ey yee ey, iN Da Yuoas wey h ee Cae a 4 Cut Vi ; wrth teats ea atatale yiicacg syst in ie ck \ i ; Nan NAG att PO AR a aes ‘ : i A f pen 4 i § Wy ala Vy “ha wens Shh en Genta NN aia (est i Mi Co Aa ti. NAS oO wey Saye WW hoe a 4 SA VG Ay OD ay ” LARA hog ed Ltt tw eS i} Vek Maen i Via as aati 4: ” UR a NS os v ‘ \ CAPONE a sy Y Auer Ast Ai , i o\\~ «° nonsoo dens aoscubDdDLosDC atoleyelel fe IS WD ESVIGNESSPEISC}o) diele!elel|stoyekel=l-fehe) a) s AOS oat are Sah 5 5 Wig 1s Vine, JISC” gonocspaooncde nooo Db CO doDe Ce asaeue Die he He Seninaeley Regist 028 che Sait. undone eOR aes, asta’ ellen Megahers Uf \Woltipan@r, JIS So emonboocD0 So0duDDC De UI Od OoDUeaoRUE the Council. aJicia VVPACER OND MENS Qhaae tafettcialeforotene/s: tate) ae oust -iete lel istet ey sloietelol ore toievale dio do VAY RE BEG. cSdnbo obo dh OsoocadenuSH bo oD HRooednS SMUG SS Gem ete clot afeleloreletane|elototel ote sivlelelalevelevoroneierateleierelste - Curator. Library and Cabinet Committee. Messis. Desvicnes, Spence, SterHens, WaTernouse, and Wetr. a2 ~ TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Vol. I. Part I. 1834, with seven plates, price 7s. 6d.—to members 5s. 6d. Vol. I. Part II. 1835, with six plates, price 7s. 6d.—to members 5s. 6d. Vol. I. Part III. 1836, with eleven plates, price 10s. 6d.—to members 8s. Vol. II. Part I. 1837, with eight plates, price 8s—to members 6s. Vol. II. Part II. 1838, with four plates, price 4s. 6d.—to members 3s. 6d. Vol. II. Part III. 1839, with five plates, price 5s—to members 38s. 6d. Vol. II. Part IV. 1840, with five plates, price 6s.—to members 4s. 6d. Vol. III. Part I. 1841, with six plates, price 6s.—to members 4s. Vol. III. Part II. 1842, with two plates, price 4s. 6d.—to members 3s. 6d. Vol. III. Part Il. 1842, with four plates, price 4s. 6d.—to members 3s. 6d. Vol. III. Part IV. 1843, with four plates, price 6s. 6d.—to members 5s. Vol. IV. Part I. 1845, with five plates, price 6s.—to members 4s. 6d. Vol. IV. Part II. 1845, with four plates, price 4s.—to members 3s. Vol. IV. Part III. 1846, with four plates, price 4s.—to members 38s. (Vol. IV. Part IV. 1847, with six plates, price 5s.—to members 3s. 6d. _Vol. IV. Part V. 1847, with four plates, price 3s. 6d.—to members 2s. 6d. Vol. V. Part I. 1847, with two plates, price 2s. 6d.—to members 2s. Vol. V. Part II. 1847, with three plates, price 2s. 6d.—to members 2s. Vol. V. Part III. 1848, with two plates, price 2s. 6¢.—to members 2s. Vol. V. Part IV. 1848, with three plates, price 2s. 6d.—to members 2s. Vol. V. Part V. 1848, with two plates, price 2s. 6d.—to members 2s. Vol. V. Part VI. 1849, with one plate, price 2s. 6d.—to members 2s. Vs VV; Vol. V. Part VII. 1849, with four plates, price 3s.—to members 2s. Vol. V. Part VIII. 1849, with three plates, price 2s. 6d.—to members 1s. 10d. Vol. V. Part IX. 1850, with three plates, price 5s.—to members 3s. 6d. | The Journal of Proceedings of the Society, from the year 1840 to 1846, containing Abstracts of the Papers read, is printed for gratuitous distribu- tion amongst the members; and for sale to the public, price 1s. per sheet. Norre.—By the 15th Chapter of the By-Laws, English Members of the Society residing beyond fifteen miles from London, and not in arrear of the Annual Subscription, are entitled to receive the Transactions gratuitously, as well as the Foreign Members. Mr. G. Newrort’s Prize Essay upon Athalia centifolia, or the Black Caterpillar of the Turnip. With one plate. Price Is. CONTENTS OF VOLUME V. Officers of the Society for 1849 Price of the Transactions Explanation of the Plates Addenda et Corrigenda . Additions to the Library from the 1st January, 1847, to the 31st Decem- ber, 1849 . Additions to the Collections from 1st January, 1847, to 31st December, 1849 By-Laws of the Entomological Society of London, altered and adopted at a Special Meeting held on the 8th November, 1848 xi XV ] Journal of Proceedings from January, 1847, to December, 1849 . i—lxxxix General Index to Volumes I. to V. . VI. MEMOIRS. PEA ROT. §.. 1847. . On the Habits of the “ Drivers,” or Visiting Ants of West Africa. By the Rev. Tuomas S. Savace, M.D., &c.. . Description of the Driver Ants mentioned in the preceding Article. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., &c. . Descriptions of two new Goliath Beetles from Cape Palmas. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., &. . Description of a new British Moth. By J. W. Dovetas, Esq. . Description of a new Species of the Coleopterous Family Pousside, from India. By J. O. Wesrwoop, Esq., F.L.S., &c. . Description of another new Species of Paussus from India, with Notes of other additional Species. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., Fuls.5,5) ees AP Mee nak atts ED eae ck RAT, . 239 oe: vi CONTENTS. Page VII. On the Gall formed by Diphucrania auriflua, Hope, a Species of Buprestidc. By W. W. Saunvers, Esq., F.L.S. 27 Journal of Proceedings? . > .'sy “of «02° 2), ee = i PART II. 1847. VIII. Description of a new Species of Paussus from Southern Africa. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq, F.L.S.,&c. . . . 29 IX. Descriptions of some new Species of Exotic Cetoniide. By the Rev. F. W. Hors, F.R.S., &c. ° X. Descriptions of two new Exotic Species of the Genus Papilio. By J. O. -Westwoop, Esq., F-L.S.,&e. . . . . - » 36 XI. Description of some Species of the Lepidopterous Genus Oiketicus, from Ceylon. By Roserr Temp.eron, Esq., XII. Remarks on the Habits and Economy ofa Species of Ovketicus, found near Sydney, New South Wales. By W. W. Saunpers, 32 Bsq...e se Sh eeeeeee, Wako cos Pte enw meee XIII. Notes upon Ceylonese Lepidoptera. By Rosert Tempe- TON HSUs gO csp ce vel) sic ic oe. Seaman XIV. Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. By Captain Tuomas Hutton 45 Jopmalyor Rroceedinos® « padg. scoelem cee te atoMe ys) rang el NY, PART OI. 1848. XIV. Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. By Captain Tuomas Hutton == (COMEANUCEH): +" is.) ye ak S Batle Pa Be deals acta oumls eo eS XV. Descriptions of several new Species of Heleide from Australia. By the Rev. FW. Hore; F.RS.,.0ce5 om) wavs ol Gi. 52 XVI. Observations on the Spher figulus of Linneus (Tryporylon jigulus, Latr. Fab., &c.), and other Hymenoptera. By F. Smitu, Esq. Statens (is: Maier wc Sao er eee XVII. Description of Chetrotonus Parrii, a new Species of the Family Euchiride. By J. E. Gray, Esq., F.R.S., &e. . 59 XVIII. Notes on Aphides. By F. Wauxer, Esq. . . . . . . 60 XIX. Notes on the Natural History of Aphides. By Dr. H.Scuaum 62 XX. Two Decades of new Cetoniide. By Dr. H.Scuaum . . 64 Journalpot Proceedings..%). is. ty eluke ee) ome ea ee KVL CONTENTS. vil PART IV. -1848. Page XX. Two Decades of new Cetoniide. sei Dr. H. Scuaum— (continued) . «. - . . 69 XXI. Monograph of the British Sitios of te Genne Chry ‘ysopa. By W.. Bo Hivans, Esq. 5. 0 5. S5) cy eye os SEP: XXII. Description and Notes upon some new and rare Caper By J.. Fos. Parky, Esq.,)FE.S.- . . . 80 XXIII. Extract of a Letter from Capt. Tuomas ig in HL E.L.C., to. J. O: Weatwoon, eqs 2 05.)* 408 3) ee, eee 80 XXIV. Descriptions of some new Species of Mydaside from Western Australia. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S.,&ce. « - 87 XXYV. Descriptions of some new Exotic Species of Acroceridé (Vesiculosa, Latr.), a Family of Dipterous Insects. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S.,&c.. . . . . +--+ - 91 Journal of Proceedings. . . - 2. + + © + + « «© © «© ¢ © XXIX PART V. 1848. XXVI. Note on a Variety of Segetia Ae ssh J. W. Wouauas, Esqe sj = 5 OE XXVII. Sketch of the Genus Preibicssih peionanty to the Hemip- terous Family Scutelleride. By W.S. Datuas, Esq. . . 100 XXVIII. Description of some Species of Geometride from South America, forming a new Genus. By E. Dousiepay, Esq., Bal Srueia sa SOS seals. = dng Suet ge ie aire Journal of Proceedings 5. fu) -5 4) es he G) Sse es ee PARE VE, #849. XXIX. Descriptions of some i ace. British pent By Wi: Wine; Esq... “25. oop ls XXX. Extracts from a Paper by Zeller, published in ihe Rifioea Entomologica, Vol. 3, on the “ Leaf-mining Tinee, with Eye-caps” (Augendeckeln), with Remarks. - He Stamton, Esq. . . . « soy (on te 2 XXXI. On the Synonyms of Tinea festaliella of Hiibner. By H.T. STAINTON USdees eee of che ffs sce” a) vole yey yc ke XXXII. Descriptions of several new Species of Ce/oniide collected in India by Col. Hearsey, Capt. Boys, and W. H. Benson, ma By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S.,&c. - . . es XXXIII. On the Species of Depressaria, a Genus of Te and the allied Genera Orthotelia and Everetia. By H. T. STAINGON, DSGs cs 4 sls se) «8 1 ae eo WOR Vill CONTENTS. PART VII. - 1849. Page XXXIII. On the Species of Depressaria, Orthotelia, and Everetia —(CONGINUEE ite aR ee Fos | ME ee oem as te LOU XXXIV. On the British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. By. We Doucwas disqsa-s cs |: a. ener tc XXXV. Descriptions of some new Species of Coleoptera. By J. F. N.PARRY, Hsgi, PaliS.e es a ee! Ge eee te une XXXVI. Notice of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan (East Indies), with Descriptions of the new Species. By W. S. DALLAS, Hisgs5 S20. oy a pce ects eiiaeigsa s= 4 2 LOO Jourmalyof éProceedings | (05 Wie. fhe: Saasa aPelAteeiae tee Uotxlin PART VIL, 1849) XXXVI. Notice of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan. By W.S. Datuas, Esq., F.L.S.—(continued.) . . . . 191 XXXVITI. On the British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. By J. W. Douctas, Esq.—(continued.)}. . . . . . 195 XXXVIII. Descriptions of some new Exotic Coleoptera. By J. O. Winstwoop, Wsg., FALIS@&c...0a) 6 eae sys +e 202 Journalvof Proceedings, cw). +< ssae 5 couse. Wes fv ticl geet, tl Debcvii By-Laws altered and adopted at a Special Meeting held November 8, SSO Me ete ae cee nee vu See” us Se tow ta et ae eet PART IX. 1849. XXXIX. On some new Species of Erycina. By W. W. Saunpers, ISG Geb wise eel. eee eee ee en Eee ce sel XL. On a new Species of the Dipterous Genus Ceria. By IW. Wi. SAUNDERS, MEsGi sl SO. egies ie ilan ts 2 « 200 XLI. Diptera nonnulla Exotica descripta. By J.O.Wersrwoop, Isic, Seeds ee ol Dementia te Mer hs). oer oneie amen Generaleindexitow ols. o——Ve~ cy s usm sss 5 psu edie DumeEmeoe ContentsiofaViol. Vi, Mitles&c. 9s. eg. s+ 4 ie) eadeeo nee. pee Additions to the Library from Ist January, 1847 . . . . «w . . Xi Additions to the Collections from Ist January, 1847 . . . . . . XV SOUMMBL Ol PLOCCEEINES 4 civ ke ol 4s oi Vig a Re atuey aun ietlte eee KEY, EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. ———<-—— PLATE PAGE I. Smicorhina Sayii......ccecsercees Spodounccdcoooeanaose. Le) Megalorhina Harrisii .......+. oboe noo 0006 acloomogomond 20 UP Anchuyloperarsubvarcuanaicclereseieis)eiricyelels ee lclel ‘ ha 7 v hy, = rs a | r) ; iat ae i 7 . - 15 . F § "4 : * id 1 : a ; a , i ree | ree Crery, Ee-gwiey! . (hey cote yey Ve 7 MORON EE POED HITS OT BA OPPMIG A = ; : : : © Rete TY erp CARY) Pat) FRA niet if he ¥ ay a 7 a re laf ye ™ eT) dent @? mrt dele Pr) © ff | att wi vie ! ‘ g yah py: i 2h. Taly § iv x Alia We Gul iSy -7 jw Ra\F ‘ ’ ria. baie vs * ' H ST bee aS wed Ae eine tA a : a! ik Phe Pa, peter Me itd OE ce tale Le forts AY aes Rs Re ‘ F ali i eekig SP tees fuer ee = 7 ete ast an on ‘7 peti yee ay; Hine aN igh rtd Miaka ah [aah creek dene Vrday en et ane y ‘if. 218 GE hb a ae : ; abi pel \o v de.) Ange. ae aN wie e hel n enol Witte has os ot ‘wodtelt onl = " ME ee | actah ary sy) Wi Wa) c a8 wate = cau) vite “a i) wien HA) wy tet Lives ripe Eas . \ » LN y avingaiethen eV igireg dy. aan eae ‘ id a ‘ ih i ) ‘ 5 ov a \ iG € eae " ‘ = « Ar ‘ 0M ‘ ( = . > - igor 5 zm : 7 : ‘ + 6 , ’ 1 by s y . a, ’ aa = an : = th ed ~ ‘ » >: i - i 1 c : i ’ . a ; ae) ye 7 : yg - ‘ ni 1 - 7 ‘fa a» - ‘sj . ‘ ¥ i S 7 ae : J s BY-LAWS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF. LONDON; ALTERED AND ADOPTED AT A SPECIAL MEETING HELD ON THE 61H NOVEMBER, 1848. Cuap. I. Object. THE EnTomoLocicaAL Society oF Lonpon is instituted for the improvement and diffusion of Entomological Science. Cuap. II. Constitution. The Society consists of British and Foreign Ordinary Members and Subscribers, the number of whom shall be unlimited; of Foreign Honorary Members, whose number shall not exceed ten ; and of Foreign Corresponding Members, the number of whom shall be unlimited. Cuap. III. Management. The affairs of the Society shall be conducted by a Council, con- sisting of thirteen Members, to be chosen annually, four of whom shall not be re-eligible for the following year. Cuap. IV. Officers. The Officers of the Society shall consist of a President; three Vice-Presidents ; a Treasurer, who may be a Vice-President ; two Secretaries; and a Curator. Cuar. V. Annual Election of Officers. The President, Treasurer and Secretaries shall be elected annually out of the Council. The Vice-Presidents shall be nomi- BY 2, BY-LAWS. nated by the President, at the Meeting next after the Anniversary Meeting, from the Council. The President and two of the Vice- Presidents shall, however, not be eligible for re-election more than two years successively. ‘The Curator shall be appointed by the Council. Cuap. VI. President. The duty of the President shall be to preside at the Meetings of the Society and Council, and regulate all the discussions therein, and to execute, or see to the execution of the By-Laws and orders of the Society. Cuap. VII. Vice-Presidents. 1. It shall be the duty of a Vice-President, in case of the absence of the President, to fill his place, or of a Member of the Council then present in the absence of all the Vice-Presidents, who shall for the time being have all the authority, privilege, and power of President. 2. Ifno Member of the Council] shall be present at any Ordinary Meeting, the Members present shall nominate and appoint to be Chairman such Member as they shall deem fit. Cuap,. VIII. Treasurer. 1. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to receive for the use of the Society all sums of money payable to the Society, and to dis- burse all sums payable by the Society out of the funds in his hands. He shall moreover furnish the Society with a true and _ particular account of all such receipts and disbursements twenty-one days previous to each Anniversary. 2. No payment exceeding £5, excepting for rent or taxes, shall be made by the Treasurer without the consent of the Council. 3. The Treasurer shall keep a book of Cheque Receipts for admission fees and annual payments; each receipt shall be signed by himself, the date of payment and name of Member or Subscriber paying being written both on the receipt and on the part of the cheque which is left in the book. 4. The Treasurer shall demand all arrears of annual payment, after such payment shall have been due three months. 5. The accounts of the Treasurer shall be audited annually pre- viously to the Anniversary Meeting by a Committee of three Mem- BY-LAWS. 3 bers of Council, and three Members of the Society, to be appointed by the President, of which Committee three shall be a quorum. Cuap. IX. Secretaries. 1. It shall be the duty of the Secretaries to keep a list of all the Members of and Subscribers to the Society, stating their address, place of residence, &c. ; to produce to the Council all correspondence in any way connected with the Society at the next Meeting after such correspondence shall have been received, or taken place; to edit the Transactions and Proceedings under the direction of the Council, and to take care that the Proceedings are published and ready for delivery to the Members and Subscribers at a Meeting of the Society within six months after the entry of such Proceedings in the Minute Book has been confirmed. 2. Minutes of the Proceedings of Monthly and Council Meetings shall be taken by one of the Secretaries; or, in their absence, by any Member whom the Chairman may appoint for the occasion. 3. The Minutes shall be fairly copied by one of the Secretaries into a Minute Book, and at the next Meeting read aloud for con- firmation. Cuap. X. Curator. 1. It shall be the duty of the Curator to take care of the Library and Cabinets of the Society ;* to display, arrange, and class the insects, &c. A Catalogue of the Library shall be made, and a Catalogue of the insects contained in the Museum shall be kept by him, containing the names of the donors and the times and places of their capture, as far as practicable. 2. All Members of and Subscribers to the Society shall have free access to the Cabinets, at the time specified in the By-Laws, for the purpose of examination and description, excepting that if a Member, Subscriber or Stranger present specimens of new insects to the Society with manuscript names attached, specifying his in- tention of publishing the same, then no individual, whether Member, Subscriber or Stranger, shall during the space of twelve months publish any description or figure of such specimen. 3. No Stranger shall be allowed to see the Library or Cabinets unless in company with a Member or Subscriber, but a note addressed * The Curator is in attendence at the Rooms of the Society every Monday between the hours of Two and Seven o’clock, p.m., for the purpose of showing the Collections, &c. to Members and Subscribers, B2 4 BY-LAWS. to the Curator, Secretary or Member in attendance, shall be deemed a sufficient introduction, the Curator, Secretary or Member in attendance then acting as the introducing Member. 4. No Stranger shall be permitted to take away or to describe any insect, or to make a drawing of the same, except by special permission of the Council previously obtained. 5. A Book for Synonyms shall be kept by the Curator, and any Member making observations therein must sign his name to them. Cuap. XI. Library Regulations. 1. A Catalogue of the Library and MSS. shall be kept by the Curator, with the names of the Donors. 2. The Library and Cabinets shall be under the superintendence of a Committee, consisting of the President and four Members, who shall be elected by the Council at the first Meeting in February in every year, (three of whom shall be a quorum), and who shall render an Annual Report to the Council at the first Meeting in the following January. 38. No Member or Subscriber shall be allowed to borrow from the Library more than two volumes at one time, or keep in his pos- session the same longer than one week, without leave of the Curator. 4. If the Books are torn, injured, lost, or not forthcoming when demanded by the Curator, full compensation shall be made for the same by the borrower. 5. The Secretaries shall call in all books borrowed from the Library on the 5th day of January and Sth of July in every year ; and in case the same be not returned on or before the General Meeting of the Society in the following month, notice thereof shall be given by the Curator to the Council, who shall then direct a second notice to be sent to the Member or Subscriber retaining such books, and in case the same be not returned within the further space of four weeks from the date of such second notice, so sent, such Member or Subscriber shail in future be disqualified from borrowing books from the Library without the special permission of the Council. A printed copy of the Library Regulations shall be pasted in every work or volume in the Library. Cuap. XII. Election and Admission of Members and Subscribers. 1, Every Candidate for admission into the Society shall be pro- BY-LAWS. 5 posed by three or more Members, who must sign a Certificate in recommendation of him. 2. One of the three must have personal knowledge of the Can- didate. 3. The Certificate shall specify the name, rank, profession, quali- fications and usual place of residence of the Candidate. 4, The Certificate for Member having been read at one of the Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the Room, and the person therein recommended shall be balloted for at the second Ordinary Meeting after such reading. 5. The Certificate for Subscribers having been read at one of the Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the Room, and the person therein recommended shall be balloted for at the next Ordinary Meeting after such reading. 6. The Elections of Ordinary Members shall be void unless the admission fee shall be paid within twelve months after the date of their Election ; the Council shall, however, possess a discretionary power to extend the time of payment. 7. The method of voting for the election of Members and Sub- scribers is by Ballot, and two-thirds of the Members balloting shall elect. Cuap. XIII. Admission Fee. 1. The Admission Fee for Members shall be £2 : 2s., the Annual Contribution £1 : 1s.; and the composition in lieu of the Annual Contribution £10 : 10s. 2. The Annual Contribution for Subscribers is £1 : 1s., without Admission Fee. 3. The Annual Contribution shall become due on the first day of January in every year in advance; but any Member or Subscriber elected after the 30th of September will not be called upon for his subscription for the remaining portion of that year. Cuap. XIV. Withdrawing and Removal of Members and Subscribers. 1. Every Member or Subscriber having paid all fees due to the Society shall be at liberty to withdraw therefrom upon giving notice in writing to the Secretary. 2, Whenever written notice of a Motion shall be delivered to the Secretary for removing any Member or Subscriber, signed by the Chairman for the time being on the part of the Council or by five 6 BY-LAWS. or more Members, such notice shall be read from the chair at the two Ordinary General Meetings immediately following the delivery thereof, and the next following Ordinary Meeting shall be made a Special General Meeting and the Members summoned accordingly, when such Motion shall be taken into consideration and decided by ballot, whereat if a majority of the Members balloting shall vote that such Member or Subscriber be removed, he shall be removed from the Society. 3. Whenever any Ordinary Member of the Society shall be in arrear for five years in the payment of his Annual Contribution, notice thereof in writing shall be given or sent to him, together with a copy of this section; and in case the same shall still remain unpaid, the Treasurer shall give notice thereof to the Council, who shall cause the name of such Member to be read at the three fol- lowing Ordinary Meetings of the Society, together with a statement of the sum due by him for arrears; and at the fourth Ordinary Meeting the removal of such Member of the Society shall be decided by method of ballot, in like manner as is specified in the second section of this chapter. 4, Whenever the Annual Contribution of a Subscriber shall be in arrear one year, such Subscriber shall have his name erased from the List of Subscribers and cease to belong to the Society. Cuap. XV. Privileges of Members and Subscribers. 1. The Members have the right to be present, to state their opinion and to vote at all Meetings; to propose Candidates for admission into the Society ; to introduce Visitors at General Meet- ings of the Society, and to introduce scientific Strangers to the Library and Museum; to purchase the Transactions of the Society at reduced prices, and to have personal access to the Library and Museum. 2. No Member to introduce more than one Visitor. 3. Ordinary Members of the Society resident more than fifteen miles from London shall be entitled to receive the Transactions gratuitously when their Annual Contribution has been paid. 4, All the Honorary and Ordinary Members are eligible to any office in the Society, provided the latter are not more than one year in arrear in the payment of the Annual Subscription. 5. No Member shall be entitled to vote on any occasion until he shall have paid his subscription for the year last past. 6. Subscribers enjoy all the privileges of Members excepting those BY-LAWS. 7 of voting at the meetings, holding office under the Society, and proposing Candidates. 7. Subscribers have no claim upon or interest in the property of the Society. Cuap. XVI. Foreign Members. 1. Every Foreigner who has distinguished himself as an Ento- mologist, or who has shown himself able and willing to promote the ends for which the Society is founded, may be elected a Foreign Member; his Annual Contribution shall be £1 : 1s., and he shall be entitled to the samefrivileges as other Members. 2. Foreign Members shall not be required to sign the Obligation until present at a General Meeting of the Society, and when so present shall be admitted as other Members. 3. Foreign Members shall be exempt from the payment of any Admission Fee. 4. Foreigners and Residents abroad may be elected as Cor- responding Members, who shall not be subject to the payment of any Annual Contribution, and who shall be entitled to a copy of the Journal of Proceedings of the Society, but not to the Transac- tions; which, however, may be purchased by them at the reduced price paid by the ordinary Resident Members. The privileges of Corresponding Members shall however cease in case they shall at any future time be residents in the United Kingdom for the space of twelve months, unless sanctioned, in the case of any particular Member, by a special vote of the Council. Cuap. XVII. Honorary Members. 1, Every person proposed as an Honorary Member shall be re- commended by the Council, and be balloted for, and elected, and be liable to be removed in the like form and manner, and be sub- ject to the same rules and restrictions, as an Ordinary Member. 2. Honorary Members shall be exempted from the payment of Fees and Contributions ; and shall possess all the privileges of Ordinary Members. 3. No resident in Great Britain can be an Honorary Member, except the Honorary President, the Rev. William Kirby, A.M. F.R.S. &c., and William Spence, Esq., F.R.S. Cuap. XVIII. Meetings of the Society. 1. The Ordinary General Meetings of the Society shall be held 8 BY-LAWS. on the first Monday in every month in the year, beginning at eight o’clock precisely in the evening, or at such other time as the Council shall direct. 2. At the Ordinary Meetings the order of business shall be as follows. ‘ 3. The names of the Visitors allowed to be present at the Meeting shall be read aloud by the Chairman. 4. The Minutes of the last Meeting shall be read aloud by the Secretary, and proposed for confirmation by the Meeting, and signed by the Chairman. 5. The Presents made to the Society since their last Meeting shall be announced and exhibited. 6. Certificates in favour of Candidates for admission into the Society shall be read or submitted to ballot. 7. Members and Subscribers shall sign their names in the Obli- gation Book, and be admitted. 8. The President shall have a discretionary power as to the Papers to be read at the Meetings of the Society ; and the Secre- tary, assisted by the President and any Member or Members of the Council, shall determine as to the priority in which such papers shall be read, and propriety of omitting any portion of the same. 9. All Memoirs which shall be read at any General Meeting of the Society shall become the property of the Society, unless other- wise stipulated for previous to the perusal thereof. 10. Entomological communications shall be announced and read either by the Author or the Secretary. When the other business has been completed, the persons present shall be invited by the Chairman to make their observations on the communications which have been read, and on the specimens or drawings which have been exhibited at the Meeting. 11. No Motion relating to the government of the Society, its By-Laws, the management of its concerns, or the election, appoint- ment or removal of its Officers, shall be made at any Ordinary Meeting. Cuap. XIX. Special General Meeting. Upon the requisition of any six or more Members, presented to the President and Council, a Special General Meeting of the’Society shall be convened, and any proposition to be submitted to such Meeting shall be stated at length in the Notice to Members. BY-LAWS. 9 Cuap. XX. Annual General Meeting. 1. The Annual General Meeting of the Members shall be held in the Meeting-room on the fourth Monday in January of every year. 2. The objects of the Meeting shall be to choose the Council and Officers for the then ensuing year; and to receive from the Council, and hear read, their Annual Report on the general concerns of the Society. 3. The Council for the time being shall annually cause to be prepared two written Lists, one of which (No. 1 in the Schedule hereto) shall contain the names of four Members, whom they shall recommend to be removed from, and of four other Members to be elected into the Council; and the other List (No. 2) shall contain the names of such Members as they shall recommend to fill the offices of President, Treasurer and Secretaries, for the year en- suing; which Lists shall be read at the Monthly Meeting in January in every year, and shall then be fixed up in the Meeting-room until the day of election. And copies of such Lists shall be transmitted to every Member whose known residence shall be in London, or within twenty miles thereof, at least seven days before the Annual General Meeting shall take place. 4, On the day of voting, each Member present shall put his balloting Lists into the respective Glasses to be provided for such occasion ; before doing which, however, in case any name or names shall have been added to the Lists proposed by the Council, he shall strike out the name or names of those persons recommended for whom he does not vote. And if more names shall be suffered to remain in any List than the number of persons to be elected or removed, such Lists shall be rejected. And in case the names suffered to remain shall be less than the number of vacancies to be supplied, those names only which shall remain in the List shall stand as voted for. 5. The President shall appoint two or more Scrutineers from the Members present, not being Members of the Council, to superin- tend the Ballots and report the results to the Meeting. 6. The Ballot for the Council shall remain open for one quarter of an hour, at the least; and the Ballot for the Officers for one quarter of an hour, at the Jeast, after the result of the Ballot for the Council shall have been declared. 7. If from any cause an election shall not take place of persons c* 10 BY-LAWS. to fill the Council, or any of the offices aforesaid, then the election of the Council and Officers, or the election of Officers, as the case may be, shall be adjourned until the next convenient day, of which notice shall be given, in like manner as is directed for the Annual General Meeting. 8. No Ballot, either for the election of Members or any other business, shall be taken unless nine Members are present. Cuap. XXI. Transactions. 1, The Transactions shall consist of Papers communicated to the Meetings of the Society. 2. The Transactions shall be published from time to time, and at such prices as the Council shall direct for each Part or Volume ; but the price for one copy of each Part or Volume, to each Member or Subscriber who shall have paid his Annual Contribution for the year in which such Part or Volume shall be published, shall not exceed three-fourths of the price charged to the public. 3. Foreign Members of the Society who shall have paid the Annual Subscription for the year, and ordinary English Members and Subscribers resident more than fifteen miles from London, shall be entitled to receive the Transactions of the Society published during the year without any further payment. 4, The superintendence of the Publications shall be by a Com- mittee, which shall consist of thirteen Members to be appointed by the Council, including the President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, and Secretaries. 5. The Committee of Publication shall consider every Paper which shall have been communicated to a General Meeting of the Society, and shall report to the Council thereon; but no Paper shall be reported on at any Meeting of the Committee unless there shall be three or more Members present; and such Committee shall be convened by the Secretary every third month or oftener, when all papers read since the last Meeting of Committee shall be produced and referred. 6. Authors of Memoirs to be published in the Transactions shall be allowed 25 copies of their communications with uncoloured plates, gratis, or any additional number, if required, the entire expense of which and the colouring of all plates to be paid for by the Authors. 7. A Journal of Proceedings of the Society shall also be pub- lished quarterly or half-yearly, containing Abstracts of the Papers read and Notices of other Matters communicated at the Ordinary BY-LAWS. 11 Meetings of the Society, which Journal, together with the Transac- tions, shall be edited by the Secretaries, or one of them, and shall be bound up and sold with the Transactions. Cuap. XXII. Alteration of the By-Laws. Any of the By-Laws of the Society may at any time be repealed, or altered and amended, or others adopted in lieu thereof, at any Meeting of the Society, to be specially summoned in pursuance of Notice to be given to the President and Council, to be signed by six Members at least, such Notice to specify the intended repeal or alteration, and to be read at three General Meetings of the Society previous to such Special Meeting. 12 BY-LAWS. THE SCHEDULES REFERRED TO IN CHAPTER XX. OF THE PRECEDING BY-LAWS. No: 1. Form of the List for the Council. List of Four Members of the present Council recommended by the present Council to be removed at the Election on the day of January, 18 “ A. B. List of Four Members recommended to be elected inte the Council. PK, L. M. N. O. PQ. Now? Form of the List for the Officers. List of Persons recommended by the present Council to be ap- pointed to the offices of President, Treasurer, and Secretaries of the Society, at the Election on the day of January, 18 .* President’ (37. 2/e<0'. <2 « RES: MIPEASURCT —oi0 26/55). 6 5 ARS .. W.X DECKEtATICS celles: = ; Y.Z * If any of the Names in these Lists be objected to, they must be struck out previous to the Ballot, and other Names substituted in their stead in the blank spaces left for that purpose. London: printed by C. Roworth and Sons, Bell Wansily Temple Bar TRANSAGTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. I. On the Habits of the “ Drivers” or Visiting Ants of West Africa. By Rev. Tuomas S. Savace, M.D., of Cape Palmas, Corr. Mem. of the London Ent. Soc.; Boston Nat. Hist. Soc.; National Inst., Washington ; D.C., &c. (In a letter addressed to J. O. Westwood, Esq., Sec. Ent. Soc. London.) Fishtown, near Cape Palmas, W. A. 5th August, 1845. Dear Sir, In compliance with a promise in former letters, I proceed to give you my “ Notes upon the Habits of certain Species of Ants in the vicinity of Cape Palmas, W. A.” You will bear in mind, however, that I am still pressed with duties of higher moment, and can devote to these observations such hours only as are needed for recreation. As on former occasions, I have avoided all attempts at technical descriptions, thus giving myself more time to investigate the habits of my specimens and transmit more frequently. I feel the less reluctance in doing this, knowing your ability, and being assured that with the same specimens before you nothing will be lost in this respect to science or Africa. VOL. V. B 2 Rey. Thomas S. Savage on the Great confusion exists, it would seem, in the accounts of travel- lers respecting the ants generally of this country, often being characterized as a whole by traits that belong to particular genera or species only; one author copying from another, and none making more than casual observations, unless it be Smeathman, whose attention was given chiefly to the habits of the Termes fatale, or white ants proper. My present notes have respect to one species only of the family of Formicide. In a subsequent communication I propose to speak of the Termes fatale, but so far only as I may discover new facts and detect inaccuracies in the accounts already pub- lished. The insect in question is known here under the significant name of “ Driver.” I am not aware that it has ever been described or that it exists in any of the European Cabinets. It would, however, be strange if an insect of almost equal prominence with the Termes fatale, and acting a far more important practical part in the economy of nature, should be found, at this day, without “a local habitation and a name” in some of your Systems of Classi- fication. From the careless and casual manner in which the “ ants of Africa” have been spoken of by some authors, I am inclined to think that it has been noticed under the name of “ Termes viarum ;”" not by Smeathman, for his account of that insect indicates radical differences between it and mine, though they possess some traits in common. Mr. Robert Clark, surgeon to the colony of Sierra Leone, in a work recently published, enumerating “ the ants” of that region, gives by name the five species of Smeathman’s Termes, and in the same connection remarks, that ‘“ the travelling ants, or Formice viarum, will occasionally march into houses, where they devour everything eatable they can find.” I am at a loss to know what ant he could have in his mind other than the “ Driver” of this region; but if, by ‘‘ everything eatable,” he refers to the food of man, he is mistaken, for there are many things edible to us that they will not touch; and if by it he means “ everything eatable”’ to the insect itself, he gives us no information of its habits in this respect, for he states neither what it will eat nor what it will not. Again, in close connection he says, ‘ I have often been assailed in some tracts by a highly fetid odour emanating from the cops- wood skirting the road side; the odour not unlike the stench pro- ceeding from the carcass of a dead horse, being concentrated, as it were, inone place. ‘The natives invariably speak of the stench Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 3 described as proceeding from dense masses of the travelling atits near or at the locality.”—(page 123.) There can be no doubt that he speaks here of the ‘“* Driver ;” but he is much mistaken, and we would account for it on the ground that he founded his statement on the representations of such inaccurate observers as the native Africans. I readily recognize the odour of which he speaks; but if it proceeds from an ant at all, it is from another similar in size, colour and aspect to the largest class of the “‘ Drivers.” It passes among the colonists at Cape Palmas under the vulgar name of “ Bug-a-bug” (which appellation also they give to the Termes fatale). It does not, however, go forth in masses; indeed it does not exist in large numbers, and is com- paratively rare. It is the impression of the colonists at Cape Palmas that ‘the stench” spoken of by Mr. Clark proceeds from this “‘ bug-a-bug;” but it is often perceptible to an extent too great for this always to be the fact. On riding through the low grounds after a rain, or in the morning, it may be detected; but in such cases it undoubtedly has its source in the decay of animal matter. The Drivers emit no perceptible odour per se; did they, it would be absolutely intolerable in a dwelling-house to a person of delicate nerves, so great are their numbers. If this disagree- able odour is ever perceived among them, it must arise from their prey being in a putrescent state. I have made these remarks, in passing, solely for the purpose of correction, and would here observe that Mr. Clark gives us in this instance, though unintentionally, a good specimen of the way in which the numerous loose and inaccurate statements that are abroad have arisen respecting this anomalous country, its produc- tions and capabilities. It is very probable that the insect referred to by Messrs. Kirby and Spence, on the 100th page of the 2nd volume of their Intro- duction, (the few particulars respecting which being derived from Prof. Afzelius,) is the one in question. I think it is that, without doubt, of which Mr. Smeathman speaks when he says, *‘ one species which seems at times to have no fixed habitation ranges about in vast armies. By being fur- nished with very strong jaws they can attack any animal whatever that impedes their progress, and there is no escape but by imme- diate flight or instant retreat to the water. The inhabitants of the negro villages are frequently obliged to abandon their dwellings, taking with them their children, &c., and wait till the ants have passed.”—Swainson’s Geography and Classification of Animals, p- 100, from the Preface to Drury’s Insects, vol. ii. B2 -_ Rey. Thomas S. Savage on the Mr. Smeathman’s account is correct so far as it goes, as will appear in the sequel, though the facts he gives are by no means incidental occurrences, but all in the way of its regular habits. Never having seen Drury’s work (a subject of frequent regret) I do not know whether Mr. Smeathman ever gave more than this slight notice of their habits. It is evidently closely allied to the Atta cephalotes of Fab., found in the West Indies and South America, and, like that named by the French “ Fourmi de visite,” would be more appropriately styled the ‘ visiting” than the “ travelling ant.” The appellation ‘“‘ Driver,” however, is still more significant, as will appear from the extract from Mr. Smeathman and my account. It not only travels and visits, in common with other species of ants, but it also drives every thing before it capable of muscular motion, so formidable is it from its numbers and bite; in respect to the last fact it stands unique in its habits, and, in distinction from other species of this country, may well take for its vulgar name that of Driver. Whether it will find its proper location technically under the genus Formica proper I leave you to decide, and proceed to a detailed account of its habits so far as | have observed them. From its locomotive habits the impression, as in the case of Smeathman, has obtained, that it has no fixed habitation. This my observations go to confirm in respect both to their appearing and disappearing from certain localities, and the absence of cells or magazines. Its domicil, if such it may be called, consists of a shallow excavation under the roots of trees, shelving rocks, and almost any other substance that will afford a shelter; not origi- nating with themselves, but adopted and completed as the wants of their community may require. The greatest depth to which I have known them penetrate is about two feet. The interior exhibits no mechanical contrivance, for which many other ants are celebrated. ‘There is an old saying, which is not without mean- ing, that “ a man’s dwelling indicates the nature of his employ- ment.” A robber’s house will not exhibit, either in or out, the indications of a permanent abode that an honest man’s does; so with that of the insects before us, their mode of life will not admit of cells and magazines and other interior arrangements by which the domicils of other ants more retiring and less aggressive in their habits are characterized. The nearest approach they make to such an arrangement is the adoption of fissures in the ground, crevices in rocks, and the interstices between small stones, &c. that may fall within the compass of their dwelling- place. Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 5 Their sallies are made in cloudy days and in the night, chiefly in the latter. This is owing to the uncongenial influence of the sun, an exposure to the direct rays of which, especially when the power is increased By REFLECTION, ts almost immediately fatal. If they should be detained abroad till late in the morning of a sunny day by the quantity of their prey, they will construct arches over their path, of dirt agglutinated by a fluid excreted from their mouth. If their way should run under thick grass, sticks, &c., affording sufficient shelter, the arch is dispensed with; if not, so much dirt is added as is necessary to eke out the arch in connection with them. In the rainy season, or in a succession of cloudy days, this arch is seldom visible; their path, however, is very distinct, presenting a beaten appearance and freedom from every thing moveable. They are evidently economists in time and labour; for if a crevice, fissure in the ground, passage under stones, &c. come in their way, they will adopt them as a substi- tute for the arch. ‘This covered way seems to be designed in part for the protection of workers in transporting prey, pupe, &c., but chiefly against the direct rays of the sun, an exposure to which, in places where the REFLECTION is strong, is certain death in less than two minutes. When the sun’s rays are intercepted for days, the arch is wanting; and, even with the arch, in a bright strong sunshine, masses of the Drivers are found under the thick grass in holes and other places, regaling themselves in the shade till the decline of the sun, when their work is renewed with their charac- teristic vigour. In cloudy days, when on their predatory excursions, or migrat- ing, an arch for the protection of the workers, &c. is constructed of the bodies of their largest class. Their widely extended jaws, long slender limbs, and projecting antennz intertwining, form a sort of net-work that seems to answer well their object. When- ever an alarm is given the arch is instantly broken, and the ants, joining others of the same class on the outside of the line, who seem to be acting as commanders, guides, and scouts, run about in a furious manner in pursuit of the enemy. If the alarm should prove to be without foundation, the victory won or danger passed, the arch is quickly renewed, and the main column marches for- ward as before in all the order of an intellectual military dis- cipline. I will here describe an attempt that I recently made to destroy one of their communities, which, with the facts in the order in which they transpired, and the collateral circumstances attending it, will fairly illustrate many of their habits. 6 Rey. Thomas 5. Savage on the My observations were made in part at my former station (Cape Palmas), where I resided nearly eight years. I have been at my present station about eight months. During the first four months of the latter period I was greatly annoyed by the frequent visita~ tions and ravages of these insects; at one time literally driving out every member of the female department of the school; at another the male department; then the inmates of my own dwell- ing; again, attacking my horse, then my pigs, fowls, &c. &c., nothing in fine possessing animal life escaping their assaults. They always pounced upon us at night, and generally when our senses were reposing in sleep. Occasionally we were apprised of their designs at nightfall by a few suspicious individuals lurking in the vicinity in advance of the main body, but mostly they took us by surprise. At last their annoyance seemed to have reached the highest point of our forbearance, and a resolution was forth- with taken to discover their habitation, and, if possible, expel them from the vicinity. Accordingly I commenced cutting over the premises, and had proceeded as far as two-thirds the way down the mount on which my dwellings stand, when, beneath a shelving rock of decomposing granite, their haunt was discovered. They had been roused by the noise and efforts of the workmen, and had come forth in incalculable numbers for defence, literally blackening the surrounding grass and shrubbery. Lines of ants, going and coming agreeably to the rules of their order, were running in opposite directions. Their paths were very distinct and well trodden, of about an inch in width. In other directions were seen covered ways forsaken, the object of their formation no longer existing,—no prey having been discovered, or, if found, being disposed of,—and other regions lying open for exploration. Their numbers could not be computed; millions on millions seemed to be there, besides thousands that were going and coming with astonishing speed and alacrity. In attempting their destruction I adopted the mode of the natives, which is, to ignite on the spot a collection of the dried leaves of a species of Corypha (Fan Palm of this coast), about six feet in diameter, and dried grass, with other combustible matter. A fire of great intensity was thus kindled, which continued to burn for considerable time. This I supposed would be the last of our troublesome neighbours. ‘Two days after, however, on going to the spot for the purpose of examining into their domicil, I was surprised to see a tree at a short distance, about eighteen inches in diameter, to the height of four feet from the ground, with the adjacent plants and earth, perfectly black with them. From the Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 7 lower limbs (four feet high) were festoons or lines of the size of a man’s thumb, reaching to the plants and ground below, consist- ing entirely of these insects; others were ascending and descend- ing upon them, thus holding free and ready communication with the lower and upper portions of this dense mass. One of these festoons I saw in the act of formation ; it was a good way advanced when first observed: ant after ant coming down from above, ex- tending their long limbs and opening wide their jaws, gradually lengthened out the living chain till it touched the broad leaf of a Canna coccinea below. It now swung to and fro in the wind, the terminal ant the meanwhile endeavouring to attach it by his jaws and legs to the leaf; not succeeding, another ant of the same class (the very largest) was seen to ascend the plant, and, fixing his hind legs with the apex of the abdomen firmly to the leaf under the vibrating column, then reaching forth his fore legs and open- ing wide his jaws, closed in with his companion from above, and thus completed the most curious ladder in the world. The line of migrating ants from their former habitation was still continued. When first observed it was composed of indi- viduals of all sizes, pupee, eggs, &c. commingled in the act of transportation. The cause of this assemblage on the outside was the small dimensions of their recently adopted domicil. There was evidently a cavity under the tree, but not of sufficient size for their numbers; they were therefore busily engaged in enlarg- ing it suitably for their accommodation. The quantity of dirt thrown up in the process was remarkably small. In about two hours I visited the spot again, when the hanging lines or festoons were gone, and about half of the mass also; some below the surface, others on their predatory excursions. One of their paths I traced to a distance of about twenty rods, when I was pre- vented from going further by a thicket. Their course was easily followed by their beaten track and the arched way, the latter of which was very imperfect, consisting of clay in exposed places, and of grass, sticks, leaves, &c. whenever they could be made to answer the purpose. The line of ants was very much broken and irregular, many of them being gathered into groups in the grass and in holes enjoying the coolness of the shade, waiting for the arrival of evening in which to renew their labours. Combustible matter was again applied, and it was not long before a dense column was seen issuing from under the opposite side of the tree, observing their usual order and arrangement. The day was cloudy, a little rain falling; there was therefore no need of the clayey arch; but the larger class, arranging themselves 8 Rev. Thomas S. Savage on the on either side as before described formed the substitute. Under this arch, armed on all sides with sharp claws, and fierce, hooked, open jaws, ‘ the feebler folk,” or, as my native interpreter said, the women and their children, passed rapidly forward in conscious safety. Others of the largest class appeared in the main line at different distances carrying nothing, yet acting no unimportant part. They would occasionally step out of the line and return, as if holding communication with their comrades behind; then, taking their places as before, march on with all their former celerity. Others again of the same class were seen on the outside, ranning here and there, then stopping, elevating their heads to a point above the others, stretching forth their fore legs, opening wide their jaws, and twirling in every direction their long antenne, as if in apprehension of danger. I visited them again the next morning, when I found them still engaged in removing. ‘Thousands and tens of thousands must have been destroyed by the two fires, and yet apparently their numbers were undiminished. I have not on this or any other occasion detected a winged individual, though it is the season when such are to be found in all communities of ants not apterous. They carry their pupee and prey longitudinally under their bodies, held firmly between their mandibles and legs, the latter of which are admirably calculated by their length and slenderness for this purpose. The freedom and ease with which they carry their burthen is truly surprising. Ihave seen the third class, or workers, with pupe of the first class, or soldiers, certainly as large again as themselves ; and, again, with prey twice or more their size, moving with as great a degree of celerity as we should suppose them capable of doing without any burthen. Their mode of biting differs from that of the soldiers among the Termes. ‘The mandibles of the latter are flat and sharp, and move in a cross direction, cutting in the manner of scissors. ‘The mandibles of the Driver of the first class are very prominent and formidable, strongly hooked, having one tooth; those of the second class are flatter, sharper, and armed with two strong teeth, the edges finely serrated, and admirably calculated for lacerating and cutting muscular fibre. The onset of the former is with a grasp that causes their victim to start and wince as if life were in danger ; their mandibles are fixed so strongly into the flesh, and their hold retained with such pertinacity, that a separation is effected often only by a dismemberment of the body. If permitted to retain their hold, the motion of their jaws is alternately from one side to the other, penetrating deeper and deeper at every stroke. With Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 9 the second class there is not only this gradual penetration, but at the same time a lacerating and cutting of the flesh, with an ap- proximation of the jaws at each effort. This difference in their form and motion in the two classes led me to infer a difference of duties or office in their economy. This impression has been con- firmed by repeated observations. To the first class, it would appear, is assigned the defence of the community ; it is theirs also to attack and disable their prey. The second lacerate and cut the flesh, and are assisted by the first in tearing it off. Upon the third, who appear to be especially the labourers, devolves the burthen of transportation, whether of prey or pupe. ‘They are seen to be assisted often by the second class, and, when the prey is too large for either, the first is called in, In the small vial sent herewith will be found the different classes, as they were captured in the act of transportation, with the different articles of prey had at the time in their jaws. But one specimen of Class 1 will be found among them; this was captured with the leg of a locust, evidently just taken and rent asunder (which is in the vial), too large to be transported by the smaller classes. Whenever a stream of water intercepts their course in their excursions and migrations, if it should not be extensive they compass it, but if otherwise, they make a line or chain of one an- other, gradually extending themselves by numbers across, till a connection is formed with the opposite side, and thus a bridge is constructed, over which the main body passes in safety. There is another habit equally interesting that may be men- tioned in this connection. It has been asserted of other species of the Formicide in South America, though doubted by zn-door naturalists at home. Our seasons are divided into ‘‘ wet” and “dry,” each making up in a general way half of the year. During the former we frequently have violent and continued rains, so that the low grounds, either directly from this cause, or the sudden swelling of the rivers, are overflowed for days. The Drivers de- light in rather low localities, generally on the side, but near the base of hills; consequently they are liable to be driven from their haunts for self-preservation. In such an emergency they throw themselves into a rounded mass, deposit their ‘ feebler folk,” pupz and eggs in the centre, and thus float upon the water till a place of safety is reached, or the flood subsides. Even in situations beyond this overflow they must be deluged in their holes for days, so copious and incessant are the rains at times; and one would suppose that, under such circumstances, vast numbers must perish. Some undoubtedly do; but the Lord, in this as in other orders in 10 Rev. Thomas S. Savage on the the animal kingdom, has pursued a system of compensation beau- tifully illustrative of His goodness, and the minuteness of His Pro- vidential care over even the meanest of His creatures. As He has endowed this insect with a high degree of life, so He has given to it a corresponding degree of tenacity, thus enabling it to exist under the many unfavourable circumstances incident to its habits. Feeling assured that such was the fact, I commenced a series of experiments in proof of the point. An individual of the largest class was submerged to the bottom of a glass of water, where it struggled for about three-fourths of an hour, then apparently expired. It revived in about ten minutes after it was taken out, exhibiting about as much vitality and ferocity as before. It was re-submerged at 1 p.m., and taken out after 6 p.m., with like re- sults. It was submerged the third time, and then permitted to remain for twelve hours or more. It revived on being taken out, so far as to move about on its side, and continued to exhibit signs of life for twelve hours more, when it expired. Others that were permitted to rise to the surface, and remain, survived some time longer. Another fact, illustrating their tenacity of life, may here be stated. The head of one of the largest class, when dissevered from the body, grasped the finger of an attendant so furiously as to cause an immediate flow of blood. It was kept in a glass tumbler from 3 p.m. till the next morning at 8 o’clock, when the finger was again applied, and apparently as severe a wound as before inflicted. Another individual of the same class was deca- pitated at 7 a.m., and at half-past 9 the next morning,—263 hours from the time of decapitation,—a piece of newspaper was held between the jaws, which it grasped and retained with considerable force. I then applied the small finger of my right hand, which it bit severely; indeed so powerful was the grasp that the point of the mandibles met beneath the cuticle. It then partly withdrew one mandible, and pointing it more perpendicularly, penetrated deeper, then the other, and thus at every alternate stroke giving to the mandible a direction more vertical, wounding and cutting wider and deeper precisely in the manner of the insect in posses- sion of all its parts and powers. The sensation at each thrust was like that of a pin, and equally painful; and when the mandibles were withdrawn the blood flowed as freely. This head continued to give signs of life for more than 36 hours after decapitation. The body to which it belonged lived still longer,—more than 48 hours! I know of no insect more ferocious and determined upon vic- Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 11 tory. They fiercely attack any thing that comes in their way,— ‘conquer or die” is their motto. I have known a live coal of fire held before them, at which, though so obnoxious to heat, they rushed with indescribable ferocity, releasing their hold only in death. They have no eyes visible through my glasses, which, however, are not powerful. They seem to be less under the in- fluence of the sense of smelling than of hearing or feeling. If taken a few feet from their habitation they seem to be at a loss to know the way to return; some will at last succeed in arriving at home, others not. To decide the point whether they detected the proximity of prey by the sense of smell or not, I placed near one of their domicils, first a small bird, dead, then a barn-door fowl, but not an individual was attracted to the spot. They were roused several times by knocking on the covering of their habitation; this brought them forth in large numbers, when they ran about in different directions in search of the intruder, coming very near to their favourite food, but not one in contact with it. The bird was now brought within two, then one foot of their nest, both times with the same success. At last one or two, as if by accident, found it out, and laid hold of the feathers in a great rage, then retired within their habitation. I waited a long time to see if any intelligence would be conveyed of the proximity of their favourite prey, but no evidence of the fact appeared. I roused them again, and put some of the largest and of the second class upon the bird; they jumped about in great perturbation and rage, pulled vigorously at the feathers, then biting into the flesh, at last disappeared without further effort. No intelligence being yet conveyed that food was at hand, I brought them forth in still greater numbers, and thrusting the fowl down among them, held it there till it was well covered, and then withdrew it to a distance of about two feet, to observe their proceedings. As the fowl was drawn back many ants were left on the intervening ground, and thus free communication was soon established between it and their domicil. A few of the largest class, which are always the first to come forth for defence, were seen running to and fro, forming a line which, when completed, was seen to be composed mostly of individuals of classes Nos. 3 and 2, No. 1 evidently taking ma- nagement of the others. The first step in their operations was to clear the path of all moveable obstructions. This was done chiefly by the third class ; some of No. 2, and occasionally No. 1, coming in when large obstacles were to be removed. It was in- tensely interesting to see these little creatures gaining victory, by one process after another, over comparatively mountain obstacles 12 Rey. Thomas 8S. Savage on the in their way; greater difficulties only rousing them to greater effort. Here would be seen one dragging along a stick four times its length; there, another, pushing, then grasping and pulling along a stone many times its weight; and, when more power was requi- site, others coming in to his aid, all knowing that a work was to be performed, and each doing promptly his part. Thus were stones, sticks, leaves and grass successively withdrawn from within their line, and deposited at a distance from the scene of their labours. A regular, distinct footpath was soon made visible, and in readiness for the quick transportation of their prey. In the meantime the largest, with an equal number of the second size, were busily engaged upon the head of the fowl, depriving it of its feathers. This promised to be a slow and tedious operation ; but the gradual increase of feathers, and the denuded skin, were sure indications of their success. The feathers were pulled out ; some- times one, two and three ants would be seen tugging most lustily at one, but I am inclined to think that the largest feathers were extracted by lacerating the flesh at their root, though I was not able to decide this point fully, Those that fell in their way were borne off by the smaller ants; others were made to answer as a covering to their pathway, being held together by the largest size or soldiers. The operation of picking began at the beak, and was gradually extended backward. The neck being half stripped, they then began the work of laceration at the eyes and ears. It was some time before any visible impression was made, but at last, though by no means so expeditiously as I expected, deep cavities appeared, and muscles, membranes and tendons were reduced and borne off to their habitation. ‘The juices, and a portion of the muscular fibre, I think, must be consumed on the spot at such times, though the largest portion is carried to their domicil. At first there was considerable confusion in the lines. They seemed to be incapable of keeping the right path, and even missed the various entrances to their domicil. Individuals of the largest class were seen to arrange themselves on either side, between whom the lines of workers passed and repassed with a good de- gree of order. These were acting evidently the part of guides rather than guards, though at times they acted in the latter capa- city also. ‘They would place their abdomen horizontally on the ground, and laying hold of fixed points with their hind feet, (which together thus acted as a fulcrum,) elevate the anterior portion of their bodies to the highest point, open wide their jaws, and stretch forth their antenne, which for the most part were fixed, as if in the act of listening and watching for approaching Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 13 danger. They would occasionally drop their bodies to the ground again, run off to one side, and fiercely work their jaws and antenne, as if having detected some strange sounds in the distance. Dis- cerning nothing, they would quickly return to their posts and resume their positions, thus acting as scouts. The hour for ful- filling appointments having arrived, I left, designing to make further experiments; but on my return I found that the fowl had been stolen by some of my covetous, perhaps hungry parishioners, who excused the act of aggression by saying that the Drivers were their most grievous enemies, often depriving them of the two things they mostly loved,—poultry and sleep ; and that I was entertaining them with undue hospitality ; others more jokingly said, that I was making them my Fetish, and offering to them sacrifices of birds and fowls. Being in the immediate vicinity of our teacher’s house they be- came troublesome, killing six of his chickens in one night; we had therefore to decide forthwith upon their destruction. This was effectually and instantly done by a few gallons of boiling water poured into their domicil. Like all their habitations that I have seen, this was on the side of a hill, and consisted of a slight excavation about eighteen inches in depth, made for the interment of a human body, according to the custom of this tribe, covered over with the fragment of an old canoe. On removing this covering vast numbers of the ants with their pupze were discovered dead, and the spot, which might be called their nzdus, occupying a space of about eighteen inches in diameter. The soil was composed of clay and small stones; the latter were abundant, the interstices of which seemed to be their only cells. In every instance that has fallen under my observa- tion the soil selected has been of this loose character, and the interstitial spaces so occupied. This was the smallest community I had seen; whether it was a colony or not I cannot say, but it was supposed to be the remains of the one destroyed by fire, as no other was known to be in our neighbourhood. They do not treasure up their food for any length of time, which may be inferred from the construction of their domicil. They go forth in search of prey at all seasons, but more especially during the ‘rains,’ which corresponds to the winter of temperate climates. Their more frequent appearance at this season is ac- counted for on the ground that the weather then is generally cloudy and_cool; perhaps, also, they are driven forth by the accu- mulation of water in their habitation. 