TRANSACTIONS OF THE t 93 S~f f‘ Illinois State Academy of Science Supplement to Volume 93 > > fOUNOlO W®1 92nd Annual Meeting April 7 - 8, 2000 AUGUSTANA COLLEGE Rock Island, Illinois Luesther T Mertz LIBRARY MAR 2 8 2000 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS OF THE ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 92nd ANNUAL MEETING April 7-8, 2000 AUGUSTANA COLLEGE ROCK ISLAND, ILLINOIS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019 with funding from BHL-SIL-FEDLINK https://archive.org/details/transactionsofi9320unse_0 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 4 REGISTRATION INFORMATION . 5 Travel Information . 6 Parking . 8 Hotels/Motels . 12 Banquet & Luncheon Menus . 8 KEYNOTE ADDRESS . 9 ISAS MEETING SCHEDULE . 11 SCIENCE TEACHING WORKSHOP . 13 PAPER SESSIONS Agriculture . 15 Botany . 15 Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology . 22 Chemistry . 24 Computer Science . 26 Earth Science . 27 Environmental Science . 28 Health Sciences . 32 Microbiology . 34 Science, Mathematics & Technology Education . 35 Zoology . 36 POSTER SESSION . 40 AUTHOR INDEX . 47 ABSTRACTS . 50 OFFICIALS OF THE ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE . 102 FUTURE MEETINGS . 105 ROCK ISLAND & AUGUSTANA CAMPUS MAP . 7 ANNUAL MEETING REGISTRATION FORM 107 The Illinois State Academy of Science wishes to thank the following organizations for their kind support of the 2000 annual meeting: The board and administration of Augustana College The faculty of the Natural Science Division, Augustana College The Lindahl Biology Club Sigma Alpha Iota, Delta Tau chapter, women's music fraternity 5 ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 92nd Annual Meeting April 7-8, 2000 Augustana College Rock Island, Illinois REGISTRATION Participants are urged to pre-register for the ISAS annual meeting by returning the enclosed registration form (see form for fee schedule). The deadline for receipt of pre¬ registration forms is March 23, 2000. Tickets for the ISAS luncheon and banquet (and poster session social if a non-member/guest) should be reserved when you pre-register. You will be able to pick up your tickets at the registration table at the main lobby of the science building at Augustana College on Friday, April 7, 2000. On-site registration will be conducted on both Friday and Saturday. On-site registration fees are significantly higher than pre-registration fees (see form for fee schedule). Host institution students are invited to attend oral paper sessions free of charge after on-site registration as a “non-member guest host institution student”. 6 TRAVEL INFORMATION Augustana College is located in Rock Island, Illinois, and is one of the “Quad Cities" which also include Bettendorf, IA, Davenport, IA, and Moline, IL. The closest airport is the Quad Cities International Airport in Moline. Driving directions to campus on 1-80 from the East: Continue on 80 West as it changes to interstate 280/74 West. Exit 1-74 West for approximately 1/2 mile. Exit 4A John Deere Highway (Highway 5 West). Turn Right (North) on 38th Street (by a K-Mart). Travel 38th Street to 7th Avenue and turn left (West) on 7th. Turn right into the first driveway on 7th Avenue and park (Lot E). Please see map, lots do not have signs. The Science Building is the large brick building near the corner of 35th Street and 7th Avenue. There is no sign identifying the Science Building as such. Driving directions to campus on 1-88 from the East: Continue on 88 West as it changes into Highway 5. Travel Highway 5 (John Deere Road) to 38th street in Rock Island (WARNING: there is a 38th street in Moline... don't turn there!) Turn Right (North) on 38th Street (by a K-Mart). Travel 38th Street to 7th Avenue and turn left (West) on 7th. Turn right into the first driveway on 7th Avenue and park (Lot E). Please see map, lots do not have signs. The Science Building is the large brick building near the corner of 35th Street and 7th Avenue. There is no sign identifying the Science Building as such. Driving directions to campus on 1-74 from the east: Follow the signs for 1-74 West. Exit 4A John Deere Highway (Highway 5 West). Turn Right (North) on 38th Street (by a K-Mart). Travel 38th Street to 7th Avenue and turn left (West) on 7th. Turn right into the first driveway on 7th Avenue and park (Lot E). Please see map, lots do not have signs. The Science Building is the large brick building nearest the corner of 35th Street and 7th Avenue. There is no sign identifying the Science Building as such. Getting to the Quad Cities Botanical Center from the Augustana campus: Turn right on to 7th Avenue from lot E. Turn right at the first stop light (30th Street). Proceed down 30,h Street to the next light and turn left on to 5th Ave. 5th Avenue will veer to the right and become 4th Avenue. The QCBC (2525 4th Avenue) is a large white stone and glass building that will be on your right hand side just after you veer to the right and 5th becomes 4th . 7 BETTENDORF IOWA DAVENPORT EAST f MOLINE coy i MOLINE ROCK ISLAND l * S»— « | ^ >lo<44»U tood -I jato tW« Uod * Ovod CMy hkpon ILLINOIS CHICAGO °mr For a complete map of campus see http://www2.augustana.edu Click the "Welcomc"tab, then click "maps." The upper campus of Augustana College 19 College Center 44 Science Building Friday parking: Lot E Saturday parking: Any campus lot S’" Ave. => 7,h Ave. => 34*h Street ft 38,h Street ft 8 PARKING Augustana classes will be in session Friday, April 8. Please remember that cars are expected to stop for pedestrians at campus crosswalks on 38lh Streetl Registered ISAS members will receive a pass to park in Lot E (Near the corner of 7th Ave and 38th Street) on Friday. Parking in any other campus lot on Friday may result in your car being ticketed. This pass will also allow you to park in any campus lot on Saturday (Lot H near the corner of 34th Street and 7th Avenue is closest to the Science Building). Please pick up a parking pass at the registration area and display the pass from the rearview mirror of your car. Additional free parking is available along 7th Ave and 34th street. MEALS The ISAS luncheon/business meeting will be held in the loft of the College Center from 12:00 to 1 :30 PM. Luncheon tickets must be purchased by pre-registration (see form for fees). A few tickets will be available at on-site registration for a substantially higher cost. The ISAS banquet will be served in the Burbank Room of the Quad Cities Botanical Center. The banquet will be preceded by the poster session social, which will also be held at the Quad Cities Botanical Center. Banquet tickets should be purchased by pre¬ registration. As with the luncheon, a few tickets will be available during on-site registration at a higher price. ISAS Luncheon Menu Augustana College Center Loft 12:00-1:30 PM (Buffet style) Veggie lasagna/stuffed chicken breast Corn/ Stir-fried veggies Potatoes/Wild Rice Salad/Fruit/Relish tray Apple Pie/ Cheesecake Beverages ISAS Academy Banquet Menu Quad Cities Botanical Center 6:15-7:30 PM (Sit-down style) Chicken/Salmon/Top Sirloin Potato/vegetables Salad Bread/dessert/beverage Music provided by the women of Sigma Alpha lota, Delta Tau chapter. ..some of whom are also presenting papers at the meeting! POSTER SESSION SOCIAL 9 The poster session social will be held from 5:00-6:00 PM at the Quad Cities Botanical Center. The QCBC is open daily to the public, and neither presenters nor poster session attendees will have access to the center prior to 3:00 PM. All posters must be removed by 9:00 PM (following the keynote address). Meeting registration includes admittance to the poster session for all but non-member guests. Tickets for non-member guests and non-member host institution students are available through pre-registration (see registration form). A few tickets will be available during on-site registration for a substantially higher price. KEYNOTE ADDRESS We are pleased to announce that Dr. Marian Smith will deliver this year's keynote address. Dr. Smith is a Professor of Biology at SIUE and is director of the Boltonia decurrens Research Station at SIUE. Dr. Smith has numerous publications in refereed journals. Her current work focuses on the physiological ecology of floodplain plants, especially the threatened species Boltonia decurrens. The keynote address will be held at the Quad Cities Botanical Center, immediately following the academy banquet. POST-MEETING FIELD TRIP Immediately following the ISAS meeting on Saturday, April 8 you are invited to participate in a field trip to one of the three biological field stations owned and managed by Augustana College. Participants should dress for the weather and provide their own transportation; car-pooling is encouraged. We will leave from the Augustana campus at approximately noon from the parking lot immediately northwest of the Science Building. We can stop at a fast food restaurant on the way and have lunch (paid for individually). Collinson Ecological Preserve is a 70-acre mature, upland forest with two small hill prairies located eight miles south of campus. During the trip we will discuss the character of this station and the opportunities and difficulties inherent in owning and using biological stations. Participants are encouraged to provide their own insights. The duration of the field trip will be less than two hours depending on interest of participants. The field trip leader will be Bohdan Dziadyk, Professor of Biology and director of the stations. 10 ASSOCIATED TEACHERS WORKSHOP On Saturday, April 8, from 9:45-3:15 PM and in conjunction with the meeting, the Academy will sponsor a workshop of "hands-on" science activities for local and visiting high school/middle school teachers and science education students. Workshop participants need not register for the ISAS meeting. Workshop cost = $25 per person (including lunch). There is an enrollment limit of approximately 60. See the appended registration form for more information. QUESTIONS For further information please contact: (For general meeting questions) Kevin Geedey Vice-President ISAS Assistant Professor of Biology (309) 794-3437 BIGEEDEY@augustana.edu (For field trip information) Bohdan Dziadyk Professor of Biology (309) 794-3436 BIDZIADYK@augustana.edu (For Teacher Workshop) Dara L. Wegman-Geedey Assistant Professor of Biology (309) 794-3445 BIWEGMAN@augustana.edu ISAS 92nd ANNUAL MEETING Augustana College April 7-8, 2000 SUMMARY OF EVENTS Friday April 7, 2000 7:30 AM-4:00 PM 7:30 AM-9:30 AM 9:30 AM-12:00 Noon 12:00 Noon-1 :30 PM 1:30 PM-4: 1 5 PM 5:00 PM-6:00 PM 6:15 PM- 7:30 PM 7:45 PM-8:45 PM Registration: lobby of Science Building ISAS council meeting: Room 302 Science Binding Paper Sessions: Science Building ISAS luncheon/business meeting: College Center Loft Paper Sessions: Science Building Poster session social: Quad Cities Botanical Center ISAS banquet: Burbank Room, Quad Cities Botanical Center Keynote Address: Olmstead and Leopold Rooms, Quad Cities Botanical Center. Saturday April 8, 2000 9:00 AM-10:30 AM 9:30 AM-1 1:30 AM 1 1:45 AM 11:45 AM - 1:45 PM Registration: Lobby of Science building. Paper Sessions: Science Building Meeting Ends Post meeting field trip: Meet in parking (at the latest) lot H. Saturday April 8, 2000 9:00 AM-10:30 AM 9:45 AM-1 0:00 AM 10:00 AM- 12:00 Noon 12:00 Noon - 1 :00 PM 1:00 PM- 3:00 PM 3:00 PM -3:15 PM 3:15 PM Hands-on science workshop for teachers Registration: Lobby of Science building. Welcome: room 305 Science building Concurrent Workshop Sessions (1st session): Labs in Science building, refer to individual schedule. Lunch: College Center Loft Concurrent Workshop Sessions (2nd session): Labs in science building, refer to individual schedule. Workshop evaluation and summary: Science Building room 305 Workshop ends 12 Recommended Hotels Summary information for Quad City area hotels is given below. Please reserve rooms as early as possible. A block of 20 rooms has been reserved in each of the following hotels. These rooms will be released to the general public as the meeting date approaches if they are not reserved. Release date for most of these hotels is March 20. Register Early. Be sure to identify yourself as a member of ISAS to receive these quoted rates. Four Points Sheraton: 10 minutes drive time to Augustana, 5 minutes from the Quad Cities Botanical Center. S59 single or double, $69.00 triple, $79.00 for four (two double beds/room) 1 Plaza Square Rock Island, IL (309) 794-1212 Located in "The District" in downtown Rock Island, the Four Points Sheraton is easy walking distance from some of the finest Quad City restaurants, microbrewery, bars, coffee shops, and the Rock Island Casino Riverboat. A "Bennegins" restaurant is located in the hotel. Among the more luxurious hotels in Rock Island, the quoted price is based on a substantial discount. Holiday Inn — 1 5 minutes drive time to Augustana or the QCBC $64 single; $72 double by Quad Cities Airport 6902 27'" Street Moline, IL (309) 762-8811 La Quinta Inn — 15 minutes drive time to Augustana or the QCBC $52 per room by Quad Cities Airport 5450 27'" Street Moline, IL (309) 762-9008 The Stardust Hotel — 1 0 minutes drive time to Augustana, 1 5 to the QCBC $45 single; $55 double off of 1-74 and take 7th Avenue or 23ld Avenue exit 11671 91" Street Moline, IL (309) 764-9644 13 The Illinois State Academy of Science1 presents A SCIENCE TEACHING IDEAS WORKSHOP Date: Saturday, 8 April 2000 (9:45 a.m. - 3 p.m.) Cost: S25.00 (lunch & proceedings inch) Location: Science Building, Augustana College Enrollment Limit: 60 Parking: Free (Lot is off 35th Street just south of 7th Avenue) Registration: Front Lobby, First floor Workshops offered: _ “Issues and Answers: Teaching Science Through the Inv estigation of Values Laden Situations,” Mike Schroeder, Ph.D., Department of Education, Augustana College In this session, we ll explore a variety of issues that today’s students will struggle with and ultimately learn from while clarifying their values and beliefs AND applying their scientific knowledge. Emphasis on development of critical thinking and communication skills. _ “Human Genetics: Exploring Societal Issues,” Jolynn Smith, M.S., Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Human genome project, gene therapy, genetic disorders - it’s everywhere and students are curious: VISIT websites where students and teachers can find info, learn about free and low cost materials from government and non-profit agencies, and pick-up some new student exercises (w/ handouts). _ “Fungal Culture: Methods and Applications,” Walt Sundberg, Ph.D., Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale In this age of decreased funding and increasing pressure to reduce the use of animals in teaching labs, the fungi offer ways to actively teach many different biological principles. Info, demos and handouts on: working with slime molds (tips from the experts!), “ecology in ajar” (new ideas for teaching the scientific method), and the ubiquitous fungi - hands-on applications for students to do-it-themsclves. _ “Plant Tissue Culture: Methods and Applications,” Phil Villani, Ph.D., Department of Biology , Augustana College Tissue and cell cultures are used to study many pharmaceutical, agricultural and medical applications - but animal tissue culture requires costly equipment and more finesse than most beginning students have. The basic procedures are the same for plant and animal tissue culture - come and learn HANDS-ON how to use plant tissue culture to enhance learning of basic and applied biology concepts. _ “Lab Access for Students with Disabilities: Modifications for Leveling the Learning Field,” Dara Wcgman-Gecdcy, Ph.D., Department of Biology, Augustana College We’ll perform a simple exercise, “Chemistry in a Bag,” but with a twist - how can we modify the exercise for students with visual, hearing and physical impairments using readily available materials and a bit of imagination? Additional info from the 1999 NSF C.L.A.S.S. (Creating Lab Access for Science Students) program will be distributed and discussed. Each workshop is 2 hours long; concurrent sessions are planned for 10 a.m. to Noon and 1 to 3 p.m. Each participant will be scheduled for one morning and one afternoon workshop according to the preferences noted on the registration form (see other side). Preferences noted by registrants will be used to determine the specific times and offerings for the workshop. A site map and a final schedule will be sent to each pre-registered participant by April 1st. Participants will each receive a binder of the proceedings from all five workshops, including masters for handouts, reference lists, and materials source information. Roundtable discussions will be held during a sit down lunch in the Augustana College Center Loft: soup, smoked turkey or veggie croissant, fruit cup, potato chips/pickle spear, dessert, beverage. (duplicate both sides of this form if additional copies arc needed) in conjunction with the Biology Department, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 1A The Illinois State Academy of Science presents A SCIENCE TEACHING IDEAS WORKSHOP REGISTRATION FORM: complete all steps below* 1. Complete each blank: Name: _ Mailing Address: _ Phone Number: _ FAX Number: _ E-Mail Address: School Affiliation: _ Science Subject(s) Taught: _ 2. Rate your preferences: So that we can best serve your interests, please rank the workshops (in the blanks to the left of each) listed on the other side of this page from 1 to 5 (1 = most interesting, 5 = least interesting) 3. Prepare a S25.00 check or money order made out to Illinois State Academy of Science. Full refunds of registration costs are available if you send notice to the ISAS address listed in step 4 before March 20, 2000. After that date, refunds will be made at 50% ($12.50). 4. Indicate here if you’d prefer a: _ smoked turkey or _ veggie croissant for lunch at the workshop. 5. Send this entire sheet (including registration form and ranking of workshops) with check or money order to: ISAS Teaching Ideas Workshop, Illinois State Academy of Science, Illinois State Museum, Springfield, IL 62706. For additional information contact: Dara Wegman-Geedey Assistant Professor, Biology (309) 794-3445 biwemnanffiaugustana.edu Phil Villani Assistant Professor, Biology (309)794-3444 bivillani@aumistana.edu Kevin Geedey, Vice President ISAS Assistant Professor, Biology (309) 794-3437 bigeedey@augustana.edu PAPER SESSIONS 15 AGRICULTURE DIVISION Division Chair: Mari Loehrlein Department of Agriculture Western Illinois University 1 University Circle Macomb, IL 61455 POSTER SESSION - Friday, April 7 Location: Lobby - 5:00 - 6:00 PM Quad Cities Botanical Center POSTER # 95 THE EFFECTS OF BONZI AND B-NINE, GROWTH INHIBITORS, ON ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA AND ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA. P.M.Buckert and T.S. Fowler. Western Illinois University, Macomb. BOTANY DIVISION Division Chair: Janice M. Coons Department of Biological Sciences Eastern Illinois University 600 Lincoln Avenue Charleston, IL 61920 SESSION I - Friday, April 7 PRESIDING: Janice M. Coons TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Room 102 10:00 AM 1 DISAPPEARANCE OF A LOESS HILL PRAIRIE IN HENDERSON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. W.E. McClain and A.C.Moorehouse. Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Springfield and J.E. Ebinqer. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 10:15AM 2 STATUS OF THE HYBRID OAK TAXA QUERCUS X LEANA AND Q. X RUNCINATA IN ILLINOIS. G.C. Tucker and J.E Ebinqer. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 16 10:30AM 10:45 AM 11:00 AM 11:15 AM 11:30 AM 12:00 NOON 1:45 PM 2:00 PM 2:15 PM 2:30 PM 3 PRESETTLEMENT VEGETATION OF THE MIDWEST, A HIGHLY MODIFIED LANDSCAPE. J.E. Ebinqer. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. BREAK 4 THE IMPACT OF WHITE TAILED DEER FORAGING ON FORBS IN A REMNANT PRAIRIE COMMUNITY. D.L.Nelson and R.C. Anderson, Illinois State University, Normal. 5 MICRO-SCALE VEGETATION RESTORATION: A TWENTY-FIVE YEAR HISTORY OF A SOUTHERN IL BARRENS. R. Anderson, J. Schweqman, and M.R. Anderson. Illinois State University, Normal and Metropolis. 6 VASCULAR FLORA OF MOMENCE WETLANDS, KANKAKEE COUNTY, ILLINOIS. L.R. Phillippe. W.C. Handel, J.E. Ebinqer, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, and S. Horn, Division of Natural Heritage, Illinois State University, Normal ISAS LUNCHEON AND BUSINESS MEETING 7 EFFECTS OF EARLY AND LATE SEASON HERB IVORY ON THE SURVIVAL AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF BOLTONIA DECURRENS, A THREATENED FLOODPLAIN SPECIES. J.H. Burdsall and M. Smith. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 8 SEASONAL VARIATION IN MAXIMUM PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATES OF Alliaria petiolata. C.V. Myers and R.C. Anderson, Illinois State University, Normal. 9 AGE AND HARVEST TIME AFFECT COLOR OF STYLISMA PICKERINGII SEEDS. C.J. Heisler. J.M. Coons and H.R. Owen. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 10 ANATOMY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HORNWORT STOMATA. J.R. Lucas and K.S. Renzaglia. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. 17 2:45 PM 1 1 THE EFFECTS OF CLUMP SIZE ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF BOLTONIA DECURRENS, A THREATENED FLOODPLAIN PLANT SPECIES. L. Ribes and M. Smith. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 3:00 PM BREAK 3:15 PM 12 SEED PRODUCTION AND GERMINATION OF WILD HYACINTH ( CAMASSIA ANGUSTA). K.M. Franken. C.J. DuFrain. J.M. Coons and H.R. Owen. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 3:30 PM 13 THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SPERMATOZOID OF DIPHASIASTRUM DIGITATUM. S.W. Schuette, A.R. Maden and K.S. Renzaqlia. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. 3:45 PM 14 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE THREATENED FLOODPLAIN SPECIES, BOLTONIA DECURRENS AND A WIDESPREAD CONGENERIC, BOLTONIA ASTEROIDES VAR RECOGNITA. S.M. Tofari. E.J. Esselman and F.M. Smith. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 4:00 PM 15 A QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF TERMINAL AND BASAL ACHENES OF SCHOENOPLECTUS HALLII. S. Ammann. C. Shaffer. N. Parker and M. Smith. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. POSTER SESSION - Friday. April 7 Location: Lobby - 5:00 - 6:00 PM Quad Cities Botanical Center POSTER # 96 SCARIFICATION OF STYLISMA PICKERINGII (PATTERSON BINDWEED) SEEDS USING DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES. B.L Todd. J.M. Coons and H.R. Owen. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 97 SEED PRODUCTION AND GERMINATION OF ASTRAGALUS CRASSICARPUS VAR TRICHOCALYX. K.R. Lackey. J.M. Coons. H.R. Owen and J.E. Ebinaer. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 18 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 PRAIRIE RESTORATIONS AT ROCK SPRINGS ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER, DECATUR, ILLINOIS. J.A. Ward. G.C. Tucker and J.E. Ebinqer, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. PHOTOPERIOD IMPACT ON LATERAL SHOOT GROWTH IN STYLISMA PICKERINGII. A.J. Kerber. H.R. Owen and J.M. Coons, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. DISTRIBUTION AND SURVIVORSHIP OF A LOWLAND COSTA RICAN RAIN FOREST TREE, ANAXAGOREA CRASSIPETALA. K.M. Jaskowiak, S.A. Juliano and J.E. Armstrong, Illinois State University, Normal. EFFECTS OF SOIL NUTRIENTS AND pH ON SPECIES RICHNESS IN A LOWLAND OLD FIELD IN CARBONDALE, IL. S. Y. Emmert, B.A. Middleton and D.J. Gibson. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. VEGETATION SURVEY OF THOMPSON WOODS, JACKSON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. T.R. Miller.Jr. and M.A. Basinger. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. STATUS OF CIMICIFUGA RUBIFOLIA KEARNEY IN ILLINOIS. T. R.Miller, Jr.. S.Y. Emmert. T.H. Johnson and P.A. Robertson, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. TRANSLOCATION OF HERBICIDE AMONG CLONAL SPECIES. J.T.Bitner and E.J. Esselman. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. THE INCREASE OF ASIMINA TRILOBA (L.) DUNAL (PAWPAW) IN THE PRAIRIE PENNINSULA OF ILLINOIS. R.L. Larimore and J.E. Ebinqer, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign. VEGETATIONAL CHANGE IN A RESTORED PRAIRIE. T.L. Crispino and R.C. Anderson. Illinois State University, Normal. PRESETTLEMENT VEGETATION PATTERNS ALONG THE AMERICAN BOTTOMS AND ADJACENT UPLANDS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. K. McKeever. J.C. Nelson. R.J, Cosqriff, and J.K. Tucker. Illinois Natural History Survey Great Rivers Field Station, Brighton and T. George and F T. Norris. St. Louis District U. S.Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis, MO. 19 108 THE EFFECT OF VEGETATIVE SIZE ON SEED GERMINATION AND VIABILITY IN BOLTONIA DECURRENS. T. Parker and M_ Smith. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 109 EXAMINATION OF ISOZYME DIVERSITY WITHIN AND BETWEEN POPULATIONS OF HYMENOXYS HERBACEA (E.L. GREENE) CUSICK = H. ACAULIS VAR. GLABRA (LAKESIDE DAISY). E.J. Esselman. D.J. Crawford and J.A. Windus. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 110 THE INFLUENCE OF SIZE ON ROSETTE SURVIVAL: A LIFE STAGE DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE RARE WETLAND PLANT, BOLTONIA DECURRENS. T. Cochran and M. Smith. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 1 1 1 EFFECTS OF LIGHT REGIME AND DENSITY ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF BOLTONIA DECURRENS. X. Wang and M. Smith, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 112 SEED BANK ECOLOGY OF BUTTERFIELD CREEK WATERSHED ALONG OLD PLANK ROAD TRAIL. M.S. Lake. P. Gunther, D.C. Grossi and H.L. Bauer. Governors State University, University Park. 113 OCCURRENCE OF MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS IN OPUNTIA HUMIFUSA IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS. S. Whitcomb and W.J. Sundberg. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. 114 A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE FLESHY, NON- RESUPINATE JELLY FUNGI OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS. HA Sebbv. D-M. Minnis. and W.J. Sundberg. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. 1 1 5 ASSESSMENT OF HABITAT AVAILABILITY FOR BOLTONIA DECURRENS, A THREATENED FLOODPLAIN SPECIES, USING A GIS. P.A. Mettler. B. Rizzo and B. Middleton. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale and M. Smith. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. PRESIDING: Janice M. Coons 20 SESSION II - Saturday. April 8 TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Room 102 9:00 AM 16 FLOWERING, FRUIT SET, AND FRUIT PRODUCTION IN EASTERN LEATHERWOOD ( DIRCA PALUSTRIS). V_ Gann, K. Schulz, K. Kahl. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, J. Zasada. USDA Forest Service Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Grand Rapids, MN. and E. Nauertz and W. Mattson. USDA Forest Service Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Rhinelander, Wl. 9:15 AM 17 DOES GAP REGENERATION OF SUGAR MAPLE ( ACER SACCHARUM) DEPRESS SPECIES DIVERSITY IN MAPLE-DOMINATED FORESTS? K. Schulz and K. Kahl. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. J. Zasada. USDA Forest Service Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Grand Rapids, MN., S. Garske. Michigan Technical University, Houghton, Ml., and E. Nauertz. USDA Forest Service Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Rhinelander, Wl. 9:30 AM 18 COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF CARTWAY WOODS, A POST OAK (QUERCUS STELLATA Wang.') WOODLAND IN HAMILTON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. W.E. McClain. Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Springfield, B.R. Edqin. Illinois Nature Preserves Commission, Springfield, and J.E. Ebinqer, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 9:45 AM 1 9 CHESTNUT/BUR OAK WOODLAND RAVINE COMMUNITIES OF CENTRAL ILLINOIS. V L. LaGesse, Springfield, W.E. McClain. Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Springfield, and J.E. Ebinqer Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 1 0:00 AM 20 THE RESPONSE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE TO RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN HALL’S BULRUSH, A RARE PLANT SPECIES. M. Smith. J.L.J. Houpis. S. Ammann. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, and P. Mettler. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. 10:15 AM BREAK 21 10:30 AM 10:45 AM 11:00 AM 11:15 AM 11:30 AM 21 INFLUENCE OF VARIES IRRADIANCE LEVELS ON MORTALITY, GROWTH, AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF ALLIARIA PETIOLATA. C. Kirk and R.C. Anderson. Illinois State University, Normal. 22 STATUS OF LYSIMACHIA FRASERI DUBY IN ILLINOIS. M.A. Basinger, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. 23 PRESCRIBED BURNING IN PALOS FOREST PRESERVES OF COOK COUNTY ILLINOIS. D.W. Nvbera and J.M. Marzalik. University of Illinois, Chicago. 24 DEMOGRAPHY AND SEED PRODUCTION OF AMERICAN GINSENG IN SMALL AND LARGE POPULATIONS IN ILLINOIS. M.R. Anderson and S.S. Loew. Illinois State University, Normal. DIVISION BUSINESS MEETING Presentation of Student Awards 22 10:30 AM 21 INFLUENCE OF VARIES IRRADIANCE LEVELS ON MORTALITY, GROWTH, AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF ALLIARIA PETIOLATA. C. Kirk and R.C. Anderson, Illinois State University, Normal. 10:45 AM 22 STATUS OF LYSIMACHIA FRASERI DUBY IN ILLINOIS. M.A. Basinger, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. 1 1 :00 AM 23 PRESCRIBED BURNING IN PALOS FOREST PRESERVES OF COOK COUNTY ILLINOIS. D.W. Nvberq and J.M. Marzalik, University of Illinois, Chicago. 11:15 AM 24 DEMOGRAPHY AND SEED PRODUCTION OF AMERICAN GINSENG IN SMALL AND LARGE POPULATIONS IN ILLINOIS. M.R. Anderson and S.S. Loew. Illinois State University, Normal. 1 1 :30 AM DIVISION BUSINESS MEETING Presentation of Student Awards CELL, MOLECULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY DIVISION Division Chair: Paul E. Wanda Department of Biological Sciences Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, IL 62026 SESSION I - Friday, April 7 PRESIDING: Paul Wanda TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Room 305 9:30 AM 25 THE IDENTIFICATION OF mRNA-BINDING PROTEIN COMPLEXES AFFECTING TRANSCRIPT STABILITY IN BARLEY ALEURONE CELLS. S.J. Mendelson and M R. Brodl. Knox College, Galesburg. 9:50 AM 26 CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BARLEY SRP RECEPTOR-# (SR-#). R.F. Nelson and M.R.Brodl. Knox College, Galesburg. 23 10:10 AM 10:30 AM 10:50 AM 11:10 AM 11:30 AM 12:00 NOON 1:45 PM 2:05 PM 2:25 PM 2:45 PM 27 SUPPRESSION OF INTERFERON y - INDUCTION OF MACROPHAGE - P815 TUMOR CELL BINDING CAPACITY BY MAINSTREAM AND SIDESTREAM CIGARETTE SMOKE CONDENSATES. C.J. Waller and S.Fan. Bradley University, Peoria. 28 MEMBRANE FLUIDITY CHANGES AFFECT IN VITRO TRANSLOCATION OF HEAT-SHOCKED BARLEY ALEURONE ER DERIVED MICROSOMES. A.R, Wende and M.R. Brodl. Knox College, Galesburg. 29 HEAT SHOCK AND SECRETION IN PETUNIA TRANSMITTING TRACT CELLS AND BARLEY ALEURONE PROTOPLASTS. S. Navarrete and M.R. Brodl. Knox College, Galesburg. 30 EFFECTS OF HEAT SHOCK ON THE RATIO OF SECRETORY PROTEIN VERSUS NONSECRETORY PROTEIN VIA ISOLATIONS OF MEMBRANE-BOUND AND FREE POLYSOMES. S. Mahapatra and M.R. Brodl, Knox College, Galesburg. 31 APOPTOSIS PRECEDES NECROSIS OF VERO CELLS WITH MEASLES AND CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS INFECTION. D. Wegner. D. Hall and P. Wanda. Southern Illinois Univesity. Edwardsville. ISAS LUNCHEON AND BUSINESS MEETING 32 EXPRESSION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF RECOMBINANT SECRETIN. S.M. Uder and M.G. Bolvard. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 33 CENTRIN LOCALIZATION IN SIPUNCULAN CILIATED URNS. L.K. Dvbas. Knox College, Galesburg and H E. Buhse. Jr.. University of Illinois, Chicago. 34 MUCUS LOCALIZATION IN SIPUNCULAN CILIATED URNS AND URN SECRETORY TAILS. L.K.Dvbas. Knox College, Galesburg, and H.E. Buhse. Jr.. University of Illinois, Chicago. DIVISION BUSINESS MEETING Location: Lobby - Quad Cities Botanical Center 24 POSTER SESSION - Friday, April 7 5:00 - 6:00 PM POSTER # 116 CONSTRUCTION OF A BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION VECTOR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HUMAN FIBRINOGEN. L. Schwertman, S. Uder, M. Bolvard. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville and D. Farrell. Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Or. 117 THE ROLE OF CD29 AND CD49c IN VERO-ADAPTED CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS INFECTION OF VERO CELLS. T. Korves. M. Nickells and P. Wanda. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 118 AMMONIUM CHLORIDE INHIBITS CHANNEL CATFISH DISEASE VIRUS INDUCED CELL FUSION. A. Gamblin amd P. Wanda. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 1 1 9 EFFECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE ON NEOVASCULARIZATION IN THE RETINA. A.E. Bifero. Rush University. Chicago. CHEMISTRY DIVISION DIVISION CHAIR: Brad J. Andersh Department of Chemistry Bradley University Peoria, IL 61625 SESSION I - Friday, April 7 PRESIDING: Brad Andersh TIME PAPER# LOCATION: Room 402 1 :45 PM 35 CLASSROOM SCIENCE ACTIVITIES PROVIDE MORE THAN “GEE-WHIZ”: AN ASSESSMENT OF A HANDS-ON CHEMICAL REACTIONS MODULE. R.A. Wanke and K, Breinich. Augustana College, Rock Island. 2:00 PM 36 DIFFUSION STUDIES INVOLVING A FORM OF POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE. S B, Rupe and D.J. Campbell. Bradley University, Peoria. 25 2:15 PM 2:30 PM 2:45 PM 3:00 PM 3:15 PM 3:30 PM 3:45 PM 4:00 PM 4:15 PM 37 FRIEDEL-CRAFTS ALKYLATION: AN EXPERIMENT ILLUSTRATING SEVERAL REACTION PARAMETERS. S. Dini. R.L. Radee. K.R. Hood and K.W. Field. Bradley University, Peoria. 38 THE SYNTHESIS OF HETEROLEPTIC TETRAOCTANOATE DICOPPER (II) METALLOMESOGENS AND THE STRUCTURE- FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP OF MONOSUBSTITUTED CARBOXYLATE LIGANDS. T.W. Clayton and L.L. Anderson. Knox College, Galesburg. 39 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF UNIQUE CU (II) TRIS (BUTANOATE)(CARBOXYLATE). M. Rowe and T. W. Clayton. Knox College, Galesburg. 40 SILVER ION PROMOTED REACTIONS FOR THE ORGANIC LOBORATORY. K.W. Field. J.A. Moroz and J.L. Pellino. Bradley University, Peoria. 41 THE PREPARATION OF VINYL TRIFLATES CONTAINING HALOGEN ELECTRON WITHDRAWING GROUPS. J.A. Miller and C. David. Augustana College, Rock Island. 42 PREPARATION OF ACETONIDES FROM EPOXIDES. J.R. Kinder. R.J. Fitzpatrick and B. Andersh. Bradley University, Peoria. 43 SYNTHESIS OF CHIRAL, NONRACEMIC OXYGENATED COMPOUNDS VIA UTILIZATION OF A BIFUNCTIONAL CHIRAL AUXILIARY. D.M. Cermak and G.H. Hanson. Knox College, Galesburg. 44 FATTY ACID-INDUCED VESICLE FUSION. A. Schlein. J. Pellino and M.R. Fry, Bradley University, Peoria. 45 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AMINO TERMINAL « - HELICAL REGION OF THE ESCHERICHIA COLI GRPE HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN VIA DELETION MUTATION ANALYSIS. L.D. Heskett and A.Mehl. Knox College, Galesburg. 