitish ochreous geminations throughout; on the dorsal portion of the wing below the fold, and about and above the anal angle, the pale whitish ochreous streaking more largely prevails; on the extreme falcate apex, above the marginal indentation, is an ovate dark umber spot, enclosed above and below, but not at its ends, by short pale whitish ochreous streaks, giving it an eye-like appearance ; cilia pale whitish ochreous, tipped with umber at the apex and on the middle of the apical margin. Hind wings greyish umber, with paler cilia, and a dark line along their base. Abdomen greyish umber. Hap. al. 14 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), November, ‘‘ on species of mallow,” one specimen (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. LEM, wbbleg suey, 113}. Phoxopteris falcata, sp. n. Antenne pale fawn. Palpi whitish fawn, rather long, and roughly clothed with long diffuse scales above and beneath the second joint. Head whitish fawn. Thorax pale fawn. Fore wings narrow, elongate, faleate; veins 7 and 8 from a common stem (in which it differs from the typical form of this genus): fawn- colour along the costal third to beyond the middle, deeply shaded with brown on the dorsal and apical portions; the pale costal third is interrupted by a triangular ill-defined brown shade, commencing at the middle of the costal margin; from near the end of the fold a dark brown dash points obliquely upwards towards the apex ; the extreme apex shaded with brown, and a dark line along the base of the pale marginal cilia. Hind wings brownish fuscous, with a pale line along the base of the cilia. Abdomen greyish fuscous. Ezxp. al. 11—12 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), ‘‘ November, taken at light and flying among mallow,” two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ ?, Mus. Wlsm. This species is apparently somewhat variable in the extent and definition of the brown shading. 76 Lord Walsingham on Coptotoma, Ld. (Plan. fig 4.) Coptoloma dimidiata, sp. n. Antenne pale ochreous. Palpi orange ochreous. Head ochreous. Thorax shining orange ochreous. Fore wings shining orange ochreous to one-half their length, sparsely irrorated with purplish fuscous scales; beyond the middle bright orange ochreous, irregu- larly suffused with purplish fuscous streaks and patches, with three or four very oblique metallic steel-blue costal streaklets; cilia orange ochreous, with a silvery metallic lustre, especially on the lower half of the apical margin, within which three or four small black dots indicate an ocelloid patch; the purplish patches are pro- longed further towards the base on the dorsal than on the costal margin. Under side pale greyish fuscous. Hind wings fuscous, with paler cilia. Under side pale greyish fuscous. Abdomen ereyish fuscous. Legs whitish ochreous, spotted above on the ultimate tarsal joints. Hap. al. 8 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), ‘taken at light early in December,” two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species differs from its Asiatic ally, known as Hemerosia aurantiana, Pryer (Cist. Ent. Il., 235, Pl. IV., 12. (1877) ), in the more equal division of the pale and dark portions of the fore wing; in aurantiana the former predominates. DIcHRORAMPHA, (Gn. ee abiiap-smKe9, ILsy.]| Dichrorampha excisa, sp. n. Antenne pale brownish fuscous. Palpi whitish cinereous. Head brownish fuscous; face whitish cinereous. Thorax pale brownish fuscous. Fore wings somewhat excised below the apex, and bulged above the apical margin: pale brownish fuscous to a little beyond the middle; the remainder of the wing suffused with a delicate mauve or pale lilac tint, obscurely striated with darker shades; the inner edge of this suffused portion of the wing is clearly defined, slightly convex towards the base on the lower two-thirds of the wing-width, and abruptly biangulated beneath the costa; on the costal margin are three or four pairs of pale oblique streaklets, those nearest to the apex being shining silvery; two black dots, one opposite the middle, the other below the middle, of the apical margin, the upper one followed by a silvery spot at the bulge, are African Micro-Lepidoptera. CU the only indications of an ocelloid spot; cilia shining silvery, with a dark line along their base. Hind wings brownish fuscous, with pale cilia, also with a dark line near their base. Abdomen and legs greyish fuscous. Hap. al. 16 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. CHOREUTIDA. Cuorgvutis, Hb. Choreutis. bjerkandrella, Thnb. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson). Simatuis, Leach. Pear, fet 16.) Simethis flavimaculata, sp.n. Antenne ciliated in the 9; brownish fuscous, spotted above with whitish ochreous. Palpi pale yellowish, the second joint barred externally with brown, the apical joint with two brown rings, one at the base, the other before the apex. Head pale yellowish in front, brown above posteriorly. Thorax brown above, the anterior margin broadly pale yellow, with an orange tinge; yellowish beneath. Fore wings chocolate-brown, with three conspicuous yellow patches, all slightly tinged with orange; the first at the outer edge of the basal third occupies more than two-thirds the breadth of the wing, beginning narrowly on the costal margin, considerably dilated to the fold, but not reaching the dorsal mar- gin; the other two patches are in the apical third of the wing, one almost touching the costal margin, and with a slender yellow curved costal streak immediately preceding it, the other, which is larger, situated just above the anal angle, rounded in form like the smaller one above it, and also not actually reaching the margins of the wing; cilia brownish at the base, paler outwardly. Under side brownish, with a faint whitish ochreous spot beyond the middle of the costal margin. Hind wings brown, with a small indistinct irregular yellowish patch radiating from their base to the middle ; cilia cinereous, with a brown line along their base. Under side brownish. Abdomen dark brown, a few paler scales at the base laterally. Legs brown; posterior tibiw, tarsi, and spurs con- spicuously banded and spotted with yellow. Hap. al. 14 mm. Hab. Zanzibar, one specimen (Jackson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. 78 Lord Walsingham on ATYCHIADA. Atycuta, Latr. Atychia quiris, F. & R. Cape Colony, two specimens (G. I’. Mathew). (Pl. iii., fig. 17.] Atychia albiciliata, sp. n. Antenne brownish fuscous. Palpi brownish above, except at the base; the base and under side white, except on the apical joint, which is brownish above and below. Head brownish fuscous. Thorax blackish (perhaps slightly darkened by greasiness). Under side fuscous, with some shining scales. Fore wings narrow; brownish fuscous, sprinkled with greyish scales, especially on the outer half; a faint pale line about the base of the cilia, which are brownish fuscous, slenderly tipped with white. Under side brownish fuscous, with a subapical patch and central streak white. Hind wings wider than the fore wings; clear pure white, with brownish fuscous base, and with a broad brownish fuscous band of nearly half their width running around the hind margin and apex, widest about the base and middle; cilia pure white, except at the apex, where they are touched with brownish. Under side with - markings similar to those on the upper surface. Abdomen black, each segment with a very narrow white ring posteriorly, the three ultimate annulations more conspicuous than the others. Under side fuscous, with some shining scales. Hap. al. 15 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. A small species allied to A. quiris, F. & R., but more distinctly marked. PHYCODES, Gn. GEL ni tesa Phycodes punctata, sp. n. Antenne greyish fuscous, paler beneath, with the basal joint whitish on the under side. Palpi white, the apical joint very short, not projecting beyond the head, tinged with grey above. Head leaden grey above, white beneath ; face shining metallic dark fuscous. Thorax leaden grey, with a shining submetallie gloss. Fore wings shining leaden grey, with black spots, the scales so arranged as to give the appearance of minute transverse striz under the lens; on the extreme costal margin are five very small spots African Micro-Lepidoptera. 79 rom the base, followed by one slightly larger, one beyond the middle, which is again followed by two small and one larger, beyond which are one or two small ones before the apex; the other spots are six distinct ones and one small one, arranged as follows: one above and one below the fold, before the middle of which the lower one is considerably nearer to the base than the upper one; a transverse line of three beyond the middle parallel with the slightly oblique apical margin; beyond these one distinct spot below the middle of the apical margin, but not touching it, and above this one small one rather indistinct; cilia shining leaden grey with a bronzy tinge. Under side pale brownish fuscous. Hind wings brownish fuscous, showing two pale spaces radiating from the base to about half the width of the wing; cilia white, tinged with fuscous at the apical and abdominal angles. Under side pale brownish fuscous. Abdomen greyish fuscous above, beneath bright glossy shining white. Legs greyish fuscous, faintly pale spotted above, beneath bright glossy shining white. Hap. al. 20 mm. Hab. KEstcourt (Natal), one specimen ([Zutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. (Plsive, tet. Phycodes substriata, sp.n. Antenne fuscous. Palpi fuscous. Hawstellum brown, long, and naked. Head greyish fuscous; face shining bronzy. Thorax cinereous, speckled with fuscous above, pure white beneath. Fore wings cinereous, densely striated with slender transverse brownish fuscous lines, and with one fascia and several costal and discal spots also brownish fuscous ; the fascia is narrow and straight from costal to dorsal margin at about one-third from the base; it is pre- ceded by two small costal spots, and followed by three or four others, also costal, with faint indications of other diffused costal spots towards the apex; at about two-thirds from the base is a single spot just beyond the end of the cell, with three smaller ones above, below, and before it; the apical margin is strongly tinged with shining bronzy brown; cilia shining bronzy. Hind wings brown, with whitish cilia, except at the extreme apex. Abdomen and legs greyish fuscous above, white beneath. Hap. al. 17— 18 mm. Hab. Zanzibar, three specimens (Jackson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species is closely allied to Phycodes minor, Wlsm., an Indian form. 80 Lord Walsingham on PPL Siento 205) Phycodes albitogata, sp. n. (Antenne and palpi broken). Head whitish grey, speckled. Thorax whitish grey, speckled with bronzy fuscous above, white beneath. Fore wings whitish grey, with delicate transverse bronzy fuscous strize throughout, and with two distinct straight transverse fascie ; the first one at one-third from the base, bronzy black, con- taining two shining metallic brassy yellow bars, reaching throughout from costal to dorsal margin; the second at two-thirds from the base, narrower than the first, slightly interrupted above the fold, and containing one shining metallic brassy yellow bar; the apical portion of the wing beyond the second fascia is slightly shaded as well as striated with bronzy fuscous, and groups of shining metallic brassy yellow scales lie along the apical margin from the apex nearly to the anal angle; there is a small bronzy fuscous streak on the extreme costal margin at the base; cilia shining bronzy brown. Under side unicolorous brown. Hind wings shining semi- transparent white, with a strong lilac hue, and having a broad brown band along the costal margin; cilia delicate white, with a more opaque white line along their base, merging into brown at the extreme apex. Under side lilac-white, with a broad brown band along the costal margin, widening from the base outwards. Abdo- men shining greyish white above, white beneath. Legs white. Exp. al. 16 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. This species differs from Nigilgia adjectella, Wkr., in the second fascia having but one metallic line or bar instead of two, in the absence of a metallic line from this fascia to the apex, and in its paler colour and white hind wings. Phycodes adjectella, Wkr. Nigilgia adjectella, Wkr., Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M., XXVIIL., 512. (1863). Tam unable to separate Nigilgia from Phycodes, Gn., a genus which has hitherto been confined to the Indian region, but which is apparently equally well represented in Africa. Walker’s type was received from. Sierra Leone. I have in my collection a specimen, also a female, received from Mr. F. J. Jackson, who met with it at Tangani, Kolumbi Creek (East Africa), in August, 1885. African Micro- Lepidoptera. 81 TINEIDA. TALAPORIAN &. Dissocrena, Stgr. LENG shiven silvers ally) Dissoctena affinis, sp. n. Antenne bipectinate, each of the long pectinations slender and pubescent. Palpi very short, subochreous. Head brownish cinereous. Thorax cinereous. Fore wings with rather straight costa, rounded apex, and oblique (scarcely convex) apical margin: brownish cinereous, with two indistinct paler subochreous costal patches beyond the middle, and before the middle a very indistinct oblique fascia-form shade of the same colour, dilated outwards from costal to dorsal margin; about three very indistinct subochreous spots on the lower half of the apical margin before the brownish cinereous cilia. Hind wings slightly darker than the fore wings, and with a more fuscous shade owing to the absence of subochreous scaling ; cilia unicolorous. Abdomen and Legs cinereous fuscous. Exp. al. 14 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), three specimens (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. The subochreous markings on this plainly coloured species are very indistinct, and probably almost obsolete on some examples, unless taken in fine condition. They seem to constitute a sufficient ground for separating the species from the South European D. granigerella, Stgr., to which it is nevertheless closely allied. It seems desirable to subdivide the Tinetde of Heine- mann as follows :— A. Maxillary palpi obsolete. 1. Fore wings with veins 7 and 8 arising from a common stem out of vein 9 = SETOMORPHINE. 2. Fore wings with veins 7 and 8 not arising from a common stem out of vein 9 = EvuPLocaMINz. B. Maxillary palpi 4—6-jointed = Tinea. SETOMORPHINA. SETOMORPHA, Z. [Pl. vii., fig. 73.] The neuration of Setomorpha rutella, Z. (the type of the genus), is as follows :— TRANS. ENT. 80C. LOND. 1891.—PaRT I. (MARCH.) @G 82 Lord Walsingham on Fore wings 12 veins; 7 and 8 arising from a common stem out of 9, 7 to apex; 5 and 6 slightly curved, parallel; 3 and 4 from a very short common stem; 2 from near angle of cell, curved at origin. Hind wings 8 veins; 2 and 8 froma point at angle of cell ; 5 and 6 from a common stem, 6 to apex. Hapsifera, Z., agrees with Setomorpha in having 7 and 8 of the fore wings stalked out of vein 9, but differs in the form of the palpi, and in having 5 and 6 of the hind wings, as also 2 and 8, separate. Ischnopsis, Wlsm., should probably be placed in the neighbourhood of these two genera. Zeller’s type of Setomorpha rutellais apparently unique, but I have three or four undescribed African species closely allied to it. EUPLOCAMINA. AUTOCHTHONUS, gen.n. _ (ab7dxG0v0g = bred of the soil.) Type. Autochthonus chalybiellus, Wlsm. LEN spate avers 4] Antenne [3 ?]: 2 simple. Labial palpi coarsely clothed beneath ; second joint more than twice the length of the apical joint, the latter projecting obliquely upwards, cylindrical, more or less acute. Mazillary palpi, Haustellum, and Ocelli obsolete. Head rough. Fore wings narrow, elongate, tufted above, apex depressed, rounded, costal and dorsal margins evenly receding from it. Neuwration 12 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem, forming a short fork, 7 to apex; 9 from the same point as this stem ; the other veins separate; two internal veins, one running throughout the length of the cell from between 4 and 5 ; the other, a shorter vein, cuts off the upper angle of the cell to the base of vein 10. Hind wings elongate-lanceolate, apex slightly rounded, the margins evenly receding from it, but the dorsal margin is slightly more convex than the costal. Newration 8 veins; 2 curved from the outer third of cell; 3 and 4 from a point at the lower angle of cell; 5 and 6 from a common stem; one internal vein running throughout the length of the cell. This genus differs from Huplocamus, Latr., in the structure of the antenne, and in having veins 5 and 6 of the hind wings from a common stem, and 3 and 4 from a point. African Micro-Lepidoptera. 83 [Pl. iv., fig. 22).] Autochthonus chalybiellus, sp. n. Antenne simple’; ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous, the erect apical joint naked; second joint thickly clothed with projecting scales beneath. Head pale ochreous. Fore wings mottled rather transversely throughout with about equal proportions of shining steel-grey, rich dark brown, and pale ochreous, the latter prevailing in the numerous tufts of raised scales which are scattered over the wing-surface; these are sometimes shielded with steel-grey on their anterior sides; the most conspicuous of these tufts are, one above the middle of the dorsal margin but below the fold, another above it near the costal margin, and another about the anal angle of the cell; but the whole wing-surface is very roughly scaled (the species calling to mind the paler but very similar Huplocamus horridella, Wkr., from which it differs, as subsequently stated) ; cilia mixed brownish and pale ochreous, paler at the anal angle. Hind wings eneous, with a purplish gloss; cilia shining greyish. Abdomen brownish grey; anal tuft ochreous. Hap. al. 14— 16 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. ScaLIDOMIA, gen. n. (cxaris = a hoe, aues = shoulder). Type. Tinea horridella, Wkr. [LPS Syinleg aller, 7/2 Antenne stout, very slightly serrated towards the apex, two- thirds the length of the fore wings. Labial palpi, second joint slightly recurved, clothed with projecting scales beneath ; apical joint obliquely erect, cylindrical, obtuse, about one-third the length of the second joint. Mazillary palpi, Haustellum, and Ocellr obsolete. Head rough. Fore wings elongate, apical margin obliquely convex, apex rounded, width equal to about one-third the length; wing-surface more or less tufted with raised scales. Newration 11 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem, 7 to apex; the other veins separate; an internal vein runs from the space between 5 and 6 to between 9 and 10. Hind wings lanceolate- ovate, apex produced, rounded; dorsal margin convex, costal margin nearly straight, slightly depressed from the middle. Neuration 8 veins; 8 and 4 somewhat approximate at base; 6 and 7 parallel ; two internal veins, one from base of 4, the other from G 2, 84 Lord Walsingham on base of 6, meet in the middle of the cell, and are apparently con- tinued to the base in a common stem. This genus differs from Huplocamus, Latr., in the structure of the antenne, and in having but 11 veins in the fore wings. Scalidomia horridella, Wir. Tinea horridella, Wkr., Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M., XXVIIL., AT4. (1868). Euplocamus horridellus, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1881, 237—8. Malvern (Natal), three specimens (Bowker) ; Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). BaRBAROSCARDIA, gen. nl. (@aeSceo; = foreign, scardia (nom. gen.) ). Type. Barbaroscardia fasciata, Wlsm. PRIS vais fo. On Antenne 3 strongly ciliated. Labial palpi roughly clothed beneath; the short projecting apical joint slender, naked, slightly shorter than the second joint. Mazillary palpi, Haustellum, and Ocelli obsolete. Head rough. Fore wings ovate, apex evenly rounded, costal and dorsal margins convex. Newration 11 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem, 7 to apex; rest separate; one internal vein running from the base of 6 to the base of 10. Hind wings as broad as the fore wings, ovate, costal margin straighter and less convex than the dorsal, apex rounded. Newration 8 veins; 3 and 4 arising from a point at the lower angle of the cell; 5 dis- tinctly separate from 4, nearly parallel with 6 and 7; one internal vein from between 5 and 6 dividing the cell throughout. This genus differs from Huplocamus, Latr., in the structure of the antenne, and in having only 11 veins in the fore wings. [RIS oeas) Barbaroscardia fasciata, sp. n. Antenne pale brownish, ciliated in the male. Palpi whitish ochreous, slightly darker at the sides and at the base of the apical joint, projecting, scarcely upturned. Head whitish oehreous, densely clothed above. Fore wings whitish ochreous, sprinkled with scattered brown scales; a distinct brown transverse fascia lies at one-third of the wing-length, and is followed on the outer African Micro- Lepidoptera. 85 half of the wing by three cuneiform brown spots, two costal and one dorsal, all pointing downwards, and sufficiently connected to form a V-shaped mark, with its apex approximate to the anal angle ; the lower extremities of the two costal spots impinge upon the opposite upper corners of the dorsal spot, which occupies the lower half of the wing; cilia whitish ochreous, with a few small brownish spots at their bases. Hind wings grey, with scarcely paler cilia. Abdomen grey. Legs whitish ochreous. Exp. al. 14 mm. Hab. Delagoa Bay (EK. Africa); two specimens (Druce). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. A distinct form, perhaps allied to Huplocamus stupens, Wlern. Lastoctrna, Meyr. Lastoctena sisyrea, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1887, 279. Grahamstown (Cape Colony). CoMPSOCTENA, Z. Compsoctena primella, Z. Iam fortunate in having received the female of this species. It does not fulfil Zeller’s prophecy that it would probably prove to be apterous (Hand. Kong. Svensk. Vet.-Ak., 1852, 87), nor my own suggestion that it would have smaller wings and a larger body than the male (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 227); on the con- trary, the wings are larger (exp. al. g 16—18 mm., ? 20 mm.). The body is long and fringed at the sides posteriorly, the ovipositor is conspicuously produced and abruptly squared at the end, notacute. The antenne are thickly and coarsely scaled, not with clearly divided pectinations, as in the male; but they are in some degree pectinated, the pectinations compressed together, and lying forward along the stem of the antenna. The palpi are roughly clothed with long scattered hair-scales, less closely appressed than in the male. ‘The coloration is much the same as in the male. There can now be no doubt that this genus should be placed among the Tineide, where it should stand in the 86 Lord Walsingham on neighbourhood of Huplocamus, Latr., from which it differs chiefly in the separation of veins 7 and 8 of the fore wings. The genus Lasioctena, Meyr., seems to differ from Compsoctena in the structure of the palpi, which are recurved, and in having veins 6 and 7 of the hind wings approximate at the base. I think I have an undescribed species belonging to this genus. Malvern (Natal), two specimens (Bowker) ; Grahams- town (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce). TINEINA. TinEA, Z. Tinea vastella, Z. Bedford (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce); Gra- hamstown (Cape Colony), three specimens (Druce) ; Cape Colony, eight specimens (Zell. Coll.); Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson) ; Malvern (Natal), one speci- men (Bowker); Caffraria, one specimen (Zell. Coll.) ; Delagoa Bay (Kast Africa), one specimen (Druce) ; Kilima Njaro (Hast Africa), three specimens (Jackson) ; Sudan, two specimens (Zell. Coll.), three specimens (Frey Coll.). Tinea tapetzella, Z. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce). This species has apparently not been previously re- corded from South Africa. Tinea fuscipunctella, Hw. Estcourt (Natal), (Hutchinson). [Pl. iv., fig. 24.] Tinea zebra, sp.n. Antenne whitish ochreous. Palpi whitish ochreous. Head yellow. Thorax brown, inclining to ochreous posteriorly. Fore wings pale shining ochreous, the basal third of the costal margin nar- rowly brown ; a brown longitudinal basal streak, tapering outwards, runs along the fold to the anal angle, where it is connected with a brown shade whichis continued along the base of the cilia around the apex; a wedge-shaped shade of scattered brown scales points inward from the apex, and terminates in a brown spot anda slender brown line about the end of the cell; cilia pale shining ochreous. Under African Micro-Lepidoptera. 87 side brownish, with pale cilia. Hind wings and cilia shining whitish ochreous. Abdomen and legs ochreous. Hap. al. 14mm. Hab. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), three specimens (Druce). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. BLABOPHANES, Z. Blabophanes longella, Wkr. Gambia, one specimen (Druce); Zululand, one speci- men received from the late Col. Harvey Tower. Blabophanes monachella, Hb. Bathurst (Gambia), ‘‘ November—December,”’ one specimen (Carter). This widely-distributed species is apparently new to the African fauna, but this and longella are probably only varieties of one species. Blabophanes speculella, Z. Estcourt (Natal), three specimens (Hutchinson). Blabophanes rejectella, Wkr. Estcourt (Natal), three specimens (Hutchinson). Blabophanes rutilicostella, Stn. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson). NemopHora, Hb. Nemophora elongatella, Wlsm. I notice that this species differs siightly in neuration from the European forms of Nemophora; veins 5 and 6 of the hind wings are separate, and the cell is somewhat longer. Estcourt (Natal), three specimens (Hutchinson). CEROMITIA, Z. N. syn. = Agzsana, Mschl. (1888). This genus is distinguished from Nemophora by its shorter maxillary palpi, and by having veins 8 and 9 of the fore wings and 5 and 6 of the hind wings separate: it is undoubtedly allied to Nemophora. 88 Lord Walsingham on Ceromitia wahlbergi, Z. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson) ; Mal- vern (Natal), one specimen (Bowker). Ceromitia turpisella, Wkr. Nemophora turpisella, Wkr., Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M., XXVIIL., 497 (18638). N. syn. = Agisana caffrariella, Mschl., Ver. Z.-b., Ges. Wien., XXXII., 308—9, Pl. XVI., 24 (1883). This species belongs properly to the genus Ceromitia, but the neuration does not appear to be constant ; veins 8 and 9 of the fore wings being coincident at the base in some specimens, although not necessarily in both wings ; the separation of veins 5 and 6 of hind wings is, however, a constant character. Annshaw (Cape Colony), one specimen (Barrett) ; Est- court (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson) ; Malvern (Natal), one specimen (Bowker); Delagoa Bay (Kast Africa), two specimens (Druce). Ceromitia alternipunctella, Wlsm. Nemophora alternipunctella, Wism., Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1881, 245—6. This species must also be placed in Ceromitia. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce). ADELIN &. ADELA, Latr. [Pl. iv., fig. 25.] Adela cuneella, sp. n. Antenna inthe J about twice as long as the fore wings ; brownish above, hoary beneath, the basal third spotted with whitish on the upper side. Palpi and Head very roughly clothed with long hair-like scales, brownish fuscous above, hoary beneath. Thorax brownish fuscous above, hoary beneath. Fore wings hoary, thickly clothed with closely-packed elongate bronzy-brown scales, in some lights showing metallic lustre; at two-thirds of the wing- length is an outwardly oblique, cuneiform, whitish costal streak reaching half-across the wing, margined with bronzy brown on each side, the inner margin slightly darker than the outer; at the apex of the wing is a rather distinct small curved fuscous line at the base of the cilia, which beyond it are white, tipped with bronzy African Micro-Lepidoptera. 89 brown ; this curved line is preceded in the costal cilia by a short inwardly oblique whitish streak, margined by bronzy-brown scales, and below it, in the cilia of the apical margin, are a few corre- sponding whitish scales, below which is a slender broken bronzy line at the base of the cilia, which are dirty white, shading to bronzy brown at the anal angle. Hind wings bronzy brown, with a darker line along the base of the unicolorous cilia. Abdomen and Legs fuscous; tarsal joints spotted with white. Hap. al. 10— 11 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. A small, rather obscure species, but very distinct from any of its known European or American allies. Nemotois, Hb. [Pl. iv., fig. 26.] Nemotois humilis, sp. n. Antenne bronzy, faintly annulated, rather more than twice as long as the fore wings. Palpi very short, roughly clothed with hair-like scales. Head dull purplish fuscous. Thoraa shining bronzy. Fore wings shining bronzy, without markings; the metallic scales are arranged in lines throughout, divided from each other by the darkened ground colour, which is scarcely visible be- tween them. Hind wings purplish, with scarcely paler purplish cilia. Abdomen fuscous. Legs fuscous; the posterior tarsal joints faintly pale spotted. Hp. al.8 mm. Hab. Delagoa Bay (East Africa); five specimens (Druce). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. A very small unicolorous species allied to cupria- cellus, Hb. : HYPONOMEUTIN#. HyponoMEuvTA, Z. Hyponomeuta subplumbellus, Wlsm. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Hyponomeuta strigillatus, Z. Hyponomeuta strigillatus, Z., Hand. Kong. Svensk. Vet.-Ak., 1852, 102—3. N. syn. = Hyponomeuta perficitellus, Wkr., Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M., XXVIII., 581—2 (1868). 90 Lord Walsingham on Delogoa Bay (Kast Africa), two specimens (Druce) ; Accra (Gold Coast), (Carter). Hyponomeuta morbillosus, Z., Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., XIIIL., 2298, pl. III., 66 (1877). Zanzibar. ; This species was omitted from my previous paper (Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1881). Be erases inked >47/-)| Hyponomeuta puncticornis, sp. n. Antenne pale leaden grey, with a minute spot on the upper side of the basal joint. Palpi short, porrected; pale leaden grey, un- spotted. Head pale leaden grey. Thorax pale leaden grey, with five black spots and one on the anterior half of each of the tegule; the thoracic spots are arranged as follows: two anterior adjacent ; two median, more widely separated; one posterior, remote. Fore wings shining pale leaden grey, with about fifteen black spots; a line of four or five near the costal margin, the last only beyond the middle, the last but one about the middle; a line of four above the fold, the last slightly beyond the middle; a line of four below the fold, the last slightly beyond the outer spot of the middle line; two or three more near the apical margin before the cilia; cilia pale leaden grey. Under side dark greyish fuscous. Hind wings shining leaden grey, scarcely darker than the fore wings; cilia slightly darker than the hind wings. Under side slightly paler than in the fore wings. Abdomen dark greyish fuscous. Hzap. al. 24 mm. Hab. Delagoa Bay (East Africa), two specimens (Druce). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. (Eta, Grote. [Pl sivepuea2S. (ta carteri, sp.n. Antenne somewhat serrated, thickened, purplish fuscous ; apical third snow-white, spotted above with fuscous and tipped with fuscous. Palpi recurved to middle of face, purple. Hawstelluwm orange. Head deep purple, with two conspicuous snow-white lateral spots behind the antennz and two on the face. Thorax deep purple, with two anterior snow-white spots, somewhat smaller than those behind the antenne; one central snow-white spot behind the middle, and two small snow-white lateral spots beneath African Micro-Lepidoptera. 91 the tegule. Fore wings deep shining purple, with from fifteen to eighteen conspicuous snow-white spots, mostly circular; one at the middle of the base, three on the costa, of which two are on the basal half, and one at the commencement of the apical fourth, the latter somewhat produced downwards; two spots in the basal half on the dorsal margin, the first circular, the second smaller and semi- circular; between these and the first two of the costal spots is a large round spot crossing the fold; immediately beyond the middle of the wing are two similar ones, of which the lower one is the larger, and lies immediately below the fold; beyond these again is an elongate reniform spot, produced downwards to the fold ; between this and the anal angle is another circular spot, not touching the dorsal margin ; in the apical fourth of the wing are three spots, one somewhat reniform, produced downwards, but not parallel with the apical margin, the other two are above it, both circular, the outer one being the smaller; besides these spots above mentioned there are three or more very small spots, of which the most conspicuous are one between the two reniform spots, one above the first reniform spot, and one below the costal margin before the apex; cilia bright shining copper-brown. Under side dull fuscous, deep purple towards the apex and apical margin; a white spot on the costal margin at one-fourth from the apex, anda small white spot below and beyond it; these correspond with the similar spots on the upper side of which others are more or less visible. Hind wings copper-brown on the basal half, tending to purplish fuscous outwardly; cilia bright purple about the apex, copper-brown towards the base. Under side brownish, shading to deep purple at the apex, where there are two conspicuous white spots, the one on the costal margin, the other below and beyond it between veins 6 and 7; the costal spot only is visible on the upper side. Abdomen copper-brown, anal segment deep purplish fuscous. Under side bright purple, copper-brown at sides and base, with a white band at the commencement of the purplish colouring, followed by two white spots near it, and a conspicuous white patch on the penultimate segment. Legs bright purple, banded and spotted with white on the tibie; the anterior pair with two large white spots at the base of the femora. Hap. al. 24 mm. Hab. Bathurst, May; one specimen (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. I have named this beautiful and distinct species after Mr. Gilbert T. Carter, to whom I am so deeply indebted for his assiduous efforts to increase my collection of African Micro-Lepidoptera. 92 Lord Walsingham on GYMNoGRAMMA, Z. (Plain... fi¢.929 + Pliivit.,cies 77) Gymnogramma hutchinsont, sp. n. Antenne fuscous. Palpi leaden grey. Head fuscous, a collar of reddish orange dividing the head from the thorax. Thorax leaden grey. Under side leaden grey, orange-red in front near the head. Fore wings and cilia unicolorous leaden grey. Under side orange reddish, except the outer third and costal margins, which are fuscous. Neuration 12 veins; all separate; with a supple- mentary cell caused by 5 being continued through the cell to the base of 11; 1 forked at base. Hind wings and cilia orange-red. Under side orange-red, except at the base. Neuration 8 veins; with a supplementary cell; the internal nervule commences near the base of 6, and is curved downwards, encroaching on the lower cell; 8 and 4 from a point at lower angle of cell; 2 from slightly beyond outer third of cell. Abdomen fuscous, fringed with orange- red at the sides posteriorly ; the anal segment entirely orange-red. Under side orange-red, except at the base. Hap. al. 16 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), three specimens (Hutchinson). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. This species differs from G. rufiventris, Z., in the absence of a dark apical margin and cilia to the upper side of the hind wings, and in its leaden rather than brown fore wings. Evsrixis, Hb. Eustixis flavivittella, Wism. Delagoa Bay (East Africa), two specimens (Druce) ; Kistcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). PLUTELLINZE. Puutewia, Schrk. Plutella cruciferarum, Z. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), 16 specimens (Druce) ; Estcourt (Natal), five specimens (Hutchinson) ; Gambia, two specimens (Druce:. Not hitherto recorded from South or West Africa. GELECHIAN A. GELECHIA, Z. Gelechia rescissella, Z. Lstcourt (Natal), one specimen (/Zutchinson). African Micro-Lepidoptera. 3 Gelechia zetterstedtiella, Z. Estcourt (Natal), seven specimens (Hutchinson). Gelechia aglossella, Wkr., Cat., Lp. Ins. B. M., XXXY., 1830—1 (1866). Cape. This species was omitted from my previous paper. pels ive, fies 30s] Gelechia hutchinsonella, sp. n. Antenne brownish fuscous, faintly pale-spotted above, paler beneath. Palpi pale stramineous, banded with fuscous before the end of the apical joint, and with a brownish fuscous spot at the base of the second joint externally. Head pale stramineous. Thorax stramineous ; patagia with a brown spot at their base. Fore wings stramineous, with a brownish fuscous spot at the extreme base of the costa, thence shaded with greyish fuscous along the costal margin nearly to the commencement of the costo- apical cilia; along the centre of this costal shade a line of chestnut scales can be traced in fresh specimens, reaching to half the length of the wing; contiguous to the lower edge of the costal shade, but before the middle, is a distinct black spot; a conspicuous greyish fuscous patch hes on the dorsal margin contiguous to the anal angle, its rounded inner edge narrowly margined by a line of black scales, its outer extremity touched with chestnut; this patch is connected at the anal angle witha shade of the same colour, which follows the apical margin to the apex, interrupted only by a small marginal spot of the pale stramineous ground colour, immediately below the apex, by which the darker shade appears to be deflected inwards; cilia greyish fuscous. Hind wings and cilia grey. Abdomen grey. Legs greyish, faintly pale-speckled. xp. al. 10—14 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), eight specimens (Hutchinson. Tangani (Kolumbi Creek, Hast Africa), August, one specimen (Jackson). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. g4 Lord Walsingham on (Plies ie. ole Gelechia palpigera, sp. 0. Antenne ochreous. Palpi dark brown, with the apical joint anda spot at the apex of the second joint white. Head and Thorax greyish ochreous. Fore wings greyish ochreous, paler along the base of the costal half; a brown spot at the extreme base of the costal margin is connected by a slender line along the margin with a brown shade on the outer half of the costa, which, commencing very obliquely, is margined internally by a whitish line, and interrupted about half-way to the apex by a similar, slender, very oblique whitish line running to a whitish subapical patch (not visible in every specimen), below which are a few dark scales at the base of the dorsal cilia; on the wing-surface a small fuscous spot lies beyond the end of the cell, opposite the base of the second white costal streak; and in another specimen this is pre- ceded by two similar spots, one on the fold and one on the disk, about equidistant from the other two; cilia greyish ochreous. Under side unicolorous brownish ochreous. Hind wings and cilia dark grey. Abdomen brownish ochreous. Legs greyish ochreous. Eezp. al. 14—17 mm. Hab. Delagoa Bay (East Africa), two specimens (Druce). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. The larger specimen has the three spots, the smaller only one. Bracumia, [Hein. Brachmia trigella, Z. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson). Brachmia subsecivella, Z. Kstcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Anacampsis, Crt. Anacampsis lamprostoma, Z. Gelechia lamprostoma, Z., Is., 1847, 851. N. syn. =Gelechia zulu, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 261—2. Gelechia zulu, Wlsm., must be regarded as a synonym of lamprostoma, Z. This species appears to be widely distributed ; it occurs in Sicily, Spain, Asia Minor, and India, as well as Africa. African Micro-Lepidoptera. 95 Bathurst (Gambia), November, two specimens (Car- ter); Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Procunvuusa, Hein. Ptocheuusa ? cemiostomella, Z., Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., XIII., 857—8 (1887). Zanzibar. This species was omitted from my previous paper. PotyHymno, Chamb., Can. Ent., VI., 246—7 (1874). N. syn. = Corocercia, Z., Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., XIII., 374— 5 (1877). The type of Polyhymno, Chamb., is Polyhymno luteo- strigellu, Chamb., a species occurring in the United States. This species is figured Pl. VIL., fig. 78. Copocercia was described by Zeller for the reception of Copocercia crambinella, Z., from Ubaque. I have several specimens of Polyhymno luteostrigella, Chamb., and the type of Copocercia crambinella, Z. ; there can be no doubt that they are congeneric. Poly- hymno takes precedence. The neuration is as follows :— Fore wings 12 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem, 7 to costa immediately above apex; rest separate, 2 from near angle of cell ; 16 furcate at base. Hind wings 8 veins; 3 and 4 very short, stalked (almost from a point) ; 6 and 7 stalked, 6 to apical margin, 7 to costa. Ocelli present. [Pl. iv., fig. 32.] Polyhymno cleodorella, sp. n. Antenne brownish. Palpi white, tinged with brown on the under side towards the apex. Head shining creamy white. Thorax brown ; tegule shining white. Fore wings falcate at the apex; brown, with shining white longitudinal streaks and ante-apical costal geminations; a wide central white streak from the base, slightly nearer to the costal than to the dorsal margin, is attenuated beyond the middle, and almost reaches the apical margin below the faleate apex; a more slender line of white on the extreme costal margin from near the base is deflexed about the middle of the costal margin, and runs very obliquely outwards, ending slightly beyond and above the end of the central streak; a third 96 Lord Walsingham on white line, starting at the basal third below the fold, crosses the fold beyond the middle, and is somewhat dilated towards its apex, opposite to the middle of the apical margin and on a level with the apex of the upper line; this third line gives off a short oblique branch beneath, which commences on and follows the fold to near the anal angle; there are three short outwardly oblique costal streaks immediately before the apex, and two minute ones above the apex itself in the apical cilia; the ends of the cilia are brown at the extreme apex, with a minute spot of blackish scales lying beneath the projected point; cilia on the apical margin white, with a brown line along their base, within which is a slender parallel white one; cilia at the anal angle tinged with brown. Hind wings deeply emarginate below the pointed apex; brownish grey; cilia pale greyish brown, faintly touched with whitish below the apex. Abdomen brownish. Legs brown, touched with whitish spots on the posterior tarsal joints. Hap. al. 12 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia) ; ‘Three specimens taken in November and December” (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species differs but little from the South American Copocercia crambinella, Z., except in the arrangement of the costal streaks, and in the more conspicuous third line of white crossing the fold. Polyhymno luteotactella, Chamb., is very similar, but distinct. (PRI ivewiioosoe| Polyhymno ? tenuis, sp. n. Antenne with the basal joint elongate, narrow at the base, slightly enlarged towards its apex; white at the base, shaded with brown beyond the basal third. Palpi long, slender, recurved ; white. Head and Thorax shining white. Fore wings slender, falcate at the apex; shining white, with the apex, one costal, and two dorsal oblique streaks, greyish brown; the first dorsal streak commences at one-fourth from the base, is short, stout, outwardly oblique, and reaches to the fold; the second dorsal streak com- mences about the middle of the dorsal margin, is wide at its base, tapering upwards in a very oblique outward direction, crossing the fold, and attenuated to a slender line in the direction of the apex, before which it meets the scarcely less oblique but much shorter costal streak, which commences at about one-third from the apex ; beyond and near the costal streak is a greyish brown shade extending to the apex ; at the extreme apex is a dark brown spot, African Micro-Lepidoptera. 97 narrowly set in white, to which two slender greyish brown streaks running through the white apical cilia give an eye-like effect ; these streaks are bent downward at the apex, and, together with a large patch of brown scales in the subapical cilia, increase the faleate appearance to the wing-tip; they are distinctly visible on the under side; cilia at the anal angle pale brownish grey. Hind wings deeply emarginate beneath the much prolonged and slender apex; pale shining grey; cilia faintly brownish tinged, with a distinct brownish fuscous transverse streak running through them at the extreme apex, and very near their outer points. Abdomen greyish white. Legs white, spotted with brownish. Exp. al. 9—10 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), three specimens (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species is perhaps not properly referred to Poly- hymno, but it is hardly advisable to create a new genus for its reception at present. Its more slender hind wings distinguish it from the typical form of this genus. Stropista, Clem. The neuration of this genus is as follows :— Fore wings 12 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem; or 11 veins, 7 absent (coincident with 8); 2and3 from a curved common stem ; rest separate; 1b furcate at base. Hind wings 8 veins; 8 and 4 from a point at angle of cell; 6 and 7 from a point; 16 furcate at base. Levey ee, OER eallaallen iver Als] Strobisia metallica, sp. n. Antenne pale yellow, spotted with black on the upper side of each joint. Labial palpi long, recurved, acuminate ; apical joint slightly longer than the second; externally whitish, slightly clouded with grey, especially on the inner side. Head greyish fuscous ; face shining whitish grey. Thorax greyish fuscous, with a brownish tint posteriorly. Under side pale greyish ochreous, Fore wings elongate, apex depressed, apical margin scarcely oblique ; bronzy brown on basal two-thirds, streaked with fuscous between the metallic markings, which are as follows: first a con- spicuous bright steel-blue stripe along the costa from base, de- pressed and somewhat widened before the middle of the wing, ending above the fold at about half the wing-length ; this stripe is TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—PART I. (MARCH.) H 98 Lord Walsingham on slightly dark-margined throughout; below it is a streak of a similar colour running along the fold from the base, and ending before the middle of the fold closely above a detached elongate spot of the same metallic steel-blue, lying immediately below the fold beyond its middle; at two-thirds the wing-length are two con- spicuous lilac metallic spots, the first, costal, reaching less than half-way across the wing, the other, dorsal, almost connected with it, and occupying more than half the width of the wing; these are also distinctly dark-margined; beyond them is a broad bright orange-yellow fascia completely crossing the wing; the apical portion of the wing is fuscous, containing three small metallic spots, parallel with the apical margin, and separated from it by an orange streak; cilia bright steel-blue, separated by a dark line from the orange streak. Under side uniformly smooth, shining ereenish grey. Hind wings brownish fuscous; cilia grey. Under side shining greenish grey. Abdomen brownish fuscous. Under side pale greyish ochreous. Legs brownish fuscous, spotted with whitish at the joints ; spurs whitish. Hp. al. 11mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen among a species of mallow in November (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. Bracuycrossata, Hein. The genus Brachycrossata has 12 veins in the fore wings; 7 and 8 from a common stem; 2 and 3 separate and parallel. There are 8 veins in the hind wings; 3 and 4 from a point at lower angle of cell; 6 and 7 from a point at upper angle of cell. The genus, as thus defined, is of very limited extent. A considerable number of species occur in the Indian region, and also in Africa, which agree with Brachy- crossata in all particulars, except that veins 2 and 3 of the fore wings rise from a recurved common stem. This difference in neuration may be sufficient to constitute another genus, but for the present it would be rash to give it a name, as it has most probably been already described by Walker without reference to the neural characters. It will be better for the present at least to divide Brachycrossata into two sections, thus :— A. Veins 2 and 3 of the fore wings separate. B. Veins 2 and 3 of the fore wings arising from a recurved common stem. : African Micro-Lepidoptera. 99 BracHycrossata, Sect. B. Brachycrossata septella, Z. Gelechia (Nothris) septella, Z., Hand. Kong. Svensk. Vet.-Ak., 1852, 108—9. Bathurst (Gambia), seven specimens (Carter) ; Tan- gani (Kolumbi Creek, East Africa), August, one speci- men (Jackson). (el tiven hieei35)4| Brachycrossata marginata, sp. n. Antenne pale fawn-brown, the basal joint shaded with greyish fuscous. Palpi slender; pale fawn-brown on their inner sides and at the end of the apical joint; otherwise pale greyish fuscous. Head dull fawn-brown, shaded with greyish fuscous on the face and vertex. Thorax dull fawn-brown. Fore wings pale fawn- brown ; a discal spot before the middle and a band of even width from the apex to the anal angle, but not reaching the costal mar- gin, greyish fuscous ; there is also an obscure outwardly oblique costal streak of the same colour before the apex; a very faint indication of a second spot at the end of the cell; cilia pale fawn- brown. Under side pale greyish fuscous. Hind wings greyish fuscous, with scarcely paler cilia. Abdomen greyish fuscous; the 3 with a strong ochreous anal tuft. Exp. al. 15—17 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), five specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. This species agrees with septella, Z., in having veins 2 and 3 of the fore wings from a curved common stem. ODITES, gen. n. (oditns = traveller.) Type. Odites natalensis, Wlsm. EARS Satis, 1bvees eX). Antenne simple; basal joint slightly thickened, without pecten. Labial palpi slender, recurved; apical joint nearly equal in length to the second joint, sharply acuminate ; second joint clothed with appressed scales, which do not project beyond it. Maxillary palpi short, meeting over the base of the haustellum. Hawstellwm moderately long, scaled at the base. Ocellr obsolete. Head slightly roughened. Fore wings, apex produced, costal margin scarcely convex, apical margin oblique. Newration 12 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem enclosing the apex; rest separate ; 2 H 2 100 Lord Walsingham on from near angle of cell; an internal vein runs from between 5 and 6 to near base of 11. Hind wings trapezoidal, with produced apex and oblique outer margin. Newration 8 veins; 6and7 from a common stem; 3 and 4 from a point, or from a common stem, from the lower angle of cell; 5 from or near angle of cell. Legs: hind tibiz clothed with smooth appressed scales. This genus will probably be found to include a number of forms from various parts of the world, which have hitherto been confounded with Zeller’s genus Crypto- lechia, from which they differ in having veins 6 and 7 of the hind wings from a common stem, instead of separate and nearly parallel, as in his original type of that genus, Cryptolechia straminella, from South Africa. If the name Cryptolechia is to be retained for the species originally described as the type of that genus,— and I fail to see how the rule can be departed from in this instance,—any family founded upon an alliance with that genus must at least retain its essential characters, and cannot be established to include the forms in which veins 6 and 7 of the hind wings are not separated, this wide difference in neuration being admitted by all authorities to be of the utmost importance in systematic classification. It follows that Zeller’s genus Crypto- lechia falls into the family Gicophoride of Meyrick, and annihilates Meyrick’s family Cryptolechide, which was not founded on the typical form. Mr. Meyrick, recog- nising this, has since recharacterised his family Crypto- lechid@ under the name Xyloryctide (Tr. Roy. Soe. South Australia, 1890, 23—4). I have explained that it is necessary to establish this genus Odites on the strength of its neural characters ; these exhibit affinities to the family Gelechide of Heine- mann rather than to the (cophoride of Meyrick, and moreover distinguish it from all genera yet described, not only in the now suppressed family Cryptolechide, but even more strongly from the Gicophoride which may be retained, provided always that they agree with the original typical Gicophora, whatever that may be. The error, for which Mr. Meyrick cannot rightly be held responsible, has evidently arisen through the confusion which Zeller created by his attempts to expand and amplify his original work. These attempts (Lin. Ent., IX., 3858, et seq. (1854), and Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., XIII., African Micro-Lepidoptera. 101 258—261 (1877) ) had the effect of supplanting his original descriptions, and served rather to obscure the classification than to render it more correct or more easy of comprehension. Cryptolechia straminella having been described originally as the type of the genus (Hand. Kongl. Svensk. Vet.-Ak., 1852, 107), he subsequently recharacterised the same genus in an expanded form, making Depressaria (Volucra) flava, from South America, the typical species (Lin. Ent., IX., 853—5 (1854) ), in- correctly using the expression ‘‘ ven simplices,” whereas veins 7 and 8 of the fore wings in that species are from a common stem, and, in fact, the species agrees in all points with straminella. In the Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XIII., 259 (1877), he removed C. straminella to Machimia, retaining flava in Cryptolechia in defiance of the fact that their characters are identical, and differ from tentoriferella, Clem., the type of Machimia, in the remoteness, at its origin, of vein 2 from vein 8, which arises at the lower angle of the cell of the fore wings. With regard to Stenoma, which was described by Zeller (Isis, 1889, 195), and included griseanum, ltura, and bicolor, alike in structure and neuration; in the Lin. Ent., IX., 891—8 (1854), he identified griseanum as walchiana, Cram., and founded the genus Anteéotricha for its reception, together with some allied species. He then removed lituwra and bicolor to Cryptolechia (pre- sumably Cryptolechia No. 2), from which they differ, as from No. 1, in having veins 7 and 8 of the fore wings, as also 6 and 7 of the hind wings, separate, corre- sponding therefore to his statement ‘‘ vene@ simplices,”’ but not to his selected type. In the Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., XIII., 258 —261 (1877), he still further extended his genus Cryptolechia, including many modified forms as subgenera. He here resuscitated Stenoma (of which, as I have shown, the original type was griseanum = walchiana), and, having got rid of the other species placed in it in the first instance, he left litwra as the type at the head of his list, placing bicolor in a different sub- section, and omitting griseanwin altogether, although the three are identical in structure. In pointing out these inconsistencies I have had the great advantage of possessing nearly the whole series of Zeller’s generic types, in many cases the actual speci- 102 Lord Walsingham on mens used by him in writing his descriptions, and where these are not available, specimens of each species from his own collection, named in his handwriting. It is not surprising that Mr. Meyrick, without the euidance of such valuable material, should have appa- rently failed to identify the precise form of neuration characteristic of the original genus Cryptolechia, which is as follows :— Fore wings 12 veins; 2 from near lower angle of cell; 7 and 8 from a common stem, the fork enclosing the apex; the rest sepa- rate. Hind wings 8 veins; 3 and 4 from a point at lower angle of cell; 5 bent over at its origin and somewhat approximate to 4; 6 and 7 separate, almost parallel; 16 furcate at base; 8 joined to upper edge of cell by a cross vein. [Pl. VIL., fig. 86.| As touching this question of neuration, 1 may perhaps here remark that one at least of the characters on which the Tortricide have hitherto been separated from the Tineide will be found insufficient. It is well known that in all the Tortricide, and in many of the Tineide, vein 1 of the hind wings—that is, the vein nearest to the abdominal margin—is divided into 8 veinlets. De Peyerimhoff, in his ‘ Etude sur l’organisation extérieure des Tordeuses’ (Ann. Soc. Ent. France (ser. 5), VI., 523—590, pl. X.—XII. (1876) ), pointed out that the middle veinlet of these three was furcate at the base, and relied upon this character as distinguishing the family from the allied Tineide. My assistant, Mr. Durrant, has carefuliy searched for this character in the subfamilies and genera of the Tineide, and finds it not only in species allied to Huplocamus, to Gelechia, to (Hcophora, to Atychia, and in Meyrick’s Xyloryctide, but in the typical Tinea tapetzella, L., itself; in short, almost wherever he has looked for it. (Pl. iv., fig. 36.] Odites natalensis, sp. 0. Antenne brownish. Palpi slender, recurved, ochreous, shaded with brown externally to beyond the middle of the second joint. Head rough; pale straw-yellow, shaded with brownish around the eyes. Thorax pale straw-yellow. Fore wings pale straw-yellow to beyond the middle, slightly shaded with brown on the extreme costal margin near the base; beyond the middle is a slightly waved African Micro-Lepidoptera. 103 transverse purplish fuscous line, beyond which the remainder of the wing is entirely shaded with pale brown, or brownish ochreous ; cilia scarcely paler than the apical portion of the wing. Hind wings very pale greyish ochreous; ciliathe same. Abdomen grey anal tuft ochreous. Legs ochreous. Hzp. al. 17 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), six specimens (Hutchinson). — Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. [Pl. v., fig. 37.] Odites carterella, sp. n. Antenne brown at the base, fading to ochreous towards their outer extremities. Palpi pale stramineous ochreous, shaded ex- ternally with brown on the basal portion of the second joint. Head pale stramineous ochreous. Thorax dark brown. Fore wings shining pale stramineous ochreous, with a very short dark brown basal patch, of which the outer margin is slightly bulged below the middle; cilia the same colour as the wings. Hind wings shining whitish, with a faint greyish ochreous tinge; cilia the same. Abdomen pale greyish ochreous. Legs pale stramineous ochreous. Hap. al. 15 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species is somewhat similar in appearance to Depressaria culcitella, H.-S. Odites atropunctella, Wism. Cryptolechia atropunctella, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1881, 256. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson) ; Cape Colony, one specimen (T’rimen). (El ven hie 3 85 Odites ? inconspicua, sp. 0. Antenne stone-colour. Palpi stone-colour, paler on their inner surface. Head and Thoraz stone-colour. Fore wings unicolorous stone-colour ; with two small darker stone-coloured spots, one on the middle of the wing, the other in the same line with it on the end of the cell; cilia stone-colour. Hind wigs and cilia pale 104 Lord Walsingham oz stone-grey. Abdomen stone-grey, anal tuft inclining to ochreous. Legs stone-grey. Hap. al. 13 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. This species differs from the typical form in having veins 2 and 8 of the fore wings from a curved common stem. IDIOPTERYX, gen. 0. ((os=peculiar, rrépva=a wing.) Type. Cryptolechia obliquella, Wism. PPP savas he8ila] Antenne ciliate 4 ; basal joint slightly thickened, without pecten. Labial palpi slender, recurved ; apical joint nearly as long as the second ; second joint clothed with appressed scales, which do not project beyond it. Mazillary palpi short, appressed to base of haustellum. Haustellwm moderately long, scaled at base. Ocellr obsolete. Head clothed with appressed scales. Fore wings, apex produced, costal margin scarcely convex, apical margin oblique. Newration 12 veins; 8 and 9 out of 7, 7 to costa; 3 and 4 out of 2, 2 curved from angle of cell; 5 arising immediately above 2; 1 furcate at base ; internal vein from between 5 and 6. Hind wings broader than fore wings; apex slightly produced, rounded ; outer margin oblique. Newration 8 veins; 6 and 7 from a common stem, 6 to costa, 7 to outer margin; 3 and 4separate; 5 continued through cell to base ; 8 connected with upper margin of cell by a cross-vein near base; 10 furcate at base. Legs: hind tibie thickly clothed with long rough hair-scales. Idiopteryx obliquella, W1sm. Cryptolechia obliquella, Wism., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 254—5. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson). LecitHocera, H.-S. EPI V.tSeoos| Lecithocera marginata, sp. n. Antenne longer than the fore wings; pale ochreous. Palpzi recurved; tawny fuscous; the apical joint equal in length to the second joint. Head and face tawny fuscous, pale ochreous at the sides and over the eyes. Thorax tawny fuscous; tegule pale African Micro-Lepidoptera. 105 ochreous. Fore wings tawny fuscous, narrowly pale ochreous along the costa to a little beyond the middle; this pale ochreous costal streak is wider at the base, tapering outwards, and there is a fuscous shade on the extreme costal margin at the base; on the dark portion of the wing are two small obscure dark tawny brown spots, one at the upper edge of the cell before the middle, another just beyond the middle at the end of the cell, and equidistant from the costal and dorsal margins; cilia tawny grey. Hind wings grey; cilia tawny grey. Abdomen tawny grey, with paler anal tuft. Hap. al. 14 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. [Pl. v., fig. 40.] Lecithocera flavipalpis, sp. n. Antenne thickened, especially towards the middle, shorter than the fore wings; bronze-colour. Palpi recurved, twice the length of the head; second joint thickened with closely appressed scales beneath ; apical joint slender, acute. Hawstellum pale ochreous. Head bronzy above, orange-yellow at the sides. Thorax bronze- colour. Fore wings rounded at the apex, the costa scarcely convex near the base, apical margin obliquely convex; deep bronze-colour, without markings (under the lens minutely irrorated with paler scales); cilia shining bronzy. Hind wings wide, not emarginate below the slightly rounded apex; paler than the fore wings, bronzy fuscous; cilia the same, rather shining. Abdomen dark bronzy fuscous. Legs pale ochreous, tinged with bronzy fuscous on the posterior tarsal joints. Hap. al. 18 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. Lecithocera maculata, Wlsm. Tangani (Kolumbi Creek, East Africa), August, one specimen (Jackson). Timyra, Wkr. [Pl. v., fig. 41; Pl. vii., fig. 83.] Timyra extranea, sp. n. Antenne ochreous; g with a long and conspicuously projecting tuft of greyish scales beneath the outer side of the basal joint; in 106 Lord Walsingham on the 2? simple. Palpi, 3, long, recurved, above the crown thickly clothed with long diffuse ochreous hair-like scales on the upper side to the end of the rather stout, pointed apical joint, which is two-thirds the length of the second joint; in the ? very slender and naked. Head ochreous, thickly tufted above the eyes. Thorax ochreous. Fore wings ochreous, faintly and delicately shaded with brownish ochreous on the basal and outer thirds of the wing- length ; two faintly indicated brownish ochreous discal spots, one at the end of the basal third, the other at the commencement of the outer third, precede and follow the paler central space; cilia ochreous. Hind wings delicately fringed with pale hairs on the upper side of the subcostal vein; pale ochreous, narrowly bordered in the g around the apex and apical margin with brownish ochreous; cilia very pale ochreous. Abdomen pale brownish ochreous. Legs pale ochreous; the joints above the spurs tufted, above the first pair strongly, above the second pair less con- spicuously, with brush-like tufts, ochreous, with a bronzy-brown band running across their outer ends. Hap. al. 14—15 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), Mr. G. T. Carter; three specimens. Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. This genus appears to belong properly to the Indian region ; it has occurred in Ceylon, and I believe also in India. This species is closely allied to Timyra phycisella, Wkr. ApineTria, Ld. (Pll, tie..42)-S Pls vine, oe Sle) Apiletria acutipennis, sp. un. Antenne simple, two-thirds the length of the fore wings; basal joint elongate, slightly enlarged; dull cinereous. Palpi recurved; second joint long, stout, and compactly clothed; apical joint short, slender, acute; whitish cinereous above, sprinkled with dusky scales beneath. Hawstellwm rather short.. Ocelli obsolete. Head smooth, greyish cinereous. Thorax stout, smooth; cinereous, anteriorly shaded with dark grey, a whitish line dividing its anterior margin from the head. Sore wings lanceolate, acute ; costal mar- gin slightly convex, especially towards the base, extreme apex rounded, apical margin very oblique, anal angle obsolete, dorsal margin somewhat bulged near the base; pale cinereous, sparsely sprinkled with elongate fuscous scales, much shaded along the costal margin and on the dorsal margin about the obsolete anal angle with brown and greyish fuscous; with two small fuscous African Micro-Lepidoptera. 107 spots, the first at about half the wing-length, slightly above the middle, the second on the same level beyond it, less than half-way to the apex; cilia greyish cinereous. Newration, vein 2 from near the middle of the wing-length, carried forward above the obsolete anal angle; 7 and 8 from a common stem; rest separate. Hind wings elongate, subovate, about the same width as the fore wings, apex rounded, with very long cilia at the abdominal angle ; greyish cinereous, with slightly paler cilia, near the base of which runs a darker line. Neuration 8 veins; 8 and 4 from a point; 6 and 7 from a common stem. Abdomen dilated, acute, brownish grey. Legs cinereous, sprinkled with ashy brown. Hap. al. 26 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. YpsoLtopuus, F’. Ypsolophus siccifolii, Wism. Malvern (Natal), one specimen (Bowker). (Pl. v., fig. 48.1 Ypsolophus gigas, sp.n. Antenne, in the §, pubescent; brownish bone-colour. Palpi with a very long projecting tuft beneath the second joint, almost as long as the long slender apical joint, projecting three times the length of the head beyond it; brownish bone-colour. Head and Thorax brownish bone-colour. Fore wings with the costa straight, the apex depressed, but rather pointed, the apical margin very oblique; pale bone-brownish, sparsely irrorated with a few darker scales, and with three indistinct darker spots, one on the fold at half its length, and two at the outer extremity of the discal cell, one at its upper, the other at its lower angle; cilia unicolorous with the fore wings. Neuration, 4 and 5 closely approximate at the base ; 7 and 8 from a common stem, 8 ending above the apex ; 2and3 separate. Hind wings somewhat paler than the fore wings, with an indistinct darker line running along the base of the still paler cilia. Newration, 3 and 4 from the same point; 6 and 7 separate. Abdomen the same colour as the hind wings, but with about six transverse darker brown segmental bars, corresponding in colour with the three spots on the fore wings, and with a pale anal tuft. Kap. al. 40 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. 108 Lord Walsingham on Two specimens of this very remarkable large form of the genus Ypsolophus have reached me from Mr. J. M. Hutchinson. (PI. v., fig. 44.] Ypsolophus marmoratus, sp.n. Antenne annulated with fuscous and pale greyish ochreous. Palpi with a strong triangular tuft on the second joint; greyish fuscous, faintly speckled with ochreous; apical joint dull ochreous, with a fuscous ring before the apex. Head greyish fuscous, shghtly tinged with ochreous above and in front. Thorax dull ochreous, shaded with fuscous. Fore wings dull ochreous, mottled and shaded with fuscous; with an ill-defined fuscous spot on the disc about the middle; cilia dull ochreous; veins 2 and 3 stalked. Hind wings and cilia grey. Abdomen greyish fuscous. Legs obscurely mottled with greyish fuscous and pale ochreous. Exp. al. 12 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. Noturis, Hb. [Pl. v., fig. 46.] Nothris bryophilella, sp. n. Antenne dull white, faintly annulated with fuscous. Palpi with the second joint clothed with a long projecting tuft of loose hair- like scales beneath; white, a large black spot on the outer side of the second joint, a very small black spot at the base, and a black band around the middle of the slender apical joint. Head and Thorax dull white. Fore wings dull white, speckled and blotched with brown ; the basal third is irrorated with brown scales, a small fuscous spot near the costa towards the base; immediately beyond the basal third is a large reniform greyish fuscous spot, having the appearance of two roundish contiguous spots, the one reaching over the fold, the other, about the same size, above it; beyond this is a transverse ill-defined band of brown about the middle of the wing, starting from the costal but not attaining to the dorsal mar- gin, wider towards its upper end; this band is followed by another greyish fuscous rounded spot, larger than either of the other two, and lying on the erd of the cell; this spot is followed by another large brown patch, occupying the whole apical portion of the wing African Micro- Lepidoptera. 109 from the anal angle along the apical margin, but not quite reaching to the costal margin, where there are three fuscous spots, two small and one larger; a slender shining leaden grey line borders the wing, running from the anal angle along the extreme apical margin, and around the apex along the base of the costal cilia; cilia cinereous, with two darker lines, one along their base, the other along their outer edge. Hind wings pale leaden grey; cilia cinereous. Abdomen cinereous. Legs whitish, the posterior tibiz with long hairs above, the tarsi spotted with brownish fuscous. Hep. al. 13—14 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia); four specimens taken in November (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species bears a great resemblance in colour and markings to Bryophila perla and glandifera. MEGACRASPEDUS, Z. [Pl. v., fig. 47.] Megacraspedus suffusellus, sp. n. Antenne whitish cinereous. Palpi whitish, dusted with cinereous, especially on their outer sides along the lower edge of the long projecting tuft from the second joint. Head and Thorax whitish, dusted with cinereous. Fore wings whitish, dusted with cinereous, the darker dusting forming diffused and by no means distinct spot-like marks below the costa at the basal third, at the end of the cell, and on the fold; cilia dirty whitish, with a cinereous line along their middle, and another before their tips. Hind wings very pointed, with margin deeply excised below the apex; shining bone-white; cilia whitish cinereous. Abdomen cinereous, barred with dirty whitish. Legs whitish cinereous. Exp. al. 18 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species may possibly be only a local form of the European Megacraspedus imparellus, F. R., but it differs in the absence of distinct spots on the fore wings, and in its generally more dirty and suffused appearance. 110 Lord Walsingham on AnortHosiA, Clem. Anorthosia straminis, Wlsm. Ypsolophus straminis, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 266. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce) ; Delagoa Bay (Kast Africa), one specimen (Druce). This species only differs from Anorthosia punctiferella, Clem., the type of the genus, by having 11 veins in the fore wings (7 and 8 being coincident) instead of 12 veins, 7 and 8 from a common stem. In my former paper I had placed it in the genus Ysolophus, which has the same neuration as Anorthosia, but the form of the palpi agrees far more closely with the latter genus. The neural characters of Anorthosia, as figured in Stainton’s edition of Clemens’ papers (Tin. N. Am., p. 111), is not precisely correct; veins 3 and 4 of the hind wings should be separated at the base, and the discal cell of both wings is closed, as in other allied genera. (Elva titetoo El va io. S 44) Anorthosia fracticostella, sp. n. Antenne dirty whitish, annulated with brown. Palpi: second joint thickly clothed with projecting scales taking a triangular form; externally brown, fringed with whitish at its anterior edge, internally whitish throughout; apical joint very long, slender, erect, slightly recurved, whitish, springing from the apex of the trianguiar tuft of scales, not, as is usual in Ypsolophus, from the base; in this respect it agrees approximately with Anorthosia, Clem., rather than with Ypsolophus, in which I was at first inclined to place it, although differing somewhat from both in the form of the apical joint. Head and Thoraz paleolive-green. Fore wings with the costa slightly convex near the base, depressed beyond the middle, with a projection before the oblique depressed apex, which is rather obtusely pointed, the apical margin oblique and concave, anal angle obtuse, dorsal margin straight ; pale olive- green; a small brown streak along the extreme base of the costal margin, followed by a few brown scales on the convex part of the marvin near the basal third of the wing-length; a distinct dark brown narrow line-like spot along the extreme costal margin, scarcely beyond the middle, and a few brown scales in the cilia of the preapical costal projection; just before the middle of the wing African Micro-Lepidoptera. tt is a reduplicated brown spot, the upper portion of which is almost round; the lower portion is triangular, with the apex pointing out- wards ; at the lower angle on the foldis a roundish spot of a darker brown ; at the end of the cell is an obliquely-placed linear spot of dark brown scales; five small spots of the same colour are at the extreme edge along the apical margin, with three similar spots above the apex, between it and the costal projection; two similar spots also occur on the dorsal margin; cilia very pale greyish brown. Under side unicolorous pale brownish grey. Hind wings wider than the fore wings, the outer margin scarcely concave below the apex; pale greyish brown, with scarcely paler cilia. Under side unicolorous pale brownish grey. Abdomen pale greyish brown, inclining to ochreous posteriorly. Legs pale greyish ochreous. Hap. al. 15—16 mm. Hab. Accra (Gold Coast), five specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. The form of the palpi of this species is somewhat peculiar ; the second joint throws out a brush of hair- like scales on its upper side, with a few on its under side towards the apex; thus the joint itself passes through the brush, and gives off the apical joint at its apex, whereas in Nothris and Ypsolophus it is tufted beneath, and the apical joint is given off from the base of the tuft. The neuration agrees with that of Ypsolophus, but the excavated costal margin distinguishes it in appearance, and the peculiar palpi seem to justify its reception in the genus Anorthosia, Clem., which also possesses a slight depression on the costal margin. ANARSIA, Z. [Pl. v., fig. 48.] Anarsia agricola, sp. 0. Antenne annulated with hoary and fuscous. Palpr with a long triangular tuft projecting beneath the second joint; fuscous on the basal half, hoary beyond, each section clearly defined ; apical joint smooth, hoary, a ring near the base, and the whole outer half above fuscous, a pale spot on the outer half beneath. Head and Thorax hoary. Fore wings hoary; with a large triangular fuscous dorsal patch, sprinkled with hoary scales, extending beyond the middle of the dorsal margin, obtusely terminated below the costa ; above its apex is a small, and beyond it a larger elongate costal spot of the same colour, both tending obliquely outwards; the 112 Lord Walsingham on whole apical portion of the wing, above the anal angle and parallel with the apical margin, is shaded with fuscous scales and patches ; cilia greyish fuscous. Hind wings semitransparent, shining iron- grey, with aslight lilac iridescence ; cilia pale cinereous. Abdomen pale cinereous. Legs pale cinereous, the posterior tarsi shaded with fuscous, faintly pale spotted. Hap. al. 11 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), two specimens (Hutchinson). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. One of these specimens is a rather dark variety. I have a third variety much paler than the type, with less suffusion of dark scaling, and the dorsal patch more conspicuously contrasted with the pale ground colour, but it cannot be regarded as a separate species. Hap. al. 12 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. (Eloy. ona. Anarsia inculta, sp. n. Antenne annulated with hoary and greyish fuscous. Palpi with a large square tuft, or flattened brush, of projecting scales beneath the second joint; hoary, speckled and shaded externally with greyish fuscous; apical joint whitish, with a broad black band of scales around its middle. Thorax hoary, tegule tinged with greyish fuscous. Fore wings hoary, obliquely tinged with greyish fuscous, and some brownish scales at the base, narrowly on the costal, more widely on the dorsal margin; a triangular tawny fuscous patch occupies the middle of the costal margin, its apex reaching to the dorsal margin ; a chestnut-brown spot on the fold, intermixed with groups of raised blackish scales, forms its central portion ; the apical part of the wing is also shaded with tawny fuscous scales; cilia tawny fuscous, sprinkled with hoary scales, and becoming paler about the anal angle. Hind wings semi- transparent iridescent tawny grey ; ciliagrey. Abdomen iridescent tawny grey; anal tuft ochreous. Hap. al. 12—14 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), three specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ ?, Mus, Wlsm. African Micro-Lepidoptera. 