14 Rev. Thomas 8. Savage on the They are not without their uses in the economy of nature. They keep down the more rapid increase of noxious insects and smaller reptiles; consume much dead animal matter, which is con- stantly occurring, decaying, becoming offensive, and thus vitiating the atmosphere, and, which is by no means the least important in the Torrid Zone, often compelling the inhabitants to keep their dwellings, towns, and their vicinity, in a state of comparative cleanliness. The dread of them is upon every living thing.* It may be literally said that they are against every thing and every thing against them. I have known my dog, on meeting them in the road, instead of running any risk by leaping over them, go a great distance round to avoid their well-known bite. My donkey has more than once stopped so suddenly and turned, as to throw me over her head, or to one side, and when urged forward, leaped far over the line. They will soon kill the largest animal if confined. They attack lizards, guanas, snakes, &c. with complete success. We have lost several animals by them,— monkeys, pigs, fowls, &c. The seve- rity of their bite, increased to great intensity by vast numbers, it is impossible to conceive. We may easily believe that it would prove fatal to almost any animal in confinement. They have been known to destroy the Python natalensis, our largest serpent. When gorged with prey it lies powerless for days; then, monster as it Is, it easily becomes their victim. It is universally said by the natives that this serpent, having disabled his victim by the fearful process of constriction, makes a wide sweep in the vicinity in search of the Drivers. If he discovers them, he abandons it to their more numerous jaws; but if not, he returns to the work of engorge- ment. This account, whether true to the letter or not, gives a good idea of the dread with which it inspires the different orders of animals. In a recent attack they killed a snake under my house about four feet long. It made its way out, but, seemingly incapable of progression, could not make its way off. Its motions were such as to lead to the conclusion that it was blind. It writhed and twisted instead of going forward, giving the ants time to accumu- late, and thus by numbers overpower it. It is very probable that, with one stroke of their jaws, they destroyed the power of vision, and brought it immediately within their grasp. Their entrance into a house is soon known by the simultaneous * It is stated by my native interpreter that a certain species of Julus, which emits a peculiar odour, if thrown into their domicil, will cause them to abandon it. Its truth remains to be proved. Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 15 and universal movement of rats, mice, lizards, Blapside, Blattide, and of the numerous vermin that infest our dwellings. Not being agreed, they cannot dwell together, which modifies in a good mea- sure the severity of the Drivers’ habits, and renders their visits sometimes (though very seldom in my view) desirable. Their ascent into our beds we sometimes prevent by placing the feet of the bedsteads into a basin of vinegar, or some other uncongenial fluid; this will generally be successful if the rooms are ceiled, or the floors overhead tight, otherwise they will drop down upon us, bringing along with them their noxious prey in the very act of contending for victory. They move over the house with a good degree of order unless disturbed, occasionally spreading abroad, ransacking one point after another, till, either having found something desirable, they collect upon it, when they may be destroyed ‘ en masse” by hot water; or, disappointed, they abandon the premises as a barren spot, and seek some other more promising for exploration, When they are fairly in we give up the house, and try to await with patience their pleasure, thankful, indeed, if permitted to remain within the narrow limits of our beds or chairs. They are decidedly carnivorous in their propensities. Fresh meat of all kinds is their favourite food ; fresh oils they also love, especially that of the Elais guiniensis, either in the fruit or ex- pressed. Under my observation they pass by milk, sugar, and pastry of all kinds, also salt meat; the latter, when boiled, they have eaten, but not with the zest of fresh. It is an incorrect statement, often made, that ‘‘ they devour every thing eatable” by us in our houses ; there are many articles which form an excep- tion. If a heap of rubbish comes within their route, they inva- riably explore it, when larve and insects of all orders may be seen borne off in triumph, —especially the former. 16 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description II. Description of the “ Driver’? Ants, described in the preceding Article. By J.O. Wxstwoop, F.LS., &c. Tue remarkable account of the habits of the Driver ants of tro- pical Western Africa, contained in the preceding article, by Dr. Savage, is too interesting not to require that the species in ques- tion should be entomologically described, so as to be at once identified, and introduced into its place in the family of the ants to which it belongs. Having been requested to draw up a de- scription of the insects sent in great numbers by Dr. Savage, I herewith offer, by way of supplement to his article, the following characters, with the accompanying remarks. A comparative ex- amination of the different individuals was in fact especially neces- sary, in order to learn the real nature of the different classes, with reference to the question whether the Soldiers among the For- micide were analogous to the Soldiers among the Termitide, that is, whether they formed, as in the latter, a distinct class, or whe- ther they were merely neuters, with larger heads than usual. On carefully examining the specimens which were sent to England in spirits, I found that they varied in length from 13 to 5 lines, all possessing the same structure not only of thorax, abdomen, legs and antennz, but also of the maxille and labial apparatus, All likewise agreed in the general structure of the head, the only material difference being that the teeth of the mandibles are more developed in the small individuals than in the large ones; that the heads in the latter are comparatively larger; and that in the former there is a more evident carina down the middle of the front of the head. I must confess that I could discover no distinct character to separate the largest indi- viduals from the others; there seemed indeed to be a regular gradation in the size from the largest to the smallest, which the natives appear to consider as females. I thus regard them all as neuter ants, and consider it very unfortunate that we are at present unacquainted with the males and females, or with the larva and pupa state of this interesting insect. These lacune will, { trust, be still filled up by Dr. Savage. But the most curious circumstance which my examination of these insects made evident was, that all the remarkable economy detailed in the preceding memoir is performed by creatures desti- tute of organs of sight, having been unable to detect the slightest indication of eyes in any of the individuals. of the “ Driver” Ants. 17 This latter circumstance, in conjunction with the structure of the lower parts of the mouth, and the existence of only eleven joints in the antennze, at once determines the intimate relation of the Driver ants to my genus 7'yphlopone,* and completely con- firms the views which I published both in my Introduction, and in a paper in the sixth volume of the Annals of Natural History, on the Formicideous nature of Typhlopone, in opposition to the opinion of Mr. Shuckard, that the latter is the female of a dif- ferent family; an opinion the more remarkable, when it is re- membered that Mr. Shuckard had before him at the same time the interesting genus Anomma (described in a previous number of the same Annals), and which, like the Driver ants, is so very closely allied to the genus Ponera, one of the species of which is actually described by Latreille as wanting eyes. It will thus be seen that the discovery of the winged individuals of the Driver ants is the more to be desired, as it will enable us at once, and still more satisfactorily, to settle the question of the relations of these insects, as well as, I trust, those of the Dorylide, which, according to the remarks which Captain Boys has communicated to me, are equally Formicideous. The Driver ants seem to belong to the genus Anomma of Shuckard, above alluded to, so far at least as I am able to judge from external characters, the unique specimen of 4. Burmeisteri being preserved in the British Museum, where the dissection of the mouth of unique individuals is not permitted. The new species may be thus described. Anomma arcens, Westw. . Neutr. Nigra, subnitida; antennis (articulo basali excepto), coxis, geniculis, tarsisque piceis; capite plus minusve oblongo- quadrato, in individuis maximis postice magis angusto, margine postico emarginato ; clypeo, inter basin antennarum, bicarinato; antennis in impressionibus duabus insertis, 11- articulatis; oculis obsoletis; mandibulis elongatis, gracilibus, faleatis, ante medium dente majori alteroque pone medium plus minusve distincto, interstitio serrato; maxillis lobis duobus apicalibus, externo ad apicem setoso; palpis maxil- laribus brevissimis, et, ut videtur, 3-articulatis ; labio magno carnoso striato, palpis labialibus longitudine labii 2-articulatis, thorace e segmentis duobus longitudine eequalibus constanti, prothorace infero, lateribus dilatatis tamen supra visis; meso- * Compare the figures at the foot of Plate I. with those in the upper part of Plate IL., in the sixth volume of the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. VOL. V. Cc 18 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions thorace antice latiore, metathorace parum compresso utrin- que spiracula instructo, apice recte truncata; abdominis pedunculo elongato utrinque versus basin tuberculo minuto instructo; segmento sequenti pedunculo latiori semi-ovali, reliquis parum constrictis. Long. corp. lin. 13—5. Habitat in Africa occidentali tropicali. D. Savage. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES. Plate I. fig. 3. One of the Soldiers, rather larger than the insect; 3a, b,c,d, the heads of four of the different sized individuals ; 3e, maxilla; 3f, instrumenta labialia. The lines indicate the natural length of different individuals. III. Descriptions of two new Goliath Beetles from Cape Palmas, in the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope. By J.O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &e. Tue selection of characters of evidently minor importance—which have been well termed artificial ones—for the discrimination of groups, whether of high or low rank,—which seem to afford very satisfactory results in our distribution of species or genera, — becomes more and more difficult in proportion to the increase of our knowledge of the species of such groups. Taking, for example, those African Goliath beetles which have the prothorax broadest behind, with a simple terminal lobe to the maxilla, and long fore legs, in the males; we have artificially defined one group as distinguished by having the fore legs externally dentated, and the upper surface of the body velvety; and a second as aving the fore tibize not externally dentated, and the upper sur- face of the body (in the tropical species) brilliantly’ polished. Within a very short time, however, Mr. Hope has received from Dr. Savage, who has indefatigably assisted in forwarding our knowledge of these interesting insects, two new species which disturb these previous arrangements. In one of these insects we have a velvety upper surface, combined with the externally sim- ple fore tibize of the males, (although it is true that they exhibit a tendency to become toothed,) whilst the horn of the head is still further analogous to that of several of the males of the second of these two groups. The other species agrees more decidedly with the first of these two groups, in its velvety upper surface, and externally tridentate male tibize; but the general appearance of the insect, its comparatively small size, the form of the horn of the of two new Goliath Beetles. 19 head, and the shortness of the sternal process, remove it nearer to some of the subsequent groups. Under these circumstances, I have no choice but to refer these two insects to distinct new subgenera, the first of which will enter as a section into the genus Mecynorhina, with the name of SMICORHINA, Westw. Corpus oblongum, depressum, supra velutinum, lateribus sub- parallelis, pedibus elongatis. Caput maris mediocre, disco inter oculos in laminas duas parvas horizontales porrectum, angulis ante oculos porrectis acutis, clypeo anticé in cornu breve recurvum apice obconicum pro- ducto. Antennarum clava minuta. Maxillarum lobus in- ternus in mare in unguem curvatum productus. Prothorax lateribus pone medium fere rectis, margineque postico fere recte transverso. Elytra elongata, depressa. Processus ster- nalis brevissimus, apice rotundato. Abdomen subtus in mare canaliculatum. Pedes elongati. Tibize anticze maris satis graciles, extus tridentatee, dentibus parvis, intus pone medium serratis. Tibize intermediz maris in medio 2-dentate; tibiz posticee in medio 1-dentatez. Tarsi elongati, simplices. Species unica. Smicorhina Sayi. (PI. 1. fig. 1.) Nigra, velutina; pronoto sanguineo, vittis quatuor irregularibus nigris, intermediis duabus antice abbreviatis; capitis facie cinereo-velutina, pedibus nigris, femoribus (preesertim pos- ticis) sanguineo-striatis, tibiisque posticis ad apicem sangui- neis, capite subtus nigro nitido. Long. corp. (cornu capitis haud incluso) lin, 13, lat. elytr. lin. 53. Habitat in Africa tropicali occid., Cape Palmas. D. Savage. In Mus. D. Hope. 1 have adopted the specific name of Sayii, suggested to me for this interesting species by the Rev. F. W. Hope, in honour of the late Thomas Say, the father of American Entomologists, and as a mark of respect to his countryman, Mr. Savage, by whom this interesting addition to the family has been made. The second species will fall more naturally into my genus Cera- torhina, in which it will form a subgenus, which, from the very large horn of the head of the male, may be named Mecatornina. Westw. Corpus oblongo-ovale, subdepressum, supra velutinum ; elytris postice angustioribus. Caput maris mediocre, supra fere c2 20 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions, &c. planum, dentibus duobus minutis fere ad oculos positis, an- gulisque ante oculos acute spinosis; clypeo in cornu valde elongato, elevato, subrecurvo, apice longe bifido producto. Antennarum clava mediocris; maxillarum lobus externus in mare in unguem corneum acutuin productus. Prothorax transversus convexus, fere semicircularis, margine postico ante scutellum parum emarginato. Elytrasubconvexa, postice sensim attenuata, maculis pallidis numerosis guttata. Pro- cessus sternalis antice porrectus, apice subobtuso. Pedes antici elongati, tibiis anticis curvatis, externe fere ad apicem emarginatis, interne serratis; tarsis elongatis, simplicibus. Tibize quatuor posticee in medio inermes. Species unica. Megalorhina Harrisu. (Pl. 1. fig. 2.) Supra opaco-velutina; capite supra albido, cornu subtus castaneo; antennis nigris, pronoto brunneo opaco luteo- tenuiter marginato, scutello brunneo ; elytris olivaceeo-nigris, maculis numerosissimis fulvescentibus in seriebus 5 in singulo elytro dispositis; pedibus castaneis, tibiis anticis tarsisque quatuor anterioribus nigris, tarsis posticis flavescentibus articulis obscuris; corpore subtus castaneo, cupreo, niti- dissimo et eneo certo situ tincto, tibiis anticis intus denticulis 7 armatis. Long. corp. (excl. cornu capitis g) lin, 18; lat. elytrorum ad basin lin. 9. Habitat cum precedent. D. Savage misit ad D. Hope, in cujus muszo hospitatur. This magnificent insect is here named in compliment to Dr. T. W. Harris, one of the most zealous and learned Entomologists of North America, in pursuance of a suggestion made to me by Mr. Savage, by whom the unique specimen was forwarded to Mr. Hope. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES. Plate I. fig. 1. Smicorhina Sayii; la, the head seen sideways; 16, the head seen in front; 1c, maxilla ; ld, sternal process; le, ditto seen sideways. Fig. 2. Megalorhina Harrisii ; 2a, head seen in front; 2b, ditto sideways ; 2c, maxilla; 2d, sternal process; 2e, ditto seen sideways. Mr. J. W. Douglas's Description, Sc. 21 IV. Description of anew British Moth. By J. W. Doveuas, Esaq., M.E.S. [Read Ist February, 1847.] Family TORTRICIDE. Genus AncHyLorera, Stephens. Anchylopera subarcuana, Douglas. (PI. II. fig. 4.) Head and palpi white. Upper wings somewhat falcate, dull ferruginous, having a darker flexuous line extending down the centre from the base, about two-thirds of the length, forming a small arch in the middle of the wing, and then continued angu- larly to the apex. The base of the costa is ashy white, and the colour is much lighter along the lower edge and within the pos- terior angle. Lower wings rather dusky. Body griseous. Ex- pansion of wings about six lines. This is a very distinct species, and is intermediate between A. biarcuana and diminutana, from both of which however it may be known at a glance by its white head and palpi. I have only one specimen, which I took May 12th, 1844, at Wimbledon Common. Mr. S. Stevens has a specimen which differs from mine in having the upper wings narrower and darker, but I believe it to be this species. Mr. Henry Doubleday also informs me that he has one taken near Whittlesea Mere last September, so that it would appear to be double brooded. I may add that M. Guenée has seen my specimen and that it is new to him. 22 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description of a new V. Description of a new Species of the Coleopterous Family Pausside, from India. By J. O. Westwoop, F.LS., Sec. Ent. Soc., &e. [Read 4th August, 1845. ] Since the publication of the last number of my “ Arcana En- tomologica,” in which I completed an illustrated monograph of the family Pausside, 1 have been favoured by two gentlemen in India with specimens of two species of this family, forwarded to me through the medium of post letters, inclosed in small quills. One of these insects is the Ceratoderus bifasciatus, being the third individual of that species sent to Europe, the first having been brought from India by Fichtel, and deposited in the Royal Cabinet at Vienna, and the second being in the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope. This third specimen was sent me by Lieut. Col. J. B. Hearsey, having been taken on the clothes of one of his soldiers whilst on duty. The other insect, received by post, of which I now beg leave to lay a description and figure before the Society, was sent me by W. H. Benson, Esq., having been captured by that gentleman. From the apparently 5-partite, depressed clava of the antenne, the general structure of the maxillary and labial palpi (the former with the terminal joint smaller and more slender than the pre- ceding, and the latter with the terminal joint large, subovate and subtruncate at the extremity), the tibize destitute of calcaria, and the long tarsi with the first joint larger than either of the three following joints, this new species enters into the genus Ceratoderus, which I proposed for the reception of Paussus bifasciatus ; but in addition to a very different general facies, destitute of the glossy surface so peculiar in that species, with comparatively shorter and broader antennz and feet, this new insect differs from it in the dilated second joint of the maxillary palpi, which is almost rounded and flattened, in the bipartite and angulated structure of the pro- thorax, the setigerous-margined elytra, and the outer angle of the extremity of the tibize being obliquely rounded off. The genus Ceratoderus* must therefore be more restrictedly * Tt may be as well to observe in this place, that as this generic name is derived from xég, cor, and not from xega, cornu, it is strictly applicable only to the C. bi- fasciatus. It would therefore perhaps be better to propose a distinct generic name for the group, and to give each of the sections a separate subgeneric one ; the name of Melasnospilus may therefore be proposed for the genus, Ceratoderus be retained for C, bifasciatus, and the name of Merismoderus be given to C. Bensoni. Species of the Coleopterous Family Pausside. 23 characterized, so as to allow the introduction therein of the pre- sent new species as follows. Antenne clava depressd, quasi 5-partita. Palpt macillares arti- culo 2ndo maximo, 4to gracili, praecedente minori. Palpi labiales articulis tribus; 3tio majori, ovali, apice subtruncato. Pedes haud dilatati; tibiis apice haud calcaratis, tarsorum articulo basali sequentibus tribus majori. Sectio A. Ceratoderus. Corpus supra glabrum, nitidum. Palpi maxillares articulo 2ndo subovali, lateribus subparallelis. Prothorax cordato-trunca- tus. Tibia apicibus externe angulatis. Sp. 1. Ceratoderus bifasciatus, Westw. Kollar. (Paussus b.) Sectio B. Merismoderus. Corpus supra opacum, plaga media elytrorum polita. Palpi maxillares articulo 2ndo fere rotundato, depresso. Protho- rax bipartitus, lateribus angulatis. Tibize apicibus externe obtuse truncatis. Sp. 2. Merismoderus Bensoni, Westw. (PI. II. fig. 2.) Luteo-fulvus, opacus, capite punctulato, supra impressionibus duabus rotundatis inter oculos alteraque versus medium mar- ginis antici; prothorace bipartito, parte antica angulis anticis productis subacutis, parte postica quasi 4-lobata ; elytris cori- aceis, singulo versus medium plaga magna nigra irregulariter triangulari ad suturam haud extensa, disco nitidissimo macu- ‘laque parva communi nigra ad apicem suture, lateribus setulosis. Long. corp. lin. 3. Habitat in India orientali. D, Benson.. Mus. Westw. and Hope. “I took two specimens under a brick near the river Ganges, about fifty miles below Cawnpore, last year (1844), and this year (1845), in January, I took one under a stone, in a black ant’s nest, between the Savalik range and Saharumpore.” (Benson in litt.) Fig. 2. Merismoderus Bensoni ; 2a, b,c, maxille in various points of view ; 2d, labial palpus ; 2e, portion of the hind margin of the antenne ; 2f, tarsus. 24 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description VI. Description of another new Species of Paussus, from India, with Notes of other additional Species. ByJ.O. Westwoop, F.L.S., Sec. Ent. Soc., &e. [Read 3d August, 1846.] NotwitHsTANDING all the exertions which I made to render my illustrated monograph of the Pausside, published in the second volume of the Arcana Entomologica, as complete as possible, it is surprising that, in the few months which have elapsed since the completion of that work, no fewer than eight distinct species re- quire to be added to the list. Four of these have been described by Mr. Benson, in a paper published in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Notices of the captures of these species have from time to time been read at previous meetings of this Society, in communications addressed to me by Mr. Benson; and as many members of the Society may not have the opportunity of consulting Mr. Benson’s memoir, I here extract the short Latin characters which he has given of his four new species. Sp. 1. Paussus Baconis, Benson. (Section A. Prothorax quasi bipartitus.) (Sub-sect. a. Antennarum clava postice haud excavata.) P, livido-succineus ; antennarum articulo basali, clave angulis margineque, prothoracis lateribus posticis, femoribus, podice, elytrorumque plaga magna communi, piceis; abdomine elytro- rumque marginibus, tibiis tarsisque castaneis ; antennarum clavé obliquo-triangulari, basi emarginata, in spinam longio- rem externe product4, postice late impressa, cavamine rugoso. 3 Long. ;3; poll. Nearly allied to P. rufitarsis ; but instead of the four short tufts of hair on each side, and two at the apex, the elytra are margined with long recurved spinous setz, sometimes double, of which there are seven on each side, and a double row, with four in each row, at the apex of each elytron. Taken by Dr. J. F. Bacon in the Dehra Dhoon, at the foot of the sub-Himalayan range, between the Ganges and Jumna, on the 14th August, 1844, in a sweeping net, among grass and bushes, at the same time as a specimen of Paussus pilicornis. of another new Species of Paussus. 25 Sp. 2. Paussus Nauceras, Benson. (Section A.—Subs. b. Antennarum clava postice excavata.) P. fusco-castaneus, prothoracis lateribus antice angulatis, parte postica elongatiuscula tenuiori picea; elytris thoraceque setosis illis elongatis, plag4 magna communi piced preeditis ; capite carina elevatiuscula a clypeo emarginato egredienti usque ad nucham attingente; tuberculo ad verticem posito ; clavé antennarum naviformi, marginibus denticulatis, denti- culis inferioribus setigeris ; carind antice versus apicem sub- angulaté, versus basin profunde emarginata quasi sciss4 ; tibiis mediocribus. Long. 3/5 poll. Closely allied to Paussus denticulatus, Westw., Arc. Ent. ii. pl. 92, fig. 1. Taken by Captain T. Hutton, in July, 1845, at Green Mount, Mussoorie, on the underside of a leaf of night- shade. Another (apparently the opposite sex) was captured by Dr. Bacon on the 5th July, 1844, with a sweeping net, in grass, at Rockville, Landour, three miles from Green Mount. Sp. 3. Paussus ploiophorus, Benson. (Sect. A.—Subs. b.) P. fusco-castaneus ; abdomine elytrorumque disco nigris, politis, horum marginibus late castaneis; antennarum clavé naviformi, fissuré basali profund4 angusta incis4 ; cavaminis marginibus denticulatis, marginis inferioris denticulis setigeris ; abdomine setarum brevium fasciculis duobus munito. Long -%; poll. Size and habit of P. denticulatus, Westw., and intermediate between it and P. nauceras. Found drowned in a pool of water in February, 1845, by Dr. J. F. Bacon, at Moradabad in Rohilk- hund, to the north of the river Ganges. Sp. 4. Platyrhopalus intermedius, Benson. P. rufo-castaneus ; elytris angustioribus, singulo plagd elongat4 triangulari irregulari ad latus externum preedito ; antennarum clava mediocri, subrotundato-quadrato, margine postico un- dulato, versus basin late inciso, lingula acuta armato; capitis fronte rotundato, clypeo minime emarginato, tibiis latis oblique truncatis. Long. 3, poll. This species unites characters of three different forms—P. an- gustus, P. acutidens, and P. Westwoodii. Captured on the 28th of VOL. V. D 26 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description March, 1845, at night, having flown to a light in a small bungalow on Dr. Benson’s grounds at Saharunpore, the capital of a district at the head of the Doab. In addition to these species another very interesting species from India, constituting a distinct sub-genus, was also forwarded to me by Mr. Benson, of which the characters (and an accom- panying figure with details) were read by me before this Society a short time since (described in the preceding article’. Two new species of Cerapterus from Port Natal have been recently obtained by the Museum of Leipzig, of which (by the kindness of Dr. Schaum) I hope to be enabled to lay descriptions and figures before the Society ; and lastly another new species of Paussus has within the last few days been received by the Rev. F. W. Hope from India, the description of which I now beg leave to lay before the Society. Paussus Jerdani, Hope, MSS. (PI. II. fig. 1.) P, prothorace quasi bipartito; antennarum clava postice valde excavatéd; capitis vertice excavationibus duabus ovalibus ; tuberculo elevato in singula excavatione ; rufescens, obscurus, undique setulis minimis luteis obtectus; elytris setis longis numerosis rufescentibus marginatis, his etiam plag4 maxima postica nigra notatis. Long. corp. lin. 3. Habitat in India orientali. In Mus. D. Hope. This species is most nearly allied to Paussus Boysii, Stevensianus, and especially to the well known P. thoracicus of Donovan. Its general colour is an obscure red, the anterior portion of the pro- thorax and the base of the elytra being of a more fulvous colour. The head is narrowed in front of the eyes, the front part termi- nating in two slightly rounded and flattened divisions, the incision between which is angular and terminates in a shallow channel or impressed line, which extends to the crown of the head, where it terminates in two deep oval impressions, placed rather obliquely to each other, and each having a raised tubercle within. The club of the antennz is also triangular, with the front margin acute and slightly arcuated, rounded off to the tip; the hinder or upper margin is very deeply excavated, the excavation of an oval form, with each side sulcated ; the maxillary palpi have the second joint flat and broadly ovate, truncated at the tip, the two terminal joints of another new Species of Paussus. 27 small, the maxille are very thin and semitransparent, terminating in two deflexed hooks. The prothorax is quasi-bipartite, the anterior part very slightly broader than the head, with the lateral angles acute; it is dilated behind in the middle, and has a longi- tudinal depression in the centre, not reaching to the anterior margin; the hind part has the lateral portions elevated and of a blackish colour, with a small patch of fulvous hairs in front: the centre of the prothorax is deeply impressed, the hind central portion forming two lobes rounded in front. The elytra have a large black patch, occupying at least half of the hinder portion of the disc, leaving a narrow rufescent margin; they are margined with numerous long reddish bristles, both along the sides and posterior margin; the podex is also similarly margined with shorter hairs. The femora are pitchy, and the remainder of the legs reddish; they are comparatively short and stout, without any marked distinction between them in size or thickness. The basal joint in all the tarsi is minute. ‘The entire insect is destitute of gloss on the surface; it is very obsoletely punctured, but it is clothed throughout with very minute luteous sete. Fig. 1. Paussus Jerdani; la, maxilla; 1b, maxillary palpus in another position ; lc, antenne ; 1d, leg. VII. On the Gall formed by Diphucrania auriflua, Hope, a Species of Buprestide. By W. W. Saunpers, Esq., F.LS. {Read 7th February, 1847.] (Pl. II. figs. 5—9.) Mr. Wo. Stepuenson, while resident at Sidney, New South Wales, discovered a kind of excrescence or gall on the branches of Pultenza stipularis, and having obtained several for examination, it became evident to him that they were caused by the larva of a small Buprestis, which I find to be the Diphucrania auriflua of Mr. Hope (PI. II. fig. 9). Mr. Stephenson, supposing this fact to be new to Entomologists, kindly forwarded to me a series of the galls, containing both the perfect insect and the larva, from which I have been enabled to draw up the following account, which I beg leave to lay before the Entomological Society. To allow me to see the insect in its various states Mr. Stephenson immersed the galls soon after obtaining them in boiling water, by which means the vitality of the insect was destroyed, and by cutting the galls open I was able to take out both larva and imago, 28 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the Gall, &c. much in the same state as when procured by Mr. Stephenson in New South Wales. The galls when full grown vary from 3 inch to 1 inch in length, are of an oval shape, and in all the specimens which I have seen are broader than the branch on which they are formed. They usually occur singly, but occasionally two are found together as shown in PI. II. fig. 5. Externally they are of a reddish brown colour, somewhat resembling the colour of the bark of the plant which nourishes them, and present a rather rough warty appearance. ‘The anterior of the gall appears to be a spongy mass of woody fibre, with an external covering of wood in its natural state. Various irregular passages run through the spongy portion of the interior, extending as far as the centre of the branch, near which in advanced galls an elongated chamber will be perceived, in which the larva changes to the imago state. When this change takes place, the perfect insect eats its way out of the gall, making a rounded aperture for its exit, as shown in the upper gall of fig. 5. The larva (fig. 8) is apodal, about +45 inch long, nearly cylindrical, and 13-jointed. The forepart of the body is abruptly truncate, with the first two joints smaller than the third, which is about as broad as the tenth, the intermediate ones being somewhat narrower; the remaining joints form a rounded termination to the body, the last joint being small and somewhat bifid. On the back the joints are depressed in the centre, by a channel which runs longitudinally from the head to the other extremity. The parts of the mouth are small and of a dark brown colour. The general colour of the larva is a brownish yellow or horn colour. Mr. Stephenson says he found the larva in the month of June, which answers to the month of December in this country. The perfect insect, I should suppose, appears in the spring or early summer of New South Wales, but Mr. Ste- phenson has given me no information on this point. It appears to be common in the neighbourhood of Sidney. To illustrate the economy of this gall-forming Buprestis, I have figured three galls as they appear on the branches of the Pultenzea, as well as sections of two other galls, to show their internal formation. From one section (fig. 6) a larva was taken. From the other section (fig. 7) a perfect insect was obtained. I have also given in fig. 8 as correct a representation of the larva as my means would allow, for I think it necessary to state that the foregoing description of the larva, as well as the figure, were both taken from a specimen in the dried state, but in such good preservation that I think both will be found very near the truth. Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description, &c. 99 VIII. Description of a new Species of Paussus, from Southern Africa. By J.O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &e. [Read 5th April, 1847.] Genus Paussus, Linn. (Section A. Prothorax quasi bipartitus. ) (Sub-sect. b. Antennarum clava postice excavata.) (** Species Africanz. ) Paussus Parrianus, Westw. (PI. I. fig. 3, and details. ) Paussus testaceus; elytris nigris, basi apiceque testaceis ex- ceptis ; antennarum clava naviculari, margine postico sub- serrato, margineque infero excavationis integro ; prothorace subbipartito. Long. corp. lin. 23. Habitat Port Natal. In Mus. Parry et Westwood. Corpus parvum, vix punctatum, tenuissime setulosum. Caput latitudine prothoracis, vertice plano, vel potius subconcavo, margine antico parum elevato, et in medio emarginato ; mar- gine postico etiam subelevato; subito in collum postice con- tractum. Palpi maxillares articulo 2ndo magno subovali, apice interno haud porrecto; palpi labiales articulo apicali subinflato. Antenne longitudini capitis et prothoracis equales, clava subelongata subcurvata, basi postice in cornu rectum producto, margine antico satis acuto; postico subtus excavato, margine supero excavationis 5-impresso, margine ejus infero integro simplice; apex clave antice rotundatus, postice vero subangulatus. Prothorax nitidus, sub-bipar- titus; parte antica lateribus angulato-productis et subacutis, discoque in tubercula duo rotundata elevata producto, parte postica angusta, disco carinis elevatis literam W simulantibus, instructo. Elytra coriacea, parum setosa, nigra, subopaca, basi (cum scutello) margine tenui laterali apiceque (cum tuber- culo ad angulum externum) rufo-testaceis. Pygidium rufo- piceum, semicirculare, lateribus carinaque mediana sub- elevatis. Corpus subtus testaceo-rufum, tenue punctatum, pedibus concoloribus, gracilibus ; tibiis subangustis, calcaribus minutissimis, tarsorum articulis 4 basalibus longitudine fere aequalibus. Fig. 3. The insect magnified ; 3a, maxillary palpus; 36, labial palpus ; 3c, 3d, antenne, from below and above; 3e, apex of tibia and tarsus. VOL, V. E 30 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description of This new species belongs to the African subdivision of the Paussi, which possess a subbipartite prothorax and an excavated clava to the antenne; although its general appearance bears a much nearer resemblance to some of the Asiatic species, especially P. Fichtelii and thoracicus. The flattened crown of the head, with the posterior and anterior margins somewhat elevated and acute, distinguish it from all the African species to which it is nearest allied, From P. ruber and cochlearius it is further dis- tinguished by the more linear clava of the antenne and the black dise of the elytra; the former character, narrower feet, and fer- ruginous colour, distinguish it from P. excavatus, whilst the nar- rower posterior part of the prothorax, and the structure of the antenne: and feet, distinguish it from P. Klugit and Latreilli, These four African species are represented with their details upon one plate in my “ Arcana Entomologica” (vol. ii. pl. 91), so that the distinctions of the species are apparent at a glance. Having been indebted to Captain Parry for my acquaintance with this interesting insect, it is with much pleasure that I have dedicated it to him, as a slight return for the many opportunities which he has afforded me of examining portions of his valuable collection. Shortly after the preceding description was read before the Society, Mr. Benson arrived in England, bringing with him spe- cimens of Paussus Parrianus, which he kindly communicated to me, with the following Notes on the Capture of Paussi, at the Cape of Good Hope, by W. H. Benson, Esq. 25th April, 1846. Under a stone at Camp’s Bay, on the western face of Table Mountain, I captured a species of Paussus Bur- meistert, Westw., which stained my finger when seized, as I had observed its congeners do in Hindustan. It was surrounded, and at first screened from view, by small brown ants, some of which were winged. Westwood notes that Hope’s and Westermann’s specimens have no appendages to the abdomen; mine has two diverging spines set a little apart, near the middle of the podex, underneath. 8th June. Between the end of Hope Street, Cape Town, and Table Mountain, and on the skirts of the Devil’s Peak, discovered under a stone, near a rill, and in rather a moist spot, eight spe- cimens of the Paussus, since called Parrianus by Westwood, from a specimen from Port Natal, and which a reference to the mono- graph in the “ Arcana” showed to be undescribed. They were anew Species of Paussus. 31 among crowds of ants, some on the under face of the stone, others in the ruins of tle ants’ nests. Several of them crepitated and stained my fingers. 13th June. ‘Two more specimens of Paussus Parrianus, among ants, under the loose bark of a felled and decaying oak tree, on the eastern base of Table Mountain, and by the side of a lane running from Newlands towards Protea and Hout Bay. 15th June. Two other specimens on the same log. These were undisturbed during my previous search, as fatigue pre- vented my stripping off the whole of the bark. The whole of these captures were made upon crutches, during short explora- tions in places to which a wheeled carriage could convey me. My success, under such circumstances, shows what might be done in the locality by an active collector. 26th June. Three specimens among ants again, under the bark of a felled fir-tree lymg near the same spot. 29th. A single specimen, under a stone, near the spot where I made my first capture. It inhabited a formicary like the rest, but this was the first instance in which I found this gregarious species unassociated with another of its own kind. 7th September. While searching on the skirts of the Devil’s Peak, near the third milestone between Cape Town and Ronde- bosch, for specimens of Graphipterus 3-linealtus, Dejean, I found under a stone, with its usual companions, my 17th specimen of Paussus Parrianus, and on the 21st September I obtained three more under similar circumstances near the same spot. It is sin- gular that a species, comparatively so abundant, should so long have eluded the search of entomological visitors to the Cape, more especially of Thunberg, who brought P. léneatus and ruber thence. The abundance of specimens creating an indifference regarding the chance of losing specimens not at once secured and set, ena- bled me to keep some alive for a time to observe their habits. In so doing, I discovered at least one use of the singular club of the antenne: these beetles, when thrown on their backs on writing paper, were, from their flatness in that part, and the shortness of their feet, unable to turn themselves over, until, by turning an antennz back, making the joint rigid, and using the club as a lever, they throw themselves sufficiently over on one side to gain their feet. When I deprived them of the assistance of their an- tenn, by placing them with their heads beyond the edge of the paper, their struggles to regain their proper position, by means of their feet alone, were ineffectual. A club composed of many E2 32 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description, &c. loose _joints would have been useless, and the attempt to render each individual joint rigid would have been fatiguing to the muscles. I could detect no sexual distinctions in Paussus Parrianus in external appendages. ‘The specimens vary much in size, and one variety has very little dark colour on the elytra. A letter from Dr. Bacon received to-day tells me that he has taken two more new Pausstz; one on the 17th April, in the clutches of an ant, the other on the 13th May, flying. The first, he says, is certainly quite new; the second, he says, comes nearest to P. denticulatus. His collection of species, in all the orders, amounts now to 3716, of which 2103 are Coleoptera. IX. Descriptions of some new Species of Exotic Cetoniide. By the Rev. F. W. Hope, F.R.S,, &e- [Read Sth January, 1846. ] Sp. 1. Diplognatha Herculeana, Hope. (PI. 1V. fig. 1.) Affinis D. gagati, Olivier, at multo major. Tota atra, nitida, clypeo truncato, reflexo; thorace fere in medio binis punctis elevatis notato; elytra glaberrima, absque striis punctisque ullis. Sternum in mucronem obtusum productum. Pedes nigri, pilis nigris tibiisque dentato- “spinosis. Long. lin. 15, lat. lin. 8. Habitat circa Palmas, in Africa tropicali occidentali. In Museo Dom. Hope. Received in the year 1845 from the Rev. T. Savage of Cape Palmas. Mr. Macleay has, I think, very properly considered gagates, Fab., as typical of his subgroup Gagalesie. (Vid. Ilus- trations of Annulosa of South Africa, ii. 22.) Dr. Burmeister has united Cetonia [Tebrea, of Olivier, with the same genus; I am inclined, however, to place //ebrea with other species in a subgenus, as they differ in form and colouring, and cannot pro- perly be ranked under Gagatesie. To the former group belong Silicea of MacLeay, pectoralis of Bainbridge, and the typical gagates. Campsiura, with which Burmeister seems inclined to place it, is quite another form. Fig. la, mandible ; 16, maxilla; le, mentum; 1d and le, mesosternal process. Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions, &c. 33 Sp. 2. Diplognatha ornatipennis, Hope. (PI. IV. fig. 2.) Atra, clypeo fere quadrato, disco excavato, antennis nigro piceoque colore tinctis. ‘Thorax ater, lateribus flavis, in medio binis lineis concoloribus, antice posticeque haud ad marginem extensis, binisque aliis irregularibus inter mar- ginem et lineas thoracis positis. Elytra nigra, fascia aurantia irregulari conspicud. Podex flavo-pilosus. Corpus infra ni- grum, nitidum, aurantioque colore sparsim variegatum, pe- dibus concoloribus. Long. lin. 124, lat. lin. 53. Habitat circa Palmas. In Muszeo Dom. Hope. I feel inclined to place the above beautiful species in the second section of Diplognatha, along with Hebrea of Olivier and others. Fig. 2a, maxilla; 26, mentum; 2¢ and 2d, mesosternal process. Sp. 3. Cetonia rubro-cincta, Hope. (PI. IV. fig. 3.) Atro-olivacea, clypeo obscuriori. Thorax concolor, marginibus externis elevatis et obscure rubro-marginatis. Scutellum margine omni rubro colore tinctum. Elytra nigro-olivacea, limbo lato rubro inquinata, punctaque varia alba ad infe- riorem partem disci sparsirn apparent. Corpus infra viride, nitidum. Pectus parva macula nitet et segmenta abdominis variant maculis albis duplici serie dispositis. Podex in medio ruber, lateribus viridibus, punctisque quatuor albidis minutis variegatus. Pedes supra et infra nigricantes. Long. lin. 84, lat. lin, 5. Habitat circa Palmas. In Muszeo Dom. Hope. I received the above insect from Cape Palmas. It is subject to considerable variety, and it is doubtful if the red margins may not be accounted for by immaturity. In many specimens also the white punctures are wanting. Other individuals present merely a dark olive colour without any variation. Fig. 3a, maxilla; 3, mentum; 3c and 3d, mesosternal process. Sp. 4. Glycyphana eruginosa, Hope. (Pl. IV. fig. 4.) Leete viridis, opaca, capite nigro-punctato, apice emarginato. Thorax undique vel lateribus tantum flavo-marginatus spar- simque punctatus. Elytra leete viridia, opaca seu eruginosa, 34 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions of marginibus flavis, maculisque parvis concoloribus post me- dium disci positis. Podex convexus, circulariter striolatus, punctisque tribus albis in triangulum positis alterisque duo- bus lateralibus. Corpus infra olivaceo-viride, nitidum, pec- tore albo-punctato, segmentis abdominalibus striolis trans- versis albis in quadruplici serie dispositis. Pedes nigri, femoribus et tibiis duobus posticis testaceis. Long. lin. 532, lat. lin. 3. Habitat circa Cap. Palmas. In Mus. D. Hope. Received from Dr. Savage of Cape Palmas. Closely allied to Glycyphana impar of Gory and Percheron, pl. 56, fig. 2, [of which it may possibly be a variety], differing in the colour of the head, destitute of spots as well as the disc of the thorax. It is also closely allied to Cetonia cincticollis, Hope, (Annals of Natural History, August, 1842,) also from Cape Palmas, but that is at once distinguished by the minute white spots on the elytra, and by the transversely striolated pygidium. Fig. 4a, maxilla; 4b, mentum; 4c, anterior tibia. Sp. 5. Macronata stictica, Hope. (PI. 1V. fig. 5.) Nigra, clypeo fortiter emarginato et punctato. Thorace con- colori, punctis quibusdam minutis ad latera positis. Elytra aterrima, lineis elevatis conspicua variisque minutis punctis per totum discum sparsa. Corpus infra nigro-violaceum et punctatum, sterno acuto, ultra pedes anticos extenso. Seg- menta abdominis utrinque postice lineis albidis notata. Pedes atri. Long. lin. 7, lat. lin. 33. Habitat in agris Mysoriensibus. In Mus. D. Hope. This remarkable species is evidently the type of a subgenus pertaining to Macronata; it was received by me from the Mysore country during the past year. Sp. 6. Celorhina guttaia. Olivier. The accompanying figures, Ga and 66, contain representations of the head of the ordinary specimens of the males of this fine species, seen from above and sideways, in order to show the distinction exhibited by another remarkable specimen which I received from Dr, Savage at Cape Palmas, which has the two some new Species of Exotic Cetoniide. 35 anterior horns of the clypeus united together. The upper side of its head is represented in figure 6c, and its side view in 6d. Figures, with the necessary details, are also added, of three other interesting species not previously sufficiently known :— Sp. 7. Cetonia propinqua, Hope. (PI. 1V. fig. 7.) This species, figured by Messrs. Gory and Percheron (Mon. Cet. pl. 51, fig. 3), from my collection, has been referred, by Mr. MacLeay and Dr. Burmeister, to Genyodonta umbonata. It is, however, quite distinct, belonging in fact to a distinct subfamily of Cetoniide, being in several respects most nearly allied to T'richos- ictha fascicularis and capensis, but forming the type of a distinct subgenus. The unique specimen in my collection is a male, having the four basal segments of the abdomen with a slender longitudinal channel. Fig. 7@, represents the insect of the natural size ; 7b, the maxilla; 7c, the mentum; 7d, the clypeus; 7c, the fore tibie; 7 /, the prosternal tubercle seen sideways ; 7g and 7h, the mesosternal process. Sp. 8. Clinteria tetraspilota, Hope. (PI. IV. fig. 8.) This species, first described by me in the Transactions of the Zoological Society, comes very near to Clinteria imperialis of Paykull, of which there are specimens in the British Museum. ‘The species is unique in the collection of Colonel Sykes, and un- fortunately wants the head. It is a native of the Hast Indies. Fig. 8a and 8 8, represent the mesosternal process. Sp. 9. Diplognatha admixta, Hope. (PI. IV. fig. 9.) This species, concisely described in the Annals of Natural His- tory for August, 1842, inhabits Cape Palmas. The specimen appears to be a male, having the middle of the abdomen flattened but not longitudinally impressed. Fig. 9a, represents the clypeus; 9b, the maxilla; 9c, the mentum ; 9d, the fore tibia ; 9e and 9 f, the mesosternal process. 36 Mr. Westwood’s Descriptions X. Description of Two new Exotic Species of the Genus Papilio. By J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &e. [Read 7th December, 1846.] Sp. 1. Papilio Erostratus, Westw. (PI. IIL. figs. 2, 2*.) P. alis supra viridi-nigris, omnibus incisuris albidis, posticis acute caudatis et denticulatis serieque submarginali lunularum 7 albidarum; subtus viridi-fuscis, posticis pone medium ma- culis 7 nigris, nonnullis rufo-guttatis, serieque submarginali macularum parvarum rosearum, thorace fulvo maculato. Expansio alarum anticarum une. 43. Inhabits Central America. In Mus. Becker. Allied to Papilio Acamas. ‘The upper surface of the wings is of a dark greenish black colour, with the incisures strongly marked with whitish buff; the hind wings have a rather long slender tail, the denticulations, especially those between the tail and the anal angle, being acute; near the outer margin of the hind wings is a row of seven whitish buff lunules, very slightly irrorated with rosy scales. The under surface of the wings is of a greenish brown colour, the fore wings having a portion of the anterior margin irrorated with buff and fulvous scales, and near the inner angle of the wing are a few short oblong spots of the same colour, very near to the outer margin; the hind wings have a series of seven black spots beyond the discoidal cell, most of which (but especially those next the anal margin, which are the largest,) are irrorated with carmine scales or dots, and halfway between this row and the outer margin of the wings is a row of small pale car- mine-coloured lunules, the one nearest the anal angle being dupli- cated and preceded by a black patch uniting it with the spot above. The neck and sides of the body are spotted with fulvous. Sp. 2. Papilio Zetes, Westw. (PI. III. figs. 1, 1*.) R. alis fuscis, supra fascia maculari fulva, ex angulo anali fere ad apicem anticarum extensa, maculis in alis posticis ma- joribus et magis fulvis; anticis subtus macula trifida in apice arez discoidalis ; macula triangulari costali, fasciaque macu- lari albida; posticis fascia media lata argentea (venis fuscis divisa) serieque submarginali irregulari macularum rubrarum of Two new Exotic Species of Genus Papilio. 