26 Location: Lobby - Quad Cities Botanical Center POSTER SESSION - Friday, April 7 5:00 - 6:00 PM POSTER # 1 20 SYNTHESIS OF [8,8-(1 ,3-DIOXOLANE) CAMPHORYL] SULFONYL OXAZIRIDINE. A.K. Goodenouqh and D.M. Cermak. Knox College, Galesburg. 121 THE EFFECT OF SIDE-STREAM CIGARETTE SMOKE ON LIPID PEROXIDATION IN MOUSE HEART AND LUNG TISSUE. M. Mitchell and M.R. Fry. Bradley University, Peoria. 122 DIVALENT CATION-INDUCED VESICLE FUSION. J. Pellino. A. Schlein and M.R. Fry. Bradley University. Peoria. COMPUTER SCIENCE DIVISION DIVISION CHAIR: Dennis M. DeVolder Department of Computer Science Western Illinois University Macomb, IL 61455 SESSION I - Friday, April 7 PRESIDING: Dennis DeVolder TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Room 305 3:15 PM 46 REDUCING COLLECTIVE COMMUNICATION COSTS IN MULTI-THREADED MESSAGE-PASSING APPLICATIONS. D.G. Solt. Western Illinois University, Macomb. 3:30 PM 47 TESTING SOFTWARE USED TO DETERMINE INTRAMUSCULAR FAT CONTENT IN SWINE FROM ULTRASOUND IMAGES. L.H.Tichenor, J.P. Carlson and B.A. Enqnall. Western Illinois University, Macomb. 3:45 PM 48 INCREASING GPS RAIM AVAILABILITY BY MEANS OF UDSRAIM AUGMENTATION. J.P. Bernick. Western Illinois University, Macomb. 27 4:00 PM 49 IMPROVING WAAS FOR SOLE-MEANS PRECISION APPROACH. J.P. Bernick and M B. Litman, Western Illinois University, Macomb. 4:15 PM 50 THIRD-PARTY HELP FOR CAI. T. Chen. R. Khan. B. Xian and D.DeVolder. Western Illinois University, Macomb. EARTH SCIENCE DIVISION DIVISION CHAIR: Vincent P. Gutowski Division of Geology & Geography Eastern Illinois University Charleston, IL 61920 SESSION I - Friday, April 7 PRESIDING: Vincent P. Gutowski TIME PAPER # LOCATION: To Be Announced 10:00 AM 51 THE USE OF DENDROCHRONOLOGY FOR DETERMINING MEANDER MIGRATION RATES ALONG THE EMBARRAS RIVER IN EAST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS. R.W. Finger. M.W. Stafford and V.P. Gutowski. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 10:15 AM 52 GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATES IN THE CENTRAL U.S.: 1994-1998. K.L.Baumann and V.P. Gutowski. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 28 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE DIVISION DIVISION CHAIR: James R. Rastorfer Department of Biological Sciences Chicago State University Chicago, IL 60628 SESSION I - Friday, April 7 PRESIDING: James Rastorfer TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Room 304 9:20 AM CALL TO ORDER AND ANNOUNCEMENTS 9:30 AM 53 URBAN SPRAWL: FARMLAND’S DEADLY ENEMY. C.H. Simonson. DeKalb. 9:45 AM 54 PASSIVE SAMPLING DEVICES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF SOIL CONTAMINANT RESIDUES. K.A. Johnson. C.C. Friedel and T.L.Kress, Southern Illinois University. Edwardsville. 10:00 AM 55 ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS FOR CADMIUM TOLERANCE IN PINUS TAEDA. J.L.J. Houois. M.J. Mehranfar. W.A. Retzlaff. E.J. Esselman, Southern Illinois University. Edwardsville. and J. Bozzola. Southern Illinois University. Carbondale. 10:15AM 56 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEAF ANATOMY AND OZONE SENSITIVITY OF PRUNUS SPP. A. Wilson. W.A. Retzlaff . Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, and V.S. Polito, University of California, Davis, CA. 10:30 AM 57 COMPARISON OF ABOVE GROUND PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY BETWEEN RESTORED AND NATIVE PRAIRIES. D.T. Fortes. Knox Colleae. Galesbura. 10:45 AM BREAK 11:00 AM 58 PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LOBLOLLY PINE FOR POTENTIAL USE IN ZINC REMEDIATION. B. Marchese. J.L.J. Houpis, K. Johnson. K. Schulz and M. Smith, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 29 11:15 AM 11:30 AM 11:45 AM 12:00 NOON 1:30 PM 1 :45 PM 2:00 PM 2:15 PM 2:30 PM 59 DIRECT EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF PINUS TAEDA (LOBLOLLY PINE). R. Sankaran. K.A. Johnson. J.L.J. Houpis and M. Smith. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 60 MEASURES OF CONTAMINANT BIOAVAILABILITY: A COMPARISON OF EARTHWORM BIOACCUMULATION AND PASSIVE SAMPLING DEVICE UPTAKE. T.L. Kress and K.A. Johnson. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 61 TOXICITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF DIELDRIN CONTAMINATED SOILS. C.C. Friedel and K.A. Johnson. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. ISAS LUNCHEON AND BUSINESS MEETING CALL TO ORDER, DIVISION BUSINESS MEETING 62 ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY IMPACTS ON BALD EAGLE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS ALONG THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER. K.J. McKay. J.W. Stravers. B.R. Conklin. U. Koniq and S. Hawks. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton. 63 MIDWESTERN RAPTOR POPULATION TRENDS AS DETERMINED BY FORTY YEARS OF CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT DATA. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and P C. Petersen. Quad City Audubon Society, Davenport, IA. 64 USING CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT DATA TO MONITOR POPULATIONS OF ICTERIDS AND SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH HUMANS. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and P.C. Petersen. Quad City Audubon Society, Davenpost, IA. 65 AVIAN MONITORING AND SPRING MIGRATION RESPONSE TO THE 1993 FLOOD ON MARK TWAIN NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, P.C. Petersen. Quad City Audubon Society, Davenport, IA., J.P. Quinlivan and M S. Bornstein. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wapello, IA. 30 2:45 PM 66 CRITICAL TRENDS IN ILLINOIS STREAM HEALTH USING AN EPHEMEROPTERA, PLECOPTERA, AND TRICHOPTERA (EPT) SPECIES ASSEMBLAGE. R E. DeWalt. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign. 3:00 PM BREAK 3:15 PM 67 ANURAN DIVERSITY AND POPULATION TRENDS IN EASTCENTRAL IOWA FROM 1993-1996. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, 3:30 PM 68 DECLINE OF SALAMANDER POPULATIONS DUE TO THE GREAT FLOOD OF 1993? P.E. Brunkow. J.L. Badasch and P.A. Herman, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 3:45 PM 69 CYCLING OF MANGANESE AND SULFIDE IN COUGAR LAKE (MADISON COUNTY, IL). T.L.Demina. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 4:00 PM 70 PHOSPHORUS AND EUTROPHICATION IN COUGAR LAKE, MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. C. Rieaer. R. Bruqam. A. Stueber and K. Johnson, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 4: 1 5 PM 71 MOSSES OF THE IRONS OAKS ENVIRONMENTAL LEARNING CENTER, COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS. J.R. Rastorfer. L.K. Myers and A. Moore. Chicago State University, Chicago. 4:30 PM BUSINESS MEEETING (Continued) POSTER SESSION - Friday. April 7 Location: Lobby - 5:00 - 6:00 PM Quad Cities Botanical Center POSTER # 123 DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENT OF INTERNET ACCESSIBLE REMOTE SENSING NETWORKS WITHIN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM. S.M. Cartv and J.F. Edmiston. Quincy University, Quincy. 124 FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY IN FISH FROM A LEAD- CONTAMINATED OZARK STREAM. P.A. Herman and P E. Brunkow. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. BREEDING SEASON ANURAN MONITORING AND DISTRIBUTION AT TWO UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODPLAIN SITES. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and J.P. Quinlivan and M S. Bornstein. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wapello, IA. SEASONAL TIMING OF FROG AND TOAD BREEDING ACTIVITY IN EASTERN IOWA. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton. ALTERING FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANS TO ACCOMMODATE RARE OR ENDANGERED SPECIES - A POSITIVE EXAMPLE AND APPROACH. K.J. McKay and J.W. Stravers, Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and G.V. Swenson and C.J. Kohrt. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pleasant Valley, IA. INFLUENCE OF FORAGING PERCH HABITAT ON BALD EAGLES IN WESTCENTRAL ILLINOIS. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and G.M. Quartucci. Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Hammond, IN. INFLUENCE OF ICE COVER ON BALD EAGLE DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER REGION. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and G.M. Quartucci. Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Hammond, IN. A COMPARISON OF AVIFAUNAL MONITORING USING POINT COUNT AND RANDOM AREA SEARCH METHODS. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and M.S. Bornstein and J.P. Quinlivan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wapello, IA. AVIAN SURVEY OF THE SAVANNA ORDNANCE DEPOT BOTTOMLANDS - AN UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODPLAIN SITE. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and P.C. Petersen and B.L. Blevins. Quad City Audubon Society, Davenport, IA. SUMMARY OF RED-SHOULDERED HAWK REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS ALONG THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY, 1983-1997. K.J. McKay and J.W. Stravers. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and G.V. Swenson and C.J. Kohrt. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pleasant Valley, IA. 32 133 RED-SHOULDERED HAWK NESTING ACTIVITY AND FLOODPLAIN FOREST TIMBER HARVESTING - ARE THEY COMPATIBLE? K.J. McKay and J.W. Stravers. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and G.V. Swenson and C.J. Kohrt, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pleasant Valley, IA. HEALTH SCIENCES DIVISION DIVISION CHAIR: Dennis J. Kitz Department of Biological Sciences Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, IL 62026-1651 SESSION I - Friday. April 7 PRESIDING: Dennis Kitz TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Room 402 9:30 AM 72 FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY OF HUMAN PLATELETS. M S. Richards. P.T. Zvkan. D.N. Mehta and D.J. Kitz. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 9:45 AM 73 THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY OLESTRA ON RAT SERUM AND LIVER FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMIN CONCENTRATIONS AND LIVER ULTRASTRUCTURE. A.K. Snvder. Knox College, Galesburg. 1 0:00 AM 74 SEASONALITY OF BIRTH IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OR HEAD & NECK NEOPLASIAS. A.G. Amador. G. Eckert. K. Larbv. and J.K. Hartsfield, Jr. Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN. 10:15 AM 75 GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES (GST) GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL, PHARYNGEAL & LARYNGEAL CANCERS (OPLCA). A.G. Amador. P.D. Riqhi. S.Radpour. E.T. Everett. E. Weisberqer. M. Lanqer. G. Eckert. A.G. Christen, S. Campbell. D.J. Summerlin and J.K. Hartsfield. Jr.. Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN. 33 10:30 AM 76 MICROSOMAL EPOXIDE HYDROLASE ( EPHXI ) GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL, PHARYNGEAL & LARYNGEAL CANCERS (OPLCA). A.G. Amador. P.D. Riqhi, S. Radpour. E.T. Everett. E. Weisberqer. M. Lanqer. G. Eckert. A.G. Christen. S. Campbell. D.J. Summerlin, and J.K. Hartsfield, Jr.. Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN. 10:45 AM DIVISION BUSINESS MEETING POSTER SESSION - Friday. April 7 Location: Lobby - 5:00 - 6:00 PM Quad Cities Botanical Center POSTER # 134 AMINOCYCLITOL ANTIBIOTICS INFLUENCE MURINE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY. D.N. Mehta. E.J. Wonnacott. M.S. Richards. R.J. Caruso. S.C. Lee and D.J. Kitz. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 1 35 MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS INFLUENCE MURINE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY. P.T. Zvkan. M.S. Richards. J.D. Clark. N.L. Lang. S. Jubinski. Jr.. S.E. Klunk and D.J. Kitz. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 1 36 EFFECT OF THEOPHYLLINE ON THE VENTILATORY RESPONSE TO C02 IN NEWBORN RATS. J.D. Vala. J.A. Hildebrand, and K.L. McGilliard. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 1 37 EFFECT OF ORAL CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON CONTRACTILITY OF THE RAT DIAPHRAGM. R.J. Balch. S.S. Stefanoski and K.L. McGilliard, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 1 38 RATES OF PLASMA CAFFEINE UPTAKE FROM DIFFERENT DELIVERY VEHICLES. M.J, Stepanskv and P.M.KIinaensmith. Governors State University, University Park. 34 MICROBIOLOGY DIVISION CHAIR: Dara L. Wegman-Geedey Department of Biology Augustana College Rock Island, IL 61202 SESSION I - Friday, April 7 PRESIDING: Dara Wegman-Geedey TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Room 203 2:15 PM 77 BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL BIOCONVERSION OF OLEIC ACID TO POTENTIAL VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS. S. Matkovich. S. Jonq-Hvun. J.K. Huang. K. Keudell and R. Gessner. Western Illinois University, Macomb. 2:30 PM 78 IDENTIFYING THE POTENTIAL FOR THE CHYTRID FUNGUS IN AMPHIBIAN SPECIES IN NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS. A, Sadlonova. Augustana College, Rock Island. 2:45 PM 79 MOLD SPORE OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION INSIDE AND OUTSIDE A CLASSROOM BUILDING. A.M. Augustine and R.V. Gessner. Western Illinois University, Macomb. 3:00 PM BREAK 3:15 PM 80 EVALUATION OF COLIFORM CONTAMINATION OF TOOTHBRUSHES AS A FUNCTION OF STORAGE AND HANDLING. N.M. Gifford, S.K. Harvey and D.L. Wegman- Geedey. Augustana College, Rock Island. 3:30 PM 81 MULTILOCUS ENZYME ANALYSIS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS FROM CALVES. Z.Halloran. P. MadeGowda and K. Keudell. Western Illinois University, Macomb. 3:45 PM DIVISION BUSINESS MEETING POSTER SESSION - Friday, April 7 5:00 - 6:00 PM Location: Lobby - Quad Cities Botanical Center 35 POSTER # 1 39 ADDITIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRESENCE OF COLIFORMS ON TOOTHBRUSHES. K.M. Rankin. A. Krier. K.M. Mester and D.L. Weqman-Geedev. Augustana College, Rock Island. SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION DIVISION DIVISION CHAIR: James A. McGaughey Department of Biological Sciences Eastern Illinois University Charleston, IL 61920 SESSION I - Friday, April 7 PRESIDING: James McGauohev TIME PAPER# LOCATION: To Be Announced 1 1 :00 AM 82 MOTIVATING STUDENTS IN SCIENCE, MATH AND TECHNOLOGY IS A CHALLENGING TASK. R.N. Woll. N. Woll and Company, San Jose. 11:15AM 83 LEGO UNIT CELL MODELS. M.K. Querns and D.J. Campbell. Bradley Univesity, Peoria, and B.A. Socie and A.B. Ellis. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl. 11:30 AM 84 IMPACT OF WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITY ON RECREATIONAL VALUE OF INTERSTATE BORROW PITS. J.A. McGaughey. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. Location: Lobby - Quad Cities Botanical Center 36 POSTER SESSION - Friday. April 7 5:00 - 6:00 PM POSTER # 140 USING A HISTORICALLY RICH CURRICULUM AND PAIRED PROBLEM SOLVING TO TEACH THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION. S.B. Hager. Augustana College, Rock Island. 141 PUZZLE: INTEGRATED LEARNING FOR THE MODERN CLASSROOM. R. Schlinamann and D, Jedlicka. School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago. 142 EARTHWORM CROP-GIZZARD, A NODEL SMOOTH MUSCLE. K.G. Krainiak and R.W. Klohr, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 143 LEARNING STYLES OF NURSING STUDENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO SUCCESS IN CHEMISTRY. R.J. Van Lanen. N.M. Lockie and T. McGannon. Saint Xavier University, Chicago. ZOOLOGY DIVISION DIVISION CHAIR: Robert U. Fischer, Jr. Department of Biological Sciences Eastern Illinois University Charleston, IL 61920 SESSION I - Friday, April 7 PRESIDING: Robert U. Fischer, Jr. TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Room 203 9:15 AM 85 THE EFFECTS OF HABITAT FRAGMENTATION ON ILLINOIS STREAM FISH COMMUNITIES. R.U. Fischer and K. Popp. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 37 9:30 AM 9:45 AM 10:00 AM 10:15 AM 10:30 AM 10:45 AM 11:00 AM 11:15 AM 11:30 AM 86 OPTIMAL EGG THEORY AND VARIATION IN REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT IN THE RED-EARED SLIDER (TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA ELEGANS). J.K. Tucker. Illinois Natural History Survey, Brighton. 87 MATING BEHAVIOR AND INTRASEXUAL SELECTION IN THE WOLF SPIDER PARDOSA MILVINA (ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE). C. Allard and M. Robertson. Millikin University, Decatur. 88 CONTAMINATION OF PUBLIC HUNTING AREAS BY SPENT LEAD SHOT. C. Coon and T. Nelson. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 89 EARLY SEASON BASKING IN THE RED-EARED SLIDER, TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA. A.R. Kuhns. Illinois State University, Normal, and M.J. Dreslik, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign. 90 JUMPING SPIDERS (ARANEAE:SALTICIDAE): OBLIGATE OR FACULTATIVE PREDATORS? M. Vickers. M.W. Robertson, and J. St. James. Millikin University, Decatur. 91 PRERDATION ON ARTIFICIAL GROUND NESTS IN RELATION TO EDGE TYPE: A COMPARISON OF FOREST-AGRICULTURE, FOREST-GRASSLAND, AND FOREST-LAKE EDGES. D. Reding and E.K. Bollinger. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 92 MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON ALONG A RESERVOIR GRADIENT. C.L. Pederson and C.A. Long. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 93 FORELIMB PREFERENCE DURING PREY CAPTURE IN THE FIRST FOUR INSTARS OF THE CHINESE MANTIDS, TENODERA ARIDIFOLIA SINENSIS (MANTODEA: MANTIDAE). J.N. Steed. M.W. Robertson and J. St. James. Millikin University, Decatur. 94 REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OCCUPYING A DISTURBED SAND PRAIRIE HABITAT. J.K. Tucker and R.J. Cosqriff. Illinois Natural History Survey, Brighton. 38 POSTER SESSION - Friday. April 7 Location: Lobby - 5:00 - 6:00 PM Quad Cities Botanical Center POSTER # 1 44 DETERMINING THE SOCIAL HIERARCHY OF A CAPTIVE POPULATION OF SCARLET MACAWS: AN EXERCISE IN ANIMAL BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH. K. Larson. Augustana College, Rock Island. 145 THE EFFECTS OF 8-OH-DPAT AND METHYSERGIDE ON THE ISOLATED EARTHWORM GUT. R.W. Klohr and K.G. Krainiak. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 146 INVENTORY OF THE INVERTEBRATES OCCUPYING A WETLAND/SAND PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM. R.J. Cosariff and J.K. Tucker, Illinois Natural History Survey, Brighton. 147 DETERMINING RELATIONSHIP WITHIN A COMMUNITY OF RED RUFFED LEMURS ( LEMUR VARIEGATES RUBRA) THROUGH BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS. S.K. Sylvester and D.M.Jedlicka. School of the Art Institute, Chicago. 148 CHARACTERISTICS OF CAVITY TREES USED BY SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS. C. Hiaains and T. Nelson. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 149 DEMOGRAPHICS AND MOVEMENTS OF CHIPMUNKS IN A FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE. L. Rule and T. Nelson. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 150 A HISTORICAL VERTEBRATE SPECIES LIST OF THE GREEN OAKS FIELD STATION, KNOX COUNTY, ILLINOIS. M.J. Mever and E M. Gerlach. Knox College, Galesburg. 151 ASSESSING THE RELIABILITY OF FROG MALFORMATION DATA FROM AN ONLINE WEBSITE. T.M. Fuller. Augustana College, Rock Island. 1 52 A STUDY OF FROG MALFORMATIONS AT GREEN WING ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY, AMBOY, ILLINOIS. T.M. Fuller and S.B. Hager. Augustana College, Rock Island. 39 153 THE DETERMINATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GROWTH CYCLE OF IN VITRO CULTIVATED EMU FIBROBLAST CELLS. D.A. Sorrentino and P.J. Nielsen. Western Illinois University, Macomb. 154 EFFECTS OF RIPARIAN ZONE FRAGMENTATION ON PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND FISH GROWTH RATES. K. Kirkham and R.U. Fischer. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 1 55 BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS OF CAPTIVE AFRICAN LIONS (Panthera leo krugeri). O.J. Reynolds and D.M. Jedlicka. School of the Art Institute, Chicago. 156 BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE SECRETARY BIRD (Saggittarius serpentarius). O.J. Reynolds and D.M. Jedlicka. School of the Art Institute, Chicago. 40 POSTER SESSION Friday. April 7 Lobby 5:00 - 6:00 PM Quad Cities Botanical Center POSTER # 95 THE EFFECTS OF BONZI AND B-NINE, GROWTH INHIBITORS, ON ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA AND ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA. PM.Buckert and T.S. Fowler, Western Illinois University, Macomb. 96 SCARIFICATION OF STYLISMA PICKERINGII (PATTERSON BINDWEED) SEEDS USING DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES. B.L. Todd. J.M. Coons and H R. Owen. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 97 SEED PRODUCTION AND GERMINATION OF ASTRAGALUS CRASSICARPUS VAR TRICHOCALYX. K.R. Lackey. J.M. Coons. H.R. Owen and J.E. Ebinqer. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 98 PRAIRIE RESTORATIONS AT ROCK SPRINGS ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER, DECATUR, ILLINOIS. J.A. Ward. G.C. Tucker and J.E. Ebinqer. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 99 PHOTOPERIOD IMPACT ON LATERAL SHOOT GROWTH IN STYLISMA PICKERINGII. A.J. Kerber. H.R. Owen and J.M. Coons. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. 100 DISTRIBUTION AND SURVIVORSHIP OF A LOWLAND COSTA RICAN RAIN FOREST TREE, ANAXAGOREA CRASSIPETALA. K.M. Jaskowiak. S.A. Juliano and J.E. Armstrong. Illinois State University, Normal. 101 EFFECTS OF SOIL NUTRIENTS AND pH ON SPECIES RICHNESS IN A LOWLAND OLD FIELD IN CARBONDALE, IL. S.Y. Emmert, B.A. Middleton and D.J. Gibson. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. 102 VEGETATION SURVEY OF THOMPSON WOODS, JACKSON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. T.R. Miller.Jr. and M.A. Basinger. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. 41 103 STATUS OF CIMICIFUGA RUBIFOLIA KEARNEY IN ILLINOIS. T. R.Miller, Jr.. S.Y. Emmert, T.H. Johnson and P.A. Robertson. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. 1 04 TRANSLOCATION OF HERBICIDE AMONG CLONAL SPECIES. J.T.Bitner and E.J. Esselman. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 105 THE INCREASE OF ASIMINA TRILOBA (L.) DUNAL (PAWPAW) IN THE PRAIRIE PENNINSULA OF ILLINOIS. R.L. Larimore and J.E. Ebinqer, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign. 106 VEGETATIONAL CHANGE IN A RESTORED PRAIRIE. T.L. Crispino and R.C. Anderson. Illinois State University, Normal. 107 PRESETTLEMENT VEGETATION PATTERNS ALONG THE AMERICAN BOTTOMS AND ADJACENT UPLANDS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. K. McKeever. J.C. Nelson. R.J. Cosqriff. and J.K. Tucker. Illinois Natural History Survey Great Rivers Field Station, Brighton and T, George and F T. Norris. St. Louis District U. S.Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis, MO. 108 THE EFFECT OF VEGETATIVE SIZE ON SEED GERMINATION AND VIABILITY IN BOLTONIA DECURRENS. T. Parker and ]VL Smith. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 1 09 EXAMINATION OF ISOZYME DIVERSITY WITHIN AND BETWEEN POPULATIONS OF HYMENOXYS HERBACEA (E.L. GREENE) CUSICK = H. ACAULISV AR. GLABRA (LAKESIDE DAISY). E.J. Esselman. D.J. Crawford and J.A. Windus. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 110 THE INFLUENCE OF SIZE ON ROSETTE SURVIVAL: A LIFE STAGE DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE RARE WETLAND PLANT, BOLTONIA DECURRENS. T. Cochran and M. Smith. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 1 1 1 EFFECTS OF LIGHT REGIME AND DENSITY ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF BOLTONIA DECURRENS. X. Wang and M. Smith. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 112 SEED BANK ECOLOGY OF BUTTERFIELD CREEK WATERSHED ALONG OLD PLANK ROAD TRAIL. M S. Lake. P. Gunther. D.C. Grossi and H.L. Bauer. Governors State University, University Park. OCCURRENCE OF MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS IN OPUNTIA HUMIFUSA IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS. S. Whitcomb and W.J. Sundberq. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE FLESHY, NON- RESUPINATE JELLY FUNGI OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS. HA Sebbv. D.M. Minnis. and W.J. Sundberq. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. ASSESSMENT OF HABITAT AVAILABILITY FOR BOLTONIA DECURRENS, A THREATENED FLOODPLAIN SPECIES, USING A GIS. P.A. Mettler, B. Rizzo and B. Middleton, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale and M. Smith, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. CONSTRUCTION OF A BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION VECTOR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HUMAN FIBRINOGEN. L, Schwertman, S. Uder, M. Bolvard, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville and D. Farrell. Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Or. THE ROLE OF CD29 AND CD49c IN VERO-ADAPTED CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS INFECTION OF VERO CELLS. T. Korves. M. Nickells and P. Wanda. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. AMMONIUM CHLORIDE INHIBITS CHANNEL CATFISH DISEASE VIRUS INDUCED CELL FUSION. A. Gamblin amd P. Wanda. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. EFFECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE ON NEOVASCULARIZATION IN THE RETINA. A.E. Bifero. Rush University. Chicago. SYNTHESIS OF [8,8-(1,3-DIOXOLANE) CAMPHORYL] SULFONYL OXAZIRIDINE. A.K. Goodenouah and D.M. Cermak. Knox College, Galesburg. THE EFFECT OF SIDE-STREAM CIGARETTE SMOKE ON LIPID PEROXIDATION IN MOUSE HEART AND LUNG TISSUE. M. Mitchell and M.R. Fry. Bradley University, Peoria. DIVALENT CATION-INDUCED VESICLE FUSION. J, Pellino. A. Schlein and M.R. Fry. Bradley University. Peoria. 43 123 DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENT OF INTERNET ACCESSIBLE REMOTE SENSING NETWORKS WITHIN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM. S.M. Cartv and J.F. Edmiston. Quincy University, Quincy. 124 FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY IN FISH FROM A LEAD- CONTAMINATED OZARK STREAM. P.A. Herman and P.E. Brunkow. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. 1 25 BREEDING SEASON ANURAN MONITORING AND DISTRIBUTION AT TWO UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODPLAIN SITES. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and J.P. Quinlivan and M.S. Bornstein. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wapello, IA. 126 SEASONAL TIMING OF FROG AND TOAD BREEDING ACTIVITY IN EASTERN IOWA. K.J. McKay, Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton. 127 ALTERING FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANS TO ACCOMMODATE RARE OR ENDANGERED SPECIES - A POSITIVE EXAMPLE AND APPROACH. K.J. McKay and J.W. Stravers. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and G.V. Swenson and C.J. Kohrt, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pleasant Valley, IA. 128 INFLUENCE OF FORAGING PERCH HABITAT ON BALD EAGLES IN WESTCENTRAL ILLINOIS. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and G.M. Quartucci. Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Hammond, IN. 129 INFLUENCE OF ICE COVER ON BALD EAGLE DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER REGION. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and G.M. Quartucci, Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Hammond, IN. 1 30 A COMPARISON OF AVIFAUNAL MONITORING USING POINT COUNT AND RANDOM AREA SEARCH METHODS. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and M.S. Bornstein and J.P. Quinlivan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wapello, IA. AVIAN SURVEY OF THE SAVANNA ORDNANCE DEPOT BOTTOMLANDS - AN UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODPLAIN SITE. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and P C. Petersen and B.L. Blevins. Quad City Audubon Society, Davenport, IA. SUMMARY OF RED-SHOULDERED HAWK REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS ALONG THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY, 1983-1997. K.J. McKay and J.W. Stravers, Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and G.V. Swenson and C.J. Kohrt, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pleasant Valley, IA. RED-SHOULDERED HAWK NESTING ACTIVITY AND FLOODPLAIN FOREST TIMBER HARVESTING - ARE THEY COMPATIBLE? K.J. McKay and J.W. Stravers. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, and G.V. Swenson and C.J. Kohrt. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pleasant Valley, IA. AMINOCYCLITOL ANTIBIOTICS INFLUENCE MURINE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY. D.N. Mehta. E.J. Wonnacott, M.S. Richards, R.J. Caruso. S.C. Lee and D.J. Kitz. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS INFLUENCE MURINE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY. P.T. Zvkan. M.S. Richards. J.D. Clark. N.L. Lang. S. Jubinski. Jr.. S.E. Klunk and D.J. Kitz, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. EFFECT OF THEOPHYLLINE ON THE VENTILATORY RESPONSE TO CO2 IN NEWBORN RATS. J.D. Vala. J.A. Hildebrand, and K.L. McGilliard. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. EFFECT OF ORAL CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON CONTRACTILITY OF THE RAT DIAPHRAGM. R.J. Balch. S.S. Stefanoski and K.L. McGilliard. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. RATES OF PLASMA CAFFEINE UPTAKE FROM DIFFERENT DELIVERY VEHICLES. M.J. Stepanskv and P.M.KIinqensmith. Governors State University, University Park. 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 45 ADDITIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRESENCE OF COLIFORMS ON TOOTHBRUSHES. K.M. Rankin. A. Krier. K.M. Mester and D.L. Weqman-Geedev. Augustana College, Rock Island. USING A HISTORICALLY RICH CURRICULUM AND PAIRED PROBLEM SOLVING TO TEACH THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION. S.B. Hager. Augustana College, Rock Island. PUZZLE: INTEGRATED LEARNING FOR THE MODERN CLASSROOM. R. Schlinqmann and D. Jedlicka, School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago. EARTHWORM CROP-GIZZARD, A NODEL SMOOTH MUSCLE. K.G. Krainiak and R.W. Klohr. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. LEARNING STYLES OF NURSING STUDENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO SUCCESS IN CHEMISTRY. R.J. Van Lanen. N.M. Lockie and T. McGannon. Saint Xavier University, Chicago. DETERMINING THE SOCIAL HIERARCHY OF A CAPTIVE POPULATION OF SCARLET MACAWS: AN EXERCISE IN ANIMAL BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH. K. Larson. Augustana College, Rock Island. THE EFFECTS OF 8-OH-DPAT AND METHYSERGIDE ON THE ISOLATED EARTHWORM GUT. R.W. Klohr and K.G. Krainiak. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. INVENTORY OF THE INVERTEBRATES OCCUPYING A WETLAND/SAND PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM. R.J. Cosariff and J.K. Tucker. Illinois Natural History Survey, Brighton. DETERMINING RELATIONSHIP WITHIN A COMMUNITY OF RED RUFFED LEMURS ( LEMUR VARIEGATES RUBRA) THROUGH BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS. S.K. Sylvester and D.M.Jedlicka. School of the Art Institute, Chicago. CHARACTERISTICS OF CAVITY TREES USED BY SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS. C. Higgins and T. Nelson. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. DEMOGRAPHICS AND MOVEMENTS OF CHIPMUNKS IN A FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE. L. Rule and T. Nelson, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. A HISTORICAL VERTEBRATE SPECIES LIST OF THE GREEN OAKS FIELD STATION, KNOX COUNTY, ILLINOIS. M.J. Mever and E.M. Gerlach, Knox College, Galesburg. ASSESSING THE RELIABILITY OF FROG MALFORMATION DATA FROM AN ONLINE WEBSITE. T.M. Fuller. Augustana College, Rock Island. A STUDY OF FROG MALFORMATIONS AT GREEN WING ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY, AMBOY, ILLINOIS. T.M. Fuller and S.B. Hager. Augustana College, Rock Island. THE DETERMINATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GROWTH CYCLE OF IN VITRO CULTIVATED EMU FIBROBLAST CELLS. D.A. Sorrentino and P.J. Nielsen. Western Illinois University, Macomb. EFFECTS OF RIPARIAN ZONE FRAGMENTATION ON PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND FISH GROWTH RATES. K. Kirkham and R.U. Fischer. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston. BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS OF CAPTIVE AFRICAN LIONS (Panthera leo krugeri). O.J. Reynolds and D.M. Jedlicka. School of the Art Institute, Chicago. BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE SECRETARY BIRD (Saggittarius serpentarius). O.J. Reynolds and D.M. Jedlicka. School of the Art Institute, Chicago. AUTHOR INDEX 4 7 AUTHOR ABSTRACT # AUTHOR ABSTRACT # Allard, C. 87 Davis, C. 41 Amador, A.G. 74,75,76 Deming, T.L. 69 Ammann, S. 15,20 DeVolder, D. 50 Andersh, B. 42 Dewalt, R.E. 66 Anderson, L. 38 Dini, S. 37 Anderson, M.R. 3,24 Dreslik, M.J. 89 Anderson, R. 5 DuFrain, C.T. 12 Anderson, R.C. 4,8,21,106 Dybas, L.K. 33,34 Armstrong, J.E. 100 Augustine, A.M. 79 Ebinger, J.E. 1,2, 3, 6, 18,19,97 98,105 Badasch, J.L. 68 Eckert, G. 74,75,76 Balch, R.J. 137 Edgin, B.R. 18 Basinger, M.A. 22,102 Edmiston, J.F. 123 Bauer, H.L. 112 Ellis, A.B . 83 Baumann, K.L. 52 Emmert, S.Y. 101,103 Bernick, J.P. 48.49 Engnall, B.A. 47 Bifero, A.E. 119 Esselman, E.J. 14,55 ,104,109 Bitner, J.T. 104 Everett, E.T. 75,76 Blevins, B.L. 131 Bollinger, E.K. 91 Fan, S. 27 Bolyard, M.G. 32,116 Farrell, D. 116 Bornstein, M.S. 65,125,130 Field, K.W. 37,40 Bozzola, J. 55 Finger, R.W. 51 Breinich, K. 35 Fischer, R.U. 85,154 Brodl, M.R. 25,26,28,29,30 Fitzpatrick, R.J. 42 Brugam, R. 70 Fortes, D.T. 57 Brunkow, P.E. 68,124 Fowler, T.S. 95 Buckert, P.M. 95 Franken, K,M. 12 Buhse , Jr . ,H . E . 33,34 Friedel, C.C. 54,61 Burdsall, J.H. 7 Fry, M.R. 44 ,121,122 Fuller, T.M. 151,152 Campbell, D.J. 36,83 Campbell, S. 75,76 Gamblin, A. 118 Carlson, J.P. 47 Gann , V . 16 Carty, S.M. 123 Garske, S. 17 Caruso, R.J. 134 George, T. 107 Cermak, D.M. 43,120 Gerlach, E.M. 150 Chen, T. 50 Gessner, R.V. 77,79 Clark, J.D. 135 Gibson, D.J. 101 Clayton, T.W. 38,39 Gifford, N.M. 80 Christen, A.G. 75,76 Goodenough, A.K. 120 Cochran, T. 110 Grossi, C. 112 Conklin, B.R. 62 Gunther, P. 112 Coon, C. 88 Gutowski, V.P. 51,52 Coons, J.M. 9,12,96,97,99 Cosgriff, R.J. 94,107,146 Hager, S.B. 140,152 Crawford, D.J. 109 Hall, D. 31 Crispino, T.L. 106 Halloran, Z. 81 Handel, W.C. 6 Hanson, G.H. 43 48 AUTHOR Hartsf ield , Jr . Harvey, S.K. Hawks , S . Heisler, C.J. Herman, P.A. Heskett, L.D. Higgins, C. Hildebrand, J.A. Hood, K.R. Horn, S. Houpis, J.L.J. Huang, J.K. Jaskowiak, K.M. Jedlicka, D.M. Johnson, K.A. 54 Johnson, T.H. Jong-Hyun, S. Jubinski , Jr . , S . Juliano, S.A. Kahl , K. Kerber, A.J. Keudell, K. Khan, R. Kinder, J.R. Kirk, C. Kirkham, K. Kit z , D . J . KLingensmith , P.l Klunk, S.E. Klohr, R.W. Kohrt, C.J. Konig, U. Korves, T. Krajniak, K.G. Kress, T.L. Krier, A. Kuhns, A.R. Lackey, K.R. LaGesse, V.L. Lake, M.S. Lang, N.L. Langer, M. Larby, K. Larimore, R.L. Larson, K. Lee, S.C. Litman, M.B. Lockie, N.M. Loew, S.S. Long, C . A. Lucas, J.R. AUTHOR INDEX ABSTRACT # AUTHOR ABSTRACT # 74,75,76 Maden, A.R. 13 80 MadeGowda, P. 81 62 Mahapatra, S. 30 9 Marchese, B. 58 68,124 Marzalik, J.M. 23 45 Matkovich, S. 77 148 Mattson, W. 16 136 McClain, W.E. 1,18,19 37 McGannon, T. 143 20, 6 McGaughey, J.A. 84 55,58,59 McGilliard, K.L. 136,137 77 McKay, K.J. 62 ,63,64,65,67, 125 126 ,127,128 ,129,130 147 100 131 ,132,133 ,155,156 McKeever, K. 107 59, 60,61,70 Mehl, A.