113 XYLORYCTINA. Ipz, Chamb. [Pl. v., fig. 50.] Ide complanella, sp. n. Antenne ciliated in the J; grey. Palpi stone-grey, inclining to ochreous towards their apex. Head and Thorax greyish stone- colour. Fore wings greyish stone-colour, tinged with ochreous along the costal margin throughout their length; cilia shining silvery. Newration 12 veins; all separate; 16 furcate at base. Hind wings stone-grey, with pale shining cilia. Newration 8 veins; 6 and 7 from a common stem; 3 and 4 from a point; 16 furcate at base; 8 joined to upper margin of cell near base by a cross-vein. Abdomen greyish stone-colour. Legs pale stone-colour. Hzp. al. ~ 15—16 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. This species agrees with the North American forms in colour and structure, but the cilia are paler and the wings somewhat narrower, and even more like those of Tithosia than in others of this Lithosiform genus. Ide lithosina, Z: (the type of the genus), from the United States, is figured on Pl. VII., fig. 85. DEPRESSARIAN EH. DepressariaA, Hw. Bele Woe iy Gul, Depressaria inornatella, sp. n. Antenne cinereous, tinged with fuscous towards the base. Palpi pale cinereous, sprinkled with fuscous scales externally, and with an ill-defined fuscous band of scales before the apex of the second joint, and a smaller one near the base of the apical joint. Head cinereous; face shining whitish. Thorax tawny fuscous. Fore wings cinereous, much spotted, sprinkled, and suffused with tawny fuscous, without the indication of any characteristic pattern or marking, except a small patch of dark tawny fuscous scales at the extreme base of the dorsal margin, and a dark tawny fuscous elon- gate oblique spot lying above and beyond the outer and upper angle of the cell, but not reaching to the costal margin ; preceding and following this are two obscure costal spots of the same colour, and a smaller one lies obliquely between the preceding costal spot and the base of the elongate spot first mentioned; these, as well asa few other small costal and marginal spots, are very indistinct ; TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—PART I. (MARCH.) I 114 Lord Walsingham on there is also a faint indication of the usual dark spot on the end of the cell; cilia pale cinereous. Hind wings pale cinereous; cilia the same, with a faint paler line along their base. Abdomen tawny fuscous. Hap. al. 17 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. This species belongs to Section B of the genus, characterised by having veins 2 and 3 of the fore wings from a common stem. CiCOPHORIN A. CRYPTOLECHIA, Z. LEI, Saliieg chee, lo Cryptolechia straminella, Z. Caffraria, two specimens (Boheman, Zell. Coll.) ; Zulu- land, two specimens (the late Col. Harvey Tower) ; Cape Colony, one specimen (TJ'rimen). Cacocuroa, Hein. N. syn.= Tzrarorsis, Wism., Trans. Ent. Soe Lond., 1881, 259—60. The genus which I described as T'eratopsis must sink as a synonym of Cacochroa, since it is identical in struc- ture and neuration. Cacochroa tunicella, Wlsm. Teratopsis tunicella, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 260. Annshaw (Cape Colony), one specimen (Barrett). Ancuinia, HD. Anchinia drucella, Wlsm. Topeutis drucella, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 268—9. Malvern (Natal), one specimen ( Bowker). I am induced to transfer this species to the genus Anchinia, on the ground of the form of the labial palpi, the neuration also agreeing with that of the type. African Micro-Lepidoptera. 115 Puitopota, Meyr. [ed Aven alee, He | Philobota virgo, sp. n. Antenne with a distinct pecten on basal joint; strongly pube- scent; white. Palpi very long and slender, recurved ; white, with a slight greyish tinge. Head white, with a slight greyish tinge. Thorax white, slightly tinged with grey anteriorly. Fore wings with rather straight costa, rounded apex, and oblique apical margin ; pure shining white, cilia shining white. Under side grey, cilia white. Hind wings whitish grey, with an indistinct greyish line along the base of the white cilia. Under side the same colour as on the upper side, but with no line along the cilia. Abdomen grey. Legs: the anterior pair with the femora and tibie shaded with fuscous, the others white. Exp. al. 29 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species differs from Crytolechia straminella, Z., in possessing a distinct pecten on the basal joint of the antenne, and consequently falls into Philobota, Meyr. Psecapira, Hb. Psecadia sabiella, F. & R. Psecadia? sabiella, F. & R., Reise Nov. Lp., Pl.CXX XIX., 30 (1875). (Ecophora? sabiella, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, 270-—1. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce) ; Kstcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson); Delagoa Bay (Kast Africa), two specimens (Druce). Psecadia circumdatella, Wkr. Grahamstown (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce). Psecadia livida, Z. Delagoa Bay (East Africa), one specimen (Druce) ; Accra (Gold Coast), one specimen (Carter). In my previous paper (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p- 249), through the printer having omitted to space this species from the preceding, it would appear that I re- garded this as a synonym of circumdatella. This printer’s error is unfortunate, as they are abundantly distinct. 12 116 Lord Walsingham on Psecadia oculigera, Mschl., Ver. Z.-b. Ges. Wien., XXXIIT., 309, Pl. XVI., 25. (1883). Caffraria ; Grahamstown (Cape Colony), one specimen (Druce) ; Accra (Gold Coast), two specimens (Carter). CNEMIDOLOPHUS, Wlsm. Cnemidolophus lavernellus, Wlsm. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). GLYPHIPTERYGINA. GLyPHIPTERYX, Hb. [Pl. v., fig. 53.) Glyphipteryx grapholithoides, sp.n. Antenne fuscous. Palpi and Haustellum pale ochreous. Head smooth; bronzy fuscous. Thorax bronzy fuscous. Fore wings bronzy fuscous, with a conspicuous whitish ochreous transverse fascia at one-fourth of the wing-length, outwardly angulated in the middle, and attenuated towards the costal and dorsal margins ; beyond it are seven slender costal streaks, the first five or six out- wardly oblique, all are pale ochreous at their costal extremity, the second, fourth, fifth, and sixth with steel-grey metallic termi- nations ; a coppery metallic upright streak above the anal angle indicates the position of what in the genus Grapholitha would be the ocelloid patch ; above and beyond the upper end of this is a small coppery metallic spot, opposite to the slight subapical in- dentation of the outer margin; rather beyond the middle of the dorsal margin is a group of small whitish ochreous spots and scales, reaching as far as the lower extremities of the costal streak- lets; cilia whitish, tipped with brown. Under side pale bronzy brownish, with four pale ochreous costal spots before the apex. Hind wings brownish fuscous, with scarcely paler cilia. Under side pale bronzy brownish, slightly paler than in the fore wings, with a pale ochreous costal spot, rather larger than those in the fore wings, immediately before the apex. Abdomen bronzy fuscous. Legs bronzy fuscous; the posterior pair with whitish ochreous spurs and three pale spots on the tarsal joints. Exp. al. 10 mm. Hab. Kstcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species approaches those of the South American genus Ussara, Wkr., in appearance, but [ am unable to distinguish it from Glyphipteryx. It is very nearly African Micro-Lepidoptera. IY allied to Gelechia gemmatella, Wkyr., from Sierra Leone [Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M., XXX., 1022. (1864)], but Walker’s species has the pale basal band much wider, especially on the dorsal margin ; it has also distinct whitish streaks on the sides of the abdomen, and a larger proportion of yellow streaks and spots on the costal and median por- tions of the wing. It is possible that an extended series of specimens might connect these two forms as varieties of one species. LAVERNIN A. Laverna, Crt. [Pl]. v., fig. 54.] Laverna gambiella, sp. n. Antenne annulated with whitish ochreous and brownish fuscous. Palpi whitish ochreous, touched with brownish on the outer side of the second joint, at the base and near the apex; apical joint two- thirds as long as the second, biannulated with fuscous. Head and face whitish ochreous. Thorax umber-brown. Fore wings pale whitish ochreous; with a distinct outwardly oblique basal patch, wider on the dorsal than on the costal margin, shaded with grey except on its outer third, where it is rich umber-brown; about the middle of the wing is a broad transverse band, of which the middle portion is pale tinged with greyish, the margins being clothed with rich umber-brown scaling, the inner margin outwardly oblique from the costa, the dark scaling rather scattered and diffused, the outer margin strongly angulated inwards at the middle, and with much thicker and closer dark scaling, which extends around the » anal angle to the apex, leaving a quadrangular cream-white costal patch above it, extending inwards to one-third from the apex; cilia dark brownish grey. Hind wings pale greyish near the base, tinged with brownish beyond; cilia pale brownish grey. Abdomen subochreous. Legs whitish ochreous, barred and spotted with umber-brown. Hap. al. 10—12 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), five specimens taken among mallow in November and December (Carter) ; Gambia, nine specimens (Druce). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. [Pl vir, figsb5s) Laverna quinquecristata, sp. un. Antenne, basal joint somewhat enlarged; brown, spotted with ochreous towards their outer ends. Palpi very long, overarching the vertex, apical joint as long as the second ; pale ochreous, barred 118 Lord Walsingham on with brown at the base and near the apex of the second joint, and above the base and before the apex of the apical joint. Head smooth; pale ochreous. Thorax blackish, with two longitudinal ochreous lines, one each side of the middle. Fore wings narrow, tapering outwards from near the base, the costa slightly convex before the middle; coloured with an almost equal admixture of pale ochreous and brown scales; with five distinct raised pale ochreous, smooth, shining tufts, two near the costal and three near the dorsal margin; the outer of the three dorsal tufts is scarcely beyond the half of the wing-length, and the two costal tufts are opposite the spaces between the dorsal ones; there is a slight indication of a few raised scales beyond the third dorsal tuft, but in the specimen before me these do not form a tuft; cilia pale brownish fuscous. Hind wings grey ; cilia pale brownish fuscous. Abdomen brown. Legs brown, spotted with pale ochreous. Exp. al, 22 mm. Hab. Estcourt ((Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. StacmMatopHora, H.-S. (elle sales, otras a] Stagmatophora fasciata, sp. n. Antenne fuscous, annulated with white, and with white longi- tudinal streaks on the fuscous basaljoint. Palpi cream-white, the apical joint dusted with fuscous. Head yellow; face white. Thorax purplish fuscous. Fore wings cream-white, with a basal patch, a broad central fascia and the apex all purplish fuscous, the edges of these markings being tolerably straight, except the inner edge of the central fascia, which is curved outwards, and the inner edge of the apical shade, which extends inwards somewhat along the dorsal margin; cilia pale purplish fuscous, paler at the anal angle. Hind wings pale grey; cilia pale purplish. Abdomen greyish fuscous. Legs cream white, broadly barred with purplish fuscous. Hxp. al. 9 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), four specimens taken from November to December, attached to a species of mallow (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. African Micro-Lepidoptera. 119 [lel Valo Ime, S76] Stagmatophora distincta, sp. n. Antenne with the elongate basal joint white, a distinct brown spot above beyond its middle, thence entirely white beneath, above alternately spotted and banded to the middle, and banded beyond the middle with brown, the apical joints brown. Palpi very slender, recurved, divergent; white touched with brown, especially at the ends of the second and apical joints. Head white. Thorax stout, brown, fringed with whitish hairs posteriorly. Fore wings brown, with a broad, slightly oblique, shining white fascia near the base; two shining white lunate spots beyond the middle, one costal, the other dorsal and slightly further removed from the -base; a third larger lunate costo-apical spot reaching to the apical cilia ; cilia greyish brown. Hind wings shining grey at the base, merging into brown beyond it; cilia brownish grey. Abdomen white, with two brown spots at the base; the first large, the other small; a row of three large brown spots along each side, and two brown bands across the two penultimate segments; anal tuft whitish. Legs white, banded with brown. Hap. al. 11 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. The only respect in which this species differs from the typical forms of this genus is in its somewhat wider wings (both fore and hind wings), of which, however, the general pattern of neuration appears to be the same. PYRODERCES, 7. [Pl. vi., fig. 58.] Pyroderces simplex, sp. n. Antenne whitish fawn-colour, spotted with brownish fuscous above. Palpi divergent, recurved, slender; pale fawn-colour, apical joint slightly longer than the second, touched with fuscous above the middle and before its apex. Haustellwm long, clothed with shining white scales throughout. Head fawn-colour ; face slightly paler. Thorax fawn-colour, paler posteriorly ; with a shining metallic iridescence on the under side. Fore wings fawn- colour, with a slender outwardly curved transverse whitish streak at one-fourth from the base, preceded by some fuscous scales, which tend to form a basal patch ; some shining whitish scales with a lilac iridescence are continued from its lower end, along the dorsal margin to the base, and extend also outwardly along the dorsal margin ; on the dorsal margin at about half the wing-length is a 120 Lord Walsingham on small, outwardly oblique, spot of fuscous scales; at the extreme apex is a dark fuscous spot preceded by a few scattered paler fuscous scales, which are also to be found along the base of the cilia ; cilia fawn-colour, inclining to greyish fawn about the anal angle. Hind wings grey, with fawn-grey cilia. Abdomen cinereous. Legs pale fawn, inconspicuously banded with darker fawn. Hap. al. 9—11 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia) ; two specimens, one bred from a mine in a species of mallow in November, the other taken on the wing in the same month (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. StatHMmopopa, Stn. [Pl. vi., fig. :59.] Stathmopoda maculata, sp. n. Antenne pale fawn. Palpi whitish, apical joint slightly tinged with fawn above. Head pale fawn above; face whitish. Thorax stout ; cream-white, except on its extreme anterior margin, which is fawn-colour. Fore wings creamy-white, the costal margin narrowly shaded throughout with fawn-brown ; a triangular fawn- brown basal patch, of which the apex reaches the dorsal margin ; a transverse fascia in the middle, wider on the costal than on the dorsal margin, and a transverse shade occupying the whole apical fourth of the wing (except the extreme apex, which is slightly paler), of which the inner edge is outwardly oblique from the costa to the dorsal margin; all deep fawn-brown, with a very slight purplish hue; cilia pale brownish ochreous. Hind wings pale fawn-grey, with pale brownish ochreous cilia. Abdomen fawn- brown. Legs pale fawn-colour, with deep fawn-brown tufts and tarsal spots. Hap. al. 18—20 mm. Hab. Gambia, two specimens (Druce). Type, d 2, Mus. Wlsm. This species has a very distinct appearance despite the general similarity of colouring in S. crassella. ‘The thorax 1s also equally stout, but the ground colour of the fore wings is much paler, and so distinctly mapped out into two elongate patches, enclosed on three sides by the dark fawn-brown transverse shades, as to destroy the somewhat suffused effect. It is also larger, and the sub- apical shade does not point inwards but outwards from the costa. Both crassella and maculata approach Stath- African Micro-Lepidoptera. 121 mopoda pedella, L., but they are much more robust, owing to their wider thorax. Pl. vi., fig. 60.) Stathmopoda crassella, sp. n. Antenne strongly ciliated on their inner side; pale fawn. Palpzr very slender, divergent, recurved ; second joint whitish, apical joint fawn-colour. Hauwstellum white. Head pale fawn above; face shining white. Thorax very stout; fawn-colour; shining white beneath. Fore wings fawn-colour, with the extreme costal margin very narrowly tinged with purplish fuscous; a transverse streak very near the base ; an oblique transverse shade before the middle, tending outwards towards the dorsal margin, and an oblique trans- verse shade, at one-fourth from the apex, tending inwards towards the dorsal margin; all purplish fuscous; cilia pale brownish ochreous. Hind wings pale fawn-grey, with pale brownish ochreous cilia. Abdomen pale fawn-grey ; shining white beneath. Legs pale fawn, with purplish fuscous tufts at the joints and spurs ; shining white beneath. Hp. al. 11—14 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), five specimens taken at light in November and December (Carter) ; Gambia, five specimens (Druce). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. EL, Woy 1, Gilol Stathmopoda divisa, sp. n. Antenne pale greyish brown. Palpi whitish, tinged with greyish brown on the upper side of the apical joint. Head dark greyish brown above; face white. Thorax stout; yellow. Fore wings yellow to more than one-third of their length; with two small greyish brown costal spots, one at the extreme base very small, the second small, immediately beyond it near the base; a greyish brown shade with straight inner margin occupies the whole outer portion of the wing from before the middle, the yellow ground colour showing only in small ill-defined longitudinal streaks or spots beyond the middle; cilia pale greyish brown. Hind wings and cilia pale greyish brown. Abdomen greyish brown. Legs very pale greyish brown. LHzp. al. 10 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. This species has much the pattern and colouring of a Lozostoma, but it is apparently a true Stathmopoda ; it 122 Lord Walsingham on is closely allied to Gelechia auriferella, Wkr., from Sierra Leone [Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M., XXX., 1022. (1864) ], which differs from it only in having a pale yellow band ex- tending across the wing beyond the middle. ‘The colouring is much the same in both species, although the darker shades are described by Walker as “‘cupreous,” which, perhaps, fairly describes what I have called ‘‘ syeyish brown.” BUTALIN A. Butauis, 7'r. Butalis chlorema, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond , 1887, 279. Grahamstown (Cape Colony). (eM Ayalon, 1aleg,. (745) Butalis subeburnea, sp. 0. Antenne dirty cream-colour at the base, shading to brownish beyond. Palpi dirty cream-colour, slightly shaded with brownish grey. Head dirty cream-colour. Thorax dull cream-colour. Fore wings dirty cream-colour, faintly shaded along the costal and dorsal portions, the central part of the wing throughout its length inclining to ivory-white ; cilia the same colour as the wings, with a faint brownish tinge about the anal angle. Hind wings shining leaden grey; cilia very pale brownish cream-colour. Abdomen grey, the anal segments creamy. Legs pale. Hap. al. 15— 17 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens taken at light in November (Carter); Gambia, one specimen (Druce). Type, 2, Mus. Wlsm. Buastosasis, Z. [Pl. vi., fig. 63.] Blastobasis irroratella, sp. n. Antenne pale greyish brown; the basal joint fringed below and of the same colour as the face. Palpi, apical joint one-third the length of the second, greyish brown; second joint greyish brown, with the apex hoary. Head and face hoary, profusely sprinkled with greyish brown scales. Thorax and tegule hoary, profusely sprinkled with greyish brown. Fore wings hoary whitish, profusely sprinkled with greyish brown scales, which are indistinctly grouped inan outwardly oblique dorsal streak before the middle, an elongate African Micro-Lepidoptera. 123 spot on the middle of the disc, and a rounder spot beyond the end of the cell; cilia hoary, very sparsely sprinkled with pale greyish brown. Hind wings pale brownish grey; cilia pale cinereous. Abdomen and legs pale cinereous. Hap. al. 138 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen, November (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. (EpEemaTopopa, Z. (Hdematopoda princeps, Z. Delagoa Bay (Kast Africa), two specimens (Druce). ERETMOcERA, Z. Hretmocera fuscipennis, Z. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Eretmocera carteri, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ISSO 2 Sear epViles dele Bathurst (Gambia), three specimens (Carter). Eretmocera derogatella, Wkyr. Zanzibar (Hast Africa), two specimens (Jackson). Eretmocera dorsistrigata, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, 29, Pl. VI., 13. Zanzibar (Hast Africa), two specimens (Jackson). Eretmocera miniata, W1sm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, 30—1, Pl. VI., 15. Zanzibar (East Africa), two specimens (Jackson). Eretmocera scatospila, Z. Bathurst (Gambia), seventeen specimens, August (Carter) ; Accra (Gold Coast), one specimen (Carter). Hretmocera basistrigata, Wlsm., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, 32—8, Pl. V. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). 124 Lord Walsingham on Hretmocera letissima, Z. Caffraria, two specimens (Boheman, Zell. Coll.) ; Bath- urst (Gambia), seventeen specimens, October—November (Carter). COSMOPTERYGINZ. Cosmopteryx, Hb. [Pl. vi., fig. 64.] Cosmopteryx cognita, sp. n. Antenne brouzy brown, the elongate basal joint paler beneath, the five apical joints are white, the next four or five dark bronzy, preceded by a wide, once interrupted, white band. Palpi bronzy. Head bronzy; face metallic steel-grey. Thorax brouzy. Fore wings bronzy brown, with a slightly oblique brassy metallic band at half their length, preceding the usual orange fascia; half-way between this band and the base are three silvery streaklets, the upper one oblique from the costa, the middle one above the fold, very short, commencing opposite the apex of the upper one, and reaching about half the length of the lower one, which is stouter and lying below the fold, it commences opposite the base of the middle one and projects beyond it; the orange fascia is margined exter- nally by a very oblique brassy metallic band running inwards from the costal to the dorsal margin, and is separated from it, as from the similar band which precedes it, by a few blackish scales; there is a conspicuous white streak in the costal cilia at the upper end of the outer metallic band and the apical portion of the wing, which is bronzy brown, contains a single small brassy spot at the apex, and a tiny white streak at the extreme end of the apical cilia; cilia bronzy brown. Under side neous, the costal and terminal white streaks alone visible. Hind wings and cilia pale greyish brown. Under side eneous. Abdomen brown. Legs: posterior tibiz and tarsi bronzy brown, banded and spotted with white. Exp. al. 12 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. The only species of Cosmopteryx hitherto recorded from South Africa is an undescribed species noticed by Stainton (Knt. Week. Int., [X., 32 (1860)). African Micro- Lepidoptera. 125 BATRACHEDRIN A. ZARATHRA, Whr. (Pl. vi. fig. 65.] Zarathra muricicoma, sp. n. Antenne considerably longer than the fore wings; steel-grey ; basal joint slightly enlarged, orange ochreous. Labial palpi long, slender, divergent, recurved ; apical joint longer than second, both smooth; shining ochreous. Mavillary palpi short, distinct, white. Hawustellum rather long. [Walker writes of Zarathra ‘ proboscis nulla,” but his specimens of Zarathra pterodactyla have long tongues.| Head posteriorly shining metallic steel-white, above and in front brilliant purple. Thorax brownish purple. Fore wings very narrow, elongate, brownish purple; with a slender shining steel-white streak along the costal margin before the costal cilia ; another almost parallel below it ; a conspicuous white spot near the base of the dorsal margin, above which the costal portion of the wing is bright purple; another conspicuous semicircular white spot on the middle of the dorsal margin, above which is a nearly obsolete small whitish costal spot; dorsal cilia with a greenish iridescent hue. Hind wings elongate, very narrow, sharply pointed, purplish grey; cilia very long, purplish brown, in some lights with a greenish hue. Abdomen shining, iridescent, purplish grey above, with white patches at the sides and beneath, anal segment white. Legs [missing.| ap. al. 113 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. GRACILARIAN A. GRACILARIA, Hw. (eva. es OG. Gracilaria punctulata, sp.n. Antenne white beneath, distinctly spotted with brown above. Palpi whitish at the base and apex, shaded with umber-brown at the sides and around the middle. Head white, with a shining umber-brown bar across the front. Thorax whitish. Fore wings bone-white, delicately shaded with pale reddish brown along the middle, on and above the fold, this colour becoming more intense about the apex of the wing; on the extreme costa near the base are three or four minute brownish dots ; a dark brown spot on the disc, about the middle of the wing, is followed by another nearer to the costal cilia ; there is an indication of a third similar spot in 126 Lord Walsingham on the darker portion of the wing; there are also a few brown scales on the middle of the fold; cilia bone-white, tinged with reddish brown. Hind wings grey; cilia very pale reddish brown. Legs white, tinged with brown, apparently unspotted. Hzp. al. 8 mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, ?, Mus. Wlsm. (Eavicti ce Gal Gracilaria apicistrigata, sp. 0. Antenne longer than the fore wings; white. Labial palpi drooping, divergent, longer than the head; white. Mazillary palpi conspicuously projected; white, tipped with brown. Head shining white ; face very oblique, shining white. Thorax shining white; tegule brown. Sore wings shining white along the dorsal third, brown on the costal two-thirds; the edge of the white dorsal band clearly defined, throwing two obtusely angulated projections into the brown space above it, one before, the other about the anal angle, between which the brown colour nearly reaches the dorsal margin ; a blackish elongate dash below the costa, before the apex, contains two or three detached white scales; and at the extreme apex in the middle of the apical cilia an upright short black streak is preceded by a whitish costal spot; cilia at the apex greyish, below it shining white, at and before the anal angle greyish. Hind wings and cilia pale brownish grey. Abdomen grey. Legs greyish, spotted with white on the posterior tarsal joints. Hzxp. al. 7 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. [Pl. vi., fig. 68.] Gracilaria bifasciata, sp. n. Antenne pale brown, the basal joint white. Palpi white. Head and face white. Thorax whitish, slightly tinged with pale brownish anteriorly. Fore wings pale brown, with two broad white fascie, the one before, the other immediately beyond the middle, both dilated to the dorsal margin, the first evenly, the second on the outer side only; beyond the second fascia is a conspicuous tri- angular white costal spot, preceded by a much smaller one, and followed by the white apical cilia, in which are two brownish fuscous streaklets, one at the base and one in the middle, meeting towards the anal angle, and giving a caudate appearance to the African Micro-Lepidoptera. 127 wing; all the white markings are delicately margined before and behind with lines of brownish fuscous scales; cilia at the anal angle pale greyish fuscous. Hind wings pale greyish fuscous ; cilia the same. Abdomen greyish brown. Legs white, banded and spotted with brownish fuscous; tarsal spurs white, with a brownish fuscous spot on each. Exp. al. 7 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia); one specimen bred from mines in a species of mallow, November (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. This species belongs to the scalariella group. LYONETIANZ. MICcROTHAUMA, gen. n. (uixpos = little, 6avux = marvel.) Type. Microthauma metallifera, Wlsm. (Pl. vii. fig. 87.] Antenne with basaljoint enlarged and clothed with a conspicuous eye-cap. Labial palpr drooping. Mazillary palpi obsolete. Haustellum present. Head tufted; face smooth. Fore wings moderately broad, acuminate. Newration 8 veins; 1 forked at base; 2 from near angle of cell; 4 from the cross-vein closing cell; 5 and 6 from a common stem; 7 from beyond middle of cell to costa; 8 to costa before middle. Hind wings narrow, elongate, acuminate, tapering from base outwards. Newration 4 veins; 3 and 4 from subcostal vein, 4 to apex; cell open. This genus differs from Opostega in neuration, as well as in the more developed drooping labial palpi. (Pl. vi. fig. 69.] Microthauma metallifera, sp. n. Antenne and eye-caps white. Palpi short, depressed ; whitish. Head white, tufted above; face smooth. Thorax white. Fore wings shining white ; a small indistinct spot of bronzy scales, mixed with golden yellow, on the costa before the middle, has an outwardly oblique inner margin pointing towards the apex of an also outwardly oblique bronzy metallic dorsal streak slightly beyond it, which is connected with a bright patch of golden yellow metallic scales, blending into bronzy brown at their outer and lower extremity; this patch occupies about the middle of the dorsal margin; before it, much nearer to the base, is a smaller spot of dark bronzy brown metallic scales; on the costa beyond 128 Lord Walsingham on the middle are two very slender oblique and rather indistinct brownish lines pointing towards a bright golden metallic spot on the middle of the outer margin below the apex; above this outer spot is a slender very oblique brownish streak in the costal cilia, depressed at the apex, and giving the wing a distinctly caudate appearance ; cilia white, tipped with brownish above the apical streak. Hind wings shining white ; ciliawhite. Abdomen shining white. Legs white; the posterior tarsal joints faintly spotted with brownish. Hap. al. 7mm. Hab. Estcourt (Natal), one specimen (Hutchinson). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. NEPTICULINA. Licmocera, gen. n. (Amos = & wWinnowing fan, xépas—= a horn.) Type. Licmocera lyonetiella, Wlsm. [Pl. vii., fig. 88.] Antenne as long as the fore wings, simple; the basal joint much developed and clothed with a wide eye-cap. Ocelli obsolete. Mazillary palpi distinct, small, drooping. Labial palpi strongly divergent, slender, recurved, acuminate, evenly clothed throughout with smooth scales; apical joint slightly exceeding the second joint in length. Hawstellwm rather short, naked. Head and face smooth. Fore wings narrow, elongate, gently tapering to an acute apex, which is not depressed. Newration 10 veins; 6 and 7 from a common stem, 6 to apex; 3 and 4 approximate at their bases; 1 simple at its base. Hind wings elongate, acuminate, evenly attenuated from base, dorsal margin slightly convex, cilia very long. Newration 6 veins; 3 and 4 from a point, as are also 5 and 6; cell closed; 2 from before outer third of cell. Abdomen slender, two-thirds the length of the fore wings. Legs slender, posterior tibiz clothed above with short hair-like scales. elvis tie 05] Licmocera lyonetiella, sp. n. Antenne whitish, tinged with ochreous ; with the basal joint widened into an eye-cap, shining white. Labial palpi slender, diverging, long and recurved, white. Mazillary palpi meeting over the short tongue; white. Head and face lustrous white. Thorax white. Fore wings narrow, elongate, acute, white; with a group of scattered scales before the middle, two dorsal and one African Micro- Lepidoptera. 129 costal spot fawn-brown, also afew fawn-brown scales near the base of the dorsal margin ; the dorso-marginal spots are elongate, semi- ovate, the first immediately before the middle, the second at one- fourth from the apex, above and scarcely before this is the smaller oblique costal spot, rather darker in colour than the others; at the extreme apex is a round shining metallic silvery spot, preceded by two or three brownish scales in the base of the white costal cilia ; cilia at the apex white, at the anal angle brownish grey. Hind wings elongate, evenly attenuated from the base, the dorsal margin slightly convex, together with the cilia pale brownish grey. Abdo- men narrow, acute, pale, shining brassy yellowish above, whitish at the sides and beneath. Legs white. Hzp. al. 11mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), three specimens (Carter). Type, ¢ 2, Mus. Wlsm. OXYMACHERIS, gen.n. (ogds = sharp, uaxaipa = knife.) Type, Sd. Oxymacheris niveocervina, Wlsm. (EIS vane tice 893] Antenne simple, about two-thirds the length of the fore wings ; basal joint somewhat enlarged. Labial palpi slender, drooping, the apical joint as long as the second. Mazillary palpi con- spicuous, drooping. Hauwstellwm moderate. Ocelli obsolete. Fore wings lanceolate, acute, the costal and dorsal margins about equally convex. Newration 8 veins; 5 and 6 from a common stem, enclosing the apex; the rest separate; 1 simple. Hind wings lanceolate, acute, the costal and dorsal margins about equally con- vex. Newration 5 veins; 1,2and5simple; 3and4 stalked. Legs: posterior tibiz thinly hairy. (LPN Nils, waters 7/ate] Oxymacheris niveocervina, sp. n. Antenne pale fawn-colour. Palpi pale fawn-colour. Head and face white. Thorax white at the sides, yellowish fawn above. Fore wings bright yellowish fawn, with a richer more brownish tinge above the anal angle; a snow-white triangular patch on the middle of the base does not quite reach the costal or dorsal mar- gins; a broad snow-white fascia runs obliquely inwards from the middle of the costal to before the middle of the dorsal margin, its TRANS, ENT, 80C. LOND, 1891.--PART I. (MARCH.) K 130 Lord Walsingham on inner edge scarcely sinuate, its outer edge slightly irregular, with a projection on the fold, between two brownish fawn spots, not detached from the bright fawn portion of the wing beyond it; the white fascia is also projected narrowly along the costal margin to the apex; the costal cilia tipped with fawn-yellow; the cilia on the apical margin wholly fawn-yellow. Hind wings and cilia very pale fawn. Abdomen and legs pale fawn. Hzp. al. 12 mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), one specimen (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. Oxymacheris ? zulella, Wlsm. Tuthocolletis zulella, Wlsm. I have no longer access to the type of this species, which is in the Cape Town Museum; but, from my recollection of the shape of the hind wings, and from the figure, I am inclined to believe that it belongs to Oxy- macreris rather than to Lithocolletis. MIicRoposTEGA, gen. n. (uinpos — little; Opostega (nom. gen). Type. Micropostega eneofasciata, Wl1sm. [Pl. vii., fig. 90.] Antenne as long as the fore wings, simple; basal joint enlarged and clothed with a well-developed eye-cap. Mazillary palpi short, drooping. Labial palpi also drooping, cylindrical. Head much flattened, with a strong radiating frontal crest; face smooth. Fore wings rather wide, somewhat dilated from the base outwards, the costal margin slightly indented before the apex, apex rounded, cilia long. Newration 5 veins; discal cell open; 2 and 3 from a common stem, as also 3and 4. Hind wings very narrow, elon- gate, acuminate, evenly attenuated throughout, cilia long. Neuwra- tion with vein 1 near the base, and a single median vein forked at the apex. Abdomen flattened. Legs strongly tufted above. This genus differs from Opostega in neuration, as well as in the flattened and highly crested head, and in the somewhat less developed eye-cap. ELS aval ite sain Micropostega eneofasciata, sp.n. Antenne white; eye-caps shining snow-white. Head rough above, white; face smooth, shining, snow-white. Thorax white. Fore wings white; a broad shining metallic brassy fascia, wider African Micro-Lepidoptera. 131 on the dorsal than on the costal margin, takes a slightly oblique direction outwards and upwards, its edges straight and clearly defined, the outer edge reaching the costa before the middle; beyond it is a very oblique shining brassy costal streaklet, ending in silvery metallic scales; beyond this again isa slender brownish fuscous streaklet in the costal cilia, running to the apex, whence it is slightly depressed and curved in the apical cilia, having below it at the apex a small brownish fuscous spot; a large shining silvery metallic spot lies at the anal angle; cilia white. Hind wings “shining white; cilia white. Abdomen shining white. Legs white. Exp. al.6mm. Hab. Bathurst (Gambia), two specimens (Carter). Type, ¢, Mus. Wlsm. CORRECTION. Since the first part of this paper has gone to press, I find that I have overlooked two species described by Mr. P. C. T. Snellen :— Dicuenia, Gn. PPliies fest.) Dichelia albardana, Snell. Tortriz (Dichelia) albardana, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent., XV., 108—9, Pl. VIII., 10. (1872). Lower Guinea. I have re-described this species as Conchylis tricolor (ante, pp. 69—70), having mistaken vein 8 of the fore wings for vein 2. It is not a Conchylis, and is probably rightly referred to the genus Dichelia, though the stalk to veins 7 and 8 of the fore wings is shorter than in the typical species. Argyrotoxa viridis, Wlsm., though resembling this species in appearance, has these veins separate, though somewhat approximate at their bases. SeRicoris, 7'r. Sericoris improbana, Snell. Grapholitha (Sericoris) improbana, Snell., Tijd. v. Ent., OVe09== 105 Pile Valiie, 1 872) s xexyen 234) (1882). Lower Guinea. K 2 132 African Micro-Lepidoptera, EXPLANATION OF Puares III., IV., V., VI. & VII. PLATE III. See Explanation facing Pl. III. PLATE IV. See Explanation facing Pl. IV. PLATE V. See Explanation facing Pl. V. PLATE VI. See Explanation facing Pl. VI. PLATE VII. See Explanation facing Pl. VII. ( 183 IV. New species of moths from Southern India. By Colonel CuarLtes Swinuor, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e. |Read November 5th, 1890. | Puate VIII. BOMBYCKES. SYNTOMIDA. 1. Tascia gana, n.sp. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 12). 3d. Antenne, head, eyes, thorax, and both wings, black; antenne bipectinated, branches below the shaft short and thick ; top of head thickly covered with glistening blue-green scales, a few also on the shaft of the antenne, a thin crimson line behind the head, followed by two thin lines of blue-green scales, a few similar scales scattered thinly over the thorax and fore wings, thickest on the costal and outer portions. Fore wing fairly clothed, thinly clothed within the cell, and with a semidiaphanous suffused streak in the basal half of the interspace below the cell; a large white semidiaphanous spot at the end of the cell, like a half-moon, with the circle inwards and the ends rounded. Hind wings paler, dull black, semidiaphanous, darkest on the costal border; abdomen with a blackish brown band at the base, followed by a broader golden band, a blackish brown band, and a golden band with brown anal tip, the last three bands of equal width; a brilliant band of crimson hairs on each side of the abdomen, from the top of the first golden band to the tip. Under side dull pale blackish brown, pectus crimson, legs blackish brown. Body as above, but with the golden bands reddish. Expanse of wings, 1 in. Ganjam, October, 1887 (Hampson). Easily distinguishable from all other Indian species of this genus by its beautifully coloured and banded abdomen. 2. Syntomis magna, n.sp. (Pl. VIII., fig. 1). 3. Above and below of a uniform deep black; shaft of the antenne broadly pure white near the tips. Fore wing with three TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—PaRT I. (MARCH.) 134 Colonel C. Swinhoe’s new species of bands of diaphanous spots; 1st subbasal, a single small spot; 2nd medial, composed of two spots divided by the median vein, the lower one the larger and rounded below; 8rd discal, composed of three longitudinal spots of equal size, with rounded ends. Hind wing with basal and discal hyaline bands of spots divided into three portions by the veins, the lowest much the smallest. Abdo- men tinged with green, with basal and medial orange bands, the former only on the upper side, the latter encircling the abdomen. Expanse of wings, 17, in. North Kanara, August, 1886 (Wise). Allied to nothing I know of. 3. Syntomis lydia, n.sp. (Pl. VIII, fig. 7). 3o ¢. Antenne pectinated with very short hairs in the J, simple in the 9; antenne, head, and body blackish brown; tips of the antenne in the female white. Abdomen witha basal ochreous band above. Wings nearly all hyaline. Fore wing with the base and the costal band limited by the subcostal vein, brown; veins and markings of same colour, a patch at end of cell, a thickening where the 1st median branch is emitted, a broadish apical patch, and another towards the hinder margin, connected by a marginal line. Hind wing with the costa brown, and with an apical patch. Below, body and legs brown; abdomen of the female yellowish towards the anal portion. Expanse of wings, f $, 2 7, im. Nilgiri Hills, 8500 ft., October, 1887 (Hampson). Allied to S. aperiens, Walker, which also occurs in the Nilgiris ; is more hyaline, the bands smaller, and there is no connecting band between the patch at the end of the cell and the apical patch on fore wings. 4. Syntomis mota, u.sp. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 2). @. Antenne simple; antenne, head, and body black, a white space on antenne towards the tips, collar golden yellow, and two bands of same colour on abdomen, basal and post-medial (on the fifth segment). Wings mostly hyaline; veins and patches black, base black, costal line limited by subcostal vein, and also the hinder border black ; median vein and first median branch thick, thickest where the branch is emitted; a bottle-shaped patch at the end of the cell, with its neck running half-way up the 2nd disco- cellular interspace; an apical patch and a very large patch, square on its inner side, near the hinder angle, connected with the bottle- moths from Southern India. 135 shaped patch by the thickened veins, and to the apical patch by the black cilia, fining down at the angle, and running into the black hinder margin. Hind wing with the outer half black, and with a thick costal black margin to the hyaline portion, which is divided into two by the prominent black median vein. Under side: body and legs black; thorax with two large golden yellow spots on each side; abdomen with the lower golden band only; hind legs with whitish on the tarsi. Expanse of wings, 1} in. Nilgiri Hills, 3500 ft., August, 1887 (Hampson). Allied to S. libera, Walker, from Burma, differs chiefly in having the hyaline portion of the hind wings divided into two portions only, whereas in S. libera it is divided into three; and it is a much larger insect. LITHOSIIDA. 5. Barsine chromatica, n. sp. 36 @. Antenne, body, and fore wings chrome-yellow, eyes black, thorax with a black spot on each shoulder, and two central. Fore wing with a black basal spot on costa, a subbasal black spot in the wing, a blackish brown spot at the end of the cell, anda broad band of the same colour, pale and suffused, running through- out the wing, formed by two transverse outwardly curved bands, one before the middle and the other discal, joined in the centre, and with the outer band thinning out some thick streaks towards the outer margin. Hind wing pale chrome-yellow, semidiaphanous, apex with a pale brownish patch. Abdomen with thick brownish hairs covering the lower half; tips yellow. Under side as above, but paler and less distinct; legs chrome-yellow. Expanse of wings, 13—1}, in. Nilgiri Hills (Lindsay). Allied to B. rubricosa, Moore, which I have also from the same locality, is larger, yellower, and differs in the pattern, having a spot at end of cell and no central band. 6. Bizone linatula, n. sp. @. Antenne reddish; head, body, and fore wings pure white ; thorax with red bands in front, across the middle, and at the base; abdomen with the hinder half reddish. Fore wing with four transverse red bands, somewhat as in B. swbornata; subbasal, ante-medial, post-medial, and submarginal quite close to the mar- gin, and the hinder part touching it, but not quite reaching the 136 Colonel C. Swinhoe’s new species of angle; 2nd band inclining inversely and almost straight, 38rd nearly upright and angled sharply inwards above, 2nd lined with black on its inner side, 38rd lined with black on its outer side; three blackish brown spots inside end of cell, one in the median vein, and the other in a line above it. Hind wing pale reddish, with the costal third pure white ; cilia of both wings white. Under side white; wings with the markings showing through ; legs white, tarsi banded with pale pinkish. Expanse of wings, 17, in. Khandalla and Matheran, October, 1886. Allied to B. subornata, Walker ; differs chiefly in the straightness and position of its 2nd band, and in the black edges to its 2nd and 8rd bands. Mr. Elwes (P. Z.8., 1890, p. 896) incorrectly refers this insect to B. subornata, but the prominent black edges to the bands clearly separate it from that species, this being a particu- larly distinctive specific character in the genus. I have one male and three females of B. subornata from the Andaman Islands, the females of which are identical with Walker’s type, which is also a female; the male has the costal fold on fore wings well-marked ; like the female it has three spots between the Ynd and 8rd bands, the upper two being covered by the heavy fold, and it has red hind wings. 7. Bizone peregrina. Bizone peregrina, Walker, i., 551 (1854); Elwes, lio (Zin eon, MESO), FOS BEOG INGS Gs North Kanara, July, 1886; Ceylon. Mr. Elwes is correct in his note at top of p. 391; the insect he refers to as B. peregrina, Walker, is B. puella, Drury, and vice versd, and Mr. Moore, in his collection, has the two names transposed. JB. puella is an insect never common, but found in many parts of India north and south; I have a pair from Solon, near Simla, taken by the late Captain Reed on sugar, and specimens from Bombay, Khandalla, Thanna, and Mahableshwur; and there are in my collection three males and one female of B. peregrina from Ceylon, received from Mr. Mackwood, and a male and female from North Kanara, received from Mr. Wise. The two species are very distinct ; Walker's Ceylon specimen is considered as his type of B. peregrina, his description is, however, a mixture of several species. B. peregrina, according to the Ceylon moths from Southern India. 137 type, has a male with the red bands on fore wing nearly straight, as in the female, costal fold distinct, and on the hind wing, just below the middle of the costa, is a large patch of blackish brown scales; the male, how- ever, of the female insect named by Drury as puella has, like the female, bands rather deeply elbowed inwards, the 2nd band in the middle and the 8rd band near the hinder margin, the costal fold is very slight, and there is no patch of scales on the hind wing. All the males of peregrina have their hind wings nearly pure white, with pinkish suffusion on the borders; and the two central red bands on fore wings of both species are edged with black in both sexes, the 2nd band inwardly and the 3rd band outwardly. 8. Reselia culaca, n. sp. (Pl. VIILI., fig. 9). g. Antenne grey; top of head and collar and anal tuft of abdomen pure white; thorax and fore wings greyish white ; abdo- men dark grey. Fore wing with a black costal subbasal spot, and three thin transverse zigzag blackish bands; ante-medial, medial, and post-medial, the two latter nearly meeting on the hinder mar- gin; an indistinct incomplete submarginal grey festoon; this and all the bands more or less outwardly margined with white ; mar- ginal line grey. Hind wing whitish, faintly clouded with grey. Under side almost uniformly dark grey. Expanse of wings, 7 in. Nilgiri Hills (Hampson). Allied to R. (Nola) cingalesa, Moore, from Ceylon, but can easily be distinguished by the difference in the bands on fore wings. ARCTIIDA. 9. Alpenus eximia, n.sp. (PI. VIII, fig. 8). Antenne and tip of palpi blackish ; head, body, and fore wings bright ochreous red, hind wings paler, markings pale black, body unmarked. Fore wings with two or three short longitudinal streaks at the base, followed by a subbasal narrow band, slightly outcurved, and running on to the base along the costa, a medial broad band which bifurcates on to the costa, the outer branch angled outwardly close to a submarginal band of elongated spots. Hind wing with a spot at upper end of cell, and submarginal spots, which become minute in the middle, and are largest and suffused into a patch near the anal angle; the bands in the fore wing are more or less composed of longitudinal spots and streaks suffused 138 Colonel C. Swinhoe’s new species of together. Under side: body, legs, and wings same colour as the hind wings above; body and legs without markings; wings marked as above. Expanse of wings, 1,; in. North Kanara, September, 1887 (Wise). Its peculiar red colour at once distinguishes it from all other species of Indian alpenus. LIPARIDA. 10. Artaxa pelona, u. sp. 3. Antenne, body, hind wings, legs, and whole surface below, pale straw-colour. Fore wings above bright cinnamon-yellow ; three brown submarginal spots, Ist at apex, 2nd a little below it, and the 3rd near the hinder angle, and two transverse bands of blackish brown irrorations, ante-medial and post-medial, 1st slightly curved outwardly, 2nd recurved, throwing out a short band from its middle towards the outer margin; one specimen has nearly all the markings obsolete. Under side without any markings. Expanse of wings, 17, in. Nilgiri Hills (Lindsay). Allied to A. fraterna, Moore, from Ceylon, but is much larger and quite differently marked on the fore wings. 11. Artaxa rhoda, u. sp. 3. Antenne, body, and wings of a rich warm chrome-yellow. Hind wings slightly paler than the fore wings. Fore wing with a brown spot at the end ofthecell; a straight macular band of brown irrorations from the centre of the hinder margin, towards the apex, which it does not reach; a short straight similarly composed thin band close inside, not macular, running from the basal third towards the spot at the end of the cell. Under side: body, wings, and legs of a uniform pale bright chrome-yellow, unmarked. Expanse of wings 17, in. North Kanara, August, 1887 (Wise). Allied to A. discinota, Moore, from the Andamans ; differs in its straight bands, the outer band in discinota being recurved and crossed by pale veins, and in the absence of all markings below. 12. Huproctis illanta, n.sp. & @. Above and below of a uniform cream-colour. Antenne of the male with the shaft and plumes ochreous tinted. Fore moths from Southern India. 139 and hind wings uniformly coloured and clothed; the entire surface of both wings and body above and below without any markings. Expanse of wings, gf 15, 2? lj in. Pona, September, 1888; Alibagh, near Bombay, March, 1888. Allied to E. postica, Walker, which has, however, a black abdomen and white wings. NOTODONTID. DICRANURINA. 13. Harpyia wisei, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 3). @. Shaft of antenne, front and top of head, body and fore wings silvery white; plumes of antenne and all markings black ; a line across at the back of the head; thorax with four cross macular lines; abdomen with broad bands on the upper half of each segment, and black spots on each side, pale at the base, and gradually darkening downwards; anal segment with a ring in the centre, enclosing a spot, and edged round witha black line. Fore wing with a mark at the base, and many transverse zigzag lines, and with two large marks like lunules at the end of cell, one inside and the other outside ; first two lines near the base are broken, the second two almost regularly dentated, and enclose a pale black band; the remainder are dentated outwardly, forming lunules in the interspaces ; costa marked with black, the largest black mark being near the apex, and large black spots on the outer margin in the interspaces. Hind wing pale black, with a short whitish fascia from the anal angle, and blackish spots on the outer margin in the interspaces. Under side: face and pectus black, body white, some black spots on the lower segments, and a black band across the last one; -legs white, with black bands; both wings whitish, with blackish suffusions on the outer half; black marks on the costa and spots on the outer margin as above. EHxpanse of wings, 33 in. N. Kanara, September, 1887 (Wise). Allied to H. litura, Walker; has more numerous zigzag lines across fore wings, is much larger, and the central fascia is broader and more regularly dentated. LASIOCAMPIDA. 14. Hupterote hirsuta, n. sp. 6. Antenne with the shaft brown, plumes reddish; thorax and abdomen of a uniform reddish brown; top of head and collar 140 Colonel C. Swinhoe’s new species of ochreous; the ground colour of both wings of a bright ochreous yellow, thickly suffused with reddish brown, with the ground colour showing through in places, especially at the outer marginal por- tions beyond the discal line, which is duplex, runs across both wings, and on both wings curves inwardly on the lower, and out- wardly on the upper portions, curving in on to the costa; the thorax is covered with brown hairs of an unusual thickness and length, and so is the basal portion of both wings, quite hiding the ground colour, and the usual transverse lunular lines, which are only visible here and there; the fore wing has some yellowish outwardly angular spots in the interspaces against the outside of the duplex line, the second from the hinder angle enclosing a large round black spot, and the third a pale brown one; on the hind wing is an outwardly dentated brown line similarly placed, with an indistinct spot near the angle. Under side: face and pectus dark brown; body and legs reddish brown; wings bright ochreous yellow ; discal line on both wings with the black spot on fore wing and the same on hind wing plainer than above; a lunular line beyond, and lunular lines on the outer half of both wings inside the discal line, four on the fore wing and three on the hind wing. Expanse of wings, 4 in. Khandalla, September, 1888 (Hevwett). Allied to EH. undata, Blanchard, which also occurs at Khandalla; and this insect, of which I have only a single perfect specimen, may be only a sport of that species ; but the curious curves of the discal band and the unusual colour of the wings make it look distinct, and certainly worth describing. 15. Nisaga teta, n. sp. Wings longer and proportionately narrower than in N. simplex, Walker, the type of the genus; costa of fore wing nearly straight, except at the immediate base, where it is slightly arched. Wings of a bright yellowish fawn-colour, yellower than in N. simplex, and more glistening; hind wing darker than the fore wing, more ochreous; both wings above and below very uniform in their coloration, and absolutely without markings of any kind; antenne with the plume brownish; abdomen above and below and legs tinged with ochreous brown. Expanse of wings, 2;4—27, in. Kolar, Mysore, October, 1888 (Hampson). Allied to N. simplex, and somewhat of the appearance of the variety N. modesta, Moore, but of a different shape moths from Southern India. 141 and character, and is quite distinct; in this genus both the sexes are alike in having heavily-plumed antenne. 16. Messata acinia, n. sp. o. Ofa uniform pale yellow, tinged with ochreous fawn-colour. Fore wing with two brown longitudinal bands, which extend from the apex to the hinder margin, the 1st at one-third, and the 2nd at two-thirds, and are joined together on the border. Hind wing and - under side of both wings unmarked; plumes of antennz brownish ; abdomen and legs reddish brown. ?. Ofa brighter yellow colour; bands paler and somewhat in- distinct; other characters same as in the male. HExpanse of wings, GO CEO es North Kanara, July and August, 1886 (Wise) ; Khan- dalla, September, 1888 (Hewett). Allied to M. flavida, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 372, from the Nilgiri Hills; differs chiefly in having two bands instead of three, and a brown body instead of a yellow one. GEOMETRITES. EUSCHEMIDA. 17. Huschema nelera, n. sp. 36 ?. Antenne and palpi black; both wings of a uniform pale purplish colour, bands and spots purplish black; wings thinly clothed; space between the antenne black, a yellow band behind it; thorax pale purplish, suffused with yellow; three bands across the thorax, in front, behind, and in the middle, corresponding with similar bands on the wings; abdomen yellowish, with bands on the segments, bright chrome-yellow tips, and in the male with anal tufts of that colour. Fore wing with three longitudinal straight bands on the basal third, the lowest the longest, and commencing across the base of the hind wing; the band on the costa elbowed acutely inwards, and terminating near the end of the lowest band ;~ a large spot at the end of the cell, and extending to the costa; costal line between this and the basal band also purplish black; a thick distorted discal band, which bends inwards below the spot, and a deep marginal band, which fines down to the hinder angle ; the large spot and two outer bands really cover the outer third of the wing, leaving two pale purplish bands of spots. Hind wing with a large spot at end of cell, which runs inwards, paler ina short suffused band towards the abdominal margin; a discal 142 Colonel C. Swinhoe’s new species of recurved band somewhat near the margin, and dentated outwardly on the veins in its centre ; a submarginal row of spots, large at the apex, and touching the margin, becoming smaller towards the anal angle; four large bright ochreous marginal spots towards the anal angle in the male only. Under side: body yellow; legs yellow below, bluish grey above; abdomen of the female with segmental bands. Expanse of wings, J 2 22—38, in. Matheran, October, 1886; Khandalla, December, 1882. Allied to H. transversa, Walker, from Ceylon, which I have also got from North Kanara, somewhat similarly marked; but in that species the bands are thicker and closer together, and the large bright chrome-yellow spots on the hind wing are absent. This insect was wrongly identified by me as H. malayana, Guér., in P.Z.S., 1885, p. 864. It comes out in a regular swarm on the top of the Matheran and Khandalla Mountains for about a week every cold season, and flies by day and night. 18. Huschema percota, n. sp. 3S ?. Front of head and stripe behind the head yellow; palpi, antennz, and all stripes and spots, purplish black; thorax and wings pale purplish; wings thinly clothed; thorax suffused with yellow in places; abdomen yellowish, with segmental bands; thorax with three bands across, corresponding to the three basal bands on the fore wings, which are as follows: 1st on costa, short, and sometimes broken into spots; 2nd about the same length; 3rd crossing the base of hind wing, and curving upwards across the 2nd band, and inwards on to the costa near the 1st band; two large spots below the cell, in the interspace, one above the other}; apical third purplish black, showing a large spot of that colour at the end of the ceil; beyond this is a pale purplish spot, and sometimes another smaller and indistinct spot again beyond; a pale streak also at the hinder angle. Hind wing marked like the hind wing of #. nelera, the spot at the end of the cell round, and a smaller spot between that and the abdominal margin; the spots on the outer margin also more round. Under side: body yellow; abdomen of the female with segmental bands; wings paler than above, spots prominent; outer purplish black colour of fore wings confined to the apex, some spots on the border, and a distorted macular band in the disc ; hind wing as above, but with the discal band and marginal spots finer and paler. Hxpanse of wings, gj 33,—33, 2 3.,—4 in. - moths from Southern India. 143 Matheran, October and December, 1886; Khandalla, October, 1887; Calicut, Tavandrum (Hampson) ; Lana- oli, May, 1888. Differs from EH. nelera in its black apical third of fore wings, and in the different arrangement of the basal markings ; also in the absence of the chrome-yellow spots on the hind wings of the male: is allied to H. -palmyra, Stoll, for which I mistook it (P. Z.8., 18835, p- 864), but is quite distinct, H. palmyra being closely allied to H. transversa, Walker. This insect also appears in swarms in the cold weather, and, like the rest of the genus, flies by day; one or two are occasionally also taken in the summer. There are specimens of it un- named in the B. M., and in Mr. Moore’s museum. ZERENIIDA. 19. Abraxas germana, N. sp. 3 @. Head and body ochreous, spotted with blackish brown; abdomen with three rows of spots; wings of a dull pale ochreous ; hind wings paler and whiter; both wings covered with blackish brown irrorations, coarse and dark on fore wings, pale and minute on hind wings, especially towards the base; both wings crossed by a discal line or thin band, including brown spots on the veins in the hind wing, where the band is well covered outwardly above the middle, and composed of densely patched irrorations on the fore wing; but in the female it is merely an ordinary band of brownish colour ; a brown spot at end of cell on hind wings, and a black marginal line interrupted by the veins on both wings in the male only ; the female is otherwise the same as the male, but is more whitish in colour, nearly uniform on both wings; antenne and legs brown. Below: body yellow, spotted with brown; wings as above, but in the males with the bands and spots very distinct; the irrora- tions suffused with longitudinal streaks nearly covering the wing. Expanse of wings. # ? 2 in. Nilgiri Hills (Lindsay). Closely allied to A. luteolaria, Swinh., but is not so bright in coloration. A. luteolaria has two bands across both wings, of a different character on the fore wings, and with the outer band nearer to the marginal border. 144 Colonel C. Swinhoe’s new species of GEOMETRIDA. 20. Thalassodes melica, n. sp. gd. Thorax and wings of a uniform sea-green; both wings crossed by ante-medial and discal faint whitish lines, nearly straight on fore wings, slightly curving outwards, more curved on the hind wings, lined inwardly with a slightly darker shade of green, the inner line of hind wings hardly visible; both wings irrorated with afew silvery speckles, and with the cilia silvery white. Hind wings produced below the middle into an acute angle; antennz, abdomen, body below, and legs, yellowish ; wings below of a uniform greyish white, unmarked. Expanse of wings, f; in. Poona, November, 1887. Allied to T. graminea, Hampson ; differs in the more rounded apex of fore wings, and the straightness of the transverse lines on both wings, being in no way sinuous. FIDONIDA. 21. Zomia miscella, n. sp. 3. Body and fore wings of various shades of colour, from brownish green to pale ochreous brown; markings very much as in Z. incitata, Walker ; the outer band more bent and produced outwardly in the middle, nearly touching the margin. Hind wings rich ochreous; the brown mark at the anal angle in the dark specimens continued up the abdominal border in a uniform shade of colour to the base, usually filling up the whole space behind the median vein; a brown spot at the end of the cell. Below: both wings coloured like the hind wings above; a brown spot at the end of each cell; the costa and outer portion of fore wings, and the whole surface of the hind wings, spotted with brown dots, suffused on the outer portions of the fore wings in some specimens; body and legs ochreous; antenne coloured like the fore wings and bipectinated with very short bristles. Expanse of wings, 15— 1$, in. Khandalla, October, 1886; Nilgiri Hills, 6000 ft. (Hampson). Is evidently the southern form of Z. incitata, Walker, from Sikkim; the short plume of the antennz, however, would alone make it quite a distinct species, the plume of the male being less than half the depth of the Sikkim insect, and not so deep as the plume of the female of moths from Southern India. 145 that species ; it differs chiefly also in the spots at the end of the cell of the hind wings above, and in all the wings below, and in the other spots and markings below, Z. incitata having no spot above, and is immaculate below, except for two slight reddish marks at the end of the cells. 22. Hypochrosis intexta, n.sp. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 11). g- Antenne blackish brown, plumes white at their base ; top of head whitish ; body and wings of a uniform brownish grey; wings covered with black irrorations, and with some pale choco- late-brown outwardly oblique bands, fore wings with two before the middle, the 2nd terminating in a square black patch on the costa; two bands beyond the middle, one discal and outwardly dentated in the middle with two teeth, tle other marginal, the latter inwardly sinuous, and with a black mark near the hinder angle; a central black sinuous line from a smaller black patch on the costa near the apex, terminating in the middle of the wing, and two pale brown marks at the base. Hind wing with traces of the 2nd band near its base, and with the discal and marginal bands complete, the former with outer border, and the latter with inner border, dentated and edged with dark brown; a black central slightly sinuous line from the abdominal margin near the middle, towards the costal third, which it does not reach; costal portion whitish. Under side: body, legs, and wings pale chocolate-brown, paler than above; no markings except the two brown spots on the costa of the fore wings, which are faintly visible. Hxpanse of wings, 1}, in. N. Kanara (Wise). I know of no species to which this insect has any near resemblance in its markings. NOCTUES. LEUCANIID. 23. Axylia dispalata, n. sp. g. Antenne, palpi, and head brown; thorax, abdomen, and fore wings reddish grey; thorax and fore wings suffused with brown. Fore wings with the orbicular and reniform prominent, the former round and small, the latter much larger and more or less ear-shaped, generally pale, sometimes brown, the whole wing more or less dotted and streaked with black and brown, forming a fascia extending through the cell, and from the reniform, in a line to the outer margin, most of the space above is dark brown, and in TRANS, ENT. S0C. LOND, 1891.—PART I. (MARCH.) L 146 Colonel C. Swinhoe’s new species of some specimens there are two transverse fascie before and beyond the middle; a duplex transverse discal row of black points, some pale spots on the costa on the apical half, marginal black points, and pale cilia marked with brown. Hind wing nearly pure white, unmarked. Under side : body and legs brownish; tarsi with pale bands. @. Like the male, but paler; the head and body are reddish grey, and the brown and black markings on fore wings are thinner, leaving the lower portions paler. Expanse of wings, 1 in. Poona, September and October, 1882, August, 1887 ; Khandalla, October, 1886—87. Ailied to A. renalis, Moore, from Kashmir, Solon, and the Punjaub, which it superficially resembles ; it is, however, smaller, differently coloured, the wings are narrower and shorter, apex rounded, and the markings, though somewhat similar, are of a different character, and the legs are differently coloured and marked. HELIOTHIDA. 24. Dorika curta, n. sp. 3 @. Antenne, head, and thorax brown; abdomen and fore wings yellowish fawn-colour ; hind wings white; fore wings with some darker longitudinal shades; a broad medial longitudinal blackish band from the base to near the outer margin; a short subapical blackish streak, black marginal points, some indications of a transverse row of discal blackish points, and some brownish marks on the cilia. Hind wings with minute black marginal points, otherwise unmarked. Under side: body and legs yellowish fawn-colour; wings whitish; fore wings with medial and costal blackish longitudinal fascize; both wings with black marginal points. Hxpanse of wings, 1—1,, in. Poona, September, 1888. Allied to D. auriola, Walker ; is smaller, is not gilded like that species, differs in the shape of the stripes, and has the fore wings shorter and more square. 25. Curubasa depicta, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 4). @. Antenne pinkish, palpi ochreous, thorax and fore wings bright silvery cream-colour; head and fore part of thorax pinkish lake, some marks of the same colour on the rest of the thorax ; abdomen ochreous brown (being a female the colour here has probably changed somewhat since life). Fore wing with two moths from Southern India. 147 broad pinkish lake longitudinal bands with even edges, filling up the entire costal and hinder marginal spaces; cilia with some marks of the same colour. Hind wings greyish white, glistening, unmarked. Under side: body and legs greyish ochreous; abdo- men with whitish segmental bands; wings greyish white, with some whiter longitudinal streaks. Expanse of wings, 1, in. Khandalla, September, 1888. Allied to C. lanceolata, Walker, xxxiii., 767 ; differs in the formation of the stripes, and in its much larger size, that species having the fore wings rose-coloured, with a central silvery stripe. I have a series of both sexes. Of this new species I have only one perfect female specimen, but it is such a beautiful insect, I am tempted to name and describe it. 26. Masalia dora, n. sp. 3. Antenne, palpi, and head pale fawn-colour; thorax and fore wings dark ochreous fawn-colour. Fore wings irrorated with black atoms, which in places are clustered together into indistinct longitudinal streaks ; a brownish patch near the apex, and a row of diffuse indistinct submarginal transverse spots. Hind wings and abdomen silvery white, tinged with fawn-colour, unmarked ; anal tuft reddish fawn-colour. Under side pale luteous fawn- colour ; fore wing inwardly suffused with brown. @. Pale yellowish, shining; fore wing irrorated with reddish atoms, with longitudinal reddish streaks; hind wings, abdomen, and the entire under surface paler, and of a uniform pale shining greyish yellow. Expanse of wings, f 1, 2 1} in. Khandalla, October, 1886. Allied to M. irrorata, Moore, but from which it widely differs in its coloration, in its brown cilia, and in the disposition and nature of the discal spots. ACONTIIDA. 27. Marimatha freda, u. sp. S. Luteous fawn-colour; antenne, palpi, head, fore part of thorax, and anal tuft ochreous. Fore wing with the costa brown, this colour broader and darker on the basal half; a duplex sinuous black discal line, chalybeous whitish in its interior, bending inwards above on to the costa, and throwing out a straight brown shade to the apex, with a brownish suffusion on the marginal space below it; marginal line blackish brown; cilia brownish, with a L 2 148 Colonel C. Swinhoe’s new species of pale basal line. Hind wing slightly paler than the fore wing, and suffused with grey. Under side luteous fawn-colour; wings suffused with brown. Expanse of wings, ~ in. Nilgiri Hills, two males (Grant). Not allied to any Indian species known to me, but somewhat resembles M. duplicalis, Walker, xxxiv., p. 1205, from Sierra Leone. 28. Tarache melanchlena, n. sp. 3 2. Antenne, palpi, head, and thorax blackish brown; wings pinkish grey, suffused almost all over with blackish brown. Fore wing with a broad central blackish brown band, angled outwardly just above the centre; basal and outer parts also dark blackish brown, leaving pale bands, showing the ground colour of the wing on each side of the central band. Hind wings and abdomen suffused all over with a paler brown colour; marginal line of both wings black; cilia brown, with a pale basal line. Under side coloured, suffused like the hind wings above. Expanse of wings, $—yF, in. North Kanara, June, 1887 (Wise). Allied to T. excisa, Walker, but is altogether a blacker insect, without any silvery bands as in that species. ANTHOPHILIDA. 29. Hyela senna, n.sp. (Pl. VILL, fig. 14). Antenne, palpi, body, and fore wings greyish yellow. Fore wing with a broad blackish brown longitudinal band, occupying nearly half the lower portion of the wing up to the outer third, above which it curves deeply on its inner margin, leaving an angle at the basal third, and from the outer third it runs straight to the apex, towards which it becomes attenuated; this band is edged with whitish yellow, and there are a number of brownish diffuse longi- tudinal marks all over the yellow portion of the wing. Hind wings brown. Under side of a uniform dirty grey. Expanse of wings, 64-10th in. Poona, November, 1887. Is a much smaller insect than H. lativitta, and the brown band is differently disposed. moths from Southern India. — 149: POAPHILIDA. 30. Poaphila erica, n. sp. (PI. VIIL., fig. 15). Palpi, head, and fore part of thorax rich reddish ochreous; antenne and fore wings chocolate-brown, covered with black atoms. Fore wing with two transverse dark brown straight bands or thick lines; ante-medial and discal, the latter duplex, caused by a dark brown sinuous line immediately beyond it; marginal points black. - Hind wing blackish brown, tinged with pale chocolate, broadly blackish on the outer margin; cilia of both wings ochreous. Under side pale ochreous cinereous; fore wing with a blackish mark at end of cell, some central blackish suffusions, and blackish marginal space limited by the outer band; inner band obsolete. Hind wing with the mark at end of cell, slight blackish suffusion at marginal border, which has a discal band of blackish spots, and a sub- marginal band; both wings with black marginal lunular line ; body and legs ochreous, tarsi brown. Expanse of wings, 1,3, in. Khandalla, September, 1888 (/Tevwett). Allied to P. luteiceps, Walker ; chiefly differs in the coloration, in having an outer straight band instead of an acutely retracted one, in the position of the sub- marginal band, and in the colour and markings below. CATEPHIDA. 381. Gyrtona exsicca, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 5). Palpi, antenne, head, body, and fore wings brown; palpi whitish on the inner sides. Fore wings with four or five indistinct sinuous transverse blackish lines at equal distances from each other; the first visible is on the basal third, and has a deep black point on the hinder margin ; the last is the most sinuous, and is submarginal, and this and the two preceding it are deep black, though very fine and more or less disjointed ; the first of these has an elongated deep black spot near the hinder margin, and in the central part of the wing are two or three black points; marginal line brown; fringe brown, paler. Hind wings pale greyish, semi- hyaline, with a brown deep border, diffuse inwardly. Under side whitish, unmarked. Expanse of wings, 1 in. North Kanara (Wise). Is shaped like G. hylusalis, Walker, but differs in the markings of the fore wings, and the colour and band of the hind wings. 150 Colonel C. Swinhoe’s nevi species of HOMOPTERIDA. 32. Alamis yendola, n. sp. 3 @. Antennz, palpi, head, body, and wings pinkish grey; palpi with brown bands to the tips; both wings covered with many transverse brown sinuous lines and bands, forming on the fore wing a broad group of bands at the base and another in the middle, and a blackish patch angled downwards from the costa near the apex, and on the hind wing an indistinct discal band; both wings with a black submarginal festoon, and a pale marginal line; a brown cilia, with a black line at the base and a pale middle line. Under side much paler, witha number of sinuous transverse pale brown lines on both wings. Expanse of wings, 1}, in. Poona, October, 1882; Karachi, September, 1886. Allied to Alamis infligens, Walker, but uniformly smaller, the wings shorter, deeper, and more rounded, and the markings, though of the same nature, are altogether differently disposed. OPHIUSIDA. 33. Athyrma intorta, n. sp. (Pl. VIIL., fig. 13). 3. Palpi, head, fore part of thorax, and anal tuft ochreous; antenne, body, and fore wings yellowish fawn-colour. Fore wing with a large distorted black patch, ringed with white at one-third from base, filling lower two-thirds of wing; on costa above is a brown mark; a discal white line from hinder margin beyond middle, sinuous, running upwards close to the inner patch, then distorted and curving much outwards, and running up to costa at one-fourth from apex; this line limits a black suffusion, which is suffused into the colour of the wing as it reaches the margin; an indistinct submarginal sinuous blackish line; marginal black spots. Hind wing blackish, darkest towards outer margin. Under side yellowish, a dot at end of each cell, some brown suffusions, espe- cially on fore wings, a curved discal line across both wings, and brown marginal line. Expanse of wings, 1}, in. Bombay, October, 1886. Allied to Athyrma semilugens, Walker (Hydrelia) = Bamana luteiceps, Walker ; chiefly differs in the presence of the inner patch on fore wings, in the narrower outer margin, and the absence of the inner line on fore wings. moths from Southern India. 151 - FOCILLIDA. 34. Matella euphrona, n.sp. (PI. VIIL., fig. 16). Of a uniform yellowish fawn-colour ; palpi whitish, flecked with black; wings irrorated and suffused with brown, with two large hyaline spots on the fore wing, one in the middle of the cell, nearly round, the other at the end larger and ear-shaped; a hyaline spot at the end of the cell in the hind wings; all the spots ringed with brown. Fore wings crossed by three transverse brown lines; ante-medial, medial and discal, curving outwardly, rather sinuous, the Ist and 2nd lines bending inwards on to the costa, the 1st inside the 1st spot, the 2nd outside the 2nd spot; a submarginal sinuous indistinct pale line. Hind wings with two lines, corresponding to the two outer lines of fore wings; a submarginal pale line; mar- ginal line of both wings black; cilia interlined. Under side: wings marked as above, but with prominent dark blackish brown suffusions. EHxpanse of wings, % in. Poona, October, 1887. Allied to M. accingalis, Walker ; is similarly coloured, but much smaller, the hyaline spots larger and the bands straighter and differently disposed, the outer one termi- nating at the anal angle instead of the outer third of abdominal margin; Walker’s type is a female fragment I overlooked when describing M. caduca (P. Z.8., 1885, p-. 