37 quarum quatuor majoribus in plagas totidem argenteas di- latatis, collo et thorace fulvo- maculatis. I:xpansio alar. antic. une. 33. Habitat in Insula St. Dominici Indiz occidentalis. In Mus. D. Hearne et Hope. The upper surface of all the wings is of a rich brown colour, the incisures slightly marked with pale buff; the tails of the hind wings of moderate length, and narrow; the fore wings have a few buff scales, forming several slight patches near the extre- mity of the discoidal cell, a macular fulvous fascia runs from near the apical angle of the fore wings almost to the anal angle of the hind ones, the spots on the hind wings being largest, and extend- ing nearly to the discoidal cell, and of a richer fulvous colour ; the one nearest the anal margin is narrow and curved. The fore wings on the under side have the macular band pale buff, and a trifid pale yellow spot near the extremity of the discoidal cell, beyond which is a subtriangular costal spot divided by the adjacent nerves. The hind wings have a broad row of six silver spots running across the middle, just beyond the discoidal cell, the costal area with a yellow dash and a pale buff irregular spot near the anal margin; at a short distance beyond this silvery fascia is a row of seven red transverse spots, four of which are dilated into triangular silvery patches extending outwardly; the pale buff incisural marks are large and triangular. The head has two small white dots between the eyes, and the neck has two rows of four small fulvous dots; the sides of the thorax beneath the wings are also spotted with fulvous, and the abdomen has four longitudinal streaks of the same colour, This beautiful species was brought from St. Domingo by John Hearne, Esq. F.Z.S., &c. 38 Mr. Templeton’s Descriptions XI. Descriptions of some Species of the Lepidopterous Genus Oiketicus, from Ceylon. By Ropert Temeeton, Esq., R.A. (in a Letter addressed to J. O. Westwood.) [Read 6th April, 1846. ] “ Tertia species, ni fallor, mox describenda.”— Rev, L. Guilding, Linn. Trans, xv. p. 375. Axout fourteen months ago, while searching a stunted bush (Citrus decumana) for caterpillars, I observed, depending from one of the branches, a singularly formed cocoon, whose mode of attachment excited my attention. I brought home the branch and placed it in one of my breeding boxes, the lid of which was formed of glass. After a few hours, happening to pass, I was surprised to find that the cocoon had left the place where I had deposited it, and had become attached to the glass, a fine thread from the tail still, however, connecting it to the branch. I anticipated the pos- session of a gigantic Psyche, but after a little time I recollected that I had met with a somewhat similar cocoon figured somewhere in the Linnean Transactions, and on searching found the paper of the Rev. L. Guilding, which left me without a doubt of its being a new “ Otketicus.”’ ‘Taking another peep into the box I found my new acquaintance with its head out, and perceived that it corresponded exactly with the figure given in his plate 2, in form, and nearly in size (fig. 6), but differed slightly in the dark mark- ings on the head. The mode of marching along the glass was very curious: swinging its head from side to side, it attached by its spinnerets twenty minute threads, a quarter of an inch long, to the glass; it then hooked its fore claws into the loop, ad- vanced a step and begun another set 0°2 from the former; in this way it marched about three inches in half an hour, reaching the wooden side of the box, across which it descended by a precisely similar course of operations: when disturbed it immediately re- tired within the cocoon, the funnel-shaped membrane or hood, attached to the more rigid front of the cocoon, closing up the mouth; when it has advanced to such a distance that the fine thread which steadies the smaller extremity or tail becomes too much tightened to permit a farther stretching, it is disengaged and a new attachment formed to some other body, usually a leaf or fine twig, which will yield an inch or two without the thread breaking. I supplied fresh leaves (C. decumana) every day; in about two weeks I found it attached to the glass by the extremity of some Species of Lepidopterous Genus Oiheticus. 39 of the hood, a numerous set of fine lines radiating from its floccu- lent edges, and attaching themselves and it to the glass. In this state it remained about two months, when I noticed an unusual bustle in the box, and found, on examination, a most active little creature just emerged from the case; he was dashing about as if mightily impatient of the narrow limits put to his excursions, lashing his long tail about with much vivacity. Before I could secure him he had injured himself much against the twigs, leaves and sides of the box, but fortunately not sufficiently to obliterate the characteristic markings on the wings. I transferred him to my insect case, and named him in compliment to Mr. Guilding’s prophecy, Oiketicus tertius. (PI. V. fig. 1.) Body purplish black, covered with very coarse longish hairs. Abdomen dark brown with lateral tufts. Antenne brown; basal half pectinated. Anterior legs with strong marginal hairs ; tarsi and hinder legs nearly naked. Wings dark grey, elongate, covered with coarse pulvinuli, a black triangular dash in the centre, with two smaller, less distinct in a line, towards the tip. Posterior wings securiform, triangular, concolorous. It belongs to same division with O. Kirbi. in May last I received from my friend Mr. Ff. Layard another cocoon of larger size, which he found on a cinnamon bush; I supplied the inmate with leaves of different kinds, but could not discover any that it would touch. It soon attached itself to the glass, and has remained there ever since. In July last Mr. R. Dawson brought me from his coffee estate in Saffragam a large female nearly of the size of the magnified figure in plate 2 (Lin. Trans.) : it was found on the leaf of Delima sarmentosa. The case is singular, being composed of a little bundle of sticks placed parallel to each other, one inch and a half long, twelve in number, tied together by a few fine threads wrapped round the whole at the top, and a similar set at the bottom, and interiorly connected by threads, which form the outer envelope of the soft silky cocoon in which the animal resides; the expansile neck is precisely similar to that described above. Before I could get a drawing taken, she had attached herself to the glass per- manently, and I have been afraid to touch it since. I am satisfied it is a female, from an account given me of the whole process of sexual intercourse with a male, by Mr. F. Dick, on the authority of his superintendent, who had observed them more than once, 40 Mr. Saunders’s Remarks I expect specimens from this gentleman. It is from size and the brilliant yellow colour of the head and first rings unquestionably a new species. In August I found on another pamplemos bush two more cocoons resembling nearly exactly those of the male described, but rather smaller and more conical. One of them came out on the 22d of October, warm moist weather, and I got, but much injured, the following species, which, from its agreeing so closely with O. (Cryptothelea, Duncan) Macleayi, I have named, Orketicus (Cryptothelea) consortus. (Pl. V. fig. 7.) Body brown, covered with coarse longish brown hairs, abdomen brownish, nearly naked, last annuli yellow, with dark margins; anterior legs with marginal brown hairs; posterior nearly naked ; middle intermediate in this character; antenne pectinate to the tip, dark brown. Wings uniform brown, broad. Plate V. fig. 1, Otketicus tertius, natural size; fig. 2, cocoon; fig. 3, pupa case ; fig. 4, exhibiting the ribbed appearance of a ring ; fig. 5, male suspended at rest; fig. 6. cocoon of Oiketicus consortus ; fig, 7, O. consortus natural size; fig. 8, case found Delima surmentosa,. XII. Remarks on the Habits and Economy of a Species of Oiketicus found on Shrubs in the Vicinity of Sydney, N.S.W. By W.W. Saunpers, Esquire, F. L.S., &c. Drawn up from Notes furnished by W. Stephenson, Esq. [Read Ist February, 1847.] Tue larve are enclosed in a silken case, fortified on the outside with pieces of stick of various lengths, generally about half an inch on the main part, but towards the lower end there are usually a few from one to three inches in length, in the centre of which the lower end of the silken case protrudes free from the sticks, and is very flexible. Through this aperture the larva discharges its excrement and exuvia. The upper or head extremity of the case is a beautiful tissue of soft silk, forming a tube half an inch in width, through which the larva emerges to feed and change its position. It frequently comes out half its length, but most com- monly only protrudes its six true feet and the four first segments on Habits, &c. of a Species of Oiketicus. 4] of the body. It generally takes the precaution to attach a por- tion of the side of the mouth of the tube to the branch upon which it is feeding, and when any thing touches it unexpectedly, it immediately and with great celerity recedes into the case, draw- ing in the flexible part of the tube after it, and contracting the aperture so as to exclude all enemies. The larve of the largest cases are about three inches in length and half an inch in dia- meter. The abdominal and anal feet are mere circies of small points or hooks with which it moves in the case, taking hold of the beautiful silken lining, to which it can adhere with great per- tinacity. The cases are found suspended on various shrubs, such as the different kinds of Leptospermum, Melaleuca, &c. at all seasons, and are very conspicuous. Previous to changing into the pupa state, the larva firmly fixes itself with silken fibres to some branch or paling, drawing together and permanently closing the head opening. It then reverses its position in the case, and envelopes itself in a beautiful soft silken cocoon of a yellowish white colour, On opening a considerable number of cases I found the insect in various stages of growth in June. The pupa of the largest cases are about two inches in length and half an inch in diameter, and are of a dark chesnut colour. Those of the smaller cases are darker, inclining to black, with the abdomen much attenuated, and about one inch and a half in length. The former are females, the latter males. Notwithstanding the extraordinary care bestowed upon the larvee to protect them from enemies, I have many examples of the depredations of a parasite, and an ichneumon has appeared in more than one instance. August 30. On this day I first observed a yellowish white sub- stance protruding at the lower end of the largest cases, which upon close examination proved to be a portion of the females in the imago state, one-third of their bodies being exposed. About an hour afterwards, examining the cases again, I found the fe- males had receded, and in opening a case the female moth became evident within, and thus they emerge and recede as occasion may require. The female is a large apterous moth, with very little of the ordinary appearance of an insect of the moth kind. The length is about 13 inches, diameter full halfan inch, colour yellowish white, fawn or buff. Head and three first segments of the body naked and glossy on the upper part. Feet very short. Antennz none, or at least not visible to the unassisted eye. Anal segment of the body clothed all round with a dense covering of silky down 42 Mr. Saunders’s Remarks of a deeper colour than the rest of the body. Ovipositor well developed. September 5. Examined some of the females, no males having yet appeared. Two or three were dead; one nearly so, having deposited a great number of ova within the pupa case, which were enveloped in a short silky material. When the female has de- posited all her ova, she is literally nothing but thin skin, which soon desiccates, leaving room for the young larve to pass. I have examined other species of Ovketicus, and find all the females are apterous. September 20. A male imago appeared this morning; it had been in active operation a good while, as evinced by its wings, being much broken at the tips and otherwise much abraded. It is an insect of very peculiar construction, and seems to have some affinity with Zeuzera. It has the extraordinary power of extending the abdomen to two inches in length, and of turning and twisting it in all directions. When in this state it has alternate rings of black and yellow, with a curious appendage at the extremity. The male appears very eager to accomplish the grand object of nature, namely, the continuation of its species, as its existence appears to be of short duration. The large fat or rather distended females have not room to turn their bodies so as to present the generative organs conveniently to the male, consequently the immense de- velopment of the abdomen in the males is of the greatest import« ance; but it appears very extraordinary that the head of the female should be inverted, when it is known that she never emerges from the case unless by accidentally falling therefrom, which position obliges the male when in the act of coition to stretch his abdomen all along the side of the female full 13 inches. This peculiarity appears to me to be the design of the all wise Creator in order to afford a secure place for the defenceless larvae, viz. that of the pupa case of their parent, from which they emerge after the disappearance of their mother’s body, and immediately form themselves silken cases covered with small pieces of any thing they can procure, arranged in every respect like the larger ones. The foregoing interesting details were forwarded to me by Mr. W. Stephenson, and as they refer to an insect which appears to be undescribed [ shall here give a short character of the species to enable future observers to identify it. I shall retain it in the on Habits, &c. of a Species of Oiketicus. 43 genus Otketicus for the present, although I feel convinced that the genus Oiketicus, as established by Mr. L. Guilding in the Linnzean Transactions, will not properly admit the so called species of Oiketici from New South Wales and our East Indian possessions. Indeed Mr. E. Doubleday has already created a subgenus for one ( Thyridopteryx, Stephens) of the clear winged species from Western Australia, in the propriety of which I fully concur. Oiketicus elongatus, W. W. S. Male.—Head rufous brown, with the eyes black. Antenne short, of the same colour. Thorax black, with the anterior half rufous brown. Wings sooty black, with the nervures hyaline ; the anterior pair long, narrow, and sharp pointed, the posterior pair about two-thirds the length of the anterior. Abdomen black, tipped with rufous brown, occasionally much elongated, when it appears as if it were black and brown banded. The brown bands are occasioned by the membrane of the abdomen showing itself at the joints. Legs anterior pair rufous brown, the two posterior pairs black. ‘Tarsi black. Expansion of wings 2 inches. Abundant about Sidney, New South Wales. In the Collections of the British Museum, W. W. Saunders, &c. Female.—Apterous, cylindrical, of a yellowish brown or fawn colour. Head and three first segments of the body naked and glossy above; anal segments covered with silky down of a deeper colour than the rest of the body. Length 13 inch, diameter 3 inch. Tn the Collection of W. W. Saunders. 44 Mr. Robert Templeton’s Motes XIII. Motes upon Ceylonese Lepidoptera. By Roperr TremPLeton, Esq., R.A. [Read 5th October, 1846.] Tue lime trees in Ceylon are occasionally nearly destroyed by the caterpillars of the true Papilionide, namely, Papilio Polym- nestor, Pammon, Polydorus and Hector; but most particularly by the caterpillars of P. Pammon, which strips the trees com- pletely, but this is rare. Very many other Lepidoptera feed likewise on the genus Ciérus, but do no harm as far as I have observed. I have both sexes of P. Mutius, the females are larger and the markings more developed. I have plenty of P. Polydorus and also P. Polytes. I have both sexes of P. Pammon; the male has a little white mark near the anal angle of the posterior wing ; the female an ocellus exactly resembling that of P. Polytes ; all the other markings are the same in both, except in the females they are larger and longer. One half of my specimens of P. Crino? have the green band exactly divided by the closing nerve of the discoid area; in the remainder it is broader and quite clear of the nerve, but there is no other distinction that I can observe either in the ocellus of the posterior wings or in the lunules; the latter variety has the abdomen rather larger and I suspect it to be the female. The male of P. Epius is without the blue lunule, the female has it; and both sexes vary in having or not having one or two spots outside the closing nervure of the discoid cell of this lower wing; beneath, the markings in both are nearly identical, lunule and all. Ihave a Diadema intermediate between Bolina and Auge, the female of which has the apical angle of the same colour as the rest of the wing, traversed by black veins. I believe the brown specimens of Cethosia to be the males, as the large blue ones have much the most tumid bodies. I have a new beautiful Limenitis ? near Procris, dark purple velvet, paler at the margins of the wings, with red patches across the discoid area, and white spots in a curved fork near the apex; hind wings with a double row of black spots along the exterior margin band with crimson towards the exterior angle, and a similar dot behind the anal one; all the spots are crimson beneath except the white ones. Charazes, Nos. 104 and 105, are certainly sexes of the same species, the latter I think the male ;* the pupa case is nearly globular, and is * No. 105 is Charaxes Bernhardus, No. 104 is Charaves Psaphon, Westw. Cab. Orient. Ent, pl. 21, fig. sup. upon Ceylonese Lepidoptera. 45 represented in plate V. fig. 9, a section of it being figured in fig. 10. Of Polyommatus I have twelve species, or very distinct varieties ; of T'hecla twenty-five, some very distinct and beautiful. Of some genera of minute Lepidoptera 1 have beautiful series, especially of the Pyralide ; and of the china-marks, and their allies, some very handsome species. It may be worthy of notice that if a Centipede be mutilated by a blow which only half kills it, after its death it contracts in length to a very great degree, whence I was formerly led to believe this to be a specific peculiarity. I may also add, in correction of a previous remark of mine, that I now possess numbers of the cast skins of the Ceylonese species of Phrynus. XIV. Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. By Carrarn THomas Hurron. In a letter addressed to J. O. Westwocd, Esq. [Read 5th October, 1846.] Mussooree, 26th June, 1846. My DEAR Sir, Your letter was duly received, and I would long ere this have answered it had I not wished to do so after another careful examination of the manner in which the Saturnia Selene (Plectropteron Diana) effects its exit from the silken cocoon. After such examination however I can find nothing to alter or add to my former notice of the insect, except that I have made a rough sketch of the caterpillar (Plate V. fig. 11.) and enclose it in this letter; the colours are dull compared to those of the living insect, and the green is beautifully soft and almost transparent, while at the same time the animal feels crisp and firm to the touch; the sketch is very imperfect and faulty, but will convey the figure of the caterpillar accurately enough if not already known. You state in your letter that you cannot believe the escape from the cocoon is effected by the instrument I pointed out, (namely the appendages at the sides of the front of the thorax,) because that is present in all Lepidoptera; this however, so far from upsetting my statement, should rather lead to the suspicion that many other species may effect their escape in the same manner as S. Selene, particularly as in many cases it is not VOL. Ve | F 46 Captain T. Hutton’s Motes on Indian Lepidoptera. positively known how such escape is made. Look to Saturnia for instance, or at least to some of the genus, which are described as having “no mouth and as taking no nourishment in the imago slate ;’ how does such a moth effect its escape? It cannot be by ejecting a fluid from the mouth to dissolve the threads, because the mouth is wanting; it must therefore be done by some such instrument as that already pointed out, or by a fluid from the anus. In regard to the common Tusseh moth of India, which is said to possess no mouth, the escape from the cocoon, which is very hard indeed, is effected by a liquid and not by cutting; this I have frequently watched; the liquid must surely be from the anus, since the mouth is wanting; the new mulberry moth which you have kindly noticed (Bombyx Huttoni, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. pl. 12, f. 4,) likewise effects its escape, as does B. mori, by moisture, but whether from mouth or anus is, I suspect, not precisely deter- mined. In the 112th number of the Annals of Natural History I see Captain Boys remarks that he had never observed any Lucani in the plains of India, although very common in the Himalayas: Lucanus Girafa of Olivier has nevertheless been captured at Saugor in central India by Mr. Benson, and I took it abun- dantly last year at the foot of the hills in the Deyrah Dhoon ; that valley however, at the place where the insect was taken, has an elevation of about 3500 feet above the sea. I likewise last year obtained a very curious and interesting beetle at Mussooree, elevation about 6500 feet ; it was cut out of the trunk of an oak tree which was being broken up for fire wood; it is allied to Scarabeus longimanus, and belongs, I suspect, to the genus Hucheirus. I shall send it home shortly, and beg of you to present it to the Ento- mological Society of London, with my best respects. Mr. Benson obtained the thorax of another specimen from a similar situation, and a lad at this place possesses a perfect male likewise, but will not part with it. 1845 was the first year in which any of us sus- pected the existence of such an insect up here, and yet we have in some instances collected for the last ten years. By the bye, I observed in a former number of the Annals and Mag. Nat. His- tory, that you had read before the Entomological Society an extract of a letter from Colonel Hearsey, in which he states that he had seen Papilio Pammon and P. Polytes in coitu; this appears to induce, or rather to confirm, an opinion which had previously been entertained, namely, that the insects were identical, being the two sexes of the same species. This opinion I am convinced is wrong, and the insects totally distinct as species, and my reasons are these; viz. Ist, I possess specimens of males and females of Captain T. Hutton’s Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. 47 both species; 2nd, the fact of their being taken in coitu is no more conclusive evidence of identity of species, than the same act between the ass and the mare would be! or the linnet and canary, or of depraved man with the brute beast! ‘The species being nearly allied, may in certain cases where the females of either are scarce, or have been destroyed by some mischance, lead the amorous male to couple with the nearly allied species, in order merely to gratify his fierce desires, but we have no proof of the female becoming prolific from such intercourse; nor if we had, could it furnish more evidence than in the case of the horse and ass. I shall endeavour by the end of the year to make up a box of insects for the Entomological Society, and another for yourself, which I must beg you to accept. I shall likewise endeavour to procure a supply of the new mulberry silk worm; the eggs which I had procured for you were kept in too warm a situation, and hatched at a season when there were no mulberry leaves, so that they all died. In the meantime, I send you a few remarks on the genus Papilio, which will show what we have here in that genus. Order LEPIDOPTERA. Section 1. LeprporprERA DIURNA. Family 1. PAPILIONIDZ. Genus 1. Parinio. Sp. 1. Papilio Machaon. The Swallow-tail Butterfly. It does not appear to differ from examples of the European insect which I possess. At Deyrah, in the valley of the Dhoon, it is seen on the wing as early as February, and in April, its cater- pillars are abundant there on the carrot. At Mussooree, in the hills, it appears in the latter end of March and continues till October. The caterpillar is green, with a black velvety trans- verse band across each segment, bearing four spots of bright orange ; it possesses the orange coloured retractile process in the head, from which exudes a liquid drop of a strong aromatic scent, when the insect is touched, precisely as in the European cater- pillar. The food is the wild and garden carrot, and the leaves and flowers of the raddish. I have taken the caterpillars at Mussooree early in May, and the pupa on the 18th May. The same species is abundant at Simla, and extends far into the interior. Sp. 2. P. Podalirius. This species, if it really does exist in these parts, must be 48 Captain T. Hutton’s Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. extremely rare, for during a five years’ residence at Mussooree, I have never been fortunate enough to see a specimen either on the wing, or in collections made here. In 1841, however, I cap- tured a caterpillar, which I believed to belong to this insect, but to my great disappointment, it produced nothing. I therefore mention the existence of this butterfly at Mussooree, from having seen a very exact painting of the insect, done some years ago by a lady who captured a specimen near the village of Bhuttah, near Mussooree. The evidence of its occurrence may be considered insufficient, but this notice may induce collectors to make a close search for the species. Sp. 3. P. Epius. Occurs in the Deyrah Dhoon, and likewise in the hills during summer. Donovan gives the habitat “ China,’ and Cramer, who figures it under the name of P. Erithonius, (Plate 232, A B,) says it is very common in China, Java, and on the coast of Coromandel, but never at the Cape of Good Hope. I have received it from Madras, and frequently took it at Neemuch, in Western India; the caterpillar feeds on the citron, and is green, with a reddish or orange coloured head; the fourth segment of the body is also bordered with the same colour, and there is a lateral oblique stripe on the hinder parts, which is blackish and edged with white ; the spiracles are black; there are two short tentacular horns projecting from the anterior segment, and two others from the anal segment, beneath which latter is a whitish stripe, running obliquely forwards and downwards; a white lateral stripe above the legs, which are yellowish. It is very like the larva of P. Pammon, figured by Horsfield, except that the latter has no tentacular horns. Sp. 4. P. Demoleus. This likewise occurs in the Dhoon and in the hills; it very closely resembles the last, but is readily distinguished by the red spot at the inner margin of the lower wings, having a blue eye- shaped mark above it. It is figured by Donovan as a Chinese insect, and Boisduval gives the ‘‘ coast of Guinea, Senegal, and Madagascar ;” Fabricius again gives the East Indies, and says “the larva is solitary, smooth, of a yellowish green colour, with a reddish head, two tentacles on the neck, and a bifid tail. Bois- duval again applies this to P. Hpius, stating that P. Demoleus has been reared at Senegal by M. Dumolin, and that the larva feeds on the citron trees.’"’"—(Westwood’s Donovan’s Insects of China.) Boisduval seems to be right in referring this description of the Captain T. Hutton’s Motes on Indian Lepidoptera. 49 larva to P. Epius, but considering how nearly the two species are allied, it is not surprising that the larva should be very similar, and the description of the larva of the one species may therefore very nearly suit the other also. P. Demoleus, however, is not confined to Africa, as Boisduval’s remarks would lead one to sup- pose, but is found in China according to Donovan, and in India according to Fabricius; the latter statement I can corroborate, for the species is far from uncommon here. It is figured by Donovan, and also by Cramer, (plate 231, A B,) who states that it is from the Cape of Good Hope.* Sp. 5. P. Protenor. Donovan figures the female, and Cramer gives both sexes (plate 49, A B) as found in China. It is by no means an un- common species in the warm glens of these hills during the summer months, and it is common in the Dhoon. Its flight is somewhat heavy and unsteady. Sp. 6. P. Dissimilis. Occurs in warm glens as well as in the Dhoon, but it does not appear to be very numerous. It is figured by Cramer (plate 82, C D), and said to be from China, where it is supposed to be common, as almost every collection from that country is said to contain them. Sp. 7. P. Panope. Is found rather sparingly in the hills during summer, but is more abundant in the Dhoon. It is figured by Cramer (plate 295, E F) as coming from China. Sp. 8. P. Polytes. Cramer gives plate 265, C, as the female of P. Polytes, A B ; in this he is wrong, as I have taken males and females of both. P. Polytes, A B, is not uncommon here during the rainy season, and at Rajpore, at the foot of the hills, it is frequently met with. Cramer’s figure C is a distinct species, which is also found here, but its name is unknown to me. Cramer gives the habitat China, Java, and coast of Coromandel, to which may be added the Hima- Jayan vallies, the Deyrah Dhoon, Neemuch, and Saugor. Sp. 9. P. Pammon. This is the most common species of the genus, being sometimes * [Dr. Templeton states (ante, p. 44,) the distinction of the sexes of P. Epius, which Captain Hutton has evidently regarded as two species.—J. O. W.] VOL, V, G 50 Captain T. Hutton’s Votes on Indian Lepidoptera. seen in dozens in the same field at Rajpore, and elsewhere in the Dhoon during the months of August and September ; nor are they uncommon in the glens of these mountains. They are subject to great variety in the size of the white spots which compose the band on the posterior wings, as well as in the size and colour of the lunules on the under side. It is figured by Cramer (plate 141, B), and stated to occur in China, on the coast of Coromandel, and in Bengal. It is found also at Saugor, in Central India, and I have received it from Madras. Mr. Westwood mentions in his ‘Arcana Entomologica,” that Colonel Hearsey had observed P. Pammon and P. Polytes chasing each other con amore, and that this fact partially confirms the statement of Boisduval as to their specific identity. Boisduval’s supposition, however, is decidedly incorrect, for | have repeatedly taken the males and females of the two species; besides which, the fact of the one chasing the other could furnish no evidence, since I took at Neemuch a fine specimen of a male Euplea Plexippus actually in coitu with Huplea Chry- sippus, and yet there can be no doubt whatever of the distinctness of these as species. It may so happen that in some seasons, the females, from particular causes, are scarce, and the males, burning with fierce desire, may not improbably give chase to and even couple with closely allied species, but this fact is no more conclu- sive evidence of identity of species, than the same act between the ass and the mare would be; or between the linnet and the canary. It merely shows that nearly allied species may, under certain circumstances, couple together for the purpose of satisfy- ing their desires, but we have no proof of the female becoming prolific from such intercourse, nor even if we had, could it furnish more evidence than that we derive from the breeding of the horse with the ass. Sp. 10. P. Glycerion, Gray. This very delicate and beautiful species is figured in West- wood’s ** Arcana Entomologica ;” it is rather rare with us, and I have never seen it on the wing. Mr. Westwood’s figure is taken from a specimen captured at or near Simla, Sp. 11. P. Agestor. Is described by Mr. G. R. Gray as from Sumatra, but West- wood’s figure is from a specimen taken in India. It is one of the earliest of the genus, being found in woody situations in April and May, dancing lightly over the tops of low bushes and trees, with a sailing kind of flight, gliding along without moving the wings. It is by no means rare at Mussooree. Captain T. Hutton’s Votes on Indian Lepidoptera. 651 Sp. 12. P. Sarpedon. Is one of the commonest, but not the least beautiful of our butterflies ; it appears early in May, and is found till the end of the rains in September. It usually frequents the top of oak trees, where it flits about with a jumping or jerking flight, and is some- what difficult to capture from its quickness, and the height at which it keeps. It is figured by Cramer (plate 122, D E), and stated to be from China and Amboyna. Sp. 13. P. Cloanthus, Westwood. Is very common in fine warm weather, flitting with great rapidity over the tops of the forest trees. It usually selects some lofty oak, over the summit of which it continues to dance with a jerking flight like that of P. Sarpedon, until its domain is invaded by another individual, when a rapid chase round and round the tree takes place; one while they dart away from the tree down the side of the steep mountain, but ever and anon return to the favourite tree, until one is fairly driven off, when the other resumes its dance as before. It is difficult to capture, from its high and rapid flight. It appears in the end of April, and con- tinues throughout the summer. It is most nearly allied to the foregoing, but has tails to the posterior wings. It is figured in Westwood’s beautiful work the “ Arcana Entomologica.” These are all the species of this genus with which I am as yet acquainted as inhabitants of these hills, but should such like com- munications be acceptable, I shall be very happy occasionally to record any facts that may come to my knowledge. P.S. Since writing the above, it has occurred to me that I am wrong in saying we have no other species of Papilio, as there is certainly one, and probably two others. One seems to be very closely allied to, if not identical with, P. Arcturus, but there are some points of difference which make me hesitate to pronounce them identical ; this one is very common in the Dhoon, and in warm glens in the hills, during the latter part of the summer or rainy season; the other species or variety differs in having no tail to the blue patch on the posterior wings,—the patch being a mere large spot, and the under surface has red Junules also, In P. Arcturus, a yellow crescent spot is represented by Westwood at the eye spot of the posterior wings, which neither of my species possesses, 52 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions XV. Descriptions of several new Species of Helide from Australia. By the Rev. Frep. Wiui1am Hops, F.R.S. &e. [Read 6th July, 1846.] Tue Marquis de Breme, in the year 1842, published the first part of his “ Monograph des Cossyphides,” in which he describes all the species of Heleus occurring in the collections of London and Paris. Thirty-eight only are mentioned, and at the period of its publication it was considered an important acquisition, as few individuals possessed even a single specimen in their Cabinets. Several of the species were described from my collection, and as I possess nearly all which are published I have little doubt that the others which are now described for this Society will be found to be new. I am inclined to consider Heleus as a group of much more importance than Cossyphus, and one which may be considered as analogous to Cossyphus, but totally distinct: little is known respecting its habits. In looking to the entomological fauna of Australia I do not see any reason why Cossyphus should not eventually appear there ; most probably it exists ; as in contrasting the groups of Asia and New Holland I find a preponderance of Asiatic types, with a mixture of forms altogether Australian, On this point however I need not dilate at present: it only remains for me to add, that, wishing to see described all the species of Heleus occurring in our metropolitan Cabinets or elsewhere, ‘I shall feel obliged by the loan of any new species which Members of this Society may transmit to me for such a purpose. Family HELASID/, Hope. Sp. 1. Heleus princeps, Hope. (PI. VI. fig. 1.) Fuscus, disco in medio nigricante, marginibus pallidioribus seu rubro-fuscis, pedibusque concoloribus. Thorax antrorsum rotundatus (angulis anterioribus complicatis) ; foramen antice latius quam longius, postice tuberculo elevato nigricanti, foramine utrinque satis conspicuo. Elytra late ovalia, postice rotundata, medio disci atriori, suturdque elevata, sexque punctatis lineis elevatis in singulo apparentibus, marginibus late piceo-fulvis, punctisque atris elevatis sparsim aspersis. Corpus infra fusco-brunneum. Pedes concolores. Long. lin. 154, lat. Jin. 93. In Mus. D. Hope. The above magnificent insect, considerably larger than any of several new Species of Heleide. 53 species of Helcus hitherto described, was sent to me by Captain Roe of Swan River; it was taken at Norfolk Sound. Sp. 2. Heleus contractus, Hope. (Pl. VI. fig. 2.) Ater, ovatus, postice vix dilatatus, antennis piceis; thorace marginibus elevatis, linedque medid longitudinali elevata. Elytra sub lente tribus lineis parum distinctis notata, spar- simque punctulata. Corpus infra atro-piceum, abdomine colore piceo inquinato, pedibusque concoloribus. Long. lin. 94, lat. lin. 33. In Mus. D. Hope. The above insect inhabits the vicinity of the Swan River, and, as by some individuals it may be considered at a future period as forming a subgenus, I give the following anatomical sections :— Fig. 2a, mandible; 2b, maxilla; 2c, mentum, labium, and labial palpi; 2d, antenna; 2e, extremity of tibia and base of tarsus of the fore leg. Sp. 3. Heleus Spinole, Hope. (PI. VI. fig. 3.) Niger, thorace marginibusque elytrorum atro-brunneis, pedi- busque piceis. Ovatus, capite depresso, subrugoso; angulis thoracis haud complicatis, elytris in medio longis, pilis crispis et atris obsitis. Corpus infra piceum, pedibus concoloribus. Long. lin. 93, lat. lin. 64. In Mus, D. Hope. Habitat cirea Fluvium Cygneum. The above insect is closely allied to Heleus perforatus of Kirby, but differs considerably in form,* it appears to be mediate between H. perforatus and Spenci, differing from both of them. Itis named in honour of the Marquis of Spinola, a veteran in Entomology, and lately the author of a splendid Monograph on the Cleride. Fig. 3a, mandible; 3b, maxilla; 3c, mentum, labium, and labial palpi; 3d, antenna. Sp. 4. Heleus testudineus, Hope. (Pl. VI. fig. 4.) Lato-ovalis, cznicolor, squalidus, capite depresso, angulis * [It is of a much more regularly oval form, with each extremity somewhat acute; the anterior angles of the prothorax are subtruncate in front of the eyes and do not overlap each other, leaving an open space of nearly the breadth of the head. ‘The dise of the prothorax has two impressed spots, and wants the central posterior tubercle which exists in H, perforatus—J. O. W.] 54 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions anticis thoracis haud complicatis. Elytra sutura elevata, medio disci crebris elevatis lineis satis notato, margine omni lato elytrorum undulato. Corpus infra concolor. Long. lin. 8, lat. lin. 63. In Mus. D. Hope. The above insect was received by Mr. Gould from Port Essington. Fig. 4a, mandible; 46, maxilla; 4c, mentum, labium, and labial palpi; 4d, antenna; 4e, extremity of tibia and base of tarsus of fore leg. Sp. 5. Heleus Bremei, Hope. (Pl. VI. fig. 5.) Orbicularis, brunneo-testaceus, antennis flavescentibus. Tho- rax in medio convexus et atriori colore inquinatus. Elytra testacea, sublutea, glabra, sub lente confertissime punctulata. Corpus infra concolor, pedibus rufo-piceis. Long. lin. 64, lat. lin. 43. Habitat circa Fluvium Cygneum. In Mus. D. Hope. The above insect I have named in honour of the Marquis de Breme, the author of the Monograph on the family of Cossyphus ; at first appearance it resembles in form Emcephalus of Kirby ; it is however allied to Cilibe orbicularis. Fig. 5a, maxilla ; 56, mentum, labium, and labial palpi. Sp. 6. Heleus echinatus, MacLeay. (Pl. VII. fig. 1.) Ater, convexus, thorace angulis anticis complicatis, linedque longitudinale media ad scutellum interrupta. Elytra echinata tuberculisque obsita. Corpus infra nigrum, pedibus conco- loribus. Long. lin. 62, lat. lin. 4. The above species was sent to me by Mr. William Sharpe Mac- Leay, under the name of echinata, which I have retained, as it differs considerably in form from all other species,* and may form * [This species is most nearly allied to Heleus ovatus, Guérin, Voy. de la Coquille, t. 5, f. 7, but differs from that species in its longer and more regular form, the thorax having a semicircular outline, and not being ‘‘ un peu rétréci en avant,” and the tubercles of the elytra are replaced in H. ovatus by broad spines.—J. O. W.] of several new Species of Heleide. 56 at a future period the type of a new subgenus. Its anatomical details are given. Fig. 1a, mandible; 1, maxilla; 1c, mentum, labium, and labial palpi; i d, antenna. Sp. 7. Heleus simplex, Hope. (PI. VII. fig. 2.) Silphzformis, ater, capite subdepresso. Thorax convexus, marginibus elevatis. Elytra lineis elevatis haud valde con- spicuis; per totum discum puncta sub lente confertissime apparent. Corpus infra nigrum, nitidum, femoribus tibiisque concoloribus tarsisque flavo-spongiosis. Long. lin. 8, lat. lin. 43. In Mus. D. Hope. Received from Captain Roe, of the Swan River. Fig. 2a, extremity of tibia, and tarsus of fore leg. Sp. 8. Heleus tarsalis, Hope. (Pl. VII. fig. 3.) Phosphugzformis, ater, antennis subpilosis et piceis. Thorax convexus, lateribus externis margine elevato conspicuis. Ely- tra nigra, lineis elevatis notata, insterstitiis valde punctulatis. Corpus infra nigrum tarsis pedum flavo-spongiosis. Long. lin. 6, lat. lin. 33. In Mus. D. Hope. The above species is also from the Swan River. Fig. 3 a, extremity of tibia, and tarsus of fore leg. 9. Heleus marginellus, Hope. (PI. VII. fig. 4.) Ater, antennis concoloribus ; thorace convexo, crebrissime sub- tuberculato, marginibusque lateralibus rubro-piceis. Elytra ternis lineis majoribus rugoso-elevatis conspicua, granulisque crebris in interstitiis satis apparentibus, margineque externo elytrorum rubro-piceo. Corpus infra nigrum, pedibus piceis. Long. lin. 8, lat. lin. 5. The above three species evidently form a section. The anato- mical details are given in the plate. It was received from Norfolk Sound, and is, I believe, unique at present. Fig. 4a, maxilla; 4, mentum, labium, and labial palpi; 4c, extremity of tibia, and base of tarsus of fore leg. 56 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions, &c. Genus Saracus, Hrichson, Archiv. f. Naturg. 1842, p. 171. Saragus levicollis, Fabricius (Stpha). (Pl. VII. fig. 5.) Fig. 5a, maxilla; 56, mentum, Jabium, and labial palpi ; 5c, antenna ; 5d, extremity of tibia, and base of tarsus of fore leg. Genus Mirua. MacLeay. Sp. unica. Mitua Bidwell, MacLeay’s MSS. (PI. VII. fig. 6.) Opatriformis, fuscus, antennis piceis. Caput depressum. Tho- rax angulis anticis porrectis subacutis, disco parum excavato et subpiloso. Elytra vix convexa, subdepressa, sutura elevata lineisque quatuor tuberculosis in singulo conspicua. Corpus infra concolor; margine externo elytrorum abdomen ambi- ente, internoque perforato seu valde varioloso. Long. lin. 53, lat. lin. 23. The above insect was sent to me under the name of Mitua Bidwelli, by Mr. William Sharpe MacLeay, which name I have retained ; and as it is the type of a distinct genus, the anatomical details are given. Fig. 6a, labrum ; 66, mandible; 6c, maxilla; 6d, mentum, labium, and labial palpi; 6, antenna. Mr. Smith on Trypoxylon. 57 XVI. Observations on the Sphex figulus of Linneus ; (Try- poxylon figulus, Latr., Fab., &c.); and other Hymenoptera. By F. Smirsz, Esq. {Read 5th July, 1847.] Trypoxylon figulus, previous to the year 1835, was generally con- sidered to be a parasitic insect, about which period Mr. Johnson detected it conveying a species of Aphis into its nest, as recorded in Mr. Shuckard’s Monograph on the British Fossores, I had myself certainly considered it to be parasitic, and its habit of frequenting old posts, dry sand banks, &c., constantly prying into every hole it meets with, strengthened my opinion. Subse- quent observation shows how careful naturalists ought to be in forming conclusions, derived either from partial observation, or founded upon immaterial structural differences. In the month of June, 1845, I met with a complete colony of Trypoxylon, formed in a dry sandbank ; their numbers were truly astonishing, the insect being usually solitary in its habits. On the top of the bank was a close hawthorn hedge, an admirable situa- tion in which to find its prey, generally consisting of spiders. It was quite amusing to observe the rapidity with which they captured and conveyed their prey. Last summer, I observed several females busy about an old decayed post. One I detected burrowing with great assiduity ; others were conveying their prey, which in this instance consisted of Aphides. 1 dug out several of the masses of Aphides, on some of which a small larva was feeding, and on another I detected an egg, which was hatched in four days. It grew rapidly, and in ten days it had consumed the whole of its stock of food, the legs and wings alone remaining. It then remained in astate of iethargy from three to four days, when it commenced spinning its cocoon ; this occupied three or four days more. The cocoons are oblong, a little rounded at each end, and their length varies from four to six or seven lines; in texture they exactly resemble the semi- transparent French tracing-paper. Having spun the cocoon, the larva remains in a state of lethargy until the following spring, when at the end of April it casts offa larva skin, becomes a pupa, and then gradually assumes the perfect state; the head becoming first visible, then the wings, and afterwards the legs present them- selves; it is then of a pale amber colour, which gradually becomes darker and darker, until it changes to jet black. A few warm 58 Mr. Smith on Trypoxylon. days now rouse the insect from its inactivity, and it by degrees struggles to free itself from the thin pellicle in which it is enveloped. The spines at the apex of the tibia are of essential service; with these it frees its antenne of their covering, by drawing them be- neath the spines, and by that means readily strips it off; they also serve to push the thin skin off the body, legs, &e. The first warm day now serves to call the insect forth into active life. This insect, it will be observed, by no means confines itself to one kind of food. The same I have observed of Tachyies pom- piliformis, which at one times elects a Lepidopterous larva, and at another a species of grasshopper. I would also record an observation which I made last autumn upon Mellinus arvensis, which has been stated to carry dead flies to the young larva when hatched; this is undoubtedly true to some extent, as I dug out nests in which the young larva was feeding, and into which I had observed the parent insect carry a dead fly. It is the usual mode with solitary insects to store up as much food as is necessary, and then to deposit the egg; but Mellinus deposits an egg on the first fly stored, and then continues to com- plete the necessary supply, the larva being hatched before she has completed her task. I have also to record the same habit of the common sand wasp, Ammophila sabulosa, which deposits an egg upon the first caterpillar which she stores up, a circumstance which I have frequently observed. One which came under my observation last summer, I detected busily engaged in pulling out the small pebbles, &c., with which she had stopped up the en- trance to her burrow. I dug out the insect and found a larva feeding on a caterpillar previously deposited. I believe the dif- ference of habit to result merely from the time of depositing the egg, and not in the insect periodically supplying the larva, as in the case of gregarious Hymenoptera. Mr. John Edward Gray on Cheirotonus Parrii. 59 XVII. Description of Cheirotonus Parrii, a new Species of the Family Euchiride. By Joun Epwarp Gray, Esq., ELR.S:, &e. {Read 7th June, 1847.] Havine recently acquired a pair of a species of the genus Cheiro- tonus from Northern India, and Captain Parry having kindly brought his specimen of the male of Ch. Macleaii to the Museum for comparison, I have been induced to draw up the following distinctive characters of the two species. Cuerroronus Macteatt, Hope. Brassy green, with large yellow spots on the elytra. Front of the femur of forelegs angu- larly produced in the centre. Tibia of forelegs very long, strongly curved, and sharply bent inwards at the end, with a subcentral elongated spine above, and a similar spine at the end; oblong, rather compressed, with a few scattered asperities on the upper sur- face, and with two minute spines on the lower outer surface. Thorax punctated with a triangular slight impression in the middle of the front edge. Scutellum polished. Cuetroronus Parru, Gray. Brassy green, the elytra marbled with yellow. Front of the femur of forelegs with a small spine on the middle. Tibia of the forelegs moderate, very slightly arched, with two similar spines above, subtrigonal, with scattered aspe- rities on the upper surface, and with three spines on the lower outer edge. Thorax deeply and coarsely punc- tured, with a small angular projection in the middle of the front edge. Scutellum deeply punctured. Mr. Westwood, in describing Capt. Parry’s specimen (Cabinet Oriental Ent. p. 3,) observes, that at the extremity of the tibia “there is a small thick moveable spine.” I suspect that Mr. Westwood has mistaken a slight notch in the upper surface for a joint ; for the terminal spine is exactly similar to the one near the middie, and as continuous with the rest of the tibia. 60 Mr, F. Walker's Wotes on Aphides. XVIII. Motes on Aphides. By F. Waker, Esq. In a Letter addressed to W. Spence, Esq. [Read 6th September, 13847.] Grove Cottage, Southgate, August 16th, 1847. My pear Sir, I nave received your obliging letter, and I shall be happy to send you any information I can respecting Aphides, but my knowledge of them is as yet very slight. I believe that the dock is one of the plants from which the black bean Aphis (A. Rumicis), is hatched from the egg in the spring, and that the second genera- tion, which is winged, migrates thence to the bean, pea, thistle, chenopodium, &c. &c. It afterwards settles on a great variety of other plants, but does not appear to thrive on them ; however, it sometimes swarms in great profusion on the laburnum, broom, and furze; it was very abundant last autumn on the furze near Lancaster, and was accompanied by the male in November, and the wingless female then deposited her eggs on the spikes of that plant. Many, especially the migratory species, have wingless and winged broods alternately, and the migrations of the latter serve several purposes; they prevent the extinction of a race which would otherwise follow the withering of its food; they cause the injury inflicted to be in general but temporary, and they distribute and thereby equalize it over a district or country. I believe that the migrations are merely in search of fresh food for themselves and young ones, and not to deposit eggs, and that, generally speaking, the migratory swarms are all females, the males not appearing till late in the autumn. I began to attend to dphides last year, and I did not observe any males till October and No- vember, when I saw them in the following species, A. Platanoidis, Betule, Fagi, Tilia, Rubi, Viburni, Persice, Ribis, Mali, Sorbi, Dichoda, and afew more. ‘The winged males of the above named species all paired with wingless Sake previous to the egg- laying of the latter. Some species are always wingless, or perhaps in fine warm seasons a winged individual may now and then appear amongst the swarms; in other species all the broods are winged till the Jast, wherein the wingless oviparous female pairs with the winged male; but in the majority of species the wingless and winged generations are alternate, and the second brood are always winged. ‘The best treatises on Aphides that I have Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Aphides. 61 read, are one by Dr. Richardson (Phil. Trans.), and one by W. Curtis (Linn. Trans.) As far as I have remarked, the obser- vations of the writer in the Phil. Trans., which you quote, are correct in regard to several species. I have never seen a male pairing with a winged female, but Mr. Hardy, an entomologist of Newcastle, informed me last year that he had observed such to be the case with one species, and I have no doubt of his accuracy. In one species (4. Saliceti), the wingless and winged broods of females are alternate, but in June wingless oviparous females appeared differmg much in structure from their viviparous rela- tions, and accompanied by wingless males, with which they paired. A. juglandicola, a pretty little yellow or orange species on the walnut, is also remarkable; the female has continued viviparizing for the last six weeks, but a short time ago the male suddenly appeared, and after a few days passed away ; it was accompanied by avariety of the female, but I did not observe that they paired. I cannot say that I have seen this year any periodical flight of Aphides, but I do not believe that it was confined to one day nor to one species, the bean Aphis. Last year I distinctly remarked two large flights or migrations of several species; the first in the middle of May, the second in the middle of September; they both occurred on still fine warm days, and I think that the flight of 4phides is too passive and feeble to allow their migrations from along distance. In most species, where the generations are alternate, the winged females migrate as soon as their wings are fully developed and dry, and the chief object of such flights is to place their wingless young ones in possession of fresh pastures, and their existence soon ceases when this purpose is accomplished. Do you think that a comparison of the analysis of different plants would enable us to discover why Aphides prefer some to others in their migrations? 4. Rose migrates from the rose to the teazle, another species from the rose to the blades of corn and grasses, a third from the rose to the columbine, a fourth from the willow to umbelliferous plants, &c. Are their correspondencies in the respective proportions of the constituent parts of these plants ? I remain, my dear Sir, yours sincerely, Francis WALKER. 62 Dr. H. Schaum’s Votes on the XIX. Notes on the Natural History of Aphides, translated from Ratzeburg’s Forstinsecten, Vol. wit. 1844. By Dr. H. Scuaum. [Read 6th September, 1847.] Srxes.—The sexes of the Aphides cannot be completely described, the males being so scarce that they were never seen by Reaumur. Ratzeburg saw those of one species only; Degeer, Kaltenbach, and Bouché, have observed them oftener. Generally the very lively males are winged, but there are also apterous males. In almost all cases they are much smaller than the females; the apterous ones so much so, that the only time when Kaltenbach saw them, he took at first the males, which were in copulation, for young specimens on the back of their mothers. They measured scarcely one-eighth of the size of the females. Also the winged males are generally much smaller. A constant character of this sex is, according to Kaltenbach, the deeply emarginated semilunar shape of the first anal lobe. Meramorrnosis.—It is incomplete, but differs in several points from that of the other Ametabola. It does not always begin with the eggs, but often with the darva state. Besides we find in the same species, Pteromatabola and Apterometabola ; this is proved to be the case in the females, although not quite so well ascertained in the males. The larve are less perfectly articulated, the joints of the antennze fewer, the ocelli wanting, &c. It is surprising that the apterous female parents, consequently imagines, have fewer joints of the antennze than the winged females and larve. It is generally stated, that they cast their skin four times. Hasits.—These soft and tender insects require a mild tempera- ture, a closed place, and a luxurious vegetation. Consequently they are more common in the southern countries and in gardens. They prefer the underside of the leaves, and are more frequent on wood than on grasses and herbs. No indigenous tree is free from them; on the birch and willow from eight to ten species are found. The same species is generally confined to one particular place on the tree. They are, as both Linné and Schrank knew well, generally strictly monophagous. The puncture of their beak very often causes no injury whatever; in other cases, however, diseases and disfigurations are produced by it, which are always the same Natural History of Aphides. 63 in the same species, ‘The most striking monstrosities are often produced only by the minute female parent. Devetopment.—It is well known that the 4phides are propa- gated through many generations in a year; that all those gene- rations are born alive at one period by apterous and at another by winged females ; that the presence of a male is not required, and that the males appear only when, at the end of that enormous multiplication, eggs are deposited by unminged females. Not all of them, however, have many generations, nor are all both ovi- parous and viviparous ; most likely some genera are only vivi- parous, some others only oviparous. Kaltenbach has based on this difference a division into vivi-oviparous, viviparous, and oviparous. Of the two latter we know at present very little. The vivi- oviparous bear during the summer only living young, and _infi- nitely often; in the autumn at the same time with the appearance of the males, eggs are deposited, from which the female parents of the next year are produced. This sometimes happens during the winter, oftener in the next spring. The action of bearing in the summer, as well as the deposition of the eggs in the autumn, can easily and often be observed. ‘They bear often fourteen or fifteen times a day; after the lapse of from four to ten days, the young specimens begin to bear. In June we find often grandmothers and grandchildren together ; the latter are then already often winged. In the same brood there often occur winged and apterous speci- mens; the apterous are always sooner fertile. The deposition of the eggs, which always causes the death of the specimen, takes place in autumn, and always from apterous females, Corutation.