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TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

‘Hull Scientific and &
3 Field Naturalists’ Club

FOR THE YEAR 1902.

VOLUME Ii. oe

(WitH TITLE PAGE AND INDEX).

Epvirep By THOMAS SHEPPARD, F.G.S.

This Volume If, ts only issued to Members of the Club.

Copies of Mr. J. Fraser Robinson’s ‘‘ Flora of the East Riding
of Yorkshire,” suitably bound in cloth, may be had from
Meee the Publishers :—

A. BROWN & SONS, Ltp.,

SAVILE STREET AND Kinc Epwarp STREET, HULL.

: ae

August, 1902.

ANDREW MARVEL

AND HIS FRIENDS.

K Story of the Siege of }tull,
. . By MARIE HALL. .

oe. LEE os
7s Z “\’

Published at

GIG: GIG:

Net Cash Price

2/T1:

Net Cash Price
Ay & G

Postage 4d,

Postage 4d,
extra. extra.
ole ae
“. of V2

——— \N .
NINTH EDITION NOW READY. Contains a Short Sketch of the Authoress.

THE BINDING IS NEW AND CHARACTERISTIC. ..
F 4 From a design by J. WALTER WEST.

>t EDGES GILT. 3-

GM ALWAYS A WELCOME GIFT BOOK. Kew

POI Oo

From no book hitherto written:can the reader gather a more vivid or |
accurate conception of events which characterised the two Sieges of

Hull than he will derive from this volume. Not less striking and
faithful are her pictures of the English Court as it existed both during —
the protectorate and the reign of Charles the Second. It is hitherto the |
only piece of historical fiction, the chief scenes of which lie in Kingston- |
upon-Hull. Hull indeed, with its stirring history and its wealth of
ancient tradition, its unbroken line of princely merchants, stretching
from the time of De la Poles, to that of Lister and Raikes and Thornton ©
and Wilberforce, afforded a new quarry upon which Mrs. Hall seized, |
and she has told her story well.

The London Daily Telegvaph says :—‘‘ At a time when so much trash is poured out upon —
the public, a volume of pure and sweet sentiment like this should be heartily welcomed.”

A. BROWN & SONS, Ltd., Savile St. and King Edward St., Hull.

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

Hull Scientific and «.

-y Field Naturalists’ Club

FOR THE YEAR 1902.

VOLUME II.

(WitH TITLE PAGE AND INDEX). _~-

IEpITED BY THOMAS SHEPPARD, F.G.S.

A. BROWN & SONS, Ltp.,

SAVILE STREET AND Kinc Epwarp STREET, HULL,

August, 1902,

List of Officers, 1902.

President—T. AUDAS, L.D.S.
Vice-Presidents—

R. Hs PHuip: J. Hotiincwortn, M.R.C.S.
J. F. Ropryson.

Commitlee—

T. AupaAs, Jun. LE. LAMPLOUGH.
(CS ASE Me bug C. W. Mason.
H. E. JOHNSON. J. SCHOFIELD.

Recorders—

ARCH.EOLOGY . : : : : . Sw Re Sores, FSA;
Microscopy (General). : J. Hotiincwortu, M.R.C.S.
(BOTANY) . : d : . J. F.. Rosrnson.
(Foraminifera). , F. W. Mitts, F.R.M.S.

BroLtocy, Marine (General). ; . F. W, Frerke, M.C.S.
Vertebrata (Mammalia and Aves) T. Aupas, L.D.S.

(Pisces) . : : . H. M. Foster.

Invertebrata (Mollusca) . . F. W. Fierke, M.C.S.
(Arachnida) . ; , ; G. Ross.

(Lepidoptera) : : J. W. Boutt.

(Coleoptera), ; .- T. STAINFORTH.

(J. F. Roprnson.

Botany (Phanerogamia and Ferns)
y ( > ( C. WATERFALL.

(Mosses) . : ‘ J. > MARSHAL.
(Diatomacee) . 5 4 R.. H. Pair.
GEOLOGY 2 : ; : ‘ ~ l.2SHEPPARD, J.G°S:
CHEMISTRY. ; j P ‘ A. R.-Warnes, M.S.C.I.
Be Re
Librarians— ie as ~ Curator—]. W. Bou tr.

Treasurer and Asst. Secretary—J. Riviry, 42, Perry Street, Hull.

Secretary—T. Suepparp, F.G.S., The Museum, Hull.

List of Members.
(JULY, 1902).

ANVFIELD, W. E., 14, Arlington Street, Hull.

Askew, H. C., Eagle Cottage, Newington Street, Hull.
Assert, A., 28, Maple Street, Queen’s Road, Hull.
Audas, fo Regent Terrace, Anlaby Road, Hull.
Audas, 'T., L.D.s., do. do.

Audas, T T.. fur, do. do.

Banks, E., Cross Keys Hotel, Adlingtleet, Goole.

Binks, 8. P24, fenple Street, Hull.

Blackburn, Rev. E. P., New Road, Driftield.

Blakestone, J. Y., Barton-on-Humber.

3lakestone, W. H., 13, Lockwood Street, Driflield.
Blashill, 'T., F.RLBA., 29, pod a Square, London, W.C.
Blayney, N. ( , 4, Park Row, Park Street, Hull.

Bolton, E. S ., 63, Louis Street, Hull.

Boult, J.W., 50, W. ashington Street, Beverley Road, Hull.
Boyle, J. I, r.s.A., Town Hall, Hull.

Brewer, W. J., 40, Fountain Street, Hull.

Bricknell, F. hye A.M.I.C.E., Hessle.

Bromby, W. K., i, Finsbury Grove, Fountain Road, Hull.
Brown, J., Hazeldene, The Park, Hull.

Brown, W., Park Grove, Hull.

Browne, H. B., 371, Spring Bank West, Hull.

Bunker, I’, East Parade, Goole.

Bush, E. R., Woodlands, Perth.

CAMPBELL, M., 7, Marlboro’ Avenue, Hull.

Carlton, J., 48, Albany Street, Hull.

Chadwick, J. A., 42, Princes Road, Hull.

Chadwick, W., 206, Spring Bank, Hull.

Cocker, J. W. a Beverley Road, Hull.

Cole, Rev. IE. M., m.4., F.G.s., The Vicaras ge, Wetwang.
( ‘ollin, OW. 2 Hutt Street, Hull.

C ooper, Rev. A. N., m.a., The Vicarage, Filey.

Crofts, W. H., 60, Freehold Street, Hull.

Crossland, C., E. La: 4, Coleridge’ Street, Halifax.

Danby, C., 52, Dansom Lane, Hull.

Davies, W., 131, Plane Street, Hull.

Davison, W., 62, Welbeck Street, Hull.

Dennis, 7 21, Peel Street, Hull.

Dixon, 7. 16, W itham, Hull.

Dobree, N. F. F.E.S., ‘Bever ley.

Drake, ¥. Ae Cavendish Square, Margaret Street, Hull.
Drewery, W. , Railway Crescent, Withernsea.

vi

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Enevanp, W. C., Royal Institution, Hull.
Empson, R., Wood Lane, Beverley.

Fancourt, J., 42, Heskey Street, Nottingham.
Fierke, F. W., .c.s., 73, Redbourne Street, Hull.
Fisher, G., L.p.s., 84, Wright Street, Hull.
Fletcher, Rev. R., 16, Lister Street, Hull.

Foster, H. M., 1, Devon Street, Hessle oad, Hull.
Fretwell, A. 'T. K., 36, Lister Street, Hull.

Fricr, Rev. J. W., 14, De Grey Street, Hull.

Ganperton, J., Victoria Avenue, Hornsea.
Greenwood, A., 19, Carew Street, Newington, Hull.

Hanaer, E., Stoneferry, Hull.

Harvie-Browne, J. A., F.z.8., Dunipace, Larbert, N.B.
Havereroft, T., South Ferriby, Barton-on-Humber.
Hawkesbury, Rt. Hon. Lord, ¥.s.4., Kirkham Abbey, Yorks.
Heath, C. L. E., a.at.c.z., Technical School, Hull.
Heath, G., Inland Revenne Offices, Hull.

Hellier, E. A., 90, Marlboro’ Avenue, Hull.

Hermann, H. C., 105, Park Grove, Hull.

Hill, G. H., 40, Louis Street, Hull.

Hobart, Col. G. b., a-p., 1, Hobart Place, London,
Hollingworth, C., Holderness Road, Hull.
Hollingworth, J., M.R.C.8., do.

Hollingworth, J. L., do.

Holmes, C. D., 6, West Parade, Hull.

Holt, C., 80, Selby Street, Hull.

Jackson, W., 36, Vermuyden Terrace, Goole.
Johnson, A. E. H., Bourne House, Dritteld.
Johnson, H. E., 164, Anlaby Road, Hull.

Jones, F. G., Dock Office, Hull.

Jowett, J. G., 11, Ripon Terrace, Kent Street, Hull.

Kay, A. E., 68, Linnzeus Street, Hull.
Knight, H., 75, Sharp Street, Hull.

Lampiouan, E., 12, Leicester Street, Hull.
Lamplough, F., do. do.

Lawson, A. F., 5, Curson Street, Albert Avenue, Hull.
Leach, G. T., 282, St. George’s Road, Hull.

Lehair, T. H., 8, Dalton Terrace, Paisley Street, Hull.
Ledger, C., 5, Greenacres Road, Oldham.

Leppington, W., Dock Office, Hull.

Lewis, U., 56, Albany Street, Hull.

Lowther, J. W., Crane Hill, Beck Side, Beverley.
Lundy, .\., Driftield.

Lyne, Perey, Paragon Arcade, Hull.

LIST OF MEMBERS. Vil

Masor, J. L., Welton Garth, Brough.

Mansbridge, W., 133, Park Grove, Hull.

Marshall, J. J., North Bar Street, Beverley.

Martin, A. 8., 64, Hawthorne Avenue, Hull.

Martin, W., 172, Newland Avenue, Hull.

Mason, C. W. , Harley House, Beverley Road, Hull.
Mason, G,, 39, Whitecross Street, Barton-on-Humber.
Mason, Sh 175, Hawthorne Avenue, Hull.

Mayman, TE ., Park Road Board School, Hull.
Metcalfe, W.J., 98, Albert Avenue, Hull.

Milburn, C. H., M.B., Balmoral Terrace, Anlaby Road, Hull.
Miles, G. Ts Withernsea.

Miller, Rev. N. J. ., M.A., Winestead Rectory, Hull.
Mills, F. W., F.R.M.S., Thornleigh, Huddersfield.
Milner, Rev. W. M., m.a., Sunk Island Vicarage.
Morfitt, A., Charlotte’s Cottage, Atwick, Hornsea.
Morfitt, B., do. do.

Morfitt, W., do. do.

Mortimer, J. R., Driftield.

NEEDLER, J., St. George’s Road, Hull.
Nicholson, J., F.R.H.8., 50, Berkeley Street, Hull.

O’Brten, E., Town Hall, Hull.
O'Hara, J., Coltman Street, Hull.
Orwin, C. F., 62, Lee Sinith Street, Hull.

Paces, W. G. B., 77, Spring Street, Hull.

Parrish, W.S., W: altham Street, Hull.

Pauling, A.C, , 99, Coltman Street, Hull.

Peacock, H. aA 17, Ripon Villas, B srunswick Avenue, Hull.
Pearson, A., 3, Gladys Grove, Courtney Street, Hull.
Penney, C., 2, Grove Street, Beverley Road, Hull.

Penney, M. D., F.c.s. , Coblentz House, Dueshtiry Street, Hull.
Petch, T., B.A., B.Se., "Hedon.

Philip, R. H., 296, Beverley Road, Hull.

Piercy, Miss, Dibthorpe, Driffield.

Pinchbeck, E., 6, Brooklyn Street, Hull.

Porter, .J., 60, Tadman Street, Hull.

Porter, BJ. , 11, Arlington Street, Hull.

Prentice, D., ’ Ph.D., 13, Lambert Street, Hull.

Pybus, H., Prospect Street, Hull.

Ramsay, A., 4, Cowper Road, Acton, London, W.
Rayner, G., Hutton Cranswick.

Read, R. T., 27, Harley Street, Hull.

Richardson, W., South Cave.

Riddle, N., Southfield, Hessle.

Rider, J. G., 118, Clarendon Street, Hull.
Ridley, J., 42, Perry Street, Hull.

Vill

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Robinson, J. F., 22, Harley Street, Hull.

Robson, H., 13, "Ripon Street, Hull.

Robson, Ale ’A., do.

Robson, R. M, M.S.A., Surveyor, Urban D. C., Filey.
Ross, eu 49, Sherburn Street, Hull.

SADLER, T., 44, Duesbury Street, Hull.

Salisbury, xv , Sproatley, Hull.

Savage, J., M.D., 41, George Street, Hull.
Sav ile, W.H. Bias MICE. Carlton V illas, Westwood Rd., Beverley.
Schofield, Ag Northfield, ” Hessle.

Seath, J. A., Arthur Street, Hull.

Senior, Bev I. H., w.a., 23, Colonial Street, Hull.

Shaw, Rev. A. E., M.A., ‘The Vicar age, W oodhouse, Sheftield.
Sheppard, H., F.E.LS., 432, Holderness Road, Hull,
Sheppard, H, Site do.

Sheppar d, T., ¥.c.s., Eastgate, Hessle.

Smith, A. Ale ’Trene Terrace, Durham Street, Hull.
Somerscales, A 3, Leicester Street, Hull.

Stainforth, T., 4, Rutland Terrace, Norfolk Street, Hull.
Stather, J. W., v.c.s., 16, Louis Street, Hull.

Stears, J es eel Hessle.

Stevenson, C. R., 47, Mor peth Street, Hull.

Stothard, ae M.R.C.S., 87, Walker Street, Hull.

Strachan, B. L., 28, Severn Street, Hull.

Strafford, J. L., 2, Crystal Avenue, Middleton Street, Hull.
Sykes, W., Oakhurst, Cottingham.

ne

THELWALL, T., 21, Colonial Street, Hull.
Thompson, G. E., Holderness Road, Hull.
Tongue, F., 35, English Street, Hull.

Wane, E. W., 325, Anlaby Road, Hull. :
Walker, J., Chariot Street, Hull.

Waller, A. J., 105, Westbourne Avenue, Hull.

Waller, M., do.

W allis, H., "LD. s., 23, Albion Street, Hull.

W alters, Rev. ie Conway, Langton Rector y, Horneastle.
Warnes, A. R., ms.c.r, 8, Suffolk Villas, Suffolk Street, Hull.
Waterfall, C. 10, De Grey Street, Hull.

W atkingon, NaS , 200, Spring Bank, Hull.

Webster, iE W., Easington, Hull.:

Wheeler, W. H. 5 28% Bev erley Road, Hull.

White, A. H., 55, Park Avenne,-Hull.

Wilford, A. C., Park House, Anlaby Road, Hull.

Wilson, J. W., F.R.u.s., Drewton Stray, South Cave.

Wood, W., 15, Beaumont Street, Hull.

(Members are requested to advise the Assistant Secretary of
change of address),

The Flora

OF THE

Fast Riding of Yorkshire,

INCLUDING

A PHYSIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.

BY

JAS. FRASER ROBINSON, _, |

Vice-President of the Hull Sctentific & Field Naturalists’ Club Y

GR its

TO WHICH IS ADDED

Bist OF “THE
MOSSES, OF THE “RIDING

BY

J. J. MARSHALL.
Sos ts ae

LONDON:
A. BROWN & SONS, Ltp., 5, FARRINGDON AVENUE, E.C.

AND AT HULL AND York.

MDCCCCII.

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TO ALL
WHO LOVE NATURE,
AND IN.PARTICULAR TO THE
MEMBERS OF THE
HULL SCIENTIFIC AND FIELD NATURALISTS’ CLUB
AND KINDRED SOCIETIES,
BUT FOR WHOSE KINDLY CO-OPERATION AND
FREQUENT GENIAL COMPANIONSHIP
IN THE FIELD THIS) WORK
WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN

UNDERTAKEN.

«« | . Nature never did betray
The heart that loved her; ‘tis her privilege,
Through all the years of this our life, to lead
From joy to joy: for she can so inform
The mind that is within us, so impress
With quietness and beauty, and so feed
With lofty thoughts, that neither evil tongues,
Rash judgments, nor the sneers of selfish men,
Nor greetings where no kindness is, nor all
The dreary intercourse of daily life,
Shall e’er prevail against us, or disturb
Our cheerful faith, that all which we behold
Is full of blessings.”

WorpDsSWoRTH.

al re Bae Od 2

J NTIL now no Flora of the East Riding of Yorkshire
(Watsonian vice-county, 61) has been published, and
the first thought to render my own MS. notes into

a permanent form did not originate with myself. It was
mainly due to the suggestions and requests of others, except
for which the ambition to add one more book to the many
already in existence would scarcely have actuated me.
Since, however, the need for such a work was apparent,
it has been my endeavour during the last seventeen years
to traverse as much of the riding as possible, personally
observing and collecting plants and making notes thereon,
as well as to compile from all possible sources anything
pertaining to the plant inhabitants. The result is the
present work which, I trust, is a fairly intelligible first
account of the flora of a hitherto apparently neglected area,
and one that ought not to be an unserviceable guide at
least to the Field Naturalist, if not also to the Botanist at
home with his herbarium.

I could have wished that the Flora had taken a form
more likely to be acceptable to the popular mind, but this
- would have increased the bulk of the work very considerably
beyond our limits. Nevertheless, full indexes are appended,

&~

Vi PREFACE.

and in these and in the text will be found, whenever
possible, the common and local names of plants; which,
I trust, will make it appear that I by no means ignore, but
rather wish to foster, the love of the wild flowers of our
native land, which might be more general than it is.

My earliest botanical inspirations were drawn from
association in youth with several of the local botanists
whose names very frequently appear in ‘‘ The New Flora
of Northumberland and Durham,” by Mr. J. G. Baker, and
for some years previously to making acquaintance with
Yorkshire botany this volume was my constant reference
during many rambles in the most northerly English county.
For its valuable guidance, and for the impress that it
makes upon the present work, | would at once tender to
Mr. J. G. Baker my sincere thanks, apologising at the same
time for any inadequacy in my presentation of his idea of
a county Flora; and for following his plan so far as I have
done without seeking any previous formal permission.

To the memory of former botanists whose records have
helped in the present compilation I would pay grateful
tribute ; and to all my contemporaries who, with uniform
kindness and enthusiasm, have assisted in any way towards
the completeness of the following account, and whose names
or initials appear repeatedly therein, I beg to tender this
expression of my deep gratitude.

To others, experts able to determine critical species,
varieties, plant aliens, &c., | am further under great obliga-
tion. To Mr. Ar. Bennett, F.L.S., Rev. J. Moyle Rogers,
Rev.:-W. F.. Linton, F.L.S., Mr..S. f. Dunn, B.A., Fo Lass,
of Kew, Mr. Britten of the British Museum, Messrs. West
of Bradford, and Mr. Wm. Whitwell, F.L.S., as well as to
the members and officers of the Botanical Record Club and
the Watson Botanical Exchange Club I tender sincere
acknowledgment of the great assistance which, if indirect,

they have nevertheless often rendered to us in our work.

PREFACE. Vii

I am also deeply indebted to Messrs. T. Sheppard, F.G.S.,
James Schofield, and Charles Waterfall, all of the Hull
Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club, for a very large share
they took in clerical work involved, and for other aid when
the Flora was passing through the press.

The Map and Geological Section I owe to the kindness
and skill of Mr. W. H. Crofts of the Hull Geological Society,
and for the same he has my best thanks.

The Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club, and
Messrs. A. Brown & Sons, Ltd., between them having
relieved myself of personal financial responsibility in the
production of this work, renders me under a deep obligation,
which I take the opportunity of sincerely acknowledging.

JAs. FRASER ROBINSON.

22, HARLEY STREET, HULL,
July, 1902.

INTRODUCTORY.

O apology for endeavouring to give a first fairly full
N account of the plants of the East Riding of Yorkshire
is needed. Plants are always interesting and beautiful,
to say nothing about their economic value and the exquisite
pleasure and instruction to be derived from their observation,
collection, and study. So they will continue to command
attention and loving appreciation as long as they are borne
on the warm bosom of Mother Earth. Flora, the goddess of
flowers and the springtime, has still her votaries, as amongst
the old Romans, now quite beyond suspicion, we trust, and
guiltless of the extravagant demonstrations that greeted her
of old. That students and lovers of plants and their lore
have come to speak of vegetation, taken collectively for any
particular area, as ‘‘the flora,” after the name of their
titular deity, is not much to be wondered at; and the tertiary
meaning of the word—a written compilation of the plants of
a district with various items of interest thereon—has, by a
very common figure of speech, come into use. For the sake
of brevity, then, we shall henceforth use the word flora chiefly
in the secondary sense, whilst the compilation which completes
this essay will be ‘‘The Flora of the East Riding of the
County of York.”

Both of the other Ridings—the North and West, in-
cluding the Ainsty—have had botanical exponents in Mr.
J. G. Baker, and Dr. F. A. Lees (Leeds) respectively, whose
Floras are amongst the very best of all local works of the
kind. No Flora, however, of the East Riding has hitherto
been published, and how such an extent of country—750,055
acres—larger than several English counties, should have
been so long neglected in this respect, is a matter of consider-
able surprise. Many things else have had able treatment,

B

10 INTRODUCTORY.

and still receive the. same, but the familiar tender plant
children of the old earth-cradle have cried in vain for adequate
notice to be taken of them. They have received indeed
scanty measure at the historian’s hands. Yet good botanists
appear to have lived in East Yorkshire in time past, but
whether their work was extensive or systematic, one is unable
to gather, and, whatever it may have been, an inexplicable
diffidence or other unfortunate circumstance seems always to
have restrained them from publishing anything but the most
meagre list of species noted by them. Hence, so far as we
are aware, no great attempt at a Flora of the East Riding
ad hoc has hitherto been made. The want of this had been
felt for many years, and the thought of the writer to compile
such a work from his own practical investigation, together
with that of his friends, took shape in 1885. Two or three
years later a botanical section was organised in connection
with the Hull Scientific Club (now Hull Scientific and Field
Naturalists’ Club), which included several ardent botanical
workers. The area of investigation was at first confined to the
district within twenty miles of the then Borough of Kingston-
upon-Hull, and so eagerly was the work commenced, and so
persistently has it continued up to the present time, that this
area has been most exhaustively ‘tested in all its vegetal
resources, and with most encouraging results. The very
many rambles along paths radiating from Hull, which the
work has involved, have afforded ample opportunity for
observation ; and, without claiming any degree of finality in
the matter of fresh discoveries, we may say with a fair degree
of assurance that examples of nearly all the species of plants
growing in the district named have been noted, collected, and
preserved. Moreover, the extension of the twenty miles limit
to the boundaries of the East Riding has been made possible by
the energetic action of the above-mentioned club, in the
planning and carrying out of its weekly excursion pro-
grammes, as well as it has been facilitated by the kindly
co-operation of working botanists living on the borders of
the riding at Selby, York, Malton, and Scarborough.

At the same time as activities in the botanical field have
been carried on, a certain amount of historical and biblio-
graphical information has gradually come to hand, and a
brief sketch thereof ought not to form an inappropriate
chapter by way of introduction.

The very earliest records of East Riding plants that we
have been able to find are those of John Ray, who, in his
“Second Itinerary ” (1616) says, ‘‘ We observed in a close

—— ess eS

ee

INTRODUCTORY. II

near the town called Granswick [now Cranswick], great store
of Carum (z.e. Carum Carvi=Carraway) ; it grows in many
places about this town, and in some places of the Fens in
Lincolnshire.”” Furthermore he writes, ‘‘The south block-
house [of Hull, then fortified] which commands the Humber
is in good repair. .... On the top of the walls of this last
we observed the common pink in great plenty.” The sea-
pink, or thrift, is stil] common on the shores of the estuary
not far away, but the block-house has long since vanished
and no true pink now grows wild in the district.

By far the most numerous of the earliest records of East
Riding plants were made by Robert Teesdale, F.L.S. (died
1804), some time chief gardener at Castle Howard, near
Malton, and just within the North Riding. Teesdale, after
whom the cruciferal genus, ‘‘Teesdalia,” is named, con-
tributed two excellent papers to the Linnean Society in
the years 1792 and 1798, which will be found amongst the
transactions of this premier Botanical Society—Teesdale
seems to have been a foundation member. The first paper,
styled ‘‘ Plante Eboracences,” deals only with the rarer
plants found within a radius of fifteen miles of Castle
Howard. The second, with the same title, purports to
supplement the first, and deals with the flora of the whole
county. In both papers many references are made to Hull,
Beverley, the Humber banks, Hornsea, Houghton Moor, &c.
And Teesdale, together with a few coadjutors, seems to have
practically worked these districts, for he writes:—‘‘In a
meadow called Derricoats [now Dairycoates], near Hull, is
found Carex divisa, and I have never found it anywhere else.”
Altogether the two catalogues contain g1o species of the
higher plants [Ferns and Flowering Plants]: Many of the
rarer ones with East Riding stations, we are pleased to say
for the honour of the older botanists, have been verified by
recent workers a hundred years later. But the above men-
tioned instance at Dairycoates is, we fear, an example of
what has overtaken many of the interesting species of

_Teesdale’s lists. The drainer, agriculturalist, and builder

have exterminated many of our native plants.

The year 1805 saw the publication of Messrs. Dillwyn &
Turner’s ‘‘ Botanists’ Guide through the Counties of England
and Wales.”” Under ‘‘ Yorkshire” the compilers acknowledge
their indebtedness to the work of Mr. Robert Teesdale above
mentioned; and the greater number of East Riding records
are subscribed by his name. There are, however, several
others that are authorities for certain plants, some of whom

12 INTRODUCTORY.

had undoubtedly a practical acquaintance with the flora, and
add a number of species not determined as East Riding plants
by Teesdale. Amongst these may be mentioned Colonel
Machell, Mr. Knowlton, Mrs. Wharton, Mr. P. W. Watson,
F.L.S., Mr. Archibald Pierson, all of whom, in some small
degree, augment the number of items of the Botanical Guide.
Our information concerning any of these is only meagre, but
foremost amongst them, as a botanist to whom we are able
to give fuller notice, was P. W. Watson, a gentleman
whose work brings us several steps forward in our botanical
history.

Peter William Watson, F.L.S., was a native of Hull
(baptized at Holy Trinity Church, 26th August, 1761), and
resident for some years at Cottingham, an honorary member
of the Hull Literary and Philosophical Society, and a
founder of the first Hull Botanic Garden, 1812. In the
introduction to his ‘‘ Dendrologia Britannica” (pub. 1825),
a beautifully illustrated book in two vols., dealing with
exotic shrubs and trees growing in English parks and woods,
he shows that he was also well acquainted with our native
plants. Speaking of the flourishing Botanic Garden just
mentioned, Watson writes:—‘‘I hope I shall not be con-
sidered vain in adding my own endeavours to furnish the
institution with many indigenous plants which I collected at
considerable expense and labour by traversing the whole of
the East Riding of Yorkshire in my gig, with proper
apparatus for cutting up roots, collecting seeds, &c., of the
rarer sorts, whose habitats had been rendered familar to me
from numerous previous herborisations.” We know of
nothing that remains of P. W. Watson’s collections or
observations except the records in the Old Botanists’ Guide
already referred to ; but for these few records we are grateful,
and trust they will to some extent avert from the devoted
head of this pioneer exterminator the anathemas of syb-
sequent lovers of our native plants. Watson seems also to
have included in his ‘‘ herborisations” the careful measure-
ments of the trunks of old trees, and has left the dimensions
in his day of trees at Bishop Burton and other places in East
Yorkshire.

‘‘Camden’s Britannia” (ed. 1806) has a good list of the
rarer plants found in Yorkshire, but only seven or eight of
them are localised for the East Riding species. They are
the following :—Ranunculus Lingua, Carum Carvi, Coty-
ledon lutea ‘‘in the east part of Yorkshire,” Lysimachia
thyrsiflora, Ophrys apifera, Stratiotes Aloides and Triticum

INTRODUCTORY. 13

junceum. The botanist to whom Camden or his subsequent
editors were indebted for the above was John Ray, and it
is interesting to note that all the plants just mentioned,
except the Cotyledon and Lysimachia, are still found in our
riding.

In Oliver’s ‘‘ History of Beverley” (1829) there is a list
of the less common plants to be found in the district, but
the name of the botanist responsible for this is not given,
and certainly no one with much claim to knowledge of plant
names would have passed the badly-spelled list.

Scaum’s ‘‘ Beverlac”’—a history of Beverley—was pub-
lished in 1839, and contains interesting lists of flowering
plants, ferns, mosses, &c., carefully prepared and compiled
by Colonel Machell and Dr. Hull, from Mr. Robt. Teesdale’s
(vide supra) and their own observations. The lists do not
profess to be exhaustive, giving only 125 names of the
higher plants. It is to be regretted that the compilers of
Scaum’s lists leave so little indication of their own original
observations, which, we think, may have been extensive in
the East Riding. Only a few specimens now in York
Museum, it has been ascertained, have been left as vouchers
for the above.

Next in order of time comes Baines’ ‘‘ Flora of York-
shire,” published in 1840. From its preface we learn that
there were several botanical workers in Hull and other
places of East Yorkshire. Mr. David Smith was Curator
of the Hull Botanic Gardens, which were then nearly thirty
years old, and had been amongst the best in the kingdom.
Mr. Smith made careful observation of the plants that grew
around Hull and had furnished a list of them-to Mr. Baines,
then sub-curator of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society’s
collections. So we take it that many of the stations of
plants mentioned in Baines’ ‘‘ Flora of Yorkshire,” in terms
such as ‘‘near Hull,” ‘‘ between Beverley and Hull,” &c.,
would be due to Mr. Smith, but he does not specify more
definitely, as he might have done with advantage, in these
and many other instances throughout his work. Nevertheless,
for the East Riding of Yorkshire, Baines gives a fairly large
number of records, amounting in all to 264.

In 1854 another edition of Baines’ was published, with
a supplement by J. G. Baker, the able author of ‘‘A New
Flora of Northumberland and Durham,” ‘‘ North Yorkshire
Botany,” &c., but his additions for the East Riding are
chiefly gathered from the older authorities overlooked by
Baines, not numerous, however, being in fact only 36. This,

14 INTRODUCTORY.

together with the former total, makes the number of recorded
species just 300.

Five years after the publication of Baines’ first edition,
namely, in 1845, we find an enthusiastic and able worker
in the field of botany, namely Mr. George Norman, better
known, perhaps, as an ardent entomologist and student of
diatoms. Mr. Norman was born in 1823, and for some time
was a merchant with his brother, Mr. T. A. Norman, of
Wilberforce House, High Street, Hull. The pursuit of
natural history in various courses, however, seems to have
claimed him more than the merchant’s office, and in the
year 1845 and onwards we find from his MSS. that he was
noting the plants of the Hull district and preparing lists of
them, probably with a view to the compilation of a Flora.
This, however, was not carried out; but, through the kind-
ness of Mr. T. Sheppard, F.G.S., Curator of the Hull
Municipal Museum, now the fortunate possessor of many of
Norman’s books, we have carefully perused the MS. notes
and find that they make several additions to the former
East Riding records. The dates given by Norman in his
working copies of ‘‘ The Botanist’s Manual” (Sheffield), and
Baines’ ‘‘Flora of Yorkshire” (first edition, 1840), are all
in the forties—beginning 1845 or 1846—and it was probably
about this time and onwards for twenty years that he made
most of his observations on the Ferns and Phanerogams.
Afterwards it was, with still greater zeal that Mr. Norman
took up certain branches of Entomology, became the dis-
coverer of several new species of moth, and, in Diatomacee,
quite an expert. Several diatoms were first found by
himself and named specifically after himself or his friends
of the microscope. Since, the subject is a botanical one,
examples of these may be mentioned here :—Coscinodiscus
subtilis, var. Normanii; Pleurosigma Normanii; Odontidium
(Fragilaria) Harrisonii ; and Aulocodiscus Sollittianus.*

Contemporaneous with Mr. George Norman, and pro-
bably a fellow worker with him, was Mr. James Freeland
Young, of the Hull Mechanics Institute, evidently a good
and careful botanist, who has left us in many respects the
most direct and tangible information towards the compilation’
of an East Riding Flora. Mr. Young, like Mr. Norman,
had been a field botanist and, more than the latter, a
collector and preserver of plant specimens. Three or four

*For more of G. Norman, see ‘‘ Bye-gone Hull Naturalists,’ I., by
T. Sheppard, in the ‘‘ Transactions of the Hull Scientific and Field
Naturalists’ Club,” Vol. I., Part III., rg00.

aS ae

INTRODUCTORY. 15

collections of these are still extant, and are valuable as
affording examples mostly of the common species of the
‘‘ Neighbourhood of Kingston-upon-Hull” (1854). Young’s
list, we are told, numbered 400 flowering plants and ferns ;
his collections and volumes of well-preserved natural speci-
mens did not each contain more than 150 species, mostly
of plants previously noted, but they are of great importance
to us as being almost the only examples of herbaria earlier
than 1880 that are now accessible to us.

Overton’s ‘‘History of Cottingham” (1861) makes
mention of Mr. Young’s botanical investigations of the
parish of Cottingham, and in conjunction with James
Craig Niven, Curator of the Hull Botanic Gardens (1853),
Young had prepared, or was going to prepare, a flora
of Cottingham, but circumstances were against its publica-
tion, and so it is not included in Overton’s ‘‘ History.”
The late Mr. Niven, an able curator, a good botanist and
lecturer on botanical subjects, knew very much about our
less conspicuous wild plants, e.g. the sedges, grasses, &c. ;
but it does not appear, from information that has been
afforded by Edw. A. Peak, the late courteous superinten-
dent of the Hull Municipal Parks, that Niven, who died ,
in 1881, left any MSS. or other data to help us in our
compilation.

Next in historical sequence come the proceedings of the
Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, as detailed in ‘‘The Naturalist,”
the first number of which was published in 1833. Although
meagre on the whole, the lists of plants recorded by eminent
botanists on flying visits to the East Riding are very valuable,
and we gratefully admit the same to have materially aug-
mented the number of species already recorded. Amongst
the names of contemporary writers who, chiefly under the
auspices of the above-mentioned union, have helped us by
their observations are those of such distinguished botanists
as Dr. F. A. Lees, of Leeds, Dr. Parsons, formerly of Goole,
William Whitwell, Esq., F.L.S., now of London—all the
best of guarantees, we believe, that however much or little
they may have observed and recorded in our vice-county, it

has been a genuine and reliable addition to our knowledge.

Of our contemporaries still on the spot and working in the
field, one must only speak briefly, not being able in this
work to say all one would like concerning those with whom
once to botanise is to begin the pleasantest of friendships—
evidence too that there is much more of genial human interest
in our nature-study than may appear from the words in which

16 INTRODUCTORY.

our subject is primarily introduced. Suffice it to say that
the authorities or their initials for the species and localities
will be given in ‘‘ The Flora” proper.

For ourselves and some of the contemporaries just referred
to, we may mention that certain fragments of published
work not included in ‘‘ The Naturalist” or other book have
played a part in leading up to this fuller and more compre-
hensive effort. In ‘‘A Guide to Hornsea,” published by
Mr. A. T. K. Fretwell,* of Hull, in 1894, there is a fairly
good list of Holderness plants by the writer of this work.
The same may be said of the ‘‘Guide to Flamborough,”
by Rev. R. Fisher, M.A., Vicar of Sewerby, and published
by Messrs. Wm. Andrews & Co., Hull (1894).

Valuable East Riding records have been made permanent,
too, by the Malton Natural History Society in their published
proceedings (1886-7), and these, together with botanical lists
compiled by Mr. Henry John Wilkinson for the annual
publications of the Yorkshire Literary and Philosophical
Society recently issued, have been of the utmost service to
us in our present work. For most of the records of the Rubi
(Brambles) we are almost entirely beholden to the last named
gentleman’s kindly aid.

Furthermore, in the MS. notes and reports of the Hull
Scientific Societies, as well as in some of their printed work,
references to many plant discoveries by contemporary workers
are given; whilst so lately as the beginning of 1go1, in
Deacon’s ‘‘Court Guide of the East Riding of Yorkshire”
will be found a popular account of our flora and a considerably
larger number of plants than had previously been printed.
The compiler of the present work was responsible for the same.

On the whole the foregoing, as far as we can gather, is a
fairly complete account of the bibliographical part of our
subject ; and it may naturally be thought to show a degree of
paucity and indirectness of bearing for which, however, we
can scarcely account, but simply express our regret.

Nor are those vouchers, which, we think, always should be
the basis of a flora of any locality, more numerous and forth-
coming than the MSS. or printed records. In fact, with the
exception of Mr. J. Freeland Young’s specimen herbaria
and prize collections made in the fifties and above referred
to, we have no collection expressly of East Riding plants.
From dried specimens in the Museum of the Yorkshire
Philosophical Society having East Riding localities attached

* The brothers Fretwell of this city are amongst our fellow-workers in
the field.

ne

INTRODUCTORY. 17

to them, and from one or two isolated private collections like
those of Mr. Wm. Whitwell, F.L.S., of London (formerly
of York), we have the only real vouchers that we can obtain
for our records, but these, though comparatively few in
number, are good and reliable. Not till 1885, so far as we
are aware, were any adequate collections begun. Since
then, however, several herbaria have been got together by
members of the Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club,
and these, we modestly claim, are the best foundation upon
which the sequel is built, and means will be taken therein to
indicate the existence of the necessary vouchers. (See Plan
of Flora, fra).

The herbaria just referred to are still in private hands,
their various collectors being Mr. Charles Waterfall, of
10, De Grey Street, Hull, a botanist of many years
standing. His collection is in reality for the whole of
Britain, and few of the species found in Britain are wanting
in it, so assiduously has its keeper worked at botanical
classification. Mr. Waterfall has collected for ten years
in the East Riding. Another collector and most admirable
preserver of plants is Mr. J. W. Boult, stonemason, of Hull,
better known, however, as an ardent entomologist. His
herbarium gives a total of above five hundred plants, with
few exceptions, all of East Riding growth.

The writer’s own collection, made in, and specially for,
the East Riding, was commenced in the year 1885, and con-
tains, gathered by his own hands during those frequent
intervals from teaching that fall to the schoolmaster’s lot,
vouchers for the great majority of the species that are spoken
of as general in ‘‘ The Flora,” or have the asterisk (*) after
them.

Both of the bibliography and the collection of dried
plants it may be remarked that the amount is, after all, very
trifling ; and this cannot be denied. But at the preserit stage
we have said as much as we possibly can. Should some of
the foregoing appear lacking in relevancy, it may be stated
that we preferred doing justice to all who, we could conceive,
had helped in any degree to forward botanical knowledge,
rather than deny to several any share whatever in the work.

PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE EAST RIDING,

HE connection between plants and the soil upon which
they grow is so close that a sketch of the geological
and geographical features of the East Riding is

necessary. Although the least of the three divisions into
which the ‘‘broad acred shire” has been artificially cut up
for the last thousand years, the Riding is, nevertheless,
of considerable extent, and much larger than several of
the English counties. In the north-east of England it is
that tract of land situated between the parallels of latitude
(53° 34’ and 54° 12’ N.), and between the meridians of
longitude (0° 10’ E., and 1° 8’ W.). Roughly oblong in
shape, save for the south-eastern prolongation known as
Spurn—a spit of sand and gravel partially damming the
Humber and extending for nearly four miles to its termina-
tion at Spurn Head—the Riding is 45 miles from west to
east, 35 from north to south, and ‘thas an area of 750,055
acres (approximately 1172 square miles). Washed through-
out the whole length of its eastern side by the waters of the
North Sea, it has a coast-line from Filey to Spurn Head of
about §o miles, including the fine bays of Filey and Bridlington.
The River Derwent, the main left bank tributary of the
Yorkshire Ouse, during much of its upper course, separates
the East from the North Riding. The Ouse, from the
vicinity of the city of York to the town of Selby, divides
from the Ainsty and the West Riding, whilst the southern
boundary separating the East Riding from Lincolnshire is
the magnificent estuary of the Humber. The general
surface is not marked by such great diversity as that which
obtains in either of the other Ridings. There is not a
mountain or many high hills; in fact, comparatively little

inequality or unevenness of any kind. Nevertheless, the East
18

_—-

= = Se ae

PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE EAST RIDING. 19g

Riding may be mapped out into three well marked geo-
graphical areas, which, it may be stated, are entirely
dependent upon distinct geological formations.

I. The Plain of Holderness.—The Plain of Holder-
ness is about 160,000 acres in extent. Holderness, geo-
graphically, is rather larger than the old seigniory so
called, and for the purposes of this work is held to include
all the land south and east of the Wolds. Although
denominated a plain, being usually low lying and nowhere
above 160 feet above sea level, it is by no means of one dead
level as is frequently imagined, but in many places is thrown
into gentle indulations, as at Paull (Paghill), Keyingham,
Sutton, Rise, Brandesburton, and Skipsea. The numerous
place names in Holdernessian topography indicating this
feature are evidence to the stranger who may never.traverse
the region. Thus there are many ‘‘holmes,” ‘‘hills,”
‘*barffs” (probably an alternative of ‘‘broughs’’), and
‘*rises,” which will be recognised in the appended topo-
graphical lists. In the landscape many a hamlet or farm-
stead marks the site bearing one or other of these names..
Geologically, Holderness is a remarkably interesting example
of a Boulder Clay district, its undulations being due to the
irregular accumulations of moraine debris left by the great
ice cap and glaciers of the Pleistocene Epoch. The
hummocky appearance of the district, the contents of the
gravels and clay with their far-travelled Cumbrian, West
Riding, and Norwegian boulders, sub-arctic fossil shells,
and peculiarly scratched and smoothed stones, all point
to ice as the agent of ‘construction which helped most of
all to form the land now constituting Holderness. In the
hollows between the ‘‘rises’’ and hills above mentioned,
there have formerly existed many small lakes (meres or
‘‘mars”’), the natural resultants of the region being ¢overed
with ice. These have nearly all vanished owing to natural
filling up and artificial drainage, but their former presence
is proved by their present marshy conditions or peaty
subsoil, as well as by the many place names incorporating
the words ‘‘mar” and ‘‘ mere,” e.g., Marton, Marfleet, and
Sand-le-mere.

Besides these evidences the old beds of lakes are often
well exposed in cliff sections on the coast, where their
existence has been revealed by the erosive action of the sea.
At Barmston Drain mouth, Skipsea and Atwick Gaps, Out
Newton, and Holmpton, there are well-known instances of

20 PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE EAST RIDING.

such lacustrine remains, which appear lying in depressions
or alluvial hollows of the boulder clay. The beds are of
varying thickness, and in descending order consist of—

. Surface soil.

Peat, with remains of trees.
Shell marl (fresh water).
Boulder clay.

Bw NH

As bearing upon the origin and history of certain mem-
bers of the flora, it may be stated that these lake deposits
are the only strata in the East Riding of interest to the
palzo-botanical student, containing as they do the nearest
approach to fossil vegetation. In Mr. Clement Reid’s
‘*Geological Memoir of Holderness” (1880), and also in his
more recently published ‘‘Origin of the British Flora” (1899),
lists of plant remains from these old lake-beds are given, and
include such species as the Arctic birch (Betula nana), bird
cherry (Prunus padus), oak, hazel, &c. The first of these is,
of course, extinct as a living plant in Holderness, and the
bird cherry, if indeed indigenous, is now very rare. To these
may be added another tree, very common in the peat of the
cliff sections, as well as in such localities as may be dug into
for brick-making purposes. The tree referred to, the Scotch
fir (Pinus sylvestris), still grows in many places both east
and west of the Wolds, and from its remains in the peat it is
more than probably quite indigenous.

Of the lakes themselves that were once so conspicuous a
feature in ancient and pre-historic Yorkshire, only one now
remains in Hornsea Mere, still the largest sheet of fresh
water in Yorkshire, being one and a half miles long by
half a mile broad. All the others, together with their accom-
panying marshes, have been largely drained by the intricate
network of dykes and open drains that intersect the basin
of the River Hull; and Holderness is no longer ‘‘the
merschlie londe”’ of Chaucer’s time. Still there are many
patches of marsh and bog, and land in the next stage to
these, namely, the frequent low-lying and damp ‘‘carrs” and
“ings.” Instances of these occur by the River Hull and its
tributary streams, canals, and drains near Driffield, Wans-
ford, Arram, and Leven, and,.less closely related to the
river, at such places as Marton, Keyingham, and Cottingham.
Watery places, more or less artificial, however, are plentiful
enough in this division owing to the above-mentioned system
of drainage, and in their waters and precincts still linger
many of the hydrophytes (aquatic plants), lineal descendants

PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE EAST RIDING. 21

of the primeval flora ; for although the channels are chiefly
of artificial construction, the aquatic medium is much less
likely to bear upon it the impression of man than is the case
with land under the hand of the drainer, farmer, and builder.

From the nature of the rock structure of Holderness, and
from the agriculturalist’s point of view, the soil is chiefly
strong and clayey when directly over the boulder clay, the
only exceptions being in the alluvial levels and the gravelly,
morainic mounds already referred to. It is not, however, on
the whole, the stiff cold land that frequently occurs on the
boulder clay in more northerly counties, but is well adapted
for wheat growing, pasture, and meadow land, and as such
is very well cultivated. Patches of dry, light soil, grow-
ing oats, barley, and mustard, coincide with the morainic
accumulations above referred to.

Where the land lies near the Humber and its affluents
there is much natural as well as artificial ‘‘warp” or
alluvium, which forms rich, fertile soil suitable for root and
tuber crops, as well as those of mustard and the legumes
(pea, &c.). The many hundreds of acres of reclaimed
land known as Sunk Island afford a conspicuous instance.
It is interesting to note that in the first stages of natural
“‘warping” or retention of silt, plants of a lowly kind play
a very important part in the process. It has been noticed
on the foreshore of the Humber at low water that big dark-
coloured patches or mounds occur in the mud. On examina-
tion of these they are found to consist of an intricate network
of the filaments of an alga (Vaucheria dichotoma, var. sub-
marina, fide W. West) which, growing with great rapidity,
retains particles of mud, seeds, &c., in its meshes, and thus
greatly assists in binding together the silt left by the
oscillating tide.

It may be not uninteresting here to give a fuller account
of the process of natural warping, or making of new land,
just referred to. The process has been carefully studied
at Broomfleet, Brough, Hedon, and Paull; and a notion of
it may be gathered from the following :—

1. The channel of the Humber in many places, particularly
near the banks, is filled with sand and mud banks, whose
presence is indicated not infrequently by a light-ship. These
are often the beginnings of new land.

2. At low water a stretch of muddy foreshore is left.
It is on this that the alga (Vaucheria) above mentioned
luxuriates, holding the sand and mud together and inter-
cepting the fruits and seeds of various plants. Owing to.

22 PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE EAST RIDING.

the alga the mass of mud, when dried, as it generally is in
summer, is rendered into a felt-like carpet over which it is
most pleasant to walk, even when it may be cracked by the
heat rays of the sun into a multitude of characteristic poly-
gonal spaces. From the seeds intercepted in this part arise
patches of three distinct species of plant, namely, Sczrpus
maritimus (sea-side sedge), Glyceria distans (sea flote-grass),
and Aster Tripolium (Michaelmas Daisy). The roots and
underground stems of these certainly catch and detain much
sand and mud, and hence the hummocks that appear dotted
all over the mud.

3. On the edge of the last stretch, near the land, other
plants are added, and particularly Glyceria maritima and
Juncus Gerardi (Gerard’s rush), This seems to be a favourite
summer resort for cattle.

4. Still coming inland, we next stand upon a level strip—
. salt meadow, it may be not inaptly called. Various grasses
and other plants, many with a decidedly fleshy character grow
here, e.g., Glyceria maritima, Festuca rubra, Lepturus fili-
Jormis, together with much Thrift (Avmeria), Glaux, Arrow
grass (Zriglochin), Sea Plantain (Plantago maritima), &c.
This stretch, we have noted, is more’ preferred by the horse.

5. On the land side of the embankment is reclaimed and
usually well tilled land.

The drainage of Holderness is almost exclusively the
work of the River Hull and its tributaries. This river
originates on the edge of the Wolds west of Driffield, near
to which the renowned trout streams unite. These include
Emswell, Driffield, Southburn Becks, and the Gypsey Race,
and further south, on the west bank, the smaller becks of
Skerne, Watton, Arram, Beverley, and Cottingham, also
from the Wolds. On the east bank the Hull receives the
Old Howe (or Hull?), with its feeder Kelk Beck, Stream
Dike, and Lambwath Stream. All of these run through
some of the best botanical, as well as the most decidedly
picturesque ground in the division, and both botanists and
artists would do well to keep this in mind. There are two
or three less significant streams that, coming from Holder-
ness, reach the Humber directly. Such are Hessle and
Humbleton becks; and both these and the River Hull are
tidal, the latter from the city to which it gives the common
name up to Top Lock, a distance of about twenty miles.
This accounts for a number of estuarine species found on
their banks that we are more familiar with on the Humber
shore.

Se ee ee ee

PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE EAST RIDING. 23

II. The Wolds.—Adjacent to Holderness on the north
and west is the second natural division, namely, the Wolds,
a range of hills of no great altitude, stretching in a curve
from Flamborough Head, the most northerly large exposure
of the chalk in England, towards the Humber at Hessle, and
in area occupying 400,000 acres. Their culminating point,
Wilton Beacon (785 feet), is situated about the middle of
the curve near its western edge. The Wolds are flanked,
and in a few places overlapped by the glacial accumulations
described above, and for the most part belong to a much
older geological system, the Cvezaceous. There is no con-
clusive evidence as yet that there are any Zertiary strata
coming between those of the Pleistocene and the Cretaceous
in Yorkshire. Round the western and northern base of the
Wolds there are lower parallel ridges, due to the outcrop
of rocks belonging to the systems next below the Cretaceous,
and by some may be included in the term wolds; but from
their characters being very distinct from the chalk, and
more like that of the division next to be described, we
prefer suggesting that the Wolds be considered as synony-
mous with the chalk. This is a limestone rock so well
known generally that no particular description is much
needed. Its main composition is of carbonate of lime in
a more or less friable condition, intermixed with a large.
quantity of flints (siliceous) and some of the iron compounds.
In south-east Yorkshire the Cretaceous is certainly the most
characteristic rock system, and no better display of its
various formations and horizons, from the base to the top,
can be had in England. In descending order the Upper,
Middle, and Lower chalk, including the Red chalk, all have
numerous exposures ; and below the last are the Neocomian
series, better known as the Speeton clay, so well seen just
north of the Flamborough headland, on the coast of the
Filey Bay.