* 45 103 Mehranfar, M.J. 55 77 Mehta, D.N. 72,134 135 Mendelson, S.J. 25 100 Mester, K.M. 139 Mettler, P.A. 20,115 16,17 Meyer, M.J. 150 99 Middleton, B.A. 101,115 77,81 Miller, J.A. 41 50 Miller , Jr . ,T.R. 102,103 42 Minnis, D.M. 114 21 Mitchell, M. 121 154 Moore, A. 71 72 ,134,135 Moorehouse, A.C. 1 138 Moroz, J.A. 40 135 Myers, C.V. 8 142,145 Myers, L.K. 71 127 ,132,133 62 117 Nauertz, E. 16,17 142,145 Navarrete, S. 29 54,60 Nelson, D.L. 4 139 Nelson, J.C. 107 89 Nelson, R.F. 26 Nelson, T. 88, 148,149 97 Nickells, M. 117 19 Nielsen, P.J. 153 112 Norris, F.T. 107 135 Nyberg, D.W. 23 75,76 74 Parker, N. 15 105 Parker, T. 108 144 Pederson, C.L. 92 134 Pellino, J.L. 40 ,44,122 49 Petersen, P.C. 63,64 ,65,131 143 Phillippe, L.R. 6 24 Polito, V.S. 56 92 Popp, K. 85 10 Querns, M.K. 83 Quinlivan, J.P. 65,125, 128,129 1 30 AUTHOR INDEX 49 AUTHOR ABSTRACT # AUTHOR ABSTRACT # Radee, R.L. 37 Uder, S.M. 32,116 Radpour, S. 75,76 Rankin, K.M. 139 Vala, J.D. 136 Rastorfer, J.R. 71 Van Lanen, R.J. 143 Reding, D. 91 Vickers, M. 90 Renzaglia, K.S. 10,13 Retzlaff, W.A. 55,56 Waller, C.J. 27 Reynolds, O.J. 155,156 Wanda, P. 31,117,118 Ribes, L. 11 Wang, X. 111 Richards, H.S. 72,134,135 Wanke , R.A. 35 Rieger, C. 70 Ward, J.A. 98 Righi, P.D. 75,76 Wegman-Geedey , D. 80,139 Rizzo, B. 115 Wegner, D. 31 Robertson, M.A. 87,90,93 Weisberger, E. 75,76 Robertson, P.A. 103 Wende, A.R. 28 Rowe , M . 39 Whitcomb, S. 113 Rule, L. 149 Wilson, A. 56 Rupe, S.B. 36 Windus, J.A. 109 Woll , R.N . 82 Sadlonova, A. 78 Wonnacott, E.J. 134 Sankaran, R. 59 Schlein, A. 44,122 Xian, B. 50 Schlingmann, R.. 141 Schuette, S.W. 13 Zasada, J. 16,17 Schulz, K. 16,17,58 Zykan, P.T. 72,135 Schwegman, J. 5 Schwertman, L. 116 Sebby, H.A. 114 Shaffer, C. 15 Simonson, C.H. 53 Smith, E.L. 12 Smith, F.M. 14 Smith, M. 7,11, 15,20,58,59,108 110,111,115 Snyder, A.K. 73 Socie, B.A. 83 Solt , D.G. 46 Sorrentino, D.A. 153 St. James, J. 90,93 Stafford, M.W. 51 Steed, J.N. 93 Stefanoski, S.S. 137 Stepansky, M.J. 138 Stravers, J.W. 62,127,132,133 Stueber, A. 70 Summerlin, D.J. 75.76 Sundberg, W.J. 113,114 Swenson, G.V. 127,132,133 Sylvester, S.K. 147 Tichenor, L.H. 47 Todd, B.L. 96 Tofari, S.M. 14 Tucker, G.C. 2,98 Tucker, J.K. 86,94,197,146 50 ABSTRACTS i DISAPPEARANCE OF A LOESS HILL PRAIRIE IN HENDERSON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. E. McClain1. A. C. Moorehouse1 , and J.E. Ebinger. 'Illinois Department of Natural Resources, 524 S. 2nd St., Springfield, IL 62701, and :Emcritus Professor of Botany, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. In July of 1976, Hulsebus Hill Prairie, a 0. 16 hectare loess hill prairie on the bluffs of the Mississippi River, had a ground layer consisting of Schizcichyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash (little bluestem), Bouteloua curtipendulci (Michx.) Torr. (Side-oats grama), Dalec, Candida Michx. (white prairie clover), and other prairie plants. In October of 1997, the hillside was overgrown with woody vegetation and the prairie community had completely disappeared. The ground layer vegetation had changed to Eupatorium rugosum Houttuyn (white snakeroot) and Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze (poison ivy). In the future, small, unmanaged prairies will continue to be converted to forest, and larger hill prairies will be greatly diminished in size, resulting in a tremendous loss of floral and faunal biodiversity in Illinois. A critical need exists for restoration procedures that will reverse or remediate woody invasion, and efforts to recreate hill prairies need to be implemented. 2 STATUS OF THE HYBRID OAK TAXA QUERCUS X LEANA AND Q. X RUNCINATA IN ILLINOIS. G.C. Tucker and J.E. Ebincrer , Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Oak hybrids Quercus x leana (£). imbricaria x Q. velutina) and Q. x runcinata (Q. imbricaria x Q. rubra) are occasionally encountered as scattered individuals throughout Illinois. However, populations of these two hybrid taxa are uncommon, none are known to occur in the state, and only rarely have suspected backcross individuals been found. A principal components analysis (PCA) involving the parent taxa and the supposed hybrids indicates that little introgression occurs, each taxa appearing as a distinct unit on PCA graphs. A study involving all hybrid specimens encountered in the herbaria of the state indicates that Q. x leana is the most common, being found in 25 counties, Q. x runcinata , in contrast, is known from only seven counties in the state. 3 PRESETTLEMENT VEGETATION OF THE MIDWEST, A HIGHLY MODIFIED LANDSCAPE J.E. Ebinger , Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. It is a popular belief that the early European settlers in North America found an unbroken forest of giant trees. Until the latter half of the 20th century many people dismissed the possibility of any significant disturbance by Native Americans. These indigenous people, however, built large cities, farmed extensive areas, and in other ways modified the environment. Though appearing pristine to the casual observer of the 1600's, the biotic communities of the Midwest had been subjected to extensive human disturbances. Native Americans had been living in the Midwestern United States for more than 11,000 years. When they arrived in an area they immediately began altering the environment, exploiting plants, animals, and mineral resources. Their use of the natural resources caused the extinction of some plants and animals, the introduction of exotic species, and the extensive modification of the composition and structure of the biotic communities. 4 51 THE IMPACT OF WHITE TAILED DEER FORAGING ON FORBS IN A REMNANT PRAIRIE COMMUNITY. D.L, Nelson and R.C. Anderson. Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790. At Goose Lake Prairie State Park in northeastern Illinois, we sampled permanent deer exclosures and adjacent unprotected plots to determine 1) the impact of deer exclusion on the flowering and diversity of prairie forbs, and 2) the relationship between inorganic nutrient content of plant tissue and intensity of browse on 9 forb species. Following sampling in 1992, one half of the plots were protected from deer browse. We tested for differences between protected and unprotected plots, in forb diversity (1992, 1994, 1997, 1999) and flowering stem densities (1998 & 1999). Prior to construction of the exclosures in 1992, the Shannon diversity index was higher (p<.05) in the plots that became the unprotected control plots than those that were eventually protected from deer, but 5 and 7 years later in ,1997 & 1999 the diversity index was higher in the exclosed plots (p<05). In 1998, mean number of flowering stems (all species pooled) was greater in plots where deer were excluded (Pr>F=.006), but there was no significant difference in 1999 (Pr >F=. 794), after deer control reduced the herd by 32%. Mean number of flowering spikes/plant and mean height of Amorpha canescens were significantly greater in protected plots in 1997 but not in 1999. There was a positive relationship between browse intensity on a species and plant tissue N concentration, and negative between browse and K concentration. Multiple regression revealed that N and K comprised tire best 2 variable model (^=.74 Pr>=.001). 5 MICRO-SCALE VEGETATION RESTORATION: A TWENTY-FIVE YEAR HISTORY OF A SOUTHERN IL BARRENS. R. Anderson. J. Schwegman1. and M, R, Anderson. IL State University. Normal and ^Metropolis1, IL. We studied vegetation change of a 0.2 ha remnant barren in southern IL over 25 years. The southern Illinois barrrens are fire dependent communities that are transitional between prairie and forest communities and may be related to the barrens of Tennessee and Kentucky. Our study site received prescribed bums, beginning in 1969 and continuing to 1973, but fire was excluded for a 16-year period (1973-1989). Over the 25 years the barrens supported species whose preferred habitats ranged from prairies and open woodlands to closed forests. Ordination of herbaceous species data suggests that the Burke Branch vegetation is on a trajectory characterized by increasing dominance of woodland species and declining prairie species. Fire management temporarily reversed this trend, but it continued once fire was excluded. Reintroduction of prescribed burning in 1990-1993 did not change the vegetation trajectory back towards a species composition comparable to that on the site prior to cessation of fire management in 1973. 6 VASCULAR FLORA OF MOMENCE WETLANDS, KANKAKEE COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Loy R. Phillippe1, William C. Handel1, Shannon Horn2 and John E. Ebin^er1 ‘Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois 61820, ^Division of Natural Heritage, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790. The vascular flora was studied during the 1998 - 1999 growing seasons. A total of 385 taxa were found. This is the northern most location in Illinois for four taxa generally associated with swamps in southern Illinois, Populus heterophylla L. (swamp cottonwood), Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush (pumpkin ash), Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. (climbing hempweed), and the state threatened Styrax americana Lam. (American storax). Three forest communities (wet floodplain, wet-mesic floodplain, dry-mesic upland) were surveyed, and density (stems/ha), basal area (m2/ha), importance value, and average diameter were determined for each overstory species. Wet floodplain forest was dominated by Acer saccharinum L. (silver maple); wet-mesic floodplain forest by Quercus bicolor Willd. (swamp white oak), Quercus palustris Muenchh. (pin oak), Ulmus americana L. (American elm), and Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh, (red/green ash); and dry-mesic upland forest by Quercus velutina Lam. (black oak) and Quercus alba L. (white oak). A wet-mesic prairie remnant dominated by Rubus flagellaris Willd. (Northern dewberry), Flelianthus mollis Lam. (downy sunflower), Andropogon gerardii Vitman (big bluestem), and Solidago canadensis L. (tall goldenrod) was also surveyed. 52 7 EFFECTS OF EARLY AND LATE SEASON HERBIVORY ON THE SURVIVAL AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF BOLTONIA DECURRENS, A THREATENED FLOODPLAIN SPECIES. J.H. Burdsall and M. Smith, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026. The effects of herbivory on Boltonia decurrens , a Federally threatened plant species endemic to the Illinois River floodplain, are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect herbivory has on the survival and biomass production of this threatened species. To test these hypotheses, an experiment was conducted in the natural field habitat of B. decurrens. Plants were randomly selected and placed into one of four herbivory treatments, (plants experiencing early season herbivory, late season herbivory, both early and late season herbivory, and no herbivory), and monitored for one growing season. Results indicate that herbivory has an effect on the survival and biomass production of B. decurrens . The presence of early season herbivory in treatments was beneficial to B. decurrens survival and biomass production, while only late season herbivory was limiting. 8 SEASONAL VARIATION IN MAXIMUM PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATES OF Alliaria petiolata. C.V. Myers and R C. Anderson. Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4120. We propose that Alliaria petiolata an invasive, exotic plant attains a competitive advantage over native understory plant species by actively growing and achieving high maximum rates of photosynthesis in early spring when the majority of native understory species are still dormant. The rates of photosynthesis for a population of Alliaria petiolata were measured in summer, fall, and early and late spring using the LI- COR 6400 infarcd gas analyzer. Measurements of native understory cover were made at 3-4 week intervals from early April to late May. Early spring (March 24) before substantial native understory development occurred, the maximum rate of photosynthesis was 8.2 + 1.1 pmol m' s* . The maximum photosynthctic rate increased to 17.8 + 0.6 on 6 April and then declined during May, being 8.8 +_0.3 and 4.7 + 0.4 on May 3 and 24, respectively. Maximum photosynthetic rates were negatively correlated with understory cover from the early April sample through May (r = 0.999, P = 0.0057). The ability of Alliaria petiolata to achieve maximum rates of photosynthesis before the active growth of native understory species appears to provide it with a competitive advantage, which may contribute to its successful spread and eventual domination of a forest understory. 9 AGE AND HARVEST TIME AFFECT COLOR OF STYUSMA PICKERINGII SEEDS. C.J. Heisler. J M Coons and H R. Owen. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Patterson bindweed (Stylisma pickeringii) is an endangered plant of Illinois sand prairies. Reestablishment efforts are limited by lack of knowledge about its seed biology. Seed color impacts germination. Causes of variation in color are unknown. This study was done to see if seed color was due to age or harvest time. Seeds were collected near Snicarte, IL in 1999. Age was studied via two methods. First, flowers were tagged on July 9, July 30 and Aug 20, and seeds collected after 3, 6 and 9 weeks. Second, stems with seeds were collected in Aug and Sept, and cut into thirds to obtain seeds of various age where lower stems are older and upper stems are younger. To study harvest time, seeds were collected in Aug and Sept. Seed colors and germination at 25C were compared. After 3 weeks, tagged seeds were 88% green, 8% yellow 3% tan and 0% maroon. After 9 weeks, seeds were 0% green, 58% yellow, 29% tan and 12% maroon. In Aug, seeds from upper stems were 32% green 64% yellow; those from lower stems were 11% green and 86% yellow. In Sept, seeds on different stem parts showed no differences in color percentages. Yellow seeds were 65% in Aug and 91% in Sept, but germination was similar. In 1999 seeds were 91% yellow with 88% germination. In 1998 seeds were 41% yellow and 55% germination. Thus, yellow seeds are older than green ones. Vigor of yellow seeds varied with years. 10 53 ANATOMY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HORNWORT STOMATA. LR. Lucas and K.S. Renzaglia, Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901. Stomata are integral to water transport in plants because evaporation of water through the stomatal pore draws water through the water conducting tissue. This pore also enables gas exchange, especially CO2 entrance. Among bryophytes, stomata are restricted to sporophytes of mosses and three homwort genera. This study of the anatomy and ultrastructure of stomata in Phaeoceros and Folioceros was undertaken to evaluate homology of stomata among basal embryophytes. Light microscope studies indicate that the remform guard cells of homworts contain a large vacuole, one to two starch-filled plastids and a peripheral nucleus. Compared to other epidermal cells, the guard cell walls are thickened, especially adjacent to the pore. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the pronounced cell wall is of three layers, each containing parallel nncrofibrils oriented in different directions. Intercellular spaces form internal to the stomata in the assimilative cells. Such evidence, combined with the fact that other epidermal cells lack chloroplasts, implies that homwort stomata function in gas exchange. However, because of the lack of conducting cells in homworts, the role of stomata in transpiration requires further investigation. 11 THE EFFECTS OF CLUMP SIZE ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF BOLTONIA DECURRENS, A THREATENED FLOODPLAIN PLANT SPECIES. L. Ribes and M.Smith, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Boltonia decurrens (Torrey and Gray) Wood (Asteraceae), is a threatened plant species endemic to the Illinois River floodplain. It reproduces vegetatively by producing 1-15 rosettes attached directly to the base of a senescing adult plant. Previous studies indicate that crowding of the basal ramets in B. decurrens leads to higher mortality and smaller rosettes. In the present study, we compared the effect of clump size on the biomass production of B. decurrens. Ten samples of six size categories, ranging from individual plants to clumps containing more than five individuals, were monitored on two transects totaling 60 samples. After flowering occurred in October, the number of inflorescences and rosettes per individual were counted, height was measured, and biomass was calculated. Statistics indicate that clumps with more individuals produce fewer inflorescences, less height, and less biomass per individual. 12 SEED PRODUCTION AND GERMINATION OF WILD HYACINTH (CAMASSIA ANGUSTA). K M, Franken. C.J. DuFrain. J.M. Coons. H R. Owen. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920 and E.L. Smith. Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Champaign, IL 61821. Camassia angusta is a perennial, herbaceous forb on Illinois’ endangered species list. In Illinois, the only known populations occur in a degraded mesic railroad prairie near Elwin. Threats to these populations make it important to identify its germination requirements, about which little is documented. Population surveys were conducted every June from 1993 to 1999. In 1999, number of fruits/plant was counted, and one-quarter of the fruit was collected. In the laboratory, number of seeds/fruit was determined. Some seeds were scarified by cutting the apex, and others were stratified at 8C for 63 days. All seeds were germinated in Petri dishes in a germinator at 25C. In seasons after a prescribed bum (1993, 1997, 1998), 35% of total populations showed an increase in flowering stems. Similarly, 37% of populations showed an increase in flowering stems after non-bum seasons (1995, 1996, 1999). While fire positively affects flowering and reproduction of many mature prairie grasses and forbs, other factors appear to influence the flowering of C. angusta. In 1999, 33 plants were observed, with 13 fruits/plant and 7 seeds/fruit. Estimated total seed production was 3000, suggesting that reproduction may be limited by inadequate seed. Germination was 0% for control and scarified seeds, and 8% for stratified seed. With stratification, C. angusta germination is promoted. 54 13 THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SPERMATOZOID OF DIPHASIASTRUM DIGITATUM. S.W. Schuette, A.R. Maden. and K.S. Renzaglia, Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901. The ultrastructure of motile cells provides valuable information in assessing phylogenetic relationships of the lycophytes. In continuation of our studies of spermatogenesis we examined the spermatozoids of Diphasiastrwn digitatum using TEM techniques. The mature sperm cells are obovoid, bi flagellated, and contain relatively little cytoplasm. The elongate, slightly ovoid nucleus has a helical groove and posterior bulge adjacent to a single starch-containing plastid that is surrounded by mitochondria. A multilayered structure (MLS) laterally wraps around the anterior of the nucleus one and half times and is subtended by a single mitochondrion. A wide spline of 150-200 microtubules encircles the anterior of the nucleus. Basal bodies (BB) are staggered with the posterior basal body skewed toward the anterior basal body. The flagella emerge from the same side and coil at least twice around the cell in parallel. This small cell has characteristics similar to the sperm cells of both Lycopodium and Lycopodiella and as such is intermediate in structure. 14 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE THREATENED FLOODPLAIN SPECIES, BOLTONIA DECURRENS AND A WIDESPREAD CONGENERIC, BOLTONIA ASTEROIDES VAR RECOGNITA. S. M. Tofari, E. J. Esselman and F. M. Smith, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Knowledge of the reproductive biology of a plant species provides insight concerning the genetic structure of populations of that species. Due to the impact reproductive biology has on a plant’s population structure, a study was initiated to determine the breeding system of Boltonia decurrens (Torrey and Gray) Wood (Asteraceae), a rare perennial floodplain plant and Boltonia asteroides var recognita , a widespread congeneric. Boltonia decurrens , an endemic to the Illinois River Valley, was placed on the Federal list of threatened species in 1988. The objectives of this study were to establish if these two species were self-incompatible and if they were able to hybridize with each other. To accomplish this, five pollination treatments were performed on bagged inflorescences from B. asteroides and B. decurrens plants including selfing and crossing of both species. Seeds produced from these pollinations were tested for viability using germination and tetrazolium treatments. The results of this study have shown B. asteroides to be self-incompatible and B. decurrens to be self¬ compatible. In addition, B. decurrens was found to form viable hybrids with B. asteroides. 15 A QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF TERMINAL AND BASAL ACHENES OF SCHOENOPLECTUS HALLII S. Ammann, C. Shaffer, N. Parker and M. Smith. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Hall's bulrush, Schoenoplectus hallii (A. Gray) S.G. Smith, is an endangered perennial wetland sedge species with unstable populations in several states. Within the last thirty years, the number of states in which populations of S. hallii occurs has declined. Of the states with extant populations, only two have more than one — Missouri and Illinois. With the growing destruction of wetland habitat, wetland species are becoming endangered, and conservation efforts are focusing on keystone species as indicators for the requirements of these endangered communities. As S. hallii occurs within a narrowly defined habitat, it would serve as an excellent indicator species; however, little is known concerning its ecological and environmental requirements. A first step in defining these requirements is gaining a thorough understanding of its life history characteristics. In the present study, plants and soil samples were collected from two locations — Scott County, MO, and Mason County, IL. Basal and terminal flowers and achenes were identified, photographed, and measured. Between the two types, statistically significant differences were found in achene length, width, and mass; achene beak length; and style length. 16 55 FLOWERING, FRUIT SET, AND FRUIT PRODUCTION IN EASTERN LEATHERWOOD ( DIRCA PALUSTRIS). \A Gann1, J_ Zasada2, K. Schulz1, K. Kahl1, E. Nauertz3, and W, Mattson3. Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026. 2USDA Forest Service Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Grand Rapids, MN 55744. 3USDA Forest Service Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Rhinelander, Wl 54501. Eastern leatherwood is a small (<2.5 m) shade tolerant understory shrub of the eastern U S. In the sugar maple-hemlock ( Acer saccharum-Tsuga canadensis ) forests of northern Wisconsin and Upper Michigan, leatherwood populations are widely dispersed, prompting questions concerning its reproductive characteristics. A particular concern is its relative success under various timber management systems. Inflorescence production and fruit set were monitored over four years on ca. 50 individuals distributed across five stands. Inflorescence production per shrub was relatively stable from year to year (± 25%), but fruit production varied by a factor of five. Fruit set oscillated from year to year by a factor of five as well. Fruit production appears to be greater in alternate years (1995 and 1997 were low years; 1996 and 1998 were high years). Light availability is weakly correlated with fruit production per shrub. 17 DOES GAP REGENERATION OF SUGAR MAPLE ( ACER SACCHARUM) DEPRESS SPECIES DIVERSITY IN MAPLE-DOMINATED FORESTS? K. Schulz1, T Zasada2, fC Kahl1, SL Garske3, and E. Nauertz4. Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026. 2USDA Forest Service Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Grand Rapids, MN 55744. Michigan Technical University, Houghton, Ml 49931. 4USDA Forest Service Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Rhinelander, Wl 54501. In Illinois, increases in sugar maple dominance caused by the cessation of periodic fire are associated with reductions in native herb populations and floristic changes. Unlike Illinois, maple has always been a canopy dominant in the Upper Great Lakes Region, implying that the flora is better adapted to the maple canopy. Nonetheless, thickets of maple regeneration in large natural canopy gaps also appear to suppress understory species. We examined understory composition beneath an array of maple canopy types in the Sylvania Wilderness Area, Ml. Species richness was unaffected by the density and stature of maple regeneration (seedlings < 0.5 m tall to saplings ca. 10 m tall). In contrast, the amount of bare surface doubled as seedling populations grew to 2-3 m height. Reductions in herb population sizes may be a more proper concern for managers than simple changes in species richness. 18 COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF CARTWAY WOODS, A POST OAK (QUERCUS STELLATA Wang.) WOODLAND IN HAMILTON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. W. E. McClain. Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Springfield, IL 62701, B. R. Edqin. Illinois Nature Preserves Commission, Springfield, IL 62701, J. E. Ebinqer. Emeritus Professor of Botany, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Woody vegetation surveys of two mature post oak woodland remnants were undertaken 1997 and 1999. Tree density and basal area were nearly identical on both tracts, 390 to 395 trees/ha with a basal area of 23.46 to 23.75 m2/ha. Post oak and shagbark hickory dominated the overstories with importance value (IV) of 68.5 to 83.5 and 46.0 to 69.1 , respectively. Other important species were mockernut hickory, pignut hickory, black oak, and white oak, mostly with IV’s higher than 10. Sassafras, black cherry, and hickory seedlings and saplings were common. Except for black oak, oak reproduction was poor, indicating that the closed canopy of this woodland favors the more shade-tolerant, fire-sensitive species. This trend suggests the diminished importance of post oak in the future. 56 19 CHESTNUT / BUR OAK WOODLAND RAVINE COMMUNITIES OF CENTRAL ILLINOIS Vernon L. LaGesse. William E. McClain, and John Ebinger, 1619 S. Pasfield, Springfield, IL 62704. Chestnut Oak ( Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm.) - Bur Oak ( Q . marcocarpa Michx.) woodland ravine is described as occurring in Northeast Kansas and possibly Southeast Nebraska. The composition of overstory and understory of three sites in Central Illinois were examined in this study. All were on moderate to very well drained glacial drift soils on steep south to southwest slopes along medium to large rivers. These sites, which are not affected by seasonal flooding, were dominated by Chestnut Oak with open growth forms. Lower slopes were dominated by Green Ash ( Fraxinus pennsylanica Marsh.) and Bur Oak. Dominant understory species were Black Haw ( Viburum prunifolium L.), Elm ( Ulmus L.) sp., and Gray Dogwood ( Cornus racemosa Lam.). All sites are associated with degraded hill prairie or glade communities. 20 THE RESPONSE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE TO RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN HALL’S BULRUSH, A RARE PLANT SPECIES. M. Smith. J.L.J, Hounis. *P. Mettler and S. Ammann, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026 and *Southem Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901. Hall’s bulrush ( Schoenoplectus hallii (A. Gray) S.G. Smith) is a sedge in the family Cyperaceae. Although the species is known to occur in six states, only two — Missouri and Illinois — have more than one population. It has been suggested that management of Hall’s bulrush is necessary for its continued existence; however, information about basic physiological and ecological requirements is lacking. The primary purpose of the current study was to elucidate some of the physiological factors responsible for the difficulty researchers have encountered in successfully transplanting the species and growing it under controlled conditions. An infra red gas exchange system was used to measure photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration in response to light and relative humidity. Results indicated that Hall’s bulrush has no effective stomatal control in response to environmental factors; thus, any disturbance of hydraulic conductivity during transplanting may result in mortality from excessive water loss. 21 INFLUENCE OF VARIED IRRADIANCE LEVELS ON MORTALITY, GROWTH, AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS of ALLIARJA PETIOLATA. C.Kirk and R. C. Anderson. Illinois State University, Normal, IL 6 1790. Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (garlic mustard) is an invasive exotic plant that has rapidly spread into all forested areas of Illinois since the plant was first recorded in the state in 1918. The ability of the plant to effectively displace the understory vegetation of these forested areas makes it a major conservation issue for Illinois. To determine ecological factors that lead to successful spread of the plant, plants were exposed to various irradiance levels in a field experiment. Naturally growing plants were exposed to natural light (control), 30% and 70% shade in a randomized block design within a closed forest. Rate of photosynthesis under open and closed tree canopy conditions, growth over time, mortality rate, and dry-weight biomass of mature plants was measured for the control and experimental treatments. Mortality rate of seedlings was unaffected by irradiance levels. Rates of photosynthesis and growth and dry-weight biomass were similar for plants grown under natural light and 30% shade. However, plants grown under 70% shade had lower photosynthesis and growth rates than the control and 30% shade treatment plants. These results suggest that control of garlic mustard may be easier to achieve in deeply shaded forests than in more open or disturbed forests and woodlands. 22 57 STATUS OF LYSIMACHIA FRASERI DUBY IN ILLINOIS. M.A. Basinger. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901. Lysimachia fraseri Duby (Primulaceae) is a herbaceous perennial with whorled cauline leaves and yellow 5-merous flowers. This species is known in the world from 86 populations and has a center of distribution in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North and South Carolina. L. fraseri is considered to be a species of concern and has a global G3 rank. In Illinois, L. fraseri is known from one population in Pope County. There have been consistent surveys of this population since 1991, when 100 plants, 5 flowering and 95 sterile, were counted. However, only three plants were counted in 1998 and only one plant was found in 1999. Additional searches in Pope County during 1999 did not uncover new populations of this species. It is unknown if this species will become extirpated in Illinois, in a similar manner as populations in western Kentucky and Tennessee. 23 PRESCRIBED BURNING IN PALOS FOREST PRESERVES OF COOK COUNTY ILLINOIS. D W. Nvberg and J. M. Marzalik, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607. The Volunteer Stewardship Network (VSN) sponsored the Palos Restoration Project (PRP) which conducted stewardship activities, including prescribed burning, on some of the holdings of the Cook County Forest Preserve District (FPDCC) in and near Palos Township (T37NR12E 3rd PM) including 3 Illinois Nature Preserves. The communities worked on were oak woodland, savanna, prairie and wetland. In the seven fire seasons from fall 1989 to spring 1996, PRP volunteers conducted 92 prescribed bums. Annual acreage burnt totals were 129, 305, 163, 330, 473, 238 and 289 acres out of the total of 1 1,560 FPDCC acres in this region; about a third of which was in VSN stewardship. Though 34 of the 92 events were in the fall, they accounted for only 20% of the acreage burned, so spring bums had a larger average size. Seven wildfires totaling 17 acres were discovered and mapped. Though there had been neither injury or property damage, the burning program ended in September 1996 when a general restoration moratorium was declared by the President of the Cook County Board. 