470), but, having now a long series, I am convinced they are identical. 35. Nagadeba mistura, n. sp. 3 ?. Chocolate-grey; palpi with whitish inner sides and tips ; abdomen with whitish segmental bands above. Fore wings crossed by seven or eight sinuous grey lines; costa with two white marks, Ist at one-third from base, 2nd at one-third from apex, where the costal border is depressed ; in some specimens there is a whitish angular space here, which, with the naked eye, looks like a wing- fold; marginal line black, incomplete, prominently black below the apex, and there are some brown shades on the costal and central portions of the wing. Hind wing paler, crossed by three or four indistinct sinuous grey lines; black lunular marginal line ; cilia of both wings interlined with black. Under side darkly suffused with black. Expanse of wings, §—%, in. Poona, September and October, 1887. Allied to nothing I know of. 152 Colonel C. Swinhoe’s new species of THERMESIIDA. PTEROGONIA, gen. NOV. Fore wing rather short, broad; costa rather straight to near the end, apex pointed; exterior margin angled below the apex and again at the middle, below which it is very oblique, the posterior margin being very convex. Hind wing short; apex very convex, exterior margin slightly convex. Body stout; thorax slightly crested in front; palpi erect, projecting slightly above the head ; apex pointed; antenne setaceous; legs thick, fore tibiz stout, hind tibie with two pairs of spurs. This genus is allied to Doranaga, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, ili, p. 558, and will include Pterogonia (Doranaga) striatura, Moore, l.c., p. 558, pl. 214, f. 11. The type of the genus Doranaga is D. apicalas, Moore, l. c., which is identical with Doranaga (Ariolica) leucospila, Walker, SOG, [Ds (iste 36. Pterogonia episcopalis, n. sp. $. Antenne, palpi, thorax, and fore wings lilacine-grey; abdo- men dusky; thorax and palpi with a few dark ferruginous speckles. Fore wings with numerous transverse broad ferruginous striz clouding the wing, darkest obliquely from the costa near the base for two-thirds the area, a slénder outwardly oblique transverse wavy line from the costa one-third from the base, a zigzag similar line one-fifth from the apex, beyond which are a few apical sub- marginal blackish striz, and two or three black speckles towards the posterior angle ; within the end of the cell is a large and very prominent silvery white mitre-shaped spot. Hind wing cinereous white, with a broad dusky marginal band; legs cinereous white, tarsi dusky, fore tibie ferruginous. Expanse of wings, 1§ in. Coonoor, Nilgiri Hills (Lindsay); type-specimen in coll. Moore. Somewhat resembles Doranaga striatura, Moore. P. eprscopats. moths from Southern India. 158 37. Capnodes cascalis,n.sp. (Pl. VIII., fig. 6, ¢; 10,2). 3 2. Brownish fawn-colour; palpi striped with pale yellowish and pale at the tips; thorax with a brown band in front; wings sparsely irrorated with brown atoms; an indistinct sinuous pale brown ante-medial transverse line on fore wings, orbicular and reniform very indistinct; a straight brown thin band across both wings, from the abdominal margin before the middle to near the costa of fore wings, where it joins a curved band enclosing a blackish space, suffused in parts with white; a discal row of brown points, outwardly edged with white, a submarginal row of black points very close to the margin, and a black marginal line. Under side paler, irrorated with brown atoms, indications of a faint discal band across both wings enclosing some brown points; sub- marginal black points, and marginal line as above; legs with tibie and tarsi brown above, with yellow bands. Expanse of wings, 1}, in. Travancore (Cotton); Khandalla, September, 1883 (Hewett). Distinguishable from C. pallens, Moore, by the straight band across both wings, and by the black and white space on the costa near apex. HERMINIIDA. 38. Oglasa costiplaga. Oglasa costipannosa (nom preoc.}, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 266, n. 517. Rangoon, Moulmein, and Bhamo. The insect described by Mr. Moore as Hgnasia costi- pannosa, Descr. Ind. Lep. Atk., i1., p. 184 (1882), is, I find on examination of the genus, Oglasa, and therefore it becomes necessary for me to adopt another name for my insect. PYRALES. HAPALIADA. 39. Crocidophora griseifusa, n. sp. 3S. Dull pearly iridescent grey. Fore wing with a broad dark band along outer margin, narrowing slightly towards outer angle; an indistinct dark band from the costa one-third from apex, bent inwards at the median vein, where it is joined by a band from the centre of costa, reaching the hinder margin at centre. Hind wing with a dark outer border, broad on apical half, narrow towards 154 Species of moths from Southern India. anal angle; an indistinct dark band, erect, from centre of costa to the 2nd median veinlet, then curved round to inner margin above the anal angle; the raised sexual tuft of hairs on the under side of fore wing below the cell is very large and dark, and the median vein very much distorted, so as to pass round above it. 9. Suffused with golden ochreous, the markings still more indistinct than in the male, the band on fore wing slightly waved, on hind wing more evenly curved. Expanse of wings, J 1}, @ 14 in. North Kanara, June, 1887 (Wise); Nilgiri Hills, southern slopes (Lindsay). Is somewhat akin to the North American ochreous forms. EXpLaNaTION oF Puate VIII. Fic. 1. Syntomis magna, un. sp., p. 133. 2. 59 mota, 0. sp., p. 134. 3. Harpyia wiser, 2, 0.sp., p. 139. 4. Curubasa depicta, 2, u.sp., p. 146. 5. Gyrtona excisa, n. sp., p. 149. ‘ 6. Capnodes cascalis, 8, n.sp., p. 153. 7. Syntomis lydia, J, u.sp., p. 134. 8. Alpenus exinia, Nu. Sp., p. 187. 9. Reselia culaca, $,un.sp., p. 187. 10. Capnodes cascalis, 2, nu. sp., p. 1638. 11. Hypochrosis intexta, §, u.sp., p. 145. 12. Tascia gana, uu. sp., p. 133. 13. Athyrma intorta, u. sp., p. 150. 14. Hyela senna, u. sp., p. 148. 15. Poaphila erica, u. sp., p. 149. 16. Matella ewphrona, nu. sp., p. 151. V. Conspicuous Effects on the markings and colouring of Lepidoptera caused by exposure of the pupe to different temperature conditions. By FREDERIC MERRIFIELD, F.E.S. [Read December 8rd, 1890. | Puate IX. In reviewing the results of my temperature experiments of last year, | found some which could not altogether be explained by the simple theory that a moderately low temperature, applied to the pupa for a certain minimum period, caused in the imago darkness of colouring or a change of markings in a definite direction. In particular they indicated that the part of the pupal period during which the temperature was applied might have much to do with the result, and therefore I determined to conduct experiments specially directed to ascertain whether there was such a period, and, if so, to define it. During the earlier part of this investigation I was under the im- pression, derived from the accounts of experiments by other observers, that the earliest stage of the pupal period was the sensitive time, and, at all events, that the last few days were of little importance; and accordingly, in certain elaborate experiments which I made, con- sisting of the forcing of pupe immediately after pupation for periods differing by a few days, followed by cooling for different periods; and the converse,—i. e¢. cooling succeeded by forcing,—I generally finished in both cases by forcing the pupa for a few of its last days, as a matter of convenience, in order to get it out of the way for further work. Some facts observed, however, during the early part of the past summer, led me to suspect that for certain effects the later days of the pupal period were especially important, and I instituted accordingly some experiments directed to ascertain whether it was so. I tried these with the two species I had before found sensitive to temperature,—namely, S. wlustraria (tetra- lunaria) and H#. autumnaria,—and the results fully con- TRANS. ENT. SOc. LOND. 1891.—PaRT I. (MARCH.) 156 =Mr. F. Merrifield on conspicuous effects on firmed my suspicion. I obtained more striking results than before, and the fact was brought out that the change of markings due to temperature was caused by tem- perature conditions so different from those which caused colouring, or darkness, that it became possible artificially to produce either effect with little or no admixture of the other; so, for example, as to get from the same brood of an insect which is subject to seasonal dimorphism what may be termed, speaking generally, four distinct temperature varieties, viz., (1) summer markings with summer colouring, (2) summer markings with anapproach towards spring colouring, (8) spring markings with sum- mer colouring, (4) spring markings with spring colouring. It will be seen that all these results have been more or less fully obtained ; three of them from a single brood, and the fourth from another precisely similar brood, might certainly have been obtained from the first brood had a portion of it been subjected to the appropriate treatment. When I use the term spring and summer markings or colouring (in which last word I include lightness or darkness of hue) Iam only speaking generally. I have not yet, 1 think, met with a case where the summer moth has been made to assume the exact colouring of the spring insect, but, as regards markings, I think the resemblance is complete, or nearly so. For purposes of description, it has been found neces- sary to divide the pupal period into four stages, the duration of each of which greatly depends on the tem- perature, viz. ;—(1) the soft condition, which, at ordinary summer temperature, continues about twenty-four hours or less; (2) the central inactive condition, which may last for a few days only or for many months; (8) what T would term the penultimate stage, being that separating the inactive period from (4) the last stage, commencing when the colours of the pupal insect begin to show. Each of the stages (8) and (4), at the summer temperature, seems to last, in the two species experimented on, two or three days, but at a lower temperature can extend over several weeks. The icing temperature may be taken as a steady 38° Fahr. (subject to the qualification that from about the beginning of July of this year to the 10th August, during which the pup, instead of being in an ice-box, were placed under the bottom of the ice-holder in the the markings and colouring of Lepidoptera. 157 refrigerator, it ranged from about 385° to 39°); the “cooling” temperature, being that of the interior of the refrigerator, ranged from 39° to 55°, averaging in summer about 47°; the forcing temperature was about 80°. The ‘‘out-door” and “‘room”’ or “‘in-door”’ tem- perature, especially the former, varied, but I give the amount of it, as far as practicable, in each case. I may premise that (with the aid of an assistant) I have tried many more experiments than I describe here; some necessarily gave negative or inconclusive results, and with these, though useful to myself, I will not trouble the Society. It will perhaps be remembered that last year’s experi- ments showed that a naturally rather dark-coloured brood of illustraria of the summer emergence, when subjected to icing for periods successively lengthened by fourteen days, produced moths darker in colour, and, after a period averaging twelve weeks or more, for the most part distinctly altered in markings so as to approach those of the spring emergence. This year I determined to experiment with broods from a race selected for its tendency to light orange or chestnut colouring, which, to give it a short distinctive name, I called ‘‘red,”’ and which, being of a lighter colour, would be better adapted to show dark effects. EXPERIMENTS ON ILLUSTRARIA. For this purpose I took two broods of the spring larve of the ‘red”’ race, forcing the larve to get them out of the way of other experiments, and they pupated between 10th and 25th June. The first of these I called ‘‘red c’’; it produced me about 59 pupe. Ten of these ‘‘red c,” taken promiscuously from day to day, were forced at the temperature of 80°, and produced eight moths, all of the light warm tint proper to the race, and in all respects of marking and colouring belonging to the summer type. ‘Two of them are shown as Figs. 3 and 4 in the Plate. The rest were iced from day to day as they hardened, and on the 14th Sept., ¢.e. after about twelve weeks’ icing, were taken out of the ice-box and subjected to differential treatment as follows :— (1) Icing twelve weeks followed by forcing.—Twenty-three were thus forced, and after five days’ forcing they began to emerge. Nine came out on the fifth day; the rest were then beginning to show the colour of the perfect insect, and would doubtless have 158 Mr. F. Merrifield on conspicuous effects on emerged on that day or in the next day or two. Ten of them were placed at the “‘ cooling” temperature, then averaging 43°, and five of these, besides some cripples, emerged in from two to eight days. Of the remaining thirteen, eleven emerged uncrippled or nearly so. There is no material difference between those which were thus differently treated. They show an interesting combination of colouring and markings, viz. a colowring approximating to that of the swmmer emergence with, in all but 2 or 3 individuals, the markings proper to the spring emergence. Nos. 5 and 6 in the Plate are typical examples of them. This experiment seems to show (1) that though icing the summer pup for twelve weeks develops. in general the spring markings, yet that after the change in markings has thus been effected, forcing during the last five days brings out the moths in the characteristic summer colouring; (2) that exposure to a low tem- perature (about 43°) when the insect is in the ultimate pupal stage, 7.e. when the colours of the imago are beginning to show, makes no difference. (b) Icing twelve weeks, followed by a low or moderate tem- perature.—The remainder of the ‘‘red ¢,’’ twenty-six in number, were on the 14th Sept. placed owt of doors, and all emerged in from nine to sixteen days, the temperature at 8 a.m. averaging about 57°. They showed not only the spring markings, but, as ' will be seen in the Plate, figs. 7 and 8, a dark colour, in some cases closely approximating to that of the spring emergence. With two or three exceptions, all are darker than any of those in the preceding experiment, and most are much darker. We thus have the spring markings and a close approximation to the spring colouring produced by subjecting to a moderately low temperature, averaging 57° at 8 a.m., pupe the moths from which would other- wise have shown the markings and colouring proper to the summer emergence. Three of the twenty-six were, after eight days of the out-door temperature ‘“‘ cooled” (43°) emerging respectively in 12, 16 and 30 days; but this treatment made no appreciable difference in their appearance. (c) The same, succeeded by forcing during the ultimate period. —Four of the twenty-six were after eight days forced, and three of them emerged in from 1} to 2} days; in two of these there is a change in a direction towards the summer colouring. Taken as a whole, the experiments on ‘‘red c” seem to show that the ordinary out-door temperature of a rather warm Sep- tember, which, taken at 8 a.m. during the time of exposure, averaged about 57°, is as efficacious to produce a dark colouring as the markings and colouring of Lepidoptera. 159 is the much lower “cooling” temperature (of 43°), but that exposing the pupa during its last two or three days to a forcing temperature may be enough to affect the colouring in the opposite direction. Period of pupal development when temperature operates on colowr.—The next experiments were made with the object of endeavouring to define still more closely the period of pupal development during which the temperature has to be applied in order to develop its effects on colouring. For this purpose the second “red’’ brood, distinguished as ‘red a,’ which had been at the icing temperature for about fourteen weeks, was taken. Hight moths, the pupe of which had been forced from the time they hardened, are scarcely to be distinguished from the “red c” similarly treated, being of the same light warm tint, and with the usual summer markings. Of those not so forced I had about seventy pupe. This brood, however, was not so healthy and vigorous as the “red c’s”. Whether from this or some other cause, the differences in colouring caused by the treatment are not so marked as in “red c¢.”’ It should be premised that all the experiments on dllustraria under heads (d) and (e) subsequently detailed were tried with sum- mer pup which had been iced about fourteen weeks, a treatment which, as already shown, appears to affect the markings rather than the colouring. Fourteen male and fourteen female pupz were, on the 25th Sept., taken from the ice and divided into two parts, and were then treated as follows :— (ad) Forcing for different periods succeeded by a moderately low temperature.—With the first division, consisting of six males and six females, the experiment was tried of first forcing and then from day to day removing into the open air, which at 8 a.m. averaged about 56°. From the Table (I.) appended it will be seen that they were, when taken from the ice on the 25th, ready to emerge in about five days of a forcing temperature. This indicates that the pupal period, measured by the progress made, was then not quite half over, for I have found that the summer pupa exposed to a forcing temperature usually emerges in from eight to ten days. The results were as follows:—Nos.1 9 and 2 g, and Nos. 1 2 and 2 2, which had been deprived of a forcing tem- perature during two or three out of their last five days, are decidedly darker than the others; of the remainder, No.3 ¢, which had been deprived of but one day’s forcing, is lighter, No. 5 gf was accidentally lost, and No. 6 g, which was forced the whole of the five days, is almost of the summer colouring of the 160 Mr. F. Merrifield on conspicuous effects on parents which had been forced all through. There is little difference between the females Nos. 3, 4, 5 and 6, two of which are slightly crippled; in general they are nearer to the spring than the summer type of colouring. (e) Moderately low temperature for different periods followed by forcing.—With the second division, consisting of eight males and eight females, the converse experiment was tried by placing the pup, when taken from the ice, in the open air, and removing them at intervals to the forcing-box. The intervals were of two or three days, instead of a single day, in order to make allowance for the slower rate of progress at a lower temperature. The results are recorded in Table II. They fully confirm the results of the experiment last recorded. Of the males, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, all of which had had from one and a half to four days’ forcing, approach the summer colouring, and there is not much difference between them; No. 6, with only one day’s forcing, is darker. Nos. 7 and 8, with no forcing at all, are decidedly darker. Of the females, Nos. 7 and 8, with no forcing at all, are decidedly darker than Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, which had had from one to three and a half days’ forcing. The last class of experiments was repeated with pupe from another brood not of the ‘‘red” type, offspring of a brood kindly reared for me by Mr. Hollis, but of a more ordinary and variable colour. They were contemporaries of the “red a,” and fourteen of them were treated in exactly the same way, six males and six females being in the same manner selected for first forcing and then outdoor exposure, and eight males and eight females for out- door exposure first and then forcing. The results are in the same direction, though not so marked. The experiments with ‘red a” and with the last-named brood showed that about three days of a temperature averaging 56° were equivalent, in the rate of pupal progress, to one day at 80°. The general result of the experiments on the three last-mentioned broods may be stated to be that from two to three days’ forcing during the last parts of the pupal stage may be enough to affect the colouring, and in many cases to a very marked degree. (f) Ordinary indoor temperature, followed by low temperature. —Another experiment, partly founded on an accidental occurrence, shows corresponding results, from the exposure of part of a summer brood to the lower “cooling”? temperature. A red brood of the third generation, fed up rapidly, and rather unexpectedly pupated before the middle of August. They were brought indoors, where more than a dozen were found to have emerged on the 21st August at the ordinary temperature of the room. The remainder were the markings and colouring of Lepidoptera. 161 then placed in the refrigerator, where by the 6th September twenty more had emerged. All are slightly darker than their forced red parents of the second generation, but such as emerged after the 15th September, 7. e., after twenty-six days of the low temperature, are decidedly darker than the others. A light uncooled male and another cooled are given as Figs. 1 and 2 in the Plate. The conclusions to be drawn from this experiment seem to be (1) that keeping the pupz at the ordinary room temperature, probably about 65° to 70°, made the moths slightly darker than their parents, which were forced; (2) that at the low temperature of the refri- gerator, averaging at this time, I should think, about 43°, three or four weeks did not represent, in pupal progress of development, more than two or three days of a forcing temperature, the lower temperature, as in the other cases, producing a darkness of colouring. i In connection with the effect produced by moderate differences of temperature, I may here mention that in two broods of wllustraria pupe, kindly brought up for me by Mr. Weldon at Plymouth, and kept indoors, some that emerged within a day or two of their arrival in June and July are conspicuously darker in colouring than the rest of the broods which were forced. I should think it impro- bable that the unforced ones had been at a lower average tempera- ture than 60°. EXPERIMENTS ON HE. AUTUMNARIA. The other systematic experiments tried were with H. autwmnaria. Dr. Chapman kindly sent me two large batches of eggs, the moths from which I found, after a few had been forced, were very similar; and after a time I mixed the larve. (g) Forcing all through, or brief cooling followed by forcing.— Some were forced all through as pup; others were cooled for 8, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21 days, then forced, emerging in from 10 to 15 days of the forcing temperature. Thirty moths emerged (rejecting cripples). There are considerable individual differences among these, but the only great difference of a general character is that after about 14 or 17 days’ cooling the colouring and markings are less vivid, the ground colour is dulled, the spotting blurred, the outer line broadened, and the inner line shows a tendency to disappear. (h) Cooling, followed by an ordinary indoor temperature.— Others, after being cooled for 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 28 days were then, instead of being forced, kept at the ordinary temperature of the room, averaging, I think, about 65° to 70° in July, till they emerged, which they did, to the number of 20 (rejecting cripples), in from 13 to 21 days. These, also showing considerable individual TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND, 1891,—PaRT I, (MARCH.) M 162 = Mr. F. Merrifield on conspicuous effects on variation, are, as a rule, very decidedly darker than those which had been finally forced, viz. (9). (t) Cooling five or six weeks, followed by forcing.—Other larve were sleeved, and pupated during the first three weeks of August. They were ‘‘cooled”’ within a few days after pupation, and taken out of the refrigerator on the 14th September, 7.e., after about five or six weeks, and forced, emerging in from six to eight days (a few of them being taken out of the forcing-box, and replaced in the refrigerator when the colouring of the perfect moth began to show ; there is no marked difference in those so treated). The colouring of all, though dull, is not particularly dark, decidedly not so dark as in those of experiment (i). About twenty emerged (rejecting cripples). (7) Cooling five or six weeks, followed by different tempera- tures.—Others, which had been cooled for five or six weeks, were afterwards placed at the ordinary outdoor temperature, averaging about 56° at 8 a.m., emerging in from 123 to 21 days, some of them being on the eighth day placed at the ‘‘ cooling” temperature, and emerging in from 2} to 163 days more; others, being on the eighth day forced, and emerging in from 23 to 5 days afterwards. About sixteen emerged (rejecting cripples). Nearly all, except those thus forced, are dark, most very dark; those cooled being little, if at all, darker than those left at the ordinary temperature. The tendency to dulness, to the blurring of spots and broadening of the outer line, and to the disappearance of the ‘inner line,” is to be remarked in most of these included in experiment (J). Figs. 11 and 12 in the illustration represent those that were forced without any or very brief previous cooling (g); Figs. 13 and 14, those cooled several weeks, and then forced (z); Figs. 15 and 16, those cooled several weeks, and then placed at a low, or mode- rately low, temperature till emergence (/). Errects oF Moisture. Some experiments in 1888 seemed to show no difference in markings or colouring between pup of illustraria kept moist, and others in a quite dry atmosphere. This year I placed two lots, each of six pup of awtwmnaria, as soon as they had hardened, on sand kept wet in jam-pots covered with closely-fitting pieces of glass, one jam-pot (experiment /) being placed in the refrigerator 28 days, and then in the room, till the moths emerged, which four of them did in from 17 to 19 days more (two having died); the other (experiment 7) in the forcing-box, where five out of the six emerged in from 12 to 16 days. Afterwards (experiment m) four the markings and colouring of Lepidoptera. 168 more pup were placed in a flower-pot on wet moss kept saturated with water, and covered with a piece of glass and placed out of doors; all emerged, two being cripples. Similar experiments (experiments n and 0) to the first two were tried with two divisions, respectively of five and six summer pupe of tllustraria, all of which emerged, two being somewhat crippled. Two autwmnaria, out of those kept moist, are slightly darker than the average of those kept dry, though not so dark as some of these. With that exception, if it be one, there is no appreciable difference in the case of that species, and none in wlustraria, between such as were kept moist and such as were kept dry, but were in all other respects similarly treated. These results do not support the theory that exposure of the pup to moisture darkens the colour of the imago. I do not of course doubt the observations made which tend to show that some insects bred in moist situations are generally darker than the same species bred in drier localities, nor do I fail to recognise the great weight attaching to the opinion on this subject of some highly qualified authorities; indeed, it appears to me probable that, especially in countries where the difference of seasons is rather that between wetness and dryness than between warmth and coldness, moisture affects colour; but I would venture to make the remark that I believe most of the English Lepidoptera on which this effect has been observed emerge in the summer, and that wetness in summer, whether owing to a rainy mountainous locality or to the occurrence of a rainy season, causes a relatively low temperature; and it has been shown that the difference of temperature between a warm English summer and a cool one is sufficient to produce a very substantial darkening effect. EXPERIMENTS WITH OTHER LEPIDOPTERA. (p) At the end of June a few recent pupe and pupating larve of V. urtice, all probably from the same brood, were given to me by Mr. Vine; some were placed at 80°, and others in the refrigerator at about 47°. Three of the former emerged in seven days; one of the latter after five weeks’ cooling. It differs materially from the other three, the darker patches and the blue crescents having spread considerably, and the ground colour being duller.* ** This is open to the observation that it is the case of a single individual, but the inference from it is much strengthened by the statement of Mr. Jenner Weir, in the discussion which followed this paper, that so dark an example of this common Huropean species is rarely met with, and by the statement (see Weismann’s ‘Studies in Heredity,’ by Meldola) that the species becomes black in northern Jatitudes, M2 164 Mr. F. Merrifield on conspicuous effects on (q) B. quercus.—Experiments with this species have not yet been brought to a conclusion, but I have had out a number of the var. callune, from Aberdeen and Perth, at a forcing temperature ; and these are certainly lighter in colouring than the ordinary callune, and not greatly to be distinguished from the ordinary B. quercus. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS. All the experiments, so far, seem to point to the conclusions :— 1. That both the markings and the colouring of the perfect insect may be materially affected by the tem- perature to which the pupa is exposed. 2. That the markings are chiefly affected by long- continued exposure, probably previous to the time when the insect has begun to go through the changes between the central inactive stage and emergence. 3. That the colouring is chiefly affected during the penultimate pupal stage, t.e., before the colouring of the imago begins to show. 4. That a low temperature during this penultimate stage causes darkness, a high temperature during the same period having the opposite effect. 5. That, in the species operated on, a difference between 80° and 57° is sufficient to produce the extreme variation in darkness caused by temperature, a further lowering of the temperature having no further effect on it. (Taken in connexion with the others, previously published, these experiments show further that nearly the full effect in colouring may be produced by a much narrower range of temperature, viz., from 76° or 80° to 65° in autumnaria, from 73° to 60° in illustraria.) 6. That in these species dryness or moisture during the pupal period, whether during a low temperature or a high one, has little or no effect on the colouring of the imago. These conclusions may be treated as established as regards wlustraria and autumnaria. Of course a much larger number of species should be tried before they can be treated as applicable generally. I do not doubt that protective requirements, hereditary tendencies, and probably other climatic conditions than those of tem- perature, and other causes that need not be enumerated, have their part in affecting colour; but the facts the markings and colouring of Lepidoptera. 165 ascertained certainly point to the probability of some general connection between the temperature during the pupal period and the colouring of Lepidoptera. As regards the species experimented on by me, how- ever, though I am satisfied that temperature is the chief cause of the general changes of colour, as dis- tinguished from individual variations produced, there are certain slighter variations of a general character which rather indicate that other external influences also operate; and these, I hope, may be made the subject of further investigation. The results obtained appear also to indicate that pro- bably some local climatic varieties, and even seasonal varieties, may be found to be, in part at least, tempera- ture forms of the individual; and, looked at from this point of view, they appear to me to lend some support to Lord Walsingham’s theory as to the advantages derived by an insect in a cold region from being of a dark colour, for they show that, if that is an advantage, it is one that can be acquired, not only by a race for use in a cold locality, but by imdividuals for use in a cold season. I think it quite clear that if a cool week super- vened in Southern England between the beginning and the middle of July, or a hot week in the middle of April, at either of which times many of the pupe of ulustraria would be in what I have called the penultimate pupal stage, most of these insects which it found in that stage would have their colouring affected. It would appear that even two or three hot days, if they came exactly at the right period, would be enough for the purpose; and I need hardly observe that it is very unlikely that these are the only species that would be so affected. There is another general suggestion which I venture to make in concluding. If Prof. Weismann’s theory is accepted, that the existing forms of most European and some North American Lepidoptera have come to us from a glacial period or climate, and that icing the pupa causes the insect to ‘‘ throw back” to its earlier form, then experiments, of the kind tried, on the pup might assist us in tracing the evolution of the markings on the wings of some of the most highly developed modern forms. Taste I.—IJilustraria pupe (‘red a”) iced 14 weeks, afterwards forced for varying periods, then exposed to outdoor temperature, averaging 56°. Manes. F'pMaues. Days. Days. No.| Forced. | Placed outdoors. Emerged. == : No.| Forced. | Placed outdoors. merged. sae \Forced| Outd. | Total. Forced! Outd. | Total. 1 | 25 ix, 8 a.m.) 27 ix, 7 a.m. 7 x, 6.30 a.m. 2 10 12 1 | 25 ix, 8 a.m.) 27 ix, 7 a.m. 6 x, 5 p.m. 2 | 94 | 114 2 3 7 28 ix, 7 a.m. 4 x, 7.30 a.m. 3 6 9 2 he 5 28 ix, 7 a.m. Die (east 3 7 10 3 7" » | 291x, 6.30a.m. | 3x, 8 a.m. 4 4 8 3 a i | PBs Opes | Pox, lajayae, 4 34 74 4 on Pr 30 ix, 6.30 a.m. | 30 ix, 5 p.m. 5 4 54 4 hg A 0 0 0 30 ix, 6.30 a.m. 5 OS ane 5 0 ” Lost. 5 rs * 0 0 () | BY sie, Wf masa, 5 0 5 6 46 - 0 0 0 | 30 ix, 6.30 a.m. 5 0 5 6 3 r 0 0 0 | 30 ix, 5 p.m. 54 0 53 Taste I.—Same; but, after icing, first placed outdoors, at about 56°, for varying periods, then forced. Nice x PmMALES. | Days. Days. | No. See Forced. Emerged. ane No. a ieee Forced. Emerged. | ——_— - [ OUULOOTS: Outd. |Forced| Total. : 'Outd. |Forced) Total.) 1 | 25 ix, 8a.m.| 28 ix, 7 a.m. 2 x, 6.30 a.m. 3 4 7 1 | 25 ix, 8a.m.| 28 ix, 7 a.m. This, Goons | 3 34 63 | 2 ve re 30 ix, 7 a.m. 4 x, 6.30 a.m. 5 4 9 2 5 0 30 ix, 7 a.m. 3x, 7 a.m. } oD 3 8 3 =. Boe ams 6 x, 6.30 a.m. 8 3 11 3 A 59 3 x, 7 a.m. 5 x, 7.80 a.m. 8 2 10 t 4 as ) 5 x, 7 a.m. 6 x, 5 p.m. 10 14 114 4 a ics 5 x, 7 a.m. 7x, 7 a.m. Fal) 2 12 5 ef a 7 x, 6.30 a.m. 8 x, 5 p.m. 12 14 134 5 " » | @x, 6.30 a.m. SRxe 6.30 a.m. | 12 fj] a1} 6 . ies 8 x, 7 a.m. 9 x, 6.30 p.m. 13 1 14 6 < og || th bey Pf Bletony Died. q he 5 0 0 0 14 x, 9 a.m. 19 0 19 7 + ete) 0 0 11 x, 6.30 a.m. 16 0 | 16 Silos >» | © © 9D IOS Sk0bse, | me O | i Seilee a ot Oo © “OW Badea | OIG | 1G | eh Markings and colouring of Lepidoptera. 167 P.S.—Notre.—March, 1891. I am now able to add that the colouring of the spring emergence of illustraria is as much, or nearly as much, affected by temperature during the penultimate pupal period as is that of the summer emergence. This has been established in the case of three different broods, portions of each having been subjected to temperatures of 60° and 80° respectively ; the latter often in colouring very closely approach the light chestnut-orange summer type. This is interesting in reference to Prof. Weismann’s theory, that in cases of this kind the moth from the summer pupa can be caused to resemble that from the winter pupa, but not vice versd, as it shows that either form is equally ready, on the suitable temperature stimulus being applied, to assume the characteristic appearance of the other, so far as colouring is concerned. In other respects my observations are in accord with that theory. Thus, I have never been able to cause the moth from the winter pupa to take the markings proper to the moth from the summer pupa, whereas the moth from the summer pupa can be made in markings to resemble almost exactly that from the winter pupa; nor have I been able to cause the moth from the winter pupa to emerge in a period approaching in brevity that of the summer pupa; indeed, in the great majority of cases, the early and continued exposure of the winter pupa to a temperature of 80°, or even 60°, caused its death.—F. M. 168 Fie. Fies. Fias. Markings and colouring of Lepidoptera. EXPLANATION OF Puatre IX. S. cllustraria. 1. Summer brood, ¢, not cooled. 2. Same brood, g, cooled in its later pupal stages. 3(¢), 4(2). Summer brood, forced at 80° till emergence. 5(d), 6(2). Same brood, iced 12 weeks, then forced at 80° till emergence. 7(d), 8(2). Same brood, iced 12 weeks, then placed at about 57° till emergence. 9(¢),10(¢2). Hxamples of ordinary spring emergence. The resemblance of Figs. 5 and 6 to Figs. 3 and 4 in colouring, to Figs. 7 and 8 in markings, will be noticed. EH. autumnaria. 11 ($),12(¢@). Forced at 80° till emergence. 18 (f),14(2). Iced 5 weeks, then forced at 80° til emergence. 15 (gf), 16 (@). Iced 5 weeks, then placed at about 57° till emergence. (UG) )) VI. On some recent additions to the list of South African butterflies. By Rozanp Trimen, F.R.S., F.L.S., Curator of the South African Museum, Cape Town. [Read February 4th, 1891.] Tue butterflies to which I here direct notice are all natives of Eastern South Africa, and three of them appear to be undescribed, vid., Pseudonympha petula, Lycenesthes neglecta, and Zeritis Oreas. The last-named species is a very distinct form, isolated from its known congeners by the peculiar characters indicated. Of the three species already known, one, Acrea Admatha, Hewits., is a native of tropical Western Africa; while the remaining two, Acrea Ubewra, Hewits., and Lycena Antanossa, Mabille, inhabit Madagascar. Both the Acree present some divergence from the typical forms. Family NYMPHALIDA. Subfamily SATYRINA. Genus PseuponympHa, Wallengren. Pseudonympha petula, n. sp. Hap. al. ($) 1 in. 63—9 lin.; (2) 1in. 9} lin. Nearly allied to P. Trimenit, Butl.* 3. Lather dark brown; fore wing with an undivided large deep fulvous patch occupying all central area, hind wing with a small discal ill-defined one; bipupillate subapical black ocellus of - fore wing large, markedly oblique. Fore wing: Fulvous patch extending from near base as far as subapical ocellus (which it almost half encircles), filling nearly all discoidal cell, and descending a little below part of median nervure and its first nervule ; external border of patch encroaching more or less on dull yellowish grey ring of ocellus, but not sharply defined below the ocellus ; upper border of patch rather sharply indented by ground colour at extremity of discoidal cell; between end of cell and ocellus an irregular dark brown thin transverse streak which usually becomes obsolescent * Cat. Sat. Brit. Mus., p. 94, n. 6 (1868). TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—PART I. (MARCH.) SS ———— 170 Mr. R. Trimen on some recent additions or obsolete inferiorly, about where it takes a strong outward deflection between 2nd and 1st median nervures; ocellus varying from large to very large, elongated obliquely, so that the lower of its two conspicuous white pupils is wholly beyond the upper; its investing ring usually rather obscure ; a submarginal dark brown or fuscous streak (touched by outermost part of ring of ocellus), and also a similar hind-marginal terminal streak. Hind wing: Small fulvous patch beyond middle extending above 3rd and below 2nd median nervules, and bounded externally by a submarginal fuscous streak like that in fore wing; a little before this streak, between 2nd subcostal and 1st median nervules, a series of four small black ocelli, distinctly unipupillate with white, but very indistinctly ringed with dull yellowish grey; of these ocelli the uppermost is much or very much smaller than the others, and in one specimen it is wanting altogether; a terminal hind-marginal fuscous streak as in fore wing. UNDER siDE.—Paler throughout ; neuration throughout hind wing and at apex of fore wing rather conspicuously whitish. Fore wing: Rufous, brighter in tint; ring of ocellus better defined ; apex irrorated with whitish, which also forms a line immediately before submarginal blackish streak (between that streak and ocellus); before middle, costa and both sides of inflated costal nervure edged with whitish. Hind wing: Of the three transverse blackish streaks, the subbasal and median ones are irregular, angulated, and strongly marked, the inner edge of the former and the outer edge of the latter being bounded by whitish clouding more or less freckled with short dark brown lineole, and the submarginal one is slender, slightly sinuated, and bounded inwardly throughout and outwardly in its inferior part by narrow whitish clouding; basal and inner-marginal areas more or less clouded with whitish, and more closely freckled with dark brown lineole than rest of wing; edge of costa near base, and a line from base to hind margin midway between submedian nervure and median nervure and its first nervule, whitish; a white fringe of hairs along inner margin and at anal angle; row of ocelli as on upper side, but consisting of five instead of four, the additional ocellus being between the subcostal nervules. @. Like 3’, but larger and rather paler. (Described from five males and one female.) This form is readily recognised by the large size and singularly oblique elongation of the ocellus of the fore wing. It further differs from its near ally, P. Trimenii, in the following features, vid., 1o, large size; 20, one large continuous field of rufous in the fore wings instead to the list of South African butterflies. 171 of two small rather widely separated patches; 30, better developed rufous patch and more distinct ocelli in the hind wings; and, on the under side of the hind wings, 4o, absence of the deeply bifurcate longitudinal whitish streak in the discoidal cell; 50, much stronger dark brown (almost blackish) freckling ; 60, different direction and angulation of median transverse dark streak, which is also more strongly developed. The South African Museum acquired a solitary 3 of this butterfly in 1879; it was taken in the Hastern Transvaal (Lydenburg District) by Mr. T. Ayres. 1 did not think it advisable to found a new species on this specimen, as it might have been merely an aberration of P. Trimenii; but, in 1889, Mr. J. M. Hutchinson sent several examples (including one ?) of the same form, which he had taken, in August and September, on the Natal side of the Drakensberg, at an elevation of about 7000 ft. He has since informed me that it was numerous at that height, flying rather swiftly and continuously for a Satyride; but that it was out fora very short time, not appearing after the 15th September, and was not noticed at any lower station. Hab. Natal: Drakensberg (alt. 7000 ft.). Transvaal : Lydenberg District. Subfamily ACRCGIIN AL. Genus Acraa, Fab. Acrea Admatha, Hewits. Acrea Admatha, Hewits., Exot. Butt., iii., p. 15, pl. 8 (Acrea, i1.), ff. 16, 17 (1865). [3 .] This butterfly belongs to the Horta group, but is dis- tinguished from that species and its allies by the broad dark border of the hind wings, completely enclosing six large round spots of the ground colour. The type figured by Hewitson is noted as a native of Old Calabar, and other examples in the Hewitson Col- lection are recorded from Angola ; while specimens from Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast are in the South African Museum and my own cabinet. _ Not until 1888 was I aware that this species occurred in extra-tropical South Africa. A single 2? example, taken at Etshowe, Zululand, in January, 1887, was then 172 Mr. R. Trimen on some recent additions presented to me by Capt. A. M. Goodrich, of the Innis- killing Fusiliers. Recently I have received, from Major J. 8. D’Aguilar, a fg and a @? taken by him at the same station in 1886; and lastly, Mr. Cecil N. Barker has presented to the Museum a ? taken by him at Malvern, near D’Urban, Natal, on the 14th April, 1890. These southern examples differ from the typical West African specimens in the form of the black spots of the hind wings, which is not nearly so rounded ; the discal series of those spots is also less irregular and more con- tinuous (the 8rd and 4th spots being nearer to the extremity of the discoidal cell), while the subbasal spot in the cell is wanting, and that immediately below it is crescentic. In the southern ¢ example, moreover, the dull brick-red of the basi-inner-marginal area of the fore wings is superiorly more extended, covering the lower half of the discoidal cell, and the discal series of indistinct fuscous spots is obsolete. This discal series of fore-wing spots is, however, present in all the three southern females. Until more South African specimens are known, it must remain uncertain whether the differences pointed out are constant. In the females the red of the ¢ is wanting, being replaced by a dull creamy or brownish creamy tint. Hab. Zululand: Etshowe. Natal: Malvern, near D’ Urban. Acrea Obeira, Hewits. Acrea Obeira, Hewits., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, 65 p. 65. A. Pwa, Guén., Vinson Voy. Madag., Ann., p. 34. A. Obeira, Mab., Grandid. Hist. Phys., &c., Madag., Lep., 1., p. 95, and Atl., pl. 94, f. 7, and pl. 10, ff. 5 and 6 (1886—$87). This is another species of the Horta group, and has hitherto been known from Madagascar only. Its in- clusion in the South African fauna is due to my valued correspondents, Major J. 8. D’Aguilar and Mr. Cecil N. Barker, the former having sent me a 2? captured at Esthowe in Zululand, in 1886, and the latter a 2 taken at Malvern, near D’Urban, on the 14th April, 1890. I give the following descriptions of these specimens, vid. -— to the list of South African butterflies. 178 _ 9. Heap. al. 2 in. 2—8 lin. Transparent, with a dull fuscous apical and hind-marginal border in both wings ; hind wing, and (more faintly) basal half of fore wing as far as extremity of discoidal cell and obliquely to posterior angle, very dull brick-red; fore wing without markings, hind wing with numerous black spots. Hind wing: A spot in cell close to base, and another about or a little beyond middle of cell; 5 subbasal spots—one costal, and four between median nervure and inner margin; two small spots, obliquely placed, marking extremity of discoidal cell; a discal superiorly strongly outward-curving series of 8 spots from costa to inner margin, the last three being considerably larger than the rest (the drd, 4th, and 5th spots are obsolete in the Zululand specimen) ; fuscous hind-marginal border ill-defined on its inner edge, the neryules and internervular lines crossing it are darker. UNDER sipE.—Much duller and paler ; red in fore wing very faint, in hind wing wanting, replaced by creamy (in Natal example tinged with dull reddish before discal series of spots). Hind wing: An ad- ditional black spot at base, on costa. These South African specimens agree very well with Hewitson’s brief description (loc. cit.) of the Madagascar type. Hewitson does not mention any small red inter- nervular hind-marginal spots in the hind wings, nor is there any trace of these in the specimens just described ; but Guenée, in his description (op. cit.) of A. Piva, men- tions them, and Mabille (op. cit.) both describes and ficures them. As regards these spots, however, it should be noted that they are evidently variable alike in colour, distinctness, and number; the figures in Grandidier’s work giving six rather bright and large ones in pl. 94, f. 7; six rather small, faint, and inconspicuous ones in pl. 10, f. 5; and only three (between 3rd median nervule and submedian nervure) in pl. 10, f. 6. Hab. Zululand: EKtshowe. Natal: Malvern, near D’Urban. Madagascar: North and East (Mabille). Family LYCHNIDAi. Genus Lycmna, Fab. Lycena Antanossa, Mab. Lycena Antanossa, Mab., Bull. Soc. Ent. France, ISiieips LOM; Lamd) in Grandid:, Hist.) Physe Madag., Lep., i., p. 221, and Atlas, pl. 28, ff. 11— 14 (1885—87). 174 Mr. R. Trimen on some recent additions This Lycena is one of the Lysimon group, and so closely allied to the Indian L. Otis (Fab.)—as recognised by Butler,* De Nicéville,+ and other workers at Oriental Lepidoptera—that I have some hesitation in awarding it species-rank. The markings of the under side agree with those of Otis (Singalese specimens), but its ground colour is paler and less brownish. It is the singular silvery bluish of the upper side that best distinguishes Antanossa, resembling as it does the tint exhibited by the males of the Huropean LZ. Damon, W. Y., and Corydon, Scop., though less brilliant; for in Otis the blue is distinctly violaceous, as in Lysimon. The hind- marginal series of dark and whitish marks on the upper side of the hind wings is also a distinctive feature ; and in size (exp. al. g 114—1 in. 03 lin., 2 1 in. Of lin.) the insect is notably larger than Otis. As long ago as March, 1867, I met with two examples of this butterfly in Natal, and recorded at the time its apparent distinctness from L.Kuysna, mihi (=Lysimon, Hubn.); but it was not until quite recently that Major D’Aguilar recalled my attention to the form by for- warding a pair from Maritzburg, and representing the apparently constant characters (notably the want on the under side of the spot in the discoidal cell of the fore wings) which separated it from Lysimon. ~- Other speci- mens from Natal have since reached me, vid.: one from Mr. J. M. Hutchinson, taken at Estcourt, Weenen District, and three from Mr. A. D. Millar, taken near D’ Urban. , The ¢ differs from the. ¢ in being rather darker, and in the restriction of the silvery bluish of the upper side, which in one example is reduced to some indistinct scaling in basal half of fore wings, and is absent in the hind wings. Thad described this butterfly as a distinct form, not identifying it with Antanossa, Mab., until carefully comparing it with the excellent figures above cited. Major D’Aguilar writes that he had taken a good many specimens in the Maritzburg District, but on the coast Mr. Millar has noticed but few. My own captures * Cat. Fab. Diurn. Lep., p. 169, pl. ii., ff. 8, 11 (1869). + Butt. India, &c., i., p. 119, pl. xxvi., f. 175 (1890). to the list of South African butterflies. 175 were made respectively at Udland’s Mission Station and Mapumulo, in the Umooti and Lower Tugela Districts. M. Mabille states that it appears to be rare in Mada- gascar. Hab. Natal: coast and inland districts. Madagascar. Genus LycmnistHeEs, Moore. Lycenesthes neglecta, n. sp. Allied to L. Liodes, Hewits. So. Heap. al. 1 in. 0}—1 lin. Cupreous violaceous; a common hind-marginal linear black edging ; cilia greyish white in fore wing, white in hind wing. Hind wing: In three of five examples a small indistinct hind- marginal fuscous spot between Ist and 2nd median nervules. UNDER sIDE.—Browmish grey, with a slight ochreous tinge ; in each wing a double darker streak (enclosing one of the ground colour) at extremity of discoidal cell, the whole marking being white-edged on both sides; a discal fascia, very strongly incurved inferiorly, composed of confluent spots like marking at end of cell ; two submarginal rows of whitish lunules enclosing spots slightly darker than ground-colour ; and a hind-marginal terminal black line, bounded inwardly by a very indistinct whitish edging. Fore wing: No marking before extremity of cell; discal fascia more irregular than in Liodes, the 4th and dth spots bevng three-fourths before the swpertor ones, and the 6th three-fourths before the 5th (so as to be quite as near base as terminal disco-cellular spot). Hind wing : Discal fascia not so sharply biangulated inferiorly as in Lnodes, its first spot different from the rest, fascous, and in a complete white ring; swbhcostal spot nearer base also similarly different from that in Liodes, being quite round and black in a white ring; of three hind-marginal black spots near anal angle, the Ist and 8rd are always distinct, dusted with greenish silvery, and edged interiorly by an orange lunule; but the 2nd is indistinct, without orange lunule, and in three of five examples is obsolete. The colour of the upper side, the browner (more ochraceous) tint of the under side, and the differences of marking italicised in the above description, distinguish this species from its near ally, L. Liodes; the under side markings, indeed, approximate it to the larger L. Sylvanus (in which, however, the hind wing has three subbasal white-ringed spots instead of one only). 176 Mr. R. Trimen on some recent additions I took an example of this butterfly in Natal in 1867, and in 1871 received another, captured at D’Urban by the late Mr. M. J. McKen. I regarded these as a probable ‘‘ sport’”’ of Liodes; but both Major D’Aguilar and Mr. C. N. Barker have recently (1889—90) sent me other examples, taken respectively at Maritzburg and Malvern, and pointed out their distinctness from the species in question; and this additional material has convinced me that the form is entitled to recognition as a species. Mr. Barker’s two specimens were taken respectively on 19th January and 8rd April, 1890, the former ‘‘on Mimosa flowers.” The female is still unknown to me. Hab. Natal: D’Urban, Malvern (near D’Urban), and Maritzburg. Genus Zeritis, Boisd. Zeritis Oreas, n. sp. Not nearly allied to any known species, but as regards the upper side nearer to the Zewxo group. Hep. al.(3) 11 lin.; (2) 1 im. 1 lin. $. Submetallic golden orange, with black spots and hind- marginal border; cilia long, black, with conspicuous white inter- ruptions at extremity of nervules. Fore wing: Base paler on costa; two small spots before middle—one in discoidal cell, the other just below origin of 1st median nervule; a subreniform terminal disco-cellular spot ; above and a little beyond last-named spot, a much smaller one, close to costa; a discal row of six rather large spots, irregular by the projection of the 3rd and 5th beyond the rest,—the 6th (below 1st median nervule) in one example divided longitudinally ; costa narrowly edged with black from a little before extremity of cell to apex; hind-marginal border rather broad, especially at apex, and narrowing very gradually to posterior angle. Hind wing: Costal border rather broadly black; base slightly dusky; inner-marginal groove wholly dusky grey ; between 1st subcostal and 1st median nervules, a discal row of 5 spots, of which the 2nd and 4th are smaller and slightly before the rest; hind-marginal border broad apically and as far as 3rd median nervule, but thence very narrow to anal angle, sharply indented throughout (but more deeply in narrow inferior portion) by the ground colour on nervules; anal angle with rather an acute pro- jection. UNnpER sipe.—Hind wing and apex of fore wing pale dull ochreous yellow, varied with black spots and shining—almost to the list of South African butterflies. LUT silvery—white liture. Fore wing: Dull pale orange-yellow ; black spots as on upper side, but the subbasal one below 1st median nervule expanded into a longitudinal bar from base; an additional small round spot in cell close to base, and another (more elongate) on costa above and a little before terminal disco-cellular spot ; costa bordered with pale dull ochreous yellow; a regular sub- marginal series of six large black spots, of which the upper three are sagittiform (and the 4th subsagittiform) and bounded externally by >-shaped liture, shining white next spots but pale yellowish externally ; extremities of these liture convergent at white nervular interruptions of fuscous cilia; a hind-marginal series of minute black spots, succeeded by a pre-ciliary black line interrupted on nervules ; two small costal spots and first two spots of discal series bounded externally (the upper of the two latter spots also bounded internally) by a longitudinal white mark. Hind wing: Discal series consisting of 8 black spots slightly tinged with purplish ferruginous ; from near base to discal spots run three longitudinal shining white stripes, vid. ; between costal and subcostal nervures, —through discoidal cell,—and between median and submedian nervures ; these stripes are broken by the following purplish black spots, vid.; the superior one by two (basal and median), the middle one by two (median and premedian), the lower one by one (median) ; 1st and 2nd spots of discal row bounded externally (the 2nd also internally) by elongated shining white marks; the last- named mark forms the commencement of a regular hind-marginal series of 7 >-shaped liture, like those in apical portion of fore wing, but longer, more acute, and bounded internally not by separate black spots, but by a continuous fuscous streak (diffuse inwardly) throughout; cilia as in fore wing, but the dark portion mixed with ochreous yellow ; a hind-marginal series of black spots (rather larger and more diffuse than in fore wing), and a thin black pre-ciliary line. 9. Larger, paler, and duller, with less of submetallic gloss ; markings as in g. Hind wing: Lower portion of basal area. before discal spots obscurer; apical portion of hind-marginal border narrower. UNDER sIDE.—Paler and duller. This very distinct species is not nearly related to any South African congener. The upper side much resembles: that of Chrysophanus Orus (Cram.), and also that of Zeritis Zohra, Donzel,* from North Africa; as regards. the South African species of Zeritis, this surface of the wings is on the whole (though more strongly spotted, * Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 2me Ser., v., pl. 8, f. 5 (1847). TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—parT I. (MARCH.) N 178 Inst of South African butterflies. and with darker basal areas) more like that of the rare Z. Chrysantas, Trim. A singular difference between the two forms is exhibited in the cilia, the conspicuous white interruptions of which in Oreas are at the ex- tremity of the nervules, while in Chrysantas—as well as in all others of the genus known to me in which this character occurs—they are inter-nervular. In the structural features of the antenne and palpi, and in the shape of the wings, Oreas also agrees with Chrysantas. The under side is, as regards the hind wings, quite unique in pattern and marking, though the >-shaped hind-marginal lituree which it (m common with the apex of the fore wings) presents remind one of the similar (but reversed and much brighter silvery) markings in the otherwise wholly different Z. Wallengrenti, Trim. The total absence of any steely or brassy centres in the black spots of both wings is further a highly peculiar feature in the under side of Z. Oreas. The discovery of this notable addition to the genus Zeritis is due to Mr. J. M. Hutchinson, who thus de- scribes how he met with the insect at an elevation of about 7000 ft. in the Drakensberg Mountains, Natal, vid. :—‘ The first specimen I saw I failed to capture, owing to my net becoming disjointed ; and for a week or ten days subsequently I searched for another without success. But hurrying home to my cave from a thunder- storm, while a heavy wind was blowing, one of the new Zeritis was blown against my leg, and, lighting there, was soon boxed. In less than five minutes I had taken eight, including a pair in copuld. ‘The insect was very local, not occurring over more than two or three acres of eround. Its flight is near the ground, but very rapid and very suddenly interrupted. Unless one rose,—when five or six others would join in the flight,—they sat very close, and even sweeping the net over them would not make them rise. I took eighteen specimens.” Hab. Natal: Drakensberg (alt. 7000 ft.). CTY ALTES) 3) VII. A Monograph of the Lycenid genus Hypochrysops, with descriptions of new species. By Hamiuron H. Drucs, F.E.S. [Read December 3rd, 1890. ] Puates X. & XI. HYPocHRYSOPS. Thecla, sect. Hypochrysops, Feld., Wien. Ent. Mon., iv., p. 248 (1860). Hypochrysops, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep., i1., p. 251 (1865). Miletus (part), Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 71 (1816). Miletus (part), Westw., Gen. Diurnal Lep., p. 502 (1852). Miletus, Butler, Cat. Fabr., p. 159 (1870). No list of the species of this beautiful genus of butter- flies has been published since Mr. Kirby’s Catalogue ; but a few species have been described, and in the present paper I have added five more, viz., four from the Solomon Islands, belonging to Messrs. Godman and Salvin, to whom my best thanks are due for their kind- ness in allowing me the use of their specimens, and one from Australia. Unfortunately very few of these insects have been delineated, and I find that out of the thirty- two species here enumerated, ten only have been figured; and amongst the unfigured species are five described by the late Mr. Hewitson, and now in the collection which bears his name in the British Museum. These I have had carefully drawn, and propose repre- senting them on the plates. Although by following certain lepidopterists, Hubner’s name Miletus should take priority, as the first species mentioned by him is the P. polycletus, Linn., yet I prefer, seeing that these insects have become so well known under Felder’s name, to use his name Hypo- chrysops. Again, Felder has definitely characterised the TRANS. ENT, SOC. LOND. 1891.—PaRT Il. (JUNE.) 0 180 Mr. Hamilton H. Druce’s Monograph genus, whereas Hubner placed together under his name forms that are abundantly distinct, without any remark as to which should be the type of his genus. By following this rule, Hubner’s name will not be required, as the other species mentioned by him, P. symethus, Cr., has been taken as the type of another genus (Gerydus) by Boisduval, who has been followed by recent authors. Iam unable to follow Mr. de Nicéville when he states (Butt., India, Burmah, and Ceylon, ii., p. 21, 1890) :— First, that probably this genus (Miletus) belongs to his Gerydus group, as the shape of the wings of the majority of the species and the normal legs would appear to point to a close relationship to his Poritia group; secondly, when he states that the genus Hypochrysops, as distinct from Miletus, includes very different insects. Now by comparing the legs, palpi, and arrangement of the nervules of the two types, it will be found that there is no appreciable difference, and I can detect no characters whereby to satisfactorily separate the following species into distinct genera. But, for the sake of convenience, I have divided the species into the three following groups, viz. :— _ Group I.—Costa of fore wings arched; Ist and 2nd median nervules of hind wing produced, so as to form blunt tails. Group II.—Apex of fore wing pointed; hind wing more produced at anal angle than at apex. Group III.—Costa of fore wing arched; hind wing more produced at apex than at anal angle. It is true, however, that in group II. the 3rd branch of the subcostal nervure is emitted slightly higher up, and that the lower median nervule is rather more curved outwardly than in groups I. and III.; but these slight differences are, in my opinion, insufficient for generic distinction. - The curious crease between the lower median nervule and the submedian nervure, which is found in many genera of the Lycenide, is particularly well developed in some species of this genus, notably H. eucletus and H. anacletus, giving them almost the appearance of having an additional nervure. The butterflies of this genus inhabit the Indo-Australian region, principally New Guinea and the adjacent islands, of the Lycenid genus Hypochrysops. 181 and individually seem to have a very limited range, extending northwards to Gilolo, southwards to New South Wales, eastwards to the Solomon Islands, and westwards to Nias Island, W. Sumatra; no species, however, being recorded between that island and the Island of Timor. The majority of the species are exceedingly difficult to procure, and very few collections contain a representative series. The following Table will show at a glance the locali- ties of the species at present described, but there are, doubtless, many new forms yet to be received. Thursday I N. Australia S. Wales W. Australia Nias Island, Maleita Island Queensland | Kaioa Batchian Ceram Amboina Saparua Aru Islands | New Guinea New Britain Guadaleanar I. Solomon Is. Solomon Is. Fauro Island Solomon Is. Timor | Gilolo | Waigiou Hypochrysops polycletus .. hypocletus .. HOD ee A ere Ca epicletus.... aL TOvena .... cts Ife halyetus dicomas .... aL ignita epicurus .... delicia .... = apelles .... ose ele te oe chrysanthis . + hypates .... + hecalius .... 1 + + - + + + ++ + + + celisparsus . a eucletus .... |+ fee) zi narcissus .. + WOUUS) 0%. «« | +? protogenes .. pythias .... anacletus .. Sie eteil ate zeuzis .... |-+ scintillans .. Hells cratevas.... de architas .... ae seuthes .... | ae arronica.... | \+} | alyattes .. aul | doleschalli .. ab CREO cassce + herdonius .. hippuris .. ++ ++ +++ W. Sumatra 182 Mr. Hamilton H. Druce’s Monograph Group I. Hypochrysops polycletus. (Pl. XI., fig. 15, harpago). Papilio polycletus, Linn., 8. N. 1., p. 485, n. 166 (1758) ; Mus UI p. d30, NOL so. Noes ope e Toe No. 265 (1767). P. polycletes, Clerck, Icones, t. 17, f. 2 (1764); P. polycletes, Cram., Pap. Ex., II., t. 159, F. a. (1779) ; Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 584 (1775). Polyommatus polycletus, Godt., Hine. Méth., ix., p. 661, no. 151 (1828). Miletus polycletus, Butl., Cat. Fabr. Lep., p. 159 (1870). Hypochrysops polycletus, Kirby, Synon. Cat., p. 3878 (1871). H. polycletus, Pagenst., Lep. Fauna Amboina, p. 48 (1884) ; Schmett. Amboina, p. 12 (1888). FH, polycletus, Staugr., Exot. Schmett., pl. xciv. (1888). H. polycletus, Ribbe, Deutsch. Kntom. Zeitschr., p. 254, n. 117 (1890). 3, Papilio epopus, Cram., Pap. Ex., iv., t. 868, Ga. H. (1782). Hab. Batchian (Ster.), Mus. G. & §.; Timor, B. M. (?); Ceram (Wallace & Ribbe), Mus. G. & S., B. M., Hew. Coll.; Amboyna, Mus. G. & S., D., B. M., Hew. Coll.; Saparua, Mus. Crowley. There is a gf specimen in the British Museum from Timor, and another in the Hewitson Collection, labelled ‘ Batchian,” in which the black marginal borders are about three times as wide as in typical specimens. These may possibly belong to a distinct species. The under sides, however, do not seem to differ from those of H. poly- cletus. It may be named atromarginata, var. or species. In the Hewitson Collection in the British Museum, under the name polycletus, are placed specimens of H. rex, Boisd., from New Guinea; H. polycletus, Linn., from Ceram and Amboyna, the broad-bordered form referred to above; and a single ? specimen of H. hypo- cletus, Oberth., from New Guinea. Hypochrysops hypocletus. (Pl. X., fig. 1). Hypochrysops hypocletus, Oberthur, Ann. Mus. Genoy., xv., p. 521, 1880. 3. Upper side rich purple-blue. Allied to H. polycletus, Linn., from which it differs on the under side by the absence of. all red of the Lycenid genus Hypochrysops. 183 markings on the fore wing, except at the base, and also by the inner marginal area being greyish white. The red spots on the costal half of hind wings are broadly bordered with black, and on the anal half have almost entirely disappeared (in some specimens), and are replaced by black; the ground colour of both wings being a much blacker colour. ?. Allied to H. polycletws, but with the white fascia extending over the whole of the cell. Under side: Fore wing with the white fascia much more extensive, and reaching close to the base. Hind wing as g. Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs as in H. polycletus, but the antenne much less distinctly annulated with white. Hab. Waigiou (Wallace, Platen), Mus., G. & &., B. M., Oberth.; New Guinea; Andai, Salvatti (A. A. Bruijn), Mus. G. & §., Oberth. This species, which has been confounded with the preceding, is abundantly distinct, the whitish inner- marginal area of the under side of the fore wing of 3, which makes the sexes appear much alike, easily separating them; and in a good series of specimens I can detect no variation. M. Oberthur, in his description (as a possible variety), compares it with H. epicletus (H. rex), but it seems to me more nearly allied to the Linnean species, H. polycletus. Hypochrysops rex. (Pl. X., figs. 2, 3). Simethus rex, Boisd., Voy. Astr. Lep., p. 72 (1832). 2. Miletus rex, Westw., Gen. D. Lep., p. 502 (1852) (!). M. rex, Kirby, Synon. Cat., p. 386, No. 4 (1871). M. epicletus, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. (4), xviil., p. 244 (1876). Hypochrysops epicletus, Kirsch, M. T., Mus. Dresd., 1., p. 127 (1877). Hi. epicletus, Oberthur, Ann. Mus. Genov., xv., p. 521 (1880). Hab. New Guinea, Port Moresby (Goldie & Mathew), Mus., G. & §., D.; Geelvink Bay (H. O. Forbes), Mus. D.; Central New Guinea (D’Albertis), Mus. G. & S.; Kordo, Rubi; Wawiji (Kirsch) ; 8. New Guinea (Oberth.) ; ne Dorey (Boisd.); Dinner I. (H. O. Forbes), us. D. This species is to be found in most collections, and, next to H. polycletus, Linn., is perhaps the best known in the genus, but was apparently only known from the 184 Mr. Hamilton H. Druce’s Monograph description of the type for a considerable time, which caused it to be doubtfully placed in Miletus by West- wood in 1852, and by Kirby as late as 1871. A $ from Geelvink Bay, N. W. New Guinea, has almost entirely lost the red in the cell of the fore wing below, and the metallic-green spots are generally smaller. There can be no doubt that Kirsch has redescribed the 2 of H. rex. Hypochrysops epicletus. Thecla epicletus, Felder, Wien. Ent. Mon., iu1., p. 324, n. 25, t. 6, f. 3 (1859). Ilypochrysops epicletus, Kirby, Synon. Cat., p. 378 (1871) _H. epicletus, Ribbe, Iris, iii., p. 85 (1886). Hab. Aru Is. (Wallace, Ribbe), Mus. G. & S., B. M. This species is closely allied to the preceding, from which it is very difficult to distinguish it; and it is probable that when Felder described it he was unac- quainted with the ¢ of Boisduval’s species, at least he does not mention it in his description, but refers to Hi. polycletus, Linn. It can, perhaps, be distinguished by the somewhat ereater extent of black at the anal angle, and by the fascia on the fore wing of ? being purer white, and rather blunter at its outer extremity. Hypochrysops rovena, sp.n. Allied to Fr. rex, Boisd., but smaller. 3S. The black margins rather broader generally, notably on the costal margin of hind wing, where it extends almost down to the lower branch of the subcostal nervure, and also at the anal angle. Under side: Ground colour considerably lighter, and with a portion near the apex of the hind wing distinctly lighter than the general surface. ?. Similar to H. rer, 2, but suffused at the base with light blue in place of green. Under side as the § (hind wing). Hab. N. Australia; Cape Bowen, Mus. G. & S8.; Richmond River, Mus. Crowley; Queensland, Mus. D.; Cape York; Port Macquaire, B. M. This species, which has long been in collections (generally under the name rex), is distinguished from the New Guinea form by the different ¢ , and by the light patch on the under side of the hind wings, as noted above. of the Lycenid genus Hypochrysops. 185 Group IT. Hypochrysops halyetus. (Pl. X., figs. 4, 5). Hypochrysops halyetus, Hew., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1874, p- 350. 3. Wings above brilliant cerulean-blue, with the apical thirds brownish black; posterior wing with a submarginal orange band. Under side orange-yellow, with large metallic green spots along the costa and at.apex of fore wing. Hind wing with three distinct wide bands of metallic-green, the outer being composed of large oblong spots. @. As above, but lilac-blue, and with a linear orange outer margin to both wings. Expanse, 13, in. Hab. W. Australia (Swan River, Hew.), Mus. G. & S., Hew. Coll. This species, which is not allied to any other, appears to be a scarce one, as the only specimens I have come across are four in the Hewitson Collection, and ¢ one in Messrs. Godman and Salvin’ S possession. :; Hypochrysops dicomas. Hypochrysops dicomas, Hew., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1874, - p. 350. - Hab. Waigiou (Wallace), Hew. Coll. The only example of this curious little species which I have seen is the type, which is stated to bea ¢. It is dull brown on the upper side, and more rufous-brown, with metallic bluish spots and lines, on the under side. It bears a superficial resemblance to some butterflies of the family Hrycinide, viz., Anteros acanthus, Cr., and A. acanthoides, Herr-Schaff., but without the tails. Hypochrysops ignita. _ Lycena ignita, Leach, Zool. Misc., i., p. 186, t. 60, f. 1-8 (1814). Cupido igmta, Kirby, Syst. Cat., p. 876 (1871). Hypochrysops ignita, Kirby, Syst. Cat., p. 773 (1877). Hab. Australia; King George’s Sound; Moreton Bay, B.M.; Victoria, Mus.G.&S§S.; Port Denison, Hew. Coll. This species, which is in most collections, varies somewhat in the width of the black border; also in the 186 Mr. Hamilton H. Druce’s Monograph extent of the yellow on the costa, apex and nervules of the fore wings, and on the nervules of the hind wings ; the specimen, noted above, from Victoria being almost entirely yellow in these parts. Hypochrysops epicurus. Hypochrysops epicurus, Miskin, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876, p. 455. Upper side uniform shining brown, with violet reflections. Under side pale shining brown, with linear markings of brassy green. Hab. Australia; Brisbane (Miskin); Moreton Bay, Hew. Coll. Two specimens, in Hew. Coll., are the only two I have seen. As stated by Miskin, this species is allied to H.ignita, Leach, but is a much duller coloured insect. Hypochrysops delicia. (Pl. X., figs. 6, 7). Hypochrysops delicia, Hew., Ent. Monthly Mag. xi.., p. 88 (1875). Hab. Australia (Hew.); New South Wales, Hew. Coll.; Moreton Bay, B. M This species, which on the upper side is a brilliant bluish green bordered with black, much resembles Al. .gnita, Leach, on the under side, but is, however, a much larger insect. It was described by Hewitson, from a specimen in the possession of Mr. Henley Grose Smith. The only other specimens I have seen are a o in the Hewitson Collection and a @ in the British Museum. Hypochrysops apelles. Papilio apelles, Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 524, n. 342 (1775). P. apelles, Don., Ins. New Holland, t. 30, f. 2 (1805). Miletus apelles, Butl., Cat. Fab., p. 159 (1870). Hypochrysops apelles, Kirby, Syst. Cat., p. 378, n. 7 (1871). H. apelles, Mathew, P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 1885, » 205: Jé fe Pe Ribbe, Ivis, i11., p. 85 (1886). H. apelles, Staud., Exot. Schmett., pl. xciv. (1888). Hab. Queensland; N. Australia (Macleay); W. Aus- tralia, Mus. G. & §.; Thursday Island (Mathew), Mus., Druce; Aru Islands (Ribbe) ; Champion Bay; Dorey, B. M., Hew. Coll. of the Lycenid genus Hypochrysops. 187 This species, which varies considerably in size (the specimen from Dorey, a 2, being 14 in.), is apparently fairly plentiful, and is in most collections in this country. The type specimen is in the Banksian collection in the British Museum. Hypochrysops chrysanthis. Thecla chrysanthis, Feld., Sitzb. Ak. Wiss. Wien. Math. Nat. Cl., xl., p. 455, n. 26 (1860). Hypochrysops chrysanthis, Feld., Reise Noy. Lep., 11., p- 256, n. 302, t. 82, f. 1, 2 (1865). H. chrysanthis, Pagenst., Schmett. Amboina, p. 12 (1888). Hab. Amboyna (Dr. Doleschall), Mus., F. This fine species is not in any collections that I have been able to examine, and is known to me only by Dr. Felder’s figure. The description is taken froma 2. Hypochrysops hypates. (Pl. X., figs. 8, 9). Hypochrysops hypates, Hew., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1874, p. 351. Hab. Kaida (Wallace), Hew. This species, of which the only specimen known to me is the type, a ¢, in the Hewitson Collection in the British Museum, is brown, with broad black margins on the upper side, and on the under side approaches some- what to that of H. eweletus, Feld. Hypochrysops hecalius. Hypochrysops hecalius, Miskin, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1884, p. 94. Hab. Victoria (Kershaw), Mus. Miskin. This species—which is dark brown with a central patch of orange on each wing on the upper side, and chrome-yellow with transverse bands and patches edged with black and metallic blue on the under side—is known to me only from the description, and is not represented in any collections that I have been able to examine. It appears to be allied to H. hypates, Hew. Miskin describes a 2. Expanse, 1m in. 188 Mr. Hamilton H. Druce’s Monograph Hypochrysops colisparsus. (Pl. X., figs. 10, 11). Miletus celisparsus, Butl., Ann. Nat. Hist. (5), xii., p. 159 (1883). . Hypochrysops celisparsus, Kheil, Rhop. Ins. Nias, p- 80 (1884). Hab. Nias Island (W. Sumatra), B. M. The type of this species is in the British Museum. It is orange-yellow bordered with black above, whilst the under side somewhat resembles that of H. eucletus. The discovery of this species brings our knowledge of the distribution of the genus some 2000 miles further westward, as formerly H. polycletus, from Timor, was the limit in that direction; and it is curious that no species have been recorded from the various inter- vening localities at which butterflies have been collected. The figure is taken from the type specimen in the British Museum. Hypochrysops eucletus. (Pl. X., figs. 12, 18). Hypochrysops eucletus, Felder, Reise Nov. Lep., ii., p- 258, n. 299 (1865). H. eucletus, Oberthur, Ann. Mus. Genoy., xv., p. 521 (1880). H. eucletus, Ribbe, Ivis, ii1., p. 85 (1886). Hab. Gilolo (Feld.); Port Moresby, New Guinea (Goldie), Mus. G. &8.; Port Moresby (Mathew), Mus. D.; Thursday Island (Mathew); Aru Islands, B. M.; New Guinea, B. M.; Soron, New Guinea (D’Albertis), Mus. Crowley ; Waigiou (Oberth.). In three females we have from Thursday Island, the blue on the upper surface of wings is extended over a greater area than in any speci- mens I have seen from New Guinea. The ¢ of this species differs from the @ in the much more brilliant though less extensive blue of the upper side, and by the yellow ground colour on the under side of the hind wings being more or less suffused with dark purplish brown. IT have never seen a specimen from Gilolo, but the New Guinea insect appears to fit the description, and is generally considered identical. of the Lycenid genus Hypochrysops. 