In thickness the Yorkshire chalk is probably little short
of a thousand feet (G. W. Lamplugh, F.G.S., of H.M.
Geological Survey, estimates it at 1500 feet), but owing to the
gentle dip eastward and to faulting, the actual elevation is
not so great, reaching, as has already been shown, scarcely
800 feet. On this account no part of the East Riding rises
higher than the Infer-agrarian, vegetal zone of the late

_ H. C. Watson’s ‘‘Cybele Britannica,” and therefore, the

question of plant distribution due to altitude will not need to

be taken into account in the present work. At the same

time, perhaps the most striking physical feature of the Wolds

24. PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE EAST RIDING.

is their abrupt termination facing the North Sea, and well-
known to all who navigate the latter as Flamborough Head.
The magnificent chalk promontory, quite peninsular in
outline, has a coast of six miles round, and includes pre-
cipitous cliffs, great cavernous ‘‘holes,” outlying stacks, and
a number of indenting ‘‘ wicks,” or bays. The well-known
lighthouse stands near the easternmost extremity of the
headland, a little over two hundred feet above sea level, but
Bempton Cliffs, as the northern face of the promontory is
named, are upwards of 400 feet in sheer perpendicular height.
Consisting entirely of chalk, except for certain superficial
glacial deposits, and being much exposed to the winds,
Flamborough Head does not constitute a very rich hunting
ground for flowering plants; but it is not without interest
even in this respect, having a few not found elsewhere round
the East Riding coast, whilst the marine botanist will find
his time spent in ransacking the rock-pools at the ‘‘landings”
and in the ‘‘wicks” well rewarded with the discovery of many
alge.

The surface weathering of the chalk has resulted in a series
of rather monotonous undulating uplands (locally called
‘‘wold” or ‘‘ field,” e.g. Driffield ‘‘ Wold,” Kilham ‘‘ Field ”’)
cut into by numerous dales, steep-sided and V-shaped in
vertical section, notable examples being Welton, Drewton,
Bessingdale, and Thixendale. Many of these are dry and
without the appearance of any running water in them, and
are not infrequently partially filled in with chalk and flint
gravel. It is on these gravels and also on the slopes of the
dales that the botanist will do his best work amongst the
xerophiles (dry-loving plants). —

The soil covering the Wolds and the slopes of their dales,
except where derived from the boulder clay sometimes super-
incumbent on them, is of extreme thinness, being rarely more
than a few inches in depth, and does not admit of, or require
very deep ploughing. The sub-soil is not usually solid chalk
but somewhat broken up and fragmentary to a considerable
depth, and this condition, together with the very rubbly or
flinty character of the soil, gives a degree of porosity to the
Wolds that none of the other divisions possesses. The driest
region it is almost possible to conceive, yet these low hills
are well-adapted to the growth of beech trees, barley, and
oats. The pastures of the higher Wolds do not strike one as
very luxuriant after traversing Holderness. Henry Best, of
Emswell, says, ‘‘ Most of the grass that groweth on the
landes, and especially on the leyes of the Wolds is a small

PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE EAST RIDING. 25

sparrie and dry grass, and sheep doe not like it till such time
as it bee well nipped with frostes”’ (Farming Account Book,
written 1641, see Surtees Soc. Pub., vol. 33), and in another
place he speaks of ‘* Wolde barley that chanceth to bee very
thin,” as if it were not unusual for it to be so. And the
general character of the upland ground is still the same,
for the late Edmund Riley, who long farmed 530 acres of
the Wolds at Kiplingcotes, stated in evidence given before
the Royal Commission on Agriculture in 1894, that there was
very little land laid down to grass on the Wolds, and that if
it be laid down after two or three years “it will scarcely keep
a sheep an acre, after the third year it is worthless.” And
some idea of the value of chalk-land from the farmers’ point
of view may be gathered from Mr. Riley’s estimated average
rent per acre, about 17s. Still, little of the surface of
the Wolds is not under cultivation, but it is only by high
farming and the comparatively great facilities for importation
of food stuffs that farming is at all remunerative. The one
physical property which is responsible for the lack of luxuriant
vegetation, either wild or cultivated, is that already referred
to, namely, the great porosity of the chalk.

Further, the fact last mentioned explains why there is
almost a complete absence on the Wolds of any surface
drainage. There are no streams even in the dales, ponds are
absent except where artificially lined with clay, and no district
suffers more from seasons of drought. The water which falls
as rain sinks immediately, and after it has been filtered in its
downward passage, reappears only around the base of the
Wolds in springs, which give rise to streams irrigating
Holderness and the tract west of the Wolds..

The extremely porous nature of the chalk formation on
the one hand, and the clayey character of the lower and
subjacent strata on the other, tell upon plant life in quite
opposite ways. The complete absence of anything like bogs
or marshes on the Wolds, and the extreme porosity of
‘chalk make this an excellent area for the study of xerophilous
(dry loving) vegetation ; whilst the numerous springs which
occur all round their base afford damp alluvial patches
(‘‘bottoms”’) that yield many of the most interesting hygro-
philous or subhygrophilous plants.

III. The Plain of York (part of).—The third physio-
graphical division of the East Riding includes the whole
area (200,000 acres) to the north and west of the Wolds,
and is designated in part Pickering Carrs and the Plain ot

Cc

26 PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE EAST RIDING.

York, or that part of the latter, which for convenience we
shall name ‘‘ Derwentland,” from the important tributary of
the Ouse which intersects it. Geologically this area is
underlaid by rocks of Cretaceous (lower Cretaceous or
Neocomian, Speeton clay being the local name), Jurassic, and
Triassic age; but there is no very considerable outcrop of
these rocks, owing to their superficial envelope of boulder
clay (over the Neocomian), and of a great extent and depth
of gravelly and sandy alluvium over the other formations.
There are gravelly accumulations, morainic in character, in
the vicinity of Escrick, a few miles south of the city of York ;
but far the greater part of Derwentland is evidently an
aqueous. deposit of silt, and is peculiarly sandy in character.
The average depth of this deposit, as derived from the
figures of borings given in the Geological Society’s Memoir
(by Messrs. Dakyns and Fox-Strangways), is somewhere
about fifty feet, being usually greatest near to the rivers.
At Barmby-on-the-Marsh, south of Selby, it is 92 feet;
near Staddlethorpe, 59 feet ; and at Duffield and Pocklington,
58 and 424 feet respectively. Big sandy commons are the
characteristic features of this division, and good examples
are those of Pocklington, Barmby Moor, Allerthorpe, Riccall,
Skipwith, Bubwith, Houghton Moor, and Market Weigh-
ton Great Sandfield, all of which are noted resorts of
botanists and other naturalists. In agricultural parlance
Derwentland is spoken of as ‘‘ The Levels,” a name which is
exceedingly appropriate, inasmuch as it very accurately
describes the division which is certainly the most evenly low
land in East Yorkshire. Agriculturally it is also the most
fertile, and hence highly cultivated over most of its area.
Gradually the commons and moors are being brought under
cultivation ; and there only remains in isolated tracts any-
thing like a wide field for native plants. On the commons
above named are the only true peat-bogs in the Riding, and
these occur in patches where the sand is waterlogged.
These latter facts will not be without their significance to the
student most interested in our original and native flora.

The drainage of Derwentland, as our name suggests, is
accomplished chiefly by the River Derwent, the largest east
bank tributary of the Ouse, together with the Hertford, a
feeder of the same; but there are several smaller streams
besides. One, Speeton Beck, empties into Filey Bay.
Others, like the River Foulness (pronounced Foonay), now
in part coincident with the Market Weighton Canal, and
the North and South Cave Beck, debouch into the Humber

PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE EAST RIDING. 27

directly. As in Holderness above described, there is also
much artificial drainage of Derwentland by ‘‘dykes” and
*‘canals,” and larger ponds of surface water such as that
which was found on Walling Fen a hundred years ago
(Camden’s ‘‘ Britannia”) do not now exist. Near the Humber,
however, there are extensive marshy tracts that are also
being reclaimed, both by natural and artificial means.

As bearing directly on the vegetal capabilities of the East
Riding taken as a whole, as well as being indirectly a guide
to what area the botanist may expect to find still dominated
by native plants, the following figures, taken from the Journal
of the Board of Agriculture (1900), may be of some use.
During the past year the three cereals, together with clover
and permanent pasture, occupied the following areas :—

Acres.
Wheat & we iat wae as ... 64,254
Barley - ef wh on wee ... 73,623
Oats ... ae as Be ast ca ... 95,231
Clover and Rotation Grasses... ae ... 92,232
Permanent Pasture st Ber ie ... 211,220

536,560

Taking the total area of the riding as 750,055 acres, and
deducting the above large acreage of cultivated and pasture
ground, it leaves for towns, villages, gardens, roads,
commons and wastes, and water-ways, 213,495 acres. Of
commons and other ground, usually marshy and in the vicinity
of streams, the area probably does not consist of more than
5000 acres, and this area is continually diminishing to such an
extent, indeed, that, in the not very distant future, the only
plant study available will be economic, or one of plant im-
migration, including the cereals, valuable to man, and the
aliens, colonists, and others, that are introduced therewith.
To prevent the disappointment that has frequently been ex-
perienced in our rambles throughout the East Riding, it may
be well to give a word of caution against accepting such
_ statements as are still perpetuated in recent guide books, to
the effect that ‘‘ hundreds of acres in the parish are heath or
waste land;” for example, of Weal, near Beverley, where
there is now scarcely a yard not under severe cultivation.
The summaries appended will be found fairly exhaustive and
corrective of previous mistakes on this head.

In brief, the geological facts hinted at in the preceding
may be summarised as under; and if the table be used with

28 PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE EAST RIDING.

the map and diagrammatic section, the foundation of our
geography may be taken in at a glance :—

TABLE OF GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS EXPOSED IN THE
East RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

WHERE EXPOSED.

Spurn i ... Sand Dunes
Near Selby sa sae eel Recentand
Wold valleys... Chalk gravels + Post-
Commons in Derwentld. Peat | glacial.

5 3 Sands

Post Tertiary
Quaternary

Holderness, and coast)

of Filey Bay ... Boulder clays& gravels Glacial
Flambro’ ... Upper chalk 7]
Wolds, Hessle, &. ... Middle chalk \ pues | 5
ee ‘i ... Lower chalk re gy
ent fNeocomian (Speeton | Lower =
PCEEON 7" 9 Cac peti eae) | Grotaenone 3
Bottoms of Wold dales ( Upper
S. Cave, & Burdale a Kimeridge clay | Oolite
Leavening Ss Upper Calcareous Grit :
oe | 3
oralline Oolite =
Lower Calcareous Grit ee S)
Base of Wold ey ate rales
Raia Oxford clay Z a
Do., and South Cave . Kelloways rock s i
Do., do., &e. Millepore limestone! Y 2s
Estuarine sandstones “Oolit je ut fe
Dogger a
North Cave _... ... Upper Lias |
Middle Lias Lias
Lower Lias j
ee Spin ... Rheetic Beds (?)
olme-on-Spalding Keuper (Upper New Sunes
Moor ... AK { Red sandstone) } Triassic

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TOPOGRAPHICAL SUMMARY.

HE following is a list of places of botanical interest.
The names in larger type are the centres, always on
railways, whence the places immediately following

may be visited. The nature of the ground is given after
the various groups.

Filey Bay and Holderness (Coast of).—Finey,
SPEETON, BEMPTON, Flamborough—Clay and chalk cliffs.
Bripiincton, Barmston—Gravels, sands, lacustrine deposits.
HornsEa-mere, Ulrome, Skipsea, Atwick—Boulder clay
cliffs and lacustrine deposits. Aldborough and Garton (see
preceding). WiITHERNSEA, Sand-le-mere, Holmpton, Out

Newton, Easington, Kilnsea, Spurn—Boulder clay cliffs,
lacustrine deposits, and sands.

Holderness (Central Part). — Hutron - CRANSWICK,
North Frodingham, BEVERLEY, Brandesburton, Catwick—
Glacial gravels, ‘‘barffs.” Leven, Routh, Meaux, Wood-
mansey, Wawne—Carrs (grass, intersected by drains and
dykes). Swine, SKIRLAUGH, BURTON CoNSTABLE, Rise,
Withernwick—Boulder clays and gravels, with interspersed
alluvial hollows. Epon, Paull and Paull Holme, Keyinc-
Ham, Patrincron—Glacial gravels, marshes, estuarine
alluvium, and drains.

Holderness (Western Side, but not on the edge of
the Chalk).—Burtron AGNES, LOWTHORPE, Kilham, NAFFER-
TON, GREAT DRIFFIELD, LOCKINGTON, ARRAM, Lund, CHERRY
Burton, South Dalton Moor, Etton, Leckonfield, BEVERLEY,
Bishop Burton, Walkington, CotrtincHaM—Boulder clay,
chalk, gravels, much alluvium, river, drains, and marshes.

29

30 TOPOGRAPHICAL SUMMARY.

Hu.i.t, Hesste—Humber Shores, River Hull and much
alluvium.

Wolds (Central Part)—Hunmansy, Wold Newton, Fox-
holes, Weaverthorpe, Kirbygrindalyth, Sledmere, BURDALE,
FimBer, WeEtTWwANG, North Dalton, MippLETON-oN-WOLDs,
Lirtte WeIcHTON, Risby, Skidby—Chalk and V-dales, with
dry chalk gravels.

Wolds (Western Edge).—Ganrton, SHERBURN, RILLING-
TON, Wintringham, SETTRINGTON, NorTH GRimsTON, Langton
Road, Burythorpe, Acklam, Thixendale, Kirby-under-dale,
Bishop Wilton, and Great Givendale; Warter, NUNBURNHOLME,
Londesborough, MARKET WEIGHTON, Sancton, SouTH CAVE,
Newbald, Brantingham, Broucu, Elloughton and Welton—
Chalk dales on at least one side of the above, and sand and
gravels on the other, with numerous springs and marshy
places.

Derwentland (East of the River, including part of
Pickering Carrs).—STaxTon, East and West HESLERTON,
SETTRINGTON, Bugthorpe, Fancross, Wilberfoss, BARMBY
Moor, Allerthorpe—Alluvium, Sandy Commons, with un-
cultivated patches. HoLtme-on-Spalding-Moor, Seaton Ross
—A little moorland and much cultivated sandy alluvium.

Derwentland (West of the River).—Folkton, YEp1Nc-
TON, Welham, Kirkham Abbey, Firby—River and woods.
STAMFORD BripGE—Gravelly and sandy alluvium. Catton,
Sutton-on-Derwent, Ellerton, Bubwith, WRESSLE, HOwpDEN,
Barmpsy-in-the-Marsh—Commons, alluvium, drains, and
‘‘delphs.”* York, Fulford, NaBuRN, SELBY, Barlby, RIccALL,
Skipwith, and Cliff.—Sandy alluvial commons, with more
heather than elsewhere in the East Riding, and the River
Ouse.

* Ponds.

METEOROLOGY.

LANTS to a great extent are dependent for their healthy
existence upon climatic conditions. Each species has
a minimum temperature, 32° F. (0° C.), below which
growth is arrested, and in some cases the plant actually dies
owing to the freezing of the cell contents and the subsequent
rupture of the cell walls. After periods of severe frost, it is
not unusual for numbers of the less hardy species—e.g.,
laurel, gorse, &c., to be killed.

On the other hand, plants have a maximum temperature,
about 122° F. (50° C.), above which none will live. In
our latitude this temperature is never reached, although
indirectly a spell of very hot weather may so deprive the
more sandy tracts of moisture that vegetation gets parched
or scorched up. Between the minimum and maximum there
is an optimum, or best temperature, at which the plant
flourishes, and this is found to vary with the species. It
may be taken for granted that a forward season indicates
that the average temperature is high and therefore not far
from the optimum, and conversely if the readings of the
thermometer show a high average temperature, the season
will be forward.

Owing to latitude, the East Riding climate is that charac- |
teristic of the cold temperate zone of the Northern Hemlsphere.

The physical features, the two plains, divided by the Wolds
and the proximity of the North Sea, have an appreciable
effect on the climate. There is, for example, found to be
slightly more frost and rain on the east of the Wolds than
on the west. The configuration of the Wolds, half enclosing

Holderness as they do, may account for the fact that Southern
31

32 METEOROLOGY.

Holderness is one of the driest tracts in England. Observa-
tions made by Mr. W. B. Pugh, J.P., at Patrington,
and extending over a long period of upwards of fifty years,
show that the average annual amount of rainfall is, perhaps,
the lowest of any other meteorological station in the British
Isles, or indeed, it has been said, of any place in the world
where rain ordinarily falls. By the great kindness of the
assiduous observer just mentioned, we have been supplied with
figures for fifty-two years, and find that the rainfall readings
for that time average 23.31 inches annually.

Confirmative evidence of the atmospheric dryness of the
East Riding seems to be afforded by quite another species of
observation ; for Mr. J. J. Marshall, of Beverley, a careful
student of mosses, notices in this Riding a paucity of species
as compared with the number in the other Ridings, and
attributes the state of things largely to the prevailing dry
conditions, mosses being essentially damp-loving plants.

The accompanying tables, which epitomise observations
made at Hull, Driffield, and York, give information in
averages for the inter-dependent factors of temperature,
rainfall, and sunshine. From these averages the botanist
may know in what state of forwardness or backwardness
he may expect to find particular plants or vegetation gener-
ally. And this is important in some cases of the times of
flowering. For example, we have sometimes noted that
certain plants do not appear to flower at all in a given
district. A season arrives, however, when we do find them
in flower, and then subsequently by carefully noting the week
of the year and the general forwardness or the reverse of the
season, by opportune search the flowers are now invariably
seen. Our failure for years to find the flowers of Viola hirta,
a common species of the Wolds, is a case in point. We
disregard first-flowering records, but we find that the highest,
or best flowering of the various species, is almost constant
to within 10 or 14 days, and this is indicated by Roman
numerals in the sequel.

METEOROLOGY. 33

ANNUAL RAINFALL AT PATRINGTON, E. R. YORKS.
Recorded by Mr. W. B. Puex, Jee

!
ToTaL |

YEAR. inenes: Seas eee, YEAR. ecene |
1847... 21°01 1867... 24°34 1887... 16°00 |
1848 ... 29°60 1868 ... 23°53 | 1888 ... 23.07 |
1849 ... 22°26 1869 ... 27°85 1889... 24°15 |
1850 ... 19°28 1870 ... 22°52 | 1890 ... 20°72 |
1851 ... 21°05 | 1871 ... 25:28 | 1891 ... 23°31 |
1852... 25°43 1872... 33°64 1892 ... 24°12 |
1853... 22°71 1873... 22°63 1893... 19°57 |
1854... 17°43 1874 ... 18°49 1894 ... 27°45 |
1855... 21°33 1875... 25°07 1895 ... 26°71 |
1856... 24°07 1876 ... 30°65 | 1896 ... 23°66
1857... 19°87 1877... 29°82 1897... 24°30
1858 ... 17°16 1878 ... 29°32 1898 ... 22°20
1859 ... 19°16 1879 ... 25°82
1860 ... 28°58 1880 ... 30°76
1861 ... 18°62 1881 ... 24°87
1862... 18°72 1882... 33°40 Average Rainfall
1863... 18°84 1883... 96°37 for 52, years, 293 31
1864... 1276 | 1884 ... 17°39 ee hea
1865... 15°99 1885 ... 26°68
1866 ... 22°52 1886... 24°03

The careful and regular observations made at the Pearson
Park, Hull, by the late Edward A. Peak, Superintendent, and
extending over a period of 32 years, appear in the following
table. The sunshine record is for a few years only.

PEARSON PARK, HULL.
Lat. 55° 45” N., Long. 0° 15" W. Elevation above sea-level
(O. D.) 6 feet.

Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apl. | May June | July | Aug. | Sep. ‘Oct. | Nov.| Dec.
arene f : i —| Annual
_ Average Average
mean | 37:2) 38°5|40°4) 44-5, 49°6| 56°7 60-0 | 59-2 | 55°1| 49°3) 42°8) 37°5) of mean
Temp. | 476°.
| Average Annual
No. of | j74) 1-85) 1-78) 1-68) 2°15) 2°16 | 2°38 | 2°85 | 2-10] 3-41) 2-12) 2 en
re inches of j = = 3 = 0 3 1 “| 20 6 Total
| Rainfall. 27 in.
a Annual
: Bree Average
: 0. 0. . . . Aird . se mee * . . . . k
“| hours of 20+ | 52-5) 95-4| 97°7| 124:1142°7|157°4|147°4| 96-5) 68°8 16:9) 5:5 ete
_| Sunshine. | hours.

* Possibly understated.

34 METEOROLOGY.

Messrs. Lovell’s observaticns at Driffield are averaged in
the next table.

DRIFFIELD.

Lat. 54.0 307; Long. o° 27° 15”"W.. _ Altitude/7G@ feet.

Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apl. | May| June] July | Aug.| Sep.| Oct. | Nov.) Dec.

——|— Annual
Average Average
mean | 36'1| 37-7) 40°2) 43-5) 51:1) 60 | 57°3/ 57-8) 55 | 47-4, 41-2) 35-4; of mean
Temp. 46°8°.
Average Annual
No. of Average
| inches of | 1:51} 1°78) 1-48} 1-60| 2°42) 1-70) 2°14) 3-35) 1-40) 3°66) 2°66; 1-9 | 26°02 in.
| Rainfall
(5 years).
oe Annual

Average

hours of s :
| Sunshine | 42 | 95 | 183/158] 191 184} 173 | 149/145} 100} 42 | 37 | 1414hrs.

| per month |
| (5 years).
\

Mr. Platnauer’s observations at York Museum appear
below, and are extracted from the published reports of the
York Philosophical Society for the twelve years ending
December, 1901.

YORK.

Lat. 53°57, N.; Long. 1° 5 W. ‘Altitude 51 feet.

Jan. | Feb.| Mar. | Apl. May | June July | Aug. | Sep. | Oct. Nov.| Dec.

K i Annual
Average Average
mean | 37:0 37°8| 40-5 | 45°6 | 50°8 | 57°6 | 60°3 | 59°6 | 60°3 | 47-1; 43-9| 39:3) of mean
Temp. 43° ..0im
Average Annual
No. of | 4.0) 1-511 7- : é ; ; , : .ar| 9.191 9.qy/ Average
aches al 1:72) 1:51) 1°32 | 1°47 | 1°84 | 2°34 | 2-20 | 2:98 | 1°68 | 2°87| 2:12) 2:07 Total
Rainfall. | 242 in.
Average Annual
No. of | Average}
hours of | 33-0) 62°8'114°7|144-2|185-8|173°6|172-0|144°7/137 6 86°6| 36-5) 24-1) Total
Sunshine 1311°3
per month. hours.

ve

a Spey

eT <e5

hh ae

7

aa et

mot DISTRIBUTION OF EASE. RIDING
PLANTS.

ACH of the three main divisions described in the
preceding pages comprises two or more sub-divisions,
having their peculiar groups or associations of plants,

which vary with local conditions. Lists of the members
of the associations as observed in the East Riding will
give a fairly clear and comprehensive view of the plant
distribution of the vice county.

I. The Sea Coast has at least three areas, each with
its own group, viz :—

a) The Boulder Clay Cliffs of Filey and Bridlington
: y ry, g
ays,

(6) The Chalk Cliffs of Flamborough Head, and

(c) The Sand and Dunes (of no great extent) chiefly at
Spurn.

In Group (a) the plants are conspicuously pelophiles
(clay-loving) with an apparent preference for the seaside,
and include Ranunculus hederaceus, R. sardous, Geranium
pusillum, Lotus corniculatus, vars. crassifolius and villosus,
Cichorium Intybus, Tussilago Farfara, Convolvulus arvensis,
Plantago coronopus, P. maritima, Rumex sanguineus, and
Equisetum maximum. Of course, many other pelophiles
are present on the Holderness Cliffs, but they will appear
in their fuller association under another sub-division.

Group (4) has a number of xerophiles (dry-loving) such
as are usually found on calcareous soils, but with maritime

tendency, perhaps more correctly ‘‘ halophytic” (salt plants),
35

36 THE DISTRIBUTION OF EAST RIDING PLANTS.
having the fleshiness of this class, e.g. Cochlearia officinalis,
Cerastium tetrandrum, an almost fleshy form of Anthyllis
vulneraria, and Matricaria maritima.

The plants of. (c), the sandy parts of the coast, form a
very distinct association, nearly all the members of which
show a characteristic succulency and a glaucous external
colouring. Take for example Crambe maritima, Cakile
maritima, Silene maritima, Hockyenia peploides, Eryngium
maritimum, Statice Limonium, Convolvulus — (Volvulus)
Soldanella, Beta maritima, Atriplex litoralis, Salsola Kali,
Hippophaé rhamnoides, Carex arenaria, Phleum arenarium,
Ammophila arundinacea, Triticum junceum, and Elymus
arenarius. The last three grasses, together with Hippophaé,
sea buckthorn (the ‘‘dune-thorn” of the Dutch), are the
principal agents in binding together the sands of the
somewhat precarious spit of land forming Spurn peninsula
and headland.

II. The Northern Bank of the Humber, whose
tidal waters wash all three of the main physical divisions
from Goole to Spurn, bears another very well marked group
of plants. These are such as are usually found near an
estuary, and many of them are also of undoubted halophytic
tendency. Although they frequently bear the specific name,
‘‘maritima,” they are scarcely seaside plants with us;
indeed we rarely find any of them except along the estuary.
Of the estuarine association are Buda (Spergularia) marina
and B. media, Trifolium fragiferum, Bupleurum tenuissimum,
Apium graveolens (Celery, an exceedingly common estuarine -
plant), Aster Tripolium, Artemisia maritima, Armeria
maritima, Glaux maritima, Atriplex Babingtonii, A. portu-
lacoides, Sueda maritima, Rumex maritimus, Triglochin
maritimum, Ruppia spiralis, Juncus Gerardi, Scirpus
maritimus, Carex divisa, C. extensa, Glyceria maritima,
G. distans, Lepturus filiformis, and Hordeum marinum.

III. Of Holderness and Derwentland we have next
to consider the vegetation found in watery places, and as
these vary from.the stagnant to the flowing condition, and
also according to the subjacent rock, it is quite possible to
make out several very distinct associations. The habitats
we classify as under :—

(a) Rivers, streams, larger drains and canals.

(0) Dykes (narrow, sluggish, or stagnant open drains),
ponds, and meres (lakes).

THE DISTRIBUTION OF EAST RIDING PLANTS. 37

(c) Marshes, carrs, and ings (damp grassy fields) on the
clay or clayey alluvium of Holderness.

(d) Marshy and boggy places in Derwentland, being
sandy alluvial tracts, and marshy places adjacent to
springs at the foot of the Wolds.

(e) Fields, woods, and lanes of Holderness.

(f) Fields, commons, lands, woods, &c., of Derwent-
land.

Observation of these habitats in order reveals the following
characteristic groupings :—

In (a) the vegetation is, of course, hygrophilous (aquatic
in a high degree), or sub-hygrophilous (z.e., aquatic to such
a degree that if not actually growing in water it is not far
from it). In the waters of the rivers, streams, canals, and
larger drains, often nearly adjacent to the Humber Estuary
already described, grow the true hygrophiles ; on their banks
and the muddy places adjacent are the sub-hygrophiles.
Smoothness of external parts, an almost entire absence of
hairiness, and an internal sponginess of tissue (lacunar tissue)
are marks of hygrophilous plants. For many reasons the
hygrophiles are of very great interest indeed. Their habitats
being less liable to interference by man, they remain certainly
the descendants of the more primitive members of our flora.
The following group is not exhaustive :—Thalictrum flavum,
Ranunculus circinatus, Nymphza lutea, Castalia speciosa,
Nasturtium amphibium, Hippuris vulgaris, Ceratophyllum
demersum, Alisma Plantago, Sagittaria, Butomus, Polygonum
rufescens, P. lucens, all except the first, true aquatics; whilst
Thalictrum and the sedges, Carex vulpina, C. rostrata,
C. paludosa, and the grasses Glyceria ee and Phalaris
arundinacea, are sub- -hygrophiles.

(6) Dykes, and muddy places adjacent thereto, together
with ponds and larger natural ponds or meres, have an
association of plants quite distinct from that held by the
waters of the preceding. If one may give the group a

_ special name it would surely have reference to the Batrachian

Ranunculi (Water Crowfoot), the predominant plants. The
association includes Ranunculus Drouetii, by far the com-
monest form, R. peltatus—of many varieties and forms,
e.g., floribundus and truncatus—R. Baudotii, which affects
brackish water (and most dykes adjacent to the Humber in
low-lying Holderness are brackish), R. sceleratus, R. Lingua,

38 THE DISTRIBUTION OF EAST RIDING PLANTS.

and R. Flammula, Nasturtium officinale, N. palustre, N.
sylvestre, Stellaria aquatica, Lychnis Flos-cuculi, Myrio-
phyllum alterniflorum, and M. verticillatum, Sium latifolium
and S. erectum, Cénanthe fistulosa, C&. Lachenalii and
CE. Phellandrium, Senecio aquaticus, Hottonia palustris,
Lysimachia Nummularia, Menyanthes trifoliata, Myosotis
palustris, and M. repens, Utricularia vulgaris, and U. Minor,
Mentha hirsuta, Lycopus europceus, Hydrocaris Morsus-ranz,
Elodea canadensis, Stratiotes Aloides, Iris Pseudacorus,
Typha latifolia, and T. angustifolia, Sparganium ramosum,
and S. simplex, Acorus Calamus, Lemna minor and the other
three species of duckweed, Alisma ranunculoides, Potamo-
geton natans, P. polygonifolius, P. perfoliatus, P. crispus,
P. densus, P. pectinatus, and P. flabellatus, Zannichellia
palustris, Phragmites communis, and Glyceria fluitans.

(c) Of marshy places, carrs, and ings, or damp grass
lands on the boulder clay, or clayey alluvium of Holderness
—not peat bogs, as these are now almost entirely absent
from this division—there is yet another group of aquatics,
or semi-aquatic species, almost as distinct as that under the
last sub-division (6), It includes Caltha palustris, Viola pal-
ustris, Stellaria palustris, Hypericum quadratum, Lathyrus
palustris, Lotus major, Potentilla palustris, Lythrum salicaria,
Lysimachia vulgaris, Menyanthes trifoliata, Pinguicula vul-
garis, Salix triandra and S. pentandra, Epipactis palustris,
Juncus communis, J. glaucus, J. acutiflorus, Scirpus pauci-
florus, Carex dioica, C. teretiuscula, C. paradoxa, C. paniculata,
C. muricata, C. filiformis, and C. vesicaria; of sedges, indeed,
a wonderfully fine array. Calamagrostis Epigejos, and C.
lanceolata, Lastrea Thelypteris, Equisetum palustre, and
E. limosum.

(zd) In marshy places in the Derwent district, the sandy
alluvial tract and the spring marshes at the foot of the Wolds,
although many of the hygrophiles in (c) are present, there
are also some members of the association never found in
Holderness. Such are, Sagina nodosa, Peplis Portula,
Hypericum elodes, Parnassia palustris (abundant also on
damp clay cliffs, but preferring the sandy or gravelly
bottomed marsh), Drosera rotundifolia, and D. intermedia,
Anagallis tenella, Gentiana Pneumonanthe, Limosella aqua-
tica, Mentha Pulegium, Litorella juncea, Salix repens,
Narthecium Ossifragum, Carex pulicaris, Osmunda regalis,
and Pilularia globulifera.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF EAST RIDING PLANTS. 39

(e) The fields, woods, and lanes of Holderness may be
grouped together, although if strict nicety were observed the
three might have distinct groups apportioned to each, and
the groups would further vary as the soil, which is easily
divisible into two kinds at least: viz., clayey, and gravelly,
or sandy (see in the physiographical sketch, supra). Indeed,
nothing is more striking and remarkable than the xero-
phile (dry-loving) island-like groups that appear amidst
the surrounding pelophile vegetation of Holderness. The
account of the morainic gravels will explain this, and the two
following lists will illustrate :—

1. PELOPHILES—Ranunculus ficaria, R. auricomus, Stellaria
Holostea, Lychnis diurna, Epilobium hirsutum and E. parvi-
florum, Viburnum opulus, Eupatorium cannabinum, Helmin-
thia echioides, Tussilago Farfara, Senecio aquaticus, Pulicaria
dysenterica, Convolvulus arvensis, Lysimachia nemorum,
Primula veris (exceedingly common, whilst the primrose is
almost a rarity in Holderness), Solanum dulcamara, Orchis
mascula, Alisma Plantago, Carex glauca, C. panicea, C.
C. vulpina, and C. riparia, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Equi-
setum maximum, and E. arvense.

2. XEROPHILES (on the glacial gravels)—Hypericum
humifusum, Erodium circutarium, Trifolium arvense, Vicia
lathyroides, Conium maculatum, Anthriscus vulgaris, and
Marrubium vulgare.

(f) The fields (including commons), lanes, and woods, of
Derwentland—a great tract of sandy alluvium. In this area
we have naturally a predominance of the arenophiles, but not
of the sea-side sort (halophytes), or of the xerophiles like
those of the chalk or morainic gravels. The leading
characters of the arenophiles seem to be a certain diminutive-
ness of size, wiriness of structure, and a certain hairiness,
the latter, however, much less the case than in the xero-
philous vegetation of the chalk. The following, not found at
all in Holderness or on the Wolds, or only very sparingly
there, are good examples of this arenophilous association :—
Corydalis claviculata, Arabis Thaliana, Erophila vulgaris,
Teesdalia nudicaulis, Cerastium semi-decandrum, Silene
noctiflora, Hypericum humifusum, Radiola linoides, Saxifraga
tridactylites, S. granulata (the only saxifrages found in the
East Riding, but very commonly there), Genista anglica,
Ornithopus perpusillus, Vicia lathyroides, Trifolium filiformis,
Centunculus minimus, Myosotis collina and M. versicolor,

40 THE DISTRIBUTION OF EAST RIDING PLANTS.

Calluna vulgaris, Erica Tetralix and E. cinerea, Pyrola minor,
Scleranthus annuus, Rumex acetosella, Pinus sylvestris,
Goodyera repens, Juncus squarrosus, Aira proecox, Aira
(Deschampsia) flexuosa and A. flexuosa, Nardus stricta
Molinia varia, Lastreea cristata, and Botrychium Lunaria.
It is somewhat remarkable that no ericaceous plant except
Monotropa affects the Wolds, whilst Holderness has only a
single station for common heather. The sandy commons
afford the only true heaths, and chiefly common heather
(Calluna).

IV. The Wolds (chalk) have a very well marked
association, again of xerophilous plants, but of such as in
Yorkshire are rarely found off one form of limestone or
another. Many of them are larger xerophiles with rough
hairiness or woolliness. The group contains Clematis
Vitalba, Papaver dubium, P. hybridum, Reseda lutea, Heli-
anthemum vulgare, Viola hirta, Linum perenne, a single
species of Saxifrage (S. tridactylites), Spireea Filipendula,
Poterium Sanguisorba, Centranthus rubra (which during the
summer festoons in crimson the disused chalk-pits at Hessle),
Sanicula europza (in other places so much affecting clayey
situations is the commonest plant in woods on the chalk),
Scabiosa Columbaria, Senecia erucifolius, Carduus eriophorus,
Picris hieracioides, Crepis biennis, Campanula rapunculoides,
C. glomerata, Monotropa hypopitys (parasitic on mould or
fungus investing roots of the Beech), Chlora perfoliata, Atropa
belladonna, Origanum vulgare, Calamintha clinopodium,
Galeopsis Ladanum, Plantago media (also on the oolitic lime-
stone outcrop), Fagus sylvatica, Epipactis latifolia, Orchis
pyramidalis, and Ophrys apifera. The most characteristic
grasses are Milium effusum, Brachypodium pinnatum,
Festuca sylvatica, Bromus scuiroides, and Avena pubescens ;
whilst the Oak Fern (Phegopteris Dryopteris) is known only
in one station in the East Riding, and that is on the chalk.

SUMMARIES OF EAST RIDING PLANTS.

OTALS of species according to the nature of their
habitat, of which only types or characteristic ex-
amples are given in the foregoing, are approximately

as follows :—

Hygrophiles (wet-loving plants) :—

Aquatic (immersed or mostly immersed ) a xt 73
Paludal (marshy or near w oy yee oa =o) 2109
Uliginal (bogs) : a a 35

Xero hiles (dry- loving—on chai or grav aia) —
alcarophytes (lime) ah od nti ee Be 32
Arenophytes (sand or gravel)... Aes aah Si 43
Maritime... |... ee oan se be! a Fe 24
Estuarine... me ee ef ee, ade Laageneee 23
Ordinary (growing on dry land generally) ... RAR ... 424
Denizens and Colonists us se aes - epee ils
Aliens... aoe a se — ae a, an AST
Incognita... An we a ae eis és Bo 20
1035

The total number of records of species, together with the
number of their including genera and natural orders, up to
date (June, 1902), may be gathered from the following
table :—

PHANEROGAMIA.

(Flowering plants) Orners. GENERA. SPECIES.

Dicotyledones _... ve: 70 331 761
Monocotyledones ... S. 15 115 237
“Cryptogamia he 8 6 21 37

(Ferns, horse tails, &c.)

Totals 91 467 1035
41 D

42 SUMMARIES OF EAST RIDING PLANTS.

The London Catalogue, ninth edition, 1895, on which our
Flora is based throughout, includes for the British Isles the
following : viz., 98 orders, 543 genera, and 1958 species.
Comparing the numbers in the preceding table with those of
the London Catalogue, we find a high percentage of orders
and genera. It is in the number of species that the total
may seem somewhat low ; we, however, must remember the
nature of the physical features as described under Physiography,
above. General adaptability to cultivation may to some
extent account for any apparent paucity of species, although
in the case of cultivation and the extensive shipping operations
associated with the Humber, whilst there may be a tendency
to exterminate aboriginal vegetation, the loss to a greater
extent than is generally imagined may be made up by
the increased facilities for the introduction of immigrant
‘*strangers and foreigners” (aliens).

Of the 98 orders of the London Catalogue, no fewer than
gt are represented in the East Riding, leaving only 7 orders
that are not as yet accounted for. These are the following,
viz. :—

11. Frankeniacez. 69. Santalacez.
14. Tamariscinez. 72. Empetracez.
15. Elatinez. 90. Eriocaulee.

65. Aristolochiacez.

As regards the number of species, 1035; if we assume
what is scarcely warranted, namely, that the vice county has
been investigated as thoroughly as possible, it must appear
that the paucity is due to lack of variety in the physical
features and conditions of the land. With more thorough
search in every available locality the number of species given
above may be increased, even as regards‘our native plants as
well as our dock waste-ground aliens.

From personal observations made during very many
rambles in the East Riding, and extending over a period of
17 years, the comparative frequency of occurrence of the
species seems to work out somewhat as follows, aliens and
incognita being omitted :—

Species—Very Common Generally =e a ... 130
Pe Common ... Aa Ree sae a oe 220)
a Fairly Common A ... 241
a Abundant in a few Localities yas 48
ss Abundant Locally, or in one or two Localities 27
is Uncommon xe is = a oles:
Px Rare ‘ a aa = te .. 09
7 Very Rare ee Fay He Re Se ne,

SUMMARIES OF EAST RIDING PLANTS. 43

From the physiographical account given above, it will
be evident that a flora has not always existed in the East
Riding. For example, this would be the case when most,
or all of the area was still under ice during the Glacial Epoch.
If vegetation existed then, it must have been of a very
_ meagre character; indeed, such as obtains in ice-covered
Greenland to-day. Nor is it easy to imagine that the plants
now growing here have all arrived on the soil at one and
the same time. On the contrary, there is every evidence
to show that plants, like other organisms, obey the laws
of locomotion and migration which enable them to secure
congenial soil and climate. And these laws are not
‘manifested by leaps and bounds, but are comparatively slow
and gradual processes. Some.of the plants of our ballast-
hills and dock-side ‘‘wastes” and ‘‘tips” arrived only
yesterday, and were welcomed by none save the botanist.
Some of our old garden plants introduced for cultivation
may be a century or two old, and some of their descendants
are now wild and thoroughly well established denizens ;
others came doubtless with seed corn, and look almost
like aborigines, so completely have they made themselves
at home in our fields; whilst others again have been here
since shortly after the Ice Age just spoken of, and by so
_ long possession of the soil may be reckoned truly natives.
Some plants once with us, or said to have been with us
pace, are not now known, and in the Flora are reckoned
“incognita.”

Adopting the late Henry C. Watson’s designations for
_ these groups, we have as follows :—

1. Natives, or aboriginal possessors of the soil.

2. Colonists, or introductions of the historic period.

3. Denizens, or well-established horticultural plants.

4. Aliens, introduced plants not fully established.

5. Incognita—not now known to exist, or requiring confirmation.
Summarised approximately, the 1035 species recorded in
5 the Flora give the following totals :—

For Britain. East Ripinc.

Natives ... iss .. 935 764
Colonists and Denia = ... 100 114
Aliens ae a ie ae son EVS5 137
Incognita ... a ax ts ha OU), 20

1200 1035

44 SUMMARIES OF EAST RIDING PLANTS.

It will be seen from the above that, compared with the
figures for Britain as a whole, the number of recently in-
troduced plants is fairly high, and consequently that of truly
native plants somewhat low. Thus it would appear that on
the whole the East Riding flora has a new or more recent
look about it, in the same sense as we speak of the people of
such a country as the United States. And this is what one
might expect when one remembers the comparatively recent
geological character of the land generally, and the wide-
spread influence of the agriculturist and gardener who have
not been able to introduce their cereals and other plants
of economic value, together with numerous camp followers,
without causing the retreat of many forms that would once
upon a time hold more extensive possession. Yielding to
a certain archeological taste, one might devote much time
and trouble in finding out, if possible, what really were the
aboriginal plants, although assuredly the task would be an
almost hopeless one. The historian who can, so to speak,
stand without the arena and report concerning the events
transpiring within the same, has decided advantage over
one who has to depend merely upon what may be considered
internal natural evidence. But such a person is in a fair
way, at least, to arrive at a big portion of the continuous
natural record. This will be further elucidated by following
the plan and nomenclature of-the late H. C. Watson’s
‘Cybele Britannica” particularly, as exemplified by Mr.
J. G. Baker in his ‘‘New Flora of Northumberland and
Durham” (1868), and Dr. F. A. Lees, ‘‘ West Yorkshire
Flora” (1887). A further analysis, according to ‘‘ Types of
Distribution,” may be made, and such an analysis gives a
very instructive comparison between the elements composing
the flora of the East Riding (vice-county 61, S.E. Yorks.)
and that of other vice-counties, or of Britain as a whole.
Watson’s ‘‘Types of Distribution” were the following,
viz. :—

1. British Type.—Species generally distributed throughout Britain.
English Type.—Species having headquarters in England. diminish,
and finally cease northward.
3. Scottish Type.—Species which, having headquarters in Scotland,
diminish and finally cease southward.
4. Highland Type.—The boreal flora of the Scottish Highlands (not
represented at all in East Riding of Yorkshire).
Germanic Type.—Species having their headquarters in 8. E, England,
and cease northward and westward.
6. Atlantic Type.—South-west of England plants, ceasing towards
north and east.

we

ii

en

LS ee eS

SUMMARIES OF EAST RIDING PLANTS. 45

7. Intermediate Type.—Species having their headquarters in the south
of Scotland and north of England.

§. Local Type.—Species very much restricted in range, occurring in
Britain in, say, one or two places only.

Tabulated as under, the East Riding records of species
according to the above-named types of distribution, we have
the following result :—

WHOLE OF East RIDING
BRITAIN, ALONE,

British Type... by: obs SND O31
English Type _... ue a .. 409 286
Germanic Type ... 4 Ae Sa 26
Atlantic Type ... ae i ear 4
Highland Type ... i J An 20 —
Scottish Type... Sif pe re BL 19
Intermediate Type bey act Seah yal 9
Local Type sae ba ne armies!) o

Total ... He ... 1425 Total... S878
Aliens, Casuals, Xe. ... a eo 137
Incognita ... + ae we Leo 20

Grand Total for East Riding ... 1035

From the above table, and from what has been said
previously, we may gather that the very oldest vegetation
are most probably those nineteen plants of the Scottish type,
together with a great number of those of the British type,
which would follow closely in the wake of the snowline and
glacier as they do northwards to-day. The 272 plants of
the English type, as they are well represented in more
southern England, and are gradually diminishing north-
wards, may be considered as spreading or moving in that
direction; but not having become so widely distributed as
those of the British type, they give indications of their later
immigration ; and the same is probably the case with the
plants of the Germanic type. It will, we think, be found
that the percentage of plants of the English type, which in
their northward march have their last halting place in the
East Riding, is somewhat high. Both English and Germanic
types give a decidedly more recent facies to our flora, and
this is intensified by the recent introduction of so many
aliens, casuals, &c. Incidentally in this connection it may
be mentioned that from a careful comparison of the flora
of the East Riding with that of Friesland and the Frisian
Islands (north of Holland), in the same latitude but separated
by four hundred miles of German Ocean, there is a striking
general similarity between the two; and this is what might

46 SUMMARIES OF EAST RIDING PLANTS.

have been expected from the similarity of physiographical
and artificial conditions which obtains in the Yorkshire and
Frisian areas. Both have much comparatively new land,
river-made alluvium and tracts reclaimed from the sea, Bee
as a consequence there is a distinctly new facies about the
floras of both.

LIST (OF INCOGNIEA, OR PROBABLY
EX TENCT “PLANTS.

REMARKS, GIVING REASON FOR REGARDING AS
NAME. IncoG. or EXTINCT.
Polycarpon tetraphyllum ...In the old ‘‘Botanist’s Guide,” possibly a
mistake for Radiola linoides.
Impatiens noli-me-tangere...At most an alien, even if once found at
Market Weighton.
Lathyrus Nissolia............... In the old ‘‘Botanist’s Guide,” as found by
Mrs. Wharton, near Sigelesthorne—not
recently confirmed.

Lathyrus sylvestris ............ One of Oliver’s Beverley list—we know
nothing of it now.

Rosa, rubella. ...0.0.....0605.65 2. A garden escape, not found now. -

Peucedanum palustre ......... Incognit now, although Col. Machell’s

specimen from near “Bev erley i is still in
the York Museum.

Galium anglicum............... Not recently verified.

Dipsacus pilosus ............... do. do.

Lysimachia thyrsiflora ...... Not recently verified. Teesdale was
doubtful, not having seen the plant
himself.

Rhinanthus major ......... ...Possibly an alien importation at S. Cave.

Ophrys muscifera. ............. A likely enough plant, but probably con-

fused with “the bee orchis owing to its
insect name.

Sparganium natans ............ Not recently seen, drainage having ex-
terminated it.

Elisma (alisma) natans ...... Not recently seen. Possibly an error
ab initio.

Carex Davalliana............... An error. Teesdale’s plant in the York

Museum is not from Yorkshire.

Carex elongata :...2......c.-.,5- Extinet by drainage at Lanewith.

Carex axillamci. maser ncer: Now extinct at Beverley owing to drainage.

Alopecurus bulbosus ......... Unknown now.

Bromus racemosus ............ Drainage has cleared away.

Meliea! mutamsigen. <n -ie- os. One of Oliver's list, likely a slip for

“uniflora.”
Tsoebes; lacustris \.72/-...2e6-- Extinet by drainage.

oe

~ > SSF

BOGne ES, ALIENS, AND CASUALS:

ANY plants not yet by any means naturalised in our
area have been introduced, and are still being
introduced with garden plants, seed corn, and

cargoes of ships. Seeds of the first, borne by wind or
birds, germinate in various places amongst. the older wild
plants, and we designate them ‘‘escapes.” Others not long
since come to our shores grow in our corn fields or on their
borders; whilst many more are found growing on waste
grounds, especially near docks, where the sweepings of
the holds of vessels, dock sheds, and railway trucks are
‘‘tipped.”’ A perfect wilderness of exotics from many lands
occurs near the Hull Docks, and the observation of these
has been taken in hand with much assiduity by Messrs.
Waterfall-and Samuel Mason and the author himself, whilst
their determination has been most kindly undertaken by
Mr. S. T. Dunn, B.A., F.L.S., of Kew, one of our best
authorities on plant ‘‘aliens.”” Besides exotics, there are
plants accepted as British by botanical authorities, but
not for the East Riding. They are usually plants of the
English type, and in the list we have appended no centre
from which they appear to have disseminated. On the other
hand, there are many, as the list will show, which have not
as yet been admitted into any edition of the London Cata-
logue. In former days our dock-side plants would be
designated as of the ‘‘Ballast heap” class, but as earthy
forms of ballast have been replaced by water, the term is
no longer applicable.

47

“es

48 ESCAPES, ALIENS,

LIST.

Ranunculus sardous, Crantz.
‘Eranthis hyemalis, Salisb.
Delphinium Ajacis, Reichb.
Papaver somniferum, Linn.

a. hispidum. H.C. Wats.
b&. glabrum. H.C. Wats.

Glaucium phceniceum, Crantz.

Neckeria lutea, Scop.

N. bulbosa, N. E. Br.

Mathiola sinuata, R. Br.

Barbarea precox, R. Br.

Alyssum incanum, Linn.

Alyssum calycinum, Linn.

Cochlearia Amoracia, Linn.
(Horse-radish).