24 DEMOGRAPHY AND SEED PRODUCTION OF AMERICAN GINSENG IN SMALL AND LARGE POPULATIONS IN ILLINOIS. M. R. Anderson and S. S. Loew, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4120. Population viability theory predicts that small populations have a higher risk of extinction than large populations due to demographic and genetic factors. Here we focus on demographic factors only. We visited six American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolium) populations ranging in size from 5 to 150 individuals to determine if population size was correlated with genetic diversity and maternal reproduction. For each plant we recorded location, plant size, and number of leaves, leaflets, flowers, fruits and seeds. For a subset of plants we recorded size of seeds produced. Proportion of all plants that produced fruit varied from 29 to 60 percent of the population. Seedlings comprised 6 to 30 percent of the populations. Fruits were produced primarily by three- or four-leaf plants, and taller plants produced more fruits, although many plants with only two-leaves flowered. A two-leaf plant on average produced 0.2 to 1.8 seeds, while three leaf plants produced from 2.75 to 14.4 seeds per plant, and where present, four-leaf plants produced from 25 to 32 seeds per plant. After following these plants for additional growing seasons, we will analyze population viability and compare population growth rates. In addition, we will assess the effect of harvesting on short-term extinction risk by altering death rates in the population model. / The identification of mRNA-binding protein complexes affecting transcript stability in barley aleurone cells. S.J. Mendelson and M.R. Brodl. Department of Biological Sciences, Knox College, Galesburg, IL 61401. The mRNA encoding a-amylase in barley aleurone cells is selectively destabilized under heat shock conditions. Normally a-amylase mRNA exhibits a half-life of 100 hours, but heat shock reduces its half-life to about 30 minutes. Little is known about this actual turnover mechanism. As a first step, we are cross-linking putative RNA binding proteins to radiolabeled amylase mRNA to identify proteins that may be important in regulating transcript stability. Our data indicate the a-amylase mRNA is bound by a 53 kD protein under normal cellular conditions. This protein is supplanted by an 88 kD protein during heat shock. Competition assays suggest localization of the 53 kD binding region to the 3’-UTR of the a-amylase message. We are currently defining the recognition sequence by deletion mapping. The 53 kD protein may stabilize the a- amylase transcript at normal temperature, while the 88 kD protein may target it for turnover by RNasis. This work was funded by a grant from the NSF (MCB 9807998) to MRB, a fellowship from the Pfizer Pharmaceutical Corp, and the Richter Memorial Scholarship Fund. 26 CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BARLEY SRP RECEPTOR-a (SR-a). R.F. Nelson and M R. Brodl. Knox College, Galesburg, EL 61401. When barley aleurone layers are subjected to heat shock (40 °C for 3 hours) there is a selective degradation of normally stable mRNAs encoding secreted proteins. Messages for nonsecreted proteins are not degraded. The first step in the translation of secretory protein mRNAs is the binding of the protein’s nascent signal sequence to the 54-kD subunit of the signal recognition particle (SRP), which stalls further translation by the ribosome until the resulting srp-ribosome-mRNA complex binds to an SRP receptor-sec6 1 complex. The a subunit of SRP receptor (SR-a) is important for SRP binding. When the SRP and SR form a new complex, it releases the ribosome-mRNA-sec 61 complex, and translation recommences. We have shown that in heat shock conditions SRP fails to release from the ER, leaving it unavailable in the cytoplasm. Another explanation is that the failure of SRP to release leaves secretory protein mRNAs “pinned” at the ER and targeted for destabilization. My goal is to clone the SR-a gene via “touchdown” PCR. Two 20 base pair degenerate primers where designed by comparing conserved amino acid stretches from rice, human, canine, yeast and Brassica. The three PCR products were obtained on agarose gels. These products were cloned into pBluescript vectors and sequenced, and we now have a 242 base pair fragment for the barley gene. The band was then cloned into pThioHisA vector and a 28 kD fusion protein was made. Antibodies to this fusion protein will be generated and will be used to observe the effect of external conditions, such as GA3 and heat shock, on the expression and localization of the a-subunit in barley aleurone layers. Since this subunit is important in secretory protein expression, knowledge of its localization, interaction with the Sec61p complex and interaction with SRP will help elucidate reasons for mRNA degradation and provide more insight into our understanding of gene expression. 27 SUPPRESSION OF INTERFERON y - INDUCTION OF MACROPHAGE - P815 TUMOR CELL BINDING CAPACITY BY MAINSTREAM AND SIDESTREAM CIGARETTE SMOKE CONDENSATES. C. Johnson Waller and S.Fan. Ph D.. Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625. Macrophage expression of several functions in response to interferon -gamma (IFNy) decreases with exposure to either mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke condensates (CSC-MS, CSC-SS). Here, we examined the effects of CSC-MS and CSC-SS on IFNy-induction of another macrophage function, binding of P8 1 5 tumor cells. To circumvent radioactive labeling necessary for most cell binding assays, we developed a method that utilizes CMAC (aminochloromethyl coumarin) as a fluorescent label for tumor cells. After tumor cells were cultured with IFNy-treated murine macrophages for 1 hour, the monolayers were washed vigorously and residual fluorescence was measured as a reflection of the amount of tumor cells that had been bound. Fluorescence intensity, and therefore tumor cells bound, increased proportionally with the amount of tumor cells added to macrophages. Exposure to either CSC- MS or CSC-SS reduced the amount of tumor cells bound by the macrophages treated with IFNy compared to controls not treated with CSC. This study identifies another macrophagic functional capacity that CSC-MS and CSC-SS adversely affects. This further suggests that measurement by fluorescence can be used to replace radioactive labeling for easier use and disposal. 28 59 MEMBRANE FLUIDITY CHANGES AFFECT IN VITRO TRANSLOCATION OF HEAT-SHOCKED BARLEY ALEURONE ER DERIVED MICROSOMES. A.R.Wende and M.R. Brodl. Knox College, Galesburg, IL 61401. Heat shock (HS) selectively suppresses the synthesis of secretory proteins in barley aleurone layers. This is accomplished by selectively destabilizing secretory protein mRNAs. The destabilization of secretory protein transcripts is correlated with the dissociation of the ER lamellar network that serves as the site of translation of secretory proteins. We have hypothesized that the dissociation of the ER is important in the selective targeting of secretory protein mRNA destabilization. We have shown that HS increases the level of fatty acid saturation in ER membrane phospholipids. To determine whether this change in lipid biochemistry affects membrane fluidity of the ER, we have inserted the spin probe cholestane into ER membranes and have assayed spin probe mobility by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Our data indicate that HS ER membranes are significantly less fluid than their non-HS counterparts. In order to determine whether changes in ER membrane biochemistry affect secretory protein translation and translocation at the ER, we are currently using in vitro translation/tranlocation assays with ER membranes derived from control and HS barley aleurone cells. Preliminary data indicate that ER membranes derived from HS samples are able to sustain protein processing but at a less efficient level than controls incubated at normal temperature. Funded by the USDA (NRICGP9500996) to MRB and a Richter Fellowship to ARW. 29 HEAT SHOCK AND SECRETION IN- PETUNIA TRANSMITTING TRACT CELLS AND BARLEY ALEURONE PROTOPLASTS. S. Navarrete and Mark R. Brodl. Biology Dept., Knox College, Galesburg, IL 61401. In barley aleurone layers (BALs), heat shock (HS), selectively destabilizes the mRNAs encoding secretory protein, leading to the rapid suppression of their expression. At normal temperatures (25°C) these mRNAs have half-lives of >100 h. HS causes delamination and fragmentation of stacked ER lamellae and the shifting of the SRP pool from the cytoplasm to the ER. We investigated the HS response of petunia style tissue to determine whether HS had a similar effect on ER ultrastructure in this secretory tissue. TEM micrographs showed, at 25°C, the ER were prominent stacks of cistemae. Samples exposed to HS, had fragmented short, single membrane segments. We also studied the effect of HS on SRP distribution by immunogold labeling in high pressure frozen/freeze substituted barley protoplasts. SRPs recognize ribosomes translating secretory proteins. SRP-ribosome complex binds to an SRP receptor in the ER membrane, to direct protein synthesis into the ER lumen. HS disrupts the normal distribution of SRPs in the cell; more SRPs become ER bound with HS. TEM micrographs indicate that at 25°C, colloidal gold particles were seen mainly on ER bound ribosomes, with a few particles in the cytoplasm. In HS samples, fewer particles were located in the cytoplasm, while there were increased numbers at the ER. These SRPs were not, however, associated with ribosomes. Our petunia style data indicate that this HS response is similar to that of barley aleurone layers. Moreover, our SRP data, further support the hypothesis that SRP binding may play a role in selective targeting of secretory protein mRNA for degradation. 30 EFFECTS OF HEAT SHOCK ON THE RATIO OF SECRETORY PROTEIN VERSUS NONSECRETORY PROTEIN VIA ISOLATIONS OF MEMBRANE-BOUND AND FREE POLYSOMES. Sidharth Mahapatra. Advisor: Dr. Mark Brodl.Department of Biological Sciences, Knox College, Galesburg, IL 61401. In barley aleurone layers, heat shock selectively suppresses the synthesis of secretory proteins. Previous studies have found that heat shock causes the ER lamellae to fragment, and it selectively destabilizes mRNA coding for secretory proteins (non-secretory proteins are left unaffected). In addition, the signal recognition particle, which is responsible for binding the ribosome to the ER membrane, fails to release from the membrane when exposed to heat shock. This would either leave secretory protein mRNAs “pinned” to ER membrane where they might get degraded and/or prevent the binding of new ribosome translating secretory proteins at the ER. To examine the effect of heat shock on ribosomes translating secretory proteins, ER membrane-bound polysomes and free polysomes were isolated in order to run dot blot assays to determine relative distributions of alpha-amylase translating ribosomes at different time frames of heat shock. Our data indicate that there is a 50% decrease in the amount of ER membrane-bound ribosome (translating alpha amylase) after a 3-hour heat shock. We are currently examining the ratios of ER-bound and free alpha-amylase polysomes at 1 5, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. 60 31 APOPTOSIS PRECEDES NECROSIS OF VERO CELLS WITH MEASLES AND CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS INFECTION. D. Wegner ;JDLHall and P. Wanda. Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL. 62026. Programmed cell death or apoptosis is a normal and fundamental event in many biological systems. When a cell is infected with a virus, it is advantageous for the virus to delay cell death until the complete assembly of progeny viruses has occur¬ red and their release from the host cell has been initiated. This study investigated whether measles virus and canine distemper virus regulates the induction of apoptosis in Vero cells (African Green Monkey Kidney cells). Fragmentation of the cell's chromosomal DNA was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis at 24 hours post- infection. The appearance of apoptosis was correlated using the Cell DeathDetection ELISA kit from Roche Diagnostics and by fluorescence micro¬ scopy using an acridine orange/ethidium bromide dye mixture. Necrosis became apparent late in infection. 32 EXPRESSION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF RECOMBINANT SECRETIN. S.M. Uder and M.G. Bolyard, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Secretin has been shown to be an effective treatment for some individuals suffering from autism. However, current methods of isolating the neuropeptide are not effectively meeting demands. Secretin is also found in humans as an a-amidated neuropeptide, but it is not known if a-amidation is necessarily required for biological activity. Thus, it is of interest to produce large quantities of recombinant secretin (both amidated and unamidated) in a bacterial system. The gene required for a-amidation has been cloned into the pPROLar.A vector and the secretin gene is being cloned into the pMAL-p2 vector. DNA sequencing is being used to confirm the accurate insertion of the genes. With these two compatible host vectors, secretin can be produced with or without a-amidation. The biological activity of both forms of secretin can be tested by observing the effects of purified protein on host tissues. Secretin has receptors in many organs including the kidney, and the specific response in kidney cells is increased cyclic AMP production. Therefore, tissue culture is being performed and ELISA will be used to detect cAMP levels in exposed cells. In conclusion, a system of recombinant expression of secretin that will provide a source of the neuropeptide and a method of studying a-amidation will be produced. 33 CENTRIN LOCALIZATION IN SIPUNCULAN CILIATED URNS. L. K. Dvbas. Knox College, Galesburg. IL 61401 and H. E. Buhse, Jr.. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607. Centrin. a member of the EF-hand family of calcium binding proteins, is most commonly found in, or associated with, centrioles and basal bodies. There is considerable variation suggesting that centrin may be involved in different functions and may have different interactions with cell components. In this study, urns, multicellular free-swimming complexes within the fluid-filled body cavity of some sipunculan worms, were examined for the presence of centrin. Anti-centrin antibody was localized in the basal bodies and surrounding filaments in the ciliated cell. Filaments that traverse the cell from basal bodies to the hemidesmosomes, which anchor the ciliated cell to the urn-shaped extracellular matrix, also showed centrin immunoreactivity. This pattern of localization of centrin supports one current hypothesis that during evolution, a centrin-containing calcium mediated motility system closely associated with basal bodies and centrioles was recruited into other organelles with different functions. 61 34 MUCUS LOCALIZATION IN SIPUNCULAN CILIATED URNS AND URN SECRETORY TAILS. L. K. Dybas, Knox College, Galesburg, IL 61401 and II. E. Buhse, Jr.. University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607. Ciliated multicellular complexes called “urns” are found within the coelomic cavity of some species of sipunculan worms. Urns release streams of mucus in response to a variety of foreign stimuli, and mucus tails entrap the foreign material. These urns, therefore, play an important role in internal defense. Although the urn’s secretions have been referred to as mucus for nearly 100 years, this is the first study demonstrating that the secretions are mucus. Mucin immunoreactivity is localized within small vesicles and granules in the urn and in the secretory tails by immunogold staining using monoclonal antibody to a peptide epitope of human gastric mucin. At the light level, staining is enhanced after removal of the carbohydrate moieties of the mucus. 35 CLASSROOM SCIENCE ACTIVITIES PROVIDE MORE THAN ’’GEE-WHIZ": AN ASSESSMENT OF A HANDS-ON CHEMICAL REACTIONS MODULE. Randall A. Wanke and Kathlynn Breinich, Augustaiia College, Rock Island, IL 61201. Science is observation, experiment, measurement and evaluation. Hands-on science activities not only leave this impression with elementary students, but are also valuable learning activities. A chemical reactions activity module has been developed and tested for the upper primary grades. The module highlights the four observations that can signal a chemical change - gas evolution, color change, precipitate formation and temperature change - and provides hands-on experiments to illustrate each phenomenon. Teacher demonstrations are also included to reinforce student learning. Test results show that the module engaged students, exercised their observation skills, provided students with an experiential representation of chemistry concepts, and changed student impressions about science. 36 DIFFUSION STUDIES INVOLVING A FORM OF POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE. S.B. Rupe and D.J. Campbell. Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625. One form of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that is produced by the Dow-Corning Corporation takes the form of a rubbery, transparent elastomer which is permeable to a number of compounds. The crosslinked elastomer exhibits reversible solvent swelling when placed in contact with nonpolar organic solvents. In the presence of toluene and cyclohexane, PDMS swells to almost three times its original volume and tw'ice its original mass. This solvent diffusion can also be used to deposit molecules such as azobenzene inside PDMS. The optical rotation of plane-polarized light by limonene enantiomers can be observed within PDMS. Amine diffusion and reaction with hydrogen chloride can also be observed within PDMS. 62 37 FRIEDEL-CRAFTS ALKYLATION: AN EXPERIMENT ILLUSTRATING SEVERAL REACTION PARAMETERS. S, Dini, R. L. Radec. K, R. Hood, and K. W. Field, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625. We have developed a microscale organic laboratory experiment which illustrates the mechanistic and synthetic aspects of the Friedel-Crafts reaction. Specifically, the following aspects of the Lewis acid catalyzed alkylation reaction will be discussed: 1. Alkylation general procedure 2. Effect of the nature of the aromatic substrate 3. Effect of catalyst activity 4. Effect of reaction temperature 5. Effect of the halogen of the alkyl halide Despite the simplicity of the experimental procedure, the variables outlined above do affect the reaction outcome. 38 THE SYNTHESIS OF HETEROLEPTIC TETRAOCTANOATE DICOPPER(II) METALLOMESOGENS AND THE STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP OF MONOSUBSTITUTED CARBOX YLATE LIGANDS Dr. Thomas W. Clayton and Laura L. Anderson, Knox College, Galesburg, IL 61401. Tetraoctanoate dicopper(II) is a thermotropic, hexagonally packed, columnar discotic mesogen with a liquid crystalline onset temperature of 85 degrees Celsius that does not clear into an isotropic phase before its decompostition at 200 degrees Celsius. This compound is an appealing material because of its combination of metal and mesomorphic properties but difficult to work with due to the high onset temperature of its liquid crystalline phase. This project focuses on introducing just enough asymmetry into the structure of tetraoctanoate dicopper(II) metallomesogens to lower its melting point without obliterating its mesomorphic properties. Heteroleptic monosubstituted tetraoctanoate copper(II) dimers have been synthesized and the effects of the asymmetric introduction recorded. 39 Synthesis and Characterization of Unique Cu(II)tris(butanoate)(carboxylate) Michael Rowe and D_r, .Thomas Clayton Jr.. Knox College, Galesburg, IL 6 1 40 1 The uses of liquid crystals today are varied and wide spread. The vast majority of them are purely organic compounds. The incorporation of metals into their molecular structure would functionalize mesophase compounds in new and interesting ways. This project is focused on the synthesis and characterization of unique Cu(II)tetrakis(carboxylate). Our goal is to both lower and expand the limited temperature range of these copper dimers' liquid crystal phase. From Cu(II)(butanoate)4, a single butanoate ligand has been systematically lengthened to examine changes in the mesophase onset temperature. Pure samples of these copper dimers, that have shown promising results in mesophase onset depression, have been created with a ligand as long as dodecanoate, hexadecanoate, and octodecanoate. 40 63 SILVER ION PROMOTED REACTIONS FOR THE ORGANIC LABORATORY. K,W. Field, LA. Moroz, and J,L. Pellino. Bradley University. Peoria. IL 61625. We have developed a microscale organic laboratory experiment which illustrates silver ion promoted organic syntheses. The reaction of 1 ,2-dichloro- 1 , 1 ,2.2-tetraphenylethane, 1, with silver ion and water is solvent dependent. In aqueous (ca. 107c) acetone, 1 affords near quantitative yields of tetraphenylethylene oxide. However, in aqueous (ca. 17c) methanol. 1 gives 2.2.2- triphenylacetophenone almost exclusively. This silver ion promoted rearrangement, known as the Kakis rearrangement, is comparable to the pinacol rearrangement and is interpreted by a similar mechanism. Despite the simplicity of the experimental procedure, the transformations illustrate a number of important mechanistic processes. 41 THE PREPARATION OF VINYL TRIFLATES CONTAINING HALOGEN ELECTRON WITHDRAWING GROUPS. J.A. Miller and C. Davis, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 61201. The utility and preparation of vinyl triflates (vinyl trifluoromethanesulfonates) in organic synthesis has been well documented. However, a general method for the preparation of haloalkenyl triflates has not been reported. This proposal outlines a potentially simple and effective procedure utilizing the triflation of acyl halide intermediates to obtain the desired products. The proposed procedure is essentially a two step process implementing inexpensive and readily available starting materials. 42 PREPARATION OF ACETONIDES FROM EPOXIDES. J.R. Kinder. R.J, Fitzpatrick, and B. Andersh. Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625. We have found that epoxides can be converted into acetonides by treating an epoxide with acetone in the presence of catalytic sulfuric acid or boron trifluoride etherate. The synthesis of glyceraldehyde acetonide, a common building block for asymmetric synthesis, is especially exciting. We are currently looking at modifications of this procedure, which have the potential to generate either the (R) or the (S) glyceraldehyde acetonide from readily available starting materials. Currently the (S) glyceraldehyde acetonide is prepared using "unnaturaL/expensive starting materials (i.e. L-mannitol) or through lengthy syntheses in moderate yields. 43 x 64 44 FATTY ACID-INDUCED VESICLE FUSION. A. Schlein. J.Pellino and M, R. Frv. Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625. Phospholipases, specifically PLA2, are believed to play an important role in membrane fusion events by releasing fatty acids. In mammalian systems, PLA2s hydrolyze the sn-2 ester bond to release predominantly cis-unsaturated fatty acids and lysophospholipids. We investigated a series of fatty acids to determine whether they could induce fusion of phosphatidylserine vesicles in vitro, as monitored by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. In this method, the efficiency of transfer of fluorescence resonance energy from donor to acceptor fluorophores conjugated to vesicle phospholipids was determined. When labeled vesicles are mixed with an excess of unlabeled vesicles, vesicle fusion and lateral movement of the phospholipids results in a decreased efficiency of resonance energy transfer. Palmitate, stearate and methyl oleate had little to no effect on the efficiency of resonance energy transfer. Oleate, linoleate, and linolenate showed a concentration-dependent decrease in the efficiency of resonance energy transfer. Our results suggest a minimal requirement of a free carboxyl group and one double bond for fusogenic activity. 45 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AMINO TERMINAL a-HELICAL REGION OF THE ESCHERICHIA COU GRPE HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN VIA DELETION MUTATION ANALYSIS. L.D. Heskett and_A MehL Knox College, Galesburg, IL 64101. GipE, a nucleotide exchange factor from E. coli, is a heat shock protein co-chaperone that facilitates the ATPase acitivity of DnaK, the molecular chaperone of the Hsp-70 family. The goals of this investigation are to study the structure/function relationship of the a-helical amino terminal end region of the wild type GrpE and its interactions with DnaK. Using standard molecular biology techniques, GrpE deletion mutants representing various regions of the a-helical domain were constructed (1-89, 89-138, 1-1 12 and 1-142). Complete and partial Sanger sequencing was performed on all the mutants in order t< verify their correct Dna sequence. No ill-desired mutations were discovered in deletion mutant 1-89 aa. and further Dna sequencing will verify the fidelity of the PCR amplification for the remaining mutants. Using various chromatographic techniques, each of the mutants were purified to near homogeneity. Preliminary CD analysis results of the deletion mutants showed that mutants, 89-138 aa. and 1-142 aa, have some a-helical secondary conformation while deletion mutant 1-89 aa did not (mutant 1-1 12 aa. was not tested). Future work concerning the structural conformations of the mutants will be performed in order to validate previous conformational data. Furthermore, future studies will focus on the dimeric properties of each of the deletion mutants via cross-linking analysis, including the characterization of another deletion mutant, 34-89 aa. 46 REDUCING COLLECTIVE COMMUNICATION COSTS IN MULTI-THREADED MESSAGE-PASSING APPLICATIONS. D.G.Solt, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455. Networks of workstations are frequently studied as a platform for cost-effective, high- performance computing. High-end communication networks are able to achieve network latencies that are of the same order of magnitude as local bus speeds. The result is that message¬ passing processes are more likely to be waiting on a message to be sent than for a message to be delivered. Executing multiple processes per processor is an effective way to hide communication synchronization, however it can substantially increase the synchronization time for one-to-many collective communication operations such as broadcasts and scatters. Several techniques are presented for reducing the cost of collective operations in an environment that executes multiple processes per processor. Results are presented for several MPI applications running on a network of workstations. 47 65 TESTING SOFTWARE USED TO DETERMINE INTRAMUSCULAR FAT CONTENT IN SWINE FROM ULTRASOUND IMAGES. L H Tichenor. J,P, Carlson and B.A. Engnall Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455. It is hoped that grayscale bitmaps generated from ultrasound imaging of muscle tissue from live hogs can be used to determine the fat content of the original tissue. The software developed for this purpose will analyze the pixel fields of these images to determine the percent of pixels in a specific color range. Testing of the software was done with images created in a graphics paint program. Analyses of the pixel counts of rectangular areas of known grayscale level and size demonstrated that the exclusion and selection functions of the software worked properly and that the histograms and computational results produced by the program were correct. 48 INCREASING GPS RAIM AVAILABILITY BY MEANS OF UDSRAIM AUGMENTATION, Jonathan P. Bemick, Department of Computer Science, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455. This paper demonstrates how the use of Underdetermined Systems RAIM (UDSRAIM), a RAIM algorithm that allows GPS positioning with integrity when only 4 satellites are visible to the user, can increase GPS availability for non-precision approach. The theory of UDSRAIM is presented, and the UDSRAIM algorithm derived. The augmentation of GPS by UDSRAIM is discussed; it is demonstrated by statistical analysis of GPS availability simulations the UDSRAIM augmentation will substantially improve GPS availability for non-precision approach. In conclusion, it is explained how UDSRAIM can be applied to such uses as marine navigation, integrity monitoring in inexpensive GPS receivers, and secondary integrity monitoring for guided missiles and military aircraft. 49 IMPROVING WAAS FOR SOLE-MEANS PRECISION APPROACH, Jonathan P. Bemick. Mike B. Litman. Department of Computer Science, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455. Current research suggests that the Wide-Area Augmentation System (WAAS) for the Global Positioning System (GPS) will, when activated, be unable to satisfy the requirements for sole-means precision approach of aircraft. This paper investigates how the WAAS can be augmented with Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) and Underdetermined Systems RAIM (UDSRAIM), increasing its availability to the point where the requirements for sole-means precision approach may be satisfied. The augmentation of WAAS by RAIM and UDSRAIM is discussed; it is demonstrated by statistical analysis of GPS availability simulations that RAIM and UDSRAIM augmentation will substantially improve GPS availability for precision approach. The paper concludes that the augmentation of WAAS by RAIM and UDSRAIM is a technique worthy of further investigation. 66 50 THIRD-PARTY HELP FOR CAI. T. Chen, R. Khan. B. Xian, and D. DeVolder, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455. At Western Illinois University, Computer Science 212 students work with a software product called The Trainer. The Trainer presents information about the Java programming language, as well as interactive exercises called “Puzzles.” CS 212 instructors receive large numbers of common questions. These questions are often easily answered, but the student working outside the formal class meeting must leave a Trainer session in order to find someone to provide this assistance. In order to improve the delivery of timely assistance to students, and therefore the quality of instruction in this lab-based course, a help delivery system called The Coach was prototyped and installed. The Coach is immediately accessible to students using The Trainer, and contains an abundance of helpful information pertaining to the Puzzles. The Coach provides a model for delivering help in distance leammg and other applications in which the original help system is inadequate or missing. 51 THE USE OF DENDROCHRONOLOGY FOR DETERMINING MEANDER MIGRATION RATES ALONG THE EMBARRAS RIVER IN EAST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS. R.W. Finger. M W, Stafford, and V P. Gutowski, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Willow trees colonizing point bars are a good indicator of movement of river channels. With the absence of a monitoring network or a series of historical aerial photographs, rates of channel movement may be inferred through the use of dendrochronology. Point bars, containing four distinct tiers of willow growth, were sampled on the Embarras River in 1999. Through the use of dendrochronology, average ages of each tier were determined with the youngest tier averaging 1.1 years old, and the next three tiers averaging 3.4, 15.7, and 26.8 years respectively. The median width of point bar colonization was approximately 120 feet, indicating a migration rate of 4 to 5 feet per year. Results indicate that willow trees are colonizing point bars for a relatively long period of time allowing for the assessment of rapid meander migration rates. 52 GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATES IN THE CENTRAL U.S.: 1994- 1998. K.L. Baumann and V.P. Gutowski. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Atmospheric particulate data was gathered for a north-south transect of 1 3 states in the central U S This study focused on PM 10 (particulate matter smaller than 10 microns in diameter) which are the particles most easily inhaled and trapped in the respiratory system. The states were divided into three tiers, southern, central, and northern. The northern states (Ml, MN Wl) had the best air quality at approximately 19.6 ^g/m3. The central states (IL, IN, IA, KY, MO, TN) have the poorest air quahty at 25.7 ^g/m The southern tier (AL, AR, LA, MS) possessed a slighter better average at 23.4 Ag/m It was determined that industry and intensive agriculture of the central reqion resulted in the poorest air quality. Additionally, both higher soil moisture and an increased percentage of forested land contributes to the other tiers' better air quality. A relationship was demonstrated between county population and the amount of particulates present, where harder populations generate higher particulate values. ’ ® 67 53 URBAN SPRAWL: FARMLAND’S DEADLY ENEMY. Clifford H . Simonson . DeKalb, IL 60115. Accel lerating urban sprawl is destroying America’s most precious natural resource at an alarming rate. In the U.S. we began with about 600 million acres of agricultural land. We ar e losing 1 to 1 1/2 million acres of farmland each year . We have little more than 450 million acres remaining. Sprawl in the Chicago Metropolitan Area is using open land 6 times as much per person as in 1950; the Quad Cities 10 times as much; and Atlanta 10 to 20 times as much. Growndwater is being used up much faster, requiring a switch to Lake Michigan water for millions of people in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Planning and zoning, smart growth, purchasing development rights, and other mechanisms are attempting to slow down sprawl. 6 billion people are now competing for the same amount of water that one billion people once shared. If sprawl isn’t controlled, we will face drastic fresh water shortages and increased water-borne diseases soon; and become a net importer of food in less tin an 50 years. 54 PASSIVE SAMPLING DEVICES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF SOIL CONTAMINANT RESIDUES. K. A. Johnson, C. C. Friedel, and T. L. Kress. Southern Illinois University Edvvardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026-1652. Determination of the distribution of contaminants in soil may be one of the single most costly aspects in site assessments. Conventional determination of soil chemical concentrations typically involves lengthy solvent extractions and sample cleanup procedures which are usually time consuming and costly. A rapid sampling method using passive sampling techniques can provide a more thorough site assessment. Recently, many efforts have focused on the use of passive sampling devices (PDSs) to determine aqueous phase chemical concentrations in aquatic systems. We have been pursuing their application in terrestrial systems, and have found them to be capable of accurately estimating soil chemical concentrations. While the PSD is actually concentrating contaminants in the vapor phase, we have been successful in correlating vapor phase contaminant levels to soil concentrations. PSDs increase ease and speed of analysis, decrease solvent usage and overall cost, and minimize the transport of contaminated soils. Time and cost savings allow a high sampling frequency, providing a more thorough site characterization than traditional methods. We will present the theory of use, results from several field studies, and their implications for future use in determining the bioavailability of contaminants in soil. 55 ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS FOR CADMIUM TOLERANCE IN PINUS TAEDA. J.L.J. Houpis1, M.J. Mehranfar1. W.A. Retzlaff1. E.J. Esselman1, and J. Bozzola2. 'Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026; 2Southem Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901. Numerous sites in the United States have soils contaminated with heavy metals and expensive techniques have been used to remediate these soils. There is a need to develop cost-effective means for site remediation. The use of plants for remediation (phytoremediation) may substantially reduce the costs of soil remediation. Furthermore, phytoremediation can be enhanced by selecting the “best” adapted species and genotypes. The purpose of the present study was to examine genotypic differences in the mechanisms for cadmium (Cd) tolerance of Pinus taeda. We examined the cadmium tolerance of 4 genotypes of P. taeda. Seedlings were germinated and grown in a standard potting mix. Shortly after germination, the seedlings were subjected to one of two levels of Cd, either 0 ppm (control) or lOOppm Cd. After one month of treatment, we used transmission electron microscopy to examine the effects of Cd on chloroplasts. We also used an open-loop gas exchange system to examine the effects of Cd on photosynthesis. We determined that Cd drastically altered the chloroplast through reduction in thylakoids or swollen thylakoids. In conjunction with chloroplast disruption, we also observed a reduction in photosynthesis due to Cd. Genotypes responded differently to Cd treatment. 