189 Hypochrysops narcissus. Papilio narcissus, Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 524, no. 342 (1775). P. narcissus, Don., Ins. New Holland, t. 30, f. 8 (1805). Miletus narcissus, Butl., Cat. Fabr., p. 159 (1870). fab. Australia. This species is closely allied to the preceding, but the blue on the upper surface of the hind wing is more extensive and of a much lighter hue; the oround colour of the hind wing below is considerably blacker, and the yellow, which is so distinct on H. eucletus, has almost entirely disappeared. The type specimen, a 3, which is in the Banksian Collection in the British Museum, 1s the only specimen I have seen. Hypochrysops livius. Hesperia livius, Fabr., Ent. Syst., 11., p. 815 (1798).* Papilio livius, Don:, Tat India, t. 46, - 4 (1800).° ; - P. livius, Westw., Dene Tus. India, t. Miletus livius, Butler, Cat. Fabr., p. 159 (1870). aos + In Indus,’ ?2-- Australia (?). Mr. Kirby, in his Catalogue, gives Amboyna as a possible locality. There is a specimen in the Oxford Museum, which I believe to belong to this species. It is labelled, ‘* Australia.” Hypochrysops protogenes. (Pl X., figs. 14, 15). Hypochrysops protogenes, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep., i1., p. 255 (1865). : Miletus protogenes, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), Xvill., p. 249 (1876). Hhpadimeeone otogenes, J. Kirsch, M. T. Mus. Dresd., Hey [Oe APE ARSIOIZ NR Hab. Waigiou (Wallace); Mus. Feld., Hew. Coll. ;. New Guinea, Port Moresby; Ansus. In a ¢, in the Hewitson Collection, the upper side is dark purple-blue, narrowly bordered with black, which is rather broader at the apex, and much resembling the same sex of the following species. The under side is the same as the °. 190 Mr. Hamilton H. Druce’s Monograph Hypochrysops pythias. (Pl. XI., fig. 1). Hypochrysops pythias, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep., ii, p. 254 (1865). Hab. Waigiou (Wallace), Mus. Feld., B. M., Hew., G. & S.; New Guinea, B. M., 3. The g on the upper side is a uniform dark purple, darker in the cell, and with scarcely any black margins. This species would seem to afford good evidence to prove that these insects cannot be divided into distinct genera, as on the upper side it resembles H. anacletus, Feld., and allies; and on the under side, H. polycletus, Linn. Hypochrysops anacletus. Thecla anacletus, Feld., Sitzb. Ak. Wiss. Wien. Math. Nat. Cl., xl., p. 454, n. 25 (1860). Hypochrysops anacletus, Feld., Reise Noy. Lep., ii., p. 252, n. 298, t. 32, f. 38-5 (1865). H. anacletus, Mathew, P. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W., 1885, p- 265. H. anacletus, Pagens., Lep.-Fauna Amboina, p. 48 (1884) ;, Schmett. Amboina, p. 12 (1888). H. anacletus, Ribbe, Deutsche Entom. Zeitschr., p. 2538 (1890). Hab. Amboyna; Ceram; B. M., Mus. G. §., Hew. Coll.; Saparua, Mus. Crowley. This species, which is represented in most collections, is the largest and most robust looking of the group. Hypochrysops zeuxis. Hypochrysops zeuxis, Stgr., Exot. Schmett., p. 273, pl. xciv. (1888). Hab. Grilolo. This species, which is stated by Ribbe (Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., p. 254, 1890) to be a local form of H. anacletus, seems to differ from that species by the much greater surface of blue above, and by the bands on the under side of the hind wing being black in place of brick red. It is only known to me by Dr. Staudinger’s figure. of the Lycenid genus Hypochrysops. 191 Hypochrysops scintillans. Miletus scintillans, Butl., Ann. Nat. Hist. (5), x., p- 149, 1882. Hab. New Britain. This species is allied to H. anacletus, but is of a lighter blue above, and the red bands below are larger and of a more fiery red colour. The type specimen is in the British Museum. Hypochrysops cratevas, sp.n. (Pl. X., figs. 16-18 ; Pl. XI., fig. 16, harpago). “* Hypochrysops cratevas. Alis supra lete saturate cyaneis undique nigro circumcinctis, anticis apice late nigris : subtus ochraceis, anticis area interna grise- scente, lineis tribus longitudinalibus notatis una costali altera inter venas costalem et subcostalem tertia per cellule medium, maculis quatuor subcostalibus, lineis duabus transversis ultra cellulam et maculis quinque submarginalibus nitide eneis, omnibus nigro lim- batis, fascia interrupta discali rufescente, nigro marginata; posticis linea costali et lineis quinque transversis quarum prima et secunda conjunctis quarta et quinta eodem modo conjunctis omnibus nigro marginatis, fascia discali (ad angulum apicalem interrupta) nigro extrorsum marginata, ultra eam fascia altera rufescente-grisea nigro extrorsum limbata, fascia submarginali maculosa enea nigro extrorsum marginata. @. Alis fuscis ad basin ceruleo limbatis, anticis dimidio costali nigricante macula discali lilacino tincta subtus mari similis. Hab. Solomon Islands; Aola in Guadaleanar (C. M. Woodford), Mus., G. & 8S. The nearest ally to this species appears to be HI. anacletus of Felder, from Ceram and Amboyna; besides slight differences in the markings of the under surface, the blue of the upper surface is of a much deeper tint. Mr. Woodford obtained many specimens of this species, all from the Island of Guadalcanar.’—Salvin, MS. Hypochrysops architas, u. sp. (Pl. XI., figs. 2, 3). *“* Hypochrysops architas. Przecedenti similis, sed posticarum fasciis transversis eneis dis- tinctis haud conjunctis, et area inter primam et secundam tertiam et quartam ferruginea distinguendus. 192 Mr. Hamilton H. Druce’s Monograph Hab. Solomon Islands; Fauro Island (C. M. Wood- ford), Mus. G. & S. Of this species, Mr. Woodford obtained only a single specimen; but as it differs both in pattern and colora- tion from the allied form in Guadalcanar, we do not hesitate to describe it.”—Salvin, MS. Hypochrysops seuthes, sp.n. (Pl. XI., figs. 4, 5). ‘* Hypochrysops seuthes. @. Alis fuscis, anticis ad basin ceruleo lavatis et plaga subtri- angulari discali alba notatis, posticis pallidioribus; subtus anticis fere ut in H. cratevas sed area interna albicantiore, posticis dimidio proximo ochraceo undique lineis ceruleo-argenteis nigro marginatis vermiculato maculis irregularibus ferrugineis ultra cellulam, dimidio distali albicante margine externo late rufescente- ochraceo introrsum nigro limbato et luea submarginali ceruleo- argenteo includente. Hab. Solomon Islands; Uru Bay and Tyoh in Maleita Island (C. M. Woodford), Mus. G. &S. Mr. Woodford’s collection contains two females of this distinct species, which is not closely allied to any of the foregoing, but comes perhaps nearer to H. cratevas and H. architas rather than to H. alyattes ; but, like the latter species, there is a good deal of white colouring on the under surface of the wings.”—Salvin, MS. Hypochrysops arronica. Thecla arronica, Feld., Wien., Ent. Mon., iii., p. 828, OL eG. fa 185 O)e Hypochrysops arronica, Kirby, Syst. Cat., p. 878 (1871). _ H. arronica, Ribbe, Iris, 3, p. 85 (1886). Hab. Aru Islands (Wammo Dobbo, Ureiuning) (C. Ribbe), Mus. G. 8., B. M., Hew. Coll.; Waigiou, ¢, Mus. G. S. It is, perhaps, possible that the 2 in Messrs. Godman & Salvin’s collection is incorrectly labelled, ‘“‘ Waigiou.” It is not recorded from the intervening islands, Ceram, Amboyna, or New Guinea. of the Lycenid genus Hypochrysops. 193 Hypochrysops alyattes, sp.n. (PI. XI., figs. 6—8). ‘“* Hypochrysops alyattes. Alis supra nitide cyaneis undique nigro limbatis: subtus albis, anticis costa (cellulam includente) margine externo et linea trans- versa discali a costa ad angulum analem nigricantibus, costa et margine externo ipsis ferrugineo tinctis lineis tribus longitudi- nalibus altera transversa discali maculis quoque sex submargi- nalibus nitide argenteo ceruleis; posticis basi lineis transversis duabus confluentibus nigris ceruleo-argenteo limbatis, linea sub- marginali nigra extrorsum ceruleo-argenteo marginata margine ipso ferrugineo. @. Alis fuscis cxruleo ad basin lavatis anticis macula discali albida, posticis pallidioribus. Hab. Solomon Islands; Aola, mm Guadalcanar (C. M. Woodford), Mus. G. & S. Mr. Woodford obtained a few specimens of both sexes of this beautiful species, all in the Island of Guadalcanar, where it is found in company with H. cratevas, but is apparently a much scarcer insect. It is probably most nearly allied to H. doleschalli of Felder, but has many points of distinction.”—Salvin, MS. Hypochrysops doleschalli. Thecla doleschalli, Feld., Sitzb. Ak. Wiss. Wien. Math. Nat. Cl., xl., p. 454, No. 24 (1860). Hypochrysops doleschal, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep., ii., p: 251; nm. 296, t. 32, f. 67 (865). H, doleschallu, Pagens., Schmett. Amboina,’ p. 12 (1888). Hab. Amboyna, Ceram; Hew. Coll. The only representatives I have seen of this species are two specimens (g ?) in the Hewitson collection. Group III. Hypochrysops theon. (Pl. XI., figs. 9, 10). Hypochrysops theon, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep., ii., p- 252, n. 297 (1865). H. theon, Ribbe, Iris, ii., p. 85 (1886). Hab. Gilolo (Felder); New Guinea, Hew. Coll. ; Aru Islands, B. M., Hew. Coll.; Ureiuning (C. Ribbe), Mus. G. & 8S. 194 Mr. Hamilton H. Druce’s Monograph The ? of this insect is rather larger than the ¢, and the upper side of a dull black colour, with the internal area of the fore wing yellowish white, with a few blue scales along the superior wall of the cell. The hind wing is dull black, with the costal margin pure white, asinthe ¢. Under side same as ¢. Although this species has a somewhat extended range, it is a rare insect, and seldom met with in collections. Hypochrysops herdonius. (Pl. XI., figs. 18, 14). Hypochrysops herdonius, Hew., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1874, p. 352. Hab. Aru Islands (Wallace). The only specimens I have seen of this beautiful insect are the types in the Hewitson Collection in the British Museum. Herr C. Ribbe has not recorded the species in his ‘‘ Lepidopteren-Fauna der Aru-Inseln,”’ Cis, i, S36. Hypochrysops hippuris. (Pl. XI., figs. 11, 12). Hypochrysops hippuris, Hew., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1874, p- 351. Hab. Aru Islands (Wallace). This species, again, is only known to me by the type in the Hewitson Collection, and is also not recorded by Herr C. Ribbe. These last two species bear a superficial resemblance to the group which includes the Papilio danis, Cr., from Amboyna. The following species have been described under Hypochrysops, and referred to other genera by recent authors, viz., H. elegans, Druce, and H. bubases, Hew., to Catapecilma, by Mr. Butler and others. The Ilerda (2) superba, Druce, placed in Hypochrysops in the Hewitson Collection, has been made the type of a new genus (Semanga) by Mr. Distant. The letters ‘‘G. & S.” refer to specimens in Messrs. Godman & Salvin’s collection; ‘‘ D.” to specimens in our own possession ; and ‘‘ B, M.” to those in the British Museum. of the Lycenid genus Hypochrysops. EXXpLANATION oF Puates X. & XI. ACI eee Fie, 1. Hypochrysops hypocletus g, under side. 2. Fic 10. 11. 12. 138. 14. 15. 16. od 2 3 4, 5. 6 7 8 9 9 rex 3g. ren 2D. halyetus 3. i &, under side. delicia 3. 3S, under side. hypates 2. 5 @, under side. celisparsus 2. + @, under side. eucletus 3. Ff 3S, under side. protogenes g. +) cratevas g. 29 f- 5 @, under side. PLATE XI. . Hypochrysops pythias 2, under side. architas 2. 35 ?, under side. seuthes @. » @, under side. alyattes 3. 99 2 0 Pr @, under side. theon 3g. » o, under side. hippuris 3. ” 3, under side. herdonius Sg. ” Ss, under side. polycletus (harpago). cratevas (harpago). TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND, 1891.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) 3S, under side. 195 oes < ve F4, a) muse LF; SG OPN kde CCL eee ‘€ Tame b>} < i‘ sto i: 7 Gal Or .%) VIII. Notes on the Lepidoptera collected in Madeira by the late T. Vernon Wollaston. By Gores T. Baxer, F.L.S. [Read December 3rd, 1890. | Puate XII. In the early part of the present year I was much interested to see Mrs. Wollaston’s collection of Madeiran insects, comprising both those taken by herself as also many taken in earlier years by her much lamented husband. When making another call on my friend at Teignmouth, I was very gratified by her generous offer to place nearly all the collection at my disposal, and thus save to science a record that would otherwise have perished. At present but little is known of the Lepidoptera of these islands, as also of the Cape de Verdes and the Canaries, though the latter have recently been attracting more attention ; but for years nothing has been written about the Madeiras. It appears to me, therefore, that this may be a fitting opportunity, after describing and cataloguing the species before me, to collate and tabulate all that is known of the insects of the Atlantic Islands, in so far as it may be possible to do so. The literature on the Lepidoptera of Madeira may be said to be comprised in two papers, both published in the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ viz., the first, by the late T. V. Wollaston, ‘‘ Brief diagnostic characters of undescribed Madeiran Insects,” 3rd series, vol. i.; and the other by Mr. Stainton, ‘‘ Notes on Lepi- doptera collected in Madeira by T. V. Wollaston, Hisq., with descriptions of some new species,’ 38rd_ series, vol. ii., p. 209. These appear to have been entirely overlooked by the majority of continental entomologists ; even Dr. Staudinger did not know of them until a very few years ago. Mr. Stainton’s paper, being easy of access, will only be referred to occasionally, as we come to the insects therein described; but Mr. Wollaston’s TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) P2 198 Mr. G. T. Baker’s notes on paper, though of equal accessibility, consists almost entirely of short Latin descriptions of the various Species mentioned (as its title implies), and I therefore propose to transcribe these, and add thereto another careful description in English, where possible, from his types, but otherwise from specimens in my possession. It will be seen from what follows that there is a tendency to considerable variation among the individual species, generally in the direction of melanism. Various theories have been broached to account for melanic variation, but in this instance temperature, 7. e., lowness of temperature, cannot be the cause; the probability is that humidity of climate (another of the more recent propositions) may have been a potent factor therein. Passing on now to catalogue the collection, and following the general order of Staudingeyr’s list, the first insect is Pieris brassice var. Wollastoni. Of this insect there is a considerable series, which, I think, will prove it worthy of its varietal name. It is, moreover, an interesting instance of insular deviation from the original type. In the deepening and enlarge- ment of the black spots on the fore wings it forms a transition between brassice and the Canary form cheiranthit, whilst in the greener colour of the under surface of the hind wings it recedes in the contrary direction. The upper side of the ¢ is practically indis- tinguishable from brassice, but on the under side the two black spots are larger and often connected by a dark scaling, making them almost appear to be one large patch. There is, however, a greater difference in hind wings and the apical area, which in brassice are of a yellowish grey hue, whilst in this variety the colour is greenish grey, the distinction being caused to some extent by the darker grey irrorations of v. Wollastonv. From cheiranthi the Madeira form differs also chiefly on _ the under surface, the former of which can be recog- nised at once by the broad black band of the upper wings (formed by the coalescence of the two black spots), and also by the deep yellowish buff of the secondaries. The @ sex from Madeira shows some little variation. All are much darker than the parent species, but none Lepidoptera collected in Madeira. 199 so dark as the Canary form. Nevertheless, the darker forms approach cheiranthi more nearly than the paler ones do brassice. The two spots on the fore wings are quite twice as large as in the latter, each being extended over the two veins and joined together in the centre by a black dusting; the black dash on the inner margin is likewise larger, and joined to the lower spot. They never, however, form the broad band, which makes chetranthi so conspicuous and handsome an insect. The dark apical area is usually as large and as dark as in that species. The yellowish hue of the secondaries not infrequently extends to the fore wings also, a circumstance I have never noticed in the Canary form. The colour of the hind wings is occasionally quite as deep as the paler specimens of cheiranthi, but, as a rule, they (the hind wings) are paler, and the black marginal spot is never as large. On the under surface the spots are always decidedly larger than in brassice, but never joined, i. ¢., in the fifty specimens before me, as they are in cheiranthi, whilst the colour of the apical area and secondaries is always greener and greyer than in our common species, thus deviating in exactly the opposite direction from cheiranthi, which is usually of such a handsome deep yellowish buff. It is clear from the foregoing that we have here a distinct transitional form from brassice to cheiranthi, without having to go so far as India for it. I may mention also that my largest Madeira specimens are not so large as the smallest Canary one I have. Colias edusa, F., and var. helice, Hb. Common, and similar to the Huropean form, some being, however, unusually large. Rhodocera cleopatra var. maderensis, Feld. (Pl. XII., figs. 1, 1a). This also is common in Madeira, and is interesting, inasmuch as it forms a connecting link between the ordinary Mediterranean form and that found in the Canaries, viz., cleobule, Hb. The Madeira g¢ specimens have the whole of the fore wings deep reddish orange colour, with only the narrowest border of yellow at the apex and hind margin, and the hind wings are also of a somewhat deeper hue. The under surface is likewise of 200 Mr. G. T. Baker’s notes on a deeper and more uniform yellow, whilst the central spots are much darker; there are also present, about midway between them and the posterior margin, a row of small dark dots, extending half across the fore wing from the costa, and all round the hind wing. In the @ the difference is less marked, the colour being slightly deeper than in the ordinary form, this being more apparent in the secondaries; the central spots are also decidedly larger and brighter, whilst the extreme margins, both costal and posterior, are finely edged with deep orange. The same differences apply as to the under surface, and there are also generally present the rows of small dark spots, already mentioned in the 3. The Canary form of both sexes is deeper in colour, and the orange extends right fully up to the posterior margin. Polyonmatus phleas, L. Common. The usual form of this species is very dark, both the wings being suffused all over with very dark scales. I have one or two paler specimens, but they are evidently rare, the ordinary ones being certainly darker than v. eleus. I have before me specimens from almost every country where it obtains, but, with the single exception of one extraordinary and almost black eleus from Broussa (Asia Minor), none are as dark as the Madeira insects. Lycena betica, L. Common, and does not differ from the usual Huropean type. Vanessa atalanta, L.* I have but three specimens labelled, by Mr. Wollaston, ‘the Mount,” showing that it and callirhoé inhabit pre- cisely the same area. ‘These three do not deviate from the ordinary form. Vanessa callirhoé, F. Mrs. Wollaston tells me that this is abundant at low and intermediate elevations. All the specimens before me are smaller and darker than my Amoor examples ; the white spots are much smaller, and all the coloured Lepidoptera collected in Madeira. 201 markings reduced somewhat. Mr. Wollaston says, “Porto Santo specimens are permanently smaller than ‘in Madeira proper ”’ (‘ Variation of Species,’ p. 74). Mr. Leech tells me that Canary specimens are quite as large as those from the Hast. Herr 8. Alpheraky writes, in vol. v. of ‘ Romanoff’s Memoires,’ p. 218, ‘“‘In spite of the opinion of lepi- dopterists, I cannot recognise in this species anything else than a variety of our European atalanta;” and he goes on to base his arguments mainly on the fact that Mr. J. H. Leech reared five atalanta out of several hundred larve supposed to be callirhoé. This really proves nothing at all, for, as Mr. Leech tells me, he made no special notes on the larve, and did not take a description of them, so that out of the great quantity he had nothing is more probable than that the five were overlooked, especially as then he was not particularly interested in the species. The much more probable solution of the fact of the two species being found together, in both the Madeiras and Canaries, is (as Mr. Leech has suggested) that callirhoé is the indigenous species, and that atalanta has been recently introduced. This solution is also strengthened by the fact that the latter is a very much scarcer species, whilst the former is abundant in both groups of islands. Dr. Christ, in a paper on the ‘‘ Insects of Teneriffe” (Mitth. d. Schweizer Ent. Soc., vol. 6, p. 340), says that callirhoé holds the same relation to atalanta that cheirantht does to brassice. This, certainly, is not the case in Madeira, if it is in Teneriffe, for both the former species are found flying together in Madeira, whereas only Wollastoni (the Madeiran form of brassice) is found there, for, out of all the specimens of this insect before me, there is certainly not one true brassice. Tvidently, therefore, the two cases are not analogous in this instance. ; Vanessa cardut, L. Similar to the ordinary type, but perhaps somewhat paler ; common, as usual. Argynnis lathonia, L. Abundant, and of the usual form. 202 Mr. G. T. Baker’s notes on Satyrus semele v. maderensis. (Pl. XII., figs. 2, 2a). The form of this species is, I consider, quite sufficiently modified to warrant a varietal name. It is so very uniform in coloration and so much darker than the usual type, and is so thoroughly constant, that Mr. Wollaston himself considered it to be ‘‘a fixed geogra- phical modification” (‘ Variation of Species,’ p. 34). The whole of the upper surface is uniform dark brown (darker than any semele I have ever seen), and without the dusky transverse band near the margin of the fore wings, though very occasionally there is the slightest trace just visible. The two black spots near the hind margin of the primaries are present as usual, and are sometimes pupilled with white. In the secondaries there is generally a trace of the transverse band, and near the anal angle there is a black spot encircled with tawny and pupilled with white. On the under surface there is no difference in the pattern of markings, but the marbling of the hind wings is darker and richer in colour, and the whitish band is broader and whiter, whilst the brown posterior margin of the fore wings is broader and darker, extending between the spots. In the 2 the colour is likewise darker, the pupilled spots are present as usual in the primaries, but the tawny encircling of the apical spot is smaller and duller, being reduced to a short dash on each side, whilst the surrounding tawny patch of the lower spot is quite dusky, and decidedly smaller than in the ordinary form. The secondaries are also rather darker and duller, the tawny band, being replaced by the whitish band of the under side, showing through; the ocellated spot near the anal angle is present as usual. The under side is darker in every particular, and the dark posterior margin is much broader, and extends as a patch between the two black spots. I have been unable to trace any record of this insect from the Canaries or other Atlantic islands. Pararge xiphia, F. Mrs. Wollaston says this is one of the commonest species in Madeira at intermediate elevations, and wasted examples may be found throughout the winter, Lepidoptera collected in Madeira. 208 especially in the district above Funchal, called ‘the Mount.” It was described by Fabricius in 1775 from Madeiran specimens. Xiphia is now so well known that it is quite unnecessary to redescribe it. There is no doubt in my own mind that it should retain its specific rank, but the present seems to be a good opportunity of settling the position of var. xiphioides, which insect is certainly a form of e@geria, and not of xiphia. The whole of the markings of e@geria are carefully reproduced in var. xiphioides, the difference being that the Canary form is much darker and richer in colours in all respects, and that the spots are somewhat reduced in size. If in our own common form of e@geria (egerides of Staudinger’s Catalogue) the olivaceous brown was replaced by a deep rich umber and the pale spots altered to a pale sienna, we should have var. xiphioides exactly, only perhaps a trifle smaller than the average size of the Canary insect. The same remarks apply to the under side, the only difference being great intensification and richness in colour. i Between the Madeiran xiphia and these two insects there appear to me to be constant differences. The two spots in the median portion of the wing are quite want- ing in the former; the whole of the posterior margin is entirely dark, there being no pale border or pale spot therein ; and the streak or short dash on the secondaries within the ocellated row is much increased in size, often extending three-quarters across the wing. Furthermore, the g is adorned with a patch of long downy scales in the primaries, extending all over the discal cell, smoothed down from the costal towards the inner margin, and terminating in a blackish line just below the said cell. The under side is rather variable as to the hind wings, the general hue being much richer, with an absence of markings (a sort of obsoletion) and uniformity of colour ; this, however, is sometimes varied by great contrast, from rich red-brown to grey and white, this being caused by the great intensification of the hue of the usual pattern. Added to this, the Madeiran species is uniformly much larger than either e@geria or var. xiphioides; the smallest xiphia is decidedly larger than the largest var. xiphioides I have ever seen, whilst the latter is larger than the common European species. In 204 Mr. G. T. Baker’s notes on xiphia, again, the ground colour is darker and richer than in either of the other insects, and the spots are more reduced even than in the Canary form, and are also often much obscured. Out of thirty-five xiphia before me, the average size is g 49, 2 58 mm. The largest 9 is 50 mm., whilst my two largest ? measure 64 mm., and the smallest ¢ is 47 mm. bare, but this is evidently an abnormally small specimen ; whereas the largest 2 var. xiphioides is 45 mm., i.¢., two millemetres smaller than the unusually small Madeira 3. Acherontia atropos, L. Differs in no respect from the usual type. Sphinx convolvulr, L. Common in Madeira, but does not differ at all ae either my British or European specimens. There are none of Dr. Christ’s variety batate among those before me. Deilephila titymali, B.? One specimen ; too worn to identify with certainty. Deilephila lathyrus ? Two specimens, which are very much nearer this Indian species than any other. They certainly are not titymali, whose wings are a different shape; and being so very close indeed to lathyrus, I deem it wiser to place them under this insect. Deilephila livornica, Esp. Similar to the usual type. Macroglossa stellatarum, L. Common. Similar to the European insect, but perhaps a little darker in colouring. Deiopera pulchella, L. The only specimen taken has the fore wings very much less spotted than usual. Lepidoptera collected in Madeira. 205 Bryoplila maderensis, n. sp. Primaries uniformly dark grey. The dark central area is en- closed on the basal side by a pale grey wavy, almost perpendicular, stripe, and on the posterior side by a very frequently and sharply toothed black line, edged on the outer margin with whitish, which line recedes well back between the median and submedian veins, but advances again from the latter to the inner margin; this line is occasionally somewhat indistinct, so as to almost make the whole of the hind three-fourths of the wing look uniform dark grey. The reniform stigma is more distinct than usual, being defined by a fine black margin immediately above it. The costa has two whitish spots; the extreme posterior margin is rather paler than the central area, with a somewhat roughly spotted appearance. The fringes are grey, with the usual dark dividing line strongly scalloped. Secondaries uniform dark brownish grey ; fringes paler grey, with a dark dividing line. Thorax and abdomen same hue as the primaries and secondaries, respectively. Al. ex., 28—29 mm. This species does not come very near any Huropean species, but approaches closest to alg@, but may be at once separated from it by the absence of any green tinge, by its uniform dark grey hue, and by the dark central area being bordered on its basal margin by a whitish grey band, and by the serrated line on its posterior margin. Not uncommon in Madeira. Agrotis (Tryphena) pronuba, L. Abundant in Madeira, and variable as usual. Agrotis saucia, Hb. Abundant, and similar to British examples in all respects. Agrotis segetum, Schiff. Bay common around Funchal, and variable as usual. Mamestra (Hecatera) madera, n.sp. (Pl. XIL., fig. 3). Primaries rather dark ash-grey; orbicular and reniform stigma very distinct, and encircled with a black line. Of the toothed transverse lines, the first, by the base, is pale, edged on each side 206 Mr. G. T. Baker’s notes on with black, extending from the costa to the lower median vein ; the second, before the orbicular stigma, likewise paler grey, and margined on each side with a black line, extends all across the wing; the third is a single fine black line all across the wing, and cutting the base of the reniform stigma; the fourth curved and very frequently toothed line, is just beyond that stigma, and is edged posteriorly with pale grey; the subterminal line is paler and edged interiorly with dark grey, and is somewhat interrupted. The ground colour is paler grey from the fourth line to the hind margin, which margin is darkly dotted. Beneath the orbicular stigma is an oval pale spot, encircled finely with black. The costa has a pale spot over the reniform stigma. Secondaries pale grey, with a broad dark posterior border edged anteriorly by a light hue, which is again margined by a dusky line. Fringes of primaries grey, the outer half is tessellated with white. Fringes of secondaries grey, with paler extremities. Head and thorax pale grey; abdomen somewhat darker. Al. ex., 34 mm. One specimen only in the National Collection. This insect is nearest Hillii (Grote), but can be recognised by its uniformly much darker colour, and it has no pale blotch on the inner margin at the anal angle. It is readily distinguishable from serena by its much more uniform and dark colour, and by the absence of any pale patch by the basal and posterior part of the wings. Epunda albostigmata, n. sp. Primaries brownish grey, with a short black dash from the base; between the base and the discal cell the central area is decidedly darker than the rest of the wing; the orbicular stigma is white and v-shaped; the reniform stigma is grey, broadly encircled with white; on the costa, between this and the apex, are three small whitish dots, a submarginal row of pale grey spots extends from the apex to the inner angle. The scalloped hind margin is faintly edged with black. Fringes pale yellowish, with a dark margin. Secondaries grey, dusted with brownish, and having a line of darker shading beyond the centre, with the blackish central spot of the under side showing through. Fringes as in primaries. Antenne pectinated. Al. ex., 46 mm. I have but one specimen of this insect, labelled ‘‘ San. Antonio de Serra,” which is about 2000 feet. It is nearest H. mamestrina, Butl., but differs in that the Lepidoptera collected in Madeira. 207 general hue is browner, whilst the orbicular stigma is white ; moreover the dark central area is more restricted and defined, being roughly triangular in shape. The secondaries are also browner, and have a dark transverse line beyond the centre; whilst the antenne are pecti- nated like Grotei, and not pubescent like mamestrina. Its correct position will be between these two species. Hadena atlanticum, n. sp. Primaries reddish brown, with a short distinct basal black dash forked from its centre, just beyond which is a small indistinet dusky patch on the inner margin; orbicular stigma encircled by a fine black line; reniform darker than the ground colour on its inner margin, then somewhat paler, the posterior margin being edged with whitish; between these two stigmas the ground colour deepens in its tone. The blackish and sharply dentated line, just beyond the reniform stigma, has scarcely a trace of the lighter edging so often seen in adusta. The reddish yellow subterminal line is very much interrupted, and almost resolves itself into a row of buff spots, and it lacks the preceding row of dark spots usual in the aforesaid species; the posterior margin is finely scalloped with blackish. Fringes paler than ground colour, with a dark dividing line. Secondaries brown, darker around the posterior margin. Antenne pectinated in both sexes. Al. ex., f 48, 2? 45 mm. From adusta (its near ally) it can be separated by its more uniform and altogether redder appearance, by its uniform brown hind wings, and by its pectinated antenne. I have a s and 2, bearing the labels in Mr. Wollaston’s writing, ‘“‘ The Mount” and ‘San. Antonio de Serra,” respectively, both of which are stations of about 2000 feet, or somewhat more. Eriopus Latreillei, Dup. Of this insect I have seven specimens, all of which agree inter se, and they are a beautiful form of the ordinary type. Instead of being of the usual colour, they are all suffused with a very pretty rosy tinge, more especially over the hinder half of the wing; the markings are also of a deeper and richer colour, the two thus com- bining to make a very pretty insect out of a rather dull one. The rosy tinge also extends to over the hairy tufts of the fore legs, over the outer portion of the under 208 Mr. G. T. Baker’s notes on surface of the hind wings, and to a less extent over the under surface of the primaries. - Prodenia littoralis. Common, but similar to the usual form. Phlogophora periculosa and var. brunnea. This very variable North American insect is not un- common, and varies in like manner to the American specimens; there are two of the dark variety brunnea. Phlogophora Wollastoni, n. sp. Primaries brownish pink, with the posterior margin darkly and broadly edged, the apical half of which is dusted with fine lustrous greyish scales, as also is the costa from the upper part of the discal cell. The orbicular and reniform stigma are of the same some- what greyish colour; in the middle of the posterior half of the latter is an ochreous patch ; from the lower edge of this stigma, and, as it were, continuing the oblique posterior margin thereof, is a broadish stripe of dark reddish grey extending to the inner mar- gin; beyond this are three indistinct spotted fine lines of greyish shading, the first of which is only visible for its lower half, the second extends obliquely from near the apex to the inner margin ; these are followed by a paler stripe of the ground colour, which has a double border of reddish brown and pale ochreous, which ochreous line touches the lustrous grey marginal edge. About midway between the base and the orbicular stigma is a grey transverse line extending from the costa to the inner margin. Fringes brownish pink, with a pale edging, and scalloped as usual, but not hollowed out internally by the anal angle. Secondaries pinkish grey, with a narrow greyish margin, followed by a broad band of paler pinkish to near the centre, from whence the colour becomes greyer to the inner margin. The upper margin is pale ochreous for its first two- thirds, beyond which it assumes a pinkish hue. Thorax and abdo- men as primaries and secondaries respectively. Antenne slightly pubescent. This very pretty insect approaches nearest to periculosa, but can be at once separated by its very uniform pinkish hue, and by the entire absence of any darker central area. Only one fine specimen was taken at S. Antonio de Serra, which measures nearly 50 mm. Lepidoptera collected in Madeira. 209 Nyssocnemis dubiosa, n. sp. Primaries umber-brown, with the central area enclosed by the inner line and elbowed line of a deeper velvety brown. ‘The orbicular and reniform stigmas of the usual Phlogophora shape, the former being of the same hue as the ground colour, as also the latter, but this is in another specimen of a pale ochreous; the half line at the base of the wings is fairly distinct, and so is the sub- terminal line, which is sharply dentate. Costa with three small pale ochreous dots between the reniform stigma and the apex. Fringes same hue as primaries, with a darker central shading. Secondaries brownish grey, somewhat paler towards the base, with paler fringes, which are scalloped, as is also the posterior margin. Thorax and abdomen asfore and hind wings respectively. Antenne pectinated. Alar expanse, 389 to 41 mm. I have been a little doubtful where to place this species. The genus Nyssocnemis has the antenne almost ciliate, but in duwbiosa they are merely pectinate ; in every other feature, however, it is so close an ally to obesa, that I think there is no doubt that it should be placed in the same genus with that insect, from which it may be recognised by the antenne, as just mentioned, and by its rather smaller size. In my insect the orbicular stigma is very distinct, but very indistinct in obesa; the secondaries are also darker and more uniform than in that species, which has them of a pale yellowish grey hue, with a broad dark posterior margin. Nonagria sacchari, Woll. (Pl. XIL., fig. 4). ** Alis anticis lutareis, puncto nigro plice ante medium, altero disci in medio, serie curvata punctorum nigrorum pone medium, linea transversa nigra fere ad marginem postremum ; alis posticis “a albidis immaculatis. Exp. alar. 174 lin.’ * Primaries uniform brownish grey, with a small black dot before the centre just beneath the discal cell, and generally another indistinct one about the centre, which, however, is not quite con- stant; between this and the posterior is a curved row of small black dots, and close to the hind margin, but not absolutely on its edge, is a line of black composed of small dots. Fringes pale brownish grey. Secondaries whitish, tinged with grey. g antenne * ¢Annals & Mag. of Nat. History’ (1858), 38rd Series, vol. i., pp. 117, 118. 210 Mr. G. T. Baker’s notes on slightly pectinate, 2 pubescent. Thorax and abdomen same as primaries. Alar. ex. about 37 mm. g, 42 9°. In the same paper from which this is transcribed, Mr. Wollaston writes :—‘‘ Inhabits Madeira proper, and has probably been imported into the island, being extremely destructive to sugar-canes. The caterpillar, which may be taken during the summer months, lives in the interior of the stem, where it does incalculable damage to the cane, more or less spoiling the entire crop. I am indebted for an excellent specimen of the imago to C. Bewicke, Esq., who reared several of them in Funchal during the autumn of 1855, and who communi- cated to me some interesting observations concerning the habits of the insect. It appears totally distinct from the Diatrea sacchari of the Rev. Lansdown Guilding (Trans. of the Soe. of Arts, vol. xlvi., p. 148, a.p. 1828) ; as also from the Proceras sacchariphagus, Bojer (de- scribed in the ‘Report of the Committee on the Cane- borer,’ and published at the Mauritius), which belongs to an altogether different family, the Pyralide ; as well as from the Noctua sacchari of the ‘ Papillons de Suri- nam’ (pp. 185, 136, pl. 64, a.p. 1848).” Leucania extranea, Gn. Abundant; most of the specimens are labelled San. Antonio de Serra, which shows that it is common at an elevation of at least 2000 ft. Caradrina quadripunctata, Fab. (cubicularis). Two specimens, one of which is labelled Funchal. Caradrina exigua, Hb. One fine specimen in the National Collection, taken by Mr. Wollaston. 2 Calymnia ferruginea, Walker. This species was described by Walker under the genus Hydrelia from a single insect, with the label, “This species has been taken by W. D. Crotch, Esq., in Teneriffe.” I have before me seven specimens from Madeira, which show that it cannot belong to that genus. It appears to me to be nearer Cosmia, and, after care- Lepidoptera collected in Madeira. 211 fully comparing its characteristics, I have come to the conclusion that its best resting place will be in Hubner’s genus Calymnia, in which I therefore place it with a (?). Cucullia chamomille, Schiff. j One specimen, which does not differ from our own specimens. Plusia aurifera, Hb. Fairly common. Plusia chalcitis, Kisp. Common at low and intermediate elevations. Plusia gamma, L. This ubiquitous insect is not uncommon, and presents no points of difference from the ordinary type. Plusia circumflexa, L. Very common ; two of the specimens are labelled by Mr. Wollaston “ Funchal,” but it is improbable that it is confined only to this low elevation. Some of the series are very richly and beautifully coloured. Heliothis peltiger, Schiff. - One specimen in the National Collection from Mr. Wollaston. Heliothis armiger, H.-S. Three specimens without a precise locality. Acontia lucida, Hufn. Two specimens, rather darker than usual, from Madeira and Porto Santo. Thalpochares ostrina, Hb., and var. estivalis, Gn. The two specimens of the former are richly coloured ; the second generation presents no difference whatever from Algerian specimens. TRANS. ENT. 80C. LOND. 1891.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) Q 212 . Mr. G. T. Baker’s notes on Spintherops dilucida, Hb. There is one specimen of this insect in the National Collection, taken by Mr. Wollaston, which is very much paler than any of my specimens from the South of France. Hypena lividalis, Hb. There is one specimen of this insect which does not differ from the ordinary type. Hypena obsitalis, Hb. Very common, and, as usual, very variable, many of the specimens being almost black. Hypenodes costestrigalis, Steph. Not uncommon, and somewhat darker than the ordi- nary form, one specimen being very dark indeed. Nemoria nubigena, Woll. (Hemithea nubigena, Woll.). ‘‘Alis viridibus, striga posteriore alba communi subindistincta ornatis, costa alarum anteriorum albido-ochracea. Exp. alar. Qu lina? 45 The ground colour of both primaries and secondaries is emerald- green; the posterior stripe extends all through both wings, and is white. In some specimens this stripe is fairly broad, but it varies considerably, and in other examples simply consists of an in- distinct row of dots. The costa in fresh specimens is pinkish, but becomes ochreous by wear and exposure. The fringes are white, tipped (in a freshly-emerged insect) with pinkish. Abdomen and thorax green. Antenne ochreous, ciliate in g, simple in 9. Exp. alar. 19 to 22 mm. In the same work that I have already quoted from, and on the same page, Mr. Wollaston says :—‘‘ Inhabits Madeira proper, occurring among the heath-woods of the loftiest elevations. Whilst encamped on the extreme summit of the Pico Ruivo (upwards of 6000 ft. above the sea), early in August, 1850, it flew into my tent in great abundance, attracted by the light of the candle, after sunset.” * «Annals & Mag. of Nat. History’ (1858), 3rd Series, vol. i., p- 118. Lepidoptera collected in Madeira. 213 Acidalia madere, n. sp. Both primaries and secondaries are of the same hue, and have the same markings carried through them. The colour is ochreous grey, without any markings before the dark central spot; behind this is a fairly distinct but ill-defined darkish broad transverse stripe, beyond which is an oblique wavy greyish line; midway between this and the posterior margin is the broader subterminal greyish line. The margin itself is very finely and darkly edged, and is very slightly scalloped. Fringes same hue as wings. Antenne slightly pubescent. Exp. alar. 23 mm. I have two females from Madeira proper. Acidalia dimidiata, Hufn. (scutulata, W. V.). Common and very variable. Ihave but one specimen of the type we usually find in England; there are, how- ever, several somewhat similar in general tone, but they have a very broad blackish band all across the centre of the primaries, and extending in like manner through the secondaries. Another very prevalent (in fact, the commonest) form is much darker than usual, and also larger, and of the ordinary pattern, with the addition of an indistinct band across the central area. Acidalia atlantica, Stainton, (non atlantica, Walker). ‘ Walker’s name atlantica must nowsink as a synonym of A. separata, Walk. Mr. Warren, who has recently gone through the Geometre in the National Collection, considers Acidalia separata, Walker, and atlantica, Walker, both from St. Helena, in the Wollaston cabinet, to be one and the same species, in which opinion I have not any doubt that he is correct, for it would be im- possible to separate some of the specimens, and the main markings are all identical. Walker’s name atlantica, therefore, sinks as a synonym of separata, whilst Stainton’s name for the Madeira species remains good.” This species was described by Mr. Stainton in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd series, vol. ii. (1859), p. 210, where he says :—‘“‘ Allied to Acidalia virgularia, but paler and neater; the three lines parallel, and dis- tinctly angulated towards the costa; the discoidal spot Q 2 214 Mr. G. T. Baker’s notes on placed on the central line, and the hind margin of the hind wings more dentated, the hind tibie of the male are incrassated, with no spurs, and the tarsi almost obsolete; the hind tibia of the female have one pair of spurs. Inhabits Deserta Grande.” I have a few speci- mens from Madeira, evidently referable to this insect ; they are, however, in addition to the distinctions drawn by Mr. Stainton, certainly smaller than virgularia. Acidalia unostrigata, n. sp. Primaries and secondaries uniform pale ochreous, with the usual dark central spot, behind which, but adjoining, is a broad dark grey transverse band extending from the costa to the inner margin, and continued all through the secondaries, but on the other side of the central spot, 2. e., between it and the base. There are no other markings at all, except the least trace of a row of very minute dark spots between this and the posterior margin of the primaries. At the extremities of each of the nervules the hind margin is finely and darkly dotted. Fringes rather paler than fore wings. Exp. alar. 22 mm. One specimen from Madeira appears to be nearest the black-banded form of dimidiata, but it can be at once distinguished by the uniform ochreous colour, with no other markings save the dark band. The wings are likewise of a different shape, being narrower and less ample, whilst the costa and hind margin is straighter, thus making the apex sharper. Acidalia zargi, n. sp. Primaries pale ochreous, the basal area, extending half-way to the central spot, being of a rather pale chocolate colour; the pos- terior margin is very broadly bordered with the same chocolate hue, in the centre of which is a waved ochreous interrupted line. The space between these two areas is ochreous, dusted more or less all over, but especially in the centre (where it almost forms a transverse stripe), with fine pinkish rusty scales. The secondaries are likewise pale ochreous, finely dusted with the same coloured scales, which are somewhat condensed around the central spot so as to form a trace of a transverse stripe; otherwise there is no marking until the posterior margin, which is like the fore wings, but rather paler, viz., pale chocolate, with a distinct wavy ochreous submarginal line, preceded, however, by another indistinct ochreous Lepidoptera collected in Madeira. 215 line just within the chocolate border. Fringes paler chocolate. Exp. alar. 27 mm. This is a very pretty insect indeed, and it is to be regretted that but one ? was taken in Madeira. It is like no Kuropean Acidalia known to me. AcidaliaWollaston, n. sp. All the wings are uniform dull magenta, slightly deeper in hue by the posterior margin, with a very small central white spot in each. Between this spot and the base there is a faint trace of a jagged transverse buff-coloured line, which line on the secondaries extends from the discal cell to the inner margin. The pinkish ochre subterminal line is very distinct in both the wings, extending to its fullest limit in each. Fringes magenta, with pinkish ochre extremities. Thorax and abdomen as primaries. Exp. alar. 26 mm. Of this beautiful Acidalia there is but one specimen from Madeira. Acidalia wrrorata, n. sp. Primaries and secondaries pale ochreous grey, finely and plenti- fully sprinkled all over with minute dull reddish irrorations. There is scarcely a trace of the first line; the grey spots are fairly distinct, as is also the ill-defined central grey transverse band. The scalloped grey subterminal line is also fairly distinct. All the markings of the primaries apply in like manner to the secondaries. The posterior margin is darkly bordered. Fringes ochreous. Antenne oS pectinate. Exp. alar. 26 mm. One ¢ from Madeira. Zonosoma (Ephyra) pupillaria, Hb. I have several of this species, all of which differ from the ordinary type, and are a very pretty form. Both wings are of a pale buff, slightly freckled more or less all over with pink. The central spots white, encircled with pink. The subterminal line is represented by a curved row of pinkish dots. In the ¢ the colour is similar to the ¢, but both the first and subterminal lines are represented by a curved row of dark grey spots finely encircled with pinkish, and the central band is dark grey, indistinctly edged with a few pinkish scales. 216 Mr. G. T. Baker's notes on Zonosoma (Ephyra) maderensis, n. sp. (Pl. XIL., fig. 5, banded form). Primaries ochre-colour, finely and densely irrorated with rough pinkish scales, more especially by the posterior margin. The central waved band just beyond the spot is of a greyish hue. The subterminal line is distinct and of paler ochre; posterior margin finely and darkly dotted. Central spot whitish, encircled with reddish brown. The secondaries are likewise ochreous, with all the pattern of the primaries repeated, but the subterminal line is broader than therein. Thorax and abdomen same hue as wings. Antenne ¢ ciliate, 2 simple. The @? is similar tothe gf. Exp. alar. 26 mm. This is evidently a common species in Madeira, and, like many others found in the island, it varies con- siderably. I have specimens almost unicolorous, with scarcely a trace of any markings except the central spot, whilst there are others which are very broadly and darkly banded; one of the handsomest of these will be found figured. Again, I have one or two almost unicolorous fawn-colour, with a single dark grey waved central stripe just beyond the central spot. Mr. Wollaston says of the larva :—‘‘A small green caterpillar with brightly variegated patches on either side. Chrysalis bright pale green, fixed by the tail and slung up horizontally with a single thread. Feeds on Hudson’s oak.” Hemerophila madere, n. sp. (Pl. XIL., fig. 6). The primaries and secondaries vary from dull umber-brown to a reddish umber. The first and second oblique somewhat parallel lines are dark brown, both arising from the inner margin, the former near the base, and extending indistinctly half across the cell, the latter starting beyond the centre, and extending almost up to the apex. At the tip of the discal cell is a smallish dark spot. The whole of the wing is scaled with darker brown irrorations. The pattern of the secondaries is similar to the primaries, but minus the first line; the ground colour is at times slightly paler, and is thickly covered with dark brown scales taking the shape of short dashes. Thorax, abdomen, and fringes as wings. Antenne plumose. Exp. alar. 43 to 44 mm. The @ is very pale ochreous grey, with the first and second line as in the g', but blackish; the central spot is larger. There is also a blackish shading at the tip of the second line just below the apex of wing, which follows for a short distance the course of the afore- mentioned black line. Secondaries slightly deeper in hue than Lepidoptera collected in Madeira. 217 primaries, with the second line blackish and rather broad, and with a slight dark dusting between it and the margin; the first line is likewise distinct and black, whilst the base of the thorax is also black ; so that, when the wings are expanded, the first line assumes the form of the crescent. The dark scales on the secondaries are much fewer than in the g, and are dark greyish. Antenne slightly pubescent. Exp. alar. 37 to 40 mm. There is one very fine variety of this insect in which the whole of the space from the first to considerably beyond the second line, and extending right up to the margin below the apex, is of a very dark and rich umber-brown ; and in the secondaries this colour extends from the base of the wings to near the posterior margin, whilst the ground colour is of a more yellowish tint than usual. This insect does not appear to be very near any other species of the genus, but the very different and pale ? will serve to distinguish it from its allies. The figure of this fine insect is rather more highly coloured than my specimens, or than those in the National Collection, but this may arise through them being somewhat faded. Boarmia Wollastoni, n. sp. (Pl. XII., fig. 7). Primaries rather dark brownish grey; the first transverse line blackish, closely followed by a second, both being waved and toothed ; at the end of the discal cell is a reniform-shaped patch of raised paler scales, edged with black, from whence to the inner margin runs a black line, bluntly toothed near the centre ; beyond this is a very frequently and sharply serrated curved transverse black line, followed in its upper third by a row of dark dentations ; beyond this is an indistinct waved stripe of paler ground colour, succeeded by an indistinct interrupted scalloped line of whitish, from which to the margin the ground colour is darker. The extreme posterior margin is finely edged with black. The basal and central areas, and also the margins of the transverse lines, are sparingly scattered over with ochreous scales, which are likewise present over the pale stripe beyond the serrated line, though in a less degree. Fringes grey, intersected with darker grey. Secondaries greyish brown, darker on the outer margin, with an indistinct pale scalloped submarginal line, and a darker line beyond the centre. Fringes greyish brown. Exp. alar. 38 to 40 mm. The @ is very pale whitish grey, with all the marks repeated as in the g, but in a darker shade of grey. The space between the 918 Mr. G. T. Baker’s notes on two central toothed lines is dark grey for its lower half. Posterior margin darkly dotted. Fringes whitish, with grey extremities and intersections. Hind wings pale grey, marked asin g. Exp.alar. about 46 mm. Var. obscura. Basal area almost black ; between the outer basal and the inner central line is a broad band of greyish, over which a few dark scales are scattered; beyond this the whole of the wing is sooty black, with a small apical grey patch, and the pale scalloped interrupted line fairly marked. Secondaries as in Wollastont. Exp. alar. 40 mm. The 2 of this variety copies its g precisely, but the colour, instead of being sooty black, is dark dirty grey. Exp. alar. 43 to 44 mm. This appears to be a constant form, being not im- probably the second brood, and as such seems worthy of a varietal name. Mr. Wollaston describes the larva thus :— ‘‘ Cater- pillar of a pale dirty yellowish buff, with a paler line down the middle of the back, and very obsoletely freckled (or rather pencilled) all over with indistinctly traceable scroll-like markings. The legs and prolegs and the sutures of the segments have a faint rosy tinge. Feeds on common broom.” Common at St. Antonio de Serra. This species is extremely variable, some being of a palish uniform grey, others almost all black; and, though there are not in the series before me (88) connecting-links between them, I entertain no doubt but that in a really large series every transitional form could be traced. Eubolia rupicola, Woll. (Pl. XII., fig. 8). * Alis anticis fuscis, saturatiore lineatis, striga anteriore parum angulata, striga posteriore (extus dentem emittente et albido- marginata), punctis dilutis, maculisque duabus marginem posticum versus nigro fuscis ornatis. Exp. alar. 16 lin,”* Primaries umber-brown ; basal line darker, palely edged pos- teriorly, with a very broad dark brown central space (in which are several dark serrated lines), angulated exteriorly and margined with whitish ; in the middle of this space is a paler fascia, with a **Annals & Mag. of Nat. History’ (1858), 38rd Series, vol. i., p- 118. Lepidoptera collected in Madeira. 219 dark spot in the upper part thereof. Between the basal line and the dark central shade is another dark indistinct line. The sub- margiral waved line is dark brown, and usually composed of small scallops; between this and the posterior margin there is generally a small dark clouding in the upper part of the wing. Fringes brown. Secondaries paler brown, covered with most indistinct wavy transverse lines, which are occasionally quite obsolete. Antenne ¢ ciliate, 2 pubescent. Exp. alar. 34 to 36mm. Like several other Madeiran insects, it varies a good deal, the extreme in the one direction being very dark, with the central shade almost black, whilst in the con- trary direction the colour is paler than in the type, and the central part of dark space becomes nearly quite white. Another form has the central space broadly edged with white posteriorly, whilst yet another is almost uniform umber-brown, with nearly all the pattern obliterated. This is evidently one of the commonest insects in the island. Mr. Wollaston, in the paper already referred to, says: —‘ Inhabits Madeira proper, abounding at intermediate elevations throughout the sylvan districts, and secreting itself generally beneath the overhanging projections of the rocks, which it more or less resembles in colour.” Sterrha sacraria, L. The one specimen taken near Funchal has the pink band very broad, the costa near the base is margined with pink, and there are a few pinkish scales in the median portion of the wing; they are not, however, by any means sufficient to call it v. sangwinaria. Coremia centro-strigaria, Woll. (Genus Cidaria of Staudinger’s Catalogue). (Pl. XIL., fig. 9). * Alis anticis griseo-ochreis, basi ac area centrali rufescentibus, hee fasciam nigram extus prope costam acute angulatam includens. Exp. alar. 12 lin.”* Primaries greyish ochre, with the basal and broad central areas reddish, in the latter of which is a broadish transverse fascia of a dark bluish grey colour, in the upper part whereof is the black central spot; both these areas have several transverse darker wavy lines, and the latter is edged on the outside with whitish, beyond ** Annals & Mag. of Nat. History’ (1858), 3rd Series, vol. i., p. 119. , 920 Mr. G. T. Baker’s notes on which is the subterminal scalloped line, followed by a darker clouding of pale reddish up to the hind margin, in which (clouding) is another short pale scalloped line. The same markings are carried through the secondaries with the dark central fascia, and the substitution of darker greyish for the reddish hue. ¢ 22, Q@ 24 mm. Mr. Wollaston says :—‘“‘ Inhabits Madeira proper, and is allied to the C. ligustraria and ferrugaria of more northern latitudes.”’ Cidaria fluviata. A common species at low and intermediate elevations, but offering nothing noteworthy, being quite similar to those found in our own island. Gymnoscelis insulariata, Stainton. (Genus Hupithecia, Ster.). Mr. Stainton says of this species (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. iii., p. 209) :—‘‘ Allied to Hupithecia pumilata, but central portion of the wing darker, the second paler fascia more angulated and indented, and especially distinguished by the reddish fascia on the posterior wings and the reddish spots on the abdomen. Inhabits Madeira proper, Porto Santo, Dezerta Grande, &e.” I have before me upwards of thirty of this insect, and find these differences somewhat variable; it is evidently common at low and intermediate elevations, and seems so close an ally of pumilata that I think it is most probably the Madeiran form of that species. Gymnoscelis bicoloria, 1. sp. Primaries silver-grey, with the dark grey basal area confined by a darker curved line; beyond the centre there is another dark transverse curved line, behind which the whole of the wing is closely dusted with blackish scales, which extend over the said line for its lower portion, and more than half across the inner margin of the wing. There is the least trace of a pale subterminal line close by the posterior margin. Fringes dark grey. Secondaries likewise grey, with the posterior margin darkly dusted, in which dusting there is an interrupted pale line. Fringes grey. Exp. alar. 16 mm. Lepidoptera collected in Madeira. 221 Of this well-marked species I have but one specimen, which was taken high up about the fir-tree limit. It may be worthy of remark that of the Hupithecie at present known from these islands, both of the species belong to the subgenus Gymnoscelis. This completes my list of Macro-Lepidoptera (the Tineine, &c., being as yet unnamed, will, I hope, be catalogued in a later paper). There does not appear to be anything to call for special remark beyond what has already been done; there is, however, one point that has struck me in looking over the collection. Besides the tendency to great variation there is also a decided tendency to assume a pink or reddish hue. In the South and West African fauna I am informed that this tone of colour is also prevalent, in which case it is interesting to note that in these Atlantic islands we find the meeting- place, if I may so call it, of the Palearctic, Ethiopian, and Nearctic insect fauna; of course, the great majority of insects belong to the former, to which region they (the islands) undoubtedly belong, but the others are also represented by a similarity in colour, or by the Lepi- doptera themselves. EXPLANATION oF Puate XII. Fic. 1. Rhodocera cleopatra, v. maderensis, Feld. la. 5 A 5 under surface. 2. Satyrus semele, v. maderensis, Baker. 20. ‘9 ss under surface. 3. Hecatera madere, Baker. 4. Nonagria sacchari, Woll. 5. Zonosoma maderensis, Baker (banded form). 6. Hemerophila madera, Baker. 7. Boarmia Wollaston, Baker (typical @). 8. Hubolia rupicola, Woll. 9. Coremia centro-strigaria, Woll. ; eine oncidodta a ‘ i ENE tm HS ain cnt sia with ta n watt totady Summ i oe Swe shar aston Th rc ht See pniods we ou = rifond-ebermlet oe t J os ? isk See ia or ULN ¢ vularegcitsttiet ‘amp h t of oi ; oe Pee "e ot oa ‘meoiqohigadoosall Me ‘taihe Aleheg ‘ ‘Ott, oT (ott, f. he Jcietunnsanay. Jot: BS. mite ye a Ran ta onyyt Jn 2607 @ watt tea hoirgoletny a esiks Justhye haovad At aiieeys ba OLA, Ee rt Od dad, inion ato pogewonl ak orsd? raapb Haod: Yhaewa © Bei | apbraatk -cothoolios ‘eit Savt re initnel: i acts Somrtda. aut anes s oe a: re bobibyh A Cah ek 9 stl ae EMT haces 0. aes it A ; size OF Bali, TS “Gost ha Pitt Vs Yatee arrniy amas re) “peietlet - “ . ‘ho? @afOr ais donk banete ist cA: L anioet neottA das W. Die \ an ahi ach leo: sith a th cen ch iebay ai JVI aa at oly” 7 “ apeetsan odd: baie “mbes aha oat stalk weet i | Bret tere ae itis 1asiies se fy, gis Hare On Rican fn “lidiso (ric. saxsy oolt oration’ lo, prema tog eg ee | east aoipas ratstie ad! comcion) oki ob mgpeolinl adogert ja’ TS Ger ote aontio. adi tod tgupind. ihdnnbd menace (lnk Qik shal: oi, nied 7 issn sible peel Lena i ‘4 ‘ canna nator sae Cr & a” aM) san tary 5. ; nog ‘sh a ; ; ait x * oypaels if mee, .} i a ae a as = ‘eoalaay, vobniie fe or | acs idatt latinas : 7 is Ete . e nt f lars tla, Veabasat et ge J ed +0 = 1 e bo iS) pa bo 1) ISG — EO OQHWNWHEpPDHHH (Jb) oS gaan Sept. 1 ie) a 11 1 4 p.m. W. Dull. iy 1 Dull. 18 1 7 a.m. We |) Dull: ee May 16 18 OD eel wNwmPr N.W. | Warm. Hessian Fuies. Mr. F. Enock’s life-history of PARASITES. TIME OF EMERGENCE. June June 2 Epeon PB Fp wo ee PB wpe pr eS eo aa) me oo a oo a ee po tl OC (SX) RPP O PR WNW oOo oO O10) 02 Or bP ish) i ——— fot eet POD I TO HHH ROW UORMOAWWOHWNHOWNNRANDH _ bp wp 3 p.m. Uf Bye, 3.50 a.m. | WIND. WEATHER. 4 Warm. Dull. Windy. Windy, very bright. Dull and cold. Cold. Cold. Cold. Rain and warmer. Rain and warmer. Sultry and dull. Sultry & very warm. Sultry & very wari. Sultry & very warm. Cold and dull. Fine to rain. Rain. Rain. Cooler. Finer. Much rain. the Hessian Fly. Datr HESSIAN PARASITES. Tre oF WIND. Fu1gEs. EMERGENCE. 1888. Bi Qype ye July 7 2 12 2, 23 1 BO) || 30; 1 2, 31| 7 4 JANE Weg 5 2 aro Lea Ra 3 a.m E. 2) 14 1 6 a.m W. 3] 6 7 6 a.m W. 4a.m. 4} 12 9 to W. 6p.m. 5| 5] 10 2 p.m. W. ( 4a.m. 6; 1-10 to W. (igen, G4 8 W. Si 5 W. On ant 9 1 W. HORE 5 4 W. 11; 8} 13 W. ON er: 4 W. 13 2 W. 16 1 K. 20 1 | Dill 1 23 1 24 1 25 1 Septemtan 1 | 1 Ze) al 1 1153) al 1 i 6a.m. 16; 4 6 1 1 to W.S.W.. (6p.m j Ue 4 TS <3 ak N.W. 19| 4 5 K. 20 3 EK. OAL |) a BK. Oct. 27 1 & (129 |151 1147 211 @ |151 147 280 858 Parasites bred. 280 Hessian Flies bred. Total 355 WEATHER. Wet. Glorious day. Glorious day. Fine. Dull and wet. Very close & sultry. Very close & sultry. Very close and rain. Very close. Fine and muggy. Muggy to rain. Dull and cooler. Fine. ... 638 Flies and parasites bred from 1309 puparia collected in straw during 1887. TRANS. ENT, SOC. LOND, 1891.—PaRT It. (JUNE.) 2B 356 Mr. F. Enock’s life-history oy Hessian FLIES AND PARASITES BRED FROM 1458 PUPARIA COLLECTED JULY 5TH To AUG. 15TH, 1888. Date. Aug. Sept. Oct. FLIEs. aN se 1 1 1 1 1 2, 4 if 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 il 2, 1 1 1 1 3) 1 2 PaRASITES| |) x 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2, 1 1 i iL 1 1 1 1 1 2, 1 1 2, 1 1 ae|| al 1 1 1 1 1 i 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 WIND. WEATHER. W. W. W. Wet. W. W. Fine to wet. Dae | W. Wet. Wet, Fine. N. N.W. | Wet. N.W. | Wet. N.W. | Wet. N.W. | Wet. S.W. | Fine. S.W. | Fine. E.S.E. | Wet to fine. BK. W.S.W.| Fine. E.S.E. | Fine. E.S.E. | Fine. N.N.W. | Fine. N.N.W. H.S.E N.E. | Dull. Dull and muggy. June FLies. & || & 1 2, 1 | 1 Dy | DB Al Bo 2 2 i 11 6 1 2, 3 9 8 | 14 8 | 15 Uf 7 9 3 7 3 5 6 3 1 5 iL 2 3 1 1 1 1 FNM WNFENMADDADELOWODAODRE NHN PARASITES. gi 1 2 1 1 — NOR RRR OD PWR POO OOH Ob oo 09 WInD. A AAA wm H HERR 24: A the Hessian Fly. 357 WEATHER. Cool. Warm. Sultry. Sultry. Warm. Wet. Wet. Wet and cool. Wet and cool. Warm. Very warm. Dull and warm. Dull and cool. Very cold and wet. Much cooler. [50°. Very much cooler: Dull and dark. Dull and dark. Duli and cold. Dull. Warm. Warm. Rain. Very warm. Warm. Very warm. Very warm. Cooler. Cooler. Cool. 2B Q 358 Mr. F. Enock’s life-history of Date. | Furies. {Parastres.| WIND. | WEATHER. lesen nase cael Ipecac = 9 | 2 W. Rain. 11 | | 1 140 1 W. Wet. 15 | 1 215 1 Augeyld) | lie N.W. | Wet. 18 1 | N.W. | Wet and warm. Sept. 1/ 1 1 | N.W. | Warm: very hot. 10 | may 3S | 84 |127 }1138 |119 84 113 Flies ...|.s00.. i211 232 Parasites. 211 Flies. 443 Total bred from 1458 puparia. FLIES AND PARASITES BRED FROM 1694 PUPARIA PICKED FROM ScREENINGS FRoM 1888 Harvest. 14—19 20—24 | Furies. |PARASITES. Date. Fries. [{Parastres. Ss ef ie | MCB E Eee ae eee 2 | May 27| 1 1 | 25—97 | 9 | 15 98 4 3 25 | 12 29 | 2 1 4 28—30 | Sys 1 30) 2 il 3 31 2, 4) 4 2, 10 | 13 June 2| 1 3 2 18 | 16 we 41) i 2 9 tf 3} 13 8 5 6 9 D, ila 4 9 2, 14 1 | 2, J uly 21 1 1 1 July 26] 7 4 1 27 &29| 4 4 30} 6 if 1 28 | 28 ye) 9 a Augie pis 63 iL $$] —— |___t___ 2, 3 | 62 | 55 1160 |159 iL 55 160 i 144 Larve. —— 18 17 — 319 261 Flies. 319 Parasites. 580 Bred from 1694 puparia, the Hessian Fly. 359 FLIES AND PARASITES BRED FROM PUPARIA FROM AMERICAN ‘Ratt WHEAT.” Date. FLIEs. Date. |PARASITES 1889. ? sex 5) 13 10 16 4 July 5 3 22, Parasites bred. e = WH AOwASIR] BF 2 +0 Sl epee HPoRwaAa Ne On June 11th I sent over 800 of the parasite, Semio- tellus nigripes, to Prof. Riley for the purpose of accli- matisation, but owing to the heat, &c., surrounding the mail bags, all died in transit. In the course of February and March I hope to be able to send a large number of puparia picked from screenings, and no doubt from these Prof. Riley and his assistants will be able to breed this exceedingly plentiful and most useful parasite in such numbers that it will soon obtain a footing in the United States, and, I trust, will make its presence felt. Since reading this paper, I have sent over 2000 puparia to Prof. Riley, of the U.S. Department of Agriculture at Washington, and to-day, May 8th, have received a letter as follows :—‘‘I duly received your favour of April 9th, and the accompanying box of puparia. Iam glad to say that these arrived in good condition, and that many of the parasites have already begun to issue; and that I have made arrangements to distribute them at four different points, so that I think the result of this experiment will be satisfactory.” During Sept., 1888, I found the puparia exceedingly plentiful all round the neighbourhood of Stroud, Glou- cestershire, which is the most westerly point where ‘‘the 360 Mr. F. Enock’s life-history oy pest” has been recorded from; not that it had not occurred there before, but there were no persons who troubled themselves to examine the crops. At Acock’s Green, near Birmingham, I found puparia in plenty in the barley stubble, together with the rarest thing I have ever met with, viz., a satisfied farmer: one who (as he said) ‘‘didn’t care a straw if the Hessian Fly was in his fields; he had hada good crop, and what more did he want? except to have me locked up for trespassing in his fields of stubble’! This specimen of an English farmer had not always been so contented; for years ago, so he told me, his crops of mangolds ‘“‘had been eaten up by the worm as turned to a little mot as lays thousands of egos in a minute! he knew, and had seen ’em do it in his ’at/”” The remembrance of this “little mot” was indeed bitter to this old ignoramus, who positively raved about it, and wanted to know why ‘ Parlimint didn’t do summut to help the poor farmer to live?” I quite agreed with him that something ought to be done, and so we parted good friends. Another farmer at Evesham had heard something about the Hessian Fly, but ‘‘hadn’t bothered himself about it,” though on examination of the stubble I found the puparia in plenty. I asked, What had he done with the screenings? ‘Oh, chucked ’em in a heap under a clump of trees’”’ was his reply, and there I found them just as they had come from the thresher; the farmer had made a “‘midden heap” of them, and that was enough for him ; and more than enough for others—for the abundant spread of the Hessian Fly over their fields. On Aug. 24th I wrote a letter to ‘The Times,’ sug- gesting the advisability of collecting the bent straws breeding the parasites, to turn down, and of course killing the flies. I argued then, as I do now, that if one person can in about four hours collect about 2000 puparia, a properly organised staff would be able to show far more important results; but though several papers noticed and commented on my letter, I believe I was the only person who continued to collect and breed the parasites. IT am afraid that very little preventive work can be done whilst the eggs are being laid; as this takes place from the latter end of April right on to the end of June, and it would be impossible to search the growing barley; the Hessian Fly. 361 and even after harvest, when there are so many self-sown plants, I doubt if it would answer. During the next stage, the larval, we do not see the result of their work; so we must wait another month, or until, say, the middle of July before we can find the bent straws, when, supposing there was any desire on the part of Government to do anything in the way of checking the pest, the puparia could, as | have already proved, be collected by thousands for the purpose of breeding the parasites. As an instance of what can and has been done in importing the natural enemies of a most injurious pest, I cannot do better than call the attention of everyone here present to Prof. Riley’s Report to the United States Committee of Agriculture on that most injurious pest, the Orange Scale (Icerya Purchast), which, as most horticulturists know, has utterly ruimed whole districts of orange-groves in California, &c., and bid fair to make ‘a clean sweep, until its natural enemy was discovered in Australia; and Prof. Riley, acting with that promptitude and ‘‘cuteness’’ which is part of the character of our American cousins, suggested to the United States Com- mission that agents should be sent out to collect this natural enemy, a species of lady-bird, and in this the Government at once acquiesced; no time was lost in looking out ‘‘red tape,’’ but the letter of submittal was made out, and Mr. Koebele started on his journey to Australia, ‘‘nothing doubting” or wanting either, deter- mined to obtain the insect for which he was sent; no such thought as, “‘ It can’t be done,” ‘‘ It isn’t practical,” &c., ever entered his mind, but he went on and on, gradually gaining experience and obtaining specimens, which he quickly sent home; these were as quickly placed in a large muslin tent covering an orange tree which was infested with the scale, and here the Vedalia set to work to feed and lay their eggs; the larva soon hatched, and commenced feeding upon the Icerya, eating and breeding so fast that in a short time there were sufficient beetles to permit of the poor eaten-out orange- growers coming with their boxes, &c., to carry away dozens of these precious ‘‘bugs” to transfer to their orchards, with the result that in a very short time scarcely an Icerya could be found! Now that we have a ‘‘Chamber of Agriculture,” no 362 Mr. F. Enock’s life-history of doubt our Government will do something of a practical nature to check the increase of these injurious insects ; and I am sure that I only express the desire of all present to-night, that more attention may be given to the study of Economic Entomology, and that we are now within measurable distance of the time when the “‘ poor distressed farmer” can go to the Natural History Museum and find comfort in studying the enemies of his crops, and also Nature’s provision for the extermination of these pests. If we want a pattern, we have only to turn to the United States of America, and its Department of Agri- culture, with Dr. C. V. Riley at the head of the Entomo- logical Division, aided by his assistants, all of whom seem to have imbibed his spirit. Any farmer, or anyone who is not a farmer, who may write to the Department about any insect is always treated in the most courteous manner, and should the letter relate to any insect little known, an agent is sent down to make enquiries, and not many months pass before the life-history and economy is known from beginning to end. I would here mention how very much I am indebted to Prof. Riley for his long-continued kindness and help in my study of the Hessian Fly and its parasites; and I would call special attention to that most useful of entomological pamphlets, ‘Insect Life,’ published by the Bureau of Agriculture, which contains the most practical sug- gestions relative to Economic Entomology, with numerous figures of insects, and details generally passed over by British entomologists. No doubt all who are here present will recollect the profound sensation caused among the inhabitants of Great Britain during the autumn of 1886, when the announcement was made that the Hessian Fly had been discovered in Hertfordshire. The newspapers were full of long articles written by learned and unlearned men, and in the periodicals figures of ‘“‘the pest’’ were given; “latest news’”’ and bulletins were issued with surprising rapidity, reporting the advance of the enemy, and that it was gradually spreading; but from this latter opinion I entirely disagreed, and I have not changed my opinion, that in whatever barley field, in whatever county an intelligent farmer or practical entomologist searched, there would be found the puparia of the Hessian Fly; and I quite agree with Prof. Riley that it had been the Hessian Fly. 363 breeding in Great Britain for some years, and we must confess that it had been overlooked until Mr. G. Palmer discovered it in his barley fields, July 27th, 1886. In September last (1890), whilst on a visit to friends in the island of Portland, I searched both wheat and barley fields with the usual result, that 1 found puparia in all of them; the last one visited surrounded the well- known lighthouse at ‘‘ Portland Bill,” the furthermost point on the island, and here the barley was still standing; and five minutes’ search revealed both larve and puparia in the injured stems ; these I showed to the keeper of the lighthouse, who informed me he had ‘‘heard tell of the Hessian Fly in the newspapers, but did not know how to go about to find it.” From reports we gather that some of the sleepy British farmers were stirred into activity to search for the pest, and in most cases found it in plenty; but, like all other things connected with Economic Entomology in Great Britain, the interest at first taken in the Hessian Fly has been gradually falling off, until in 1889 there were not (according to reports) a dozen farmers to be found in the whole land who cared one jot whether it was plentiful or not in their fields, though no doubt every one of them would have the usual grumble at the lightness of the crop. All practical entomologists who have studied the Hessian Fly in the fields agree that the preservation of the natural remedy—the parasites—is of the greatest importance. Perhaps a few quotations on this important subject will not be out of place. Dr. Asa Fitch, who was about the first to study the Hessian Fly in America, asserted that it was of the highest importance to encourage these parasites. In the ‘Third Report of the United States of America Entomological Commission for 1882,’ Dr. Packard, when referring to the subject of ‘‘ burning the stubbles,” writes: —‘‘ Although this remedy has been advocated, it will be seen to be worse than useless when we reflect that, after all the artificial means taken to reduce the number of the Hessian Fly, Nature’s method of checking its undue increase is far more important and thorough-going; we refer to the diffusion and multiplication of the insect parasites. As previously stated, most probably nine- tenths of the young Hessian Flies are destroyed in the 364 Mr. F. Enock’s life-history of larva or pupa state by the parasites already described. For the most part, these parasites live in the ‘ flax-seed’ contained in the straw, and appear in spring. Now, to burn the stubble in the autumn or early spring is simply to destroy these useful parasites, the best friends of the farmer. We do not hesitate to urge that the straw be untouched. On the contrary, the parasites should be gathered and bred in numbers. and we believe that practical entomologists should bend all their energies towards clearing up the subject of rearing and multiplying these insect hosts. Much knowledge and practical skill is needed in this direction, as occasionally by dissemi- nating the parasites their noxious hosts may be increased and distributed ; but knowing, as we do, how many more of the parasites are in many cases bred than the insects on which they prey, it seems safe and reasonable to advise not only not burning the stubble, but letting it stand, so that the parasites may finish their transforma- tions, become fledged, and ready, when the eggs and larve of the Hessian Fly are upon or in the young wheat, to destroy them. It is a matter of fact that in years when the Hessian Fly is specially abundant and destructive, similar seasons are highly favourable to the corresponding increase in the number of their insect or ichneumon parasites; they do their work so effectually that the few following years the numbers of Hessian Flies are greatly reduced. It is, then, to these parasites that we are indebted for the years of immunity from the the attacks of the Hessian Fly as much as to favourable and unfavourable weather.” Herr Wagner also states that, ‘‘The most effectual remedy in checking the excessive multiplication of the wheat-worm has been provided by Nature herself in the aid received from the parasites just mentioned. To spare them is a very important thing.” On July 30th, 1888, I ventured to bring the subject of breeding the parasites before the readers of the ‘ Mark Lane Express,’ for since my letter to ‘The Times’ I had had another year’s practical experience of rearing para- sites, so could speak still more positively as to what could be done. This letter was replied to in the following week, Aug. 6th, but in a totally different manner to what might have been expected. I was told, ‘“‘I was no farmer’’; that ‘“‘there were other difficulties in the the Hessian Fly. 365 practical applications of the subject, which a non- agriculturist may well be excused for not knowing, &c.” ; and in a subsequent letter, in reply to mine, the following most extraordinary paragraph appeared, viz., “It does not therefore follow that we are sure of their (the para- sites’) services; male and female have to meet, eggs be fertilised, and the female must find her way to the infested fields and stalks before the egg can be laid”! I must confess that I had never read anything con- nected with Economic Entomology which amused me so much as the remark that male insects have any difficulty in finding the females, and vice versé. Why? Was it not one of the first commands given to animals, ‘‘ to be fruitful and multiply’? and have we ever heard of female flies experiencing any difficulty in finding out the right place to deposit their eggs? Are they idle and feel “it can’t be done,” or do they ever forget to use their powers of flight and that most marvellous sense, whether of smell or touch, which enables them to know in an infinitesimally short time in what direction the food lies upon which their progeny must feed ? If they were under the guidance of a Committee, no doubt they would experience the greatest difficulty in these matters ; but being the work of the Creator, they are endowed with such powers that they do everything in accordance with His purpose; and whatever purpose or duty they have to perform, their whole life and energy seems taken up in carrying out that purpose. What a lesson is here set forth for us to go and do likewise ! For Explanation of Plate XVI. see next page. 366 Mr. F. Enock’s life-history of the Hessian Fly. Fic. 1. EXPLANATION OF PuatE XYI. Lateral and ventral view of head of larva (one day old) of Hessian Fly, x 140 diam. Lateral and ventral view of feeding larva, x 8 diam. Lateral and ventral view of head of feeding larva, x 36 diam. Lateral and ventral view of puparium, x 8 diam. Lateral and ventral view of third stage of larva, x 8 diam. Lateral and ventral view of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd segments of ditto, showing the head and anchor-process, x 36 diam. Head and anchor-process after having been squeezed flat, x 36 diam. Lateral and ventral view of pupa, x 8 diam. Vertical section through centre of barley-stalk, showing a feeding larva in situ. Vertical section through centre of bent barley-stalk ; puparium 77 situ. Vertical section through centre of bent barley-stalk ; 3rd stage larva im sitw within the puparium, head downwards and inwards towards the stalk. Vertical section through centre of bent barley-stalk ; drd stage larva commencing to turn round. Ditto, ditto, further advanced. Ditto, ditto, half-way round. Ditto, ditto, three-quarters round. Ditto, ditto, larva reversed, showing head wpwards and outwards towards the leaf-sheath. Vertical section through centre of bent barley-stalk ; pupa within puparium, and cast skin and anchor- process. Bent barley-stalk; pupa protruding, previous to the fly emerging. (Figs. 9 to 18 magnified 5 diam.) ( Bor) XIII. Mimetie resemblances between species of the Coleo- pterous genera Lema and Diabrotica. By CuaruEs J. Ganan, M.A., F.E.S., Assistant in the Zoological Department, British Museum. [Read March 4th, 1891.] Puate XVII. Wuen, a short time ago, I began to work at the phyto- phagous genus Diabrotica, I was somewhat puzzled to account for the strangely familiar appearances of some of the species; for I had never any reason, until then, to examine them very closely. Upon a little reflection, however, I suspected that, by looking into the cabinet drawers containing the species of Lema, which I had not long before arranged, I should be able to find the needful explanation. This suspicion proved correct. Certain species of Lema were seen to have the closest resemblance in colour and marking to those species of Diabrotica which had so perplexed me. If only one or two out of the five hundred species of Lema resembled one of the four hundred or more species of Diabrotica, the fact need not be considered very extraordinary ; but it certainly does seem deserving of notice that as many as fifteen or sixteen species of the one genus should present the most striking analogical resemblances to corresponding species of the other. The resemblance, it need scarcely be said, was found to be most pronounced between specimens from the same localities. It would be fruitless to attempt to convey by descrip- tion a clear idea of the similarity in colour and style of marking ; so that I do not intend to give here more than a brief indication of the points of resemblance between a few of the species. In Diabrotica 10-guttata, Oliv. (see Baly) —a very variable species, occurring abundantly in the Amazonian regions—the head is black, the eighth and ninth joints of the antenne are whitish, the remaining joints brownish TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—PaRT Il. (JUNE.) 368 Mr. C. J. Gahan on mimetic resemblances black ; the prothorax is yellowish tawny ; the elytra, in typical examples, have a shining brownish black colour, and each is marked with five rounded tawny spots arranged in the order 2,2,1. The femora are fulvous, the tibie and tarsi black. A repetition of these details would almost exactly describe the coloration and style of marking of Lema Batesii, Baly, a species from the same regions. In this species, however, the two middle spots of each elytron are usually united to form a sort of transverse band. In one variety of D. 10-guttata nearly all the black colour is obliterated from the basal three-fourths of the elytra ; the apical spot on each remains surrounded by a somewhat irregular black border. This variety occurs in Ecuador and the Upper Amazons, and has its counterfeit in a species of Lema (L. oculata, Lac.), also from Keuador. Lema nigrovittata, Guér., found in Mexico and North America, has the elytra striped with black and yellow in close imitation of Diabrotica vittata, Fab., which is very common in the same localities. Other striped species of the two genera are very much alike. The most remarkable, perhaps, are the Mexican species, L. bisbwvittata, Clark, and D. Fatrmairei, Baly. They are of about the same size. ‘The pale yellow stripes of their elytra correspond almost exactly in position and in width. ‘The elytra have in each species the same peculiar violet-brown ground colour, and they are, moreover, raised into narrow longitudinal costze between the rows of punctures with which they are impressed. So that in colour, sculpture, and pattern of marking the elytra in the two species offer a strong resemblance. It is not often that two species of different genera are more deceptively alike than L. dimidiaticornis, de Borre, and D. lepida, Say. These are also found in Mexico. The head and prothorax in both are of the same reddish colour. In D. lepida the elytra are glossy black, and each is marked with two confluent ivory-like spots near the middle, with a similar spot near the apex. In L. dimidiaticornis the elytra have a glossy bluish black colour, and are each marked with a transverse yellowish band at the middle, and with a spot of the same colour near the apex. The transverse band is often slightly constricted in its middle, so that it comes more closely to resemble the two confluent spots occupying a similar position in the Diabrotica. between species of Lema and Diabrotica. 