S. Sophia, Linn.

S. Loeselii.

S. columne, Jacque.

Erysimum perfoliatum, Crantz.

E. cheiranthoides, Linn.

Camelina sativa, Crantz.
b. foetida (Fr.)

Euclidium syreacum, Linn
Brassica Napus, Linn. (Rape).
B. Rutabaga, D.C. (Swede).
Lepidium ruderale, Linn.

L. sativum.

L. virginicum

Cakile maritima, Scop., forma
Saponaria Vaccaria, Linn.
Silene dichotoma, Ehrh.

S. muscipula, Linn.+

AND

CASUALS.

E. Europe.

Yi

Europe.

”

. Europe.

QO

S. Europe.

Levant.
E. Europe.
N. America.

S. Europe.

+ Mr. S. T. Dunn identifies.

Hull Docks,
Near gardens.
Cornfields.
Near gardens.

x) a9

Hull Docks.
Old walls.
Hotham Park.
Hull Docks.
Cornfields.
Hull Docks.
Cornfields.

Outcast from
gardens.

Hull Docks.

9

be

Gardens and
Hull Docks.

’”’

Cornfields and
Hull Docks.

Hull Docks.

Nr. arable fields.

Hull Docks.

’9

Corn & Docks.
Hull Docks.

”

ESCAPES, ALIENS, AND CASUALS. 49

M. pusilla, Sm. S. Europe. Hull Docks.
M. cretica, Linn. ee ms
Mima vulgaris (Lime tree), ees. Escaped.
Linum usitatissimum, Linn. —........... Rubbish heaps
meranium striatum, Linn, = 8 © oa... Near gardens.
memrsetetar. Cammy oN Nr. dwellings.
. Impatiens parviflora, D.C. © ...:..... Casual in gard.
__ Trigonella ramosa. S. Europe. Hull Docks.
T. maritima, Linn.+ oe 3
T. Foenum-grecum.+ a es
T. ccerulea.+ Ac pane 5
Cornilla scorpioides. A “
Hippocrepis unisiliquosa. ¥ a3
Medicago Sativaam lint, | 1 lier rt Re oe, fe
M. falcata, Linn. 5S, Hs We fan a ora a
Peeeeiabicachimcdse see) SO Ss. Be
Meemeeiiotus arvensis, Wallr, ~ ......... 1
' M. indica, All. : S. Europe. iss
M. rugulosa. RSS, ee pen A:
@eitiolium pratense, Linn, —_.............. Seed fields.

a. sativum, Schreb.

Mmercarnatiuins: 3 WR Se ols, fe
T. hybridum, Linn. ; New grass
Beetemans (Savij- tee oo... fields.
-Scorpiurus sub-villosa, Linn.+ Meditern. Hull Docks.
Meiicia sativa; Liuon, 2 esac Cultivat’d land.
Bees Aphaca, Linn, 4 - eneee Hull Docks.
Seeeemirsnius, inn, = oe. =
Meerunus domestica, Linn. = ~)....:.. Hedges.
fetree Salicifolia, Linn. Swiss. Shrubberies &

hedges near.

Muefapariaclatio, Ehrh, 2 2 2 x... In nurseries.
Potentilla norvegica, Linn. Hull Docks.
-P. argentea, Linn. COPE Sa Re ae

+ Mr. S. T. Dunn identifies,

50 ESCAPES, ALIENS, AND CASUALS,

Pyrus domestica, Ehrh.

Ribes Grossularia, Linn.

Sempervivum tectorum, Linn.

(Enothera biennis, Linn.

Bupleurum rotundifolium. Linn.

B. aristatum, Bartl.
B. protractum, Lamk.+
Carum Carvi, Linn.

Feeniculum vulgare, Gaertn.

Coriandrum sativum, Linn.

Caucalis latifolia, Linn.

C. daucoides, Linn.

Lonicera caprifolium, Linn. ——_..............

Asperula arvensis, Linn.
Centranthus ruber, DC.

Dipsacus fullonum, Linn.

Xanthium Strumarium, Linn.
A. Spinoswisy i, ie) ee geen
Achillea ligustica, All.+ C. Europe.

Anthemis tinctoria, Linn. S. Europe.
Santolina chamecyparissis, Linn. 8
Rhagadiolus stellatus, Gaertn.

Chrysanthemum Parthenium, Pers.

’”’

Parthenium hysterophorum.+ America,
Petasites albus, Gaertn. * ~ s. e
Doronicum Pardalianches, Linn. _.........
Senecio viscasus) lnm. a) ees:
Villanova dissecta, Hook.+ Peru

+ Mr. S. T. Dunn identifies.

‘Hedges

Hedges near
orchards.

near
gardens.

Old roofs.
Hull Docks.
Hedon.
Hull Docks.

”

”

Hessle Chalk
Pits and
Hull Docks.

Hull Docks.

”

”

Shrubberies.

Hull Docks.

Hessle Chalk
Pits.

Hull Docks.

Garden escape
Shrubbeties.
Nr. railways

and docks.
Hull Docks.

i i

ESCAPES, ALIENS, AND CASUALS.

Cnicus arvensis, Hoffm.
b. mitis, Koch.
d. setosus (Bess).

Onopordon .Acanthium, Linn.

Mariana lactea, Hill.

Centaurea aspera, Linn.

C. Calcitrapa, Linn.

~C. melitensis, Linn.

C. solstitialis, Linn.

_ C. diffusa, Lamk.+

E Hemizonia pungens.
Ambrosia artemisefolia.

Crepis setosa, Hall, fil.

Tragopogon porrifolium, Linn.

Anagallis coerulea, Schreb.

Asperugo procumbens, Linn.
Borago officinalis, Linn.

_ Anchusa hybrida, Ten.+
Echinospermum Lappula.
Cuscuta Trifolii, Bab.
Solanum nigrum, Linn.

S. rostratum.
Lycium barbarum, Linn.

Physalis Alkekengi, Linn.+
Hyoscyamus niger, Linn.

_ Verbascum Thapsus, Linn. x 7
_V. Blattaria, Linn.

Linaria Cymbalaria, Mill.

_ Antirrhinum majus, Linn.

~ Mimulus luteus, Linn.

U.S.A,
Europe.

America.

+ Mr. S. T. Dunn identifies.

Hull Docks.

’°

y

’”
Village roads.

Hull Docks.

Near railway.
Hull Docks.

Hull Docks &
cornfields.

Hull Docks.
Near gardens.
Hull Docks.
Clover fields.

Cult. land and
Hull Docks.

Hull Docks.

Forms hedges
near the sea.

Hull Docks.

Rubbish heaps
and Hull D’ks.

Hull Docks.
Old walls.

Hessle Chalk
Pits.

Near R. Hull.

52 ESCAPES, ALIENS, AND CASUALS.

Salvia pratensis, Linn.

Rene Hull Docks.
S. Verbenaca, Linn.

ye tateecs fe
Se venticllatay seine) 9) uy weenweose: or
S. controversa, Ten.+ Levant. Mi
Stachys annua, Linn. Europe. oe

Leonurus marrubiastrum, Linn.+ The East.
Lamium maculatum, Linn.

ade Gears Gard. outcast.

Siderits mostana, tine ) 7) 5 Hull Docks.

Plantago lanceolata, Linn.

6. Timbali, Reichb. fil. C. Europe. ia
P. arenaria, Waldst. and Kit. S. Europe. ”

Amaranthus retroflexus, Linn.

Chenopodium Vulvaria, Linn.

Peres, to 9
C.. ‘polyspeauinga, Ioitifi. =) Ue yr ucstie os xe 9
Gamididorrsjorepl, ibsroyake® 9B (iid) ea WBE Stee 5
C-ficioliumesSiiw ae ean et lie eee oe. a

CC, SAAC tee ate MA eal sk yy

ce -murales mine PN a ee este as

("hy bridum, Wiis Aout 23) ee ”
Sueeda altissima, Pall.-- Levant. ae
Salsola Kali, Linn,

var. Tragus, DC. Meditern. 3
Corispermum hyssopifolium, Linn.; __,, ee
Fagopyrum esculentum, Mecench.

(Buckwheat). C. Europe. 3
Euphorbia Cyparissids, Linn. __............ In old gardens.
Mercunalissannuaaicagees 2 eee Hull Docks.
Ricinus communis (Castor oil), ......... i
Ornithogalum umbellatum, Linn. — ......... By side of rail-

way.
Panicum miliaceum. Meditern. Hull Docks.
P. capillare. S. Europe. nn
Peruse AT Soe Ae Ta) he ee ere 99
Setagialwitidiss beativeu) 9 | un ale eee a

| Mr. S. T. Dunn identifies.

S. glauca, Beauv.
S. verticillata, Beauv.

S. italica.

Phalaris canariensis, Linn.

Bromus tectorum, Linn.

B. mollis, Linn.

d. interruptus, Hackel.

scoparius. >

macrostachys, God.+

B.
B.
B. madritensis, Linn.
B. squarrosus, Bab.+
B.

arvensis, Linn.

Lolium perenne, Linn.
e. italicum, Braun.

Hordeum marinum, Huds.

ESCAPES, ALIENS, AND CASUALS.

Europe.

tt Mr. S. T. Dunn identifies.

ae
Hull Docks.

bh)

Rubbish heaps
and Hull D’ks.

Hull Docks.

”
New grass
fields.

Hull Docks.

”

EE «PLAN OF THE Peon.

HE names and order of the species mentioned in the
Flora are those of the London Catalogue, ninth
edition, Part I. For any given plant the first entry

is that of the species number in the London Catalogue, the
insertion of which will obviate the necessity of giving other
references for synonymy, &c. Then follow the generic
and specific names, together with the acknowledged
abbreviation of the authority for the specific name. When
the authority abbreviation is enclosed in brackets it signifies
that such plant is recognised as a species by that authority.
Alien plant names are always in italics. The number which
follows immediately indicates the number of vice-counties
(H. C. Watson’s, 112 for Great Britain) in which the species
named has been found to occur.

Next come the common name when such exists, and
in certain cases, local dialect names also are added.

The word ‘‘native,” ‘‘ denizen,” ‘‘ colonist,” or ‘‘ alien,’
succeeds and marks the rank of citizenship which the species
is supposed to hold (see supra on-distribution). The type
(British, English, &c.) is then given.

The numerals following the last allude to the districts
into which we have divided the East Riding, z.e. Watson’s
vice-county, 61, S.E. Yorks. (1. North Holderness ; 2. South
Holderness ; 3. North Wolds; 4. South Wolds; 5. Derwent
Carrs; 6. East Derwentland; 7. West Derwentland ; see
maps). 1-7 signifies general distribution. The entry of the
other numerals is only for such districts as we have records
rom.

The name of the month indicates the time of flowering,
54

’

Wie 6 aor

THE PLAN OF THE FLORA.

oT
mn

and the Roman numerals I., II., III., or IV. the particular

_ week or weeks when the flowering is at its best with us.

The succeeding remarks refer to frequency of occurrence,
precise localities in which the plant has been observed, &c.
The initials here indicate the authority for record. The
mark *(=J.F.R.) shows that the E. Riding plant has been
seen by the compiler of this work.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

OF
NAMES OF AUTHORITIES, COLLECTORS, &c.,

WuicH APPEAR IN THE FLORA.

SEES Baines’ ‘‘ Flora of Yorkshire,” 1840.

ee. Sup. .....:...... Baines’ “‘ Flora,” with Baker’s Supplement, 1856.

Le Beanland, Mr. Joseph, of Saltaire, a regular annual
visitor in the Howden district, contributed a large
list of plants observed by himself in the district (in
Derwentland).

yen. Bo ........ Blakeston, Mr. Wm. H., Solicitor, Driffield, collaborated
with the late Rev. J. T. Harwood in working up a

4 florula of Driffield and district.

my. N.C. ......... Cheesman, Mr. Wm. Norwood, of Selby, Merchant,

F knowing well the Ouse and Derwent corner of the

East Riding adjacent to Selby, marked a London

catalogue for the plants observed by himself.

eek. D........... East Riding Dialect.

eb. Git... The old ‘‘ Botanist’s Guide,” by Dillwyn & Turner,
ag 1805:
feted ............. Harwood, the late Rev. J. T., of Driffield. Contributed
3 a large list of plants.
M. Bo. Secs vs Harman, Mr. Matthew, of Scarborough, presented an

Herbarium containing many East’ Riding plants
, gathered by himself.

oS re Marshall, Mr. Joseph Jewison, of Beverley (formerly
3 Market Weighton), Chemist. Lists and Herbarium
of Market Weighton and Houghton Moor neigh-
bourhood. Mr. Marshall is solely responsible for the
bryological adjunct to the work.

AG. RR cs vo Norman, the late George, of Hull, Merchant, left
. MS. records.
Bae Po... Peak, the late Edward A., of Hull, City Parks’

Superintendent, furnished many records.

A ER ree ao

1 lS Panera

NV Wo Geis

EL stele: “Wisesn. teases

THE PLAN OF THE FLORA,

Parsons, Dr. H. F., late of Goole, now Croydon, fur-
nished records per G. W. below.

.Petch, Mr. T., B.A., B.Se. (Lond.), Hedon, E. Yorks...
las added several records for 8S. Holderness.

Smith, the late Harold, formerly of York and Hull,
who worked with the late Mr. G. Norman, made a
list of 600-700 plants seen by him in the East Riding.
The list was lost, but Mr. Smith marked a London
estpinsne for the assistance of the compiler of this
work.

Slater, Mr. Matthew B., F.L.S., of Newbiggin, Old
Malton, contributed a good list of the rarer plants
found in the northern part of the East Riding.

Teesdale, the late Robert, of Castle Howard, Chief
Gardener to the Earl of Carlisle. Linnean Soc.
Transactions, 1792-1798.

Waterfall, Mr. Charles, of Hull, very frequently
mentioned in the sequel, has given the greater
part of ten years to the collection and determination
of our East Riding plants, and has, perhaps, the
most complete Herbarium. thereof.

Webster, Mr. George, of Holgate, York, a native of
Holderness, has contributed important lists of records.

Whitwell, Mr. William, F.L.S., 4, Thurleigh Road,
Balham, London, formerly of York, whence he
investigated the part of our Riding adjacent to that
city, marked and annotated a London catalogue for
his findings, and has given much other valuable aid.

Wilkinson, Mr. Henry John, of York, whose investiga-
tions of the Derwentland Commons and botanical
compilations, as Sub-curator (Botany) of the York-
shire Philosophical Society, have been placed at our
disposal.

The Compiler, J. Fraser Robinson’s mark, indicates
that the E. Riding plant has been seen by himself.

Specimen in herbarium.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING
OF YORKSHIRE.

Se

RANUNCULACE:.

1. Clematis vitalba. Zzn., 40.
(Traveller’s Joy).
Denizen, Eng., 3, 4- Aug., I.
Rather rare, but native, or thoroughly naturalised, in
Boynton Woods, near Bridlington. Hessle Chalk Pits,
where it has escaped from gardens.* Lane at Spring
Head, Hull, where the late E. A. Peak thought it to be truly
native.
7. Thalictrum flavum. Zzn., 69.
(Meadow Rue).
Native, Eng., 1, 2, 5, 6, 7- June, III.
Very frequent. Banks of R. Hull and of dykes and
drains.. Cottingham.* Marfleet.* Var. sphzrocarpum,
Lej., at Hornsea Mere (C.W.), and near York (W.W.) ;
var. nigricans, Jacq., at Everingham. *

9. Anemone nemorosa. Lznz., 108.
(Wood anemone).
Native, Brit., 1-7. April, IV.
Common in copses and old lanes, as near Cottingham *

and Swine.*
57 E

58 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

10. Anemone ranunculoides. Linn.

Alien.
Naturalised near a garden at Everingham. (James Back-

house, jun. B. sup.).

12. Adonis autumnalis. LZzn., 6.

(Corn Pheasant’s Eye).
Colonist, 3.
Very rare, there being only one record: Bridlington

Quay (H.S.).

14. Ranunculus circinatus. Szbth., 60.
(Water Crowfoot).
Native, Eng., 1-7. June; Ei

Fairly frequent in all divisions. Dykes in Dunswell
Lane near Cottingham. Burton Constable Ponds.*

17. Ranunculus tricophyllus. Cvhazx., 52.

Native, Hag. «1, 2,07. June, II.
Not infrequent near Hull, as at Spring Head and
Dunswell Lane, near Cottingham,* and Withernsea (C.W.).

18. Ranunculus Drouetii. Godr., 60.

Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.
The commonest form in all the divisions.*

19. Ranunculus heterophyllus. J/Ved. ex p., 43.

Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.
Pools. Grimston Garth and Withernsea (C.W.). Mar-
fleet, near Hull. Dunswell, Cottingham, and Hedon.*

20. Ranunculus peltatus. Schrank., 77.
Native; Brits, ei; 23.65.07. May, I.
Common in Holderness. Var. truncatus (Hiern), at

Sand-le-mere, with very large double flowers (C.W.) ; var.
floribundus (Bab.), at Swine, in old fish ponds, and at
Marton*; and var. penicillatus (Hiern), at Withernsea (C.W.)
and Marfleet.*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 59

21. Ranunculus Baudotii. Godr., 45.

Native, Eng., 2. May, II.
Brackish water ponds, near River Hull (tidal), at Stone-
ferry, Hull.* Saltend Common, near Hedon.*

24. Ranunculus hederaceus. Zzn., 105.
(Ivy-Leaved Crowfoot).
Native, Brit., 2, 3. April, IV.

Not common. Wet places on clay. Flamborough Head
(C.W.).* Also at Withernsea (C.W., 1899).*

25. Ranunculus sceleratus. Zz72., 100.
(Celery-Leaved Crowfoot).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June,
Very common in muddy dykes near Hull and Beverley.

27. Ranunculus Flammula. Lznm., 112.
(Lesser Spearwort).

Native, Brit., 1-7. June, II.
Common in- shallow watery places. Very luxuriant in
the old moat, Skipsea Brough.*

30. Ranunculus Lingua. Zznz., 81.
(Great Spearwort).

Native, Eng., 1, 2, 5. July, II.

Rather rare. Kirkham (B.). Still at Hornsea Mere,
1900.* Dumble Pit, near Beverley (Mr. F. Boyes).* Fine ina
dyke between Beverleyand Meaux (C. W. and Mr. T. Sheppard,
F.G.S., July, rg0r). Near Driffield, 1901 (W.H.B.).*

31. Ranunculus auricomus. Zznm., 87.
(Goldilocks).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, I.

Common on clayey ground, under hedgerows, in Holder-
ness,* and in all the other divisions.

60 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

32. Ranunculus acris. Zzn,., 112.
(Upright Buttercup).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, IV.

Everywhere abundant.* Var. vulgatus, Jord., near York
(W.W.).

33. Ranunculus repens. Zzvw., 112.
(Creeping Crowfoot).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, III.

Less frequent than the preceding or succeeding, but in
all the divisions.

34. Ranunculus bulbosus. Zznn., 102.
(Bulbous Crowfoot).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.

Very common, particularly on the strong land of
Holderness.

35. Ranunculus sardous. Cran/s., 75.
(Pale Hairy Crowfoot).
Native, Eng., 1-2. Aug., I.

Frequent. Holderness and Withernsea cliffs.* A dis-
tinctly clay-loving species. A glabrous form near the docks.

37- Ranunculus arvensis. Zcnn., 68.
(Corn Crowfoot).

Native, Eng., 1-7. June, I.
In every cornfield.

39. Ranunculus Ficaria. Zenn., 110.
(Pilewort, or Lesser Celandine).
Native, Brit., 1-7. March, III.

Very common in damp places in fields and by drains,*
var. ‘‘incumbens ” (F. Schulz.), not infrequent.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 61

40. Caltha palustris. Zznwz., 112.
(Marsh Marigold).
Native, Brit., 1-7. April, I.
Common in all the districts. In one or two places a

form flowers profusely in September, as in dykes in Duns-
well Lane, near Cottingham.*

43. Helleborus viridis. Zzun., 28.
(Green Hellebore).

Denizen, Ger.;) 2; 4, 6:
Londesbro’ (B.). Meaux Abbey.* Wressle (W.N.C.).

44. Helleborus fcetidus. Zznn., 16.
(Bear’s Foot).
Denizen, Ger., 2, 3. March, I.

Inglemire Lane, near Hull, an escape.* Plentiful in
plantation, North Grimston (M.B.S.).

45. Eranthis hyemalis. Salzsb.

(Winter Aconite). .
Alien. 7 Feb., IV.
Very frequent in the East Riding, and abundant in woods
near dwellings. Hotham Park, and fields near Rowley
Woods,* Little Weighton, where it appears thoroughly at
home.

46. Aquilegia vulgaris. Zzn., 60.
(Common Columbine).

Native, Eng., 3, 4, 5, 7-

Rare. In Beverley Westwood (B. and J.J.M.). ‘‘Danes”’
Dyke, Flamborough, and Settrington (M.B.S.). Barlby
(W.N.C.). ‘‘Small plantation in Cottingham” (MS. note in
Hull Lit. and Phil. copy of Baines’ ‘‘ Flora”’).

47- Delphinium Ajacis. Reichb.

(Larkspur).
Alien. June, III.

Rare. In cornfields. Newsholme (J.B.).

62 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

48. Aconitum Napellus. Zznn., 7.
(Monkshood).
Alien. June, IV.

Outcast or escape from gardens. In plantation at
Drewton Dale (C.W.).*

49. Acteea spicata. Lznn., 5.
(Baneberry).
Native, Inter.,” 3, 5:

Rare. Firby and Howsham woods (M.B.S.) and Bessing-
dale.*

BERBERIDE 7:.

51. Berberis vulgaris. Zrnn., 82.
(Common Barberry).
Denizen, Eng., 1-7. May, IV.
In hedgerows at Cottingham.* Allerthorpe (C.W.).
North Newbald.* Barlby (W.N.C.).

NYMPHAZACE AS.

53. Nymphea lutea. Zznn., 91.
(Yellow Water-lily).
Native; Maal. 25 5.O 7 July, I.
In drains. Near Sutton-on-Hull. Hornsea Mere, and
in canals and the Delphs near Hull and Selby, N.E.R. line.*
Stamford Bridge (W.W., 1866).

55. Castalia speciosa. Salisb., 88.
(White Water-lily).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 5. AU .g ie
At Welwick Springs (M.B.S.). Near Driffield (W.H.B.).
Introduced at Rise Park.* Leven Canal, Holderness.*

PAPAVERAGCEA®.

50. Papaver somniferum. Linn.
(White Poppy).
Alien. i
Hessle Chalk Pits. Both vars., hispidum (H. C. Wats.)
and glabrum (H. C. Wats.), have been noted (C.W.).
‘‘Burlington Quay.” S. Hailstone. (B. sup.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 63

57- Papaver Rhoeas. Lznn., 104.
(Common Red Poppy).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. July, Il.

Common in cornfields. Var. strigosum, Boenn, near
Willerby (C.W.).

58. Papaver dubium. JZznz., 104.
(Long, smooth-headed Poppy).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. July, III.

Notcommon. At Sancton (J.J.M.).* Sandholme (J.B.).*
Near Selby (W.N.C.). Brough and Willerby (C.W.).*

59. Papaver Argemone. JLznmn., 87.
(Long, prickly-headed Poppy).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. July, IIL.
Near Howden (J.B.). Beverley (B.). Hull Bridge.*

60. Papaver hybridum. JZznn., 40.
(Round, rough-headed Poppy).
Alien, Eng.
In cornfields aad on Wolds (B.). Near Brough (E.A.P.).

61. Meconopsis cambrica. Vig., 14.

(Welch Poppy).
Alien, Atlantic. July, I.

Londesbro’ (B.) ; very certainly introduced, like a good
many more of the Londesbro’ plants (J.F.R.).

62. Glaucium flavum. Cvantz., 52.
(Yellow Horned Sea Poppy).
Denizen, Eng., Incog. Aug., I.

At Hornsea, recorded by Teesdale (1789), but not since
confirmed. Unknown anywhere else in the Riding.

63. Glaucium phoeniceum. Cranis.

Alien. June, IV.
Hull docks. Common year after year. 1899-1900-1go1.*

64. FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE,

65. Chelidonium majus. Zzun., 96.
-(Celandine).
Denizen, Eng., 1-7. June, I.
Near Cottingham.* Selby. Kirkham Abbey, Kexby,
and Naburn Lane (B.). Welton Mill (C.W.).

FUMARIACEAE.

66. Neckeria bulbosa. .\.£.2&r.
Alien.

Escape, Hotham Park (C.W.).

67. Neckeria lutea. Scop.
Alien.

Londesbro.’ (B.) and old garden wall, Water Fulford
(W.W.).

68. Neckeria claviculata. .£.r., 87.
(White Climbing Corydalis).
Native, Brit., 6, 7. Auge, ip
Houghton Woods (J.J. M.).* Mains plantation,
Holme-on-Spalding-Moor (C.W.). Langwith Common, 1878
(W.W.). :

7o. Fumaria Borei. /ord., 50.

Native, Eng., 7.
Skipwith Common (H.F.P).

74. Fumaria officinalis. Zznn., 106.
(Common Fumitory).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. June, I.
Common in cornfields and waste places near cultivated
ground.*

CRUCIFERZA:,

77. Mathiola sinuata. R.Br.
Alien. June, III.
Waste ground near Hull Docks.

ee SD

Wits

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 65

79. Cheiranthus Cheiri. Zznmn.

‘ (Wallflower).
Denizen. June, III.
Old Walls, Beverley.* Howden Church walls.*

80. Nasturtium officinale. #&.£r., 112.
(Common Watercress).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June; iT.

Very common in all dykes and shallow watery places.
Var. siifolium, Reichb., near Cottingham.

81. Nasturtium sylvestre. &.&r7., 63.
MNative,; Eng.) 1,2, 6, 7- July, IV.

Not infrequent between Beverley and Hull (B.). Howden
{J.B.). Barlby (W.N.C.).

82. Nasturtium palustre. ODC., 84.
(Marsh Yellow Cress).
Mative;; Eis.;! 1,-2,6, 7. June, II.

Frequent. Skipsea in Holderness,* near Skipwith
(W.N.C.), and Howden (J.B.).

83. Nasturtium amphibium. A&.4r7., 46.
Native, Boe. p) Gp 2.5). a June, III.

Common in Holderness dykes, near Dunswell, Lambwath
Stream, and Sutton. Var. variifolium, DC., Fulford Ings
and Stamford Bridge, 1866 (W.W.).

84. Barbarea vulgaris. &.2r., 97.
(Yellow Rocket).
Native, Brit., 1-7. » pully, ts

Frequent near drains, Hull and Cottingham.* Banks of
the Ouse (W.N.C.). Near Howden (J.B.).

88. Barbarea praccox. R.Br.
Casual.
In cornfields on Wolds, Driffield (M.H.).*

66 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

93- Arabis hirsuta. Scop., 96.
(Hairy Rock Cress).

Native, Brit., 3, 4, 6. May, III.

On Wolds, near Beverley (R.T., 1790).* Newbald and
Houghton Moor (C.W.).* Near Heslington Mill (H.J.W..,
1883).

96. Cardamine amara. Linn., 75.
(Large flowered Bitter Cress).

Native, Brit., 6. qi fitbareoe il

Rare. In old gravel pits, in wet places, near R.
Derwent, Kirkham (M.B.S.). Near Howden (J.B.).

97. Cardamine pratensis. Z/nn., 112.
(Cuckoo Flower).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, II.
Very common in Holderness: proliferous and bulbil
bearing specimens are frequent near Hornsea. Var. dentata

(Hayne & Welw.), found in one place near ‘‘Gibraltar,”
R.. Hull, 1897."

98. Cardamine hirsuta. Zznn., 110.
(Hairy Bitter Cress).
Native, Brit., 1-7. April, 1.

Very common. One of the early-flowering spring plants.

99. Cardamine flexuosa. W7th., 101.

Native, Brit., 2. June, I.

Near Snuff-mill, Cottingham,* and in Kelsey Hill gravel
pits.* Bank of R. Hull, near Beverley.* Hall Ings near
Cottingham.

102. Alyssum incanum. Linn.
Alien.

Common on the dock waste grounds, Hull.

103. Alyssum calycinum. Linn.
Alien.

In cornfields at South Cave* and Welton (C.W.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 67

109. Erophila vulgaris. DC., 104.
(Common Whitlow Grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7- April, I.

Sandy and gravelly places and tops of old walls, as at
North and South Cave.* Kelsey gravel pits, Holderness. *

112. Cochlearia officinalis. Zinn., 82.
(Common Scurvy Grass).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 3, 5- April, I.
Very common on the coast, especially at Flambro’ Head.*

115. Cochlearia danica. Linn., 49.
(Danish Scurvy Grass).
Native, Brit., 2.
At Hornsea (Y.N.U.).

117. Cochlearia anglica. £:7., 40

Native, Eng., 6.
Rare. Brough, ‘‘ introduced” (C.W.).

118. Cochlearia armoracia. Linn.
(Horse-radish).
Alien.
Escape at some distance from gardens, Cottingham Lane,
near Hull.*

120. Sisymbrium Thalianum. J. Gay, 99:
(Thale Cress).
Native, Brit., 1-7- May, III.

Kelsey Hill gravel pits, Holderness.* Kilnsea Warren,*
and near Market Weighton (J.J.M.).*

121. Sisymbrium officinale. Scop., 110.
(Common Hedge Mustard).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, II.
Waysides. Very common everywhere.

68 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

123. Sisymbrium Sophia. Zznn., 64.
(Fine-Leaved Hedge Mustard, or Flixweed).
Colonist, Eng., 2, 3, 6.
Uncommon. Bridlington, 1799 (S. Hailstone). Driffield
Wold (M.H.).* Brough (C.W.). Near Flamborough

Lighthouse. O. A. Moor (B. sup.). Common near the
Hull Docks, 1899-1901.

Sisymbrium columnae.
Alien.
Very common. Hull Docks and waste ground.

Sisymbrium Loeselii.
Alien.
Lbid.

126. Sisymbrium alliaria. Scof., 99.
(Garlic Mustard).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, II.

Near all drains and dykes and hedgerows of Holderness
and the other districts.

127. Erysimum cheiranthoides.
Alien.

Near mills, Stoneferry, and on the dock waste ground,
Hull.

128. Erysimum perfoliatum. Crants.
(Hare’s Ear. Treacle Mustard).
Alien.
Garden and cornfield weed. Market Weighton (J.J.M.).*
Plentiful at the Hull Docks.

129. Camelina sativa. Crants.
(Gold of Pleasure).
Casual.
Wolds (B.). Near Market Weighton (J.J.M.).* Abun-
dant near to Hull Docks. Var. foetida, Bridlington
(F. A. 'Lees).

eee oe

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 69

137- Brassica Sinapioides. orh., 63.
(Black Mustard).
Colonist, Eng., 1-2. June, I.
Drainsides near Hull.

Brassica Rapa. Linn.

(Rape).
Alien.

Near Hull Docks.

139. Brassica sinapistrum. Zovss., 112.
(Charlock, ‘‘Brassics,” and Ketlock).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. June

Every cornfield.

140. Brassica alba. Bozss., 82.
(White Mustard).
Colonist, Eng., 2, 4. June, I.

Cornfields, South Cave. All the mustards are, or have
been, much cultivated on the rich alluvium bordering the
Humber, as on Sunk Island, Holderness.

142. Diplotaxis tenuifolia. DC., 41.
(Wall Rocket).
Denizen, Eng., 5.
Rare. Kirkham Abbey (M.B.S.).

143. Diplotaxis muralis. DC., 53.
(Sand Rocket).
Denizen, Eng., 3, 4.

Common. Waste places in chalk pits at Hessle, and on
chalky, gravelly roads near Hull.

7O FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

144. Bursa Bursa-pastoris. Weber, 112.
(Shepherd’s Purse).

Native, Brit., 1-7.
Everywhere by waysides, &c., and as a weed in gardens
and cultivated fields.

146. Coronopus Ruellii. A//, 81.
(Wart Cress).
Native, Eng., 1-7.

Very common on footpaths near cultivated places. Streets
of Beverley (B.).

Lepidium virginicum.

Alien.
West Dock waste, Hull.

148. L. ruderale. Linn., 38.
(Narrow-leaved Pepperwort).
Alien.
Near Humber at Marfleet. Speeton Cliffs (B.). Brough
(C.W.). Abundant at the Hull Docks.

150. L. campestre. &. Br., 86.
(Common Pepperwort).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
In cornfields. Frequent.

152. L. Draba. Lzn.
(Whitlow Pepperwort).

Denizen, Eng., 2, 4, 6. June, II.
Near docks, Hull.

153. Thlaspi arvense. Zznz., 54.
(Field Penny Cress).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. August.

Frequent. Willerby.* Londesboro’ and Shipton (B.)-
Brough (C.W.).* Hull Docks.*

Ae? eer ee

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 71

157- Teesdalia nudicaulis. &. Br., 72.

Native, Eng., 6. June, II.

Rather uncommon. Langwith (W. Middleton, 1820),
same locality (H.J.W., 1890). Holme-on-Spalding-Moor, on
sandy places (B.) and (J.J.M.).*

160. Crambe maritima. Lznv., 32.
(Sea Kale).
Native, Eng., 1, 2. May, III.
Sand-le-Mere (H. Smith, sp.).* Coast between Bridling-
ton and Hornsea (B.). Apparently now extinct, as it has
been much sought for of late, but in vain.

161. Cakile maritima. Scop., 64.
(Purple Sea Rocket).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 3, 5- July.
Very frequent on South Holderness sea coast, as at
Spurn and Sand-le-Mere.* A changed variety is very
common on the Dock ‘‘ tips,” Hull.

162. Raphanus Raphanistrum. Lzv7., 110.
(Wild Radish).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. July.

Frequent in cornfields, especially on the Wolds, as near
Willerby, Kirk Ella.*

163. R. maritimus. 5v., 26.
(Sea Radish).
Colonist, Eng., 3.
Bridlington, &c. (B.).

feo DACE A.

165. Reseda lutea. Lzz., 53.
(Wild Mignonette).
Native, Eng., 3, 4. Aug. TIL
On the Wolds. Drewton.* North Grimston (M.B.S.).
Introduced on the Hull dock wastes.

2 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

“TI

166. R. Luteola. Lzn,, 95.
(Dyers’ Weed).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
Common on railway embankment and in chalk pits.
Drewton cutting.*

CISTINE AZ.

170. Helianthemum Chamecistus. J//., 92.
(Common Rock-rose).

Native, Brit., 1, 3, 4. June, IIJ., IV.

Chiefly on the Wolds, and very common there; also on
gravelly places in Holderness, as at Brandesburton. Dis-
tinctly a xerophile.

VIOLARIEZE.

172. Viola palustris. Zznn., 104.
(Marsh Violet).

Native, Brit., 2, 6, 7. May, II.

Near Market Weighton (J.J.M.).* Hall Ings, near
Cottingham (H.S.). Skipwith Common (W.N.C.). Lang-
with (H.J.W., 1882).

173. V. odorata. Zznz., 80.
(Sweet Violet).
Native, Eng., 1-7. April, I.

Very common in the East Riding, both on the chalk and
in Holderness.* Var. alba (Lange) also common.*

174. V. hirta. Lznm., 72.

Native, Eng., 3, 4. May, I.
Very common on the Wolds in early May. A small.form
is found flowering in Drewton Dale in August.*

Sie a kos

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

“I
[ee)

175. Viola silvestris. evch., 51.
Native, Brit., 2, 3, 4- April, I.

Not very common. Raywell.* | Beverley on chalk
(J.J.M.).* On gravels near Hornsea Mere (C.W. and *).

176. V. Riviniana. Reich., 112.
(Dog Violet).
Native, Brit., 1-7. April, ILI.

Very common, particularly on chalk, as at Mount Airy,
South Cave.* Also in old lanes in the Holderness division.

178. V. ericetorum. Schrader., 83.
(Dog Violet).
Native, Brit., 2-4. May, IV.

Not infrequent. Spurn (C.W., fide Beeby). Var. with
bright yellow spur, Welton Dale, May 27, rgo1 (Y.N.U.*).

181..V. tricolor. Lzn., 112.

>
' (Pansy).
Colonist, Brit., 1, 6, 7. July.
Not very common in the East Riding.
182. V. arvensis. JMJurr., 100 (?).
(Cornfield Pansy).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. August and September.
Very common in cornfields.
POLYGALL.
185. Polygala vulgaris. Linn., 79:
(Milkwort).
Native, Brit., 2, 3, 4- June and July.

Near the railway, Hall Ings, Mr. A. B. Moorby,
Cottingham, June, 1900.* .
F

74 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

187. Polygala serpyllacea. JVezche., 91.
(Milkwort).
Native, Brit., 2, 3, 4. June and July.

Very common on Wolds or dry grassy places, e.g., on
tumuli, Hall Ings, Cottingham.

CARYOPHYLLEA:
199. Saponaria Vaccaria. Linn.

Alien.

Weed in Mr. R. H. Philip’s garden, Hull, and also in
cornfield, Driffield (C.W.). Abundant on the Hull dock
wastes. * ,

200. §. Officinalis. Zznn.
(Soapwort).
Denizen, Ene., 2,6. August, II.

Rare, but seems to be native at Brough, East Riding,*
Sbiptom, near Market Weighton, and Cottingham Moor (B.).

201. Silene Cucubalus. /Vibel., 104.
(Bladder Campion).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, II.

Frequent. Var. puberula, Syme at North Cave (sp. J.F.R.)
and Elloughton Vale (C.W.).

202. S. maritima. /Vith., 78.
(Sea Bladder Campion).
Native, Brit., 1, 2. July.

At Hornsea, but there are doubts about it being this
species.

205. S. anglica. Lznn., 57.

Colonist, Eng., 1-7. Summer.

Common in cornfields. Market Weighton (J.J.M.).
South Cave.* Hornsea (C.W.). Langwith and Heslington
(B. sup.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 75

arr. Silene noctiflora. Zzn., 44.

Colonist, Eng., 1, 35 45 55 6. August.

Rare in sandy cornfields. Heslington (O. A. Moore,
1840). Sandholme (J.B.). At Norton in North Derwent
district by G. Webster (W.W.). In Hull docks.* Waste
ground, Bridlington (C.W.).

213. Lychnis alba. 7/7/., 102.
(White Campion).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, II.

Uncommon in Holderness. Railway embankments and
cornfields near Hull.*

214. L. dioica. Lzn., 111.
(Red Campion).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.

Common in copses, occasionally with white flowers, as at
Hornsea. :

215. L. Flos-cuculi. Linn., 112.
(Ragged Robin).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 5; 6, 7: June, I.

Very common in marshy places, as at Hornsea Mere,
Hall Ings, &c.

218. L. Githago. Scop., 100.
(Corn Cockle).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7- August.
Sparingly in cornfields at Rise, Holderness.* More

plentiful on the dock wastes at Hull.

oor. Cerastium tetrandrum. Curtis, 75.

Native, Brit., 3. June.
Uncommon. At’ Flamboro’ “on a wall” (B.), and on

the Cliffs of the headland.*

76 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

223. Cerastium semidecandrum. Zzn7., 87.
(Little Mouse-ear Chickweed).
Native, Brit., 2, 6. April, IT,
Frequent. Old gravel heaps near Brough, East Riding

(J.F.R., sp., 1898). Spurn (T.P., 1898). Market Weighton,
April, 1899.*

224. C. glomeratum. 7/wz/l., 112.

Native, Brit., 1-7. Summer.
Common, especially on dried peaty places, as at Hall
Ings, Cottingham.* On railways and gravel walks.

oon; C, triviale, Zawk., riz.
(Narrow-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Summer.
Common on edges of grass fields.

228. C. arvense. Lnn., 69.

Native, Brit., 2, 3, 4. May, IV.
Road-sides, on the Wolds, Little Weighton, North and
South Cave; Kelsey Hill, Holderness.* A true xerophile.

230. Stellaria aquatica. Scof., 57.

Native, Eng., 2, 7. July.

‘“Near York and Hull, frequent near Beverley” (B.).
Still found sparingly every year in Dunswell Lane, near
Cottingham.*

231. S. nemorum. Lznz., 47.

Native, Scot., 5. July.

Very rare. Only known in Howsham Woods (Sp. in
Herbm. York. Mus., subscribed by H. Ibbotson, 1850).

232. §. media. . Cyr., 112.
(Common Chickweed).

Native, Brit., 1-7. March to November.

Everywhere in cultivated places. Var. Borzana, Jord.,
at Sutton-on-Hull (C.W.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. FE7f

233. Stellaria umbrosa. Ofz:z., 22.

Native, Eng., 2.
Uncommon. Burstwick, Holderness (C.W.).

234. S. Holostea. Zznn., 1009.
(Greater Stitchwort).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.
Hedgerows and copses, common.

235. S. palustris. eéz., 54.

Native, Eng., 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. June, I.

Uncommon. Edge of Hornsea Mere.* Beverley (Colonel
Machell, 1898, B.). Near Kirkham (B.). Skipwith Common
(C.W.). Howden (J.B.).

236. S. graminea. Zz7., 109.
; (Lesser Stitchwort).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. July.
Frequent in damp ground.

237. S. uliginosa. J/urr., 110.
(Bog Stitchwort).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Junesle
Frequent in wet ground in all the districts.

241. Arenaria tenuifolia. Zznm., 34.

Native, Eng., 5. June.
Rare. ‘‘In a field near Kirkham Abbey” (B.).

242. A. trinervia. Zzv7., 100.
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, I.
Shady hedgerows, very common,

243. A. serpyllifolia. Zznn., 110.
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, 1V.

Very common on chalk and gravel. Var. leptoclados
(Guss.) at Norton by G. Webster, 1886 (W.W.).

78 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

247. Arenaria peploides. Lzun., 72.
(Sea Purslane).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 5. May to August.
Common on the Holderness coast.

250. Sagina apetala. Zznz., 70.
(Small-flowered Pearlwort).
Native, Eng., 2. Summer.
Cliff top, Withernsea (J.J.M.), and not infrequent in other
places. *
251. S. Ciliata. /7., 66.
Native, Eng., 2. May, IV.
Behind the embankment, Saltend Common, near Hedon,
IgO1.*
253. S. procumbens. Lznz., 112.
(Pearlwort).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Summer.
Very common on walks and road-sides.

258. S. nodosa. fensl., 98.

(White Sandwort).
Native, Brit., 6-7. August, I.
Sparingly. Noted at Brough and Everingham.* Til-

mire (B.).
259. Spergula arvensis. Zzw., 112.
(Corn Spurrey).

Colonist, Brit., 1-7. July.
A common weed in cornfields.

260. Buda rubra. Dum., 97.
(Red Sandwort).
Native, Brit., 6-7. Summer.

Sparingly on sandy places, as near Market Weighton
(J.J.M.). Skipwith Common.*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 79

261. Buda marina. Dum., 45.
(Sea-side Spurrey).

Native, Brit., 2, 4, 6. Summer.

. Very common on the muddy foreshore of the Humber.
Var. neglecta, Kindb., is the most conspicuous variety on the
Humber shore.* Brough (H.F.P.).

262. B. media. Dum., 44.

Native, Brit., 4. Summer.
. Not common. Humber bank, Hessle, by G. Webster,
1879 (W.W.). At Paull, August, 1900. *

264. Polycarpon tetraphyllum. Lz., 4.
Incog.

‘“Incognit.” (B. sup.). O.B.G., 673, gives P.W.W. as
authority on fide, W. Brunton. ‘

Be PORTULACE2.
4 266. Claytonia perfoliata. Donn.
(Claytonia).
Colonist, 2.
On sandhills, Spurn (T.P.).

267. Montia fontana. Zzun., 108.
: (Water Blinks).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, IV.
a Near Market Weighton (J.J.M.). Very common, Swine
_ Moor, Beverley, 1899. Saltend Common, near Hedon
_ (1goo).* ‘Tilmire (H.S.). Near the spring's, Wharram Dale,
__and near Settrington (M.B.S.).

_ HYPERICINEZ.

271. Hypericum Androsemum. Lz, 80.

Native, Atlantic. » July.
Londesboro’ (B.); most likely introduced there.

80 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

275. Hypericum perforatum. Zinn., 101.
(St. John’s Wort).
Native, Brit., 1-7. August.

Frequent in the western districts, but uncommon in
Holderness. Brandesburton,* and Skidby near Cottingham.*

277. H. quadratum. Svokes, 102.
Native, Brit., 1-7. August.
Very common in wet places.

279. H. humifusum. Zzv., 98.
(Trailing St. John’s Wort).
Native, Brit., 2, 6. July, II.

Noted chiefly on the sand tract, Holme-on-Spalding-Moor,

but also sparingly east of the Wolds at Birkhill, near
Cottingham. *

281. H. pulehrum. Z7mz., 111.
(Small St. John’s Wort).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.

Not very frequent. Holme-on-Spalding-Moor.* Withern-
wick, on an old terrace of Lambwath Stream. Birkhill
Wood, near Cottingham.*

282. H. hirsutum. JLznm., 89.
Native, Brit., 1, 4, 6, 7. July, IV.

Banks of River Derwent (B.), near Howden (J.B.).
Driffield and Brandesburton.* East Dale, South Cave
(C.W.).

284. H. elodes. Zz, 61:
(Marsh St. John’s Wort).
Native, Eng., 7. August.
Rare, Langwith and Heslington, 1810, W. Middleton.
Sp. in Herbm. York Museum. Still abundant at Skipwith
Common, where it was known to the late H. Ibbotson in

1840. Seen by the writer and others on Skipwith Common
in September, 1goo.

,
q

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 81

MALVACE.

289. Malva moschata. Zinn., 88.
(Musk Mallow).
Native, Brit., 2, 6, 7. August, I.

Not common. Road-side near Sancton.* Riccal
(W.N.C.). Kelsey Hill, Holderness. Near Fore-dike,
between Sutton and River’ Hull. ;

290. M. sylvestris. Zinn., 96.
(Common Mallow. Marsh Mallow. Fruit= “cheeses,” E.R.D.).

Native, Brit., 1-7. Summer.
Waste road-sides, usually near cultivation,

291. M. rotundifolia. Linn., 83.
(Dwarf Mallow).

Native, Eng., 1-7. Summer.
Waste ground and on rubbish heaps. Common.

293. M. pusilla. Sm.
Alien.
Waste ground near docks, Hull.

294. M. parviflora. Linn.
Alien.
Waste ground near docks, Hull.

M. Cretica. Linn.
Alien.
Waste ground near docks, Hull.

M. borealis.
' Alien.
Waste ground near docks, Hull.

82 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. ,

TITIACE At,

296. Tilia vulgaris. Hayne.

(Common Lime).
Alien. June, IV.
Commonly planted, and grows well. Fine trees near
Etton.
297- T. cordata. Muill., 18.

(Small-leaved Lime).

Denizen, Eng. August, I.
Near Rise Park (C.W.).

LINE ZS:

298. Radiola linoides. Roth., 84.
Native, Brit., 6-7. August.

Not common; on damp sandy places. Houghton Moor
(J.J.M.). Skipwith Common, September, 1900.*

299. Linum catharticum. Lznn., 112.
(Purging Fiax).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, IV.

Common on Wolds. Sparingly in Holderness, and then
only on gravelly places.

300. L. perenne. Linn., 15.

Native, Ger:;°3, 4.

On Wolds. Beverley (Dr. Hull). Driffield Wold
CM Ena)

302. L. usitatissimum. Linn.
(Flax, Line).
Alien.

Casually on.soft refuse heaps. Cultivated extensively
near Market Weighton.

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iS

-FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 83

GERANIACEA:.

303. Geranium sanguineum. z17., 63.
(Blood Geranium Cranesbill).
Native, Brit., 5. June, IV.

Only on the cliffs between Filey and Flamboro’; first
announced by W..Whitwell, 1877, and confirmed since by
J.J.M. Near Speeton, 1g01 (C.W.).

304. G. striatum. Linn.
Alien.
Garden escape, road-side, Burton Constable.*

305. G. nodosum." Linn.
Alien.
Naturalised in a wood at Londesbro’ (H. Ibbotson,
B. sup.).
306. G. pheum. § Linn.
(Dusky Cranesbill).

Adien: Geri 1, 4, 7 June, IV.

Long well established, and quite worthy of ‘‘ denizen ”’
citizenship. Wansford and Emswell.* Near Driffield
(W.H.B.). At Londesbro’ (B.). Fulford (B. sup.), now
extinct here (W.N.C.).

308. G. pratense. Zznn.
(Blue Meadow Cranesbill).

Wative, Brit., 1, 2; 7. June, III.

Uncommon in Holderness. Hornsea road-sides and
Birkhill Wood.* Fulford Ings, abundant, Naburn and
Barlby, 1877 (W.W.).

309. G. pyrenaicum. Burm. fil., 58.

Native, Eng., 2, 3, 6. June, II.

Frequent. Market Weighton (J.J.M.). Sproatley(J.F.R.,
1898). Londesbro’ (B.). Langton Wold (Y.N.U.). Near
North Cave, 1899.* Near Cottingham, 1900.* Specimens
in Herbm. York Museum, by W. Middleton, from Kirkham
Abbey, 1810 (H.J.W.).

84 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

310. Geranium molle. Zznw., 112.
(Dove’s-foot Cranesbill).

Native, Brit., 1-7. May to Autumn.
Very common in stubble and fallow fields.

311. G. pusillum. JZznz., 79.

Native, Eng., 2, 4. Summer.
Frequent. Hornsea, Hessle, and on the dock wastes,
Hull.

313. G. dissectum. Lznn., 110.

Native, Brit., 1-7. Summer.
Frequent in all the districts.

314. G. columbinum. Zznn., 76.

Native, Eng., 1.
Rather rare. Driffield (Y.N.U.). Near Cottingham.*

315- G. lucidum. Zinn., 93.
Native, Brit., 3, 5-
Near Cottingham.* Kirkham Abbey (B.). Londesbro’
(B.).
316. G. Robertianum. Lvnz., 111.
(Herb. Robert).
Native, Brit., 1-7.
Abundant in damp hedgerows.