68 56 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEAF ANATOMY AND OZONE SENSITIVITY OF PRUNUS SPP. A. Wilson1, V-S. Polito2. and W.A. Retzlaff1, ‘Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026 and University of California, Davis, CA 95616. Foliage from 5 cultivars of almond ( Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Webb syn. P. amygdalus Batsch) and ‘Casselman’ plum (P. salicina Lindel.) was examined for anatomical characters that would correlate with known physiological ozone sensitivity (almond) or season-long ozone exposure (plum). Stomatal index (number of stomates/number of epidermal cells) of almond decreased from the least ozone- sensitive cultivar to the most sensitive. Stomatal index of plum foliage exposed to season-long high levels of ozone (2 times ambient) was higher compared to stomatal index of foliage exposed to ambient and sub-ambient ozone levels. Size of lower epidermal cells from plum foliage was also decreased by season-long ozone exposure. Altered foliage anatomical features indicate a massive developmental shift in leaf structure in response to ozone exposure by ‘Casselman’ plum. 57 Comparison of Above Ground Primary Productivity between Restored and Native Prairies . D. T. Fortes. Knox College, Galesburg, IL 61401. Green Oaks, the biological field station for Knox College, possesses three restored prairies composing 160 acres in total as well as a 3-acre native prairie. These restored prairies which are over 40 years old belong to the second oldest prairie restoration project in North America. However, as of yet there has been no substantial test as to the quality of the restoration. In order to test this, an experiment was set up to compare levels of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and ground cover of the three restored prairies to the native prairie. Results show that there is indeed significant difference in ANPP between the prairies (p=0.010), but this difference originates from West Prairie, one of the restored prairies. This is due to the fact that prior to commencing the study West Prairie underwent a burn, as per the Green Oaks management plans. There was no visible difference between the other three prairies. Furthermore, there was also a difference in cover, which is attributed to the same reason. I also determined that no significant relationship exists between ground cover and ANPP. 58 PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LOBLOLLY PINE FOR POTENTIAL USE IN ZINC REMEDIATION. Britton Marchese, James L.J. Houpis, Kevin Johnson, Kurt Schulz and Marion Smith. Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Box 1099, Edwardsville, IL, 62026. Phytoremediation, or the remediation of contaminated soil by plants, is emerging as a cost- effective alternative to traditional remediation methods, such as excavation and ex situ treatment. This experiment was intended to provide information about the ability of Loblolly pine seedlings to accumulate zinc without experiencing significant physiological damage. Five genotypes of Pinus taeda were germinated and grown from seed in the same container for 60 days. A randomized design with four replications of each treatment was used. Zinc treatments were administered in doses of 800, 400, 200 and 100 ppm plus a control (no metal treatments). Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to analyze the level of zinc in both soil and plant tissue, determining the differences in uptake between treatment levels. The relative efficiency of the electron transport pathway was measured using a portable chlorophyll fluorescence measurement system (model FMS, Hansatech, Kings Lynn, England) and gas exchange was simultaneously measured using an open-loop photosynthesis system (model LI-6400, Licor, Inc. Lincoln, Nebraska). Photosynthetic rates and fluorescence were measured several times over the course of the study. The results of this study indicate that pine seedlings that received the highest levels of zinc experienced the lowest photosynthetic rates, and differences varied among genotypes. 59 69 DIRECT EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF PINUS TAEDA (LOBLOLLY PINE). Renuka Sankaran , Kevin A. Johnson. James L J. Houpis and Marian Smith. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL-62026. Heavy metal contamination has received considerable attention regarding accumulation in soils, uptake by plants and contamination of waters. Phytoremediation, the use of vegetation to control contaminants, is an effective and inexpensive in situ approach for remediating contaminated soils and sediments. The objective of this study was to identify the direct effects of cadmium on key physiological processes of Pinus taeda seedlings. Measured physiological processes included net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration. Five different genotypes of loblolly pine were germinated and grown for one complete growing season. The plants were subjected to three different levels of cadmium treatment, control (Oppm), low (4ppm) and high (8ppm). Gas exchange measurements were taken using a photosynthetic system consisting of a portable infra¬ red gas analyzer (model LI-6400, Licor Inc., Lincoln, NB). Results showed a difference in the gas exchange characteristics due to cadmium treatments, and there were differences in cadmium effects among the five genotypes. 60 MEASURES OF CONTAMINANT BIOAVAILABILITY: A COMPARISON OF EARTHWORM BIOACCUMULATION AND PASSIVE SAMPLING DEVICE UPTAKE. Tracey L. Kress and Kevin A. Johnson. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62025-1652. The EPA has listed over 1200 contaminated sites as National Priority Listed hazardous waste sites. Most of these sites are a potential threat to humans and wildlife surrounding or living on them. Conventional methods to characterize soil concentration are costly, time consuming, and provide no indication of the contaminants’ biological threat. Our study was developed to provide for a more efficient and cost effective method for contaminant characterization (actual contaminant levels and their bioavailability). To do so, two 42-day studies are underway. One study involves earthworm ( Eisenici Foetida ) bioaccumulation of three contaminants (p,p’- DDT, dieldrin, and methoxychlor) at multiple concentrations, while the other involves the uptake of these contaminants by passive sampling devices (PSDs; polymeric membranes filled with a sorbent). The goal of this research is to determine if a correlation exists between contaminant uptake in PSDs and contaminant bioavailability as measured by bioaccumulation in earthworms. Studies are being conducted at multiple time points to evaluate effects of contaminant aging on bioavailability. Thus far, both the earthworms and PSDs reach equilibrium within the first 3 weeks of exposure and are following concentration dependent uptake. 61 TOXICITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF DIELDRIN CONTAMINATED SOILS. Christina C. Friedel and Kevin A. Johnson, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026-1652. Dieldrin which was once widely used in agricultural settings as an effective insecticide, is now regarded a toxic contaminant found in every state. Due to the compounds physical properties, it is rather persistent in soils, both to biotic and abiotic degradation. As a result, understanding the compound’s properties in soils remains extremely important. Our primary objectives were to assess the toxicity of dieldrin in fortified soils and to determine some measure of the contaminant’s bioavailability (the fraction of chemical that can reach a receptor and cause a biological response) in these soils. Standardized 14-day toxicity tests were conducted with the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Measures of bioavailability included using a standard batch desorption technique to determine the contaminant’s sorption coefficient, as well as using passive sampling devices (PSDs; polymeric membranes filled with a sorbent). The latter method is in an attempt to use PSDs as biological surrogates in field evaluations regarding contaminant bioavailability. Each study is being conducted at multiple time points to evaluate contaminant aging. During the first time point, the earthworm 14-day LD50 was found to be approximately 86.4 ug dieldrin /g soil. We also determined that PSD uptake is concentration dependant. 70 62 ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY IMPACTS ON BALD EAGLE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS ALONG THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER. K.J. McKay, J.W. Stravers. B.R. Conklin. U. Konig. and S. Hawks, Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, IL 61256. During 1994 and 1995, we assessed the effects of human activity on bald eagle reproductive success within pools 9-11 of the Upper Mississippi River. All human activity units (HAU) occurring within 1.0 mile of the nests were recorded during two-hour observation periods, conducted once a week and every other weekend throughout the breeding season. Eagle productivity was compared between low and high traffic sites. In 1994, total HAU ranged from 9-125 at low traffic nests, resulting in an average of 2.16 per hour. These sites produced 10 fledglings. By comparison, total HAU at high traffic nests ranged from 143-364 and averaged 7.68 per hour. These sites fledged only 5 birds. In contrast, the 1995 total HAU at low traffic nests ranged from 24-1 1 1 and averaged 1.50 per hour. However, these sites only fledged 6 eagles. The total HAU at high traffic nests ranged from 130-260, resulting in an average of 3.88 per hour. These sites produced 1 1 fledglings. The contradicting results between the two years may have been due to the much stronger dichotomy which distinguished high from low traffic sites in 1994, as compared to 1995. Essentially, all sites were relatively low traffic in 1995. Based on these results, truly high rates of human activity did indeed seem to negatively impact the reproductive success of bald eagles. 63 MIDWESTERN RAPTOR POPULATION TRENDS AS DETERMINED BY FORTY YEARS OF CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT DATA. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, IL 61256, P C. Petersen. Quad City Audubon Society, Davenport, IA 52803. Long-term information concerning regional raptor population trends is minimal. The Quad City Audubon Society has conducted 5 Christmas Bird Counts (CBC), which center on or near the Mississippi River in eastcentral Iowa and northwest Illinois, since the mid 1950’s. We decided to use this CBC data to examine midwestem raptor population trends from a local perspective. During our analysis, we combined the data into 5-year increments. Seven species are characterized by populations which were stable until the mid 1970’s to mid 1980’s, after which they have increased. These species include the sharp-shinned hawk {Accipiter striatus), cooper’s hawk ( Accipiter cooperii ), red-tailed hawk ( Buteo jamaicensis ), american kestrel ( Falco sparverius), bald eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ), barred owl ( Strix varia), and the eastern screech-owl {Otus asio). The red-shouldered hawk {Buteo lineatus ), long-eared owl ( Asio otus), and short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) are characterized by populations that have declined severely and have never recovered. Populations of the northern harrier {Circus cyaneus ) and rough-legged hawk {Buteo lagopus) have fluctuated substantially since the mid 1950’s, while the great homed owl {Bubo virginianus) has steadily increased. We believe the CBC program can assist in monitoring regional raptor population trends over time. 64 USING CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT DATA TO MONITOR POPULATIONS OF ICTERIDS AND SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH HUMANS. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, IL 61256, P.C. Petersen. Quad City Audubon Society, Davenport, IA 52803. Each year since the mid 1950’s the Quad City Audubon Society has conducted 5 Christmas Bird Counts (CBC) in eastcentral Iowa and northwest Illinois. We used this long-term data to examine the population trends of several avian species closely associated with humans, as well as various icterid (blackbird) species. During our analysis, we combined the data into 5 -year increments. The population trends of the european starling {Stumus vulgaris ), house sparrow {Passer domesticus ), red-winged blackbird {Agelaius phoeniceus), and brown-headed cowbird {Molothrus ater) have been characterized by large fluctuations. In contrast, the common grackle {Quiscalus quiscula ) appeared to maintain a fairly stable population, interrupted by a brief increase. The american crow {Corvus brachyrhynchos) has steadily increased since the mid 1950’s, while the meadowlark species {Stumella sp.) have experienced a substantial decline since the late 1970’s. Rock doves {Columba livia), which were not counted on CBC’s prior to the mid 1970’s, increased gradually through the 1980’s and have since stabilized. The house finch {Carpodacus mexicanus ), which was not present in the midwest until the mid 1980’s, continues to increase rapidly. We believe the CBC program can assist in monitoring avian population trends and responses to both broad-scale as well as local environmental conditions. 65 71 AVIAN MONITORING AND SPRING MIGRATION RESPONSE TO THE 1993 FLOOD ON MARK TWAIN NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE. K.J. McKay, Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, IL 61256, P C. Petersen, Quad City Audubon Society, Davenport, IA 52803, J.P. Quinlivan and M S. Bomstein. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wapello, IA 52653. For several years, we conducted avian point count surveys to monitor species composition and relative abundance at the Big Timber and Keithsburg Divisions of the Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge. These surveys were conducted during both migration seasons and the breeding season. In 3 years (1992-1994), we identified 1 13 species at Big Timber. After 2 years at Keithsburg (1993-1994), 124 species had been observed. The 1993 flood provided an opportunity to examine the immediate response of the avian community to a major flood event. Initially, we have only analyzed spring migration data from Big Timber. The results have indicated that a slightly greater number of individuals were observed following the flood, while species diversity declined. Additionally, habitat generalists and edge species seemed to increase, while habitat specialists and interior species were either maintaining stable populations or were decreasing. Although not statistically significant, we suggest that these differences may be biologically important. Our results are limited and extremely preliminary. However, they do suggest a possibly substantial and dynamic response by the avian community to major flooding events. 66 CRITICAL TRENDS IN ILLINOIS STREAM HEALTH USING AN EPHEMEROPTERA, PLECOPTERA, AND TRICHOPTERA (EPT) SPECIES ASSEMBLAGE. R. E. PeWalL Illinois Natural History Sunrey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign EL 61820, edewalt@ inhs.uiuc.edu. The Critical Trends and Assessment Program (CTAP) of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS) began in 1 997 to quantitatively assess spatial and temporal condition of the state's streams. The >1700 Illinois townships were used as a population from which to draw a sample of 150 townships (30 sampled each year) over a 5-yr period. The number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera. and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa per unit effort, Hilsenhoff s Biotic Index (HBI) based on EPT, and a habitat quality index were used to assess the condition of these streams. Three of the five years of sampling have been completed. EJPT and HBI data are available for two yean, while habitat quality is available for three. Site specific averages for EPT taxa richness ranged from zero to 17.0 (n=58) and averaged 7.13 statewide. Site specific averages for HBI ranged from 3.1 to 7.1 (n=56), with a statewide mean of 5.2. Habitat quality ranged from 25 to 146. with a statewide average of 88.5 (n=87). A weak, negative relationship existed between EPT and HBI (R2^=0.09, p=0.00l2. o= 1 12 samples), while no statistical relationship was found for either EPT or HBI with habitat quality. Illinois natural divisions with heavy agriculture or high human populations were more heavily impacted than others. Attitudes about land use practices are changing in Illinois. Most fanners now practice some method of conservation tillage, while urbanites are realizing that the condition of the natural setting has an impact upon their own well being. CTAP is cunently setting a baseline for monitoring changes in streams as land use patterns change. 67 ANURAN DIVERSITY AND POPULATION TRENDS IN EASTCENTRAL IOWA FROM 1993-1996. K,J, McKay, Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, IL 61256. Since 1993, 1 have conducted 3 frog and toad breeding chorus survey routes in eastcentral Iowa (Clinton and Scott Counties) as part of the Iowa Department of Natural Resources’ state-wide project, designed to monitor anuran populations and distributions. Each route was sampled 3 times during the amphibian breeding season (early, middle, and late). At each point, species were identified and assigned a relative abundance score ranging from 1 to 3. Among the 3 routes, species diversity was similar each year (7 to 10 species). The relative abundance of each species was analyzed among the 4 years and between the 3 routes to determine population trends. Of the 10 total species that have been identified, 6 differed significantly between the years. These included the western chorus frog ( Pseudacris triseriata ), eastern gray treefrog {Hyla versicolor ), cope’s gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis), northern leopard frog ( Rana pipiens ), american toad ( Bufo americanus ), and the cricket frog ( Acris crepitans). Most of these species seemed to be increasing more recently. Only 3 species differed significantly between the routes, with no obvious trend. These included the eastern gray treefrog, cope’s gray treefrog, and the green frog {Rana clamitans). Based on this data, anuran populations seem to be influenced more by year than by location, suggesting that these populations are impacted substantially by short-term environmental factors such as weather or floods. 72 68 DECLINE OF SALAMANDER POPULATIONS DUE TO THE GREAT FLOOD OF 1993? P. E. Brunkow, J. L. Badasch, and P. A. Herman. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Declines of native amphibian populations have been variously attributed to such causes as novel diseases, increased UV radiation, and habitat destruction. However, responses of amphibians to natural catastrophes have been little studied. Flooding in the Mississippi River basin in 1993 resulted in extensive inundation of adjacent natural areas, including known amphibian breeding sites. We surveyed a state nature preserve in southern Illinois for four species of salamanders (Ambystoma sp.) during 1999 - 2000. Comparison of our data with those collected by another investigator at the same site in 1989 reveal a dramatic decline in abundance of these animals; whereas over 320 individuals of four different species were located in 1989, we captured only 26 individuals of three species in 1999. We also observed no embryos and only very few salamander larvae in breeding pools within the reserve. Individuals of one of the species (A. maculatumj were also significantly smaller in 1999 than in 1989. Anecdotal evidence provided by other investigators also suggest that salamander abundance has greatly declined in this area. Because this relatively pristine site is a state nature preserve in which no human activities are allowed, we feel the most likely cause of this decline was inundation by floodwaters in 1993. Possible mechanisms by which flooding could impact amphibian populations, particularly salamanders, are discussed. 69 CYCLING OF MANGANESE AND SULFIDE LN COUGAR LAKE (MADISON COUNTY, 1L). T.L. Deming, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62025. Cougar Lake is a highly eutrophic lake on the Southern Illinois University Edwardsville campus. In this lake, temporal and spatial distributions of manganese and sulfide should be strongly influenced by oxygen concentrations. Biweekly water samples were collected in a vertical profile of the deepest part of the lake (12 m) from February 1998 to October 1999. Each year, the lake stratifies from April until October, with a thermocline developing at approximately five meters. Temperatures are isothermal during the remaining months. Dissolved oxygen becomes depleted to less than two ppm from five to twelve meters, during stratification. The highest concentrations of sulfide (0.2-0. 8 mg/L) and manganese (1. 0-4.0 mg/L) occur in the hypolimnion during summer stratification, while in the epilimnion, concentrations are low or below detection. From November to March while the lake is unstratified, manganese and sulfide levels are below detection throughout the water column. We hypothesize that high sulfide concentrations are produced by sulfate reduction in the lake hypolimnion and that manganese is solubilized from the sediment at low redox potential. The manganese and sulfide biogeochemistry of Cougar Lake is typical of highly eutrophic lakes elsewhere. 70 PHOSPHORUS AND EUTROPHICATION IN COUGAR LAKE, MADISON COUNTY ILLINOIS Chad Rieger, Richard Brugam. Alan Stueber, and Kevin Johnson Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62025 Phosphorus is the main nutrient that limits plant production in freshwater lakes and streams. Cougar Lake, a hypereutrophic lake on the SIU Edwardsville campus, receives tertiary treated sewage from the university. Our hypothesis is that most of the phosphorus in the lake water comes from the treatment plant and from recycling of the sediments. To test the hypothesis, we sampled total phosphorus in the water column, the sewage effluent, and the lake outfall. The measurements of the sewage effluent show higher concentrations than the lake surface water. A vertical profile of phosphorus indicates a large amount of recycling of phosphorus from the sediment. A phosphorus budget for the lake will be necessary to show whether the sewage effluent or recycling is more important in controlling the trophic status of the lake. 73 71 MOSSES OF THE IRONS OAKS ENVIRONMENTAL LEARNING CENTER, COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS. J.R. Rastorfer, L. K. Myers, and A. Moore , Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628. The Irons Oaks Environmental Learning Center is a nature preserve located in southern Cook County, and it is under the jurisdiction of the Homewood-Flossmoor and Olympia Fields Park Districts. The preserve consists of two woodland parcels of nearly equal size with a total area of about 33 acres (13.4 hectares). The objective of this study was to foster an awareness of bryophytes as noteworthy f loristic elements of the preserve. During three field trips, forty one field specimens were collected from which twenty three species of mosses (Musci, Bryopsida) were recognized. Common species on bark and decaying logs were Leskea gracilescens and Platygyrium repens . On the other hand, common species on soil were Atr ichum angus ta turn , Eurhynchium hians , and Mnium cuspidatum . 72 FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY OF HUMAN PLATELETS. M.S. Richards, P.T. Zvkan. D.N. Mehta, and D.J. Kitz. S. Illinois University at Edwardsville, 1L 62026-1651. Platelets, derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, are'cell fragments which circulate in the bloodstream and which contribute to clotting and wound repair. In addition, it is becoming more obvious that platelets play an important role in host defense against all categories of infectious agents. Our focus has been on better understanding of platelet-fungus interactions. Both Candida glabrata and Candida lusitaniae are inhibited by platelets, although the inhibition in vitro occurs in a narrow window of time 15-30 minutes after co-incubation. A number of fungus pathogens potentially utilize the bloodstream for dissemination, and it appears likely that human platelets exhibit some fungicidal activity that is of benefit to the host. Supported in part by the Max Baer Heart Fund, Fraternal Order of Eagles. 73 THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY OLESTRA ON RAT SERUM AND LIVER FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMIN CONCENTRATIONS AND LIVER ULTRA STRUCTURE . A.K. Snvder. Knox College, Galesburg, IL 61401. Olestra is a non-absorbable sucrose polyester that serves as a non-caloric fat replacement in foods. Extensive studies have shown that olestra is lipophilic, and therefore fat-soluble nutrients such as vitamins A and E may partition into the olestra in the GI tract and pass through the body unabsorbed. Previous studies, however, have not included the ultrastructural effects of olestra on the jejunal and liver tissues. In this experiment, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet consisting of rat chow and WOW potato chips containing 5% and 10% olestra by weight for 40 days. The diets of two control groups consisted of rat chow only and rat chow and regular potato chips. HPLC was performed on the rat blood serum and liver samples to determine relative amounts of retinol and alpha-tocopherol. Preliminary data suggest significantly greater blood alpha-tocopherol concentrations in the control chips group than in the two olestra fed groups (p=0.008, 0.020) and in the control chow group than in the 10% olestra fed group (p=0.049). Transmission electron microscopic examinations are currently being conducted to determine any ultrastructural variations in the liver and jejunal tissues of these rats that might correlate with the vitamin results. 74 74 SEASONALITY OF BIRTH IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OR HEAD & NECK NEOPLASIAS. A G. Amador, G. Eckert. K. Larbv. J.K Hartsfield. Jr.. Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202. Seasonality of birth has been observed in the incidence of some genetic disorders such as Down syndrome. Some of the most important xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, N-acetyl transferases, are also involved in the metabolic pathway of pineal indolamines. These molecules are responsible for regulating many aspects of circadian and circannual cycles. They also exert important effects on reproduction, and on lactogenic hormones. The latter being important for immune function. In an analysis of patients admitted to University Hospital, seasonality of birth was observed in women diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer. This was also the case for men diagnosed with prostate or testicular cancer. In ever-smokers diagnosed with oral, pharyngeal or laryngeal cancer, the occurrence of seasonality of birth was dramatically evident. These preliminary results appear to indicate that seasonal changes in the hormonal milieu might imprint the fetus' immune system. This could then modulate the ability of an individual to combat specific types of neoplasias. 75 GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES (GST) GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL, PHARYNGEAL & LARYNGEAL CANCERS (OPLCA). AG. Amador. P.D. Righi. S/ Radpour, E.T. Everett, E. Weisberger. M. Langer. G. Eckert. A G. Christen. S. Campbell. D-J. Summerlin. J.K Hartsfield. Jr., Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes have been implicated in the carcinogenesis of tobacco-related neoplasias. Gene polymorphisms are known to occur in genes coding for GSTMJ , GSTT1 and GSTPJ . Therefore, a search for over- or under-representation of any of these genes in patients with OPLCA was undertaken. This was done using PCR followed by RFLP for GSTPJ , and by allele specific multiplex PCR for GSTMland GS'lTl. The study groups included 120 ever-smokers (ES) and 15 never-smokers (NS), which were compared to a random Indiana control population sample of 99 individuals (C). In OPLCA patients, there was an over-representation of homozygosity for the GSTT1 null allele (but not for the GSTMJ null allele) in ES in general, when compared to C (21.45% vs. 10.10; P=0.027). Analysis of polymorphisms at the GSTPJ locus did not show differences versus C. However, NS had a 3.5 times higher incidence of the low activity producing B/B genotype compared to ES (P=0.043). 76 MICROSOMAL EPOXIDE HYDROLASE (EPHXJ) GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL, PHARYNGEAL & LARYNGEAL CANCERS (OPLCA). A G. Amador. P.D. Ridii. Sh Radpour, E.T, Everett. E. Wcisberger. M. Langer, G. Eckert. A G. Christen. S. Campbell. D-J. Summerlin. J.K. Hartsfield. Jr., Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes have been implicated in the carcinogenesis of tobacco-related neoplasias. Gene polymorphisms are known to occur in the gene coding for EPHXJ . Thus, a search for over- or under¬ representation of any of these genes in patients with OPLCA was undertaken. This was done using PCRs followed by RFLPs. The study groups included 120 ever-smokers (ES) and 15 never-smokers (NS), which were compared to a random Indiana control population sample of 99 individuals (C). At the EPHXJ codon 113, a significant over-representation of the normal (high; 100%) activity producing genotype ( TYRJTYR ) was observed when compared to C. This was observed for male ES (P=0.012). This was also observed for the overall groups of ES (P=0.001) and of NS (P=0.006). A less dramatic, but significant over- representation of the TYR/TYR genotype was observed in female NS (P=0.042). At the EPHXJ codon 139, no differences were detected among the C, ES and NS groups. 75 77 BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL BIOCONVERSION OF OLEIC ACID TO POTENTIAL VALUE- ADDED PRODUCTS. S. Matkovich, S. Jong-Hyun, J.-K. Huang, K. Keudell, and R. Gessner. Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455. Selected environmental bacterial and fungal strains were screened for their ability to bioconvert oleic acid, which can be found in soybean soapstock product, to industrial useful value-added products. Bacteria were grown in a yeast extract-tryptone broth and fungi in a yeast extract-glucose broth. The cultures were sampled at various intervals. The broth samples were extracted for lipids and analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Selected lipid spots detected on the plates were removed and subjected to further characterization by gas chromatograpy-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Fifteen fungal isolates were examined but none produced significant bioconversion products. A total of 36 environmental bacterial isolates were tested. Strains # 1 8 and U 1 5, gram-positive cocci, and strain 5d- 1 , Bacillus cereus , as shown by TLC, were able to convert oleic acid to polar compounds, some of which approximated the mobility of hydroxy fatty acids and some the mobility of keto acids. One of these compounds produced by strain #18 was identified by GC-MS as 10-keto octadecanoic acid. Other investigators have shown that 10- keto octadecanoic acid has potential use in industry. 78 IDENTIFYING THE POTENTIAL FOR THE CHYTRID FUNGUS IN AMPHIBIAN SPECIES IN NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS. A. Sadlonova. Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 61201. In recent years researchers all over the world were trying to identify various factors contributing to the decline of amphibian species. The objective of my work has been to look for a possible infection by Chytrid fungus in amphibians of northwestern Illinois. This fungus specifically grows and infects the keratinized skin of the pelvic patch, fingers, and toes of adults and in the mouth region of tadpoles. American toads (Bufo americanus) and the northern leopard frogs (Rana pipens > were used for this experiment. The pelvic patches of frogs were swabbed with a sterile cotton swab and cultured on the YpSs agar. The bacteria identified were aerobic. Gram positive/negative rods and cocci and fungi present were compared to a control sample of Chytridium sp. ordered for the experiment. Of the samples examined to date, none contained Chytridium sp. The reason why Chytrid fungus has been so crucial to investigate is because of negative impacts on frog’s health and its potential to be one of the possible factors leading to the amphibian decline in this region of the country. 79 MOLD SPORE OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION INSIDE AND OUTSIDE A CLASSROOM BUILDING. A. M. Augustine and R. V. Gessner. Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455. Air samples were taken during the spring and fall of 1998 and the winter of 1999 with an Andersen Single Stage Particle Sampler to determine the presence of viable airborne mold spores. Colony forming units (CFU) were determined on malt extract agar plates from one outside location and at 3 locations on each of the 4 floors inside the building. The highest concentrations of mold spores in the air were found during the fall months. Outside air usually had higher mold counts than air from indoors. The basement usually had the highest indoor concentration of spores. The most common genera of molds identified were Aspergillus , Cladosporium , Epicoccum, and Penicillium. Typically Cladosporium is one of the most common molds found outdoors and is a common cause of allergies. Aspergillus and Penicillium have also been reported to be common allergens in indoor environments. Viable mold spore counts exceeded 1000CFU/m3 on two occasions during the study which are levels suggested by the National Institute for Occupational Safety that can cause hypersensitivity or other respiratory conditions. 76 80 EVALUATION OF COLIFORM CONTAMINATION OF TOOTHBRUSHES AS A FUNCTION OF STORAGE AND HANDLING. N.M. Gifford. S.K. Harvey, and D.L. Weoman-Geedev. Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 61201. Prompted by a small (n=10) pilot study that evaluated the bacteria present on toothbrushes (Taji and Rogers, 1998), we focused on factors affecting the presence of conforms. Conforms are Gram negative, Lac+ bacilli that are present in normal human gut flora and are commonly used as indicators of sewage contamination and possible pathogen presence in municipal water treatment plants. We qualitatively testing for conforms and determined their presence correlating to a variety of factors, including toothbrush storage, handling methods, and bathroom cleaning habits. The brushes collected were cultured in lactose broth, a differential medium used to identify Lac+ bacteria. Samples from positive lactose cultures were streaked on methylumbelliferone gluconuride (MUG) plates. MUG agar identifies conforms which produce a byproduct that fluoresces under ultraviolet light. Various factors were evaluated using a Chi Square analysis: no significant relationships between conform presence and any of the factors we investigated were found. 