—The act of it is seldom observed, the males being so scarce and so small, and observation being seldom made at the exact time it takes place. Bouché saw that the same male copulated with from four to six females, one after another. Hisernation.—The Aphides hibernate generally in the state of eggs; sometimes the female parents survive the winter; those of the viviparous species always. Bouché saw whole colonies hibernate, even males, which had not copulated, Importance in economy to fields, gardens, and forests—The Aphides are in this respect very important; they often cause monstrosities and distortions of leaves, and are often very per- nicious to the crops. The mildew of the grain crops and upon peas is said by several authors to be the product of Aphides ; this is, however, not likely. The number of dphides is sometimes 64 Dr. H. Schaum’s Notes on Aphides. enormous. Kirby and Spence state that they are in England amongst the greatest enemies of vegetation. ‘Their augmentation is favoured by warm weather, sultry air, &c. Means of destruc- tion are hardly applicable. The advice given is to strew powdery substances on low herbs, and this proves generally to be effica- cious; gypsum, powder of lime, salt, &c. The larvee of Cocci- nellide, Hemerobii, and some Syrphi, are their enemies, and these are to be spared. A few additional Observations from an Article by Kaltenbach, in the Entomol. Zeitung of Stettin, 1844. 1. Several genera have no apterous females besides the female parent, but only winged females and nymphe. 2. In some years no winged females appear of some species, which, however, are observed in a more favourable year. For instance, Kaltenbach could not see any winged females of Lachnus querciis in 1844; it was only in 1845 that he found one, XX. Two Decades of new Cetonide. By Dr. H.Scuaum, Secretary of the Entomological Society of Stettin. [Read lst November, 1847. ] Sp. 1. Heterorrhina (Plesiorrhina) Swanzyana, Parry, MS. Supra nigra; subiridescens, thoracis margine laterali pygi- dioque rufo-testaceis, vitta elytrorum laterali flava, subtus rufo-testacea, tibiis tarsisque nigris. Long. 8% lin. Habitat in Guinea. Mus. Parrii. Caput fere ut in Pl. mediana, Westw., formatum, clypeo qua- drato, parum marginato, antice recto, angulis rotundatis, fronte obsolete carinata, nigrum, creberrime punctulatum. Thorax a basi antrorsum angustatus, disco fere levis, lateri- bus punctulatus, niger, subiridescens, margine laterali ultra medium rufo-testaceo. Scutellum nigrum, nitidum, linea longitudinali obsoleta. Coleoptera oblonga, latitudine du- plo longiora, postice parum angustata, sparsim subtilissime punctata, sutura postice subelevata, nigra, subiridescentia, vitta laterali neque humeros neque angulos posteriores at- Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 65 tingente flava. Pygidium rufo-testaceum. Corpus subtus totum cum femoribus rufo-testaceum, tibiis tarsisque nigris, tibiis posticis nigro-ciliatis. Processus sternalis angustus, apice recurvus ¢. Of this species I have only seen one male in the collection of Captain Parry, to whom it was sent by his friend Swanzy, Go- vernor of Fort Dixcove, on the Goldcoast of Guinea. The shape of the head and the colour of the body being the same as in Plesiorrhina mediana, I believe that the female has simple ante- rior tarsi, and that the species consequently belongs to the divi- sion Plesiorrhina. By its elongated shape it resembles Pl. re- curva, Fab. ; Sp. 2. Heterorrhina bicostata, Melly, MS. Smaragdina, punctata, capite quadrato, inermi, thorace parvo, elytris elongatis, bicostatis, sterni mucrone brevi, recto. Long. 10 lin. Habitat in Guinea. Mus. Mellii. Caput inerme, elypeo quadrato, antice truncato viride, nitidum, punctatum. Antenne nigre, clava majore. Thorax parvus, a basi antrorsum angustatus, lateribus obliquis, viridis, nitidus, undique punctulatus. Scutellum magnum, latitudine longius, punctis paucis minimis impressum. Elytra valde elongata, thorace plus duplo longiora, postice vix angustata, smarag- dina, sutura apice subacuminata costisque duabus elevatis fere levibus, interstitiis et lateribus profundius et crebrius punctatis. Subtus smaragdina, processus sternalis parte me- sosternali brevi subdependente, fere recto. Tibize antice in specimine viso inermes, posteriores interne longitudinaliter sulcate, posticee elongate, extus obtuse dentatz, tarsi pos- tici tibiis multo breviores ¢. Having seen one male specimen only, I cannot decide if this species belong to the sectio Coryphocera, Burm., or Plesiorrhina, Burm. The square head is, however, more like that of Cory- phocera viridienea, than that of Plesiorrhina recurva. In its general appearance it much resembles the genus 7Z'mesorrhina, from which it may however be at once distinguished by its narrow sternum. The small thorax, the short posterior tarsi, the sulcated middle and hind tibia, and the shortness of the mesosternal part of the sternal process, are characters peculiar to this species. VOL. V. H 66 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. Sp. 8. Gymnetis pecila. (Pl. VIII. fig. 2.) Atra, supra holosericea, subtus nitida, elytrorum guttis qui- busdam et limbo posteriore, intus bilobato, nigro-punctato flavis. Long. 10—12 lin. Habitat in Mexico. Mus. Berolin., Thoreyi, nostr. G. Sallet quodammodo similis, sed capite thoraceque atris elytrorum signaturis, sterno minore, etc. abunde differt. Caput holosericeum, clypeo quadrato, apice marginato. Thorax et scapule atra, holosericea, immaculata. Coleop- tera thorace latiora, postice parum angustata, supra plana, sutura subelevata; atra, holosericea, parte anteriore guttis maculisque quibusdam lateralibus et basalibus flavis, parte posteriore late flavo-limbata, limbo intus bilobato, lobo ante- riore in fasciam mediam irregularem extenso, limbo ipso nigro-punctato. Pygidium atrum. Corpus subtus atrum, medio nitidum, femoribus anticis tibiisque posterioribus nigro- pilosis. Processus sternalis, ut in similibus, dependens ¢. This species belongs to the same division as G. marmorea, Sallei, &e. Sp. 4. Gymnetis Wollaston. (Plate VIII. fig. 3.) Supra chromatica, irregulariter nigro-maculata, subtus glauca. Long. 14 lin. Habitat in Mexico. Mus. nostr. Caput chromaticum, verticis puncto nigro, clypeo quadrato, marginato. Thorax luteus, maculis numerosis nigris, decem exterioribus in circulo dispositis et interiores radiatas inclu- dentibus. Scapule luteze. Coleoptera thorace latiora, sub- quadrata, postice subangustata, sutura apice subacuminata ; lutea, irregulariter crebre nigro-maculata. Pygidium glau- cum, transversim subtiliter strigosum, glabrum. Corpus subtus cum pedibus glaucum, femoribus anticis tibiis pos- terioribus fulvo-fimbriatis. Processus sternalis magnus, de- pendens, supra angulatus. ‘Tibiz antice tridentate. This beautiful species (which I have dedicated to my friend V. Wollaston) belongs to the tenth division established in the genus Gymnetis, by Professor Burmeister. Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 67 Sp. 5. Gymnetis Dysoni, White, MS. Supra rubra, nigro-maculata, subtus atra nitida, tibiis posterio- ribus nigro-villosis. Long. 10 lin. Habitat Venezuele. D.Dyzon. Mus. Britan. et nostr. Caput cinnabarinum, vertice puncto nigro, clypei margine late nigro, apice subsinuato, Antenne nigre. Thorax cinna- barinus, maculis numerosis nigris, magnitudine et numero variantibus, seriebus quinque longitudinalibus dispositis, prae- ter has macula singula utrinque prope angulum posteriorem. Coleoptera plana, cinnabarina, crebre nigro-maculata, macu- lis juxta suturam in serie dispositis. Pygidium atrum, stri- gosum. Corpus subtus nigrum, nitidum, pectore fortiter punctato, coxis posticis abdominisque segmentis lateribus punctis minutis rubris. Processus sternalis valde dependens, supra carinatus. By its shape and markings this is allied to G. meleagris, Burm., but the colour is the same as in G. hieroglyphica. The hairs of the tibiz are black, &c. Mr. White has alluded to this species in Taylor’s Annals of Natural History, vol. xx. p. 266. Sp. 6. Gymnetis fada. Cinereo-fusca, punctis nigris impressa, scutelli apice fulvo hir- suto, elytris maculis tribus nigris, subtus nigro-villosa. Long. 9—10 lin, Habitat Venezuela. D. Dyson. Mus. Britan., Parrii, et nostr. Caput cinereo-fuscum, punctis nigris impressis, clypeo qua- drato, apice alte marginato, margine reflexo, parum sinuato. Antenne nigre. Thorax cinereo-fuscus, medio magis ob- scurus, signatura obsoleta nigra fere literam M efformante ; disco sparsim punctatus, punctis lateribus multo crebrioribus et aciculatis, setas nigras gerentibus. Scutellum minimum, dense fulvo-hirsutum. Scapule grisea, punctis nigris im- pressis. Elytra postice parum angustata, obsolete costata, costa a medio basi ad callum apicalem decurrente, sutura apice, in mare magis, acuminata, cinereo-fusca, punctis nigris juxta suturam et in dimidio exteriore congestis, maculis tribus nigris, prima in callo humerali, secunda fere media, tertia in callo apicali, fere literam U efformante, lobo liter 68 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetontide. interiore longiore et coste supra descripte: partem posterio- rem occupante. Pygidium dense nigro-strigosum et nigro- setosum. Corpus subtus obscure griseum, dense nigro-stri- gosum et nigro-setosum, pectore abdomineque mediis levi- oribus, glabris. Processus sternalis ut in G. liturata for- matus. Pedes grisei, tarsis nigris, nitidis, femoribus tibiisque nigro-villosis, tibiis anticis in utroque sexu tridentatis, den- .tibus superioribus in mare magis obtusis. This species is allied in colour and markings to G. liturata, but it is three times larger. Sp. 7. Stethodesma hematopus, Parry, MS. Atra, nitida, punctata, femoribus tibiisque sanguineis, sterno lato, parallelo, apice subacuminato. Long. 14 lin. Habitat in Colombia. Mus. Parril. Species eximia, femoribus tibiisque sanguineis a S. lobata dis- tincta. Caput atrum, nitidum, punctatum, bifidum, laciniis acutis. Thorax ater, nitidus, undique sparsim punctatus, lobo posteriori fere levi. Scutellum minimum, acutum. Coleoptera basi thoraceque latiora, elongata, postice suban- gustata, atra, nitida, plana, undique punctis majoribus seri- atim digestis obtecta. Pygidium transversim strigosum. Corpus subtus atrum, rugoso-punctatum, medio lave, sterno lato, plano, lateribus parallelis, parte metasternali coxas me- dias multo superante, apice subacuminato. Femora tibiaeque sanguinea, tarsi nigri. ‘Tibise antice in individuo feminino tridentate. Sp. 8. Macronota quadrivittata, Parry, MS. Nigra, supra opaca, thoracis postice impressi vittis quatuor flavis, elytris rubris margine nigro, flavo-maculato, pedibus rubris. Long. 7 lin. Habitat in insula Ceylon. Mus. Parrii et Westw. M. quadrilineate simillima, thorace postice excavato, scutello majore, elytris postice angustioribus, aliter signatis distincta. Caput fortiter punctatum, nigrum, subnitidum, vittis duabus flavis, clypei apice subsinuato. Thorax lateribus a_ basi usque ante medium rectis, antice subito angustatis, lobo pos- teriore brevi, supra postice excavatus, niger, velutinus, vittis Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 69 quatuor flavis rectis. Scutellum magnum impressum, basi apiceque flavo-maculatum. Elytra postice valde angustata, abdomen non omnino obtegentia; juxta suturam excavata, pone humeros impressa, rubra velutina, margine interno et externo nigris, interno juxta suturam longitudinaliter strio- lato, externo punctato, maculis duabus lateralibus et lituris suturalibus flavis, litura posteriori versus angulum exteriorem hamata. Pygidium nigrum, macula magna media flava. Corpus subtus ut in M. quadrilineata maculis et fasciis flavis. Pedes rufi, femoribus basi nigris. ¢. Sp. 9. Glycyphana(Gametis) Kupert, White, MS. (Tab. VIII. fig. 6.) Viridis, thoracis margine punctisque duobus disci albidis, ely- tris plaga magna mediana flava maculisque septem albidis. Long. 5 lin. Habitat in China. Mus, Britan. et nostr. G. Bealie similis. Caput nigrum, dense punctulatum, vertice summo viridi, flavo-villoso, clypeo antice bifido, lobis subre- flexis. Antenne nigrz, clava extus brunnescente. Thorax disco punctulatus, lateribus longitudinaliter strigosus, viridis, opacus, limbo laterali tenui punctisque duobus disci albidis. Scutellum viride, opacum, lave. Scapule virides, puncto albido. Elytra postice subangustata, supra depressa seriato- punctata, seriebus a basi incipientibus, interstitiis alternis subconvexis, viridia, plaga magna mediana flavo-brunnea et maculis septem albidis, prima anteriore punctiformi, tribus lateralibus majoribus, duabus juxta suturam parvis, septima apicali majori. Interdum puncta nonnulla alia inter maculas laterales et juxta apicalem observantur. Pygidium viridi- nigrum, maculis quatuor albidis. Corpus subtus cum pedibus viridi-nigrum, flavo-villosum, abdomine medio glabro, sterno brevi, apice lato, rotundato, Sp. 10. Glycyphana (Gametis) plagiata, Horsfield, MS. Atra, velutina, thoracis margine laterali punctisque duobus disci albis, elytris plaga mediana flavo-brunnea, punctisque quatuor albis, pygidio bimaculato. Long. 5 lin. Habitat in Java. Mus. Horsfieldii, Brit. et nostr. G. Bealie iterum similis, Caput atrum subnitidum, creberrime VOL. V. I 70 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. punctatum, fere rugosum, clypeo elongato, apice medio ex- ciso, lobis subreflexis. Antenne nigre. ‘Thorax ater, velu- tinus, margine laterali tenui punctisque duobus disci albis, supra scutellum sinuatus, angulis anticis acutis. Scutellum atrum Jeve. Elytra postice parum angustata, apice rotun- data, supra depressa, sutura postice subelevata supra fere plana, atra plaga magna mediana marginem exteriorem sed non suturam attingente flavo-brunnea, punctis quatuor pos- ticis albis, duobus juxta suturam duobus juxta marginem positis. Pygidium maculis duabus magnis irregularibus albis. Subtus atra, nitida, femoribus fulvo-villosis, abdomine utrinque punctis duobus albis. Sternum breve, planum, apice late rotundatum. Sp. 11. Glycyphana (Gametis) Behrii. Subconvexa, atra, supra brunnea, thoracis vittis duabus infus- catis, lateribus punctisque duobus disci albidis, elytrorum vitta suturali margineque externo infuscato maculisque quin- que albis. Variat tota atra, thoracis lateribus punctisque duobus, elytro- rum maculis quinque albis. Long. 5 lin. Habitat in Archipelago Indico. Mus. nostr. Caput atrum, subnitidum, creberrime punctatum, fere rugo- sum, clypeo elongato, antice exciso, laciniis subreflexis. An- tenne atre. Thorax seu brunneus, vittis duabus latis infus- catis, seu niger, velutinus, margine laterali tenui punctisque duobus disci albidis. Scutellum seu brunneum, lateribus in- fuscatum, seu nigrum, puncto apicali albido. Scapulz nigre, puncto albido. Elytra postice parum angustata, apice rotun- data, supra subconvexa, brunnea, margine externo vittaque suturali infuscatis, in aliis omnino nigra, maculis quinque albidis, tribus marginalibus duabus postice juxta suturam positis. Pygidium atrum, maculis quatuor albidis. Subtus atra, nitida, flavo-villosa medio glabra, pectore utrinque ma- culis duabus parvis albis. Sternum breve, apice rotundatum. Six specimens, of which two belong to the black variety, have been taken by my friend Dr. Behr, in a little isle in the Road of Bali, eastwards from Java. Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 71 Sp. 12. Oxythyrea septicollis. Atra, supra velutina, thoracis circulo marginali, pygidio, abdo- mine tibiisque posticis luteis, elytris luteo-viridibus, Long. 4 lin. Habitat in Guinea, (Ashantee). Mus. Turneri et Mellii. Caput nigrum, subnitidum, punctulatum, medio obsolete cari- natum. Antenne nigre. Thorax margine postico supra scutellum rotundato, basi multo latior quam apice, lateribus rotundatis, ater, velutinus, margine laterali et postico luteo. Scutellum parvum, luteo-viride. Coleoptera luteo-viridia, ad latera et postice magis lutea, immaculata, ad basin subtiliter seriato-punctulata, postice subtiliter striolata. Abdomen totum cum pygidio luteo-rufum. Pedes nigri, tibiis posticis rufis. Sp. 13. Oxythyrea Helene. (Tab. VIII. fig. 7.) Atra, nitida, antennis, thorace, pygidioque rufis, elytrorum vitta laterali alba. Long. 33 lin. Habitat in Abyssinia. Mus. Britan. et nostr. O. thoracice simillima, Caput atrum, crebre punctatum, clypeo elongato, antice parumemarginato. Antenne rufe. Thorax longitudine latior, supra scutellum vix sinuatus, punctulatus, rufus, nitidus. Scutellum atrum, punctis paucis impressum. Coleoptera basi thorace latiora, apicem versus valde angus- tata, sutura postice elevata, apice producta, seriebus sex punctorum semicircularium, seriebus per paria approximatis, impressis tribus internis postice in strias geminatas excur- rentibus, atra, nitida, vitta laterali neque humeros neque angulum suturalem attingente candida. Corpus subtus atrum, abdominis segmentis duobus ultimis pygidioque rufis. Sp. 14. Tephrea morosa, Melly, MS, Atra, crebre punctata, subtus nitida. Long. 6 lin. Habitat in Africa Australi Orientali. Mus. Mellii et Berol. T. pulverulente simillima, supra tota atra, crebrius fortius punctata. Clypeus creberrime punctatus, subnitidus, omnino ut in pulverulenta formatus. Thorax lateribus et angulis rotundatis, supra scutellum distincte sinuatus satis convexus, 12 a 72 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. undique crebre punctatus. Scutellum punctis nonnullis im- pressis. Scapulz fortiter punctate. Elytra subnitida, ar- cubus semicircularibus seriatim dispositis impressis, postice juxta suturam confluentibus, interstitiis punctis quibusdam sparsis, apice et versus latera rugosa. Subtus atra, nitida, pectoris lateribus strigosis, abdomine sparsim punctato. Mr. Melly had formerly named this species 7’. atra ; but seeing that this name was already several times employed amongst the Cetonie, he has altered it to that of 7’. morosa. Sp. 15. Cetonia (Protetia) Whitehousii, Parry, MS. (Tab. VIII. fig. 3.) Supra purpurea velutina, thoracis lateribus antice, scapulis, elytrorumque maculis tribus marginalibus fulvis, subtus atra, nitida, fulvo-maculata, pygidio purpureo fulvo-bimaculato, sterno antice parum rotundato. Long. 10 lin. Habitat in Insula Ceylon. Mus, Parrii. Species pulchra, C. regali et ferruginee statura similis. Caput cupreum, punctatum, clypeo antice parum emarginato, vertice velutino. ‘Thorax supra purpureus, velutinus, levis, laterum dimidio anteriore fulvo, subtus maculis magnis, lateralibus piliferis fulvis. Scapulee macula magna fulva. Scutellum elongatum, purpureum, leve. Elytra postice parum angus- tata, suturee apice brevi; plana, purpurea, velutina, maculis tribus marginalibus fulvis, prima ante, secunda paulo majore pone medium, tertia apice juxta suturam posita. Pygidium purpureum, maculis duabus fulvis. Subtus atra, nitida, pec- toris maculis magnis flavis. Abdominis segmenta punctis lateralibus, tertium et quartum utrinque maculis magnis fulvis. Pedes nigri, femoribus tibiisque fulvo-pilosis. Ster- num paulo magis quam in C. ferrugineo porrectum, apice parum rotundatum. Sp. 16. Cetonia (Pachnoda) crassa. Atra, supra velutina, capitis macula triangulari, thoracisque margine antico et laterali flavis, pygidii puncto apicali rufo, sternl apice testaceo. Long. 9 lin. Habitat in Abyssinia. Mus. nostr. Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 73 Caput atrum, punctatissimum, macula triangulari ut in P. ornata flava. Thorax ater, velutinus, margine antico tenui, laterali lato flavis, hoc punctum nigrum includente; praterea in specimine meo linea tenuissima longitudinalis flava, que basin non attingit, observatur, que verisimiliter in aliis omnino deest. Scutellum atrum, leve. Coleoptera postice subangustata atra, velutina, punctis quibusdam apicalibus inconstantibus rufis. Pygidium atrum, nitidum, puncto api- eali rufo. Subtus atra, nitida, abdomine utrinque punctis quinque marginalibus albis, segmento ultimo apice trans- versim testaceo-maculatum. Sternum breve, latum apice testaceum. Coxz postice testaceo-maculate. Femora an- teriora subtus testacea, dense flavo-villosa, genua omnia alba. Of this species I have seen one specimen only. I think the extent of the markings may vary in others. It is in its shape allied to Cetonia olivacea, but it is much stouter. C. limbata, Fabr., of which I have seen the original specimen in Mr. Wester- mann’s collection in Copenhagen, is, if I well recollect, more elongated, has no yellow triangular spot on the head, and no black spot on the yellow margin of the thorax, &c. Sp. 17. Schizorrhina (Diaphonia) palmata. (Tab. VIII. fig. 4.) Nigra, fortiter punctata, elytrorum parte majore pygidioque testaceis, tibiis posticis incurvis, tarsis maris omnibus com- pressis, anticis palmatis. Long. 14 lin. Habitat Adelaide, in Nova Hollandia. Mus. 'Thoreyi. Caput nigrum, crebre punctatum, griseo-pilosum, clypeo elon- gato, lateribus parallelis, angulis anticis rotundatis apice paulo emarginato, Antennarum clava in mare clypei longitudine, brunnea. ‘Thorax niger, breviter pilosus, crebre punctatus, linea media levi. Scutellum atrum subviolaceo-micans, la- teribus punctis aliquot impressis. Elytra capite thoraceque dimidio longiora parce fortiter punctata, obsolete bicostata, lateribus transversim rugosa, parte basali atra subviolaceo- micanti, parte posteriore testacea irregulariter atro-maculata. Pygidium testaceum, nitidum, Corpus subtus atrum, griseo- villosum. Sternum porrectum latum, apice subangulatum. Tibiz compress, anticae maris oblique truncate, postice 74 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. incurve. Tarsi lati antici palmati, posteriores compressi, unguibus minutis ¢. The structure of the tarsi of the male might justify the esta- blishment of a peculiar subgenus for this extraordinary insect. As it agrees however in its principal characters with Diaphonia, I have not thought it convenient to separate it. The hinder tibize of the male are curved, and the clava of the antenne as large as the clypeus, like in the D. euecnemis, Burm., while the shape of the sternum and of the pygidium is more like in D. dorsalis, Donov. Sp. 18. Schizorrhina (Diaphonia) rugosa. (Tab. XI. fig. 6.) Crassa, supra nigra, fortiter punctata, clypeo toto, thoracisque lateribus late testaceis, elytris brevibus, bicostatis, lateribus densissime rugulosis, subtus testacea, pilosa, tarsis nigris. Long. 7 lin. Habitat in Nova Hollandia. Mus. Britan., Parrii et nostr. Corpore brevi crasso contracto, abdomine juxta elytra libero, a reliquis hujus generis speciebus valde distincta. Caput nigrum, nitidum, fortiter punctatum, clypeo brevi rotundato, marginato antice subsinuato, hoc et macula annexa frontali triangulari testaceis. Antenne nigra, clava clypeo longi- tudine. ‘Thorax brevis, a basi ad apicem angustatus, lateri- bus parum rotundatis, fortiter crebre punctatus, linea media longitudinali leviori, niger, subnitidus, lateribus late testaceis. Scutellum basi punctis paucis impressis. Elytra thorace vix dimidio longiora, postice angustata et rotundata, abdomen non omnino obtegentia, supra disco costis duabus elevatis, exteriore magis obsoleta juxta suturam fortiter crebre punc- tata, extrorsum a costa interiore densissime rugulosa, fere scabra; costa tertia obsoleta juxta marginem exteriorem ob- servatur. Pygidium valde inflexum, testaceum. Corpus subtus testaceum, pilosum, abdominis segmentorum margi- nibus nigris. Pedes breves testacei, villosi, femoribus anticis supra, tibiis extus tarsisque totis nigris, his glabris. Tibiz anticee fortiter bidentate ¢. This species forms a peculiar division of the subgenus Dia- phonia. ‘The five specimens, which I have seen of it, were all males. Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 75 Sp. 19. Ischnostoma nasula, Boheman, MS. (Tab. VIII. fig. 5.) Atra, pilosa, elytris obscure testaceis. Long. 6 lin. Habitat ad portum Natal, Dr. Wahlberg. Mus. nostr. Caput nigrum, profunde et remote rugoso-punctatum, pone antennarum insertionem utrinque attenuatum; clypeo pro- ducto; lateribus marginato, medio longitudinaliter obtuse elevato, parte basali subquadrata basi sensim angustata, apice profunde emarginata angulis anticis acutis sublunatis, parte apicali e media parte basali producta, fere ancoriformi, seu apice utrinque dilatata, acuta, antice distincte emarginata. Antennarum clava maxima clypei longitudine. Thorax semi- eircularis, ater, fulvo-pilosus, undique crebre punctulatus. Scutellum punctulatum, fulvo-pilosum. Elytra obscure tes- tacea, sutura margimeque exteriore nigris, parce breviter nigro-setosa, costis duabus obsoletis, undique punctulata. Pygidium atrum inflexum, glabrum. Corpus subtus cum pedibus atrum. ‘Tibi antice tridentata, dentibus duobus inferioribus magnis distantibus, superiore obsoleta ¢. I know only the male of this interesting species, which has been given to me by Professor Boheman. Sp. 20. Platygenia exarata, Melly, MS. Picea, clypei apice emarginato, angulis reflexis acutis, elytris obsolete tricostatis, interstitiis latis, opacis, rugulosis, tarsis elongatis. Habitat in Africa Occidentali. Mus. Mellii. Caput nigro-piceum, undique crebre punctulatum, longitudine non latius, apice emarginatum, elypei angulis anticis reflexis acutis. Thorax longitudine dimidio latior, lateribus medio dilatatus, angulis posticis rectis, acutis, niger, piceus, undique creberrime punctulatus. Scutellum basi punctis nonnullis impressis. Coleoptera thoracis medio latiora, thorace duplo longiora humeris et apice rotundata, supra subdepressa, sutura costisque in singulo tribus obsoletis, nitidis, inter- stitiis latis, rugulosis, opacis. Pygidium ante medium obso- lete elevatum, ante apicem transversim impressum, apice sub- acuminato, subtus triangulariter impressum, Subtus piceum, 76 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. abdomine undique creberrime punctatum, pectore medio fovea Jongitudinali creberrime punctata. Abdominis segmentum ultimum apice truncatum. Pedes elongati, tibize posteriores parce setose ; tarsi tibiis non breviores, articulis elongatis, un- guiculis acutis simplicibus ¢. This very remarkable insect is unique in Mr. Melly’s collec- tion. The specimen was found under the fifth degree of northern latitude in Western Africa. The species recedes from the type of the genus in some important characters. The head is scarcely broader than long; the clypeus is bidentated; the thorax much narrower; the legs much more elongated, chiefly the tarsi, the joints of which are more slender, the claws longer and sharper. The shape of the pygidium, and the posterior tibize having only a few hairs, prove that the specimen is a male, though it has on the middle of the pectus an impression, which is, however, not so deep as in the male of P. barbata. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Plate VIII. fig. 2. Gymnetis pecila, Schaum. 3. Gymnetis Wollastonii, Schaum. 4. Schizorrhina palmata, Schaum. 5. Head of Ischnostoma nasuta, Schaum. 6. Glycyphana Kuperi, White. 7. Oxythyrea Helene, Schaum. Mr, W. F. Evans’s Monograph of Chrysopa. Va XXI. Monograph of the British Species of the Genus Chrysopa. By W. F. Evans, Esq. [Read 6th September, 1847. ] Tue following table has been drawn up after a careful examination of those possessed by J. F. Stephens, Esq., the greater portion of which he kindly lent me to draw the accompanying figures from, which I have thought would aid in the discrimination of the several species. But little attention has been paid to the early states of these insects. ‘The larvee of C. perla and C. reticulata, it would appear, cover themselves with the skins of their prey, the Aphides, on which they all feed most voraciously. (See Stephens’ Mand, vol. vi.; Westwood’s Mod. Class. Ins. vol. i1., and Kirby and Spence’s Introd.; and Reaumur, vol. iii.) Five different cocoons and larve can readily be distinguished on reference to the plates. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Pl. IX. fig. 1. Chrysopa alba. Pl. IX. fig. 5. Chrysopa subfulcata. Dy i affinis. 6. 5 carnea. 3. FP angustipennis. to = abbreviata. 4. fp perla. Larva of C. perla, from Albin, pl. 64 (under fig. 2). ditto from a living specimen. Cocoon of C. alba? from Reaumur, vol. iii. pl. 33, fig. 2 (under fig. 2). Cocoon of Drepanepteryx Phalenoides, see Reaumur, vol. ii. pl. 32, fig. 8, and his description. Pl. X. fig. 1. Chrysopa fulviceps. Pl. X. fig. 4. Chrysopa maculata. 2s 35 capitata. 3. +3 immaculata. 3. — reticulata. 6. 3 ventralis. Portion of maxillary palpi, from Wesmael, Hémérobides de Belgique. Tarsi—claws—antenne—a portion of a wing. Eggs, from Reaumur. Larva of C. alba, from a living specimen (in the centre), see Reaumur's figures, &c. with which this agrees. Cocoon of C. perla, from Albin, pl. 64 (in the centre), see Lister on Godart, fig. No. 104, and Ratzeburg Die Forst Insecten, tab. 16, with which this agrees. Larva of Drepanepteryx, from Reaumur, (upper figure under No. 6). Larva of an unknown species, from Reaumur, (under the above). Two cocoons, from Reaumur. Larva (7 of C. reticulata or alba), from Reaumur, covered. 78 SyNnonyMEs, C.perla, Pl. IX, fig. 4.|pectinicornis, B C.affinis, PI.1X.fig.2. Co Stal liga JAG ID ep agoneo saooS fig. 5. C.alba, Pl. 1X. fig. 1.}vittata, Wesm.. albus, Oliv. ae aliZe flavus, Scop. ‘ oes. ye eschart. Grraneustipennis, P).)\......05 3% 5's IX. fig. 3. (7 var. of alba.) C. abbreviata, P]. 1X.|........ AD fig. 7. Crummaculatas bly Nelle ac «0c es fig. 5. (7 var. of abbreviata.) C. reticulata, Pl. X.|chrysops, Oliv.. fig. 3. . Petag. ss Latre B Illig. . Schra. A Fab. viridis, Retz. C.capitata, Fab. P1.X.|capitatus, Fab.. fig. 2. C.maculata,Stephens,|.........+..- Pl. X, fig. 4. C. ventralis, Curtis, Pl. X. fig. 6. cancellata, Wes C. fulviceps, Stephens, Pl. X. fig. 1. C. carnea, PI. 1X. fig.6. ee ee soe oeccees punctifrons, Steph. |Curt. Brit. Ent. fulvocephala, Sam, |Steph. Mand. 6, pl. 30, 2... Mr. W. F. Evans’s Monograph of Chrysopa. BrpiioGraPHicaL BESeN Rererences To Ficures. |°* WiNes| Wines, * |rn Lines. esk.|Don. 8, pl. 277, fig. 2 ; Bar-|14 to 23 .|Green ...... but, Gen. 220, pl. 22; Shaw, G. 3, b. 258, pl. 83 ; Reaum. 3, pl. 32; Westw. Mod. Class. 2, 46; Albin. pl.64; Lister on God. p.93, No. 104; Ent. Mag. 4, 176; Ratz. die Forst Ins. pl. 14,8; Petag. Ins. Cal. 336, 1, p. x. 17; Roesel, 3, 128, 30, fol. 21,5; God. 2,40, pl.7,fig.14; Westw. Ent. Text Book, pl. 3. A aellacinonabacc noooDouroC -.-./12 to 14 .|Pale green .. aifo ||(siszo¥el ollepsialefelielotaaielsveiagelatieteters 14 to 16 .|Pale green .. ...|Panz. F. 87, f. 14; Ratz. pl./10 to 12 .| Delicate white, 14,f.6? Reaum. 3, tab. 33, with yellow- foe ish green iri- descence. gon|lono0 00 site viv sieieleisisie wee el 2 to) lois|(Delicateswiites with yellow- ish green. .--|Curt. Brit. Ent. pl. 520 ....|9 tol0..|Green ...... spalbomroobodatobaposod ebook 9 to 12 ..|Pale green, iri- descent. -|Wood, 2, 29, pl.49; Panz. F.}10 to 14 .|Bluish green . 87,f.13; De Geer, 2, 708, pl. 22, 1,2; Schaeff. Icon. pl. 5, 7,85; Ins. Transf. p. 45; Samouelle’s Ent. Cab. No. 2, f. 1. ...|Cuv. An. Kingd....-..+.- 10 to16 .|Hyaline, very iridescent. Aon|loo goddde ste leleleleiietetc tains ---(10 to 11 .|Pale green, ru- fescent ner- vures. SoudddcoGs 14 to 16 .|Pale yellowish. m. 16to19 .|Rufescent... 11 to 12 .|Rufescent,rosy, iridescent. ecuolecrececereeroeneeer ee ee eens Mr. W. F. Evans’s Monograph of Chrysopa. Greenish ..|Greenish .... [Pale..... Pale Ee aleysrtereve sil ale’s i ss Pallet erie aleis os ses ANTENNE, Pale green,/Ochreous.... tarsi red- dish. Pale green,|Reddish..... tarsi red- dish. ‘Green, tarsi)Reddish..... reddish. ‘Pale esos esl black | Pale’. ss os Reddish... Pale ss vcs Pale’. « Pal@leretese:s Palen. Balers ales... .»+»|Blue..|Head rosy, wings short and|June Eyes. |Particutar Cuaracrers.| WHEN FOUND. 79 WHERE FOUND. _———}q—j]| | qj | | qe Golden|Stigma darker .......... May, June ..|London, Kent, &c. BrasSsy.|.0..esss0- eieretorseiteene i) i UULC ster steleteiet= London, Kent, &c. Brassy.|Base of segments of body|June......../London, &c. brownish. (Goldenierte cre snietavereetes oo-+eeeee(JUNe.+..--~-| London, Kent, Lan- green. cashire, &e. Golden|Two brown lines on thorax./June........{|London. Blue..|Wings short and rounded,|June,July,Au-|Dover, Devon, black dot on basal joints} gust. Wales, Berk- of antenne and on the shire, &c. head, and two streaks on the thorax. Green. | Wings short and rounded. |June.......-|London. Golden|Nervures of wings black,|June........ London, Darenth, black line on the head &e. and marks on the thorax. (GEN |logpoccondee soc sd0sn066e June...... --|Hertford, Ripley, &e. Dark..|Wings rounded and short,/June....---- Darenth. head with spots on it be- fore and behind the eyes, and marks on thorax. Black dot between the an-|June.... tennz, and two on thorax. Pale green. Darenth, &c. Black. |Head bright fulvous, stigma|June, July...|Darenth, New Fo- elongated. rounded, stigma rosy. rest. London, &e. 80 Mr. F. J. S. Parry’s Description and Notes XXII. Description and Notes upon some new and rare Coleoptera. By F.J.S. Parry, F.L.S., with a Plate. [Read 3rd January, 1848.] Havine lately received a small collection of Coleoptera from the island of Ceylon, (for the which I am indebted to my friend C. Whitehouse, Esq., a resident in that beautiful island, ) containing several species new to our collections, 1 have been tempted to select for description and illustration several novelties, especially belonging to the family of Cetonitde, to which are added other rare species previously described but not illustrated, and as such they will, I trust, prove interesting to those members of the Society more especially devoted to the study of foreign Coleoptera. Sp. 1. Cicindela (Calochroa) Assamensis, Parry. (Plate XI. fig. 1.) The above insect I described, from my own collection, in vol. iv. p- 84 of the Society’s Transactions; it has somewhat the appear- ance of the following new species I am about to describe; it is now figured for the first time. Sp. 2. Cicindela (Calochroa) Shwah, n. sp., Parry. (Plate XI. fig. 2.) Cicindela elongata, atro-picea, zenea; mandibulis latere externo supra flavis; thorace subquadrato, punctato rugoso, sulcis duobus transversis; elytris punctatis, maculis tribus flavis, macula humerali distincta fascidque media sinuata, ad suturam vergenti apicali lunata flava ; corpus infra tibiis et tarsis con- coloribus. Long. corp. lin. 10, lat. corp. lin, 3, This species bears a strong resemblance to Czczndela Princeps, described by Mr. Vigors in the Zoological Journal, p. 413, pl. 15, and now to be seen in the collection of the Zoological Society. Through the kindness of Mr. Mitchell I have been enabled to compare the two insects; Calochroa Princeps is of a much shorter and more rotundate form, having the apex of the elytra not nearly so much truncated, and a considerable difference in the form of the yellow spots, vide Pl. XI. fig. 2A. Fig. 2B represents the elytron of the species above described. upon some new and rare Coleoptera. 81 Sp. 3. Protetia Whitehousii, Schaum. n. sp. (Ceylon). (PIE XI; fig: 3.) Sp. 4. Macronota quadrivittata, Schaum, n. sp. (Ceylon). (Pl. XI. fig. 4.) The above are two new species from Ceylon, lately described from my collection by Dr. Schaum, in a paper read before the Society. Fig. 3 and 4 are figures of the original types, received by me from Ceylon. Sp. 5. Clinteria incerta, Parry (an var. Imperialis, Schonh). (Pl. XI. fig. 5.) Nigra, pronoto maculis duabus, elytris utrinque duabus pallidis. Long. corp. lin. 93, lat. corp. lin. 5. The above is the exact description, with the exception of “ elytris utrinque tribus fulvis” of Dr. Burmeister’s Clinteria imperialis. The absence of the third spot on the shoulder of the elytra in this species, as well as its larger size, with the sternum more pro- longed and the colour of the spots somewhat paler, forms the only difference between the two species; it may, however, prove to be only a variety, until other specimens are received to elear up the point; I have called it zcerta, the accompanying figure at any rate will prove acceptable. I must not omit to mention that Mr. Hope has described in the Transactions of the Zoological Society, under the name of Ma- cronota tetraspilota, and lately refigured in the last number of our own Transactions as Clinteria tetraspilota, an insect very much resembling the above; but Mr. Westwood, having seen both specimens, informs me they are quite distinct, differing consider- ably as to the mesosternal process. Sp. 6. Diaphonia rugosa, Schaum, (N. Holland.) (Pl. XI. fig. 6.) This new and interesting species Dr. Schaum has lately de- scribed from my collection, The British Museum also pos sesses it, 82 Mr. F. J. S. Parry’s Description and Notes Sp. 7. Pygora lenocinia, Dupont (Madagascar). (PI. XI. fig. 8.) For description of, vide Dr. Burmeister’s Handbuch der Ento- mologie and Silberman’s Revue Entomologique. I have been tempted by the extreme beauty and rarity of this insect to introduce it here, accompanied by a figure, which I believe has not hitherto been published, and certainly its interest- ing form and splendid attire fully entitle it to your notice. Dr. Burmeister in his work mentions four species of the same group, all from Madagascar and very scarce. Sp. 8. Clinteria pantherina, Parry, n. sp. (Pl. XI. fig. 9.) C. purpureo-cuprea, supra opaca, pronoti punctis sex triangulo positis ; elytrorum plurimis sparsis ; abdomine subtus nitido, seriebus duabus macularum, pygidio rufescenti maculato. Habitat Ceylon. This species is allied to C. Merens of Gory, &c., but is suf- ficiently distinct, according to Dr. Burmeister’s description of it, to form a new species. Genus STIGMODERA. Sub-Genus nov. Metaxymorpna, Parry (eraév, between, peopdn, form). Sp. 9. Metaxymorpha Grayi, n. sp. Parry (N. Holland). (PI SE itig27,) Atro-violacea, cyanea; thorace punctato, valde convexo, haud suleato, postice punctis duobus profundis ; elytris concolori- bus, striis duodecim rugoso-punctatis, lateribus externis rubro sanguineo late limbatis apicem 3-dentatis; prosterno magno protenso et conico ; antennis pedibusque cyaneis zneis, scutello magno rotundato. Long. corp. lin. 15, lat. corp. lin. 6. I am unacquainted with the exact locality of this new and interesting addition to our Australian Fauna. It was lately re- ceived by me in a small collection from that country, in which were also specimens of that splendid insect Calodema Kirbii, so that probably it is to be found in the same locality. Not only is this new species remarkable for its form and colour, but is especially interesting as forming an important connecting link between the other Australian species of Stizgmodera and the upon some new and rare Coleoptera. 83 South American division of the same group, formed into a sepa- rate family by Eschscholz, under the name of Conognatha. The only two species of New Holland Stagmodera I am ac- quainted with, bearing any resemblance to it as to form and cha- racter, are Stigmodera Jaquinoti of Gory, and Calodema Kirbu of Hope. It partakes of the somewhat attenuated and rather convex form, with strongly spinose apex of the former, but differs in having the thorax more convex, with the sternum prolonged in a most remarkable manner (vide fig. 7a); the apex of each elytron is also of a different form, having three spines (vide fig. 7) in- stead of two (vide fig. 7c). It agrees with Calodema only in having the prosternum pro- longed (but in a more conical form, vide fig. 7d), and spinose apex of elytra, but having, as I have before mentioned, three spines instead of two (vide fig. 7e). And here let me mention that the only New Holland species of Stigmodera with which I am ac- quainted possessing the lengthened prosternum are the present new species and Calodema Kirbii, whereas the South American division Conognatha possesses it with one or two exceptions in a remarkable manner; with regard however to the six distinct spines at the apex it stands alone, and as such forms a peculiar feature in this new sub-division. Upon the whole it certainly bears a greater affinity to the South American division ; but differing as it does in several respects, and coming from another country, I have thought it expedient to make it the type of a new sub-division, under the name of Metaxymorpha, derived from the Greek perafv, between (to express intermediate or connection), and jody, a form: and have much pleasure in naming this néw insect after my friend J. E. Gray, Esq., F.R.S., of the British Museum, for whose kindness and attention on my frequent visits there I feel greatly indebted. Sp. 10. Tvrictenotoma Templetonii, 8 Westwood, ? Parry. Nigrum, supra luteo-albidoque pubescens; mandibulis trans- verse rugosis; antennis pedibusque maculis duabus elevatis politis pronoti nigris, lateribus angulatis pronoti nigris. ¢. Long 23 inches. Habitat Ceylon. The male of this new species of T’rictenotoma was lately de- scribed by Mr. Westwood in his publication on Oriental Ento- mology, (vide pl. 23 of that work,) it having been sent to him from the island of Ceylon by R. Templeton, Esq., in whose 84 Mr. F. J. 8. Parry’s Description, §c. honour it was named. I have now the pleasure of submitting to your notice the ? of the above species for the first time; it was received lately by me from Ceylon in the collection already spoken of. With the exception of being altogether wider in form, and the material difference as to the shape of the mandibles, which are much shorter, resembling those of Trictenotoma Childrenii, there is nothing particular to distinguish it from the ¢. It differs from the ¢ of Childreniz in having, as stated, trans- verse rugose mandibules, longer antenne, a black stripe down the thorax, and the last segment of the abdomen much shorter, not carinated, and less notched at the tip; the mesosternal process is also materially different. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Pl. XI. fig. 1. Cicindela (Calochroa) Assamensis, Parry. 2. Cicindela (Calochroa) Shivah, Parry. 8. Protetia Whitehousii, Schaum. 4, Macronota quadrivittata, Schaum. 5. Clinteria incerta, Parry. 6. Diaphonia rugosa, Schaum. 7. Metaxymorpha Grayii, Parry. 8. Pygora lenocinia, Dupont. 9. Clinteria pantherina, Parry. Extract of a Letter from Capt. T. Hutton. 85 XXIII. Extract of a Letter from Capt. Taomas Horton, H. E. I. C., to J. O. Westwoop, Esq. [Read November Ist, 1847.] Mussooree, Himalaya Mountains. 28th July, 1847. My dear Sir, I wave long contemplated writing to you, and now that the last mail has brought me the intelligence that you have been kind enough to honour me by naming the new Bombyx after me, I cannot allow the post to go out without expressing to you my best thanks for your attention and remembrance of me. I have nearly made up my mind to make a run home for one year, and in that case shall bring the few insects I have by me, and trust there may be some more novelties worthy of your at- tention. In the mean time I must tell you that I have again this year reared specimens of Actias Selene, and observed attentively the method by which it cuts its way through the cocoon; and there can be no doubt of the correctness of my former obser- vations in regard to the wing spur, from which I derived the name “ Plectropteron,’ a name which I think, from the novelty of the circumstance, may still hold good, and the species would therefore stand as P. Selene, my P. Diane sinking into a syno- nyme; itis, as I formeriy observed, most probable that Aetias luna possesses the same spur ; and the new species lately sketched in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, under the name of 4. Menas, most probably possesses it likewise, in which case there would be three species so armed, and forming a good genus characterised as Actias, with the addition of the wing spur; and at all events the characters of 4ctias must be remodelled, before A, Selene can find a place in it. The habitat of 4. Meenas is very confusedly given in the Magazine of Natural History, it being stated the species is from Sylhet, and yet that it is from “ Northern India.” Sylhet is to the eastward, not northward. Let me now call your attention more particularly to the instru- ment which I have named ‘“ the wing spur ;” that instrument is not the part you thought I alluded to in my notice of the insect, but is totally distinct from it, and projects from the joit of the ning. The part you alluded to, viz. the tippet, (tegula or ptery- VOL. V. I, 86 Extract of a Letter from Capt. T. Hutton. goid), I have detached, and placed separately a spur and a wing in the inclosed paper. And you will still see, on the shoulder joint of the wing, a strong, hard, black spur, with a sharp point and cutting edge. The point of this instrument is thrust through the cocoon, and the cutting edge drawn across the fibres, until severed sufficiently to enable the moth to come forth. Place the wing horizontally before your eye, and look from the anterior edge along the apex, and the spur will be visible. Of the “ Bombyx Huttoni,” I will bring home specimens of the perfect insect, and also their eggs, in order that you may see the caterpillars. Cocoons and samples of the silk wound off also. I hope the Actias may be worthy of notice in your new work, which I have not yet had an opportunity of seeing ; and that you will give dissections of the wing, in order to show the spur. If I can get some autumn cocoons I will bring them or send them, in order that you may see the process, and seeing believe ! Cheirotonus Mc Leayii is not a rare insect, although a very local one. Several occur in private collections here, but I cannot get them. I have one male slightly injured in the elytra, and a dimi- nutive male. It is a sap feeder, and may be seen in company with crowds of stag beetles, sucking up the juice as it flows from wounds in the trees. They breed in decaying oak trees (quercus incana). I sent you a notice of some butterflies long since, which I hope you received. Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions of new Mydaside. 87 XXIV. Descriptions of some new Species of Mydaside, from Western Australia, by J. O. Wesrwoop, F.L.S. [Read December 6th, 1847. ] Tne species of the family Mydaside described in the works of continental authors are natives of America, the south of Europe, and the east and south of Africa, only one species, M. ruficornis, having been described by Wiedemann as a native of ‘Tranquebar. In the synopsis of this family which I published in 1841, in the first volume of my “ Arcana Entomologica,” I described several species from New Holland, namely, M. auripennis, M. viduatus, M. stenogaster, and M. bicolor, Cephalocera maculipennis, and the three supposed species of Apiocera. It is an interesting peculiarity in Entomo-geography to find this singular group of insects, whose metropolis is evidently South America, appearing in New Hol- land, where, however, it appears to be very rare. Since the publication of the above-mentioned synopsis, I have become acquainted with several additional Australian species of this group, of which I now beg to offer the descriptions to the Entomological Society. Mydas melleipennis, Westw. (Plate XIII. fig. 1.) Mydas niger, marginibus thoracis cum scutello pedibusque fulvis, femoribus posticis clavatis; alis fulvis, venis rufo- fulvis ; antennis elongatis nigris, articulo basali subrufo ; ab- domine elongato gracili, nigro, nitido, segmentis basalibus utrinque flavo-maculatis. ¢. Expansio alarum 13 unc. Habitat in Australia occidentali. Comm. Ince. This is a very distinct species; the head is transverse, and clothed, especially in front, with luteous hairs; the eyes black ; the hypostoma prominent and fulvous; the haustellum nearly as long as the depth of the head; antennz black, moderately long, last joint broad, basal joint varied beneath and near the extremity with red; the thorax black, the callosities at the anterior angles as well as the sides, scutellum and postscutellum dark fulvous ; on each side before the insertion of the halteres is a short thick spine; the abdomen is long, narrow, and cylindrical in the female; the basal segment is transverse, glossy, and pitchy-coloured; the second joint is obconic, truncate, glossy, black, with a large yellow tee 88 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions spot on each side; the third joint is slightly constricted at the base ; it is marked, as well as the fourth joint, with a yellow spot on each side, diminishing in size; the three following joints are black, glossy, and cylindric, and the last joint is ob-conical, ter- minated by an appendage, which is shortly spinose on each side. The legs are fulvous ; the hind femora clavate, and finely spined. The wings are fulvescent, with dark fulvous veins. ‘The arrange- ment of the veins offer several peculiarities, which exist also in the following species, but not in other insects of the genus. ‘The body beneath is black; the second abdominal ventral segment with a fulvous fascia, and the third with two fulvous spots. Fig. 1. The insect slightly magnified; 1a, the head and base of the an- tenna seen sideways ; 1 &, the proboscis and its palpi more highly magnified. Mydas bispinifer, Westw. (Plate XIII. fig. 2.) Mydas niger, thoracis lateribus cum scutello rufo-fulvis; ab- domine maris elongato angusto clavato, articulis basalibus utrinque flavo-maculatis ; alis versus costam fusco-tinctis, venis nigris ; pedibus pallide flavis; femoribus posticis cla- vatis. gf 9 Expansio alarum 10—13 lin. Habitat in Australia occidentali. In Mus. Ince et Saunders. The male of this species has somewhat the appearance of a large elongated Conops. It agrees with the preceding species in the peculiar arrangement of the veins of the wings, and in the radiated appendage at the extremity of the body of the female. The head is black, clothed in front with slight grey pubescence, the nasus rather produced and obliquely truncate. The mouth of one of the specimens examined presented the two slender filiform setose palpi, and the slender horny seta at the base, as represented in fig. 2a ** and +; the proboscis itself was porrected and as long as the head. The antenne are black, about three times as long as the head, with the last joint flattened and pear- shaped. The thorax is black, with the sides and two tubercles at the anterior angles obscure red; the scutellum is of the same colour, the hind part of the thorax being black. ‘The sides of the mesothorax, before the halteres, are produced into two short black porrected spines. The abdomen is long, and much narrowed in its basal half; it is black, with the four anterior segments marked on each side with a pale yellow spot; the terminal ventral of some new Species of Mydaside. 89 segment is armed with two horny lobes (fig. 2b **), and with two curved hairy filaments (2b ++). The legs are pale yellow, with the middle of all the femora and the apical half of the posterior tibiz black. The hind femora are clavate and serrated beneath. The wings are very slightly tinged with brown, having the costa and the space along the two chief veins rather more clouded with brown. The fourth longitudinal vein, which is fur- cate towards the extremity of the wing, is suddenly deflexed at a little distance in front of the furcation, crossing the next vein at right angles, being connected with the anterior branch of the basal cell (which branch, in the majority of the species of the genus, extends beyond the spot where the fourth longitudinal vein is con- nected with the fifth). The halteres are white. The female of this species differs from the male in having the abdomen long and narrow, but not narrowed at the base, being of nearly equal width throughout; and the joints being rather widened beyond the middle. The terminal segment is black, the second and third with a large fulvous yellow spot on each side, and the three succeeding segments with a broad fulvous yellow fascia. The last segment is terminated by a rounded appendage, each side of which is armed with six short blunt spines. (Fig. 2c, 2d.) The wings (or rather wing, as the only specimen of this sex which I have seen possesses only one wing) differs from the male in having the cell formed by the fourth longitudinal vein of the wing closed and appendiculated at the tip. (Fig. 2e.) Fig. 2. The male insect magnified; 2a, the head seen sideways; 26, the extremity of the male abdomen from beneath ; 2c, the extremity of the female abdomen, seen from above; 2 d, the same, seen from beneath ; 2e, portion of the veins of the wing of the female. Mydas sordidus, Westw. (Plate XIII. fig. 3.) Mydas opacus, niger; antennis brevioribus, apicibus rufis ; seg- mentis abdominis basi utrinque macula parva triangulari lutea; pedibus piceo-rufis ; femoribus posticis obscuris ; alis limpidis, venis nigris. 9 Expansio alarum fere 1? unc. Habitat prope Adelaidam, Australie occidentalis. D. Fortnum. In Mus. Hope. The head is black, with the nasus obscure fulvous, rounded, rather prominent and obliquely truncate above the mouth; the face is clothed with grey hairs. The antenne are shorter than in 90 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions many of the species, and slender, with the last joint pear-shaped and red, the base being black. The proboscis is short. (Fig. 3a.) The thorax is obscure black. The abdomen is of equal length and continuous with the thorax, tapering beyond the middle; it is obscure black, slightly glossy, especially at the extremity of the segments. The second and three following segments are marked on each side at the base with a triangular obscure fulvous spot ; the two terminal segments are dark castaneous, with the penul- timate one black on its hind margin: on the underside the abdo- men has the base of each segment fasciated with fulvous. The legs are obscure pitchy red, with the posterior femora moderately clavate and serrated and almost black, except at the base and extremity. The wings are almost limpid, with slender pale brown veins. The upper branch of the fourth (furcate) longitudinal vein emits a very short branchlet directed towards the base of the wing, and the lower branch extends to the costa. ‘The apical ap- pendage of the abdomen is retracted within the apex in the only specimen of the female which I have seen. Fig. 3. The insect slightly magnified ; 3a, the head seen sideways. Mydas limpidipennis, Westw. Mydas niger, facie griseo-setosa, (antennis mutilis,) thorace nigro opaco; abdomine dilatato subconvexo, segmento primo nigro, griseo parum hirto, 2do et 3tio nigris utrinque ad basin macula minima albido-lutea notatis, 4 apicalibus piceis ; pe- dibus rufo-piceis, alis perlimpidis, venis pallidis. 9 Expansio alarum 13 une. Habitat in Australia occidentali. In Mus. D. Saunders. This species is nearly allied to the preceding. The head is black, including the nasus, which is but very slightly prominent, the face is clothed with grey hairs. The proboscis is short, the antenne are broken off in the only specimen I have seen of the female. The thorax is black and opaque, the halteres are black at the tips. The abdomen is as broad as and continuous with the thorax at the base, the middle joints being still wider, and the apical joints are gradually attenuated ; the basal segment is black, and slightly clothed with grey pile; the two following segments are black, each with a minute luteous buff spot on each side, and the four terminal segments are pitchy and rather glossy, and punctured. The abdomen beneath is black, very glossy, and margined. The legs are entirely of an obscure pitchy reddish of some new Species of Mydaside. 91 colour, the posterior femora but slightly clavate and serrated beneath. The wings are quite limpid, with the veins very slightly tinged with brown. ‘The veins are arranged as is described in the last species. The abdomen is terminated by a retractile ap- pendage, armed with a radiating series of pale-coloured sete. XXV. Descriptions of some new Exotic Species of Acroce- ride (Vesiculosa, Latr.), a Family of Dipterous Insects. By J. O. Westwoop, Esa. F.L.S. [Read January 3, 1848. | Tue family, whereof I propose in the present paper to describe a number of new species, is remarkable for the singularly swollen body, and more particularly abdomen, of nearly all the species, whence Latreille gave to the group the sectional name of Vesicu- losa. This peculiarity does not exist alone in this family of insects, since we meet with various analogous resemblances in other orders of insects, and indeed in other tribes of animals. Among the Coleoptera there is the genus Chactas amongst the Melyride, and some Heteromerous genera, remarkable for their very swollen elytra. Amongst the Homoptera there is also a very remarkable genus of Cicadide from New Holland, figured by me, in the ‘Arcana Entomologica,’”’ under the name of Cystosoma Saundersii, There are also some Orthopterous genera, and many Homopterous, in which the scutellum is dilated and swollen, con- cealing the wings and abdomen; as well as some Crustacea, such as the crab-genus Hymenosoma, and some fishes, which are similarly swollen. The naturalist will do well not to overlook these kinds of analogies, and they require to be stored up for future use. To attempt in the present state of science to apply them fully and fitly is a vain effort of skill. Of the singular family Acroceride I believe nothing is still known of their habits; the species are everywhere very scarce, and no observation has hitherto been made of their transforma- tions. The genera are but few in number, but the species are distributed over the greater portion of the globe. I do not how- ever remember any Asiatic species, although African, Australian, 92 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions North and South American, as well as European, are known. The species are but of small size, none exceeding our large blue-bottle fly in size. PsILODERA. Psilodera affinis, Westw. Ps, lutea, thoracis plaga lata dorsali antice subito angustata zenea, abdomine supra saturate fusco-testaceo, villoso, segmentis tribus basalibus macula media nigra, ad basin haud dilatata. Long. corp. lin. 43, expans. alar. lin. 11. Habitat apud Caput Bone Spei. In Mus. nostr. Ps. valide affine. Caput nigrum. Antenne flave, articuli 2di apice nigro. Thorax luteo-fulvus, pube erecta fulva hirtus, plaga media dorsali antice subito angustiore eenea supra scutellum, maculis duabus obscure testaceis ad margi- nem posticum thoracis dorsi extensis, notatus. Abdomen supra fusco-testaceum, pube pallidiori hirtum, segmentis tri- bus basalibus macula nigra basali, Ima basi haud dilatata ; infra obscure flavescens. Pedes omnino flavi. Ale hyaline. Proboscis nigra, seta dorsali et basali albida. Psilodera capensis, G. R. Gray, An. K. Ins. pl. 128, f. 4. Ps, thorace et scutello omnino luteo-pubescentibus, capite nigro, proboscide nigra, supra fulva, pedibus pallidis ; abdomine rufo-fusco, luteo-albido fasciata. Long. corp. lin. 44, expans. alar, lin. 8. Habitat apud Caput Bone Spei. In Mus. Britann. An Cyrlus fasciatus, Wied.? E Ps. valida certe distincte. LasIA. Lasia flavitarsis, Erichson. Syn. Panops flavitarsis, Wiedemann, Macquart. Lasia amethystina, Perty. Beris? violacea, G. R. Gray. In Griffith’s An. K. Ins, pl. 114, fig. 2. Hee species magnitudine valde variat. Individuum Pertianum lineas 43 habet ; Wiedemanni 5 lineas, et proboscidem 6 lineas. In Museo D. Hope individua 2 extant, lineas 5463 longi- tudine corporis, proboscidis 93 lin., et expans. alar. 12—135 lin. habentia. Antenne fusez, articulo ultimo basi pallido, vene intermedia longitudinales marginis postici alarum ad marginem ipsum haud extense. of some new Exotic Species of Acroceride. 