317- Erodium cicutarium. Z’Herit., 104.
(Stork’s Bill).
Native, Brit., 1-7.

Sandy places along the coast at Spurn. Inland at
Brough and Skipwith Common.

!

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 85

318. Erodium moschatum. 2'Heriv., 11.
(Musky Stork’s-bill).
Denizen, Atlantic, 1, 2, 6. July, IV.
Barmby Moor (B.). Spurn (Y.N.U.). Aldbro’, Holder-
ness (T.P.), Igor.

320. Oxalis Acetosella. Lzv., 109.
(Wood Sorrel).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, I.

Fairly common in hedgerows and copses near Cottingham,
Beverley, Swine, &c. Langwith, near York, O. A. Moore,

1840.

323. Impatiens Noli-tangere. Linn., 24.
(Touch-me-not).

Casual.
Market Weighton (B.). Unknown now.

325. I. parviflora. DC.

Alien.
Common in or near Hull gardens as a weed of cultivation.

ILICINE/:.

326. Ilex Aquifolium. Zznm., 105.
(Holly-tree).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, IV.
Common in hedges and copses in all the districts.

CELASTRINEA.

327. Euonymus europeus. Li7., 74.
(Spindle-tree).

Native, Eng., 1, 2, 3- June, II.
Hedges near Anlaby and Cottingham.* York Dale,
Sledmere (Y.N.U. and J.T.H.).

86 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

RHAMNE.

328. Rhamnus catharticus. Zzn., 57.
(Purging Buckthorn).
Native, Eng., 4, 6. June, II.
Uncommon. Mains Wood, near Everingham.* Ina lane
near South Cave on the oolitic outcrop.*

329. R. Frangula. Linn., 63.
(Alder Buckthorn).
Native, Eng., 3, 7. June, II.

Frequent. Lanes near Cottingham.* Langwith Wood,
1866 (W.W.). Skipwith (H.J.W.), 1895.

SAPINDACEE.
330. Acer Pseudo-platanus. Zz.
(Sycamore).
Denizen, Eng., 1-7. May, III.
Common.

331. Acer campestre. Luv., 62.
(Common Maple).
Native, Eng., 1-7. June, I.
Common in hedges, as at Cottingham, Swine, and
Skirlaugh,
Aesculus Hippocastanum.

(Horse-chestnut).
Denizen. May, III.
Common and self-sown in many places; grows well in
the Riding. .

LEGUMINOS£E.

333. Genista anglica. Zznn., 86.
(Needle Greenweed, or Petty Whin).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, U1.

Not common. Allerthorpe Common (Y.N.U.). Near
Holme River Head (J.J.M.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 87

335. Genista tinctoria. Zznn., 76.
(Dyers’ Greenweed)
Native, Eng., 1, 2, 6, 7. July, II.

_ Not common. North Cave*; Heslington (B.); Sunder-
landwick (J.T.H.); near Foredike (drain), Sutton-in-
Holderness.*

336. Ulex europseus. Linn., 112.
(Furze or Gorse).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.

Common where cultivation does not prevail, occasionally
by road-sides and in pastures on the high Wolds. But for
the preservation and hunting of the fox, furze would soon be

extinct.
4 % 339. Cytisus scoparius. Zznk., 109.
yy (Common Broom, E.R.D. ‘‘ Ling”).
3 Native Brit., I-7. June.

Frequent. Swine, Grimston Garth, &c.

340. Ononis repens. Zinn., 100.
(Restharrow). —
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.

Common, especially in chalky and gravelly situations.
Var. inermis, Lange. Bank of River Ouse, near Barlby

D cw)":

oe 341. O. spinosa. Zzun., 71. . -

f : (Spiny Restharrow).

Native, Brit., 2, 3, 4. July.

4 Occasional. North Ferriby, near Humber. North

Grimston, and on gravel terraces, Hornsea Mere.*

Trigonella ramosa.
Alien.

Hull Docks, where there are also three other species
of Trigonella.

88 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

344. Medicago sativa. Linn.

(Lucerne).
Alien.
Escaped from cultivation on the chalk, and Heslington,
Bridlington, Wolds (B.), Staddlethorpe (C.W.). Near
Howden (J.B.).

346. M. falcata. Zznn., 5.

(Yellow Medick).
Colonist.
Near Brough (C.W.), introduced with seed.

347. M. lupulina. Zznn., 105.

(Medick).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Summer.
Very common. On Wolds. Willerby old chalk pit,
and in ‘‘seed”’ fields, South Cave.

348. M. denticulata. Willd., 20.

Colonist, Eng.
Occasional escape near Hull, and cornfields at Wawne.*

M. arabica. /Huds., 43.
Colonist.
On the Dock wastes.

351. Melilotus officinalis. Zam., 72.

(Common Melilot).

Colonist, Eng., I-7. Summer.
Frequent. Hessle. Kelsey Hill.

352. M. alba. Desr., 40.
Alien.
In cultivated fields near Hull, and in the Docks, Hull.

354. M. indica. All.
Alien.
Waste places. Allerthorpe and Welton (C.W.). Sutton-
on-Hull (C.W.). Near the Docks, Hull.

FLORA. OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 89

356. Trifolium pratense. Zzwz., 112.
(Red Clover).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, II.
Common in meadows.

357- T. medium. Lznz., 106.
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, Il.
In shrubby, uncultivated places near Withernwick.

Kelsey Hill and Marton.*

360. T. incarnatum. Linn.

(Crimson Clover).
Casual. June, III.

In cornfields near Howden (J.B.). Market Weighton
(J.J.M.).
303. T. arvense. Zzm., 94.
(Hare’s-foot Clover).

Native, Brit., 2, 6, 7. Aug., II.

In dry situations. North Cave, Heslington Fields (B.).
Var. prostratum, Lange, on Spurn Head, with T. scabrum
(J.F.R.). Skipwith Common (W.N.C.). Everingham
Station (C.W.).

365. T. striatum. Lznz., 74.
Native, Eng., 6. July, Il.
Market Weighton (J.J.M., sp. J.F.R.).

306. T. scabrum. Lznz., 49.
(Rough rigid Trefoil).
Native, Eng. Aug., II.
On Spurn Head, with T. arvense, 1888.*

370. T. hybridum. Linn.
; (Alsike).
Alien. June, III.
Common in pastures.
G

go FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

371. Trifolium repens. Lznz., 112.

(White Clover).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.

Most abundant on Wolds.

372. T. fragiferum. Zzuz., 72.
(Strawberry Trefoil).
Native, Eng., 2, 6. June, IV.

Vicinity of the sea coast near Hull (C.C. Babington).
Very common. East of Hull, near River Humber,* Market
Weighton, near Canal.

375. T. procumbens. zzm., 105.
(Hop Trefoil).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug. I.
Frequent, but not so much as T. dubium.

376. T. dubium. S7b¢h., 1009.

Native, Eng., 1-7. May, III.
Very common.

377. T. filiforme. Zinzn., 64.
Native, Eng., 2. June, II.

Rare. In dry places, e.g., on tumuli, as near Cottingham.*
(fide, Mr. A. Bennett).

378. Anthyllis Vulneraria. Zzn., 105.
(Kidney Vetch, or Ladies’ Fingers).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, II.
Common on railway embankments, and on other gravelly

places. A form with quite fleshy leaves on chalk at
Flambro’.*

379. Lotus corniculatus. Zznm., 112.
(Bird’s-foot Trefoil, ‘‘ Ladies’ Fingers,’ ‘‘ Cheescake
Flower ”’—from its colour).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, -1WVe

Common. Var. crassifolius, Pers., at Hornsea and
Withernsea ; var. villosus, Ser., at Spurn (C.W.).*

eee ee
;

eee Te RR

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE, OI

380. Lotus tenuis. Waldst. and Kit., 66.

Native, Brit., 3, 4. June, IV.

Humber foreshore, near Hessle* (C.W.), 1897. Field
at Kiplingcoates, H. B. Mosier, 1874 (W.W.).

381. L. uliginosus. Schkuhr, 100.
(L. major, sy7.).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, II.
Common in damp places. Pulfin Bog.

385. Astragalus danicus. Redzz., 41.
(Purple Mountain Milk Vetch).

Native, Ger., 1-3. June, I.

On Langton Wold (B.). Specimen in hbm. (M.H.).*
Plentiful in Coneygarth, Brandesburton, where it was first
noticed June, ’99, by Mr. R. H. Philip, in company with
the author and other members of the Hull Scientific and
Field Naturalists’ Club.

386. A. glycyphyllos. Zznn., 64.
(Wild Liquorice).
Native, Ger., 6. July Il.
On gravelly roadsides near Elloughton, Brough, where
it has long been known.

389. Ornithopus perpusillus. Zznn., 83.
(Bird’s Foot).
Native, Brit., 6, 7. June, Ill.
A typical sand-loving plant, frequent on the tract near

Holme-on-Spalding-Moor, at Market Weighton (J.J.M.),*
and Skipwith Common,* 1899.

392. Onobrychis vicizfolia. Scop., 30.
(Sainfoin).
Colonist, Eng., 3. . Auge, IN;
On the Wolds: near Nafferton.*

92

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE,

393. Vicia hirsuta. Gray, 109.
(Wild Tare).

Colonist, Brit., 1-7. Summer.
Common, especially in dry places.

304. V. gemella. Crants, 74.
Colonist, Eng., 2. May, IV.
Marfleet, near Hull,* and at Spurn (Y.N.U.).

396. V Cracca. Lznn., 112.
(Tufted Vetch).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, a
Only sparingly in Holderness, near Withernwick. Com-

mon in the two more .western divisions; near Driffield
(j.d:H.),

of

398. V. sylvatica. LZinn., 78.
(Wood Vetch).
Native, Brit., 4, 5. July, IV.

Rare; found in Raywell Woods, 1888.* Bushy banks
Speeton Beck, Aug., rgo1 (C.W.).

399. V. sepium. Zinn., 110.
(Bush Vetch).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May and June.
Very common in grassy places.

403. V. sativa. Linn.
(Common Vetch Fodder—‘ Lintils”’).
Alien. May, III.
In cultivated places.

404. V. angustifolia. Zznn., 92.
(Common Narrow-leaved Vetch).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Summer.
Frequent. Heslington Fields, Hessle, Skipwith Common. ~

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. ; 93

405. Vicia lathyroides. Zznz., 54.
(Spring Vetch).
Native, Brit., 2, 6. June, I.

Not common. Market Weighton (J.J.M.); on Kilnsea
Warren (A. E. Lynn, 1898); near Beverley (B.).

407. Lathyrus Aphaca. Zzn2., 27.

Denizen, Eng., 2. August.
Hull Docks, &c., in company of many aliens.

408. L. Nissolia. Zznmn., 4o.

Native, Eng. Incog.

By Mrs. Wharton, near Sige ne O.B.G. (B. sup.),
not seen of late.

409. L. hirsutus. Linn., 2.
Alien.

Hull Docks.

air. L. pratensis. Zzn., 112.
(Vetchling, Meadow Vetch).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, Ill
Common in grassy places.

414. L. sylvestris. Zzn7., 62.

Native, Eng. Incog.

Near Beverley (Dr. Hull), probably an introduction, if
it really existed as an escape.

415. L. palustris. Lznn., 20.
(Blue Marsh Vetchling).

Native, Eng., 1. July, II.

Very rare. Formerly Heslington Fields, but now ex-
tinct, and near Beverley (B.), in the last situation R.T. says
“abundantly.” Near Hull, P.W.W. in O.B.G.; now
extinct. The only place where this species still grows is

94 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE,

in marshy ground by River Hull, near Arram, where it
was discovered by the author, 7th July, 1900.* Its com-
panions in the marsh were Lysimachia vulgaris, Carex
paradoxa, Calamagrostis lanceolata, and Lastrea Thelypteris.

417. Lathyrus montanus. Bernh., 107.
(Tuberous Bitter Vetch).
Native, Brit., 4, 6, july;
Not common. Risby Park,* and near Howden (J.B.).

ROSACEA,

419. Prunus spinosa. Zzn7., 108.
(Blackthorn, Sloe).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, I.
Very common.

420. P. insititia. Huds., 65.

(Bullace).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, Il.

Fairly frequent near Stoneferry and Swine.

421. P. domestica. Linn.
(Wild Plum, Fruit, E.R.D. ‘‘ Hoss-gogs”).
Denizen, Brit., 1-7% May, Il.
Frequent in hedges near villages.

422. P. Avium. Luznz., 97.
(Wild Cherry or Gean).

Denizen, Eng., 3, 4. May, II.
Copses and woods on Wolds, as near South Cave.

423. P. Cerasus.: Lim7., 33.

(Cherry).
Denizen, Eng., 1-7. May, II.

Near villages ; escape.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 95

424. Prunus Padus. Zznn., 68.
(Bird Cherry).
Native, Scot., 1-7. May, IV.
Very uncommon in Holderness, and doubtfully wild in

the two eastern divisions; often, however, in shrubberies
and gardens. It grows toa fine tree in our cemeteries.

426. Spireea Ulmaria. Linn., 112.
(Meadow Sweet—E.R.D. ‘‘ Bittersweet ”).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, Il.
Very common in damp hedgerows.

427. S. Filipendula. Linn., 63.
(Dropwort).

Native, Eng., 1, 3, 4: July, III.

Distinctly a dry-loving plant, and fairly common, as at
Wold-dale, Spout-hill, Drewton Dale, and Langton Wold.
It is also on the gravelly mounds (morainic) of Holderness,
as at Brandesburton.* Settrington and Newstead Norton
(M.B.S.).

428. Rubus ideus. Linn., 110.
(Raspberry, Wild Rasp).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, II.

Copses and woods. Houghton Moor, Cottingham, and
bushy places on the Holderness gravels, as at Brandesburton.

432. R. plicatus. W. and N., 45.

Native, Eng., 6, 7. July, Il.

Langwith lane (B. sup.); Skipwith Common (H.J.W.),
first record. Var. hemistemon (P. J. Muell), 5, at Skipwith
Common (C.W.); fide Rev. W. M. Rogers.

442. R. carpinifolius. W. and N., 28.

Native, Eng., 7. July, III.
Skipwith Common (H.J.W., 1885; first record for E.R.).

96 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE,

444. Rubus Lindleianus. ees, 64.

Native, Eng., IV. July, Il.
Newbald (H.F.P.).

447. R. rhamnifolius. W. and N. (sp. collect.), 60.

Native, Eng., 6-7. July, II.
Langwith and Skipwith (H.J. W.).

449. R. pulcherrimus. Meum., 49.

Native, Eng., 7. July, II.
Heslington and Skipwith (H.J.W.), 1883.

453- R. Villicaulis. (Sp. collect.), 53.

Native, Eng., 7. July, Il.

Var. b. Selmeri (Lindeb.), 47, Langwith (H.J.W., 1885,
first record, fide W.M.R.). Var. d. calvatus, Blox., 5,
Langwith (H.J.W., 1883, new record).

459. R. rusticanus. Merc., 63.
(E.R.D., ‘‘ Michaelmas Bramble,”’).
Nat., Eng., 1-7. July, IV.

The commonest bramble in Holderness, also common on
the sandy districts. Langwith (H.J.W..).

461. R. thyrsoideus. Wimm.

Native, Eng., 2. July, IV.
Kelsey Hill, Holderness, July, 1902, C.W., fide Rev.
E. Moyle Rogers.

463. R. macrophyllus. (Sp. codlect.), 62.

Native, Eng., 6, 7. July, IV.
Holme-on-Spalding-Moor (H.F.P.). Var. b. Schlechten-
dalii (Weihe), 31, Skipwith (H.J.W.), 1885.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE, 97

472. Rubus leucostachys. Schlerch., 65.

Native, Eng., 7. July, IV.
Skipwith (H.J.W., 1885), first record for v.c. 61, fide
Rev. W. M. Rogers.

476. R. mucronatus. Blox, 52.

Native, Local, 7. July, IV.
Skipwith (H.J.W.), 1883, new for v.c., 61.

482. R. Leyanus. Aogers, 15.

Native, Eng., 3. July, IV.
Between Sewerby and Bridlington, Rev. H. Fisher, 1897,
fide Rev. W. M. Rogers.

483. R.radula. (Sp. collect.), 63.

Native, Eng., 2. July, IV.
Near Marfleet, Hull (C.W.).

503. R. rosaceus. (SP. collect.), 51.
Native, Eng., 7. July, IV.
Langwith (H.J.W.), first record for the vice county.

506. R. Koehleri. (Sf. collect.), 70.
Native, Eng., 6, 7. July, IV.
Heslington Lane (G.W.). Var. pallidus, Bab. frequent
in copses. Swine*; Bessingdale Wood*; Skipwith Common
(H.J.W., 1883).
509. R. fusco-ater. Wezhe., 2.

Native, Eng., 7. July.
Heslington Lane (G.W.).

522. R.dumetorum. JV. and N., 50.

Native, Eng., 4, 7. July, IV.

Skipwith,* var. b. diversifolius, 51. Chalk-pit near
Willerby (C.W..).

98 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

523. Rubus corylifolius. Sm., 74.
(Hazel-leaved Bramble).

Native, Eng., 1-7. July, III.

Very common in chalk-pits near Hessle and Willerby,*
var. a. sablustris (Lees), near Sutton-on-Hull (C.W.),* var.
b. cyclophyllus, Lindeb.. chalk-pit near Willerby (C.W.),*
also at Kelsey Hill, Holderness, August, 1901 (C. W.).*

525. R. cesius. Lrnun., 62.
(Dewberry).

Native, Eng., 1-7. June, 117:

Common and fruiting richly. The first of the brambles to
ripen its fruit. Several puzzling varieties or hybrids have
been noted in Holderness. Var. aquaticus, W. and N., near
Cottingham and Swine. One of the commonest Rubi in
East Yorks., but its forms have not yet been thoroughly
determined.

529. Geum urbanum,. Z/nn., 107.
(Herb Bennet).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, IV.
Very common in hedge bottoms.

530. G. rivale. Linun., 93.
(Avens).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, IV.
Very frequent, and often showing sport forms, as foliage
leaves for sepals, and proliferous forms (s/s. Hbm. J.F.R.).
Hybd. urbanum (=intermedium, Ehrh.). This hybrid is
also frequent near Cottingham, &c.*

531. Fragaria vesca. Zinn., 111.
(Wild Strawberry).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June.
Not very common in Holderness ; common on the Wolds.

532. F. elatior. Lhrh.
Alien. Jjunexr:

In young plantations, Brantingham (C.W.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 99

_ 533. Potentilla norvegica. Linn.
Alien.
Frequent on the Dock Wastes, Hull.

535- Potentilla Fragariastrum. Zhrh., 106.
(Barren Strawberry).
Native, Brit., 1-7. March, III.

4 very common early spring plant in grassy lanes and
anks.

538. P. silvestris. Weck., 112.
(Tormentil).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, TTy
In peaty places, near Cottingham, Brandesburton, &c.

539. P. procumbens. Svbth., 78.

Native, Brit., 6, 7. June, III.
Houghton Woods,* Allerthorpe, and Skipwith Common.

540. P. reptans. Zznn., 95.
(Creeping Cinquefoil).
Native, Eng., 1-7. July.

Common. The form with double flowers near Market
Weighton (J.J.M.).*

541. P. Anserina. Lznu., 112.
(Silverweed).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, II.
Every roadside. -

543. P. argentea. Zznun., 87.
Native, Eng., 2. July, I.
Only known with us amongst the Dock Waste plants.*

100 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE,

545. Potentilla palustris. Scof., 99.
(Purple Marsh Cinquefoil).

Native, Brit., 1,.2, 6, 7. June, IV.

Lowthorpe, Hornsea Mére, and Pulfin Bend. Driffield,*
near River Hull, Skipwith Common (W.N.C.), near Howden
(J.B.), Heslington, and near York, 1820 (W. Middleton, sp.
in Herbm. York Mus.).

547- Alchemilla arvensis. Scof., 111.
(Parsley-Piert).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Summer.
In cultivated fields, common.

548. A. vulgaris. Zznn., 107.
(Common Lady’s Mantle).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.
Scarce in Holderness, but near Cottingham, on the
Wolds at Risby and Hotham Park. Always poor and
dwarfed in the E.R. when compared with specimens from
higher ground and farther north. Var. filicaulis (C.W.),
near Selby (W.N.C.), and Howden (J.B.).

550. A. argentea. Lam., 3.
Scot., 6.
Once in Houghton Wood, not far from the Goodyera
station, probably introduced as a garden plant and then
escaped. Sp. in Hbm. J.J.M.

551. Agrimonia Eupatoria. Lzn., 105.
(Agrimony).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I.
Sparingly on the chalk. Skidby, Willerby, and N. Cave,*
near Selby (W.N.C.), and Howden, J.B.

553. Poterium Sanguisorba. Linz., 74.
(Salad Burnet).

Native, Eng., 1,2, 3, 4. May, III.

Chiefly on chalk, and very common ; also on gravels near
the sea at Atwick,* and on the gravel hills of Holderness at
Brandesburton and Hornsea.*

oe

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. IOl

555. Poterium officinale. Hook. fil., 64.
(Great Burnet).

.
:
j Native, Inter., 1-7. July, I.
Not common. Near Hedon Drain (T.P.), and in damp
fields at Elloughton, Hotham Park, Newbald,* Driffield
(J.T.H.), Heslington, 1803, W. Middleton (Sp. in Herb.,
York Museum).

556. Rosa pimpinellifolia. Zz., 94.
(Burnet-rose).
Native, Brit., 5. July, IL.
Rather rare; f. spinosissima Linn, only on the coast of
Filey Bay, near Hunmanby, and also nearer Speeton (C.W.,
Aug., I190I).

559. R. mollis. Sm., 71.
(Apple Rose).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, Il.
Sparingly scattered throughout all the divisions. Lang-
with (H.J.W., 1883).

560. R. tomentosa. Sy., 110.
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, II.
3 Not very common. Banks of Derwent (B.). Leckon-
field.* Var. globosa, Hilston (G.W.). Langwith (H.J.W..,
1883).

561. R. rubiginosa. Linn., 62:
(Sweet Briar).
Denizen, Eng., 2. July, Il.
Spurn (Y.N.U.).

564. R. obtusifolia. Desv., 23.

Native, Brit., 1-5. July, II.
( Var. tomentella (Leman) at Claxton (G.W.). Leckonfield
(C.W.).

102 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

565. Rosa canina. Lzwn., 112.
(Wild Dog Rose).
(Fruits = ‘‘ Dog-jumps= Hips,” E.R.D.).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, Il.

Equally as common in all the East Riding division as
Rosa arvensis, and the following varieties have been defi-
nitely determined :— Vars. dumalis Bechst., dumetorum
Thuill, and arvatica Baker; the last three at Leckonfield,
fide Rev. W. Moyle Rogers (C.W.); urbica (Leman) from
Ganstead, Holderness (C.W., fide Rev. W. M. R.). The
varieties dumalis, Bechst.; urbica, Leman; dumetorum,
Thuill; subcristata, Baker; and Bakeri, Desegh., all at
Langwith (H.J.W., 1883 or 1885). Vars. arvatica, Baker
and Watsoni, Baker, at Skipwith (H.J.W., 1883). Var
tomentella, Leman, at Heslington (H.J.W., 1883).

5608. R. arvensis. uds., 60.
(Trailing Dog Rose).
Native, Eng., 1-7. July, I.
Common in Holderness, and on the chalk as near Cotting-
ham, Swine, Willerby, &c. The vars. not yet made out.

569. R. rubella. Sw., 1.
(Red-fruited Dwarf Rose).

Alien, Incognit.
Near Sutton on Wolds (B.). Not confirmed of late.

577- Pyrus aria. Arh., so.
(White Beam Tree).
, Denizen, Eng., 1-7. July, Ill.

In copses, commonly planted and thence self-grown. In
Holderness and on the Wolds. At Cottingham, Willerby.
Var. b. rupicola, Syme, at Cliff Common (H.F.P. in Bot.
Rec. Club Report).

580. P. intermedia. Lhrh.
Alien.

At North Ferriby.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 103

583. Pyrus Aucuparia. Zhrh., 108.
(Mountain Ash).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July U1.

2 Frequent in woods and copses. Benningholme in Holder-
__ ness* and in all the divisions.

584. P. communis. Lz2., 49.
(Wild Pear).
Denizen, Eng., 6-7. May, I.

‘ In hedge near York (B.) (H.S.) an escape. Hedge North
_ Cave, 1899.*

586. P. Malus. Zznn., 88.
(Crab-Apple Tree).

_ Native, Eng., 1-7. May, III.
; Often in hedges. The var. acerba, DC., common. Var.
_ mitis frequent in the neighbourhood of. South Dalton.*

587. P. germanica. Hook. fi.
(Medlar).
Alien.

3 _ Introduced in shrubberies and gardens, Hull and Anlaby,
_ whence Mr. J. Porter has obtained ripe fruit.

588. Crateegus Oxyacantha, Zinn., 111.
— (Hawthorn).
° (Flowers=‘‘ May.” Fruits=‘‘ Cat-haws,” E.R.D.).

_ Native, Brit., 1-7. June, I.

_ Nowhere more luxuriant than in the East Riding. Many

e old specimens near villages, or on the sites of former

ages, e.g., near Hedon and Meaux Abbey. A rosy-flowered

iety frequent near Marfleet, Hull. Var. monogyna Jacq.,
ar Waxholme in Holderness (C. W.).

104 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

SAXIFRAGEZ::

595. Saxifraga umbrosa. Linn., 1.

(London Pride).
Alien.
Londesbro’ (B.), where of course it has been introduced
with many other things that should scarcely have a place in
a flora of wild plants.

598. S. tridactylites. Zznn., 81.
F (Rue-leaved Saxifrage).

Native, Brit., 1-7. April, IV.

Very common on chalky and gravelly places, flowering
in the latter with Zvrophila vulgaris and Cerastium semz-
decandrum. St. Austin’s Stone, Drewton Dale,* on the
‘‘Fairy Stones,” in Burdale,* and on mud-topped walls in
all the drier districts. Hotham and Newbald.* Hesling-
ton (B.). Old house tops near Hull (G.N.).

601. S. granulata. Zznn., 78.
(White Meadow Saxifrage).

Native, Brit.y Ly, 2564, 05,7: June, I.

Locally abundant in Derwent-land, and in gravelly places
in Holderness as Kelsey Hill,* and recorded also near
Brough (C.W.),* North Cave,* Lowthorpe, and Fimber
(M.B.S.).

608. Chrysosplenium oppositifolium. Zznn., 107.
(Golden Saxifrage).
Native, Brit., 2-7. May, II.

Uncommon generally but still fairly plentiful on dyke-
beck-sides near Cottingham,* where it was known in the
’sixties (G.N.) and (A.S.). Langwith, 1810, W. Middleton,
sp. in York Museum.

609. C. alternifolium. Zzn., 70.

Native, Brit., 5. May.

Rare, there only being one place recorded for it—
Settrington (M.B.S.).

_ FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 105

610. Parnassia palustris. Zzv., 82.

Native, Scot., 1-7. August, III.

Common in marshy places over all the divisions. In wet
clayey places. Speeton and Bempton Cliffs.* Bell Mills,
Driffield (J.T.H.). Cottingham Common (G.N.). Brough
(C.W.),* Newbald Springs (near chalk) where it is a
magnificent sight in mid or late August. Drewton Dale,
Allerthorpe Common, Heslington Fields, and Kirkham (B.).

611. Ribes Grossularia. Linn.
(Gooseberry. ‘‘Goosegogs,” E.R.D.).

Alien. May, II.
Frequently in hedges, always bird-sown trom gardens.

612. R. alpinum, Zzzz.,
Denizen, Inter., 1-7. May, II.

In woods near Welton. Londesboro’ (B). Very probably
planted at first and then self sown.

613. R. rubrum. Lznn.
(Red Currant).
Denizen, Inter., 1-7. May, III.
Like the preceding a common escape in hedges.

614. R. nigrum. Lz.
(Black Currant).
Denizen, Inter., 1-7. May, III.

The above four being so admirably adapted for dispersal
by birds, there is little doubt about their denizenship.

CRASSULACE.

618. Sedum Telephium. Lzv., 75.
(Orpine, or Livelong).
Native, Eng., 7.
Heslington fields and Fulford (B.). Confirmed by H.S.
H

106 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

623. Sedum acre. Lzn., 107.
(Biting Stone-crop, or Wall-pepper).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I.

On old walls and roofs; frequent also on gravelly chalk
fields. Weedley near South Cave (C.W.).* Old village
walls in Derwentland (M.B.S.). Flamboro’ Cliffs (G.N.).
Except for the above-named species of Saxifraga and Crassula,
these genera are poorly represented in the.E. Riding.

628. Sempervivum tectorum. Linn.
(House-leek. ‘‘Haslock,” E.R.D.).
Alien.

Often on old wall tops and thatch in villages ; a big crop
on an old cottage in Rudstone village.

DROSERACEE.

629. Drosera rotundifolia. Zznn., 109.
(Round-leaved Sundew).
Native, Brit., 5, 6, 7. July, IV.

Not common in the East Riding. Skipwith Common
(W.N.C. and H.J.W.). Near Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

630. D. anglica. Huds., 55.
(Great Sundew).
Native, Scot., 5.

Scagglethorpe, now extinct (M.B.S., who has specimens
formerly gathered in this station).

631. D. intermedia. Hayne., 53.
(Long-leaved Sundew).

Native, Eng., 6, 7. July, IV.

Near Market Weighton (J.J.M.). Skipwith (W.N.C. and
H.J.W., 1883). Seen by the writer and Mr. C. Waterfall in
the years 1899 and 1900 in the latter situation.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 107

HALORAGEE.

632. Hippuris vulgaris. Lzz., 90.
(Mare’s Tail).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. June, I.
Very common in all open drains of Holderness, Hornsea

Mere, &c. In the Derwent and at Londesboro’ (B.).
Welham and Beck Mill stream, near Malton (M.B.S.).

633. Myriophyllum verticillatum. Zznm., 49.

Native, Eng., 1, 2, 6. June, IV.

Uncommon, but at Marton near Burton Constable,*
ditches near Beverley (R.T.), Leckonfield moat, ‘‘delphs”
near Staddlethorpe (C.W.).

634. M. spicatum. Lznm., 78.
(Milfoil).
Native, Brit.,1;'2) 5,6, 7: June, I.
In stagnant ponds, drains, and Dykes in Holderness, and

near Selby (W.N.C.). Hornsea Mere (C.W.). Not so
common as the following.

635. M. alterniflorum. DC., 8o.

Native, Brit., 1, 2. Junek
Kelsey gravel pits, near Keyingham.* Dykes near Hull,
“very common” (Y.N.U.).

636. Callitriche verna. Lzm., —
(Water Starwort).
Native, Brit., 1, 7. May, III.
In stagnant shallow water of most dykes.

637. C. stagnalis. Scop., 93.
_ (Mud Starwort).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June.
The common form. |

108 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

639. Callitriche hamulata. Kuvezz,
(Linear-leaved Starwort).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June.

As common, or commoner than the above-named species,
and gets most luxuriant in flowing water.

640. C. obtusangula. Ze Gall, 27.
Native, Eng., 1.
Very rare. Grimston in Holderness (G.W.).

LYPTHRARIEZ.

643. Peplis Portula. Zznz., 98.
(Water Purslane).
Native, Brit., 6, 7. july, 2V;

Rare. Wet places in Houghton Woods (J.J.M., 1892),
and on Skipwith Common, 1883 (H.J.W.).

644. Lythrum Salicaria. Lznn., 92.
(Purple Loose-strife).
Native, Bnew, 1, 2,75.) 0,:7- Aug., II.

Plentiful in Holderness and Derwentland near dykes, and
in marshy places near R. Hull; very beautiful when in flower
en masse.*

ONAGRARIE.,

646. Epilobium angustifolium. Zznz., 96.
(Rose bay Willow Herb).

Native, Brit., 3, 4, 6, 7. AUS. . ane

Houghton Woods; near South Cave.* Yorkdale and
Sledmere Woods (M.B.S.). Elloughton Vale (C.W.). Skip-
with Common.*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 109

647. Epilobium hirsutum. Lzm., 96.
(Great Hairy Willow Herb).
Native, Eng., 1-7. Aug., 1.
Dykes. Common in all divisions.

648. E. parviflorum. Scred., 103.
(Small-flowered Willow Herb).

. Native, Brit., 1-7 Aug., I.
Frequent near Cottingham * and Selby (W.N.C.).

:

3 649. E. montanum. Lzmn., 112.

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I.

Common, and generally distributed.

651. BE. roseum. Schreb., 46.

Native, Eng., 2. July, Ill.
Once on a dyke-side in lane near Cottingham (E.A.P.).

653. E. obscurum. Schreb., 97.
(Square-stalked Willow Herb).

Native, Brit., 2, 7. July, Ill.
Fulford gravel pit (B.), and near Beverley (R.T.).

555. m. palustre. Lzu2., 110.

Native, Brit., 1-7. jaly; ATT:
Common in dykes near Hull and Cottingham.

659. CEnothera biennis. Linn.

(Evening Primrose).
Alien. August.

661. Circsea lutetiana. Zznn., 103.
(Enchanter’s Nightshade).

Native, Brit., 1-7. july, 4h

On the roadside between Beverley and Hull. Birkhill,
and at Willerby.* Frequent near York (B.).

IIo FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. -

CUCURBITACEZ::

663. Bryonia dioica. /acg., 59.
(Bryony vine, ‘‘ Mandrakes”’).
Native, Eng., 6, 7. June, [El
Frequent. North and South Cave, Weedley dale ;

Beverley (Dr. Hull), near Selby (W.N.C.); a xerophilous
plant.

UMBELLIFER/.

664. Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Zzum., 110.
(Marsh Pennywort, ‘‘ Whiterot”).
Native, Brit:, 1,.2, 5, 6, -7: June, HIE

Common in most marshy or peaty places, as near Cot-
tingham, Hornsea Mere,* Skipwith Common,* Driffield.

665. Eryngium maritimum. Zznn., 54.
(Sea Holly).
Native, Brit., 2. Aug., II.
Spurn, plentiful 1898.* Shore of the Humber between
Patrington and Spurn (B.). Near Skeffling (H.J.W., 1893).
Sparingly on the sands south of Bridlington.

668. Sanicula europsza. Zznz., 109.
(Sanicle).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, IV.
Common in most woods, especially on the chalk.

670. Conium maculatum. ZLznn., 104.
(Common Hemlock).
Nevtive, Brit,, 1-7. June, IV.
Common in Holderness and all the other divisions, and
usually very luxuriant.

- FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. II!

671. Smyrnium Olusatrum. Zznz., 63.

(Alexanders).
Denizen, Eng., 2.
Near Beverley, rare (R.T.).

672. Bupleurum rotundifolium. Zznn., 39.
(Hare’s Ear).

Colonist, Ger., 2, 3, 4. July, II.

Several places on the Wolds (B.); at Hedon (T.P.);
Hull Docks.*

673. B. aristatum. SBaril., 2.

B. protractum. Lamk.
Aliens. August.
West Dock Waste, Hull (C.W. and S. Mason).*

674. B. tenuissimum. LZznz., 23.

Colonist, Ger. Aug., III.

Rare. Paull Holme (T.P., Aug., 1900),* also at Saltend
Common, 1go1 (T.P.). The first records for Yorkshire.

677. Apium graveolens. Lznn., 58.
(Wild Celery).
Native, Eng., 2, 4, 6, 7. July, III.

A very common plant on the shores of the Humber and
its tidal affluents from Spurn to Goole.

678. A. nodiflorum. Rezchd. fil., 82.
(Water Parsnep).
Native, Eng., 1, 2, 4, 6, 7. Aug., I.

Common in dykes adjacent to the Humber ; var. repens,
Hook. fil., at Skipwith Common (see Lees’ Flora of the West

_ Riding of Yorkshire, p. 253); var. ocreatum, fide Rev. W.R.
_ Linton, at Newbald Springs (C.W.).*

112 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

679. Apium inundatum. Rerchb. fil., 96.
Native, Brit., 1, 7. July, IV
Skipwith (W.N.C.), and Arram Beck (1898).*

680. Cicuta virosa. Lznn., 37.
Native, Eng., 7. July.
Rare. Pond at Langwith, and marshy places near Kexby

and Elvington (H. Ibbotson, vzde Baker’s Sup. to Baines’
Flora, 1856).

684. C. segetum. Benth and Hook. fil., 45.
(Corn Parsley).

Native, Eng., 2. Aug., IE

Frequent in Holderness, chiefly by drain sides. ‘‘ Said
to be common near Hull” (B.).. Common enough by Skidby
Drain, adjacent to Beverley Road, Hull.* Burstwick,
Holderness (C.W., 1897).* Specimens from cornfields near
Hull are in the York Museum (collector, W. Brunton ; date,
1800).

685. C. Carvi. Linn.
(Caraway).

Alien. July, HI:

Escaped from cultivation. ‘‘Granswick” (? Hutton
Cranswick) (J. Ray, 2nd Itinerary, 1661). Ditches near
Hull (R.T., 1798). The late E. Riley, who farmed on the
wolds during a long period, informed me that he had grown
it as a crop. Frequent between Hull and Hessle in the
fifties, the children of Hull were accustomed to gather and
nibble the seeds. Mr. J. R. Boyle, F.S.A., the custodian of
the Hull Corporation Records, says that certain fields in the
west part of Hull are mentioned in deeds as ‘‘carvi” fields,
which facts, taken together with the rarity of the plant else-
where, indicate the exotic origin of caraway. The plant is
now only found amongst the numerous dock-side aliens.

687. Sison Amomum. JLznn., 54.
(Bastard Stone-parsley).
Native, Eng., 6. Aug., II.
In moist places near Hull (B.); unknown here now. I
suspect there has been a mistake with C. segetum, so similar

a plant, but Mr. J. Beanland records it for near Howden, and
this is our only station.

——

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. DES

689. Sium latifolium. Zz., 42.
(Broad-leaved Water Parsnep).
Native, Eng., 1, 2, 6, 7. July, II.

Common in all the smaller dykes, in Holderness especially,
as well as in the other divisions.

690. S. erectum. Auds., 81.
(Narrow-leaved Water Parsnep).
Native, Eng., 1-7. July, II.

Very common in drains and dykes like the above, but
also in becks with chalk-gravel bottoms.

691. Agopodium Podagraria. Linn., 100.
(Goutweed).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
Damp waysides ; common in all the districts.

692. Pimpinella Saxifraga. JZznn., 102.
(Common Burnet Saxifrage).
Native, Brit., 3, 4, 6, 7. August, II.

Common on the chalk and in gravelly places; var.
dissecta, Withernsea, very frequent. j

693. P. major. Huds., 51.
(Large Burnet Saxifrage).
Native, Eng., 4, 7. August, II.

Not very common. Hessle (G.N.). Spring Head near
Hull.* Found also near Selby (W.N.C.). Banks of River
Ouse, near Barlby.*

694. Conopodium denudatum. Aoch., 108.
(Earth-nut. ‘‘Arnut,” E.R.D.).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, II.
Very common in dry fields and copses in all the districts.

114 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

695. Myrrhis Odorata. Scof., 65.
(Sweet Cicely).
Native, Inter., 1, 5, 6. June, I.

Occasionally near old places. Kirkham Abbey (B.); at
Burton Constable.*

696. Cheophyllum temulum. Z7zz., 99.
(Rough Chervil. ‘‘ Bad Man’s Oatmeal,” E.R. D.).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I
Frequent in all three divisions.

697. Scandix Pecten-Veneris. Zzv7., 93.
(Shepherd’s Needle).

Colonist, Brit., 1-7. Summer.
In all cornfields.

698. Anthriscus vulgaris. Bernh., 79.

Native, Brit., 1-7. June, II.
Common in sandy places locally. Coneygarth, near
Brandesburton.* Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

699. A. sylvestris. Hoffm., 107.
(Hedge Parsley. ‘‘ Rabbit-meat” and ‘‘ Kex,” E.R.D.).

Native, Brit., 1-7. June, I.
The commonest ariballitér 3 in hedgerow bottoms.

702. Feeniculum vulgare. Mill., 32.

(Fennel).
Alien. July.
In chalk pits at Hessle, an escape (C.W.). Amongst
the Dock waste plants.

7o4. Cenanthe fistulosa. Zznv., 68.
(Water Dropwort).
Native,, Isie.; 1;'2)..6, 7. July, IV.
Very common in wet places, especially in the dykes of
Holderness, also near Howden (J.B.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 115

707. Genanthe Lachenalii. C. Gmel., 72.
(Parsley Water Dropwort).

Native, Eng., 2, 6, 7. July, IV.
i Near River Derwent, in the Parish of Sutton, if ‘‘ peuce-
danifolia” is synonymous; near Market Weighton (J.J.M.)
and Howden (J.B.). Brough Swamp (C.W.), near Patrington
(1.P., 1900).
x 708. Gs. crocata. Lzn., 92.
q (Hemlock Water Dropwort).

Native, Brit., 2, 6, 7.

Not common but found in the three divisions, near Selby
_ (W.N.C.) and Howden (J.B.), near Hull (H.S.). The author
_ has not seen this plant in the East Riding.

a og. Ce. Phellandrium. Lam., 56.
nN (Fine-leaved Water Dropwort).
Native, Eng,, 1s)2y. 6). 7: July, Il.

Common in muddy dykes of Holderness,* and also im
Derwentland (W.N.C. and J.B.).

711. Asthusa Cynapium. Zzz7., 96.
: (Fool’s Parsley).
a Colonist, Brit., 1-7. August, I.
In cornfields and by waysides, frequent.

713. Silaus flavescens. Sernh., 68.
(Pepper Saxifrage).
Native, Eng., 1-7. August.

Heslington Fields (B.); in damp places near the Wolds,
‘and in Holderness ; Hessle (G.N.), Hornsea.*

717. Angelica sylvestris. Zzvz., 111.
; (Wild Angelica).

Native, Brit., 1-7: ies fake Te
__ Very common, especially in damp clayey places.

116 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

720. Peucedanum palustre. Moench., 13.
(Hog’s-fennel ; Marsh Milk Parsley).

Native, Ger., incog.

Marshes near Beverley (R.T.). There is a specimen from
Beverley in the York Museum, collected by Col. Machell,
1796. It is not now known to exist in the E. Riding.

722. P. sativum. Benth. and Hook. fil., 57.
(Wild Parsnep).
Denizen, Eng., 2. July, IV.

Gravel pits, Kelsey, Holderness (C.W.). Hull Dock
waste ground.

723. Heracleum Sphondylium,. Zznm., 112.
(Cow Parsnep).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.

Very common in grassy places; var. angustifolium,
Huds., occasionally with the type.*

725. Coriandrum sativum. Linn.

Alien.
Hull Docks.

726. Daucus Carota. Lznn., 109.
(Wild Carrot).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I.

Very common, especially in Holderness; also on the
chalk, as at Hessle.

727. D. gummifer. Lam., 17.
Native, Eng., 3.
Speeton Cliffs (H. F. P. Rec. Club).

728. Caucalis latifolia. Linn., 7.
(Great Bur-Parsley).
Alien.

On waste ground in East Hull, an importation (A. Pearson,
1898) ; also at the West Dock, Hull (C.W. and S. Mason).*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 117

729. Caucalis daucoides. Zznz., 28.
Colonist. Germanic. July, IV.

Occasionally. Near inn, Barmby Moor. Sp. in York
Museum (S. Hailstone, 1820). Found also amongst the
Hull Dock aliens, the last three or four years.

:

s31. C. Anthriscus. Auds., 107.
(Upright Hedge Parsley).

Native, Brit., 1-7. August.
Frequent with Carum segetum near Skidby Drain, Hull.*

732, C. nodosa. Scop., 73-
(Knotted Hedge Parsley).
Colonist, Eng., 1-7. June, II.

- _Incornfields at Sutton* and Cottingham.* Heslington,,
_ W. Middleton, 1806, sp. in York Museum.

-ARALIACE,.
733. Hedera Helix. Zznn., 112.
: : (Ivy).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Oct., I.

Very common in hedges in all the divisions, flowering
‘most profusely in early October, 1898, at Marton in Holder-
‘ness, and Etton near Cherryburton ; apparently with strong
pelophile proclivity.

CORNACEZ.

735. Cornus sanguinea. Lznn., 67.
(Wild Cornel, or Dogwood).

; Native, Eng., 1-7. June, IV.

In all three divisions, but particularly on the chalk and.
colitic outcrops. South Cave, Newbald.

118 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

CAPRIFOLIACEZ:.

736. Adoxa Moschatellina. Zznmn., 91.
(Tuberous Moschatel).
Native, Brit., 5. April, TV.
Recorded only for the northern part of the E. Riding at
Kirkham Abbey (M.B.S.).

737. Sambucus nigra. Lzn7., 109.

(Elder. ‘‘ Bore Tree” corrupted into ‘‘ Bothery
Three,” E-R.D-).

Native, Brit., 1-7. June, III.
Very common. Growing well in copses in the chalk dales

and elsewhere, and often having the parasitic Jew’s Ear
fungus upon it, e.g., in Drewton Dale. A chalk xerophile,

in the author’s opinion.

738. S. Ebulus. Zzv2., 77.
(Dwarf Elder or Danewort).
Native, Eng., 1-2.
Hedge banks near Cottingham (R.T.), Lund (O.B.G.).
Not confirmed recently.

739. Viburnum Opulus. Zznn., 101.
(Guelder Rose).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, 1.
Common in hedges and thickets.

740. V. Lantana. Lzmm., 45.
(Mealy Guelder Rose).

Denizen, 1-7. - June; I.
Copses near Cottingham, Welton Dale Woods, &c.

742. Lonicera Caprifolium. Linn.

(Perfoliate Honeysuckle).
Alien, 4. June; iV.
At Londesboro’ (B.), West Ella.*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 119

743- Lonicera Periclymenum. Zzwz., 112.

(Honeysuckle).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.

Common in hedges generally, and particularly on the
edges of woods.

744. L. Xylostium. Linn.

(Fly Honeysuckle).
Alien.

___ _Londesboro’ (B.), introduced ; also York Dale, Sledmere
~Q-T.H., 97).

oo
‘

-RUBIACE®.

747. Galium Cruciata. Scof., 97.

oe (Crosswort).

a Native, Brit., 1-7. May, I.
Very common in hedge bottoms.

748. G. verum. Zznm., 111.
(Yellow Bedstraw).
* Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.

_ Less common than the preceding species, ‘but in Holder-
ness and on the Wolds at Hessle.

749. G. erectum. Auds., 29.
a Native, Eng., 6. June, IV.
_ Field near Brough, June, 1896 (C.W., fide. Mr. A.

‘ennett) A

750. G. Mollugo. JLznz., 77.
(Great Hedge Bedstraw or White Bedstraw).
a Wative, Eng., 3, 4,°6, 7. August, I.

120 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

751. Galium saxatile. Zzmn., 111.
(Heath Bedstraw).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
Common on heaths. Skipwith Common and Walling
Fen district.*
753. G. palustre. Lznn., 112.

Native, Brit., 1-7. Julyoive

Common near and in dykes. Var. Witheringii, Sm.,
near Beverley (B.), var. microphyllum, Lange (if formerly
pusillum) at Leckonfield (R.T.) and Hall Ings (J.F.R.).

754. G. uliginosum. Zzn7., 93.

Native,, Brit. ©, (2,-.5, 0% 7: July, IV.
Frequent at the Pulfin Bend, near R. Hull.

755. G. anglicum. /uds., 10.

Native, Eng., Incog.
Very rare. Old wall near Boynton (R.T.). Not recently
confirmed.
757- G. aparine. Zznn., 112.
(Cleavers. ‘‘ Airiff,” E. R. D.).
Native, Brit., 1-7. : June, II.
Very common everywhere, especially in hedge bottoms
bordering cultivated fields.

758. G. tricorne. Stokes, 43.
(Corn Bed-straw).
Colonist, Ger., 1-7. August.

Frequent in cornfields. Marfleet; near Sutton; Ben-
ningholme in Holderness, and on the Dock wastes, Hull.

759. Asperula odorata. Zznn., 106.
(Sweet Woodruff).
Native, Brit., 2, 6. June, I.
Very sparingly in the Holderness and Wold portions of
the Riding. Beverley Westwood (Mr. T. Dennis). West
Ella and Hall Ings near Cottingham.* Near Howden (J.B.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. I2I

61. A. cynanchica. Lznn., 40.
; (Quinzywort).
Native, Eng., 3. June, IV.
Rare. Hedge banks on Langton Wold (M.B.S.).

762. A. arvensis. Linn.
Alien. June.
Waste ground in Hull, as well as near the docks.

763. Sherardia arvensis. Zznz., 109.
(Field Madder).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. Spring and summer.
Very common in stubble fields.

j VALERIANES.

764. Valeriana dioica. Zznn., 73.
(Small Marsh Valerian).
Rxative, Eng., 1-7. June, I.
Frequent in damp places in all the divisions.

766. V. sambucifolia. Wild.,
(Great Willd Valerian. ‘‘ All-heal.”’).

_ Native, Brit., 1-7.
Common by the sides of dykes.

768. Centranthus ruber. DC.

5 (Red Valerian). ’
__ Denizen. Summer.

_ Very abundant in the chalk pits at Hessle, where it is
quite naturalised, and in summer drapes the chalk in crimson.

770. Valerianella olitoria. o//., 99.
(Corn Salad, or Lamb’s Lettuce).

a Colonist, Brit., 1-7. June, I.

etrequent. At Kelsey Hill,* are Point,* Heslington
fields (B.).
2 I

122 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

773. Valerianella rimosa. Bas¢, 37.
Colonist, Eng., 6.
Arable land, Holme-on-Spalding Moor (C.W. at Y.N.U.,
Aug., 1899).

774. V. dentata. oll., 82.

(Corn Salad).
Colonist, Eng., 2. July.
In cornfields near Wawne, Holderness.*

DIPSACEZ:.

775. Dipsacus sylvestris. Auds., 74.
(Wild Teasel).
Native, Eng., 1, 2, 6, 7. Auey, Sn
Frequent. Lockington, Kexby, and Wilberfoss (B.).