81 MULTILOCUS ENZYME ANALYSIS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS FROM CALVES. Z. Halloran. P, MadeGowda, and K. Keudell. Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455. Escherichia coli strains isolated from the intestines of calves, provided with different feed supplements, were examined by multilocus enzyme analysis in order to determine strain similarities and changes. Representative, selected strains were grown in broth, cells removed by centrifugation, and sonicated to obtain cell-free extracts. The extracts were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the gels stained for proteins and selected enzymes. Staining for nonspecific proteins indicated all strains were similar as determined by Rf values. However, specific staining for malate dehydrogenase (MDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was performed and Rf differences were noted between the selected bacterial strains isolated from the calves fed the same supplements and calves fed different supplements. The multilocus data was compared to previous biochemical and bacteriophage sensitivity analysis. Multilocus enzyme analysis indicated that there are strain differences in individual calves and those fed different supplements. 82 MOTIVATING STUDENTS IN SCIENCE, MATH AND TECHNOLOGY IS A CHALLENGING TASK. R.N. Woll, N. Woll and Company, Inc., San Jose, IL. The approach described here is being developed by the educational foundation of the Experimental Aircraft Association, an international organization. This is a project funded by endowments to research, design, test and disseminate aviation-based educational activities. The goal is to inspire educational achievement in young people through the excitement of aviation. The author will report on the progress and will show curriculum examples . 83 77 LEGO UNIT CELL MODELS. M.K. Querns and D.J. Campbell, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, and B.A. Socie and A.B Ellis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53706. LEGO® building blocks, a medium that most students are familiar and comfortable with, can be used to model unit cell structures. Two-dimensional unit cells can be demonstrated with repeating patterns of translucent LEGO®s on an overhead projector for a large number of people to see. LEGO® models can also be built for three-dimensional unit cells. Many current kits for modeling these unit cells contain only representations of whole atoms, resulting in representations of unit cells with misleading borders. With LEGO® bricks, it is possible to build models of partial atoms. With partial atoms, a unit cell can be built with more accurate borders. 84 IMPACT OF WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITY ON RECREATIONAL VALUE OF INTERSTATE BORROW PITS. LA. McGaughev, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, EL. 61920 Excavation associated with construction of interstate highways during the 1960*5 resulted in the productions! numerous ponds and small lakes commonly referred to as “borrow pits”. Because these provide opportunities for water-based recreation (e.g. swimming, boating, fishing}, concerns about water quality and the ability of borrow pits to support these activities is valid. At the request of local residents, a study was conducted during the Summer 1999 to assess the water quality of a borrow pit neaF Areola EL. Water samples were collected and analyzed over a 3-month period and sediment samples were collected for trace mineral analysis. Analysis indicated bigb alkalinity and hardness levels with low dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand and total solids. Trace mineral analyses indicated heavy metals such asHg, Cd, and Pb, were below or equal to accepted EPA-standards. It was concluded that the water quality did not impose any restrictions to leisure activities. Like or similar water and sediment analyses from other borrow pits would confirm the same recreational opportunities. 85 THE EFFECTS OF HABITAT FRAGMENTATION ON ILLINOIS STREAM FISH COMMUNITIES. R. U. Fischer and K Popp. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, 61920. Alteration or clearing of riparian zone vegetation may cause stream habitat fragmentation by creating a network of distinct patches within a stream. To date, few studies have investigated the effects of fragmentation and the formation of distinct patches on fish community structure within a stream system. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate if changes in riparian zone vegetation cause distinct patch formation within a stream system, and 2) to determine the affects of instream patch formation on a stream fish community. Fish were sampled with an electric seine from seven sites, at varing stages of riparian zone fragmentation, along Polecat Creek in Coles County, Illinois. Fish collected were used for determination of the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), species richness and species diversity for each site. When sites were compared for each indices, there was a significant difference in IBI values and species richness between sites, with higher mean IBI and species richness values obtained from the good sites. The differences observed in IBI between the two site classifications were due to a reduction in: 1) the number of intolerant species present and 2) the proportion of carnivores and insectivorous cyprinids present in the good sites. The results suggest that fragmentation of the riparian zone may cause a significant effect on the overall biotic integrity of a stream. 78 86 OPTIMAL EGG THEORY AND VARIATION IN REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT IN THE RED-EARED SLIDER ( TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA ELEGANS) . John K. Tucker, Illinois Natural History Survey, 8450 Montclaire Avenue, Brighton, IL 62012, USA. Data from more than 1500 red-eared sliders ( Trachemys scripts elegans) collected at two locations between 1994 and 1998 are presented. I ask whether the patterns of variation found are consistent with optimal egg theory. I found that turtles from Stump Lake (Jersey County, Illinois) tended to lay more but smaller eggs than did females from Swan Lake (Calhoun County, Illinois). This dichotomy persisted despite annual variation in reproductive output at both sites. Variation also occurred among size cohorts at each location but the variation differed between locations. I propose that differences in the kind and amount of reproductive output is due to mechanical constraints on egg shape, but that these constraints are not necessarily contradictory in relation to optimal egg theory. 87 MATING BEHAVIOR AND INTRASEXUAL SELECTION IN THE WOLF SPIDER PARDOSA MILVINA (ARANEAE: LYCOS ID AE) Cora Allard and Marianne Robertson. Millikin University, Decatur, IL 62521. We examined mating behavior and male-male competition in the wolf spider, Pardosa milvina.. We observed 20 mating pairs of P. milvina and described 21 behaviors and 25 significant behavioral transitions in the courtship and copulation. Additionally, we conducted 21 trials to examine male-male competition for mates. We introduced two virgin males simultaneously into an arena with a virgin female. We terminated mating trials two minutes after the first male to mate broke physical contact with the female. The larger male mated in 13 trials, and the smaller male mated in 8 trials. Sexual cannabalism occurred in two trials, both males mated in one trial, and male-male cannabalism occurred in one trial. 88 CONTAMINATION OF PUBLIC HUNTING AREAS BY SPENT LEAD SHOT. C. Coon and T\ Nelson, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, 61920. Although federal and state regulations require the use of nontoxic shot for waterfowl hunting, lead shot is still permitted for most upland hunting. We conducted a study on 3 public hunting areas in Illinois to assess the density of spent lead shot in sunflower fields managed for dove hunting. In addition, we estimated lead concentrations in the soils, sunflower seeds, and resident wildlife species in these fields relative to adjacent control fields. Shot densities were high in the dove fields, exceeding 120,000 shot/ha in all fields. Disking these fields reduced shot densities in the top 1 cm of soil by approximately 80%. Lead concentration were relatively low in soils and seeds, but were higher than in control fields. Of 175 doves tested on the 3 sites, 2% had ingested lead shot in the gizzard. The mean concentration of lead in dove livers was 2.9 ppm, but 5% of these doves had concentrations >10 ppm. Deer mice inhabiting dove fields also showed elevated lead concentrations in their livers. 89 79 EARLY SEASON BASKING IN THE RED-EARED SLIDER, TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA. Andrew R. Kuhns, Illinois State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Normal, IL 6 1 790, and Michael J. Dreslik, Illinois Natural History Survey, Center for Biodiversity, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820. We examined timing and location of early spring basking activity and perch characteristics in Trachemys scripta. The greatest basking activity occurred from 13:00 - 14:00 hrs along the shorelines with the least human habitation. Medium-sized turtles basked uniformly throughout the day, whereas small turtles exhibited a mid-day peak. Finally, smaller turtles basked on perches with smaller circumferences compared to medium-sized turtles. 90 JUMPING SPIDERS (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE): OBLIGATE OR FACULTATIVE PREDATORS? Vickers, M., M. W Robertson, and J. St. James, Millikin University, Decatur 62522. Jumping spider are active hunters that rely on the visual cues of prey movement to capture prey. We successfully raised jumping spiders, Phidippus audax, to maturity as obligate scavengers. We examined the effects of substrate presence versus absence and small (10 cm diameter) versus large (14.4 cm diameter) arena size on the spiders ability to scavenge. Data from scavengers were compared to data from control spiders that received live prey. Although spiders in all treatments survived to maturity, mortality was highest for scavengers in large arenas with substrate. Additionally, time required to reach maturity was longer in scavengers with substrate. Upon maturity, spiders raised as predators and those raised as scavengers chose live prey more often than dead prey when presented with both simultaneously. These results indicate that, although spiders can mature on a diet of dead prey, it may not be a common occurrence in nature. 91 PREDATION ON ARTIFICIAL GROUND NESTS IN RELATION TO EDGE TYPE- A COMPARISON OF FOREST-AGRICULTURE, FOREST-GRASSLAND, AND FOREST- LAKE EDGES. Dawn Reding and Eric K. Bollinger. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Many studies have shown that proximity to habitat edges and size of forest fragments affect rates of predation on artificial and natural bird nests, however, results have been inconsistent. In order to explain the varying results, it is necessary to understand the conditions that lead to edge effects. In this study, the effect that the type of nonforest land-use has on predation rates was examined in east- central Illinois. Four trials were conducted in which artificial nests baited with chicken, bobwhite, or passerine eggs were placed along forest/row crop, forest/grassland, and forest/lake edges and in the forest interior. Clay eggs and track boards were used to identify the predators responsible for predation events. After eight days of exposure, eggs found out of the nest, destroyed in the nest, or missing were classified as depredated. Predation rates were then compared among the edges and egg types. The results showed a significant difference in predation rates among the different edge types, with row crop edges having the highest rates and lake edges the lowest. This suggests that edge type should be taken into consideration when designing and drawing conclusions from edge effect studies. 80 92 MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON ALONG A RESERVOIR GRADIENT. C.L. Pederson and C.A. Long. Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Reservoirs occupy an intermediate position between rivers and natural lakes with regard to morphologic and hydrologic characteristics. Riverine, transition and lacustrine zones are distinguishable along the axis of most reservoirs - each with recognizable biotic and abiotic features. We sought to investigate the influence of this gradient on morphological variation within a population of Daphnia lumholtii - a species of crustacean zooplankton with pronounced cyclomorphic features including lateral fomices and pronounced head and tail spines. Zooplankton were collected by making vertical tows at three sites within Lake Taylorville, Christian County, Illinois for a 24 month period beginning in February 1993. Temporal and spatial variation of total body length, head-spine length and tail- spine length were observed to be correlated with limnological conditions of each of the three reservoir zones. We propose that the adaptive significance of cyclomorphic features as a means of minimizing the predation by size-dependent planktivores is not constant in the spatially heterogeneous environment provided by reservoirs. 93 FORELIMB PREFERENCE DURING PREY CAPTURE IN THE FIRST FOUR INSTARS OF THE CHINESE MANTEDS, TENODERA ARIDIFOLIA SINENSIS (MANTODEA: MANTIDAE). J.N. STEED, M.W. ROBERTSON and J. ST. JAMES. Millikin University, Decatur, EL 62522. We are examining handedness in the Chinese mantid, Tenodera aridifolia sinensis , by observing which foreleg mantids use to reach for and to grasp prey. Each mantid (n = 240) is tested six times within each instar, and if a mantid uses the same foreleg in four or more trials, it is considered handed. None of first through fourth instar mantids exhibited handedness in reaching. Approximately 12.0% of first and second instar mantids exhibited handedness in grasping; however, approximately 20.0% of third instar and 32.0% of fourth instar mantids exhibited handedness in grasping. We predict that handedness will continue to increase in successive instars as prey size decreases relative to mantid size. At present, there is no consistent hand preference within any individual throughout the four instars tested. 94 REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OCCUPYING A DISTURBED SAND PRAIRIE HABITAT. John K. Tucker and Robert J. Cosgriff, Illinois Natural History Survey, 8450 Montclaire Avenue, Brighton, IL 62012, USA. Reptiles and amphibians collected with drift fences and pitfall traps at a disturbed sand prairie in Madison County, Illinois are summarized. Between 1996 and 1999, 5,257 captures were made of 23 species, including ten anuran species, two salamander species, one lizard species, six snake species, and four turtle species. Variation in density from year to year was found between 1997 and 1999. Possible explanations for these are proposed. Our findings indicate that even highly disturbed habitats may retain sizable reptile and amphibian species diversity. 81 95 THE EFFECTS OF BONZI AND B-NINE, GROWTH INHIBITORS, ON ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA AND ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA. P.M. Buekert and T.S. Fowler. Western Illinois University, Macomb 61455. Bonzi was utilized as a soil drench and foliar spray on two species: Asclepias curassavica and Asclepias tuberosa. B-Nine, another growth inhibitor, was also utilized as a foliar spray at two varying strengths for the two species. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the two growth inhibitors on the species, since both usually grow rather tall, and a shorter-more-compact plant could significantly increase their potential use in the ornamental horticulture business. Graphical tracking was recorded for both species’ weekly height. A randomized complete block design was utilized for each treatment. Number of axillary shoots at time of visible flower bud development and number of internodes were recorded. Results from the study revealed that B-Nine was successful as a foliar spray in shortening the height of A. tuberosa but not A. currassavica. Bonzi, as a foliar spray and drench, was successful in height control of A. tuberosa but not A. currassavica. It can not be concluded that either growth inhibitors were effective on A. currassavica. Further research and possible additional applications of the growth inhibitors should be attempted for shorter plants of Asclepias curassavica and Asclepias tuberosa. 96 SCARIFICATION OF STYLISMA PICKERINGII (PATTERSON BINDWEED) SEEDS USING DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES. B L Todd. J.M, Coons, and H R. Owen. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. The seed coat of Stylisma pickeringii (Torr.) Gray (Patterson bindweed), an endangered plant species of Illinois sand prairies, inhibits the germination of its seeds. Hie purpose of this research project is to find an effective and efficient way to scarify the seeds of Patterson bindweed in order that the plant can eventually be reintroduced into its natural habitat. Seeds were collected from the sandy flood plain along the Illinois River near Snicarte, Illinois during the summers of 1998 and 1999. Several experiments were conducted to determine the best scarification techniques, i.e. basal cut, sulfuric acid, sand and sandpaper shakes, and sonication. Initially, each technique was studied by scarifying the seeds for different times (except for the basal cut). The best times determined from each scarification technique were then compared. Seeds were germinated in petri dishes at 25°C after scarification. The basal cut, 48-hour sandpaper shake, 120-minute acid soak, and the 72-hour sand shake resulted in significantly similar germination with 96, 92, 84, and 84%, respectively. The sonicator technique and the control only yielded 4 and 0% germination respectively. The best method of scarifying seeds of Patterson bindweed is believed to be the 48-hour sandpaper shake. This technique is quick, safe, very effective, and more efficient than other techniques when scarifying large numbers of seed. 97 SEED PRODUCTION AND GERMINATION OF ASTRAGALUS CRASSICARJPUS VAR. TRICHOC ALYX. K.R. Lackey. J.M. Coons. H.R. Owen, and J.E. Ebinger. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois 61920. Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. var. trichocalyx (Nutt) Bameby, also known as ground plum, is an endangered herbaceous perennial legume endemic to west central Illinois. The objective of this study was to determine seed production and to determine if scarification was needed for germination. In 1999, fruits were collected at 2 different locations (Humphries Properties and Beaver Dam State Park) in Macoupin County on July 2 and August 25, 1999. Average size of fruits was 1.9 cm long and 1 .5 cm wide with 21.5 seeds per fruit. Fifteen seeds from each location and collection time were cut to remove a part of the seed coat. Five of these seeds were placed in each of 3 glass Petri dishes with 5ml of water and filter paper. Control seeds had no scarification. Dishes were placed in a germinator at 25°C. Germinated seeds were counted and then placed in greenhouse potting mix. Germination in scarified seeds (75%) was significantly higher than in control seeds (0%). No significant differences in germination were found between locations or collection times. From the 45 germinated seeds, 5 plants survived. In summary, mechanical scarification allows seeds to germinate, and plants can be established in pots. 82 98 PRAIRIE RESTORATIONS AT ROCK SPRINGS ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER, DECATUR, ILLINOIS. f.A. Ward, G.C. Tucker and |.E. Ebinger, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Rock Springs was acquired in the 1960s and 1970s by Macon County Conservation District. Prairie restorations, totaling ca. 26 acres, were established on former farmland starting in 1979. Several tracts were developed as prairie recreations through 1986, thus providing an opportunity to compare prairie restorations of different ages. No single species was dominant on all four tracts (1979, 1981, 1983, 1986), although grasses (Pamcuni virgatum , Sorghastrum nutans , Schizachyriurn scoparium, Sporobolus heterolepis, and Andropogon gerardii ) were dominant or codominant on one or more sites. The highest importance value for any species was 53.2 (out of 100) for Solidago canadensis in the 1979 tract. The oldest tract (1979) had the greatest number of species (26). Sorensen Similarity Index values ranged from 46 — 55. Coefficient of Conservatism ranged from 3.16 - 4.13 and Floristic Quality index from 16 — 18, but neither index showed a clear correlation with age of tract. 99 PHOTOPERIOD IMPACT ON LATERAL SHOOT GROWTH rN STYLISMA PICKERINGII A.J. Kerber, H.R. Owen, and J.M. Coons, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, 61920. Stylisma pickeringii (Torr.)Gray (Patterson bindweed) has recently moved from the Illinois threatened species list to the endangered species list. Previous studies showed seedlings going into a dormant period before developing lateral shoots. The cause of this dormancy period is unknown; although, fall planted seedlings only began to develop lateral shoots in the longer days of spring. The purpose of this study is to determine if photoperiod stimulates development of lateral shoots. Seeds were germinated in tissue culture and placed in growth chambers at 8 hours light/ 16 hours dark and at 16 hours Iight/8 hours dark. For six weeks the number and height of the lateral shoots were monitored and recorded. More growth of the lateral shoots occurred in the longer photoperiod than the shorter photoperiod (47% and 27% respectively). Lateral shoots in the longer photoperiod grew at an average of 5.5 cm for the six weeks (25 % more growth), while lateral shoots in the shorter photoperiod grew at an average of 4.0 cm for the six weeks. This information will be used to increase lateral shoot production in Stylisma to produce more vigorous seedlings indoors. These seedlings will be planted in an attempt to reintroduce Stylisma into its native Illinois sand prairie habitat. 100 DISTRIBUTION AND SURVIVORSHIP OF A LOWLAND COSTA RICAN RAIN FOREST TREE, ANAXAGOREA CRA SS1PETALA . K.M. Jaskowiak. S.A. Juliano. and J.E. Armstrong. Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790. Little is known about the population dynamics of Anaxagorea crassipetala , a tree common to the lowland rain forests of Central America. Based on its reproductive morphology (few seed/tree with low dispersal probability), we hypothesized that this species would show a clustered population distribution and Type 2 survivorship (low juvenile mortality that is not predominantly found in any age group). Using a modified point-quarter method in which distances were measured from adults to the nearest juvenile trees, we found that individuals grew in well- separated groups ranging from three to twenty-nine individuals each. The diameter at breast height (dbh) and juvenile height were measured and used to establish age classes based on a size/age correlation. The results support the model that this species has a Type 2 survivorship. This species shows a reproductive strategy not traditionally exhibited by rain forest trees making it an interesting organism for further study. (This research was conducted as part of Illinois State University BSC 306.08: Rain Forest Ecology held at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica in December 1999.) 101 83 EFFECTS OF SOIL NUTRIENTS AND pH ON SPECIES RICHNESS IN A LOWLAND OLD FIELD IN CARBONDALE, IL. S. Y. Emmert, B. A. Middleton, and D.J. Gibson. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6509. The levels of phosphorus, potassium, and pH were studied in an old field near Carbondale, IL and their relationship to species richness was studied. The study site was on the SIU campus (Chautauqua site) in an experimental site for long-term undergraduate research set up as part of an NSF project. Sixteen, five meter squared plots involving three treatments, control, first year fertilized, and annually fertilized were sampled for the species richness, and soil samples collected for soil analysis. Mean phosphorus levels were, 27.8 ppm in the annually fertilized plots, 21.8 ppm in the first year fertilized plots, and 22.7 in the control plots (F=3.3, P<0.04). Mean potassium levels were, 104.4 ppm in the annually fertilized plots, 70.3 ppm in the first year fertilized plots, and 53.8 ppm in the control plots (F=23.03, P<0.0001). Mean pH levels were 4.8 in the annually fertilized plots, 5.9 in the first year fertilized plots, and 6.0 in the control plots (F=3.5, P<0.04). Mean species richness levels were 7.7 species per plot in the annually fertilized plots, 8.6 species per plot in the first year fertilized plots, and 9.4 species per plot in the control plots. Phosphorus was related to the species richness of the vegetation (F=4.2, P<0.05), however, potassium and pH were not. 102 VEGETATION SURVEY OF THOMPSON WOODS, JACKSON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. T. R.Miller. Jr. and M. A. Basinger. Dept, of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, II 62901- 6509. This study of Thompson Woods, a 7.3 ha old-growth remnant located on the Southern Illinois University at Carbondale campus, will serve as the baseline for future surveys to document the change in an old- growth remnant. Thompson Woods is a highly degraded oak-hickory upland forest. Forty eight 0.04 ha permanent vegetation plots were established allowing for response of exotic species to treatments to be monitored. Preliminary results have found high cover values for exotic herbs and vines (42.09 out of 91.59 total percent cover value). Exotics composed 20% of the flora of Thompson Woods with 33 out of 167 ground layer species being exotic. Woody vines such as Lonicera japonica Thunb., Parthcnocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, and Euonymous fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Maz. dominated the seedling layer. Mesophytic tree species such as Cercis canadensis L. and Acer saccharum Marsh, dominated the sapling layer. Prunus serotina Ehrh. dominated the overstory with Quercus species and mesophytic hardwoods as co-dominants. 103 STATUS OF CIMICIFUGA RU BIFOLIA KEARNEY IN ILLINOIS. T.R. Miller. Jr.. S.Y. Emmert. X H. Johnson, and P. A. Robertson. Dept, of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, II 62901-6509. Cimicifuga rubifolia Kearney is listed as an Illinois threatened species and is restricted to the Shawnee Hills Natural Division. C. rubifolia occurs mainly in the Ridge and Valley region of Tennessee and southern Virginia with scattered populations in northwest Tennessee, western Kentucky, southern Indiana, and northern Alabama. C. rubifolia is found on northerly slopes in relatively undisturbed mixed mesophytic forest. Surveys were conducted to determine the distribution, habitat, and demographic characteristics of 22 known populations of C. rubifolia in Illinois in seven counties. Population size ranged from 8 ramets to 4858 ramets. Average number of juvenile ramets for all populations was 257.27 ± 800.83 std. Mean number of adults was 383.64 ± 697.61 std. Mean percentage of flowering adult plants was 26.7% ± 24.48 std. Mean slope angle was 30.13% ± 10.08 std. Canopy coverage averaged 87.71% ± 4.97. Illinois was found to have the second highest number of C. rubifolia populations following Tennessee. C. rubifolia should remain as threatened within Illinois to ensure survival of the species. 84 104 TRANSLOCATION OF HERBICIDE AMONG CLONAL SPECIES Jon T. Bitner and Elizabeth J. Essclman. Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville II, 62026. Prairies are herbaceous ecosystems dominated by grasses and forbes. Invasion of non¬ native woody tree species into these ecosystems can eventually lead to their demise. Non¬ native woody tree species are able to out-compete the native flora due to faster growth rates, more efficient reproduction, and tolerance to a wider range of environmental conditions. Their presence can cause ecological succession to shift from a prairie ecosystem to a lightly wooded community in just a few short years. Our goal for the experiment was two-fold. First, would the chosen herbicide, Pathfinder II^M, translocate between clones of Robinia pseudo-acacia. Second, what was the maximum distance allowable between treated trees that would still maintain a 100% kill rate. Knowledge of the maximum distance between treatment trees will help reduce the amount of chemical material needed to eliminate any undesired species. Our preliminary results suggest that Pathfinder II^M wjn translocate between clones of black locust. The maximum distance between treated trees, which maintained a 100% kill rate, was one meter. 105 THE INCREASE OF ASIMINA TRILOBA (L.) DUNAL (PAWPAW) IN THE PRAIRIE PENNINSULA OF ILLINOIS. R.L. Larlmore and J.E, Ebinger, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL 61820. With the decrease in fire frequency since the arrival of European man the forests of central Illinois have become more mesic. Fire-sensitive, shade-tolerant species such as pawpaw and sugar maple, are increasing in importance in these forest communities as Quercus spp. (oaks) and Carya spp. (hickories) are decreasing. Pawpaw commonly has a clumped distribution in these forests where reproduction is mostly vegetative by root suckers. In young ‘colonies’ pawpaw distribution is mostly centric, with the largest (oldest) stems toward the middle and increasingly smaller (younger) stems occurring as distance increases from the ‘population’ center. Horizontal roots tend to be 10 to 30 cm deep and run in straight lines with root suckers arising from them. Within the past 30 years pawpaw has increased significantly in Baber Woods Nature Preserve, as well as other forests in central Illinois. This increase is probably responsible for a decrease in understory species diversity. 106 VEGETATION AL CHANGE IN A RESTORED PRAIRIE. T. L. Crispino and R. C. Anderson. Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4120. The restored prairie that was started in 1988 is part of the ParkLands Foundation Mcrwin Preserve located in central Illinois, McLean County. We determined the current plant species composition and abundance, and changes in species composition and abundance and intensity of deer browsing between 1992 and 1999. In 1999, the dominant plants on the site included prairie grasses (Indian grass and little bluestem) and forbs (purple coneflower, purple prairie clover, yellow coneflower, and stiff goldenrod). Except for yellow cone all of the forbs are associated with relatively undisturbed native prairies. Weedy plants such as Kentucky bluegrass, common ragweed, black medic, and smooth bromc had low abundance on the prairie. Comparison of quadrat frequency data taken in 1992 and 1999 showed a marked increase in abundance of prairie species found in high quality prairies and a decline in species associated with disturbed or degraded prairies. Changes in deer browsing intensity on prairie forbs was determined by counting browsed and unbrowsed stems of two indicator species, stiff goldenrod and rosin weed in 1992 and 1999. Both species had a decrease in the proportion of their stems browsed between the two samples. The decline was apparently due to the institution of a controlled deer hunt in 1994, which has continued to the present time. 107 85 PRESETTLEMENT VEGETATION PATTERNS ALONG THE AMERICAN BOTTOMS AND ADJACENT UPLANDS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER K. McKeever.1 J.C. Nelson.1 T. George2. F T fj^rris2. R J Coseriff.'and J.K. Tucker1. 'Illinois Natural History Survey Great Rivers Field Station. Brighton, IL 62012 2St. Louis District U S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis, MO 63103 U S. General Land Office survey field notes and plat maps of the Mississippi River floodplain and a portion of the adjacent uplands were used to reconstruct landscape and community patterns present before extensive European settlement of the region. A diversity of plant communities were identified, including prairies, marshes, barrens, open oak woodlands, and savannahs. Large tracts of prairie were found on both the floodplain and the uplands. Frequent flooding and fire are likely disturbance mechanisms that once maintained these communities. 108 the EFFECT OF VEGETATIVE SIZE ON SEED GERMINATION AND VIABILITY IN BOLTONIA DECURRENS. Tullv Parker and Marian Smith. Southern Illinois University at Ed wards ville, IL 62026. Boltonia decurrens is a threatened plant species endemic to the Illinois River floodplain. Prior to the disruption of the natural river hydrology, B. decurrens grew in a contiguous population from La Salle, IL to St. Louis, MO. Now with levees, locks, and dams altering the frequency, duration, and severity of flooding, B. decurrens is only found in disjunct populations. Proper management of this species requires information on critical life stages, including reproduction, to prevent further decline of the populations. Boltonia decurrens reproduces by seed production and the production of basal rosettes. Seed production is important to the persistence of this species because it is the only known means of long distance dispersal and population establishment. Previous efforts have determined that the size of bolted plant has an effect on overall quality of basal rosettes. This study was initiated to determine if there is a difference in germination and viability of seeds produced by large and small plants. Seed heads from 120 large (greater than 50 cm tall) and 120 small (less than 50 cm tall) plants were collected, separated, and the number of seeds counted. The seed heads were then randomly tested for germination and viability. According to frtests at a 95% confidence level, there were no significant differences between size classes in either the ray or disk seeds in germination and viability. 109 EXAMINATION OF ISOZYME DIVERSITY WITHIN AND BETWEEN POPULATIONS OF HYMENOXYS HERBACEA (E. L. GREENE) CUSICK = H. ACAUL1S VAR. GLABRA (LAKESIDE DAISY). E. J. Esselman. D, J. Crawford, and J. A. Windus. Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62025. Hymenoxys acaulis var. glabra , commonly known as lakeside daisy, is an endangered Great lake endemic found in four isolated sites in Ohio, Michigan and Ontario, Canada. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels and apportionment of diversity within and among the Ohio and Michigan sites utilizing isozyme markers. Ten remaining plants from an extripated Illinois population were also included in the analysis. A total of 18 loci and 8 enzymes were resolved. Total species diversity (Ht = 0.120), and mean diversity within populations (Hs = 0.092) are slightly lower than the mean for other outcrossing endemic species. The proportion of total diversity among populations (Gst = 0.032) is lower than the average for other outcrossing endemics. No unique alleles were found in any population examined. Different allelic frequencies in extant populations may have been generated by chance during the fragmentation of larger populations and/or decreases in population sizes. At present, there is no gene flow between the populations. 