369 Lema Buckleyi, Baly, and Diabrotica elegans, Baly, both from Ecuador, are extremely alike. The general tone of colour in each isa pale yellow. The elytra are crossed by two bright metallic-blue or green bands—one at the base, the other behind the middle. These bands in the two species correspond exactly in shape, extent, and position. Given the outline of one species to fill in, and the other species as a model from which to copy, it would be difficult for an artist to more faithfully repro- duce the colours and design than Nature has done in this case. It is a rather happy coincidence in nomenclature that the same specific name has been applied to a Diabrotica and a Lema, both from Central America, and both closely resembling each other. This name—biannularis —pretty well expresses the character common to the two species. In each the pale yellow elytra carry four somewhat circular metallic-blue figures. The two basal figures are usually complete circles, the two posterior figures are generally crescentic or arcuate in form. Sufficient has been stated to show that the resemblances are not confined to species exhibiting one particular kind of pattern, but that almost every style of marking occurring in the genera is represented among the imita- tive forms. It remains for me now to offer some explanation of the resemblances here recorded. I believe they are cases of true ‘‘mimicry”’; that the species of Diabrotica are protected, and that the species of Lema derive advantage by mimicking them. At first it might seem that the Lemas, owing to the harder covering of their bodies, were the protected species, and that the softer- bodied Diabroticas were the mimics, just as certain Longicorns and other beetles mimic the hard Curcu- honide. But the following considerations will, I think, bear out in some measure the opinion which I have expressed. The species of Diabrotica are very numerous in in- dividuals, some of them occurring in swarms in the localities in which they are found. A considerable variety of colour and style of marking runs throughout the genus Diabrotica. ‘This is true also, to some extent, of the Lemas of America; but, as a rule, the Lemas of the Old World, though often exhibiting metallic tints, 370 Mr. C. J. Gahan on mimetic resemblances are much less varied in their markings. It would seem from this that certain species of Lema had departed somewhat from the style of marking prevalent in their genus in order to mimic species of Diabrotica living in the same localities. This view is all the more reasonable when it is taken into account that the shape of the elytra in some of the mimicking Lemas approximates more to that of the mimicked Diabroticas than to the form customary in their own genus. There are, in fact, one or two species of Lema with their elytra so shaped and coloured that one might almost venture to predict that they will be found to mimic species of Galerucide. Mr. Bates has mentioned some cases of Longicorns which mimic Galerucide. One of these is Oxylymma giblicollis, Bates, which, he says, closely resembles a species of Diabrotica. Mr. Jacoby, without, I think, suggesting any explana- tion of the facts, has recorded that many of the species of his genus Neobrotica exhibit most striking resem- blances to species of the closely-related genus Diabrotica. There are a few species of other allied genera which also resemble species of Diabrotica. Dircema fraterna, described by the late Mr. Baly and originally placed by him in Diabrotica, has a most deceptive resemblance to Diabrotica triplagiata, a species from the same locality. This example is all the more remarkable, because D. fraterna, with its glabrous and highly polished elytra, is very unlike most of the other species of Dircema, which are covered with a kind of velvety pubescence. If the species of Diabrotica are not favoured in some particular way, why do we find them mimicked not only by species of allied, but also by species of widely separated genera? The genus Lema is to be distinguished from Diabrotica by decided structural differences. In Lema the antenne are inserted far apart, and the prothorax is narrow and cylindrical in form. In Diabrotica the antenne are quite close together at their points of insertion, and the prothorax is somewhat flattened, and has sharp lateral edges. The two genera belong, in fact, to different subfamilies. Common ancestry cannot, therefore, be regarded as a possible explanation of the resemblance between species of the two genera. Simi- larity in their surroundings and in their habits of life between species of Lema and Diabrotica. 371 may have something to do with it. Butif, as I have been led to suspect, the species of Diabrotica are pro- tected by some nauseous property, this in itself would be a sufficient explanation. I have, within the last few weeks, been able to get some evidence tending to show that the species of Diabrotica are so protected. Lacordaire, in his ‘ Mémoire sur les habitudes des Insectes coléoptéeres de l’Amérique méridionale’* states, when writing of the genus Galeruca, that ‘‘ the large species, G. cyanipennis, Fab., xanthodera, lycoides, De}., &e., simulate death when captured, and secrete an abundant yellow fluid through their mouth and the joints of their legs. In another, G. viridis, Dej., this liquid is colourless, and sufficient in quantity to entirely cover the insect. The small species have not this faculty.’’t I have not been able to identify G. cyanipennis, Fab., but it is given in Gemminger’s catalogue as a species of Diabrotica. The G. viridis of Dejean has been described by von Harold under the name of Diabrotica marginata. Neither of these is in the list of mimicked species which I have appended. But it is safe, I think, to assume that Lacordaire’s observations apply to all the larger species of Diabrotica. The secretion of a special fluid of this kind is usually found to be a protection to the insect which secretes it. It might be argued that the species of Lema are, perhaps, similarly protected. At present there is no evidence to show this. Lacordaire has care- fully noted the different genera whose species secrete a nauseous fluid, but in referring to Lema he does not mention this property. In reference to this point, three species of Lema from Borneo are very suggestive. These, at first sight, look very unlike Lemas, and might easily be mistaken for Hispide. In Lema monstrosa, Baly, the resemblance is greatest. The rough elytra of this Species are furnished with a number of highly-raised and sharply-pointed conical tubercles. In its red- coloured thorax and black elytra it agrees with a species of Hispa found in the same island. You have only to imagine the very fine ends of the Hispa’s spines to be broken off in order to arrive at the style of armour met with in the Lema. The remaining two species of Lema mimic the Hispa in the same way, but to a less degree. * ¢ Annales des Sciences Naturelles,’ vols. xx. and xxi. 1p dois Coy FESlag Wor WEDS TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891,—PART II. (JUNE,) 20 372 Mr. C.J. Gahan on mimetic resemblances The three species form, in fact, a graduated series, showing how the process of adaptation has gone on. As is the rule in such cases, the mimicked Hispa appears to be abundant, whereas the mimicking Lemas are appa- rently very rare. As an additional reason for believing that the species of Diabrotica are a protected group, it may be mentioned that some of the species belonging to one section in this genus are, in colour and marking, extremely like certain species of the other section which come from the same localities. Now this, according to Mr. Wallace, is a phenomenon that does not often occur in unprotected groups, though it is frequently to be met with in pro- tected genera. The resemblances between species of Neobrotica and certain species of Diabrotica will probably have to be placed in the same category as those between species belonging to the two different sections of Diabrotica. Fresh observations upon the species of Lema and Diabrotica in their living state will have to be made before it can be definitely established that the resem- blances between them are cases of true mimicry; but the facts, so far as they are at present known, are, I submit, strongly in favour of this conclusion. List OF THE SPECIES. Those that closely resemble each other are bracketed together :— Habitat. Lema Batesvi, Baly ..........sessesecres Amazons. Diabrotica 10-guttata, Oliv. ......... ‘5 and Cayenne. DLeema oculata, Lac. .socc.cscccccsssecees Ecuador. Diabrotica 10-guttata, Oliv., var.... 5) , Upper Amazons. oe nigrovittata, GUEL. ..cccccceres Mexico and N. America. Diabrotica vittata, Fab.............+.- - 3 Lema bisbivittata, Clark...........000 Mexico. Sagano Fairmairet, Baly.......0. m Lema vittatupennis, Baly ......seeeee Amazons, | Diabrotica separata, Baly .........06 . Lema Buckleyt, Baly .........-..s0000 Ecuador. {| Diabrotion elegans, Baly,. < { Liens (Ouyfitith, Olin) ocnosonqooocdoncecon Cayenne. Diabrotica 5-maculata, Fab.......... 3 * (Lema mystica, Lac., var. ........+... South Brazil. | Diabrotion Clarkella, Baly............ 5 ae did, Bally... c etreausacneaaeete Amazons. Diabrotica alcyone, Baly .......00+- “3 {Lema amazond, Baly .....cccsceeseeees Upper Amazons. (+Diabrotica triplagiata, Baly ...... 5 (Lema dimidiaticornis, de Borre .... Mexico. |Diabrotica lepida, Say ......ercsseoee 45 Lema crucifera, Clark..............00+- Cayenne. { | Cerotoma arcuata, Oliv. ...--eeeeeee FA ** This species may be briefly characterised as follows :—Head and hind breast black; prothorax transverse, nitid, testaceous; elytra yellowish, with the suture anteriorly, a submarginal band on each extending from the shoulder to near the apex, and a small spot on each just inside the hinder extremity of the lateral band, black. Antenne dark brown, with the scape yellowish brown, and three or four of the apical joints pale tawny; with the third, fourth, and fifth jomts thickened in the male. Legs tawny; inter mediate tibie in the male slightly curved, thickened from above the middle to the discal extremity ; intermediate femora in the male each with a small tooth a little below the middle of the ventral side. Middle legs in the female normal. + Dircema fraterna, Baly, is deceptively like Diabrotica tri- plagiata, and is found in the same localities. | The genus Cerotoma is nearly allied to Diabrotica. For Explanation of Plate XVII. see next page. 9c2 3874 Resemblances between species of Lema, &c. EXPLANATION OF Puate XVII. Fic. 1. Diabrotica 10-guttata, Oliv. 2. Lema Batesit, Baly. 3. Diabrotica 10-guttata, Oliv., var. 4. Lema oculata, Lac. 5. Diabrotica vittata, Fab. 6. Lema nigrovittata, Guer. . 7. Diabrotica triplagiata, Baly. 8. Lema amazona, Baly. 9. Diabrotica elegans, Baly. 10. Lema Buckleyt, Baly. 11. Diabrotica alcyone, Baly. 12. Lema dia, Baly. 13. Diabrotica lepida, Say. 14. Lema dimidiaticornis, de Borre. 15. Diabrotica biannularis, v. Harold. 16. Lema biannularis, Clark. 17. Diabrotica boliviana, v. Harold. 18. Lema trivirgata, Lac., var. 19. Cerotoma arcuaia, Oliv. 20. Lema crucifera, Clark. The figures are drawn twice the natural size; the effect of which is to exaggerate the differences and diminish the resemblances between the species. (4°375)7)) XIV. A list of the Heteromerous Coleoptera collected by Mr. J. J. Walker, R.N., F.L.8., in the region of the Straits of Gibraltar, with descriptions of four new species. By Grorcs C. Cuampion, F.Z.S. [Read April 1st, 1891. | Tue following list of the Heteromerous Coleoptera from the Straits of Gibraltar is intended as a continuation of the paper contributed by Mr. Walker himself on the Macro-Lepidoptera of this region (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, pp. 861, et seq.). Mr. Walker’s captures include many species not recorded by Rosenhauer in his important work, ‘Die Thiere Andalusiens’ (1856); Mr. Walker, however, was unable to collect so far inland as the Sierra Nevada, where very many of Rosenhauer’s insects were obtained. The collection made by him at Gibraltar (including Algeciras, the cork-woods, &c., a radius of at least ten miles inland) is a very extensive one, and must be by far the most complete ever got together at this place. A certain number of species were obtained at Malaga, and these are also included. On the opposite coast, at Ceuta, Djebel Mousa (Apes’ Hill), Esmir, Tetuan, Benzis Bay, Tangier, Peregil Island, &¢., important but less extensive collections were made, more especially in the vicinity of Tetuan ; his opportunities of visiting Tangier were, however, few and far between, so that he did not obtain examples of many well-known Tangier species. The Gibraltar collection cannot contain fewer than 1200 species of Coleoptera; examples of about 950 of these were ex- hibited by myself on one occasion at a meeting of this Society. With the Maroccan insects, and the few collected at Malaga, the total number of species of Coleoptera obtained probably exceeds 1500. From the point of geographical distribution the collection is particularly interesting, as showing which species are confined to the European and which to the TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—-PART II. (JUNE.) 376 Mr. G. C. Champion’s list of African side of the Straits, and those that are common to both. As it would necessarily take a considerable time to determine such a large number of species, a list of the ‘‘ Heteromera”’ is offered as a first instalment, in the hope that lists of the species of the other groups of the Coleoptera may be subsequently supplied, either by myself or others. Mr. Walker obtained altogether examples of 191 species of this group ; of these 64 were met with on both sides of the Straits, 89 on the European side only, 38 on the African side only. Four or five species are additions to the European list, and four are described as new. In addition to Rosenhauer’s important work on the Andalusian Coleoptera, two other valuable papers have been published on the Coleoptera of this region :—(1). “Hine entomologische Wintercampagne in Spanien,” by G. Dieck (Berl. ent. Zeitschr., 1870, pp. 145—184) ; an English translation of this interesting article is given in the ‘Entomologist’ for 1888, pp. 88—43, 75—81). This contains an account of the Coleoptera observed at various places on the European side (Algeciras, &c.), and also at Tangier, but a general summary of the Species is not given. (2). ‘‘ Entomologische Reise nach dem sudlichen Spanien,’ by Lucas von Heyden (Berl. ent. Zeitschr., 1870, Beih. pp. 1—175). Rosenhauer enumerated 205 species of Heteromera from Andalusia, but of these about thirty are inserted on the authority of Waltl, examples not having been obtained by him; some of Waltl’s names (and Rosen- hauer’s also) are merely synonyms. ‘This is a con- siderably larger number than Mr. Walker’s (153), but it must be remembered that Rosenhauer collected in the Sierra Nevada, and also at Cadiz, Granada, Malaga, &c., as well as in the vicinity of Algeciras and Gibraltar ; nevertheless, the following list adds about 56 species to Rosenhauer’s list. Of the species occurring on the Maroccan coast, and which do not cross the Straits, perhaps Lagria viridi- pennis, Fabr., is the most striking, it bemg abundant at Tetuan. Helops tuberculipennis, Luc., and Oncomera marmorata, Eyr., are not included in yon Heyden, Reitter, and Weise’s European Catalogue (1891). Of the four species described as new, two are from the Heteromerous Coleoptera. 377 vicinity of Gibraltar, and two from the Maroccan coast. From a study of the following list it will be seen that by far the larger number of the species of the Hetero- mera are common to §. Europe and Marocco; but, as there is no published catalogue of the Maroccan Coleo- ptera, a precise analysis cannot be given. I am indebted to Herr E. Reitter and M. Allard for their assistance in determining some of the doubtful forms, and also for furnishing me with examples of various species for comparison. Marked * new to Rosenhauer’s Andalusian list. TENEBRIONIDA. Zophosis minuta, Fabr. (suborbicularis, Sol.). Gibraltar ; sandy places, common. Also at Tetuan and Tangier. Erodius tibialis, Linn. (ewropeus, Sol.). Tangier; common. Not met with in the vicinity of Gibraltar, but recorded by Rosenhauer from San Lucar and Cadiz. Erodius carinatus, Sol. (latus, Sol.). Gibraltar ; sandy places, plentiful. Also at Tetuan and Tangier. Hrodius rugosus, Kr. (puncticollis, Rosenh.). Gibraltar; Campo Common, in summer ; not common. Not observed on the Maroccan side of the Straits. Pachychila Salzmanni, Sol.* Gibraltar ; in tufts, under stones, &c., common. Also at Ceuta, Tetuan, and Tangier. Recorded by Crotch from Gibraltar [Petites Nouv. Ent., 1., p. 49 (1870) J, and by Dieck from Algeciras, Gibraltar, and Tangier. Pachychila nitens, Sol.* Gibraltar ; a few examples. 378 Mr. G. C. Champion’s list of Pachychila Dejeani, Bess. (subovata, Bess.). Tetuan; one example, perhaps belonging to this species. Pachychila Steveni, Sol. Tetuan ; one specimen. Both this species and the preceding are upon the European list. Pachychila Germari, Sol. (bifida, Rosenh.). Gibraltar; sandy places, neutral ground, &¢.; common. Also at Tetuan. Tentyria elongata, Waltl (sinuatocollis, Rosenh.). _ Gibraltar ; sandy places, abundant. Also at Tetuan. Tentyria gaditana, Rosenh. Gibraltar ; cork-woods, rare. September, 1887. Tentyria platyceps, Stev. (Goudoti, Sol., modesta, Rosenh.). Gibraltar ; in tufts and under stones, Campo and San Roque. The var. modesta was found by Rosenhauer in the Sierra Nevada. ay Tentyria levis, Sol. Malaga ; not uncommon. Adelostoma sulcatum, Dup. - Gibraltar; in tufts and under stones; common. Speci- mens collected at Tetuan, Marocco, have the median carina of the head extending almost to the base; these are, no doubt, referable to A. cristatum, Eschsch., which, according to Haag, is merely a variety of A. sulcatum, Dup. Stenosis hispanica, Sol. Gibraltar ; more local than the following, but abun- dant. Also at Djebel Mousa (Apes’ Hill), and Tetuan, Marocco. Stenosis hesperica, Sol. Gibraltar; at roots of herbage, abundant. Also at Tetuan and ‘Tangier. Heteromerous Coleoptera. 379 Dichillus leviusculus, Kr. Tangier; one example.t Dichillus subcostatus, Sol. ~ Gibraltar ; under bark, in the cork-woods. Dichillus andalusicus, Rosenh. Gibraltar; chiefly under stones, very common; Campo, &c. Neither this nor the preceding species were met with on.the Maroccan side of the Straits, where they appear to be replaced by closely allied forms. Elenophorus collaris, Linn. Malaga; one example. Benzts Bay, Marocco; one example. Morica planata, Fabr. Gibraltar ; North Front ; locally very abundant. Also at Tangier and Tetuan. Akis acuminata, Fabr. Gibraltar; Rock, North Front, neutral ground, Campo, &c.; abundant. Scaurus uncinus, Forst. (gigas, Waltl, hespericus, Sol.). Gibraltar; neutral ground, &c.; not rare. Also at Tetuan. Scaurus tristis, Oliv.* Gibraltar. Also at Tetuan. Scaurus sticticus, Gemm. ( punctatus, Herbst). Gibraltar; Rock, neutral ground, San Roque, &c.; common. Also at Benzts Bay and Tangier. Blaps lusitanica, Herbst. Benzus Bay and Tangier, Marocco. Numerous ex- amples of both sexes of a large Blaps resembling B. gages seem to belong to this species, from European specimens of which the males differ in being a little less convex and more elongate. Three of these specimens (two males + This species is not included in the last edition of the European Catalogue (1891) ; I, however, possess a specimen of it from Carta- gena. 380 Mr. G. C. Champion’s list of and one female) have the entire upper surface very opaque ; they were collected at Benzts Bay with others which have the upper surface slightly shining, and I have very little doubt they are merely a variety of the same species. The males of both forms are without the characteristic tuft of fulvous hairs between the first and second ventral segments; the only other large species mentioned by Allard in his monograph (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1880—1882) as possessing this character being B. caudigera, Gemm., which, however, isa larger and broader insect. The caudal appendages are formed exactly as in B. lusitanica, long in the male, shorter in the female, and scarcely dehiscent at the apex. The posterior femora are denticulate and the tibie of the same pair of legs are slightly sinuous in the male. M. Allard has examined one of the opaque females, and states that the species is unknown to him. Blaps gages, Linn. Tangier ; one male example. Blaps armeniaca, Fald. (plana, Sol.). Gibraltar ; not uncommon. To judge from Allard’s description and figure (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1881, p. 171, fig. 48), and from comparison with numerous specimens so named by him, the commonest Blaps at Gibraltar is referable to B. armeniaca, Fald., and not to B. gages, Linn. Blaps hispanica, Sol. Gibraltar; North Front; not uncommon. All the specimens are comparatively small in size. Blaps brachyura, Kast. Gibraltar; North Front. Female examples only obtained, two of which have been thus determined by M. Allard. Blaps similis, Latr. (fatidica, St.). Gibraltar ; one example. Asida holosericea, Germ. (Ramburi, Sol.). Malaga. Asida luctwosa, Rosenh. Gibraltar ; occasionally found on paths in the spring. Heteromerous Coleoptera. 381 Asida Kraatz, All. Of this species two specimens were captured on Peregil Island, on the Maroccan coast. Allard’s examples came from Tetuan. Asida inquinata, Rosenh. Gibraltar ; found in tufts and under stones ; not rare. Also at Tetuan and Tangier. Asida Goudoti, Sol., var. ventricosa, Sol. Gibraltar ; one dead specimen in the second pine- wood. Asida barbara, All. Benzus Bay, Marocco; one example. Asida cincta, Rosenh. Malaga; not rare. Asida rugosa, Fabr. (Fabrici, All.). Tangier ; not uncommon. Pimelia variolosa, Sol. Gibraltar ; on the Rock, &c.; not rare. Pimelia maura, Sol. Gibraltar ; chiefly beyond San Roque; not rare. Also at Ceuta, Tetuan, and Tangier. Pimelia ruida, Sol. Malaga. Also occurs at Almeria. Pimelia forncata, Herbst. Gibraltar; North Front, neutral ground, &c.; common. Also at Tangier. Pimelia Boyeri, Sol. Tangier ; two specimens. Pimelia scabrosa, Sol. Tetuan, Marocco; a few examples. Not met with at Gibraltar, but it is recorded from Spain. 382 Mr. G. C. Champion’s list of Sepidium bidentatum, Sol. Gibraltar ; cork-woods and on the Rock, in spring ; not common. Malaga; abundant. Sepidium barbarum, Sol. Tangier ; one specimen. Recorded from Europe. Crypticus gibbulus, Quens. Gibraltar; North Front, neutral ground, &¢.; common. Also at Tangier and Benzts Bay, Marocco. Crypticus pruinosus, Duf. Gibraltar ; sandy beaches, at roots of plants ; common. Not met with on the Maroccan coast. Oochrotus unicolor, Luc. ers Gibraltar ; in nests of Atta barbara; abundant. Also at Tangier. Dendarus pectoralis, Muls.* Gibraltar ; three examples. Also at Tetuan, Benzus Bay, and Tangier, Marocco. Dendarus castilianus, Pioch.* Gibraltar ; not uncommon. Chiefly found under bark. These specimens differ from D. pectoralis in having the elytral interstices more or less convex, and the sides of the thorax less abruptly constricted behind, thus agreeing with Piochard’s description. Rosenhauer does not men- tion either of these species, the only Dendarus (Pandurus) recorded by him being D. Aubei, Muls., an insect not met with by Mr. Walker. Dendarus insidiosus, Muls.* Gibraltar; not uncommon. Also at Tangier. Phylax littoralis, Muls.* Gibraltar ; one specimen only. Litoborus planicollis, Waltl. Gibraltar ; under stones, &c.; not rare. Heteromerous Coleoptera. 383 Litoborus Moreleti, Luc.* Tetuan, Marocco. A single specimen from Gibraltar seems to belong to the same species. Micrositus furvus, Muls.* Malaga ; common. Micrositus obesus, Waltl (beticus, Muls.). Gibraltar ; in the cork-woods; rare. Alsoat Malaga. Isocerus ferrugineus, Fabr. Gibraltar ; at roots of herbage on the beach ; common. Also at Tetuan and Tangier. Heltopathes cribratostriatus, Muls. Tangier; a few examples. Not met with on the European side of the Straits ; the species, however, has been recorded from Spain. Heliopathes interstitialis, Muls. _ Djebel Mousa (Apes’ Hill) and Tetuan, Marocco; not uncommon. Heliopathes emarginatus, Fabr. (variolosus, Luc.).* Gibraltar ; notuncommon. These examples seem to agree better with Mulsant’s description of H. emarginatus than with his definition of any other species of the genus; the determination, however, is doubtful. Rosen- hauer and Dieck both record H. ibericus, Muls., from Algeciras ; Mr. Walker’s examples, however, do not fit Mulsant’s description of that species, nor do they agree with a specimen of H. ibericus forwarded to me for com- parison by Herr EH. Reitter. Heliopathes (Olocrates) planiusculus, Muls. Gibraltar ; rare. Also, commonly, at Peregil Island and Tangier, Marocco. 384 Mr. G. C. Champion’s list of Heliopathes (Olocrates) latipennis, n. sp. Moderately elongate, rather convex, dull black; the head very densely and rugosely punctured, the eyes completely divided by the gene ; the prothorax broader than long, transversely convex, semi- circularly emarginate in front, finely margined at the sides and base, moderately rounded at the sides anteriorly, gradually nar- rowed posteriorly, and subparallel at the extreme base, the hind angles prominent, rectangular or a little projecting, the entire surface very densely and uniformly punctured, and with traces of a smooth median line; the elytra distinctly wider than the pro- thorax, convex, moderately long, widest about the middle, parallel towards the base, with the humeri projecting in front and excavate within for the reception of the hind angles of the prothorax, finely striate, the striz with rather coarse not very closely placed punc- tures, the interstices thickly and minutely punctured, feebly con- vex; legs stout, the anterior tibie triangularly dilated, but not very broadly so, the anterior tarsi simple. Length 9—10, breadth 4—4}, millim. Tetuan, Marocco. Three examples, their sex not ascertained. Closely allied to H. planiusculus, Muls., but duller, less elongate, and more convex; the head and thorax less finely punctured; the thorax a little broader at the base, and not so strongly constricted at the sides behind ; the elytra very distinctly broader than the thorax, more coarsely punctate-striate, the interstices very feebly but distinctly convex ; the anterior tibie less widened towards the apex. In the prominent humeri this species ap- proaches the genus Phylax, but it is evidently better placed in the Olocrates section of Heliopathes ; it agrees, in fact, in most of its characters, with H. planiusculus, which is one of those species with the anterior tarsi undilated in the male. The form of the humeri sepa- rates it from Micrositus, and that of the anterior tibize from Litoborus. Pseudolamus pusillus, Baudi (seriatoporus, Fairm.).* > b] Gibraltar ; in tufts of grass, &c., Campo Common ; rare. Also commonly at Tangier, and rarely at Tetuan. Heteromerous Coleoptera. 385 Scleron armatum, Waltl. Gibraltar ; in tufts of grass, &c., Campo; abundant. Also at Tetuan. Cnemeplatia atropos, Costa.* Gibraltar; chiefly on walls, late summer; common. Also at Tangier. Opatrum porcatum, Fabr. Djebel Mousa (Apes’ Hill), Tetuan, and Tangier; not uncommon. Recorded from the Balearic Islands and Sicily. Opatrum beticum, Rosenh. Malaga; common. Opatrum (Gonocephalum) rusticum, Oliv. Gibraltar ; under stones, North Front, &c.; common. Also at Tetuan. Possibly this is the O. lugens of Dieck. Opatrum (Gonocephalum) pusillum, Fabr. Gibraltar ; in tufts of grass, &c., Campo and other places; not rare. Also at Tangier. _ Opatroides thoracicus, Rosenh. Gibraltar ; under stones, not rare. Also at Tangier. Leichenum pulchellum, Kust. Gibraltar; sandy places, notcommon. Also at Tetuan. Anemia granulata, Lap., var. sardoa, Géné.* Gibraltar; on the North Front road, common, in summer. Ammophthorus rufus, Luc. (rugosus, Rosenh.). Gibraltar ; sandy places, at roots of herbage ; com- mon. Also at Tetuan. Trachyscelis aphodioides, Latr.* Gibraltar ; eastern beach, not common. Also at Tetuan. 386 Mr. G. C. Champion’s list of Phaleria oblonga, Kust. Gibraltar; at the roots of herbage and under carcases on the beach; common. Also at Tetuan. Phaleria cadaverina, Fabr. Tangier; not met with at Gibraltar. Recorded by Rosenhauer from Malaga. Alphitophagus 4-pustulatus, Steph. Gibraltar ; one specimen found beneath decaying fig- bark on the Rock. Pentaphyllus testaceus, Hellw.* Gibraltar ; in dead locust tree, Alameda ; abundant. Tribolium ferrugineum, Fabr. Gibraltar ; occasionally on walls. Gnathocerus cornutus, Fabr. Gibraltar ; on walls. Palorus melinus, Herbst (depressus, Fabr.).* Gibraltar ; plentifully in a dead oak, at the edge of the second pine-wood. Corticeus fasciatus, Fabr.* Gibraltar ; plentifully in a dead oak, at the edge of the second pine-wood. Alphitobius diaperinus, Panz. ~ Gibraltar. Cataphronetis crenata, Germ. Tetuan; not uncommon. Not met with at Gibraltar. Recorded by Rosenhauer from Cadiz. Cossyphus Hoffmannseggi, Herbst. Gibraltar ; very plentifully under stones near Campo. Also at Peregil Island, Djebel Mousa (Apes’ Hill), Tetuan, and Tangier, TTeteromerous Coleoptera. 387 Cossyphus Dejeant, de Bréme. Gibraltar ; under same conditions as the preceding ; plentiful. Also at Tetuan and Tangier. Cossyphus incostatus, de Bréme. Algeciras ; under stones, clay soil; common. Also at Djebel Mousa (Apes’ Hill), Marocco. Recorded by Dieck from Tangier. Cossyphus tuberculatus, de Bréme. Recorded by Rosenhauer from Algeciras. Only met with on the Maroccan side, at Tangier. Cossyphus pygmeus, de Breme.* Algeciras ; under stones, common, March 16th, 1889. Also plentifully at Tangier. Tenebrio obscurus, Fabr. Gibraltar ; picked up in the town. Calcar elongatum, Herbst. Gibraltar; under stones, &c., Campo; abundant. Also freely at Tetuan and Tangier. Calcar humerale, n. sp. Smaller and less elongate than C. elongatum ; the upper surface more opaque ; the eyes still smaller, transverse, distant from the base of the head; the head and prothorax a little more finely and shallowly punctured ; the prothorax with the sides parallel in their median third, rounded in front, and obliquely converging just before the base, the hind angles well defined ; the elytra relatively much shorter than in C. elongatum, not or barely exceeding twice the length of the prothorax, the strie deeper and more finely, shallowly, and more closely crenate-punctate, the interstices moderately convex on the disc, strongly so towards the sides, and sparsely and minutely punctured, the lateral carina sharper and extending right up to the base (visible from above), the humeri considerably prolonged in front and subtuberculiform, the sides almost parallel at the base; the legs shorter than in C. elongatum ; the anterior tibize bent inwards at the apex (the intermediate pair TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—pPaRTU. (JUNE.) 2D 388 Mr. G. C. Champion’s list of also, but less distinctly so), the posterior tibize very feebly dilated on the inner side within about the middle, and all the femora a little more swollen, in the male; the other characters very much as in C. elongatum. Length 73—73 millim. (f 9). One female and two male examples, all from Tangier. Abundantly distinct from C. elongatum in numerous particulars, more especially by the very prominent sub- tuberculiform humeri, the relatively much shorter elytra (in C. elongatum they are considerably more than twice the length of the thorax), these being almost parallel at the base, the distinct hind angles to the thorax, the more convex elytral interstices, and the deeper and more finely punctured striz. The very small, narrow, trans- verse eyes, which are distant from the base of the head, separate C. humerale at once from all the species of the section Centorus, Muls., of which two, C. Lucasi, Muls., and C. Raffrayi, Fairm., have been described from Algeria. C. clongatuwm is a common species at Tangier, and the two were apparently collected together. Cen- torus procerus, Muls., is recorded by Rosenhauer from Algeciras. Boromorphus tagenioides, Luc. Gibraltar ; in dry tufts of grass and under stones ; abundant. Also at Tangier and Tetuan. Dilamus rufipes, Luc.* Gibraltar ; beyond San Roque, a few under stones, &c., March, 1888. Also at Tangier ; common. Misolampus Goudoti, Guér. Djebel Mousa (Apes’ Hill) and Ceuta, Marocco; under loose bark. Not met with on the opposite side of the Straits, but recorded from Europe. Helops coriaceus, Kust. Gibraltar ; under loose cork-bark, cork-woods; spar- ingly. Helops (Nalassus) pallidus, Curt.* Gibraltar ; chiefly on the east beach at roots of her- bage; not rare. Recorded by Dieck from Gibraltar and Tangier, TT eteromerous Coleoptera. 389 FHelops (Nalassus) nanus, Kust. (parvulus, Luc.). Gibraltar ; under stones, in tufts of grass, flood refuse, &e.; occasional. Also at Tetuan. Helops (Nalassus) parvulus, Ramb. Gibraltar ; one mutilated example, perhaps belonging to this species. Helops (Nalassus) tingitanus, All. Tetuan ; three examples. Helops (Stenomax) calpensis, n. sp.* Oblong-ovate, moderately convex, blackish brown, shining, the elytra with a very faint brassy lustre, the labrum and oral organs fusco-testaceous. Head deeply transversely depressed in front, very closely and finely punctured; antenne fusco-ferruginous, rather slender, in the male reaching to about the basal fourth of the elytra, in the female a little shorter; prothorax strongly transverse, transversely convex, scarcely broader at the base than at the apex, the base and apex feebly bisinuate, the sides finely margined, rounded and dilated before the middle (less distinctly so in the female), narrowed and slightly sinuate behind, the hind angles subrectangular, the basal fovez feebly indicated, the surface closely, finely, and almost equally punctured (the punctuation a little more diffuse than that of the head, and not becoming denser towards the sides) ; scutellum with a few minute punctures; elytra a little flattened on the disc, not more than two and a half times the length of the prothorax, and scarcely wider than it at the base, widest at the middle, a little rounded at the sides, obliquely. nar- rowed behind, deeply and finely punctate-striate, the strie be- coming finer towards the apex, the interstices feebly convex, minutely and rather thickly punctured; beneath pitchy-brown, finely and thickly punctured ; legs pitchy-brown, the tarsi testa- ceous ; the anterior tarsi only a very little stouter in the male than in the female; body apterous. Length 73, breadth 3, millim. (in2))- Two examples only, both from the vicinity of Gibraltar. Somewhat resembling H. (Omalets) ophonoides, Luc. ; but with the elytra relatively much shorter Gn H. - ophonoides they are fully three times as long as the thorax), less parallel, very little wider than the thorax at 2D2 390 Mr. G. C. Champion’s list of the base, and the strie more finely punctured; the thorax more convex transversely, more rounded at the sides anteriorly (in H. ophonoides the sides are slightly sinuate-emarginate before the apex), and with the anterior angles more declivous and less prominent; also much smaller in size. The male differs from the female in having the anterior tarsi slightly stouter, the thorax rather broader and more rounded at the sides before the middle, the elytra a little narrower, and the antenne longer. M. Allard, to whom an example has been submitted for examination, states that the species is unknown to him. WH. ophonoides is recorded by Dieck from Algeciras. Helops (Catomus) Walkeri, n. sp.* Elongate, narrow, convex, brownish-piceous or obscure reddish- brown, with an «neous lustre, slightly shining, the oral organs, antenne, and legs reddish-brown, the upper surface thickly clothed with long erect yellowish-cinereous pubescence. Head very deeply transversely depressed in front, coarsely and densely punctured ; antenne thin at the base, but thickening outwardly, extending to beyond the middle of the elytra in the male, considerably shorter in the female ; prothorax convex, distinctly wider than the head in both sexes, very little broader than long in the male, more trans- verse in the female, rounded at the sides anteriorly, obliquely narrowed behind, the hind angles subrectangular, the base trun- cate, the entire surface densely and coarsely punctured, the punctures oblong in shape, and here and there obliquely or longi- tudinally confluent (more distinctly so in some specimens than in others); scutellum short, more than twice as broad as long, smooth, or with a few fine scattered punctures; elytra distinctly wider than the prothorax at the base, long and convex, widest at the middle, slightly rounded at the sides and narrowed at the shoulders, very sharply margined from the base to the apex, truncate at the base, the humeri distinctly projecting in front, the basal margin somewhat swollen, finely and deeply striate through- out, the striz with fine oblong closely placed punctures, the inter- stices feebly convex or almost flat, coarsely punctured, the punc- tures on each interstice forming irregular double rows in the larger specimens, and a single row in the smaller ones; beneath paler in colour, coarsely and closely punctured; anterior tarsi with the three basal joints very broadly and equally dilated in the male. Length 4—73, breadth 13—23, millim. (fg 2). Heteromerous Coleoptera. 391 Gibraltar ; not uncommon, in tufts of grass, &e. Specimens of this species submitted by me to M. Allard have been named by him as H. gossypiatus, Reiche, an insect only known as yet from Algeria. These Gibraltar Specimens, however, by no means agree with either Reiche’s original description, or with the subsequent one given by Allard (Mittheil. schweiz. ent. Ges., v., p. 191). Both authors state that ‘‘ H. gossypiatus may be easily distinguished by its almost cylindrical form, its pro- thorax scarcely broader than the head, and its hairy clothing.” In the last-mentioned character H. Walkeri agrees with H. gossypiatus ; but its general shape is less cylindrical, and the prothorax in both sexes is very dis- tinctly wider than the head. In various other par- ticulars it also differs from the description: the elytral interstices are coarsely (not finely) punctured, the elytra themselves are distinctly broader at the base than the prothorax, the scutellum is almost smooth, &c. H. Walkeri is nearly allied to H. macellus, Kr., an insect inhabiting the same locality; but is easily separable from it by the long pubescence, the very much more finely punctured elytral strie, the flatter and coarsely punctured interstices, &c. Like many other species of the genus, it varies enormously in size. The male has the three basal joints of the anterior tarsi very broadly and equally dilated, these joints being as wide as the tibie at the apex. It differs in various particulars from H. piligerus, Ky., H. villosipennis, Luc., H. pube- scens, Kust., &e. Helops (Catomus) macellus, Kyr.* Gibraltar ; under stones, in tufts of grass, flood refuse, &e.; occasional. Recorded by Dieck from Algeciras. Helops (Catomus) angustatus, Luc. Tetuan and Tangier; several examples, varying enormously in size. Not yet known from Europe. Helops (Diastixus) carbo, Kiist.* Gibraltar; five examples. The determination is made upon M. Allard’s authority. These specimens seem 392 Mr. G. C. Champion’s list of to agree better with the description of the Algerian H. puncticollis, Luc., than with that of H. carbo, Kust. ; from an Algerian example of the former before me they merely differ in having the thorax more sparsely and finely punctured on the disc. Helops (Nesotes) tuberculipennis, Luc.* Gibraltar ; a few specimens. Rather commonly at Tetuan and Tangier. Insome of the Gibraltar examples the upper surface is of a more shining and more bronzy tint than in those from Marocco, others again are very dull black ; the punctures of the elytral striz are also coarser in some specimens than in others. One example, from Tetuan, has the thorax much less transverse than usual ; the elytra in all exhibit the characteristic tuber- culate apical interstices. An addition to the Huropean ist. CISTELIDA. Isomira ovulum, Kies.* (acuminata, Fairm.). Gibraltar ; Rock, &c., not uncommon; chiefly on the blossom of Chamerops. Previously recorded from Gibraltar by Crotch (Petites Nouv. Ent., i., p. 49) under the name of I. acuminipennis, and by v. Heyden (Berl. ent. Zeitschr., 1870, Beih., p.144). I. acuminata, Fairm., from Tangier, Marocco (specimens of which are before me), is, no doubt, synonymous with I. ovulum. Isomira murina, Linn. Gibraltar; by sweeping near San Roque; scarce. These examples have the thorax fusco-ferruginous. Omophlus ruficollis, Fabr. Gibraltar and Malaga; on flowers in spring and early summer ; abundant. Omophlus abdonunalis, Lap. Benzus Bay and Tangier, Marocco; not uncommon. Omophlus rufiventris, Waltl. Gibraltar ; chiefly on thistles, early summer; common. Apparently replaces O. abdominalis on the European Heteromerous Coleoptera. 398 side of the Straits; the latter, however, is recorded from Spain. LAGRIIDA. Lagria viridipennis, Fabr. Tetuan, Marocco; abundant. This species seems to be restricted to the African side of the Straits. Lagria Grenieri (Bris.), Kies.* Gibraltar ; Rock, on walls, &c., and on the wing ; not rare. Kiesenwetter’s description of L. Greniert, Bris. (Berl. ent. Zeitschr., 1870, Beih., p. 145), agrees with these specimens. A single male example collected by Mr. Walker at Malaga, apparently a variety of the same species, has the thorax broader, and the elytra less coarsely wrinkled. Lagria lirta, Linn. Gibraltar ; scarce. Lagria lata, Fabr. Gibraltar ; one male example only. This has the antenne much less elongate than in the same sex of LL. Grenieri, and the thorax almost smooth. PEDILIDA. Scraptia dubia, Oliv. (fusca, Latr.). Gibraltar ; on the Rock, and also near Algeciras; a few specimens by sweeping. Scraptia fuscula, Mull. (minuta, Muls.).* Gibraltar ; under dry bark, cork-woods, May, 1888 ; one example. Scraptia ophthalmica, Muls.* Gibraltar; Rock, &c., not uncommon, on flowers. Also at Tangier. Apparently not hitherto recorded from Spain. Mulsant gives France; Reitter (Deutsche ent. Zeitschr., 1889, p. 268), Corsica and Sicily. The head of this species is figured by Reitter (Wien. ent. Zeit., 1883, t. 4, fig. 5). 394 Mr. G. C. Champion’s list of XYLOPHILIDA. Xylophilus boleti, Marsh. Gibraltar ; in dead sticks, &¢., on the Rock; scarce. Also at Tetuan. Xylophilus nigripennis, Villa (neglectus, Duv.). Tetuan, Marocco; one example, apparently belonging to this species. Xylophilus sanguinolentus, Kies.* Malaga; two examples, one of each sex. PYTHIDA. Rhinosimus planirostris, Fabr.* Gibraltar ; one specimen, Linea. ANTHICIDA. Notoxus monoceros, Linn.* _ Gibraltar; Campo, &c.; chiefly on the wing. Notoxus cornutus, Fabr. Gibraltar; on sallow bushes, first pine-wood, July, 1888 ; not rare. Formicomus pedestris, Rossi. Gibraltar ; in tufts of grass, flood refuse, &c.; not rare. Also at Tetuan and Tangier. Formicomus canaliculatus, La Ferté. Tetuan and Tangier; not rare. Recorded from Kurope. Amblyderus scabricollis, La Ferté. Tetuan ; two examples only. Not met with on the Kuropean side, but recorded from Spain. Tomoderus compressicollis, Motsch. Tetuan ; many examples. Recorded from Europe. Heteromerous Coleoptera. 395 Anthicus Rodriguest, Latr. Gibraltar; in tufts of grass, Campo Common, &c. ; not rare. Also at Tangier and Tetuan. Anthicus antherinus, Linn. Gibraltar ; in tufts of grass, on walls, &c.; common. Anthicus quadriguttatus, Rossi. Gibraltar ; neutral ground, Campo, &c.; common. Also at Tangier and Tetuan. Anthicus hispidus, Rossi. Gibraltar ; in company (as usual) with the preceding, but much less common. Anthicus instabilis, Schmidt. Gibraltar ; in flood refuse, &c.; common. Also at Tetuan and Tangier. Anthicus Ghiliani, La Ferte. Gibraltar; rare. Five examples only. Anthicus humilis, Germ. Gibraltar; in flood refuse, &c.; common. Also at Tetuan, Ceuta, and Tangier, Marocco. Anthicus minutus, La Ferté. Gibraltar ; in tufts, on walls, &c. Also at Tetuan. Anthicus blandulus, Baudi.* Gibraltar ; a few examples. Also at Tetuan. These differ from A. minutus (of which it is treated as a variety by Marseul) in the closely punctured head, thus agreeing with Reitter’s remarks (cf. Wien. ent. Zeit., 1884, p. 144). Anthicus fenestratus, Schmidt. Gibraltar; at roots of herbage, sandy places, Linea, &c. Also at Tangier. 396 Mr. G. C. Champion’s list of Anthicus floralis, Fabr. Gibraltar ; on walls, &c. Also at Tangier. Anthicus Brucki, Kies.* Gibraltar ; on yellow flowers, Rock, early summer ; not uncommon. Only recorded as yet from Gibraltar (Kies., Berl. ent. Zeitschr., 1870, Beih., p. 147; Mars., Monogr. des Anthic. de l’Ancien Monde, L’Abeille, xvii., p. 138). Anthicus tenellus, La Ferté. Tetuan ; a few examples. Occurs in Europe. Anthicus tristis, Schmidt.* Gibraltar ; at roots of herbage in sandy places, on walls, &c.; common. Also at Tetuan. Anthicus olivaceus, La Ferté. Gibraltar ; chiefly found on flowers ; not uncommon. Anthicus Genet, La Ferté.* Gibraltar ; one specimen, Campo beach, in flood rubbish. Ochthenomus unifasciatus, Bon. Gibraltar ; in flood refuse, occasional. Also at Tetuan. Ochthenomus tenuicollis, Rossi. Gibraltar ; in tufts of grass, &c.; rather common. Also at Tetuan. MORDELLIDA. Mordella sulcicauda, Muls.* Gibraltar ; on umbels, &c., early summer; common. Perhaps the M. fasciata of Rosenhauer. Mordella bipunctata, Germ.* Gibraltar ; on umbels, &c., near San Roque; a few specimens. Also at Benzus Bay, Marocco. Heteromerous Coleoptera. 397 Stenalia testacea, Fabr. (brunneipennis, Muls.). Gibraltar ; on umbels, first pine-wood ; common. Mordellistena brunnea, Fabr.* Gibraltar ; on Cistus flowers, first pine-wood ; rare. Mordellistena parvula, Gyll.* Gibraltar ; on flowers, &c., on the Rock. Mordellistena micans, Germ. (grisea, Muls.). Gibraltar ; on umbels, &c.; a few specimens. Also at Benzus Bay, Marocco. * Mordellistena pumila, Gyll. Gibraltar ; on flowers, in the spring. Also at Tangier. Mordellistena stenidea, Muls.* Gibraltar ; on flowers, &c.; notrare. Also at Tetuan. Anaspis ruficollis, Fabr.* Gibraltar ; on flowers, common. Anaspis pulicaria, Costa.* Gibraltar ; on flowers, common. Also at Tangier. Anaspis subtestacea, Steph.* Tetuan. One example. Anaspis (Larisia) Chevrolati, Muls.* Gibraltar ; cork-woods, on dead timber; also on the Rock, on umbels. These specimens are apparently referable to A. Chevrolati, Muls., as defined by Emery. Also at Benzts Bay and Tetuan. Anaspis (Nassipa) labiata, Costa.* Gibraltar ; on clover flowers, &c., Campo. 398 Mr. G. C. Champion’s list of Anaspis (Silaria) quadrimaculata, Gyll. Gibraltar ; on umbels, &c., on the Rock, June; com- mon. Also at Tetuan; oneexample. In the specimens from Gibraltar the thorax is black; in the one from Tetuan it is reddish testaceous. RHIPIPHORIDA. Evaniocera Dufouri, Latr.* Gibraltar ; one male example, captured on the wing in the cork-woods, May, 1888. Emenadia preusta, Gebl.* Gibraltar ; Campo, one female specimen only, taken from a flower. Emenadia flabellata, Fabr.* Gibraltar ; one male example, cork-woods. MELOID. Meloe tuccius, Rossi. Gibraltar ; on paths, occasional. Meloe purpurascens, Germ.* Gibraltar ; on paths, &c., chiefly in winter ; rare. Meloe majalis, Linn. Gibraltar ; Campo Common, &c., in the spring; abun- dant. Meloe murinus, Brandt. Tangier ; one example. Meloe rugosus, Marsh. Gibraltar ; occasionally under stones, in winter. Also at Tetuan. Meloe baudueri, Gren.* Gibraltar; one example. According to Abeille de Perrin (Bull. Soc. Toulouse, 1880, p. 2385), this species is widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin. Heteromerous Coleoptera. 399 Meloe autumnalis, Oliv. Djebel Mousa (Apes’ Hill), Marocco; one example. A well-known European species. Meloe violaceus, Marsh. Tangier ; a few examples. Mylabris olee, Cast. Tetuan and Tangier, Marocco. Apparently not re- corded from Kurope. Mylabris variabilis, Pall. Tetuan and Tangier, Marocco. A well-known European species. Mylabris quadripunctata, Linn. Gibraltar ; on flowers, &c., chiefly in the cork-woods in early summer ; common. Mylabris hieracit, Graells (suspiciosa, Rosenh.). Gibraltar ; with the preceding. Coryna billbergi, Gyll. Gibraltar ; with the preceding. In some specimens the two spots nearest the suture are obliterated. Ginas fusicornis, Abeille de Perrin (¢ =afer, Duv., nec Linn.; ? =hispanus, Ab. de Per.).* Gibraltar ; near Algeciras and in first pine-wood, on umbels, numerous examples, including both sexes. The male agrees with Abeille de Perrin’s description of GH. fusicornis, and the female with his GZ. hispanus; the latter was described from a single female example, the former from the male sex only! Ginas afer, Linn. (nec Duv.). Benzus Bay, Marocco; a few specimens, including both sexes. They agree with Abeille de Perrin’s de- 400 Mr. G. C. Champion’s list of finition of this species (Bull. Soc. Toulouse, 1880, pp. 241, 243). Some examples collected at Tangier perhaps belong here (or to CH. sericea, Oliv.) ; four of them have the thorax pitchy black, instead of rufous. Lagorina sericea, Pall. Gibraltar ; occasionally found by sweeping, &c. Also at Tangier. Zonitis preusta, Fabr.* Gibraltar ; Campo Common, &c., on flowers ; not rare. Zonitis mutica, Seriba. Gibraltar ; not uncommon. Lydus algiricus, Latr. Benzis Bay, Marocco. Recorded from Kurope. GDEMERIDA. Asclera xanthoderes, Muls.* Gibraltar ; on Cistus flowers, cork-woods, three ex- amples, March, 1888. Recorded by Mulsant from France and Sicily. Nacerdes melanura, Linn.* Gibraltar ; on the wing at Linea and elsewhere. Oncomera marmorata, Kr.* Gibraltar; one example flying in the Alameda at dusk, June, 1887, and two others subsequently. An addition to the European list. (Hdemera barbara, Fabr. Gibraltar ; on flowers, common, in spring. Cidemera lurida, Marsh. Gibraltar ; on flowers, first pine-wood. Heteromerous Coleoptera. 401 (Hdemera unicolor, Schmidt. Gibraltar ; on flowers, in the spring; one female specimen only. (Hdemera simplex, Linn. (flavimana, Schmidt).* Gibraltar ; on flowers, &c.; notrare. Also at Malaga. This is probably Rosenhauer’s GZ. flavipennis. It also occurs in Marocco. Stenostoma ceruleum, Pet. (rostratum, Fabr.). Tetuan, Marocco; plentifully in the marshy ground at Esmir. Recorded from Spain. ( 4038 ) XV. On a new species of Prothoé. By Puinip Crowtey, Iie DifSi5y teats )oq 4S [Read July 1st, 1891.} PuaTE XVIII. A Few months since I received from Tonghou, Burmah, a specimen of Prothoé, which I placed among my Prothoé caledonia ; but upon further examination with the type, and also eight or ten other specimens from Perak, found that it differed to such an extent that I have ventured to describe it as a new species under the name of Prothoé belisama. The specimen in question came from the neighbourhood of Tonghou, which is some 1200 to 1500 miles north of Perak, or Borneo, from whence, I believe, the type came. I append a description, and give a plate of belisama, which is in my own collection. Prothoé belisama, Crowley. Nearest to P. caledonia, Hewitson, but is easily distinguished by the large extent of yellow on the fore wing, and the dark border on the hind wing being very much narrower. Upper side :—Fore wing; The yellow patch is rather paler in colour, and extends up to the third median nervule, the edges of which are more dentated than in P. caledonia. At the posterior angle the yellow almost unites with the hind marginal border. The dark colour on the costa, apical portion, and hind margin, though somewhat lighter in colour, is relieved by five very distinct yellow spots, there being an additional one below these, on the costa, but near the base. Hind wing: The border on the hind margin is very much narrower, which entirely disappears below the second median nervule, towards the anal angle. The basal area is pale mauve, the grey being rather pinker than in the allied species. Under side :—Hore wing : Both wings rather paler, both in ground colour and markings, especially the red beyond the discoidal cell. The black bars between the third median nervule and the second dis- coidal or radial neryule is wider apart, which reduces the red on TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—paRT it. (oct.) 28 404 Mr. Crowley on a new species of Prothoé. either side to a mere spot. The large black spot at the posterior angle is much smaller in size, and not so dark in colour. Hind wing: The black spots at the base are larger, those above the costal and subcostal nervules being more elongated. The white band which crosses the wing from the end of the costal nervure to the base is paler and slightly broader. The broad green sub- marginal border has entirely disappeared, with the exception of two tiny spots, one between the first and second subcostal nervules: and the other between the first and second median nervules. The line which also edges this green border is missing, the only indication being a small red spot between the first and second subcostal nervules. Exp. 43 in. Hab. Tonghou. EXPLANATION OF PuatE XVIII. Fic. 1. Prothoé belisama, Crowley. 2. Under side of ditto. ( 405 ) XVI. Notes on the Orthopterous family Mecopodide. By Witiiam FEF. Kirsy, F.L.S., Assistant in the Zoological Department, British Museum. |Read July 1st, 1891. } Tue small family Mecopodideé forms a very natural group among the Phasgonuride, or grasshoppers with long antenne, which are usually, but improperly, called Locustide by entomologists, as the name Locustide should certainly be retained for the large migratory species with short antenne, of which Locusta migratoria, L., is the type. The Mecopodide are inhabitants of the warmer parts of Asia and Africa, and may easily be recognised by a few salient characters :— Prosternum bispinose. All the tibize with terminal spines above on each side. Front tibiz with open foramina on each side. Tarsi with the joints broad, depressed and laterally carinated. Hind legs very long. Karsch has published a synopsis of the family in Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xxx., pp. 1O7—118), which may be con- sulted with advantage. Genus I. MacronyristEs. Vollenhoven, Tijdschr. Ent., viii., p. 106 (1865). 1. Macrolyristes wmperator. Vollenhoven (nec Walker), J. c., p. 108, pl. vii. (1865) Hab. Java, Borneo. B.M. A very large and handsome species, with strongly serrated lateral borders to the pronotum. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND, 1891.—PART II, (ocT.) 252 406 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s notes on the Genus II. Mrcopopa. Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orth., p. 532 (1839). Lucrra, Walk., Cat. Derm. Salt. B. M., i., p. 265 (1869), wmmature. 2. Mecopoda elongata. Gryllus elongatus, Linn., Syst. Nat., 1., p. 429, n. 26 (1758): Mus. Ulr., p. 127 (1764). Mecopoda elongata, Walk., Cat. Derm. Salt., iii, p- 457, n. 1 (1870). M. rufa, Walk., l.c., p. 458, nu. 3 (1870), nec Stoll. Decticus pallidus, Walk., l.c., u., p. 262, n. 34 (1869), emmature. D. tenebrosus, Walk., 1. ¢., p. 263, n. 35 (1869). Lucera bicoloripes, Walk., l.c., p. 265, n. 1 (1869), wmmature. Hab. India, China (north to the Corea), Ceylon, Philippines, Borneo, &. B.M. A very common and widely distributed species. The full synonymy is given by Walker (i1., p. 457), and is therefore not here repeated. Walker’s Mecopoda rufa appears to be only a bleached specimen of M. elongata. He quotes (doubtfully, it is true) a figure of Stoll’s (Saut. et Grill., pl. 9, f. 87), which does not appear to me to belong to the Mecopodide at all. 3. Mecopoda cyrtoscelis. Karsch, Ent. Nachr., xiv., p. 146 (1888). Hab. ‘“‘ Segaar Bay” (Karsch). 4, Mecopoda lamellata. Gryllus lamellata, Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 429, n. 29 (1758). Gryllus lamellosus, Linn., Mus. Ulr., p. 128 (1764). Mecopoda lamellosa, Stal, Rec. Orth., ii., p. 48 (1874). Hab. Sierra Leone. B. M. There is only a single male in the British Museum collection, which appears to agree with Stal’s descrip- tion, though whether it is identical with the Linnean Orthopterous family Mecopodide. 407 species may be open to question. In the absence of a series of MW. lamellata it is better to regard M. latipennis, Burm., as provisionally distinct. 5. Mecopoda latipennis. Burm., Handb. Ent., ii., p. 686, n. 2 (1839). Hab. Natal. B.M. All the specimens in the British Museum are rather larger than Burmeister’s type. The male has green or brown tegmina; the female has brown tegmina, with a longitudinal row of black spots, bordered outside with white, and followed by some detached whitish markings. 6. Mecopoda frontalis. Mecopoda frontalis, Walk., Cat. Derm. Salt., v., p. 48 (1871). ) M. monroviana, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xxx., p- 112, pl. iu., fig. 4 (1886). Hab. Monrovia (Karsch) ; Sierra Leone. B. M. A very dark-coloured species. 7. Mecopoda walkert, sp. nu. Mecopoda imperator, Walk., Cat. Derm. Salt., iii., p. 458, n. 4 (1874). Hab. Philippines. B. M. A true Mecopoda, but with broader tegmina than the other species. It has nothing to do with the genus Macrolyristes. 8. Mecopoda platyphea. Walk., Cat. Derm. Salt., ii1., p. 458, n. 5 (1870). Hab. Ceylon. B.M. One pair. The tegmina are green in the male, and brown in the female. 9. Mecopoda karschi, sp. n. Male. Dark chocolate-brown, indistinctly mottled with paler and darker. Head with pale carinz in front of and between the eyes; behind these are two pale spots adjoining each eye, the 408 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s notes on the hindermost reaching the occiput. A large reddish frontal ocellus on the face between the lower borders of the eyes. Antenne chocolate-brown towards the base, black beyond, with pale rings at more or less regular intervals. Pronotum chocolate-brown, rugose- punctate, with two rather deep incisions on each side, the lateral carine bordered with pale, especially in front. Tegmina brown, with one or two pale blotches about the middle, and some small scattered pale dots. Wings fusco-hyaline, marked with brown at the tips. Legs varied with 1ufous-brown, femora darker. Four front femora unarmed, their tibiez with very fine spines; hind femora strongly thickened, with some small spines at the base above. Six spines on the outside; those on the inside rather larger, and more numerous, extending further towards the base. Cerci thick, curved inwards, nearly as long as the subgenital plate, which is triangularly emarginate at the extremity. Long. corp. 25 millim.; al. ant. long. 40; lat. 10; al. post. long. 39; lat. 17 millim.; fem. post. 43 millim.; tib. post. 88 millim. Hab. Queensland. B. M. A small species, with rather long, narrow, and pointed wings and tegmina. 10. Mecopoda regina, sp. n. Female. Brown; head behind the eyes above, and below them, pale ; pronotum deeply incised on each side, and its front lobe with a slight additional indentation on each side. Hind lobe almost rectangular at the sides, and slightly bordered with paler. Antenne blackish, with pale rings at regular intervals, those towards the base narrowest. Tegmina brown, irregularly varied with pale grey, rather narrow towards the base, wider beyond the middle, the apex somewhat pointed. Wings rather narrow, fusco-hyaline. Front legs wanting; middle femora unarmed; middle tibie with two rows of small spines beneath, and a single row on the upper surface. Hind femora much thickened at the base, with several strong yellowish tubercles above, on and within the central carina; beneath, an outward row of small tubercles, and an inner row of short spines. Hind tibiz with a double row of short strong spines on the upper surface, and a few small ones at long intervals beneath, on the hinder two-thirds of the tibie. Long. corp. cum ovipos. 59 millim.; ovip. 23; al. ant. long. 65; lat. 16; al. post. long. 63; lat. 28; fem. post. 56 millim.; tib. post. 55 millim. Hab. Duke of York Island. Bb. M. Much resembles the description of MM. cyrtoscelis, Orthopterous family Mecopodide. 409 Karsch ; but, apart from the difference in locality, the latter appears to be a larger and much more strongly spined insect. Genus III. Pacnysmopopa. Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xxx., p. 108 (1886). 11. Pachysmopoda abbreviata. Mecopoda abbreviata, Taschenberg, Zeitschr f. Naturw., lvi., p. 184 (1883). M. (Pachysmopoda) abbreviata, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xxx., p. 114, pl. iv., f. 2 (1886). Hab. Socotra. B. M. Genus IV. Euruyeropa. Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xxx , p. 108 (1886). Macroscirtus, Pictet, Mém. Soc. Généve, xxx. (6), p. 18 (1888). 12. Huthypoda acutipennis. Mecopoda (Huthypoda) acutipennis, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xxx., p. 116, pl. iv., f. 3 (1886). Hab. Chinchoxa. 138. Huthypoda kanguroo. Macroscirtus kanguroo, Pictet, Mém. Soc. Généve, xxx., p. 14, pl. u., f. 38, 38a (1888). Hab. Gaboon (Pictet); Ashanti. B. M. 14. Huthypoda granulosa. Mecopoda (Huthypoda) granulosa, Karsch, Ent. Nachr., xallgy (Oo wile (Custela))s Hab. West Africa, between Kuako and Kimpoko. 15. Huthypoda inalata. Mecopoda (Iduthypoda) inalata, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xxx., p. 117 (1886). Hab. Chinchoxo; and between Kuako and Kimpoko. 410 Mr. W. F. Kirby’s notes on the 16. Huthypoda wnguculata. Mecopoda (EHuthypoda) unguiculata, Karsch, Ent. Nachr., xiv., p. 147 (1888). Hab. Usambara. Genus V. VETRALIA. Walk., Cat. Derm. Salt., ii., p. 391 (1869). 17. Vetralia quadrata. Vetralia quadrata, Walk., Cat. Derm. Salt., ii., p. 392, n. 1 (1869). Mecopoda (Huthypoda) difformis, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Aeitschy., Xxxsspella, ple ives a SSO): Hab. Ceylon. B.M. Genus VI. Acripoxena. AcripoxEeNna, White, Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinb., ii., p- 809 (1865). || Sranza, Scudd., Proce. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii., p. 454 (1875). Eusrausa, Scudd., l. c., xx., p. 95 (1879). 18. Acridoxena hewaniana. Acridoxena hewaniana, Smith, Proc. R. Phys. Soe. Edinb., 1i1., p. 810 (1865). Stalia foliata, Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii., , pp. 456, 457, figs. (1875). Eustalia foliata, Scudd., Go; xX. p. 9D (L879)= Karsehs Ent. Nachkr., xii., pp. 145— 147, fig. (1886). Hab. Gaboon (Karsch) ; Old Calabar. B. M. A very remarkable species, with leaf-like expansions of the front femora and tibie, and broad tegmina, emarginate at the apex. Genus VII. Corycus. Sauss., Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), i., p. 487 (1861). Orthopterous family Mecopodide. 411 19. Corycus juriner. Sauss., Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), i, p. 489, pl. x1., ft 4—7 (1861); Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xxxit., p-. 415, fig. (1888). Hab. Cameroons. Allied to Acridoxena. Genus VIII. Puyrama. Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xxxii., p. 416 (1888). 20. Phyrama interjectum. Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xxxi., p. 417, pl. 1, f. 1, 1a—d (1888). Hab. South Central Madagascar. A species of doubtful location, having characters in common with the Prochilide and Mecopodide. Genus IX. Mossuna. Walk., Cat. Derm. Salt., i1., p. 288 (1869). This genus has an extraordinary resemblance to Salomona, Blanch., among the typical Phasgonuride, in size, shape, the short frontal horn, and even in the neura- tion, which is more complicated than in Mecopoda, and the anterior and posterior radials of the tegmina are completely separated from their origin, running almost parallel throughout, and only slightly diverging at their extremities. But the open foramina, long hind legs, &c., show the real affinities of the genus to be with the Meco- podide. 21. Mossula vitticollis. Walk., Cat. Derm. Salt., 11., p. 288 (1869). Hab. Do 1eia Nile 22. Mossula Sulomonis, sp. n. Male and female. Robust, tawny, face varied with whitish, the extremity of the scape, and at least the base of the second joint of the antenne, black beneath; vertex concave, narrowed in front, and produced between the antenn into a short spine. Pronotum with two transverse constrictions, the middle lobe with two de- pressions, starting from a short stem behind, and diverging in 412 On the Orthopterous family Mecopodide. front. Tegmina about as long as the body, subparallel, obtusely rounded at the extremities; testaceous, slightly marked with black between the nervures at the base; speculum of the male oval, very clear hyaline, and surmounted by a clear vitreous space, extending beyond the speculum at each end, and curving downwards opposite to it on the basal side. Wings nearly as long as the tegmina, semicircular, fusco-hyaline. Front femora with 6 spines on the inner carina; front tibie with 9—11 spines on each carina; inter- mediate femora with one row of 6 or 7 spines beneath, and inter- mediate tibize with about 12 pairs of small spines; hind femora thickened at the base, with 8—13 spines on each side; hind tibie with about 20 spines on each of the upper carinze ; those on the two lower carine rather less numerous. Cerci short, subgenital plate of male with two long-jointed hairy processes ; ovipositor of female hardly curved, about as long as the abdomen. Dimensions.— §. Long. corp. 45 millim.; long. ant. cirea 210; al. ant. long. 41; lat. 14; al. post. long. 88; lat.29; fem. post. 42; tib. post. 40 millim. ?. Long. corp. cum ovip. 90—100 millim.; long. ant. cirea 220; ovip. 87—39; al. ant. long. 52—60; lat. 183—16; al. post. 48—55 ; lat. 87—40; fem. post. 44—50; tib. post. 41—43 millim. Hab. Solomon Islands. B. M. A much larger and more robust species than M. vitti- collis, and with no black markings on the pronotum. Described from one male and five females. ( 413 ) XVII. Note on Siphonophora Artocarpi, Westw. (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 649). By Prof. Joun O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &c. |Read July 1st, 1891.| I am indebted to Mr. E. Ernest Green, the discoverer of this species in Ceylon, for the following notice of a remarkable structure, which I must have overlooked in my examination of the specimens which he had been good enough to supply me with, and of which I do not recollect another instance. In a note from that gentleman, dated 20th August, 1891, is the following passage :—‘‘ With reference to the aphis of the bread- fruit tree, I draw your attention to the lobe or appendage at the hinder angle of the compound eye. This seems to be part and parcel of the eye, though the facets on this part are larger, more irregular, and disconnected from those on the main part. The appendage contains pigment, which is in direct connection with the pigment of the main portion. | have noticed a similar appendage in more or less degrees in several other species of Aphis in Ceylon.” I may be permitted to add that in fig. 1 of my Plate XXI. the very characteristic second branchlet of the post-costal vein is hardly sufficiently curved beyond its centre, and the honey-secreting tubes are even longer in the younger state of the larve than in their more advanced state. TRANS. ENT. Soc. LOND. 1891.—parRT 1. (0CT.) iw yh eae ( 415 ) XVIII. On the South American species of Diabrotica. Part II. By Cuartes J. Ganan, M.A., F.E.S., Assistant in the Zoological Department, British Museum. [Read July 1st, 1891.] THE present paper is intended to serve as a continuation of one on the same subject by the late Mr. Joseph S. Baly, F'.U.8., &¢., which appeared in the first Part of the ‘Transactions’ of this Society for the year 1890. A few words in explanation of the circumstances under which I have been induced to write it may not be out of place. Mr. Baly’s collection of Galerucide having passed into the possession of the British Museum, I have been entrusted with its arrangement and incorpora- tion. A number of manuscript descriptions of species— the result of Mr. Baly’s work towards a completion of his monograph—was handed over to my care. As this manuscript was in an unfinished state, and without arrangement, it could not with advantage be presented for publication. I have endeavoured instead to complete this second part of the paper, and have included in it nearly all of Mr. Baly’s manuscript descriptions. These are clearly indicated in the text, so that Mr. Baly’s share of the work may be easily distinguished from my own. I have omitted a few descriptions, having been unable in such cases to satisfy myself as to the identity of the species. Except in a few instances, I have had to add the references to previously published short diagnoses or descriptions. In the arrangement of the species I have endeavoured to make use, as far as possible, of structural characters. In grouping many of the species, however, I have had to rely upon a general resemblance in facies or colora- tion. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1591.—PART III. (OCT.) 416 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the TABLE. Section II. Fourth joint of the antenne shorter than the second and third united. A. Elongate or oblong, slightly dilated posteriorly; elytra with raised longitudinal lines, of which one or two on the inner disk of each are somewhat broader than the rest; seriate or sub- seriate-punctate, the punctures arranged more or less regularly in double rows between the raised lines. a. Elytra blue, green, brownish, or black; each with a marginal band and a subsutural vitta yellowish. b. Elytra each with more than one raised line; with the subsutural and marginal vitta united at the apex. c. Prothorax yellowish or testaceous. Species 1—6 and 9—12. cc. Prothorax black. Species 7 and 8. bb. Elytra each with a single (dorsal) costa, which is abbreviated behind, with the dorsal and marginal vitte both interrupted posteriorly. Species 13. aa. Elytra entirely fulyous. d. Prothorax black. Species 14. dd. Prothorax testaceous. Species 15. B. Species small; oblong-ovate, feebly dilated posteriorly ; elytra with more or less feebly raised lines, or with a strongly punctured longitudinal depression towards each side between the shoulder and the middle. a. Elytra with obsolete raised lines. Species 16—18. aa. Elytra with longitudinal depression behind each shoulder. Species 19 and 20. C. Body oblong or elongate, distinctly dilated posteriorly. Hach elytron in the male with a subsutural cariniform tubercle posteriorly. a. Elytra with distinctly raised lougitudinal lines, the intervals between which are strongly and rugosely punctured. b. Prothorax black. Species 21 and 22. bb. Prothorax yellowish or testaceous. Species 23—26. aa. Elytra closely and somewhat rugosely punctured; with feebly or obsoletely raised longitudinal lines. c. Prothorax black. Species 27. cc. Prothorax yellowish or testaceous. Species 28—31. aaa. Elytra strongly and very closely punctured; without raised lines; entirely metallic-blue, green, or violaceous. Species 32 and 33. aaaa. Elytra densely and less strongly punctured; nitid or subnitid. Species 834—38. D. Body elongate, dilated posteriorly; elytra torulose or with de- pressions and small swellings on the middle of the disk. Species 39—41. E. Elytra elongate or oblong, either entirely metallic-blue, green, or black, or with the outer limb only yellowish. a. Elytra strongly and very closely punctured, dilated posteriorly. b. Elytra entirely metallic-blue or green. Species 42, 43. bb. Elytra with outer limb yellowish. Species 44—46. aa. Elytra thickly and more or less strongly punctured, feebly dilated posteriorly ; outer limb yellowish. Species 47—53. South American species of Diabrotica. A417 F. Ovate, slightly dilated posteriorly. Elytra either wholly metallic- a blue or green, or with longitudinal fulvous bands. . Elytra wholly metallic-blue or green. Species 54. aa. Elytra metallic-blue or violet, with outer margin and a sutural vitta, posteriorly abbreviate, fulvous. Species 55. aaa. Elytra piceous or brown, with suture, entire outer limb, anda median vitta on each fulvous or yellowish. Species 56, 57. G. Ovate or oblong-ovate, dilated posteriorly. a . Elytva fulvous or yellowish, with black or brown spots or lines. . Elytra with spots or plage. . Prothorax black or piceous. Species 58—60. cc. Prothorax wholly or partly yellowish. Species 61—64. . Elytra with longitudinal lines or bands, sometimes also with spots in addition. Species 65—67. . Elytra piceous, black or blue, with yellowish or fulvous markings. d. Prothorax wholly or partly fulvous. Species 68—70. Prothorax black. Species 71. H. Elongate-ovate, feebly dilated posteriorly. Hlytra black or brown, with yellowish or greenish markings. Species 72—74. I. Body subelongate, dilated posteriorly. Antenne in the male with joints 3rd to 5th somewhat thickened, and usually more or less elongated. a. Intermediate tibiw in the male normal. Species 75. aa. Intermediate tibiz in the male strongly curved, produced into a tooth at the apex on the ventral side. Species 76. aaa. Intermediate tibiz in the male incrassate below, the incrassation b bb beginning with an obtuse tooth or angulation placed either above the middle, at the middle, or nearer to the apex. . The incrassation of the intermediate tibie beginning at or below the middle. Species 77—81. . The incrassation of the intermediate tibiz beginning above the middle. Species 82, 83. J. Ovate or oblong-ovate, dilated posteriorly ; elytra usually black, with yellowish fascie or vitte. Species 84—98. K. Elytra oblong-ovate, distinctly dilated posteriorly, strongly convex, their-apices broadly rounded or subtruncate. Head in the male concave or excavated in front. . Elytra black or reddish brown, with yellowish bands. a b. Epipleures of elytra black. . Elytra with feebly or obsoletely raised lines. Species 99—103. c c. Elytra without raised lines. Species 104, 105. b . Epipleures of elytra, and usually also the entire outer limb, yellowish. d. Punctuation of elytra rather coarse. Species 106—108. dd. Punctuation of elytra finer. Species 109—114. aa. Elytra yellowish, with black bands or spots. Species 115, 116. aaa. Elytra entirely yellowish or fulvous. Species 117, 118. L. Ovate, distinctly dilated posteriorly. Elytra subventricose, strongly convex posteriorly. a. Elytra ampliate, strongly reticulate-corrugate. Species 119. aa. Elytra wrinkled in parts. Species 120, 121. aaa. Klytra coarsely rugulose-punctate. Species 122—124. aaa aaaa a. Klytra strongly and closely punctured, without being distinctly rugose. Species 125—127. a. Elytra less strongly and less closely punctured, nitid. Species 128—130. 418 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the M. Rather broadly ovate, distinctly dilated posteriorly. Elytra with pasa half or third part fulvous, the posterior part black or blue. a. Elytra with posterior dark part opaque. Species 131—134. aa. Elytra with posterior dark part nitid. Species 135—137. N. Ovate, dilated posteriorly. Elytra usually fulvous or yellowish, with black plage. Each elytron in the male of some of the Species with a distinct tubercle placed close to the suture a little before the apex. a. Prothorax black. b. Each elytron with two plage or spots, one near the base, the other post-median. Species 139, 140. bb. Elytra with two irregular common black bands. Species 141. aa. Prothorax yellowish or fulvous. c. Hach elytron with two black plage or spots. Species 142—144. cc. Each elytron with two basal spots and a large post-median spot or plaga black. Species 145. ccc. Elytra with the apex broadly and a common basal spot black. Species 146. ecec. Elytra with two large apical plage conjoined at the suture, with- out basal spot. Species 147. O. Broadly ovate. Elytra strongly dilated. a. Prothorax yellowish, with two black spots. Elytra yellowish white, each with a subsutural and a submarginal black vitta. Species 148. aa. Prothorax wholly yellowish. Elytra black, with a broad outer limb slightly dilated at the apex, yellowish. Species 149. aaa. Prothorax black. Elytra strongly convex, entirely bright me- tallic-green. Species 150. P. Species that may be distinguished by the peculiar structure of the antenne of the male. a. Antenne with the 3rd and 6th joints thickened and peculiarly shaped. Species 151. aa. Antenne with the last four joints dilated, the 8th and 9th more strongly so than the two last. Species 152. aaa. Antenne with the last three joints very strongly thickened in the form of a club. Species 153. aaaa. Antenne with the last two joints elongated and considerably dilated. Species 154. 1. Diabrotica Coruscd, Harold. Coleopt., Hefte xiii. (1875), p. 92; Baly, Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 230. Hab, Colombia; also Mexico. 2. Diabrotica innuba, Fabr. Syst. Ent., p. 117; Baly, Journ. Linn. Soce., xix., p- 230. Hab. Colombia, Cayenne; West Indies, Mexico, and North America. South American species of Diabrotica. 419 3. Diabrotica Fairmairei, Baly. Hab. Peru; Mexico. 4. Diabrotica consimilis, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 447. Hab. Ecuador, and Peru. This species is very nearly allied to D. Fairmairei, Baly. It may be doubted whether the differences are more than varietal. In D. consimilis the head is black, the antenne are dark brown except at the extreme base ; the flavous dorsal vitta of each elytron covers only the third costa, which is somewhat broader than the others. In D. Fairmairei the head and antenne are reddish, the former sometimes with a violaceous or chalybeous tint ; the dorsal flavous vitta of each elytron covers not only the third costa, but also the two rows of punctures on each side of it. The dorsal vitta is consequently broader, but the third costa itself is scarcely broader in Fawrmairee than in consimilis. 5. Diabrotica albidovittata, Baly. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1889, p. 95. Ovata, postice paullo ampliata, convexa, nigro-picea, nitida, femoribus basi flavis, capite thoraceque piceo-rufis, antennis nigris, articulis octavo nonoque albidis; thorace profunde bifoveolato ; elytris piceo-nigris, subnitidis, elevato-vittatis, costa tertia a sutura quam ceteris latiore utrisque limbo externo costaque tertia albidis apice confluentibus. Long. 8 lin. Hab. Brazil, St. Catharina. Head triangular, not longer than broad; clypeus with a strongly raised longitudinal ridge, which runs downwards to join the thickened anterior margin ; antenne three-fourths the length of the body, filiform, the second joint short, obovate, the third and fourth equal, each twice the length of the second; black, the eighth and ninth joints, and in some specimens the lower three- fourths of the tenth, white. Thorax nearly one-half broader than long; sides rounded anteriorly, sinuate behind the middle, the hinder and anterior angles obtuse, the former prominent; above convex, the disk deeply bifoveolate, Elytra oblong-ovate, dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded conjointly at their apices, convex; TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—parT lI. (ocT.) 2F 420 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the each elytron with eight strongly raised cost, the third from the suture broader than the rest. [Baly.| 6. Diabrotica venalis, EKrichs. Archiy. fur Naturgeschichte, 1847, i., p. 169. FTab. Peru. Blackish brown. Head and prothorax reddish testaceous, the latter smooth and glossy, with two foveolate impressions just behind the middle of the disk. Elytra dark brown, with the costx not very strongly raised, with the lateral border and a dorsal stripe (embracing the third costa only) of each elytron flavous. Antenne with the three (or four) basal joints testaceous, the remaining joints black. Legs brownish, with the basal half or two-thirds of the femora flavous. From innuba, Fabr., which it most nearly resembles, this species may be distinguished by the testaceous head, the black antennz with only three or four of the basal joints testaceous, and by the broader third costa of the elytra. The dorsal yellow vitta embraces only the third costa in venalis, while in innuba it covers both the second and third coste, which are equal in width. 7. Diabrotica cornuta, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 448. Hab. Peru; Guatemala, Mexico. 8. Diabrotica semifemorata, sp. Nn. Diabrotica semifemorata, Chev. MS. Hab. Bolivia. Black. Prothorax nitid, with two distinct foveolate impressions on the hinder half of the disk. Elytra with feebly raised coste ; black, with the lateral limb and a dorsal stripe, embracing the broad third costa of each, flavous. Antenne black, with the basal three joints underneath, the eighth wholly, and the basal half of the ninth, flavous. Legs black, with the basal half of the femora flavous. This species resembles D. cornuta, Baly, but is to be distinguished by the colour of the head (black), legs, and antenne, and by the less strongly raised cost of the elytra. Uncertain of the sex of the single specimen South American species of Diabrotica. 491 before me (which is probably a female), I cannot assign any specific value to the absence of the laterally pro- jecting processes or horns from the clypeal margin, which are characteristic of D. cornuta, 3. 9. Diabrotica Kirschi, Baly. Journ inn, Soc. xix., p. 231. 2 Diabrotica demissa, Evichs., Wieg. Archiv., 1847, 1., p. 169. Hab. Colombia; Mexico. 10. Diabrotica Theimi, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 281. Hab. Bahia, Ecuador, Colombia, Cayenne; Mexico and West India Islands. 11. Diabrotica bivitiula, Kirsch. Berl. Ent. Zeit., xxvii. (1888), p. 208. Hab. Brazil. 12. Diabrotica separata, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soe., xix., p. 232. Hab. Colombia, Amazons, Cayenne. 13. Diabrotica vittigera, Bohem. Res. Eugen., p. 178. Hab. Buenos Ayres, Monte Video. 14. Diabrotica vittatipennis, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 454. Hab. THastern Ecuador. 15. Diabrotica Balyana, Gahan, n.n. Diabrotica melanocephala, Baly, Trans. Ent. Soe Lond., 1886, p. 455. Hab. Eastern Ecuador. QF, 499, Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the 16. Diabrotica similata, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soe., xix., p. 235. Hab. Colombia, Venezuela. 16a. Diabrotica mediovittata, Baly. TGR! Dee aoille Hab. Colombia; also Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. This species is, in Mr. Jacoby’s opinion (which I am inclined to share), scarcely more than a variety of the preceding. 17. Diabrotica incerta, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 236. Hab. Colombia, Bogota, Magdalena River. 18. Diabrotica perplexa, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 237. Hab. Colombia. 19. Diabrotica letabilis, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soe., xix., p. 257. Hab. Colombia—Magdalena River, Bogota. 20. Diabrotica puella, Baly. Ei. ¢., p.2ao: Var. D. cinctella, Harold, Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ver., 1877, p. 110. Hab. Colombia; also Central America—Nicaragua, Panama. 21. Diabrotica flavolimbata, Krichs. Archiv. fur Naturgeschichte, 1847, 1., p. 169. Diabrotica Balyi, Jac., Cist. Hnt., u1., p. 525. 22. Drabrotica puncticollis, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 846; Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 234. Hab. Colombia. South American species of Diabrotica. 423 23. Diabrotica cognata, Baly. P. Z.§., 1889, p. 93. Late ovate, postice sat valde ampliata, convexa, dorso sub- depressa fulva, nitida, pectore, scutello capiteque nigris; thorace transverso, fortiter punctato, disco profunde bifoveolato ; elytris rude et profunde subseriato-punctatis, utrisque tricostatis, nigris, limbo externo fulvo, tibiis anticis quatuor dorso, tarsisque quatuor anticis piceo-tinctis. Long. 9 mm. Hab. Ecuador (Buckley). Head scarcely longer than broad, triangular, black, the jaws and palpi piceo-fulvous ; clypeus with a strongly raised longitudinal ridge, sides granulose-punctate ; antenne four-fifths the length of body, slender, filiform, the second joint short, subovate, the third three times its length, the fourth as long as the third. Thorax twice as broad as long; sides deeply sinuate, and diverging from the base to beyond the middle, thence rounded to the apex, anterior and posterior angles produced, the former obtuse, the latter sub- acute: upper surface strongly but not very closely punctured, impressed scarcely behind the middle with two large deep fovex ; the space between slightly depressed. Elytra with the sides gradually dilated from the base to the posterior angle, their apices conjointly regularly rounded; above convex on the sides, flattened along the suture, coarsely and strongly subseriate-punctate ; each elytron with three strongly raised longitudinal costz, which extend from the base nearly to the apex. [Baly.| 24. Diabrotica rugata, Baly. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., vol. iii. (1879), p. 84. Hab. Ecuador. 25. Diabrotica coryphea, Baly. Diabrotica coryphea, Baly, Journ. Linn. Soe., xix., Daas. D. puncticollis, var., Kirsch., Berl. Ent. Zeit., xxvii. (1883), p. 208. Hab. Colombia. 26. Diabrotica viridipennis, Jacoby. Cist. Ent., i1., p. 526. ab: Peru. 424 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the 27. Diabrotica exinua, Baly. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., vol. ili., p. 74. Hab. Bolivia. 28. Diabrotica pulchra, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 345. Diabrotica gloriosa, v. Harold, Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ver., 1877, p. 110. Hab. Colombia. 29, Diabrotica verrucosa, Jacoby. Elongata, postice paullo ampliata, convexa, fulvo-testacea, nitida, capite nigro, antennis apice pedibusque flavis, scutello thoraceque rufis, hoc trifoveolato ; elytris modice convexis medio transversim depressis, ad apicem subventricosis rude rugulosis, viridi-eneis, fascia vix pone medium limboque externo flavis. Var. A. Elytrorum fascia obsoleta. Jacoby, Proc. Zool. Soe., 1880, p. 608, pl. lv., fig. 1. Var. B. Antennis flavis articulis intermediis nigris. Var. C. Antennis totis flavis. Mas. Elytris vitta curvata elevata ante apicem prope suturam posita instructis. Hab. YEcuador (Buckley). Head not longer than broad, triangular; clypeus with a distinct longitudinal ridge; antenne filiform, shorter than the body, the second joint short, the third more than twice its length, rather shorter than the fourth. Thorax one-half broader than long; sides sinuate behind the middle, rounded and converging towards the apex; anterior and hinder angles subacute; disk trifoveolate, the middle fovea placed behind the others, and _ ill-defined. Elytra oblong, slightly dilated posteriorly, convex, transversely depressed across the middle, subventricose posteriorly, coarsely rugose. The above insect is very nearly allied to D. Hrichsoni, Baly. It differs in its somewhat larger size, and in the coarser punctuation and brighter colour of its elytra. The two are possibly extreme forms of the same species. [Baly.] South American species of Diabrotica. 425 80. Dirabrotica Hrichsoni, Baly. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd ser., iv., p. 272 (1859). Hlongata, postice paullo ampliata, modice convexa, fulva aut rofo-fulva, nitida, capite antennisque, articulis ultimis quatuor exceptis, nigris ; thorace trifoveolato, fovea intermedia parva ; ely- tris oblongis, modice convexis, medio late transversim depressis, crebre punctatis, subrugulosis, obsolete tricostatis, his costis inter- dum totis obsoletis; plumbeis aut sordide viridi-wneis, limbo externo flavo. Mas. Elytris utrisque creta elevata, leviter curvata ante apicem prope suturam posita. Hab. HKcuador; banks of the Napo, Upper Amazons. Head longer than broad, wedge-shaped; clypeus with a faint longitudinal ridge, which extends downwards nearly to the apical margin; antenne filiform, obsoletely thickened towards the apex, four-fifths the length of the body, the four outer joints yellowish white. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long ; sides sinuate behind the middle, rounded and slightly converging anteriorly; above convex, disk broadly excavated, trifoveolate, the middle fovea much smaller than the others. Elytra oblong, very slightly dilated posteriorly, their apices conjointly regularly rounded; above moderately convex, faintly depressed transversely across the middle, finely rugulose, closely punctured; on the middle disk of each elytron are three very fine ill-defined longitudinal coste, which in some specimens are entirely obsolete. [Baly.] 31. Diabrotica Batesi, Baly. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd ser., iv., 1859, p. 271. Hab. Amazons. 32. Diabrotica vespertina, Baly. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd ser., iv., p. 271. Elongata, postice paullo ampliata convexa, fulvo-flava, nitida, capite nigro; antennis apice albidis, scutello nigro-piceo; thorace quam longo fere duplo latiori disco late excavata utrinque magis fortiter excavato; elytris oblongis, viridiscente purpureo-metallicis, erebre et fortiter punctatis, rugulosis. Mas. Antennarum articulis quatuor leviter incrassitis; elytris utrisque ante apicem prope suturam erecta elevata medio torulosa instructis. Long. 4—5 lin. 426 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the Hab. Ecuador; banks of the Napo River (Buckley). Head triangular, not longer than broad; clypeus with a narrow elevated ridge, which extends downwards rather below the middle, and there terminates on a broad ill-defined elevation, which extends obliquely outwards on either side; the surface above this transverse elevation granulose, subremotely punctured, the space below shining, impunctate ; antenne rather shorter than the body, robust in the §, rather more slender in the other sex, filiform, the four upper joints slightly thickened in the g; the second joint short, obconic; the third more than twice its length, scarcely shorter than the fourth; black, the four upper joints yellowish white. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides broadly mar- gined, deeply sinuate behind the middle, rounded and slightly dilated anteriorly, converging towards the apex, the anterior and posterior angles obtuse; upper surface abruptly deflexed on the sides, flattened and broadly excavated on the disk; the excavation impressed with a shallow ill-defined fovea on either side, in some specimens is also a third fovea, small and ill-defined; this fovea is often entirely obsolete. Scutellum triangular, its apex acute. Elytra narrowly oblong, very slightly dilated posteriorly, their apices conjointly, rather obtusely rounded; above convex, not excavated below the basilar space, closely and strongly punctured, the interspaces rugulose, irregularly and transversely wrinkled on the middle disk; on each elytron in the g, placed towards the apex near the suture, is a strongly raised, slightly curved, longi- tudinal ridge, the middle of which is occupied by a large obtuse tuberosity; the space between the two ridges concave, shining, impunctate. |Baly.| 30. Diabrotica azureipennis, Gahan, sp. n. Diabrotica azureipennis (Dej.). Flavo-testacea, capite antennis (articulis tribus ultimis albidis exceptis) tibiis tarsisque nigris, elytris cyaneis vel violaceis ; pro- thoracis dorso transversim impresso, nitido, vix punctato; elytris fortiter confertissimeque punctatis. Long. 6—7 mm. Hab. Cayenne. Head black, with the under side and palpi yellowish. Antenne black, with the last three joints whitish ; fourth joint almost as long as the second and third united; the third twice as long as the second. Prothorax nearly twice as broad as lone; sides sinuate Do? and slightly diverging from the base to beyond the middle, thence converging to the apex; disk with a transverse depression in the South American species of Diabrotica. 427 middle. Elytra strongly and very closely punctured; dark blue or violaceous. Body uuderneath and femora yellowish, tibiz and tarsi black. Hach elytron in the male with a short slightly curved carina near the suture posteriorly. 34. Diabrotica ornata, Baly. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd ser., iv., p. 273. ilab Eerul. 35. Dirabrotica adonis, Baly. Jb, Oop \05 PN Hab. Venezuela, Colombia; also Panama. 36. Diabrotica denotata, Gahan, n.n. Diabrotica bipartita, Baly, P.Z.8., 1889, p. 95, nec Jacoby, Biologia C. A., p. 508. Oblonga, postice ampliata, convexa, flava, nitida ; capite, scutello thoraceque nigris, hoc transversim sulcato, basi piceo marginato ; antennis flavis, articulis basali et intermediis nigris; elytris ob- longis, postice paullo ampliatis, convexis, infra basin excavatis, sat crebre punctatis, dimidio antico, margine excepto, viridi-neo ; prope medium fascia elevata et pone fasciam sulco transverso viridi-zeneo instructis. Mas. Elytris ante apicem prope suturam, vitta obsolete elevata instructis. Long. 4 lin. Hab. Eastern Ecuador (Buckley). Head trigonate; antennz with the third joint three times the length of the second, scarcely shorter than the fourth; the basal joint, together with the fifth, sixth, and seventh, black ; the second to the fourth flavous, stained with piceous; the eighth and following ones pale flavous. Thorax twice as broad as long; sides nearly parallel and sinuate from the base to the middle, thence slightly converging towards the apex; disk shining, impunctate, impressed across the middle with a broad transverse sulcation, which is more deeply excavated at either end. Elytra oblong, dilated posteriorly, moderately convex, excavated below the basilar space, distinctly and rather closely punctured; flavous, the anterior disk (the outer margin excepted), together with a transverse sulcation immediately behind the middle, metallic-green; this sulcation, which extends 498 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the entirely across the elytron, is bounded anteriorly by a narrow flavous ridge. [Baly.] 37. Diabrotica suturalis, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 3rd ser., ii., 1865, p. 348. Hab. Cayenne, Brazil. 38. Diabrotica triplagiata, Baly. Elongata, postice paullo ampliata, modice convexa, flava, nitida, capite nigro, antennis apice flavo-albidis; thorace trifoveolato nigro-cupreo, lateribus pallide flavis ; elytris pallide flavis, utrisque plaga magna communi a basi fere ad medium extensa, ad latus abbreviata alteraque pone medium utrinque abbreviata nigro- cupreis. Diabrotica triplagiata, Baly, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., October, 1859, p. 272. Var. A. Elytris nigro-cupreis, limbo externo, apice amplato fasciaque mediali pallide flavis. Diabrotica trabeata, Kirsch., Berl. Ent. Zeit., xxvii., 1883, Heft 11, p. 201. Var. B. Elytrorum fascia mediali obsoleta, ceteris ut in Var. A. Mas. Elytris utrisque pone medium prope suturam carina brevi elevata instructis. Hab. Ecuador; banks of the River Napo (Stobel, Buckley). Type and var. A, Upper Amazons; var. B (Staudinger). I cannot separate D. trabeata, Kirsch., whose type- specimen I have before me, from D. triplagiata, mihi, and have therefore placed the two forms under a single head. WD. fraterna, an insect closely resembling in coloration the present species, I found on subsequent examination to belong to the genus Dircema, Clark. [Baly.] 39. Diabrotica flavomarginata, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 234. Hab. Colombia, Magdelaine, Bogota. 40. Diabrotica coccinea, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 345. Var. A. Supra pallide piceo-fulva, cxteris ut in typo. Var. B. Pectore abdomineque nigris, ceteris ut in var. A. South American species of Diabrotica. 429 Hab. Colombia, Magdalena River (type); Cauca (vars. A and B). The present species is very similar in form to D. elongata, Duviv.; it may be known by its smaller size, by the strongly torulose elytra, and by the presence of a third transverse sulcation behind the middle of the latter. [Baly.] 41. Diabrotica elongata, Duviv. Comptes rend. de la Soc. Ent. Belgique, 1887, tom. XONTleg [Oo xan Elongata, postice ampliata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigra pedi- bus piceis; supra picea, elytris apice antennisque sordide fulvis, scutello nigro; thorace quam longiori vix latiori, lateribus sinuatis, disco bifoveolato ; elytris infra basin et prope medium transversim depressis, tenuissime punctatis. Var. A. Pedibus antennisque nigro-piceis, ceteris ut in typo. Hab. Colombia, Cauca. Head longer than broad, wedge-shaped; clypeus with a distinct longitudinal ridge; labrum black; antenne filiform, three-fourths the length of the body, the second joint short, the third more than twice its length, nearly equal to the fourth. Thorax slightly broader than long; sides slightly produced and rounded just before the middle, rather deeply sinuate behind the latter; above mode- rately convex, rather abruptly deflexed on the sides, shining, very minutely punctured, the punctures only visible under a lens; disk impressed on either side with a large round fovea. Elytra sub- elongate, gradually dilated posteriorly, their apices conjointly regularly rounded; above convex, minutely punctured, trans- versely excavated below the basilar space and again across the middle, the space between these depressions thickened. This species differs from D. coccinea, Baly, in the absence of the third transverse depression on the elytra, present in the latter insect, and in the surface between the sulcations being much less strongly thickened. [Baly.] 42. Diabrotica eneipennis, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 284. Hab. Colombia. 430 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the 43. Diabrotica cribrata, Gahan, sp. n. Sordide flava, antennis (articulo primo subtus excepto) tibis tarsisque nigris, elytris viridis vel viridi-cyaneis; capite subnitido; prothorace transverso, nitido, impunctato, dorso utrinque leviter vel obsolete foveolato-impresso; elytris creberrime fortiterque punctatis. Long. 8—9 mm. Hab. Brazil—Petropolis J. Gray). Antenne black, with the scape underneath yellow; third joint twice as long as the second, and scarcely shorter than the fourth. Head yellow, somewhat glossy and impunctate; the face rather short, with an obtuse transverse elevation below, from which a very short median ridge passes as far as between the insertion of antenne. Prothorax yellow, transverse, with the lateral margins very feebly curved in the middle, and slightly projecting in a short blunt process at each of the four angles; the disk glossy and impunctate, and very faintly impressed on each side. LElytra metailic green or bluish green, strongly and very closely punctured ; body underneath and femora yellow. Tibi and tarsi black. 44, Diabrotica cinctipennis, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 449. Hab. Peru. 45. Diabrotica digna, Gahan, sp. n. Flava; antennis tibiis tarsisque et elytris nigris, his limbo externo et apice flavis; prothorace transverso, nitido, bi-impresso; elytris fortiter creberrimeque punctatis. Long. 8 mm. Hab. Brazil, Petropolis, Rio Janeiro. Antenne filiform, slightly thickened towards the middle, black; the third joint about equal in length to the fourth. Head and prothorax yellow; the disk of the latter feebly punctured in places, and with two foveolate impressions. Elytra strongly and very closely punctured, black, with a marginal band, slightly increasing in width to the apex, flavous. Femora and under side of the body yellowish; tibize and tarsi black. 46. Diabrotica marginipennis, Gahan, sp. n. Diabrotica marguupennis (Reiche MS.). Sordide flava; antennis, tibiis, tarsisque, et elytris nigris, his marginibus lateralibus et apicalibus flavis; prothorace transverso South American species of Diabrotica 431 nitido, dorso tenuissime sparsissimeque punctato, utrinque leviter foveolato-impresso ; elytris sub-nitidis, sat fortiter et dense punc- tatis. Long 6 mm. Hab. Brazil, Rio Janeiro. Antenne filiform, black, with the third joint more than twice as long as the second, and about equal in length to the fourth. Prothorax transverse, yellowish, nitid; the disk with some feeble punctures towards the sides and base, and with a foveolate im- pression on each side of the middle. Hlytra subnitid, thickly and somewhat strongly punctured, black, with a marginal band, widening slightly towards the apex, flavous. Legs and under-side of body sordid yellow; tibiz and tarsi black. This species closely resembles the preceding, but is smaller, with the elytra somewhat glossy, and their punctures not so strong nor so closely placed together. 47. Diabrotica albidocincta, Baly, sp. u. Subelongata, postice paullo ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida ; femoribus, dorso exceptis, tiblis anticis, dorso exceptis, tibiis posticis apice, antennis apice, thoracis lateribus elytrorumque limbo externo, albidis; thorace transverso, lateribus ante medium paullo ampliatis, disco profunde bifoveolato, postice sat fortiter punctato ; elytris crebre sat fortiter punctatis. Long. 63 mm. Hab. - Brazil. Head triangular, not broader than long; clypeus with a strongly raised longitudinal ridge ; antenne filiform, very slightly thickened at the apex, nearly equal to the body in length, the second joint oblong-ovate, the third twice its length, equal to the fourth; black, the upper two joints, the apex of the terminal one excepted, white. Thorax more than one-half broader than long; sides rather broadly margined, sinuate and diverging to just beyond the middle, thence rounded and converging towards the apex, the anterior angles tuberculate, the hinder ones subacute; upper surface moderately convex; hinder disk impressed with two large deeply excavated subtrigonate fovesee, which are separated from each other by a narrow line; anterior disk shining, nearly impunctate, the hinder disk, together with the fovex, strongly punctured. Scutellum nigro-piceous. Elytra narrowly oblong, slightly dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded at the apices, convex, flattened along the suture, the humeral callus prominent; surface strongly and rather closely punctured, [Baly.] 432, Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the 48. Diabrotica flavocincta, Baly. Journ. Winn SOc), Xx, ps 25D. Hab. Colombia. 49. Diabrotica Staudingeri, Baly. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv., p. 254. Elongata, postice vix ampliata, modice convexa, nigra, nitida; femoribus, thoracis superficie inferiori lateribusque elytrorumque limbo externo apice ampliato, flavo-albidis; thorace quam longo vix latiori, fortiter punctato, disco obsolete excavato; elytris anguste oblongis, subcrebre fortiter punctatis. Long. 9 mm. Hab. Colombia, Cauca; a single specimen. Head triangular, not longer than broad; clypeus with a strongly raised longitudinal ridge; antenne slender, filiform, nearly equal to the body in length, the second joint shorter, the third twice its length, nearly as long as the fourth, the basal joint piceous beneath, the roots black. Thorax only slightly broader than long; sides rounded before the middle, sinuate behind the latter, the anterior angles thickened, obtuse, the hinder ones subacute; upper surface convex, obsoletely excavated on the middle disk, coarsely punctured ; the extreme lateral border yellowish white. Elytra narrowly oblong, scarcely dilated posteriorly, their apices con- jointly regularly rounded; above moderately convex, strongly punctured ; subhumeral ridge obsoletely elevated, bounded within by a broad shallow sulcation. [Baly.] 50. Diabrotica limbatipennis, Baly. P. Z. S., 1889, p. 98. Subelongata, postice vix ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida; femori- bus basi elytrorumque limbo externo flavo-albidis; thorace quam longo fere duplo latiori, dorso vix pone medium bifoveolato ; elytris sat crebre punctatis, punctis apicem versus minus fortiter im- pressis, czeruleo-nigris, limbo externo late albidis. Long. 45 mm. Hab. Brazil, New Friburg. Head triangular, not longer than broad; clypeus with a strongly raised longitudinal ridge; sides vaguely punctured; antenn filiform, nearly equal to the body in length, the second joint South American species of Diabrotica. 433 short, obovate, the third and fourth equal, each nearly twice the length of the second. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides straight and nearly parallel from the base to beyond the middle, thence obliquely converging towards the apex, anterior and pos- terior angles acute; above convex, impressed on the hinder disk just behind the medial line of the thorax with two large fovee. Elytra narrowly oblong, scarcely dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded at the apices, convex, not excavated below the basilar space, rather strongly punctured, the puncturing finer towards the apex; on each elytron, when viewed obliquely, are seen several faintly elevated longitudinal cost. [Baly.| 51. Diabrotica abbreviata, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 238. Hab. Colombia. 52. Diabrotica cinctella, Chevr. Luperus cinctellus, Chevr., in Guer. Icon. régne anim., p. 304, pl. 49, bis. fig. 6. “Niger, capite, thorace (foveis duabus), margine elytrorum femoribus primoque articulo antennarum infra luteis; elytris nitidis crebre punctatis.” Long. 5 mm. Hab. Brazil. Head and prothorax sordid yellow; the disk of the latter rather closely punctured, with two foveolate depressions, which are some- times united together transversely. Hlytra closely and not very strongly punctured, nitid, black; with the outer border, slightly and angularly dilated at the apex, yellow. Body underneath (pro- thorax excepted), tibiz, tarsi, and the tips of the femora above, black. Var. Disk of prothorax with a median oblong black spot. This species is most nearly allied to D. limbifera, Baly, from which it is to be distinguished by the black colour of its breast and abdomen. In its shape and coloration of its upper side, it has a strong resemblance to D. cinctella, Harold. 53. Diabrotica limbifera, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 257. Hab. Peru. 434 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the 54. Diabrotica brasiliensis, Jacoby. Notes Leyden Mus., vol. x. (1888), p. 156. Hab. Brazil. 55. Diabrotica dorsalis, Jac. Cist. Ent., i., p. 523. Hab. Peru. 56. Diabrotica alternata, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soce., xix., p. 244. Hab. Colombia. 57. Diabrotica teniolata, Gahan, sp. n. Brunnea; antennis articulis octavo nonoque sordide albis; pro- thorace transverso, disco punctulato et bifoveolato; elytris crebre fortiterque punctatis, rufo-brunneis, marginibus externis sutura et vitta utrinque ab humero descendente, pallide flavis ; femoribus basi abdominisque annulis flavo-testaceis. Long. 5} mm. doo. | Peru. This species may be placed near D. alternata, Baly, from which it is to be distinguished by its reddish or chocolate-brown colour, and by the stronger and closer punctuation of its elytra. In alternata the legs are entirely yellowish; in the present species the tibia, tarsi, and the tips of the femora are reddish brown. 58. Diabrotica spiloptera, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soe., xix., p. 242. Hab. Colombia. 59. Diabrotica preercollis, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 453. Hab. Amazons. 60. Diabrotica melanospila, Gahan, n.n. Diabrotica spiloptera, Baly, P. Z.8., 1889, p. 92. Anguste ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida ; femori- bus, abdomine (hoc piceo tincto) elytrisque flavis; his distincte minus crebre punctatis, utrinque plagis tribus prime infra basin South American species of Diabrotica. 435 eallum humeralem posita, trigonata, secunda prope medium trans- versa, tertiaque pone medium subrotundata, nigris ornatis. Long. 43 mm. Hab. Brazil. Head not longer than broad, triangular; clypeus smooth, im- punctate ; antenne filiform, obsoletely thickened towards the apex, the second joint short, ovate, the third nearly twice its length, the fourth slightly longer than the third; the two lower joints glabrous, the rest clothed with fuscous hairs. Thorax about one-fourth broader than long; sides broadly margined, nearly straight, and very slightly diverging from the base to beyond the middle, thence rounded and converging towards the apex, the anterior angles rounded, the hinder ones subacute; above convex, rather abruptly deflexed on the sides, flattened on the middle disk, subremotely punctured. Hlytra ovate, dilated posteriorly, their apices regularly rounded above, convex, not depressed below the basilar space, rather strongly punctured, the outer limb broad. ([Baly.] 61. Diabrotica significata, Gahan, sp. n. Diabrotica signifera, Chev. MS., nec Jac. D. 15-maculata (Dej.). Oblongo-ovata, flava, nitida; capite obscure rufo; antennis articulo primo flavo, ceteris ferrugineis vel fuscis; prothorace dorso convexo, maculis duabus brunneis ornato; scutello piceo-rufo; elytris flavis, maculis tredecim brunneis—una communi elongata pone scutellum, una utrinque ad humerum, duabus utrinque ante, duabus pone medium, una minuta utrinque prope apicem ; pro- sterno, abdomine pedibusque testaceo-flavis; peetore ferrugineo vel fusco. Long. 6 mm. Var. Elytris fere omnino flavis. Hab. Brazil, Bahia. Head dark red, somewhat glossy. Antenne with the first joint yellow, the remaining joints reddish brown or dark brown, with the third and following joints subequal, each rather more than twice as long as the second. Prothorax a little broader than long, yellow, nitid, and marked on the disk with two brownish spots. Elytra yellowish, glossy, almost impunctate, with, usually, thirteen brownish or reddish brown spots, of which one, common, elongate, and spatulate, is placed behind the scutellum, one on each side just over the shoulder, two on each side before the middle, which are often confluent, two on each side behind the middle, and one very small spot close to the suture on each side near the apex. In one TRANS. ENT, SOC, LOND. 1891.—ParRT Ill. (ocT.) 2a 436 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the or two specimens the small posterior spots are wanting. In another the three outer spots of each elytron are united to form a longi- tudinal band. Again, there is a variety in which the elytra are almost wholly flavous, the brown being restricted to a very short sutural line behind the scutellum, and a short broken vitta passing back from each shoulder. 62. Diabrotica maculatipennis, Baly, sp. n. Anguste ovata, postice paullo ampliata, convexa, flava, nitida, pectore capiteque nigris, antennis basi piceis apice piceo-fulvis, scutello piceo ; thorace quam longo paullo latiori, convexo, minute subremote punctato, fulvo-rufo; elytris subcrebre punctatis, utris- que maculis sex nigris ornatis. Long. 5—5} mm. Hab. Brazil, Tejuca (Gray). Head triangular, not longer than broad ; clypeus with a strongly elevated ridge; antennx nearly equal to the body in length, fili- form, the second joint short, subovate, the third twice its length, nearly as long as the fourth, the first and fourth joints piceous, the second and third, together with the three upper ones, piceo-fulvous. Thorax scarcely one-fourth broader than long; sides straight and parallel from the base to beyond the middle, thence slightly con- verging towards the apex, the hinder and anterior angles obtuse ; upper surface convex, finely and subremotely punctured. Elytra ovate, moderately dilated posteriorly, the apices conjointly rounded ; above convex, obsoletely depressed on the suture below the basilar space, distinctly punctured; each elytron with six black or nigro- piceous markings, one basal, linear, placed on the suture, common, and extending for nearly one-third of its length, a second large, subovate, covering the humeral callus, two very small, placed transversely near the middle of the disk, and two rather larger, placed transversely and somewhat obliquely half-way between the middle and the apex. [Baly.] 63. Diabrotica nigropunctata, Gahan, sp. n. Oblongo-ovata, postice paullo ampliata, convexa, nigra, pro- thorace elytrisque fulvis ; prothorace crebre obsoleteque punctato, nitido; elytris crebre punctatis, utrisque punctis sex nigris. Long. 5} mm. Hab. Brazil. Head black, clypeus with a rather feebly raised longitudinal carina. Antenne black, more than half the length of the body; South American species of Diabrotica. 437 third joint twice as long as the second, and about equal in length to the fourth. Prothorax about half as broad again as long; sides parallel and feebly sinuate from the base to beyond the middle, thence converging to the apex; the anterior angles slightly tuber- culate; upper surface convex, closely but somewhat indistinctly punctured. Scutellum black. EHlytra closely punctured, fulvous, each with six small somewhat rounded black spots, one on the humeral callus, one on the disk nearly half-way between the basal margin and the middle, two placed transversely at about the middle, the remaining two placed slightly obliquely between the middle and the apex. The above characters apply to two specimens in the B. M. collection. In a specimen from Parana, with somewhat shorter antenne, the clypeus has a more distinct longitudinal carina, and the upper surface of the prothorax is very distinctly punctured. These differences are perhaps sexual. I cannot regard them as specific, the agreement in other respects being so extremely close. 64. Diabrotica biseriata, Gahan, sp. n. Oblongo-ovata, postice ampliata, sordide fulva, capite antennis (his basi apiceque exceptis) pectore et maculis octo subquadratis elytrorum (quatuor ad basin transversim—quatuor versus apicem subarcuatim—positis) nigris; prothoracis dorso nitido, obsolete punctulato, antice utrinque bifoveolato; elytris crebre punctulatis, utrisque pone humerum longitudinaliter subsuleatis. Long. 7—9 mm. Hab. Brazil, Parana. Head black, rather short in front, with a median foveolate im- pression above the insertion of the antenne; these rather longer than half the body, black, with the first three joints, the last two joints, and the under side of the fourth joint, fulvous; third joint almost three times as long as the second, and nearly equal in length to the fourth. Prothorax with length to breadth as 3 to 2; disk nitid, obsoletely punctulate, with a feeble foveolate impression on each side before the middle. Elytra closely punctate, with a short and feeble longitudinal groove on each side behind the shoulder ; each with four somewhat square or oblong black spots, two placed transversely at the base, two slightly obliquely between the middle and the apex; with the parts surrounding the black spots somewhat paler in colour than the rest of the surface. Breast black ; legs and rest of the under side of the body fulvous. 2a2 438 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the 65. Diabrotica humeralis, Gahan, sp. n. Fulvo-testacea; capite metasternoque nigris, antennis medio apiceque infuscatis ; prothoracis dorso impunctato, nitido, obsolete tri-impresso ; elytris dense distincteque punctatis, utrisque vittis brevibus duabus (una marginali, altera dorsali) antice ad humerum conjunctis, et maculis duabus, pone medium obliquiter positis, nigro-cyaneis. Long. 6} mm. Hab. Peru. Head black. Prothorax testaceous, nitid, almost impunctate, and with three very faint and almost obsolete impressions on the disk; sides straight and nearly parallel from the base to the anterior third, thence converging anteriorly. Elytra dilated pos- teriorly, thickly and rather strongly punctured; each with two short vittz, one along the margin below the shoulder, the other on the disk above the shoulder, which are united in front, and with two spots, obliquely placed between the middle and the apex, dark blue. 66. Diabrotica bistrigata (Reiche MS.), sp. n. Ovata, postice paullo dilatata; capite nigro; antennis medio fuscis, basi apiceque fulvis; prothorace testaceo, disco convexo levi vix punctato ; elytris dense punctulatis, flavis, sutura breviter pone scutellum et vitta utrinque ab humero descendente et postice abbreviata nigro-fuscis; corpore subtus (pectore nigro excepto) pedibusque flavis. Long. 5—6 mm. Hab. Brazil: Petropolis, Constancia, Tejuca (H. Clark and J. Gray). Head black; antenne dark brown, with the two or three last and usually also the first two or three joints fulvous. Prothorax testaceous, the disk smooth, convex, and almost impunctate. Elytra thickly and finely punctured, yellow, with the suture for a short distance behind the scutellum and a vitta on each side from the shoulder extending to about the beginning of the apical third, and often interrupted a little before its extremity, brownish black. This species resembles some in the first section, but is easily to be distinguished by the relative length of the third antennal joint. This joint is more than twice as long as the second, and is quite equal in length to the fourth, South American species of Diabrotica. 439 67. Diabrotica interruptolineata, Baly. IPs Zig Shop Altehel9), jon Gale Ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, fulvo-flava, nitida; pectore, scutello, capitis vertice, ore antennisque nigris, his apice albidis ; thorace levi; elytris crebre punctatis, flavis, utrisque linea dis- coidali, pone basin late interrupta, longe ante apicem abbreviata, alteraque submarginali, a basi fere ad apicem extensa nigris. Long. 8 mm. Hab. Brazil, Tejuca (Gray). Head triangular, not longer than broad; clypeus with a broad longitudinal ridge; antenne four-fifths the length of the body, filiform, the second joint short, submoniliform, the third more than twice its length, distinctly longer than the fourth ; black, the three outer joints yellowish white, the basal joint, and in some specimens the following one, piceous, stained above with black. Thorax scarcely one-half broader than long; sides nearly straight and slightly diverging from the base to beyond the middle, thence rounded and converging towards the apex, the anterior angles thickened, subtuberculate, the hinder ones acute; disk concave, shining, impunctate. Hlytra oblong-ovate, dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded conjointly at the apices; convex, not excavated below the basilar space, closely and rather strongly punctured, obsoletely rugulose. [Baly.] 68. Diabrotica delicula, Krichs. Wieg. Archiv. fur Naturg., 1847, i., p. 169. Hab. Peru. 69. Diabrotica 10-verrucata (Chey. MS.), sp. n. Capite nigro, subnitido; antennis fusco-ferrugineis articulo basali piceo ; prothorace fulvo, nitido, dorso convexo impunctato ; elytris sat dense punctulatis, nigris, singulis maculis quinque fulvis (2, 2, 1) posteriore maxima rotundata; corpore subtus (prothorace excepto) pedibusque nigris. Long. 6 mm. Hab. Brazil (Porto Allegro). Head black and somewhat glossy. Antenne dusky ferruginous, with the basal joint pitchy brown and shining. Prothorax trans- verse, fulvous; disk convex, smooth and impunctate. Elytra slightly dilated posteriorly, very finely and rather thickly punc- tured, black; each with five fulvous spots, of which two are in front of the middle, two at or just behind the middle, the fifth, 440 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the larger and more rounded, near the apex. The legs and the under side of the body, the prothorax excepted, are black. This species looks, at first sight, somewhat like D. Chevrolati, Har., but is very distinct. 70. Diabrotica Chevrolati, Harold. Col., Hefte xiii., 1875, p. 98. Hab. Colombia. 71. Diabrotica Volxemi, Baly. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv., p. 253. Ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, nigro-cuprea, nitida, antennis nigris; thorace bifoveolato, subcrebre punctato; elytris tenuiter punctatis, fulvis, limbo externo, sutura maculisque irregularibus, hic illic inter se confluentibus, nigro-cupreis. Long. 63—73 mm. Hab. Brazil (Van Volxem). Head triangular, scarcely longer than broad; clypeus finely punctured, its medial line with an impunctate longitudinal ridge ; antenne filiform, the second joint short, obovate, the third nearly twice its length, the fourth scarcely longer than the third; black, the bases of the three or four lower joints piceous. Thorax about one-half broader than long; sides slightly sinuate and slightly diverging from the base, thence obliquely rounded and converging towards the apex, the anterior angles tuberculate, the hinder ones acute; upper surface moderately convex, distinctly and rather closely punctured; disk impressed on either side with a deep round fovea. Elytra broadly ovate, dilated posteriorly, their apices con- jointly regularly rounded, moderately convex, not impressed below the basilar space, minutely punctured. [Baly.] 72. Diabrotica Deyrollei, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 8rd ser., ii. (1865), p. 847; Journ. Linn. Soe., xix., p. 241. Hab. Colombia. 73. Diabrotica eneiventris, Baly. PLA) 1889s poke Anguste ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, nigro-enea, nitida, tibiis, tarsis, scutello capiteque nigris, antennis basi piceo-fulvis, South American species of Diabrotica. 441 articulis apicalibus quatuor, ultimi apice excepto, pallide flavis ; thorace, femoribusque flavis, his dorso nigro-lineatis; thorace obsolete tri-impresso; elytris tenuiter sat crebre punctatis, viridi- zeneis, utrisque limbo externo, maculis duabus infra basin, trans- versim positis, fascia curvata vix pone medium, utrinque abbre- viata, maculaque subapicali ad limbum adfixa, flavis. Long. 11 mm. Hab. Banks of Napo. Head longer than broad, wedge-shaped; clypeus with a dis- tinctly elevated longitudinal ridge; antenne filiform, more than half the length of the body, the second joint short, the third twice its length, nearly as long as the fourth; black, the four lower joints piceo-fulvous, stained above with nigro-piceous, the four upper ones, the apex of the apical one excepted, pale flavous. Thorax twice as broad as long; sides straight and nearly parallel from the base to beyond the middle, thence obliquely converging towards the apex, all the angles slightly produced, acute; disk transversely convex, finely but subremotely punctured; disk impressed trans- versely on either side with a shallow oblong fovea, medial line impressed at the base with a short longitudinal groove. Elytra narrowly oblong, dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded conjointly at the apex, convex, slightly flattened along the suture, finely and rather closely punctured. [Baly.] 74. Diabrotica Reichet, sp. n. Diabrotica glauconotata (Reiche MS8.). Pallide-olivacea; capite, metathorace tibiis tarsisque et elytris higris, his limbo externo et maculis tribus magnis utrinque flavo- olivaceis, antennis articulis 20 ad 6um fuscis, sequentibus fulvo- ferrugineis; prothorace quam longitudine vix latiore, lateribus sub: parallelis, medio leviter sinuatis; dorso leviter convexo, nitido, obsolete punctulatis, elytris oblongo-ovatis dense punctulatis. Long. 9mm. Hab. Ecuador and Colombia. Head black; front rather short, with a median ridge passing from the raised clypeal margin to a point between the insertion of the antenne. Antennz with the basal joint yellowish, the following joints to the sixth dark brown, the remaining joints fulvous red ; with the third joint twice as long as the second, and almost equal in length to the fourth. Prothorax almost as long as broad, slightly convex on the disk, glossy and obsoletely punctu- 449, Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the late; sides nearly parallel, feebly sinuate in the middle, slightly converging at the apex. Elytra black, thickly and finely punc- tured ; each with a short longitudinal groove behind the shoulder, with the outer margin and three large spots pale olivaceous yellow. The first spot is near the base, the second transverse and touching on the outside the marginal band, is placed at the middle, the third is quite at the apex, where it joins the marginal band; the latter is slightly expanded opposite the interval between the two anterior spots. The femora and the under side of the body, the metathorax excepted, are greenish testaceous. This species resembles in coloration D. viridimaculata, Jac., but may be distinguished by its larger size, and the relative length of the third joint of its antenne. 75. Diabrotica Steinheili, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soce., xix., p. 240. Hab. Colombia. 76. Diabrotica 10-guttata, Oliv. Entom., vi., p. 651, tab. iv., fig. 63. Anguste oblonga, postice paullo ampliata, convexa, subtus flava, pectore tibiis tarsisque piceis ; supra picea aut nigro-picea, thorace, scutello antennarumque articulis subapicalibus flavis; elytris ob- longis, postice paullo ampliatis tenuiter, crebre punctatis, utrisque limbo exteriori maculisque quinque, 2, 2, 1 dispositis, flavis. Var. A. Capite cum antennis flavis. Var. B. Elytrorum limbo disco concolori. Var. C. Elytrorum maculis inter se confluentibus. Var. D. Elytris totis flavis. Mas. Antennis articulis tertio ad quintum elongatis, paullo incrassatis; tibiis intermediis curvatis, apice acutis. Fam. Antennis filiformibus articulis intermediis non incras- satis; tibiis intermediis simplicibus. Long. 8—9 mm. Hab. Cayenne, Amazons, Peru; Bahia (Olivier). Antenne nearly equal to the body in length, the third joint nearly three times the length of the second, only very slightly shorter than the fourth, the latter equal to or slightly longer than the fifth, the third, fourth, and fifth in the § longer than the following ones, and slightly thickened. Thorax twice as broad as South American species of Diabrotica. 448 long; sides obliquely converging from the base to the apex, obso- letely bisinuate and angulate near the middle, the basal angle pro- duced, subacute ; above transversely convex, slightly flattened on the hinder disk, shining, impunctate. Elytra closely but finely punctured. This species is very variable in the coloration of the head and elytra; the form passes through all the inter- mediate degrees from nigro-piceous to flavous. ‘The elytra vary equally. Ido not possess a specimen exactly agreeing with the description given by Olivier, but have little doubt that specimens similarly coloured do occur. [Baly.] 77. Diabrotica Belemea (Reiche MS.), sp. n. Flavo-testacea vel fulva; capite supra nigra, antennis fuscis, articulis basalibus brunneis vel flavo-brunneis, articulis 7o et 80 albescentibus; prothorace transverso, ante basin obsolete trans- versim depresso, lateribus leviter bisinuatis, disco subtiliter haud dense punctulatis ; elytris crebre punctulatis, nigro-fuscis, limbo externo, margine basali, macula utrinque prope basin, fascia trans- versa Vix pone medium ad suturam angustim interrupta, et macula utrinque ante apicem, flavis vel fulvis; corpore subtus (lateribus pospectoris exceptis) femoribusque flavis, tibiis tarsisque infuscatis. Mas. Articulis antennarum 80, 40 et 5o leviter crassatis, tibiis intermediis leviter curvatis vix ante apicem subtus angulato-dila- tato; articulo primo tarsi antici dilatato et subelongato. Long. 6—8 mm. Hab. Para (or Belem). In structural characters this species comes nearest to D. spectabilis, Baly, but is easily to be distinguished from that species by the colour and marking of the elytra. The marking of the elytra is apt to vary, without, how- ever, in any case resembling that of spectabilis. In one variety the elytra are yellowish, with the suture, the extreme apex, and a submarginal vitta, dilated on the inner side at its posterior extremity, dark brown. The colour of the head is also variable; in some specimens the front is black, and the upper side, except around the eyes, testaceous. 78. Diabrotica spectabilis, Baly, sp. n. Ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, flavo-fulva, nitida, pectore capiteque nigris, antennis basi fulvis, articulis octavo et nono totis 444 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the decimoque basi albidis; tibiis tarsisque nigro-piceis; thorace quam longo fere duplo latiori, convexo, levi; elytris rude pune- tatis, subnitidis, nigris, utrisque maculis duabus infra basin trans- versim positis, una ante apicem, lineaque transversa prope medium, utrinque abbreviata albidis. Mas. Antennarum articulis tertio ad quintum elongatis, inter se equalibus, leviter incrassatis; tibiis intermediis curvatis, apice incrassatis, obtusis. — Long. 8} mm. Hab. Upper Amazons, Nauta (Bates). Head not longer than broad, triangular, black, the cheeks and mouth flavous; clypeus with a strongly elevated longitudinal ridge ; antenne in the g (the only sex known to me) slightly exceeding the body in length; the second joint short, subovate, the three following ones equal, slightly thickened, cylindrical, each more than twice as long as the second, the sixth to the eleventh shorter and more slender, equal to each other in length; the basal joint piceous, the seventh, eight, and basal portion of the ninth yel- lowish white, the rest black. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long at the base ; sides nearly parallel and faintly sinuate from the base to the middle, thence very slightly and obliquely converging towards the apex, the anterior angles slightly produced, obtuse, the hinder ones acute; upper surface transversely convex, very slightly flattened on the hinder portion of the middle, minutely but not closely punctured; sides rather abruptly deflexed. Elytra oblong, slightly dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded at the apex; above convex, rather coarsely punctured, the interspaces sub- rugulose. Separated from D. 10-quttata by the more slender antennz, and by the apices of the intermediate pair of tibie being obtuse, not acuminate. I only know two specimens, both males, from the Upper Amazons. [Baly. ] 79. Diabrotica conformis, sp. Nn. Capite supra nigro, subtus testaceo; antennis fuscis, articulis 60 ad Sum albescentibus; prothorace transverso, sat dense sub- tiliterque punctulato, testaceo; elytris crebre punctulatis, sub- nitidis, nigris, utrisque margine basali et maculis tribus (una ante medium, una vix pone medium, tertia prope apicem) flayo-albe- scentibus; corpore subtus (post-pectore excepto) fulvo; tibiis tarsisque et apicibus femorum quatuor posteriorum, infuscatis. Long. 6—7 mm. South American species of Diabrotica. 445 Mas. Antennis articulis 30—5um leviter incrassatis; tibiis intermediis tertia parte apicali leviter sed manifeste dilatata. Hab. Amazons, Santarem; Cayenne, and Colombia, Cauca. This species is somewhat variable. In the single specimen from Cayenne the spots of the elytra are larger, and the punctuation of the thorax somewhat stronger than in typical examples. In the two speci- mens from Colombia, each elytron has, instead of a spot, a narrow transverse band near the middle. This variety has a close resemblance to D. spectabilis, Baly. The male of the present species has the first joint of the anterior tarsi slightly elongated, but scarcely dilated, and has rather more than the distal third of the inter- mediate tibie thickened. By these characters it may be easily distinguished from the same sex of D. specta- bilis. 80. Diabrotica delecta, Gahan, n.n. Diabrotica leucospila, Baly MS., nec Baly, Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 258. Anguste ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, flava, nitida; tibiis anticis dorso, posticis quatuor totis, tarsis, pectore, scutello, capiteque nigris, aut nigro-piceis, facie inferiori antennarumque articulis sexto ad nonum albidis; thorace quam longo plus dimidio latiori, transversim convexo, levi; elytris distincte sed tenuiter punctatis, utrisque limbo externo ad apicem abbreviata, maculis duabus sub- rotundatis, una infra basin, una ante apicem fasciaque pone medium utrinque abbreviata, albidis. Mas. Antennarum articulis tertio ad quintum elongatis, paullo incrassatis; femoribus intermediis subtus obsolete tuberculatis; tibiis ejusdem paris pone medium incrassatis. Long. 7 mm. Hab. Amazons, Nauta (Bates). Head slightly longer than broad, subcuneiform; clypeus with a broad longitudinal ridge, the lower half of which is triangularly dilated ; the lower face white, the labrum and jaws pale piceous; antenne in the ¢ slightly exceeding the body in length, the second joint nearly twice as long as broad, obovate, the third, fourth, and fifth each more than twice the length of the second, slightly thickened, cylindrical; the sixth to the eleventh shorter and more slender than the preceding ones, nearly equal, the sixth to the ninth yellowish white. Thorax more than one-half broader than 446 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the long; sides very slightly converging from the base to the middle, thence more strongly converging and sinuate towards the apex, the anterior and posterior angles produced, the former thickened, obtuse, the latter subacute; upper surface transversely convex, obsoletely excavated on the hinder disk, impressed subremotely with large shallow punctures. Elytra oblong, slightly dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded at the apices, convex, distinctly punctured, the interstices smooth. [Baly.] 81. Diabrotica nigrovittulata, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 242. Hab. Colombia, Venezuela. Mr. Baly described this species from a single male specimen from Colombia, but he has omitted some im- portant characters of this sex, viz.: Antenne with the third, fourth, and fifth joints somewhat thickened, the fifth joint nearly twice as long as the sixth. Inter- mediate femora with a small tubercle on the under side just below the middle; intermediate tibize somewhat dilated from the middle up to the apex, with the ventral side somewhat angulate at the point where the dilatation begins. The bands on the elytra in this species are subject to variation. Ina specimen from Venezuela the posterior median vitta is wanting, and the two external vittxe of each elytron are united to form one long submarginal black band. A second specimen from Colombia differs from the type in having the three anterior bands united behind, while a broad transverse fascia joins the anterior ends of the three posterior vitte. 82. Diabrotica paraensis, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 452. Mr. Baly has not mentioned the following characters of the male :—Antenne with the third, fourth, and fifth joints somewhat thickened. Intermediate femora each with a small tubercle on the under side at about the beginning of the distal third. Intermediate tibie angu- late on the under side above the middle, and from thence dilated as far as the apex. South American species of Diabrotica. 447 83. Diabrotica zelota, Gahan. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1891. p. 373. Capite nigro; antennis fuscis, articulo primo pallide brunneo, articulis 80 ad 10um fulvis; prothorace transverso, testaceo, nitido; scutello nigro; elytris dense punctulatis, flavis, sutura antice, vitta utrinque submarginali et macula parva utrinque pone medium, nigris ; corpore subtus (post-pectore excepto) flavescente ; pedibus totis fulvis. Mas. Articulis antennarum 80 ad 5um incrassatis; femoribus intermediis subtus infra medium unituberculatis; tibiis inter- mediis subtus supra medium angulatis, deinde ad apicem dilatatis. Long. 6—7 mm. Hab. Brazil; Rio Janeiro (J. Gray), Bahia. Head black; front with a rather sharp median carina extending from the raised clypeal margin to between the insertion of the antenne. Antenne blackish brown, with the first joint hight brown, or in some cases yellowish, with joints 8—10 fulvous. Prothorax transverse, testaceous, nitid. Elytra closely punctulate, yellowish, with the suture for a short distance behind the scutellum, a submarginal vitta on each side from the shoulder extending to about the beginning of the apical fifth, and a spot on each just inside and anterior to the posterior extremity of the vitta, black. Body underneath yellowish, hind breast black. Legs fulvous. Mate. Antenne with joints 3rd to 5th somewhat thickened. Femora of middle legs with a small tubercle on the ventral side a little below the middle of its length ; tibiz of the same dilated for nearly their distal two-thirds. Var. A. In specimens from Bahia, which do not seem to differ in any other particular from typical examples from Rio Janeiro, the sixth to eighth joints of the antenne, instead of the eighth to tenth, are pale fulvous. Var. B. Elytra with an elongate-triangular spot on each shoulder, a common elongate sutural spot behind the scutellum, and two spots on each posteriorly, black. Var. C. Differs from type in wanting the posterior spot on the disk of each elytron. This variety is represented in the B. M. collection by a single specimen from Santa Cruz, Brazil. 84. Diabrotica dulcis, Gahan, n.n. Diabrotica amena, Baly MS., nec Dalm., nee Baly, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 45. Anguste ovata, postice paullo ampliata, convexa, fulva, nitida, tibiis, tarsis, pectore capiteque nigris; antennis piceo-nigris, basi 448 ; Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the fulvo-piceis, articulis octavo nonoque albidis; thorace quam longo latiori, disco suleco arcuato, et ante sulcum fovea magna male definita impresso; elvtris rude punctatis, viridi-metallicis, limbo externo, apice dilatato, fascia prope medium, lineaque suturali pone medium flavis, Long. 6 mm. Hab. Cayenne. Head not broader than long, triangular ; clypeus with a strongly raised longitudinal ridge, excavated on the sides, impunctate, the lateral angles piceous; antenne slender, filiform, longer than the body, the second joint short, subovate, the third nearly twice its length, the fourth distinctly longer than the third; the four lower joints obscure piceo-fulvous, the eighth and ninth white. Thorax about one-fourth broader than long ; sides rather broadly margined, sinuate and slightly diverging from the base to beyond the middle, thence slightly converging towards the apex, the anterior angles subacute, hinder ones acute; upper surface convex, flattened on the hinder disk, the latter with a broad, shallow, and ill-defined curved depression, immediately in front of which, on the anterior disk, is a shallow excavation; surface remotely punctured. Elytra oblong-ovate, dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded at the apices, convex, longitudinally depressed along the suture, coarsely punc- tured, very sparingly clothed with suberect hairs. [Baly.| 85. Diabrotica spectanda, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soce., xix., p. 241. Hab. Colombia. 86. Diabrotica fasciatipennis, sp. 0. Oblongo-ovata, postice paullo ampliata; capite nigro; antennis nigris articulis ultimis quatuor flavis; prothorace transverso, testaceo-flavo, nitido, disco leviter bifoveolato; elytris dense punc- tulatis, pallide flavis, basi late et fascia transversa pone medium nigris, corpore subtus, prothorace excepto, tibiis tarsisque et apici- bus femorum nigris. Long. 7} mm. Var. Femoribus totis nigris. Hab. Venezuela (Dyson), (type); Colombia, Cauca (var.). Head black, the front with a median carina passing from the clypeal margin to between the insertion of the antenne. Antenne black, with the last four joints, the tip of the eleventh excepted, yellowish; with the third joint at least twice as long as the second, South American species of Diabrotica. 449 with these two together slightly longer than the fourth. Prothorax transverse, nitid, testaceous yellow ; the sides slightly and gradually diverging for about two-thirds of the way from the base, thence converging to the apex; the disk with two shallow foveolate de- pressions. Elytra thickly and finely punctured, with the punctures thicker and somewhat stronger towards the middle; pale yellow, with the basal fourth (somewhat broader along the suture) and a transverse band behind the middle, black. The under side of the body, the prothorax excepted, the tibiew, and tarsi, black. Femora yellow, with the tips of the posterior and the upper side of the apical half of the four anterior femora black. In the specimen from Colombia the legs, excepting the anterior cox, are entirely black. 87. Diabrotica insignita, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soe., xix., p. 256. Hab, Colombia. 88. Diabrotica Borrei, Baly. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv., p. 253. Anguste oblongo-ovata, postice paullo ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida, femoribus antennis apice thoraceque flavis, hoc quam longo fere duplo latiori, levi, dorso bifoveolato ; elytris subcrebre punc- tatis, limbo externo, apice dilatato, fascia lata prope medium suturaque postice flavis. Long. 6—6} mm. Hab. Brazil, Tejuca, Petropolis (Gray). Head wedge-shaped, slightly longer than broad; clypeus clothed with adpressed sinuous hairs, transverse, its upper surface with a broad longitudinal ridge; antenne filiform, nearly equal to the body in length, the second joint short, oblong, the third nearly twice its length, the fourth about one-third longer than the third; the four upper joints, the extreme apex of the eleventh, yellowish white. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides straight and nearly parallel from the base to beyond the middle, thence obliquely converging towards the apex, the hinder angle slightly produced, acute; upper surface shining, nearly impunctate, middle disk with two large, shallow, ill-defined fovee. LElytra broadly oblong, scarcely dilated posteriorly, obtusely rounded at the apex ; convex, distinctly punctured. [Baly.] D. cruciata, Baly (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv., p. 258) is merely a variety of this species. 450 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the 89. Diabrotica perspicua, Baly. P25 9.51989, a5 94. Oblongo-ovata, postice paullo ampliata, convexa, flavo-fulva, nitida, antennis nigris, basi piceis, articulis apicalibus tribus, ‘ultimi apice excepto, fulvis; thorace transverso, disco late trans- versim impresso, sulco utrinque dilatato et magis fortiter impresso ; elytris crebre punctatis, nigris, limbo externo fasciaque prope medium flavo-fulvis. Var. A. Elytrorum fascia centrali ad suturam abbreviata. Long. 53 mm. Hab. Amazons, Kea (Bates). Antenne slender, filiform, rather longer than the body, the second joint short, cylindrical, the third nearly twice its length, the fourth slightly longer than the third; the four lower joints piceous or piceo-fulvous, the three upper ones, the apex of the eleventh excepted, fulvous, the rest black. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides nearly straight end parallel from the base to the middle, thence rounded and converging towards the apex ; disk impressed with a broad transverse sulcation, which is dilated on either side into a large shallow fovea. Elytra broadly oblong, slightly dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded at the apex, convex, transversely depressed below the basilar space, closely and finely but distinctly punctured, outer disk below the humeral callus longitudinally grooved. [Baly.] 90. Diabrotica aleyone, Baly. P.Z.8., 1889, p. 94. Late ovata, modice convexa, fulva, nitida, pedibus (femoribus apice exceptis) antennisque piceo-nigris, his extrorsum piceis ; thorace transverso, minute subremote punctato, disco bifoveolato; elytris tenuiter sed distincte punctatis, nigris, limbo externo fascia- que prope medium fulvis. Var. A. Elytrorum fascia discoidali obsoleta. Long. 6 mm. Hab. Amazons (Bates). Head triangular; clypeus broader than long, slightly swollen on the disk; antennz slender, filiform, the second joint short, oblong, the third nearly twice its length, the fourth rather longer than the third; the four or five lower joints nigro-piceous, the rest pale piceous. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides rather broadly margined, parallel and sinuate from the base to the middle, South American species of Diabrotica. 451 thence obliquely rounded and converging towards the apex, the anterior angles obtuse, the hinder ones acute; upper surface minutely and remotely punctured, disk impressed with two large shallow fover. Elytra broadly ovate, rather broadly margined, regularly rounded at the apex; upper surface moderately convex, slightly depressed below the humeral callus, the latter obsoletely thickened; surface distinctly but not very closely punctured. "Baly.] 91. Diabrotica diversa, Gahan, n.n. Diabrotica impressipennis, Baly MS.; nec Jac., Biol. C. A., Col., vi., p. 5380. Late ovata, modice conveva, fulvo-flava, nitida, antennis nigris, articulis apicalibus tribus, ultimo apice excepto, albidis, tibiis tarsisque piceo-tinctis; thorace transverso; utrinque vix pone medium obsolete foveolato; elytris tenuiter sed distincte punctatis, utrisque infra medium transversim impressis ; nigris, apice flavis. Long. 8 lin. Hab. Amazons (Bates), Ecuador (Buckley). Head triangular ; clypeus searcely broader than long, its surface transversely convex; antennz slender, filiform, the second joint short, cylindrical, the third nearly twice its length, the fourth rather longer than the third; the basal joint more or less piceous on its lower half, the three upper ones, the apex of the eleventh excepted, yellowish white. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long at the base; sides rather broadly margined, slightly converging and slightly sinuate from the base to the middle, thence more quickly converging towards the apex, the anterior angles slightly produced, subacute; disk transversely convex, very remotely punc- tured, hinder disk impressed on either side with a large, shallow, ill-defined fovea. Elytra broadly subquadrate-ovate, slightly dilated posteriorly, their apices obtusely rounded ; above moderately con- vex, transversely depressed below the basilar space, the latter slightly thickened; finely but not very closely punctured; on the outer disk of each elytron below the middle is a short, broad, but ill-defined transverse sulcation; running downwards from the humeral callus to this groove are two faintly raised longitudinal vitte. [Baly.] 92. Diabrotica simulans, Baly. P.Z.8., 1889, p. 93, nec Journ. Linn. Soc., xix. p. 222. Tate ovata, postice vix ampliata, modice convexa, dorso sub- depressa, nigra, nitida, thorace capiteque fulvis, antennis nigris TRANS. ENT. SOc. LOND. 1891.—paRT iu, (ocT.) 2H 452 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the extrorsum albidis; thorace transverso, sat profunde bifoveolato, foveis inter se connexis; elytris tenuiter subcrebe punctatis, infra basin non excavatis, limbo externo late fulvo. Long. 5} mm. Hab. Amazons, Ega (Bates). Antenne slender, filiform, the second joint short, obconic, the third nearly twice its length, the fourth rather longer than the third; the five lower joints black, the six upper ones white. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides sinuate and slightly diverging from the base to beyond the middle, thence rounded and con- verging towards the apex; upper surface obliquely defiexed on the sides, the latter rather broadly margined; disk with two large foveze, which are connected with each other by a shallow depression. Elytra broadly oblong-ovate, scarcely dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded at their apices, moderately convex, slightly flattened on the suture, not excavated below the basilar space, minutely punc- tured; the outer limb broadly fulvous. [Baly.