Sutton,* Cottingham,* Hedon and Paull.* Near Howden
(J.B.). Selby (W.N.C.).

776. D. pilosus. Lzn., 82.
(Small Teasel).

Native, Eng., Incog.
Woods near Beverley (R.T.). Not reported during the
last thirty years.

D. fullonum.
(Fuller’s Teasel).
Alien.
West Dock, Hull.

777. Scabiosa Succisa. Lznn., 112.
(Devil’s-bit).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug., IV.
Frequent, particularly in moist places, as at Haltemprice
near Cottingham ; Heslington fields (B.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 123

778. Scabiosa Columbaria. Lzn., 72.
(Small Scabious).
Native, Brit., 3, 4. Aug., II.

- As frequent as the former species, but in drier situations,
especially on the chalk. *

779. S. arvensis. Lzzn., 98.
(Field Scabious).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, III.

Common. Heslington fields (B.). All the three species
are notedly chalk-preferring plants.

COMPOSITE.

781. Kupatorium cannabinum. Lz., 08.
(Hemp Agrimony).

Native, Brit., 1-7. August.

a Frequent in Holderness, as near Cottingham, and at
_ Pulfin Bend, R. Hull. Weedley Springs (Mr. Geo. Brumby).
Selby (W.N.C.). Howden (J.B.).

782. Solidago Virgaurea. Lzun., 109.
(Golden-rod).
Native, Brit., 6, 7. ' August.
Market Weighton (J.J.M,), Skipwith Common (W.N.C.),

and Newsholme (J.B.). Very rare, if at all, in Holderness.
_ [have not seen a specimen from the last division.

793. Bellis perennis. zn., 112.
5 (Daisy).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May and June.
Everywhere abundant, particularly in Holderness.

124 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

785. Aster Tripolium. Lznz., 68.
(Sea Michaelmas Daisy).
Native, Brit., 2, 4, 6. Aug., III.

Common on the banks of the Hull and the Humber as
far as the tide goes.

788. Erigeron acre. Lz., 65.
(Blue Flea-bane).
Native, Eng., 3, 4. Aug., I.

On the Wolds in many places (B.). Hessle, on the
railway embankments. *

790. Filago.germanica. Lznn., 96.
(Cudweed. ‘‘ Hen and Chickens,” E.R.D.).

Colonist, Brit., 1-7. August.
A common weed on stubble-land in all three divisions.

793. EF.) minima, F7:, 91.
(Least Filago).
Colonist, Brit., 5, 6, 7. August.

_ Market Weighton; Houghton Moor (J.J.M.); near
Selby (W.N.C.) in sandy places; Rillington (G.W.) (W.W.).

795. Antennaria dioica. #.4r., 86.
(Mountain Everlasting. ‘‘ Cat’s-foot”’).

Native, Scot., 3, 4. July.

Langton Wold (M.B.S.). In dry, heathy places (B.).
One of Dr. Hull’s list for near Beverley (Scaum’s
“* Beverlac ”).

797. Gnaphalium uliginosum, Zznz., 111.
Native, Brit., 1-7. August.

Frequent in damp, clayey places, as in Risby Park,
Willerby, &c. General in all divisions.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 125

799: Gnaphalium sylvaticum. Zznn., 102.

Native, Brit., 5, 6, 7. August, II.

Sandy woods. Houghton Moor.* Sandy fields near
Kilvington (B.). Skipwith Common (W.N.C.). Howden
(J.B.).

80z. Inula Helenium. Ziwz., (?).

(Elecampane).
Denizen, Eng. ©

Dr. Hull’s list (Scaum’s Bev.) ; once found near Willerby,
probably an outcast from a garden (C.W., 1898). Mr.
Wm. Brumby knew of it in this locality some years
previous to 1808.

806. Pulicaria dysenterica. Gerin., 70.

(Fleabane).
Native, Eng., 1-7.

Frequent in Vale of York (B.); common in Holderness,
near dykes and drains. Inthe Wold dales near South Cave.*

808. Xanthium Strumarium. Linn.

809. X. spinosum. Linn.
Aliens.

Both species frequent at the Hull Docks.

810. Bidens cernua. Lznm., 82.
(Nodding Bur-marigold).
Native, Eng., 2, 6; 7. August, Ill.
Near Holme-on-Spalding-Moor (J.J.M.), and on Skipwith
(W.N.C.). Near Hornsea Mere * (Mr. J. Schofield, August,
1899. :
811. B. tripartita. Linn., 84.
(Trifid Bur-marigold).
Native, Eng., 2, 6, 7. August, III.

Same localities and vouchers as B. cernua above, and
ponds at Fulford, near York (B.).

126 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

813. Achillea Millefolium. Zznn., 112.
(Yarrow).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, III,
Common, chiefly in dry places.

814. A. Ptarmica. Zznn., r10.
(Sneezewort).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.
Always in marshy spots, and commonly distributed.

A. ligustica.
Alien.

Hull Docks. Mr. S. T. Dunn identifies.

816. Anthemis tinctoria. Linn.
Alien.

Common amongst the aliens, West Dock, Hull.

817. Anthemis Cotula. Zinn., 74.
(Stinking Chamomile).
Colonist, Eng., 1-7. August.

In cornfields. Heslington Fields, &c. ; ae York (B.) ;
near Skipwith Common (C.W.) ; How den (J BL):

818. A. arvensis. Linn., 73.

(Corn Chamomile).

Colonist, Eng., 1-7. July.
Cornfields, Holderness. ‘‘East Riding not infrequent”’(B).

819. A. nobilis. Ziwn., 40.

Colonist, Eng. July, II.
Driffield (Y.N.U., July, 1899).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 127

820. Chrysanthemum segetum. Lzn., 110.
(Yellow Ox-eye).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. August, III.
Sutton-on-Derwent; Heslington Fields (B.).; Cotting-

ham ;* cornfields near Holme-on-Spalding Moor ; in fields
near Skipwith Common.*

21. ©. Leucanthemum,. Lzn., 112.

(White Ox-eye—Dog-daisy, ‘‘ Mays,” and ‘‘ Moon-daisy ai
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, IV,
Very common in meadows and on railway embankments

generally.

822. C. parthenium. Pers.

(Fever-few).
Alien.
In waste places; Hessle, Hull docks.

P. hysterophorum.
Alien.
Hull Docks, ¢este Mr. S. T. Dunn.

823. Matricaria inodora. Zznn., 111.
(Scentless May-weed).

Native, Brit., 1-7. August.
In ie, common. Var. salina, Bab., at Hessle
¢. W.).*
824. M. maritima. Ln.
Native, Brit., 3, 5. July, Ill
; Flamboro’ Head (B.).* Hunmanby Wyke, Filey Bay
— (C.W., Aug., 1901).

825. M. Chamomilla. Zinn., 64.
(Wild Chamomile).

Colonist, Eng., 1-7). Aug., I.
4 Heslington fields (B.); near Rise in Holderness ;* River
5 ‘Bull banks near Driffleld (J.T.H.).

128 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

827. Tanacetum vulgare. JZznz., 105.
(Tansy).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug., III.
Banks of, Ouse below York abundant (B.); near Aller-
thorpe Common (C.W.); and in many other places in
Derwentland.*

828. Artemisia Absinthium. Lzw., 72.
(Wormwood).
Denizen, Eng., 2.
Aldbro’ in Holderness (B.). Common amongst the dock
waste ground aliens.*

829. A. vulgaris. Zznn., 110.
(Mugwort, Green Ginger, or ‘‘ Muggerwort,” H. Best’s
Farm Book, 1666.).
Native, Brit., 1-7.
Frequent on old fences near Brough. The local name is
used also for other aromatic herbs, and hence the street name

(Land of Green Ginger) in Hull where once such herbs were
cultivated, fide Mr. J. R. Boyle, F.S.A.

830. A. campestris.
Alien.
Occasionally near the Hull Docks.*

831. A. maritima. Lznzn., 49.
(Sea Wormwood).
Native, Eng., 2, 6, 7. Aug., III.
Abundant on the bank of the Humber from Hull to

Spurn, and by the sides of all dykes and drains communi-
cating with the estuary.

832. Tussilago Farfara. Lzuw., 112.
(Colt’s-foot. ‘‘Clayt” or ‘‘Cleet,” and ‘‘ Foal’s-foot”’).

Native, Brit., 1-7. March, II.

Very common everywhere, especially on clay, as on the
Boulder clay cliffs of Holderness ; but equally abundant and
luxuriant in rich sandy soil, as near the Hull Docks.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. - 129

833. Petasites fragrans. Presl.
Alien.
Near Hessle chalk pits (C.W.), an escape from gardens.

834. P. officinalis. Mench., 105.
(Butter-bur. ‘‘ Wild Rhubarb”).

' Native, Brit., 1-7. April, IL.
In damp, rich soil, common.

835. P. albus. Gertn.

(White Butter-bur).
Alien. Jan., IV.

Introduced and escaped from gardens at Cottingham near
Snuff Mill Pond, where it flowers in January and February
every year. Seen repeatedly since 1886.*

836. Doronicum Pardalianches.
(Leopard’s-bane).
Alien.

|
At Metham* ; Londesboro’ (B.). Welton Woods (C. W.).
Rose Cottage, Hull (G.N., 1864).

838. Senecio vulgaris. Zznn., 112.
(Common Groundsel).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Jan. to Dec.
Everywhere in gardens.

839. S. sylvaticus. Zznn., 107.
Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug., I.
“On Tilmire” (B.); Houghton Woods ; Skipsea,
Brough.*
840. S. viscosus. Lz77., 33.

Native, Eng., 2, 3, 4, 6. August.

Side of railway, Market Weighton (J.J.M.). Common
_ amongst the dock-waste plants.*

130 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.
842. Senecio erucifolius. Zzun., 67.
(Hoary Ragwort).
Native, Eng., 3, 4. Avoca a:

Near Pocklington (B.). Chalk-pits at Hessle, and else-
where on the Wolds.*

843. S. Jacobeea. Lzu., 112.
(Common Ragwort).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
Common, especially on sand hills near sea.

844. S. aquaticus. Huds., 111.
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.
Vary frequent in wet places.

Villanova dissecta. Hook.
Alien.

On the dockside wastes, Hull; from Peru, fes¢e Mr. S. T.
Dunn. .
850. Carlina vulgaris. Zznm., 83.
(Carline Thistle).
Native, Eng., 3, 4. Aug? 5:41.

On chalk cliffs at Speeton.* ‘‘ Wolds near Beverley”
(R.T.), and South Cave (C. W.).*

851. Arctium majus. Bernh., 43.
(Common Burdock).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.
Osgodby (W.N.C.); Raywell Woods ;* but there are
doubts if this is really majus. It is quite distinct from
A. minus.
853. A. minus. Sernh., gt.
(Lesser Burdock).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.
Frequent generally, particularly on or near roads by the
sides of woods or copses.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 131

854. Arctium intermedium. ange, 36.
(Burdock).

ee, eee ae ee
7 ;

7 Native, Brit., 7.
. Heslington fields (B.). ‘‘ York s. east (F. A. Lees) ”’—
‘Watson’s Topographical Botany.

855. Carduus pycnocephalus. znz., 70.
(Slender-flowered Thistle).
Native, Eng., 2, 6. July.

Spurn (Mr. J. Farrah, F.L.S., of Harrogate); Market
_ Weighton (J.J.M.).

856. C. nutans, Lz., 75.
(Musk Thistle. ‘‘ Buck Thistle”).

Native, Eng., 1-7. June, III.
Common. Near Market Weighton and Brandesburton.*

857. C. crispus. Zznn., 87.
(Welted Thistle).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.
Very common generally.

858. Cnicus lanceolatus. Wrld., 112.
(Spear Thistle).
Native, Brit., 1-7. * Ang. i

‘ Everywhere common by roadsides and near cultivated
fields.

859. C. eriophorus. foth., 48. .
(Woolly-headed Thistle).

Native, Eng., 3, 4. Aug., I.

: From Market Weighton to Londesboro’ (B.). _Wold-
dale, &c.* Scugglethorpe and N. Grimston* (M.B.S.).
Near Flambro’ (C.W.). A magnificent xerophile.

\
oe

132 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

860. Cnicus palustris. Wrld., 112.
(Marsh Thistle).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July Ill.
Frequent in wet places, but not nearly so common in the
East as in the more elevated Ridings.

862. C. pratensis. Willd., 49.
(Meadow Plume Thistle).

Native, Eng., 2, 6. July.
Rare. Near Hull (B.). Staddlethorpe (C.W.).*

866. C. arvensis. offm., 112.
(Creeping Cornfield Thistle).

Native, Brit., 1-7.

Too common; the Nemesis of the bad farmer. Var.
d. setosus (Bess.) is very abundant on the dock wastes,
Hull.* Var. vestitus, Koch, from the same locality, is for
the first time recognised by Mr. S. T. Dunn and W.W. as
of British growth.

867. Onopordon Acanthium. Zzzz., 60.

Alien.

Rare. Amongst the aliens of the Hull docks. Mr. Saml.
Mason gathered it in 1901,* and young plants are growing
there now, May, 1902.

868. Mariana lactea. Hill.
(Milk-veined Thistle).
Denizen, Eng., 4, 5- July, IV.

Near villages; an escape. Rillington (B.). Little
Weighton.*

870. Serratula tinctoria. Lznz., 64.
(Saw-wort). :
Native, Eng., 6. Aug., II.
Near Market Weighton (J.J.M.). the only record.*

i os

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 133

872. Centaurea nigra. JLzumn., 111.
(Black Knapweed. ‘‘ Hard-heads,” E.R.D.).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug., I.

Common in all the divisions.

873. C. Scabiosa. LZznxn., 82
_ (Great Knapweed).

Native, Brit., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Aug., I.

Frequently on the Wolds and dry places in Holderness ;*
with white flowers in Heslington Fields (B.). Newstead, on
_ Settrington Road (M.B.S.).

874. C. Cyanus. Lzn., 98.
(Born Blue Bottle).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. - July, IIl.

Frequently in cornfields ; near Beverley (Dr. Hull, Scaum’s
Bev.); and amongst many other alien Centaurez on the
_ dock wastes.*

876. C. aspera. Linn.
877. C. Calcitrapa. Linn., 17.
878. C. solstitialis. Linn.
C. melitensis. Linz.

C. diffusa. Lamk.

Aliens.
Common on the Hull docks waste ground.

879. Cichorium Intybus. Zznn., 65.
5 (Chicory).
Colonist, Eng., 1, 2.
On the clay cliffs of Holderness ;* near Beverley (Dr. Hull);

yy the R. Hull near Driffield (J.T.H.); and very common
vith the dock aliens, Hull.

134 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

881. Lapsana communis. Lzvm., 112.
(Nipplewort).
Native, Brit., 1-7 Aug., I.
On dry hedge banks.

882. Picris hieracioides. Zz., 60.
(Hawkweed Picris).

Native, Eng., 3, 4- August.
On the wolds, as at Skidby and Willerby ;* and not
infrequent at the dock wastes, Hull.*

883. P. echioides. Zzn., 65.
(Bristly Ox-tongue).
Native, Eng., 2. July, IV.
‘‘ Sides of ditches near Beverley ; rare” (R.T.) ; frequent
enough by the side of Skidby Drain, near Hnill.*

886. Crepis setosa. Hall, fil.
Alien.
N. Cave, June, 1898 (C. W.).*

887. C. virens. Lnn., 110.
(Hawk’s-beard).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.
Very common.

889. C. biennis, Lzn7., 27.

Colonist, Ger., I.

On the wolds west of Bishop Burton (R.T.) ; not noticed
by anyone since, and probably a mistake at first (see Wats.
Top. Bot.).

891. C. paludosa. Mench., 62.
(Marsh Hawk’s-beard).

Native, Scot., 1, 2, 4. July, II.

Pulfin Bog near R. Hull; * Drewton Dale (C.W.). King’s
Mill, Driffield, and in marshy places near R. Hull, below
Driffield. *

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 135,

892. Hieracium Pilosella. Zznz., 110.
(Mouse-ear Hawkweed).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July.

Common in dry places. Dr. Hull’s (Scaum’s Bev.) ; very
small specimens on tumuli, Hall Ings near Cottingham.

9522 H. murorum. LZ. f+, agg., 68.
(Golden Langwort).
Native, Brit., 1.
Sunderlandwick (J.T.H., 1898).

967. H. vulgatum. /*., agg., go.

Native, Brit., 7. August.
Langwith (G. W.).

994. H. boreale. /+., 96.
(Northern Hawkweed).
Native, Brit., 7. Aug,,; TH:
‘Langwith Common (W.W., 1865). Skipwith Common.*

995- H. umbellatum. Linn., agg., 58.
(Hawkweed).
Native, Brit., 1, 6, 7.

_____Heslington (G. Webster, 1887 ; W.W.) ; near Pockling-

ton (C.W.); Tibthorpe, near Driffield (J.T.H.). The
_ Hawkweeds (except H. pilosella), are very uncommon in
the East Riding.

996. Hypocheeris glabra. Lzvm., 43.
Native, Eng., 5, 6. July.

Sandy fields near Allerthorpe Common (B.B. Le Tall,
1890); near Rillington, the var. erostra (Cosson) by G.
Webster (W.W.). The last was the first found in the
East Riding. ;

136 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

997- Hypocheeris radicata. Lznm., 111.
(Cat’s-ear).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Avg. ibk,
Not particularly common.

g99. Leontodon hirtus. Zznz., 71.
(Hairy Hawk-bit).
Native, Eng., 3, 4, 5, 6. Aug., II.

Market Weighton, and near Filey (J.J.M.); S. Cave,
Drewton Dale, Sept., 1901.

1000. L. hispidus. Zznm., 92.

Native, Eng., 1-7. Aug., II.
Common in grassy places on wolds. Bessingdale. S.
Cave.*

1oor. L. autumnalis. Zz77., 110.
(Hawk-bit).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Sept, i:
Very common, and a very pretty Autumn composite.

1002. Taraxacum Officinals. Webd., 112.
(Dandelion. ‘‘ Piss-a-bed,” E.R.D.).

Native, Brit., 1-7. Spring and Summer.

Very common in grass fields; var. erythrospermum
(Andrz.) on wolds near S. Cave;* var. palustre (DC.)
near Hornsea Mere (C.W.), and marshy meadows near
Beverley (B.) ; on peaty soil, Hall Ings, near Cottingham.*

1003. Lactuca virosa. Zznn., 51.
(Wild Lettuce).

Native, Ger., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Aug., II.

On dry banks near Beverley (R.T.). Between York and
Skipton. Walls of Kirkham Abbey. Walkington, near
Beverley (B.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 137

1006. Lactuca muralis. /vesen., 69.
(Wall Lettuce).

Native, Eng., 3, 4. Aug., II.
; Common in all wold woods from Flambro’ to S. Cave.*

Rhagadiolus stellatus. Gerin.

Alien.
Frequent among the dock aliens.

1009. Sonchus oleraceus. Zz, 111.
(Sow-thistle).
Native, Brit., 1-7. E

Common in cornfields, &c.

July, III.

1o1o. S. asper. Hoffm., 104.
(Common Sow-thistle).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, II.
Common in hedgerows near cultivation.

ror1. S. arvensis. Zzuz., 111.
(Corn Sow-thistle).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. Aug., I.
Very common amongst growing corn.

1o12. S. palustris. Linn.
Alien.

In a damp place near a mill at Brough, introduced (C.W.,
_ 1897). Transplanted to the East Park, Hull, it there grows
to a great size.

1013. Tragopogon pratense. Zznn., 84.
(Goat’s-beard. ‘‘ John-go-to-bed-at-noon””’).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.
___ Common in Holderness, especially along the drain banks.
Var. b. minus (Mill.) is occasionally found amongst the dock
waste aliens, Hull.*
K

138 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1014. T. porrifolium. Linn.
Hemizonia pungens.

Aliens. Frequent near the Hull docks.

CAMPANULACEE.

1017. Jasione montana. Zznv., 8o.
(Sheep’s-bit).
Native, Brit., 6. Aug ijk
Only in the westerly division; near Market Weighton

(J.J.M.).*

1021. Campanula glomerata. Zznn., 61.
(Clustered Bell-flower).

Native,’ Ger., 3,,4, 5,6; 7: Aug.,_ II.

Frequent on the Wolds, as at South Cave, Bessingdale,
and in Derwentland near York and Kirkham (B.). Ouse
banks near Selby (W.N.C.).

1023. C. latifolia, Zznn., 61.
(Giant Bell-flower).

Native, Scot:, 1, 4, 6, 7. * Aug tk

Uncommon. In damp woods and hedge banks near
Fulford and Howden (B.). Raywell Woods,* and Leckon-
field. *

1024. C. rapunculoides. Linn., 111.
(Creeping Bell-flower).
Alien, Aug., I.

*

Near Brantinghamthorpe (E.A.P. and Mr. T. Dennis, who
saw it growing plentifully by a roadside, 1882).

1025. C. rotundifolia. Zzvn., 111.
(Hair-bell).
Native, Brit., 1-7. August.
Common on road sides especially on the Wold tract.

am }

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 139

1027. Campanula Rapunculus. Zzvv., 31.

Denizen, Eng.
Wressle (B) ; Archd. Pierson (O.B.G.).

1029. Specularia hybrida. 4A.DC., 47.
(Corn Bell-flower).

Colonist, Ger., 1-7. August.
: Heslington Fields; Londesboro’, Knapton, and other
places on the Wolds (B.); near Welton (C.W., 1891); near
) the Hull Docks, 1900 (J. W. Boult).

ERICACEAE.
1032. Vaccinium Myrtillus. Z7nw., 101.
- (Bilberry).
Native, Brit., 7. May, III.

_ Not common in the East Riding; but at Cliff Wood and
on Skipwith Common (W.N.C.), z.e., only in Derwentland.

1038. Calluna Erica. ODC., tor.
(Common Heather).

Native, Brit., 2, 6,7. August, IV.

None of the heath family are common in the East Riding.
This and the next two species are found almost entirely in the
western divisions, as at Houghton Moor, Holme-on-Spalding
Moor, and on Bubwith and Skipwith Commons, the
last situation being by far the largest heathery tract in the
East Riding.* A small patch of Calluna still exists near
Birkhill Wood, 1901. Intermingled with profusion of Gentiana
Pneumonanthe in flower at the same time Skipwith Common
_ in September affords a most striking and beautiful appearance.

1040. Erica Tetralix. Zzn7., 110.
(Bell-heather).
Native, Brit., 6-7. July, IV.
Same as the above, but very sparingly intermixed with it,

owing probably to lack of that peaty habitat not required to
such an extent by Calluna.

140 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1042. Erica cinerea. Zznn., 108.
(Fine-leaved Heath).
Native, Brit., 6-7. July, IV.
Same localities as the above, but still rarer.

1050. Pyrola minor. Zzu., 68.
(Lesser Wintergreen).
Native, Scot., 2-6. July, I.

Rare : ‘‘Cottingham Common, locally ” (G.N.); Houghton
Woods (J.J.M.).*

MONOPROPEZ:.

1053. Hypopitys Monotropa. Crants., 46.
(Yellow Bird’s-nest).
Native, Ger., 3-7. August, II.
Beech Woods on the Wolds, Boynton Woods (B.),
‘“Mt. Airy’? near South Cave, first recorded by G. H. Hill
and R. H. Philip, 1891. This interesting parasite seems to
be closely associated with a mould like fungus (Mychorhiza)
investing the roots of the Beech ; Boynton Woods (B.).

PLUMBAGINEZ:.

1054. Statice Limonium. zmz., 35.
(Sea Lavender).

Native, Eng., 1, 2. August, III.

Sparingly at Bridlington; sp. in Herbarium of Mr.
Michael Waller, Hull. Near Hedon on the muddy shores
of the Humber, July, 1901, T. Petch, Esq., B.A., B.Se.
Then again on Sunk Island, 28th August, by the same
gentleman, making the first records for South Holderness. +

1058. Armeria maritima. Wld., 75.
(Thrift or Sea Pink).
Native, Brit., 2, 4, 6. June.
Common near the Humber as between Hessle and Hull,

and indeed all the way to Spurn. Always found on the
grassy alluvium now only covered, if at all, by spring tides.

| See Trans. Hull S. & F. N. Club, rgor, pp. 233-235.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. I41

PRIMULACEA.

1060. Hottonia palustris. Zznv., 48.
(Water Violet).

Native, Eng., 1-7. May, III.
In muddy dykes in the Vale of York and near Beverley

(B.); a common and beautiful May plant in Holderness
dykes.* Near Selby, Skipwith Common (W.N.C.).

1061. Primula acaulis. Zznn., 111.
(Primrose).
Native, Brit., 1-7. April, [11].
Common, but gradually diminishing as the vicinity of
towns is reached; the hybrid with the cowslip is frequent,
and was formerly confounded with the oxlip; it is only
_ acaulis xX veris.

1062. P. veris. Lnn., 89.

(Cowslip).

Native, Brit., 1-7. May, ‘II.
Exceedingly common in every meadow of Holderness, and
also in the other divisions. The second week in May merits
_ the distinction of being ‘‘ Cowslip week,” great quantities for
_ the making of the ‘‘ wine” of this sort being brought to the
_ markets. The hybrid, acaulis xX veris, above mentioned is
~ not at all uncommon. A remarkable form, in which all the
_ floral whorls are polyphyllous and the ovules naked! was
_ gathered near Holmpton, Holderness, by Mr. J. W. Mackay
_ of Hull, May, 1901, and 1902. Sp. zz Herb., J.F.R.

1067. Lysimachia thyrsiflora. 4/77., 14.
(Tufted Loosestrife).

Native, Inter., Incog.

‘J. Ray, 1685, Gough’s ‘‘ Britannia.” In the E. Riding, but
not seen by R. Teesdale (R.T.), nor, to our knowledge, by
_ anyone since.

142 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1068. Lysimachia vulgaris. Lzv., 78.
(Great Yellow Loosestrife).
Native, Eng., 1,-2, 5, 6, 7. Aug., I.
Heslington fields and banks of the Derwent (B.) ; Barlby
(W.N.C.); Inglemire Lane* near Hull, and Pulfin Bend ; *

in ditches near Market Weighton (C.W.); near Kirkham
Abbey and the Derwent (M.B.S.).

1o71. L. Nummularia. Zinvz., 70.
(Moneywort).
Native, Eng., 1, 2, 6, 7. July, II.

Very common by dykes and drains in Holderness,* and
also near Selby (W.N.C.).

1072. L. nemorum. L7n2., 109.
(Yellow Pimpernel).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, Il.
Rather uncommon, but at Risby Park,* Birkhill Wood *

in Cottingham, and in the Derwent district at Howden (J.B.)
and Selby (W.N.C.).

1074. Glaux maritima. Zznm., 71.
(Black Saltwort).
Native, Brit., 2, 4, 6. July.

Common on the foreshores of the Humber and its
affluents ; Stoneferry (G.N.) ; Humber Bank.*

1075. Anagallis arvensis. Zznv., 90.
(Scarlet Pimpernel ; Poor-man’s Weather-glass).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. Summer and Autumn.

Common in cornfields generally.

1076. A. cerulea. Schreb., 48.
(Blue Pimpernel).
Colonist, Brit., 2, 6. Summer.

Near Newsholme, Howden (J.B.), and very commonly
amongst the dock aliens at Hull.*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 143

1077. Anagallis tenella. Zznn., 97.
(Bog Pimpernel).

Native, Brit., 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. July, II.

Barlby Moor, Skipwith Common, Cottingham (B.) ; still
sparingly at the last place, 1898,* but gone 1900 (J.F.R.) ;
near Brough (C.W.); Market Weighton (J.J.M.); Over-
cleugh, Driffield (C.W.); King’s Mill (J.T.H., 1898).

1078. Centunculus minimus. Zz77., 64.
(Bastard Pimpernel, or Chaffweed).

Native, Eng., 6, 7. : July, III.

Near Holme-on-Spalding Moor, and Houghton Moor near
Newbald (R.T., B., and J.J.M., 1893).* Skipwith Common
(W.N.C.). A plant decidedly characteristic of the sandy
Derwentland districts.

2079. Samolus Valerandi. Zznn., 82.
(Brookweed).

Native, Eno. 6 Ey ey 5 Gs, 7. Aug., I.

Frequent in watery places near Hull.* Heslington fields
and Holme-on-Spalding Moor (B.). Staddlethorpe (C.W.).
Skipwith Common.

| OLEACE.

1080. Fraxinus excelsior. znw., 109.
(Common Ash. ‘‘Esh”).

Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.
Common, and in places very fine trees, as at Cottingham

_ and Everingham Park.

1081. Ligustrum vulgare. Zznv., 83.
(Privet).
Native, Eng., 1-7. . June, IV.
Common in hedges near Cottingham and Hull.

144 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

APOCY NACE ZS.

1082. Vinca major. Linn.

(Greater Periwinkle).
Alien.
Londesboro’ (B.) ; Welton introduced (C.W.).

1oo%. V.-minor.: 2207... 73.
(Lesser Periwinkle).
Denizen, Eng. May III.

Kirkham Abbey (R.T.); Londesboro’ (B.) by the old
sunken road near Emswell, Driffield,* where it grows abun-
dantly with Geranium Phaum, another old garden plant.

—

GENTIANEZ.

1085. Blackstonia perfoliata. AHuds., 60
(Yellow-wort).
Native, Eng., 2, 3, 4. Aus, i:

Wolds (R.T.); near Willerby* ; frequent at Spurn (Y.N.U.
Meeting, 1898).

1086. Erythrea Centaurium. /e7rs., 102.
(Centuary. ‘‘ Sanctuary,” E.R.D.).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July and August.
Frequent in all divisions, but mostly near the seaside.

1089. E. pulchella. /*., 43.
(Dwarf Centuary).
Native, Brit., 1, 2. August.
On the cliff at Bridlington Quay (Mr. S. Gibson, adden-

dum to Barne’s Flora). Probably the same plant gathered
by Mr. G. A. Hill near Spurn in 1892.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 145

1092. Gentiana Pneumonanthe. Lz7., 30.
(Marsh Gentian).
Native, Eng., 2, 6, 7. Sept.,. I.

Uncommon ; Ross and Spalding Moors ; Everingham, and
other places near Pocklington (B.); near Beverley (Dr. Hull
‘‘Beverlac”’) ; AllerthorpeCommon (C. W.); Skipwith Common
(W.N.C.); Houghton Woods (G.N.). Now only, perhaps,
on the Derwent tract (see remarks under Calluna Erica,
1038, above).

1095. G Amarella. Zznz., 81.
(Small-flowered- Gentian).

Native, Brit., 3, 4. Awe Sk,
Common on the Wolds, with Blackstonia at Willerby.

1097. G. campestris. Zznn., 85.
(Field Gentian).

Native, Brit., 2, 3, 4. Aug., I.
Driffield Wold (M.H.); rare compared with the preced-

~ ing; near Beverley (Dr. Hull).

1099. Menyanthes trifoliata. Zznn., 110.
: (Buck Bean).
Wative, Brit., 1,-2, 5; 6; 7- June I.
Common generally ; Hornsea Mere, at the edge of which
there are extensive beds; at Pulfin Bend, near River Hull ;

Lowthorpe; Hall Ings, Cottingham, 1898*; Riccall Common
(W.N.C.).

1100. Limnanthemum peltatum. S. P. Gmel.

(Waterlily-like Villarsia).
Alien.

Introduced in several park ponds, as at S. Cave Castle™ ;

_ a wonderful piece of ‘‘ mimicry,” being apparently a minia-

_ture yellow waterlily, although of a widely different family.

146 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

POLEMONIACE#.
1101. Polemonium ceruleum. Zzww., 5.
(Jacob’s Ladder).

Native, Inter., 6, 7. July, III.

Houghton Woods (J.F.R., 1888), but doubtfully wild.
Naburn by the River Ouse (H.S.).

BORAGINEZA:,

1102. Cynoglossum officinale. Lznn., 76.
(Hound’s Tongue).

Native, Eng., 6, 7. July I.
Near Market Weighton (B.); Naburn (W.N.C.).

1104. Asperugo procumbens. Linn.
Alien. Hull docks, and other waste ground (J. W. Boult).*

1105. Symphytum officinale. Zznz., 86.
(Common Comfrey).

Native, Eng., 1, 7. June; “ii
Sides of ditches near York and Kexby (B.) ; near Cotting-
ham ;* the River Ouse and Howden Dyke (W.N.C.).

1107. Borago officinalis. Linn.
(Borage).
Alien. Waste ground near Bridlington Quay (B.);
Hornsea.*
1109. Anchusa sempervirens. Linn.
Alien. Londesboro’ (B.).

A. hybrida. Ten.
Alien. Hull Docks.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 147

1110. Lycopsis arvensis. Zzv7., 105.
(Small Bugloss).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, II.

Common in or near sandy cornfields, as near Brough
a (G.N.); Cruckley (J.T.H.) ; amongst the dock aliens, Hull.*

1114. Myosotis ceespitosa. /. Schultz., 107.
(Tufted Forget-me-not).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, III.
In shallow watery places: Skidby ;* Newbald.*

tr15. M. palustris. fe/h., 104.
; (Forget-me-not).
. Native, Brit., 1-7. July, II.

___ Very common in the Holderness dykes ; var. strigulosa,
Mert and Koch, at Thistle Bridge, Withernsea (C.W.).

; 1116. M, repens. G. Dov., 92.
, ] _ Native, Brit., 1-7. July, Il
_ Skidby and Risby fish- mands =

1118. M. sylvatica. Hoffm., 45
' (Wood Forget-me-not).
_ Native, Eng., 6. July.

4 Plantations near Brough,* also gathered in the same
locality by Mr. Sam. Mason, of Hull, 1go1.

1119. M. arvensis. Zam., 112.

. (Field Forget-me-not).

_ Native, Brit., 1-7. ; July.
- Very common in ‘‘ seed” fields and on stubble.

148 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1120. Myosotis collina. Hoffm., 92.
(Early Field Forget-me-not).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, I.

Frequent ; Market Weighton (J.J.M.) ; Spurn (Mr. A. E.
Lynn) ; also near Selby (W.N.C.).

1121. M. versicolor. Reichb., 108.
(Yellow and Blue Forget-me-not).

Native Brit., 1-7. May, IV.

Common in corn-fields, chiefly on the sandy western
divisions.

Echinospermum Lappula.
Alien.
Waste ground near Hull Docks.

1123. Lithospermum officinale. Zznz., 77.
(Common Gromwell).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, III.

Near Selby and Kirkham ; Dunnington (B.) ; Cornfields
near Brandesburton.* also on the dock wastes.*

1224. L. arvense. Lznu., 86.
(Corn Gromwell).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. June, III.

Heslington Fields (B.); Selby (W.N.C.); near River —
Hull in cornfields (C.W.) ; amongst the dock waste plants.

1125. Echium vulgare. Liun., 92.
(Viper’s Bugloss).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I.
‘““On the Wolds, frequent” (B); Hessle (G.N.); at —

Kelsey Hill, Holderness ;* Houghton Woods, J. W. Boult ;* —
Kirkham Abbey (M.B.S,) ; introduced on the dock wastes.

ee oe

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 149

SONVOLVULACEA:.

1127. Volvulus sepium. /unger., 94.
(Great Bindweed).
Native, Eng., 1-7. Aug., I.

Common in hedges in Holderness, and the other
divisions.

1128. V. Soldanella. /unger., 46.
(Sea-side Bindweed),

Native, Eng.,:1,°2. Aug., I.

Along the Holderness coast, amongst the grass on the
sandhills ; Owthorne (R.T.) ; abundant near Withernsea
and Spurn.*

|

;

: 1129. Convolvulus arvensis. Linn., 96.
(Small Bindweed).

Native, Eng., 1-7. July, IV.

Common; roadsides and railway embankments in ail
divisions in dry places.

1131. Cuscuta europsa. Linz., 31.
(Great Dodder).
Colonist, Eng., 7. August.
Hemingbro’ (W.N.C.).

1132. C. Epithymum. Jurr., 46. -

(Thyme Dodder).
Native, Eng., 2. August.

Spurn (F. P. Lee).

1133. C. Trifolii. Bad.
(Clover Dodder).

Piet, I, 2, 3,4, 6. August.

# Clover field near Hull (Mr. T. Dennis); Spurn (Canon
addock, 1897); Market Weighton and _ Londesboro’

150 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

(J.J.M., 1899). Frequently found as a garden weed and pest
in Welton and Hull nurseries.* Sp. from the latter on
ivy in herb. (J.F.R.).

SOLANACEZE.

1134. Solanum Dulcamara. Lzu., 97.
(Woody Nightshade, or Bittersweet).
Native, Eng., 1-7. June, III.

Very common, in hedges near dykes and in conspicuous
companionship with Zamus communis in Holderness.

1135. S. nigrum. Liun., 64.
(Common Nightshade).

Colonist, Eng., 2, 4, 6, 7. Summer.

Occasionally in cultivated ground; Escrick and York
Road, and near South Cave (B.); Sutton-on-Hull
(J. W. Boult), An abundant alien at the Hull docks.

S. rostratum.
Physalis Alkekengi. Linn.

Aliens at the Hull Docks, the former from U.S.A. ; Mr.
S. T. Dunn indentifies both.

1136. Lycium barbarum. Linn.
(‘* Tea” Tree).
Alien.

Common near the sea, forming hedges as at Hornsea.

1137. Atropa Belladonna. Zznn., 54.
(Deadly Nightshade).

Native, Eng., 3, 4. July, II.
Very frequent in the Wold dales. Drewton, Weedley,

and Woodale, near South Cave, where the plant becomes
very luxuriant, and ripens much of its baneful fruit.

~~ ea

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. Ist

1138. Datura Stramonium. Linn.
Alien.

A garden escape at Riccall (W.N.C.).

‘1139. Hyoscyamus niger. Zznn., 79.

(Henbane).
Native, Eng., 1-7. - August.

Near Beverley (Dr. Hull, in ‘‘ Beverlac’’) ; near Bridling-
ton and Pocklington (B.); quite a number of plants near
St. Austin’s Stone, Drewton Dale (J.F.R., 1898) ; also found
at Paull by Mr. T. Mayman. Very common among the
dockside aliens.

SCROPHULARINE.
1140. Verbascum Thapsus. Zznz., 91.
(Great Mullein).

Native, Eng., 2, 3, 4. Auge. “Tots.
_ Near Beverley (Dr. Hull); Brantingham-dale (H.S.) ;
Wold-dale (C.W., 1892) ; on the old remains of Haltemprice
Abbey, near Cottingham, Oct., 1898.* Also an alien hybrid
at the Hull docks. :
1143. V. nigrum. Linn.
1144. V. virgatum. Stokes.
1145. V. Blattaria. Linn.

Aliens on the West Dock waste, Hull.

1146. Linaria Cymbalaria. Jl.
(Ivy-leaved Toadflax, or ‘‘ Mother-of-Thousands’”’).

Alien.
_ Frequent on old buildings. Londesboro’ (Dr. Hull).

ee

1147. L. Elatina. J///., 55.
(Sharp-leaved Toadflax).

4 Colonist, Eng., 6. * wae, a
_ Cornfields, Westholme, near Howden (J.B.), sp.*

%

152 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1153. Linaria vulgaris. 47/., 99.
(Yellow Toad-flax, Snap-Dragon).

Native, Brit., 3, 4. August.

A xerophilous plant common on the chalk, on railway
embankments, and on the sandy tracts of Derwentland.

1154. L. viscida. Moench, 62.
(Least Toad-flax).

Colonist, Eng., 1-7. Summer.

Quite common in the East Riding on stony or gravelly
places ; Walkington (B.); S. Cave* ; near Howden (J.B.).

1155. Antirrhinum majus. Linn.

(Great Snap-Dragon).
Alien.

Hessle chalk pits; an escape, but almost as well estab-
lished there as the crimson spur-valerian.

1157. Scrophularia aquatica. Linn., 72.
(Water Figwort. ‘‘ Water Betony’’).
Native, Eng., 1-7. Aug., II.

Very common near most Holderness dykes, and in the
other divisions as well; Market Weighton* and Everingham.*

1159. S. nodosa. Lzn2., 109.
(Knotted Fig-wort).

Native, Brit., 2, 4. Aug., II.

Not at all common; near Beverley (Dr. Hull); Burton
Constable and Hessle* ; always in wood or plantations.

1162. Mimulus luteus. Linz.

(Yellow Mimulus).
Alien.

Driffield Canal, plentiful (C.W.); and near River Hull
(J.T.H.), always on muddy or wet, gravelly places.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE, 153

1163. Limosella aquatica. Lznn., 43
(Mudwort).
Native, Ger., 7. Aug., IV.
a Very rare; one station only near Skipwith, where Mr.
__H. J. Wilkinson gathered it first in 1883, and subsequently.

1165. Digitalis purpurea. Zznn., 107.
(Foxglove). ,
miative,: Brit; 3,4; 6,:7< July, IV.
Rare in the Fiéidecness divisions ; common in Derwent-

_ land; near Beverley (Dr. Hn) Skipwith Common (W.N.C.).
At Aldro on the high wolds.*

1166. Veronica hedersfolia.. Linn., 100.
(Ivy-leaved Speedwell).
Native, Brit., 1-7. a (expr? ae

Common in cultivated ground, escaping into hedgerows,
_ where the seeds invariably germinate early.

ie V. polita. « /r., 80. 7
Colonist, Brit., 1, 2. April to July.
Occasionally in cultivated ground, Cottingham*, Swine.*

1168. V. agrestis. Zz77., 110.
(Field Speedwell).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. April to July.
-Cornfields and cultivated ground everywhere.

1169. V. Tournefortii. C. Gmel., 90.,
ss Colonist, Eng.;- 1-7. April to July.
_ Frequent in cultivated places.

1172. V. arvensis. Zznm., 111.

Pa - (Wall Speedwell).

- meative, Brit., 1-7." May and June.

4 Commonly near farm buildings and on old walls of villages.
L

154 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1173. Veronica serpyllifolia. Zznn., 112.

Native, Brit., 1-7. May, IV.
Grassy places, common.

1178. V. Officinalis. Zznn., 111.
(Common Speedwell).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, TV.

Dry ground as on tumuli, or old earthworks as at Skipsea
Brough, Holderness. Very large and fine in Birkhill wood.

ani7fen Ap Chamedrys. VET On itty,
(Germander Speedwell. ‘‘ Bird’s-eye’’).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.
Very common in hedgerows and grassy lanes or roadsides.

1180. V. montana. Lznn., 89.
(Mountain Speedwell).
Native, Brit. 92,5. June, IV.

Firby wood (B.) ; Bentley wood near Beverley ;* Birlhill
wood near Cottingham,* 1goo.

1181. V. scutellata. Zinn., 107.
(Marsh Speedwell).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.

In wet places in all three divisions; Market Weighton
(J.J-M.)s Driffield (C.W.); Skipwith Common (W.N.C.) ;
near Howden (J.B.).

1182. V. Anagallis-aquatica. Linn., 100.
(Water Speedwell).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.

Common in dykes in the Holderness division. Also in
Derwentland (J.B.) and (W N.C.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 155

1183. Veronica Beccabunga. Lzn., 112.

(Brooklime).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Summer.

Very common in wet shallow dykes.

1184. Euphrasia officinalis. Zenz., 112.
7 (Eyebright).
Native, Brit., 1-7. August, I.
Common in dry, chalky, or gravelly ground; var.
nemorosa, H. Mart, being the commonest.

:
1

1185. Bartsia Odontites. Muds., 111.

(Red Bartsia).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
__Roadsides, common; a_ white flowered variety not
uncommon ; both vars. verna, Rezchd. and serotina, Rezchd.
(C.W., zesze A. Bennett).

1188. Pedicularis palustris. Zzv., 110.
(Marsh Lousewort).

ative, Brit., 1, 2,'6,.7. Summer.

Common. In boggy places as at Hornsea Mere, Pulfin,*
and Skipwith Common (W.N.C.).

1189. P. sylvatica. Linn., 112.
(Field Lousewort).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, I.

Frequent in peaty or damp grassy places; Risby Park ;
q Ings, Cottingham ; near Bell Mills, Driffield.

1190. Rhinanthus Crista-galli. Zznn., 112.
(Yellow-rattle).

_ Native, Brit., 1-7. June, IV.

_ In meadows, especially on clay lands.

156 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1191. Rhinanthus major. Lhrh., 22.
(Large Yellow-rattle).
Native, Inter., Incognit.
Holme-on-Spalding-Moor and S. Cave (B.) in cornfields ;
not reported recently.

1194. Melampyrum pratense. Zzvn., 107.
(Yellow Cow-wheat).

Native, Brit., 2, 6.

In woods and copses; near Beverley (R.T.); Birkhill
Wood (H.S.) and (G.N.); near Howden (J.B.); still grows
abundantly in Birkhill Wood, 1901, although it is by no
means common in the E. Riding.

1195. M. sylvaticum. Lznm., 21.
(Wood Cow-wheat).
Native, Scot., Incognit.
In the woods at Kirkham (B.). No other authority can

be given, and confirmation is much desired; probably only
M. pratense, var. montanum, /ohnst., was found.

OROBANCHACE.

1199. Orobanche major. Lznmn., 61.
(Great Broomrape). :
Native, Eng., 2. June, II.

se

a

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OP Rae at Ong pak ao

tiled ee nae

Rare. Near Keyingham, Holderness (J. W. Boult) and i

(C.W.), growing on roots of furze.

1202. O. elatior. Szz/on, 28.

Native, Ger., arGe July.
Rare ; quarry banks near Langton and Welham (M.B.S.).

1205. ©. minor. S7., 32.
(Least Broomrape).
Native, Ger., 6. Summer.
Very rare; Wressle (W.N.C.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 157

1207. Lathrea squamaria. Lzvn., 62.
(Great Toothwort).

Native, Eng., 5. April, IV.

Very rare ; Firby Wood, near Leavening (M.B.S.) ; wood
_ near Kirkham Abbey (B.). The woods and copses in the
_ Eastern divisions have been thoroughly investigated for this
_ plant, but without success, which is remarkable when one
_ remembers its frequency in the other Ridings.

' LENTIBULARIEZ.

1208. Utricularia vulgaris. Zznz., 86.
(Greater Bladderwort).

Native, Brit., 2, 6, 7. July II.

_ Frequent, especially in Derwentland; Beverley and Hull
_ (B.) ; at Staddlethorpe it is abundant in the ‘‘delphs”; found
_two or three years successively in Skidby drain on the
_ Beverley and Hull Road,* 1890 ; Riccal (W.N.C.).

1210. OU. Minor? ,./7un., 72.

(Lesser Bladderwort).

Native, Brit., 2, 7. July, I.

Near Beverley (Dr. Hull); several places near Selby (B.);
but this species has not recently been noticed.

1213. Pinguicula vulgaris. Zzn7., 93.

(Common Butterwort).

Native, Scot., 1-7. . June, II.

_ Frequent in wet, clayey, and peaty places, both on the
coast cliffs and inland; Flamboro’ Head; Brough (C.W.) ;
Hall Ings, near Cottingham (H.S.)*; Skipwith Common
(W.N.C.). ;

158 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

VERBENACE.
1217. Verbena Officinalis. Zzn., 67.
(Vervain).
Native, Eng., 2. Aug., II.

Only occasionally in dry places; Dunswell Lane, near
Cottingham* ; no record from any other station.

LABIAT.
1221. Mentha viridis. Linn.
Alien.
Well established by the Derwent in Welham Springs
(M.B.'S:);

1222. M. piperita. Zzun., 68.
(Pepper Mint).
Native, Eng., 3, 4, 6, 7. Aug., III.

Several places on the Wolds (B) ; Newbald Springs”, var.
officinalis (Hull); in ditch side near Elloughton (C.W,) and
Newsholme, Wressle (J.B.).

1224. M. hirsuta. Huds., 111.
(Water Mint). r
Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug; HIT:
Common in all dykes.

1225. M. sativa. JLznz., 82.
Native, Brit., 1-7 Aug., I.
Skipwith Common in damp places, 1900.*

1230. M, arvensis. Zznm., 105.
(Corn Mint).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. Aug., a:
Common in cornfields, but chiefly in Derwentland.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 159

1231. Mentha Pulegium. Zzv., 52.
(Penny-royal).
Native, Eng., 7. Aug., IV.
Rare; ponds near Skipwith Church (H.J.W.); the only
record.

1232. Lycopus europzus. Lzn7., 95.

(Gipsy-wort).
Native, Brit., 1-7. August. -
Common in Dykes and wet places.

1233. Origanum vulgare. Zvnn., 90.
(Common Marjoram).

Native, Brit., 3, 4. Augego lk

Common in chalk pits and other dry places ; Hessle chalk
_ pits*; N. Grimston (M.B.S.).

1234. Thymus Serpyllum. /~., 112.
(Wild Thyme).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, Il.

- Wolds and gravelly places; on the chalk slopes at
- Drewton, Welton, and Thixendale.

:
‘;
‘a

* 3236. Calamintha Clinopodium. Sfenn., 89.
(Wild Basil Thyme).
' Native, Brit., 4, 7. ‘August.

_ Heslington fields (B.); frequent in old chalk pits;
Willerby, Skidby, &c.

1237. C. arvensis. Zum., 74.
(Common Basil Thyme).
' Native, Brit., 3, 4. July, III.

4 Langton and Driffield Wold * ; Drewton Wold near South
Cave.*

160 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1239. Calamintha officinalis. Moench., 62.
(Common Calamint).
Native, Eng., 1,.4. Aug., I.
Bishop Burton (B.). Near Hessle (C.W.).

1242. Salvia Verbenaca. Zznn., 64.
(Wild Clary).
Native, Eng., 5, 6. July, IV.

Kirkham Abbey walls (B.), Allerthorpe (C.W.), and
amongst aliens at the Hull docks.*

1243. S. pratensis. Linn.
S. verticillata. Linz.
S. controversa. Ten.
Aliens. Hull docks, zeste Mr. S. T. Dunn.

1244. Nepeta Cataria. Lzun., 58.
(Catmint).
Native, Eng., 7. Sept., 1
By roadside hedges near Selby, 1900.*

1245. N. Glechoma. Benth., 102.

(Ground Ivy).
Native, Brit., 1-7. April.
Very common in hedgerows and on drainsides in all

divisions. Var. parviflora, Benth:, Grimston, Holderness
(G.W.).