93 Lasia auricoma, Westw. Las. ceeruleo-viridis nitida, thoracis dorso cupreo, abdominis seg- mentis apicalibus aureo-pilosis, pedibus nigris, tarsis Juteis. Long. corp. lin. 53, expans. alar. lin. 12. Habitat in Brasilia. In Mus. nostr. Communic. D. Sells. Oculi picei, luteo-villosi, ocelli haud prominuli. Thorax aureo- viridis, luteo-villosus, plaga magna fere totum dorsum occupante zenea, posticé cuprea, margine omni lete purpurea. Scutellum et abdomen czeruleo-viridia, parum villosa, postice tamen in medio segmentorum aureo-pilosa. Femora znea, geniculis piceis. Tibiz picee, luteo-pilosee. Tarsilutei. Te- gule chalybez. Ale fuscescenti-hyaline, venis nigris, venze intermediz marginis postici ad marginem ipsum extense. Lasia rufipes, Westw. Las. eenea, thorace abdomineque valde luteo-pilosis, pedibus alarumque venis costalibus testaceis. Long. corp. lin. 43. Long. probosc. lin. 6. Expans. alar. lin. 11. Habitat in Brasilia. D. Miers. Oculi picei, luteo-subvillosi. Antenne basi nigree (apice dete- rito), Proboscis nigra, basi supra chalybeeo, seta dorsali brunnea. Caput postice eneo-viridi, regione ocellorum vix elevato. Thorax subcupreo-eneus, luteo dense pilosus. Abdomen etiam densius luteo-villosum, basi segmentorum posticorum (magis subcupreo) tantum apparente; abdomen subtus nitidissime purpureum. Pedes testacei. Ale hyaline, vix infuscatze; venis basalibus et costalibus testaceis. ‘Tegulze luteze. PuiLoporta. Philopota maculicollis, Westw. (Lond. and Edin. Phil. Mag. 1835.) (Philopota vidua, Erichson’s Entomog. p. 153.) In individuo nostro color corporis nigro-piceus, nec brunneus ; facies angusta, inter oculos albida, e sericie tenuissima argen- tia. Proboscis flava, apice brunnea; prothoracis dorsi angulis posticis productis, et extremo apice ferrugineo ; mesothorax punctis duobus minutis anticis alterisque duobus cuneatis supra basin alarum ferrugineis. Abdominis piceo-nigri margo lateralis tenuis, infra pallide flavus. Femora nigra, basi rufa, VOL. V. M 94 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions apice lutea-brunneo. ‘Tibi postice extus pallide flave. Alz infumatee, dimidio postico pallidiori. Long. corp. lin. 43 (nec 53), expans. alar. lin, 12. Obs.—Individua duo a cel. Macquartio in “ Diptéres Exotiques,’ Habitat in Brasilia. D. Swainson. In Mus. nostr. Philopota conica (nitida, Westw.) Individuum hujus speciei, in Muszeo D. Hope, characteribus sequentibus distinguitur: forsan species distincta. Caput nigrum, facie albo-sericanti, acumine albido. Proboscis fere corporis longitudine albida, apice fusco. Mesothoracis dorsum flavum, disco lato nigro, antice subito angustiore ; linea laterale tenue flava super basin alarum relicta. Pro- thoracis pleurz flavo-maculate. Mesothorax valde elevatus, lateribus ante alas utrinque macula flava. Abdomen elon- gato-conicum, nitidum punctatum, segmenti lmi margine postico tenui flavo, segmentis 2 et 3 macula transversali laterali marginis postici cum margine laterali omni flavis. Coxe brunnez. Femora nigra, basi brunneo, apice albido. Tibiz albidee, subtus nigricantes. Alze fuscescentes, antice vix obscuriores. ’ pars 2, pp. 171, 172, ut varietates D. conice descripta, meo judice, ad species distinctas pertinent. Philopota liturata, Westw. Ph. brunneo-nigra, prothoracis margine antico et postico, meso- thorace utrinque linea flexuosa flavis, alis fusco-hyalinis, abdomine subopaco punctatissimo. Long. corp. lin. 34, expans. alar, lin. 7. Habitat in Brasilia. D. Swainson. In Mus. D. Hope. Statura et summa affinitas Ph. nitide, differt tamen colore magis brunneo, thoracis minus elevato, prothoracis margine antico et postico flavis. Mesothorax utrinque linea tenui flexuosa flava, ad basin scutelli ducta. Prothoracis et me- sothoracis pleuris notatis macula flava. Abdomen elongato- conicum (minus tamen elongatum quam in specie preecedenti), subopacum, punctatissimum, punctis tamen minoribus quam in preecedenti, segmentis posticis tenuissime sericeis ; tribus basalibus margine postico tenui flavo, (in 2do et 3tio medio interrupto), margine omni laterali flavido. An Philopote ovate mas ? — — of some new Exotic Species of Acroceride. 95 Philopota tuberculata, Westw. Ph. nigra luteo-villosa, mesothorace postice bituberculato, abdo- minis basi utrinque luteo; alis fusco-hyalinis, dimidio antico fusco. Long. corp. lin, 3, expans. alar. lin. 7. Habitat in Brasilia. D. Miers. Species distincta. Caput nigrum, oculis griseo-hirtis, facie albido-sericea, acumine pallido. Proboscis corpore e tertia parte brevior, albida, apice fusco. Thorax niger, luteo- villosus, prothoracis loborum dorsalium angulis rufo-piceis. Mesothorax valde elevatus; disco postice quadrato-elevato, vel potius in tuberculis duobus producto. Scutellum gib- bum, aureo-pilosum. Abdomen conico-ovatum, nitidum, punctatum, longius nigro-hirtum, segmentis 2, 3 et 4 utrin- que macula magna triangulari communi lutea, abdomen sub- tus luteum. Femora piceo-nigra, apice luteo. Tibiz pallide luteze, subtus vix obscuriores. Tarsi luteo-fulvi, unguibus nigris. Alze fusco-hyaline, costa late fusca, usque ad venam 2dam posticam (5am longitudinalem) et ad apicem ale extensa ; vena 4ta longitudinalis (ramo interno furce), fere ad apicem alee extensa ; vena sexta sinuata ramos duos parvos emittit, versus basin alarum, extensos, uno paullo ante apicem altero- que apicali. Philopota ovata, Westw. Ph. brunnea punctatissima, thorace, abdomineque basi linecis flavis notatis, alis fusco-hyalinis, costa late fusca. Long. corp. lin. 33, expans. alar. lin. 8. Habitat in Brasilia. D. Swainson. In Mus. D. Hope. Ph. liturate affinis. Brunneo-nigra, opaca. Caput nigrum, punctatissimum, facie albo-sericea, acumine albido. Pro- thorax margine antico et postico tenui flavo. Mesothorax mediocriter elevatus, utrinque linea tenuissima flexuosa flava ad basin scutelli extensa, pleuris prothoracis puncto et me- sothoracis macula majori ante alas flavis. Abdomen conico- ovatum, opacum, tenuissime punctatissimum, margine postico tenui segmenti Imi flavo, segmento tio et sequentibus basi nigricantibus ; margine omni laterali tenui albido. Femora nigra, apice albido. Tibiz albida, subtus piceee. Tarsi picei. Alz fusco-hyalinze, costa laté fusca ad venam 2ndam posti- cam extensa, apice ipso hyalino. 96 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions Philopota histrio, Erichson. Individuum hujus species vidi, cujus color generalis corporis est zeneo-niger nec brunneus ; prothoracis flavi lateribus vitta tenui nigra ad basin alarum extensa et cum margine tenul antico nigro mesothoracis litteram M formante. Coxe anticee flavee. Aliter cum descriptione cel. Erichsonii con- grult. Long. corp. fere lin. 4. Habitat in Brasilia. D. Miers. Individuum alterum etiam vidi, cujus prothoracis dorsum est nigrum, margine postico tenui litteram V. referente, angulis- que anticis lateralibus flavis maculis posticis mesothoracis margineque postico scutelli luteo-ferrugineis ; abdominis seg- mentis basalibus margine postico flavo in medio interrupto ; duobus apicalibus nigris ; femora antica subtus albida. Mag- nitudo preecedentis. Brasilia. D. Miers. PTERODONTIA. Pterodontia flavipes, G. R. Gray, in Griffith, An. Kingd. Insects, pl. 128, fig. 3, part 34, p. 779. [Nec Pt. flavipes, Macquart, Dipt. exot. 1, 175.] Pt. nigra, scutello abdomineque testaceo, basi maculisque dorsali- bus nigris, pedibus pallidis, femoribus quatuor posticis nigris. Long. corp. lin. 4, expans. alar. lin. 82. Habitat in Georgia Americe. In Mus. Britann. Affinis Pt. Virmondi, Erich. Caput et thorax nigra, nitida, nigro- villosa. Mesothorax lateribus postice scutelloque testaceis. Abdomen segmentis duobus basalibus (1mo bre- vissimo) nigris; reliquis fulvo-testaceis, rufo-villosis; 3tio vitta media antice et postice dilatata; 4to et 5to macula media basali, nigris. ‘Tegule fusco-nigre, nitide. Pedes pallidi, luteo-albidi, tarsorum apice et unguibus obscuris, femoribus quatuor posticis nigris. Ale pallide luteo-hyalinz. Costa nonnihil obscuriori, venis pallidis, costalibus et basali- bus, paullo obscurioribus. Alarum vene ut in Pt. Mellu disposite. Obs.—M. Macquart states that the figure given of the wing of Pterodontia, in the Suites A Buffon, Dipt. pl. 20, fig. 5, is copied from the Animal Kingdom ; it is however very inaccurate: neither of some new Exotic Species of Acroceride. 97 is the engraving in the English work quite correct nor agreeable to my original drawing, from which it was engraved. Pterodontia Macquartu, Westw. Pt. atra, scutello abdominisque lateribus rufis, pedibus flavis, femoribus anticis nigris. Long. corp. 33—44 lin. Habitat in Nova Hollandia. In Mus. Reg. Paris. Syn. Plerodontia flavipes, Macquart, Dipt. exot. 1, p. 175. An var. Pt. Mellii, Erichs. ? Pterodontia analis, Westw. Pt. nigra, segmentis apicalibus abdominis fulvis, alulis margine nigricantibus, alis hyalinis, venis albidis, pedibus pallidis. Long. corp. lin. 2, expans. alar, lin. 5. Habitat in Georgia Americe. In Mus. Britann. Nigra, nitida, nigro-villosa, tenuissime punctata. Caput nigrum, oculis postice brunneis. Antenne prope os insertee, articulo terminali gracillimo brevi, apice clavato setigero. Thorax cum scutello niger. Abdomen hemisphericum, segmentis duobus basalibus maculaque media ad basin segmenti se- quentis nigris. Tota pars abdominis relicta apicalis fulva. Ale hyaline, iridescentes, transversim rugose. Venez albidz distinctze, area discoidali sub apicem alarum postice aperta. Tegule fuscescentes, marginibus nigricantibus. Pedes albidi, femoribus basi obscurioribus, unguibus nigris. ACROCERA. Acrocera nigrina, Westw. Acr. nigra, nitida, tenuissime punctata; punctis duobus minutis ad marginem posticum penultimi segmenti margineque tenui segmenti ultimi albidis; pedibus obscure luteo-albidis, fe- moribus tibiisque in medio obscurioribus; alis fusco pallide tinctis, venis piceis distinctis; alulis fusco-marginatis, Long. corp. lin. 2, expans. alar. lin. 63. Habitat in Georgia Americe. In Mus. Britann. VOL. V. N 98 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions, Sc. Acrocera unguculata, Westw. Acr. nigra, abdomine fulvo, basi maculisque nigris, pedibus albis, unguibus nigris ; alarum venis fere obsoletis. Long. corp. lin. 13, expans. alar. lin, 4. Habitat in Georgia Americe. In Mus. Britann. Caput et thorax nigra, hoc antice utrinque puncto minuto luteo, postice aureo-villoso, mesothoracis lateribus luteis. Abdomen fulvum; basi, lateribus segmentorum duorum basalium, macula angulata in medio ad basin alteraque ad basin segmentorum duorum proximorum nigris; corpore subtus halteribus pedi- busque albidis, unguibus magnis nigris. Ale hyaline albe, venis fere indistinctis, costa tamen paullo obscuriori. Acrocera subfasciata, Westw. Acr. nigra, thorace utrinque maculis duabus cuneiformibus fulvis; abdomine fusco, segmento 1mo ad apicem maculis duabus transversis, 2do fascia apicali utrinque abbreviata luteis ; alteris terminalibus luteo-marginatis. Long. corp. lin. 13, expans. alar. lin. 43. Habitat in Novo Eboraco. In Mus. Britann. Caput et thorax nigra, hoc antice maculis duabus cuneiformibus fulvis, spiraculis albidis, mesothoracis lateribus postice albidis. Pedes albidi, unguibus nigris. Ale hyaline, venis pallide fuscis ; costa paullo obscuriori. Acrocera fumipennis, Westw. Acr. nigra, nitida, alis hyalinis, versus basin fusco-infumatis, venis versus basin obscuris ad apicem tamen fere obliteratis, alulis fuscis, pedibus albidis. Long. corp. lin. 13, expans. alar. lin. 4. Habitat in Georgia Americe. In Mus. Britann. Acrocera bulla, Westw. Nigra, abdomine albido, basi, (in medio dentata,) fascia ad basin 2di segmenti, maculaque media ad basin 3tii anoque nigris, pedibus albidis, unguibus nigris, alis hyalinis, costa venisque fuscis. Long. corp. lin, 23, expans. alar, lin, 53. Habitat in Novo Eboraco. In Mus. Britann. J. W. Douglas’s Note on Segetia Xanthographa. 99 XXVI. Note on a Variety of Segetia Xanthographa. (PI. XIV. fig.1.) By J. W. Dovauas, Esq. [Read 6th March, 1848. ] Ar the meeting of this Society on November Ist, 1847, I exhibited a most curious specimen of this moth, taken near Manchester, and sent to me by Mr. Edleston. On the right side the wings present the usual appearance of the species, but on the left the upper wing has only a broad stripe of brown on the costal portion, the rest of it being luteous, with a few dark marks, and the lower wing being dark, with a broad luteous dash running down the centre. It is a most singular deviation from the normal appearance of this moth, and has been most ably drawn by Mr. Wing, to whose figure I beg a reference, as giving a better idea of the insect than any description I can make. What may have been the cause of this variation I am unable to say decisively, but some observations reported to the Entomolo- gical Society of France by M. A. Pierret,* will, I think, throw some light on it. He says, that of several species of Lepidoptera which ordinarily have the wings red, varieties occur in which that colour is replaced by yellow. He instances Sphinx Dahlu, S. Euphorbia, Zygena Achillea, Z. Fausta, and Z. Onobrychis, Eu- chelia Jacobee, Chelonia Caja, C. Hebe, and C. purpurea, Calli- morpha Hera and C. dominula. He says the reverse of this never takes place, with the single exception of Callimorpha donna, in which the yellow of the under wings is sometimes replaced by red; but in this case he thinks, that as C. donna is really only a variety of C. dominula, the apparently accidental red is properly a return to the typical colour. He then concludes, that every yellow variety of a red type is caused by an arrest of the elaboration of the colouring matter of the perfect insect, resulting either from the imperfect or improper nutrition of the caterpillar, or from the influence of atmospheric agents while in the pupa state. I think that if this theory be correct, that it may account for the variation of the species now before us, although this differs from the examples quoted by M. Pierret, inasmuch as the typical colour is not red, and the yellow variation is on one side only. * Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 1847. Tome 5, Bulletin, page Ixxii. VOL. V, S 100 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch XXVII. Sketch of the Genus Peecilocoris, belonging to the Hemipterous Family Scutelleride. By W.S. Daas, Esq. [Read 3d April, 1848.] In a paper in the third volume of the Transactions of the Ento- mological Society, at p. 84, Mr. White proposed the division of Tectocoris, Hahn, into two genera, retaining the name Tectocoris for that section which contains Hahn’s type (7. cyanipes, Fab.), and proposing that of Peecilochroma* for the other, containing Cimex Drurei, Lin., and some allied species. ‘The genus Scutel- lera, of Amyot and Serville, corresponds exactly with T'ectocoris as above restricted, but those Entomologists have established no generic group to which the species forming the present genus can be referred. As Mr. White, in the paper quoted above, did not fully charac- terize this genus, it may be as well here to give its distinctive characters at length. Genus Pacitocoris, (Pecilochroma, White). Cimex, Linn.; Drury; Fab. olim. Tetyra,Fab.; Burm. Scutellera, Guér.; Burm.; Germ.; H. Schaffer. Tectocoris, Hope. Pachycoris, H. Schaffer. Body ovate, convex. Head (Pl. XIII. fig. a) rather large, broad, the lateral margins sinuated before the eyes. Antenne (fig. a) about half the length of the body, of five joints ; basal joint short, robust ; second, shorter and thinnest ; third, fourth and fifth, each as long as, or longer than the two basal united, nearly equal, com- pressed, broad, and furrowed longitudinally on the sides. Rostrum generally passing the second segment of the abdomen, in some species extending nearly to its apex. Scutellum slightly truncated at the apex. Abdomen (fig. b) with a more or less distinct furrow beneath; the three penultimate segments in the male not bearing the dull space on each side which exists in Tectocoris (fig. c), and the anal plate, in the same sex, simple, consisting only of one piece, which has its extremity sinuated, and fringed with hairs. * As I have been informed, since this was read, that the generic name Pecilo- chroma, applied to this genus by Mr. White, had been previously employed in Lepidoptera, I have, with that gentleman’s concurrence, changed his name for that which stands at the head of this paper. of the Genus Pecilocoris. 101 The species bear a striking resemblance, in the arrangement of their colours, to many of the species of Coccinella, being mostly yellow, orange or red, spotted with black or violet ; they corre- spond also in their tendency to variation, the spots sometimes increasing in size, until, becoming confluent, they cover nearly the whole surface, sometimes disappearing partially, or even entirely, so that their proper position can only be determined from some slight difference in the surface of the parts which, in the normal state, would be darkly coloured. The difficulty of distinguishing the species is increased by the remarkable uniformity which exists in most of them, in the number and position of the spots on the scutellum ; but we shall generally find that the underside of the body (though even here there is some tendency to variation) will present us with sufficient characters for this purpose, for it is sel- dom the case that the developement of the dark colouring matter is increased on both surfaces of the same individual. sp. l. 2. latus, N.S. . (Bl. XUE, fig: 4:) P. rotundato-ovatus, flavus, rubro-nebulosus, capite, maculisque thoracis et scutelli nigro-violaceis ; abdomine rufo, immacu- lato, ano concolori; pectore flavescenti, antice pallide rufo ; pedibus nigro-violaceis, femoribus basi testaceis ; rostro* ab- dominis medium attingente. ¢, 2. Long. lin. 9—10. Hab. in China. In Mus. Brit. Rounded-ovate, not very convex; above yellow, clouded with orange-red, thickly punctured. Head violet, shining, thickly and strongly punctured; eyes brown; ocelli red. Thorax thickly punctured, somewhat rugose, with the anterior angles, and two large spots on the disc, extending to the posterior margin, deep blue-violet. Scutellum thickly and finely punctured, slightly wrinkled transversely at the base; with a spot in each basal angle, a large, irregular, transverse patch in the centre of the base, and a transverse row of four spots, of which the two intermediate are by much the largest, across the disc, behind the middle, deep blue-violet ; the surface around all the spots clouded with orange- red. Margins of elytra black. Abdomen beneath red, immacu- late, thickly and finely punctured, and slightly pilose, with a strong central furrow at the base. Anal apparatus reddish. Breast thickly punctured, yellowish, variegated with blackish violet ; the * IT have only noticed the length of the rostrum in the characters of those species in which it exceeds the usual limits. 02 102 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch antepectus pale red, with a violet-black spot at the base of the anterior legs. Thighs testaceous, their apices, with the tibiz and tarsi, shining violet-black. Head beneath yellowish in the centre, with its margins violet. Antenne black, the two basal joints with a violet tinge. Rostrum testaceous, with the two last joints black, the apex attaining the base of the fourth segment of the abdomen. The Museum specimens of this beautiful species, which, from its form, may be considered as the link uniting this genus with Tectocoris, have the five spots in the centre of the base of the scutellum confluent, forming the large patch which is seen at this part; in the normal state they would be arranged exactly as in P. Drurei. In this particular it agrees with J'etyra Donovani, Burm.,* (Nova Acta, &c. vol. xvi. p. 286, Tab. 41, fig. 1,) and also in the absence of the two subapical spots, and the length of the rostrum ; but the difference in the form, and in the general colouring of the two insects, is too great to admit of the supposition of their identity. Sp. 2. P. interruptus, Hope. P. rotundato-ovatus, nigro-zeneus; thorace margine postico, lineaque curva longitudinali utrinque, scutello linea sub- media transversa interrupta, margineque apicali, coccineis ; abdomine nigro-zneo, rubro-variegato, ano nigro; pectore toto, pedibusque nigris. 4, @. Long. lin. 7—9. Hab. in Nepal. In Mus. Brit. Tectocoris interrupta, Hope, Cat. p. 14. Scutellera int., Germ. Z. vol. i. p. 134; H. Sch. vol. v. p. 73, pl. 172, fig. 531. Broadly ovate, rather flat; above brassy black, thickly and finely punctured. Eyes pale brown; ocelli red. Prothorax with the posterior margin, and a curved longitudinal line on each side, within the lateral angles, bright red. Scutellum with a narrow transverse line on the disc near the middle, interrupted in the centre, and the apical margin, bright red; [margins of elytra brassy black ;] margins of abdomen black, variegated with bright red, Abdomen beneath black, shining, slightly brassy, the bases of the second, third, fourth and fifth segments, in the middle, and a mar- ginal spot on the junction of each segment, red. Anal apparatus black, margined with red in the female. Breast brassy black, thickly and finely punctured. Antenne, rostrum and legs black, * This species approaches very closely to P. Hardwickii. of the Genus Pecilocoris. 103 In a long series of this insect in the British Museum there are no indications of distinct spots ; but it is probable that the anterior margin, and two spots on the disc of the prothorax, are black, and that the spots on the scutellum are arranged much as in P. Hardnickii, the interruption to the red band being evidently caused by the apex of the central basal spot of the scutellum, although it is certainly quite distinct from that species. Sp. 3. P. purpurascens, Hope. (PI. XIII. fig. 5.) P. ovatus, violaceo nigroque variegatus; thorace maculis 4 parvis, scutelloque 5, coccineis; abdomine viridi-zneo, ma- culis 4 utrinque rubris, ano nigro-zneo ; pectore toto, pedi- busque nigro-violaceis. 3, @. Long lin. 8—9. Hab. in Nepal. In Mus. Brit. Tectocoris purpurascens, Hope, Cat. p. 14. Scutellera purp., Germ. Z. vol. i. p. 135. Ovate ; above variegated with violet and black, thickly and strongly punctured. Head nearly smooth, shining, slightly wrin- kled, and punctured at the base and apex; eyes and ocelli brown. Thorax with a small red spot in the centre of the anterior margin, a corresponding one on the posterior margin, and a small streak of the same colour on each side towards the lateral angles. Scu- tellum with a small transverse streak on each side before the middle, a smaller longitudinal one towards the apex, and an oblique one on each side of this, on the lateral margins, bright red. Margins of elytra violet-black. Abdomen beneath slightly wrinkled, shining brassy green, the margins violet, with an irre- gular transverse red streak on each side on the second, third, fourth and fifth segments. Anal apparatus brassy black. Breast violet and green, shining, finely punctured, with a dull black patch on the medi- and post-pectus. Legs violet-black. Head beneath violet and green, shining, punctured. Antenne and ros- trum black. The spots (indicated by the strong violet tints on various parts of the surface) are arranged, normally, exactly as in P. Drurei, but the species appears to be quite distinct. Sp. 4. P. Drurei, Lin. (Pl. XIII. fig. 6.) P, ovatus, luteo-fulvus, vel rufus ; capite, maculis 2 thoracis, maculisque 13 scutelli, plus minusve confluentibus, nigris ; elytris nigris ; abdomine rufescenti-fulvo, basi, stigmatibus, 104 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch maculaque ante apicem, nigris; ano rufescenti; pectore (marginibus antero-lateralibus rufis exceptis), pedibus, an- tennisque nigris. 3, @. Long. lin. 8—9. Hab. in Indiis Orient. In Mus. Brit., &c. Cimex Drurei, Lin. Mant. Plant. 534; Drury, Ins. vol.i. p. 94, pl. 42, fig. 1; Fab. E. S. vol. iv. pp. 83, 13. Tetyra Drurei, Fab. S. R. pp. 132, 17. Scutellera Dr., Germ. Z., vol.i. p.135. (Burm. p. 396.) ( Tectocoris Dr., Hope, Cat.) Stoll. Wanz. p. 114, fig. 267. The normal condition of this species may be considered to ex- hibit the typical colouring of the genus; in it the spots on the scutellum are arranged,— five basal, of which the central one is somewhat triangular and rather short, the two intermediate small- est; two behind these, placed opposite the intermediate basal ones, a row of four across the disc, rather behind the middle, and two towards the apex. The seven spots at the base are frequently confluent, forming a large basal patch, with three large notches in its posterior margin (as in the variety figured by Drury); the row of spots across the disc are also often united to form a trans- verse band. The narrow basal segment of the abdomen, and generally the second segment also, are violet-black ; the stigmata of the other segments are surrounded by spots of the same colour, which generally occupy the entire lateral margins of the segments, and thus form a black border to the abdomen; the terminal seg- ment, except the posterior and lateral margins, is black. In a specimen of this insect, in the Museum of the East India Company, the usual black spots on the thorax and scutellum are represented by whitish guttz, whilst the black markings of the abdomen occupy more of the surface than usual. Sp. 5. P. obsoletus, N.S. P. ovatus, coccineus opacus, pallide violaceo-maculatus ; tho- race marginibus lateralibus et antico nitidis; elytris coccineis ; abdomine coccineo, segmento primo, stigmatibus, maculaque magna segmenti ultimi, nigris ; ano rubro; pectore (margini- bus antero-lateralibus exceptis), pedibusque nigris, femoribus basi fuscescentibus. ¢. Long. lin. 9. Hab. Hong Kong. In Mus. Brit. of the Genus Pecilocoris. 105 Ovate, above bright velvety red, thickly punctured. Head and eyes black ; ocelli reddish. Thorax with the anterior and lateral margins smooth, shining, rather coarsely and irregularly punc- tured ; two indistinct yellowish patches within the anterior angles, and faint indications of two elongated violet spots on the disc. Scutellum slightly wrinkled transversely at the base, and with in- dications of eleven violet spots, placed five at the base, two behind these, and four in a transverse row across the middle ; the apical portion orange, finely reticulated with red. Margins of elytra bright red, thickly and coarsely punctured. Abdomen red, shining, with a few scattered punctures, and a faint longitudinal furrow at the base; the basal segment pitchy black, a small spot round each of the stigmata, and a large crescent-shaped one on the terminal segment, black. Anal apparatus red. Breast violet-black, shining, finely and sparingly punctured, a dull space on each side of the medi- and post-pectus; the antero-lateral margins and the lateral angles red. Thighs brownish, slightly tinted with brassy, their apices, the tibice and tarsi, brassy black. Head beneath shining violet, punctured, yellowish at the base. Antenne black, the three basal joints tinted with violet and brassy, the two apical covered with short greyish hairs, Rostrum pitchy. This insect was recently sent from Hong Kong by John C. Bowring, Esq. ; it is very nearly allied to the preceding, the spots being arranged in exactly the same manner; but the two sub- apical ones are wanting, whilst the red colour of the margins of the elytra, the colour of the legs, the peculiar texture of the margins of the thorax, and the clothing of the two last joints of the antennz, seem to mark it as a distinct species. Sp. 6. P. pulcher, White, MS. (PI. XIII. fig. 7.) P. ovatus, purpureus, thorace antice, marginibus lateralibus, lineaque centrali coccineis; scutello basi, fasciaque lata media violaceo-tinctis ; abdomine coccineo, stigmatibus nigris; ano rufo; pectore (marginibus antero-lateralibus exceptis) pedi- busque nigro-purpureis. 3. Long. lin. 9. Hab. in Malabar. In Mus. Brit. Ovate, deep velvety purple, thickly and finely punctured. Head shining, strongly punctured, blackish at the base, and along the margins of the lobes; eyes brownish; ocelli reddish. Thorax broadly margined with red laterally and anteriorly, and with a narrow, central, longitudinal line of the same colour on the disc. 106 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch Scutellum deep purple, with the base (irregularly), a transverse band across the disc, before the middle, a narrow central line uniting these, and a small spot on each side of the latter, shining violet. The margins of the elytra brownish purple. Abdomen with a strong furrow at the base, bright red, with a violet reflec- tion, smooth, shining, very finely and moderately punctured ; a black spot round each of the stigmata, and a faint band of the same colour across the terminal segment. Anal plate red. Breast purple, variegated with violet and greenish tints, shining, thickly and finely punctured, the antero-lateral margins and lateral angles red. Thighs brassy purple; tibiz shining violet; tarsi black. Head beneath violet and green, shining, strongly punctured ; orange at the base. Antenne (mutilated) shining violet. Ros- trum brassy black, basal joint pale pinkish violet. The spots in this beautiful species appear to be arranged as in P. Drurei, except that the two subapical ones are wanting. The others can easily be traced in the violet tints of the base, and the broad band across the middle of the scutellum. Sp. 7. P. Childreni, White. P. ovatus, luteo-fulvus; capite, thorace antice maculisque 4 posticis, scutelloque maculis 11, nigris ; abdomine, pectore- que toto, nigro-purpureis, illo lineis 4 transversis utrinque, fulvis; ano nigro; pedibus nigro-purpureis. ¢, @. Long. lin. 9. Hab. in Nepal. In Mus. Brit., &c. Peecilochroma Childreni, White, Ent. ‘Trans. vol. iii. p. 84, pl. 7, fig. 1. The spots on the scutellum are placed,—three basal, of which the central one is large, triangular, and produced on each side at the base, in such a manner that it appears as though in the nor- mal state there would be an additional spot on each side, as in P. Drurei; two behind these, a row of four across the disc, rather behind the middle, and two subapical. It is rather singu- lar, that all the three specimens with which I am acquainted have (as noticed by Mr. White, 1]. c. sup.) a strong impression across the disc of the scutellum, in front of the transverse row of spots, in two instances, certainly, increased since the death of the insect, but in the third apparently in the same condition as during its life. This character, if it be one, exists in no other species. I have never seen any specimens with the spots confluent, but if such should occur, they would be easily distinguishable from P. of the Genus Pecilocoris. 107 Drurei by the broad black anterior margin of the prothorax, and the black anal plates; from the following species, P. Hardnickit, by the margins of all the segments of the abdomen being violet- black ; and from both, by the presence of four spots on the disc of the prothorax, and by the entire breast being violet-black. It is probable that, in the normal condition, the disc of the abdomen may be yellow or orange, margined with black, as in P. Drurei, for in one of the specimens in the British Museum there exists, in addition to the transverse lines on each side, a narrow longitudinal line in the centre, which crosses two or three of the segments. Sp. 8 P. Hardnicki, Hope.* (PI. XIII. fig. 8.) P. ovatus, luteo-fulvus vel sanguineus; thorace antice maculis- que 2 nigris; scutello nigro-maculato vel variegato; abdo- mine rufo, basi, segmentis marginibus lateralibus, penultimo et terminali exceptis, segmento ultimo anoque, nigro-violaceis ; pectore (marginibus antero-lateralibus exceptis) pedibusque nigro-violaceis. Gaek Long. lin. 8—10, Hab. in India. In Mus. Brit., &c. Tectocoris Hardnicki, et affinis, Hope, Cat. p. 13. Pachycoris Nepalensis, H. Sch., Wanz. Bd. 4, p. 1, Tab. 109, fig. 339. Scutellera Hardwicku, Germ. Z., vol. i. p. 135. Ovate, convex, above yellowish-orange or red, opaque, rather thickly and finely punctured. Head black, thickly and strongly punctured ; eyes and ocelli brownish. Thorax with the anterior portion, and two large spots on the disc, black. Scutellum slightly wrinkled transversely at the base; in the normal state with eleven black spots, placed, three at the base, of which the central one is large, elongated-triangular, a small round one on each side of the apex of this, a transverse row of four across the disc, behind the middle, the two intermediate of which are the largest, and two smaller towards the apex. These spots are generally either more or less confluent, or partially obliterated, forming numerous varie- ties, as noted below. Margins of the elytra pitchy black. Abdomen beneath orange-red, very faintly wrinkled, the basal segment en- tirely, the second, except the middle, the third and fourth on the lateral margins, the terminal segment, except its lateral margins, * The insect described by Burmeister (Nova Acta, &c., vol. xvi. p. 286), under the name of Tetyra Donovani, very closely resembles this species, with which it may perhaps be identical ; in this case Burmeister’s name must supplant Hope’s, 108 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch (and, in the male, its base,) and the anal apparatus, violet-black ; the penultimate segment is entirely red. Breast black, tinted with violet, finely punctured ; the lateral angles of the antepectus, and part of the antero-lateral margins, red. Legs violet-black. An- tennz and rostrum black. This is one of the most variable species of this genus with which we are at present acquainted. Mr. Hope has described, as dis- tinct species, the two following varieties, viz. 1. Tect. Hardnicku, Hope. Pachycoris Nepalensis, H. Sch.; Scutellera Hardnicku, Germ. In this the spots have become confluent, so that the general colour of the upper surface of the insect is black; the thorax is nearly covered by the two spots on the disc, which extend for- wards to the black anterior margin, and posteriorly to the hinder margin; the five spots at the base of the scutellum are united, forming a large waved band across the base, from the centre of which the apex of the triangular basal spot projects, while the two intermediate spots of the transverse row are joined to one another, and to the two subapical ones, forming a large rounded lobate patch. , Between this and the normal state, and between the latter and the following variety, a good many intermediate forms exist. 2. Tect. affinis, Hope. In this the two subbasal and the two subapical spots are wanting, all the other characters existing as in the normal condition of the species, although we sometimes find the two spots on the disc of the thorax exceedingly indistinct. The species however is easily distinguished, throughout all its varieties, from those most nearly allied to it, by the uniform red colour of the fifth segment of the abdomen. Sp. 9. P. dives, Guérin. P. rufo-fulvus; capite, thorace margine antico, maculis thoracis et scutelli, elytrorumque marginibus nigris; abdomine rufo, sulco longitudinali indistincto, stigmatibus nigris; rostro fere abdominis apicem attingente. ¢. Long. lin. 73. Hab. in Java. In Mus. Brit. Scutellera dives, Guérin, Ic. pl. 55, fig. 1. Somewhat elongate-ovate, above orange, thickly and finely punctured. Head brassy-black, shining, punctured; eyes brown- of the Genus Pecilocoris. 109 ish; ocelli reddish. Thorax with the anterior margin, a spot on each lateral angle, a submarginal line on each side, uniting these with the anterior margin, and two large spots on the disc, violet or brassy-black. Scutellum with thirteen violet-black spots, placed as in P. Drurei. Margins of the elytra violet- black. Beneath thickly and finely punctured. Abdomen with a slight central furrow, red, shining, with a slight violet tint; a violet-black spot on each of the stigmata. Anal plate red. Breast violet, shining, pale in the centre and at the insertion of the legs ; the antero-lateral margins red. Legs brassy-violet, with the base of the thighs brownish testaceous. Head beneath violet. Ros- trum reaching nearly to the apex of the abdomen, violet-black, with the edges of the basal joint, and the articulations of all the joints, testaceous. Antennz violet-black, with the base of the first joint testaceous. Guérin, in the letter-press to his “ Iconographie du Régne Ani- mal,” states this to be only a variety of P. Drurei; his figure, however, differs sufficiently from that species to show at once that they are decidedly distinct ; and the characters drawn from the extraordinary length of the rostrum, and the colouring of the underside, place them at a still greater distance. Sp. 10. P. longirostris, N.S. (Pl. XIII. fig. 9.) P. luteo-fulvus, capite, maculis thoracis et scutelli, elytrorumque marginibus, nigris ; abdomine luteo-fulvo, sulco longitudinali centrali distincto, stigmatibus nigris; rostro fere abdominis apicem attingente. ¢@. Long. lin. 9. Hab. in Java. In Mus. Brit. Ovate, somewhat elongated; above orange-yellow, very thickly and finely punctured. Head black, strongly punctured; eyes brown ; ocelli reddish. Thorax very narrowly edged with black anteriorly, and with a black spot within each anterior angle. Scutellum with seven black spots, placed, three at the base, two intermediate, and a very small one on each side, near the middle of the lateral margins. Beneath very thickly and finely punc- tured. Abdomen with a strong central furrow, orange-yellow, shining, with a violet-black spot on each of the stigmata, Anal apparatus yellow. Breast violet, shining; the centre, the antero- lateral margins, and some transverse lines on the margins of the segments, yellow. Legs shining violet; thighs at the base, and 110 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description coxe, brownish testaceous. Head beneath violet, strongly punc- tured, yellow at the base; the antenniferous tubercles yellowish. Rostrum very long, reaching nearly to the apex of the abdomen, brassy green, shining ; the edges of the basal joint yellow. An- tenn (mutilated) violet-black. The only specimen of this insect in the British Museum is evi- dently deficient in spots; the two spots in the anterior angles of the prothorax being the remains of a transverse band on that part; the spots on the dise of the thorax, and most probably six spots of the scutellum, being wanting. It is very nearly allied to P. dives, but appears to be distinct ; it may possibly, however, turn out to be the female of that species. XXVIII. Description of some Species of Geometride from South America, forming a new Genus. By Epwarp Dovsuepay, Esq. F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e. [Read May Ist, 1848.] Tue beautiful insects forming the genus I am about to characterize are natives of the mountainous regions of the tropical portions of South America. The only specimens I have seen of the species here described were brought home by Mr. Dyson from Venezuela, and by Mr. Bridges from Bolivia. The former traveller found the three first species in the lofty mountains of Caraccas, the latter collected the fourth and fifth species in the country of the Yuru- cam Indians, in the Andes of Bolivia. _I have also seen one spe- cies from the mountainous parts of Brazil, and much regret not being able to lay before the Society a description of it. It belongs to the third section. Of the affinities of the genus I can say nothing. We know too little of the Geometride to venture upon that subject, yet perhaps I might safely suggest an alliance to the genera Odezia, Torula and Psodos, all more or less mountain genera. The analogy in form to some of the Erycinide cannot be over- looked. Like the genera Odexia, Torula and Psodos, the Erateine are diurnal insects. The first segment of the abdomen offers the same remarkable cavity which, on a former occasion, I mentioned to this Society as occurring in some of the Glaucopide, considering it to be analogous of some new Species of Geometridae. a: to the drum of the Cicada. I regret exceedingly not being able to make out more satisfactorily both this peculiarity, and the struc- ture of certain anal appendages, which seem to exist in both sexes of some at least of the species. In Hrateima Zoraida those of the male consist of two large shell-like valves, lined internally with hair, and furnished above with a tuft of long hairs on each side; they appear to be capable of being entirely retracted within the abdo- men. The structure of the scales and hairs, within the fold of the inner margin of the posterior wings, is very remarkable. The scales are oval, much like those of the peculiar spots on the wings of some species of Colias and Callidryas, very faintly striate. The hairs are jointed, composed of striated cylinders, much resembling the spines of an Hchinus, easily detached one from the other, and then appearing like small cylindrical scales. On this subject I shall have more to say at a future time, as also on the characters of the abdomen. Genus ERATEINA. Heap small, round, the forehead clothed with appressed scales, the vertex between the antennz with a tuft of elongate scales, not closely appressed. yes rather small, round, not remarkably prominent. Mazxille about equal in length to the whole body. Labial palpi small, much curved, ascending, parallel, scaly ; the scales in front at the base elongate, more or less erect; behind and towards the apex in front short, appressed ; first joint stout, sub-cylindric, much curved, the apex obliquely truncate; second joint of about equal length, slenderer, less curved, sub-cylindric, smaller towards the apex; third joint one-third the length of the second, obovate, and slightly pointed. Antenne not quite so long as the body, simple, the joints short, scaly on the back, thickly set at the sides and within with very delicate, short, erect hairs. Tuorax rather small, oval, the prothorax exceedingly short. 4n- terior nings trigonate, the apex very slightly rounded, the margins but little rounded, the anterior one-half longer than the inner margin, this latter rather shorter than the outer margin. Costal nervure extending beyond the middle of the anterior margin. Sub-costal nervure throwing off its first nervule before the end of the cell, then bending downwards, and again rising to unite for a short distance with its first nervule, thus forming a small elongate cellule. Second, third and fourth sub-costal nervules united at their origin, the second separating itself at a point nearer to their common origin than the point where the third and fourth separate from each other ; the fourth terminating at the apex ; the fifth, on 112 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description the outer margin, considerably below the apex. Cell less than half the length of the wing. Upper disco-cellular nervule wanting ; the first discoidal nervule, arising from the sub-costal nervure, near the end of the cellule formed by its junction with the first sub- costal nervule. Middle disco-cellular nervule arising before the origin of the first discoidal nervule, straight, shorter than the Jower disco-cellular, which is first directed immediately across the wing, then outwards to the third median nervule, which makes a slight angle at the point of union, First median nervule thrown off at a point about half as distant from the end of the cell as from the base of the wing, slightly curved downwards, as is the second. Third median nervule slight, curved upwards. Posterior mings elongate, caudate, dentate externally ; or somewhat quadrate, cau- date or rounded ; the inner margin in the males (of some species at least) folded back upon the under surface of the wing, forming a semi-oval lobe, the inside of which is lined with scales or jointed hairs of a very singular structure. Precostal nervure extending beyond the margin of the wing, in the form of a short, stout bristle, simple in the males, divided at the termination in the females, not received in either sex into a socket on the under surface of the upper wings. Costal nervure separating from the sub-costal at the base of the wing, then uniting to it for some distance, so as to form a small triangular cellule, again separating from it, and ter- minating beyond the middle of the inner margin. First sub-costal nervule terminating at the outer angle of the wing. Discoidal nervure thrown off from the sub-costal nervure at right angles to it, a little above its division into its two nervules, then bent at a right angle, and directed towards the outer margin of the wing, slightly bent where the short lower disco-cellular is united to it. Third median nervule slightly bent at the point where it receives the lower disco-cellular. Anterior feet, with the femur, nearly twice as long as the tibia, slightly dilated in the middle. ‘Tibia short, armed within, about the middle, with a stout slightly curved spine, extending to the apex or nearly so, and covered in the males (of some species at least) by a tuft of long curled hairs. ‘Tarsi with all the joints sub-cylindric, spiny laterally and below, except the fifth, which is bare below; the first joint longer than the rest combined, second about one-third the length of the first, third about half the length of the second, fourth and fifth nearly equal, rather more than two-thirds the length of the third. Claws curved, serrate internally about the middle, the base covered with a tuft of stiff hairs. Paronychia sub-ovate, fringed with long hairs. Pulvillus broad, not so long as the claw. Middle and posterior of some new Species of Geometride. 113 legs with the femora rather shorter than the tibia, the latter slender, sub-cylindric, rather stouter at the apex than at the base, armed within, beyond the middle, with two moderately stout moveable spines, and two similar ones at the apex. ‘Tarsi longer than the tibia, similar in their structure to those of the anterior pair. Aspomen short, slender, curved, the base with a cavity on each side, within which may be seen a drum-like membrane. Last segment, in the males at least, furnished with two broad valves, lined inside with hair, and surmounted by a tuft of long hairs on each side. i The genus is divisible into three sections founded on the cha- racters of the posterior wings. In the first section they are elongate, caudate, externally dentate, the tail being formed by a prolongation of the first and second median nervules, reminding us of the hind wings of Diorhina Rhetus and its allies. This section seems to be confined to the more northern parts of South America, as I have only seen the specimens collected by Mr. Dyson. The second section has the posterior wings subquadrate, the second and third median nervules being prolonged so as to give an angular character to the outer margin. ‘This structure re- minds us of the genus Ancyluris. The third section has the posterior wings obovate, and in some respects reminds us of Eurygona Ouranus. The generic details, which will be given conjointly with some figures illustrative of the peculiar scales and hairs of the posterior wings, are from a specimen of Erateina Zoraida, the only species I have had an opportunity of dissecting. I may here express my hope that Lepidopterologists will for the future be more careful to preserve the legs of their specimens. In drawing up the generic characters given above I have had considerable trouble owing to want of care in this respect on the part of the collectors of the specimens. Sect. 1. Sp. 1. Er. Zoraida. Er, Alis omnibus supra cervino-fuscis, anticis linea media flex- uosa, transversa, alba, posticis fascia lata margineque externo cinnabarinis. Exp. alar. 1 unc. 7 lin. vel 40 mill. Hab. Venezuela. (Tab. XII. fig. 1, 1a, 2.) Head black ; the orbits of the eyes white, the palpi striped with white; antenne black; thorax fawn-coloured. Anterior and 114 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description posterior wings above of a fuscous brown, more or less tinged with fawn colour, especially towards the base of the wings, the colour varying with the direction of the light. The anterior wings are crossed about the middle by a flexuous white band, commencing below the subcostal nervure, and terminating slightly before the anal angle. The posterior wings are crossed by a sub- marginal band ofa dull cinnabar colour, narrow, almost pointed at its commencement near the outer angle, broad at its termination on the inner margin above the anal angle; sending off two short branches to the outer margin. Outer margin cinnabar-coloured. The under surface of the anterior wings has the base of a dull cinnabar colour, striped longitudinally with white, the cell is crossed by a slightly silvery white band, and the discocellular nervule is marked by a short band of the same colour; the band of the upper surface is represented by a similiar band, extending however to the costa, and to the inner margin, of a paler colour at both its origin and termination, than on the disc ; and bordered externally with black. Between this band and the outer margin is a pale ash-coloured line bordered externally with black, the inner margin towards the base is broadly silvery ash-coloured. Posterior wings of the male having the inner margin reflexed at the base, forming a semioval fold, partially covering the disc of the wing; this fold externally is of a cinnabar brown, delicately edged with silvery white, marked near the base with silvery spots, and within its margin by a delicate silvery white line; internally it is lined with silky hairs. Imme- diately beyond this fold the wing is of a dull cinnabar colour; marked irregularly with white, beyond which are two transverse bands, the first of an ashy white, the second of a cinnabar colour, beyond these bands the wings are of a cinnabar brown clouded, with the outer margin marked with dull white spots, and the outer angle with a dash of the same colour. The female differs from the male in wanting the fold, and having the base streaked alternately with cinnabar and whitish. Legs ash-coloured. Ab- domen fawn-coloured, ringed with white. Sp. 2. Lr. Ianthe. Er. Alis anticis cervinis, coste basi cinnabarina, posticis basi subcinnabarinis, tunc rufo-aurantiacis, fascia submarginali ex- terne dentata nigra, Exp. alar. 1 unc. 7 lin. vel 40 mill. Hab. Venezuela. (Tab. XII. fig. 3, 4.) Head black, orbits of the eyes white. Palpi striped with white. Antenne black. Thorax greyish fawn-coloured. Anterior wings of some new Species of Geometride. 115 above fawn-coloured, the base of the costa and the median ner- vule cinnabar-coloured. Posterior wings cinnabar-coloured at the base, the inner margin and the base furnished with some long fawn-coloured hairs, the middle crossed by a broad band of a reddish orange, narrowed near the costa; beyond this is a broad, black, submarginal band, reaching from the outer to the inner angle, sending out two short branches to the outer margin, and a broad one to the tail; the outer margin cinnabar-coloured, inner margin marked with a round black dot at the anal angle. The under surface of the anterior wings is white at the base, marked with three or four cinnabar-coloured vittee. The costa is yellow- ish; the dise is crossed by a cinnabar-coloured band, becoming narrower towards the inner margin, marked at the end of the cell with a short white vitta; this band is followed by a white one, extending from the costa to the anal angle ; beyond this band the wings are of a cinnabar brown, freckled with ashy white, and crossed by a band of the same colour. ‘The posterior wings have the under surface white from the base beyond the middle, more or less marked with narrow cinnabar-coloured lines, then follows a rufous orange band, bordered externally near the outer angle with greyish ash colour, and beyond this with black; the remain- der of the wings is of a deep cinnabar hue, the outer margin with three white lunules, separated by two black dots; the tip and inner side of the tail each with a white dot, separated by a black one, another white spot at the termination of the orange band, and above this a black one. Legs greyish. Abdomen ash-coloured, ringed with white. This species is easily known from the preceding by the want of the flexuous white band of the anterior, and the cinnabar-coloured base of the posterior wing. The specimen figured Tab. XII. fig. 4, I have considered only a variety of this species, but it possibly is distinct from it. Above it has two slight transverse reddish bands, beyond the middle of the anterior wings, which approximate as they approach the anal angle, less red on the median nervure, and a slight tinge of red on the sub-median ; the posterior wings have a black dash on the anterior margin, and more black at the anal angle than in the true Hr. Janthe. Below, the base of both wings is more distinctly marked with cinnabar-brown vitte. If distinct, I propose for it the name of Fr. Iphis. Sp. 3. Er. Julia. Er. Alis anticis fuscis, basi cervinis, fascia transversa media, VOL. V. P 116 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description alba, hyalina ; posticis luteis, basi cervinis, fascia lata externe dentata, submarginali nigra. Exp. alar. 1 unc. 9 lin. vel 45 millim. Hab. Venezuela. (Tab. XII. fig. 5, 5a.) Head white, the forehead with two black lines uniting on the vertex. Palpi white, lined with black. Antenne black exter- nally, white internally. Thorax greyish ash or fawn-coloured, with four black longitudinal lines, the prothorax white. Anterior wings fuscous above, the base fawn-coloured, the disc crossed by a semi-transparent whitish band, commencing on the costa beyond the cell, and terminating almost in a point a little above the anal angle. Posterior wings above bright luteous, the base fawn- coloured, the outer margin with a rather broad black band, com- mencing on the costa, occupying the outer angle, and terminating at the anal angle, sending off a branch which terminates before the end of the tail, and having two short teeth extending to the outer margin. The inner margin has two dark spots about the middle; the outer margin is bright luteous, except where touched by the black of the submarginal band. The anterior wings have the lower surface yellowish white at the base, with five longitu- dinal cinnabar-coloured vitte, the inner margin pale fuscous, the rest of the wing of a cinnabar hue crossed by two bands; the first the white sub-diaphanous band, common to both surfaces, the second nearer to the outer margin, narrower, pale ash colour. Cilia fuscous. The posterior wings have the lower surface streaked at the base with yellowish white, the middle crossed by a whitish band, tinged with yellow, bordered with luteous yellow beyond the second sub-costal nervule, bent almost at a right angle where it crosses the first median nervule, terminating on the inner mar- gin above a rounded black dot; near the outer angle is an abbre- viated, slender, pale fascia, terminating before reaching the dis- coidal nervule, beyond which are two or three small black clouds ; the outer margin is marked with two black spots, and there are two similar spots, one at the anal angle, one on the inner side of the tail. Legs greyish. Abdomen ringed alternately with pale greyish and fawn-coloured. I have named this beautiful insect after the wife of one of the most amiable and talented of French Entomologists. Those who have read the Letires @ Julie will agree with me in the opinion that there does not exist a better elementary work on Entomology, and certainly none in which science is so delightfully intermingled with love and poetry; and those who, like myself, have been ho- of some new Species of Geometridae. 117 noured by the friendship of their author will know how to appre- ciate the candour, the kindness, and the unaffected simplicity so conspicuous in his writings. Sect. 2. Sp. 4. Er. Neera. Er. Alis omnibus supra nigris, basi cervino-tinctis, anticis vitta basali alba, fascia pone medium transversa, abbreviata dia- phana, lineis duabus submarginalibus ochraceis; posticis vitta media, maculisque marginalibus albis. Exp. alar. 1 unc. 6 lin. vel 38 millim. Hab. Bolivia. (Tab. XII. fig. 6.) Head black, orbits of the eyes white, antenne black. Thorax fawn-coloured. Anterior wings above fuscous black, the base fawn-coloured, with a white dash below the median nervure, the disc with an abbreviated and transparent fascia; beyond which, near the costa, is a comma-shaped ochreous dot, from which proceed two slender lines of the same colour, reaching about to the first median nervule. Posterior wings above with a rather broad white vitta, occupying the disc, and four white spots on the outer margin. The under surface of both the anterior and posterior wings is cinnabar-coloured, the base streaked with white, the two ochreous lines of the anterior wings replaced by a band of that colour, divided by an ash-coloured line. The posterior wings have several discoidal, lunate white spots, and towards the margin a flexuous, ochre-coloured band, divided by a grey line. Legs ash-coloured. Abdomen fawn-coloured, ringed with white. Sect. 3. Sp. 5. Er. Cynthia. . Er, Alis omnibus supra fuscis, anticis macula disci diaphana ; posticis disco maculisque marginalibus albis. Exp. alar. 1 unc. 1 lin. vel 26 millim. Hab. Bolivia. (Tab. XII. fig. 7, 7a.) Head black, orbits of the eyes white, antenne black. Thorax black. Anterior wings above fuscous black, with a large diapha- nous spot beyond the cell, divided by the discoidal and third median nervules. Posterior wings fuscous black, the whole disc occupied by a large white patch; the cilia black, spotted with white. The lower surface of the anterior wings is varied with cinnabar and ochre-colour, the former colour predominating on 118 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description of Geometridae. the costa and outer margin. The posterior wings of the males have the inner margin reflexed, forming a semi-oval lobe, the ex- terior surface of which is of a silvery white, the wings beyond this lobe silvery white, with a small cinnabar spot opposite the middle of the fold; the outer margin broadly cinnabar-coloured, clouded with yellowish, the cilia spotted with white. Legs fuscous, the tibiz and tarsi ringed with white. Abdomen black, with white rings. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII. Fig. 1. Erateina Zoraida, g. la. op ” ” under surface. 2. Erateina Zoraida, 9. 3. Erateina Ianthe. 4, Erateina lanthe, Var.? (Er. Iphis.) 5. Erateina Julia. 5a. a »» under surface. 