86 no THE INFLUENCE OF SIZE ON ROSETTE SURVIVAL: A LIFE STAGE DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE RARE WETLAND PLANT, BOLTONIA DECURRENS. T. Cochran andJVL Smith, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, ,IL 62026. Boltonia decurrens (Torrey and -Gray) Wood, is a perennial floodplain plant endemic to the Illinois River and its confluence with the Mississippi. It is currently listed as endangered in Missouri and threatened in Illinois. Population decline has resulted from the reduction and degradation of its natural habitat. Long term monitoring of populations is necessary for understanding the life history stages that have the greatest effect on population growth and species persistence. The purpose of this study is to monitor individual rosettes from the naturally occurring population at Horseshoe Lake State Park in Madison County, IL. This population has experienced a 75% reduction in size in the past year. The experiment will monitor large rosettes (<15cm) and small rosettes (>15cm) to determine the influence of size on survival. Two sample one-tailed t- tests were used to compare height, number of inflorescences, seeds per head, total biomass, and root/shoot ratio per plant. The results were found to be statistically significant except for survival between the two size classes. Ill EFFECTS OF LIGHT REGIME AND DENSITY ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF BOLTONIA DECURRENS X. Wang and M. Smith Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62025. Boltonia decurrens is a threatened floodplain perennial indigenous to Illinois. Any- strategy designed to conserve this rare species must include a study of its growth characteristics. This study examined the effects of light regime on seedling bolting and density on biomass. In a series of 5 experiments, daylength, light intensity and plant density were manipulated in 2 growth chambers. These experiments demonstrated a direct relationship between quantum flux and seedling bolting. In addition, seedling bolting was shown to be a function of total integrated quantum flux rather than photoperiod. Individual total biomass was negatively correlated to density. 112 SEED BANK ECOLOGY OF BUTTERFIELD CREEK WATERSHED ALONG OLD PLANK ROAD TRAIL Matthew S. Lake, Peter Gunther, Deann C. Grossi and Holly L. Bauer Division of Science Governors State University, University Park, IL 60466-0975. This is a report of research on wetland seed banks along the Butterfield Creek watershed in Matteson Illinois. The area is of particular interest because of the activities of the Butterfield Creek Steering Committee, the Thorn Creek Ecosystem Partnership. The Old Plank Road Trail (OPRT) runs from east to west bisecting our study area into north and south wetlands. .Fragmentation of this landscape provides another aspect of interest directly related to the basic ecology of the area. Sixty core-samples were removed (30 from each side of the study area) representing three sequential depths, 0-1 5cm, 16-30cm, and 31 -46cm respectively. Core-samples were returned to the lab for comparative determinations of seed bank viability. Results indicate that the two seed banks (north and south) have undergone a time-frame shift. Landscape fragmentation brought about by the introduction of the railroad (currently OPRT), and back-flooding of the south side of Butterfield Creek caused a cessation of seed bank formation on the south side which appears to be a remnant of pre-railroad vegetation seed deposition. Landscape fragmentation in wetlands can result in the formation of seed bank remnants, which may provide valuable information about the dynamics of seed bank ecology in general as well as local vegetative history in particular. 113 87 OCCURRENCE OF MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS IN OPUNTIA HUMIFUSA IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS. Sean Whitcomb and Walter J. Sundberg, Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901. Literature on the occurrence of mvcorrhizae in the Cactaceae is limited. Detailed information about the colonization status and j specific fungal associates of many cactus species is needed. This study examined the percentage of roots colonized and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal spores associated with Opuntia humifusa (Cactaceae), a native Illinois cactus. Plants from six separate sites in three different southern Illinois counties were collected. Each of the sites was a rocky bluff top with thin sandy soil. Plant roots were cleared, stained, and scored for percent colonization of AM fungi. Soils from the plant rhizospheres were also collected for determination of AM fungal spore abundance. Preliminary results show that about 35% to 55% of the roots from each site are colonized by AM fungi. These levels are slightly higher than those reported for 0. humifusa from sand prairies in central Illinois, but similar to other cactus species in other U.S. states and countries. Determination of spore abundance is in progress. 114 A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE FLESHY, NON-RES UPINATE JELLY FUNGI OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS. H. A. Sebbv1 D. M. Minnis2_and W, J, Sundbere1. Depts. of Plant Biology (1) and Microbiology (2), Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL. Although numerous jelly fungi (Basidiomycota, Phragmobasidiomycetes sensu lato in part) have been reported from northern Illinois, published records on their occurrence in the southern pan of the state are nearly lacking. Thus, our purpose is to contribute toward amelioration of this situation. Personally collected specimens and material housed in the Mycological Collections, Southern Illinois University Flerbarium were studied and identified utilizing ecological, macro-morphological, and micro-morphological features. A total of 1 1 genera and 16 species have been documented thus far. Their distribution by order (sensu lato) is as follows: Auriculariales, 2 genera and species; Dacrymycetales, three genera, six species; Tremellales, six genera and ten species. To our knowledge, four jelly fungi-Dacryrnvces palmatus. Exidia repanda, lismella aurantia, and Sebacin.a concrescens— were previously unreported for Illinois. The total number of species reported herein is lower than that recorded for northern Illinois. However, unidentified collections are still under study, and some southernmost and south eastern counties are not well represented in our records. Therefore, it is likely that additional fleshy, non-resupinate jelly fungi may occur in southern Illinois. 115 ASSESSMENT OF HABITAT AVAILABILITY FOR BOLTONIA DECURRENS, A THREATENED FLOODPLAIN SPECIES, USING A GIS. P.A. Mcttlcr1. M, Smith2. B. Rizzo1 and B, Middleton1. 'Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, 2Soulhem Illinois University at Edwardsvillc, Edwardsville, IL 62025. The decline of the federally threatened species, Boltonia decurrens (Torrey and Gray) Wood (Asteraceae) is due to hydrologic changes in the Illinois River and its associated floodplain. B. decurrens is a fugitive, floodplain species that colonizes disturbed sites along the Illinois River and its confluence with the Mississippi River, but is primarily restricted to the Illinois River Valley. The proliferation of agriculture in the Illinois River watershed lias greatly reduced habitat availability for B. decurrens. We used a geographic information system to assess current habitat availability for B. decurrens. We downloaded the following data for 5 Illinois counties from the Illinois Department of Natural Resources Geospatial Data Clearinghouse; county boundary, floodzones, National Wetland Inventory' Classification and streams. Each county was mapped individually overlaying these themes using Arc View 3.2. NWI classification and floodzones were intersected using the geoprocessing tool in ArcView. Query' builder was used to isolate areas where NWI classifications recorded at current B. decurrens populations interesected with the river flood zone. This information was used to calculate the area of suitable habitat remaining for B. decurrens within each county. 88 116 CONSTRUCTION OF A BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION VECTOR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HUMAN FIBRINOGEN. L. Schwertman, S. Uder, D. Farrell* and M. Bolyard. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, EL 62025 and ^Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201. Fibrinogen is one of the major blood clotting proteins and it consists of Aa, Bp, and y chains. The primary objective of the research has been to construct baculovirus expression vectors that will code for all three chains of fibrinogen. After construction, the plasmids will be introduced into the insect cell line Sf9 to produce the fibrinogen protein in these insect cells. It is our hope that this will lead to the large scale production of recombinant human fibrinogen for basic and applied research. 117 THE ROLE OF CD29 AND CD49c IN VERO -ADAPTED CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS INFECTION OF VERO CELLS. T. Korves. M.Nickells and P.Wanda. Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL. 62026. The binding of viruses to cells and their subsequent infection is, in large part due to the specific interaction of proteins on the viral surface with viral receptors on host cells. Recently, the viral receptor for measles virus has been identified as CD46, a host cell protein which protects cells from damage during immune re¬ sponses. However, the receptor for canine distemper virus ( a relative of measles virus) , remains undetermined. We have verified that CD46 is the receptor for measles virus in Vero cells (African Green Monkey Kidney cells) by blocking infection with anti-human CD46. Anti-human CD46 did not block infection of these cells by canine distemper virus. CD29 and CD49c, potential receptor or interactive elements of a receptor complex were investigated with antibody to CD29 and CD49c. 118 AMMONIUM CHLORIDE INHIBITS CHANNEL CATFISH DISEASE VIRUS INDUCED CELL FUSION. A. Gamblin and P, Wanda. Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL. 62026. Channel catfish disease virus (CCDV) is a member of the herpesvirus family and is responsible for signif¬ icant losses of pond-raised channel catfish. We have found that ammonium chloride reduces virus production in a channel catfish ovary cell line. Morphological examination of virus infected cells and plaque formation indicate that viral-induced cell fusion (synctia formation) is reduced. 119 89 EFFECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE ON NEOVASCULARIZATION IN THE RETINA. Presented by Antonio E Bifero, RUSH University, Chicago, IL Growth Hormone (GH) is a single chain 191 a. a. polypeptide synthesized ‘by somatotrophs' in the adenohypophysis and exerts a variety of biological effects on cell proliferation, somatic growth, and glucose metabolism. Recent studies suggest GH to be an angiogenic promoter of unknown etiology. One potential mechanism links retinal capillary endothelial proliferation to increases in vivo concentrations of GH, IGF-1 (a somatomedin), and VEGF (a well known potentiator of neovascularization in ischemic retinal diseases of the eye. In vivo and in vitro studies using mouse and human retinas, respectively, to investigate the effects of IGF-1 on VEGF gene expression. Bovine retinal pericytes were also studied for the same response. Northern blot analysis showed an increase in VEGF mRNA in both retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and retinal capillary endothelial (RCE) cells in a concentration dependent manor, EC50 of 7nmol/l. Conditioned media obtained from the above was able to stimulate RCE cell proliferation (Rinaa, S. 97). Neutralization of IGF-1 receptor by antibody abrogated VEGF increases. VEGF ligand was also shown to upregulate VEGF mRNA in pericytes and RPE. These studies suggest an indirect mechanism of GH induced IGF-1 mediated retinal neovascularization, through the increase of VEGF by retinal pigment epithelial cells, pericytes, and capillary endothelial cells. 120 SYNTHESIS OF [8,8-(l,3-DIOXOLANE)CAMPHORYL]SULFONYL OXAZIRIDINE. A.K. Goodenoug and D.M. Cermak, Knox College, Galesburg, IL 61401. (N-Sulfonyl)camphor oxaziridine derivatives hav proven useful in the enantiomerically enriched a-hydroxylation of carbonyl compounds and phosphonate. Previous studies involving known oxaziridines have been shown to produce undesirable byproducts. Th dimethoxy-substituted oxaziridine (la) has been investigated in reactions with ketones, but has not bee comprehensively studied with esters or phosphonates. We propose that the cyclic acetal oxaziridine (lb) ma show improvements in enantiomeric excess due to the rigid stereochemistry of this highly strained multicycli system without undesired byproducts. Progress toward the synthesis of this novel oxaziridine, as well as tf limits and applicability of these oxaziridines to reactions with esters and phosphonates, will be presented. O II RCH2X(OR)n X = C,P n = 1 , 2 Y = OCH3 (la) = (OCH2)2 (lb) 90 121 THE EFFECTS OF SIDE-STREAM CIGARETTE SMOKE ON LIPID PEROXIDATION IN MOUSE HEART AND LUNG TISSUE. M. Mitchell and M.R. Fry. Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625. In addition to several putative carcinogens, cigarette smoke contains a substantial number of free radicals which may contribute directly, or indirectly via cytochrome P450, to lipid peroxidation. Lipid and protein oxidation have been reported when human plasma was exposed to cigarette smoke in the test tube and a correlation between heart disease and lipid oxidation has also been recently demonstrated. In this study, lipid peroxidation levels were measured in heart and lung tissues harvested from contol mice and mice exposed to side-stream cigarette smoke for eight weeks. Four CL7B6 mice were exposed to the side-stream cigarette smoke from 3 cigarettes daily over the eight week period and total lipids were extracted from homogenized heart and lung tissues by a modified Bligh and Dyer method. Tissue homogenization and lipid extraction were carried out in the presence of 0.001% butylated hydroxytoluene to prevent further oxidation during isolation. In vivo lipid peroxidation was quantitated by the absorbance of conjugated dienes at 233 nm and by colorimetric determination of malondialdehyde formation after complexing with thiobarbituric acid. 122 D^ALENT CAT|0N-INDUCED VESICLE FUSION. J. Pellino . A. Schlein and M. R. Frv. Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625. The ability of calcium to induce fusion of phosphatidylserine vesicles has been well-established. It is postulated that calcium acts by binding to and initially aggregating the negatively charged vesicles. Subsequently point defects introduced in the bilayer lead to fusion. Calcium, zinc, manganese and magnesium were examined for fusogenic activity. Divalent cation-induced fusion of phosphatidylserine vesicles was monitored by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. In this method, the efficiency of transfer of fluorescence resonance energy from donor to acceptor fluorophores conjugated to vesicle phospholipids was determined. When labeled vesicles are mixed with an excess of unlabeled vesicles, vesicle fusion and lateral movement of the phospholipids results in a decreased efficiency of resonance energy transfer. At sub-millimolar concentrations, zinc and manganese were more effective than calcium, while magnesium had little to no effect on vesicle fusion up to 5.0 mM. The different effects of divalent metal cations on vesicle fusion may be due to differences in preferred coordination numbers and energies of dehydration. 123 DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENT OF INTERNET ACCESSIBLE REMOTE SENSING NETWORKS WI I FUN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM. S.M, Cartv and J.F. Edmiston. Quincy University', Quincy, IL 62 jO I . Microprocessors known as BASIC Stamps have been used to design and construct a network of sensors deployed throughout Quincy Bay, a Mississippi River tributary. The network is capable of continuously monitoring temperature, conductivity, and pH. Measurements are transmuted via RF link to a shoreline laboratory, transferred immediately via telephone to a computer network, and made available through interactive web pages on the Internet. Network operation and deployment requires the integration of sciisoi chat actenstics, circuit designs, microprocessor programs, and Perl/CGI web page programs Ecosystem information collected through the network is continuously accessible in real-time throuuh Internet access. 124 91 FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY IN FISH FROM A LEAD-CONTAMINATED OZARK STREAM. P.A. I lerman and IMF Brunkou. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IF 62026. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) reflects differences between right and left sides of a normally symmetric bilateral trait and has been used as an indicator of developmental stability as influenced by environmental contaminants. This study was performed to determine if a correlation between lead contamination of Ozark streams and FA in native fish exists. Previous studies have shown tissue lead concentrations in non-native sport Fishes from Ozark streams to be unsafe for human consumption. We focused on the stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum), a widespread, native non-sport Fish. Fish were seined from a lead-contaminated site and an uncontaminated site in the Big River. Five bilateral traits were measured on each individual using two different methods. Live Fish were First videotaped in a glass chamber, with traits being measured using image analysis software. After preservation, traits were also measured by hand using a caliper. Trait asymmetry was estimated for each individual by dividing the difference between right and left side measurements by the average trait size. ANOVA revealed average asymmetry was not significantly different for any trait between contaminated and uncontaminated sites. This may indicate dispersal of individuals between sites or a lack of pathological lead contamination in this species. Interestingly, video data gave significantly higher estimates of asymmetry than hand-measured data for all five traits. Implications of this effect of data collection technique on studies of FA are discussed. 125 BREEDING SEASON ANURAN MONITORING AND DISTRIBUTION AT TWO UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODPLAIN SITES. K.J. McKay, Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, IL 61256, J P. Quinlivan and M S. Bomstein. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wapello, IA 52653. In 1995 the Wapello District of the Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge initiated an anuran breeding chorus survey project at the Big Timber and Keithsburg Divisions, to determine frog and toad diversity, distribution, and relative abundance. We established an interior and edge survey route at each location. Three surveys were conducted during the amphibian breeding season (early, middle, and late). Each species identified was assigned a relative abundance score ranging from 1 to 3. Overall, 9 species of frogs and toads were identified (8 at each site). Of the 7 species common to both locations, 6 were more abundant at Keithsburg. At Big Timber, all 8 species were encountered in the interior, while only 5 were recorded at the edge. By comparison, at Keithsburg all 8 species were identified at the edge and 7 occurred in the interior. At both sites, most species were more abundant within the interior. A comparison between the intenors of the two locations revealed similar diversities (8 and 7 species, respectively). However, most of these (5 species) were more abundant at Keithsburg. The edge at Keithsburg had greater diversity (8 species) than the edge at Big Timber (5 species). Again, most species (7) were more abundant at Keithsburg. Based on this data, it appears that breeding anurans prefer the wetland interiors and highly lentic areas of floodplain forests. 126 SEASONAL TIMING OF FROG AND TOAD BREEDING ACTIVITY IN EASTERN IOWA. K.J. McKav, Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, IL 61256. I conducted 3 frog and toad breeding chorus survey routes in eastcentral Iowa for 4 years (1993-1996). Each route was sampled j times during the amphibian breeding season (early, middle, and late). Each species identified was assigned a relative abundance score ranging from 1 to 3. A total of 10 species were identified over these 4 years. The seasonal timing of breeding activity for each species was examined based on the relative amount of breeding chorus activity occurring. During Time Period 1, 6 species were encountered. Of these, a large proportion of the total abundance of 3 species were engaged in breeding chorus activities including the western chorus frog (58%), northern leopard frog (80%), and the pickerel frog (100%). Nine species were identified during Time Period 2. Again, a large portion of the cumulative abundance of 3 species were calling at this time including the american toad (52%), eastern gray treefrog (42%), aid the cope’s gray treefrog (59%). Similaly, 9 species were identified during Time Period 3. However, a lage proportion of the total abundance ot 6 species were participating in breeding choruses at this time including both the eastern and cope s gray treefrogs (53% and 41%, respectively), spring peeper (56%), cricket frog (82%), green frog (81%), and the bullfrog (95%). In conclusion, each individual species seems to concentrate a relatively lage proportion of its breeding chorus activity during specific seasonal time periods. 92 127 ALTERING FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANS TO ACCOMMODATE RARE OR ENDANGERED SPECIES - A POSITIVE EXAMPLE AND APPROACH. K.J. McKay and J.W. Stravers. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, IL 61256, G.V. Swenson and C.J. Kohrt, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pleasant Valley, IA 52767. Red-shouldered hawks (RSH) are classified as endangered species in Iowa and Illinois. We documented 3 active nesting territories within the Milan Bottoms Complex (Mississippi River miles 475.0-478.5). Due to the presence of breeding RSH, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers altered a 3 1 -acre timber harvest scheduled for Milan Bottoms. Instead, two smaller harvests (18 total acres) were completed during the 1994-1995 winter. In order to better understand RSH responses to small clear-cuts near their nesting territory, we monitored RSH reproductive success and foraging habits during the 1995 and 1996 breeding seasons. RSH have been observed foraging throughout the study area, including in and near the clear-cut sites. In 1995, 3 RSH fledged from the Mill Creek nest, and 2 fledged from the Long Pond nest. The Powerline nest, nearest the 1 1-acre cut, failed to produce any young. Ln 1996, 2 nestlings at the Mill Creek site reached the age of two weeks, but apparently died before fledging. The Powerline nest again failed to produce young. Due to the extended period of high water in 1996, we were unable to determine the outcome at the Long Pond site. Our results are extremely preliminary and more research is necessary before definitive conclusions can be stated regarding the influence of small clear-cuts on RSH reproductive success. 128 INFLUENCE OF FORAGING PERCH HABITAT ON BALD EAGLES EM WESTCENTRAL ILLINOIS. K.J. McKay, Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, IL 61256, G.M. Quartucci. Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Hammond, fN 46320. This project examined population characteristics and distributional patterns of bald eagles wintering along the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). We documented bald eagle population size, age ratios, and seasonal population fluctuations along the UMR in westcentral Illinois and eastcentral Iowa during two winters (1988-1990). Additionally, the influence of foraging perch habitat (FPH) on eagle distribution was examined. Each year, the total number of eagles censused was nearly identical (1214 and 1216, respectively). Adults were slightly more numerous both years, with age ratios of 1.32 and 1.26, respectively. Each year the population experienced bimodal seasonal peaks. The observed bald eagle distribution was “clumped” into two distinct sections (upriver and downriver) based on eagle numbers present, and on the amount and quality of available FPH. Areas of tree-based FPH were identified and classified as “minimally adequate,” “adequate,” or “more than adequate.” More abundant and higher quality FPH, along with greater eagle numbers, were located in the upriver section as compared to the downriver portion of the study area The influence of FPH on distribution was examined as the relationship between tree-perched eagles and the use of areas containing at least minimally adequate habitat. This research indicated that FPH quality and abundance did influence bald eagle distribution dong the UMR. 129 INFLUENCE OF ICE COVER ON BALD EAGLE DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER REGION. K.J. McKay, Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, IL 61256, G.M. Quartucci. Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Hammond, IN 46320. Bald eagles winter sporadically along the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). The objective of this project was to examine the influence of ice cover on bald eagle distribution along the UMR in northwest Illinois and eastcentral Iowa, via weekly surveys, during the winters of 1988- 1989 and 1989-1990. In 1988-1989, 53% of the surveys experienced significant amounts of ice cover (at least 25%). This coverage averaged 46.4% over the entire study area. These particular surveys accounted for 79.3% of all eagle observations. In 1989-1990, only 25% of the surveys had significant amounts of ice cover. This cover averaged 72.0% throughout the study area. Among these surveys, 69.3% of all eagle observations occurred. Consequently, a large proportion of the total number of bald eagles encountered each year throughout the study area were during surveys when substantial amounts of ice cover existed. Therefore, we believe that the ice cover factor is directly related to the distribution of bald eagles throughout the UMR region. However, other environmental factors within the study area also seemed to influence the observed pattern of eagle distribution. As a result, more research is necessary in order to better understand why and to what extent ice cover influences wintering bald eagle distribution along the UMR. 130 93 A COMPARISON OF AVIFAUNAL MONITORING USING POINT COUNT AND RANDOM AREA SEARCH METHODS. K.J. McKay. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, IL 61256, M S. Bomstein and J.P. Quinlivan, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wapello, IA 52653. During 1994 we monitored avian diversity at the Big Timber and Keithsburg Divisions of the Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge, comparing two avifaunal survey methods - point counts and random area search. Both sites were surveyed twice during 8 sampling periods. One survey used a 10-minute point count method at 10 permanently marked points. The second survey utilized a 4-hour random area search technique. The total amount of search effort was 100 minutes for the point counts and 380 minutes for the area search. We needed comparable amounts of search effort in order to compare methods. As a result, we examined data between the 100 minutes of point counts and the first 100 minutes of area search. Overall, the diversities encountered on all surveys, regardless of method, were higher at Keithsburg. The 380-minute area search always resulted in the highest avian diversity. However, the comparison between point counts and the 100-minute area search resulted in a greater diversity on 15 of the 16 point count surveys. In conclusion, point counts appear to be the preferred method for sampling avifaunal diversity since they produce similar results per search effort to random area search techniques. Additionally, point counts are repeatable and provide a basis for examining the influence of habitat on avian diversity over time. 131 AVIAN SURVEY OF TFIE SAVANNA ORDNANCE DEPOT BOTTOMLANDS - AN UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODPLAIN SITE. K.J. McKay, Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, IL 61256, P C. Petersen and B.L. Blevins. Quad City Audubon Society, Davenport, IA 52803. In order to assess avian diversity and relative abundance on the Savanna Ordnance Depot floodplain forest, we conducted a point count survey project here during the fall migration of 1993 and the spring migration and summer breeding seasons of 1994. Throughout this project, we identified 1 12 species, including 16 Permanent Residents (RES), 38 North American Migrants (NAM), and 58 Neotropical Migrants (NTM). During the migrational periods, 105 species were encountered (16 RES, 35 NAM, and 54 NTM). Most of these species (54%) exhibited a preference for utilizing the area during migration. In comparison, 7 1 species were observed during the breeding season (12 RES, 28 NAM, and 3 1 NTM). Only 38% of these species preferred using the study area during the breeding season. Among the survey points located in forest edge habitat, we encountered 83 species (12 RES, 3 1 NAM, and 40 NTM). Only 26% of these species exhibited a preference for the forest edge. In contrast, 102 species were identified at points located within forest interior habitat (15 RES, 34 NANI, and 53 NTM). Of these species, 52% appeared to prefer the forest interior. Overall, the primary importance of this floodplain forest appears to be as a migration corridor, as well as a site providing important forest interior habitat. 132 SUMMARY OF RED-SHOULDERED HAWK REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS ALONG THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY, 1983-1997. K.J. McKay and J.W. Stravers. Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, [L 61256, G.V. Swenson and C.J. Kohrt U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pleasant Valley, IA 52767. In 1983, little information was available regarding the overall number and density of active red-shouldered hawk (RSH) nesting territories along the Upper Mississippi River. In fact, only 5 active territories were documented from Wabasha, Minnesota to Burlington, Iowa. Between 1983 and 1997, we identified RSH presence or nesting activity at 37 sites along this 400-mile stretch of river. During these 15 years, we were able to determine the results from 80 separate nesting attempts. Of these, 54 (67.5%) were successful. A total of 1 17 fledglings have been produced from these sites (2.17 per successful nest and 1.46 per nesting attempt). RSH reproductive success has varied substantially over the years, ranging from a low of 38% in 1993 to a high of 88% in 1984. Low rates of reproductive success appear to be directly linked to either persistent adverse weather conditions, or extended periods of high water. Additionally, RSH seem to be negatively impacted by human activity and extensive alteration of mature floodplain forest habitat. During this project, RSH also demonstrated a high degree of territory reoccupation. Our results indicate that the overall number of RSH nesting along the Upper Mississippi River is relatively low, and their reproductive success is quite variable. 94 133 RED-SHOULDERED HAWK NESTING ACTIVITY AND FLOODPLAIN FOREST TIMBER HARVESTING - ARE THEY COMPATIBLE? K.J. McKay and J.W. Stravers, Midwest Raptor Research Fund, Hampton, IL 61256, G.V. Swenson and C.J. Kohrt, U S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pleasant Valley, IA 52767. Limited information is available regarding the response of red-shouldered hawks (RSH) to various forest management techniques. We monitored RSH nesting response to different timber harvesting methods at two locations along the Upper Mississippi River. The privately-owned Yellow River site employed a multiple series of selective cuts, during the winter, in which all trees exceeding 8 inches dbh were harvested over a three year period (approximately 850 total acres). The Milan Bottoms site, owned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, utilized a single clear-cut over one winter (approximately 1 1 total acres). RSH had nested in the Yellow Rjver site for 24 years. Prior to the harvest (1993), this site supported 2 active nesting territories. After the first year of harvesting, one of the territories became unoccupied and was presumed abandoned. The second nest failed immediately following the harvest (1996) and was unoccupied in 1997. In comparison, Milan Bottoms also supported 2 active territories prior to the 1 1-acre cut. The number of active territories remained the same or increased to 3 during the 3 years following the harvest (1995-1997). Although our investigations are extremely preliminary, RSH breeding activity appears to be more negatively impacted by large scale, long term cuts than by small scale, short term harvests. 134 AM1NOCYCL1TOL ANTIBIOTICS INFLUENCE MURINE IN VIVO AND IN V ITRO FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY. D.N. Mehta, E.J. VVonnacott, M.S. Richards, R.J. Caruso. S.C. Lee, and D.J. Kitz. S. Illinois University at Edwardsville. IL 62026-1651. The aminocvclitol antibiotics, spectinomycin and trospectomycin (Pharmacia-Upjohn), are antibacterial antibiotics which have been shown to be intracellularly concentrated by host phagocytic cells. Such antibiotics are known to effect murine immune reponse including enhancing microbicidal activity and delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH). VVe examined the effects of these drugs on peritoneal-derived phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) ability to kill candidal yeasts following drug exposure of the host cells in vitro or in vivo or both. Organ clearance studies were used to determine drug effects on fungicidal activity in the whole animal. In addition, we examined the ability of these drugs to effect DTH to the contact sensitizing chemical dinitrofluorobenzene(Sigma) using an ear-thickness assay. Under most conditions examined yeast killing and DTH were enhanced. The aminocyclitol antibiotics boost the immune response and therefore potentially benefit the host. Supported in part by the Max Baer Heart Fund, Fraternal Order of Eagles. 