1246. Scutellaria galericulata. Zzw., 103.

(Skullcap).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug.; 48

Frequent in wet places. Salt Ings lane and Willerby
lane near Hull; Burton Constable and Rise Park; Hornsea _
Mere*; and near Welham and Firby on the Derwent ~
(M.B.S.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 161

1247. Scutellaria minor. Auds., 72.
(Lesser Skullcap).
Native, Eng., 7.
Broughton Common (H.F.P. in Bot. Rec. C. Rep.).

1248. Prunella vulgaris. JZzzz., 112.
(Selfheal).
Native, Brit., 1.7. Aug., I.

Frequent in pastures in the western divisions; not so
common in Holderness. Gembling near Drifield (J.T.H.).

1250. Marrubium vulgare. Zznn., 66.
(White Horehound).

Native, Eng., 1-7. Aug., III.

Spurn (C.W.); near South Cave*; at North Cave, on
the sand, almost as:‘common as the dead nettles. It seems
to, be a characteristic arenophile. Not common in Holder-
ness except on the morainic gravels, being the chief plant on
Coneygarth Hill, near Brandesburton.

1251. Stachys Betonica. Benth., 82.
(Wood Betony).
Native, Eng., 1-7. July, IV.
Not very frequent either in Holderness or on the Wolds.
_ Near Beverley (Dr. Hull); Holme-on-Spalding Moor.*
Stunted specimens in flower on what now stands for South
_ Dalton Moor near Cherry Burton, Sept. 1901.*

1253. S. palustris. Zzvv., 111.
(Marsh Woundwort).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug., I.

Generally distributed. In damp, bushy places. Near
q Sutton Drain, Holderness. Near Cottingham (C.W.).

1254. S. sylvatica. Zznn., 112.

;, (Hedge Woundwort).

| Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug. I;
Common beside hedges or old fences. _

162 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1255. Stachys arvensis. Zzn., 99.
(Corn Woundwort).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. Summer and Autumn.

On the Wolds; South Cave; Walkington (Dr. Hull) ;
Heslington fields (B.); near Howden (J.B.); Selby (W.N.C.).

1256. S. annua. Linn.

Alien. Near the Hull docks, feste Mr. S. T. Dunn.

1257- Galeopsis Ladanum. Zz. (?).
(Red Hemp-nettle).
Colonist, Eng., 3, 4, 6. August.

Frequent in old chalk pits. Near Willerby and Ripling-
ham,* and Howden (J.B.).

1260. G. versicolor. Curt., 80.
(Large-flowered Hemp-nettle).
Colonist, Scot., 1-7. July.
Frequent in cornfields near Hull, and also in the Derwent
tract.

1261. G. Tetrahit. Zzu7., 112.

(Common Hemp-nettle).

Colonist, Brit., 1-7. August.
In most cornfields and weedy, cultivated places.

Leonurus marrubiastrum. Linn.
Alien. Hull docks, zeste Mr. S. T. Dunn.

1263. Lamium amplexicaule. Lznn., 96.
(Henbit Dead-nettle).
Colonist, Brit., 1, 6. Summer.

Frequent in sandy fields, Bridlingtonand Flambro’ (J.F.R.);
Sandholme (J.B.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 163

1265. Lamium hybridum. /7//., 76.
(Cut-leaved Dead-nettle).
Native, Brit., 2, 4, 6, 7. Summer.

Heslington Fields (B.); Hessle, near Hull,* and near
Howden (J.B.).

1266. L. purpureum. Zzn., 112.
(Red Dead-nettle).
Native, Brit., 1-7. April, II.

Exceedingly common. Var. decipiens, Sonder, near Spring
Head, Hull,* and Driffield (W.H.B.).

1267. L. maculatum. Linn.

(White-spotted Dead-nettle).
Alien.

Outcast or straggler from gardens near Cottingham.”

1268. L. album. Zz7., 101.
; (White Dead-nettle).

Native, Brit., 1-7. June.

: Very common everywhere along grassy roadsides and
lanes.

1269. L. Galeobdolon. Cvrandész., 66.
(Yellow Dead-nettle).
Native, Eng., 1, 4, 6, 7. June, II.

Londesbro’ Woods (B.); near Beverley (Dr. Hull) ;
Arram; near Howden (J.B.); and Selby (W.N.C.).

1270. Ballota nigra. Lznn., 77-
(Black Horehound).
Native, Eng., 1-7.
Common on or near the Wolds, particularly in the

villages, as at South Cave. Var. feetida, Koch, at Welton
(C.W.) ; at Driffield, an escape from gardens (J.T.H.).

164 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE,

% 1274. Teucrium Scorodonia. Zznn., 110.
.(Wood Germander).
Native, Brit), 3;+49.5,.6, 7.
A xerophilons plant found only on the chalk and in sandy

places. Flambro’ Cliffs, Holme-on-Spalding Moor,* Skip-
with (W.N.C.), Howden (J.B.).

1275. Ajuga reptans. Lzn7., 109.
(Common Bugle).
Native Brit., 1-7.

Common in clayey places.
PLANTAGINEAL.
1273. Plantago major. Linz., 112.
(Greater Plantain).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.

Every roadside.

1279. P. media. Linz., 81.

Native, Eng., 3, 4, 6, 7. Summer.
Most frequent in calcareons soil: very common near the
Wolds. At South Cave Castle it spoils the lawn.

1280 P, lanceolata. Zznn., 112.
(Ribwort. ‘‘ Fighting Cocks,” E.R.D.).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, IV.

All meadows. Var. & Zimbali, frequent on the waste
ground, West Docks, Hull.

1281. P. maritima. Zzn7., 78.
(Seaside Plantain).
Native; Brits, i4.2, 3, 4).6: July and Aug.

On the Holderness Coast, but more abundant on the
Humber shores near Hull (B.).*

on

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 16

1282. Plantago Coronopus. Zzn., 96. es
(Bucks-horn Plantain).

Native, Brit., 1, 2, 3, 4, 6. Juln, I
Same as P. maritima and rather more common; also on
the Wolds and near South Cave (B).

1283. P. arenaria. Waldst. and Kit.

Alien.
Very abundant amongst the dock aliens, Hull.*

* 1284. Littorella juncea. Berg., 94.
(Shoreweed).
Native, Brit., 7. Sulyy TET.
Skipwith Common (H.J.W.) the only locality recorded.

ILLECEBRACEZ.
f 1290. Scleranthus annuus. Lznz., 100.
3 (Knawell).
Native, Brit., 6, 7. July and Aug.

On wall tops and in sandy ground, North Cave.* On
Boulder Clay Cliff near North Ferriby.. Sandy road on
_ Skipwith Common.

~ AMARANTHACEZ.

1292. Amaranthus retroflexus. Linn.

Alien.
Frequent on waste ground, West Dock, Hull (C2 W:),*

7 CHENOPODIACE.
—- r294. Chenopodium Belvepermim. Linn., ‘49.

Denizen, Eng. Aug., IV.
_ Waste ground near West Dock, Hull. All the Goosefoot
j Bemily seem to be notorious aliens.

166 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1295. Chenopodium Vulvaria. Lznn., 37.

Denizen, Ger. Aug., IV.
Waste ground near West Dock, Hull.

1296. C. album. Lznn:, 111.
(White Goosefoot. ‘‘ Fat-hen,” E.R.D.).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.

Very common in rich, cultivated soil.

1297. C. opulifolium. Schrad.

1298. C. ficifolium. Sm., 18.
Aliens. Waste ground near West Dock, Hull.

1299. C. murale. Lznn., 42.
Colonist, Eng. Aug., IV.
Docks, Hull.

1301. C. urbicum. Linn., 39.
(Upright Goosefoot).
Colonist, Brit., 2, 7. Aug., IV.
Between Fulford and Heslington (B.) ; Hull Docks.

1302. CG. rubrum. Zzmn., 64.
(Red Goosefoot).
Native, Eug., 1,°2)\4,°7. Aug., IV.
Bridlington, Hornsea, &c.; Cottingham and Hessle ;
Hull Docks.
1304. C. glaucum. Lz7., 13.

Colonist, Ger. Aug., IV.
Hull Docks.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 167

1305. Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus. Zzvn., 100.
(Good King Henry).
Denizen, Brit., 1-7. July.
Common on roadsides near dwellings.

1306. Beta maritima, JZznn., 57.

(Wild Beet).
Native, Brit., 2. Aug. and Sept.

On the coast. Sandlemere, Withernsea (C.W.). Among
the dockside plants.*

1307. Atriplex littoralis. Zinn., 42.

Native, Brit., 1, 2, 4, 5. August.
7 Common. On the Holderness coast, along the Humber
_ shore, and at Spurn.*

1308. A. patula. Zznn., 92.
me Native, Brit., 1, 2, 4,5, 6. ~ August.

4 Near Hull (B.) ; var. erecta, AHuds., on a wall at
_ Welton (C.W.).

1309. A. hastata. Zinn., 95.

Native, Brit., 7. August,
Heslington Fields (B.).

1310. A. deltoidea. Bad., 53.

; Native, Brit., 2. August.
_ Waste ground near Hull (B. sup., C. C. Babington).

1311. A. Babingtonii. Woods, 70.
he (Spreading-fruited Orache).

Native, Brit., 1, 2. August.

ay _Hessle and near Hull on the Humber bank; var. virescens
Lange, at Withernsea (C.W., desfe Mr. Ar. Bennet).

168 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1313. Atriplex portulacoides. Lzw., 35.
(Shrubby Sea-Purslane).
Native, Eng., 1, 2. Aug., IV.
Near Hull (B. sup., J. Kitching), Spurn,* Paull.*

Corispermum hyssopifolium. Linn.
Alien. Hull Docks, feste Mr. S. T. Dunn.

1315. Salicornia herbacea. Lzzw., 70.
(Glass-wort. ‘‘Samphire’’).
Native, Brit., 2. Aug., IV.

Muddy, brackish-water places ; on the Humber mud flats,
Spurn, Paull, &c. Still sold in Hull market as Samphire.

1318. Suzeda altimissima. Pall.
Alien.

Hull dock waste ground. Mr. S. T. Dunn identifies.

1319. S. maritima. Dum., 70.
(Sea-blite).
Native, Brit., 2. Aug., III.

Spurn, and frequently on the Humber shore, var. pro-
cumbens, Syme, Spurn (C.W., fide Mr. Ar. Bennett).

1320. Salsola Kali. Zzun., 64.
(Prickly Saltwort).

Native, Brit., 1, 2, 5. Aare. ET
Frequent all along the coast on the sands, var. Tragus,
alien at Hull docks.

POLYGONACE.

1321. Polygonum Convolvulus. Zzn., 111.
(Climbing Knot-grass. ‘‘Cornbind,” E.R.D.).”

Colonist, Brit., 1-7. August.

Common in cornfields.

ee Te Be Ma 4

ee a

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 169

1323. Polygonum aviculare. Zzmn., 111.
(Common Knot-grass).

Native, Brit., 1-7. August.

Common in clayey fields in several of its varieties ; vars.
vulgatum, Syme, and arenastrum, Bor., Welton (C.W.);
var. rurivagum, /ord., on waste ground amongst a host of
Chenopodia near West Dock, Hull.

1326. P. Hydropiper. Zznz., 105.
(Biting Persicaria or Water Pepper).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug., III.

Frequent in all divisions, Seaton Ross, Marton near
Burton Constable, &c. »

1327.P. Minus. AMuds.,.52:
(Creeping Persicaria).

Native, Eng., 2.

Woodmansey, near Beverley (R.T.). Specimens named
_ minus in Young’s collection are only small forms of P. Hydro-
_ piper (J.F.R.). We have not confirmed the record of this
_ plant.
1329. P. Persicaria. LZzn7., 112.
. _ (Knot-grass).
_ Native, Brit., 1-7. August.
In cultivated places abundant. Var. b. elatum (Gren. and
_ Godr.) amongst the Hull dock aliens.

1330. P. lapathifolium. Zznz., 103.
(Pale-flowered Knot-grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. August.

Heslington Fields (B.), near Hull and Hedon. Abundant
and luxuriant on the dock wastes.

1332. P. amphibium. Zznz., 108.
: (Willow-grass).
_ Native, Brit., 1-7. July, III.
a Common in ponds, drains, and dykes. Var. terrestre,

M

170 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1333. Polygonum Bistorta. JZzun., 74.
(Common Bistort or Snakeweed).

Native, Brit., 2, 4, 6, 7. July.

Near Beverley (Dr. Hull); Londesboro’ (B.); Fulford
Ing (W.W.) ; Cottingham (G. A. Hill)* ; Swine and Marfleet
(R. H. Philip) ; in Derwentland (W.N.C. and J.B.).

1335. Fagopyrum esculentum. Moench.

(Buckwheat).
Alien.

Escrick, an escape (W.N.C.). Near the Hull docks.*

1337- Rumex conglomeratus. Murr., 96.
(Sharp Dock).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.

Frequent. Sides of springs, on slopes of Wold at South
Cave, 1898; Gembling near Driffield (J.T.H.); Wansford
near Driffield Canal.*

1339. R. sanguineus. Zzn., go.
(Blood-veined Dock).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July.

Fairly frequent. Weedley Dale near South Cave ;*
Londesbro’ ‘‘very frequent” (B.).. Var. viridis, S7bch., at
Hornsea and Risby Park (C.W.), and at Withernsea. The
type fine near Sand-le-mere (Sp., C.W., 1899).*

1340. R. maritimus. Lzun., 39.
(Golden Dock).

Native, Eng., 2, 6, 7. August.

Marshes. Woodmansey (R.T.). R.T. also includes
R. aureus for this station. Riccall (W.N.C.); old brick-field
ponds with brackish water near Dairycoates, Hull (Mr. S.
Mason, 1901).*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 171

1343. Rumex obtusifolius. Zznv., 109.
(Common Dock).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Jaly, (IV.
The commonest Dock. By roadsides and in half-cultivated
places.

1344. R. erispus. Lzvm., 111.

(Curled Dock).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
Vies with R. obtusifolius in frequency. Both vars. sub
cordatus, Warren, and elongatus, Guss., are frequently
conspicuous near or in dykes.*

1346. R. Hydrolapathum. Auds., 71.
(Great Water Dock).
Native, Eng., 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. Aug., II.

y Frequent in Holderness. Dykes near Hull, Hornsea
_ Mere, and R. Hull near Beverley ; near Selby (W.N.C.).

1348. R. Acetosa. Lzu., 112.
(Common Sheep’s Sorrel. ‘‘Green-sauce,” E.R.D.).

Native, Brit., 1-7. June, III.
Common in all divisions.

1350. R. Acetosella. Zzun., 112.
(Sheep’s Sorrel).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, III.
4 Common on the sandy parts of Derwentland; occasionally
also in Holderness near Swine (J.F.R.).

1354. Daphne Laureola. Lzu., 51.
(Common Spurge Laurel). -

ative, Eng., 1,.2, 3; 3) 7- March, IV.
Londesboro’ woods (B.) ; hedge near Burton Constable ;*
hedges at Easington, Holderness;* hedges on the Wolds
and in the Derwentland, as near Brantingham.*

172 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

ELAAGNACE.
1355. Hippophae rhamnoides. Zznm., 7. :
(Sea Buck-thorn).

Native, Ger., 2. May, III.

Abundant on the sandy peninsula of Spurn, being the
principal shrub there, This is the ‘‘dune thorn” of the
Dutch islands.

LORANTHACE:.

1356. Viscum album. Lznm., 40.
(Mistletoe).
Native, Eng., 2, 4, 6. April.

Occasionally in gardens on apple trees. West Ella ;*
Hull Bank House; the vicarage garden, Sproatley; and
formerly on hawthorn in Green Lane, Newland, Hull (now
extinct, the tree having been cut down); much on apple-
trees at Dunswell, April, 1902*; Kedlington (J.B.). The
late Col. Haworth-Booth informed the writer that people still
came begging for the plant to make decoctions for the cure
of epilepsy, and considered it generally efficacious !

EUPHORBIACEZ:.

1359. Euphorbia Helioscopia. Zznn., 112.
(Sun Spurge).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. Summer.
Common in cornfields and gardens.

1360. BK. platyphyllos. Linn., 28.

Native, Eng. August.

Once near Sayce Farm on R. Hull, but probably intro-
duced with corn.*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 173

1368. Euphorbia Cyparissias. Linn.
(Cypress Spurge).
Alien. June, IV.

‘One mile from Hornsea on the road to Hull” (B.).
It is often planted in gardens.*

1371. KE. Peplus. Lzzz., 105.
(Garden Spurge).
Colonist, Brit., 1-7. Summer and Autumn.
Very common on waste places near cultivation.

1372. KH. exigua. Lznn., 83.
(Dwarf Spurge).
Colonist, Eng., 1-7. August.
Like the last.

1375- Mercurialis perennis. Zzw., 107.
(Dog’s Mercury).
Native, Brit., 1-7. April, IV.
Common in copses and thick hedgerows.

1376. M. annua. Linn., 42.
Alien. Autumn.

Occasionally near the docks, Hull. Mr. J. W. Boult.*

Ricinus communis.

(Castor Oil).
Alien.

Docks, and near oil mills, Hull.

“URTICACE.
. 1377- Ulmus montana. Svokes., 98.
(Wych Elm).
Native, Brit., 1-7. _ March, III.

In hedges. Common.

174 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1378. Ulmus surculosa.
(Common Elm. ‘‘Oum,” E.R.D.).

Denizen, Eng. March, III.

Much in evidence, and some big specimens in the Holder-
ness divisions, the corky variety, suberosa, Zhrh, being
common, as at Burton Constable, Wansford, Bilton-in-
Holderness, and Thixendale.

1379. Humulus Lupulus. Zzn., 86.

: (Hop).
Denizen, Eng., 1-7. August, IV.

Frequent in hedges in the E. Riding, Cottingham,*
Barlby, &c. (W.N.C.), near Howden (J.B.). Crops of this
plant were formerly grown near Selby.

1380. Urtica dioica. Lznn., 112.
(Stinging Nettle. ‘‘Tenging Nettle,” E.R.D.).
Native, Brit., 1-7. August.

Common everywhere near dwellings or remains of
dwellings. Var. angustifolia, A. Blytt., occasionally.

1382. U. urens. Lznn., 108.
(Small Nettle).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July and August.
Roadsides near villages and farms.

1383. Parietaria officinalis. Zznn., 94.
(Wall Pellitory).

Native, Brit., 2) 5,6) 7. August.

Not common. Beverley (Dr. Hull), Cottingham and
other old churches. Kirkham Abbey (M.B.S.). In
Derwentland (W.N.C. and J.B.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 175

MyRICACE As.

1384. Myrica Gale. JZznn., 85.
(Bog Myrtle).
Native, Brit., 6, 7. June, III.

Langwith, near York (B.), Houghton Moor (G.N.). Sp.
in herb. (Hull district), J. F. Young. Is it found in the E.
Riding to-day ?

CUPULIFERZ.

1385. Betula verrucosa. Zfrh., 109.
(White Birch).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.
Occasionally in woods.

1386. B. pubescens. Zfrh., 71.
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.
Frequent in hedges in all the districts.

1389. Alnus glutinosa. Medic., 11
(Alder. ‘‘ Eller,” E.R:D.).
Native, Brit., 1-7. April, I.
Not very common in Holderness, but at Hornsea Mere

_and other damp situations. Common near Market Weighton,
_ Selby, and Leavening. It grows well in the Hull parks.

1390. Carpinus Betulus. Zznz., 37.
(Hornbeam).
Native (or Denizen ?), Eng., 3. May, IV.
Some old trees near Little Weighton in hedgerows.* The

tree fruits well at Anlaby in shrubberies, and its nuts are
eagerly devoured by certain finches (Mr. John Porter).

176 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1301. Corylus Avellana. Zznn., 111.
(Hazel. ‘‘ Filbert,” E.R.D.).

Native, Brit., 1-7. March, III.
General in copses all over the Riding.

1392. Quercus Robur. Zzn., 105.
(Oak).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.

Common in woods and old lanes in Holderness and
Derwentland ; less frequent on the Wolds. Some fine trees
in Everingham Park, near Saltmarsh, and at Burton Con-
stable. Both vars., a. pedunculata and c. sessiliflora, are
frequent.

1393. Castanea sativa. J/://.

Denizen, Eng., 1-7. June we

Growing well into fine trees on the Wolds, as at Mount
Airy, South Cave.

1394. Fagus sylvatica. Zzun., 67.
(Beech).
Native, Eng., 1-7. May, II.

The tree of the Wolds, and, although much planted now,
is most likely aboriginal, as on the chalk farther south.
Ptolemy’s place-name, ‘‘ Petuaria””=beech groves, is a likely
one for Beverley or Brough (Mr. J. R. Boyle), where beech
groves are common enough.

SALICINEZE.

1395. Salix triandra. znz., 68.

Native, Eng., 1,,2, 7. May, III.
Hornsea Mere (C.W.) ;* near Selby (W.N.C.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. UPd.

1396. Salix pentandra. Lznn., 58.
| (Bay-leaved Willow).

Native, Scot., 1, 2, 6, 7. May, IV.

Sides of rivers, &c., near Beverley (R.T.) ; frequent near
Hull (B); near Arram, Pulfin Bog*; Selby (W.N.C.) ;
Howden (J.B.); Driffield, King’s Mill (J.T.H.).

1397. S. fragilis. Zznn., 90.
(Crack Willow).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 6, 7. May, III.

Frequent near Hull; this and the next always on the
sides of drains and streams.

1398. S. alba. Lznn., 92.
(White Willow).
_ Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.

_ Common and large near Hull and Beverley, and small
_ the other divisions.

1399. S. cinerea. Lznn,, 106.

(Sallow).
_ Native, Brit., 1-7. May, IV.

Frequent Market Weighton and near Cottingham.*

1400. §. aurita. Linn., 106.

Native, Brit., 1-7. April, IV.
Elloughton, &c., common.

1401. S. Caprea. ZLzzz., 106.
(Goat Willow. Catkins=‘‘ Palms”’).
a Native, Brit., 1-7. April, IV.
_ Weedley Springs near South Cave.

178 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1402. Salix repens. znz.. 08.
(Dwarf Silky Willow).

Native, Brity, 1,2) °6, 7: May, IV.

Frequent on the moors and commons. Houghton Moor,
‘‘ambigua ;” on Skipwith Common (H.F.P. Record Club
Reports) ; the form argentea very fine in the last mentioned
locality.*

_ 405. S. viminalis. Zznn., 88.
(Osier Willow).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, IV.

Very common. Osiergarths where this species is cul-
tivated are frequent in the Holderness part of the Riding.

1411. S. purpurea. Lznzn., 76.
(Purple Osier).

Native, Brit., 2, 6. May, I.

About Beverley (R.T.); in the low grounds between
Beverley and Hull;(B); Market Weighton, 3rd April, 1899 ;
purpurea X viminalis, Dunswell Lane (C.W. and J.F.R.).

1412. Populus alba. Zznz., 60.
(Great White Poplar).
Denizen, Eng. ‘April, I.
Common. Growing well in the damper situations.

1413. P. canescens. Sm., 48.
(Grey Poplar).
Denizen, Eng., 1, 2. April, I.

Frequently found in hedges of old lanes. Inglemire
Lane, near Hull.* Cottingham,* &c.

1414. P. tremula. Zzzz., 105.
(Aspen).
Native, Brit., 1-7. : April, III.
Fairly frequent, but the glabrous variety is most notice-
able.*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 179

1415. Populus nigra. Linn.
(Black Poplar).

Large Tree. Frequent near Hull, as on Cottingham

i

:

: Alien.
;

Lane.

eazinn POPHYLLEA.

1417. Ceratophyllum demersum,. zz. (?).
(Common Hornwort).
Native, Eng., 1, 2, 6. June, IV.
Market Weighton Canal and Hornsea Mere (Y.N.U.).

Arram Beck (1898). River Hull at Wansford.* Ponds at
Marfleet, near Hull (C.W.).*

’ CONIFERZ.

1421. Taxus baccata. Lzun., 52.
(Yew).
Native, Eng., 1-7. March, III.

Frequent, but always in cultivated places, and I think it
is never truly wild in the East Riding.

1422. Pinus sylvestris. Zz., 17.
(Scotch Fir).
Native, Scot., 1, 2, 6, 7. May, IV.

Frequent, and in many cases only a denizen; but on
Skipwith Common it is native (W.N.C.). The stumps are
often met with in post-glacial ‘‘forest beds,” as at Chalk
‘Lane brickpond within the borough of Hull.*

HYDROCHARIDE.
s 1424. Elodea canadensis. Michx.
(Water Thyme, Canadian Pondweed).

Denizen, Atlantic. August.

Common in the dykes and drains, but scarcely so con- |
picuous as it was a dozen years ago.

180 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1425. Hydrocharis Morsus-rane. Zznm., 47.

(Frog-bit).

Native, Eng.,.1, 2, 6, 7. July, III.
Not common. Beverley and Hull (B.); Inglemire Lane
(G.N.); Salt-ings Lane, Hull.* It still grows on the last

station (1898), but is doomed to extinction in the not far
distant future. Near Selby (W.N.C.) ; Howden (J.B.).

1426. Stratiotes Aloides. Zzn., 15.

(Water-Soldier).
Native, Eng. July, II.
Rare. Near Beverley and in the River Derwent (B.).
For many years it grew luxuriantly in a brickpond within
the borough of Hull, where it had been transplanted from a
Park tank; but the pond is now filled up and nearly built
upon.

ORCHIDE As:
1430. Neottia Nidus-avis. Azch., 86.
Native, Brit., 5. June, III.

Wood near Kirkham Abbey on the Derwent (M.B.S.); the
only record.

1431. Listera cordata. 2.Br., 58.

Native, Scot., 7. une.
7

Very rare; ‘‘Wood 4 miles East of York” (B.); in
a Fir-wood near Langwith, Silvanus Thompson; and the
same place, Mr. H. R. Moiser, 1875 (W.W.), the only station.

1432. L. Ovata. &.Br., 105.
(Tway blade). -

Native, Brit., 1-7. June, II.

Common in woods and grassy places in all the divisions ; —

preferring clayey situations with us.

: FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 181

.
| 1436. Goodyera repens. R&.&7., 18.
(Creeping Goodyera).

Native, Scot., 6. July, IV.

Very rare ; only known in one place in Houghton Woods,
where it was first discovered by Mr. J. J. Marshall, at a meeting
of the Y.N.U., Aug., 1888.* From the fact that several
northern species grow in this neighbourhood, we are inclined
to think that this is truly native. The notion that it may
have been imported with fir seedlings should surely apply
also to the Maianthemum in Forge Valley, Cornus suecica
at the Hole of Horcum (North Riding). Mr. J. J. Marshall
informs me that several northern mosses also occur near the
Goodvera station.

1441. Epipactis latifolia. A//., 86.
(Broad-leaved Helleborine).

Wative, Erit.; 1) 2, 3,4, 7- Aug., II.

Common in woods on the chalk, as well as on the glacial
drift of Holderness. Bentley, near Beverley ;* Burton
Constable ;* near Selby (W.N.C.).

1442. EH. media. Fr., 38 (?)
Native, Eng., 1. Aug.
Grimston, Holderness (G.W., Bot. Record Club, 1882).

1445. EH. palustris. Cranfs., 64.
(Marsh Helleborine).

Native, Eng., 1, 2, 4. July, III.

Uncommon. Heslington fields (B) ; Wold-dale bottom,
first found by Miss Mabel Oliver, 1892. By the River Hull,
near Driffield (C.W.), July, 1897;* near King’s Mill (J.T.H.),
1898 ;* at the ‘‘ Pulfin,” River Hull, 1900.*

1447. Orchis pyramidalis. Lznn., 63.
(Pyramidal Orchis).
Native, Ger., 3, 4, 7. Avie, We

Very common on the chalk, as at Hessle.* Also on the
oolitic outcrop near Sonth Cave.*

182 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1448. Orchis ustulata. Lzwn., 43.
(Dwarf Orchis).

Native, Ger., 1-7. May, IV.

In meadows and pastures frequent. At Brantingham
Dale (G.N., 1850) ; Brough (Y.N.U., rgor); Arras (J.J.M.);
Hornsea Mere (C.W., 1895), where I also saw it in 1898;
Fulford Ings (H.S.) ; Barlby, near Selby (W.N.C.) ; Kenney-
thorpe (M.B.S.).

1452. O. Morio. Liun., 63.
(Green-winged Meadow Orchis. ‘‘ Crowfeet,” E.R.D.).
Native, Eng,, 1-7. May, IV..
Very common in pastures in Holderness and Derwentland,

with many varieties of colouring from white and cream to
dark purple.

1453. O. mascula. Lznn., 106.
(Early Purple Orchis. ‘‘ Crowfeet ”’)
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, II.

Very common in copses and woods. The first orchis to
flower in East Riding.

1455. O. incarnata. Lzenn., 67.

Native, Brit., 1, 2, 6, 7. July, I.

In damp places, as at Hornsea Mere, Pulfin Bog, and
Driffield; var. angustifolia Bab. at Staddlethorpe, 1878
(W.W.); much commoner with us than O. Jatifolia, of
which it is supposed by some to be a variety.

1456. O. latifolia. Linn., 42 (Agg., 105).
(Marsh Orchis).

Native, Brit:; 15,2; 6,7. July, Il.
The same as for O. zucarnutfa, only much less frequent.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 183

1457- Orchis maculata. Zznz., 108.
(Spotted Orchis).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
Common in all the divisions in meadows and grassy
places.

1459. Ophrys apifera. Huds. 59.
(Bee Orchis).

Native, Eng., 1, 2, 3, 4. July, I.

Rare; chiefly on the chalk. Hessle Cliff (G.N.); Mr.
Fierké and myself first found it at Hessle, 27th June, 1898, *
where, however, we had heard it was found years ago; the
Warren, Kilnsea near Spurn (Mr. W. Wood, of Hull) ;
Settrington and Mennythorpe (M.B.S.); near railway,
Driffield (W.H.B., 1895); and in July, 1901, Messrs.
MacLean and Waterfall found a big clump of it at Kelsey
Hill gravel pit, Holderness.

1462. O. muscifera. Auds., 43.
(Fly Orchis).
Native, Eng., Incognit.
Rare. ‘‘About Hessle” (B.), not recently confirmed.

Has not ‘‘apzfera” been meant, of which Baine has no record
for Hessle?

1464. Habenaria conopsea. Benzh., 98.
(Clove Orchis).
Native, Brit., 2, 6, 7. July, II.
Rare. Very sparingly in Heslington fields; at Fulford
Ings the large fetid form again found by W. Whitwell, 1877;

Brough gravel-pits (E.A.P.); Cottingham Common, 1850
(G.N.). The last locality is now nearly all cultivated.

1467. H. viridis. &.&r. 97.
(Frog Orchis).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. July, Il.

Common, especially on clay. Hornsea, Lowthorpe,
&c.; Heslington fields (B. and H.S.); near River Derwent
(M.B.S.). :

184 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE,

1468. Habenaria bifolia. 2.2Br., 89.
(Butterfly Orchis).
Native, ( Brit,; 2; 6,7. July, III.
Not common. Skipwith Common (W.N.C.); Pocklington
(Y.N.U.), and Brantingnam Dale near Brough; Birkhill
Wood near Beverley (G.N. and E.A.P.).

1469. H. chloroleuca. Aidley, 87.
(Butterfly Orchis). ;
Native, Brit., 5. July, III.
Rare. Damp places in Howsham Wood (M.B.S.).

IRIDEA:.
1471. Iris foetidissima. Lznu., 40.

Native, Eng., 2.
Beverley (Druce, Record Club). Not likely native here,
with all respect to the said record.

1472. I. Pseudacprus. Lz., 112.
(Yellow Iris, or Flag).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, III.
Common in dykes in all the divisions. Great beds in
marshy places near the River Hull and its tributary streams
at Driffield.*
1476. Crocus vernus. All.
(Purple Spring Crocus).

Alien. Meadows near Beverley (J.J.M., 1898).

AMARYLLIDE.

1481. Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus. Lznn., 76.
(Daffodil, Lent-Lily).

Native, Eng., 2, 3, 5, 6. April, I.

Near River Derwent at Kirkham (B.); Wressle (W.N.C.);
Boynton Woods and Valley of Gipsy Race, near Bridlington,
1898*; Hotham Woods (Mr. G. H. Hill).

aks of BASS (yA ga, wane

ee ag ee ee ee ee

nt he

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 185

1486. Galanthus nivalis. Lznn. ?,

(Snowdrop).
Denizen, 1-7. March, II.
Hedge sides. North Burton Road, E. R. (M.H.); Fulford,
Heworth, and Kexby, near York (B.), and many places in
fields and copses. Not likely truly native. Welton Dale
(C. W.).

DIOSCORE.

1489. Tamus communis. Zznn., 69.
(Black Bryony).
Native, Eng., 1-7. June, II.

Very common in all the divlsions, chiefly scrambling over
_ hedges. Marton-in-Holderness, West Ella, Selby (W.N.C.);
~ near Howden (J.B.).

eeILIACE A. .

1490. Ruscus aculeatus. Linn., 29.

(Butcher’s Broom).
Alien.

Introduced or an escape from shrubberies, as at Brough.

1493. Polygonatum multiflorum. A//., 32.
(Common Solomon’s Seal). _
Native, Eng., 4. June, Ty:
In woods near Welton ; almost certainly not wild here.

1496. Convallaria majalis. Zznn., 58.
(Lily of the Valley).
Native, Ger., 3, 5. May, III.

_ Only in the wooded dales of the small streams from the
N. Wolds, that are tributary to the Derwent (M.B.S.).

N

186 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1499. Allium Scorodoprasum,. Zznn., 17.
(Sand Garlic).
Native, Inter, 2, 6, 7. June, II.

Not very frequent. Heslington fields, Fulford (B.) ; near
R. Hull, 14 miles from Stoneferry (C.W., 1897*); Barlby near
Selby (W.N.C.).

1501. A. vineale. Lin., 79.
(Crow Garlic).
Native, Eng., 2, 7. June, TIT.

Frequent. Fulford Ings and Heslington Ings (B.); banks
of R. Hull at Weel* ; Stoneferry (C.W.); Barlby (W.N.C.).

1502. A. .oleraceum,. Lzzin.; 51.

(Field Garlic).
Native, Ger., 7. July, TI.

Fulford Ings (B.); South Cave*; Barlby (W.N.C.).

1503. A. carinatum. Linn.
Alien. Barlby (W.N.C.).

1504. A. Schoenoprasum. LZ/nn., 7.
(Chives).
Native, Local, 1. July.

Beverley Westwood (J.J.M.). Was it really native here,
or probably only on the site of an old garden ?

1508. A. ursinum. Lnu., 108.

(Broad-leaved Garlic, or Ransoms).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, IV.
Common in damp copses in all divisions.

1512. Seilla festalis. Swdisd., 112.
(Wild Hyacinth. ‘‘ Bluebell”).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, IV.

Very common in woods, copses, and old hedgerows ;
often white, as at Garton in Holderness (C.W.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE, 187

1513. Ornithogalum nutans. Linn.

(Drooping Star of Bethlehem).
Alien. May, III.

Foot-road from York to Heslington (B.).

1514. O. umbellatum. zzz.

Denizen, Eng. May, III.

Kelsey gravel pits, S. Holderness, near the railway
’ (J. W. Boult, 1900); probably an escape or outcast from
_ garden.

1518. Fritillaria Meleagris. Linn., 20.

(Fritillary, or Snake’s-head).
Alien.

Riccall (W.N.C.), a garden escape.

1520. Gagea fascicularis. Swlisb., 42.
(Yellow Star of Bethlehem).

Native, Inter., 3, 7. April, III.

St. Leonard’s Ings at Elvington (B.); Leavening (M.B.S.).
_ The only records.

1522. Colchicum autumnale. Lzn., 40.
(Meadow Saffron, Autumn Crocus, ‘‘ Fog’’ Crocus).
_ Native, Eng., 1, 6, 7. Sept., TIT:
Frequent. Fulford Ings and South Dalton (B.), where

it still grows plentifully *; Woodhall near Wressle (J.B.) ;
banks of R. Ouse (W.N C.).

1533) Narthecium Ossifragum. Huds., 95.
(Bog Asphodel).
Native, Brit., 6. Aug., I.
Rare in the E. Riding, but I gathered fine specimens in a

swampy place in Houghton Woods, August, 1888. This is
the only record.

188 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1525. Paris quadrifolia. Zznn., 73.
(Herb Paris).
Native, (Brits *2,.4, 6,.7: june, EL.
Not common. Skidby chalk pit copses (G.N.); Bentley
Wood near Beverley (E.A.P.); woods between Market
Weighton and Beverley (J.J.M.). Confirmed in the second
station, July, 1901.*

JUNCACEZ.

1526. Juncus bufonius. Zznn., 112.

(Toad Rush).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
Common in ditches and wet places, often by roadsides.

1528. J. Squarrosus. Lznn., 107.

(Goose Corn).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Julyckk
Only on Derwentland heaths and commons. Holme River
Head Wood (J.J.M.),* and Skipwith Common (W.N.C.).*

1530. J. Gerardi. Lozse/, 99.

Native, Brit., 1,°2,.4, 6. July, I.
Very common on the shores of the Humber from Hessle
to Spurn.*

1534. J. glaucus. Zeers, go.
(Hard Rush).
Native, Eng., 1-7. July, III.
Common in wet places.

1535. J. effusus. Zznn., 112.
(Common Rush).
Native, Brit., 1.7. July, Ur

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 189

1536. Juncus conglomeratus. Zznz., 112.
(Common Rush).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, III.

1539. J. Supinus. Mench, 107.
(Lesser-jointed Rush).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, II.

1542. J. lampocarpus. Zjvrh., 110.

(Black Rush).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July IV.

1544. J. acutiflorus. hfrh., 111.

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.
This and the four preceding species are common near
- ponds and in damp ground in all the divisions.

1550. Luzula vernalis. ODC., 108.

Native, Brit., 2. June IV.

__ Only recorded for Birkhill Wood, near Cottingham (*1901)
_ where it is not very abundant.

1551. L. maxima. DC., 108.
(Gfeat Wood-rush).

Native, Brit., 2. June, IV.

Same as above, but much more abundant, and first dis-
covered there in July, 1900.*

1554. L. campestris. DC., 107.
(Field Wood-rush).

Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.
Very common in pastures.

Ig0 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1555- Luzula erecta. JDesv., 107.
(Many-headed Wood-rush).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May III.

Also common, but affecting hedgerows and grassy lanes ;
vars. umbellata and congesta, near Swine, Holderness.

PY PHAGE AL.

1556. Typha latifolia. Zznn., 81.
(Great Cat’s-tail. ‘* Bullrush”’).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, III.

Frequent in disused brick-ponds and sluggish dykes in all
divisions ; Hornsea, Kelsey Hill Ponds, Leckonfield, Hough-
ton Moor, &c.

1557. T. angustifolia. Zznz., 58.
(Lesser Cat’s-tail).
Native, Eng, 1;'2, §, 6) 7. July; 11%:
Frequently found with T. latifolia, but generally very
sparingly. Near Pocklington (B.); Houghton Moor (Y.N.U.);
Kelsey gravel pits, near Keyingham*; Hornsea Mere (C.W.),
1897.*

1558. Sparganium ramosum. Auds., 30; Agg., 108.
(Bur-reed). °
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, Il.
Very common in ponds and dykes in all divisions.

1560. S. simplex. Auds., 99.

Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug., H.
Common in dykes in all the divisions.

1562. S. Minimum. /7., 54.
(Floating Bur-reed).
Native, Brit., Incog.
As S. natans, rare. In ditches on Swine Moor near
Beverley (R.T), not seen recently ; with many other species
now probably extinct.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. Ig!

AROIDEZ:.

1563. Arum maculatum. Zznn., 84.

(Spotted Arum. ‘‘ Lords and Ladies,” ‘‘ Bulls and Cows,”
‘*Parson in Pulpit,” Holderness, and certain other
very unsavoury names).

Native, Eng., 1-7. May, II.

Very common in woods and hedgerows in all the divisions.

1565. Acorus Calamus. Zzzz., 31.
(Sweet flag).
Native, Eng., 3. June; IIT.
Rare in localities; the old ponds at Risby, near Beverley
(R.T.). It still grows here abundantly but flowers only
sparingly, 1898*; near Kirkham Abbey (M.B.S.).

LEMNACEZ.

1566. Lemna trisulca. Zzvz., 73.
(Ivy-leaved Duckweed).
Native, Eng., 1-7. July, I.
Very common in stagnant dykes, especially in Holder-
‘ness. All four species of Lemna may frequently be found

growing together and flowering near Howden and on Skipwith
Common (W.N.C.).

1567. L. minor, Zzz., 106.
(Lesser Duckweed).
Native, Brit., 1, 7. July, I.
Very common.

1568. L. gibba. Lenn., 53-

Native, Eng., 1-7. July, I.
Frequent. Ditches near Beverley (B.) and Hull.* Meaux
Abbey,* Hornsea Mere, and Preston.

192 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE,

1569. Lemna polyrrhiza. Linn., 59.
(Greater Duckweed).
Native, Eng., 1, 2, 6, 7. July I.

Frequent. Ponds near Beverley (B.); old fish ponds at
Swine (J. W. Boult)* ; Hornsea (C. W.)*; near Selby (W.N.C.).

ALISMACE.

1571. Alisma Plantago-aquatica. JLznn., 100.
(Water Plantain).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July II.
Very common in all dykes. ;

1572. A. ranunculoides. Linn., 87.
(Lesser Water Plantain).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 6, 7. July, IV.
Frequent in similar localities to the above. Inglemire
Lane (G.N.) 1850; Kelsey Hill Ponds (C.W.); Salt-Ings and

Dunswell Lane dykes (J.F.R.); Skipwith Common (W.N.C.);
near Howden (J.B.).

1573- Elisma natans. Suchen, 14.
(Floating Water Plantain).

Native, Local, Incognit.

Very rare. ‘In the ‘‘Lake at Hornsea” (R.T.), now
probably extinct, as it has only been once seen since Tees-
dale’s day (B. sup.). I doubt very much that it has ever
existed in the E. Riding.

1574. Sagittaria sagittifolia. Zznn., 58.
(Arrowhead).
Native, Eng., 1-7 Aug., 2
Common in dykes near Beverley (Dr. Hull), Spring dyke,
Hull, where it still grows*; Beverley (B.); Dunswell, and in
many Holderness drains and dykes, e.g., near Brandesburton,
Sutton, and Keyingham.

—e

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE, 193

1575. Damasonium stellatum. /ers., 13.
(Star-fruit).
Native, Eng., 2. June.

Very rare. Seen frequently in the ’seventies by the late
Mr. E. A. Peak and Mr. T. Dennis, near Stoneferry, Hull.
Not seen of late in this station, but the pond and dyke still
exist, and probably also the plant.

1576. Butomus umbellatus. Lz7., 60.
(Flowering Rush).
Native, Eng. , 15.2; 5,°6, 9: July, II.
Still very common both in Holderness and Derwentland,
making a handsome show when in flower. Derwent at Kirk-
ham (B.); near Beverley and Cottingham (R.T.); Keyingham
and other drains of Holderness. Growing wild within the

borough of Hull, 1898. Many of the old localities of G.
Norman and others, however, have the plant no longer.

NAIADACE#.

1577. Triglochin palustre. Zznv., 110.
(Arrow-grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. ; July

Frequent in wet, grassy places and on edges of ponds.
Hedon, 1898, and widely distributed elsewhere.

1578. T. maritimum, Lznz., 79.

Native, Brit., 1, 2, 4. Summer.
Very common on the Humber shores, with Plan/ago

maritima, Armeria maritima, Glaux, &c.

1580. Potamogeton natans. Zznn., 100.
(Pond-weed).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, IV.
Common in stagnant ponds and sluggish dykes in all the

_ districts.

194 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1581. Potamogeton polygonifolius. Powr., 107.

Native, Brit., 1-7. June, IV.

Common in Holderness drains; Lambwath stream, 1895*;
Skipwith Common, June, 1896 (C.W.).

1583. P. coloratus. ornem., 32.

Native, Eng., 6, 7. June, 1V.

Rare. Pools near railway, Market Weighton (J.J.M.)* ;
Heslington Fields, near York (C. C. Babington, B. sup.) ;
Pond on Barlby side of Skipwith Common (C.W., 1g00).*

1584. P. alpinus. Bald., 70.

Native, Brit., 1, 2. July,
Common in River Hull and large drains; sp. confirmed
by Mr. Ar. Bennett.

1587. P. heterophyllus. Schred., 71.

Native, Brit., 1, 2. icy. te

Not common. Ditches near Beverley (B.). Is this the
plant of Teesdale’s list—‘‘P. palustre foliis inferioribus
submersis,” &c., &c.? Lowthorpe, near Driffield, in ponds,
Y.N.U. meeting, 1890.

1590. P. lucens. Lznn., 75.
(Shining Pond-weed).
Native, Eng, 1, 2,°6, 7. July, I.

Fairly common. Market Weighton Canal (J.J.M.) ; also
in River Hull and Leven Canal, Holderness.*

1595. P. perfoliatus. Zzn., 93.

Native, Brit., 1, 2. July.
Rare. Near Beverley (Dr. Hull) ; Hornsea Mere.*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 195

1596. Potamogeton crispus. zmz., 94.
(Curled Pond-weed).

Native, Brit., 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. July, I
Common in drains and dykes, var. approaching serratus,
Huds., not uncommon near Hull*; River Derwent (B.).

1597- P. densus. Lunu., 59.
(Opposite-leaved Pond-weed).
“Native; Eng., 1, ‘2,6, 7. July I.

Very common in Holderness*; in the River Derwent (B.);
near Selby (W.N.C.).

1598. P. zostereefolius. Schum, 20.

Native, Eng., 1, 2
Near Beverley (B.); very likely in our drains, but not
identified of late.

1600. P. obtusifolius. Mert. and Koch., 54.
(Grassy Pond-weed).
Native, Eng., 1, 2. June, III.
Not common. Drain within borough of Hull, near New-

land Avenue*; as ‘‘compressus,”’ near Beverley (Dr. Hull) ;
open drain in Hull (C.W., rgor).

1601. P. Friesii. Rupr., 47.

Native, Eng., 2. + July, I

In a dyke west of Hull, 1896* (fide Mr. Ar. Bennett) ;
also an undetermined hybrid (?) in pond at Marfleet near
Hull, 1900.*

1602. P. pusillus. Zzmz., 101.
(Small Pondweed).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 6, 7. June, IV.

Ponds near Beverley; Kelsey Hill Ce eR a much
attenuated form near Bromfleet* ; Selby (W.N.

196 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1605. Potamogeton pectinatus. Zznz., 83.
(Fennel-leaved Pondweed).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 6, 7. July, I.

Common, particularly in Holderness; at Marfleet; Stone-
ferry in small ponds and dykes. In Teesdale’s list as
P. marinus.

1606. P. interruptus. Azz, 48?
Native, Eng., 2, 6. July, I.

Frequent. Market Weighton Canal (C.W., fide Mr. Ar.
Bennett) ; drain near Marfleet; Holderness (C.W.).

1609. Ruppia rostellata. Koch, 40.
Native, Brit., 2. Aug., III.

Uncommon. Tidal pools, Easington, 1900, and Patrington
Haven, 1901; both first records of Mr. T. Petch.

1610. Zannichellia palustris. Zznn., 71.
(Horned Pondweed).

Native, Brit., 1-7. Summer.
Very common in stagnant and sluggish watery places.

1614. Zostera marina. Linn., 55.
(Grass Wrack).
Native, Brit., 2. Aug., II.
Cast up within Spurn Head, 1888.*

CYPERACEAt:

1622. Hleocharis acicularis. #. Z&r., 73.
(Little Spike-rush).

Native, Eng., 2, 6, 7. June, II.

Not common. Near Pocklington and Dunnington Com-
mon, near York (B.); Hall Ings, Cottingham (C.W., June,
1808.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 197

1623. Eleocharis palustris. &. Br. 111.
(Creeping Spike-rush).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, III.
Common in all damp ground by the edges of pools.

1625. E. multicaulis. 5Svz., 88.
Native, Brit., 6, 7. July.
' Frequent. Houghton Moor (B.) and Skipwith.*

1626. Scirpus pauciflorus. Zzghéf., 91.
Native, Brit., 2, 4, 6. June, III.

Houghton Moor, and marshes near Beverley (R.T.) ;
Driffield (Y.N.U., July, 1900); Newbald Springs (24th June,
1899)* ; Hull Ings near Cottingham, June, 1900 ee W. and
J.F.R.), jide Mr. Ar. Bennett.

1627. S. ceespitosus. Lznn., 104.
Native, Brit., 6, 7. July.
Common on dry moors. Skipwith Common, Aller-
thorpe, &c.
1629. §. fluitans. Zznn., 86.
(Floating Mud-rush).
Native, Brit., 2
Frequent in marshy places. Ditches, Cottingham (R.T.),
Hull (B.).
1631. S. setaceus. Zznzn., 108.
Native, Brit., 6. July.
Houghton Moor (J.J.M.).*

1633. S. lacustris. Zznz., 1o1.
(Lake Club-Rush).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I
Frequent. Kelsey gravel-pit ponds, Hornsea Mere, &c.

198 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE,

1634. Seirpus Tabernemontani. Gumel., 57.

Native, Eng. 1, 2G,’ 7. July, T:
Not very common. Drains near Brough (C.W.)*; also
near Staddlethorpe, R. H. Moiser, 1878 (W.W.).

1638. S. maritimus. Zzvvn., 84.
(Salt marsh Club-Rush).

Native, Brit. fy 2, 4525. July, I.