6. Erateina Neara. The base of the anterior wings is coloured rather too dark. The specimen has been considerably rubbed by the captor, but appears to have had rather more of the fawn colour than the artist has represented. 7. Erateina Cynthia, @. 7a. 5 m »» under surface. The generic details will be given on a future plate, with the figures of the scales and hair of the posterior wings, of which I hope soon to have a notice before the Society. Mr. W. Wing’s Description of some Lepidoptera. 119 XXIX. Description of some Hermaphrodite British Lepi- doptera, with Figures of the Insects. By William Wing, Esq. (Pl. XIV. fig. 2—9.) [Read July 3, 1848.] Many instances have been recorded of insects that have exhibited the characters of both sexes, as well in the colours and markings on the wings and body as in the form of different parts; and as a few specimens of these among the Lepidoptera have come to my knowledge, I have thought it desirable that accurate figures and descriptions of these specimens should also be published. I have therefore drawn up short notices of their principal characters, which I now beg to lay before the Society, presenting therewith a plate of delineations of the insect. Colias Edusa (F1. X1V. fig. 2). In this insect the left side is that of the male, and the right side, as indicated by the size and form of the wings, is female, further distinguished by the marginal yellow spots in the anterior wing of that side. This specimen was captured at Riddlesdown, near Croydon, Surrey, August, 1847, and is now in the possession of 8. Stevens, Esq. Anthocharis Cardamines (P|. XIV. fig. 3). In this species the characters of the two sexes are very conspicuous. The bright orange spot on the left anterior wing strongly contrasts with the clear colour of the right wing, which also has the black spot the largest, as is always the case in the female. There is also a striking difference in the relative sizes of the wings of the two sides, the female being the largest. This specimen was taken near London, and is now in the pos- session of H, Doubleday, Esq., to whom I am indebted for the loan of it, and also of the following specimen. Smerinthus Populi (Pl. XIV. fig. 4). In this instance the left antenna, wings and side of the body are most distinctly masculine, while those of the right are of the other sex. ‘There is a marked longitudinal line of distinction between the two sides on the dorsal surface of the abdomen; and the colours and markings on the wings are darker and more distinct on the left side, and are those VOR. V. Q 120 Mr. W. Wine’s Description peculiar to the male, while those on the wings of the right side are as characteristic of the female; the antenna on the left side is broad and densely pectinated as in the male, while that on the right is narrow and setaceous. The abdomen of the male insect of this species, as is well known, is always smaller in diameter than in the female, and densely tufted at the anus, and this is pre- cisely the case in that half of the specimen in question which exhibits the characters of the former sex. This specimen was taken at Witham, in Essex. Diaphora Mendica (P}. XIV. fig. 5). This specimen has the form of the wings, body and antennz of the male, but the colour and markings of the female. The male of this species, as ento- mologists are aware, is dark ash colour, with black spots, while the female is cream colour, with similar markings, like the spe- cimen figured. Taken by Mr. Nicholas Cooke, near Dublin, June, 1842. Orgyia Antiqua (Pl. XIV. fig. 6) is an imperfectly developed hermaphrodite, which had not fully expanded the upper wing on the right side, which in this case is that of the male, as shown by the large pectinated antenna and the fully developed posterior wing; the antennz on the left side being setaceous as in the female, and the wings also rudimentary as in that sex. It was reared by the late Mr. Henry Longley, from the larva, and presented since his death to the British Museum. Acronycta Aceris (Pl. XIV. fig. 7). The left side, together with the whole of the body, is distinctly of the form and colour of the male of this species, while the right wings have the colour and fainter markings of the female. It was reared from a pupa, and kindly presented to me by E. Doubleday, Esq. Biston Prodromaria (P1. XIV. fig. 8). The wings and whole of the body appears to have the characters of the male, but the right antenna is that of the female; the difference of wings in the sexes of this species is scarcely to be perceived. It was taken in Dunham Park, Cheshire, in April, 1840, by R. Edleston, Esq., to whose kindness I am indebted for the oppor- tunity of figuring it, and also of the following insect, and Diaphora Mendica. of some Hermaphrodite British Lepidoptera. 121 Nyssia Zonaria (Pl. XIV. fig. 9). The characters are entirely those of the female, with the exception of the antenna on the left side male; the rudiments of the wings are longer on the left side. It was taken by Mr. B. Cooke, at New Brighton, March, 1838. XXX. Extracts from a Paper by Zeller published in the Linnea Entomologica, vol. 3, on the “ Leaf-mining Tine, with Eye-Caps” (Augendeckeln), with Remarks by H. T. Stainton, Esq. [Read July 3, 1848.] My object being to draw attention to the different species and their habits, in order to lead to the discovery in this country of those which are still unknown to us, I shall merely quote the distinguishing characters of those species not previously described as indigenous. Zeller’s paper includes the following genera: Lyonetia, Phyllocnistis, Cemiostoma, Opostega, Bucculatrix, Nep- ticula, Trifurcula, and Tischeria, corresponding to portions of our genera Argyromiges, Microsetia, and Aphelosetia. In his genus Lyonetia he has four species, two of which only are known to us. “Sp. 1. Clerckella, Linn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 252. Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 27—30. This is the species described by me under this name in the Zoologist, p. 2159, and identical with the awéuwmnella of Curtis, and the nivella and semiaurella of Stephens, which latter is the variety ereella of Treitschke. ‘“‘ This species is very widely dispersed, and probably abundant in many places, but not sufficiently observed. “The first specimens in the year I beat from birch in the first days of May, but scarce and only the varieties. After that, Clerckella flies from June through the whole of the summer and autumn, I beat it abundantly from the wild apple and pear ; but mostly from birch bushes. “The variety @reella, not scarce in several places in Tuscany in March, April and June (Mann).” It appears thus, from Zeller and Mann’s observations, that the variety creella (our semiaurella) occurs in the early spring in March, April and May, but not the typical Clerckella; the same Q 2 122 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts thing has been observed in this country, and the specimens taken in March and April have, I believe, always the appearance of hybernated specimens. Several specimens of semiaurella were beat out of fir-trees at West Wickham, by Messrs. Douglas and Bedell at the end of March this year (1848). “ Sp. 2. Prunifoliella, Hiibn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 259. This is the Clerckella of the Linnean Cabinet. “‘ Certainly distinct from the preceding; larger, and distin- guished by the oblique brown dorsal streak, curved posteriorly, on the anterior wings, and the entirely differently-coloured apex of the wing.” “ Scarce, but widely dispersed ; I took one on the 7th of Au- gust in a garden at Berlin, one near Glogau on the 7th July, on a fence, and one on the 29th July, on the Reinerz Seefeldern, (salt marshes ?) where, as far as I know, no Prunus grows.” “Sp. 3. Padifoliella, Hiibn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 261. This species is described by me in the “ Zoologist,” p. 2160, under this name; it is taken in the autumn at Whittlebury. It appears much rarer on the continent; Zeller had only seen four specimens, and states that he was greatly in doubt whether it was not a variety of prunifoliella, in the same way as ereella, Tr. is of Clerckella. “* Mann took several specimens in June, 1835, near Reichstadt in Bohemia, on Prunus padus; in the Prater, near Vienna, in July, onelms.” ‘ Bouché bred it in Berlin from birch leaves.” “ Sp. 4. Pulverulentella, F. v. R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 263. «« This species, of the size and form of the preceding, only with the anterior wings rather broader, is distinguished by the want of distinct markings, particularly by the pale apex of the wing.” ** The specimen in Fischer's Collection was from Bohemia; that now before me, from Mann’s, was taken alone on an ash at Tivoli, near Vienna, in June, 1842. Both specimens are males.” In Zeller’s genus Phyllocnistis he has only two species, both probably occurring in this country. “Sp. 1. Suffusella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 266. Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 31—34. “ Rather larger than saligna; differs from it by wanting the from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 123 brown double line which springs from the base of the anterior wings in the latter.” “‘ This species occurs near Vienna (F. R.); in Italy (near Pra- tovecchio in Tuscany, at the end of March, common—Mann), where its food, without doubt, is the Lombardy poplar; and near Berlin, Frankfort and Glogau (very abundant), and Warmbrunn in Silesia. It flies, after having passed the winter in the pupa state, not altogether scarce, in May, then abundant at the end of June, and through the following months to the end of September, pro- bably even in October. It frequents poplar woods, from the boughs of which they are beaten morning and evening, and very easily caught. They sit on leaves, stems of trees, and fences.” ‘Sp. 2. Saligna, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 270. This species is described by me in the “ Zoologist,” p. 2158, as the cerasifoliella of Htibner, and I there give as synonymes Stephens’ wnipunctella, and Zeller’s figure of the preceding, not being at all aware there were two species so closely allied. But as Stephens makes no mention of the brown double line proceed- ing from the base of the wings, his description cannot apply to this species, and is more applicable to the preceding ; and Hub- ner’s figure of cerasifoliella also wants the double lines, and is probably identical with the preceding, therefore his name certainly cannot be applied to this species, and that of Zeller’s must be re- tained. Wood’s figure represents this species. We probably have both species in this country, but I am not aware of having seen any specimens of suffusella.* “This species differs from the preceding in being smaller, and especially by the brown double line, which goes from the base of the anterior wings to the middle of the disk. ** This species is just as plentiful as the preceding, and flies on calm, warm, or even cool evenings, at the end of April and in May, then from the middle of June to late in the autumn. It only flies among willow-bushes.” In Zeller’s genus Cemiostoma he has three species, two of which occur here. “ Sp. 1. Spartifoliella, Hibn.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 273. Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 35—39. This is the species described by me, under this name, in the * Zoologist,” p. 2158, and is the spartifoliella of Stephens, and the punctaurella of Haworth. * Since writing the above I have obtained a specimen of suffusella, which I beat off a Lombardy poplar, at Lewisham, on the evening of the 25th of June. 124 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts “ Sp. 2. Zancleella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 277. “‘ This species is considerably smaller than the preceding, and easily distinguished from it by the want of the yellow costal streak beyond the middle of the anterior wings. “ Of Zancleella (placed, in my descriptions of Italian species, as an Opostega without a name) I took two specimens near Messina in March and April, which I took for our spartifoliella. The place in which I beat them from the bushes of Arbutus unedo and Cytisus triflorus, contains, as far as I recollect, no Spartium jun- ceum. Probably this scarce species feeds on the Cytisus.” “Sp. 3. Scitella, Metzn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 278. This species, the Clerckella of Stephens, is described by me under the name of scitella, in the Zoologist, p. 2157. In Zeller’s genus Opostega (as now restricted), he has four spe- cies, of which two are known to us. “ Sp. 1. Salaciella, Tischer.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 280. Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 42, 43. This species is briefly described by me in the Zoologist, p. 2081, in a note. It is the cygnipennella of Mr. Bentley’s and many other cabinets. « This is easily recognized in this genus by the spotless, snow- white anterior wings. It would be most readily confounded with the ¢ LHlach. cygnipennella, which, being generally smaller than its ¢, comes very near to salaciella in size; but the quite simple antenne of cygnipennella, not being provided with an enlarged joint at the base, readily distinguish it.” ** Salaciella, discovered near Dresden by Tischer, is very scarce near Nixdorf, in Bohemia, and also occurs, according to Treitschke, near Vienna; and, according to Herrich Schaffer, near Ratisbon.” “ Sp. 2. Reliquella, Z.” Linn. Ent, vol. 3, p. 282. ** Hitherto I had considered a single female as a variety of crepusculella, in which the spot at the apex of the wing was wanting ; however, the streaks in the middle of the costa and inner margin are also wanting, and the yellowish transverse streak at the apex is nearly straight. Besides, I have since obtained a male similarly marked, so that I can no longer doubt its being a distinct species. Crepusculella and auritella are easily recog- from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 125 nized by the black spot at the apex of the anterior wings. Sala- ciella has not a yellowish transverse streak; and the yellowish tint, though certainly in the same place as in reliquella, is very indistinct, and only visible in certain lights.” ““T took my very beautiful 2 near Glogau, on the 20th of June, on a grassy slope under aspen trees: my equally fine ¢ near Reinerz, on an open grass-plat, on the 16th of July, thus much later than the female.” “ Sp. 3. Auritella, Hibn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 283. Not the auritella of Stephens (which is the next species), and I believe not hitherto detected in this country. ‘* Size of the largest salaciella, easily distinguished from this and the second and fourth species, by the rather large brown inner marginal spot on the anterior wings.” * I obtained a pair from Mecklenburg.” ‘ A single ? was taken near Frankfort-on-the-Oder on the 25th of June, ina field, on a thistle,” “Sp. 4. Crepusculella, F. v. R.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 284. Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 40, 41. This is the auritella of Stephens, and Wood’s figure 1416 re- presents the species very distinctly. “This species occurs near Reichstadt, in Bohemia, where, according to F. v. R.’s notice, it flies in July, on the margins of ponds, from half-past seven to eight, neither earlier nor later. Near Glogau I found it in moist shady places in alder or other leafy woods, in the second half of June and in July, always scarce and singly, yet not always at twilight, but in cloudy weather also in the afternoon. [t keeps quite low in grass and weeds.” In Zeller’s genus Bucculatrix he has nine species, five of which are decidedly British. “ Sp. 1. Cidarella, Tischer.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 287. “« Easily distinguished in this genus by the brown anterior wings, with two pair of whitish opposite spots.” I must confess to some uneasy doubts, whether this be not identical with my Demaryella (Zoologist, p. 2157); but on a very close examination of my single specimen, I have been unable to discover any eye-caps, but the hairs of the head are so long, it is quite possible they may be there, but concealed: the hinder tibiz 126 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts are certainly clothed with long hairs, as Zeller describes cida- rella; but he makes no mention of an indistinct basal streak, and in the disposition of the spots there are several discrepancies. His insect frequents alders in May, June and July. “This little known species occurs in Bohemia very rarely (F. v. R.); in Saxony, near Schandau, (Tischer); near Glogau, on alder bushes, in May, and the beginning of June, scarce; pro- bably also in July, in Prussia, near Dantzic, (Tiedemann) ; and in Livonia, at Kohenhusen, (Lienig); in Tuscany, near Prato- vecchio, at the beginning of June, on the stems of alders, (Mann).” “ Sp. 2. Ulmella, Mann.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3. p. 288. This is the species described by me as Sircomella, in the Zoo- logist, p. 2162. As this description was only published on the Ist of July, and Zeller’s description is already published, and in this country (June 13th), Sircomella must sink, and the name of ulmella be retained. This is the cuculipennella, var. 6 of Ha- worth. “Sp. 3. Crategi, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 290. This is the species described by me in the Zoologist, p. 2161, under the name of crategifoliella, and is the cuculipennella var. y of Haworth. “ Sp. 4. Boyerella, Dup.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 291. Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 44—46. This is the species described by me under this name in the Zoologist, p. 2161, and is the cuculipennella of Haworth and Stephens. «Sp. 5. Gnaphaliella, Tr.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 293. * On the whole resembles the preceding, but readily distin- guished by the concolorous, brownish-grey antennz.” In Boyer- ella they are white, with brown annulations. “« This species occurs near Dresden, abundant near Berlin and Glogau, in sandy places, amongst Gnaphalium arenarium. It ap- pears first at the end of May, and in June and July, and again at the end of August and in September. In the day they sit con- cealed at the foot of the plants, but at evening or in rainy weather it is easily beaten out.” from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 127 “ Sp. 6. Frangulella, Goeze.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 295. This is the species described by me, (Zoologist, p. 2160,) as rhamnifoliella, Tischer, (described by Fischer), which name, how- ever must sink, Goeze’s name having priority by more than forty years. Goeze does not describe the species himself, but refers to De Geer’s description and figure. The name, as it appears in his Entom. Beitrage, vol. 4, p. 169, is frangutella, which is evidently a misprint for frangulella. “‘ Sp. 7. Hippocastanella, Dup.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 297. This is the éléella, Dale, (in litteris), and has not yet been described as British. Mr. Dale took his specimens in Leigh Woods, near Bristol, May 20th, 1845, flying amongst limes. ‘‘ The fine brown long line on the yellow anterior wings, from the middle to the apex of the wing, well distinguishes this species.” “‘ This species is very abundant near Berlin, on old chesnut trees and limes.” ‘I found it solitarily near Glogau, in a wood, and at Probsthainer Spitzberge; in both places only on lime trees.” © It oceurs in Silesia, also near Warmbrunn.” “ In Li- vonia, where Madame Lienig found the larve on limes, birches, and alders.” ‘The perfect insect flies in May and June, and must, since Madame Lienig observed a second brood of the larva, fly a second time in July and August.” “ Sp. 8. Nigricomella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 299. Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 47. «The very shiny, nearly bronze-coloured anterior wings, and the black hairs on the head, are peculiar to this among all its congeners.” I was at first strongly inclined to imagine this our atricapitella, but the size, “ nearly the size of gnaphaliella,” (which latter species Zeller compares to Boyerella,) appears to me an insur- mountable objection; added to which, Zeller says, “‘ Antennz brownish, with the apex whitish,” a peculiarity that atricapitella does not possess. ‘© Scarce in Bohemia, near Nixdorf and Reichstadt, in woods, in June and August; near Glogau likewise it is not abundant; Madame Lienig also took it in Livonia in May ; Mann took three specimens near Pisa, on the 19th May, on dry grass-plats.” 128 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts “Sp. 9. Cristatella, F. v. R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 300. “ Its concolorous dirty-grey, smooth anterior wings distinguish our cristatella in this genus; the structure of the antenne dis- tinguishes it from the much darker Tischeria gaunacella; its much smaller eye-caps, its smooth face and its narrower anterior wings, separate it from Trifurcula immundella.” “It flies in May, on sandy places overgrown with weeds ; scarce, near Glogau, and easily overlooked, from its keeping so near the ground. On the 7th of May, 1841, towards evening, I fell in with a small company, which were swarming at one .spot in the short grass. On one blade of grass sat a pair in copula, around which the remainder were flying. Whilst I had hardly pinned a pair of them, the whole company were as if blown away, and, notwithstanding a diligent search, I found no more.” I now come to Zeller’s genus Nepticula, which includes nearly all our small Microsetie (that genus being very readily divisible into three sections, of which quadrella, aurella and Pfeifferella may be considered the types — the aurella section forming the genera Nepticula and T'rifurcula of Zeller). These insects, from their extreme smallness and the consequent difficulty of pinning and setting them, have hitherto been very much neglected in this country ; indeed, till last year, very many of our collections had only one or two species. Our knowledge of them is therefore very limited, and this paper of Zeller’s will be most useful in assisting us rightly to separate species and unite the sexes. Zeller has thirteen species of Nepticula. “ Sp. 1. Samiatella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 303. “ Alis anterioribus flavo-virenti-zeneis, apice violascentibus ; antennarum conchula flavida, capillis maris nigris, feminee ferrugineis. * Known by the concolorous, clear-green bronzy anterior wings, which are violet posteriorly.” Zeller gives as synonymes “ ¢ Mi- crosetia atricapitella, Haw.— 2 Microsetia ruficapitella, Haw.” Now to this I cannot agree. Aéricapitella and ruficapitella, I firmly believe, are distinct species; if I am not mistaken I have taken more than one pair of atricapitella in copula on a low fence near Beckenham ; moreover I appear to have both sexes of both species; besides, ruficapitella is much the commoner, atricapitella being a rare or probably local species, whereas were it the male of ruficapitella it should be commoner, or at least equally com- from a Paper by Zeller on Tine. 129 mon. I take both species on the stems of oaks, but atricapitella only rarely. ‘Samiatella seems very scarce, according to Zeller’s remarks. ‘ This small species is still very scarce ; I took a single one near Glogau, in May, on a leaf, in the sunshine, on the lower branch of an oak; here it ran quickly on the upper side of the leaf, here and there, and appeared to seek the honey dew.” ** On the 9th of May, 1847, I found a male in a garden, where it flew from the bark of a thick chesnut tree into my forceps, and ran about very briskly. I saw a female from the neighbourhood of Warmbrunn, in. Silesia. Mann found this species in June, near Reichstadt, in Bohemia, and near Vienna; also in Tuscany, near Leghorn and Montenero, on elms, in April.” “ From Bouché I obtained five specimens, decidedly belonging here, all males.” * Sp. 2. Subnilidella, F. v. R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 305. * Alis anterioribus fuscis, apice violaceis ; posterioribus fla- vidis cinereo-ciliatis; capillis nigris, conchula antennarum fuscescentium exalbida (1 ¢ Mus. Mann). ** Distinguished from all the species in this genus, except the male rufella, by the yellowish posterior wings, but from this readily distinguished by the deep black head.” * This flies near Vienna, among young ash trees, in May, very scarce (Mann).” Iam not aware that this species has been observed in this country. “ Sp. 3. Aurella, Fab.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 306. * Alis aureis, apice violaceo, fascia postica argyrea (in fem. utrimque violaceo-inclusa); capillis maris atris, fem, ferru- gineis ; conchula antennarum fuscescentium pallida (alis posterioribus maris pilosquamatis).” * In this species also the anterior wings are shining violet at the apex, but towards the base golden or bronze, and posteriorly is a broad, silvery, somewhat of a yellowish tint, thence almost golden fascia. Lemmniscella has, instead of a golden yellow colour between the fascia and the base of the wings, only a shining yel- lowish brown colour, and centifoliella has it of a violet brown.” ‘«‘ T have not found this species common near Glogau; it occurs in May, on the trunks of elms, in the crevices in the bark, from which it is difficult to get it out and catch it. I received two ¢ as gratiosella from Vienna, F.R., where it appears not to be scarce.” 130 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts Among his synonymes Zeller gives posticella, Stephens (he should have said Haworth), the character of which appears to be the base of the anterior wings being of a silvery brown. This de- scription of colour is so very unsatisfactory, and as Haworth him- self says, ‘‘ A variety of the following (aurella) or merely an old specimen ;” and as his description, which is the one copied by Mr. Stephens, was made from only a single specimen, I think we may safely sink the name posticella. I am well aware that there is a very general idea that in posticedla the silver fascia is placed more posteriorly than in auredla; the name certainly would seem to imply something of this kind, but Haworth makes no comparison whatever between the two species—his description of aurella being merely a copy of the Fabrician description. Zeller seems also to include with this species an insect which is in many col- lections as pygmeella (though hardly the pygmeella of Haworth, which appears to have been a small specimen of rujficapitella, as he makes not the slightest allusion to a silvery fascia), and which appears to me identical with the ¢ gratiosella, F. v. R. figured in Duponchel (Supp. pl. 77, fig. 4), and which I cannot but think a distinct species ; it is little more than half the size of ordinary specimens of aurella, and frequents hawthorn bushes in May, flying in the sunshine about the twigs like gnats. In this insect the anterior wings are of a paler golden at the base than in aurella, the fascia is nearer the apex and much straighter, and the head is black apparently in both sexes. The specimens which I have in my collection as aurella have all red- dish heads, yet one of them appears to be a male; but I believe I have seen specimens apparently of the same insect with black heads. Note.—Since writing the above I have examined Haworth’s original specimens of the Microsetie@, in the collection of the Entomological Society, and find that my conjecture as to pyg- meella and violaceella being identical with ruficapitella is con- firmed. His posticella appears distinct from aurella, and the fascia is placed more posteriorly and is straighter, but neither of these characters are mentioned in his description, so that I am still of opinion the name should sink.” “Sp. 4. Lemniscella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 313. *“‘ Alis anterioribus nitide brunneis, apice violaceo, fascia postica argyrea; capillis (¢ et 9?) ferrugineis, conchula antennarum albida, “¢ After having removed, in my collection, as females of the from a Paper by Zeller on Tinea. 131 preceding, a pair which previously I had considered as this, I pos- sess only two lemniscella, as a probably distinct species, and have two of Metzner’s specimens for comparison. This lemniscella is so like the preceding, that I shall merely mention the difference. The anterior wings, to the naked eye blackish or brown, are under alens yellonish brown to the fascia, darkest on the costa, with faint lustre, and without any mixture of violet or purple colouring. The fascia is in my small decided female very narrow, and placed obliquely. Posterior legs with thinner tibize shining clear grey. Antenne of this specimen brown, on the underside shining yel- lowish. In the second specimen, which is pasted, and of which I cannot recognize the sex, they are throughout yellowish. ‘** The two specimens from Metzner, rather larger than mine, I can only consider as one species, although the one is considered as lemniscella, the other as hemargyrella. The only difference they show is, that in demniscella, Metzn., the fascia on the anterior wings is yellower, and is posteriorly emarginated in the middle, and that the posterior wings are darker coloured on the surface and also the cilia. Both appear to me to be males; the abdomen with one especially is quite thin and flat, and in both it ends with a yellowish anal tuft, which divides into two longer little tufts. Their hairs-of-the-head are pale yellow, the eye-caps as usual, the antenne greyish yellow and shining. On the anterior wings the cilia from the upper to the lower end of the fascia are clear grey ; but on their basal half lie broad violet-brown scales, darker at the end, radiating at the apex of the wing, and there this is some- what recurved, and in shade is black, so that it makes it appear as an ocellus. (In my specimens these scales are wanting, and the cilia pass gradually from the brown tint to gray.) These belong truly, as males, to demniscella, so this is certainly a dis- tinct species from the preceding, differing in the males by the colour of the hairs of the head.” * Lemniscella is scarce near Glogau on the trunks of elms: of Metzner’s specimens, one hemargyrella is from Steyermark, the other from Silesia.” “ Sp. 5. Centifoliella, V. Heyden.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 315. ** Alis anterioribus violascenti-fuscis nitidulis, fascia postica ar- gyrea; capillis ¢ nigris, @ ferrugineis; conchula antenna- rum pallida parva.” “This very small species differs from lemniscella by the ante- rior wings from the base being brownish, and with rather a violet 132 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts tint, which is only a little increased beyond the fascia,—from the larger following species by the much livelier tint of the fascia, which with it is also placed further towards the apex of the wing.” “ One ¢, two @ agreeing in size, I received from Von Heyden, from the neighbourhood of Frankfort-on-the-Main, where the insect was bred in April, May, and August, from the leaves of the garden rose. Bouché takes it in his garden, at Berlin, some- times very abundant, and certainly double-brooded.” I believe this species is the awrella var. ¢ of Haworth, and exists in several cabinets; I have it, placed as the nigrociliclla of Stephens, (which however it cannot be, as that insect must be closely allied to swbbimaculella, if indeed it be a distinct species), and Mr. Bedell has it under the same name; and, early in June, this summer, I took several specimens off a low fence near Beck- enham: the violet tint at the base of the anterior wings readily distinguishes it from its congeners. “ Sp. 6. Argentipedella, Z.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 316. *‘ Alis anterioribus fuscis, violaceo-nitidulis, fascia paulo post medium alba; capillis ¢ nigris, 2 ferrugineis; conchula an- tennarum exalbida majore.” ** Larger than the preceding, sometimes much larger, with very peculiarly expanded eye-caps, and on the anterior wings, placed more towards the base, with a shining white, not silvery, fascia, by which it differs from aurella, lemniscella and centifoliella.” “ In the very fine pair which I have here described, and with which eleven specimens received from Bouché agree, the brown- ish-violet scales on the cilia at the apex of the anterior wings pass without any distinct margin into brown, but this suddenly into clear grey; so that the scales are wanting which, radiating from the apex of the wing, present the appearance of an ocellus. The male I took on the 17th of May, the female on the 25th of May, both in birch woods near Glogau.” *‘ This species mines in the birch leaves near Berlin (according to Bouché). This is the medio-fasciella of Haworth; but 1 much doubt whether Haworth’s description is sufficiently precise to enable his name to stand. He says, ‘“ Priori* simillima at minor, alis anticis * The preceding to which he alludes, wnifasciella, is, it appears to me, a faded specimen of the species called, in this country, Albinella: the head is entirely wanting, and the wings are very much wasted. from a Paper by Zeller on Tinea. 133 atris, fascia argentea magis in medio, et certo situ lente aliquan- talum interrupta. Posticee latiores quam in priore saturatiores, seu nigro-plumbee.”’ The aliquantulum interrupta gives one of the most decisive cha- racters of the species, and Haworth’s original specimen is fortu- nately in very fine condition, and shows this character well. “ Sp. 7. Argyropeza, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 320. Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 49, 50. * Alis anterioribus grosse nigricanti-squamatis, postice viola- scenti-subnitidulis, apice rotundato, albido-ciliato, maculis duabus mediis oppositis albidis; capillis ferrugineis; con- chula exalbida.” “©? Var. 6. major; macula costali alarum anteriorum apici propiori.” “©? Var. ¢. major; strigula ex costa prope basim obliqua dor- soque basali albidis, ceterum ut 0.” -“ Distinct from all the preceding by the head of the male being similarly coloured to the female. Besides, the anterior wings, which appear widened and rounded posteriorly, have in the middle two, not sharply defined, whitish opposite spots; and in the larger and questionable variety c, another oblique whitish spot on the costa near the base.” “1 found this species very abundant on the trunks of aspens on the fortifications of this place, on the smooth bark of which they sat, and were easily caught; elsewhere, I have beaten it from the leaves of young aspens. I know not whether I took the varieties b, and in company with the ordmary small specimens.— Period of flight, May. It is probably widely dispersed. It is taken abundantly near Dantzig, by Von Tiedemann (I have be- fore me, from him, a wasted but very recognizable ¢ of var. c.) Madam Lienig took it in Livonia; F. v. R. not scarce in Bo- hemia.” This species comes very near to the subbimaculella of Haworth, but appears to me distinct, for the following reasons, Ist, in sub- bimaculella the base of the wing is very generally yellowish, broadest on the inner margin. 2nd, the spots, though placed apparently in the same position, are yellowish, not whitish. (Ha- worth must have had a bad specimen before him when he said “ silvery ;”’ his original specimen labelled by him is by no means a fine one.) 3rd. The cilia at the apex of the wing are also yel- 134 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts lowish; whereas, in argyropeza, Zeller says, “ Cilia clear-grey, scarcely tinted, a little yellowish.” 4th. Our insect swarms on oaks in June; his frequents aspens in May. The second and third of these differences are commented on by Zeller in a note; but he says, “ the third and weightiest arises from the want of certainty that this subbimaculella is a Nepticula, since the genus Microsetia contains smooth-headed and rough-headed species,—species with and species without the enlarged basal joint of the antenne ; and in no species does Stephens inform us of the nature of the parts of the head.” “Sp. 8. Intimella, Z.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 323. “ Alis anterioribus violaceo-fuscis, macula dorsi medii argentea, ciliis externe canis; capillis ferrugineis; antennis cum con- chula exalbidis.” “A single female, the size of a small argyropeza, and very similar to the female of that species. Ground-colour of the ante- rior wings dark violet brown, the cilia at the apex encompassed with a dark ring of scales. The specific distinctions appear to be the following: the costal spot is wanting on the anterior wings, as also the other spot; only, the inner marginal spot is here, nearly triangular, placed on the margin in its usual situation, but shining silvery white, &c.” “I took this single specimen near Glogau; but I know nothing further about it.’’* “Sp. 9. Hemargyrella, Koll.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, 323. “‘ Alis anterioribus exalbidis nitidulis, apice fusco-violaceo ; capillis pallidis ; antennis fuscescentibus, conchula exalbida.” « Smaller than argyropeza, easily known from it, since the an- terior wings are yellowish white from the base to rather beyond the middle. «I took this scarce species in May twice on the trunks of aspens on the fortifications of this place; I saw a single specimen from the neighbourhood of Laubau, and two others from the Riesengebirge. Besides it occurs near Vienna in beech woods. Closely allied apparently to floslactella of Haworth, but in that species is a distinct black fascia across the yellowish portion of * Mr. Sircom met with this species among sallows, near Brislington, about the middle of June, this year. from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 135 the anterior wings, near the middle, of which Zeller makes not the slightest mention. ** Norr.—I find that Haworth’s jfloslactella, var. 3, wants the black fascia above alluded to, and is probably therefore identical with hemargyrella. “Sp. 10. Sertcopeza, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 325. Vol. i. pl. 2, f. 48. ‘* Alis anterioribus fuscis, basi, fascia curva media maculisque duabus oppositis posticis pallidis; capillis ferrugineis, con- chula albida, antennis fuscescentibus.” “‘ The size of var. 6 and c of Nept. argyropeza, known by the yellowish fascia, and the posterior opposite spots of the anterior wings. The much smaller trimaculella” (he means cursoriella) ‘* wants the fascia, and has only a yellowish streak from the base along the inner margin. Assimilella is likewise much smaller, and has, instead of the fascia, a discoidal spot, which is almost connected with the yellowish base. “ The equally small rufella has, instead of the yellowish fascia, near the basal third of the wing clear yellow; but is especially distinguished from all other species of Nepticula by the red abdo- men of the male.” ** Occurs in the neighbourhood of Berlin and Vienna. Many specimens are taken on the trunks of trees in the Thiergarten at Berlin. Near Vienna, Mann finds it on garden palings under acacias, in the Prater on maple, first in May, then in July and August. He took it also near Salviano in Tuscany on maple, at the beginning of May.” “This species is also closely allied to floslactella. Indeed Jloslactella seems exactly intermediate between this and the pre- ceding, having a dark fascia, which Hemargyrella wants, and wanting the dark patch (between the yellow base and yellow me- dial fascia) of sericopeza. “ Sp. 11. Cursoriella, Heyden.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 326. *« Alis anterioribus fuscis, striola dorsi ex basi prodeunte macu- lisque duabus posticis oppositis flavidis; capillis ferrugineis ; conchula exalbida, antennis fuscescentibus. (1 2 Mus. Mann.)” : “‘ Only a single but very beautiful female, communicated from V. Heyden to Mann. It appears very like my ¢ of argyropeza, R 136 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts which it also resembles in size; but on the anterior wings of cursoriella the two spots lie more obliquely to one another, and its inner margin at the base is yellow. ‘The likewise very similar assimilella wants the inner marginal streak, which also has a yellowish spot on the disk. ‘© At Frankfort-on-the-Main (V. Heyden) and at Vienna in the Prater, on fences in June. (Mann.)” I should have said undoubtedly this was the subbimaculella of Haworth; but that Zeller says “ cilia clear grey.” The yellow base (which is so frequently continued on the inner margin), the yellow spots placed obliquely to one another, are here fully de- scribed; but Zeller says cilia clear grey (hell grau). Now in our species they are the same colour as the spots, yellowish. Zeller gives, as a doubtful synonyme, ¢rimaculella, Haworth, Steph. Now in the first place the trimaculella of Stephens is not the trimaculelia of Haworth: it is quite true that Mr. Stephens has copied Haworth’s description, but he has added to it four nords, which will not apply to Haworth’s species. At the same time the remainder of Haworth’s description will hardly apply to any other species ; so that the description in the Illustrations being a patchwork concern, half applying to one species and half to another, is good for nothing. The trimaculella of Haworth is the rufella of Zeller; and Haworth’s name, having priority, must stand. Haworth says (Lepidop. Brit. 583, 82): « Alis atris, stria lata basi, maculisque duabus posticis flavi- cantibus. ‘** Habitat forte in populo. Imagoi. Jul. Populi truncis, at raris- sime. Exemplarium unicum quod cepi sedentem solum vidi. “ Expansio alarum 2 lin. * Descriptio: preecedentibus minor. Alz antice atree, strid latissima emarginata, a basi fere ad medium lutescente, maculisque duabus posticis oppositis marginalibus fere confluentibus flave- scentibus.” Stephens says (Illustr. 4, 267) : “« Alis anticis atris, stria lata basi, maculisque duabus posticis flavicantibus. «* Anterior wings deep black, with a very broad emarginated yellowish streak, reaching from the base to near the middle or THE INNER MARGIN, and two spots towards the apex, placed one on the costa, the other towards the hinder angle and sometimes nearly confluent: posterior wings dusky black.” “ Rare: found at the beginning of July in the vicinity of Lon- don, in gardens.” from a Paper by Zeller on Tinea. 137 Notr.—This is unfortunately not an isolated instance of Ha- worth’s good descriptions being spoilt by the interpolation or ad- dition of two or three words by Mr. Stephens. And Mr. Ste- phens must not be surprised at continental entomologists criticising severely his Illustrations, which were written, especially the Micro- Lepidoptera, in much less time than is absolutely necessary for the examination of these minute insects. English entomologists, who have access to Mr. Stephens, are aware that he really does know a very great deal about insects, and far more than any one, from studying his Illustrations, could imagine; but foreign ento- mologists have not the same means of satisfying themselves upon this point, and therefore Mr. Stephens must excuse their passing harsh judgments upon him, “ Sp. 12. Assimilella, Metzn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 327. ** Alis anterioribus fuscis, basi, macula disci prope eam macu- lisque duabus posticis oppositis exalbidis ; capillis ferrugineis; conchula albida, antennis fuscescentibus. (Specim. 2, Mus. Metzn.)” “« The size of argyropeza @ differs from that in the yellowish- white spots on the anterior wings being placed more posteriorly, and by the presence of a large pale spot on the disk near the base. Sericopeza is slightly larger, and has, instead of this spot, a fascia. Rufella ¢ has the entire base, as a very large spot, yellowish.” «A fine female, and a specimen which wants the posterior wings and abdomen (so that I can only suspect it to be a female), were sent me by Metzner to describe; both are from Vienna.” In possessing three spots on the anterior wings, this offers some resemblance to Bedell’s quinquella (Zoologist, p. 1986), but in that insect the odd spot is near the apex; in assimilella it is near the base; besides all the gquinquella, I have seen, have the head black, whereas assimilella has it reddish. “Sp. 13. Rufella, Z. (Scop.?)” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 328. “ Alis anterioribus fuscis, basi tale maculisque duabus posticis oppositis pallidis; abdomine pedibusque maris vitellinis, feminze cinerascentibus.” ‘Very distinct in the male sex, by the egg-yellow coloured ab- domen, as in Psecad. echiella; the female is known, in this genus, by the large pale-yellow spot which proceeds from the base of the anterior wings, and takes up nearly the whole breadth of the wing.” R 2 138 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts ‘*This scarce species occurs near Glogau, where I took three specimens, one of which is a female, beating them out of an elm bush in the middle of May; also near Reichstadt, in Bohemia, (F. R.), and near Vienna (Metzner). If Scopoli’s Phal. rufella be identical with my species it occurs also near Laybach.” I do not think Scopoli’s description is sufficiently precise: he says—‘“ Anterior wings dirty ashy-grey ; body and legs red; pos- terior wings very narrow.” He makes no mention of any spots on the wings. His description of the “ body and legs red” answers exceedingly well for the male of this species ; and had he omitted to mention the anterior wings altogether I should have considered his name entitled to stand, but as it is I think there cannot be two opinions about the propriety of sinking it. Haworth’s trimaculella (see description among the remarks on cursoriella) is manifestly this species, which is found sparingly near London on the trunks of poplars in May and July, and his name will stand. Zeller alludes (p. 330) to some other species of Microsetia of Stephens, which may belong to this genus; viz. floslactella, viola- ceella, pygmeella, and sericiella. Floslactella and pygmeella I have already alluded to: violaceella (described by Haworth from a single specimen) I conceive to be a fine specimen of ruficapi- tella: sericiella has nothing whatever to do with this genus, nor even with the genus Elachista, and is, I believe, identical with the Tinagma saltatricella, figured in Duponchel’s Supp. vol. iv. pl. 86. fig. 12. In Zeller’s genus Trifurcula he has two species. “ Sp. 1. Pallidella, F.v.R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 332. Vol. i. pl. 2, figs. 51, 52. « Alis anterioribus exalbidis, obscurius grosse squamatis ; pos- terioribus cinerascentibus, exalbido-ciliatis.” “ Larger than the following, size of Cemi. spartifoliella ; wings silky ; the anterior very pale yellowish-white on both sides; on the upper side with coarse very pale ochreous scales, more nume- rous towards the apex.” ** Mann discovered this scarce insect, and took it in May and June, near Tivoli, where it flew heavily among long grass late in the evening; also near Pisa it frequented the long grass, mixed with low bushes, in the marshes.” from a Paper by Zeller on Tinea. 139 “ Sp. 2. Immundella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 332. ** Alis anterioribus nitidulis, albido-griseis, obscurius grosse squamatis ; posterioribus griseo-ciliatis.” ** Distinguished from the larger preceding species by its dirty grey but rather shining colour; from Buccul. cristatella by the lighter-coloured, coarsely-scaled anterior wings,” “‘ the possession of a tongue and a quite different neuration of the wings.” ‘This is abundant near Reichstadt, in Bohemia, on oaks, in July (F. R.). I took it once at Glogau, towards sunset, on the 8th of June, in a birch wood on Spartium scoparium, in company with Anarsia spartiella and Cemiostoma spartifoliella. Mann ob- tained some specimens from Spartium, in Tuscany, among the Apennines, near Pratovecchio.” This insect is in several cabinets as the pulverella of Bentley, but I believe has never been described; Bentley's name will therefore sink and Zeller’s be retained. Zeller first described this in the Isis, 1839. Zeller’s genus Tischeria contains five species, two of which only are known to us, and form part of the genus 4phelosetia of Stephens. “Sp. 1. Complanella, Hiibn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 335. Vol. i. pl. 2, figs. 53—57. This is the rufipennis of Haworth, the rufipennella of Stephens, and abounds on oaks in May and June. Haworth, however, gives unhesitatingly as a synonyme Tinca rufipennella, Hiib., which is aGracillaria! and in Stephens’ descrip- tion is an important error; instead of ‘‘apex palest” it should be “apex darkest,” as indeed the Latin diagnosis shows: the fulve- scens of Stephens (Illust. 4, 289) is also this species. “Sp. 2. Ricciardella, Costa.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 337. Zeller merely alludes to Costa’s figure and description of this insect (Faun. Neapol. Tin. p. 16, No. 14, tab. 3, fig. 7), which do not agree with one another. Zeller had not, I believe, ever seen the species. “Sp. 3. Emyella, Dup.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 338. Undoubtedly the Recurvaria marginea of Haworth, the Aphelo- setia marginea of Stephens; neither of these authors, however, make any allusion to the dark spot at the anal angle of the ante- rior wings. ‘This species is common here in May among oaks, but seems to occur in Germany only very rarely. 140 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts “Sp. 4. Gaunacella, F. R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 338. *“‘ Alis anterioribus virescenti-fuscis, nitidulis, palpis flavidis.” Rather larger than the former, but much smaller than the fol- lowing, and distinguished from it by the narrower anterior wings, and their pale colour without any violet tint. It resembles Buccu- latrix nigricomella in the anterior wings, but this has a deep black tuft of hair on the head, and a large clear-yellow eye-cap, and the consideration of the structure of the antenne always readily dis- tinguishes this and other more remote concolorous greenish brown species from our Tischeria. “ The single female in my collection is the same size as the two males, and a somewhat violet, Jess yellowish tint of the anterior wings and concolorous antenne. * Mann discovered this species at Vienna; he took it also near Pratovecchio, in Tuscany, on sloe bushes, in the middle of June.” “Sp. 5. Angusticollella, Heyden.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 339. * Alis anterioribus latiusculis, cupreo-fuscis, nitidulis, costa ex basi chalybea, antennis apice albido.” “In size this comes next to complanella; differs from the pre- ceding in the broader, pale coppery brown anterior wings, with the costa steel-coloured, and the whitish apices of the antenne.”’ ** This species was first discovered at Frankfort-on-the-Maine. From the discoverer Heyden I received a pair bred from the larve. The larva, the same form as that of complanella, mines in rose-leaves. Schlager found this species at Jena, in May, on fences principally under sloe-bushes. In Tuscany it is not very scarce in May, on sloe-bushes, near Leghorn and Pisa.” Having now come to the end of Zelier’s paper, I would advise all my readers to get the “Linnea,” and read Zeller’s own descrip- tions for themselves. They certainly are models of what descrip- tions ought to be ; and the plan of mentioning at first what peculiar character distinguishes each species from its congeners saves much time to the entomologist, who, having met with a new species, wishes to find if it has been described by Zeller. I observe we are promised in the next volume of the “ Linnea” a monograph by Zeller of the genus Coleophora, corresponding to our Porrectaria, and a portion of the genus Astyages, the appearance of which will be anxiously looked for by a large number of entomologists in this country. from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 141 SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES HEREIN ENUMERATED. * Synonyms. Lyonetia........ @lerckellas soreretess nivella, St., semiaurella, St. ; autumnella, C. prunifoliella. padifoliella. pulverulentella. Phyllocnistis ....suffusella........unipunctella, St. ? Salt@na oss eels sl 31 (QC TALITY IC OIRO CIO OTOL IG -. 34 Conterminella, Z. ...seceee-s RR oo bd Ge 16 WOslOserpELAWo Ole cere oxen, sacerscsyers 0 se ye: 1 Curvipunctosa, IBIig Bib. geo codbeouDoeoUS 16 ucla WN Dei Lis » cra. o 00.0 cies mibinye) a0) 42 Depressana, F. Z. ....--+0eeeeeeeeeeecee 34 Depressella, F. Hib. D. .....-+++-- ++ ee 34 Depunctella, Hitb. Tr. D. Z. 2. ee ee eens 1 Dictamnella, F. v. R. Tr. D. Z. «22-200 48 Douglasella, Sta. 1... cee eeee reece ceees 38 Emeritella, Heyd. ...cceecesveeeee Bierersisus 43 Pepulae, Livtelo «Meieis,=,-sesi.9 Misti efesre sraareres « 29 imoclla. FADNE) soi. cle q soe cs ce1s's se o's 2 UADOSA. FLAW. cc ciate diols Oreo oictoieie = nies oa oo 2 Purvetla, Tes Lis. « «e020 cots 5500 Roe pes!) Gilvella, Hiib. St. ..... ccc ee cceoriercecs 8 Gilvosa, Haw. ...ce.... ccccccsceccecs ge! Hepatariella, Zi sesessesveeceessessees soe 172 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the - No. Page. Heracleana, L. De Geer, St. Z. .sseeseass A7e)), ees Hleracteana, Vo wae is icseeeissoeee ee 40 .. 166 Fleraclei, Haw. 2220393 ssaists Ses tele ee’ AT © Seles Heracliella, Hib. Tr. F. v. R. Zett......... TSP gwiS9 THerachetla, Di oie oo ess ccd oe eee 10&18 ..156, 159 Humerella, D:) cot. erie tsi eee ee ee BS" ee GR Hypericella, Hbn. Tr. D. Z. Lie. ...... 64 Da SS Immaculana, Stisicis.ce.ss DsSsasbesaven Se S055 Hmourelia, Wr. Tvs Zip te ct see cae 6 oes 33) oe els Untermediella. Sta, 2658 ce seek sccee eens 24 Fer AGO TTROF EUG SS £ckeet eee eee ths DOSER Oe 5) tome Laierella, W. V.Z. F. vi Re 2.500600 3° TB oo ees TECPEDUSIENIA, A) cto le'n'seleiatsicis et « ‘ss. Supp. Note™ a2) Gg Liturella, Hub. St. ..... i ira eee eed pe a PS MDS O aS Pevuretia: WENA Vr DE Ze. O83 Soe 8s a des IE SSS EMUTOSU AAW. 35% 4:53 S45 cee ee ee eles See ME ig x iionietlas NEN < v's 6s otele os cto ee ee Oe eee Lys be. INDIE URIS CAs is oa eis ete aloes bic oes eee Go sk ' DS4 WVeCTEoSa, (LAW. ts. Sera ore sea ae eee tis tier 42° 93 NGF Wccliands Ses. wk © siese- otek oc.a et iaree Bae ene 20° ss" 159 Patloreila Di. ect. % oiteae sis is, alade¥e iets Maxson tehe 3° 22> 5S Parilellas Urs Zi. lieve. «6% as eileh ats alae totems 28 52" 162 Pastinacella, Dist occcsc ceded: sswwdeces,) 448745. St MGS MICLOTALGNEUG. Dian ins lo tera hs faa sd 7,0'% Bete ate O7.% te! M62 Spa Lalieey hs W356 ARO ASAE AG oo On AO Soon 35 .. 164 Propmyuella, Tr. F.v. RZ. Ev..-5+...-2.0 19 Yee) doo WEelia MEAD Ae ic' «faisle's etelola’e Seis oh Oss hee 1 ai 557 Pulcherrimella, Sta. ........ steiohesevetane seme NOt ee om Pulverelila, Tr. F. vi Ru.icss 0's eS leantios «ete 7 he? AS Pulverella, Ev. ........ alee iolete ta siete e%.ce O00 Se Od HUE DUNETL, AAW Sts! ote olcliajs mtele te ieiels «tes =< 12 se on utriad, Taw.) 2 ss.s 6s 6s eh hie Sitove tere Wicte ees 23>. 160 WPTICTAGOLICs BAUD co's io.'s sie 'w-diess' ss wie eis ciao 5 2825 Ge drespersclla,) Ural. We Wt. %./!s\e = sfo ib te taets ones Tae SS EOLUNCEL a, YOUR: Sotsie'n o ole vic’ sin ioe sstole hots it (BI se) ee Rubidella, Hib. D. ........ a {ole tote ie re's Totate 1 MPa | PRULONG \ivwtatele oles ol-)ewisislaisicisieleisieks Supp. Note .. 169 pimnella, ELUD. 3.522252 Bs Gb hk ereteiete rs 20) he SS PLONOSH st A Wameiete = elope etic bee tetera teletets oaees eUeruey loo Sparganielia, Thunb, Ar, DiuZ -... cee cee ee Oe pparmanniana, Ko St. -\...'s\\< 16 eleaicisaieleleis nee ee) Lule Spar tiand, TUG. 9 iis'sleiste ileal tolehstele etatetatets Pie erT5s Genera Depressaria, §c. 173 i No. Page. Subpropinquella, Sta. .....eseeseesseesees TOs ee LoG LUE EER SRB Orn eigen SCIOTO DO Bae De ae log Mastellas ELWDan <6 tie cick A aces oysiela. © ie cee oul! Miieetella. Stas. see.creistbectires evans oneeedes = Ales oe ela itemella Stags sb oie nus cies acts onlin a pial ate 232 ADs oe J 116G Wanbellana obs: oti taisiatoie stoi oi sac tteysiers svscein'o eee Ataece . Loo Uimbellanty® Sto% swiss ccc a8 saps sth as sehr 4 .. 154 Wanbel ian ump klawere cco: oye c56 Sis, s. esas onsceue baci 4 .. 154 Vacemelasblubs. Urs: Dy Zit ois esancsat outine © ce Loe 5 og [Fe Pa GAT EROS a AE CR On yO 4G. 22 s 168 Penasasat laws St. 5 %«,c.dsi a1 siecs os) dye ose (Se so.4,6, 8k Ij, es abo Dec eerucace Trap aa 28 ho) eon ay snes oes ane eus''s aus ds) 5, 5h *s OS] aa 60 WERESANG St. a creas 60,0 90 es BOE DCC elas MePLISEe Ete cas tera Stoves cea ciavee wi sicheie's 6 Boos IEC PCIr UA. SEAN. Bors wines oa) eee 0 SR sae 6, oes OO) eg UGE Zephyrella, Hiab. .......+e2s+++-- Supp. Note .. 169 XXXIV. On the British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. By J. W. Douglas, Esq. [Read December 4th, 1848.] For many years the Micro-lepidoptera of Britain have been greatly neglected, and a great confusion of names has arisen. Since the publication of the works of Haworth and Stephens there has been no systematic attempt to identify either our named or unnamed species with those known on the continent, notwithstanding that, in the Isis of 1839, Zeller has described and enumerated a great number. I have been requested to bear a part in helping to elu- cidate ‘this Babel called Micro-lepidopterology,” as M. Guénée says; and if occasionally I should wander from the right path in the mazes of synonymy, it will be more from the difficulty of see- ing my way, than from want of endeavour to find it. The genus Gelechia of Zeller is about equivalent to Lita of Treitschke, and includes the greater part of the genus Anacampsis of Curtis, and the whole or portions of the genera Recurvaria, Che- 174 Mr. J. W. Douglas on the laria, Cleodora, Acompsia, Enicostoma, Telea, Glyphipteryx, Panca- lia, Harpagus, &c. of British authors. It is a large genus, bringing together many allied species, which in our catalogues are mixed with others not nearly related, and placed in several genera; it is on this account, and because the clearing up of the synonymy of species, rather than the examination of genera, is the object now before me, that [ have adopted it. {admit that it is capable of subdivision ; but, when our species are clearly made out, it will be time enough to consider genera more particularly. I propose to take the species without reference to the sections into which Zeller has divided the genus, because, while I can at once proceed with some about which no doubts exist, I cannot be so sure about others without comparison with foreign specimens, and it may be some considerable time ere an opportunity of making that arrives. At the end, I will give a synopsis of the species, arranged according to their affinities. GevecuiA, Zeller. “ Head smooth; palpi at least as long as the thorax, recurved, compressed, with a long thin and pointed terminal joint ; tongue moderately long. Attitude of the wings as in Depressaria ; ante- rior longish, posterior trapezoidal, with long or moderately long cilia.” A The last joint of the palpi fine, thin and pointed. a The posterior wings broader than the anterior wings, or at least as broad. a The last joint of the palpi longer than the penultimate. — Nothris, Hib. ( The last joint of the palpi shorter than the penultimate. —Gelechia, Hib. b The posterior wings narrower than the anterior.