| 93. Diabrotica albomarginata, Baly. P. Z.8., 1889, p. 92. Late oblongo-ovata, postice ampliata, modice convexa, dorso subdepressa, nigra, nitida, antennarum articulis tertio ad nonum pallide flavo-fulvis (duo apicales fracti sunt); thorace fortiter arcuatim impresso, sulco utrinque magis excavato; elytris tenuiter punctatis, margine laterali late albido. Long. 53 mm. Hab. Ecuador (Buckley) ; a single specimen. Head not longer than broad, trigonate; clypeus convex, its upper two-thirds with a faint longitudinal ridge; antennz robust, filiform, pubescent, the second joint short, cylindrical, increasing in thickness towards the apex, the third nearly twice its length, the fourth nearly as long as the preceding two united; the two lower joints black, the third to the ninth pale flavo-fulvous (the two upper ones broken off). Thorax more than one-third broader than long; sides broadly margined, straight and parallel from the base to the middle, thence obliquely converging to the apex, the anterior angles obtuse, the hinder ones subacute; upper surface finely but not closely punctured; disk impressed with a large, shallow, ill-defined, curved sulcation, either end of which is more deeply foveolate. Elytra ovate, their lateral limb broadly dilated, their apices conjointly regularly rounded; moderately convex, slightly flattened along the suture, minutely and subremotely punctured. [Baly.| South American species of Diabrotica. 458 94. Diabrotica albocincta, Baly. P. Z. 8., 1889, p. 93. Anguste ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida, thorace lateribus lati, elytrorum limbo externo apice dilatato, fasciaque angusta vix pone medium, albidis ; thorace bifoveolato. Long. 54 mm. Hab. Peru. Antenne filiform, the second joint short, moniliform, the third more than twice as long, equal in length to the fourth; eight lower joints black (the rest in the only specimen before me are broken off). Thorax rather more than one-half broader than long; sides nearly straight and parallel from the base to beyond the middle, thence slightly narrowed obliquely to the apex; disk transversely convex, impressed on either side with a deep round fovea. Elytra oblong, dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded at the apex, convex, slightly flattened on the suture below the basilar space, finely punctured. [Baly.] 95. Diabrotica albopicta, Baly. IP y “As Seg ltsls)s (Oasis Aneguste ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, flavo-fulva, nitida ; tibiis, tarsis, pectore, scutello capiteque nigris; antennis basi piceo-fulvis, articulis penultimis duobus albidis; thorace quam longo plus dimidio latiori, disco leviter trifoveolato; elytris sub- rugulosis, rude punctatis; nigris, utrisque macula infra basin, altera ante apicem fasciaque prope medium, utrinque abbreviata, albidis. Long. 53 mm. Hab. Peru; asingle specimen. Head not longer than broad, triangular ; clypeus with a strongly raised longitudinal ridge, which extends as far as the anterior margin, the latter thickened, space on either side concave, closely covered with fine punctures; antenne filiform, the second joint short, oblong, the third and fourth equal in length, each twice as long as the second; the five lower joints piceo-fulvous, the ante- penultimate and penultimate white, the rest black. Thorax more than one-half broader than long; sides broadly margined, straight and parallel from the base to the middle, thence obliquely rounded and converging towards the apex; upper surface moderately con- vex, impressed with three shallow ill-defined fover, one small and oblong-ovate, placed a short distance in front of the basal, and two, 24H 2 454 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the one on either side the central disk, larger and subrotundate. Elytra ovate, dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded at the apex, convex, not excavated below the basilar space, coarsely and irre- gularly punctured, their interspaces irregularly rugulose ; surface on the sides and towards the apex sparingly clothed with fine sub- erect hairs, visible only under a lens. [Baly.| 96. Diabrotica zonula, Baly. Et Zin SS9 ap. 925 Sat late ovata, postice ampliata, modice convexa, nigra, nitida, antennis extrorsum albidis, thorace flavo-fulvo, obsolete bifoveo- lato; elytris distinct minus crebre punctatis, limbo externo, apice paullo ampliato, fasciaque prope medium flavo-fulvis. Long. 6} mm. Hab. Ecuador (Buckley). Head scarcely longer than broad, triangular; clypeus convex, the longitudinal ridge obsolete; antenne slender, filiform, the second joint short, oval, the third twice its length, the fourth slightly but distinctly longer than the third; the four upper joints yellowish white, the rest black. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long ; sides nearly parallel and slightly sinuate from the base to just beyond the middle, thence slightly converging obliquely towards the apex, anterior angles obtuse, the hinder ones slightly produced, subacute; disk transversely convex, the middle disk faintly impressed on either side with a large, very shallow, fovea, Elytra rather strongly dilated posteriorly, moderately convex. faintly excavated on the suture, rather strongly but not closely punctured. [Baly.] 97. Diabrotica unifasciata, Baly. PiZ8..1889, pao Late ovata, postice ampliata, modice convexa, dorso sub- deplanata, nigra, nitida, thorace obsolete bifoveolato, albido ; ely- tris tenuiter remote punctatis, limbo externo apice distincte ampliato, fasciaque prope medium albidis. Long. 63 mm. Hab. Peru, Chanchamayo. Head not longer than broad, triangular; clypeus slightly exca- vated on either side, its medial with an elevated ridge; antennie filiform, the second joint short, ovate, the third twice the length of the second, the third and fourth nearly equal. Thorax twice as broad as long; sides rather broadly margined, straight and parallel South American species of Diabrotica. 455 from the base to just beyond the middle, thence very slightly con- verging towards the apex; disk transversely convex, slightly flat- tened on the middle, impressed on either side with a large, very shallow, ill-defined fovea, the anterior and hinder angles slightly produced, the former obtuse, the latter subacute. Hlytra dilated posteriorly, broadly rounded at the apices, rather broadly mar- gined, moderately convex, flattened along the suture, transversely excavated below the basilar space, very finely and distantly punc- tured. [Baly.] 98. Diabrotica discrepans, Baly. P.Z.8., 1889, p. 94. Oblongo-ovata, postice paullo ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida, thorace capiteque sordide rufis, pedibus antennisque flavis, his apice piceis; thorace quam longo plus dimidio latiori, minute sed distincte punctato, disco suleo semilunato, medio ramulo fere ad basin emittente, impresso; elytris subcrebre punctatis, limbo externo ante medium limbo apicali, fasciaque prope medium flavis, Fam. Clypeo quam longo latiori, medio sat fortiter elevato- vittato. Long. 2% lin. Hab. Ecuador (Buckley). Clypeus broader than long in the ? (the only sex known to me), divided in the medial line; which extends downwards nearly to the apical margin; antenne filiform, the second joint short, oblong, the third nearly twice its length, the fourth slightly longer; flavous, the apical joint stained with piceous. Thorax more than one-half broader than long; sides rather broadly margined, nearly straight - and parallel from the base to just beyond the middle, thence con- verging towards the apex; upper surface finely punctured, disk impressed with a curved broad but ill-defined sulcation, its con- cavity looking forwards; from its middle a short longitudinal space runs backwards nearly to the basal margin. Elytra sub- quadrate-ovate, dilated posteriorly, convex, rather closely punc- tured; the anterior half of the outer limb, the apical margin, and a transverse band across the middle, pale flavous. [Baly.| 99. Diabrotica mimula, Harold. Coleopt., Hefte xiil., p. 92. Hab. Colombia. 456 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the 100. Diabrotica beata, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 244. Hab. Colombia. 101. Diabrotica subsimilis, Baly, sp. n. Ovata, postice amphata, sat valde convexa, nigra, nitida, capite thoraceque rufis, antennis pedibusque flavis; thorace tenuiter punctato, utrinque foveolato, foveis inter se convexis; elytris postice ampliatis apice obtuse truncatis; convexis, postice sub- ventricosis, subfortiter punctatis, obsolete elevato-vittatis; fascia mediali ad marginem abbreviata apiceque flavis. Fam. Clypeo convexo, basi obsolete costato. [Mas. Facie profunde transversim excavata. | Long. 6—7 mm. Hab. Colombia, Cauca. Head distinctly longer than broad, subtrigonate; clypeus in the ? convex, its extreme base indistinctly elevate-vittate; antennz slender, filiform, four-fifths the length of the body, the second joint filiform, slightly thickened towards its apex, nearly equal in length to the third, the fourth nearly as long as the preceding two united. Thorax nearly one-half broader than long at the base; sides sinuate behind the middle, rounded and converging towards the apex anteriorly, the hinder angles rather strongly produced, subacute; above convex, distinctly but rather distantly punctured, disk impressed on either side with a deep fovea, the fover con- nected by a transverse sulcation. Elytra broadly ovate, strongly dilated posteriorly, the apices conjointly obtusely rounded; above convex, more strongly so below the middle, transversely impressed at the suture below the basilar space, rather strongly but not very closely punctured; disk of each elytron with several ill-defined longitudinal ridges, the spaces between which are obsoletely sulcate. Although this species differs in the relative length of the second and third joints of the antenne, it agrees so closely in general form, coloration, and other characters, with the insects of the present section, that I have placed it amongst them. [Baly.] 102. Diabrotica bella, Baly. L.c., p. 247. Hab. Colombia, Magdalena River. South American species of Diabrotica. 457 103. Diabrotica excelsa, Baly. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv., p. 254. Ovata, postice ampliata, sat valde convexa, nigra, nitida, capite thoraceque rufo-fulvis aut fulvo-piceis; pedibus antennisque flavis, his apice tarsisque piceis; thorace levi sat profunde bifoveo- lato; elytris distincte punctatis, obsolete elevato-vittatis; fascia mediali ad marginem abbreviata apiceque flavis. Mas. Facie inferiori profunde excavata, antennis simplicibus. Fam. Clypeo convexo, basi obsolete costato. Long. 93 mm. Hab. Colombia, Cauca (Stuudinger). Head longer than broad, somewhat wedge-shaped; clypeus in the g entirely covered with a deep, smooth, concave excavation ; the same segment in the 2 convex, its extreme base with an in- distinct longitudinal ridge; antennz simple in both sexes, four- fifths the length of the body, filiform, the second joint short, the third and fourth equal in length, each more than twice as long as the second, the fourth cylindrical, not curved, the three or four outer joints more or less stained with piceous; apices of the joimts black. Thorax about one-third broader than long; sides rounded, sinuate behind the middle, converging anteriorly towards the apex, the hinder angles produced, subacute; above convex, smooth, impunctate; disk impressed on either side with a deep fovea. Elytra broadly ovate, strongly dilated towards the apex, their apices conjointly obtusely rounded; above convex, subventricose behind the middle, transversely depressed below the basilar space, rather strongly but not very closely punctured, the puncturing at the base subseriate ; on the disk of each elytron are several obso- letely raised longitudinal lines. The above insect, of which I only know a single male and female, may be known from its congeners by its larger size, and more strongly punctured elytra. From D. subsimilis, with which species it agrees in the punctua- tion of its elytra, it differs in the relative length of the third and fourth joints of the antenne. | Baly.] 104. Diabrotica Gestrot, Baly. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv., p. 253. Ovata, postice ampliata, valde convexa, nigra, nitida; thorace capiteque rufo-fulvis, pedibus antennisque flavis, thorace minute 458 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the punctato, utrinque foveolato; elytris late oblongo-ovatis, postice ampliatis, apice subtruncatis, sat valde convexus, tenuiter sed dis- tincte subcrebre punctatis, fascia communi prope medium, ad marginem abbreviata, margineque apicali flavis. Mas. Facie inferiori profunde excavato, concavo, antennis simplicibus. Fam. Clypeo convexo, punctis majoribus nonnullis impressis, basi longitudinaliter carinato. Long. 5;—7 mm. Hab. Eastern Peru, Ecuador. Antenne slender and filiform in both sexes, the second joint short, oblong, the third twice its length, rather longerin the g, the third and fourth joints nearly equal; flavous, the four upper joints slightly stained with piceous. Thorax about one-fourth broader than long at the base; sides slightly converging and slightly sinuate from the base to the middle, thence more quickly con- verging towards the apex; upper surface moderately convex, minutely but not closely punctured, the punctures only visible under a lens; disk impressed on either side with a deep fovea. Elytra broadly oblong, dilated posteriorly, their apices very obtusely rounded, conjointly subtruncate ; above rather strongly convex, slightly depressed on the suture below, the basilar space finely but distinctly punctured. [Baly.| 105. Diabrotica Stevensi, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 248. Cerotoma Deyroler, Baly, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 477. Hab. Colombia, Magdalena River ; Venezuela, Bogota. 106. Diabrotica imitans, Jacoby. PAAR Se LS iO psig Le Hab. Venezuela. 107. Diabrotica Jekelii, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 246. Hab. Colombia. South American species of Diabrotica. 459 108. Diabrotica fenestrata, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., 1886, p. 250. Hab. Venezuela, Merida. 109. Diabrotica caviceps, Baly. Hunt. Mo. Mag., xxv., p. 258. Oblonga-ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida, pedibus capiteque flavis, antennis extrorsum piceo-tinctis; thorace rufo- testaceo, minute subremote punctato, utrinque foveolato ; scutello piceo aut piceo-nigro ; elytris convexis, distincte suberebre punc- tatis, basi, limbo externo apice paullo dilatato, fasciaque communi prope medium flavis. Mas. Clypeo profunde excavato, convexo ; antennis simplicibus, filiformibus. Fam. Clypeo convexo, basi longitudinaliter elevato-vittato, punctis majoribus sparse impresso. Var. A. Thorace scutelloque flavis, elytrorum plaga basali obsoleta. Var. B. Elytrorum fascia mediali ad marginem abbreviata. Long. 5—6 mm. Hab. Amazons, Para, Santarem (Bates). Lower face deeply excavated and concave in the 3, transversely convex in the 9, its upper portion with a slightly raised longi- tudinal ridge, the surface sparingly impressed with large punctures ; antenne filiform in both sexes, the second joint short, oblong-ovate, the third more than twice its length, the third and fourth equal, the latter very slightly curved in the J. ‘Thorax about one-fourth broader than long; sides nearly straight and parallel from the base to beyond the middle, thence obliquely converging towards the apex; above convex, very minutely punctured, disk impressed on either side with a subrotundate fovea. Elytra subquadrate-ovate, dilated posteriorly, their apices obtusely rounded ; above convex, distinctly but finely punctured. ([Baly.| 110. Diabrotica conchula, Erichs. Wiegm. Archiv., 1847, i., p. 168. Ovata, postice ampliata, sat valde convexa, flava, nitida, corpore subtus, pedibus exceptis, nigris, capite thoraceque plus minusve rufo-tinctis aut totis rufis, scutello piceo; thorace levi, bifoveolato; elytris tenuiter punctatis, utrisque fasciis duabus latis una infra basin altera pone medium nieris. 460 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the Mas. Facie inferiori profunde excavata, antennarum articulo quarto leviter curvato. Fam. Clypeo convexo, basi longitudinaliter costato; antennis filiformibus. Long. 6—7 mm. Hab. Peru, Chanchomayo; Bolivia, Amazons (Bates). Head rather longer than broad, subtrigonate; clypeus in the J entirely occupied by a large concave fovea, convex in the 9, its upper half with a distinct longitudinal ridge; antenne slender, filiform, the third and fourth joints equal, each twice the length of the second, the fourth in the ¢ slightly curved. Thorax nearly one-half broader than long; sides nearly straight and parallel behind the middle, thence rounded and converging towards the apex, the hinder angles acute; above convex, smooth, impunctate ; disk impressed on either side with an oblique fovea. Elytra broadly ovate, dilated posteriorly, their apices conjointly obtusely rounded ; upper surface strongly convex, faintly excavated trans- versely below the basilar space, finely punctured ; each elytron with two transverse bands abbreviated on the outer margin, less dis- tinctly so on the suture; the first extends from below the base nearly to the middle, the second from the middle nearly to the apex; the elytra may be described as black, with the base, more or less broadly, a narrow sutural line, the outer limb, and a medial fascia, flavous. {Baly.] 111. Diabrotica jucunda, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 247. Hab. Colombia. 112. Diabrotica leta, Fabr. Syst. Ent., i., p. 454; Baly, l.c., p. 258. 118. Diabrotica tarsata, Gahan, n. n. Diabrotica tarsalis, Baly, Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv., p. 254, nec Harold. Oblongo-ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, pallide flava, nitida ; pectore, abdomine, antennis apice scutelloque nigris, mandibulis apice, coxisque piceis; thorace minute punctato, dorso leviter bi- impresso; elytris distincte sat crebre punctatis; nigris, limbo externo, apice paullo dilatato, fasciaque communi prope medium pallide flavis. South American species of Diabrotica. 461 Mas. Tibiis anticis a basi ad apicem incrassatis, tarsorum anti- corum articulo basali ampliato, transverso-quadrato. Long. § mm. Hab. Bahia; a single specimen. Head longer than broad; clypeus in the § large, subquadraie, its disk smooth, concave; antenne slender, filiform, the second joint short, oblong, the third more than twice its length, nearly as long as the fourth, pale flavous, the five outer joints black, the two basal ones stained above with piceous. ‘Thorax broader than long; sides straight and nearly parallel from the base to beyond the middle, thence obliquely converging towards the apex; upper surface very finely punctured, the punctures only visible under a lens, middle disk with two obliquely placed oblong fovee. Elytra broadly oblong, dilated posteriorly, obtusely rounded at the apex ; above convex, slightly excavated on the suture below the basilar space, distinctly and rather closely punctured. |[Baly.] 114. Diabrotica quadriplagiata, Boh. Hugen. Res., p. 179. Oblongo-ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, flava, nitida, pectore scutello, antennisque extrorsum nigris, his basi apiceque piceis, abdomine piceo-tincto ; thorace quam longo latiori, minute punc- tato, utrinque foveolato ; elytris sat crebre punctatis, fulvis, utrisque plaga magna subquadrata a basi ad medium extensa, interdum disco fulvo-notata, alteraque pone medium, subrotundata, nigris. Var. A. -Elytrorum plaga antica nigra intus profunde emargi- nata. Long. 5—6 mm. Hab. Brazil, Rio Janeiro, Bahia. Head triangular; clypeus in the ? (the only sex known to me) not longer than broad, slightly convex, its basal portion with a slightly raised longitudinal ridge; antenne filiform, the second joint short, oblong, the third more than twice its length, as long as the fourth; the two lower joints piceous, the six upper ones, the basal half of the first of these excepted, black. Thorax nearly one- fourth broader than long ; sides nearly straight and parallel from the base to the middle, thence rounded and converging towards the apex; upper surface finely punctured, disk impressed with two oblong fovex, placed obliquely on either side. Elytra broadly oblong-ovate, dilated posteriorly, their apices obtusely rounded ; above convex, slightly depressed on the suture below the basilar space, rather strongly punctured. [Baly.| 462 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the 115. Diabrotica clypeata, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 249. Hab. Colombia. 116. Diabrotica deliciosa, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 251. Hab. Colombia; a single specimen. 117. Diabrotica xanthoptera, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., 1886, p. 250. Hab. Colombia, Magdalena River. 118. Diabrotica sordidipennis, Baly. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv., p. 2538. Anguste-ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida; capite thoraceque piceis; antennis basi, pedibus elytrisque sordide flavis ; thorace sat profunde bifoveolato; elytris sat fortiter subcrebre punciatis. Mas. Antennis filiformibus; clypeo profunde excavato. Long. 83 mm. Hab. Colembia, Cauca ; a single specimen. Head longer than broad, wedge-shaped, its surface in the $ (the only sex known to me) entirely occupied by a deep, concave, smooth excavation ; antenne nearly four-fifths the length of the body, filiform, the second joint short, obovate, the third more than twice its length, nearly equal to the fourth, the latter simple, not eurved. ‘Thorax about one-third broader than long; sides rounded, nearly straight and obliquely diverging from the base to the middle, the hinder angles produced, subacute; above convex, finely punc- tured, disk impressed on either side with a large deep fovea. Elytra ovate, dilated posteriorly, their apices conjointly obtusely rounded, strongly convex, rather coarsely punctured. Closely allied to D. xanthoptera; separated by its larger size, and by the more strongly punctured elytra. [Baly.] 119. Diabrotica reticulata, Baly. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv., p. 254. ‘‘ Late ovata, ventricosa, picea, femoribus fulvis ; thorace lateri- bus angulatis, disco lavi, profunde bifoveolato ; elytris basin trans- South American species of Diabrotica, 463 versim depressis, foveolato punctatis, interspatiis incrassatis, rete elevatum formantibus.”’ Long. 10 mm, Hab. Colombia, Cauca. This species may be easily recognised by the large foveolate punctures of the elytra, with the interspaces raised, and forming a coarse reticulated corrugation. 120. Diabrotica corrugata, Baly. Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv., p. 254. Ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, nitida, subtus nigra, pedibus flavis, tarsis duobus ultimis piceis; supra pallide fulvo-picea, antennis extrorsum labroque piceis, oculis scutelloque nigris; thorace fere impunctato, disco arcuatim sulcato, sulco trifoveolato; elytris infra basin transversim depressis, tenuiter punctatis, disco laxe et irre- eulariter elevato-corrugatis. Long. 9} mm. Hab. Colombia, Cauca; a single specimen. Head longer than broad, broadly wedge-shaped ; antenne fili- form, nearly as long as the body, the relative length of the joints as in D. tortwa, the four outer ones piceous. Thorax one-third broader than long; sides parallel, slightly produced and rounded before the middle, slightly sinuate posteriorly, the hinder angles acute, the anterior ones armed with an obtuse flattened tubercle ; upper surface convex, minutely punctured on the sides, medial disk nearly impunctate; hinder disk with a transverse curved suleation, the surface of which is distinctly trifoveolate. Elytra similar in form and sculpture to D. tortwa. This species is very closely allied to the following one, but may be separated by the different coloration of the upper surface of the body and antenne, and by the transversely sulcate thorax. [Baly.] 121. Diabrotica tortua, Baly. Diabrotica torta, Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv., p. 254. Ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida, femoribus flavis, antennis extrorsum, elytrisque apice sordide fulvis; thorace tri- foveolato, minute punctato; elytris infra basin transversim exca- vatis, sat crebre punctatis, disco irregulariter corrugatis, Long. 93 mm. Hab. Colombia, Cauca. 464 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the Head longer than broad, wedge-shaped; clypeus with a strongly raised longitudinal ridge, the surface on either side finely rugulose, rather shorter than the body, filiform, the second joint half the length of the basal one, the third twice as long as the second, the rest each nearly equal in length to the fourth, the four outer joints obscure fulvous, the apical darker than the three others. Thorax one-third broader than long ; sides parallel, very slightly produced before the middle, subsinuate behind the latter ; the hinder angles, the anterior ones with an obtuse tubercle; disk convex, finely but remotely punctured, impressed with three round fovee, placed one on either side, and the third, rather smaller, on the medial line near the base. Elytra oblong-ovate, dilated posteriorly, their apices conjointly regularly rounded; above convex, subventricose posteriorly, transversely excavated below the basilar space, dis- tinctly and somewhat closely punctured; disk below the base with a number of rather strongly raised irregular wrinkles, which dis- appear towards the apex of the elytron. [Baly.] 122. Diabrotica rugulosa, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 450. Hab. Eastern Keuador. 123. Diabrotica assimilis, Gahan, sp. n. Atro-cyanea, femoribus antennisque flavescentibus, his apice infuseatis ; prothoracis dorso bifoveolato, subsparsim minuteque punctato; elytris crebre fortiterque rugoso-punctatis, cyaneis (vel olivaceo-tinctis), epipleuris antice et macula marginali utrinque ante medium sordide flavis. Long. 7}—83 mm. Hab. Ecuador (Buckley). This species closely resembles D. rugulosa, Baly, but differs from it by the following characters :— Prothorax less strongly punctured, the fovex of its disk jomed by means of a feeble trans- verse depression. Elytra without raised longitudinal lines on the disk, with their epipleures rather broader and flatter, yellowish in their anterior two-thirds; with a yellowish spot just before the middle of the lateral margin of each elytron. Femora and antenne yellowish rather than greenish ; the third joint of the latter shorter than the fourth, and nearly twice as long as the second. Hind breast without a patch of golden pubescence on each side, South American species of Diabrotica. 465 124. Diabrotica marginicollis, Gahan, sp. n. Capite prothoracisque dorso (hoc margine laterali excepto) atro- cyaneis; prothorace dense distincteque punctato, utrinque leviter foveolato; scutello nigro; elytris fortiter rugoso-punctatis, pur- pureo-rufescentibus; corpore subtus (prothorace flavo excepto) tibiis tarsisque nigris ; femoribus antennisque flavescentibus. Long. 8 mm. Hab Colombia. Head blue-black ; front carinate along the middle, punctured at each side below the insertion of the antenne ; vertex with a median fovea between the eyes. Prothorax transverse; sides nearly parallel; disk thickly and distinctly punctured, with a fovea on each side, and a short feeble median longitudinal impression close to the base, its colour dark blue, with the narrow reflexed lateral borders yellowish, like the under side. Scutellum black, nitid, impunctate. Elytra closely, strongly, and somewhat rugosely punctured; dark red with a purplish tint. This species has at first sight a strong resemblance to D. chrysopleura, Harold (Sect. I.). The coloration of the elytra is almost exactly the same in both species. Harold has described this colour as obscure purple, but Baly (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 85) thought it better described as ‘‘rufous, more or less stained with piceous.” 125. Diabrotica hebe, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 848; Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 241. Hab. Colombia. 126. Diabrotica gibbosa, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 450. Hab. Ecuador. 127. Diabrotica opacipennis, Baly. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., ii., p. 182. Hab, Ecuador, 466 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the 128. Diabrotica erythroptera, Baly. BP. Zins ., 1889. ps 95: Ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida, elytris rubris; thorace arcuatim suleato, sulco trifoveolato; elytris crebre punc- tatis. Long. 7} mm. Hab. Peru, Chanchomayo (Thamm). Head triangular, slightly longer than broad; clypeus with a longitudinal ridge; antenne equal to the body in length, filiform, the second joint short, subovate, the third more than twice its length, slightly shorter than the fourth. Thorax rather more than cne-half broader than long; sides rather broadly margined, nearly straight and slightly diverging from the base to beyond the middle, thence rounded and converging towards the apex; upper surface shining, nearly impunctate, hinder disk with a deep curved sulca- tion, the surface of which is trifoveolate. Elytra broadly ovate, dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded conjointly at the apex; convex, faintly depressed below the basilar space, rather strongly punctured. [Baly.] 129. Diabrotica sanguineipennis, Baly, sp. n. Ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida, elytris rubris; thorace trifoveolato ; elytris subcrebre punctatis. Long. 73 mm. Hab. Peru, Chanchomayo (Thamm). Head triangular, distinctly longer than broad; clypeus with a longitudinal ridge; vertex with a very large deeply impressed fovea; antennze with the second joint short, obovate (the rest in the single specimen before me broken off). Thorax nearly twice as broad aslong across the middle; sides rather broadly margined, slightly rounded and diverging from the base to beyond the middle, thence rounded and converging towards the apex; apical angle produced, slightly thickened, subacute, the hinder ones acute ; above convex, subremotely punctured; disk just behind the middle impressed on either side with a large rounded fovea; between the two, just in front of the basal margin, is another, shallow and ill- defined. Hlytra oblong-ovate, dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded conjointly at the apex ; above convex, subventricose, not excavated below the basilar space, rather strongly punctured, the puncturing rather more crowded than in D. rubripennis, Erichs. [Baly.| South American species of Diabrotica. 467 130.. Diabrotica rubripennis, Erichs. Wiegm., Archiv., 1847, i., p. 168. Ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida, elytris rubris thorace bifoveolato; elytris subcrebre punctatis. Long. 53—63} mm. Hab. Peru, Chanchomayo (Thamm). Head triangular, scarcely longer than broad; clypeus with a strongly elevated ridge; antenne nearly equal to the body in length, filiform, the second joint short, oblong, the third twice its length, equal to the fourth. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides slightly rounded and diverging from the base to beyond the middle, thence rounded and converging towards the apex, the anterior angles slightly produced, subacute, the hinder angles acute; disk impressed on either side with two large deep fovex, separated from each other by a narrow space. Elytra gradually dilated posteriorly, rounded conjointly at their apices ; convex, not excavated below the basilar space, distinctly but not coarsely punctured. [Baly.] 131. Diabrotica butleri, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soe., xix., p. 251. Hab. Colombia. 182. Diabrotica dimidiatipennis, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 3rd ser., vol. il., p. 350. Hab. Peru. 133. Diabrotica intermedia, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soce., xix., p. 252. Hab. Colombia. 134. Diabrotica saunders, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 8rd ser., vol. 11., p. 350. Hab. Ecuador, Quito. 135. Diabrotica dimidiata, Baly. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd ser., iv., p. 270. Hab. Ecuador. TRANS, ENT. SOC. LOND, 1891.—ParT im, (ocT.) 21 468 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the 136. Diabrotica divisa, Baly. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., ii., p. 83 Hab. Keuador. 137. Diabrotica posticata, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p. 252. Hab. Colombia. 138. Diabrotica quadripunctata, Gahan, sp. n. Cerotoma quadripunctata, Buq. MS. Late ovata, flavescens ; elytris atro-cyaneis, tertia basali (punctis quatuor atro-cyaneis exceptis) marginibusque externis flavis; cor- pore subtus (abdomine nigro excepto), pedibus antennisque flave- scentibus ; prothoracis dorso bi-impresso, impunctato, nitido ; elytris subventricosis sat dense punctulatis. Long. 6 mm. Hab. Colombia. Testaceous yellow. Antenne with the third joint twice as long as the second, and equal in length to the fourth. Prothorax with its sides almost parallel, its disk impunctate, nitid, with two trans- verse impressions. Elytra bluish black, with the basal third (four blue-black points, of which one is over each shoulder, and one on the disk of each elytron a little behind the base, excepted), and the entire outer margin yellowish. Abdomen black. 139. Diabrotica lugubris, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soce., xix., p. 253. Hab. Colombia. 140. Diabrotica dimidiaticornis, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 451. Hab. Ecuador. 141. Diabrotica leucospila, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soe., xix., p. 253. Hab. Colombia. 142. Diabrotica socia, Gahan, n. n. Diabrotica tetraspilota, Baly, Journ. Linn. Soe., xix., p. 254, nec Baly, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1865, p. 351. Fab. Colombia. South American species of Diabrotica. 469 143. Diabrotica tuberculata, Baly. IPs Bo Soy USES), (Oo Wile Sat late ovata, postice paullo ampliata, convexa, subtus scutello capiteque nigris, antennarum articulis ultimis quatuor sordide fulvis; thorace elytrisque flavis illo arcuatim excavato, utrinque puncto nigro parvo notato, his tenuiter punctatis, utrisque plagis magnis duabus, uno baseos, altera pone medium nigris. Mas. Elytris utrisque prope suturam ante apicem tuberculo valido conico arcuatis. Long. 6$ mm. Hab. THastern Ecuador (Buckley). Head very slightly longer than broad, triangular ; clypeus with a strongly raised longitudinal ridge; antenne slightly equal to the body in length, filiform, very slightly attenuated towards the apex; the second joint short, obovate, the third twice its length, slightly longer than the fourth ; black, the upper four joints piceo-fulvous. Thorax about one-third broader than long; sides rather broadly margined, straight and very slightly diverging from the base to beyond the middle, thence obliquely rounded and converging towards the apex: above convex, obliquely deflexed on the sides, hinder disk with a broad curved excavation, which is more deeply impressed on either side; just before the middle are two small round black spots. Elytra oblong-ovate, slightly dilated posteriorly, their apices rounded, conjointly sinuate at the sutural angle, con- vex, slightly excavated on the suture, below the basilar space finely but distinctly punctured; each elytron in the § (the only sex known to me) with a large conical obtuse tubercle, placed close to the suture just before the apex. [Baly.| 144. Diabrotica propinqua, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soe., xix., p. 255. Hab. Colombia. 145. Diabrotica robusta, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soce., xix., p. 255. Hab. Colombia. 146. Diabrotica imbuta, Erichs. Wieg. Archiv., 1847, 1., p. 168. Hab. Peru. 470 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the 147. Diabrotica hemixantha, Baly. P. Z.9., 1889, p. 91. Ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida, femoribus basi et subtus, thorace elytrorumque dimidio antico flavis; thorace leviter transversim sulcato; elytris distincte punctatis; punctis apicem versus fere deletis. Var. A. Pedibus totis nigris. Long. 63 mm. Hab. Upper Amazons (Staudinger). Head slightly longer than broad; clypeus convex, the longi- tudinal ridge obsolete; antenne filiform, rather more than three- fourths the length of the body, the second joint short, the third twice its length, equally as long as the fourth. Thorax rather more than one-half broader than iong; sides straight and parallel from the base to just beyond the middle, thence rounded and con- verging towards the apex; upper surface smooth, middle disk impressed with a broad transverse sulcation. LElytra broadly ovate, dilated posteriorly, their apices conjointly regularly rounded; above convex, distinctly punctured, the punctures below the middle nearly obsolete. [Baly.] 148. Diabrotica spilothorax, Harold. Col., Hefte xiii., p. 185. Diabrotica quadrwittata, Baly, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 3rd ser., il., p. 349. 149. Diabrotica lata, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 451. Hab. Peru. 150. Diabrotica setifera, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 257. Hab. Peru. 151. Diabrotica serraticornis, Baly. Journ. Linn. Soce., xix., p. 255. Hab. Colombia. 152. Diabrotica dilaticornis, Baly. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., ui., p. 81. Hab. Amazous. South American species of Diabrotica. 471. 158. Diabrotica amplicornis, Baly. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 446. Hab. Brazil, Parana. 154. Diabrotica melancholica, Baly. P. Z.8., 1889, p. 92. Anguste ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, nigra, nitida, femori- bus basi antennarumque articulo apicali flavo-albidis; thorace transverso, pone medium bifoveolato, nigro-piceo; elytris sat crebre punctatis, subrugulosis, punctis apicem versus fere obsoletis, interstitiis levibus ; utrisque limbo externo angusto, apice paullo ampliato, punctoque prope medium juxta suturam albidis. Mas. Antennarum articulis apicalibus duobus dilatatis com- pressis. Long. 43 mm. Hab. Ecuador (Buckley). Clypeus concave and closely punctured on either side, medial line with a strongly elevated longitudinal ridge ; antenne in the g (the only sex known to me) with the second joint short, obconic, the third nearly twice its length, the fourth slightly shorter than the third, the tenth and eleventh strongly thickened and dilated, compressed, the former obcuneiform, the latter subhastate, very acute; these two joints conjointly exceed one-third the length of the whole antenne ; the two lower joints nigro-piceous, the apical one yellowish white. Thorax one-half broader than long; sides straight and.parallel from the base to beyond the middle, thence very slightly obliquely converging towards the apex, the anterior and posterior angles acute; above convex, sparingly punctured on the sides, hinder disk impressed on either side with a large round fovea ; nigro-piceous, the basal and lateral margins pale piceous. Elytra oblong-oval, slightly dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded at the apex, convex, slightly flattened along the suture, more depressed below the basilar space, rather closely punctured and finely and irregularly wrinkled on the anterior two-thirds of the disk, the posterior third smooth and nearly impunctate. [Baly.| 155. Diabrotica notaticollis, Baly. IP, Ba tshy dusts), 305 Gals Anguste ovata, postice ampliata, convexa, flava, nitida, pectore femoribus dorso, tibiis posticis, tarsis, antennis, basi exceptis, yerticis macula, thoracis maculis quatuor arcuatim dispositis, 472 South American species of Diabrotica. scutelloque nigris; thorace trifoveolato; elytris sat crebre punc- tatis, utrisque macula parva oblonga, infra basin prope suturam posita, fusca, plagisque tribus, prima subrotundata callum humera- lum amplectente, duabusque transversis, anguste quadrato- oblongis, una prope medium, altera inter medium et apicem positis, nigris. Long. 43 mm. Hab. Brazil. Head not longer than broad, triangular; clypeus transverse, excavated on either side, medial line elevated longitudinally into a broad but ill-defined ridge; antenne rather more than half the length of the body, slightly thickened towards the apex ; the second joint short, subovate, the third nearly twice its length, the fourth scarcely longer than the third; the four lower joints piceo-fulvous, the rest black. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long; sides rounded, converging towards the base and apex, sinuate in front of the basal angle; above convex, minutely punctured; disk on either side impressed with a large round fovea; on the hinder disk, just in front of the basal margin, is a third impression, smaller and oblong; arranged in a curve on the anterior disk are four small oblong black spots; the middle fovea (in the only specimen before me) is stained with fuscous ; it is probable that in some cases it is covered with a similarly coloured spot to those on the anterior disk. Elytra ovate, dilated posteriorly, regularly rounded at the apices ; above convex, faintly depressed along the suture below the basilar space, distinctly punctured. [Baly.] XIX. New species of Heterocera from the Khasia Hills. Part I. By Colonel Cuartes Swinuoz, F.L.S., IB ctsS)on &e. [Read July 1st, 1891.] PuaTE XIX. BOMBYCES. SYNTOMID. Hyprusa, Walker, 11., p. 255 (1854). 1. Hydrusa era, n.sp. (Pl. XIX., fig. 15). 3. Palpi and antennez black, tips of antenne white above; frons, head, and body bright ochreous; space between the antennae, a thin line behind, three longitudinal stripes on thorax, segmental bands on abdomen, and tips of abdomen, deep black. Wings hyaline, veins broadly ochreous, a blackish lunular mark in the ochreous band on disco-cellular vein of fore wings, and some black atoms on the outer ochreous veinlets of both wings; the whole space below submedian vein on fore wings and above subcostal vein on hind wings ochreous; costal and inner margins, and mar- ginal band on both wings deep black, the inner border of the latter irregular and deepest at the apices. Under side: wings and body coloured and banded as above, slighly paler, and bands thinner on abdomen; legs black, striped with ochreous grey. Expanse of wings 1 in. One specimen. Somewhat resembles Syntomis grotei, Moore, in colora- tion and markings, and has the same peculiar ochreous tinge and black anal tip. 2. Hydrusa baiea, n.sp. (Pl. XIX., fig. 10). 3 2. Palpi and antenne black, antenne white above towards the tips; frons, head, and body bright ochreous; space between the antennz, a thin band behind, three longitudinal stripes on thorax, which meet in a band before and behind, segmental bands on abdomen, and extreme tip, deep black. Wings mostly hyaline, with black veins and borders. Fore wings with the costal line TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—PaRT IV. (DEC.) 2K 474 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new species of black, the band on disco-cellular broadly black, the black colour on the lower discoidal veinlet and on the first and second median veinlets thickening towards the irregular marginal band, some ochreous colour on the veins towards the base and on the space below the submedian vein. Hind wings with the costa broadly black, and with a marginal band somewhat as on fore wings. Under side as above; legs black, streaked with ochreous grey; tarsi for the greater part whitish. Expanse of wings, 1}, in. Two specimens. Allied to H. diaphana, Kollar; is smaller, bands on wings narrower, the black space in the first median interspace is absent, and the body is brighter coloured, with ochreous thorax instead of a black one. I found this insect also in coll. Moore without name. 3. Hydrusa actea, n. sp. (Pl. XIX., fig. 7). 32. Palpi and antenne black; antenne in the male with short regular pectinations, serrated in the female, with white tips above in both sexes; frons, head, and body bright ochreous; space between the antenne, a band on each side of the thorax, which meets in front, segmental bands on abdomen, and anal end, deep black ; in the male the latter is broadly black, in the female only at the extreme tip. Wings mostly hyaline, veins and borders black. Fore wings with a broad band on disco-cellular, the black colour nearly filling the interspace in connection with the outer marginal black band, leaving only a small hyaline spot in the inter- space just outside the disco-cellular band; otherwise both wings are marked very much as in the preceding species, except that the marginal band is broader, especially at the apex. Under side as above; legs black, marked with ochreous, and with the greater portion of tarsi whitish. Expanse of wings, f 13, ? 1f,in. One pair. Though superficially like the preceding, the pectinated antenne in the male at once distinguishes it. ZYGANIDA. Cnhewia, Walker, ii., 465 (1854). 4, Clelia discriminis, ni. sp. 32. Deep black; antenne, head, and thorax covered with metallic-blue scales; some blue scales down the centre of the abdo- men of the female, but these are not visible in the male, and in respect Heterocera from the Khasia Hills. 475 to these scales the species seems variable, another female having none visible. Fore wing with broad metallic-blue streaks, two at the base longitudinal, the others submarginal and central, stopping before a transverse band at one-third from base, this band slightly inclining outwards from the hinder margin; two curved subapical streaks, nearly completing a circle, a broad streak near hinder angle, and a marginal thin band, which is more complete in the male than in the female. Hind wings unmarked, except for some metallic-blue scales inside the abdominal margin in the male. Under side dull black, paler than above; hind wings with two longitudinal streaks of blue scales ; fore wings with a few scales on the veins in one female only; legs and body also with blue scales in parts. Expanse of wings, % to 1 in. Two males, three females. Differs from both C. sapphirena, Walker, and C. nigro- viridis, Elwes, in the blue markings of the wings, and from the latter in the colour of the metallic scales. CHALCOSIDAL. Hpyreis, Herr.-Schiff., Lep. Exot. Schm., 1., pl. 2, its (LiSt5)33)) 5. Lpyrgis cwprea, n. sp. @. Antenne, head, and body greenish black; collar with four white spots, thorax with two on each side and one behind, abdomen with a dorsal row. Fore wings of a uniform cupreous brown, with a submarginal row of white spots, anda small basal white spot. Hind wings cupreous brown, darker than fore wings, with white streaks in the interspaces, the two nearest abdominal margin being all white; cilia of both wings white, with the exception of the upper centre of fore wings, where it is coloured like the wing. Under side: wings as above; thorax greenish black, spotted with white; abdomen white, banded with greenish black; legs brown, streaked with white; tarsi brown. Expanse of wings, 3% in. Two specimens. Differs from all the other Indian species of this genus in the uniform brown coloration of the fore wings. Minueria, Herr.-Schiff., Lep. Exot., 1., f. 4 (1853). 6. Milleria hamiltoni, n. sp. @. Antenne and head bright blue-green, a thin crimson collar behind the head; frons pale metallic-blue; thorax greenish brown, with some blue marks in front; abdomen with the segments Bye 2K 2 476 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new species of variegated, the first two pale blue, the next two brown and blue, the remainder more or less blue. Fore wings with the veins thickly marked with greenish brown, running into the interspaces, leaving a few pale sulphur-yellow basal streaks, and a number of elongated spots of the same ground colour, decreasing in size from the centre. Hind wings pale sulphur-yellow ; costa, and outer border to the submedian vein blue-green, bright blue in some lights, attenuated hindwards, and running in on the veins; abdominal border limited by the subcostal vein, bright orange-yellow. Under side: wings as above, with all the markings pale bright blue; pectus pale yellow, thorax blue, abdomen with pale yellow broad bands, legs black with blue scales, femora with pale yellow stripes. Expanse of wings, 3 in. One specimen. A very handsome insect, allied to M. virginalis, Herr.- Schaff., the type of the genus, but widely separated by its dark fore wings, and metallic-blue border to hind wings. There is an example from Assam in the Oxford Museum. Gynautocera, Guér., Mag. Zool., 1830, p. 12. 7. Gynautocera zara, Ni. sp. 3. Antenne, head, body, and wings black; shaft of the antenne with metallic-green scales on the basal half above ; head with a few crimson irrorations, a thin crimson line behind it; thorax with a duplex crimson spot in front, and a larger one behind; abdomen with crimson tip. Fore wings with pale marks in the interspaces on the outer half, as in G. papilionaria, but more conspicuous. Hind wings with the apical portion and all the costal space above the subcostal vein very pale, in parts almost whitish ; a pale bluish white discal space where G. papilionaria has the discal patch, not white with blue borders, as in that species, but of a uniform dirty bluish white, with dentations running along the veins almost to the outer margins. Under side with the fore wings without any cyaneous reflections; hind wings with the apical space broadly pale; a crimson patch at base of fore wings ; thorax and abdomen crimson, with black bands; legs black, Expanse of wings, 33 in. One specimen. Allied to G. papilionaria, Guér., but differs con- siderably from it in the head being black instead of crim- son, in the two crimson spots on thorax aboye, in the absence of cyaneous reflections below, in the pale apical Heterocera from the Khasia Hills. AT] and costal portions of hind wings, and in the different character and colour of the discal patch. NYCTEMERIDA. DeiLtemerA, Hiibn., Verz. Schm., p. 178 (1816). 8. Deilemera carissima, n. sp. (Pl. XIX., fig. 1). 3. Palpi black, yellow at the base of last joint; antennex greyish brown; head and body yellow; head, collar, and thorax spotted with black; abdomen with a double row of black spots on each side. Wings white; fore wings with greyish brown, nearly mouse-coloured bands, one before the middle, broad, disjointed in the centre, where it is somewhat macular, widening above and below, expanding on the costa, and running in on the costa to the © base, also widens outwards, nearly touching the apical band, also expands broadly along the hinder margin, which it does not touch, except at the hinder angle, and runs in also to the base; a large spot close to the outer margin of the band at its centre; a broad apical band enclosing a subapical white square spot, this band narrowing hindwards, and becoming macular. Hind wings with a macular marginal band of same colour, and with an excavated outer margin to the wing before the anal angle. Under side: wings as above, body and legs yellow, fore and middle legs brown above. Expanse of wings, 22, in. One specimen. Nearest to Deilemera miillert, Voll.; pattern of wings somewhat similar to D. arctata, Walker, but the exca- vated outer margin of hind wing at once distinguishes it. LITHOSIIDA. BarstneE, Walker, i1., 546 (1854). 9. Barsine delicia, n.sp. (Pl. XIX, fig. 12). g. Antenne, head, thorax, and fore wings yellow; thorax and fore wings streaked with vermilion. Fore wings crossed by two brown lines or thin bands, and with the cilia brown; first band from hinder margin, one-third from base, inclining outwardly, bifurcated from above its middle, one branch inclining inwards to the costa near the base, the other to the costa at the centre, where it meets the second line, which is discal, starting from the hinder margin, beyond the middle inclining towards the apex, but not reaching it, being angled outside the cell inwards to the costa, where it meets the other line. Hind wings and abdomen vermilion, unmarked, but not so dark nor so bright as the streaks on the fore 478 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new species of wings. Under side: body, legs, and wings of a uniform vermilion, a brown mark on fore wings where the bands meet; bands and streaks indistinctly visible through the wings; cilia of fore wings brown. Expanse of wings, 1 in. One specimen. LIPARIDA. Repoa, Walker, iv., 826 (1855). 10. Redoa nigricilia, n. sp. 3 ¢. Pure white, shafts of the antenne greyish. Wings silvery white, shining; costal line of fore wings grey; tips of cilia pale black; the females with a black dot at end of cell in fore wings, the male without it; otherwise above and below without any markings. Expanse of wings, f 18, 2 2 in. One male, two females. Near R. cymbicornis, Butler, which, however, has a pure white cilia. 11. Redoa dica, n. sp. ®. White; uniform in coloration throughout, body unmarked, wings with a shining glossy sheen, as in Redoa clara, Walker. Fore wings with the cilia arched, apex acute, outer margin nearly straight, slightly oblique, hinder margin long and convex, costal line blackish brown, an indistinct grey thin band or thick line slightly curving inwards from middle of hinder margin to costa near the apex, and in certain lights some silvery transverse thin bands are visible, running from the hinder margin towards the apex; cilia tipped with brown. Hind wings unmarked; cilia tipped with a little brown in the middle. Under side white, unmarked; fore legs black on their inner sides; all the legs with black claws. Expanse of wings, 2,4, in. One specimen. I am tempted to describe this insect, though it is a female, on account of its beauty, and in the hopes of getting males in the collector’s further consignments ; it is allied to Redoa zinaria, Moore, from Java. Oreyia, Ochs., Schm. von Eur. (1810). 12. Orgyia interjecta, n. sp. (Pl. XIX, fig. 2). g. Palpi, head, and pectus reddish ochreous; antenne with the shaft brown, plumes black; body and wings blackish brown. Fore wings with a very broad, transverse, uniform white, straigh Heterocera from the Khasia Hills. 479 band from the middle of the costa to the hinder margin, its outer side overlapping the angle, the band slightly diffuse on both sides, and with the veins on the inner portion of the wing pale. Hind Wings with a very large black patch on the apical portion, and the costal space above is whitish; cilia white at the apex. Under side: wings as above, but paler; thorax and abdomen whitish, tip of abdomen ochreous; legs with whitish stripes. Expanse of wings, L§, in. One specimen. Allied to O. albifascia, Moore, but differs much in the hind wing, which in that species is of a dark uniform blackish brown. Sommena, Walker, vil., p. 1734 (1856). 13. Somena magna, n. sp. ?. Palpi, antenne, head, and fore part of thorax pale yellowish grey, as is also the apical tuft; thorax and fore wings dark grey, irrorated with blackish brown atoms; abdomen dark brown. Fore wings with a broad yellow marginal border, with an undulating inner margin containing a large black spot in the upper discoidal interspace ; a faint yellowish submarginal line in the grey portion of the wing. Hind wings grey, paler than the fore wings, faintly urorated with grey atoms; a broad marginal whitish border, diffuse inwardly. Under side: fore wings grey, with pale yellow outer marginal border; hind wings whitish; body dark brown; legs yellowish grey. Expanse of wings, 2,3 in. One specimen. A very large Somena, allied to nothing I know of; the male (as is usual in this genus) will probably be some- what smaller, but of the same pattern and colour. NOTODONTIDA. Pypna, Walker, vii., p. 1758 (1856). 14. Pydna notata, n. sp. (Pl. XIX., fig. 16). g. Antenne, palpi, head, thorax, and fore wings yellowish fawn-colour; thorax slightly paler behind. Fore wings clouded with reddish grey atoms, especially along the costa; two brown spots in a line in the centre of the wing near the base, a brown diffuse spot at the end of the cell, a small brown patch on the hinder margin before the middle, from whence a row of brown spots extends across the wing towards the apex ; outer margin with 480 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new species of a row of dark brown dots between the veins. Hind wings whitish, with minute brown dots on the margin between the veins ; other- wise unmarked; abdomen darker than the hind wings, but paler than the thorax. Under side of a uniform greyish colour, un- marked ; legs fawn-colour, Expanse of wings, 1%, in. One specimen. Its white hind wings at once distinguishes it from its nearest ally, P. testacea, Walker; the wings are nar- rower, and, though the fore wings are of the same tone of colour, the markings are differently disposed. NOCTUES. APAMIIDA. Gortyna, Ochs., Syst. Gloss. Schm. Eur., iv. (1816). 15. Gortyna intermixta, n. sp. (Pl. XIX., fig. 11.) 3. Ferruginous; palpi brownish. Fore wings with a bronzy gloss; orbicular and reniform pale, large, ringed with brown, the former round, the latter like a compressed figure of 8; a brownish patch at the base, which runs down the hinder marginal third into a sort of knob; a brown patch or spot at base of cell on the inner side of the orbicular, but clear of it; two indistinct brownish trausverse lines, first hefore the middle from the angle of the knob, nearly upright to the costa, second just beyond the middle, out- wardly deeply curved, and touching the reniform; a dark brown discal line, curving deeply outwardly, and all the wing from this line to the margin dark brown, with the exception of a pale patch at the apex; a pale, sinuous, indistinct, transverse line running through the centre of the dark marginal space; marginal line brown ; cilia brown, with a pale line at its base. Hind wings and abdomen greyish brown, paler than thorax and fore wings; an indistinct discal grey band on fore wings; cilia with pale basal line. Under side of a uniform pale greyish brown, shining, the discal line on both wings faintly visible; legs dark brown. Expanse of wings, 17, in. One specimen. Has a superficial resemblance to Pyrrhia marginata of Klein, an Huropean moth of the family Heliothide. BENDIDA. KaLMINA, gen. nov. $. Antenne, palpi, and general character as in Hamodes ; but differs as follows:—Fore wing with the median vein distorted and Heterocera from the Khasia Hills. 481 bent upwards towards the subcostal, with a large tuft of long hairs on the under side, in a glandular patch just below it in the curve; the first median branch is displaced outwards, and given off with the other two median branches from the lower angle of the cell. Hind wing with the costa expanded into a large lobe, making the apex appear as if cut across, the costal vein anastomosing with the subcostal to half the length of the cell, then curved up to near the end of the lobe on the costa. 16. Kalmina ochracea, n.sp. (Pl. XIX., fig. 8). 3S. Dark bright ochraceous ; palpi with brown sides, pale yellow beneath ; body and wings sparsely irrorated with black atoms; abdomen with a black transverse thin band before the apex. Fore wings with a large blackish brown spot at end of cell, a minute dot inside of it, another subbasal ; two indistinct, incomplete, nebulous, thin, transverse bands, first before the middle, second beyond the middle, the latter outwardly angled above with another similarly angled band outside it, and running into its centre from above. Hind wings with more than the abdominal half semihyaline, and consequently paler and unmarked; some indications on the rest of the wing of two median bands, a straight pale line across both wings (omitting the semihyaline portion of hind wings), from apex of fore wings to the abdominal margin of hind wings, one-third from anal angle, this line is bordered outwardly by a dark brown line, and followed by a broad brownish ochreous band, which fills up the whole marginal space in the fore wings, but is merely a broad band with an irregular outer margin on the hind wings. Under side of a similar colour, the hind wing finely clothed, but with more than two-thirds of the lower portion of the hind wing without scales, up to and on the outer side beyond the very large sexual tuft of hairs below the median vein in the centre of the wing; outer band brown, a brown suffusion near apex of fore wings, and a medial band of small spots on hind wing. Expanse of wings, 23, in. One specimen. Has a superficial likeness to Hamodes attacicola, Walk. HYPENIDA. DicHromia, Guén., Delt. et Pyral., 18 (1854). 17. Dichromia mollis, nu. sp. $ ¢. Antenne, head, thorax, and fore wings purplish grey ; palpi purplish black, irrorated with minute white scales, and with 482 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new species of pale yellow tips; head, thorax, and fore wings irrorated with purplish black atoms. Fore wings with an upright sinuous whitish line beyond the middle; on its inner side is a large blackish brown patch, which is limited inwards by a pale somewhat reddish space, which occupies the basal and hinder marginal portions, the inner margin of the black patch running in a curve from the costa, one- sixth from base, to the white line about one-sixth from the hinder margin; on the outer portion of the wing is a black subapical patch on the costa, and another large blackish patch, diffused downwards, and limited above by a short sinuous line running inwards from the apex; a black marginal line, with pale lunules. Hind wings ochreous, with black marginal border, deep at apex, and fining downwards to the anal angle; in some specimens it reaches it, in others it does not; marginal line and cilia black, sometimes this colour stops short of the angle. Under side: fore wings of a nearly uniform purple-brown, a subapical interior white spot, and another on costa, one-fifth from apex; hind wings as above; body and hind legs ochreous; fore and middle legs brown. Expanse of wings, 1,5, in. Seventeen males, one female. The male, when freshly caught, has an anal brush of long hairs turning upwards ; it is also common in Sikkim, from whence I have several specimens. It was wrongly identified in the B. M. collection as DP. trigonalis, Guén., which I also have from Solon and Mandi; it is nearest to D. triplicalis, Walker, which also comes from the Khasias. It differs materially, however, in the nature of the central black patch on fore wings, which in tripli- calis is a broad black band reaching the hinder margin, and is limited on both sides by a white line from costa to hinder margin. Hypena, Schr., Faun. Boic., p. 163 (1802). 18. Hypena daria, n. sp. (Pl. XIX., fig. 14). 3. Pinkish grey, covered with brown irrorations. Fore wings with a post-medial transverse waved line, marked with black, inclining from centre of hind margin to costa, less than one-third from apex, a similar marginal line; space between these lines darker than the rest of the wing; a black apical curved streak, with a pale space above it at the apex. Hind wing brown, darkest towards the margins; marginal line dark brown; cilia on both wings pinkish grey, strongly marked with brown. Under side Heterocera from the Khasia Hills. ~ 483 paler; hind wings with a brown discoidal spot ; both wings with a central transverse thin brown band, outwardly curved on the hind wings; marginal line dark brown. Hxpanse of wings, 13 in. One specimen. Allied to nothing I know of. 19. Hypena laxia, uv. sp. 3. Pinkish brown, covered with brown irrorations. Fore wings with a duplex pale line from near centre of hinder margin to costa, one-fifth from apex; this line is curved very slightly outwards; a blackish sinuous line at apex, above which is a whitish space ; from this downwards is a submarginal row of small blackish marks, and a whitish suffusion between this and the margin ; marginal lunules black. Hind wings blackish brown, marginal line black. Under side paler ; fore wings brown, except on the margins, which are pinkish grey; hind wings whitish, with the outer and upper por- tions pinkish grey, irrorated with brown; a brown discoidal spot and indications of an outwardly curved central transverse brown line; an indication of a similar line on the fore wings, one-fifth from the apex on the costa. Expanse of wings, 1,3 in. Two specimens. Allied to the preceding, but with a double transverse line on fore wings instead of a single one, and quite differently disposed. GEOMETRITES. URAPTERYGIDA. Micronissa, gen. nov. Type. M. margaritata, Moore. 3g. Antenne bipectinated to three-fourths its length; palpi short, slender, and up- turned. Fore wing with the apex rather pointed, the outer margin nearly straight, the first subcostal arising before the angle of cell, the second and third given off before the apex, the fifth nearer the angle of cell, upper radial from the angle, the lower from the middle of disco-cellulars, second and third medians from lower angle, first median from before the angle. Hind wing slightly angled at second median branch, the costal MIcRONISSA, 484 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new species of vein free, the subcostals from the end of cell, radial absent, the medians from lower angle of cell, the first median from before the angle. 20. Micronissa margaritata. Urapteryx margaritata, Moore, P. Z.8., 1867, p. 612; Waterhouse, Aid., xxx., pl. 184, f. 1 (1889). Twenty-three specimens. ENNOMIDA:. HyprerytHra, Guén., Phal , i., 99 (1857). 21. Hyperythra phaniz, n. sp. 3. Of a uniform pale greenish yellow colour, finely and regu- gularly striated with reddish brown, varying somewhat in colour from greyish greenish yellow to reddish grey, but always of a uniform coloration. Wings crossed by two pale indistinct reddish grey straight bands; first before, but close to the middle; second discal; second band limited on its inner side by a brown line, more distinct on hind wings; a largish brown subapical spot on hind wings outside the discal band, with a small spot above it, and sometimes one or two more spots on the band hindwards; mar- ginal border of hind wing distinctly sinuous. Under side luteous, striated with grey ; a broad reddish brown line or thin band across both wings from costa at one-fifth from apex to abdominal margin one-fifth from anal angle; traces of a medial thin band, a brown point at end of each cell (in some specimens this is also to be distinguished above), and a large white subcostal marginal patch on fore wings. _Expanse of wings, 2 in. Numerous specimens ; all males. This species has come in hundreds ; at first I got one, and thought it a curious and very large form of H. lutea, Cram., but I have now many examples. They are very uniform in character and size, have the margin of hind wings much more sinuous, the colour is never nebulous above, as in H. lutea, and it is undoubtedly a good and distinct form. I have also received many examples of H. lutea from the same locality. Heterocera from the Khasia Hills. 485 Antuyperytura, Warren MS., gen. nov. Type. A.hermearia, mihi. Allied to Hyperythra, from which it differs in the second subcostal of the fore wing being emitted before = the end of the cell instead of from the Jf fourth, and in the cell of the hind Say) wing being of normal length; whilst in Hyperythra it is much shortened, especially in the male, in which sex it is open, and contains a glandular patch on the upper side bearing a tuft of long hairs. ANTHYPERYTHRA, 22. Anthyperythra hermearia, n. sp. (Pl. XIX., fig. 9). 3. ILuteous yellow, sparsely irrorated in places with purplish red; antenne pale purplish red ; palpi, head, fore part of thorax, and central margin of fore wings dark purplish red. Both wings crossed by a reddish line or thin band; in the fore wings the band is beyond the middle, in the hind wings it is in the middle; a large round purplish blotch on fore wings near the hinder margin, touching the line on the outer side; another similar but smaller blotch, a patch on the outer margin just below the apex; the entire space between the line and outer margin on fore wings is suffused with pinkish, but on fore wings there is a similar suffusion on the outer side of the line only. Under side as above, but brighter ; both wings sparsely covered with small but rather prominent brown spots, and with a darker pinkish suffusion outside the line in both wings; femora yellow, with brown spots; tibiw and tarsi pinkish. Expanse of wings, 14,—2 in. Five specimens. OponToPERA, Steph., Ill. Brit. Haust., ii. p. 162 (1828—85). 23. Odontopera nemea, n.sp. (Pl XIX., fig. 5). 3S. Of a uniform wood-brown colour. Fore wings with a sub- costal dark brown stripe, straight and parallel with the costa from base to outer margin; two blackish marks on the costa where the two transverse dark brown lines commence; these lines do not, however, touch the costa, but run from the subcostal stripe, the 486 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new species of first before the middle, curving outwardly, and are only indicated on the upper portions of the hind wings; the second discal is quite straight down to the hinder angle of fore wings, and from apex of hind wings straight down to the excavation on the outer margin at the end of the median vein. Both wings are covered with brown irorations ; a black dot at end of each cell, a submarginal pale sinuous line, which on the upper part of the fore wings is included in a brown stripe, and in the hind wings runs through the discal transverse straight brown line. Hind wings with a discal sinuous pale outwardly curved line, with black points on the veins; cilia of both wings pale at its base, and dark brown outwardly in places. Under side brighter and darker brown, yellowish at the base and hinder portions of fore wings, and basal half of hind wings; bands showing through the wings, a pale patch in centre of outer margins of all the wings, and the whole surface of the wings covered with brown irrorations. Expanse of wings, 17, in. One specimen. Wings shaped as in O. chalybeata, Moore (a green insect), but the marginal excavations deeper. SeLenia, Aiibn., Verz. Schm., 292 (1816). 24. Selenia codra, n. sp. (Pl. XIX., fig. 8). 3. Pale greyish fawn-colour, with a slight yellowish tinge, evenly striated with grey; plumes of the antenne blackish. Fore wings striated with black on the costa and on the disco-cellular portions; a double blackish brown straight line from the hinder margin near the base to the centre of the wing, where it is acutely angled and retracted in a single straight line to the costa ; a double curved similar line from the hinder margin one-fourth from the “angle to the apex of the wing; two or three whitish dots outside the line below the apex, a large brown spot outside the line near the hinder margin, and a small brown dot below it on the margin; a black dot at the end of the cell. Hind wings with a black dot at the end of the cell, and a straight submarginal whitish line from below the apex to the anal angle, margin dentated, rather acutely so below the middle, the inner duplex line of fore wings continued subbasally across the hind wing. Under side paler, markings showing through, and a greyish nebulous pale band across the dise of both wings, terminating in a blackish mark on the abdominal margin. Expanse of wings, 1,5 in. One specimen. Allied to iS. decorata, Moore, but the clear surface of Heteroceru from the Khasia Hills. 437 the wings and the straightness and position of the inner band at once distinguishes it from that species. 25. Selenia murina, n.sp. (Pl. XIX., fig. 13). 3. Ofa uniform greyish mouse-colour. Tore wings with three transverse sinuous fine brown lines; first subbasal, second just before the middle, both curving almost acutely inwards on to the costa, where there are brown patches, the second one very much the larger; third line bent a little inwards on the hinder margin, then running nearly upright rather close to the second to the costa near the apex, where there is another blackish brown mark. Hind wing with a central outwardly curved indistinct fine brown line, corresponding to the third line on the fore wings, ending in a brown mark on the abdominal margin, with another mark on the margin above it; cilia of both wings with pale tips. Fore wings with the apex bent round, and with a rather deep excavation on the outer margin just below it. Under side paler; apex of fore wings with a reddish tinge, the outer line and costal mark visible; hind wing with two brownish indistinct outwardly curved bands before and beyond the middle, and rather close to each other. Expanse of wings, 17, in. One specimen. Allied to nothing I know of. OXYDIDA. Marcaua, Walker, xxvi., 1764 (1862). 26. Marcala varians, n. sp. 6. Wings shorter than usual, and comparatively broader; general coloration reddish grey, very variable, sometimes yellowish, in one specimen nearly bright red, and in another bright green. Fore wings with an interior nearly erect transverse brown thin band about one-fifth from base, which curves in to a spot or slight thickening on the costa; a similarly coloured discal band from the apex to the hinder margin, one-fourth from hinder angle; this band in some specimens has a small spot near the apex, and is accompanied by a large brown spot on its outer side near the hinder angle, but this is not present in all specimens; a mark like the commencement of another band on the costa one-third from apex, and a small brown dot at end of cell; the entire wing minutely irrorated with grey atoms, and in places sparsely striated with blackish brown. Hind wings striated with blackish brown ; a 488 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new species of brown dot at end of cell, a brown outwardly curved thin discal band, the colour of the wing inside the band whitish, outside of it generally of the same colour as the fore wings, but paler. Under side in all specimens, whatever the coloration above may be the general coloration of both wings, is of a uniform pale yellowish, thickly striated in parts with brown, and with the cell-dots and transverse bands as above. Expanse of wings, 15, in. Twenty specimens ; all males. Tn its markings it differs from all the other species of this genus in the disposition of the bands, wnich usually, in this genus, run parallel with each other. AANOCHROMIDA. - Sarcrinopgs, Guén., Phal., i., p. 188 (1857). 27. Sarcinodes susana, 0. sp. 3d. Reddish ochreous, abdomen marked with purplish brown; wings spotted with purplish brown, and with patches of the same colour; a transverse band of these patches before the middle; a straight discal line, not so dark as the patches, from apex of fore wings to abdominal margin of hind wings, one-third from anal angle, the line edged with whitish on both sides, and between this line and the margin there is another irregular band of patches ; brown marginal points, and cilia reddish. Under side as above, but paler and more yellow. Expanse of wings, 2,4 in. One specimen. Nearest to S. debitaria, Walker, but without the cell- spot and subbasal band on fore wings; the discal line, though similarly placed, is of a different description, and differs altogether in the purple-brown patches with which the wings are covered. On the under side S. debitaria is greyish, thickly striated with brown, with a discal line of brown points across both wings. BOARMIIDA. Curora, Curt., Brit. Ent., p. 88 (1825). 28. Cleora nebulosa, n. sp. 6. Palpi brown, with pale pinkish tips; shafts of the antenne pale pinkish grey, with brown bands and brown plumes; body and wings with the ground colour pale pinkish grey, clouded with brown ; abdomen with pale pinkish grey apex. Fore wings with some blackish brown marks on the costa, which are the apparent Heterocera from the Khasia Hills. 489 indications of two nebulous brown bands, one before the middle, and the other discal, which bifureates on to the costa and apex, leaving a pale space between ; a submarginal dentated pale line, a blackish marginal line interlaced with black lunular spots; pinkish cilia varied with brown patches, and the entire wing more or less striated with brown, giving the whole surface a nebulous appear- ance difficult to describe. Hind wings with the upper part clear of striations, the lower striated like the fore wings; a brown lunular mark at end of cell, a submarginal whitish sinuous line, banded on the inside with brown, like in the fore wings; cilia pale, interlined, marginal line blackish brown and sinuous. Under side ochreous, striated in parts with brown ; a brown spot at end of each cell, and a broad discal brown band across both wings, touching the margin in most parts. Expanse of wings, 14, in. Six specimens. A very curiously marked Cleora. OprHaLMopDEs, Guén., Phal., 1. 447 (1857). 29. Opthalmodes pulsaria, un. sp. 3. Antenne brown, thorax and wings of a uniform dark green colour, abdomen grey. Both wings with pale lunular discoidal marks bordered with brown, and crossed by three outwardly dentated reddish brown bands, outwardly edged with whitish; brown marginal spots somewhat lunular in shape in the inter- spaces; cilia green, marked with whitish opposite the veins. Under side pale grey; a large blackish spot at the end of each cell, and both wings crossed by a broad submarginal blackish band, which on the fore wings runs on to the margin, except at the apex; body and legs grey. Hxpanse of wings, 22—25, in. Three specimens. Allied to O. infusaria, Walker, is smaller, of a different green colour, has reddish bands instead of grey, and of a different character. 30. Opthalmodes lectularia, n. sp. (Pl. XIX., fig. 4). 3. Antenne brown, thorax and wings greyish, suffused with green, and irrorated with browr atoms; abdomen grey. Wings with brown spots at the end of each cell, centred with white, and crossed by three outwardly dentated transverse brown bands, out- wardly edged with whitish, outer margin with brown spots in the interspaces; cilia in whitish and brown patches, the latter being TRANS. ENT. SoC. LOND. 1891.—PaRT IV. (DEC.) 21 490 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new species of opposite the brown spots onthe margin. Under side grey, densely irrorated with brown, and with broad submarginal suffused brownish bands, which on the fore wing run into the margin; body grey, legs grey; tarsi brown, with greyish white bands. Expanse of wings. 18, in. One specimen. Allied to O. diwrnaria, Guén., very much smaller, the bands straighter on the fore wings, and of a different shade of green. Dinpica, Moore, Descr. Ind. Lep. Atk., iii., p. 248 (1888). 