Abundant near Hull in dykes and on the Humber shore.
One of the first plants to bind the naturally warped land, as
at Bromfleet Island.*

1640. §. Caricis. Rezs., 53.

Native, Eng., 1, 2, 4, 7. July, ci

Fairly common. Shores of Hornsea Mere (J.F.R.);
Driffield, between R. Hull and Canal (C.W., 1898); Newbald
Springs, 1899.

1643. Eriophorum vaginatum. Zznn., go.
(Cotton-grass).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 6, 7. May, I.

Near Beverley (B.); Skipwith Common (W.N.C.); and
other places in Derwentland (J.B.).

1644. E. angustifolium. oth., 109.
(Cotton-grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.
Frequent. Near Beverley (R.T.); Saltend Common, near
Hedon, and near Hull*; Skipwith Common (W.N.C.) ;
near Howden (J.B.).

1645. E. latifolium. Aoffe., 54.

Native, Brit., 2, 4. May, IIT.
Bogs and wet places near Beverley (R.T.); Weedley
Springs near South Cave (C.W.).*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 199

1650. Schoenus nigricans. Lznn., 76.

Native, Brit., 2, 4. May, III.

Rare. Wold-dale (Woodale) (H.F.P.); by the railway,
in the remains of the old marsh, at Hall Ings, Cottingham,
rith May, 1901.* A sp. of this plant is in one of the late
Mr. J. F. Young’s dried collections, but without a locality.

1653. Carex dioica. Linn., 79.

Native, Scot., 1, 6. June, I.

Rare. Only as yet in one or two places ; marshy ground
between Driffield Canal and R. Hull, where it was found by
Mr. John Farrah, F.L.S., and the author in July, 1899.
Also in marshy ground at the ‘‘Cockle Pit” Springs near
Brough, 27th May, 1901* (Y.N.U.).

1654. C. Davalliana. Sy., 1.
Incognit.

Marshy ground near Beverley (R.T.); no confirmation of
this record.

1655. C. pulicaris. Lznn., 107.
(Flea Sedge).
Native, Brit:, 1, 2, 4; 6, 7. June, I.
Not common. Near Beverley (Dr. Hull); Houghton

Moor ; Cottingham Common (G.N.); Newbald Springs * ;
near Driffield and Wansford.*

1659. C. divisa. Huds., 27.

Native, Eng., 2. June, I.

Not of common occurrence, but plentiful where it grows.
*“ Meadow called Derricoates, Hull” (R.T.). The station at
_ Dairycoates is now built upon. This species, however, was
found by the author at Marfleet, three miles east of Hull,
where it is fairly plentiful (1894), and each year since. Also
near Hedon Haven, May, 1898.* It is abundant on Saltend
Common, near Hedon, 1901.*

200 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1660. Carex disticha. Huds., 81.
(Soft Brown Sedge).

Native, Eng., I-7. June, III.
Common in all the districts. Near Newsholme (J.B.) ;
Weedley Dale, Leven Canal, Newbald Springs,* &c.

1661. C arenaria. Zznzn., 68.
(Sea Sedge).

Native, Brit., 1, 2, 5. June, III.

Grovehill, and low places near Hull Bridge (B.), rather
unlikely places; Sand-le-mere on the Holderness coast (C. W.);
Spurn.*

1662. C teretiuscula. Good, 56.
(Lesser-panicled Sedge).

Native, Brit., 2.

Rare. Arram Carr near Beverley (R.T.). Not seen of
late on this station, perhaps on account of the drainage and
cultivation having cleared the marshes away, and with them
many old rarities. But is C. paradoxu below mentioned not
the Carex meant ?

1663. C. paradoxa. Willd., 7.

Native, Local, 1, 2, 7. June, III.

Heslington fields (Rev. A. O. Moore, 1856); now extinct
ou this station owing to drainage (H.J.W.). Plentiful at
Commonbank Nook (Pulfin Bog) near R. Hull, where I first
found it in May 1896. Boggy ground by R. Hull near
Driffield, July, 1898 (C.W.). Mr. Ar. Bennett confirms our
determination of specimens from the last two localities.
Langwith Common (Silvanus Thompson, senr., W.W.).
These discoveries give this species less of a ‘‘local”’ character
than has hitherto been attached to it.

1664. C. paniculata. Zznz., 92.
(Hummock Sedge).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, IV.
Frequent. Wet pastures near Beverley (Dr. Hull and B.);
still in this locality (J.J.M.). Lowthorpe Woods (Y.N.U.,
1890); King’s Mill, Driffield (C.W., 1898).* Var. simplicior,
Andrs., near Wansford, July, tg00 (C.W.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 201

1665. Carex vulpina. Zznw., 86.
(Great Sedge).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 4, 6, 7. June, III.

Common by the sides of dykes in Holderness, particularly
near the Humber.

1667. C. muricata. Lzun., 78.
(Great Prickly Sedge).
Native, Brit., 6, 7. June, I.

Notcommon. Near Welton, and North and South Cave *
-(C.W.); Skipwith Common, 1900.*

1668. C. divulsa. Good., 50.
Native, Eng., 6. June, I.

Rare. Grassy roadside near North Cave once only * (sp.
in Herbarium, J.F.R.).

1669. C. echinata. Murr., 110.
(vel. C. stellulata, Good.).
Native, Brit., 6, 7. June, I.

Not common except in one or two places. Allerthorpe
_ (Y.N.U., 1896) and Skipwith Commons, 1900.*

1670. C. remota. Lznn., 87.
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, IV.

Not frequent, but in all divisions. Near Beverley (Dr.
_ Hull); Birkhill Wood near Cottingham.*

1671. C. axillaris. Good., 57.
Native, Eng., 2.

Ditches near Beverley; shown to Teesdale by Colonel
_Machell (R.T.). No confirmation of late, but so rich is
Holderness in Carices, it may still be present.

oO

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

bo
le)
to

1674. Carex elongata. Zznn., 17.

Native, Ger., 7.

Rare. Boggy woods, Langwith near York (B. sup.), the
only station.

1677. C. ovalis. Good., 112.
(vel. C. leporina, Zzuz., Oval-spiked Sedge).
Native, Brit., 4, 7. July, II.
Uncommon. In the two eastern divisions, only at Risby
Park.*
1682. ©, acuta. Linn., 72.
(Slender-spiked Sedge).
Native, Brit.; 1, 2)°6, 7. June, III.
Frequent. Banks of rivers, Beverley (R.T.); banks of

ditches near Beverley (B.); also in similar places near Hull
(sp., fde Mr. Ar. Bennett); Wressle (J.B.).

1687. C. Goodenowii. /. Gay, 110.
(vel. C. vulgaris, Brit. Fl., Common Sedge).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June I

Common by drain and dyke sides, especially in Holder-
ness.* Hornsea Mere side, and Swine Moor near Beverley.
C. stricta, Good., Heslington fields (B. sup.), and I believe
some of my Hornsea gatherings are of this sub-species.*

1688. C. flacca. Schreb., 109.
(wed. C. glauca, Scop., Glaucous Heath Sedge).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, III.
Common in all the divisions.

1696. C. pilulifera. Ziun., 104.
(Round-headed Sedge).
Native; Bit. i, 2, 6,,7- July i:

Rather uncommon. On gravelly places ; Brandesburton*
morainic mounds, and near Newbald.*

FLORA QF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 203

1698. Carex verna. Chaix., 96.

(vel. C. preecox, Jacg., Spring Sedge).
Native, ‘Brits; 1.25 3,4.” May, II.
Frequent on the Wolds. Wold-dale near South Cave,*

flowering when and where Moonwort sporophylls are unfold-
ing in gravelly fields near Cottingham, May tgo1.

17o1. ©. panicea. Lznz., 111.
(Pink-leaved Sedge).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, a0:

Common. Near Hull (B.); Drewton Dale and Pulfin Bog,
and in all the divisions.

1706. C. pendula. Huds., 75.
(Great Pendulous Sedge).
Native, Brit., 2. May, IV.

Known only in one place, namely, Birkhill Wood near
Cottingham ; first seen there, July, 1901.*

1709. ©. sylvatica. Auds., 87.
(Pendulous Wood Sedge).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, IV.
Common in woods and copses. Swine.

1712. C. distans. Lzuz., 58.
(Loose Sedge).
Native, Brit.,, 1; 2, 3: ‘May, IV.

Frequent ; near the sea. Flambro’ Head, near Bempton
(J.E.R.); Sand-le-Mere (C.W., 1895); Saltend Common.

1714. C. fulva. Good., 84.
(Tawny Sedge).
Native, Brit., 1, 2. June, IV.

Wet pastures near Beverley (R.T.); marshy ground
- between R. Hull and Driffield Canal, 1go0.*

ws 4 vente

204 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1715. Carex extensa. Good., 54.
(Long Bracteate Sedge).

Native, Brit., 1, 2, 6. Juty, I.

Same as the last (R.T.). Near Brough and Cottingham
(C.W. and J.F.R.).

1716. C. flava. Linn., 65.
(Yellow Sedge).

Native; Brit. 1,72, 6; 7- July, 1.

Common in the more western districts. Over Cleugh,
King’s Mill, Driffield, Brough and near Cottingham ; var.
(Ederis, Refz., on Skipwith Common (H.F.P. Rec. Club).

1717. ©. filiformio. Lznn., 41.
(Slender-leaved Sedge).
Native, Scot., 1, 2.

”
.

‘“ Very common in all marshes about Beverley (R.T.)
No one has confirmed the record of late. The marshes have
so nearly all vanished that with them this species may have
also gone. Still it may have been overlooked.

1718. C. hirta. Linz., 98.
(Hairy Sedge).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, I.
Frequent in damp places in all the divisions.

1719. C. Pseudo-cyperus. Linn., 48.

Native, Eng., 2.
Rare. Dumble Pit near Beverley (R.T.). Cannot be
confirmed for the present.

1720. C. acutiformis. Zhrh., 77.
(Lesser Common Sedge).

Native, Brit., 1-7. June, I.

Uncommon. Banks 6f Derwent (B.); Hall Ings ; Beverley
Beck.*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 205

21. Carex. riparia. Curtis, 76.
(Great Common Sedge).

Native, Brit., 1-7. June, I.
Very common in all the more stagnant dykes.

1722. C. rostrata. Séokes, 103.
(Slender-beaked Bladder Sedge).

Native, Brit., 1-7. June, II.

Frequent. Pulfin Bog, near R. Hull; Hornsea Mere
(C.W.).

1724. C. vesicaria. Linn., 79.
(Short-beaked Bladder Sedge).

Native, Brit., 1-7. June, II.
Ditches at Beverley (R.T.); Hull; Cottingham (B.) ;

_ Weedley Springs, South Cave; banks of drain near Sand-
_ le-Mere (C. W.).

~GRAMINE.

1728. Panicum Crus-galli. Linn.
P. miliaceum. Linn.
P. capillare. Linn.
1729. Setaria viridis. Beauv., 34.
1230. S. glauca. Beauv.
1731. S. verticillata. Beauv.

Aliens. Waste ground near St. Andrew’s Dock, Hull,
rhere sweepings of dock sheds and ay trucks and much
other refuse are thrown down.

1726. Phalaris canariensis.§ Linz.

4 (Canary Grass).
me Alien.

Not uncommon on refuse heaps.

206 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE,

1738. Phalaris arundinacea. Zzzv., 110.
(Reed or Ribbon Grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, II.
Frequent in wet places: generally distributed.

1739, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Lznm., 111.
(Sweet Vernal Grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I.
In every meadow.

1743. Alopecurus fulvus. Sv., 27.
Native, Eng., 2. July.
Found only once near Skidby Drain between Hull and
Beverley.*
1744. A. geniculatus. Lznn., 112.

Native, Brit,, 1-7. Summer.
Common in wet places in all the districts.*

1745. A. bulbosus. Gouan., 22.
Native, Eng.

Unknown now. Places where water stands; Beverley
and Hull (R.T.)—or is this A. fulvus, for which some make
bulbosus a synonym? The description of the habitat agrees
with that for which A. fu/vus was found by the author.

1746. A. pratensis. Zzzz., 105.

(Meadow Foxtail).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May,

Very common in cultivated fields, and on the edges
thereof. Swine and Cottingham.*

1748. Milium effusum. JZz77., 88.
(Millet Grass).
Native, Brit.c15.2,) 3y43 (7 July, I.

Not uncommon in woods and copses on the Wolds. At
S. Cave,* Little Weighton,* and near Beverley.*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 207

1750. Phleum pratense. Zz77., 108.
(Timothy, or Cat’s-tail Grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July,, I.

Very common in meadows.* Var. nodosum, Zz77., in
> ’
dry fields near Driffield.*

1752. P. arenarium. Linn., 47.
(Sea Cat’s-tail Grass).
Native, Eng., 1, 2. July, III.

Frequent on the sandy parts of sea coast. Atwick near
Hornsea, &c. (B.); Spurn, Y.N.U., 1898 (J.J.M.).*

1755. Agrostis canina. Zz., 101.
(Brown Bent Grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I.

Frequent in the western districts, especially in damp
places on the sandy commons and moors. Market Weighton.*

1750. A. palustris. AHuds., 104.

Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug, ID.

Frequent. Var. maritima, M/ey., at Bridlington (R.T.) ;
Sand-le-mere (C.W.), 1897.”

1757. A. vulgaris. With., 112.
(Fine Bent Grass).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.
Very common on gravelly places in Holderness, but
especially on the sandy commons of the western divisions
of the Riding.

1758. Polypogon monspeliensis. Desf., 7.
(Beard Grass).
Alien.

Old brick-pond near Hull, 1896, now built upon*; near
the docks (E.A.P.); casual at Barlby (W.N.C.).

7

208 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1760. Calamagrostis epigeios. foth., 60.
(Wood Small-reed).
Native, Eng., 1, 2. July, III.

Not common. Rise Park, 18g0% ; in a small dyke on the
road from Beverley to Meaux, July, 1901 (C. W.).*

1761. C. lanceolata. Roth., 39.
(Small-reed).
Native, Ene, 1,02, 3, 4, 6; 7- July, I.
Hornsea and Bridlington (R.T.) ; Wold-dale bottom near
South Cave, May, 1898*; Heslington fields, Silv. Thompson,
1844, and Rev. A. O. Moore, 1846 (W.W.); at Hornsea

Mere (C.W.) 1897.* A common and beautiful grass in
damp places near the R. Hull, as at Pulfin Bend.

1763. Apera Spica-venti. Peauv., 17.
(Silky Bent Grass).
Colonist, Ger., 6, 7. Aug., I.

Frequent in cornfields. Near Market Weighton, Y.N.U.,
1888*; Brough (C.W.).

1767. Ammophila arundinacea. /os?/, 64.
(Marram or Sea-reed).
Native, Brit., 1, 2: July, I.
Common on the coast sand-hills at Hornsea, Sand-le-

mere, and Spurn,* where the sister species, A. baltica, Zznk.,
should also grow.

1770. Aira caryophyllea. Lzn7., 110,
(Silver Hair-grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I.
Market Weighton sand field (J.J.M.).*

i771. A: precox. Lzn., 111.
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, III.

Market Weighton sand field (J.J.M.)*; Brough ‘‘ Cockle”
pits on old gravel heaps.* :

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 209

1773. Deschampsia ceespitosa. Beauv., 111.
(Tufted Hair-grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, III.

Not particularly common in the E. Riding. South Cave,*
Market Weighton.*

1776. D. flexuosa. 7Zrin., 107.
(Heath Grass).
Native, Brit., 6, 7. July, I.

Houghton Moor (R.T. and J.J.M.), and on the other
_ commons in the Derwent districts.*

1777- Holeus mollis. Zzn., 107.
(Creeping Soft-grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, TV.

Woods and shady places, frequent ;_ Birkhill Wood, near
_ Cottingham*; Wassand Woods, near Hornsea Mere*; near
ae selby (W.N.C.).

4 1778. H. lanatus. Zzwz., 111.

(‘‘ Yorkshire Fog,” E.R.D.).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.
In all meadows.

1779. Trisetum pratense. /ers., 93.
(Avena flavescens. Yellow Oat-grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I.

Very common in all districts, especially in dry situations.
Market Weighton,* Hessle,* Driffield,* &c.

1780. Avena pubescens. Auds., 91.
(Downy Oat-grass).
Native, Brit., 3. July, II.
Not common. North Grimston, 1897 (M.B.S.).

210 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE,

1781. Avena pratensis. Zznz., 76.
Native, Brit., 3, 4, 6. July, IV.

Not uncommon on the Wolds. Skidby old chalk pits,
July, 1898* ; Welton, 1896 (C.W.).

1763. A fatua. Lznn,,; 77.
(Wild Oat).
Colonist, Brit., 2.
Frequent. Beverley (B.). We cannot confirm.

1784. Arrhenatherum avenaceum. V#eauv., 112.
(False Oat-grass).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July.

Very common in all the districts.”

1787. Phragmites communis. 7777., 104.
(Common Reed).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.

Abundant in Holderness, as at Hornsea Mere, where it
forms a perfect jungle 9 to 10 feet high; Dunswell dykes* ;
also near Selby and Market Weighton.

1789. Cynosurus cristatus. L7znw., 112.
(Dog’s-tail Grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.
Common in meadows everywhere.*

1791. Koeleria cristata. /ers., 80.

Native, Brit., 1, 2. June, III.

Should be on all gravelly pastures, but is probably often
overlooked. First noted at Coneygarth, near Brandesburton,
June, 1899.* On gravelly banks of the River Hull near
Driffield (C.W.), together with the var. gracilis (Boreau).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 211

1792. Molinia varia. Schrank., 108.
(vel. M. ccerulea, Blue Moor-grass).
Native, Brit., 2, 6. August, I.
Rather rare. Houghton Moor, 1888,* and abundantly in

damp places on Skipwith Common. Hall Ings, Cottingham,
1897,* where also grow Schenus, Scirpus paucifiorus, &c.

1793. Catabrosa aquatica. Beauv., 94.
(Whorl-grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. ; June, II.

Common in shallow dykes and particularly in those that
dry up during the summer. Hall Ings, Cottingham, and
other places near Hull.*

1794. Melica nutans. Zzv., 49.

Incognit.
In the list in Oliver’s ‘‘Beverley,” but a most unlikely

_species for the district ; undoubtedly a blunder.

1795. M. uniflora. Refz., 96.
(Wood Melic).
Native, Brit., 1-7. june.
A very pretty and common grass with us; copses and
lanes full of it, as at Hall Ings, Haltemprice Lane, Swine
nursery plantation,* &c.

1796. Dactylis glomerata. Zznz., 112.
(Cock’s-foot Grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July. «
Common in all grass fields.*

1798. Briza media. Lznn., 108.
(Trembling Grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, Il.
Frequent in all districts. *

212 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1800. Poa annua. Lznz., 111.
Native, Brit., 1-7. May to October.
Everywhere—the grass in the street.

1807. P.nemoralis. Zz77., go.
(Wood Meadow-grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.

Generally distributed in meadows and field hedge-rows.
Several varieties noted but not yet determined.

1808. P.compressa. Zz7., 69.
Native, Brit., 2. July.

Waste places, bank of R. Hull, near Stoneferry, June,
1898 * ; near Wawne (C.W.).

1810. P. pratensis. Zzn., 110.

Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
Very common in meadows, as at Little Weighton and
Brandesburton.*

1812. P. trivialis. Zzv7., 110.

Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
Also very common, in similar places to the species
immediately above.

1813. Glyceria fluitans. #.&r., 110.
(Flote-grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
Very common in shallow stagnant water. Ponds near
Hull; Stoneferry, and the Humber embankments.

814s (G.. plicata. 27, 72:

(Floating Meadow-grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
Frequently in similar places to the above (C. W.).*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 213

1815. Glyceria aquatica. Sm., 70.
(Water Sweet-grass).
Native, Eng., 1-7. June and July.

Common east of the Wolds in dykes and drains; between

Hull and Beverley, 1895 * ; great beds by River Hull, near
Driffield.*

1816. G. maritima. Mert. and Koch., 67.
(Sea Meadow-grass).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 4, 7, 7. July, III.

Very common. Banks of the Humber (C.W.)*; near
Hull (R.T.).

1817. G. distans. Wahlend., 56.
Native, \Brit., 2, 4, 6, 7. July,.1.

Commoner than Glyceria maritima on the Humber shores
farthest from the sea, e.g., Bromfleet Island and Brough
Haven, where it is an important silt-binder.+

1820. Festuca rigida. Kunth, 91.
Native, Eng., 1-7. July.

_ Frequent in dry places. Kirkham Abbey (B.); Kelsey
Hill gravels, Holderness * ; chalk pits, Willerby. *

1822. F. uniglumis. Soland, 19.
Native, Eng., 1, 2. July.
Very rare. On the sea coast at Atwick (S. Gibson,
Addm. B.); not found recently, though looked for. On walls,
Beverley (R.T.), where again it is now looked for in vain.

1825. F. sciuroides. Roth, 104.
(Wall Fescue Grass).

Native, Eng., 3, 4. July.
As F. bromozdes on the Wolds (R.T.); no late confirmation.

+ See Introductory Chapter— Natural Warping.”

214 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1826. Festuca ovina. Zenm., 111.
(Sheep’s-bent).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, IV.
Very frequent on commons in the Derwent districts, and
on the morainic mounds of Holderness* ; Brandesburton*

(J.J.M.).
1827. F. rubra. Zzzz., 100.
(Creeping Frescue Grass).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I.

Pastures, Flambro’ (R.T.). Var. arenaria (Osdeck), on the
Humber bank east of Hull.* Between Filey and Speeton (B.).
‘‘Danes” Dyke, Bridlington (C.W..).

1830. F. sylvatica. Vill., 30.
(Reed Fescue Grass).
Native, Scot., 4.
Very rare ; probably now extinct if, indeed, it ever existed
in Walkington. Walkington Wood near Beverley (R.T.).

1831. F. elatior. Lzn2., 95.
(Tall Fescue Grass).

Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug., Fe

Between Howden and Market Weighton (B.). Frequent
in meadows and by roadsides between North and South
Newbald and Beverley. Var. pseudo-loliacea, Hackel, near
Beverley (R.T.). Var. pratensis, Wuds., Hessle (C.W., jfide
Mr. Ar. Bennett). An enormous form, apparently of this
species, at ‘‘ Danes” Dyke.

1832. F. arundinacea. Schred., 84.

Native, Brit., 2. Aug., I. |
Not uncommon with the other seaside grasses at Spurn.
Sand-le-mere, 1898.*

1833. Bromus giganteus. Zzun., 98.
(Great Brome-grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug., I.
Common in woods and copses. Willerby, 1897*;
Welton (C.W.).

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 21

Un

1834. Bromus ramosus. uds., 96.
(Rough Brome-grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug, I.
Very common in all copses and shady places. Skidby.*

1835. B. erectus. uds., 49.

Native,. Eng., 3,4. August.
Common on the Wolds (R.T.); North Grimston (M.B-S:).

1836. B. madritensis.§ Linn., 11.
Alien.

“At the Hull docks ; var. b. rigidus (Rozh), also frequent.

1837. B. tectorum.
Alien.

In the same place as the preceding.

1839. B. sterilis. Zzvn., 108.
Native, Brit., 1-7. Aug., II.

Common, particularly on roadsides and mud-topped walls
as at Newbald and other villages.

1840. B. secalinus. Zinw., 80.

Colonist, Brit., 6. August.

Market Weighton (R.T.); Humber Banks, Hessle (G.
Webster, 1879, W.W.).

1841. B. racemosus. Zinw., 14.
Native, Eng., Incognit.
Marshes near Beverley (R.T.). Probably an error for
B. commutatus.
1842. B. commutatus. Schrad.,, 92.
Native, Brit.
Waste ground near Hull docks.*

216 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1843. Bromus mollis. Zznn., 112.
(Soft Brome-Grass).
Native, Brit., 1-7. June, I.

Common in fields and by roadsides* ; var. d. interruptus,
FHlackel., amongst the dock aliens.

1844. B. arvensis. Linn.
Alien.

Cornfields near Little Weighton (R.T.).*

B. scoparius.
B. macrostachys. God.
B. squarrosus. Bub.

Aliens. Hull docks. All three identified by Mr. S. T.
Dunn.

1845. Brachypodium gracile. Aeauv., 111.
(Slender False Brome-grass).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I

Not common in E. Riding. In old chalk pit near
Willerby, 1897.*

1846. B. pinnatum. Beauv., 37.
(Heath False Brome-grass).

Native, Eng., 3, 4, 6. July I.
Market Weighton (B.) ; ree on the Wolds; Sled-
mere (Y.N.U., 1891) , and (M.B

1847. Lolium perenne. Zenn., 112.
(Darnel or Rye-grass).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I

Very common in ‘‘seed”’ fields and by roadsides : all the
vars. of the L.C.,—remotum, Schrank, multiflorum, Zanz.,
aristatum, Schum, italicum Araun—are found in every
“seed” field.

ee eC Ch Oe

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 217

1849. Lolium temulentum. Z7nv., 64.
(Bearded Darnel. ‘*Drooak,’”? E.R.D.).
Colonist, Brit., 1, 6, 7. July, I.

Rare now. Cornfields Langwith (B.); near Selby
(W.N.C.). Var. arvense, W7th., Walkington fields and
near Beverley (R.T.); and near North Cave village, 1899.*

1850. Agropyron caninum. Beauv., go.
(Dog-wheat).
Native, Brit., 1, 2. July, I.
Sides of fields: frequent. Leckonfield and Wawne
ce WW .)*
1851. A. repens. Beauv., 111.

(Common Couch-grass. ‘* Wicks,” E.R.D.).
Native, Brit., 1-7. july uk.
Everywhere the too common pest of arable land.

1852. A.pungens. Roem. and Schult., 17.

(Biting Couch-grass).
Native, Eng. July, Il.
Rare. Var. pycnanthum, Gr. and Godr., near the Humbert

at Hessle (C.W., fide Rev. E. F. Linton).

1854. A.junceum. Seauv., 48.
(Rushy Wheat-grass).
Native, Brit., 1, 2. July, IV.
Common on the coast sand-hills at Hornsea, Withernsea,

_ and Spurn.*

1855. Lepturus filiformis. 7Z7., 50.
(Sea Hard-grass).

Native, Eng., 2, 4, 6. Aug., I.
On the Humber Bank, Hessle (C.W.), 1896; Marfleet

near Hull, 1897 ; * and generally on the Humber shore.

Pp

218 FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1856. Nardus stricta. Z7n., 107.
(Common Wheat-grass).
Native, Brit., 6-7. July, Il.

Only in Derwent-land. Market Weighton sandfield
(J.J.M.);* Skipwith Common.*

1858. Hordeum secalinum. Schreb., 62.
(vel. H. pratense, 7uds., Meadow Barley-grass).

Native, Eng., 1, 2. Aug.
Near Dunswell, Hull ;* Hilderthorpe (Dr. Hull).

1859. H. murinum. Zzvn., 78.
(Wall Barley-grass).
Native, Eng., 1, 2. Aug., I.
Very common near the Hull and the Humber.

1860. H. marinum. /uds., 27.
(Seaside Barley).
Native, Eng., 2. Aug., I.
Fairly frequent in the same localities as H. murinum, but
very sparingly in numbers (C. W.*) ; near Hedon, 1gor (T.P.).

1861. Elymus arenarius. Z777., 36.
(Sea Lyme-grass).
Native, Scot., 1, 2. Aug., I.

Frequent on the coast sand-hills* ; Hornsea, Bridlington,*
Sand-le-mere, and Spurn.*

FILICES:

1866. Pteris aquilina. Zz., 112.
(Common Bracken).
Native, Brit., 1-7. August.
Common in occurrence, but except in some of the Der-

went-land woods not very plentiful in quantity; cultivation
seems more inimical to ferns than to many other plants.

en

:
:
.
:

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 219

1868. Lomaria Spicant. Desv., 111.
(Hard Fern).

Native, Brit., 2, 6, 7. August.

Chiefly in the Derwent districts. Houghton Woods, 1858
and 1899*; near Selby (W.N.C.) and Birkhill Wood, 1g00.*

1871. Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum. JZzvw., 107.
(Black Maiden-hair).

Native, Brit., 2. Summer. -

Very rare. Only recorded in one station, viz., walls of
Easington Church, by the late Canon Maddock, whose
specimens are in the herbarium (J.F.R.), 1899. Probably the
var. obtusum, A7zz. and J/7/de.

1874. A. Trichomanes. Zzn., 108.

Native, Brit., 2, 3. Summer.

Frequent on old walls. The Arches, Londesbro’ (G.N.).
Easington and Cottingham Churches.

1875. A. Ruta-muraria. Zzvu., 109.
(Wall-rue).

Native, Brit., 2, 4,°7. Summer.

Frequent, but sparing in quantity, on rocks and old walls,
especially of churches, as at Skefhiing (H.J.W.), Welwick
(Mr. T. Bunker, Goole, 1898), Patrington (Canon Maddock,
1895), and Wawne Churchyard, March 1902.* This plant
appears to be quite an ‘‘ecclesio-phile” judging by its fre-
quency on the old churches of Holderness. It has also been
gathered on St. Austin’s Stone, also, by the way, of ecclesi-
astical tradition, in Drewton Dale (G.N., 1850) by Mr. H.
Knight, 1897, and by the author, 1900.

1878. Athyrium Filix-foemina. Rofh., 110.
(The Lady Fern).

Native, Brit., 1-7. July, IV.

Woods, chiefly in the western divisions ; Houghton Moor ;
Cliff Common; wood near Speeton Beck (C.W.); Birkhill
Wocd near Cottingham.

to
to

oO FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1881. Ceterach officinarum. JI7//d., 68.
(Scale Fern).

Native, Ene., 2, 3. Summer.

Very rare, being only recorded in one or two stations :
an old wall in the village of Langton (M.B.S.).. Mr. T.
Audas of Hull once got a tuft on Beverley Bridge.

1882. Scolopendrium vulgare. Symons, 101.
(Hart’s-tonge).
Native, Brit., 1, 2, 7. July; IW
Not common, and apparently vanishing. Nursery planta-
tion near Swine (G.N., 1850), 1890.* Skeffling Church
(H.J.W.); Near Withernsea (Mr. W. C. England); Lane
near Cottingham (G.N.) and (E.A.P.).

1889. Polystichum lobatum. /Pres/., 104.
(Prickly Shield-fern).

Native, Brit., 1, 2. Aug., II.

Rare in the East Riding. Var. genuinum, Syme, between
Spring Head and Cottingham, and var. aculeatum, Syme,
in the same lane (G.N., 1880), where the author found one
specimen in 1899.* Only one other station is known for it,
namely, on the side of a little beck near Leckonfield, where

it was first shown to me in Sept., 1897, by Mr. H. M. Foster ;
the specimen was var. aculeatum. ;

1891. Lastrea Thelypteris. Pres/., 43.
(Marsh Buckler-fern).
Native, Eng., 1-7.

In bogs; very rare. Heslington fields by Silvanus
Thompson Senr. (W.W.); Pulfin Bog, 1897*, not yet found
with sorz in this station.

1892. L. Oreopteris. /Pves/., 102.

Native, Brit., 6, 7. July, IV.

Woods at Eskrick (B.); infrequent on Skipwith Common
(W.N.C.): Houghton Moor.*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 2

bo
=

1893. Lastrea Filix-mas. /Pres/., 112.
(Male-fern).
Native, Brit., 1-7 Joly av.

In all the districts, but, like most of the other ferns, not
at all abundant in the East Riding, except in some of the
woods, and chiefly west of the Wolds.

1896. L. cristata. /Pres/., 10.

Native, Eng.5"'5, 6, 72 August, IV.

Very rare. Only in one place, in Derwent-land—Kenny-
thorpe Moor (M.B.S.). Probably also in Cliff Wood (J.J.M.)
but I have not seen a specimen from the last place. A one
or species gathered by C.W. and the author in September,
1900, on Skipwith Common, comes very near this species, or
L. uliginosa.

1898. L. Spinulosa. Pres/., 83.

Native, Eng., 1, 2, 6, 7. August, I.

Frequent. Scots Bog Wood, Cottingham (G.N.), and in
Houghton Woods with the next species, 1888 (Y.N.U.),*
Birkhill Wood, 1901.*

1899. L. dilatata. Presi., 77.

Native, Brit., 1-7.
More frequent than the species immediately above, in

Houghton Woods* ; Houghton and Cottingham Commons
(G.N.); near Leckonfield, 1897,* and Swine, 1899.*

1901. Polypodium vulgare. Linn., 112.
(Common Polypody).

Native, Brit., 2, 6, 7. August, Il.

Not common, but occasionally on old hawthorn hedge-
rows. Haltemprice Lane and Swine (G. N.); Routh, 1888*;
near Market Weighton, 1899.*

to
ty
to

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

1g02. Phegopteris Dryopteris. /’e, 73.
(Oak-fern).
Native, Brit., 6, 7. July, IV.
Very rare. Only recorded from one locality, and that on
the chalk near Sledmere (Mr. T. Audas), 1897.

1906. Osmunda regalis. Ln., 89.
(Royal ‘‘ Flowering” Fern).
Native, Brit., 6, 7. June, IV.
Rare, in damp woods. In Langwith and Weldrake lanes,
Langwith Woods. Baines says ‘‘very frequent’; 1866,
(W.W.), Skipwith Common (W.N.C.), South Cliff (G.N.),
and (J.J.M., 1899).

1907. Ophioglossum vulgatum. Zvvn., 87.
(Adder’s-tongue).
Native, Brit., 1-7. July.
Common in pastures in all the districts, and very
abundant, though small in size, in clayey soils.

1909. Botrychium Lunaria. Sw., 103.
(Moonwort).

Native, Brit.,.1,>2,.3) 4; 6, (7: May, II.

Not infrequent on chalky or gravelly knolls in pastures.
Hornsea, where occurs Var. incisum, J/lde (R.T.) (see
‘* Journal of Botany,” Aug. 1898) ; Beverley (Y.N.U.); Risby
Park (E.A.P.), 1887; near Brough (Mr. T. H. Woodhead,
May, 1901; Y.N.U.), and in the same month near Burn
Park, Cottingham; and abundant on tumuli, Hall Ings,
June 21st, 1902.*

EOU LSE TAC EAs

ig1io. Equisetum maximum, Zuam., 83.
(Greater Horsetail. ‘‘ Dutch Rushes”’).
Native, Brit., 1, 2. May, II.
Frequent in wet places, on clay cliff slopes near Brid-

lington* ; Kelsey Hill, Holderness (Mr. R. H. Philip) ; and
Leys Wood, North Grimston (Y.N.U., 1902).*

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE.

22¢
1911. Equisetum arvense. Zénn.,*111.
(Common Horsetail).
Native, Brit., 1-7. May, II.

Common, particularly on sandy and cindery places near
railways.

1614. EK. palustre. Zznz., 106.
Native, Brit., 1-7.

July, I.
Very common in wet places.
i916. E. limosum. Sw., 107.
Native, Brit., 1-7. July, I.

Almost as frequent as the last, at least in Holderness
dykes.

EVCOPODIACE 4...

1922. Lycopodium inundatum. Zzwn., 57.

Native, Brit., 6 or 7 (?). Wats. Top. Bot.

1924. L. cClavatum. Zznn., 94.

Native, Brit., 2.

Cottingham Common.

MS. notes (G.N., 1850). Now
extinct, I fear. :

SELAGINELLACE:.
1926. Selaginella Selaginoides. Gray, 58.
Native, Brit., 6. August.

Rare. Near Beverley (O.B.G.); near Newbald Springs,
Sept., 1g00.*

i)
to
as

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE,

1927. Isoetes lacustris. Liun., 25.
Incognit.

Riccal Common (W.N.C.); now probably extinct, but
as the next species.has been re-discovered recently in abun-
dance, so also /soe¢es may be still present.

MARSILEACE As.

1930. Pilularia globulifera. Zznw., 59.

Native, Brit., 7. Late Summer.

Skipwith Common (W.N.C.); formerly in ponds now
cleared away. Discovered again in great abundance in other
ponds by Mr. H. J. Wilkinson, Oct., 1901. Specimens zx
herb., J.F.R.

CHARACE/.

1931. Chara fragilis. Desv., 84.

Native, Brit., 1-7. Spring and Summer.
’ / 5
Common in stagnant ponds and dykes.

1935. L. polyacantha. Araun., 13.

Native, Eng., 6. Spring and Summer.
Rare. Staddlethorpe, 1878 (H. R. Moiser).

1941. C. hispida. Zinn., 46.

Native, Eng., 6. ‘Spring and Summer.
Rare. Pond in old marl pit, Market Weighton, April,
1899. *

1942. C. vulgaris. Lnn., 76.

Native, Brit., 1-7. Spring and Summer.
Very common in the dykes of all the districts. Var.
papillata, Waldir. (H.F.P.). Other vars. not yet determined.

FLORA OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE, 22

1948. Tolypella glomerata. Leonh., 27.

Native, Eng. Spring and Summer.
> >

Abundant in a dyke near Haltemprice, Cottingham. *

1950. T. intricata. Zeonh., 12

Native, Eng.

In dykes near Dunswell, Cottingham (the author and
C.W. in 1901, fide Wats. Botanical Exch. Club Report).

1955. Nitella translucens.

Nat., Eng. Spring and Summer.

Pond on the Barlby side of Skipwith Common (C.W.),*
September, 1900.

1956. N. flexilis. Agaridh., 30.

Nat., Eng. Spring and Summer.

Not infrequent in Holderness dykes. Near Cottingham
Beck.*

APPENDIX.

BAST RIDING MOSSES. AND HEPAWICS

By J. J. MARSHALL.

O far as can be gathered, the first record of any East
Riding mosses occurs in Robert Teesdale’s list, pub-
lished in the Linnean Transactions for 1880. In

Scaum’s ‘‘ Beverlac” a few mosses are included in a list
of plants found in the neighbourhood of Beverley. Short
and imperfect lists have been published also by Henry
Baines, in his ‘‘ Yorkshire Flora,” 1840, and by the accom-
plished Dr. Spruce of Coneysthorpe, in 1845. In 1878
Dr. H. F. Parsons prepared a list from all known sources,
which was published in the Transactions of the Yorkshire
Naturalists’ Union. Whilst admittedly incomplete, the list
included 176 species. More recently Messrs. M. B. Slater,
F.L.S., of Malton, Mr. William Ingham of York, Mr. J. F.
Robinson of Hull, and myself have devoted some attention
to the moss flora of the riding, resulting in many additions
being made to previous lists. Many of these are new to
the riding, and a few are additional records for the county.
The district is not a very favourable one for the bryologist,
lacking those dreary moorlands, waste commons, and above
all the rocky beds of streams, so dear to the heart of the
moss-hunter. Nearly all the mosses of this district come to
perfection during the winter months—from October to March
—so that the botanical student can, if he feels so disposed,
continue his studies throughout the year.

Abbreviations : — W.1. =.W. Ingham; J.J.M.=J. J.
Marshall; R.S.=Dr. Robert Spruce: M.B.S. = Matthew
B.. Slater ;, HiF.P.=De.. H: F. Parsons: An asterisk
before a record indicates that it is new to the East Riding,
and two asterisks (**)=new to Yorkshire.

The following is a complete list to date of all the known
mosses and hepatics recorded in the riding :—

EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS. 227

ACROCARPI.
S Pua GN © Eis

Sphagnum acutifolium. 247. Sphagna acutifolia,
Schimp. WLangwith Moor (R.S.); Riccall Common
(HLF .P,).

Sphagnum fimbriatum, Wis. Var. robustum, Brazthw.
C. fr. (abundant) Skipwith Common (W.1.).

S. subnitens, Russ and Warnst. Var. flavo rubellum,
Warnst. Skipwith Common, C. /r. (W.I.).

Var. griseum, Warnst. Skipwith Common (W.I.).
Var. virescens, Warns¢. Skipwith Common (W.1.).

Sphagnum squarrosum, fers. Sphagna squarrosa,
Schimp. Langwith Moor (R.S.); Cliff Wood (H.F.P.).

Sphagnum cuspidatum, Z%ri. Sphagna cuspidata,
Schimp. Langwith Moor (R.S.); Riccall Common
(H.-P).

Var. faleatum, Russ. Barmby Moor; Riccall Common
(W.I.).

Var. Submersum, Schimp. Skipwith Common (W.1.).

S. molluscum, @ruch. Langwith and Barmby Moors
(R.S.); forma compacta, MWarnst. Skipwith
Common; Barmby Moor (W.1.).

Sphagnum compactum, DC. Sphagna rigida,
Schinip. , Taels

Var. subsquarrosum, Wurnst. Skipwith and Strensall
Commons ; Barmby Moor (W.1.).

Var. imbricatum, Warnst. Skipwith Common (W.I.).
Sphagnum contortum (Schultz), Zzmpr. S. subse-
cundum, Luzmpr. S. subsecunda, Schimp.

Riccall Common (H.F.P.); Skipwith Common (W.1.);
Skipwith Common (W.I.).

S. inundatum, Warnst. Skipwith Common (W.1.).

228 EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS,

Sphagnum rufescens, /Vurnst. Skipwith Common (W.1.).
S. crassicladum, /Varust. Skipwith Common (W.1.).

Sphagnum cymbifollum. Sphagna cymbifolia,
Schimp. Langwith Moor (R.S.); Riccall Common
(EEF P09.

Var. fusco-flavescens, Russ. Skipwith Common (W.1.).
Var. glaucescens, JVurnst. Skipwith Common (W.1.).
S. papillosum, Zindé., forma confertum. Var. sub-

leve, Limpr., forma gilaucescens, Skipwith
Common (W.1.).

**S,. rigidum. Var. compactum, @rid. Langwith
Moor (R.S.); Riccall and Breighton Commons (H.F.P.)

GEORGIACE.
Georgia pellucida (L.), Rabeuh. Kennythorpe Moor
(M.B.S.).
POLYARICHAC b. As:
Catharinea undulata (L.), MWeb Mohr. York (R.S.) ;

Cliff (H.F.P.); Market Weighton, Beverley, &c.
(j-J.M.).

Polytrichum subrotundum, Auds. Langwith Moor
(R.S.); Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

P. aloides, //edw. Langwith Moor (R.S.); Market
Weighton (J.J.M.).

P. urnigerum (L.). Near York (R.S.).
*P, gracile, Dicks. Near Holme-on-Spalding-Moor (J.J.M.).

P. attenuatum, J/ens. Woods East of York (R.S.). ;
Houghton Wood (J.J.M.).

EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS. 229
Polytrichum piliferum, Schred. Barmby, Langwith
and other Moors (R. Mle Holme (H.F.P.); Market
Weighton, &c. jaca
P. juniperinum, Id. Barmby, Langwith and other
Moors (R.S.); Holme (H.F.P.); Market Weighton
CPeyaM..);

*P. strictum, Banks. Allerthorpe Common (M.B.S. and
J.J.M.).

P. commune (L.).. Abundant on most moors.

FPISSIDENTACEA®.

*Fissidens exiguus, Sw//. Middlethorpe, Beverley West-
wood (J.J.M.). :

*F. viridulus (Swartz), Wah/. Goodmanham (J.J.M.)

F. incurvus, Starke. Near York (R.S.); Beverley West-
wood (J.J.M.).

“B tamarindifolius (Don). Swinemoor, Beverley (J.J.M.).
Fissidens bryoides (L.), Hedw. Abundant everywhere.

F. adiantoides (L.), Hedw. Banks of Ouse and Derwent
(R.S.); Drewton (H.F.P.); Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

F. taxifolius. (L.), Hedw. Howsham (M.B.S.); Welton
and North Driffield (H.F.P.).

LEUGOBRYACEZA:. .

Leucobryum glaucum (L.), Schimp. Langwith and
Barmby Moors (R.S.); Howsham (M.B.S.); Riccall
Common and Holme-on-Spalding-Moor (H.F.P.);
Houghton Wood (J.J.M.).

230 EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS.

DICRANACE AL.

Archidium alternifolium (Dicks.), Schimp. Langwith
Moor in ‘‘ fruit’ (R.S.).

Pleuridium subulatum (Huds.), Rad. Near York,
sandy situations (R.S.).

P. alternifolium (Kaulf), Rad. Langwith, &c., frequent
(R.S.); Market Weighton, Beverley, &c. (J.J.M.).

Ditrichum flexicaule (Schleich), Hampe. Brantingham
Dale and North Cave (H.F.P.); Market Weighton

(J.J.M.).

Dicranella heteromalla (L.), Schimp. Riccall (H.F.P.);
Market Weighton and Beverley (J.J.M.).

D. cerviculata (Hedw.), Schimp. Brough (H.F.P.);
Langwith Moor (R.S.); Houghton Wood, Swine-
moor, &c., Beverley (J.J.M.).

Anisothecium rubrum (Huds.), Zzndd. Kirkham
(M.B.S.); Market Weighton, Filey, &c. (J.J.M.).
*Var. tenuifolium. Market Weighton, Filey (J.J.M.).
*Var. callistomum. Londesborough, Goodmanham
(J.J. M),
A. rufescens (Dicks.), Z7vdb. Near York, stubbles (R.S.).

*A. crispum (Schreb.), Zindb. Side of Goodmanham
Beck (J.J.M.).

*Seligeria paucifolia (Dicks.), Carruth. Goodmanham
(J.J.M.) ; Danes Dyke, Flambro’ (W.I. and J.J.M.).

S. calearea (Dicks.), Br. Sch. Bishop Burton (R.T.,
1797); Bishop Burton, Goodmanham, Danes Dyke,
Etton, Beverley (J.J.M.).

The oldest record also has been recently confirmed.

EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS., 231

*Campylopus pyriformis (Schultz), Brid. Houghton
Wood, wood near Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

C. fragilis (Dicks.), Br. Sch. Riccall Common (H.F.P.) :
woods east of York (R.S.); Barmby Moor (J.J.M.).

C. flexuosus (L.), Brid. Houghton Wood (J.J.M.).

Dicranoweissia cirrata (L.), Zzndb. Thatch roofs near
Barlby and Lund (H.F.P.); Market Weighton and
Beverley (J.J.M.). '

Dicranum scoparium (L.), Hedw. Woods towards
Ouse and Derwent (R.S.); Riccall and Holme (H.F.P.);
Market Weighton, &c. (J.J.M.).

D. majus, Sw. Cliff Wood near Selby (H.F.P.).

D. Bonjeani, DeNot. Langwith and Barmby Moors
(R.S.); Cliff Wood and Skipwith (H.F.P.); Market
Weighton (J.J.M.).

D. spurium, Hedw. Houghton and Barmby Moors (R.T.).
Discovered by Teesdale at Barmby Moor about 1770.
Figured in Eng. Bot. from his specimens. Refound
by R.S., 5th Nov., 1842, and in fruit, July 1843.
Grows also on Langwith and Woodhouse Moors.
Barmby Moor, Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

“*D—D. undulatum. Zrhr. Very rare in Britain. Woods
between Market Weighton and Holme-on-Spalding
Moor (J.J.M., 1896). New to Yorkshire.

*D. fuscescens, Zurn. A very small form on trees,
Beverley Westwood (J.J.M.).

Ceratodon purpureus (L.), Br7d. Abundant everywhere ;
when barren, often confounded with other plants.

TORDMULACE 4.

Ephemerum serratum (Schreb), Hampe. Beverley
(R.T.); Market Weighton (J.J.M.). 2. wdnutissimum

is believed to occur, but requires confirmation.

232 EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS.

Phascum acaulon (L.). Brough (H.F.P.). Abundant
everywhere (J.J.M.).

*P, Floerkei,/Veb Mohr. Near Kiplingcotes (J.J.M. 1896).

P. curvicolle, Z’rh. Wolds between Beverley and
Market Weighton (R.T.); near Kiplingcotes (J.J.M.).

Pottia recta (With.), AZ¢¢. With the last (R.T.); near
Kiplingcotes, also Goodmanham (J.J. M.).

*P, bryoides (Dicks.), M/#/. Market Weighton, Londesbro
(J.J.M.).

P. truncatula (L.), Zévdb. Market Weighton, Sancton,
Beverley, &c. (J.J.M.).

P. Hiemii (Hedw.), Fuern. Brough (H.F.P.); usually
found on the sea-coast.

P. intermedia (Turn.), Auvern. In gardens near York
(R.S.).

P. lanceolata (Hedw.), C.4/. Welham (M.B.S.); Welton
(H.F.P.); Market Weighton, Kiplingcotes, Etton

P. Starkei (Hedw.), C. Muel/. Kirkham (M.B.S.); near
York (R.S ).

Var. Davallii (Lin.), Zévdb. Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

Tortula pusilla (Hedw.), J/t¢. Westow (R.S.); Ellerker
(H.F.P.); Newbald, Sancton, Market Weighton
(ee).

**T pbrevirostris, Hoop Grev. Very rare. Gravel Pit
near Kiplingcotes (J.J.M.). New to Yorkshire, the
habitat since destroyed by removal of gravel. Mr.
Ingham has, however, recently discovered it near
Tadcaster. It cannot be found at its two previous
British stations — Edinburgh and Ashwood Dale,
Buxton.

*“T. stellata (Schreb.), Zindb. With the last (J.J.M.).

>}

EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS. 23

m

a

Tortula ericcefolia (Neck), Zindo. Mud-capped walls,
Westow (R.S.); near Kirkham (M.B.S.); Ellerker
(H.F.P.).

T. aloides (Koch.), De Not. Westow (R.S.); Kiplingcotes
(J.J.M.).

T. muralis (L.), Hedw. Grows everywhere on walls.

T. subulata (L.), Hedw. Abundant on sandy soils.

- *T. angustata, Wis. Closely allied to the last, but prefers

the cold wet clays on the north and east coast, within
a few miles of the sea. Swinemoor, Beverley (J.J.M.)

T. mutica (Schultz.), Zindb. Trees by River Derwent,

Kirkham (M.B.S.); also near Pulfin, River Hull

T. papillosa, W7/s. On tree trunks, York Dale (M.B.S.);
Market Weighton, Withernsea (J.J.M.). Only found
in fruit at the Antipodes, Australia, and New Zealand.