—Brach- mia, Hib. B The last joint of the palpi with a beard on the back, as it were compressed and widened. a The posterior wings broader than the anterior.—Che- laria, Haw. B The posterior wings narrower than the anterior.—Metz- neria, Zckn. British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 175 Sp. 1. Populella. G. Populella, Z. Ti. Populella, L. Lita. Populella, F. v. R. pl. 76 and 77, f. 1. Anac. Populella, St. (Cat.) Re. Populi, Haw. An. laticinctella, St. (Ill.), Wood, 1188. Ti. Blattariella, H. 148. Re. Junipert, Haw. An. Juniperella, St., Wood, 1187 (non L.) An. hortuella, St. (non Wood.) Tinea Juniperella of Linné is erroneously given as British. Haworth quotes it, and says it is found on poplars; but F. v. R. has reared it from junipers, and figures its preparatory states. Zeller places it in his genus Ypsolophus near to fasciellus, H. (Ma- crochila fasciella, St., Wood, 1245.) Sp. 2. Lobella. G. lobella, Z. Ti. lobella, W. V., H. 238, Tr, Py. Thunbergana, Fab. En. Thunbergana, St., Wood, 1250. Re. Thunbergi, Haw. Sp. 3. Cinerella. G. cinerella, Z. Tx. cineretla, L., Tr., H. 173. Re. cinerea, Haw. Acompsia cinerella, St., Wood, 1242. Sp. 4. Malvella, G. Malvella, Z., F. v. R. pl. 1, f. 46. Ti. Malvella, H. 281. T. Listerella, L.? An. Listerella, St. (l.) Re. lutarea, Haw. p. 549, No 10. Of this species, Hiibner’s figure is not good, as stated by Zeller, but it is well figured by I’. v. R., and said by him to feed on Al- theea rosea (Hollyhock.) It may be the Listerella of Linné, but his descriptior is not sufficiently definite to determine. 176 Mr. J. W. Douglas on the Sp. 5. Gallinella. G. gallinella, Z. Lita. gallinella, Tischer, Tr., Dup. 296, f. 9. Re. Betulea, Haw. (non JT. Betulinella, H.) An. Betulea, St., Wood, 1192. An. lanceolella, St., Wood, 1210. Sp. 6. Leucatella. G. leucatella, Z. Ti. leucatella, L., H. 146. Erm. leucatea, Haw. Telea leucatella, St., Wood, 1290. Lita. albo-cingulella, Dup. 298, fig. 13. Sp. 7. Triparella. G. triparella, Mtzn., Z., Dup. Re. dodecea, Haw. An. dodecella, St., Wood, 1200 (non L.) Ti. paripunctella, Thunb. ? Sp. 8. Dodecella. G. dodecella, Z. (Isis, 1839, p. 335.) Ti. dodecella, L. G. favillaticella, Z. (Isis, 1839, p. 201.) An. aspera, Wood, 1202. An. annulicornis, St., Wood, 1199. An. Pinetella, Bentley (MS.) The /Jarva, according to Madame Lienig, feeds till the middle of May in the small, not full-grown, shoots, of the Pinus Abies. (Isis, 1846.) Sp. 9. Mouffettella. G. Mouffettella, Z, (Isis, 1846.) Ti. Mouffettella, L.? H. 245. An. Mouffettella, St., Wood, 1201. G. pedisequella, Z. (Isis, 1839) non H. 95. The larva, according to Madame Lienig, feeds during May, on honeysuckle, where it inhabits a tubular closely-fitting web between united leaves. The insect lies nearly four weeks in British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 177 pupa, and appears from the middle of June to far in July. (Isis, 1846.) Sp. 10. Terrella. G. terrella, Z. Ti. terrella, W. V., H. 170. 1. terrella, F. v. R. pl. 80, f. 1 and pl. 96. Ti. pauperella, H. (Cat.) Re. subcinerea, Haw. ? Re. Listeri, Haw. An. lutarea, St., Wood, 1197. An. subcinerea, St., Wood, 1196. An. cinerella, St., Wood, 1195. Sp. 11. Aleella. G. aleella, Z. Ti. aleella, Fab. Ti. alternella, H. 151. Re. alterna, Haw. An. alternella, St., Wood, 1229. Yp. bicolorella, Tr. L. bicolorella, Dup. Sp. 12. Nanella. G. nanella, Z. Ti. nanella, W. V., H. 264. Re. nana, var. 3, Haw. An. sequax, St.? Wood, 1213. An. Padifoliella, Westw. (non H.) Sp. 13. Luculella. G. luculella, Z. Ti. luculella, H. 397. Re. subrosea, Haw. An, subrosea, St. An. luctuella, St., Wood, 1206 (non H.) An. marmorea, Wood, 1218. Sp. 14. Scriptella. G. scriptella, Z. Ti. scriptella, H. 152, Tr. Re. Blattarie, Haw. An. Tremella, St., Wood, 1123 (non W. V.) 178 Sp. Sp. Sp. Sp. =o liGis Mice 18. 19: . 20. Mr. J. W. Douglas on the » Vulgella. G. vulgella, Z. Ti. vulgella, H. 346, W. V.? Ke. aspera, Haw. An. aspera, St. An. subrosea, Wood, 1219. Longicornis. An, longicornis, Curt. 4, pl. 189, St., Wood, 1198. G. histrionella, Z. 7%. histrionella, H. 464. L. zebrella, Tisch., Tr. Ericinella. G. Evicinella, Z. Ti. micella, H. 210, Tr. Panc. Merianella, St., Wood, 1385 (non L.) Hermannella. G. Hermannella, Z. Ti. Hermannella, Fab., Tr. Ti. Zinckenella, H. 401, 402. Glyph. Zinckella, St., Wood, 1372, Glyph. Schefferella, St., Wood, 1373. Conscriptella. G. conscriptella, Z. Ti. conscriptella, H. 283. Chel. conscripta, Haw. Chel. rhomboidella, St., Wood, 1235 (non L.) Sororculella. G. sororculella, Z. Ti. sororculella, H. 440. An. Erice, Westw., Humph. B. Moths, pl. 104, als. Expansion of wings 7 to 8 lines. Head grey-brown; antenne brown-black ; thorax red-brown; anterior mings shining, red-brown, lighter on the inner margin: in the centre is a strong black streak placed longitudinally ; in which, just before the middle of the wing, isa white spot having a black dot in the centre, and the end of the streak is as it were cut off by a white mark, so that a black spot appears beyond a white one. Below the central white spot, British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 179 in the groove of the wing, is a thin black streak having white intervals. Beyond the middle is an acutely-angled buff fascia, from the costal end of which round the posterior margin to the anal angle are seven or eight long black dots, placed on a buff ground: cilia grey-brown. Posterior wings silver-grey, cilia con- colorous. Body griseous. This moth sometimes varies in having on the anterior wings more small black streaks than those I have mentioned. I bred two on the 28th June, 1848, from larva found in leaves of sallows, and took two on 11th July in the evening flying about sallows at Dulwich wood. It is also in the Bentley cabinet, taken, Mr. Westwood says, in the north of England. XXXV. Descriptions of some new Species of Coleoptera. By Jo EF. S. Parry, Esq: FG.S:, &e- [Read 5th February, 1849.] Family LEBIADZ. Genus Puysopera, Eschscholtz. Physodera Eschscholtzii. (Plate XVIII. fig. 2.) Phys. niger, nitidus, ceruleo-tinctus ; thorace cyaneo; elytris splendide cupreis, marginibus viridi-czeruleis. Long. corp. 3% lin.; lat. 1# lin. Inhabits Ceylon and the Philippine Islands. Although the present insect wants the bladder-like swelling on either side of the thorax, which characterizes the species on which Eschscholtz founds his genus Physodera, it nevertheless agrees so closely with that insect in all other particulars, that I do not hesitate to place it in the same genus. One is naturally led to question whether the swellings on the thorax may not be a sexual distinction, but on this point I have not been able to satisfy myself. Both species, viz. the P. Dejeani and the P. Eschscholtzii, were brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philippine Islands,* and are now deposited in the collection of the British Museum ; and, upon * My own specimen of the P. Eschscholtzii is from Ceylon, 180 Mr. J. F. 8. Parry on some comparing these together, I can only perceive differences in the feet, palpi, &c., which appear rather to be specific than sexual. The P. Eschscholtzii is a larger insect than P. Dejeani, its legs and antenne are relatively rather longer and more slender, the elytra are larger in proportion and more elongated, and the punc- tures of the striz are a trifle more distinct; the thorax moreover is less distinctly punctured on the hinder part. The eyes are very prominent, and there is a mesial fovea on the forehead, and an irregular depression on either side near the insertion of the antennze. The thorax is broader than long, and rather suddenly dilated in the middle ; the anterior angles are produced and ob- tuse, the posterior angles produced laterally, and acute ; the lateral margins somewhat reflected, and the reflected portion very broad ; the disc convex, and with a deep mesial groove, terminating pos- teriorly in a fovea, and there are two largish shallow fovea behind, one near each angle, in which are some scattered punctures, as there are likewise near the anterior angles of the thorax: the posterior margin is produced in the middle, in the form of a large, and nearly semicircular lobe. The scutellum is minute and pointed. The elytra are moderately convex, and have a narrow reflected margin: they are rather delicately punctate-striated ; of a brilliant copper colour, with green-blue margin. The thorax is steel blue, and the remaining parts are black, with a faint blue tinge. The whole insect is exceedingly glossy. Genus PuysocroTaPuus. A new genus belonging to the section of Truncatipennes, and allied to Cymindis, distinguished by a large head, swollen behind the eyes, combined with long and somewhat slender antenne, elongated palpi and jaws (the former with the terminal joint by no means securiform), and simple tarsi and claws. Physocrotaphus Ceylonicus, g. (Plate XVIII. fig. 1). Phys. niger, nitidus, antennis pedibusque piceo-testaceis, thorace cordiformi, postice truncato, foveis duabus impresso, mar- ginibus lateralibus reflexis. Elytris striatis, striis leviter punctatis, interstiis punctulatis. Long. corp. 7 lin. Habitat Ceylon. The above described species appearing to me to bear much resemblance to an insect described (from Mr. Melly’s collection) by Mr. Westwood in the fourth volume of our Transactions, I new Species of Coleoptera. 181 forwarded it to that gentleman, and through his kindness I am enabled to furnish the following particulars relating to the two insects. Although closely allied to the Helluodes Taprobane, the Physocrotaphus Ceylonicus differs both generically and specifically. The general form of the body, large simple mandibles, palpi and maxille, flattened head and prothorax, and even the striation and punctation of the elytra, agree with Mr. Melly’s insect; the head, however, is not of that disproportionate size, and it wants the two elevated tubercules between the eyes, which are replaced by two oval impressions; the upper lip has the anterior angles acute, and the basal joint of the antennz is elongate: but the chief character in which it differs from Helluodes consists in the form of the lower lip, the mentum having the central lobe acutely bifid, whilst the labium is short, transversely truncate at the tip, with long sete, and with very distinct lateral paraglosse. This is the more remarkable, because it has the long naked Jabrum of Helluodes (vol. iv. pl. 21, fig. Bat), which mainly gives that insect a relation with Hellwo, whilst the structure of the mentum and labium above described agrees with that of the Feronides ; still the anterior tarsi, which, although not dilated, are strongly setose on the under side (indicating this specimen to be a male), and the regularly truncate elytra, show an affinity to the 7’runcatipennes, and render the genera FHelluodes and Physocrotaphus two of the most interesting of Carabideous insects. Div. TRICHIADE. Genus Fam. Tricuius, Fab. Sub-genus, Diatiruus, (Parry). Sp. 1. Trichius (Dialithus magnificus 9.) (Plate XVIII. fig. 4.) Niger, nitidus, clypeo bifido, thoracisque vittis, elytrorum pygidiique maculis, argenteo-opalinis, femoribus anterioribus rufis. Long. corp. lin. 9; lat. corp, lin. 4. This is one of the most magnificent species of the group of Melitophila belonging to the genus T'richius. With most of the essential characters of the species of T'richius, this beautiful insect presents certain peculiarities which have in- duced me to institute the new section, to which I have given the name Dialithus, for its reception. Compared with the typical species of Trichius, the most striking points of distinction in the Dialithus magnificus are the deeply cleft clypeus, the great length and slenderness of the tarsi, and the brilliancy of its colouring. 182 Mr. J. F.S. Parry on some The specimen described is a female, having the anterior tibize bidentate, and is from the upper province of Mexico. A second specimen is in the collection of the British Museum, and this col- lection, like my own, is indebted to Mr. W. Wilson Saunders for this valuable addition. Sp. 2. Macronota alboguttata. (Plate XVIII. fig. 3.) Nigra, nitida, supra et subtus albo-maculata, capite thoraceque crebre punctulatis, hoc vitta mediana illo vittis duabus, elytris maculis quatuor, pygidio macula centralis albis. Long. lin. 3. Habitat India. This species belongs to the group of Macronota, which has a longitudinal excavation on the thorax and scutellum, and to which Dr. Burmeister restricts the generic name of Macronota ; and to- gether with MW. Diardi, M. trisulcata, M. dives, forming part of his first division, although published in the catalogue of Cetoniade of the collection in the British Museum, under the name of albo- gutta, it has hitherto remained undescribed. It has also been received from the Philippine Islands. Sp. 3. Pachyteria bicolor, De}. (Plate XVIII. fig. 5.) Nigra elytrorum dimidia anterior, antennarum articulis septem primis, tibiis anterioribus tarsisque flavis, elytrorum di- midio posteriore obscure viridi nitido. ae Long. 13 inch. Habitat Java. This beautiful insect is one of the numerous undescribed species to be found in the catalogue of the Jate Count De Jean’s collec- tion, and having been assured by a letter lately received from my friend Dr. Schaum, from Paris, of the identity of the species, I have thought it not unworthy of a place in our Transactions. Fam. BRENTHIDES, Scho, Cyphagogus* Westwoodu. (Plate XVIII. fig. 9.) Cyph. niger; nitidus, elytris crenato-striatis ; femoribus incras- satis, in medio inciso constrictis. Long. corp. 4 lin. Hab. Ceylon. Head a trifle shorter than the thorax, and varying but little in * From xvpis, a kind of collar; and ay, break, cut asunder, &c., in allusion to the peculiar form of the prothorax. new Species of Coleoptera. 183 width throughout; it is about equally broad at the distal ex- tremity and in the region of the eyes, slightly contracted in the space between the antennz and the eyes, and more distinctly contracted behind: the eyes of moderate size, but little convex, round, and placed nearly midway between the opposite extremities of the head. On the fore part of the head is a faint longitudinal groove, and there are some fine punctures scattered on this part: the hinder part of the head is smooth. Thorax distinctly longer than broad ; about one-third shorter than the elytra, but equalling the body in width. The posterior half of this segment is nearly cylindrical, and exhibits a few in- distinct longitudinal rugze, and some scattered punctures on the upper surface. The fore half of the thorax is compressed, so that the dorsal surface presents an obtuse keel, and on this keel are two transverse indentations, as well as a longitudinal groove. The hinder part of the keel is most raised, and forms a hump. Body nearly cylindrical, but the elytra are slightly depressed on the fore part: they are crenato-striated. Near the apex of the elytra the suture is raised. Femora and tibiz deep and compressed; the hinder femora long and stout, and swollen in the middle (vide wood-cut); the tibiae equal in length to the femora, equally stout, and most broad at the distal extremity. The hinder tarsi are likewise very stout. The antennz are equal to the thorax in length, moderately thick at the base, and becoming gradually broader to the apex: the nine basal joints are nearly spherical; the three terminal joints are distinctly larger than the rest and somewhat com- pressed ; two of them present a nearly square outline, whilst the last joint is longer than broad and somewhat pointed. This insect approaches to the species of Taphroderes in many of its characters, but differs in having the head much broader in front of the eyes, and more especially in the elongated form of the hinder femora. On account of these differences, I have de- scribed it under a new generic title; and I may here observe, that the insect described by Mr. Westwood under the name Ta- phroderes Whitei, possessing all the essential characters of the Cyphagogus Westwoodii, should be arranged under the same sec- tional name. The former insect differs from the C. Westwoodii in having the thorax distinctly punctured, and in wanting the con- striction in the middle of the hinder femora; it is moreover much smaller, and has the tip of the rostrum, as well as the legs and antenne, pitchy red, whereas in the C. Westwoodu all these parts are black. VOL. V. U 184 Mr. J. F. S. Parry on some - a iN : i= I, k, 1, m, n. Details of Taphroderes Westwoodii, g. (" I, head ; k, head and prothorax seen sideways. 1, fore leg ; m, hind leg seen sideways; n, ditto seen more obliquely. Fig. A, b, c. Details of Taphroderes 4-signatus 9 .* A, head seen from above ; b, fore leg ; c, hind leg. D, e, f, g, h. Details of Taphroderes Whitei, g&. D, head; e, head and prothorax seen sideways. f, fore leg ; g, fore tarsus; h, hind leg. CreramByx Gracitipes. (Plate XVIII. fig. 6.) This insect, it appears to me, belongs to the same great division of the Longicorns as the genera Aromia, Calichroma and their allies. In having the hinder tibia slender and compressed, and especially in having the first joint of the hinder tarsus elongated and much compressed, combined with a thorax destitute of lateral spines, it approaches most nearly to Chrysoprasis and Promeces. With the latter it further agrees in having the antenne incrassated at the apex ; the femora, however, are not clavate as in the spe- cies of Promeces, the elytra are much shorter and broader, and the basal joint of the posterior tarsus is distinctly longer than in either of the genera mentioned. Ceramb. niger, thorace rugulis transversis, ad latera puncto albo, postice punctis tribus albis, notato; scutello albo; ely- tris singulis in medio fascia obliqua interrupta, notaque trans- versa ad apicem, albis ornatis. Long. corp. 9 lin. Hab. Ceylon. The head is rugose, and longitudinally grooved between the eyes. The thorax is subconical, becoming gradually broader towards the hinder part, and presents numerous transverse waved * [The insect here represented agrees with the female of a singular new species of Taphroderes from Port Natal, to which I have given the name of 7. distortus. on account of the singular formation of the mandibles of the male, that on the right hand side being small, whilst the left hand one is as ong as the head, and very irregular in form. Had the males only been known, it would have been sup- posed necessary to form a new subgenus for its reception. The female, however, proves it to belong to the genus Taphroderes, and I have but little doubt that when the females of T. Whitei and Cyphagogus Westwoodii are known, they wil prove to be genuine Taphroderes. J. O. W.] new Species of Coleoptera. 185 rugz on the dorsal surface and sides; on each side is a small white spot near the middle, and there is a central white spot on the hinder margin, and a transverse white line on either side. The scutellum is white. The elytra are not quite three times the length of the thorax, broadest at the base, and about one-fourth narrower at the opposite extremity, which is armed with two small spines, one being on the inner margin, and the other sepa- rated from this but by a narrowish space. An oblique ridge passes backward from the humeral angle of each elytron, and almost reaches the apex, running obliquely inwards in its course ; the space between the ridge and the suture is flat, or very slightly concave. At the base, the elytra are rugose; and, be- yond, they are rather finely punctured. In the middle of each elytron is an obliquely-transverse white band (descending as it passes from the suture outwards), which is interrupted in the middle; and very near the apex is a transverse white spot. The antennee are rather longer than the body, including head and thorax; and so are the slender hind legs. Length, 8 lin.; width, at base of elytra, 2 lin. Fam. LAMIADH. (Plate XVIII. fig. 8.) Lamia enea. (Parry). Lamia nigra; elytris eneis, nitidis, punctato-striatis ; articulis antennarum ad basin cinerascentibus. Long. corp. lin. 14. Habitat Guinea. A new species of Lamia, belonging to the genus of Monohan- mus, of Meguli; it is from the environs of Cape Coast Castle. For this and the following species I am indebted to my friend, F. Swanzy, Esq., a resident in that country. The principal feature in this species is the dingy brass colouring of the elytra. Gen. Masticocera, Dej. Mastigocera barbicornis, Fab. (Plate X VIII. fig. 7.) M. Thorace spinoso, elytrisque fusco nigroque variis, albo ma- culatis, articulo tertio fascicula pilorum. Long. 13 lin. Habitat Guinea. The description by Fabricius corresponds so exactly with the insect received by me from the same locality, that I have no hesitation in presenting it to your notice as such, Although previously described, yet, being a very rare and beautiful insect, a figure of it must prove acceptable to the collector of foreign Coleoptera. u2 186 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Notice XXXVI. Notice of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan (East Indies), with Descriptions of the new Species. By W.S. Dattuas, Esq., F.L.S. [Read February 5th, 1849.] Havine been kindly permitted by Dr. Horsfield to examine the Hemiptera belonging to the museum of the East India Company, I have now the pleasure to lay before the Society a note of those species of Scutelleride and Pentatomide contained in a small collection of Hemipterous insects from Boutan. I have thought it better to give a list of all the species in this collection, as Boutan (or Bhotan) is a district in the extreme north of India, almost entirely surrounded by hills, and from this isolated position its Fauna becomes interesting. A good many of the species have been originally described from Javanese specimens. Fam. SCUTELLERID &. Of the Scutelleride we have the Australian and Javanese J'ec- tocoris Banksii, Don.; Peecilocoris Drurei, Lin.; P. Childreni, White, and P. Hardnickii, Hope. Of one of the species of Peeci- locoris the collection contains the larvae, apparently in the last state, with a memorandum attached, to the effect that the insect is ‘said to infest the tea plants particularly.” Of this family there are also Callidea abdominalis, purpurea and Roylu, Hope, and a new species, nearly allied to the last mentioned, which I have named Sp. 1. Callidea spingera. (Plate XIX. fig. 3) C. fusco-testacea, violaceo-vel eeneo-nitida, thoracis angulis la- teralibus in spinam parvam acutam productis, abdominis margine crenato, rubro, violaceo-variegato, 6 @. Long. ¢ lin. 7, 2 lin. 73, hemelytrorum membrana inclusa. Broadly ovate, rather convex. Above brownish testaceous, with violet or brassy reflections, very thickly and finely punc- tured. Head violet, shining, faintly punctured and transversely wrinkled, the central lobe darker in colour. Eyes brown; ocelli red. Thorax faintly punctured, with the lateral angles produced into a small acute spine on each side, the anterior and lateral mar- gins, and in the male the whole anterior portion, coppery or violet, shining; on each side, towards the anterior margin, is a small of some EHemipterous Insects from Boutan. 187 transverse fovea, surrounded by a brassy green ring. Scutellum very finely punctured, and faintly wrinkled transversely, especially at the base, which is brassy, coppery or violet. Elytra brown, with the margins pale testaceous. Margins of the abdomen pro- jecting slightly beyond the scutellum, bright red, crenated, each segment bearing two small projections or tubercles ; abdomen beneath deep blue violet, very smooth and finely punctate, with a strong brassy green reflection; a violet line on the margin of each segment, running between the red tubercles. Anal apparatus red, violet at base in the male. Breast shining violet, punctured ; the antero-lateral margins and the prominent lateral angles red- dish. Legs shining violet, finely pilose. Tarsi black. Antenne and rostrum black, the former covered with short hairs. This species in its general form, and more especially in the form and colouring of the abdomen, approaches very closely to C. Royli; but it differs from this and indeed from all other known species of the genus, in the sharp spines which exist at the lateral angles of the prothorax. It is probable that the insect, when alive, presents a most splendid appearance, as the metallic tints, which ornament its surface when viewed in certain lights, are evidently only the remains of former brilliancy. Three more species complete the list of Scutelleride ; they are the Lucorysses Baro, Fab.; Calliphara nobilis, Fab. ( Tectocoris perpleca, Hope); and the Coptosoma cribrarium, Fab. Fam. PENTATOMID. Of the group Asopides, Am. Serv. there are but two species. The first is the Cazira verrucosa, Westw. (not Am. Serv.), of which there is a specimen of the male in the typical condition, and one of what appears to be a black variety of the female. The other species appears to be identical with the dsopus (Arma) geometricus, (Hag.) Burm, and approaches very closely to Penta- toma aliena, Hope. As neither of the descriptions given by these authors is sufficient to determine the insect perfectly satisfactorily, I have subjoined one in a more detailed form. Genus Arma, Hahn., Am. and Serv. Sp. 2. Arma geometrica. (Plate XIX. fig. 2.) Asopus geometricus (Hag.), Burm., Rh., p. 80, 7. Pentatoma aliena, Hope Cat., p. 40? A. elongata, olivacea vel fusco-testacea, punctatissima, spinis 188 Mr. W. 8S. Dallas’s Modzce thoracis unidentatis ; linea transversa thoracis, scutelli apice, marginibusque elytrorum, albidis, ¢. Long. lin. 7. Body elongate-ovate, the sides nearly parallel. Olive-brown, or brownish-testaceous, very thickly punctured. Thorax with the lateral angles produced into a short, acute, black spine, which is distinctly toothed on its hinder margin; a pale yellowish line runs across the disc of the thorax from angle to angle. Scu- tellum rather dark at the base, the apex white.* Elytra with the external margin whitish; the membrane transparent. Abdomen beneath punctured, with an irregular line down the centre, and the stigmata, black. Legs, rostrum and antenne yellowish brown; the tip of the third joint of the antenna, and the whole of the fourth, except the base, black. ‘Tarsi pitchy. Of the Cydnides there is only one small species, which appears to agree very nearly with Hope’s description of his Cydnus Capicola. Amongst the Halydes we have only four species, of which one is the Halys (Dalpada, A. and S.) oculata, Fab. ; the second ap- proaches very closely to Halys obscura, Hope; the third appears to be undescribed. This species will not enter any of MM. Amyot and Serville’s sufficiently numerous genera. According to their systematic table, it should fall in their genus Thelima ; but it does not at all agree with the characters given of that genus in the body of the work. It appears to me to enter, or to ap- proach very closely to, the genus Dichelops of the Marquis Spi- nola, and under this it will be best to range it. The rostrum barely reaches the second segment of the abdomen. The lateral lobes of the head (fig. 3 a) pass the central one considerably, and meet beyond it, but leave a good-sized notch at the apex of the head. The lateral margins of the head are notched a little behind the apex, and again a little before the eyes. The ventral furrow is scarcely perceptible. I call the species— Sp. 3. Halys (Dichelops?) obscura. (Plate XIX. fig. 3.) H. (D.) ovata, fusca, punctatissima, antennis rufo-fuscis, arti- culis 2 ultimis, basi excepto, nigris, ¢, @. Long. lin. 7—73. Body ovate. Above brown, obscure, very thickly punctured. Thorax with the lateral angles somewhat prominent, margins pale * This character is not given by Burmeister. of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan. 189 or yellow. Head, thorax and scutellum slightly clouded with yellowish. Elytra with a reddish tint on the coriaceous portion ; membrane transparent, with a pitchy black spot at the internal basal angle. (This spot is concealed by the tip of the scutellum when the wings are closed.) Margins of the abdomen projecting considerably beyond the elytra on each side. Abdomen beneath reddish or testaceous brown, smooth, shining; the disc sparingly, the lateral margins very thickly and finely punctured. Breast concolorous with the abdomen, sparingly punctured, more thickly so at the sides. Legs reddish brown, punctured with black ; the tarsi darker. Rostrum reddish brown, darker at the tip. An- tennze of the same colour, the two last joints black, except at the base. The species appears to vary a good deal, in the colour being paler or darker, and more or less mixed witi yellowish. Plate XIX. fig. 3a, the head seen from above; 35, the head seen from beneath, laterally. The fourth species is the Halys (Nevroscia) nubila, Fab. Of the Pentatomides there are also four species, of which two appear to be undescribed. Those already described are the Strachia limbata, Fab., a Javanese species, and the Indian Penta- toma ventralis, Hope. Nearly allied to the latter is one of the other species, for which I propose the name of— Sp. 4. Pentatoma crassiventre. P. rotundato-ovatum, olivaceo-testaceum, angulis thoracis pro- minentibus rotundatis ; abdomine testaceo, macula magna subapicali nigra, @. Long. corp. lin. 4, lat. thor. lin. 3. Body roundish. Above olive-testaceous, opaque, thickly and finely punctured with black. Head very thickly and rather coarsely punctured. Eyes brown. Prothorax with the lateral angles considerably produced on each side, but rounded at the apex; emarginate anteriorly for the reception of the head, the posterior margin straight. The anterior portion of the thorax is more thickly punctured than the posterior, with a faint transverse line on each side near the anterior margin, and a very narrow longitudinal line on the disc, smooth, impunctate. Scutellum rather more faintly punctate towards the apex. Elytra with a small impunctate spot on the disc; the membrane transpzrent. Back of abdomen pitchy black, the margins testaceous, very thickly punctured with black. Beneath testaceous, smooth, slightly shin- 190 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Wotice ing. Abdomen convex, punctured with black, the punctures very close together towards the margins, thus forming a broad cloudy line down each side within the line of stigmata; the base of the second segment, and a large spot in the centre of the fifth and sixth segments, black. Breast and underside of head concolorous with the abdomen. Legs pale testaceous, with distinct pitchy punctures; those on the thighs much larger than those on the tibize, the apex of the latter and the tarsi tinted with ferruginous. Antenne with the two basal joints (which are all that exist in the specimen) pale testaceous; rostrum of the same colour, with the apex pitchy black. The fourth species appears to be nearly allied to Cimea rufipes, Linn., which forms the type of the genus Cimea, as restricted by Amyot and Serville. It appears to agree in most of its characters with their description of that genus, but is distinguished from all the other Pentalomides by its possessing only two joints in the tarsi. It will probably be found to form the type of a distinct sub-genus; but as the specimen before me is very much muti- lated, it will be better for the present to place it provisionally in the genus Cimex.* Sp. 5. Cimex? Boutanicus. (Plate XIX. fig. 4.) C. fuscus, rugoso-punctatus, angulis lateralibus thoracis in processum magnum latum 5-dentatum productis ¢. Long. lin. 93, hemelytrorum membrana inclusa. Body ovate. Above brown, obscure, thickly and strongly rugose-punctate. Head rather thickly punctured, nearly as broad in front as behind, and with the anterior margin strongly notched ; slightly wrinkled posteriorly. Eyes pitchy; ocelli yellowish. Thorax with the enlarged lateral angles considerably directed forwards, with five teeth at their apex, of which the third and fourth from the front are rounded, the others acute. 8 pallide viridi-flavidis, basi, linea tenui, nudata, transversa, margini- busque externis plus minusve, brunneis: anticis lunula magna, pos- ticis parva instruclis. Exp. alar. 6 unc. 3 lin. del. 156 mill. Hab, India Orientali. hit PROCEEDINGS OF THE Anterior wings triangular, the apex acute; the anterior margin more than double the length of the inner; the outer margin nearly straight, three-fourths the length of the anterior; pale, dull, greenish yellow: the costa, the base beyond the origin of the first median nervule, an indistinct, angular, transverse striga beyond the middle, a patch near the apex, and a larger one on the outer magin near the anal angle, pale brown: the end of the cell marked by large crescent-shaped lunule, dark internally and above. Pos- terior wings short, subtriangular, the anal angle produced into a long tail, more than double the length of the wing, very slender, enlarged before the apex; pale dull greenish yellow: the base, an angular striga near the outer margin, the outer margin and the narrow part of the tail, except internally near the base, pale brown. Head, thorax and abdomen greenish yellow, the prothorax brown in front. In the collections of the British Museum, Count Mnizesch, &c. Mr. Westwood brought for distribution amongst the members numerous specimens of Cucujus piceus. Mr. White exhibited a box containing a selection from a col- lection of insects made in New Zealand by Mr. Churton; amongst which were a new genus of Scaritide, a species of Dircea, a new genus near to Metopon, a new genus of Prionid@, a new species of Gryllotalpa, and other new insects. Mr. E. Doubleday exhibited a box containing a series of Lepi- doptera from the same collection, mostly new species ; also a re- markable cocoon of a Lepidopterous insect, probably allied to the Lithosiide, but which much resembled in structure that of Dic- tyopeia Catenaria. This cocoon is of an oval form, composed of delicate silken net, of a rose colour, and is suspended by a long thread from a leaf. The cocoon and perfect insect were sent from Para by Messrs. Wallace and Bates. Mr. Maitland exhibited specimens of Polia Lichenea and Agrotis lunigera, captured near Ventnor. Mr. Bond exhibited specimens of an apparently new Nonagria, and also of Depressaria Angelicella (Hiibn.), and Depressaria sub- propinquella, Stainton: also a specimen of Helothis Armigera, captured near Dorking, September 20th, 1548. Mr. Douglas exhibited specimens of Anacampsis alacella, An. peliella, and An, lentiginosella. Mr. S. Stevens exhibited specimens of Oxypate gelatella, taken in Fulham Fields. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. liii A letter was read from Mr. Walton, communicating a letter from Mr. Carlson, containing a short biography of M. Schénherr. Mr. Carlson states— ‘© 4, Aberdeen Place, Maida Hill, August 4, 1848. ** My dear Sir,—According to your wish I have procured from Sweden a sketch of my late uncle, Mr. Schonherr’s life, which I have translated into English for you, leaving to you to make whatever use of it you think proper. In case you should decide upon publishing it in some periodical, the English requires a little polishing, which I hope you will be kind enough to undertake. ‘One of the sons-in-law of Mr. Schonherr, who is Professor of Theology at the University of Upsala, informs me that he is engaged to publish the life of Mr. Schénherr in the form of a book or pamphlet, which will probably be ready by the end of this year. * The enclosed sketch is taken from a recent publication called ** Biographical Lexicon of celebrated Swedish Men,” to the editor of which Mr. Schénherr himself has given the principal facts, which consequently can be relied upon. * Believe me, my dear sir, yours very faithfully, . W. Cartson, “ To John Walton, Esq. “ Cart JOHAN ScHONHERR. *‘ Born in Stockholm, June 10th, 1772. His father, Christian Schonherr, who died in 1783, was a native of Saxony, who settled in Sweden, where he became a silk manufacturer in the city of Stockholm. After his death the business was carried on by his widow, Louisa Christina Herrman, also a native of Germany, until 1791, when their son Carl Johan, having finished his education, became sole manager of this silk manufactury, which had been established in Stockholm by his father. By great talent and industry Schénherr improved the manufactory very considerably, so that the number of looms in full operation amounted to seventy- two, on which more than 200 hands were employed. In 1802 he was elected Deputy of the Silk-Mercers’ Company, and in 1809 was returned to the Diet as one of the Members for the City of Stock- liv PROCEEDINGS OF THE holm. He retired from business in 1811; and having bought the beautiful estate of Sparresater in Westrogothia, he removed there with his family in 1812. His Majesty, the King of Sweden, made him Counsellor of Commerce in 1812, Knight of the Royal Order of Polar Star in 1829, and Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Wasa in 1846. «« Without any previous instruction, Schénherr began as early as 1784 to collect insects, and became soon intimately acquainted with distinguished Entomologists, particularly Major Gyllenhaal and Professor Quensel, of whom whe latter encouraged him to publish his Synonymia Insectorum” in 1806. What most par- ticularly induced him to undertake this work was the uncertainty and confusion which prevailed in the science of Entomology on account of the different systems and names which had been adopted, and it was his study to point out and arrange the different names and places which in the various Entomological systems had by different authors been given to precisely the same species. This plan was soon enlarged by the publication of more accurate systematic definitions and descriptions of new species. He also made a new and original system for the Curculionides, which now is generally adopted. Linnzus knew only a little more than 100 species of this family, and by the authors who preceded Schoénherr, as Fabricius, Olivier, &c., only 700, or at most 800 species, were described and confusedly put together. This circumstance, in addition to the vast number of new dis- coveries in this branch of Entomology, made it necessary to sys- tematize de novo, which arduous undertaking was performed by Schonherr in his work which has been published by the title ** Genera et Species Curculionidum,” where more than 7000 dif- ferent species have been described, and divided in various groups among 644 new genera. Schonherr spent about thirty years’ incessant labour on this work, during which time he bas kept up a most extensive correspondence with the principal Entomologists, not only in all parts of Europe, but also in Asia and America, who continually communicated to him their discoveries and obser- vations, and many distinguished Entomologists assisted him in special parts of the work, without which assistance it could never have been brought to that state of perfection which it now pos- sesses. By a testamentary disposition Schénherr has presented his rich and beautiful collection of insects, one of the best and most accurately arranged in Europe, to the Royal Society of Stockholm, of which learned body he had been a member since 1809. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lv “* Schonherr distinguished himself also by agricultural pursuits, in cultivating land on his estate, clearing stony ground, draining, &c. He also for a long course of years made experiments to naturalize maize in Sweden. ‘* Schénherr was struck by a fit of apoplexy, which in a few days ended his life on the 28th March, 1848, at his estate of Sparresater. ‘* He was twice married; first in 1795, to Helena Catherina Ferelius (born in London, where her father was minister of the Swedish Church, Princes’ Square, Ratcliff Highway, afterwards Archdeacon in Sweden), by whom he had one son and two daughters; secondly, in 1811, to Benedicta Charlotta Bilbery, daughter of Archdeacon E. Bilbery), by whom he had five daughters. “‘Schénherr was honorary and corresponding member of more than twenty learned and scientific societies in Europe, America and other parts of the world. “‘ His portrait has been twice lithographed. ** Besides his well known Entomological works, Schénherr pub- lished in the Swedish language various essays on agriculture and manufacture.” Mr. E. Doubleday read an extract from a letter he had received from Dr. Schaum announcing the death of Dr. Erichson. A paper by Mr. Westwood, on new species of Cetoniade from India, was read; also A paper by Captain Parry, containing descriptions of some new Coleoptera. This paper was accompanied by a plate presented by the Author; also A paper by Mr. Douglas, on the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. A memoir on the Genera Depressaria and E'xairetia, containing descriptions of nine new species, by Mr. H. T. Stainton, was read. Mr. E. Doubleday remarked, on the subject of the memoirs on Microlepidoptera by Zeller and others, that as yet few genera of nocturnal Lepidoptera have been correctly and clearly charac- terized ; insects of this order having rarely been investigated in the same searching manner that is usual in Coleoptera, Hyme- noptera, and some other orders. He was, however, happy to find that more attention was now bestowed on the characters fur- nished by the palpi, wings and legs. A discussion ensued, in which some of Mr. E. Doubleday’s re- marks were objected to by Messrs. Waterhouse and Douglas as too severe and sweeping. lvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1st January, 1849. W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The President announced that the Council recommended that the following gentlemen be removed from the Council at the ensuing Anniversary, viz., A. Ingpen, Esq.; G. Newport, Esq. ; J. F.S. Parry, Esq.; and J. O. Westwood, Esq. And that the following gentlemen be elected into the Council,. Viz. :— Th. Desvignes, Esq.; H. T. Stainton, Esq.; J. Walton, Esq. ; and G. Waterhouse, Esq. And also that the following gentlemen be elected Officers of the Society for the following year, viz. :— G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President ; W. Yarrell, Esq., Treasurer ; E. Doubleday, Esq.; W. F. Evans, Esq., Secretaries. The following gentlemen were nominated by the President as Auditors, viz. :— J. W. Douglas, Esq. H. T. Stainton, Esq. A. Ingpen, Esq. J. Walton, Esq. W. W. Saunders, Esq. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq. Donations. A very beautiful and valuable collection of Indian insects, col- lected by Mrs. M. Hamilton. Presented by Mrs. M. Hamilton. John Dawson, Esq., of Carron, was elected a subscriber. Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c. Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited a leaf of Eucalyptus, having on it some scale insects of remarkable character. Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited the cocoon and pupa of Oxypate Gelatella, found by Mr. May under the bark of the whitethorn in Fulham Fields. He also read the following letter from Mr. May :— “© 26, Pembroke Place, Vauxhall Bridge Road, December 28, 1848. * Dear Sir,—I have enclosed the cocoon of Oxypate Gelatella, and yesterday again visited the spot where I captured the insects, for the purpose of making a closer observation on their habits ; and the result is nearly the same as I mentioned to you. The ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lvii larve are internal feeders, living principally in the decayed branches of whitethorn, and in a great many instances under the bark of the living stem. The cocoon spun under the bark is cu- riously woven, as you will perceive in the specimen I have sent; it is a little injured by removing it from the tree. “ T am, dear sir, yours truly, ceWie., Mia.” And the following translation of Madame Lienig’s account of the larva, published in the Isis for 1846, which agrees with Freyer’s account and figure of the larva and pupa :—“ The larva lives in May and June on whitethorn, currant bushes, all orchard trees, spireea, barberry, elms and raspberry. It is when young light-white-grey-greenish, with black head and black fore-half of the thorax; legs blackish. When full grown it is light grass- greenish, with whitish long stripes on the back and sides; legs black; the last pair always without knobby thickening. It draws together the leaves intricately, and makes a tubular canal, perhaps an inch long, of white web, which, fast, hard and like net work, is perforated. In this canal it changes to a pupa in captivity. On the slightest touching, the slender very lively larva glides briskly above and below. The pupa, which, after the transformation, is grass-green, becomes later of a brighter grass-green. The insect appears often as early as the beginning of September, after it has laid ten weeks in the pupa, and is very common in the pastorate.” He remarked that the discrepancies in these accounts rendered it doubtful if our insect be identical with Lienig’s and Freyer’s. The President read a letter inserted in the Barbadoes Agri- cultural Reporter of Nov. 8, 1848 (p. 186), from John Davy, Esq., M.D., F.R.S., containing observations on the disease called the ‘ worm,” by which the sweet potatoes (Batatas edulis) grown in that island are attacked. Dr. Davy found in the inte- rior of the potatoes sent him small white hexapod larve, solitary and of various sizes, intermediate between, being barely visible to the naked eye, and a quarter of an inch in length, their full di- mensions. He was not able to detect any ova, probably from their minuteness and similarity to the starch-cells of the root. He also found in the interior of the root a small beetle, apparently the perfect state of the larva, and another in a sound portion of the tuber, with its head included in the substance of the potato, in the act of penetrating it, probably for the purpose of depositing its eggs; and he noticed small holes on the surface, appearing to be the incipient attempts of the beetle to enter the tuber for this purpose. ‘The course of the larva in feeding is marked by neigh- lviii PROCEEDINGS OF THE bouring discoloration, first greenish, afterwards brown, spreading toa distance from the line of perforation, and gradually becoming fainter. The diseased part emits a peculiar odour, characteristic of the taint and reminding him of that of sweet orris root, but is hardly distinguishable by the taste from the sound portion, though seeming to leave a just perceptible acrid after-taste. With regard to remedies for the disease, Dr. Davy found that immersion of the larvz and beetles in lime water was fatal to both in a few hours; and hence he suggests immersing the potatoes beginning to be diseased in this liquid for a sufficient time, and then drying them by exposure to the sun and wind. He also suggests as remedies immersing the diseased potatoes in very dilute sulphuric acid and in a strong brine of salt, after being cut in halves and quarters. The insect confines its attack to the sweet potatoe, not being found either in the yam or eddoe; and the ‘“‘ vine” of the diseased potatoe remains strong and vigorous, being unaffected by the state of the tuber, whose function is not to aid in the growth of the parent plant, but to supply nourish- ment to young ones growing from it. The President stated that the beetle sent by Dr. Davy to the Society is a small species of the vast tribe of Curculionidae, not exactly referable to any of the genera in the collection of the British Museum, with which Mr. Waterhouse has compared it, but were nearly allied to Ceutorhynchus than any other. As it is most probably a new species, it is proposed to call it C. Batate, and its specific character will be given by Mr. Waterhouse. The President also exhibited specimens of a Calandra allied to Cal. Oryz@, which destroys the grain of Sorghum vulgare. Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a box of insects collected at Para by Messrs. Wallace and Bates, containing many rare and valuable specimens. An extract of a letter from Brazil, addressed to Mr. W. F. Evans, on the subject of the luminosity of Fulgora laternaria, was read. The writer, though he had never seen the insect shine, yet be- lieved in its luminosity. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, lix ANNIVERSARY MEETING. 22nd January, 1849. W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The portion of the Bye-Laws of the Society relative to the election of the Council and Officers having been read,— The President announced that since the balloting papers were printed, Mr. Evans had informed the Council that want of leisure would compel him to decline undertaking the office of Secretary, and that the Council recommended that Mr. J. W. Douglas should be elected in his stead. The Auditor’s report was read, and during the ballot the Pre- sident delivered an address, which he was requested to allow to be printed. This he informed the Society he would cause to be done at his own expense for distribution among the members and their friends. The Scrutineers announced that— Th. Desvignes, Esq. J. Walton, Esq. H. T. Stainton, Esq. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq. had been elected into the Council in the room of— A. Ingpen, Esq. J. F.S. Parry, Esq. G. Newport, Esq. J. O. Westwood, Esq. And that the following gentlemen were elected Officers for the ensuing year :-— G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President ; W. Yarrell, Esq., Treasurer ; E. Doubleday, Esq.; J. W. Douglas, Esq., Secretaries. A vote of thanks to the President for his great services to the Society was carried by acclamation. Votes of thanks were given to the Treasurer, the Secretaries and the retiring Members of Council. VOL. V. k Ix PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5th February, 1849. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair. W.S. Dallas, F.L.S., Cloudesley Square, Islington, and J. Lee, Esq., L.L.D., F.R.S., &c., Hartwell House, Aylesbury, were elected members; and G. Bedell, Esq., Kent Road; H. Jobson, Esq., Carron, Stirlingshire ; W. F. Saunders, Esq., East Hill, Wandsworth ; W. Bell, Esq., M.D., Albemarle Street ; were elected subscribers. Exursitions, Memoirs, &c. Mr. White, on behalf of Mr. Whittingham, exhibited a speci- men of Velleius dilatatus found by that gentleman at the root of a tree near Wanstead. Mr. Westwood exhibited a larva, supposed to be that of Velleius dilatatus, and also the larve of some species of Volucella, of which numerous specimens had been found by Professor Henslow in a hornet’s nest. Mr. Westwood exhibited drawings of a new genus of Aphide, which he proposed to call Smynthurodes Bete, having found them living in small communities on the roots of the common beet in January last. Mr. H. T. Stainton exhibited specimens of the true Cucullia Lactuce, which had been sent to Mr. Doubleday by M. A. Pierret ; and he pointed out that they were clearly distinct from the variety of Cucullia umbratica, which had been called by this name in England. Mr. Douglas exhibited living larve of one of the Tineide, found feeding on the dried poppy leaves in a chest of opium; also spe- cimens of what probably is the perfect insect of these larve. He also exhibited a specimen of Gl@ea erythrocephala, (var. glabra, Duponchel,) taken last autumn by H. Cooke, Esq., of Brighton, being the first instance of its occurrence in England. Capt. Parry exhibited, on behalf of Turner, Esq., of Manchester, the specimen of Goliathus mentioned last year by Dr. Schaum at the August meeting. A communication was read from C. A. Wilson, Esq., of Ade- Jaide, announcing that he sent a collection of insects from that place to the Society, and also containing many interesting remarks on their economy. Mr. Gould mentioned that, in Australia, a species of Coccus was the principal food of one of the Platycerci. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lx Mr. White exhibited a remarkable spider’s nest brought from Jamaica by Mr. Gosse, which was very interesting, as serving both for the receptacle for the eggs and the residence of the female. A paper by Mr. Dallas, on some new Hemiptera from Bhotan, was read. Mr. W. W. Saunders read a monograph of the genus Lrycina, containing descriptions of many new species, and illustrated by two plates, which he presented to the Society. 5th March, 1849. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair., H. F. Farr, Esq., Park Lane, Bath ; J. H. Vaughan, Esq., Red Land, Bristol, and W. J. Wild, Esq., Herne Hill, Camberwell, were elected members; and H. Cooke, Esq., 183, Western Road, Brighton ; G. Ingall, Esq., 81, High Street, Borough ; Thos. Ingall, Esq., 16, Park Road, Stockwell Park ; A. Maitland, Esq., ‘Torrington Place, Torrington Square ; were elected subscribers. Exuripitions, Memotrs, &c. Mr. Westwood informed the meeting that the vacancy at the Berlin Museum, caused by the lamented death of Dr. Erichson, had been filled up by the appointment of a local Entomologist, whose name was all but unknown to science. Mr. Westwood added, that he was sure that all present who knew Dr. Schaum would lament that he had been passed over in the appointment to a place for which his great talents so eminently fitted him. Mr. Westwood read a letter from W. Atkinson, Esq., on the subject of a larva which had done very great damage by destroy- ing the corks of wine bottles, which Mr. Atkinson appeared to consider Coleopterous, but which Mr. Westwood considered to be identical with those exhibited by Mr. E. Doubleday last year, which proved to be those of Gracillaria V. flava. Mr. Bedell remarked, that though Gracillaria V. flava is very common in wine vaults, he had always considered that the food of its larvee was not the wine corks, but a fungus. The President remarked, that he had found Trogosita Maurita- nica feeding on cork. Mr. Westwood exhibited drawings of a remarkable insect which k .2 )xii PROCEEDINGS OF THE »* had done much mischief to peach trees in forcing houses. It was a small Aphis-like insect, probably in the pupa state, enclosed in a cottony cocoon. It had, apparently, no mouth; in this respect resembling the males of Coccus. Nothing similar, he remarked, had yet been observed amongst the Aphide, whose pupe were always active, and formed no cocoon. Mr. E. Doubleday remarked, that Mr. Ingall had some time since pointed out that the males of Lachnus Quercus had no mouth. Mr. Bond exhibited a collection of insects formed on the Bun- darra River, about 400 miles from Sydney, in which Mr. Westwood pointed out some fine Pambori, two new species of Carenum, a new species of Cerapterus, a new genus of Helopide, and many other new or rare species. Mr. White exhibited a specimen of a Cerapterus from Port Natal, resembling C. Smithiz, but wanting the white spot on the elytra. Mr. Westwood read a paper on a new genus of Helopide, for which he proposed the name of Prophanes; also descriptions of two new species of Carenum. 2nd April, 1849. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair. DonaTIONs. Entomologische Zeitung, for 1848. Presented by the Ento-~ mological Society of Stettin. The Athenzeum parts for 1848, as far as September. Pre- sented by the Editor. Four Volumes of the Transactions of the Literary and Philo- sophical Society of Liverpool. Presented by that Society. A most valuable Collection of Insects from Adelaide, South Australia. Presented by C. A. Wilson, Esq. A Collection of British Lepidoptera. Presented by H. T. Stainton, Esq. Edward Newman, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Hanover Street, Rye Lane, Peckham, and S. J. Wilkinson, Esq., of London, were elected members; and James L. Michael, Esq., Red Lion Square, London ; Mrs. Vines, Lyndhurst, Hants; J. P. G. Smith, Esq., Liverpool ; John F. Burton, Esq., Lincoln ; Nicholas Cooke, Esq., Warrington ; were elected subscribers. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixiil Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c. Mr. Westwood read descriptions of two new genera of Coleop- tera, for which he proposed the names of Erichsonia Dentifrons and Cossyphodes Wollastonii; also descriptions of some new Indian Hemiptera. Mr. H. T. Stainton read an Inquiry from Herr Zeller on the subject of the P. Cinaia of Linné, some doubts having been raised as to its identity with our Melitea Cinzia. Mr. Stainton stated that he had examined the specimen in the Linnzean Cabinet, which is the species known to us as Melitea Cinxia, the P. Delia of the Wiener Verzeichniss, and which still retains the label of Linné. Mr. J. W. Douglas stated that he had recently been informed by Mr. Doubleday that he had bred last year the rare Phoxopteris upupana of Treitschke; and that Mr. B. Standish had last year captured at Leith Hill the true P. Sauciana of Hubner. Mr. J. F. Stephens exhibited a living specimen of Pyg@ra Bucephala sent to him by Mr. Doubleday. -This specimen was one of several which had been found last week at Epping, and had been sent to him by Mr. Doubleday as a remarkable instance of the early occurrence of the insect, the general time for its appearance being June. Mr. Westwood called the attention of the meeting to a specimen of the rare Cerapterus Macleayw, which was amongst the insects presented by Mr. Wilson; this species, though figured by Dono- van some forty years ago, not having since occurred. 7th May, 1849. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair. M. Chevrolat, Vice-President of the Entomological Society of France, was present at the meeting. DoNaATIONS. A cabinet of seventy-four drawers. Presented by F. Bond, Esq. Generum et Specierum Curculionidum Catalogus. By M. H. Jekel. Presented by the Author. Two Copies of a Systematic Catalogue of the British Tincidz and Pterophoride. By H. T. Stainton, Esq. Presented by the Author. Ixiv PROCEEDINGS OF THE The Athenzum, from October, 1848, to April, 1849, inclusive. Presented by the Editor. Du Systéme Nerveux chez les Invertébrés dans ses Rapports avec la Classification de ces Animaux. Par M. Emile Blanchard. Presented by the Author. . Gear, Esq., 19, Oxford Square, Hyde Park ; . S. Gregson, Esq., Liverpool ; . B. Labrey, Esq., Manchester ; .H. Allis, Esq., York ; . Brown, Esq., Burton-on-Trent ; . F. Logan, Esq., Duddingstone ; . Ransome, Esq., F. L. S., F. Z. S., Ipswich ; were elected subscribers; and Herr Zeller of Glogau was elected an Honorary Member in the room of C. J. Schonherr, deceased. QreHmAanRaARD Memoirs, Exursitions, &c. Mr. S. Stevens exhibited the section of a stem of a thistle, showing the pupz of Oncocera Cardui embedded in the pith on which the larve feed. Mr. Stainton exhibited, on behalf of Mr. T. H. Allis, a box containing many specimens of Microlepidoptera from the collection of Haworth. These specimens had enabled him to correct some errors and toclear up many doubts in regard to some of Haworth’s species. Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited some larve of a species of Por- rectaria on the leaves of Ballota nigra, the parenchyma of which they eat, leaving the cuticle, thus giving the foliage a blotched appearance. These larve inhabit cases of a black colour formed by them from portions of the leaves, enlarging them from time to time as their growth requires it. Mr. Douglas stated that in the place where he had found these larvee he had last year found Porrectaria lineola, Steph., in pro- fusion, and he supposed that these might be the larvz of that species. He also exhibited a specimen of Aphelosetia rufocinerea, Steph., reared from a pupa which he had found last March in a web on the stem of the common dock at New Brighton. He considered this fact interesting, as giving a clue to the history of a species about whose habits nothing was known, and which, though com- mon in England, seemed unknown on the Continent. Mr. Hogg exhibited a portion of a very large nest of the com- ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lxv mon wasp, Vespa vulgaris, found in the roof of his house at Nor- ton, Durham. From its enormous size Mr. Hogg was induced to think that it must have been the work of more than one season. Mr. Dallas read a paper, accompanied by a figure, on a new Hemipterous genus, for which he proposed the name of Urochela. Mr. J. W. Douglas read a continuation paper on the genus Gelechia of Zeller. Mr. Westwood called the attention of the Society to the de- scriptions and notices which he had published in his Introduction and in the Journal of the Proceedings of this Society for July, 1847, of a minute but singular Hymenopterous insect, parasitic in the nests of mason bees and wasps, to which he had applied the name of Melittobia Audouini, having at the same meeting exhibited specimens of the insect and drawings of the structural details. The facts and characters given in these notices were sufficient, he said, to identify the insect and to distinguish it from every known species of the family to which it belongs. Notwithstanding this Mr. Newport, who was present at that meeting, had recently read a memoir on the same insect before the Linnean Society, and had given it the name of Anthophorabia retusa, the description of which, however, communicated by Mr. Newport to and published in the Gardener’s Chronicle of the 24th of March last, was per- fectly unintelligible, six out of nine of the characters being erro- neous. The following Mr. Westwood considered to be the essen- tial characters of the genus, which belongs to the Chalcidide. «* Antenne maris 9-articulatz, articulo 1mo maximo, subtus ad apicem excavato; articulis 4to, 5to, et Gto minimis: foeminz sim- plices 8 articulate, articulis, in utroque sexu, apicalibus clavam ovalem formantibus. Mas omnino cecus. Foemina oculis ocel- lisque instructa. Ale maris abbreviate, foeminz magnitudinis ordinariz, alze vena ordinaria Eulophorum typicorum instructa. Tarsi 4-articulati. ; ** Habitat parasitica in nidis apum caementoriarum.” Mr. Westwood added, that in the report of the proceedings of the Linnean Society of May Ist (in the Gardener’s Chronicle of the 6th instant), Mr. Newport was made to state that he (Mr. Westwood) had mistaken the antenne of the larve of the Jchneu- monide for ocelli, the fact being that although De Geer had de- scribed these dark points as eyes, Mr. Westwood having in view the structure of the head in the larvee of the saw flies, which have both eyes and ocelli, and of the aculeate Hymenoptera having neither, had expressly guarded himself from determining their nature, and had simply said that they resembled eyes. Ixvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4th June, 1849. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair. DonaTIONs. The Transactions of the Zoological Society, Vol. 3, part 6; and the Proceedings of that Society to December, 1848. By the Zoological Society. The following gentlemen were balloted for and elected :— Francis Swanzy, Esq., of Dix Cove, as Corresponding Member ; Joseph William Dunning, Esq., as Member; and W. Michael, Esq., as Subscriber. Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c. A letter from Mr. Westwood to the President was read, stating that after an attendance of five days at the Police Court, and four days at the Old Bailey, he had succeeded in recovering the draw- ings and coloured patterns of plates stolen from the Society’s rooms, and now restored them to the Society. The thief, he added, had been transported for fourteen years. A unanimous vote of thanks was passed to Mr. Westwood for the trouble he had taken in this matter. Mr. Westwood brought for distribution specimens of Jlythia sociella, which he had reared from the pupz. He exhibited a mass of cocoons of this species which had fallen out of a tree, and remarked that these coverings were double, each one having a lining, and that they were open at one end. Mr. Westwood also exhibited specimens of Ptinus hololeucus, received from Mr. Hart of Knightsbridge, who found them in open jars attached to his galvanic battery, in which a strong solu- tion of silica was operated on by a galvanic current for a lengthened period, and Mr. Hart thought that their presence was due to galvanic agency. Several members stated that they had seen these beetles in houses in London, and there did not appear to be any ground for Mr. Hart’s opinion. Mr. Westwood stated that Acarus Crossei, whose appearance had been believed to be due to galvanism, had been produced without galvanic power, as recorded in the Gardener’s Chronicle long since. Mr. Weir exhibited a collection of Lepidoptera, taken within the previous month near Tunbridge Wells, including some rare Tinee ; also a Lobophora polycommata, found near Lewes on the 4th of May. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixvil Mr. Moore exhibited some eggs found on the feathers of birds in the aviaries at Knowsley. They appeared to belong to some unknown parasite on birds. Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a fine bred specimen of Hypena crassalis ; the larva had fed on Vaccinium Myrtillus. Mr. Douglas exhibited specimens of Coccyx Strobilana, L., and read a note of their habits as follows :—- “ Early in May last year Messrs. Shepherd and Waring took this species for the first time in this country in a fir plantation a mile and a half beyond Croydon. I made several expeditions to the place in the hope of getting it, but without success, until on the 19th of May last year I saw it flying in plenty round the tops of the spruce-firs in the hot sunshine, between the hours of ten and one, and not afterwards; but I could only capture one occa- sionally, as it descended within reach. Later in the day I beat the trees all round without obtaining one, hence I conclude that it remains and breeds in the higher branches. Mr. H. Doubleday considers, and I think correctly, that this species is the true Tinea Strobilella of Linné. Tortrix Strobilana of Haworth is the same as Pseudotomia fraternana of Stephens, and the Coccyx splendidu- lana of Guénée. It resembles the present species, but is smaller, has not so many metallic markings, and is found on oaks.” Mr. Douglas also exhibited a specimen of Retinia Turionana (Tinea Turionella, L.), a species very rare in this country, taken by him from a Scotch fir at Wickham wood on the 27th of May. He also showed a specimen of Micropteryx Allionella, Fab. ( Tinea Ammanella, Hiib.), a species that appeared to be more common in the north than in the south of England. Mr. Shepherd exhibited a remarkable variety of Arctia villica, and specimens of Coccyx Strobilana, which he had reared from cones of spruce fir, one of which he showed. The larve had fed in the centre, changed to pupze about two inches from the apex, and when ready to emerge in the perfect state these had worked their way to the exterior along the tube they had previously formed. Mr. Stephens said the larvae, pupe, and cone were figured in Ledermiiller’s “* Mikroskopischke Gemuths und Augen Ergobung,” vol. ii. tab. Ixiv., published in 1762. Mr. Westwood read descriptions of two new exotic Coleoptera. The Secretary read a paper by Mr. Th. Desvignes on Macrus and Coleocentrus,—two of Gravenhorst’s subgenera of Zchneumons ; and exhibited two specimens taken by Mr. Th. Desvignes at Vienna. Mr. Waterhouse submitted to the meeting his descriptions of VOL. V. ] Ixvill PROCEEDINGS OF THE two insects which had been placed in his hands for examination by Mr. Spence. These insects were sent to Mr. Spence by Dr. Davy, from the island of Barbados, where, according to the gentleman last mentioned, they do considerable mischief,—the one (to which the name of T7ricorynus Zee is here applied) attack- ing the grain of the common maize; the other (Cryptorhynchus Batate) attacking the tubers of the sweet potatoe. The small, white, hairy larva of the former insect lives in the grain of the maize, precisely similar to a Bruchus larva, a habit in which the Tricorynus Zee differs much from its allies, the species of Dor- catoma and Anobium. Genus TricoryNnus. Antenne ten-jointed ; basal joint large (as long as the six fol- lowing joints taken together), and dilated at the apex ; second joint short, obconic ; third, and four following joints, small, and nearly cylindrical; the third is about equal in length and breadth, the others transverse; three terminal joints large, and much dilated, on the inner side, the last joint elongated, rounded at the apex, and gradually contracted in width towards the opposite ex- tremity ; the two preceding joints nearly triangular. Pa/pi short, with the terminal joint somewhat dilated at the extremity, and truncated. Legs and tarsi simple; the tarsi small, short, 5-jointed ; the basal joint the largest, the remaining joints successively smaller ; claws minute. Head large, bent downwards; eyes nearly round, being but indistinctly emarginated in front. Thorax transverse, trisinuated behind; posterior angles rounded; the anterior sub- acute. 5 pat | Tricorynus Zee. Brown, or pitchy black, imperfectly covered with an exceed- ingly fine ashy pubescence ; antennz and legs pitchy red; thorax transverse, posteriorly equal to the elytra in width, anteriorly much contracted ; elytra rather longer than broad; the basal half with the sides parallel, the apical portion rounded ; two or three faint striz are observable near the lateral margin of each elytron, beyond this there is no sculpturing. Length 1# to 2 lines. This insect greatly resembles certain species of Dorcatoma in most of its characters, but differs in having ten, instead of nine, joints to the antenna; it is rather larger than the Ochina ptinoides, and is proportionately broader, and not quite so convex. M. Chevrolat, to whom I exhibited this insect, said he thought it was identical with Dejean’s Dorcatoma Muserum. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. ]xix Cryptorhynchus Batate. Cr. oblongo-ovatus, nigro-piceus, squamosus, supra spinulis erectis nigris et pallidis obsitus; rostro brevi, crasso, arcuato, ruguloso-punctato, carinato; dhorace rugoso-punctato, setis (ple- rumque nigris) obsito, postice squamulis flavidis marginato, dorso linea, punctisque parvulis, albis, notato; elytrzs ocellato-punctato- striatis, interstitiis fere planis, fusco, nigro, alboque variegatis, plaga communi, transversa, sordidé alba, subapicali, ornatis ; JSemoribus indistinctée dentatis ; scuted/o minutissimo. Long. corp. 2 lin. Hab. Barbados. This is a minute species of Cryptorhynchus, and differs some- what from the type of the genus—if we regard the Cr. Lapathi as such—though not sufficiently, as it appears to me, to require removal from that section. Its form is more elongated, and its scutellum is so minute as to require the aid of a strong lens to detect it; the insect nevertheless has well developed wings: the rostrum is stouter, and subdepressed, and is inserted in a very deep rostral groove, which terminates between the coxz of the anterior pair of legs; the scape of the antenne is shorter and stouter, the basal joint of the funiculus is also stouter, the second joint is of an elongate obconic form, the remaining joints are also obconic, but very short; the club is tolerably developed, and of a short ovate form; the femora are rather less stout, and very indistinctly toothed beneath. ‘The head is covered chiefly with pale scales, but has two black spots; the thorax is rather broader than long, rather suddenly contracted in width from the middle to the fore part, and with the lateral margins of the hinder half nearly parallel, being very slightly rounded ; the upper surface is densely beset with short, stiff, erect bristles, which are most of them black, but some few are white, and are aggregated in parts so as to form small spots and a white mesial line; the hinder margin is clothed with orange-yellow scales, and these form a small spot near the scutellum. The elytra are more than three times the length of the thorax, and about half as wide again, the humeral angle is rounded, the sides nearly parallel, except towards the apex, where they are rather suddenly con- tracted, and obtusely rounded: they are covered with scales, some of which are dirty white, others brown, and others black, producing a variegated appearance ; in each of the tolerably large punctures of the strize is a white scale: on the fourth interstice from the su- ture is a small white spot, which is rather more conspicuous than Ixx PROCEEDINGS OF THE others ; it is situated above the middle of the elytron, and at a short distance from the apex of the elytra is a conspicuous trans- verse dirty white patch, in which is a waved black line. Besides the scales there are scattered dark and pale hairs on the elytra. On the under parts of the insect are scattered pale scales. The limbs are clothed with setiform scales, most of which are pale. Mr. Bond said, that he wished to put collectors on their guard, as a dealer was selling pupe of Deilephila Galu as British, which there was good reason to believe had been imported from the continent. July 2, 1849. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair. DownatTIONs. On the Animals still found in a living State in the Stomachs of Oysters. By the Rev. J. B. Reade. Presented by the Author. Observations on the Application of Electricity, Galvanism and Electro-Magnetism, as Auxiliaries to Medicine and Surgery; and On the Closure or Obstruction of the Eustachian Tube. Both presented by the Author, Mr. Wright. Five of the publications of the Société de Physique et des Sciences Naturelles, of Lyons. Presented by that Society. A large collection of Java insects, from Mrs. Hofland, of Java. Presented through Wm. Spence, Esq. The thanks of the Society were given to the respective donors. James B. Ellman, of Rye, R. A. Ogilvie, of London, James Bladon, of Pont-y-Pool, and G. M. Salt, of Shrewsbury, Esqrs., were balloted for and elected Subscribers. Exursitions, Memoirs, &c. Mr. Weir exhibited specimens of Gelechia Lappella, bred from burdock heads; Antithesia Capreana, reared from sallow leaves ; and Sericoris signatana, which appeared in a cage containing leaves from several plants. Mr. Douglas observed, that the breeding of G. Lappella was particularly interesting, inasmuch as a doubt had arisen whether this species—which was identical with Recurvaria ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xxi silacea of Haworth and the Cleodora silacella of Stephens — was the same as R. silacea, var. 3. of Haworth (Cleodora falciformis of Stephens, G. paucipunctella of Zeller); and as Mr. Weir had reared but this one species from burdock heads, and the observa- tions of continental Entomologists, as communicated by Herr Zeller, went to prove that Lappella and paucipunctella were distinct spe- cies, the opinion of Mr. Stainton that they were not different was erroneous. Mr. Stainton said he was convinced, and withdrew what he himself had called his ‘ bold assertion.” Mr. Wing exhibited specimens of Depressaria conterminella, bred from osier leaves. Mr. W. Michael exhibited a fine Deilephila Euphorbie taken at Caen Wood on the 22nd June. Mr. S. Stevens exhibited several species of Lepidoptera taken about St. Osyth, in Essex, including an apparently new Lozotenia ; also several species found on the coast beyond Southend, including Gelechia pictella and a new Psyche,—the same as found in the Isle of Sheppy by Mr. Ingall, and which Mr. Newman had proposed to call retiella. Mr. Stainton exhibited a species of Tineide new to Britain, (Nepticula argyropeza of Zeller,) taken near Sheffield, and an Aichmia from West Wickham wood. He also exhibited, from the collection of Mr. Allis, Argyresthia Sorbiella, taken on mountain ash, and a new Tinea allied to masculella. Mr. Bond exhibited some Coleopterous Jarvee which had caused great destruction among the tares, at Newton, in Cambridgeshire. He also said a specimen of Nascia citialis had been found in the same locality,—a species which had remained unique since first taken by the Rev. G. Blunt, many years since. Mr. Westwood exhibited four species of Pausside from Port Natal; also an Elater from Italy, brought thence by Mr. Fortnum, who had remarked quantities of males attracted to and flying round a female, after the manner of Bombyces. The President had once observed several males of Ptenicerus sanguinicollis, fully developed, under the bark of a tree, but not one female was visible, until he found some deep in the wood, and which, although mature, not having emerged into activity, the males appeared to be waiting for. Mr. Westwood exhibited a piece of pound-cake infested to the centre with Myrmica domestica, and it was remarkable that at this season, when swarms of winged females appeared, all those herein were apterous. Mr. Westwood also exhibited a box containing a collection of Ixxil PROCEEDINGS OF THE anglers’ flies, arranged according to the times of their appearance. It was interesting to find that the ‘gray drake” and “ green drake” were but sexes of one species, and to be able to identify the species of the ‘stone flies.” Mr. Westwood showed some flies and their eggs, part of a cluster of sixty or seventy found in a tuft of hawthorn, about twelve miles from Derby, and sent to him by Mr. Spencer, who had remarked that each fly seemed to remain as a protector over the eggs it had deposited. They were identified as Atheryx Ibis. A letter to Mr. Westwood, from Colonel Hearsey, now in India, was read, detailing, among other interesting matters, some ento- mological observations that his constant occupation with military duties had not hindered him from making. The following observations on the influence of slight changes of temperature on butterflies, by John Davy, Esq., M.D., F.R.S., &c., in a letter addressed to W. Spence, Esq., were read :— «« Lesketh How, Ambleside, June 16th, 1849. “¢ My dear Sir,—It was from you I learnt that no exact ther- mometrical observations had yet been published on the degrees of temperature at which hybernating insects, or those having pro- perties analogous, pass from a torpid to an active state, and consequently, that a record of any such observations, made with exactness, would not be devoid of interest. “The observations which I have hitherto made on this subject have been chiefly confined to two species of butterfly, viz. Vanessa Urtice and Io. ‘These I shall briefly relate. ‘“ The first-named butterfly I found active within doors in a window on the 18th of last March, when the weather was unsually mild for the season. It was in untarnished beauty, as if fresh from its puparium. It was placed in a thin glass vessel, and lightly covered with paper, so as to prevent its flight, and yet allow of a sufficient access of air. ‘Thus confined, it was put into a dark cupboard, the temperature of which, even when there was a fire in the room, was below 60° Fahrenheit. It remained alive about a month, and during that time it was observed almost daily, and occasionally oftener,—two or three times in the same day, and its place changed. The following are the only notes that were taken down, showing the effects of changes of temperature, in rendering it ac- tive from being torpid, and vice versd. ‘«* April 11th.—Since first taken it has been found torpid at 58°, as if dead, showing no indications of life even when shaken; at 64°, or thereabouts, it has become active, and that even when ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxili brought from darkness into an obscure light,—the mere degree of light, apart from heat, seeming to have little effect: replaced where the temperature was about 58°, and observed an hour or two afterwards, it was found to have resumed its torpid state. * April 14,—Found it standing, risen from having been recum- bent on its side, but not active ; temperature of the dark cupboard then 59°. “ April 18.—At 60° it was torpid: it seemed indeed dead, and showed no signs of life till the temperature was raised to about 75° by placing it on a stove; after a few minutes at this tempera- ture it exhibited marks of languid life, by a tremulous motion and partial opening of its wings. Two days later it was found dead. ** Another butterfly of the same kind was found active on the 28th of April, at a temperature of 62°. It became torpid at 56°. “* May Ist.—It was found torpid at 58°; it became active at 63°, On the following day it was not roused by a temperature of 95°; it was dead. «A Vanessa Jo was found torpid on a garden walk, when the temperature on the 29th of April (the morning of the day on which it was found) must have been below 40°; was placed under the same circumstances for observation. “On the 2nd of May it was torpid at 59°: after ten minutes at 66° it became active. “ May 4th.—Torpid at 62° in the dark; after a few minutes’ exposure to a temperature of 67° in light it became active. “ May 11th.—Torpid at 57°; slightly active at 63°; became again torpid by a reduction of temperature to about 60°. “ May 13th.—Torpid at 57°; on exposure to a dull light at 61° it rose on its feet, before recumbent on its side, showing when thus standing only slight marks of vitality ; yet ina few minutes, after gently touching its antennz, and breathing on it, it became pretty active. “* May 15th.—Torpid at 58° in the dark; became active in a few minutes at 62° in a dull light, the sky being overcast. Two days after it was found dead at a temperature of 59°, its wings expanded, seeming to denote that it had not died in a torpid state. “In describing the above observations I have used the word torpid rather than a state of sleep, from the belief that the butter- flies, the subjects of them, were, when motionless, not under the influence of sleep, but of that kind of torpor to which certain animals are subject in their hybernating condition,—one in which the vital functions are all but suspended, and in consequence the Ixxiv PROCEEDINGS OF THE corporeal waste is very small,—permitting retention of life without the use of food,—the object, no doubt, for which the hybernating faculty is by nature intended. All that came under my notice in the instances of these butterflies seemed to accord with this view, such as the rapid transition from activity of organs to rest, and that so perfect, as to simulate death on reduction of a few degrees of temperature ; and the length of time life was sustained without the support of food, that is, compared with the time insects of the same family live at a high and uniform temperature in a state not of torpor, when confined and deprived of food: thus, in Barbados, butterflies so confined I have commonly found dead in two or three days. * It is my intention, if leisure and opportunities permit, to pro- secute the subject further, and to make some experiments on the effects of gasses not capable of supporting life on such insects which seem to have the power of hybernating. Should the results be at all decisive, I shall have pleasure in communicating them to you, to dispose of like the present, as you may think best. “ T am, my dear Sir, Yours very truly, J. Davy.” 6th August, 1849. J. F. Stephens, Esq., F.L.S., Vice-President in the Chair, DonatIoNs. A quantity of interesting insects of India, collected and pre- sented by Captain Hutton. A specimen of Sirex gigas, found boring in wood. Presented by Mr. Lamb, Hurstbourne Park, Whitchurch, Hants. Six specimens of Lixus angustatus, from Hastings, and Har- palus tardus ? from near Northampton. Presented by the Rev. Hamlet Clark. A Memoir on the Circulation in the Larve of Insects, by M. Verloren, Docteur-en-Sciences, Utrecht. Presented by the Author. Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists’ Field-Club, vol. i. part 3. Presented by the Club. Nya Svenska Homoptera beskrifna, af Carl H. Boheman, Presented by the Author. = ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxv Entomologische Zeitung, February to June. Presented by the Entomological Society of Stettin. The Zoologist, January to June. Presented by Edward New- man, Esq. Nine portraits of living naturalists. Presented by G. Ransome, Esq., Ipswich. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, vol. x. part 1. Presented by that Society. The thanks of the Society were returned for these presents to the respective Donors. F. Barlow, Esq., of Cambridge, was elected a Subscriber. Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c. Mr. Bond exhibited Chilo gigantellus, W. V. (punctigerellus, Steph.), Chilo mucronellus, Nascia cilialis, Zeuzera Arundinis, male, Harpalyce sagittata, and an unknown Eupithecia, all taken in the fens of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire. Mr. Shepherd exhibited some rare Lepidoptera from Yaxley, including Zeuzera Arundinis, female, Recurvaria falciformis of Haworth, Tinea Monachella, and several new or rare species of Micro- Lepidoptera ; also Lithosia pygmeola, taken at Deal. Mr. Samuel Stevens exhibited several interesting Tortrices and Tinee, taken near London, or bred from larvee; the latter mostly found on sallows at Wimbledon Common. Mr. Smith exhibited a collection of Hymenoptera, taken near London, including Allantus dispar, Melecta Atropos, all the four British species of Saropode@, and Miscophus bicolor, male ; also five specimens of Osmia pilicornis—the new species described by Mr. Smith—from Birch Wood. Mr. Westwood exhibited the larve of a Proctotrupes, found parasitic in the larva of a Harpalus. Mr. Douglas exhibited a collection of Lepidoptera he had taken near Weymouth, in July, including Pamphila Acteon from the Burning Cliff, Margaritia longipedalis, Gelechia obsoletella, ¥.v. R., and Homeosoma nimbella? near Sandsfoot Castle; also Margaritia asinalis, M. flavalis, M. ochrealis, Emmelesia rusticata, Ptycho- poda degeneraria (two), Pempelia carnella, Gelechia cinerella, and other rarities from the Isle of Portland. Mr. Westwood exhibited some interesting insects received from M. Reich, including several rarities from New Holland, and three new Pausside from Africa. VOL, V. m Ixxvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE Mr. S. Saunders exhibited insects from Greece and Albania, including a new genus of Strepsipltera parasitic upon a species of Hyleus, being the first instance known of this genus of bees being so affected. Mr. Saunders stated that he kept a specimen of Parmena fasciata alive for two months without food. Mr. S. Stevens exhibited Hectera Esmeralda, which he had received from Mr. Wallace, now at Para. A paper on two new exotic Hymenoptera, with figures of the insects, by Mr. Smith, was read. Notes by Captain Hutton, on some of the insects sent by him to the Society, were read. Mr. Westwood mentioned that the Rev. F. W. Hope had pre- sented his library and collections to the University of Oxford, in aid of the movement now making by the University to encourage the study of the natural sciences. 3rd September, 1849. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair. Donations. Entomologische Zeitung, for July; by the Entomological So- ciety of Stettin. The Zoologist, July to September. By Edward Newman, Esq. Reports of the Smithsonian Institution, to January, 1849, and vol. i. of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. By the Smithsonian Institution. Reports of the Council and Auditors of the Zoological Society. By that Society. Six specimens of Peronea permutana. By C.8. Gregson, Esq., by whom they were captured at New Brighton, Cheshire. The thanks of the Society were given to the respective Donors. Henry Ingall, Esq., Glengall Grove, Old Kent Road, was elected a Subscriber. Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c. Mr. 8. Stevens exhibited some rare insects taken at Dover and Deal, including Gelechia Neuropterella, Lixus bicolor (alive) from ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxvil the sand-hills, and Choragus Sheppardi from dead wood in hedges ; also Sitaris humeralis, found on the wall of his own garden at Hammersmith, Mr. F. Smith exhibited some cells apparently formed of clay, made by Geotrupes stercorarius. Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens of a species of Aphis, which he had described in the Gardener’s Chronicle under the name of Pemphigus Lactuce. It had recently destroyed whole beds of lettuces, in various parts of England, by feeding on the roots of the plants. He also exhibited a living Sirex Juvencus, and noticed its bold attitude when disturbed, likewise the adaptation of its limbs for progressive motion in a cylindrical burrow. He also exhibited a piece of wood with several of the burrows formed by this species, a specimen of which just developed was seen-in one of them; in another burrow was a living larva; specimens of Sirex gigas had been produced from the same piece of wood, which was forwarded by Mr. Lamb from Hampshire. He also exhibited specimens of Scleroderma, male, with drawings and dissections, from which and the observations of 8. Saunders, Esq., by whom they were captured in Albania, it was proved that the insects, doubtfully described by Mr, Westwood in the second volume of the Entomological Society’s Transactions as the males of Scleroderma, do not belong to that genus. He likewise showed specimens of the rare Australian Paragia tricolor (from his own collection), described by Mr. Smith at the August meeting, upon the relation of which to the aberrant Vespid@ he made some ob- servations. Also specimens, with drawings and dissections, of two species of a new Australian genus of bees allied to Colletes and Hylus (from his own collection), one species of which Mr. F. Smith stated was in the collection of the British Museum, from which collection he had described it. Also a larva of one of the larger Harpalide, which had been destroyed by the larve of a parasitic Proctotrupes, about thirty of which had burst out of its body in various parts, and had then become naked pupz, attached by the extremity of their bodies to their dead victim. Mr. Shepherd exhibited a living larva of Anesychia dodecea, from Darenth Wood; also Crambus aridellus, female, Oncocera lotella, Depressaria nanatella, and other rare Lepidoptera, from Deal. Mr. Stainton read a paper “On the Laws regulating Entomo- logical Nomenclature,” of which the following is an extract :-— ‘In nomenclature it is of the greatest importance that entomo- logists be unanimous, for if each one choose to call one insect by m 2 Ixxvill PROCEEDINGS OF THE a different name, and persist in so calling it, what an endless con- fusion must arise! “Let us examine a little what are the fundamental laws of entomological nomenclature. «I, The name first given to an insect by printed publication is always that which is to be retained. «As a general law this is not denied; indeed it is the funda- mental rule in all branches of Natural History; but there are certain exceptions raised to this rule by some Lepidopterologists. “Ist. That a name, if erroneously given or ungrammatically constructed, may be amended or changed. “2nd. That no two species of the same main group should bear the same specific name. “3rd. That the name of a Geometra must end in aria, of a Pyralis in alis, of a Tortrix in ana, of a Tinea in ella. ‘“‘ We will examine these three exceptions seriatim. “Ist. d name, if erroneously given or ungrammatically con- structed, may be amended or changed. ‘‘ Thus, as the Linnean 7inea Padella does not feed on Prunus padus, and another allied species does feed on it, two eminent German Lepidopterologists have conceived themselves at liberty to change its name, and while one calls it agnatella, the other calls it variabilis. Herein both are manifestly wrong; and I be- lieve all Entomologists will agree with me, that to change a name because it is iIncorrect,—whether, as in this instance, from its implying a habit which the insect does not possess,—whether from its not possessing some peculiar termination,—or whether from its being erroneously or ungrammatically constructed,—is to enter an interminable waste of complexity ; for how are persons to be persuaded to agree as to what constitutes an incorrectness ? The meaning or formation of a name is of incomparably less im- portance than the acceptance of the name itself, the change of a name being a greater evil than the currency of one erroneously or ungrammatically constructed. * 2nd. No two species in the same main group should bear the same specific name. “7 ask why? and am told it creates confusion. Are, then, Lepidopterists so much more subject to be confused by repetition of names than students in other branches of Natural History? In Botany have we not, for instance, an alpina in numberless genera? and is it not simpler for the memory to retain this name than if we had a different specific name in each genus, intended to desig- nate an alpine habitat for the plant? And turning to insects, how =“ ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxix often in Coleoptera do brevipes, rufipes, &c., occur in the same main groups! ‘Yet it creates confusion to have a Peronea rufana and a Car- pocapsa rufana, and the Jatter must change its name and become Westnoodiana! How do we know it will retain that name? Perchance, before the publication of that name, a Lepidopterist in New York, Sydney, Calcutta or Kamschatka, has described an Eupecilia by the name of Westwoodiana; a new name is then selected for the unfortunate Carpocapsa, which might perhaps again have to undergo the same fate; in short, the poor insect seems likely never to attain that essential requisite, a fixed name, —when lo! a fortunate chance enables a Swedish student to re- cognize as a Linnean species the Peronea rufana, W. V. Of course this rwfana is now dropped for the older name, and the unfortunate Carpocapsa is allowed quietly to regain its cast-off clothing. “IT now ask which creates most confusion ? “But why should there be more confusion between Peronea rufana and Carpocapsa rufana than between Pieris Crategi and Trichiura Crategi, or between Thecla Quercts, Smerinthus Quercts and Lasiocampa Quercés ? I am told that the limits of our genera are so uncertain that Peronea rufana and Carpocapsa rufana might be placed in the same genus. Well! when that does happen it will be time enough to change one of them; to change it on the mere contingency is making present confusion to prevent some future confusion, which may perhaps never come to pass. * 3rd. The name of a Geometra must end in aria, of a Pyralis in alis, of a Tortrix in ana, of a Tinea in ella. “Well! this is creeping into a corner with a vengeance: we begin with a rule general to all branches of Natural History; to this one objection is raised, applying only to one order of insects ; and here we have another objection, actually applying to only a portion of that one order. Truly this absurdity has no limits! “* Now I confess myself at a loss how to argue this last point, for I have in vain applied for a reason for this objection, and the only reply that I have ever yet been able to get is, that it 1s con- venient by the termination to know at once to what group an insect belongs: then why not apply it to the other groups? Moreover, if alis implies a Pyralis, what is Bombycia viminalis ? If anus, ana, implies a Toririz, what are Pamphila sylvanus, Nu- daria mundana and Lithosia complana? If ellus, ella, implies a Tinea, what are Deilephila porcellus, Deiopeia pulchella, Cybosia mesomella and Setina irrorella ? Ixxx PROCEEDINGS OF THE “T should have imagined that the advocates of this system of uniformity might have quoted the example of Linnzeus; but he had two terminations for the Geometre,—aria and ata,—and as the objectors of the present day have thought fit to change all his ata’s into aria’s, not even being aroused from the folly of their theory by the fact of Prunata of Linnzus becoming thereby a dropped name, there being already a Prunaria, they cannot quote his example as any argument on their side; and it does not appear that Linnzeus laid down any rules on this subject; he merely gave to his Geometre with pectinated antenne the termination aria,— to those with simple antennz the termination ata,—to the Pyrales the termination alis,—to the Tortrices the termination ana,—and to the Zinee the termination ella; but that he intended these rules to be so rigid that an insect named as a Timea should, on being found to be a Tortrix, change its termination, we are surely not warranted to believe. Why should not Pomonella and Tu- rionella retain the names that Linnzeus gave them? Moreover, if Turionella becomes—as a Tortrix—Turionana, what becomes of its parasite, Jchneumon Turionelle ? Besides the last innovation, the change of the ata’s into aria’s has been of such recent occur- rence, that if tamely submitted to as an inevitable infliction, it will probably tempt some future writer to give uniform terminations to the Noctue or other groups of the Lepidoptera. * The second fundamental law of Entomological nomenclature is— ‘‘ II. No two species in the same genus should bear the same specific name. * T am told this is a truism, and needs no argument; but unless it is adopted, and the first primary law only is considered, we should be obliged to restore to (Depressaria) Hypericella, Hbn., the older name of Liturella, Hbn., there being already a Liturella, W.V., in the genus Depressaria: in fact, this law is the only ad- missible exception to the first law. * Since writing the above, my attention has been called to a ‘ Report on the Laws of Zoological Nomenclature,’ published in the “ Proceedings of the British Association,’ in 1842, and I find that the following rules were there laid down. “© 1, The name originally given by the founder of a group or the describer of a species should be permanently retained, to the exclusion of all subsequent synonyms (with the exceptions about to be noticed). “2, The binomial nomenclature having originated with Linnzus, ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxxi the law of priority in respect to nomenclature is not to extend to the writings of antecedent authors. “10. A name should be changed which has before been pro- posed for some other genus in Zoology or Botany, or for some other species in the same genus, when still retained for such genus or species. “11, A name may be changed when it implies a false proposi- tion which is likely to propagate important errors. «© 12, A name which has never been clearly defined in some published work should be changed for the earliest name by which the object shall have been so defined. “13. A new specific name must be given to a species when its old name has been adopted for a genus which includes that species, “14, In writing Zoological names, the rules of Latin orthogra- phy must be adhered to. ‘“‘ Of these rules, the first two will be unhesitatingly assented to as axioms. Rules 3 to 9 inclusive are applicable to genera only, not to species, and thus do not come within the limits of my pre- sent inquiry. Rule 10 is identical with my second law, ‘that no two species in the same genus should bear the same specific name.’ Rule 11 is the first from which I dissent, ‘a name may be changed when it implies a false proposition which is likely to propagate important errors.’ This, we are told, ‘is a concession to human infirmity,’ but I beg leave to decline this concession. The report adds, ‘Instances of this kind are indeed very rare, and in some eases, such as that of Monodon, Caprimulgus, Paradisea apoda and Monoculus, they have acquired sufficient currency no longer to cause errors, and are therefore retained without change. But when we find a Batrachian reptile named, in violation of its true affinities, Mastodon saurus, a Mexican species termed (through erroneous information of its habitat) Picus cafer, or an olive- coloured one Muscicapa atra,—or when a name is derived from an accidental monstrosity, as in Picus semirostris of Linnaeus and Helix disjuncta of Turton, we feel justified in cancelling these names, and adopting that synonym which stands next in point of date.’ And again, ‘ At the same time we think it right to remark that this privilege is very liable to abuse, and ought therefore to be applied only to extreme cases, and with great caution. With these limitations we may concede that a name may -be changed when it implies a false proposition which is likely to propagate important errors.’ In the first place, there is here no positive rule laid down; and unless a rule is fixed and definite, of what use is Ixxxil PROCEEDINGS OF THE it? In the second place, who is to decide when a name is or is not likely to propagate important errors? A very large propor- tion of insects are named after plants on which they do not feed : but as a name is not meant to be a description, why change it because if viewed as a description it is found incorrect. Rule 12, which throws down manuscript names, or names published in a Catalogue (without any description), is a regulation quite in ac- cordance with my own views. Rule 13 having been generally adopted in past cases, and being not likely to be called into use in future, may safely be conceded: thus, instead of Cossus cossus, L., we say Cossus Ligniperda, F. Rule 14, ‘ In writing Zoological names the rules of Latin orthography must be adhered to.’ This is a very good rule for authors to observe, but of doubtful appli- cability to the past, especially when we find it recommended that ‘ when a name has been erroneously written, and its orthography afterwards amended, we conceive that the authority of the original author should still be retained for the name, and not that of the person who makes the correction.’ Are we then to say Sulzeriella of Linnzeus, Christiernini of Linneeus, Tapetiella of Linnzeus, such names not occurring in Linneeus at all? instead of Sulzella, Chris- teernana, Tapezella: surely this would be making confusion, not lessening it. “IT cannot conclude this paper without a few words in reply to the facetious remarks of the Editor of the ‘ Zoologist,’ (Zool. 2549). He states that the novelties in the laws to which his remarks refer will not be attended to: now I utterly deny that they contain any novelties. Let us see if we can find one. Is it in Law No. l, that ‘the name first given to an insect by printed publication is always that which is to be retained’? Surely this is no novelty ; for I observe in the ‘ Zoologist,’ (Zool. 2136), the words, ‘I can- not pronounce too emphatically that priority is the only law I can ever consent to acknowledge in the nomenclature of species,’ and they are followed by the signature, ‘ Edward Newman.’ Is the novelty in Law No. 2, that ‘ No two species in the same genus should bear the same specific name’? Having been told by so many parties that is an axiom and a truism, I cannot surely believe there is any novelty in it. Law No. 3 is no new law, but merely a deduction from Law No.1; and any one fully granting Law No. } cannot dispute this law. The writer further adds, that in these laws ‘there are: good points, but none of these have the charm of novelty, neither do they require re-enactment.’ It must surely have escaped his notice, perhaps in the hurry of the moment, that an attempt is being made to supersede the law of priority in ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxxill certain groups of Lepidoptera, by a law (by many people considered a novelty) of uniform terminations: I and others, therefore, deemed it necessary to remind the authors of this crotchet of the law of priority, by proposing to re-enact it.” Mr. Westwood said he was opposed to the rigid adoption of uniform terminations of names, and he respected the law of priority of name generally, but he thought that a name might be changed with advantage if it gave a wrong idea of the food of an insect. Thus, he would substitute Rosana for Quercana if an insect so named were found to feed on the rose and not on the oak. The President thought uniform terminations of names not im- portant, and there was no rule laid down for them, but as their use in certain groups had become common it might be as well'to continue the practice. He also thought that the rule of priority ought to be observed, but he would except cases of manifest orthographical error, and such names as would give a wrong idea of the geography of species. Mr. Douglas thought that the adoption of uniform terminations to specific names in a portion of one order was unphilosophical and puerile. With reference to the objections of Messrs. West- wood and Waterhouse, that a name conveying a wrong idea of habit or country should be altered, he did not see much force in them, because the student of Natural History—the only person to whom such a thing could be deemed to be of importance—would always look farther than the name; and as every Entomologist might have an objection to raise if these were allowed, none what- ever should be admitted, but the law of priority held inviolable. Mr. Westwood stated, with reference to an inquiry in the “ Zoologist” as to the best pins for Micro-Lepidoptera, that Sena- tor Van Heyden used very fine silver wire, the chief advantage of which was its non-liability to corrosion. A conversation then arose on the subject of setting Micro- Lepidoptera flat, in the course of which Mr. Westwood said the flat was preferable to the deflected method in other orders besides Lepidoptera, and that Mr. Shuckard had long since shown how much better the characters of the wings of Hymenoptera were ex- hibited if they were in a horizontal position. Ixxxiv PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1st October, 1849. H. T. Stainton, Esq., in the Chair. DonatTIONs. The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the respective Donors thereof. Catalogue of the Calcutta Public Library. Report of the Librarian of the same, for 1847 and 1848. Pre- sented by the Curators of that library. “The Athenzum,” for May, June, July and August. Pre- sented by the Editor. Six specimens of Agrophila sulphuralis, from Brandon, Suffolk. Presented by Mr. Dunning. The following gentlemen were elected Corresponding Members of the Society : E. Goding, Esq., M.D., Barbadoes. R. B. Walcott, Esq., M.D., Barbadoes. Grant Thomas, Esq., Barbadoes. Daniel Blair, Esq., Surgeon-General, British Guiana. Captain Hamilton, Madras, Exurtsitions, Memorrs, &c. Mr. Stainton exhibited a small species of Tineide, of remark- able structure, new to Britain, communicated by Mr. Henry Doubleday. Mr. Westwood stated, that the species of Aphides found on the lettuce, recently described by him under the name of Pemphigus Lactuce, had been previously noticed by Sir O. Mosley in the Gardener’s Chronicle, and by the Rev. L. Jenyns in his Obser- vations on Natural History. A specimen of Cosmopteryx pedella, Linn. (angustipennella, Hiubner,) a species of 7imeid@ new to this country, was exhibited on the part of Mr. Dunning, from Brandon, Suffolk. Messrs. Michael, G. Ingall and H. Ingall, having been pre- viously elected Subscribers, signed the obligation-book of the So- ciety, and were admitted by the Chairman. Mr. Dallas read the continuation of a paper on the Hemiptera of Boutan, in the East Indies; and Mr. Westwood read a paper ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxxv containing descriptions of various new exotic Diptera, including a species of the remarkable genus Achias, from India. November 5, 1849. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair. Donations. The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the respective Donors : Ten portraits of modern naturalists. Presented by G. Ran- some, Esq. of Ipswich. Kaferfauna der Preuszischen Rheinlande, vol. i., 8vo. Pre- sented by M. Bach, the author. Insectes Coléopteres de la Sibérie Orientale nouveaux ou peu connus. Presented by M. le Comte Mannerheim, the author. Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genéve, tom. xii. partie Ire. Observations Astronomiques faites dans 1847 et 1848, a l’Ob- servatoire de Genéve, Supp. 1 et 2. Presented by the Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genéve. Exuisitions, Memorrs, &c. Mr. Bond exhibited bred specimens of Chilo gigantellus (male and female), two singular varieties of Nonagria Typhe, and three new Tineide. Mr. Ingpen exhibited some fossil wings of insects, chiefly Phryganeide, from the insect-limestone of Gloucestershire. Mr. Stainton exhibited Argyresthia Spiniella, Zeller, and A. amiantella, Z.? observing that in the latter the palpi were much longer than in Ocnerostoma Piniariella, which in appearance it much resembled. The former of these species was taken by Mr, Stainton, at Torwood, in Stirlingshire; the latter by Mr. Dunning, at Brandon. He also exhibited a leaf of the sallow rolled up by the larva of Gracillaria stigmatella; leaves of Hype- “ricum pulchrum rolled up by Gracillaria auroguttella? ; pupee of Lithocolletis Schreberella in leaves of elm, and of L. Alnifoliella, six in one leaf of alder: he observed, that as alders grow in wet places, the leaves would fall in many instances into water, and Ixxxvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE the pups existing in them between the cuticles be destroyed, which would account for the comparative rarity of the perfect insect. Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a living specimen of Lamia teztor, found by Mr. Barton in an osier bed, near Bristol, and fed for two months on osier leaves. Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited some tobacco, imported in bales from South America, which had been fed upon by the larvee of Lasioderma testaceum, Steph. He observed that only the thin portions of the leaf were eaten, and that the amount of damage done to the tobacco was considerable. It was noticed that the destructive qualities of this Lastoderma to capsicum and shumac had been exhibited to the Society in 1847, and that the species had a wide range of food. Mr. Shepherd exhibited a long series of Peronea tristana, Hib., bred from larvee found on Viburnum Lantana. This species has been known in our collections under the names of trigonana, plumbosana, Boscana and Logiana, all of which it was now shown were but varieties of one species. It was also interesting to find that there was not among them any of the varieties of ferrugana, W. V. (gnomana, Haw.), which is considered on the Continent to be synonymous with tristana, Hub. Captain Parry exhibited a box of splendid insects from Cay- enne. Mr. Douglas exhibited a fine Dedlephila Celerio, found by a child in a garden at Folkestone, on 23rd October; also several Tineide, beaten out of thatch in the neighbourhood of Folkestone: the most worthy of note were Gelechia vilella, Depressaria rolun- della, D. depressana, Fab. (Bluntu, Curtis), D. ultimella and sub- propinquella. Mr. Westwood exhibited, from the collection of Mr. Melly, some small Coleoptera from Melbourne, South Australia, including ten species of Pselaphide, one of which appeared to be of the genus Articerus of Dalman, said by that author to have been found in amber, and remarkable for having only one joint to the an- tenn: the present specimens were found in the centre of nests of black ants, three to six at a time, but not frequently occurring, Mr. Westwood also exhibited, from Mr. Melly’s collection, two Goliath beetles from Tropical America: they were two distinct species of the genus Dicranorhina, closely resembling each other, and hitherto confounded under the name of G. micans, Drury. He read the following description of each: ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, Ixxxvil D. micans, Drury. D. aureo-viridis, tarsis (articulo basali excepto subaureo), an- tennis et parte antica capitis nigris; capite carina tenue ele- vata nigra per totam longitudinem currente, utrinque in parte antica excavata, fossulaque parum profunda nigra utrinque postice ad tuberculum elevatum, marginis interni oculorum extensa ; lateribus dente parvo obtuso ante antennas angulis- que anticis extus in cornua duo brevia obtusa lateraliter divergentia productis ; cornu antico compresso nigro, in den- tibus duobus angustioribus et longioribus prodeunti; pro- thorace postice magis transversé quadrato; tibiarum anti- carum spinis minus productis, barbaque articuli ultimi tar- sorum anticorum majori, dimidium faciei ejus interne occu- panti, pygidio magis punctato. Long. corp. $ cum cornu clypei unc. 12. In Mus. D. Melly. Habitat ? D. cavifrons, Westw. D. lete viridis vel aureo-viridis; tarsis, antennis verticeque excavato nigris, capitis lateribus elevatis divergentibus, ex- terne in tuberculum parvum conicum productis anticeque utrinque in cornu porrecto trunco nigro productis; disco excavatione profunda absque carina media _longitudinali, clypeo in cornu medio subplano nigro, apice in dentibus duobus brevibus conicis subplanis prodeunti, prothorace postice magis conico; tibiis anticis multi-spinosis spinisque majoribus; barbaque articuli ultimi parva; pygidio fere leevi. Long. corp. cum cornu clypei une. 13—1%. In Mus. Melly, Westwood, &c. Habitat Senegallia. He also exhibited Ptinide, found in a barrow 1400 years old, by Albert Way, Esq., of Reigate: they were observed on bones in a covered vase, which again was enclosed in another vase covered with a stone, and a quantity of earth: he inclined to believe that they had not penetrated through these coverings, but had been deposited with the bones. Full details of the dis- covery of these insects have been published in the Journal of the Archeological Institute for October, 1849. ]xxxvill PROCEEDINGS OF THE Mr. Douglas read a continuation of his memoir on the genus Gelechia of Zeller. Mr. Stainton read a paper on the synonymy of Llachista era- tella of Zeller. The President announced that he was instructed to offer as a prize the work of Fischer von Roslerstamm, on Lepidoptera, for the best monograph of some genus of Tortrices, subject to the following conditions :—1. The prize to be awarded to the writer of the best monograph of some genus of Tortrices (the genus not to contain less than twelve species). 2. The monograph to be forwarded to the President of the Entomological Society, not later than April 15th, 1850. 3. The President to appoint three Ento- mologists (who are not contending for the prize) to act as exami- ners, and to decide which of the monographs sent in is the best. 4, Their decision to be announced at the May meeting of the Entomological Society. The Secretary announced that vol. v. part 8, of the Society’s Transactions was on the table. December 3rd, 1849. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair. DonarTION. The following donation was announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the Donor. The Zoologist for 1849, July to December, by E. Newman, Esq. Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c. Mr. Stainton stated, in allusion to the latter portion of the Minutes of the preceding Meeting, it was his own intention to offer the three first volumes of the ‘ Linnzea Entomologica” as a prize for the second best monograph of Tortrices. Mr. Stainton exhibited some specimens of Tinea ferruginella, Hbn. (ustella, Haw., St), taken in a coal mine near Glasgow by Mr. Scott, and remarked that it was not a little singular that though bred in the dark the specimens were very brightly co- loured. Mr. Westwood exhibited a box of exotic Coleoptera from the Collection of A. Melly, Esq., containing a further series of Austra- ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. _ Ixxxix lian Pselaphide, a Brazilian species of Articerus, and several Australian species of Cryptodus and allied genera. Mr. Westwood also exhibited specimens, in all its stages, of Baridius trinotus (vestitus, Schénherr), an American species of weevil, about the size of Calandra granaria, which had been com- municated to him by Mr. Josiah Forster, having been observed by Miss Morris, of Germantown, to attack the potatoes in Ame- rica to such an extent as to have led to the belief of its being the real cause of the potato disease. The eggs are deposited in the leaf-buds, and the larvee, as soon as hatched, burrow into the stems, within which they feed, descending to the root and causing the decay of the plant. Messrs. Westwood, Stephens and Waterhouse said, that of course this insect was not the cause of the potato disease, but the fact was certainly interesting; the identical species trinotus not being British, the species of the genus Baridius being rare in this country, and none of them frequenting the potato. Mr. Shepherd exhibited a magnificent series of Peronea Has- tiana, L., bred from larve and pupe found in sallow leaves, in the neighbourhood of London. Mr. Saunders read a paper on a species of Histheses and [pete carissima, Newm. The President announced, that a Book had been sent to him, and was on the table, in which any gentleman who wished to become a promoter of the Great Exhibition of the Works of In- dustry of all Nations, in 1851, was requested to sign his name. = ete cay +, wait ep nie AG 18 Saige, ai on fa Coan gee 1a%! Wr (an ML ATAAa a? phe an.’ . he on 2. op di ® sudan’ “oe A, Sell on fl eb | i eae fit fate hie as a3 > * ‘ “7 ed ¢ TT CA ik Ae teRy 7 ath. ai & te: ty te: 7 7" ate ay i} . iad 4 OF LAs A ORs) A eat sei im welat oc _ . ’ P Ye re \ : F baa see eitiad Ft) £45 yer: a: icy ee oily Hiss dig tes See Eat te “uf ia 5 Be Vago { a nS ie hee . ee Lael : 7 _ ~% av. ‘ ‘ oe |: ’ can *. } # 7 a 7 f oF ‘ { ¢ 7 ) s ’ rn 4 : . ~ ba a Oy, Fans.Ent. Sow .Vol. V.P.7. We cd es at ont ete IHL Com pe reg ay ve ‘ " ; a aa iS ee y een ye aie bA\SS \ g s. rary, | | 2 . Hope. ‘a Di plogerad faa. heat’ Lone Ve vere, Pabosiny Si by, Afi’ a " avvet fnenmy dbo Ie wt , Spt yy * lef rt & ruth tF Het ta a é ° 4 q Ylgey ph arie Qbvngy weart a Av ve 4 # 5 fracy eviere stictive Hope Pegs ore 7 Lot ov prey ng e@ prope a | Y Cvteria Petviaapeta Pert Audivs F Diplo ganthe colo xte Cape faba e Zz = CO ee Frans. Lnt. Soc. Volt .V.PE.A Fans. int. Sow. Vou Pl. F. Trans. Ent. Sow fir \ Mb We : VOL.V. PL.6 4 9 Sk M4 a & Pe / =“ ee Ey > ‘cans. fink Soc Vel. VP Ts y } vs br oe tues oe ate eto Mes a Se bag ere hme falcon) a SDs hoetome rag ula Schactn, hate - oe 6 Pozeyphona (demrty) feeseri Schncry , Chine ¥, \ im Mog ssi bs ts wa iv ene 7 Ox ythyree hebew ae, eee Cs - * i ; We if ae i a riers | rE MASALY Paw LET , PVG ES Trans Fut Soc: VAN PUS PAS s Rea Trons: Ent: SoeVol . PEUX etegee rg SS aN O eG IZI > ame , NS by Kr .) TTA sc SLPS AUS iMsaas>> SSTITN ae wewumany ATM —psereery os AS