31. Dindica para, u. sp. 3. Antenne brown; palpi, head, thorax, and fore wings greyish green, varying much in colour in different specimens to grey and greyish ochreous. Fore wings covered with fuscous irro- rations; an outer blackish line from hinder margin, one-fifth from the angle, ascending in a sinuous form for one-third, then curving towards the outer margin, where it forms a dentation near the margin above the middle, and is retracted in a nearly straight line to the costa one-fourth from apex; a short dentated subapical white line from the costa to the apex of the tooth of the discal line, where there is an indistinct reddish spot on a pale ground; outer marginal line black and lunular; cilia ochreous grey, interlined, and with brown patches; there are also some internal brown streaks on the veins. Hind wing ochreous, dark and bright in some specimens, nearly white in others, always pale on the costal space; a nebulous marginal band of the same colour as the fore wings, patched with blackish on its inner side, being in reality a black submarginal incomplete band on the under side showing through the wing. Under side greyish white, suffused with ochreous on the inner portion of the hind wings; a large blackish spot at the end of cell of fore wings, some black marks on costa, similar subapical striations, limited by a diffuse discal band reaching neither costa nor hinder angle; black lunules on the margin, and some black marks on the white cilia. Hind wings with an incomplete submarginal band, which varies in size and distinctness in many examples; body and legs ochreous grey; legs with brown bands. Expanse of wings, 14—1¥, in. Many specimens ; all males. Like a miniature D. polyphenaria, Guén., which has come from the same locality, in the same lot in rather large numbers; the marks on the fore wings are very Fleterocera from the Khasia Hills. 491 similar, but the colour of the wing is of a different character, and the marginal band of the hind wings above and below is quite different, and about half the width of that species. Pineasa, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, iii., p. 419 (1887). 32. Pingasa alba, n. sp. (Pl. XIX., fig. 6). 3. White; antenne with the pectinations brown. Fore wings with fine brown marks on the costa, a faint grey transverse out- wardly curved line at the basal third. Both wings with a discal grey line nearly corresponding to the shape of the outer margins, with small dentations outwards on the veins; there is a very slight ochreous grey tinge on the fore part of the thorax and base of wings; otherwise above and below the coloration is uniformly white ; marginal line above grey, Under side without markings, with the exception of the discal line being slightly visible through the wings, and a slight brown suffusion on fore wings outside the line; legs with pale brown stripes. Expanse of wings, 2 in. One specimen. The discal line runs up to the costa in an even curve, somewhat as in P. rufofasciata, Moore, but is nearer to the outer margin ; its white unmarked surface, however, distinguishes it from all the other Indian species of this genus. Auana, Walker, xxxv., p. 1568 (1866). 33. Alana albopunctata, n. sp. 3S. Of a uniform dark reddish brown; shafts of the antennze pale, plumes blackish ; tip of abdomen ochreous. Both wings much striated with brown, and with white striations, the latter dense on basal half, especially on fore wings. Fore wings with a large white patch at apex. Hind wings with a largish white spot inside the end of the cell; both wings with two rows of white discal points on a darker band of brown striations, these points in some specimens suffused into white striations; margin of both wings pale, and studded with clear white points on the veins; cilia palely interlined. Under side grey, suffused with reddish ochreous, brighter on hind wings, and with the outer portion of the wings irrorated with brown atoms; body and legs ochreous red. Expanse of wings, 1; in. Many specimens (over two hundred) ; all males. Allied to A, vexillaria, Guén., and A. riobearia, Walk. ; 2L2 492 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new species of between the two in size, somewhat like the former in colour and pattern above, and like the latter on the under side; very constant in colour and pattern in all the numerous specimens received. MACARIDA. Macaria, Curt., Brit. Ent., p. 182 (1826). 34. Macaria temeraria, n. sp. g. Pale grey, tinged with ochreous, and striated with darker erey and brown; abdomen with two rows of brown dots. Fore wings with four transverse lines; first subbasal, sinuous, greyish brown, and well curved outwardly; second medial, third discal ; both similarly coloured, running outwardly from costa, then sharply bent inwards to the hinder margin; second in an irregular and distorted shape, the lower portion in some specimens not visible ; third whitish from the angle downwards, and nearly straight ; fourth whitish from hinder margin upwards to costa near apex, the striations from third line to costa dark brown, giving a suffused brown shading to this part of the wing. Hind wings with a fine brown dot at end of cell; an interior and a discal outwardly curved sinuous greyish brown line, and a straight white line from hinder angle to apex, with a brown inner edging, the margin outside this line suffused with brownish ; cilia of both wings interlined, and in five shades: white, grey, ochreous, grey, and ochreous. Under side paler and brighter, with lower and outer portions of both wings whitish; both wings with interior and exterior outwardly _ curved sinuous lines, and with outer lines as above; a fine brown dot at end of cell in hind wings, brown marginal dots between the veins, and interlined cilia. Expanse of wings, 1} in. Four specimens. Carian, Walker, xxvi., p. 1631 (1862): 35. Carige rachiaria, n. sp. 3. Chocolate-brown, irrorated with black; shaft of antenne speckled with black, pectinations variegated, being black with pale chocolate coloured spots; abdomen with pale bands; wings with pale veins. Wings with a black dot at end of each cell; a discal macular band of black square spots, with a continuous pale line running through them; these patches are divided by the pale veins ; three patches on the fore wing, subcostal, above the middle and on the hinder margin, and two at lower end of hind wing ; the Heterocera from the Khasia Hills. 493 pale line is bordered with black, and is obsolete on upper portion of hind wing; also a submarginal row of smal]l black spear-shaped marks, outwardly pale-edged, these being also obsolete on upper portion of hind wings; a pale ante-ciliarly line and brown cilia, with pale tips and pale patches opposite the extremities of the veins. Under side pale chocolate-grey, densely irrorated in parts with brown; a brown point at end of each cell, indications of central and submarginal bands, ciliaas above. HExpanse of wings, 17, in. Twelve specimens. LARENTIIDAL. Crparta, T'reit., Schm., vi., 2, 242 (1828). 36. Cidaria fecunda, n. sp. 3. Greenish brown, top of head pinkish grey, abdomen suffused with this colour on its lower portions. Fore wings with the ground colour pinkish grey, irrorated and suffused in parts with greenish grey, making the coloration variable in many specimens ; the wing crossed by four brown bands, subbasal, ante-medial, post-medial, and submarginal; these bands are margined by blackish sinuous lines, which are dentated in places; all curve outwardly, the third band deeply above its centre; marginal line black; cilia pinkish grey, with a pale brown band, and with brown patches opposite the veins. Hind wings pale grey, more or less suffused with pinkish, with a submarginal grey band composed of two inwardly dentated lines, and with some faint sinuous lines in the interior portions of the wing, which in some specimens are not visible, except on the abdominal margin; marginal line black, cilia as in fore wings. Under side of a uniform pale pinkish grey, with some distinct sinuous brown lines forming broad discal and marginal bands; legs with brown above; tarsi with pinkish grey bands on the brown portions. Expanse of wings, 13, in. In great numbers; all males. A very distinct species, difficult to describe, and must be very plentiful in the Khasia Hills, many hundreds having come in one batch. 37. Cidaria scortea, n. sp. $. Greenish grey; palpi covered with black hairs; body and fore wings irrorated with brown, densely packed on the fore wings into three or four broad transverse bands, the central the most 494 Colonel C. Swinhoe on new species of distinct, being limited outwardly by an inwardly dentated pale pinkish grey sinuous line, with black tips to the dentations; this is the commencement of a discal band of pale pinkish grey, the rest of the margin being brown; the pinkish band has a brown sinuous line running through it, and the marginal brown portion has two pale sinuous and dentated lines, these lines being mar- gined with dark brown, and with black tips to the dentations ; marginal line brown and lunular; cilia pale pinkish grey, with brown patches opposite the veins; costa with brown markings. Hind wings greyish fawn-colour, marginal line and cilia as in fore wings. Under side pale dirty grey, an indistinct greyish sinuous discal line, and marginal darker band. Expanse of wings, 1;— 2 in, Many specimens; all males. 38. Cidaria furva, 1. sp. 3. Dark olive-brown. Fore wings crossed by many pale trans- verse lines from the base to the outer third of the wing; these lines are crossed by the pale pinkish veins ; across the centre of the wing is a darker brown band of nine squarish large spots, the apical portion of the outer third is pale grey, the space below having dark spaces, and through it all runsa discal duplex brown line, dentated inwardly on its upper portions; there is also asubmarginal blackish line, terminating by running into the outer margin below the apex. Hind wing greyish brown, with a pale pinkish grey costal space, and a pale sinuous short line or band running inwards from the anal angle, very indistinct in some specimens. Both wings with marginal line black; cilia pale pinkish grey, with a brown internal band, and brown patches opposite the veins. Under side pale ochreous grey, irrorated with brownish grey, with some indications of the markings on the upper sides. Expanse of wings, 1, in. In great numbers; all males. Allied to C. obscurata, Moore, and looks very like it on the under side when the wings are closed; but the markings above are different, and the large apical pale patch at once distinguishes it. INES CNABT EY Op Heterocera from the Khasia Hills. 495 EXxenANATION oF PuatE XIX. Deilemera carissima, $, n. Sp., p- ATT. . Orgyia interjecta, J, n.sp., p. 478, . Kalmina ochracea, 3, n.sp., p. 481. Opthalmodes lectularia, 3, n.sp., p. 489. Odontopera nemea, 3, nN. sp., p. 485. Pingasa alba, 3, n.sp., p. 490. Hydrusa actea, §,n.sp., p. 474. . Selenia codra, J, u.sp., p. 486. . Anthyperythra hermearia, g, n.sp., p. 485. . Hydrusa baiea, 3, u.sp., p. 473. . Gortyna intermiata, 3, n.sp., p. 480. . Barsine delicea, J, n.sp., p. 477. . Selenia murina, 3, n.sp., p. 486. . Hypena daria, 3, u.sp., p. 482. . Hydrusa era, J, u.sp., p. 473. . Pydna notata, 8, u.sp., p. 479. 2 : ae ae a | . x AY cer Je “y aby a = .. ’ (eS) XX. On some cases of Dimorphism and Polymorphism among Palearctic Lepidoptera. By Sure AupHt- RAKY, Of St. Petersburg. Communicated by Henry JoHN Ewes, F'.L.S., F.Z.S., &e. [Read August 5th, 1891.| Many authentic instances of dimorphism, or even poly- morphism, in the female sex of various species of Lepidoptera are known to exist, but only a few such cases are generally acknowledged for the male sex. It is rather strange that, when in certain species the males are of one form [monomorphic], but the females dimor- phic (whether the different forms are found together or in different localities widely apart), nobody seems to wonder at the fact; whereas, if females of supposed distinct species are absolutely identical in appearance, but their males dimorphic, such males are mostly treated as belonging to separate species. Let us take, as an example, Cleogene Niveata, Sc. (= Illibaria, Hb.), from the Carniola and Styrian Alps, where both males and females are white, and the Pyrenean Cleogene Peletieraria, Dup., which differs, from the first, only in the male being of a dark slate- colour, and a trifle larger, as a rule. The females of Niveata and Peletieraria are identical. We shall find but a small number of lepidopterists inclined to recognise in these two forms mere varieties of one and the same moth, which they most decidedly are. It would have been still more difficult to have their specific identity admitted if both forms inhabited the same locality, as in some other cases, where dimorphic forms really do fly together. Of generally acknowledged instances of dimorphism in the male sex there are but few, and these are of such an unmistakable and obvious character that no place for the slightest doubt is left, even for the most obstinate species separator. Among such cases it is enough to TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—PaRT IV. (DEC.) 498 Mr. 8S. Alphéraky on some cases of mention Colias Hrate, Esp., and its orange form, Chrysodona, B.; Thais Medesicaste, Ill., and its form, Honorati, B. (so scarce, but so constant, too) ; Chryso- phanes Phleas, L., with the dark form, Hleus, F., and the whitish ab. Schmidtii, Gerh. In these cases the dimorphic forms fly, in some localities, side by side, and are valuable as a proof that dimorphism in males does really exist. Such forms as Chrysophanes ab. Schmidtii and Thais ab. Honorati are generally considered as mere accidental varieties—aberrations of the typical forms; but, though scarce by themselves, being very constant in their dis- tinctive characters, both ab. Schmidtii and ab. Honoratit must be regarded as true dimorphic forms, the more so, as in some analogous cases rare aberrations in one locality may become the constant form in others. I will now try to illustrate this by the following facts. In the summer of 1867, when I was living near the Sea of Azoyv, at Taganrog, a friend of mine, Mr. William Daish, an Englishman, bred from numerous caterpillars of Papilio Machaon, L., an unusual and remarkably fine female imago, with an abnormal development of yellow scales on the wings and on the abdomen (the latter being entirely yellow) such as I had never seen in any other individual amidst numerous European specimens. This female was, consequently, a very remarkable aberration for the locality where it had been bred. Many years later, exactly similar specimens were found in Turkistan, near Samarkand and Marghelan ; and the form has been described as var. centralis by Dr. Staudinger, who sees it in the second brood of the butterfly of those localities, whereas he says that the specimens of the first brood there do not differ from the ordinary European form. I myself have long been of Dr. Staudinger’s opinion as to two forms of the same species never flying side by side. This theory of my much esteemed and celebrated friend is, after all, as I now think, only so far correct, that it is not generally the case that constant varieties do fly together with their typical forms, and also as long as the variety is not a strictly dimorphic form of the type.* Ihave now come to the conviction that dimorphic ** I do not consider slight variations of colouring, size, form, and pattern of the wings as cases of dimorphism. dimorphism and polymorphism. 499 forms of a species which fly together, and which are, accordingly, considered as distinct species, do sometimes become constant and monomorphic representatives of the species in some other locality. Lederer is one of the first who speaks of such a case in the ‘ Hore Soc. Ent. Ross.,’ vol. vi., pp. 79, 80. This sagacious entomologist says there, that he considers both Lycena Eurypilus, Frr., and L. Zephyrus, Friv., as varieties of L. Argus, L. Although I cannot agree with Lederer in this last point, 1 am well convinced that he is right as regards the specific identity of Zephyrus and Hurypilus, these two Lycene being dimorphic forms of one species. I had forgotten what Lederer had written on the subject till quite recently, when, having had to separate females of Hurypilus and Zephyrus from ditferent localities that were intermingled, I was in some cases greatly puzzled, and could not with certainty decide to which of the two species the females belonged. In looking over the works of those authors who were most likely to speak of these Lycene, I was glad to find in the above-mentioned paper Lederer’s opinion in accord- ance with the conclusion I had arrived at myself, 2. e., that Zephyrus and Hurypilus are forms of one species, the only really characteristic distinction being in the blue and brown colouring of the respective males, whilst the females are alike—monomorphic. This case is very instructive in many respects. In some countries, as, for example, in the North-east of Asia Minor (Pontus), and in Armenia, both forms— Zephyrus and Hurypilus—fly together ; whereas they fly separately, as monomorphic forms, in other localities. So Hurypilus flies alone in some parts of Persia and in the North-western part of Asia Minor, whilst the blue- male form Zephyrus has not been found in some parts of ~ Persia* and in the North-western part of Asia Minor, in the so-called Bithynia. * IT have seen a good number of Hurypilus, but no Zephyrus from Persia; and Mr. Herz, who has collected a great number of Lycene in Persia, has not met Zephyrus there, but only Hurypilus. Lederer says, l.c., that he has only received Hwry- pilus trom Astrabad, and Dr. Staudinger alone speaks ot Persian Zephyrus in the ‘ Hore Soc. Ent. Ross.,’ vol. xiv., p. 285. Zephyrus must therefore be very local in Persia. 500 Mr. S. Alphéraky on some cases of In Greece, in European Turkey, in Switzerland (here as a local variety, named L. Lycidas, Trapp.), and in Spain (here as var. Hesperica, Rbr.), Zephyrus only flies. In the country east of the Caspian Sea, and in Turkistan, we find this same Zephyrus with blue males, but slightly modified—var. Zephyrinus, Steger. In all these last- named countries the form with the blue male appears to fly alone, and its range is perhaps greater still, as it is very probable that L. Pylaon, F. v. W., and Cyane, Ev., are also but varieties of Zephyrus. In this case, we find that the form with the dark brown male has a much smaller geographical distribution than the one with the blue male. But we shall soon see that in another similar case it is the reverse, the brown form being more widely distributed than the biue one. I must here remark that Lederer speaks of inter- mediate forms between Zephyrus and Argus as found near Amasia, but Dr. Staudinger has not found such specimens in Lederer’s collection. Mr. Cristoph also thinks* that some specimens of Argus in the Caucasus show a transition to Zephyrus, but, after a careful exami- nation of such specimens, I think that they all belong to Zephyrus, this species being just as inclined to individual variation as Argus. Does not this case of dimorphism indicate that other geographical varieties may have originated in the same way? Beginning by getting dimorphic in a certain locality, does not the species then spread in various directions under the one or the other form, according to which of the two is best fitted for the new locality, and for the probably modified conditions of existence ? Against Lederer’s opinion as to Hurypilus and Ze- phyrus being varieties of Argus, and of Zephyrus and Kurypilus being dimorphic forms of one species, we have Dr. Staudinger’s criticism in vol. xiv. of the ‘ Hore Soe. Hunt. Ross.,’ p. 235, et seq. Although | am quite of the Doctor’s opinion concerning the specific distinctness of Argus and Zephyrus-Eurypilus, I find his endeavour to prove the distinctness of the two last-named forms insufficiently conclusive. One of his strongest arguments against the specific identity of these * « Mémoires sur les Lepidopt.,’ N. M. Romanoff, vol. i., p. 51. dimorphism and polymorphism. 501 forms is that they fly in some localities side by side, which, as we know, he does not admit for forms of the same species. Then, after giving some details of lesser importance, by which Hurypilus is to be distinguished from Zephyrus, such as a darker brown under side of the wings of the first, as compared with the greyish under side of the wings of the second, &c., Dr. Staudinger acknowledges ‘‘that some of the females of Hurypilus and Zephyrus are not to be separated with certainty,” and this statement of his is absolutely fatal to the cause he defends. I think that I know of several other analogous cases in the same genus, but I do not think it prudent to speak of these before having studied them more thoroughly, as it is very easy to fall into grave errors in questions of so delicate a nature; and I will now pass to the following instance, which I have closely analysed, and in the truth of which I have no reason to doubt. . Those of my readers who may find interest in cases of dimorphism presented by some of our Palearctic Rhopalocera are surely well enough acquainted with the Lycene,—Admetus, Esp., Riparti, Frr., Dolus, Hb., and Menalcas, Frr.,—so that it is useless my recapitulating here the well-known differences which characterise these four forms. It is sufficient to remark that nearly all lepidopterists consider L. Ripartw as a mere variety of lL. Admetus, and that L. Menalcas is considered as the Asia Minor form of LZ. Dolus of France and Piedmont. A good description of L. Dolus, Hb., under the name Lefebvrei, is given by Godart in his ‘ Encyclopedia Méthodique,’ p. 695 (1819), but, as far as I know, Boisduval is the first who points out the affinities of Dolus, Admetus, and Riparti. In his ‘Icones His- toriques,’ p. 71, he says, speaking of Dolus :—“ Cette espece forme avec Admetus et Ripparti, un petit groupe fort remarquable par le duvet cotonneux, qui couvre une partie des ailes supérieures des males. On ne rencontre cette particularité dans aucune autre espéce connue.” Freyer, in describing the L. Menalcas, is right when he believes it to be a variety of Dolus, Hb. Dr. Staudinger, who, in the ‘ Hore Soc. Ent. Ross.,’ vol. xiv., p. 248, speaks of Menulcus and Ripartit, says that he fails to distinguish the females of these two 502 Cases of dimorphism and polymorphism. Tycene, but, in the same paper, speaking of Admetus and Ripartit, he expresses a certain doubt as to these last two belonging to one species. Now we know that, in reality, the last two forms differ only in Ripartit having a distinct white streak on the under side of the hind posterior wings, which is deficient in Admetus. Dr. Staudinger next speaks of intermediate forms, found in Asia Minor, with the streak partly present. Such intermediate forms he is inclined to consider as hybrids of Admetus and Ripartu. But this same streak is so variable in the intricate Lycena Damon, Schiff., group, that it has entirely lost, in my opinion, any importance as a specific character. Having lately had the opportunity of closely examining specimens of Admetus, Ripartu, Dolus, and Menalcas, having done it with the greatest care and with the aid of good magnifying glasses, having weighed all the pros and the cons of the question, I now firmly believe that all four forms belong to one species. We consequently have, in France, Dolus and Ripartit as dimorphic forms of a species which, in Asia Minor, occurs in three forms —Admetus, Ripartii, and Menalcas. The whitish-blue forms, Dolus and Menalcas, are found nowhere inde- pendently from Ripartw; whilst the latter and Admetus do occur in certain countries as constant and perfectly monomorphic forms. I firmly believe that when the majority of similar instances of dimorphism or polymorphism have been recorded, it will be found that the number of such cases in the male sex of Palearctic Lepidoptera is by no means inferior to the number of cases presented by the female sex. (503) XXI. Hffect of change of climate upon the emergence of certain species of Lepidoptera. By Gurvasz F. Maruew, Fleet Paymaster, Royal Navy, F.L.S., eZee. CC. [Read October 7th, 1891.] On the Ist January, 1891, H.M.S. ‘Tyne’ left Ports- mouth for Hong Kong, arriving at Portsmouth again, on her return voyage, on the 2nd May. At the time of our departure I had a number of pupz of several kinds of Lepidoptera, which were obtained, when larve, at Chatham and Sheerness in September, and a few pupe, dug at Staplefield, Sussex, in August, 1890. As the result of the effect of change of climate on these pupe has been somewhat curious, perhaps the subjoined table of dates of emergence and temperatures will be of some interest. Everyone will remember that last winter was an excessively severe one. The cold weather began on the 26th November, and continued throughout December. At Portsmouth on the 1st January, and at Plymouth on the 2nd January, it was somewhat milder, and there were indications of a break up of the frost; but the change was not sustained, for a couple of days after we left Plymouth the cold weather set in again with renewed vigour, and lasted well on into February. On our passage to, and through the Mediterranean, the tempera- ture was comparatively low, and the snow upon the mountain ranges of Spain and Northern Africa was lower down the slopes than has been noticed for some years. At Malta the nights were quite cold, and we did not get into really warm weather until we had passed through the Suez Canal into the Red Sea. TRANS. ENT. SOG, LOND, 1891.—PART IV. (DEC.) | bo | a 2 i | i = | py, |e | .|22|/34 23 Pai, | eo oreun.| fe | oe) 2 ese | Sel ee | ee | eal Bf osition of Ship. he 22|\84 SeEl(SMO/SE SSB /¥38 55 as 1891, 2 | 82) a3 (a5 |\as|ms| S2| 68 | ee) 38 Be jar le°|e |S! °|aslael|ae|*s 1 Jan. Portsmouth. | 41° | Dans Plymouth. 43° 3 5, 52° 4 ,, Plymouth to| 53° 55 Gibraltar. 56° 6 ” 50° U ” 49° Sire Gibraltar to] 45° Oise Malta. 45° OM 49° LS le ESKo ee ! Malte) <1l) dea 13 4, |) 56° Aes | Malta to 57° U5 55 Port Said. 59° is 2 | 61° 1 | 2° a . Suez Canal. ee a ee 69° 20 78° Dill eer: Suezto Aden.) 71° BP) on te 1 230m 74° Oy Aden. Woe WS 33 79° 26 ,, 80° PH ep Ue 1 a » || Aden to be Be cell Colombo. 79° 1 Bil 5 80° 1 Feb. 80° 2 ” 80° 2 Be tu 79° 2 fe) : Colombo. ie S Gare 81° 1 1 0 96 80° 1 By) al Be gh 81° 6 1 to) a 3) Colombo to eo 3 11 : Singapore. 9° 9 NO ate §2° 3 118} 5, 81° ay al 4 rest Singapore. 78° 1 Leal Peal 1 Ey j we Ly) ek Gir. USE Iba iL Ite ” | ] > 79° 2 (Sb pingeuers to 80° cat (9 ong Kong. | jo 3| 3 20, 76° i) Ml 5. 70° 3B 1 | Opi 65° 1| Day 5, 69° | 1 2 | 2A Oz 1 1 DES oe 65° Dulane Be a | Hong Kong. ae | i ee | 6y° 2| 4 | 1 Mar. G72 | 2) 2 2 | oe 65° 2 | 1 | Sea ll 65° 2] 2 2 ——eE—— Sao, et Se eS | a == | 1 | 1 | 51 a 15 | as a 4 8 a} aeadilasled | Date, oe |£8| 22/85/82 |ad|ea| 2 | 22] se | Position of Ship. | 8 | 32/88 /8S/852/83/45/45/34/ 35 | 1891 ear ae es EE Fie ag Be BS oe Be Ba | oe 1) Fg WS WE ee Oe SG ELC I Brought | over.. 1 IL wil || Bi0) 15 ae 4 Mar ) 66° | 3 1 1 Do yy Hong Kong.| 67° 4 |, 2 3 Ceitcaci| 66° 3| 3 2 | (ee as 66° 5 1 1 i ; » 73° 2 3 | ” 80° Qe 7 1 I 10 Ree Kong | g90 2] 2 5 11 ONingapore.| 790 2 4 | | 1D. os 82° 2 1 I UG) 55 J 83° 3 3 | ee bp Singapore. | 81° 2 es | ise 82° 1 ty, A ' 16_,, 82° 1 ho | 8) i IN ss Singaporeto| 83° | 2 1 3 { 18 _,, Trincomalee.| 83° i |B i 19 ” 82° i 5 Ui i 20°, 82° 5| 8 | 2, 82° 1 5| 2 it 22s, Trincomalee.| 83° Bl. I 23°, 84° 3 3 4 ) 83° 7| 9 Hi 25, Colombo. | 85° @ | a it ome en 83° Blo i Oia 83° S|) 2 i PS) 84° 9 1 i) 29 ” 82° 7 3 4: 30 ,, Colombo to | 82° 5 2 i! 3l ” Aden. iP 7 1 j 1 April 81° 3 it 2, 82° 8 1) 3 ” 82° 1 6 1) 4 ” Aden. 82° 3 i| 5 yy 83° 1 3 ij 5 r ue 1 5 f ° 4 8 ie Aden to Suez. Oe p | Os 5 73° 3 | 10 ,, ae 3 / ll ,, Suez Canal. | 95° dN A i 12 ,, Port Said. 78° ii 3}. 64° 3 i ee Port Said 638° 1 ti IS to Malta. | 59° 16 Ps 59° ly 60° 18 ” Malta. 60° TO, 66° HO. 6 60° 21 ° 92 2 Malta to ae 7 23 2 Gibraltar. 60° 1 9 v4 62° 25 _,, Gibraltar. 64° 1 26 ,, 62° 1 27, 59° 28 Gibraltar to 56° 29 i Plymouth. 54° a) 50° 1 May | Plymouth. 58° Des Portsmouth. 54° Totals} 2 il 1 | 81 | 49 1 |135 | 94 i 4 : TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—paRT iv. (DEC.) 2m Hy 506 Mr. G. F. Mathew on the effect of change of From the foregoing table it will be seen that (1), Eupi- thecia absinthiata was the first to make its appearance, the first specimen emerging on the 22nd January, our fourth day in the Red Sea, and twenty-first from England, the average temperature on that day being 77°. This species was peculiarly affected, the greater number of them emerging in the hottest weather, be- tween the 10th and 380th March, after which they con- tinued to appear at intervals up to the 26th April, by which time the ship had reached Gibraltar on her way home. But, strange to say, between the 7th and 13th May, while we were at Chatham, fourteen more appeared. The weather was then bright and warm. (2). Hadena chenopodit appeared on the 27th January, and from that day until the 21st March they continued to emerge nearly every day, the greater number, how- ever, appearing between the 2nd February and the 11th March, the increasing temperature seeming to affect them more rapidly than any of the other species, although one remained over, and did not hatch until the 7th May, at Chatham. (8). Teniocampa stabilis. Strange to say this species, which one would naturally expect to be the first to feel the effects of an increased temperature, did not put in an appearance until the 7th February, the day after the ship left Colombo, when the average temperature was 80°, and after the ship had been nearly three weeks in tropical weather. (4). Hadena oleracea was not so quickly affected as chenopodii, the first emerging on the 7th February, and the second on the 18th, from which time they came out daily until the 16th March, after which date no more appeared. (5). Teniocampa cruda was still more remarkable than stabilis, as the only specimen bred did not appear until the 14th February. (6). Hupithecia centaureata. A single example only - appeared on 9th March. (7). Eupithecia subnotata was not affected by the in- crease of temperature until the 18th March, the day before we arrived at Singapore on our way home, when the first specimen appeared. From this date they emerged almost daily until we reached Gibraltar on the 25th April, and one remained over and came out at Chatham on the 21st May. climate upon certain species of Lepidoptera. 507 (8). Mamestra brassice. I had not more than half-a- dozen pupe of this species, and only two of them emerged, and the same day, the 17th March, on our homeward voyage between Singapore and Trincomalee. This is a moth I should have thought would have been earlier affected. (9). Pelurga comitata. I obtained about four dozen larve of this species feeding upon Chenopodiwn at Chatham in September, 1890, but not a single moth appeared during the cruise, and I imagined that the pup had all perished. However, on the 11th August, at Sheerness, a fine female emerged. The larve were fed up in a large wide-mouthed bottle, and on the 6th September, as I required the bottle for other larve, I shook out the contents, and was surprised to find over two dozen healthy-looking pup, which evidently intend to lie over to next season. I may add that we left Sheerness on the 14th August for Bermuda and Halifax, where we had some hot weather, and returned to Ports- mouth on the 25th instant. The number of species experimented upon were not sufficient to enable any important conclusions to be drawn, although it would appear that a tolerably quick change from a very cold to a very warm climate induces early hatching; but that different species are differently affected, Hupithecia and Hadena, for instance, appearing before T'eniocampa, and Pelurga* being in no way influenced. It is an interesting subject, and I hope to be able to carry out experiments on a larger scale during the coming winter. * Since this paper was written the following note has been received from Mr. G. F. Mathew :— H.M.S. ‘ Tyne,’ Portland, Oct. 2nd, 1891. My dear Sir,—Since I sent that little paper I have bred two Pelurga comitata, one on 80th September, the other on Ist inst., from the larvee found thirteen months ago. They are very eccentric in their manner of appearance. Perhaps you would kindly add a footnote to my paper, and oblige yours, in great haste, H. Goss, Esq. GERVASE F. MaTHEw. 2m 2 pak ae & F Ite #! ath i ages I tal (ive Bitty TK: @509)%) XXII. Descriptions of new species of holophthalmous Ascalaphide. By Roserr McLacutan, F.R.S., &c., Treasurer, Ent. Soc. Lond. [Read November 4th, 1891. | Tue species herein described are as follows :— Ptynx furciger. Arizona. Campylophlebia (n. 2.) magnifica. Cameroons. Idricerus Elwes. Darjeeling. Idricerus japonicus. Japan. Idricerus (2) Albardanus. Mesopotamia. Four of these are in my collection; the other has been obligingly communicated by Mr. Herman Albarda, of Leeuwarden. The generic term Cormodes, McLach. (preoccupied), is changed to Allocormodes. Ptynx furciger, u. sp. Antenne yellowish-brown, paler at the base of each joint and before the club, which is blackish-brown, paler in the concave portion above. Head above blackish, with broad yellow eye- margins, clothed with dense blackish-cinereous pilosity; face wholly pale yellow, with whitish-yellow pilosity; mandibles shining piceous at the tips; palpipale yellow, the terminal joint more testa- ceous; back of head pale yellow. Eyes blackish, finely reticulated with cinereous. Thorax blackish above, with blackish-cinereous pilosity, and two subparallel distant yellow longitudinal bands ; sides and pectus very densely clothed with hoary white silken pilosity ; some yellow spots under the wings. Legs clothed with hoary pilosity, tibie and tarsi with black spines; femora black, yellow at the apex; tibie yellow, fuscescent internally ; tarsi and claws piceous. Abdomen slender, slightly shorter and more robust in the 2; colour more or less cinereous: in the J the 2nd and 8rd segments above are clothed with dense straight outstanding cinereous hairs, and at the end of the third segment there is a narrow semi-erect yellow dorsal valve or process (about 2 mm. long), concave beneath, narrow at the base, widened at the apex, which is very deeply notched or slightly furcate; on the 4th and TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—PaRT Iv. (DEC.) 510 Mr. R. McLachlan’s descriptions of 5th segments, and indistinctly on those succeeding, there is, above, a velvety black interrupted line on each side, and a similar trans- verse line at the end of the segments, interrupted in the middle; beneath, the basal segments are yellowish, with three shining black interrupted lines, and similar black semicircles at the segmental divisions ; apex above yellowish, and there is a pair of short, stout, yellow appendages, somewhat thickened towards the obtuse apices, and with strong black outstanding hairs; in the 9 the black velvety lines above are more defined and complete. Wings of the form and structure usual in the genus; vitreous, the subcostal area in- fuscated ; neuration black, radius and a few basal nervules whitish- yellow; pterostigma consisting of a small infuscate mark on thickened neryules (not strictly defined); 40—45 ante-pterostig- matical costal nervules, whereof the last 8 or 4 are often connected; post-stigmatical area with 4—5 oblique rows of cellules. Length of body, 831—32 mm. Expanse of wings, 80—85 mm. Hab. Arizona (H. K. Morrison). Three males, two females, in my collection. Of the same size and form as P. appendiculatus, F., and much resembling it, differing slightly in the costal area not being infuscate, and especially in the furcate process on the dorsum of the 8rd abdominal segment in the g, of which there is not a vestige in P. appen- diculatus. There is similarity in the colour of thorax, legs, and wings to P. juvenilis, McLach., from Texas. The single type of this has lost the abdomen; its size is so much smaller (exp. 70 mm.) that it can scarcely be the same. Moreover, in a letter received from Dr. Hagen soon after the publication of my ‘ Classification of the Ascalaphide,’ he gives a running commentary on the results of a comparison of that work with the materials in his collection, and says he possesses one ¢ of A. juvenilis from Texas, and makes no mention of the structural peculiarity in the dorsum of the abdomen, which he would certainly have done had it been present. CAMPYLOPHLEBIA,* 0. &. Wings elongate, broad, of nearly equal form, the posterior some- what narrower and shorter; the anterior excised at the extreme * In placing this genus in the Holophthalmi it is necessary to state that the eyes in the single type are badly crushed, but in one of them I can see nearly the whole of the basal circumference, and do not detect indications of any dividing line. new species of holophthalmous Ascalaphide. 511 base, not appendiculate, the anal angle not prominent; a broad, brown, blistered fascia occupying most of the apical portion of each wing, and a similar blistered mark at the end of the two cubiti, the neuration in these blistered portions being extremely dense, and composed of a multitude of minute cellules, neuration otherwise open; costal nervules in anterior wings not numerous, after the base arranged irregularly in pairs or threes; in both pairs of wings the ends of the longitudinal nervures where they enter the dark blistered portion are bent downwards in a sinuous manner, the lower branches of the sector radii, and the ends of the two cubiti, entering the inner margin nearly vertically, but very sinuous; the branch of the lower cubitus ill-defined: in the posterior wing the costal margin is slightly elevated before the apex (scarcely so in anterior). Antenne nearly two-thirds the length of the anterior wings, straight, simple; club gradual and elongate. Thorax very slightly hairy. Abdomen short, moderately stout. Legs short ; spurs of posterior tibizw scarcely longer than first two tarsal joints. The magnificent insect upon which this genus is - founded is amongst the largest of described Ascalaphide, being equalled only by some forms of Haploglenius. The foot-note indicates the bare possibility of its not being truly holophthalmous. In any case it forms a remarkable genus, on account of the blistered coloured portions of the wings, and the very dense reticulation and abrupt downward direction of the ends of the principal nervures in these coloured portions. Such ‘‘blistering ” occurs in the markings of some Myrmeleonide, Chryso- pide, &c., and is there, as here, accompanied by dense network, the physiological significance of which remains to be explained. Campylophlebia magnifica, n. sp. Antenne pale brown, the base of each joint yellowish ; club dark brown. Head (much crushed) cinereous (varied with black ?); a dense tuft of black hairs between the antennz; face yellowish (varied with black ?). Eyes bronzy black. Thorax cinereous above, with blackish spots on the lobes; beneath blackish, with yellowish spots on the sides below the wings; metasternum cinereous. Legs pale yellow; anterior tibiz blackish externally ; tarsi black; spurs and claws dark piceous; coxe and base of femora clothed with hoary hairs. Abdomen above brown, the greater part of the 2nd and 3rd segments, and a large space on the Ath, cinereous; beneath blackish, the anterior half of the 8rd 512 Mr. R. MeLachlan’s descriptions of segment yellowish-cinereous (the whole abdomen discoloured in drying). Wings vitreous with brown, mostly paired, oblong spots in the subcostal area in both wings, except towards the base; the apex occupied by a broad irregular brown blistered band, densely reticulated by whitish yellow, and bearing two large whitish spots on the apical margin, divided by a narrow prolongation of the dark band; a nearly vertical blistered brown line between the ends of the two cubiti on the inner margin, with a slight darker clouding out- side the apex of the line; subcosta conspicuously pale yellow, with black lines beneath the paired (or grouped) costal nervules ; neura- tion otherwise mostly black (except at the apex), but several of the longitudinal nervures, and their chief branches, are finely yellowish; pterostigma pale yellowish, with 5 or 6 furcate or bifurcate ner- vules: costal nervules about 40 in the anterior wings, the first eight regular, afterwards they are grouped in pairs or threes, with long free spaces between the groups (in the posterior wings this srouping is less defined) ; post-stigmatical area broad, occupied by about 6 rows of minute cellules ; about 6 rows (5 in the posterior) of somewhat irregular cellules between the lower cubitus and the inner margin; sector radii with two principal branches, but the upper is tri- or quadri-furcate. Length of body, 31mm. Expanse of wings, 115 mm. Length of anterior wing, 55 mm.; greatest breadth, 15mm. Length of posterior wing, 52 mm. Hab. West Africa (Cameroons, D. G. Rutherford). One 2 in my collection. ALLOCORMODES, new name. = Cormodes, McLach., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., Xi., p. 239 (1871) ; preoccupied by Pascoe in Coleoptera, Journ. of Entomol., i., p. 44 (1861). Idricerus Elwesti, n. sp. Antenne yellowish, narrowly annulated with black at the sutures ; club dark brown. Head black, with dense black villosity above, and between the antenne; face black; labrum yellow; palpi testaceous ; eyesbronzy. Thorax greyish-brown, slightly yellowish beneath, with blackish pubescence above, which becomes whitish on the pleure and breast. Legs reddish, base of tibie, and the tarsi wholly, black; spurs dark piceous, those on the posterior tibiz scarcely so long as the first two tarsal joints; claws dark piceous. Abdomen stout in the basal half, afterwards more slender to the apex, which is obtuse: colour above velvety black, with a piceous tinge ; beneath yellowish-ochreous in the basal half, with new species of holophthalmous Ascalaphide. 518 a broad central blackish longitudinal band, glaucous bluish in the attenuated apical portion. Wings vitreous; the inner margin dilated before the termination of the cubiti ; anal angle of anterior rounded, thickened, not followed by an excision: neuration rather open, blackish, but all the principal longitudinal nervures are yellowish ; pterostigma small, nearly vitreous, but with three yellowish nervules, of which the first is furcate; about 35 costal nervules before the pterostigma; post-stigmatical area with three rows of hexagonal or pentagonal cellules, those on the costal mar- gin the smallest; four rows of cellules between the lower cubitus and the inner margin. Length of body, about 35 mm. (distorted). Expanse of wings, 82 mm. Length of anterior wing, 39 mm. ; greatest breadth, 11mm. Length of posterior wing, 33 mm. Hab. Darjeeling (H. J. Elwes, July, 1886) ; one ? in my collection, kindly given to me by Mr. Pascoe. Agreeing in general form and structure with the typical I. decrepitus, W1k. It cannot be identical with the lost ‘‘ Ascalaphus (Haploglenius) obscurus,’’ Westw. (Cab. Or. Ent.), also an Indian species, which, according to the short diagnosis, should be very much smaller, differently marked on the body, and having the claws longer than the tarsi (in I. Elwestt they are scarcely longer than the last tarsal joint), &e. . Idricerus japonicus, 1. sp. Antenne blackish-piceous, the club deep black. Body black. Head above and between the antenne clothed with dense black pilosity, which becomes cinereous on the face; clypeus, labrum, and lower orbits yellow. Eyes bronzy (perhaps reddish or purplish in life). Thorax with black pilosity above, and cinereous on the sides and beneath (often nearly wholly cinereous in the 9). Legs shining black, reddish at the junction of femora and tibie; spurs of the posterior tibize as long as the first two tarsal joints. Abdomen glaucous beneath, with black segmental divisions; above it is black, with short concolorous hairs, and in some individuals there is a reddish mark at the sides of the basal segmental divisions: the abdomen is comparatively slender in the g\, but enormously stout in the 2 (perhaps only before the eggs are laid): in the 3 there are no prominent anal appendages, but the ventral surface ends in a small triangular plate. Wings having the costal and inner mar- gins nearly parallel, the anterior pair not appendiculated, but the anal angle is prominent ; vitreous, the subcostal area often slightly infuscated (in very adult individuals the wings are sometimes 514 Mr. R. McLachlan’s descriptions of wholly or in part tinged with fuliginous) : neuration black, network moderately dense: pterostigma small, well-defined, its outer side very oblique, dark brown, with 3 or 4 deep black nervules: 26—35 ante-pterostigmatic costal nervules in the anterior wings; post- stigmatical area broad, with three rows of regular angular cellules, of which the costal row is very small, and the others large (the lower the largest) ; 4—5 rows of cellules between the lower cubitus and the inner margin in the anterior wings, 3 in the posterior. Length of body, 29—34 mm. LExpanse of wings, 72—90 mm. Length of anterior wing, 34A—42 mm. ; greatest breadth, 8—10 mm. Length of posterior wing, 28—35 mm. Hab. Japan (Pryer, Lewis, éc.), where it is appa- rently very common. I have ten examples of both sexes before me, and have seen many more. This may be considered quite congeneric with the typical I. decrepitus, Walker ; the spurs of the tibiz are slightly longer, and the post-stigmatical area is broader (it contains only two rows of cellules in J. decrepitus and I. sogdianus). Idricerus (2) Albardanus, u. sp. (Antenne wanting). Head above fuscescent, with obscure paler spots, clothed with dusky cinereous pilosity, and a tuft of whitish hairs between the antenne : face yellowish-grey, a fringe of long curved fuscous hairs on the clypeus; palpi concolorous with the face. Hyes black, densely reticulated with grey, the reticulation coarser and more open in the lower portion. Thorax fuscous, densely clothed with dusky cinereous pilosity above, which becomes almost white on the breast and beneath; above are indications of yellowish markings, especially on the scutellum of the meso- and meta-nota. Legs pale yellow, with long dense whitish hairs on the femora, becoming mixed with blackish on the tibie ; tarsi faintly annulated with brownish at the extremity of the first four joints ; spurs and claws testaceous Abdomen slender, blackish, sparsely clothed with short blackish hairs; above, the segmental divisions (except in apical portion), and the base of segments 4—6, are yellowish white, and beneath, the apical half of segments 3—4 is of the same colour: on the dorsum of the abdomen, segment 3 is produced at the apex into a semi-erect, narrowly triangular acute valve-luke process, which is concave and pale yellowish if viewed from behind, viewed in front it is fuscescent, densely clothed with black hairs, with pale yellowish margins and apex ; apex of abdomen with black spinose hairs; no prominent anal new species of holophthalmous Ascalaphide. 515 appendages. Wings uniformly dark fuliginous, darker towards the base, with slightly brassy reflections in certain lights; pterostigma small, but conspicuously whitish, traversed by 3 or 4 dark ner- vules: neuration black, the whole of the transverse nervules mar- gined with smoky blackish; about 85 costal nervules before the pterostigma in the anterior wings; nervules of the post-stigmatical area (confused with the pterostigma) 6 or 7, long, curved, forked at the ends, with sparse cross nervules, forming transverse oblong cellules: a triangular tooth near the base of the inner margin of the anterior wings, sharply defined, narrow, veined, subobtuse, the base of the inner margin being deeply and semicircularly excavated before the tooth. Length of body, 36 mm. Expanse of wings, 69 mm. Length of anterior wing, 32 mm.; greatest breadth, 10} mm. Length of posterior wing, 29 mm. Hab. Mardin in Mesopotamia; one ¢ in the collection of Mr. Albarda, of Leeuwarden. When defining the genus Jdricerus in my ‘Classifica- tion of the Family Ascalaphide’ (Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., vol. xi.), I placed it, in the tabular synopsis, in a section in which the anterior wings are ‘‘ haud appen- diculate’’; but I had already shown that in at least one species of Haploglenius (ukewise holophthalmous) the wings are exceptionally appendiculate: in effect it is sometimes difficult to draw the line between what in some cases is only a prominent angle, and in others a tooth. I leave the insect doubtfully in Jdricerus. This is a very striking species from its coloration (in less mature individuals the wings are probably paler), and also from the process on the dorsum of the abdomen in the g¢, but approach towards, or modifications of, such a formation, are not uncommon in Ascalaphide, and nearly a parallel may be found in Ptynx furciger, p- 509, ante. re Mi ahalinel Me. vie i rel id own ie ccour ' oT nee Had Waa losin Hie! y anves wy cr alh LiL Me 4 vin ctl “mh — Gollan) XXIII. Descriptions of four new species of the genus Fulgora. By W. L. Disrant, F.E.S. [Read November 4th, 1891. ] PLATE XX. On returning from the Transvaal, among other insects which I found had been sent to me during my absence, I had the pleasure to discover four new species of the genus Fulgora, or the true so-called ‘‘ lantern flies,” de- scriptions of which I now beg to lay before the Society. Fulgora karenia, n. sp. (Pl. XX., figs. 2, 2a). Head and cephalic process, thorax above and beneath, and the femora, castaneous; tibiz, tarsi, and the abdomen above and beneath, pitchy; posterior margins of the abdominal segments and base of the abdomen above ochraceous. Tegmina black, thickly covered with the reticulated venation, which is ochraceous, and with the following ochraceous markings, viz., three macular trans- verse fasciz on basal half, followed by a transverse series of three small spots widely separated, a broad transverse fascia near apical area, between which and apex are a few small scattered spots. Wings very pale bluish, the apex and outer margin, narrowing to anal angle, very broadly black. The cephalic process is long, slender, unicolorous, or very faintly paler at apex, which is not thickened, and concavely ascendant. Long. from eyes to apex of abdomen, 25 millim. Cephalic process at angle from eyes to apex, 20 millim. Exp. tegm., 84 millim. Hab. Burma, Karen Hills (Doherty). This species is allied to the Bornean F.. intricata, Walk., from which it differs by the longer, more slender, and not apically thickened cephalic process, and by the broad transverse fascia near the apical area of the tegmina. Fulgora pythica, n. sp. (Pl. XX., figs. 3, 3a). Cephalic process green, minutely spotted with creamy white, its apex ochraceous; thorax above and beneath, legs, and abdomen TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—PART IV. (DEC.) 518 Mr. W. L. Distant’s descriptions of above, dull obscure castaneous; abdomen beneath pitchy. Tegmina with the basal half blackish, thickly covered with the reticulated venation, which is ochraceous, remaining tegminal area wholly ochraceous; the dark reticulated basal half containing four trans- verse series of obscure darkly margined spots, followed on the ochraceous area by a transverse series of six small but very prominent white spots, the lower two of which are somewhat fused; apical area with scattered pale spots. Wings bluish green, the apex and outer margin, narrowing to the anal angle, very broadly black. Long. from eyes to apex of abdomen, 25 millim. Cephalic process at angle from eyes to apex, 19 millim. Exp. tegm., 84 millim. Hab: 2. This species is allied to F. pyrorhyncha, Don= F. amplectens, Atkins, from which it differs by the shorter and more slender cephalic process, and by the transverse series of white spots to the tegmina. As this species is figured, I describe it, though un- localised, a course I should not have otherwise pursued. Fulgora effusa, n. sp. (Pl. XX., figs. 4, 4a). Cephalic process dark ochraceous, its apical half olivaceous ; thorax above and beneath, and legs, dark ochraceous; abdomen pitchy brown. Tegmina dull ochraceous, thickly covered with the reticulated venation, which is pale stramineous; on basal two- thirds of tegmina are four transverse series of pale creamy spots, and some ten small spots of the same colour are scattered on the apical area. Wings bluish, with the apex and outer margin, narrowing to anal angle, very broadly blackish. The cephalic process is distinctly constricted a little beyond middle, and is then thickened and ascendant. Long. from eyes to apex of abdomen 20 millim. Cephalic process at angle from eyes to apex, 12 millim. Exp. tegm., 70 millim. Hab. Borneo. This species is somewhat allied to F’. whiteheadi, Dist., from which it differs by the more dilated apex of the cephalic process, and by the bicoloration of the same. The transverse pronotal fascia in [’. whiteheadiis absent in I’. effusa, and the colour of the spots and ground surface of the tegmina is also different. four new species of the genus Fulgora. 519 Fulgora bullata, n. sp. (Pl. XX., figs. 1, 1a). Cephalic process black, with its base pale greenish ochraceous ; head and thorax above pale greenish ochraceous; pronotum with three black spots, the central largest and somewhat duplex ; meso- notum with two central black spots on anterior margin, two black spots on each lateral margin, and a similar spot at apex; abdomen above black; face, rostrum, sternum, and coxe ochraceous; legs red, bases and apices of anterior and intermediate tibiz, apices of posterior tibie, and the tarsi, black; abdomen beneath black, the apex and posterior segmental margins ochraceous. Tegmina greenish ochraceous, an irregular transverse fascia beyond centre, and the apex pitchy, the first containing six, the last some eight ochraceous spots, the basal area somewhat thickly covered with small black spots, and with scattered rounded and black margined spots. Wings bluish green, with the apex broadly black, the posterior margin narrowly of the same colour, and with discal black streaks and patches. The cephalic process is slender and almost perpendicular. Long. from eyes to apex of abdomen, 12 millim. Cephalic process at angle from eyes to apex, 6 millim. Exp. tegm., 44 millim. Hab. Burma, Ruby Mines (Doherty). This species is allied to F’. gemmata, West., from which it differs by the black and perpendicular cephalic process, and the different colour and pattern of the tegmina. EXPLANATION OF Puate XX. Fic. 1. Fulgora bullata ; 1a, cephalic process. 2. ep karenia ; 2a, $3 3. A pythica; 3a, 5 4, a effusa; 4a. 5 As it) ae ir FHA en: 3 ba a pid oa ovis Tuy oo furb aa ni r ey we . go { th 5 NS nee ea f. satu itt ft hie Rnavaaadao ~ a rane backs oi dongs Buena aie svat tool aad ait) } fertile : eS he sie pehim: r: fy i 2 ho voent opin 4007 - "Soe (2 52bats) XXIV. On the South American species of Diabrotica. Appendix. By Cuaruzs J. Ganan, M.A., F.E.S., Assistant in the Zoological Department, British Museum. |Read November 4th, 1891.} Tue following list contains the names of species, a few of which, through oversight, have been omitted from the lists given by Mr. Baly and myself, but the great majority of which have been reserved for treatment in this Appendix. It can be readily understood that many of the older descriptions, either from their brevity or their want of structural detail, do not admit of the exact determination of the species upon. which they were based. The difficulty becomes all the greater in a group like the present, in which many of the species have the closest resemblance in colour and markings, but differ by structural characters, such as the relative lengths of the joints of the antenne, the form of the tibie, the punctu- ation of the elytra, &e. These descriptions are in some cases, however, sufficiently detailed to enable me to give the position of the species with a near approach to accuracy. Some of the names must take priority of those given by Mr. Baly, who had probably been unable to see the original descriptions. Where the name of a species is not followed by a note, it may be understood that I could-not form any conclusion as to its identity. D. abdominalis, Jacoby, Cist. Ent., ii. (1879), p. 525. (Sect. 2. Probably nearest allied to D. dim- diata, Baly). Peru. D. abr upta, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth., i., p. 453; Oliv., Ent., vi., p. 653, t. 4, fig. 68. (2 =D. confra- terna, Baly. Sect. I No. 104).* Amer. mer. * The number after a species signifies that it bears that number in camer Mr. Baly’s paper on the species of Section 1, or my paper on the species of Section 2. TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1891.—paRT Ivy. (DEC.) 2N 522 Mr. Charles J. Gahan on the D. admirationis, Oliv., Ent., iv., p. 654, t. 4, fig. 69. (Probably a variety of D. scripta, Oliv. Sect. 1, No. 9)." Guiana. D. ambitiosa, Erichs., Wieg. Archiv., 1847, i., p. 166. (Probably near D. Hrichsoni, Baly. Sect. 2, No. 30). Peru. D. amplexa, Erichs., 1. c., p. 168. Peru. D. angulicollis, Erichs., Schomb. Reis. Guyana, iii. (1848), p. 577. (This is one of the many varie- ties of D. 10-guttata. Oliv., Sect. 2, No. 763 it may be open to question whether Baly’s deter- mination of the latter species is correct). Brit. Guiana. D. atriventris, Jacoby, P. Z.S., 1880, p. 606. (Sect. 2. Nearly allied to D. divisa, Baly, No. 186). Ecuador. D. basalis, Jacoby, l.c., p. 605, pl. 55, fig. 8. (To follow D. divisa, Baly. Sect. 2, Species No. 136). Ecuador. D. biplagiata, Fauv., Bull. Soc. Linn. de Normandie, v. (1861), p. 324. (Appears to resemble D. scripta, Oliv. Sect. 1, No. 9). Cayenne. D. bivittata, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth., i., p. 455. (This species appears twice, under Diabrotica, in Gemm. & Harold’s Catalogue ; first as a distinct species, and subsequently as a synonym, of pal- lipes, Oliv. But it cannot be identical with the latter, since it is described as having smooth elytra). Cayenne. D. conciliata, Krichs., Wieg. Archiv., 1847, i., p. 167. Peru. D. cyanipennis, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth., i., p. 451. Brazil. D. decolor, Erichs., J. c., p. 167. Peru. D. dorsonotata, Fauy., Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm., v., p. 824. (2=Cerotoma arcuata, Oliv.). Cayenne. D. ebrea, Fabr., Mant. Ins., i. (1787), p. 89; Syst. Eleuth., i., p. 459; hebrea, Oliv., Ent., vi., p. 656, t. 5, fig. 72. (?=Neobrotica niqro- guttata, Baly, Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., p, 243). Cayenne. D. fasciata, Kirsch., Berl. Ent. Zeit., xxvii. (1883), p- 200. (Sect. 2. Comes nearest to D. imi- tans, Jacoby, according to Kirsch.). Ecuador. D. fiava, Oliv., Eneyel. Méth., vi. (1791), p. 586; Ent., vi., p. 618, t, 2, fig. 16. (2? Diabrotica). Surinam. D. flavonotata, Jacoby, P. Z.S., 1880, p. 604, pl. 55, fig. 7. (Sect.2. Probably near D. 10-guttata, Oliv.). E, Ecuador, South American species of Diabrotica. 523 D. gracilenta, Erichs., l.c.,p.166. (!=D. limitata, Baly. Sect.1. The name limitata had been previously used for another species of this genus ; see below. Peru. D. instabilis, Harold, Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ver., 1877, p. 111. Colombia. D. limitata,* Sahlb., Peric. Ent. Spec. Insect. (1823), p. 66, pl. 4, fiz. 2; sub. Cerotoma, in Cat. Gemm. and Harold. (=15-punctata, Germ. (1824). Sect. 1, Species No. 4). D. lucifera, Erichs., 1. c., p. 166. (Possibly a variety of D. elegans, Baly. Sect. 1, No. 57). Peru. - marginalis, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth., i., p. 454. Amer. mer, D D. marginata, Harold, Coleopt., Hefte xiii. (1875), p- 91. (Sect. 1. A very distinct and easily recognised species, which seems to have been accidentally cmitted from Mr. Baly’s list). Bahia. D.melanopa, Erichs., 1. c.,p.167. (=D. fulvescens, Baly. Sect. 1, No. 139). Peru. D. modesta, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth., i., p. 451. Amer. mer, D. nigroplagiata, Jacoby, P. Z.S8., 1880, p. 604, pl. 55, fig. 9. (Sect.2. Near D. divisa, Baly). Ecuador. D. pallipes, Oliv., Eneyclop. Method., vi., p. 590; Ent., vi., p. 633, pl. 3, fig. 39. (Sect.2. Pro- bably = D. Theimei, Baly. Species No. 10). Cayenne. D. peruana, Jacoby, P. Z.8., 1878, p. 151. (The description applies in most particulars to a species very closely allied to D. Hebe, Baly. In a variety of this species the elytra are entirely pale yellow). D. predita, Erichs., l.c., p. 166. Peru. D. prestans, Erichs., 1. c., p. 167. Peru. D. prodiga, Erichs., 1. c., p. 168. Peru. D. quadrimaculata, Jacoby, P. Z.8., 1880, p. 605, pl. 55, fig. 5. D. quadrilineata, Latr., in Humb. et Bonpl.,- Obs. de Zool., vol. ii., p. 69, pl. 34, fig. 10. (=D. albidovittata, Baly. Sect. 2, No. 5). D. quadrivittata, Latr., l.c., p. 25, pl. 31, fig. 12. (??=D. similata, Baly. Sect. 2, No. 16). D. quinquelineata, Latr., l.c., p. 70, pl. 34, fig. 11. (=D. alternata, Baly. Sect. 2, No. 56). ** D. litterata, Sahib., 1. c., p. 70, pl. 4, fig. 5. (=D. delineata, Jac., Biol. Cent. Am.). Mexico. 524 South American species of Diabrotica. D. rujicollis, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth., i., p. 452. Amer. mer. D. rufina, Erichs., 1. ¢., p. 168. Peru. D. sanquinicollis, Jacoby, Cist. Ent., ii., p. 524. (? Sect. 2). Peru. D. scapularis, Bohem, Res. Eugen., p. 179. Rio Janeiro. D. suturalis, Oliv., Encyclopédie Méthodique, vi., p. 591. (?Sect. 2. ‘‘Resembles D. vittata, Fabr., and D. pallipes, Oliv.”’). Cayenne, D. terminalis, Jacoby. Cist. Ent., ii. (1879), p. 525. (Sect. 2). Peru. D. togata, Harold, Col., Hefte xiii., p. 92. Peru. D. trifasciata, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth., i., p. 452. Amer. mer. D. variolosa, Jacoby, P. Z. S., 1878, p.151. (Sect. 1. “Allied to D. marginata,” and to D. chryso- plewra, Harold). Ecuador. D. varipes, Bohem., J. c., p. 180. (=D. perplexa, Baly. Sect. 2, No. 18). Rio Janeiro. D. zonata, Harold, 1. c., p. 91. . (This is a variety of D. adonis, Baly. Sect. 2, No. 85). Colombia. In D. sexplagiata, Jacoby, and D. nigroguttata, Baly, the claws of the tarsi are appendiculate. These two species have all the characters of Neobrotica. D. 12- signata, Baly, also has appendiculate claws, and must be removed from the genus. The following corrections must be made in Mr. Baly’s paper, ‘‘On the South American species of Diabrotica. Part I.” (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1890):— Page 48, under Species 85, for Ent. Soc. read Linn. Soc. P. 57, Species 100, for Diabrotica atrivittata read D. atrilineata. P. 58, Species 102, for atrilineata substitute atrivittata, and delete the reference, ‘‘Ent. Month. Mag., xxv., p. 252.”" P. 67, Species 117, after Hab. read Cayenne, instead of Brazil, Rio Janeiro. (The single type-speci- men is ticketed with the former locality). In the refer- ences in the same paper to Proc. Zool. Soc., 1889, for pp. 92, 93, 94, and 95, read respectively pp. 88, 89, 90, and 91. Trans.Hint. Soc, Lond. 1891. PL. J 1 | | | } ~S a ee Ye GT.B.del. West, Newman, hth. Genitalia of gynandromorphous roma mppia. Trans Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891. Pv. Al. 647.Mintern Bros. Chromo lith. T. A. Marshall dei. British Braconides & = Fic. EXPLANATION oF Prater III, - 3d Cacecia occidentalis, Wism. 3 Argyrotoxa tigrina, Wlsm. 3 A. flavicostana, Wlsm. 3 A. viridis, Wism. & Dichelia albardana, Snell. 2 Hudemis spissana, Z. 2 Hccopsis ? nebulana, Wlsin. 2 Penthina brevibasana, Wlsm. & Sericoris apicipunctana, Wlism. & Phecasiophora variabilis, W1sm. -. & P. basicornis, Wlsm. . 2 Phoxopteris oculifera, Wlsm. 2 P. falcata, Wism. - d Coptoloma dimidiata, Wlsm. - & Dichrorampha excisa, Wlsm. - & Simethis flavimaculata, Wlsm. . go Atychia albiciliata, Wism. 3 Phycodes punctata, Wism. * See correction on p. 131. Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond. 189. Pl Hl | | (er PWM trap Chromo. African Micro-Lepidoptera. ‘) eel gy 2 Sere Ay! air : a - ; . ‘ * oa ME cB Est 4 ae MOLT Ve ER of esd ff cP eakastnst Cire, Dia Wier ai ae ee ul tines Sait iy Wise, va fel jay ers I LOA yes} Nit pial ee ; B yiics At AMD ARS AN: perietn pordast ree Jy jnloe aquest oitel Vr AA Perey MG #2 ial PE BIAIEN NS “Rau tuing ee tele 383 jab ee ie a ay ~~ ah bed hi TA. : al 2 A Aah shad es ee oe a bane Aa) Bie te yy Se atts ts Tah A Lhe : tied WW eas | mere teed a ‘4 it tN eet teal ff ae BLAnT They ch wine eu Pe Fic. 19. 20. Die 22,, 23% QA, Ds 26. lle 28. 29, 9 [3) EXPLANATION OF PuatE IV. 3S Phycodes substriata, Wism. 2? P. albitogata, Wlsm. 3 Dissoctena affinis, Wlsm. 9 Autochthonus chalybiellus, W1sm. 3 Barbaroscardia fasciata, Wism. 3S Tinea zebra, Wism. 3g Adela cuneella, Wism. dS Nemotois humilis, W1sm. 9 Hyponomeuta puncticornis, Wlsm. 2? Gta cartert, Wlsm. 3S Gymnogramma hutchinson, W1sm. . 2 Gelechia hutchinsonella, Wism. 31. 33. 34, 35. 36. 2 G. palpigera, Wism. 3S Polyhymno cleodorella, Wism. 3 P.?2 tenwis, Wism. @ Strobisia metallica, W1ism. @ Brachycrossata marginata, Wism. & Odites natalensis, Wism. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. i899. Fi IV PWN Trap Chromo. African Micro-Lepidoptera. oft) {vr "y ii ye, ay EXPLANATION oF PuatE Y. Fic. 37. $ Odites carterella, Wlism. 38. 2 O.? enconspicua, Wlsm. 39. g Lecithocera marginata, W1sm. 40. 2 L. flavipalpis, W1sm. 41. § Tumyra extranea, Wism. 42. § Aptletria acutipennis, Wlsm. 43. 3 Ypsolophus gigas, WW1sm. 44, § Y. marmoratus, Wlism. 45. 2 Anorthosia fracticostellus, Wism. 46. g Nothris bryophilella, \\1sm. 47. g Megacraspedus suffusellus, W1sm. 48. 2? Anarsia agricola, Wlsm. 49. § A. inculta, Wlsm. 50. 3 Ide complanella, Wlism. 51. @ Depressaria inornatella, Wlsm, 52. 3 Philobota virgo, Wism. 53. 3 Glyphipteryx grapholithoides, W1sm. 54. 2 Laverna gambiella, W1sm. Oo DS FW. Frohawk dal. | | AJ Wendel lith. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 89] PLV PWN Trap Chromo. African Micro-Lepidopt era. sae wn AP ORME MOR RAAT RO. 5" ge ee Tee path Sao Ate. ey argh sce oe ee Tal ¥T ys ae 22 5 Bp : PEDAL FE" oe te Le eo aE wn Ld\geraea ae eee tae ee Cis eee Me he ; ee ie Barter 1: jh aw titi CA satin Sess: Rieiod FE eres ae BAS me Sinal Wied Rrra aaa Se sahil j eilnd cil @ Seapoin yes * ¢ foe Fie. 55 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. EXPLANATION OF Puate VI. . 2 Laverna quinquecristata, W1sm.* 3S Stagmatophora fasciata, W1sm. — 3 S. distincta, Wlsm. & Pyroderces simplex, Wlsm. 3S Stathmopoda maculata, W1sm. & S. crassella, Wlsm. & S. divisa, W1sm. @ Butalis subeburnea, W1sm. 3S Blastobasis irroratella, Wism. 3 Cosmopteryx cognita, Wlsm. & Zarathra muricicoma, Wism. 2 Gracilaria punctulata, Wism, o G. apicistrigata, Wlsm. 3o G. bifasciata, Wism. 3 Microthauma metallifera, W1sm. 3 Licmocera lyonetiella, Wism. 3S Oxymacheris niveocervina, Wlism. & Micropostega eneofasciata, W1sm. * This figure is not satisfactory, the shining pale ochreous raised tufts being wrongly represented by the use of gold [Wlsm. | F.W Frohawk del. AJ Wendel lith. ~ Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891. PI. VI PWM ‘Trap Chromo. Afriean Micro-Lepidoptera. he? Seer Satie ec ae ee ne any Un: ai tcath cee! Bo Rah YT pei eA Heit Qala b Le FP Pe aid Satr at LS a ‘ i iat évinn O Tagiaay Pe winged 4 al me Wrath ete i Nene ie A v ms = ptm a4 & er ee 4 " ibybaat ae MPS SO eh a Lae a Py eB - UR oe» Ve he 1 n "1 EILEEN ELE eeCH era hes ee Tt spa he y USER ray z } BS ie ar ste, win & Sn Sig he cashed A cami vi aye 4 teK baa mie Pil 4 r d 7 a peaches pete Lesh wie hye} », < ee ck A eee aiciay at an pikes ath i 4 sa f ries? Witeis bend it: ' Poe ak A ae m, a te oe, pataieeit oh ner e, a) pea ean ‘ere ® a int Beast: aaa) ag a i si : ee a ee x ‘ TPA Perv ty ate) ee fe ia ; bs ; * 85. * 86. * 4 87, * $ 88. * + 89. * +90. EXPLANATION oF Prats VII. . Setomorpha rutella, Z., 2; a head, b fore wing, ¢ hind wing. . Autochthonus chalybiellus, Wism., 2; a head, 6 fore wing, e hind wing. . Scalidonua horridella, Wky., 3; a head, b fore wing, c hind wing. . Barbaroscardia fasciata, Wism., f; a head, 6 fore wing, c hind wing. . Gymnogranina hutchinson, Wlism., g; a head, b, fore wing, ¢ hind wing. . Polyhymno luteostrigella, Chamb., g (United States) ; a head, 6 fore wing, c hind wing. Strobisia metallica, Wlsm., #; a head, b fore wing, c hind wing. . Odites natalensis, Wlsm., ¢; a head, 6 fore wing, ¢ hind wing. . Idiopteryx obliquella, Wlsm., $; a head, 6 fore wing, c hind wing. Apiletria acutipennis, Wlsm., $; a head (side), b head (front), c palpus, d fore wing, e hind wing. . Timyra extranea, Wism., ¢ 2; a head g, 6 palpus g, c head 9, d antenna g, e antenna 9, f fore wing, g hind wing, / hind leg #, 2 hindleg 9. . Anorthosia fracticostella, Wism., §; a head, 6 fore wing, c hind wing. Ide lithosina, Z., 2? (United States) ; a head, 0 fore wing, c hind wing. Cryptolechia straminella, Z., $; @ head, 6 fore wing, c hind wing. Microthauma metallifera, Wism., g; a head, 6 fore wing, c hind wing. Licmocera lyonetiella, Wlsm., #; @ head (side), 6 head (front), c fore wing, d@ hind wing. Oxymacheris niveocervina, Wlsm., 3; a head (side), 6 head (front), ¢ fore wing, d hind wing. Micropostega eneofasciata, Wlsm., $; a head (side), b head (front), ¢ fore wing, d hind wing. ** = drawn from type of genus; +—drawn from type of species. The figures are all enlarged. no. Hartley Durrant del. FW.Erohawklith. Trans. Eink. Soc. Iejoravel, Mcygi, Jel VIL West,Newman,imp. African Micro-Lepidoptera. // 17 LAGS } / ld Lond. 1897. Trams Hint. Soc. = - = = — a SSDS Ne ting . ¥ é sili] \ a ee EERE —— = = - —— ee Ti a ae SI et West Newman imp MC. Moore del.et hith. S.Indian Moths. dos ry TOC = . 7 7 T)) 7 Trans. tint. Soe. Lond. 6A. FUL‘ ae ‘ 4 14 | ye pi Vi FW.FProhawk delet hth. i : ie West, Newman chvouro Varieties caused by temperature. = 2 ae ly *. ] [ Lond, 1891 16 West, Newman amp. W.Purkiss del.etlith New Species of Hypochrysops. | Trans ting. Soe. Lond .1891. PL XI. i] }) i) | 9 i i | i" 4 17 ia iH 11] 11) 11 \| ji; i ti 11 } | {ii 1 vie {| - ! He { ’ | He 4 W.Purkiss delethth. West, Newman imp New Species of Hypochrysops. # del Trans. Hint. Soc. Lond. 1891 PL XI! West, Newman chromo Lepidoptera from Madeira Tram Ein&é. Soc. Ih, ord. NEG JP, DSU, W.Purkiss del. et hth . West, Newman imp Additions to the Carabideous Fauna of Mexico. US ee, oa ee ee bie id Wrage. S00, Lone. 891 PU ALY West, Newman ump. W.Purkiss del et hth. Additions to the Carabideous Fauna of Mexico. Trans. Tint. Soc. Lond . 1897. PUXV. f if i A) us } F.H.Michael del.et hth Species of Xanthospilopteryx, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, PLXVI. ia et ie West, Newman lith. Fred Emock del. Life history of the Hessian fly. Prams. Ent. Soc. Lond. 18.97. Pu. XVIL 10. : 19. 20. Mintern Bros. del.et Chromo lth. Mimicry im Coleoptera Trans. Ent Soc.Lond. 1891. Pu. XVIL Mintern Bros. Chromo lith. | M.H.Fisher del.et lth. Prothoe belisama, (rowley. a PRIT SESE BOSR at PS PEO Se BEDE Sena Troms. Ent. Soc. Lond IG 9. PU.XIX. Mintern Bros. Chromo. _Lepidoptera from the Khasia Hills. F. C.Moore del.et ith New species ot the Genus Pulgora. West, Newman Horace Knight fennith. 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i CONTENTS OF PART III. PAGE XY. On a new species of Prothoé By Puinre Crowuny, F.L.8., F.Z.S8. 403 XVI. Notes on the Orthopterous family Mecopodide. By Wiuuram F. Kirsy, F.L.S., Assistant in the Zoological seo renon British Museum. B56 4 ve ie oe c -. 405 XVII. Note on Seis artocarpi, Westw. (Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1890, p. 649). By Prof. Joun O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.8., &e. 413 XVIII. On the South American species of Diabrotica. Part II. By Cuartes J. Gauan, M.A., F.H.S., Assistant in the pecleees Department, British Museum. -» 415 Proceedings ve a Me He ahs A an A XV—XXil NOTICH TO AUTHORS. 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Et Pie 8 -02°0 315 0 Third Series, 5 volumes (1862—1869) .......... 11°00 410 0 The Transactions for the year TSS Cee eet ere £00 Py 9 tS OORT sieieteniate De ZO 3 a; DSTO Ree ei ateleiele.s ects PRCA 2 5 0 99 tk) 1871 sees eeeeeese 1 5 0 39 23 1872 eeeeeesee eee 1 2 0 ” 9 USWA} 6 sue ba 5 4554 116 0 2 ” TSAR rmlelae ntelvie rele Paz 29 9? 1875 eeersecoseece 1 2 0 3 0 0 29 +h) 1876 eeeceeses “I 12 0 » ” LES a Re ss le 1 4 0 ” ” L878 eiejaraiett ater 4 100 015 0 ” a 1879 .... ae 12 016 6 os s TSSOin. cece 019 0 014 8 ~ TSS erie oteae ie = 116 0 1 A ee ” ” IS PERM bse : 110 0 L2G s % UeBy AGG Senne . a oe a A | Nee A: 99 99 1884 eseceeeeeeese 1 8 0 1 1 0 A 5 URSA A es Ss 2 6°>0 019 6 ip “5 ESSGtecme ee ee eect BiG 2:0 019 6 “5 USE 52H) eee A 1 ae a) 019 0 * , TESA ao. 5 cans 115 0 Lies 29 39 ASSO Le evseietere 116 6 1 7 6 aa a USO Gacacosde 16s 119 0 110 0 es “0 1891, Part I. . 013 6 010 0 D » 55: hoa Le iar 014 6 011 0 9 ” 30 1h vay ello tere te 0 3 0 012553 55a! 0 3 6 02 6 IV. Any single volume from 1850 to 1877 half- “price to Fellows. First Series, vol. v., is out of print. The other volumes may be obtained separately, also the following :— _ Pascoe’s ‘ Longicornia Malayana’ ........++% sila slevereue ela £119 O Baly’s ‘Phytophaga Malayana, Pt. 1, Apostasicera’... sot O LOAD 012 0 Saunders’ ‘ British Heterogyna & Fossorial Hymenoptera’ O 4 6 03 4 s ‘ Synopsis of British Hymenoptera,’ PartI. .. 0 6 O 04 6 Newport’s ‘ Athalia centifolie’ (Prize Essay) ........ Ore 010 The JournaL OF ProcrEpines is bound up with the Transacrions, but may be obtained separately, by Fellows, gratis; by the Public, price Sixpence per Sheet (16 pp.). THE PROPOSED General Catalogue of the Gnsects of the Aritish Isles. PUBLISHED BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Bald. s. d. 1. NEUROPTERA, by R. McLacunan, F.R.S.; 1870........ Tet) 0 9 11. HYMENOPTERA (Aculeata), by F. Smrrx; 1871 ..... Spel 6 09 11. HYMENOPTERA (Chrysididz, Ichneumonide, Bra- conide, & Evanide), by the Rev. T. A. MarsHatz, TGAS VE sHic2)5) MLS U2 + LOTT ciateiate ois pieeneta 1 4 0 Hs ABTS secre US tee 015 O ” ” USA Ae Sear 192.0 016 6 AA Ht TSS 0 ojos < cisinin wien 019 O 014 38 a = Ween Gabe se Bee = 116 0 Lea al ” ¥ ies PA BAGH Clie aon oe 110 0 1 9 29 1883 eooeeceeee eee 1 Tf 0 ul 0 3 x ns TSB ae ca eieleheieveecle 1 Wore rekcO % Ms SSD estan ots Lipson G 019 6 » ” TSSO se Co ce ceihielels DG iO 019 6 * - SST ietisiniaccin'eYotelels 1 4 6 019 0 He i ste oe oe8 Sbeor ae 115 0 PGs = 3 ete) os coc asc cone 116 6 1a e = ip USD ee sens k Seen A192 30 110 0 DS OM eam atin soto 116 0 sai fa Any ae veins from 1850 to 1877 half- panics to Fellows. First Series, vol. v., is out of print. The other volumes may be obtained separately, also the following :— Pascoe’s ‘ Longicornia Malayana’ ........... sogbaos £212 0 £119- 0 Baly’s ‘Phytophaga Malayana, Pt. 1, Apostasicera’.... 016 O 0: 12°50 Saunders’ ‘ British Heterogyna & Fossorial Hymenoptera’ 0 4 6 03 4 Le ‘ Synopsis of British Hymenoptera,’ PartI. .. 0 6 O 0; 4:56 Newport’s ‘ Athalia centifolie’ (Prize Essay) ........ Ox ao 0 1 0 The JournaL oF ProczEpines is bound up with the Transactions, but may be obtained separately, by Fellows, gratis; by the Public, price Sixpence per Sheet (16 pp.). THE PROPOSED General Catalogue of the Insects of the British Isles. PUBLISHED BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Si hewn Syh hee 1. NEUROPTERA, by R. McLacutay, F.B.S. ; 1870, salen eG haere Oa 9 11. HYMENOPTERA (Aculeata), by F. Sarre ; 1871 ...... ERO jy Ocoee 11. HYMENOPTERA (Chrysidide, Ichneumonide, Bra- conide, & Evanidz), by the Rev. T. A. Marsuay, NE Aa al Drs Pa Rey P-L s Gea Ce ak aaa a 2 0 1 vy. HYMENOPTERA (Oxyura), by the Rev. T. A. MarsHatt, AUUBE ASSL DS pL HB eae iss pyes eee prgesetee aise ky Sk : 0.9 v. HEMIPTERA (Heteroptera & Homoptera, Cicadaria and Phytophthires), by J. W. Dovctas & J. Scorr; 1876 1 0 0-9 CONTENTS OF PART YV. PAGE Proceedings and President’s Address .. ne te Ee +. XXxX1x—lil Title-page, List of Papers, Explanation of Plates, List of Fellows, Additions to Library, Index, &c. NOTICH TO AUTHORS. Authors of papers which are intended to be communicated to the Society, are requested to be good enough to send their names and the full titles of their papers, to the Secretaries, or one of the Secretaries, at least fourteen days prior to the date of the Meeting at which it is proposed that such papers shall be read; and such communications may be addressed to the Secretaries, either at the Society's Rooms, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W., or at their private addresses—H. Goss, Berrylands, Surbiton Hill, Surrey; The Rey. Canon FowLer, The School House, Lincoln. MEETINGS. OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Cuanpos Street, CavenpIsH SquaRE, W. FOR THE Session 1892—1893. Wednesday, February...) ./)ccinse sic s e's rearate gas GMOS SHAH Bom y 99 39 eo eeceeesee aoe sees e220 S2 Cees cose eoeO eo 24 es UND erie Ere iene are vattoa pcs ayce: alee ploiaim gic ebs By ope raie Nat etaver eka 4 AAW OCI BOLLS GO-GO D OD Gaprd DOO CETOOIErS OO HOO: hoe a Aprile re oS al aletcbovararsieya aia ora ieeteialaicionene isis ecioiore etait een a NDA Arr ie ie treve ioe sicioi ove lal ere a areleciacolevelcte nie cinimintal cle atkera cat elt 3 DUNS Lee Ee oR taal ic Gar a ge aan Ly a4 OREODER oleae ane eielhetoiois arene otto ratateieuchele/eetet eters Ce HA Horicarty o) 3 Wiovem beri cisicratveitarstapersactetsteiereleieisichelelelerareiete sieretetaslacoey tee ihe WCE DeIiala/esispsrolatciatalals Gi etecettjeloneleinial sfevetafereresicrers aicres cand 1898. a January (ANNUAL MEETING) \icte ccs. sseungeccs scenic lS The Chair will be taken at Szven o’clock in the evening precisely. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Founded, 1833. Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1885. COUNCIL for 1891. Freperick Du Cane Gopman, M.A., F.R.S., President. The Rt. Hon. Lord Watsineuam, LL.D., F.R.S. Professor RapHarL Menpona, F.R.S., F.C.S., &e. Vice-Presidents. Dr. Davin Suarp, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S. Ropert Mchacutan, F.R.S., F.L.S., Treasurer. Hersert Goss, F.L.S., F.G.S. The Revd. Canon Fowier, M.A., F.L.S. ls ecretartes Grorce C. Cuampion, F.Z.8., Librarian. EpwarD SAUNDERS, F'.1.S. Henry T. Sramnton, F.R.S., F.L.S. RicuarD Sout, F.E.S. Colonel Cuartes Swinuor, F.L.S. Grorce Henry VERRALL F.E.S. W. R. Hatt, Assistant Librarian. Fellows who have paid their Subscriptions for the current year, are entitled to receive the Transactions and Proceedings for the year without further payment, and they will be forwarded post free. The Library is open to Fellows and their friends every day from ONE to Six o’clock p.m. (and until Nin p.m. on Meeting nights), except on Saturdays, when the Library closes at THREE o’clock.. . NOTICE. The Subscriptions for 1892 were due on the Ist January, 1892. Fellows are requested to be good enough to pay their Subscriptions at the earliest opportunity. Post Office Orders and Cheques crossed ‘“ Robaris, Lubbock, & O©o.,” should be made payable to the Zvreasurer (Robert McLacuxay, F.R.S.), and may be forwarded to 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W., or to his private address— ‘‘ Westview,’ Clarendon Road, Lewisham, $.E. hy 1 mh PAN ny ih , 1 { ee U Mien ty ) Aye on Pay 5 bagel MDX ee ‘)) AA A tamed a NR AAI 3 2044 106 278 013 aie Ya