135 MAC ROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS INFLUENCE MURINE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY. P.T. Zykan, M.S. Richards, J.D. Clark, N.L. Lang. S, Jubinski. Jr.. S.E. Klunk and D.J. Kitz. S. Illinois Univ. at Edwardsville. IL 62026-1 651 . Hie macrolide antibiotics are used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, and in addition to antibacterial activity these drugs also boost immune response including antifungal activity. The ability of macrolides including erythromycin(Sigma), azithromycin(Pfizer), troIeandomycin(Pfizer) and clarithromycin(Abbott) to affect fungicidal activity of peritoneal-derived neutrophils and macrophages for candidal yeasts was determined. Effects of drug exposure on these peritoneal-derived phagocytes was examined in vivo and in vitro, and under both conditions. The ability of these drugs to influence in vivo antifungal activity as determined by organ counts after intravenous challenge also was done. Under most of our test conditions yeast killing was enhanced. These findings support the hypothesis that antibiotic-mediated effects on the immune system by antibacterial antibiotics can benefit the host. Supported in part by the Max Baer Heart Fund, Fraternal Order of Eagles. 136 95 EFFECT OF THEOPHYLLINE ON THE VENTILATORY RESPONSE TO C02 IN NEWBORN — ViLlA/ JIa A i — Hildebrand / and KtLi McGl lllard . Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Methylxanthines , such as theophylline (THEO) are frequently used in the treatment of recurrent apnea in newborns. Infants with recurrent apnea usually have a diminished ventilatory response to C02. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of THEO on the ventilatory response to C02 in newborn rats. Respiratory rates and volumes were determined in unanesthetized 4- to 7-day-old rats using a body plethysmograph while breathing C02 concentrations ranging from 0% to 6%. Saline-treated rats showed an increase in tidal volume and mean inspiratory flow with increasing concentrations of C02, but no change in frequency. THEO-treated rats (10-40 mg/kg s.c.) also had no change in frequency, but showed dose-dependent increases in the other responses to C02. In summary, THEO increases the ventilatory response to C02 in newborn rats. 137 EFFECT OF ORAL CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON CONTRACTILITY OF THE RAT DIAPHRAGM. R.J. Balch. S.S. Stefanoski. and K.L. McGilliard. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. In order for a muscle to sustain contraction, it must be supplied with ATP as rapidly as ATP is being used. Phosphocreatine (PC) is used by skeletal muscle as an immediate reserve of phosphate for replenishment of ATP. Creatine supplements are widely used by athletes on the supposition that ingested creatine is taken up into muscle and converted to PC. The present study was conducted to determine if creatine supplementation would increase the force of contraction and reduce the rate of fatigue in the electrically-stimulated isolated rat diaphragm. Creatine was administered to rats in the drinking water for 1-3 weeks. Creatine supplementation slightly increased the force of diaphragmatic contraction after electrical stimulation, while increasing the half-time of fatigue by 57%. These data support the hypothesis that creatine supplementation promotes muscle hypertrophy by reducing the rate of muscle fatigue during strenuous exercise. 138 RATES OF PLASMA CAFFEINE UPTAKE FROM DIFFERENT DELIVERY VEHICLES. M J, Stepanskv and P.M. Klingensmith, Governors State University, University Park, IL 60466. Caffeine (1, 3, 7- trimethylxanthine) delays fatigue and acts as a diuretic and a cardiac, respiratory', and nervous system stimulant. Previous research indicates that residual caffeine in saliva from gum and ingested food products interferes with the accurate measurement of absorption even when preemptive measures such as tooth brushing and mouth rinses are used. Pharmakokinetic studies on the rate of caffeine absorption into the blood from chewing caffeinated gum have not been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the rates of plasma caffeine uptake from different delivery vehicles. Plasma sampling occurred prior to, and at preset time intervals following the delivery of 50 - 55 mg of caffeine through a coffee, cola, or gum vehicle. This research represents a portion of a larger, proprietary study on caffeinated chewing gum, with the overall objective of formulating products to combat fatigue for civilian and military use. Plasma caffeine was determined by modifying the method of Newton et al. (1981) using capillary gas chromatography. Paired-sample t-tests were utilized to compare mean plasma caffeine concentrations at specific time intervals for coffee and cola delivery vehicles. Plasma caffeine concentrations were not significantly different at any of the time intervals tested, suggesting that the rates of caffeine uptake were similar between these delivery vehicles. 96 139 ADDITIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRESENCE OF COLIFORMS ON TOOTHBRUSHES. KJA^ Rankin, A.Krier, K.M. Mester, and D.L.WeQman-Geedev, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 61201. This study is the continuation of a previous project to evaluate factors (including storage habits, rinsing treatments, and bathroom cleaning methods) that may affect coliform presence on toothbrushes. Conforms are Gram negative, Lac+ bacilli that are present in the normal flora of the human gut that are commonly used as indicators of sewage contamination (and possible pathogen presence) in municipal water treatment plants. In the current study, we have improved data collection to increase subject compliance (beyond 50%) at the second sampling time by retrieving brushes from subjects and providing clean plastic bags for transport of brushes. The current sun/ey has been expanded to determine if ventilation in bathrooms or the presence of children's brushes near the study brushes are important factors to consider. Preliminary data suggest that these factors, as well as certain storage and rinsing methods may reduce coliform presence , wh/ch may reflect reduced pathogen transmission as well. 140 USING A HISTORICALLY RICH CURRICULUM AND PAIRED PROBLEM SOLVING TO TEACH THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION S. B, Hager. Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 61201-2296. I evaluated in a freshman biology course the effectiveness of teaching the theory of evolution using the instructional techniques of a historically rich curriculum and paired problem solving. Unannounced surveys were administered the first day (pretests) and within the last week (posttests) of the course for three different classes. I used these surveys to classify as cither naive or scientific students’ level of understanding of present-day evolutionary' theory. Pretest results showed that significantly more students used teleological and Lamarckian (naive) viewpoints to explain evolutionary phenomena, rather than explanations grounded in Darwinian theory. The level of students’ scientific understanding of evolution increased significantly between pretest and posttest surveys for all classes. This study provides more evidence for the hypothesis that a historically rich curriculum and paired problem solving strategics arc effective in bolstering student’s scientific understanding and in changing students naive preconceptions of modern evolutionary theory. 141 PUZZLE: INTEGRATED LEARNING FOR THE MODERN CLASSROOM. Robert Schlingmann and Diane Jedlicka, School of the Art Institute of Chicago Media Center 112 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago IL, 60603, The creative process is complex and integral part of our social structure. It manifests itself in all areas of our lives and is key to the heritage that is passed to generations to follow. What is gained from understanding the elements of the creative process, is how humans have grown as cultures with in many different environments. Both environment and culture are the foundation to the integration of method and materials in the creative process. My approach is not a standard structure found in integrated curriculum and multicultural curriculum. It is a curriculum that works as a hybrid of both. I have made a working curriculum for the secondary art/ science classroom, integrating the following topics: Zoology, Ecology, Anthropology, Sociology, Archeoastronomy, and Biology. This includes detailed lesson plans, list of art materials needed, scientific references, and interactive CD-ROM for teachers and student references. 142 97 EARTHWORM CROP-GIZZARD, A MODEL SMOOTH MUSCLE. K.G. Krainiak and R.W, Klohr. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 62026. Classically, isolated organs like rabbit ileum are used to demonstrate smooth muscle properties. There are several drawbacks, though. The organs must be handled carefully and maintained at the body temperature of the animal. Also, mammals are costly, require special care, and may need institutional approval. We have developed a comparable laboratory with earthworm crop-gizzards. Worms cost only a few dollars, can be kept in a refrigerator, and used at room temperature. Furthermore, they require no special permit. In this lab students remove the crop-gizzard and place it in a room temperature tissue bath. Once the tissue is connected to a recorder, students can monitor spontaneous contractions and effects of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and serotonin. Acetylcholine causes an increase in contraction rate and a biphasic change in amplitude, while serotonin causes a decrease in both contraction rate and amplitude. These responses are similar to those caused by neurotransmitters in the isolated mammalian digestive tract. Thus the worm experiment can display the same properties without the drawbacks. 143 LEARNING STYLES OF NURSING STUDENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO SUCCESS IN CHEMISTRY R. J. Van Lanen , N. M. Lockie and T. McGannon, Saint Xavier University, Chicago, IL 60655. A number of educators have proposed that teaching would be more. effective if faculty took account of differences in students’ learning styles (McKeachie, 1 995). In ah effort to improve teaching methodologies and learning in chemistry, a study was conducted to determine the role of demographic and academic variables and student learning styles on performance in chemistry. The sample consisted of nursing majors (N = 95) enrolled in a one semester organic/toiochemistry course. Student learning styles were determined using the Kolb Learning Style Inventory. The distribution of learning styles was Assimilator (40.4%), Diverger (26.6%), Converger (17.0%) and Accommodator (16.0%). Regression analysis revealed that academic and demographic variables were not statistically significant predictors of success in the course. One-way analysis of variance did not reveal a significant relationship^ = .636) between student learning styles and final course grades. Possible interpretations of these results as well as strategies used to address the needs of students with different academic backgrounds and learning styles will be presented. 144 DETERMINING THE SOCIAL HIERARCHY OF A CAPTIVE POPULATION OF SCARLET MACAWS: AN EXERCISE IN ANIMAL BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH. FT Larson. Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 61201. A group of sibling Scarlet Macaws (Ara macao) from the Niabi Zoo in Coal Valley, IL was studied to determine their social hierarchy. Behaviors were categorized as aggressive or submissive and interactions during feeding time were observed. The body coloration of each individual was quantified using the Munsell color system. Dominance varied with age, body coloration, and aggressive behaviors for both sexes. Results show that age and sex are large determining factors in the formation of a hierarchy. 98 145 THi; EFFECTS OF 8-OH-DPAT AND METHYSERGIDE ON THE ISOLATED EARTHWORM GUT R.W. Klohr, and K.G. Krainiak, Southern Illinois University Edvvardsville, 62026. Previously vve studied the effects of serotonin on the isolated crop-gizzard of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris , and found that it had an inhibitory effect on both rate and amplitude with a threshold between 10'8 M, and 10‘7M. We are using several agonists and antagonists which are known to bind to specific mammalian receptor subtypes to further classify the serotonin receptor. We have found that 8-OH-DPAT, a selective agonist for the 1 A subtype, has an inhibitory effect on rate similar to serotonin. The threshold for this decrease in rate was between 10'10 M, and 10'9 M. The amplitude increased however, with a threshold between 10'7M, and 10 6 M. This amplitude increase is opposite to that of serotonin. We also tested methysergide maleate, a type 2 antagonist, and found its effect on the crop-gizzard to be similar to 8-OFI-DPAT, but to a much lesser degree. Only after testing several other compounds will we begin to be able to determine which mammalian serotonin receptor subtype the crop-gizzard of L. terrestris resembles. 146 INVENTORY OF THE INVERTEBRATES OCCUPYING A WETLAND/SAND PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM. Robert J. Cosgriff and John K. Tucker, Illinois Natural History Survey, Great Rivers Field Station, 8450 Montclaire Avenue, Brighton, IL 62012. An inventory of ground dwelling insects and spiders was conducted from March to August of 1999 on a disturbed sandy site near Edvvardsville, IL. Drift fences and pitfall traps were utilized and invertebrates were collected approximately once every month. We identified 103 different species of which (by Order) 1 was a member of Spirobolida, 3 were members of Isoptera, 8 were members of Hymenoptera, 10 were members of Hemiptera, 1 was a member of Isopoda, 45 were members of Coleoptera, 1 was a member of Homoptera, 3 were members of Orthoptera, 8 were members of Lepidoptera, 22 were members of Araneae, and 1 was a member of Acari. Results indicated that there was no systemic spatial variation between drift fences and insects caught. There were, however, differences in species caught temporally. 147 Determining relationships within a community of Red Ruffed Lemurs (Lemur variegates rubra) through behavioral observations. S.K. Sylvester and D.M. Jedlicka, School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603. A community of three lemurs on display at the Lincoln Park Zoo (Chicago, IL) was observed. Certain behaviors were catalogued as well as general activity to summarize the animal’s reacations. Physical deformations (short tail vs. long tail, deformed hand vs. normal, dropped iris vs. normal) were also indicators of the lemur’s relationships. Through observations it was hypothesized the lemur’s relation¬ ships. The zoo has an adult mated pair and their daughter on display. The adult male showed sexual interest in both females. How rare is this in the wild, or is this a response to captivity. This investigation determines the relationships of these three lemurs and how these relationships are affected by sexual activity in captivity. 148 99 CHARACTERISTICS OF CAVITY TREES USED BY SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS C Higgins and T Nelson. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) are forest -obligate mammals that inhabit tree cavities throughout the year. Although several studies have reported on this species use of nest boxes, few have described the characteristics of cavity trees used by flying squirrels. We live-trapped and radio-collared 9 flying squirrels during the summer of 1999 to investigate the types of trees used by this species. During the 8 week period that transmitters were active, these squirrels used 15 den trees. Three adult females and 5 juvenile females generally used the same dens repeatedly, however an adult male moved regularly among 5 den trees. Den were usually in tall (>14m) trees with large diameters (>40 cm dbh). The species composition of den trees did not differ from other trees. The majority of dens were in white oaks, red oaks and sugar maples. Cavity trees provide critical habitat for flying squirrels and the maintenance of a diversity of large cavity trees and snags in forest patches >10 ha may be necessary to conserve this species. 149 DEMOGRAPHICS AND MOVEMENTS OF CHIPMUNKS IN A FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE. L. Rule and T. Nelson. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Studies have shown that eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) may be sensitive to forest fragmentation and present only in larger forest patches. The study was conducted to: (1) compare the sex and age composition of chipmunks inhabiting large versus small patches and (2) estimate home range size and maximum distances traveled in these patches. We live-trapping 35 chipmunks and radio-collared 6 of these. Adults comprised 62% of the population inhabiting a large patch, but only 27% in a small patch; sex ratios did not differ between sites. Summer ranges averaged 1.1 ha, but adult males tended to have larger ranges (Z = 2.0 ha) than adult females and juveniles (X = 0.2 ha). The maximum linear distance traveled by any chipmunk was 390 m. Chipmunks experimentally translocated up to 300 m from their homes generally returned if they could travel within forests, but a chipmunk translocated approximately 100 m across a cornfield did not cross this barrier. Chipmunks may be more negatively affected by fragmentation because they are more susceptible to increased predation in small forest patches relative to larger or smaller mammals. 150 A HISTORICAL VERTEBRATE SPECIES LIST OF THE GREEN OAKS FIELD STATION, KNOX COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Mathvs J. Mever and Elizabeth M. Gerlach, Knox College, Galesburg, IL 61401-4999. A historical vertebrate species list of the Green Oaks Field Station was compiled from a variety of archival documents contained in the Knox College archives between 1998 and 1999. The Green Oaks Field Station is a 760 acre site in eastern Knox County that consists of secondary oak -hickory' forest, strip-mine lakes and grassland habitat. Green Oaks encompasses the second oldest restored prairie in North America. Archival material used in compiling this list included departmental reports, unpublished research papers, newspaper articles and photos dating from 1925. The resulting historical vertebrate species list contains 258 vertebrate species, which includes 9 fish species, 12 amphibian species, 18 reptile species, 176 bird species and 43 mammal species. 100 151 ASSESSING THE RELIABILITY OF FROG MALFORMATION DATA FROM AN ONLINE WEBSITE. T.M. Fuller, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 61201. The scientific community is concerned with unusually high deformation rates in frog species throughout the world. Many biologists have performed population surveys to determine the extent of frog malformations among native frog populations. Much of this information has been entered into an online database called North American Reporting Center for Amphibian Malformations (NARCAM). Although this information is readily available to the public, no one has examined the reliability of the data. I examined the information for all data entries from across continental United States on NARCAM. Seventy-seven percent of the data on NARCAM was judged reliable, which in this study is defined as providing: the anuran species, the numbers of both healthy and malformed anurans, and a specific site where these anurans were found. These data judged as reliable can then be used to determine incidence of deformation so that others can extrapolate these malformation rates to geographic areas where amphibian population numbers have not been studied. 152 A STUDY OF FROG MALFORMATIONS AT GREEN WING ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY, AMBOY, ILLINOIS. T.M. Fuller and SB. Hager. Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 61201. We conducted physical examinations of anurans for morphological deformities at Green Wing Environmental Laboratory, near Amboy, IL. A total of 61 individuals from three species were assessed. Four individuals displayed abnormal growth patterns: one American toad ( Bufo americanus) had abnormal pigmentation and skin texture on the head and three grey treefrogs (Hy/a versicolor) showed limb deformities. All northern leopard frogs (Rcma pipiens) sampled exhibited normal development. 153 THE DETERMINATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GROWTH CYCLE OF IN VITRO CULTIVATED EMU FIBROBLAST CELLS. D.A. Sorrentino and RL Nielsen, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455. To further understand in vitro aging, emu and chicken embryo fibroblast cells were grown in culture and the data was compared with existing data for chicken embryo fibroblast cells. Initially, fibroblast cells were extracted from one emu embryo and several chicken embryos. These fibroblasts were grown separately in T-25 flasks containing minimum essential media with 10% fetal bovine serum (MEM +10% FBS). Population doublings were calculated using cell counts. Protein determination was performed using the Lowery procedure. Cells were pulse labeled with 3H-thymidine to measure DNA synthesis. The cumulative population doublings (PD) of emu fibroblast cells (28.915) were comparable to the population doubling data of chicken fibroblast cells ( = 25 and 28.27) from previous studies. However, this study observed chicken fibroblast cells undergoing = 18 PD. Protein concentrations did increase with age from passage 2 at 8.63 ug/106 cells to 75.80 ug/106 cells at passage 21 in emu and from 42.35 ug/106 cells at passage 3 to 72.84 ug/106 cells at passage 9 in chickens. The percent labeled nuclei data yielded a decrease in labeled nuclei from 59% to 10.75% in collected Emu samples. 154 101 EFFECTS OF RIPARIAN ZONE FRAGMENTATION ON PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND FISH GROWTH RATES. K. Kirkham and R. U, Fischer. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Stream habitats in Illinois have been fragmented over time by human interference, specifically agriculture and pollution. Stream fragmentation may cause distinct patch formation within a stream and may produce negative effects upon both abiotic and biotic factors of a stream. Therefore, if patch formation exists, we would expect to see changes in primary productivity within patches, which in turn may lead to changes in growth rates of fish at various trophic levels. In this study, our objectives were: 1) to determine if distinct patch formation occurred within a stream environment; 2) discover if primary productivity is different between patches; and 3) determine if growth rates ot fish are affected by differences in primary productivity or patch formation. Seven sites were sampled for fish and productivity along Polcat Creek, located in Coles County, Illinois. For all sites, stream habitat quality assessment was conducted using SHAP (Stream Habitat Assessment Procedure), stream primary productivity was assessed using biostimulation, and fish growth rates were determined using the back calculation formula. We concluded from SHAP that distinct patches occurred within a stream and resulted in four good and three poor sites. When comparing good and bad sites concerning productivity and fish growth rates, no significant difference was observed. The reason for the absence of differences in primary productivity and growth rates between sites maybe due to the fact that all sites were low in productivity due to a phosphorous deficiency. 155 BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS OF CAPTIVE AFRICAN LIONS (Panthera leo krugeri). O. Jennv Reynolds and D. M. Jedlicka, the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, EL 60602. I decided to compare the definite differences between the mother and aunt lionesses. Currently the mother has three baby lions approximately ten months in age. I was immediately drawn to the aggressive tendency of the aunt opposing the easy forthcoming of the mother. Therefore, I investigated upon their backgrounds. After retrieving significant information about these lions, I noted my assumptions to be true. I discovered the vigorous nature of the aunt to evolve from her having grown up in the wild. The mother lion was immediately withdrawn from her mother as a baby to be hand-raised with constant interaction with humans. My conclusion was evident and drew my particular fascination to the current interaction of these two. 156 BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE SECRETARY BIRD (Saggittarius serpentarius). O. Jennv Reynolds and D. M. Jedlicka. the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, EL 60602. I recorded observations on one of the two secretary birds kept at the Lincoln Park Zoo. The question of WHY in my observation was mainly drawn to the specific actions and order of behaviors performed during specific times of the day. I proposed the particular hyperactivity and liveliness pertained to the actions closely related to the feeding time. The bird remained in constant motion during this time. After observing on my third day the solemn tranquility of the bird during the early morning hours, my hypothesis was concluded about this behavior. Also, I observed the Secretary bird’s heightened sense of territorial response. Being kept with two vultures, the bird was very innate in response to protecting its food and the specific area the food was scattered each day. 102 OFFICIALS OF THE ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE April 1999 - April 2000 (As of February 2000) Patricia W. Zimmerman, Executive Secretary Illinois State Museum 530 S. Spring St., Springfield, Illinois 62706-5000 217/782-6436; FAX 782-1254 zimmerma@museum. state, il.us OFFICERS President: Walter J. Sundberg, Department of Plant Biology, M/C 6509, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale 62901-6509. Office: 618/453-3212; home: 618/684- 6873; FAX: 618/453-3441; sundberg@plant.siu.edu President-Elect: Linda K. Dybas, Knox College, Box 20, Galesburg 61401. Office: 309/341-7352; FAX 309/341-7718; ldybas@knox.edu Vice-President (for 2000 Meeting): Kevin Geedey, Department of Biology, Augustana College, 634 38th St., Rock Island 61201. Office: 309/794-3437; bigeedey@augustana.edu Vice-President (for 2001 Meeting): Dennis M. DeVolder, Department of Computer Science, Western Illinois University, Macomb 61455. Office: 309/298-1415; Dennis_De Voider @ccMail. wiu.edu ^Secretary: Laurence E. Crofutt, 1020 Thirteenth St., Charleston 61920-2905. 217/345-5851; croflitt@advant.net Treasurer: Andrew S. Methven, Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave., Charleston 61920. Office: 217/581-6241; FAX 217/581-2722; cfasm@eiu.edu COUNCIL MEMBERS Immediate Past-President: Howard E. Buhse, Jr., Department of Biological Sciences, M/C 066, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago 60607-7060. Office: 312/996-2997; FAX 312/413-2435; spasmin@uic.uic.edu Immediate Past Vice-President: Andrew Wood, Department of Plant Biology, M/C 6509, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901-6509. Office: 618/536-2331; wood@plant.siu.edu and John B. Stahl, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901. Office: 618/453-4134; stahljb@siu.edu Editor (of Transactions ): Teresa L. North, Division of Student Services, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb 61455. Office: 309/298-1814; teresa_north@ ccmail.wiu.edu; tlnl ltj2@macomb.com 103 Museum Representative: Everett D. Cashatt, Illinois State Museum Research and Collections Center, 101 1 E. Ash, Springfield 62703. Office: 217/782-6689; cashett@museum.state.il.us COUNCILORS-AT-LARGE Term to Expire 2000 ♦Amrik S. Dhaliwal, Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago 60626. Office: 773/508-3626. * Marianne Robertson, Department of Biology, Millikin University, 1 184 W. Main, Decatur 62522-2084. Office: 217/424-3754; home: 217/873-7510; mrobertson@mail.millikin.edu *Paul D. Sorensen, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb 60115-2861. Office: 815/753-7848; FAX: 815/753-0461; home: 815/758-1003; psorensen@niu.edu Term to Expire 2001 Armando G. Amador, ReproGen, 3121 Norwood Dr., Springfield 62704-5454. Office: 217/793-6979; aamador@yahoo.com Bonnie W. Styles, Illinois State Museum Research and Collections Center, 1011 E. Ash St., Spingfield 62703. Office: 217/782-7475; FAX 217/785-2857; styles@museum.state.il. us Robert J. Van Lanen, Department of Science/Chemistry, Saint Xavier University, 3700 W. 103rd. St., Chicago 60655. Office: 773/298-3525; FAX 773/779-3300; home: 708/ 53 1 -0822; vanlanen@enteract.com Term to Expire 2002 Samuel P. Bowen, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Chicago State University, 9501 S. King Dr., Chicago 60628. Office: 773/995-3804; FAX 773/995-3809; s-bowen@csu.edu Janice M. Coons, Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave., Charleston 61920. Office: 217/581-6243; FAX 217/581-7141; c5mcl@eiu.edu Lee H. Tichenor, Department of Computer Science, Western Illinois University, Macomb 61455-1390. Office: 309/298-1479; mflht@wiu.edu. DIVISION CHAIRS Agriculture: Anthropology and Archaeology: Bonnie W. Styles, Illinois State Museum Research and Collections Center, 1011 E. Ash St., Springfield 62703. Office: 217/782-7475; FAX 217/785-2857; sty les@museum. state . il. us Botany: Janice M. Coons, Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave., Charleston 61920. Office: 217/581-6243; FAX 217/581-7141; c5mcl@eiu.edu Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology: Paul E. Wanda, Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville 62026. Office: 618/650-2336; home: 618/288- 9857; FAX 618/650-3174; pwanda@siue.edu Chemistry: Brad J. Andersh, Department of Chemistry, Bradley University, Peoria 61625. Office: 309/677-3493; bja@bradley.bradley.edu Computer Science: Dennis M. DeVolder, Department of Computer Science, Western Illinois University, Macomb 61455. Office: 309/298-1441; Dennis_DeVolder@ccMail.wiu.edu Earth Science: Vincent P. Gutowski, Department of Geology/Geography, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave., Charleston 61920. Office: 217/581-3825; cfvpg@eiu.edu Engineering and Technology: C. J. Hatziadoniu, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901-6603. Office: 618/453-7036; FAX 618/453-7972; hatz@siu.edu Environmental Science: James R. Rastorfer, Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University, 9501 S. King Dr., Chicago 60628. Office: 773/995-2426; home: 708/748- 3682; FAX 773/995-3759; j-rastorfer@csu.edu Health Sciences: Dennis J. Kitz, Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville 62026-1651. Office: 618/650-3927; FAX 618/650-3174; dkitz@siue.edu Microbiology: Dara L. Wegman-Geedey, Department of Biology, Augustana College, 639 Thirty Eighth St., Rock Island 61202. Office: 309/794-3445; FAX 309/794-3476. Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy: Mathew Timm, Department of Mathematics, Bradley University, 1501 W. Bradley St., Peoria 61625. Office: 309/677-2508; mtimm@bradley. bradley.edu Science, Mathematics, and Technology Education: James A. McGaughey, Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave., Charleston 61920. Office: 217/581-2928; FAX: 217/581-7141; cfjam@eiu.edu Zoology: Robert U. Fischer, Jr., Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave., Charleston 61920. Office: 217/581-2817; FAX 217/581-7141; cfruf@eiu.edu CHAIRS OF STANDING COMMITTEES #Budget: Lee H. Tichenor, Department of Computer Science, Western Illinois University, Macomb 61455-1390. Office: 309/298-1479; mflht@wiu.edu ^Constitution and Bylaws: #Fellows and Honorary Members: Richard L. Leary, Illinois State Museum Research and Collections Center, 101 1 E. Ash, Springfield 62703. Office: 217/782-6633; leary@ museum, state . il. us #Meetings and Expositions: 105 ^Membership: Carol B. Lewandowski, University of Illinois at Chicago, M/C 243, 601 S. Morgan St., Chicago 60607-7123. Office: 312/996-2925; FAX 312/996-3559; lewan@uic.edu ^Nominations and Elections: Harold M. Kaplan, 106 N. Almond St., Carbondale 62901. (School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.) Office: 618/453-1461; home: 618/457-2707; hkaplan@som.siu.edu and James R. Rastorfer, Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University, 9501 S. King Dr., Chicago 60628. Office: 773/995-2426, home: 708/748-3682; FAX 773/995- 3759; j-rastorfer@csu.edu #Research Grants: Paul D. Sorensen, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb 60115-2861. Office: 815/753-7848; home: 815/758-1003; psorensen@niu.edu #Resolutions: Richard L. Leary, Illinois State Museum Research and Collections Center, 1011 E. Ash, Springfield 62703. Office: 217/782-6633; leary@museum. state. il.us #Science Talent Search: #Science Education: Kevin C. Wise, Science/Environmental Education Center, Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901-4610. Office: 618/453-4212; Dept.: 618/536-2441. OTHER OFFICIALS #AAAS and NAAS Delegate (1998-2001): #Webmaster: Armando G. Amador, ReproGen, 3121 Norwood Dr., Springfield 62704-5454. Office: 217/793-6979; aamador@warpnet.net FUTURE MEETINGS April 20-21, 2001: 93rd Annual Meeting, Western Illinois University, Macomb ^Denotes position to be filled by election effective Spring 2000. #Denotes presidential appointments. •» 107 ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Augustana College April 7-8, 2000 Annual Meeting Registration Form (Please type or print) Name: _ Affiliation: Last Mailing Address: _ Street First City State Zip Code Regular Member: _ Student Member: _ Under 21? Y N Honorary Member: _ Life Member: _ Emeritus Member: _ Non-Member: _ Non-Member Guest-Host School Student (Augie): _ Under 2 1 ? Y N (ID card required; paper sessions attendance only) Non-Member Guest— Other: . . (Poster session and/or meals only; must be with a registered member) Name of accompanying registered member: _ Registration Fees: (Note: This form may be photocopied if more than one registration is submitted) Membership Status: (T = Ticket required; Menus on reverse) Na Price ISAS Members 1 (On site $57.00) @ $47.00 ISAS Student Members 1 (On site $30.00) @ $25.00 Non-Member 1,2 (On Site $87.00) @ $77.00 Non-Member Student 1,2 (On Site $45.00) @ $40.00 Non-Member Guest-host College student (see status above) _ @ NC Non-Member Guest-Other (see status above) _ @ NC 1. Includes Poster Session 2. Includes Academy Membership Total $ $ $ $ $ $ Academy Luncheon-ISAS Members 3 @ $10.00 T $ Academy Lunchcon-Non-Member Guest (see above)i @$12.00 T $ Academy Banquet-ISAS Member3 @$19.00 T $ Academy Banquet-Non-Member Guest (see above)3 @$19.00 T $ Poster Session- Non-Member Guest (see above) @$10.00 T $ 3. Do you wish comparable vegetarian meal(s)? Lunch: Y N Banquet: Y N TOTAL (Payment must accompany form): $ Registration forms must be received by the Academy no later than March 25, 2000. Please make checks payable to the ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. Send to: Illinois State Academy of Science Illinois State Museum Telephone: (309) 438-2697 _ _ Springfield, IL 62706 _ Fax: (217) 782-1254 _ (Do not write below this line) NO: _ Date: _ Received of: _ _ _ _ _ Amount Paid: $ _ _ _ For the Academy 2000 Annual Meeting, Illinois State Academy of Science New York Botanical Garden Library 3 51 85 00342 5996