T. levipila (Brid.), Schweg. Frequent on trees on the

East Riding, but only in small quantity, York Dale
(M.B.S.); Drewton and Brough (H.F.P.); Market
Weighton (J.J.M.).

*T. montana (Nees.), Zindb. Market Weighton, Drewton
Dale (J.J.M.). |

T. ruralis (L.), Zrhr. Heslerton (M.B.S.); Brough
(H.F.P.); Market Weighton (is TBs).

“Var. arenicola (Braith.). Spurn, on the sand hills
(J.F.R); ditto C. frict (J.J.M).

Mollia, Schrank. Mollia crispa, Hedw. Lindb. F igham,
near Beverley (R.T.) ; Goodmanham (J.J.M.).

M. microstoma (Hedw.), Zindb. Norton (M.B.S) ; Lang-
with Moor (R.S.); Market Weighton, Beverley, &c.

(J.J.M.).
M. viridula (L.), Zindo. Eddlethorpe (M.B.S.) ; Welton
iF

(H.F.P.) ; Market Weighton, &c. (J.J.M.
Q

234 EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS.

*Mollia verticillata (L.), Zéudb. Side of Goodmanham
Beck (J.J.M.).

*M. crispula (Bruch.), Zindb. Danes Dyke (W.1.).
Barbula rubella (Hoffm.), J/:¢¢. Abundant everywhere.

B. lurida (Hornsch), Zindb. Blacktoft (H.F.P.); Market
Weighton (J.J.M.).

B. brevifolia (Dicks.), Zéndb. Filey (J.J.M.), (W.I.) ;
Goodmanham (J.J.M.).

B. fallax, Hedw. Brough (H.F.P.); Market Weighton,
Beverley (J.J.M.).

B. rigidula (Hedw.), A/t/. Broomfleet (H.F.P.).

B. Hornschuchii, Schultz. Brough (J.F.R.); Market
Weighton (J.J.M.).

B. convoluta, Hedw. Brough (H,F.P.); Market Weighton,
in fine fruit (J.J.M.).

B. unguiculata (Huds.), Hedw. Common everywhere.

Leersia extinctoria (L.), Zeyss. North Cave (H.F.P.);
Burdale (M.B.S.); Arras (J.J.M.).

*L. contorta (Wulf), Zzzdb. Goodmanham (J.J.M.). This
common North and West Riding plant is extremely
scarce in the East Riding.

GRIMMIACE.

Grimmia apocarpa (L.), Yedw. Wall near Whitewale
(M.B.S.); Drewton and Brough (H.F.P.); Market
Weighton, Sancton, &c. (J.J.M.).

G. pulvinata (L.), Sm. Ellerker (H.F.P.); Market Weigh-
ton (J.J.M.).

Zygodon viridissimus (Dicks), Br. Sledmere (M.B.S.);
Brough and Holme (H.F.P.); Market Weighton,
Welton Dale, Filey, &c. (J.J.M.).

EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS. 235

Orthotrichum affine, Schrad. Brough (H.F.P. ); Good-
manham (J.J.M.). On trees everywhere.

O. striatum (L.), Hedw. Near York (R.S.).

O. Lyellii (Hook), Zay/. Trees near Sledmere (M.B.S.),
and near Londesbro’ (J.J.M.).

O. diaphanum, Schrud. On trees everywhere.

O. cupulatum, Hofim. Walls towards Elvington (R.S. We
Stones of lock, Market Weighton Canal (j. j-M:

O. anomalum, Hedw. Walls towards Elvington (R.S.);
Goodmanham (J.J.M.).

O. tenellum, Bruch. On trees near York, scarce (R.S.).

*O. pulchellum, Brunton. Birdsall (M.B.S.); Danes
Dyke (Ingham and Marshall).

Weissia Bruchii (Hornsch.), Zindb. Trees near Sledmere
(M.B.S.). Ditto, Houghton Wood (J.J.M.).

‘W. ulophylla, Zhrh. Woods by Ouse and Derwent (R.S.)s
Var. Pintermedia, Schimp. Cliff Wood, Selby (HL B.P’).

‘W. phyllantha (Brid.), Zivdd. Near York, Market
Weighton, Filey, and Danes Dyke (J.J.M.).

SPLACHNACEA.

Tetraplodon angustatus (Swartz.), Br. Sch. Bog near
Cottingham (R.T.). The only East Riding record for
over 100 ae

FUNARIACEA.

“Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.), Br. Sch. Near
Norton (M.B.S.); Market Weighton, Swinemoor,

Beverley (J.J.M.).

236 EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS.

“

Physcomitrium pyriforme (L.),. rid. Brantingham
(H.F.P.); Market Weighton, Swinemoor, Beverley

Funaria obtusa (Dicks.), Zévdb. Langwith Moor (R.S.).
F. fascicularis (Dicks.), Schimp. Langwith Moor (R.S.).

F. hygrometrica (L.), S/d¢r. Abundant everywhere.

BRYACE AY.
*Leptobryum pyriforme (L.), Wis. On the site of old
Brick Yard, Market Weighton, since ploughed up and
station destroyed (J.J.M.).

Pohlia nutans (Schreb.), Zzzdb. Common on sandy and
turfy heaths.

P. carnea (L.), Zizdb. Holme and Welton (H.F.P.).
Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

P. annotina (L.), Zzvdb. Sand Hall, near Howden, and
Holme (H.F.P.) ; Langwith Moor in fruit (R.S.).

_ P. albicans (Wahlen), Zindb. Common in ditches, generally
barren.

Bryum inclinatum (Sw.), Bland. Walls near River Der-
went (R.S.); Market Weighton (J.J.M.). Abundant.

B. pendulum (Hornsch), Schzmp. Walls near York, rare
(R.S.); Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

B. cernuum (Sw.), Zindb. Heslington fields (R.S.) ;
Springwells, Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

*B. intermedium, 2rd. Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

B. bimum, Schreb.. Heslington fields (R.S.); Market
Weighton (J.J.M.).

B. cespiticium (L.).

B. argenteum (L.). Common everywhere.

EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS. 237

Bryum bicolor, Dicks. Langwith Moor (R.S.); Londes-
bro’ (J.J.M.); Goodmanham (J.J.M.). An extremely
dwarf form. anee

B. erythrocarpon, Schweg. Barmby and Woodhouse
Moors (R.S.); Market Weighton Common (J.J.M.).

*B. murale, JV7/s. In fine fruit, Goodmanham (J.J.M.),
1896.

B. pallens, Swurfs. Langwith Moor and Heslington
(R.S.); Market Weighton; in ‘‘ fruit,” Filey (J.J.M.).

B. turbinatum (Hedw.), Schweg. Newbald Springs
Gian Re).

B. ventricosum, Dicks. . Market Weighton (J.J.M.);
Filey (W.I. and J.J.M.); Swinemoor, Beverley

(J.J.M.).
B. capillare (L.).. Abundant everywhere.

BARTRAMIACE.

Philonotis fontana (L.), Brid. (M.B.S.).

P. calearea, Schimp. Newbald Springs (H.F.P., and Mr.
T. Dennis).

Breutelia, Schimp. B. chrysocoma (Dicks.), Zzndb.
Houghton Moor (Withering), Langwith Moor (R.S.),

MNIACE.

Gymnocybe palustris (L.), Frecs. Langwith Moor
(R.S.);. Riccall Common, in ‘‘fruit” (H.F.P.);
Houghton Moor (J.J.M.).

Orthopyxis androgyna (L.), P. Beauv. Langwith
Moor (R.S.); Lund (H.F.P.), Market Weighton
' Common (J.J.M.).

238 EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS.

Mnium hornum (L.). In all heathy woods.
M. rostratum, Schrud. Woods (R.S.); Holme (H.F.P.).

M. undulatum (L.). Hedgerows sterile (R.S.); Brough
(H.F.P.) ; in fine ‘‘ fruit,” Goodmanham (J.J.M.).

M. punctatum (L.). Bog near Heslington (R.S.); Cliff
(H.F.P.); Houghton Wood (J.J.M.).

PLEUROCARPI.

HYPNACE AS.

Thuidium tamariscifolium (Neck.), Zzvdb. North
Driffield (H.F.P.); Houghton Wood, in ‘‘fruit”

(J.J.M.).

*T, recognitum (Hedw.), Zindb. Market Weighton
(J.J.M.).

Leskea polycarpa, Zhrh. Near Laysike (M.B.S.);
Riccall (H.F.P.).

Var. B paludosa (Hedw.), Schimp. Beverley (R.T.).
a very old record; The Pulfin, banks of River Hull

(J.J.M.).

*Anomodon viticulosus (L.), Hook Zay/. Springwells,
Goodmanham (J.J.M.).

Amblystegium filicinum (L.), DeNot. Kennythorpe
Moor (M.B.S.); Welton (H.F.P.) ; Goodmanham, in
<< fruit 7 if.) NL):

A. irriguum (Wils.), Schimp. Kirkham Locks (R.S.) ;
Welham (M.B.S.).

A. varium (Hedw.), Zzndo.

A. serpens (L.), Br. Sch. Eddlethorpe (M.B.S.); Drewton
(H.F-P2).

eee eC

EAST RIDING MCSSES AND HEPATICS.

ty
G2
Ne)

*Amblystegium Juratzke, Schimp.

A. riparium (L.), Br. Sch. Heslington fields (R.S.) ;
Brantingham (H.F.P.) ; Market Weighton and Pock-
lington (J.J.M.).

*A. Kochii (Br. Sch.), Zindb. Rare, Driffield (W.1.),
both the large typical form and a small one.

*A. elodes (Spruce), Zindb. Barmby Moor and Market
Weighton (J.J.M.).

A.-chrysophyllum (Brid.), DeNot. Kirkham (R.S.) ;
Kiplingcotes (M.B.S. and J.J.M.).

A. stellatum (Schreb.), Zindb. Bog in Heslington fields
(R.S.); Brough (H.F.P.) ; rare in ‘ fruit,” at Market
Weighton (J.J.M.).

A. polygamum, &r. Sch. Bog in Heslington fields (R.S.).

A. glaucum (Lam.), Zindb. Drewton (H.F.P.).

A. Sendtneri (Schp.), DeNot. Newbald and Skipwith
(H.F.P.); Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

A. revolvens (Sw.), DeNoz.
Var. Cossoni, Rex. Driffield (W.I.).

A. fluitans (L.), DeNot. Skipwith (H.F.P.); Market
Weighton (J.J.M.).

Var. y. Jeanbernati, Renauld. Skipwith (W.1.).
A. scorpioides (L.), Zzzdb. Riccall Common (H.F.P.).

A. palustre (Huds.), Zzzdb. Laysike (M.B.S.); Market
Weighton, Beverley (J.J.M.).

A. giganteum (Schimp.), DeNot. Skipwith (W.1.).

A. cordifolium (Hedw.), DeNot. Bog in Heslington
fields (R.S.) ; Beverley (R.T.).

A. stramineum (Dicks.), DeNot. Riccall Common
(H.F.P.).

240 EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS.

Hypnum purum (L.). In ‘‘fruit,” Sledmere (M.B.S.) ;
Welton (H.F.P.) ; ditto, Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

H. cespitosum, W7/s. York, on tree trunks by River
Ouse (R.S.). .

H. striatum, Schreb. Hedgebanks (R.S.); Riccall and
Welton (H.F.P.); Londesborough (J.J.M.), in
“ fouit,””

*H. pallidirostre, A. Braun. Beverley Westwood
(J.J.M.).

H. prelongum (L.). Kirkham, Langwith (R.S.); Welton
and Riccall (H.F.P.); Market Weighton, in ‘‘ fruit”
(J.J.M.).

H. Swartzii, Zurn. Holme and Brough (H.F.P.); Market
Weighton (J.J.M.).

H. crassinerve, Za. Lowthorpe (M.B.S.).

H. Teesdalei, Sth. Beverley (R.T.), an old record,
requiring confirmation.

*H. Algirianum, Zrid. Goodmanham Wold (J.J.M.).

H. piliferum, Schreb. Firby Wood (R.S.); Brantingham
(H.F.P.); Oven Wood, Goodmanham.

H. rusciforme, Weck, Abundant on stones in streams.

H. murale, Neck. Risby (R.S.); Burythorpe (M.B.S.) ;
Welton (H.F.P.); Goodmanham and_ Londesbro’
(i. JM:).

H. confertum (Dicks.), Br. Sch.

se

. velutinum (L.). Everywhere.

H. viride, Zamk. Kirkham (R.S.).

EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS., 241

Hypnum rutabulum (L.). Very common.
*Var. B longisetum, rid. Near Langton (M.B.S.).

**Var. 6 plumulosum, Schzmp. Wood near Market
Weighton, rare.

H. albicans, Neck. York and Grimston (R.S.); Holme
(H.F.P.) ; Goodmanham, in ‘‘ fruit” (J.J.M.).

H. glareosum, Bruch. Near York, frequent (R.S.).

H. lutescens, Huds. Kirkham (R.S.); Welton (H.F-.P.);
Market Weighton, Brantingham (J.J.M.).

H. sericeum (L.). Sledmere (M.B.S.); Barlby (H.F.P.);
Londesbro’ Park, in ‘‘ fruit’ (J.J.M.).

Isothecium myosuroides (L.), Brid. Firby Wood
(R.S.); Riccall (H.F.P.).

I. viviparum (Neck.), Zindb. Cliff Wood (H.F.P.);
Beverley Westwood (J.J.M.).

Helicodontium pulvinatum (Wahlen.), Zzndb. East
banks of Ouse, near York (R.S.).

Hylocomium proliferum (L.), Zzvds. Heaths east of
York (R.S.); in ‘‘ fruit” at Holme (H.F.P.).

H. parietinum (L.), Zzzd@. Langwith Moor (R.S.); Holme,
in ‘‘fruit” (H.F.P.). Ditto, Market Weighton

(J.J.M.).

H. squarrosum, Zz. Welton and Holme (H.F.P.);
Market Weighton, in ‘‘fruit” (J.J.M.-).

H. triquetrum, Zinn. Woods near York (R.S.) ; Holme,
in “frat” (fie),

Campylium hispidulum (Brid.), Iz.
Var. Sommerfeltii, 1/r. Kirkham Woods and Abbey
(M.B.S.) and (R’S.).

Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.), Wiz. Woods near the
Derwent (R.S.); Welton (H.F.P.). Frequent on the
Wolds (J.J.M.).

242 EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS.

Stereodon imponens (Hedw.), Brid. Skipwith Common
(H.F.P.); wood near Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

S. cupressiformis (L.), 2rd. Abundant everywhere.
Var. PB ericetorum. Wood near Market Weighton, in

“feat” (JJ. M.):

S. resupinatus, WV7/s. (Kelfield (H.F.P.); Londesbro’
Park, in ‘‘fruit” (J.J.M.).

Hypnum cordifolium, /edw. Bog in Heslington Fields
(R.S.); Beverley (R.T.) and (M.B.S.).

H. cuspidatum, Zz7. In marshes, a very handsome
plant when fruiting abundantly.

H. scorpioides, Zinn. Riccall Common (H.F.P.).

*Cylindrothecium concinnum, Ve wo/. Langton Wold
(M.B.S.); Market Weighton (J.J.M.).

Cryphea heteromalla, Hedw. Sledmere and Flam-
borough (M.B.S.); Brantingham and MarketWeighton
(HEP);

Leucodon sciuroides, Zz. Howsham (M.B.S.); How-
den (H.F.P.); Londesborough Park (J.J.M.).

Neckera crispa, Zinn. Woodale, South Cave (H.F.P.).

N.complanata, Zzvn. Woods near York (R.S.); Londes-
borough Park, in ‘‘ fruit” (J.J.M.).

Homalia trichomanoides, Schreb. Woods by Derwent
(R.S.) ; Cliff Wood (H.F.P.).

Climacium dendroides (W. and M.). Bog near Hes-
lington (R.S.); Skipwith (H.F.P.); Goodmanham, in
‘*fruit.” The Pulfin, River Hull (J.J.M.).

Pylaisia polyantha, Scired. Near York (R.S.); Spring-
wells, Goodmanham, abundant on willows and
hawthorn (J.J.M.).

|
7

EAST RIDING MOSSES AND HEPATICS. 243

Plagiothecium denticulatum, Zinv. Langwith, &c.
(R.S.); Lund (H.F.P.); Houghton Wood, &c.(J.J.M.).

P. Borrerianum, Spruce. Cliff Wood (H.F.P.).

P. sylvaticum, Zinn. Sledmere (M.B.S.); Beverley
Westwood (J.J.M.).

P. undulatum., Zinn. Cliff Wood and Holme (H.F.P.);
Elvington (R.S.); Houghton Wood, in ‘‘fruit” (J.J.M.).

Rhynchostegium depressum.

INDEX TOSTHE BOTANICAL -NAMES

(Natural Orders and Genera—AMosses omitted ).

Acer, 86
Achillea, 126
Aconitum, 62
Acorus, I9gt
Actza, 62
Adonis, 58
Adoxa, 118
JEgopodium, 113
LE sculus, 86
Ethusa, 115
Agrimonia, 100
Agropyrum, 217
Agrostis, 207
Aira, 208

Ajuga, 164
Alchemilla, too
Alisma, 192
ALISMACE.E, 192
Allium, 186
Alnus, 175
Alopecurus, 206
Alyssum, 66
AMARANTHACE.®, 165
Amaranthus, 165
AMARYLLIDE®, 184
Ammophila, 208
Anagallis, 142
Anchusa, 146
Anemone, 57
Angelica, 115
Antennaria, 124
Anthemis, 126
Anthoxanthum, 206
Anthriscus, 114
Anthyllis, 90
Antirvhinum, 152
Apera, 208
Apium, 111
APOCYNACE®, 144
Aquilegia, 61
Arabis, 66
ARALIACE#, I17
Arctium, 130

| Arenaria, 77

Armeria, 140
AROIDE, IQI
Arrhenatherum, 210

| Artemisia, 128

Arum, I91

A sperugo, 146
Asperula, 120
Asplenium, 219
Aster, 124
Astragalus, 91
Athyrium, 219
Atriplex, 167
Atropa, 150
Avena, 209

Ballota, 163
Barbarea, 65
Bartsia, 155
Bellis, 123

_ BERBERIDE2, 62

Berberis, 62
Beta, 167
Betula, 175
Bidens, 125
Blackstonia, 144
BoRAGINE, 146
Borago, 146
Botrychium, 222
Brachypodium, 216
Brassica, 69

Briza, 211

Bromus, 214
Bryonia, 110
Buda, 79
Bupleurum, 111
Bursa, 70
Butomus, 193

Cakile, 71
Calamagrostis, 208
Calamintha, 159
Callitriche, 107

244

Calluna, 139 ©
Caltha, 61

Camelina, 68
CAMPANULACE, 138
Campanula, 138
CAPRIFOLIACEZ, 118
Cardamine, 66
Carduus, 131

Carex, 199

Carlina, 130
Carpinus, 175

| Carum, 112

CARYOPHYLLE&, 74

| Castalia, 62

Castanea, 176
Catabrosa, 211
Caucalis, 116
CELASTRINEZ&, 85

| Centaurea, 133

, Centranthus, 121
, Centunculus, 143

Cerastium, 75
CERATOPHYLLE&, 179
Ceratophyllum, 179
Ceterach, 220
Cherophyllum, 114
Chara, 224
CHARACE®, 224
Cheiranthus, 65
Chelidonium, 94

| CHENOPODIACE&, 165
| Chenopodium, 165

Chrysanthemum, 127

| Chrysosplenium, 104

Cichorium, 133
Cicuta, 112
Circza, 10g
CISTINER, 72
Claytonia, 79
Clematis, 57
Cnicus, 131
Cochlearia, 67
Colchicum, 187

CoMposIT#, 123
CoNnIFERe, 179
Conium, 110
Conopodium, 113
Convallaria, 185
CONVOLVULACE®, 149
Convolvulus, 149
Coriandrum, 116
Corispermum, 168
CORNACE®, I17
Cornus, 117
Coronopus, 70
Corylus, 176
Crambe, 71
CRASSULACE®, 105
Cratzgus, 103
Crepis, 134

Crocus, 184
CucURBITACE, IIO
Cuscuta, 149
Cynoglossum, 146
Cynosurus, 210
CyYPERACE#, 196
Cytisus, 87

Dactylis, 211
Damasonium, 193
Daphne, 171
Datura, 151
Daucus, 116
Delphinium. 61
Deschampsia, 209
Digitalis, 153
DioscorE®, 185
Diplotaxis, 69
DIPSACEX®, 122
Dipsacus, 122
Doronicum, 129
Drosera, 106
DROSERACE2, 1006

Echium, 148
Echinospermum, 148
EL®AGNACER, 172
Eleocharis, 196
Elisma, 192
Elodea, 179
Elymus, 218
Epilobium, 108
Epipactis, 181
EQUISETACE®, 222
Equisetum, 222
Eranthis, 61

Erica, 139
ERICACE#, 139
Erigeron, 124

INDEX.

Eriophorum, 198
Erodium, 84
Erophila, 67
Eryngium, 110
Erysimum, 68
Erythrza, 144
Euonymus, 85
Eupatorium, 123
Euphorbia, 172
EUPHORBIACE, 172
Euphrasia, 155

Fagopyrum, 170
Fagus, 176
Festuca, 212
Filago, 124
FILICES, 218
Foeeniculum, 114
Fragaria, 98
Fraxinus, 143
Fritillavia, 187
Fumaria, 64
FUMARIACE.E, 64

Gagea, 187
Galanthus, 185
Galeopsis, 162
Galium, 119
Genista, 86
GENTIANE®, 144
Gentiana, 145
GERANIACE, 83
Geranium, 83
Geum, 98
Glaucium, 63
Glaux, 142
Glyceria, 212
Gnaphalium, 124
Goodyera, 181
GRAMINEE, 205

| Hydrocotyle, 110

Hyoscyamus, I51
HyYPERICINE®, 79
Hypericum, 79

Hypocheeris, 135

| Hypopitys, 140

Tlex, 85 ‘
ILLECEBRACE.®, 165
Impatiens, 85

| Inula, 125

Iris, 184
Isoetes, 224

Jasione, 138
JuNcAcE#, 188

| Juncus, 188
| Koeleria, 210
| LaBIATE, 158

| Lactuca, 136
| Lamium, 161

Lapsana, 134

| Lastrzea, 220

Lathrzea, 157
Lathyrus, 93
LEGUMINOS2, 86
Lemna, 191

| LEMNACE2, Ig1
| LENTIBULARIE, 157

Leontodon, 136

| Leonurus, 162
| Lepidium, 70
| Lepturus, 217

Ligustrum, 143
LILIACE#, 185
Limnanthemum, 145
Limosella, 153

| Linaria, 151

| LINE&, 82

Habenaria, 183
Hedera, 117
Helianthemum, 72
Helleborus, 61
Hemizonia, 138
Heracleum, 116
Hieracium, 135
Hippophae, 172
Hippuris, 107
Holcus, 209
Hordeum, 217
Hottonia, 141
Humulus, 174 |
HyDROCHARIDACE& 179
Hydrocharis, 180

Linum, 82

Listera, 180
Lithospermum, 148
Litorella, 165
Lolium, 216
Lomaria, 218
Lonicera, 118
LORANTHACE#, 172

| Lotus, 90
| Luzula, 189

Lychnis, 75
Lycium, 150
LYCOPODIACE®, 223
Lycopodium, 223
Lycopsis, 147

246

Lycopus, 159
Lysimachia, 141
LYTHRARIE, 108
Lythrum, 108

Malva, 81
MALVACE, 81
Mariana, 132
Marrubium, 161
MARSILEACE®, 213
Matricaria, 127
Mathiola, 64
Meconopsis, 63
Medicago, 88
Melampyrum, 156
Melica, 211
Melilotus, 88
Mentha, 158
Menyanthes, 145
Mercurialis, 173
Milium, 206
Mimulus, 152
Molinia, 211
Montia, 79
MossEs (Musci), 225
Myosotis, 147
Myrica, 175
MyRIcCacE®, 175
Myriophyllum, 107
Myrrhis, 114

NAIADACEE, 193
Narcissus, 184
Nardus, 217
Narthecium, 187
Nasturtium, 65
Neckeria, 64
Neottia, 180
Nepeta, 160
Nitella, 224
NyYMPHACEX, 62
Nymphea, 62

(Enanthe, 114
(Enothera, 109
OLEACE®, 143
ONAGRARIE®, 108
Onobrychis, gI
Ononis, 87
Onopordon, 132
Ophioglossum, 222
Opbhrys, 183
Orchis, 181
Origanum, 159
Ornithogalum, 187
Ornithopus, 91

INDEX,

OROBANCHACE®, 156
Orobanche, 156
Osmunda, 222
Oxalis, 85

Panicum, 205
Papaver, 62
PAPAVERACE®, 62
Parietaria, 174

| Paris, 188

Parnassia, 105
Parthenium, 127
Pedicularis, 155
Peplis, 108
Petasites, 129
Peucedanum, 116
Phalaris, 205
Phegopteris, 221

| Phleum, 207
| Phragmites, 210

Physalis, 150

| Picris, 134

Pilularia, 223
Pimpinella, 113

| Pinguicula, 157

Pinus, 179
PLANTAGINE®, 164
Plantago, 164
PLUMBAGINEE, 140
Poa, 211
POLEMONIACE&, 146
Polemonium, 146
Polycarpon, 79

| POLYGALEA, 73

Polygala, 73
Polygonatum, 185
POLYGONACE/, 168
Polygonum, 168
Polypodium, 221
Polypogon, 207
Polystichum, 220
Populus, 178
PORTULACE 4, 79
Potamogeton, 193
Potentilla 99
Poterium, 100

| Primula, 141
| PRIMULACE, I41

Prunella, 161
Prunus, 94
Pteris, 218
Pulicaria, 125

| Pyrola, 140

Pyrus, 102

Quercus, 196

Radiola, 82
RANUNCULACE, 57
Ranunculus, 58
Raphanus, 71
Reseda, 71
RESEDACE#, 71
RHAMNEX®, 86
Rhamnus, 86
Rhagadiolus, 137
Rhinanthus, 155
Ribes, 105

| Ricinus, 173

Rosa, 101
ROsAcE#, 94
RUBIACE, 119
Rubus, 95
Rumex, 170
Ruppia, 196
Ruscus, 185

Sagina, 78

| Saggittaria, 192

SALICINE, 176
Salicornia, 168
Salix, 176
Salsola, 168
Salvia, 160
Sambucus, 118
Samolus, 143
Sanicula, 110
SAPINDACE.E, 86
Saponaria, 74
SAXIFRAGE.E, 104
Saxifraga, 104
Scabiosa, 122

| Scandix, 114

Scheenus, 199
Scilla, 186
Scirpus, 197

| Scleranthus, 165

Scolopendrium, 220

| Scrophularia, 152

SCROPHULARINE, I51
Scutellaria, 160
Sedum, 105
Selaginella, 223
SELAGINELLACE, 223
Sempervivum, 106
Senecio, 129
Serratula, 132
Setaria, 205
Sherardia, 121

Silaus, 115

Silene, 74

Sison, 112
Sisymbrium, 67

Sium, 112
Smyrnium, 111
SOLANACEZE, 150
Solanum, 150
Solidago, 123
Sonchus, 137
Sparganium, 190
Specularia, 139
Spergula, 78
Spirzea, 95
Stachys, 161
Statice, 140
Stellaria, 76
Stratiotes, 180
Suzeda, 168
Symphytum, 146

Tamus, 185
Tanacetum, 128
Taraxacum, 136
Taxus, 179
Teesdalia, 71
Teucrium, 164

INDEX.

Thalictrum, 57
Thlaspi, 70
THYMELMACEX, 171

, Thymus, 159

| Tilia, 82

| TILIACE, 82
| Tolypella, 22

Tragopogon, 137
Trifolium, 89
Triglochin, 193
Trigonella, 87
Trisetum, 209
Tussilago, 128
Typha, 190
TYPHACE, 190

| Ulex, 87
| Ulmus, 173

UMBELLIFER.E, IIO
Urtica, 174
URTICACE, 173
Utricularia, 157

Vaccinium, 139
Valeriana, 121
VALERIANE, I21
Valerianella, 121
Verbascum, 151
Verbena, 158
VERBENACE®, 158
Veronica, 153
Viburnum, 118

| Vicia, 92

Villanova, 130
Vinca, 144
Viola, 72
VIOLARIE®, 72
Viscum, 172
Volvulus, 149

Xanthium, 125

Zannichellia, 196
Zostera, 196

bo

NI

GENERAL INDEX,

INCLUDING

Abbreviations, List of, 55
Aconite, Winter, 61
Acreage cultivated, 27
Agricultural Returns, 27
Agriculture, 20, 24, 26
Agrimony, 100

2 Hemp, 123
‘* Airiff,’’ 120
Alder (‘‘ Eller"’), 175
Alexanders, I11
Alge, 21, 24
Aliens, plant, 47, 48
Alluvium, 21, 26
Anemone, Wood, 57
Angelica, 115
Apple, Crab, 103
Arenophiles, 39
“ Arnut,”’ 113
Arrow-grass, 193
Arrow-head, 192
Arum, Spotted, 191
Ash (‘‘ Esh”), 143
Ash, Mountain, 103
Asphodel, Bog, 187
Associations, Plant, 35
Atwick, 19
Autumn Crocus, 187

‘‘Bad-man’s Oatmeal,”
II4

Baker, Mr. J. G., 9, 13

Baines’ Flora of Yks., 13

Baneberry, 62

Barberry, 62

“ Barffs,’’ 19

Barley, Wild, 218

Bartsia, 155

Basil Thyme, 159

Bastard Pimpernel, 143

Beam-tree, 102

Bear’s-foot, 61

Becks (brooks), 22, 26

Bed-straws, The, 119

THE COMMON
PLANT NAMES.

Beech, 176
Bee Orchis, 183

' Beet, Wild, 167

Bell-heather, 139
Bell-flowers, The, 138
Best, Henry, 24, 25
Betony, Water, 152

ws Wood, 160
Betula nana, 20

‘‘ Beverlac,’’ Scaum’s,13)

Beverley, Oliver's
History, 13
Bibliographical, ro
Bilberry, 139
Bindweeds, The, 4°
Birch, 17
Bird etage: gI
Bird's-eye, 154
Bishop-Burton, 12
Bistort, 170
Bittersweet, 95, 150
Black Bryony, 185
Black-thorn, 94
Bladder Campion, 157
Bladder-wort, 157
Blinks, Water, 79
Blockhouse, Hull, rr
Blue-bell, 185
Blue-bottle, Corn, 133
Board of Agriculture,
Returns of, 27
Bog Myrtle, 175
», Pimpernel, 143
Borage, 146
‘‘Bore-tree,”’ ‘‘ Bothery-
three,” 118
Botanic Gardens, Hull,
12 LS
Boult, Mr. J. W., 17
Bracken, 218
Brambles, The, 16, 95
‘* Brassics,” 69
Briar, Sweet, ror
248

AND LOCAL

| ‘‘ Britannia,’ Camden's,

12
Brook-lime, 155
Brook-weed, 143
Broom, 87
Broomrapes, The, 156
Bryony Vine, 110
a Black, 185
Buck-bean, 145
Buckler Ferns, The, 219
Buck-thistle, 86
,, -thorn, 86
,, -thorn, Sea, 172
», -wheat, 170
Bugle, 164
Bugloss, 147
Bugloss, Viper's, 148
Bullace, 94
Bullrush, 190
‘‘Bulls and Cows,”’ 191
Burdock, 150
Bur-marigold, 135
Burnet, Greater, ror
+ Salad, roo
' Rose, ror
is Saxifrage, 113
Bur Parsley, 116
Butcher's Broom, 185
Buttercups, The, 60
Butterfly Orchis, 183
Butterwort, 157 .

Calamint, 160

Camden's ‘ Britannia,”
12

Campions, The, 74

Canadian Pondweed,179

Caraway, II, 12, 112

Carex divisa, 11 °

Carrot, 116

‘‘Carrs,’’ 20

Castle Howard, 11

Castor-oil, 173

:
’

“« Casuals,” 47
Cat-mint, 160
“‘Cat-haws,"' 103
‘Cat’s-ear, 130
‘Cat's-foot, 124
Cat’s-tail, 190
‘Celandine, Greater, 64 |
i Lesser, 62
‘Celery, 111
‘Centuary, 144
‘Chalk rocks, 23
‘Chamomile, 126
Charlock, 69
‘Cherry, Wild, 94
», Bird, 95
“* Cheesecake’’ Flowers,
go
‘Chervil, 114
‘Chickweed, 76
Chicory, 133
‘Chives, 187
‘Cinquefoil, 99
a Marsh, 100
‘Citizenship, Plant, 43,44
Clary, 160
“*Clayt”’or‘‘Cleets,’’1
Claytonia, 79
‘Cleavers, 120
‘Clove Orchis, 183
Clovers, The, 89
‘Club-rush, 197
‘Cockle, Corn, 75
‘Collections of Dried
Plants, 15
‘Coltsfoot, 128
‘Columbine, 61
‘Comfrey, 146
Commons, Sandy, 26
Cornbind, 168
‘Cornel, 117
Corn Pheasant's-eye, 58
‘Corn Salad, 121
Cottingham, Overton's
History, 15
‘Cottongrass, 198
Cotyledon lutea, 12
Cowslip, 141
‘Cow-wheat, 156
Crane's-bills, The, 83
‘Cranswick, Hutton, 11
‘Cress, Bitter, 66
Rock, 66
Wart, jo
Water, 65
>, Yellow, 65
Cretaceous Rocks, 2

28

| ‘*Cuckoo Flower,'’ 66
| Cudweed, 124

INDEX.

Crocus, 184
Crosswort, 119
“« Crowfeet,’’ 182
Crowfoot, 65

Currants, The, 105

Dairycoates, 11
Daffodil, 184
Daisy, Common, 123
Dog, 127

» Michaelmas,
Dales, Chalk, 2
Dandelion, 136
Danewort, 118
Deadly Nightshade, 150,
Deadnettles, The, 162
Me Dendrologia Brit.,” 12
Derwentland, 26
Devil’s-bit, 122
Dewberry, 98
Diatoms (Norman's), 14!
Dillwyn & Turner's

123

Guide, 11
Distribution of E. R.|
Plants, 35
Docks, The (plants), 170)

Dodder, 149
Dog-daisy, 127
‘‘Dog-jumps,”’
Dog-rose, 102
Dog's Mercury, 173
Dogwood, 117
Drainage, 22, 26
Driffield, 34
Dropwort, 95

52 Water, I15
Dryness of Ho!derness,

102

32
Duckweeds, The, ror
‘‘Dune-thorn,”’ 36
“Dutch rushes,’ 222
Dyer’s Greenweed, 87
Dyer’s Weed, 72
“ Dykes,” 20, 27
Earth-nut, 113
E. R. Boundaries, 18
Elder, 117
Elecampane, 125

“Eller” (Alder), 175

Elm, 174

Enchanter’s Night-
shade, 109

‘“‘ Escapes,” 47

“Esh" (Ash), 143

Ls]

249
Estuarine plants, 36
Evening Primrose, 109
Everlasting, Mountain,
124
Extinct Plants, 46
Eyebright, 155
‘‘Fat-hen,"’ 166
Fennel, 114

| Ferns, 218
| Feverfew, 127
| Field Madder, 121

“ Fighting-cocks,”’ 164
“Filbert,’’ 176
Figwort, 152

| Fir, Scotch, 179
Fisher, Rev. Ik., 16

| Flag, 184

», Sweet, ror
Flamborough Guide, 16
“AN Head
Flax (‘‘Line”’), 82
purging. 82

”

| Flixweed, 61

Flora, The term, 9
Flora, Northumberland
and Durham, 13
N. York, 13
2 York (B), 13
Flowering Rush, 193
5A Fern, Royal,
222
Fly Orchis, 184
Friesland, Flora of, 45
Frog-bit, 180

”

| Frog Orchis, 183
| Foal's-foot, 128
| “Fog”

crocus, 187
Forget-me-not, 147
Fossil vegetation, 20
Foxglove, 153
Fumitory, 64

| Furze, 87

Garlic, 186

Garlic mustard, 68

| Gentians, The, 145

Geological Mems.,
Holderness, 20
York Plain, 26
, Formations, 28
» Map, Frontispiece
Geraniums, The, 83

”

_ Germander Speedwell,

154
Wood, 164

R

250

Glacial accumulations, | |
19

Glasswort, 168
Gipsy-wort, 159
Goat’s-beard, 137
Golden-rod, 122
Goldilocks, 59
Gold-of-pleasure, 68
Goodyera, 181
Gooseberry, 105
Goose-corn, 188
Goose-foot, 166
‘*Goose-gogs,”’ 105
Goutweed, 113
Grass, Beard, 207

», Bent, 207

», Blue Moor, 211

» Brome, 216

» Camary, 205

» Cat’s-tail,207 |

» Darnel, 216

,, Dog’s-tail, 210

7 sescuer ary seri)

,, Flote, 212

», Foxtail, 206

» Hair,-218

,» Heath, 209

» Lyme, 218 |

» Marram, 208

» Meadow, 212

1 Melic, 211

,, Millet, 206

, Moor, Blue, 211

» Oat, 210

,, of Parnassus, 185

,, Reed, 210

, Ribbon, 206

7 ie yen2to

», Sea-reed, 208

,, Silky bent, 208

,, Small-reed, 208

» Soft, 209 |

» Sweetvernal,206

,, Sheep’s bent,214

,, Timothy, 207

, Trembling, 211

» Whorl, 211

» ‘YorkshireFog,

209

», wrack, 196
‘ Greenginger,’’ 182
‘Green sauce,"’ 17:
Gromwell, 148
Ground-ivy, 160
Groundsel, 122
Guelder-rose, 118

”

| Henbit, 162

| Historical-botanical, 10)
_ Hog’s Fennel, 116
Holly-tree, 85

' Hop,
| Horehound, Black,

| Horse-chestnut, 86
| Horse-radish, 67
| Horse-tails, The, 222

INDEX.

‘*Guide, Court,”
N. and E.R., 16)
Guide, Old Botanist’s,11)
‘Guide, Flambro’,’’ 16)
es Hornsea,”’ 16
Hairbell, 138 .
Halophytes, 35, 36, 30 |
‘‘ Hardheads,”’ 133 |
Hare’s-ear, 111
Hart's-tongue, 220
Hawthorn, 103
Hawk’'s-beard, 134
Hawkweeds, 134 :

| Hazel, 176

Heath, 140 |
Heather, 40, 139
Hellebore, 61 |
Helleborine, 181 |
Hemlock, 110 |
Hemp-nettle, 162 |
‘Hen-and-chickens,’ |

124
Henbane, 151 |

Herb Bennet, 98

3 Danis, 168

» Robert, 84
Herbaria, 13, 16, 17

Holly, Sea, 119
Holderness, Agriculture
21
< Drainage, |
10, 22
», Geographical,
19 |
xt Glacial, 19 |
Ms Plants, 16 |
Holmpton, 19 |
Honeysuckle, 118 |
174

163
- White, 161)
Hornbeam, 175
‘*Hornsea, Guide to,”’ 16)
Hornsea Mere, 20
Hornwort, 179

Houndstongue, 146
Hull Botanic Gardens,
12, 13,15

Ivy,

| Hull Dock wastes, 47
7 Or ws
= Kingston-upon, IO
», Lit.& Phil.Soc.,12
», Mechan. Inst., r4
» Munic. Parks, 15
Museum,

14
» River, 22
» Scien.& Field Nat.
Club, 10, 17
Humber Estuarine
Plants, 36
Hydrophytes, 20
Hygrophiles, 37

” ”

| Incognita, 46

“Ings,” 20

| Introductory, 9

Iris, 184
Itinerary, Ray's, ro
117

Jacob’s Ladder, 146

** John-go-to-bed-at-

noon,” 137
Ketlock, 69

rex] ria
Knapweeds, The, 123.
Knawell, 165
Knot-grass, 168

| Knowlton, Mr., 12

Lacustrine deposits,
1g, 20

| Lady-fern, 219

Lady’s Fingers, go
Lady’s Mantle, roo
Lake-beds, Old, 1g, 20:
Lake Clubrush, ror
Lamb’s Lettuce, 121
Lamplugh, G. W., 23
Larkspur, 61
Lavender, Sea, 140
lees, Dro. A; Ong
“ Lent-lily,”’ 184
Leopard’s-bane, 129
Lesser Cat’s-tail, 1g0

,, Celandine, 60

, Duckweed, tor

,, Water Plantain,

192
Lily-of-the-Valley, 155
Lime-tree, 52
‘line, | 62

I il it

aI

ia
-

Ling, 87
Linnean Society, 11 |
*«Lintils," 92
Liquorice, Wild, 91 |
Livelong, 105
London Pride, 104
Loose-strife, Purple, 108)
* Yellow, |
‘‘Lordsand Ladies,”’ 191)
Louse-wort, 155 |
Lovell, Messrs., 54
Lucerne, 88
Lungwort, 135
Lysimachia thyrsiflora, 12 2

Machell, Col., 12
Madder, Field, 121
Maidenhair, Black, 219
Mallows. The, 81
Malton, Nat. Hist. Soc.,|
16

** Mandrakes,'’ 110
Maple, 86
Marestail, 107
Marjoram, 159
‘‘Mars”’ (meres), 19
Marshes, 20 .
Marsh-marigold, 61 |

» plants, 37

., thistle, 132 |
**May,'’ 103
‘*Mays," 127
Mayweed, 127
Meadow-rue, 57

A sweet, 95
Mechanics Ins., Hull, 4
Medick, 88
Medlar, 103 |
Memoirs, Geol.. 20, 26 |
Mercury, Dog's, 173
Mere, Hormnsea, 20
Meteorology, 31
Mignonette, Wild, 71
Milfoil, 107
Milk-parsley, 116
Milk-veined Thistle; 132,
Milk-vetch, Purple, 91
Milkwort, 73.
Mimulus, 152
Mints, The, 158
Mistletoe, 172
Moneywort, 142
Monkshood, a
“*Moondaisy,”’ 127
Moonwort, 222
Moors, 26

| Mustard, Black, 69

| Oat-grass, 210

_ Orache, 167

Osier, 178

INDEX.

Moschatel, 117 |

Mosses, 225

Mother-of-thousands,
151

Mouse-ear Chickweed,

Te
Mudwort, 153
Mugwort, 128
‘‘Muggerwort,” 128
Mullein, 151

_ Museum, Hull, r4

a York, 13

Fr Garlic, 67
A Hedge, 67
ee Treacle, 68
be White, 99

Nat. His. Soc., Malton,
16
Naturalists’ Club, Hull)
S. and F., 10, 17
“Naturalist, The,” 15
Neocomian rocks, 26
Nettles, the dead, 163
Nettle, Hemp, 162
Nettle, Stinging, AR
» *Tenging,”

| Nightshade, Desiiy, 150

” Woody, 150|
Nipplewort, a
Niven, J. C.,

Norman, George, s 55

ii Na.

Oak, 176
| Oak-fern, 221

Oliver’s Hist., Bev.,
Ophrys afifera, 12

Orders wanting in E.I.,
42 |

Orpine, 105

Out- Newton, 19

“Oum,” 174 |

| Overton’s Hist. Cotting-

ham, 15 |
Ox-eye, White, 127
» Yellow, 127

“Palms,” 177
Pansy, 73 ae
Palzobotany, 21
Paris, Herb, 188 |

251

Parnassus, Grass of, 105
Parsley, Corn, 112

ms Fools’, 115

“ Hedge, 111

rs Piert, 100
Parsnip. Cow, 113

a Water, 113

5 Wild, 116
“‘Parson-in-the-Pulpit,

IgI

Parsons, Dr. H. F., 15
Peak, E. A., 15, 33, 55

| Pearlwort, 78

Pearson Park, Hull, 33

| Pear, Wild, 103

Peat-bogs, 26
Pellitory, 174
Pelophiles, 35, 39
Penny Cress, 70
Penny-royal, 159
Penny-wort, 70

| Pepper-mint, 158

| Pepper Saxifrage, 115
| Pepper, Water, 159

| Pepper-wort, 70

Periwinkle, 144

| Petty-whin, 86

| Pheasant's-eye,Corn, 58
Physiography, E.R., 18
Plantains, The, 164

,, the Water, 192

| Plan of Flora, E.R., 54

‘‘Plantze Eboracences,”
II
Plants, Fossil, 20

| Platnauer, Mr., 54
| Plume-thistle, 132
, Plum, Wild, 94
13 | Polypody, 221
Poplars, The, 178
| Pondweeds, The, 193

Pondweed, Horned, 196
““Poor man’s w.-glass,”’
142
Poon Red, 63
* Yellow Horned, 63
Primrose, 141
Privet, 143

Promontory, Flambro’,

| 24
| Pugh, Mr. W. B., 31, 32 ©

| “‘Rabbit-meat,”’ 114
| Radish, Seaside, 71

» _ Wild, 71
Ragged Robin, 75

“5-

Ragworts, The, 130
Rainfall tables, 33
Ransoms, 186
Ranunculus lingua, 12 |
Rape, 69 |
Raspberry, 95 |
Ray, John, ro, 13
Records, E arliest E.R..,|
10

Reid, Mr. Clement, 20 |
Rest-harrow, 87
‘Rhubarb, Wild,’ 129
Ribwort, 174
Riley, Edmund, 2
‘Rises,’ 19
Rocket, Purple, 71 |

i Sand, 69

$: Wall, 69

A Yellow, 65
Rock-rose, 72
Rose, Apple, ror
Roses, The, to1
Rubi (Brambles), 16
Rushes, 188
Rush, Flowering, 193
Rye-grass, 216

Sainfoin, 91 |
Salad Burnet, roo |
Sallow, 177
Saltwort, 168 |
Samphire, 168
‘‘Sanctuary,”’
Sandwort, 78
Sanicle, 110
Saw-wort, 132 |
Saxifrages, The, 104
Scabious, 123
Scale-fern, 220
Scaum’s“' Beverlac,’
Scotch Fir, 178
Scurvy-grass, 67
Sea-blite, 168
Sea coast plants, 35
Sea Holly, 110

, Kale, 71

,, Lavender, 140

,, Pink, 140

, Poppy, Y. horned,

6

144

74

Purslane, 168
Sedges, The, 197
Selfheal, 161
Sheep’s-bit, 158
Sheep-sorrel, 171
Shepherd’s-purse, 7

INDEX.

Sheppard, Mr. T., 1
Shield-fern, 220
Shoreweed, 165
Silverweed, 99

Skipsea, 19
Skull-cap, 160
| Sloe, 94

Smith, David, 13
| Snake's-head, 187
Snakeweed, 170

| Snapdragon, 152

Sneezewort, 126
Snowdrop, 185
Soapwort, 74
Solomon's Seal, 185
Sorrel, Wood, 85
Sow-thistle, 131
Spear-thistle, 131
Spearwort, 69
Speedwell, 153
Spike-rush, 196
Spindle-tree, 85
Spurge Laurel, 172
Spurges, The, 172
Spurry, Corn, 78
Star-fruit, 193

Star of Bethlehem, 187
Starwort, Water, 117
St. John’s-wort, 80

| Stitchwort, 77

Stonecrop, 106

| Stone-parsley, 112
| Stratiotes. 12

| Strawberry, 98
Summaries, E. kt. Plants,’

41
Sundews, The, 108
Sunk Island, 31
Sweet Briar, ror

PPE 5) UT -2b Cop
Sycamore, 86

| Tansy, 128

Tare, Wild, 92
Teasels, The, 122
‘Tea’ tree, 152
Teesdale, Robt., 11
‘* Teesdalia,’’ 11
Thale Cress, 67
Thistles, The, 131
Thistle, Sow, 139

Thrift, 140
Thyme, Wild, 159
ae Basil, 159

Time of Flowering, 32,

54

| Toadflax, 151'
Toothwort, Great, 157 © i
| Topography, E. R., 29:
| Tormentil, 99
Touch-me-not, 85
| Traveller's Joy, 57
Treacle-mustard, 68
| Triticum junceum, 12
| Twayblade, 180
Types, H. C. Watson’s,.
445 45

| Valerians, The, 121
Vaucheria dichotma, 21 |
Vegetal, Zones, 23 f
| Vervain, 158
Vetch, Tufted, 92 ;

» Bitter 94 f
», Bush, 92 -
| Vetchling, Marsh, 93 4

Meadow, 93 ‘

| Villarsia, 145
| Violet, Dog, 73
aA Marsh, 72
7 Sweet, 72
- Water, 141
Viper’s Bugloss, 148
' Vouchers, 16
V-Shaped dales, 21

_ Wall-flower, 65
Walling Fen, 21
| Wall Pepper, 106
Wall-rue, 219
Warp land, 21
Water Betony, 161
* Blinks, 79
Water-cress, 65 4
», crowfoot, 58
| Waterfall, Chas., 17, 55
Water-lily, 62
» 7pepper, 169
i Soldier, 180
| Py Violet, 141
Watson, H.C., 43, 44,45
Watson, P. W., 12
Welted Thistle, 131
Wharton, Mrs., 12
| White-rot, 110
| Whitlow-grass, 67
| Whitwell, Wm., 15, 17
|} ‘*Wicks,’’ 24
| Wilkinson, H. J.,
| Willow grass, 170
Willow-herb, 108
| Willows, The, 186

oS Soy — @ 1 J bbhe dy wo

Pte |

16, 55

INDEX. 253

Winter aconite, 61 Woundwort, 161 Yew, 179
Winter-green, 140 | Wych Elm, 173 York, E.R. Divisions, 54
Wolds, the, 63 » Museum, 13, 34
Wood Betony, 161 | | ., Plain, 26
» Germander, oe Yarrow, 127 | Yorkshire Nat. Union,
» -ruff, 120 | Yellow Birds-nest, 140 |

15
» rush, 189 | » -Yattle, 155 | fe Phil, Soc., 13
Wormwood, 128 | 45 -wort, 144 | Young, Jas. F., 14

| j

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